cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 1048: Genomic analysis of patients with relapsed ovarian cancer enrolled in a phase II trial of nivolumab and bevacizumab

We analyzed genomic alterations in patients with relapsed ovarian cancer treated with combined nivolumab and bevacizumab in a phase II clinical trial, in order to identify potential biomarkers of response. Thirty-eight patients were treated with nivolumab and bevacizumab and the previously reported overall response rate was 28.9% (Liu et al, JAMA Oncology, 2019). Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded patient tumor samples (acquired pre-treatment) underwent whole-exome sequencing, followed by quality control filtering and analysis of mutations, insertions/deletions, copy-number alterations, and mutational signatures using established methods. Differences in genomic event rates were assessed between response groups, as defined by presence or absence of objective response or clinical benefit. We describe the genomic alterations in all patients treated with nivolumab and bevacizumab, including several long-term responders with treatment duration >24 months. The observed alterations in the patient cohort reflected known patterns of common mutations (e.g. TP53) and copy-number alterations (e.g. MYC amplification) in ovarian cancer. Within the limits of sample size, no significant differences in frequency of specific mutations were observed between response groups, with the possible exception of mutations in SETD1B, a histone methyltransferase, which were more frequent in the subset of patients lacking clinical benefit. BRCA1/2 mutation rate was similar between groups. Tumor mutational burden was not significantly different between groups. Initial exploratory analysis for copy-number alterations did not reveal genes with differential copy-number alterations between the response groups, and further analyses of copy-number alterations and mutational signatures are in progress. In summary, we describe genomic biomarker analysis from tumors of patients with relapsed ovarian cancer receiving treatment with nivolumab and bevacizumab. Taken together, we did not identify genomic alterations that clearly distinguish responding and non-responding patients in the data evaluated to date. Analysis of targeted RNA-sequencing data is planned as a next step. Further studies are needed to identify genomic or transcriptomic biomarkers of responses to checkpoint blockade and anti-angiogenic therapy in ovarian cancer. Citation Format: Elizabeth H. Stover, Svitlana Tyekucheva, Yiwen Liu, Jennifer D. Curtis, Richard T. Penson, Joyce F. Liu. Genomic analysis of patients with relapsed ovarian cancer enrolled in a phase II trial of nivolumab and bevacizumab [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 1048.
Life in the Time of COVID-19: a Case Study of Community Health.

This report uses a present day global pandemic as a case study of health inequities that are best understood by considering the role of time and place. I provide a historical overview of Milwaukee, Wisconsin—one of the most segregated cities in the U.S.—to consider prior health disparities and social conditions. I then focus on COVID-19, tracking the monthly census tract distribution of cases for 6 months, including case and mortality data by race and class. As expected, Black and Hispanic majority census tracts are the most affected by COVID-19, with some communities experiencing nearly 1 positive case per 10 residents. In previous years, Blacks and Hispanics provided approximately 27% and 3% of the shares of “natural” deaths, respectively; their shares of COVID-19 deaths in the first 6 months of the pandemic were approximately 35% and 13%. On the contrary, the share of natural deaths for whites was approximately 65% in previous years and dropped to 47% for COVID-19 deaths. The average ages of COVID-19 deaths were 72.5 for Blacks, 61.3 for Hispanics, and 79.9 for whites. The disparities in COVID-19 outcomes in Milwaukee cannot be separated from historical forces, including race-based politics that intensified during the Great Migration of African Americans from the Jim Crow South. The paper concludes by returning to the turn of the 19th century with a historical snapshot of Jane Addams, who lived a short distance south, in a time with conspicuous parallels to the COVID-19 crisis.
How Globalization Spurs Terrorism: The Lopsided Benefits of One World and Why That Fuels Violence

Preface Chapter 1. A dangerous new world Chapter 2. The psychological citizen and globalization Chapter 3. Universal needs and the psychological roots of radicalization and terrorism Chapter 4. One world: Globalization as ideal Chapter 5. Fractured globalization: Globalization in practice Chapter 6. Intergroup contact and catastrophic evolution Chapter 7. Threatened identities, change and globalization Chapter 8. Universal rights and duties as explosive threats Chapter 9. The American Dilemma becomes global Afterward. The veiled solitude: Women as the solution References Notes
Thomas Wentworth Higginson

(1971). Thomas Wentworth Higginson. Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation: Vol. 42, No. 2, pp. 30-33.
Hatching mechanism and delayed hatching of the eggs of three broadcast spawning euphausiid species under laboratory conditions

Three different egg hatching mechanisms were observed under laboratory conditions in Euphausia pacifica Hansen, Thysanoessa spinifera Holmes and Thysanoessa inspinata Nemoto: backward, forward and flipping. Like all broadcast spawning euphausiids, these species usually hatch as nauplius 1 (N1). Some hours before hatching the vitelline membrane breaks and the embryo is freely suspended within the chorion; later the embryo takes on a slightly oval shape. When ready to hatch, the N1 pushes against the chorion with the posterior part of the abdomen producing a protuberance. No spine or egg tooth is present to break the chorion. The pressure breaks the chorion, and the nauplius pushes itself backwards with the first and second antennae and mandible to slide from the chorion. After about three quarters of the body is outside, the nauplius brings all the appendages together to move backwards without becoming stuck in the chorion. This is the backward hatching mechanism. The vitelline membrane remains within the egg after the nauplius leaves the chorion. Hatching takes 5-20 s, and most of the eggs in a clutch hatch during 200 h after spawning) or as calyptopis 1 (Cl) stage (>232 h), rather than as N1. Delayed hatching of embryos also was observed in T spinifera as nauplius 2 (N2) (>120 h) or as MN stage (>180 h), and in T. inspinata as N2 (106 h) after spawning. Eggs with larvae in stages of development beyond N1 have not been observed from preserved zooplankton samples. However, eggs spawned in the field and incubated in the laboratory also had extended development and late hatching but with low frequency (<0.06%). It is proposed that, if the backward hatching mechanism fails, alternate hatching mechanisms can be used by the euphausiid. There is high flexibility in their hatching modes. The N2 and MN break the chorion with the first and second antennae, hatching forwards, and the Cl breaks it with the telson spines and by flipping of the abdomen, resembling the decapod hatching mechanism. Delayed hatching using the forward and flipping mechanisms were associated with low hatching success in comparison with the backward hatching mechanism.
Presidential Party, incumbency, and the effects of economic fluctuations on House Elections, 1916-1996 *

There is little professional consensusregarding the effect of economic conditionson House Elections. We argue that recentwork still uses the paradigm of Party toorganize their data and tests. Given thatrecent developments in the theory ofcongress emphasize the paradigm ofIncumbency, we investigate the empiricalrelevance of that competing paradigm. Weshow that (1) Incumbency matters in a purePresidential Party Model of HouseElections, (2) Presidential Party mattersin a pure Incumbency Model, (3) Once bothParty and Incumbency are accounted for,economic conditions exert a highlysignificant and temporally stable influenceon House elections, (4) Return Rates aremore affected by economic fluctuations thanare Vote Shares, and (5) Not allPresidential Party incumbents face the samedegree of electoral accountability foreconomic fluctuations.
Ground-based Microlensing Surveys

Microlensing is a proven extrasolar planet search method that has already yielded the detection of four exoplanets. These detections have changed our understanding of planet formation ``beyond the snowline'' by demonstrating that Neptune-mass planets with separations of several AU are common. Microlensing is sensitive to planets that are generally inaccessible to other methods, in particular cool planets at or beyond the snowline, very low-mass (i.e. terrestrial) planets, planets orbiting low-mass stars, free-floating planets, and even planets in external galaxies. Such planets can provide critical constraints on models of planet formation, and therefore the next generation of extrasolar planet searches should include an aggressive and well-funded microlensing component. When combined with the results from other complementary surveys, next generation microlensing surveys can yield an accurate and complete census of the frequency and properties of planets, and in particular low-mass terrestrial planets.
The Triumph and Tribulation of System Stabilization

We give a concise outline of the theory of system stabilization. Our primary objective is to demonstrate the richness, depth, and ultimately the utility of this beautiful theory. Our secondary objective is to identify a number of problems that arise in the theory, and so highlight several research directions that can be pursued in the future. The stabilization of a system is defined as the ability of the system to converge to a closed (under execution) set of system states. We identify two forms of convergence (strong and weak) and two forms of closed sets of states (strong and weak), and so we end up with four forms of stabilization. The outlined theory is based on these four forms of stabilization.
Preoperative anesthetic evaluation and clinical decision making

In the past decade alone, the portion of the US population aged 65 and over has grown to over 40 million people, representing a 15.1 % increase from 2000 to 2010, and comprising 13 % of the total population. In contrast, the portions of the population under age 18 and age 18–45 increased by only 2.6 % and 0.6 %, respectively. Given that half of all surgical procedures are performed in patients aged 65 years or older, healthcare providers involved in the perioperative treatment of patients must be familiar with the issues and concerns particular to geriatric patients. Patients undergoing urologic procedures tend to be older and have an array of complex comorbidities. This chapter will review key issues in the preoperative evaluation of older adults undergoing urologic surgical procedures.
Adjuvant chemotherapy for stage III colon cancer in the oldest old: results beyond clinical guidelines.

BACKGROUND: Randomized trials demonstrating the benefits of chemotherapy in patients with American Joint Committee on Cancer stage III colon cancer underrepresent persons aged ≥ 75 years. The generalizability of these studies to a growing elderly population remains unknown. METHODS: Using the California Cancer Registry for 1994 through 2008, the authors conducted a population-based study of postcolectomy patients aged 50 years to 94 years with stage III (N1M0) colon adenocarcinoma. A 2-sided chi-square test and Cochran-Armitage test for trend were used to compare patient and tumor characteristics associated with receipt of chemotherapy across age groups. Multivariate regression was used to assess the association between older age and receipt of chemotherapy. Kaplan-Meier methods and Cox proportional hazards modeling were used to evaluate the association between chemotherapy and mortality, with propensity score adjustment. RESULTS: Approximately 44% (12,382 patients) of the study cohort was aged ≥ 75 years. Persons aged ≥ 75 years were found to be less likely to have received adjuvant chemotherapy than those aged < 75 years (30% vs 68% in patients aged 50 years-74 years; P < .0001). On multivariate analysis, patients aged 75 years to 84 years were 13 times less likely, and those aged 85 years to 94 years were 24 times less likely, to have received chemotherapy as patients aged 50 years to 64 years. Nevertheless, age-stratified multivariate survival analyses indicated that chemotherapy provided comparable mortality reduction across age groups. CONCLUSIONS: The percentage of persons aged ≥ 75 years receiving adjuvant chemotherapy remains low despite demonstrated survival benefits. These findings deserve attention within the context of a patient's life expectancy, underlying comorbidities, and performance status, as well as clinician bias. The results of the current study support the call for phase II/III studies assessing the toxicities and benefits of adjuvant chemotherapy for the treatment of stage III colon cancer in the elderly. Cancer 2013. © 2012 American Cancer Society
B cells in rheumatoid synovitis

In rheumatoid arthritis, T cells, B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells invade the synovial membranes, establishing complex microstructures that promote inflammatory/tissue destructive lesions. B cell involvement has been considered to be limited to autoantibody production. However, recent studies suggest that B cells support rheumatoid disease through other mechanisms. A critical element of rheumatoid synovitis is the process of ectopic lymphoid neogenesis, with highly efficient lymphoid architectures established in a nonlymphoid tissue site. Rheumatoid synovitis recapitulates the pathways of lymph node formation, and B cells play a key role in this process. Furthermore, studies of rheumatoid lesions implanted in immunodeficient mice suggest that T cell activation in synovitis is B cell dependent, indicating the role played by B cells in presenting antigens and providing survival signals.
A new image segmentation technique using maximum spanning tree

An alternative to the gradient-based image segmentation methods are those methods that use eigenvectors based on an affinity matrix built from pairwise pixel similarity. In this paper, we describe a new image segmentation algorithm using the maximum spanning tree. Our method works on the affinity matrix; however, instead of computing eigenvalues and eigenvectors, we show that image segmentation could be transformed into an optimization problem: finding the maximum spanning tree of the graph with image pixels as vertices and pairwise similarities as weights. The experimental results on synthetic and real data show good performance of this algorithm.
Microbiological safety of porcine islets: comparison with source pig

Abrahante JE, Martins K, Papas KK, Hering BJ, Schuurman H-J, Murtaugh MP. Microbiological safety of porcine islets: comparison with source pig. Xenotransplantation 2011; 18: 88–93. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Abstract: Background: Pig islet donors intended for clinical xenotransplantation for the treatment of diabetes must meet stringent conditions. Among others, viruses with the potential to cross the species barrier should be excluded from the herd: this list includes encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), hepatitis E virus (HEV), porcine cytomegalovirus (PCMV) and porcine γ-lymphotropic herpesvirus (PLHV). As an islet product is isolated from the pancreas and then subjected to culture before implantation, the question is raised whether islets could be negative even if the animal itself is positive for a distinct pathogen. Methods: To answer this question, sensitive quantitative real-time PCR assays were established for EMCV, HEV, PCMV and PLHV. Twelve adult animals from a high-hygienic herd were then evaluated; testing tissues, where the virus is expected to reside in latent infection, testing islets immediately after isolation, and then isolated islets after a 7-day culture. Results: None of the tissues tested positive for EMCV, HEV or PLHV. PCMV was observed in spleen tissue from six animals: three of these six animals were positive for isolated islets, and two of these three cases were also positive for islets after culture. Older animals in particular showed positivity, and within a given litter not all animals were PCMV positive. Conclusions: These data fit with spread through the herd by horizontal transmission, not in utero infection. PCMV has to be excluded from the herd to ensure that islets for transplantation are negative for PCMV.
Localization of plasmidlike DNA in giant-celled marine green algae

Novel extrachromosomal DNA molecules were localized in giant-celled marine green algae by organelle isolation and fluorescence in situ hybridization methodologies. Nucleic acids extracted from isolated chloroplasts ofErnodesmis verticillata andVentricaria ventricosa were greatly enriched in plasmidlike DNA species. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was employed to resolve further the subcellular location of these molecules. Cloned restriction fragments of the algal plasmidlike DNA hybridized solely to low-molecular-weight DNA in Southern blots; they did not hybridize to any chromosomal DNA. Probes were generated from these clones that either did (“Northern-positive”) or did not (“Northern-negative”) hybridize to RNA species in Northern blots. Probes specific for localizing the plasmidlike DNA were generated from the latter clones, whereas probes potentially localizing both DNA and relevant mRNA species were generated from the former ones. After hybridization and signal amplification via indirect immunofluorescence, fluorescent punctae were visible surrounding the single pyrenoid in each chloroplast with both types of probes. The punctae were arranged in a hollow spherical configuration, as resolved by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Nearly twice as many punctae per chloroplast were present inV. ventricosa (11.5) as there were inE. verticillata (6.0). The differential distribution of plasmidlike DNA within each chloroplast was in contrast to chloroplast chromosomal DNA, which occurred as multiple nucleoids scattered throughout the entire organelle. The localization of plasmidlike DNA within chloroplasts correlates well with previous sequence data indicating that these molecules contain putative open reading frames encoding protein components of photosystems I and II.
Measuring e-Commerce Technology Enabled Business Value: An Exploratory Research

While a plethora of anecdotal evidence exists, there is little empirical evidence on the value-creating potential of e-commerce technologies. The present research investigates whether firms using e-commerce technologies are successful in generating business value and, if so, what e-commerce drivers determine success and how to best use these drivers. This work shows how diffusion theory can be used to analyze the wide-spread utilization of e-commerce technologies and how they create business value. It presents an exploratory model of e-commerce business value grounded in information technology (IT) business value and productivity literature. We use a sample from more than 550 company executives, identified as innovative and successful users of IT.
Idiopathic hypercalciuria: Association with isolated hematuria and risk for urolithiasis in children

A prospective multicenter study was designed to determine the frequency and prognostic importance of hypercalciuria in children with hematuria. Urinary calcium excretion was examined in 215 patients with unexplained isolated hematuria (no proteinuria, urolithiasis, infection or systemic disorder). Hypercalciuria (urinary calcium excretion greater than 4 mg/kg/day) was identified in 76 patients (35%). Compared to patients with normal urinary calcium excretion, children with hematuria and hypercalciuria were characterized by male preponderance, white race, family history of urolithiasis, gross hematuria and calcium oxalate crystals. Renal biopsies were performed in 10 patients with urinary calcium excretion 0.4 to 2.5 mg/kg/day; three had IgA glomerulonephritis, three had glomerular basement membrane thinning, one had proliferative glomerulonephritis and three were normal. Renal biopsies in three patients with hypercalciuria showed focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, hereditary nephritis or no abnormalities. Oral calcium loading tests showed renal hypercalciuria in 26 patients, absorptive hypercalciuria in 15 patients and were not diagnostic in 35 patients. Serum parathyroid hormone, bicarbonate and phosphorus and urinary cyclic adenosine monophosphate concentrations were similar in the three groups of hypercalciuric patients. Urinary calcium excretion after one week of dietary calcium restriction was higher (5.8 mg/kg/day) in renal hypercalciuria than in other hypercalciuric patients (3.4 mg/kg/day), P less than 0.01. One to four years follow-up was available for 184 patients. Eight of 60 hypercalciuric patients developed urolithiasis or renal colic compared to 2 of 124 patients with normal urinary calcium excretion (P less than 0.001). Hypercalciuria is commonly associated with isolated hematuria and represents a risk factor for future urolithiasis in children with hematuria.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Unlocking the Aggregate Data Past—Which Key Fits?

(2001). Unlocking the Aggregate Data Past—Which Key Fits? Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History: Vol. 34, No. 4, pp. 159-169.
A synchronous rearing method for Blissus insularis (Hemiptera: Blissidae).

The southern chinch bug, Blissus insularis Barber (Hemiptera: Blissidae), is the most destructive insect pest of St. Augustinegrass, Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze. Management of B. insulaiis has depended on frequent insecticide applications, which has resulted in populations becoming resistant to several insecticide classes. To facilitate developing a resistance management program for this pest, it is necessary to develop methods to rear insects of known age, generation, and pesticide exposure history. Synchronized rearing methods were developed after testing five different laboratory methods. The use of glass jars and a combined diet of fresh corn, Zea mays L., cob and St. Augustinegrass proved to be best for producing B. insuhris of known age and generation. Body size was consistent over nine generations of rearing. Production of a high proportion of brachypterous B. insuhris (the nondispersal adult form) also suggests that populations were not stressed during laboratory rearing. This work presents the first successful synchronized rearing method for B. insuhris.
The relationship between lifestyle and self-reported oral health among American adults.

Objectives Whereas an unhealthy lifestyle is a risk factor for chronic disease, its relationship to self-reported oral health is unclear. This paper studies this relationship among American adults using two dimensions of self-reported oral health, namely: (1) the extent to which a person's teeth are in poor condition, simply called ‘bad teeth’; (2) the occurrences of negative consequences of poor oral health, simply called ‘bad experience’. The main purpose of this study is to describe and assess their relationship to four markers of lifestyles and to use the results to make recommendations on improving oral health. Methods Data were obtained from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005–2006. A series of logistic regression models quantified the associations between lifestyle markers with self-reported oral health. Results Our major findings are that: (1) individuals who smoked every day were significantly more likely to have bad teeth and a bad oral experience than non-smokers, with risk ratios of 1.61 (95% CI 1.36, 1.92) and 1.50 (95% CI 1.24, 1.8), respectively; (2) individuals who had poor diets were more likely to report bad teeth and have bad oral experiences than those who had excellent diets, with risk ratios of 4.22 (95% CI 2.8, 6.28) and 2.88 (95% CI 1.83, 4.55), respectively, both comparisons adjusted for other demographic variables. Conclusions These results suggest that self-reported indicators of oral health could be used to guide people in making improvements in their life style that could result in better oral health, especially for disadvantaged individuals.
Science, Education, and the Fisheries Scientist

Abstract Fisheries science faces the prospect of a shrinking pool of qualified recruits at the same time demand is increasing for its scientists. The traditional approach to educating the fisheries scientist typically immerses the student in issues and techniques specific to fisheries, often at the expense of a solid foundation in the basic sciences, especially biology, chemistry, and applied mathematics. Specialization is no substitute for a broad foundation in basic science and mathematics—such a foundation is essential to effectiveness in modern fisheries science. Consequently, the traditional approach to educating fisheries scientists may not serve the best interests of the fisheries profession. I propose an alternative approach that emphasizes undergraduate exposure to the basic sciences and development of quantitative skills, postponing fisheries specialization until advanced graduate school (primarily via the thesis or dissertation) or employment training. Such an approach will be costly in the sho...
Structure and properties of cobalt ortho-phenylenediacetate coordination polymers with rigid dipyridyl ligands

Abstract Divalent cobalt coordination polymers containing both ortho-phenylenediacetate (ophda) and rigid dipyridyl ligands 4,4′-bipyridine (bpy) or 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene (dpee) display different topologies depending on carboxylate binding mode, tether length, and inclusion of charged species. [Co(ophda)(H2O)(dpee)]n (1) displays a common (4,4) grid layer motif. Use of the shorter bpy tether afforded {[Co2(ophda)2(bpy)3(H2O)2][Co(bpy)2(H2O)4](NO3)2·2bpy·7H2O}n (2) or [Co(ophda)(bpy)]n (3) depending on cobalt precursor. Compound 2 manifests 5-connected [Co2(ophda)2(bpy)3(H2O)2]n pillared bilayer slabs with rare 4862 SnS topology and entrained [Co(bpy)2(H2O)4]2+ complex cations. The 3-D coordination polymer 3 has an uncommon 4,6-connected binodal (4462)(446108) fsc topology, and shows ferromagnetic coupling (J = +1.5(2) cm−1) along 1-D spiro-fused [Co(OCO)2]n chain submotifs.
Path planning with probabilistic roadmaps and co-safe linear temporal logic

Linear Temporal Logic makes it possible to express tasks in terms of propositions, logical connectives, and temporal connectives. This paper shows how to incorporate a subclass of LTL, namely co-safe LTL, into Probabilistic RoadMap (PRM) path planners. PRMs provide an important class of approaches which have been shown to work well for high-dimensional configuration spaces. The proposed Temporal-PRM approach combines the roadmap with a finite automaton representing the co-safe LTL formula φ and conducts the search over the combined graph. As a result, roadmap connections are reused when needed to find paths that satisfy φ. Experimental validation is provided in simulation by using different scenes, co-safe LTL specifications, a snake-like robot model with numerous degrees-of-freedom, and different sampling strategies.
Analysis of the Relative Efficacy of Self-Monitoring and Feedback in the Development of Emotion Adjectives with Hearing-Impaired Persons:

This investigation compared the relative efficacy of two instructional procedures-self-monitoring and feedback-on the use of emotion adjectives by hearing- impaired individuals in conversational settings. A multiple-baseline analysis indicated that self-monitoring resulted in use of emotion adjectives by the hearing- impaired participants at a level that was comparable to levels demonstrated by normally hearing peers. Implications of this study for both current practice and future research are discussed.
Patterns of Communications in the Multinational Corporation: An Empirical Study

The effects of communications between subsidiaries and home offices are evaluated in this study of sixty-three multinational corporations. Chief executives of Brazilian subsidiaries of MNCs headquartered in Europe, Japan and North America were interviewed to determine the volume of home office-subsidiary communications and its impact on home-office understanding. Results indicate that home offices might well devote greater effort to procedures for handling subsidiary reports and to the relevance of outgoing communications. Japanese MNCs, being relatively new to overseas manufacturing, experience far more problems with communications than either Americans or European companies.
Histological Localization of Phosphorothioate Oligodeoxynucleotides in Normal Rodent Tissue

Abstract The distribution of phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides (P=S ODN) in rodent tissues was studied in vivo using three histological methods: direct fluorescence microscopy; immunohistochemistry; and autoradiography. All three methods gave essentially the same pattern of oligonucleotide localization in the tissues studied, and the histological results correlate well with those from radiochemical and biochemical studies of P=S ODN distribution.
Reinforced Concrete Wide-Beam Construction vs. Conventional Construction: Resistance to Lateral Earthquake Loads

Abstract Experiments and analyses were conducted to address concerns about performance of reinforced concrete connections with shallow, wide beams subjected to lateral earthquake loading and to compare behavior of wide beam connections to that of conventional connections. Two wide beam‐column‐slab connections and one conventional beam‐column‐slab connection were subjected to cycles of reversing lateral displacements up to 5% drift. The conventional beam and wide beam connections exhibited similar overall load‐displacement behavior, with similar beam plastic hinge development. The wide beam connections dissipated almost as much energy as the conventional beam connection and had greater slab participation and less joint and beam shear cracking than the conventional beam connection. Experimentally determined wide beam connection stiffness was closer to the conventional beam connection stiffness than had been predicted. Refined models were developed, with features such as rigid end offsets for wide beam conne...
Nature of natural killer cell hyporesponsiveness in the Chediak-Higashi syndrome

Abstract Two unrelated Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS) patients in the prelymphomatous phase and their families were tissue typed and tested for their immune functions including natural killer cell (NK) activity. NK activity was assessed by the conventional 4 hr chromium release assay and by a newly developed single cell liquid cytotoxic assay (SLA). SLA permits the simultaneous study of the overall binding of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PMNC) to the targets and the number of lytic conjugates. As expected, both CHS patients had low NK activity although their family members, including an HLA-identical sibling, were well within normal range. When tested with SLA, the percent total binding of the patient's PMNC was normal, but the number of lytic conjugates was lower than the normal controls. None of the patients had the A3,B7 haplotype which had been previously implicated in NK-hyporesponsiveness. T (including T helper and T suppressor cells) and B lymphocyte functions were normal (as assessed by nitrogen stimulation, mixed lymphocyte reaction, and immunoglobulin synthesis). Our results suggest that CHS: (1) is not due to impaired target binding, and (2) is mainly due to low lytic efficiency of mature NK cells.
SHARE 2012: Subpixel detection and unmixing experiments

The quantitative evaluation of algorithms applied to remotely sensed hyperspectral imagery require data sets with known ground truth. A recent data collection known as SHARE 2012, conducted by scientists in the Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Laboratory at the Rochester Institute of Technology together with several outside collaborators, acquired hyperspectral data with this goal in mind. Several experiments were designed, deployed, and ground truth collected to support algorithm evaluation. In this paper, we describe two experiments that addressed the particular needs for the evaluation of subpixel detection and unmixing algorithms. The subpixel detection experiment involved the deployment of dozens of nearly identical subpixel targets in a random spatial array. The subpixel targets were pieces of wood painted either green or yellow. They were sized to occupy about 5% to 20% of the 1 m pixels. The unmixing experiment used novel targets with prescribed fractions of different materials based on a geometric arrangement of subpixel patterns. These targets were made up of different fabrics with various colors. Whole pixel swatches of the same materials were also deployed in the scene to provide in-scene endmembers. Alternatively, researchers can use the unmixing targets alone to derive endmembers from the mixed pixels. Field reflectance spectra were collected for all targets and adjacent background areas. While efforts are just now underway to evaluate the detection performance using the subpixel targets, initial results for the unmixing targets have demonstrated retrieved fractions that are close approximations to the geometric fractions. These data, together with the ground truth, are planned to be made available to the remote sensing research community for evaluation and development of detection and unmixing algorithms.
The A = 3 Nolen-Schiffer anomaly and the up-down quark mass difference

Abstract A recently proposed nonrelativistic many-body quark model is used to generate class III nucleon-nucleon potentials in a Born-Oppenheimer approach. These potentials, when treated in first-order perturbation theory with a simple ansatz for the three-nucleon wave function, allow us to make an estimate of the 3 He 3 He mass difference. For accepted values of the constituent up-down quark mass difference we find that approximately sixty percent of the A = 3 Nolen-Schiffer anomaly can be accounted for solely from the up-down quark kinetic energy difference.
The effect of maternal incarceration on adult offspring involvement in the criminal justice system

Abstract Researchers have estimated that 63 percent of incarcerated women have one or more minor children and most reported living with their children prior to incarceration (Mumola, 2000). Unfortunately, children of incarcerated parents have been a relatively invisible population in the research on the collateral consequences of incarceration. The goal of the current study was to examine the long-term effect of maternal incarceration on adult offspring involvement in the criminal justice system using data from the mother child sample of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979. Based on existing research, it was hypothesized that the adult offspring of incarcerated mothers would be more likely to have been convicted of a crime or to be sentenced to probation. The effect of maternal incarceration on correlates of criminal behavior in adolescence and early adulthood (e.g., negative peer influences, positive home environment) was also modeled to assess possible indirect effects. The results highlighted the direct effect of incarceration on adult offspring involvement in the criminal justice system, but parental incarceration had little association with correlates of criminal behavior.
Once upon a Time There Was a Math Contest: Gender Stereotyping and Memory:

In this classroom exercise, students observe gender stereotypes influencing memory processes. A student retells a story to a classmate, who in turn repeats it to a third classmate, who retells the story to the entire class. The gender of the main character changes how others remember and retell the story. The exercise also demonstrates other memory concepts and Allport and Postman's (1947) classic concepts of leveling and sharpening. Student evaluations of the exercise reveal that comprehension of gender stereotyping improved significantly after participating in the demonstration. Thus, this demonstration helps students learn about memory processes and the influences of gender stereotyping on behavior.
Precise measurement of the thermal expansion of silicon near 40 °C

We report absolute measurements of the thermal‐expansion coefficient of single‐crystal silicon having a precision of ±0.2%. Five thermal‐expansion values have been determined using 1.9 °C temperature measurement intervals within the temperature range 34–44 °C. Our value for the thermal expansion of silicon at 35.22±0.08 °C is 2.683±0.005×10−6 cm/cm °C, which agrees with previous measurements by others and represents an almost fivefold increase in accuracy.
Type-II InGaAs/GaAsSb superlattice for photodetection in the near infrared

The optical properties of an (formula available in paper) type-II superlattice lattice matched to InP(001) was characterized by photo luminescence and near infrared photoresponse. The samples were designed for optical emission near 1.8micrometers and were grown by molecular beam epitaxy. At 4K, a strong type-II luminescence at 1.8micrometers (689meV0 with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 18 meV was observed. Similarly, the onset of the band edge photoresponse occurred at 1.8micrometers (693 meV) at 10K. We believe this to be the first observation of both luminescence and photoresponse from the InGaAs/GaAsSb/InP materials system grown by any technique.
Cl{sub 2}-based dry etching of the AlGaInN system in inductively coupled plasmas

Cl{sub 2}-based Inductively Coupled Plasmas with low additional dc self- biases(-100V) produce convenient etch rates(500-1500 A /min) for GaN, AlN, InN, InAlN and InGaN. A systematic study of the effects of additive gas(Ar, N{sub 2}, H{sub 2}), discharge composition and ICP source power and chuck power on etch rate and surface morphology has been performed. The general trends are to go through a maximum in etch rate with percent Cl{sub 2} in the discharge for all three mixtures, and to have an increase(decrease) in etch rate with source power(pressure). Since the etching is strongly ion-assisted, anisotropic pattern transfer is readily achieved. Maximum etch selectivities of approximately 6 for InN over the other nitrides were obtained.
Growth rate effects on fundamental transport properties of bacterial populations.

In many natural environments, bacterial populations experience suboptimal growth due to the competition with other microorganisms for limited resources. The chemotactic response provides a mechanism by which bacterial populations can improve their situation by migrating toward more favorable growth conditions. For bacteria cultured under suboptimal growth conditions, evidence for an enhanced chemotactic response has been observed previously. In this article, for the first time, we have quantitatively characterized this behavior in terms of two macroscopic transport coefficients, the random motility and chemotactic sensitivity coefficients, measured in the stopped-flow diffusion chamber assay. Escherichia coli cultured over a range of growth rates in a chemostat exhibits a dramatic increase in the chemotactic sensitivity coefficient for D-fucose at low growth rates, while the random motility coefficient remains relatively constant by comparison. The change in the chemotactic sensitivity coefficient is accounted for by an independently measured increase in the number of galactose-binding proteins which mediate the chemotactic signal. This result is consistent with the relationship between macroscopic and microscopic parameters for chemotaxis, which was proposed in the mathematical model of Rivero and co-workers. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Elective surgery in children with sickle cell disease without preoperative blood transfusion.

Abstract It is generally recommended that patients with sickle cell disease receive red blood cell (RBC) transfusions before undergoing general anesthesia and surgery. Since RBC transfusions are costly, inconvenient, and may cause serious complications, it might be useful to identify groups of patients for whom they are not absolutely necessary. We report our experience with 54 pediatric patients undergoing 66 elective surgical procedures without preoperative transfusion preparation. All patients were felt to be clinically and hematologically stable in the immediate preoperative period. For the majority of procedures (5766, 86%) no transfusions were administered at any time during the perioperative course. There were no intraoperative complications or postoperative deaths. Overall, some type of postoperative complication was encountered after 17 procedures (26%). Complications were usually minor and were more likely to occur after procedures involving thoracotomy or laparotomy (1020, 50%) and tonsillectomy/adenoidectomy (TA P P
Liver transplantation in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma

We aimed to determine the most appropriate candidates for liver transplantation based on their survival outcomes. Two hundred and fourteen patients who were transplanted in the presence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were analyzed. Patient groups were selected as "good risk" candidates for transplantation by our previously developed artificial network model or by the classic pTNM pathological classification system. The survival of the model-selected candidate groups was then compared to the survival of the candidates chosen as "good risk" by the pTNM classification (i.e., pTNM stages I + II and pTNM stages I + II + III). Suitability for transplantation was judged by long-term survival rates (i.e., 1–10 years post-transplant). By using the neural network prediction model and the subsequent subgroup case analysis, it was possible to generate those combinations of risk factors which predetermined patient survival through HCC recurrence. By applying the developed neural network model to the transplant candidate pool for patients with HCC, it was possible to select the maximum number of suitable candidates for transplantation while minimizing donor organ loss to recurrent HCC.
AN LP-10 MODEL FOR COORDINATING MULTI-GROUP INPUTS IN RESOURCE PLANNING

A model for guiding public as well as multi-discipline inputs about the development of water and related natural resources has been developed. Optimal location of economic activities can be achieved by iterative use of the model. An example illustrating the manner the model can be used is included in the paper.
The Ketogenic Diet Revisited

Abstract The ketogenic diet is a high-fat diet that maintains the body's starvation mechanism, with exogenous fat provided for metabolism in lieu of stored fat. Mild dehydration is important to prevent dilution of the level of ketones in circulation at any given time. It is not known why or how ketosis affects seizure activity, so the principles behind the therapy have been developed from years of clinical experience and theoretical assumptions. Dietitians are essential providers of ketosis therapy, but the dietitian must work with a physician who understands the theories behind the therapy and is an active member of the ketosis therapy team. J Am Diet Assoc. 1997;97(suppl 2):S192–S194.
Volatiles from winter wheat: identification of additional compounds and effects of tissue source

Abstract Sixteen volatile compounds have been identified in oil prepared from winter wheat by reduced pressure steam distillation-extraction. Most of these compounds were found in relatively small quatities (0.5%, or less) with the exception of pentadecanal. Comparisons were also made of the relative amounts of C 9 alcohols and aldehydes obtained from fresh versus frozen plants, cut versus intact plants and leaves versus culms.
Humoral immune response and B-cell functions including immunoglobulin class switch are downregulated in aged mice and humans

Vaccinations are powerful tools for combating infections. Because of the age-related impairment in immune functions, the currently available vaccines are protecting only a small proportion of the elderly population. We, here, provide an overview of age-related changes in innate and adaptive immunity with particular emphasis to changes in antibody production with aging. We also summarize our results showing that the E2A-encoded transcription factor E47, which regulates many B cell functions including class switch recombination (CSR) and somatic hypermutation (SHM), is downregulated in splenic B cells from old mice. This leads to a reduction in the activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), which directly induces CSR and SHM, and, in turn, to reduced amounts of switched antibodies produced by splenic activated B cells. Our preliminary results in humans indicate similar reductions: we show herein that the expression of E2A and AID progressively decline with age. Our results provide a possible molecular basis for a decrease in the humoral immune response in aging mice and humans.
EFFECT OF PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF SUCROSE BY CORN SYRUP ON QUALITY AND STABILITY OF CANNED APPLE SAUCE

SUMMARY— Apple sauces were made from Gravenstein apples under normal commercial processing conditions, using pure sucrose and combinations of sucrose and 62 D.E. corn syrup as sweeteners. Products were tested for storage stability of 68 and 86°F. Undesirable chemical and physical changes occurred rapidly at 86°F as indicated by the increase of hydroxymethyl furfural, darkening of serum color, decrease in consistency and increased can corrosion. This was accompanied by lower organoleptic color and ffavor scores. It appeared that the quality and storage stability of apple sauce were influenced more by higher storage temperatures and longer storage duration than by the type of sweeteners used in making the apple sauce. For a longer shelf fife and better quality retention, canned apple sauce should be stored at 68° F or lower. Results of this investigation indicate that corn syrup can be used lo replace 25% of the added sucrose in processing apple sauce.
Optimization of multiplexed holographic gratings in PQ-PMMA for spectral-spatial imaging filters.

Holographic gratings formed in thick phenanthrenquinone- (PQ-) doped poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) can be made to have narrowband spectral and spatial transmittance filtering properties. We present the design and performance of angle-multiplexed holographic filters formed in PQ-PMMA at 488 nm and reconstructed with a LED operated at ~630 nm. The dark delay time between exposure and the preillumination exposure of the polymer prior to exposure of the holographic area are varied to optimize the diffraction efficiency of multiplexed holographic filters. The resultant holographic filters can enhance the performance of four-dimensional spatial-spectral imaging systems. The optimized filters are used to simultaneously sample spatial and spectral information at five different depths separated by 50 μm within biological tissue samples.