cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 4571: Autologous TARP peptide vaccination is associated with slowing in PSA velocity and a decrease in tumor growth rate in patients with Stage D0 prostate cancer.

Background: T-cell receptor alternate reading frame protein (TARP) is a novel, immunogenic 58 amino acid protein that is over-expressed in ∼95% of prostate cancer and ∼50% of breast cancer specimens and hence is a good candidate for therapeutic vaccination. In mice the immunogenicity of HLA-A*0201 binding TARP peptides can be improved through epitope-enhancement achieved by amino acid substitutions that result in increased HLA binding affinity. We conducted a first-in-human study to determine the safety and immunogenicity of TARP peptide vaccination and its impact on the velocity of PSA rise (expressed as slope log (PSA) or PSA doubling time (PSADT)) and tumor growth rate in men with Stage D0 prostate cancer. Methods: HLA-A*0201 positive men were randomized to receive epitope-enhanced (29-37-9V) or wild type (27-35) TARP peptides administered as a peptide emulsion with Montanide ISA 51VG plus GM-CSF (Arm A) or as an autologous peptide-pulsed dendritic cell vaccine (Arm B). Vaccines were administered q 3 weeks for a total of 5 vaccines with an optional 6 th dose of vaccine at 36 weeks based on immune response or PSADT criteria and a booster dose of vaccine for all patients at 48 and 96 weeks. Results: A total of 41 patients (n = 21 Arm A, n = 20 Arm B) enrolled, with a median on study duration of 75 weeks as of 07/31/12. Baseline cohort characteristics (median): age 62 yrs, PSA 3.44, Gleason Score 7, ALC 1270, CD4%/absolute 42.5%/547 cells/mm 3 , 25-OH vitamin D level 28, with 30 of 41 (73%) s/p radical prostatectomy and 26 of 41 (63%) s/p EBRT for PSA biochemical recurrence. TARP vaccination was safe and well tolerated with adverse events limited to local injection site reactions Citation Format: Lauren V. Wood, William L. Dahut, Antonio Fojo, James L. Gulley, Ravi Madan, Philip Arlen, Howard L. Parnes, Brenda D. Roberson, Seth M. Steinberg, Masaki Terabe, Julia Wilkerson, Ira Pastan, Jay A. Berzofsky. Autologous TARP peptide vaccination is associated with slowing in PSA velocity and a decrease in tumor growth rate in patients with Stage D0 prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4571. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4571
Improving Reading Instruction through Newer Media

This author states that early man's fears and distrust of fellow man are basic phenomena, which he postulates were caused by lack of communication—a complex process requiring intelligence and under...
Phonon contribution to the entropy of hard-sphere crystals

Comparing the entropies of hard spheres in the limit of close packing, for different stacking sequences of the hexagonal layers, has been a challenge because the differences are so small. Here we present a method based on a ``sticky-sphere'' model by which the system interpolates between hard spheres in one limit and a harmonic crystal in the other. For the fcc and hcp stackings we have calculated the entropy difference in the harmonic (sticky) limit, as well as the differences in the free energy change upon removing the stickiness in the model. The former, or phonon entropy, accounts for most of the entropy difference. Our value for the net entropy difference, $\ensuremath{\Delta}s=0.001164(8){k}_{\mathrm{B}}$ per sphere, is in excellent agreement with the best previous estimate by Mau and Huse [Phys. Rev. E 59, 4396 (1999)].
Effect of heat treatments on electromigration performance for TiN/AlCu/TiN interconnect

The thermal stability of multilayered TiN/AlCu/TiN interconnect metallization and its impact on electromigration reliability performance has been investigated. Upon heat treatments at 450 degree(s)C, a monotonic increase in sheet resistance of the metal structure was observed. The test results on samples with different structures, including single-layered AlCu, AlCu/TiN(cap), TiN(bottom)/AlCu, and TiN(bottom)/AlCu/TiN(cap), showed that the sheet resistance increase due to heat treatment effect occurred only for the last two structures which had a TiN barrier. This indicates that the observed sheet resistance increase resulted from occurrence of some intermetallic reactions between AlCu and the underlying TiN barrier, but similar reactions did not occur between AlCu and the TiN in the capping layer. The result was further verified by cross sectional TEM and RBS analysis on samples with heat treatments. The heat treatment effect on electromigration performance was found to be significant leading to lifetime variations over an order of magnitude. A bell-shaped relationship between electromigration lifetime and the metal sheet resistance was found on samples receiving varying cycles of heat treatments. The observed effect is believed to be due to doping effect of Ti diffusing from the underlying TiN barrier into AlCu. It is concluded that a good control over the cumulative thermal budget is essential to assure electromigration reliability for TiN/AlCu/TiN metallizations, which is especially critical for multilevel metallizations.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Nb-Nb thin-film Josephson junctions

We report a simple technique for the construction of thin‐film Josephson tunnel junctions in which both electrodes are of sputtered Nb. A thin (8–20 A) layer of Cu evaporated over the first oxidized Nb film prevents the formation of supershorts between the Nb films. The junctions are extremely rugged, and do not require protection against condensation of water vapor. A number of junctions have been stored at room temperature for six months and cycled to liquid‐helium temperatures 50 times without significant deterioration. Critical currents in the range 1 μA<Ic<10 mA may be achieved with an accuracy of ±20%. The dependence of junction characteristics on temperature, oxidation time, and Cu thickness is described. The junctions are particularly suited to the fabrication of practical devices such as SQUID’s.
A survey of information systems reaching small producers in global agricultural value chains

Smallholder farmers face many challenges competing in the global marketplace. One major constraint is the lack of access to information and communications, which could be used to make decisions and reach new markets. In this paper, drawing from our experiences designing agricultural information systems in India and Central America, we provide a framework for understanding inter-stakeholder communications within agricultural value chains, focusing on the needs of small producers. First, we outline the major types of stakeholders - including farmers, consumers, intermediaries and various supporting organizations. Then, we survey the major categories of information systems supporting communication between stakeholders, focusing on those reaching small farmers. Based on this survey, we provide the following categorization of information flows within agricultural value chains: 1) link-to-link (L2L): those information flows required to coordinate the sale, movement, and distribution of produce along the value chain, 2) peer-to-peer (P2P): communications required to share knowledge and experiences between members of the same stakeholder group, and the expert community serving that stakeholder group and 3) end-to-end (E2E): communications between producers and consumers, for example, to facilitate exchange of non-economic values to be used as external inputs to market pricing (e.g, certification). We outline some reasons why current information systems have had difficulty in reaching small producers, and highlight a few technology trends that could contribute to increasing the fidelity and accessibility of communications, both between producers and consumers, as well as within their respective stakeholder communities.
Role of Cl channels in Cl-dependent Na/H exchange

A novel Na/H exchange activity that requires Cl was recently identified in the apical membrane of crypt cells of the rat distal colon. This study explores the nature of the coupling of Cl and Na/H ...
Opioid overdose rates and implementation of overdose education and nasal naloxone distribution in Massachusetts: interrupted time series analysis

Objective To evaluate the impact of state supported overdose education and nasal naloxone distribution (OEND) programs on rates of opioid related death from overdose and acute care utilization in Massachusetts. Design Interrupted time series analysis of opioid related overdose death and acute care utilization rates from 2002 to 2009 comparing community-year strata with high and low rates of OEND implementation to those with no implementation.
HIERARCHICAL COMPARISON OF GENETIC VARIANCE-COVARIANCE MATRICES. I. USING THE FLURY HIERARCHY.

The comparison of additive genetic variance-covariance matrices (G-matrices) is an increasingly popular exercise in evolutionary biology because the evolution of the G-matrix is central to the issue of persistence of genetic constraints and to the use of dynamic models in an evolutionary time frame. The comparison of G-matrices is a nontrivial statistical problem because family structure induces nonindependence among the elements in each matrix. Past solutions to the problem of G-matrix comparison have dealt with this problem, with varying success, but have tested a single null hypothesis (matrix equality or matrix dissimilarity). Because matrices can differ in many ways, several hypotheses are of interest in matrix comparisons. Flury (1988) has provided an approach to matrix comparison in which a variety of hypotheses are tested, including the two extreme hypotheses prevalent in the evolutionary literature. The hypotheses are arranged in a hierarchy and involve comparisons of both the principal components (eigenvectors) and eigenvalues of the matrix. We adapt Flury's hierarchy of tests to the problem of comparing G- matrices by using randomization testing to account for nonindependence induced by family structure. Software has been developed for carrying out this analysis for both genetic and phenotypic data. The method is illustrated with a garter snake test case.
Algorithms in the diagnosis and management of exotic diseases. XVIII. acute viral hepatitis.

Acute viral hepatitis is a significant public health problem in developing countries and remains a major cause of acute liver disease in the United States. It has been the cause of large outbreaks of jaundice throughout history and has been described by more than four dozen synonyms. Classically, two major forms of hepatitis (A and B) have been delineated on the basis of clinical and epidemiologic evidence. The discovery of Australia antigen in serum [1], later called hepatitis B surface antigen, heralded an explosion of knowledge about the several infections that are called acute viral hepatitis. For example, the classical concepts of hepatitis A (infectious hepatitis) as an orally contracted disease and hepatitis B (serum hepatitis) as parenterally spread have been revised; hepatitis A and B may be spread by both routes. Moreover, seroepidemiologic data suggest that there is an additional type of hepatitis (hepatitis C?) and possibly more types [2]. Despite its high prevalence in many developing countries [3], hepatitis B does not appear to be a major source of infection for travelers. However, the high incidence of hepatitis A among American military personnel and Peace Corps volunteers abroad suggests that this virus is largely responsible for acute hepatitis in travelers returning to the United States.
Physical therapy during in-patient rehabilitation for a patient with Stiff-Person Syndrome.

ABSTRACTBackground and PurposePatients with Stiff-Person Syndrome (SPS) typically show stiffness and spasms, primarily of the trunk and proximal lower extremities. The purpose of this case report is to provide an overview of SPS and a description of the specific physical therapy management strategie
Watermelon Mosaic Virus Transmission and Probing Behavior by the Green Peach Aphid as Affected by Physical Agitation1

Physical agitation of aphids, by tapping the sides of a fasting vial in which the aphids were contained until all the aphids were dropped to the bottom and clumped, at 5-min intervals during pre- and/or post-virus acquisition (ceding access period, had no effect on the transmission of watermelon mosaic virus by green peach aphids, Myzus persicae (Sulzer). However, constant agitation resulted in reduced transmission incidence when administered for I hour, the last 30 minutes of an hour, and the last 15 minutes of an hour prior to the virus-acquisition feeding access period. In probing-behavior studies based on observation of single aphids, most of the constantly agitated aphids made only I probe (more than a minute in duration) during the virus-acquisition feeding access period. Of 180 agitated aphids observed only 6 transmitted the watermelon mosaic virus. Most of the nonagitated aphids made more than 1 probe during the access period and 26 of 108 transmitted the virus.
More Talk about "Basic Writers": A Category of Rhetorical Value for Teachers.

This article recuperates the notion of "strategic value," but to new ends: rather than arguing whether or not basic writing should continue, this case study looks to one institution where it does, asking what value the category "basic writer" holds for teachers at this site. On the one hand, they confirm the existing scholarship's critiques of the category's strategic limitations. At the same time, they maintain its potential value when leveraged as a tactic to argue for resources for students, attempt to understand students, and articulate a view of teaching as in service of social justice. Given these tensions between problematic and productive uses of the term "basic writer," debates about basic writing's existence would be better served if they shifted away from wholesale critique or defense and instead grappled with more rhetorical questions about value for particular institutions or programs at specific moments in time.
A Hierarchical Model Based Corrosion Diagnosis Approach for Grounding Grid with Down Lead Lines

To diagnose the corrosion condition of the horizontal conductors and the down lead lines of a grounding grid,a novel approach is presented.A hierarchical model of grounding grid is established,and an intrinsic grounding grid with only accessible nodes is hence achieved based on the model.The testability of the grounding grid is analyzed with Monte-Carlo method.As a result,the branches are divided into clear branches and uncertain branches.The resistances of the clear branches can be exactly determined while the resistances of the uncertain branches can not.A method to judge the sufficiency of test is suggested,and it is pointed out that in sufficient test the resistances of branches in the intrinsic grounding grid can all be exactly determined.The influence of down lead lines on corrosion diagnosis results is analyzed,and an approach to evaluate the resistances of down lead lines based on the diagnosis results of intrinsic grounding grid is proposed.It is believed that the resistances of all down lead lines can be exactly determined.An experimental grounding grid with sixty branches is adopted to verify the proposed approach.The results show that the maximum relative errors of the resistances are 4.86% for the clear branches and 8.43% for the down lead lines,respectively,which demonstrates that the proposed approach can be used to examine corrosion condition of the horizontal conductors and the down lead lines.
Hemin reversal of benzene-induced inhibition of reticulocyte protein synthesis.

Benzene (0.056-0.113 M) rapidly and reversibly inhibited protein synthesis in anucleate human sickle cell and rabbit reticulocytes. Hemin (50 μM) both prevented and reversed this effect of benzene. The inhibition in rabbit reticulocytes was accompanied by a conversion of polyribosomes to monoribosomes. The polyribosomal disaggregation required ribosomal movement along mRNA and was also prevented and reversed by 50 μM hemin. Benzene was also shown to inhibit heme synthesis in rabbit reticulocytes while neither ATP nor GSH levels were altered. A translational repressor (HCR) of reticulocyte cell-free protein synthesis was isolated from intact cells incubated with benzene, while no significant amount of HCR was found in cells incubated with both benzene and hemin. These results indicated that benzene inhibits translation at the heme-dependent site of initiation. The clinical implications of these experiments remain to be elucidated.
Regulation of bovine glomerular endothelial cell growth in vitro

To enable the study of glomerular endothelial cell functions and interactions with other glomerular cells, bovine glomerular capillary endothelial cells were established in culture. Selective media were used to facilitate endothelial cell proliferation and to suppress glomerular mesangial cell growth. Glomerular endothelial cells were separated from other cell types by fluorescence-activated cell sorting or, alternatively, by cloning. Glomerular endothelial cells expressed angiotensin I-converting enzyme and factor VIII activity and acetylated LDL uptake, properties generally held to be specific for endothelial cells. Proliferation of subconfluent glomerular endothelial cells was stimulated by basic fibroblast growth factor and, in the presence of heparin sodium, by acidic fibroblast growth factor. Platelet-derived growth factor was without effect on glomerular endothelial cell proliferation. Coculture with mesangial cells markedly inhibited proliferation of subconfluent glomerular endothelial cells. By contrast, medium conditioned by confluent glomerular endothelial cells markedly enhanced proliferation of subconfluent glomerular endothelial cells. These findings suggest that glomerular endothelial cell growth is under autocrine and paracrine control.
Researching Applied Linguistics in Language Teacher Education

The purpose of this chapter was to explore the range of research methodologies which can be used to investigate questions about language teachers’ acquisition and use of KAL and which can serve as models for further research. However, as can be seen from the tables in this chapter, there are a number of data collection tools which have not be fully utilized for looking at teachers’ knowledge in our field such as Q methodology, critical incidents, think aloud protocols, stimulus tasks, sorting tasks, concept maps, and memory tasks. It is important that applied linguists begin to explore and evaluate how such data collection methods can be used to pursue our questions in the area of L2 teacher learning and knowledge use.
Pharmacometabolomics in drug safety and drug-exposome interactions

Pharmacometabolomics is a relatively new field that measures an individual’s metabolome in biofluids to detect prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers of drug response and to provide an effective means to predict variation in a subject’s response to drug treatment. Pharmacometabolomics has the potential to help clinicians determine the effectiveness and safety of a drug on an individual basis. To provide information from the current literature in pharmocometabolomics relevant to drug safety including factors besides genetics that can play a role in how a subject responds to a drug treatment. Pharmacometabolomics studies on drug-induced liver toxicity, the use of pharmacometabolomics to detect and predict drug interactions, and future applications of pharmacometabolomics in drug safety are discussed. Pharmacometabolomics can play a role in identifying and/or characterizing toxicity at all stages of drug development. These stages include: pharmacokinetics and ADME; initial toxicity; protective mechanisms; adverse events; late injury; and, injury progression or recovery. Pharmacometabolomics also has the ability to detect endogenous metabolites and markers of other exposure factors including alcohol consumption, impact of the gut microbiome, nutrition, other medications (polypharmacy), dietary supplements, and current individual health-to-disease status, all of which could play a role in patient response to a drug. Pharmacometabolomics alone or in combination with pharmacogenomics can be used to develop customized treatment plans for patients (i.e., personalized medicine) that could significantly reduce adverse events that are sometimes associated with the use of pharmaceuticals.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Obstructive sleep apnoea is now recognized to be a common clinical illness affecting advanced aging societies. Characteristically, recurrent occlusion of the upper airway results in the cessation of airflow (apnoea) in association with repeated arousal from sleep and arterial desaturation. As the frequency of apnoea increases, the earliest and most common symptom of daytime sleepiness occurs. With the development of more severe hypoxaemia, additional symptoms and signs include pulmonary and systemic hypertension, cor pulmonale and neuropsychological dysfunction. Patients are generally middle-aged, overweight men or post-menopausal women. The fundamental defect that causes obstructive sleep apnoea is unclear; however, it is thought that the upper airway is overly collapsible
Simultaneously generating multiple keys over a cascade of a noiseless channel and a wiretap channel

In this paper, the problem of simultaneously generating multiple keys over a cascade of a noiseless channel and a wiretap channel is considered. The problem consists of three legitimate parties, i.e., Alice, Bob and Carol, where Alice and Bob wish to agree with Carol on independent secret keys. Alice and Bob are connected via a noiseless channel, and Bob is connected with Carol via a wiretap channel, while there is no direct connection between Alice and Carol. To Alice and Carol, Bob acts as a relay. Under this model, a single-letter characterization of the secret-key capacity region is provided. The result shows that there exists a trade-off between the individual secret-key rates.
Optics research at the U.S. Army Research Laboratory.

The U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) is the Army’s premier laboratory for land forces. The Army relies on ARL for scientific discoveries, technological advances, and analyses that enable capabilities a future Army will need to persevere over adversaries. Although a relatively young organization that will celebrate 25 years of the discovery, innovation, and transition of science and technology in October 2017, ARL has already had significant impact in a wide range of scientific and technological disciplines. In this paper, we highlight some of its past and recent achievements in optics and photonics.
Integrative Behavioral Couple Therapy for Intercultural Couples: Helping Couples Navigate Cultural Differences

Integrative Behavioral Couple Therapy (IBCT), an empirically supported third-wave behavioral approach for the treatment of couples, is examined in this multiple case study. IBCT was developed to help couples navigate challenging differences, so this study examines its use with couples reporting problems arising from differences in self-identified cultural identities, practices, or beliefs. The experiences of three therapists using IBCT in their work with intercultural couples is examined. Each participating therapist in this study contributes by describing one case in which IBCT was used to help the couple with existing conflicts related to cultural differences. These descriptions, provided through written responses to open-ended questions, were examined using cross-case analysis. Results include descriptions of the various stressors faced by intercultural couples, therapists’ formulations of cultural differences, change processes and change mechanisms during treatment, and similarities and differences across therapists’ reports. Specific quotations that demonstrate main ideas and particularly poignant or useful information are integrated. The study concludes with participating therapists’ recommendations for treatment of intercultural couples in general, their recommendations for utilizing IBCT with intercultural couples, and implications for future research.
Dynamics of singlet-doublet collisions of cohesive particles

Abstract As a first step toward a more physical understanding of the outcome of collisions between cohesive agglomerates, the dynamics of a cohesive particle (singlet) impacting an agglomerate of two particles (doublet) are studied via DEM simulations. Four collision outcomes are observed in simulations, namely “agglomeration”, “bounce”, “transfer” and “breakage”. The occurrence of each outcome shows complex dependency on the pre-collisional configurations, which has four degrees of freedom that characterize the position and velocity of the singlet. Sweeping the parameter space of the pre-collisional configurations reveals the existence of oscillatory transitions across the different collision outcomes with increasing speed of the singlet, in contrast to the unique transition criterion for binary collisions. Detailed kinematical analysis indicates the oscillatory transitions are consequences of multiple, consecutive impacts between the singlet and the two particles in the doublet. By summarizing the numerical results in non-dimensional form, a general method is proposed to estimate the critical speeds of the singlet at the transition of collision outcomes. The findings provide insights on establishing closures for the kinetic theory-based continuum models coupled with population balance to predict the behavior of cohesive particles in granular and multiphase flows, which is of particular interest to engineers handling fine/wet powders where interparticle cohesion is not negligible.
Organizational Politics of Parental Engagement: The Intersections of School Reform, Anti-Immigration Policies, and Latinx Parent Organizing:

This article presents results from community-engaged research conducted with Latinx immigrant parents advocating for their students and themselves in and around an urban school engaged in multiple reforms, in a context affected by anti-immigrant policies and sentiments. The authors analyzed the intersection of organizing narratives related to formal school programs and activities of the parent group, examining the intersections, dissonances, and their micropolitical implications for authentic parental engagement. Results present elements of three distinct organizing narratives, as well as composite dialogues to demonstrate distinct narratives and the mechanisms by which parent interests are (re)positioned and/or evaded. This analysis reveals the ways in which the intersections of reform practices and local anti-immigration measures, which are disarticulated by school administrators, produce, at worst, mechanisms to marginalize immigrant parents and, at best, missed opportunities to authentically engage th...
Treatment of Spinal Cord Compression from Metastatic Thyroid Cancer

Spinal cord compression may occur from invasion of the primary tumor into the spinal canal or from growth of a vertebral metastasis. As described in the article by Ginsberg et al. (1982), spinal cord compression from extension of tumor from the primary site has been reported in patients with thyroid cancer. The subject of this chapter is the management of patients with spinal cord compression from growth of metastatic disease in a vertebral body or posterior element (Fig. 1). In general the management of spinal cord compression from metastatic thyroid cancer is the same as that for other types of cancer. Table 1 summarizes the important points from this chapter.
Impact of Procalcitonin Guidance with an Educational Program on Management of Adults Hospitalized with Pneumonia

Abstract Background Community-acquired pneumonia and healthcare-associated pneumonia are often treated with prolonged antibiotic therapy. Procalcitonin (PCT) has effectively and safely reduced antibiotic use for pneumonia in controlled studies. However, limited data exist regarding PCT guidance in real-world settings for management of pneumonia. Methods A retrospective, preintervention/postintervention study was conducted to compare management for patients admitted with pneumonia before and after implementation of PCT guidance at 2 teaching hospitals in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The preintervention period was March 1, 2014 through October 31, 2014, and the postintervention period was March, 1 2015 through October 31, 2015. Results A total of 152 and 232 patients were included in the preintervention and postintervention cohorts, respectively. When compared with the preintervention group, mean duration of therapy decreased (9.9 vs 6.0 days; P P P = .006). Pneumonia-related 30-day readmission rates (7.2% vs 4.3%; P = .26) were unaffected. In the postintervention group, patients with PCT levels 0.25 µg/L (4.6 vs 8.0 days; P P = .02). Conclusions In this real-world study, PCT guidance led to shorter durations of total antibiotic therapy and abridged inpatient length of stay without affecting hospital readmissions.
Global Analysis of the E. coli Toxin MazF Reveals Widespread Cleavage of mRNA and the Inhibition of rRNA Maturation and Ribosome Biogenesis.

Toxin-antitoxin systems are widely distributed genetic modules that regulate growth and persistence in bacteria. Many systems, including E. coli MazEF, include toxins that are endoribonucleases, but the full set of targets for these toxins remains poorly defined. Previous studies on a limited set of transcripts suggested that MazF creates a pool of leaderless mRNAs that are preferentially translated by specialized ribosomes created through MazF cleavage of mature 16S rRNA. Here, using paired-end RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and ribosome profiling, we provide a comprehensive, global analysis of MazF cleavage specificity and its targets. We find that MazF cleaves most transcripts at multiple sites within their coding regions, with very few full-length, leaderless mRNAs created. Additionally, our results demonstrate that MazF does not create a large pool of specialized ribosomes but instead rapidly disrupts ribosome biogenesis by targeting both ribosomal protein transcripts and rRNA precursors, helping to inhibit cell growth.
Biosynthesis and regulation of the yeast vacuolar H+-ATPase.

The yeast V-ATPase is highly similar to V-ATPases of higher organismsand has proved to be a biochemically and genetically accessible model formany aspects of V-ATPase function. Like other V-ATPases, the yeast enzymeconsists of a complex of peripheral membrane proteins, the V1sector, attached to a complex of integral membrane subunits, theV0 sector. Multiple pathways for biosynthetic assembly of theenzyme appear to be available to cells containing a full complement ofsubunits and enzyme activity may be further controlled during biosynthesis bya protease activity localized to the late Golgi apparatus. Surprisingly, theassembled V-ATPase is not a static structure. Instead, fully assembledV1V0 complexes appear to exist in a dynamic equilibriumwith inactive cytosolic V1 and membrane-bound V0complexes and this equilibrium can be rapidly shifted in response to changesin carbon source. The reversible disassembly of the yeast V-ATPase may be anovel regulatory mechanism, common to V-ATPases, that works in vivoin coordination with many other regulatory mechanisms.
Mechanical Properties of Three Candidate Organic Insulator Materials for Fusion Reactors

Insulators in superconducting magnets for fusion reactors will be exposed to radiation doses of 10 to 100 Mgy with more than half the dose coming from fast neutrons. One polyimide- and two epoxy-based laminates* were neutron irradiated to total doses of 2.6 and 4.1 × 1021 n/m2, E>0.1 MeV at 4.2 K in the Intense Pulsed Neutron Source at Argonne National Laboratory. Flexural properties were determined at 75 K and compared to results from previous studies of gamma irradiation effects at Oak Ridge National Laboratory.
Chloro-Organic Compounds in the Lower Fox River, Wisconsin

The Lower Fox River, Wisconsin is one of the most densely developed industrial river basins in the world. During 1976–77 about 250 samples were analyzed by GC and GC/MS including biota, sediments, river water and wastewaters from 15 pulp and/or paper mills and 12 sewage treatment plants. A total of 105 compounds were identified in selected extracts by GC/MS with another 20 compounds characterized but not conclusively identified. Twenty of the 105 compounds are on the EPA Priority Pollutant List. Other compounds identified in pulp and paper mill wastewaters, including chloro-guaiacols, chlorophenols, resin acids and chloro-resin acids have been reported toxic to fish by other investigators. Several compounds apparently not previously reported in wastewaters are chloro-syringaldehyde, chloroindole, trichlorodimethoxyphenol, and various 1–4 chlorinated isomers of bisphenol A. Concentrations of the various compounds, when present in final effluents, ranged from 0.5 to ca. 100 μg/L. An exception was dehydroabietic acid, a toxic resin acid not found on the EPA Priority Pollutant List. It was frequently found in pulp and paper mill effluents in concentrations ranging from 100 to 8500 μg/L. PCBs were found in all of the matrices sampled. Sixteen of the 35 fish exceeded the FDA limit of 5 mg/kg while 31 of the 35 exceeded the Canadian limit of 2 mg/kg. Concentrations of PCBs and other chloro-organics were related to point source discharges. There was a direct correlation of the concentrations of these compounds in wastewater with suspended solids values.
The TROY receptor is overexpressed in human glioblastoma multiforme and fosters glioma cell migration and tumor cell survival

1360 Glial tumors progress to malignant grades by heightened proliferation and relentless dispersion into normal brain. Understanding genetic and biochemical processes that foster these behaviors is likely to reveal specific and effective targets for therapeutic intervention. We have identified TROY / TNFRSF19 as a novel transmembrane receptor that is overexpressed in glioblastoma multiforme. TROY is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily. Unlike the classical TNFR members, TROY lacks a death domain but possesses a single TRAF binding domain. The interaction of TROY and TRAF proteins has been shown to promote cell survival via members of the Rho GTPases and NFκB pathway. Our data show that levels of TROY mRNA expression correlate with glial tumor grade; among malignant gliomas, TROY expression correlates inversely with overall patient survival. Additionally, migrating glioma cells in vitro and invading glioma cells in vivo express high levels of TROY mRNA and harbor an abundance of TROY protein product. Depletion of TROY expression by siRNA oligonucleotides reduces glioma cell migration and invasion. These findings suggest that TROY participated directly or indirectly in biochemical pathways that influence glioma cell motility and invasion. Understanding the function of TROY in glioma biology may lead to the development of effective therapies against invasive gliomas. (Supported by Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award F32 CA112986-01 and NIH NS42263).
Global Sexual Violence

This chapter examines how sexual violence is defined, how it exists on a global scale and why it is a significant global health concern. It examines the various forms that sexual violence takes such as sexual harassment, stalking, rape, sexual assault and human trafficking. There is also an exploration and discussion of specific regions, countries and case studies where there are higher and lower rates of sexual violence and potential risk factors that may affect those rates. Following this is a discussion of the actions or lack of actions that have been taken globally to address sexual violence concerns and how the face of this issue has changed over time and future directions it may go. Adapted excerpts from interviews and individuals the author has encountered in France, India, Syria, Mali, Ghana, Tanzania and the United States from survivors of sexual violence are included to provide a better understanding of the lived experience of survivors.
The Impact of Socioeconomic Status on Outcomes Following Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation at a Single Center

Purpose Pre-operative assessment for LVAD patients often considers strong social support, counseling, and health literacy. Here, we examine how socioeconomic status (SES) plays a role in LVAD use and outcomes at a single institution. Methods Patients were identified using the institution's medical records. The Distressed Communities Index (DCI) Score was utilized to assess for SES. The DCI incorporates education, poverty, unemployment, income, undomiciled status, and changes in employment or establishment. The score was used as both a continuous variable (from 0.0 to 100.0) and a categorical variable based on SES quintiles: Prosperous, Comfortable, Mid-Tier, At-Risk, and Distressed. Pre- and post-implantation characteristics and outcomes were analyzed. Results There were 426 patients who received a durable LVAD during 2012-2019. Patients were identified by DCI quintile: Prosperous (n=132), Comfortable (n=101), Mid-Tier (n=87), At-Risk (n=73), and Distressed (n=33), (p Conclusion Patients with higher SES were more likely to receive an LVAD as treatment for refractory heart failure. Differences in socioeconomic status did not have an association with post-implantation outcomes.
Case Study: A Quantitative Report of Early Attention, Fear, Disgust, and Avoidance in Specific Phobia for Buttons

Abstract Specific phobia is characterized by elevated early attention to the phobic object, negative emotion, and avoidance. Typically, phobic objects are biologically relevant, such as potentially threatening snakes or spiders, or potentially contaminating needles or rodents. It is unclear whether the same early attention, emotion, and avoidance responses can be observed in phobia for uncommon, nonbiologically relevant objects, such as buttons (koumpounophobia). In an experimental case study, we measured early attention (detection rates to briefly presented images before a backward mask), emotion, and avoidance to clothing buttons in a button-phobic participant. We compared these responses to nonphobic objects (zippers), and to well-matched control participants. We observed elevated early attention, fear, and disgust to buttons, which did not generalize to nonphobic emotional stimuli. In addition, we observed elevated avoidance of buttons, which did generalize to normatively fearful and disgusting pictures. If replicated, our results indicate that nonbiologically prepared phobic objects elicit similar elevated early attention, emotion, and avoidance as biologically prepared phobic objects. The finding that avoidance was the only response that generalized to nonphobic objects may have treatment implications—namely, that therapeutic attempts to reduce avoidance might consider including a variety of objects, not just the phobic object.
Cathode–Sulfide Solid Electrolyte Interfacial Instability: Challenges and Solutions

All-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) are a candidate for next-generation energy-storage technology due to potential improvements in energy density and safety compared to current conventional technologies. Due to their high ionic conductivity and potential scalability through traditional slurry processing sulfide electrolytes are a very promising candidate to replace traditional liquid electrolytes and enable all-solid-state batteries. Yet, there remain many issues with regards to high interfacial resistance at the solid-solid electrode-electrolyte interfaces. A combination of chemo-mechanical, electrochemical, and chemical processes govern charge transfer at both the cathodic and anodic interfaces. This review will present and summarize recent strategies used to limit the interfacial resistance at both the cathodic and anodic interfaces with regards to sulfide-based all-solid-state batteries.
Strategic Responses to Neo-Populism

Populism is no longer a business risk confined to emerging markets. In fact, measured by the share of votes for anti-establishment parties, populism in developed economies is at its highest levels since the 1930s. Given the multiplicity of factors driving this “neo-populism” and the type of institutions shaping its evolution, multinational corporations (MNCs) need to respond to it differently than they have to classical populism. Neo-populism is directly or indirectly costing MNCs profit margins, customer loyalty, strategic footholds, and talented employees. It is manifested in Brexit, Italy’s recent elections, the Trump administration’s trade war, and populist party control of parliamentary seats in many European countries. It is leading to stringent security reviews of foreign acquisitions in the US and Europe and to fears of tightening immigrant policies. However, little practical advice is available regarding how to navigate these hazards. In this article, we discuss several ways that MNCs can weather neo-populism: (1) resetting risk scenario-planning differently than in classic populist regimes, (2) ramping-up creative stakeholder-engagement, (3) timing high-profile M&A better, and (4) localizing smarter.
Biofilm addition improves sand strength over a wide range of saturations.

Bio-mediated ground improvement is an attractive alternative to traditional admixtures for strength improvement of shallow surfaces because it is environmentally friendly. Since biofilms contain extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), they can be considered as an alternative to current technologies to improve soil strength. EPS containing biofilms are porous materials with charged surfaces, and therefore adsorption and capillary condensation can result in water retention. Currently, most of the literature work only tested soil improvement under the dry condition. Therefore, the influence of water retention by biofilms on the strength of improved soil remains unclear. Our goal is to evaluate the strength of a biofilm-enhanced sand over a wide range of saturations and explain the trends through the suction stress characteristic curve (SSCC), which quantifies interparticle adsorptive, capillary, and cementation forces as a function of saturation. We used homogenized anaerobic granule biofilms from an existing upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor and mixed it with sand to test the strength of a poorly-graded sand in a wide range of saturations, S (between 0.02 S and 0.74 S). We found that biofilm treatment of sand increases soil strength through cementation over a wide range of saturations and through adsorptive forces among sand, biofilm surfaces, and water molecules at low saturations (S < ~0.3). Our results suggested that homogenized biofilms mixed with sand can be used to improve the strength of sand over a wide range of saturations.
Teaching and learning HPC through serious games

Abstract Serious games provide pathways for learners to develop intuition about concepts that are new to them. Such games are especially valuable in an educational context because they engage students in active learning and provide a means for students to develop mental models from their experiences. Furthermore, for short term learning experiences, such as informal, ungraded workshops, they act as ice-breaker activities that help build a sense of community among disparate learners. Collaborative games also spawn peer-to-peer discussion. These student experiences generally lead to deeper questions and discussions that allow instructors to uncover more concepts and clarify misunderstandings, all of which reinforce learning. The authors have created and incorporated role playing games within informal High Performance Computing (HPC) courses to provide students with tangible hands-on experiences with HPC concepts. All of the games are designed so that learners work collaboratively and take on a role associated with an HPC system. Engaging in the role playing highlights the strengths, weaknesses, and challenges of HPC. In this article we describe the games, how they were integrated into HPC courses, both in-person and virtual, and the lessons learned by both students and instructors. Though played with professional and university learners, the games are easily generalized to other cohorts.
Time to Proficiency in the NICU

Background: Respiratory therapy expertise is central to quality patient care in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). According to Benner’s Stages of Clinical Competence, healthcare providers pass through 5 level of proficiency: novice, advanced beginner, competent, proficient, and expert. Prior and during orientation, orientees are novice to the area they scheduled to orient in. This does not mean they do not have knowledge, but rather that they lack the fundamental competencies to work in that area. Staff that have completed a basic orientation progress from novice to advanced beginner during resourcing, advance to competent when resourcing in that area is complete, and grow in proficiency over time. The goal of this project was to determine the length of time is takes a NICU respiratory therapy orientee to reach self-proclaimed proficiency; defined as being confident in their ability to care for NICU patients, complete NICU tasks without assistance, and understand the pathophysiology of NICU diseases Methods: All respiratory therapists with a minimum of 1 year respiratory therapy experience who began NICU orientation between May 2016 and May 2018 completed a voluntary online self-assessment regarding ability to perform skills and knowledge of disease processes directly before orientation, after orientation, one year after orientation and two years after orientation. Education included 12 h of didactic, 20 online learning modules, 4 h hands-on equipment, with competencies and checkoffs consistent throughout. Results: Voluntary online participants (N = 55) pre orientation self-professed ability to care for a neonate based on skills and knowledge ranged 1–3 (2.5 average) with 1 being limited ability and 5 being able to independently complete all tasks and understand the care required. Post orientation (n = 49) ability to care for a neonate ranged from 3.0–4.0 (3.50 average), one year post (n = 52) ability to care for a neonate ranged from 3.5–4.5 (4.0 average, and two years post orientation (n = 48) 4.0–5.0 (4.75 average). Conclusions: While orientation consists of brief education, some didactic, equipment, and getting the competencies and checkoffs completed within a brief period of time, actually growing therapists’ knowledge takes time and effort. Before we can expect our therapists to be completely functional, and comfortable, in a unit we need to provide additional education, opportunities, and experiences with other trained professionals as resources until they can reach proficiency.
Emotional intelligence predicts wise reasoning

Emotional intelligence (EI) and wisdom are psychological capacities claimed to be important foundations for positive social interactions, thus promoting human flourishing. Prior theorizations sugge...
Wood Composite Laminates

General composition, materials, and processes used to manufacture laminated wood composites are described in this article. Commonly used structural composite lumbers intended for structural and nonstructural applications, the mechanical properties of these types of laminated wood composites, and their performance standards are presented and discussed. Keywords: plywood; glulam; stuctural composite lumber; laminated wood composites; composite
Solution of the MFIE using curl-conforming basis functions

The edge elements widely used with the vector Helmholtz equation are known as curl-conforming functions, since they exhibit a bounded curl. That operator involves the curl of the field under consideration. In two dimensions, the divergence-conforming RWG functions and the curl-conforming edge elements are closely related: one is the cross-product of the other with a normal vector to the two-dimensional surface. While much attention has been directed toward solutions of the EFIE, less attention has been paid to the tangential-field MFIE. The purpose of this paper is to explore the use of curl-conforming bases for use with the MFIE.