cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Anatomical Basis for Visual Calibration of the Auditory Space Map in the Barn Owl’s Midbrain

The map of auditory space in the external nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICX) of the barn owl is calibrated by visual experience during development. ICX neurons are tuned for interaural time difference (ITD), the owl's primary cue for sound source azimuth, and are arranged into a map of ITD. When vision is altered by rearing owls with prismatic spectacles that shift the visual field in azimuth, ITD tuning in the ICX shifts adaptively. In contrast, ITD tuning remains unchanged in the lateral shell of the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICCls), which provides the principal auditory input to the ICX, suggesting that the projection from the ICCls to the ICX is altered by prism-rearing. In this study, the topography of the ICCls-ICX projection was assessed in normal and prism-reared owls by retrograde labeling using biotinylated dextran amine. In juvenile owls at the age before prism attachment, and in normal adults, labeling patterns were consistent with a topographic projection, with each ICX site receiving input from a restricted region of the ICCls with similar ITD tuning. In prism-reared owls, labeling patterns were systematically altered: each ICX site received additional, abnormal input from a region of the ICCls where ITD tuning matched the shifted ITD tuning of the ICX neurons. These results indicate that anatomical reorganization of the ICCls-ICX projection contributes to the visual calibration of the ICX auditory space map.
MEMS-based systems for DNA sequencing and forensics

We outline some of the most important scientific problems that were overcome in this multiyear project. These include (a) the high-yield microfabrication of zero-defect bonded glass plates at sizes greatly exceeding semiconductor fabrication, (b) the integration of electrodes, reservoirs, and high-pressure seals into these plates, (c) detector optimization for the required very high rate data acquisition and (d) microfluidics issues and optimizations related to channel geometry.
Perceived effectiveness of international AIDS campaigns

In order to establish guidelines as to the effectiveness or noneffectiveness of AIDS education strategies on television this study investigates the responses of high and low risk viewers to 21 public service announcements on AIDS. The 21 films prepared in Canada Denmark Norway Sweden the UK and the US were videotaped and shown to an audience of 57 Canadian viewers. The audience was composed of high risk (male homosexual) and low risk (heterosexual) viewers. Using the electronic push-button apparatus of the Program Evaluation Analysis Computer system the viewers recorded their moment by moment perceptions of the material presented as "good" or "poor" on a scale of 1-5. The films were to be rated on 2 measures of effectiveness: whether they were convincing and persuasive from 1 moment to the next and whether they would be useful in educating people about AIDS. 5 of the films were ranked highly on both measures of perceived effectiveness. These included 2 Norwegian 2 US and 1 British film. Features that made a film effective were simple and straightforward presentation of hard facts sincerity and humor. Features that caused a film to be rated ineffective were emotionality preachiness eye-catching padding and wooden acting. Unfortunately due to disagreements on the part of governments or broadcasters or both as to the kinds of controversial materials that should be shown on television 3 of the 5 most effective films have never been sanctioned for general broadcast use and the films perceived as least effective have been frequently broadcast in their countries.
Exercise Doppler echocardiography identifies abnormal hemodynamics in adults with congenital heart disease

Abstract The hemodynamic factors contributing to reduced exercise capacity in adults with congenital heart disease are not fully defined. We hypothesized that they would demonstrate reduced exercise capacity compared with age-matched control subjects because of abnormal exercise hemodynamics and ventricular performance demonstrable by echocardiography. We retrospectively analyzed the results of all studies in all patients with congenital heart disease (from 1988 to 1993) and found that the peak work load and double product achieved were decreased in comparison with normal values (79 ± 47 W vs 149 ± 52 W [ p p = 0.005], respectively). Seven patients achieved work loads
Combinatorial screening of heterogeneous catalysts in selective oxidation of naphthalene by laser-induced fluorescence imaging

Heterogeneous catalysis is one of the most important processes in the petroleum and the chemical industries. To be able to screen catalysts at high throughput will dramatically improve performance and reduce costs. Here we used laser-induced fluorescence imaging as a high-throughput screening technique in the combinatorial discovery of active catalysts for naphthalene oxidation. Binary catalysts of V-Mo-O, V-Sn-O, V-Ti-O, and V-W-O in various 15-member libraries were screened. Laser ablation ICPMS was employed to confirm the composition of the individual catalysts in the combinatorial library. The addition of MoO3, WO3, SnO2, and TiO2 to V2O5 did not improve the catalytic activity in the conversion of naphthalene to naphthoquinone, but the overall activity was found to increase for certain binary samples. The screening of ternary catalysts of V-Sn-Mo-O revealed that the combination of V (45%)-Sn (45%)-Mo (10%) gave 70% higher catalytic activity than pure V2O5 in converting naphthalene to naphthoquinone. Reaction temperature and sample preparation effects on the activity and selectivity of catalysts are also studied in a combinatorial manner.
Best approximation in (L1 ⊕ R)∞

Abstract We prove necessary and sufficient conditions for X to be a Chebyshev subspace of ( L 1 ⊕ R ) ∞ . Moreover, we find a nontrivial Chebyshev subspace of ( L 1 ⊕ c 0 ) ∞ when the scalar field is that of the complex numbers.
In-vitro comparison of ceftazidime and nine other antimicrobial agents against hospital strains of Gram-negative bacteria

The agar dilution in-vitro susceptibility of 370 isolates of aerobic Gram-negative bacteria isolated at Ben Taub General Hospital in Houston, Texas were determined for five new and five currently available agents. Ceftazidime, moxalactam, cefotaxime, ceftizoxime and cefoperazone, all of which are new beta-lactam compounds, were compared with two penicillins, piperacillin, ticarcillin, and three aminoglycosides, gentamicin, tobramycin and amikacin. Ceftazidime inhibited 100% of pseudomonas strains at a concentration of 12.5 mg/l, whereas the aminoglycosides inhibited 88-93% and ticarcillin and piperacillin inhibited 47 and 85% of these strains at this concentration. Ceftazidime at a level of 125 mg/l was the most effective agent against all strains of indole positive Proteus spp., Serratia spp., Klebsiella spp., Citrobacter spp., and Echerichia coli. Moxalactam was the most effective agent against Enterobacter spp., and ceftazidime was the next most effective agent. Ceftazidime is a potent new beta-lactam which should be useful against hospital strains of Gram-negative bacteria.
Molecular mechanism of WW-domain binding protein-2 coactivation function in estrogen receptor signaling.

The link between breast cancer and estrogen receptor (ER) is well established. The ER is a hormone-inducible transcription factor that, upon binding to its ligand, regulates the expression of a variety of genes mainly involved in cell proliferation and differentiation. Coactivators are proteins recruited by the hormone-activated receptor, which allow or enhance the ER transactivation functions by acting as chromatin remodeling enzymes or adaptors between ER and the transcriptional machinery. Our laboratory has previously identified the WW-domain binding protein-2 (WBP-2) as a bona fide coactivator of ER. However, the molecular mechanism underlying WBP-2 coactivation function was not clear yet. In this study, we explore and identify the mechanism by which WBP-2 acts as coactivator of ER. Our data show that WBP-2 is involved in the regulation of ER target genes, and its expression is required for the proper expression of some ER target genes. To clarify the molecular mechanism by which WBP-2 regulates ER function, we performed chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. We demonstrate here that WBP-2 binds to the ER target gene promoter pS2 promoter and is required for the binding of the phosphorylated form of RNA polymerase II (associated with active transcription/elongation) to the same promoter. Furthermore, we also show that WBP-2 is essential for the recruitment of the histone acetyl transferase p300, an important chromatin modifier enzyme and for histone acetylation at the same target region. Collectively, our data indicate that WBP-2 enhances ER transactivation function at certain genes by facilitating the recruitment and/or the stabilization of a histone modifier enzyme that favors a relaxed chromatin structure, permissive of transcription. © 2012 IUBMB Life, 65(1):76–84, 2013
Crafting large prototypes

Contour crafting utilizes computer-aided ancient sculpting techniques for fabrication of large components. The article presents the essentials of the contour crafting process, the status of research and development of the process, experiments with thermoplastics and ceramics materials, engineering analysis of certain aspects of the technology, and its potential application areas.
Advances in Bioluminescence Imaging of Live Animal Models

Many of the obligate steps of physiology and disease are dynamic in time and space, and thus, end-point assays do not always provide a full understanding of these processes. Comprehensive understanding of the functional complexity of protein interactions and cell trafficking requires mapping of cellular and molecular function within complex systems over biologically relevant time scales. New approaches to bioluminescence imaging of cell migration, signaling pathways, drug action, and interacting protein partners in vivo allow the study of biology and disease within the context of living animals.
Influence of Needle Gauge in Mantoux Skin Testing

Study objective To determine the influence of needle gauge in Mantoux skin testing for tuberculosis. Design Randomized selection of either a 27- or 30-gauge needle for Mantoux skin test placement; observer-blinded. Setting Annual hospital employee screening. Participants Six hundred twenty-five employees working in clinical and laboratory research environments. Results Blinded observers found that the use of 27-gauge needles caused increased bleeding and bruising compared with 30-gauge needles (p≤0.007 for each). However, the 27-gauge needle produced larger blebs and less leakage of tuberculin solution (p≤0.0003). Conclusion: Smaller gauge needles could potentially cause false-negative screening results because of decreased antigen delivery. Use of needle gauges smaller than 27 gauge should be avoided until their reliability is validated.
Differential expression of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) splice variants in whole blood of colon cancer patients and healthy volunteers: implication for the detection of circulating colon cancer cells

Quantification of circulating cancer cells in whole blood samples by real time quantitative RT–PCR might be of clinical value for monitoring therapeutic effectiveness. In colon cancer patients, carcinoembrynic antigen (CEA) and cytokeratin 20 (CK20) have been frequently used for RT–PCR based tumor cell detection, but the specificity in particular for CEA has been questioned. In this study, we compared real-time RT–PCR for CEA and CK20 and analysed patients with metastatic disease (n=32) and healthy volunteers (n=17). CK20 mean values were elevated in cancer patients (P<0.001) and defined a subgroup (38%) who showed CK20 levels at least 100-fold above the highest value of the healthy control group. In contrast, only two cancer patients (6%) showed elevated CEA levels. Samples of the healthy control group showed exclusively a CEA-PCR product of 79°C melting temperature. Thirty per cent of the colon cancer patients showed an additional product of 82°C melting temperature. The 82°C product was identical with the amplification product of CEA-cDNA and cDNA from different colon cancer cell lines. Colon cancer cells were spiked into normal blood in 10-fold dilutions that resulted in a dose dependent shift of the melt curve from 79°C to the 82°C. Sequencing of the PCR products showed that white blood cells express a splice variant of CEA, which hinders detection of tumor cell cDNA in whole blood samples. Our findings have implications for the use of CEA as a diagnostic molecule (e.g. by RT–PCR). The discovery of a physiologically expressed CEA splice variant might lead to a better understanding of the biological function of CEA and its family members.
Dendrochronology and links to streamflow

Summary Streamflow variability on timescales of decades to centuries becomes increasingly important as water managers grapple with shortages imposed by increasing demand and limited supply, and possibly exacerbated by climate change. ► Two applications of dendrochronology to the study of flow variability are illustrated for an existing 1244-yr reconstruction of annual flows of the Colorado River at Lees Ferry, Arizona, USA: (1) identification and climatological interpretation of rare flow events, and (2) assessment of vulnerability of water-supply systems to climatic variability. ► Analysis centers on a sustained drought of the mid-1100s characterized by persistent low flows on both the Colorado and Sacramento Rivers. ► Analysis of geopotential height anomalies during modern joint-droughts suggests more than one mode of circulation might accompany joint-drought in the two basins. ► Monte Carlo simulation is used to demonstrate that a drought as severe as that in the 1100s on the Colorado River might be expected about once in every 4–6 centuries by chance alone given the time-series properties of the modern gaged flows. Application of a river-management model suggests a mid-1100s-style drought, were it to occur today, would drop reservoir levels in Lake Mead to dead-pool within a few decades. ► Uncertainty presents challenges to accurately quantifying severe sustained droughts from streamflow reconstructions, especially early in the tree-ring record. ► Corroboration by multiple proxy records is essential. ► Future improvements are likely to require a combination of methodological advancements and expanded basic data.
Biological, psychological and historical differences in a series of monozygotic twins discordant for schizophrenia

THERE is an old Chinese proverb that says: “The beginning of wisdom is to call things by their right names.” To begin with, let us try to make sure that we are using the “right” words, and at a minimum, mutually understood words, by briefly defining our thoughts concerning the two phenomena which together constitute the subject of this meeting: transmission and schizophrenia. When we use the term schizophrenia, we mean a behavioral syndrome which (a) is a disease process in that there is a demonstrable breakdown of normal function, comfort and effectiveness in a given individual; (b) has a set of common denominator symptoms (thought, affect, and action disorder, delusions, hallucinations and other psychotic manifestations) such that the “typical”, hardcore patient presents no diagnostic difficulty to psychiatric workers of many different points of view and nationalities; and (c) a behavioral syndrome which has very unclear limits, so that as one moves away from the hardcore cases there is an increasing degree of difficulty in arriving at diagnostic consensus. In regard to the other major concept with which we are concerned, i.e. transmission, Webster tells us that transmission is the act, operation or process of sending or transferring from one person to another; or passing on or down to others. Some question may be raised concerning how germane this concept is, at the present stage of our knowledge of schizophrenia. However, if we consider the various models that are implied by the concept of transmission of illness, its usefulness becomes clear. Illness can be transferred from one individual to another by means of the transfer of an active pathogen, as in bacteria1 infection; or by genetic transmission as in phenylketonuria. There is also a type of social transmission in the sense that children of poverty stricken, socially backward, slum dwellers have a much greater likelihood of coming down with tuberculosis, for example, not necessarily because their parents have transmitted to them a particular bacillus or a given genetic predisposition, but because they have been given a particular social heritage and have been reared in a particular environment which influences the susceptibility to the bacillus which is the prime source of the illness. Another model we need keep in mind demonstrates the fact that though children may very predictably show the behavior of their parents, this need not have any genetic component, as exemplified by the fact that children of French-speaking parents speak French, of English-speaking parents speak English, and so forth.
Increasing the efficiency of electrically small antennas across a large bandwidth using matching networks

We present a tuning strategy for electrically small antennas that have high reactive parts and are suitable for small PDA devices. Our approach is to first bring the small antenna to resonance by minimizing the reactive part of the impedance prior to matching. To verify this concept, a spiral antenna is used for operation in the 800-1200MHz frequency range. The matching network is a reconfigurable double stub tuner whose stubs are loaded by MEMS capacitor banks. Results show significant enhancement in efficiency using our proposed approach.
Analyzing surfactant structures on length and chirality resolved (6,5) single-wall carbon nanotubes by analytical ultracentrifugation.

The structure and density of the bound interfacial surfactant layer and associated hydration shell were investigated using analytical ultracentrifugation for length and chirality purified (6,5) single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in three different bile salt surfactant solutions. The differences in the chemical structures of the surfactants significantly affect the size and density of the bound surfactant layers. As probed by exchange of a common parent nanotube population into sodium deoxycholate, sodium cholate, or sodium taurodeoxycholate solutions, the anhydrous density of the nanotubes was least for the sodium taurodeoxycholate surfactant, and the absolute sedimentation velocities greatest for the sodium cholate and sodium taurodeoxycholate surfactants. These results suggest that the thickest interfacial layer is formed by the deoxycholate, and that the taurodeoxycholate packs more densely than either sodium cholate or deoxycholate. These structural differences correlate well to an observed 25% inc...
Immigrant Trip Duration: The Case of Immigrants from Western Mexico1

This article uses data from the Mexican Migration Project to determine the factors that affect how long Mexican immigrants stay in the United States. Based on the estimates of a discrete-time hazard model, the most important predictors of duration are the economic opportunities for immigrants in the United States, the household resources before migration, and the opportunities available at the immigrant's community of origin. The article also finds longer trip duration after the Immigration Reform and Control Act than in previous years and important differences between male and female migrants.
A strategy for optimizing and evaluating behavioral interventions.

Background: Although the optimization of behavioral interventions offers the potential of both public health and research benefits, currently there is no widely agreed-upon principled procedure for accomplishing this.Purpose: This article suggests a multiphase optimization strategy (MOST) for achieving the dual goals of program optimization and program evaluation in the behavioral intervention field.Methods: MOST consists of the following three phases: (a) screening, in which randomized experimentation closely guided by theory is used to assess an array of program and/or delivery components and select the components that merit further investigation; (b) refining, in which interactions among the identified set of components and their interrelationships with covariates are investigated in detail, again via randomized experiments, and optimal dosage levels and combinations of components are identified; and (c) confirming, in which the resulting optimized intervention is evaluated by means of a standard randomized intervention trial. To make the best use of available resources, MOST relies on design and analysis tools that help maximize efficiency, such as fractional factorials.Results: A slightly modified version of an actual application of MOST to develop a smoking cessation intervention is used to develop and present the ideas.Conclusions: MOST has the potential to husband program development resources while increasing our understanding of the individual program and delivery components that make up interventions. Considerations, challenges, open questions, and other potential benefits are discussed.
Growth and maturation of a North American fairy shrimp, Streptocephalus seali (Crustacea; Anostraca): a laboratory study

SUMMARY. 1 We evaluated survival, growth and time to maturation of the fairy shrimp, Streptocephalus seali Ryder, in the laboratory at various combinations of temperature and water hardness. 2 Both independent factors affected survival and growth of S. seali. Multiple regression analysis and response surface modelling predict that after 4 days, over 80% survival is obtained at temperatures from 14 to 28°C and water hardnesses from 60 to 130 mg CaCO3 1-−1. 3 Growth rates of larvae were often maximum at physicochemical conditions other than those which had promoted maximum rates of survival. For example, after 12 days mean total body length was almost 12 mm in larvae which had been maintained at 34°C (80 mg CaCO3 1-−1): the maximum survival rate had been obtained at 19°C. Total length was directly correlated with temperature at the lowest hardness tested, but not at the other two hardnesses (100 and 120 mg CaCO3 1-−1). At the latter water hardnesses, total length was significantly less at 34°C than at 32°C on all three sampling occasions (4, 8 and 12 days post-hatch). 4 Similarly, developmental stage of larvae correlated well with temperature but larvae reared at 34°C did not develop more quickly than those reared at 32°C. After 12 days, most larvae at the two highest temperature treatments had developed at least to Stage 14 and many were nearly mature; at 17°C most larvae were still at Stage 10. 5 During our study of maturation rate of females we noted that egg production was initiated after completion of fourteen or fifteen moults. Mean time to maturation at 27°C (17.3±2.8 days) exceeded that at 32°C (12.3±2.6days). The minimum time to maturation of a shrimp was 9 days at 32°C.
Cellular Polarity in Ciliates: Persistence of Global Polarity in a disorganized Mutant of Tetrahymena thermophila That Disrupts Cytoskeletal Organization

Much of the cell surface on the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila is covered by a polarized lattice of cytoskeletal structures that are associated with basal bodies of the ciliary rows. Unique structural landmarks, including an oral apparatus and contractile vacuole pores, develop before cell division in localized domains located, respectively, posterior and anterior to the transverse fission zone. All of these structures can be visualized by specific monoclonal antibodies. A single-locus recessive mutation, disorganized-A (disA), primarily affects the striated rootlets of the ciliary-row basal bodies and brings about a severe disorganization in the positioning and orientation of these basal bodies and associated cytoskeletal elements. Nonetheless, the new oral apparatus, contractile vacuole pores, and other unique structures appeared at or near their normal sites along the anteroposterior axis of disA cells, indicating that the positioning of these localized structures is not dependent on the integrity of the ciliary rows. Abnormalities were present in the details of construction of some of the localized structures and in aspects of cell shape that may be influenced by these details. In the main, however, analysis of disA mutant cells indicates that intracellular domains near the cell poles develop independently of the vectorial polarity of the ciliary rows.
The isotopic source composition of cosmic-ray iron, cobalt, and nickel

The isotopic composition of cosmic-ray Fe, Co, and Ni at energies ∼150–500 MeV/nucleon has been measured with the Cosmic-Ray Isotope Spectrometer (CRIS) instrument on ACE. Source abundances have been derived from a leaky-box propagation model using secondary species in the range 41 ≤ A ≤ 55 to constrain the calculated secondary contributions to the Fe, Co, and Ni isotopes. The derived relative source abundances bear a strong resemblance to solar-system values. The most significant difference, an excess of ∼ (70 ± 30)%, is found for the source abundance ratio ^(58)Fe/^(56)Fe. Some implications of the derived source composition for the origin of cosmic rays are discussed.
Exploring a comprehensive model for early childhood vocabulary instruction: a design experiment

Addressing a critical need for effective vocabulary practices in early childhood classrooms, we conducted a design experiment to achieve three goals: (1) developing a comprehensive model for early childhood vocabulary instruction, (2) examining the effectiveness of this model, and (3) discerning the contextual conditions that hinder or facilitate its implementation. Guided by sociocultural theory and the design experiment framework, our study was conducted in one Head Start classroom and included a control class for comparison. The resulting model extends the existing instruction in several ways and effectively increases children's target vocabulary knowledge. Contextual constraints were identified (high teacher turnover, low teacher buy-in, and rigid teacher roles) and addressed by working with the teachers towards developing a community of practice.
The Monastery, Paradise, and the Castle: Literary Images and Spiritual Development in St Teresa of Ávila

The late Helmut Hatzfeld identified St Teresa of Avila's literary method as that of image-concatenation. He observed this method at work specifically in chs. 11–22 of the saint's Libro de la vida (...
Toward an Empirical Concept of Group

Qu'en est-il du concept de groupe ? La dualite de la notion de groupe - somme d'individus et entite unique - constitue le probleme de base de la theorie des groupes. La confusion est largement entretenue par le langage. Les mots familiers tels que « couple », « groupe », « collectivite », « organisation » et « societe » vehiculent l'idee non seulement de mutiplicite mais egalement de totalite. L'A. s'attache a proposer un concept du groupe en tant qu'entite, empiricalement fonde et repondant aux necessites de l'objectif scientifique. Dans un premier temps, il examine la litterature sur la question, les conceptions classique et contemporaine ainsi que les problemes que pose la conceptualisation de la notion. Puis, il s'interesse au concept de Campbell (1958) de « group entativity » - qui identifie le groupe en tant que construction intellectuelle - comme une solution possible a ces problemes. Enfin il passe en revue les arguments en faveur du groupe-entite et en deduit 5 themes caracterisant le groupe-entite et le distinguant du groupe-multiple.
Outbursts of the recurrent nova T Coronae Borealis

THE recurrent nova T CrB has long been regarded as an anomaly among cataclysmic variables. It is a binary system consisting of an M3III giant and a blue companion1. From the radial velocity curves, Kraft2 found component masses of ≥ 3.7M⊙ and ≥ 2.6M⊙, respectively, later revised downwards to 2.6M⊙ and 1.9M⊙ by Paczynski3. Nevertheless, the mass of the blue component is clearly greater than the Chandrasekhar limit, even though the blue components of common novae are widely believed to be white dwarfs. The binary period, 227.5 d, is > 300 times longer than that of GK Per3, the longest period known among the remaining cataclysmic variables, and in stark contrast with the 0.0567-d period of WZ Sge, the only other recurrent nova of known binary period. Warner4 has suggested, however, that T CrB is typical of the majority of recurrent novae. In this paper we interpret the behaviour of T CrB in terms of accretion in a binary system.
Posterior distribution for negative binomial parameter p using a group invariant prior

Abstract We obtain a noninformative prior measure for the p parameter of the negative binomial distribution by use of a group theoretic method. Heretofore, group theoretic inference methods have not been applicable in the case of discrete distributions. A linear representation of a group leads to quantities whose squared moduli constitute the probability distribution. The group invariant measure yields prior measure d p / p 2 .
Selection of Surfactants for the Removal of Petroleum Products from Shallow Sandy Aquifers

Soil and ground-water contamination by petroleum products, such as gasoline and oils, is widespread. A laboratory study was conducted to evaluate the relative suitability of 10 commercial surfactants for washing residual levels of automatic transmission fluid (ATF) from sandy material. The surfactants included at least one example for each of four main groups of commercial surfactants: (1) ethoxylated alcohols (nonionic), (2) ethoxylated nonylphenols (nonionic), (3) sulfates (anionic), and (4) sulfonates (anionic). Several properties of aqueous solutions of the surfactants (0.00001 to 5.0% v/v) were measured and used in evaluating their suitability. The extent of dispersion of soil colloids was measured as the turbidity (in formazin turbidity units, FTU) of soil/surfactant solution mixtures. The detergency of the surfactant solutions and the extent to which they solubilized the ATF were measured. The critical micelle concentration, which ranged from 0.05 to 5.0 percent, was measured and used to select the aqueous concentration of the surfactants in washing experiments. The amount of ATF removed from the sand ranged from about 23% by washing with water to more than 80% by washing with ethyoxylated alcohol surfactants. ATF was best removed from the soil by washing with a 0.5% aqueous solution of either alkoxylated alcohol ether, ethoxylated alcohol, or nonylphenol ether sulfate. An ethoxylated alcohol surfactant was selected for scale-up laboratory and field tests because this surfactant caused low soil-colloid dispersion and high ATF dispersion and solubilization, and was effective in washing ATF from the soil
Anchored Metal-to-Metal Charge-Transfer Chromophores in a Mesoporous Silicate Sieve for Visible-Light Activation of Titanium Centers

Binuclear metal-to-metal charge-transfer (MMCT) moieties consisting of a Ti and a CuI or a Ti and a SnII center were obtained in a MCM-41 silicate sieve along with isolated metal centers when exposing Ti-grafted MCM-41 to CuI or SnII precursors featuring highly labile CH3CN ligands. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy revealed complete removal of the labile CH3CN ligands of the metal precursor and the formation of CuI−O−Ti, CuI−O−Si, and corresponding SnII linkages on the pore surface. Optical and FT-IR difference spectroscopy upon oxidation of CuI (SnII) allowed assignment of the CuI−O (642 cm-1) and SnII−O (610 cm-1) bond modes of the MMCT moiety. The visible-light-absorbing TiIV−O−CuI MMCT chromophore extends from the UV to 600 nm, the corresponding TiIV−O−SnII absorption to 470 nm. Electron paramagnetic resonance monitoring of the TiSnII−MCM-41 sieve following photoexcitation of the MMCT transitions at cryogenic temperature confirmed that Ti is reduced to TiIII under visible light. Assembl...
Sodium-dependent binding of γ-aminobutyric acid by morphologically characterized subcellular brain particles☆

Abstract The association of 14C-γ-aminobutyric acid (14C-γABA) with a mixture of brain subcellular particles has been ascribed to a Na+-dependent binding of the 14C-γABA to carrier sites on the membrane of spheroidal particles and to the carrier-mediated appearance of the 14C-γABA in the internal fluid volume of the particles. It is now shown by subfractionation of mitochondrial and microsomal preparations on a density gradient and by electron microscopic identification that there are at least three types of membrane-bounded particles (mitochondria, nerve-ending fragments, and microsomes) which must be considered in the localization of the endogenous γABA, in the incorporation of isotopically labeled γABA, and in the Na+ dependent binding of γABA. The results establish that the three phenomena are associated with microsomes and are most probably associated with the nerve-ending fragments. The mitochondria contain endogenous γABA, but the results do not permit a definite conclusion in regard to the existence of Na+-dependent binding sites nor to the entry of isotopically labeled γABA into the particle.
Anomalous magnetic moment of the muon and Higgs-mediated flavor changing neutral currents

In the two-Higgs doublet extension of the standard model, flavor-changing neutral couplings arise naturally. In the lepton sector, the largest such coupling is expected to be $\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\tau}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\varphi}.$ We consider the effects of this coupling on the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon. The resulting bound on the coupling, unlike previous bounds, is independent of the value of other unknown couplings. It will be significantly improved by the upcoming E821 experiment at Brookhaven National Laboratory.
Predictors of adherence to occlusion therapy 3 months after cataract extraction in the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study

Background Little information is available on factors that predict adherence to patching in infants. We evaluated data from the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study, a randomized clinical trial of treatment for infants with unilateral congenital cataracts, to investigate factors associated with successful adherence to patching protocols. Methods In the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study, patching was prescribed 1 hour daily per month of age until 8 months of age and 50% of waking hours thereafter. A centrally located staff member inquired about the patient's adherence to patching in a phone interview with the primary caregiver. Analyses used χ 2 tests of independence and logistic regression to identify predictors of reported adherence and of achieving adherence rates of at least 75% ("good") and 90% ("excellent"). Results A total of 104 caregivers provided data on patching 3 months after surgery, at which time 60% reported patching at least 75% of the prescribed time. Reported adherence was not associated with the type of treatment ( P = 0.73) but was better in children with private insurance ( P = 0.01) and for children with mothers reporting lower levels of parenting stress ( P = 0.03). Conclusions Most caregivers reported being able to adhere to prescribed patching shortly after extraction of a unilateral congenital cataract. The type of correction (intraocular lens vs contact lens) was not associated with the amount of patching achieved, whereas family socioeconomic status and maternal stress appeared to play a role.
Synthesis and structural characterization of polymeric dimethylaluminum phenylthiolate

Abstract The reaction of trimethylaluminum with thiophenol forms the compound [Me 2 Al(μ-SPh)] n in good yield. The compound has been characterized by 1 H, 13 C and variable-temperature NMR (VT-NMR) spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, and by cryoscopic molecular-weight determination. The solid-state structure has been determined by single-crystal X-ray crystallography and was assigned to the monoclinic space group Pc (no. 7) with cell constants a =9.2499(12), b =7.1344(10), c =7.1947(11) A, β =100.328(3)° and Z =2. The refinement converged with R 1 =7.24% ( wR 2 =15.4%) for 581 ( I ≥2 σ ( I )) observed reflections and was described in terms of an infinite chain polymer with phenyl thiol groups and dimethylaluminum groups alternating. The average Al–S distance is 2.36 A. VT-NMR shows that the compound exhibits some fluxional behavior, which affects the ortho protons of the phenyl ring. Cryoscopic molecular-weight measurements show that the aggregation state is a function of concentration, and it has been proposed that two species, dimer and trimer, exist in solution.
Effect of Wetting Liquids on the Strength of Adhesion of Viscoelastic Material

Abstract The effect of a variety of wetting liquids on the resistance to peeling separation for a lightly crosslinked rubbery adhesive in contact with a Mylar substrate has been studied over a wide range of peeling rates and at two temperatures. Although the magnitude of the peel strength is much greater than the thermodynamic work of detachment, it is reduced by alcohols and alcohol/water mixtures in good agreement with calculated reduction factors. It is concluded that the measured strength is a product of two terms: the thermodynamic work, and a numerical factor, generally large, denoting inefficiency. The latter term is strongly dependent on peel rate and temperature for viscoelastic adhesives. Two anomalies are pointed out: particularly low adhesion is observed at low rates of peel for certain liquids, attributed to swelling of the adhesive, and smaller effects are found for some other liquids than predicted.
The Geologic Framework of Southern Lake Michigan

This part of the project was carried out with geophysical and geological sampling techniques to determine in more detail the geology of southwestern Lake Michigan and thereby provide the essential framework on which to base subsequent lake level, process, and sediment budget studies. The bathymetry of southwestern Lake Michigan is controlled by the underlying bedrock, which dips northeast toward the center of the Michigan basin. Bedrock comprises Silurian dolomite and Devonian limestone and shale. Quaternary sediment, 10 to 40 m thick, overlies bedrock. From Waukegan, Illinois, south to Indiana Harbor, the bottom is floored by till, sand, pebbles, and cobbles. Sand, more common within 1 to 2 km of shore, thins lakeward to a patchy veneer. The lake floor is erosional or nondepositional where till or gravel-cobble pavement is exposed. In contrast, north of Waukegan and east of Indiana Harbor, fine sand covers much of the bottom and grades offshore to muddy sand, which is part of the modern, lacustrine Lake Michigan Formation. The complex surficial bottom sediment distribution between Waukegan and Michigan City, Indiana, could be mapped in detail only where we have sidescan sonar mosaics. In those areas, the till, or coarse lag sand-gravel surface, is covered intermittently with a layer of fine sand most often about 0.5 to 1.0 m thick. The sand appears to be mobile, covering and uncovering the substrate in response to storm-driven waves and currents. Thus, sand, important for protecting the substrate from erosion and for maintaining beaches, is not abundant throughout much of the area.
Complexes of new amine-nitrogen substituted α-amine oxime ligands (p-aminobenzyl, p-nitrobenzyl and p-(aminomethyl)phenyl substituents): X-ray structures of p-aminobenzylamine oxime dihydrochloride, [Ni(aminobenzao)2]ClO4 and [Rh(nitrobenzao)2Cl2]

Abstract The syntheses and characterizations of two new amine oxime ligands are described. In addition, the crystal structure of the dihydrochloride salt of the previously reported 2-[ N -(4-aminobenzyl)amino-3-methyl-2-butanone oxime (aminobenzAO) is reported. This structure features a three-dimensional network of hydrogen bonds involving the amine and oxime groups, the chloride ions and the water molecule of crystallization. The crystal structure of the nickel(II) complex of this ligand, [Ni(aminobenzAO) 2 ]ClO 4 , is reported. This structure features near square planar bonding of the two oxime nitrogen atoms and the two aliphatic amine nitrogen atoms to the nickel(II) atom with dangling aromatic amine groups. A strong intramolecular O---O hydrogen bond links the two cis oxime groups. Because of crystallization difficulty only a qualitative crystal structure of the rhodium(III) complex of the corresponding 4-nitrobenzyl ligand [Rh(nitrobenzAO) 2 Cl 2 ] is included. The octahedral structure is analogous to previously reported complexes with cis oxime nitrogen atoms, cis amine nitrogen atoms and trans chloride ligands.
Surface modifications evoked by estradiol and diethylstilbestrol in isolated endometrial cells: evidence from lectin probes and extracellular release of lysosomal protease.

Endometrial cells were isolated from the uteri of ovariectomized rats. The inhibitory eflect of a-methyl-D-mannoside on fluoresceinlabeled concanavalin A (Con A) binding to these cells indicates that they possess specific binding sites for Con A. The lectin also mediates adsorption of homologous erythrocytes to these cells. Both Con A binding and Con A-mediated hemadsorption to endometrial cells are depressed at 4 C compared with these functions in cells maintained at 22 C. Gross elevations in lectin-mediated hemadsorption to endometrial cells are evident following prior exposure to 1 × 10–9M concentrations of diethylstilbestrol (DES) or estradiol-17β, but not to the physiologically inactive 17α-epimer, at 22 C. The enhancement of heinagglutinability cannot be attributed to a corresponding increase in lectin binding at 22 C. Although estrogen treatment elicited significant increments in Con A binding as early as 5 min after addition of estrogen to cell suspensions, the increment in agglutination attributa...
Gas–liquid mass transfer in stirred tanks

We describe a new pseudosteady-state chemical approach for determining mass transfer coefficients between gas bubbles and liquid in stirred vessels. The method is illustrated with data for the rate of evolution of carbon dioxide from a batch aqueous solution of Na 2 CO 3 sparged with helium.
Resources on Same-Sex Couples for Therapists and Clients

SUMMARY This article provides a brief annotated bibliography of resources for working with same-sex couples. We provide summaries of articles, book chapters, books, and web sites which we have found to be particularly helpful in working with same sex couples. Books covered include those targeted to therapists as well as those targeted to clients (self-help and bibliotherapy books).
Metabolism of toxaphene components in rats.

Metabolic fates of14C-toxaphene and two of the toxic components of toxaphene were studiedin vitro by using rat liver enzyme preparations. The enzyme systems involving toxaphene metabolism were characterized, using known cofactors and inhibitors to activate or inhibit individual enzyme reactions. The nature of toxaphene metabolites was studied through derivatization of metabolic products via chemical and enzymatic treatments. The results of thein vitro studies were compared to the metabolic patterns observedin vivo to ascertain the relative importance of each enzyme system in the total process of toxaphene degradation and excretion.
1062 DELAYED PUBERTY IN MALES WITH CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE

The effects of chronic renal failure on the pituitary-testicular axis of 31 males, aged 11.7-20.0 years (x 16 y) were studied. Nine patients not on hemodialysis (GI) had serum creatinines between 2 and 10 mg%, 10 patients were on hemodialysis (GII) and 12 patients had received a renal transplant (GIII). Tanner stage of pubertal development was delayed >2SD relative to chronologic age but not to bone age in 79% of patients. Testosterone (T), Δ4-androstenedione (Δ4), dehydro-epiandrosterone (DHEA), DHEA sulfate (DS), and urinary 17 keto steroids were normal when related to pubertal stage in Groups I and II. In Group III adrenal androgens (Δ4, DHEA,DS) were decreased while T was normal. Luteinizing hormone levels were normal in all. FSH (normal range 1-6 ng/ml) was significantly increased in GI (11.9 ± 1.5) and GII (30.3 ± 11.5). In GIII FSH was normal in patients with serum creatinines 5 mg% and also correlated positively with length of time on hemodialysis. Conclusion: FSH is elevated in patients with chronic renal failure even in early adolescence and may reflect damage to germinal epithelium prior to the advent of spermatogenesis, while leydig cell function appears to remain infact.
Progress in quantitative inorganic analysis: 1961

A review is given on the quantitative determination of inorganic substances in the milligram or submilligram range. Discussion is divided into four categories: gravimetric micromethods, titrimetric micromethods, optical methods, and miscellaneous methods. 98 references are given to papers published during 1961.
Development of an on-line modular printed-web inspection system

This paper describes the development of a modular inspection system for the on-line inspection of printed-web (a continuous sheet of paper on a roll) material. Real-time inspection during the high-speed printing of high-quality, multicolor web materials can determine process deviations that could degrade product quality in time to take corrective action. This action can effectively and directly reduce spoilage within the current process and eliminate losses in subsequent processes. The system was initially developed for the U.S. Bureau of Engraving and Printing (BEP) for postage stamp production but can be adapted to almost any printed-web quality-monitoring applications.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Multigrid on GPU: tackling power grid analysis on parallel SIMT platforms

The challenging task of analyzing on-chip power (ground) distribution networks with multi-million node complexity and beyond is key to todaypsilas large chip designs. For the first time, we show how to exploit recent massively parallel single-instruction multiple-thread (SIMT) based graphics processing unit (GPU) platforms to tackle power grid analysis with promising performance. Several key enablers including GPU-specific algorithm design, circuit topology transformation, workload partitioning, performance tuning are embodied in our GPU-accelerated hybrid multigrid algorithm, GpuHMD, and its implementation. In particular, a proper interplay between algorithm design and SIMT architecture consideration is shown to be essential to achieve good runtime performance. Different from the standard CPU based CAD development, care must be taken to balance between computing and memory access, reduce random memory access patterns and simplify flow control to achieve efficiency on the GPU platform. Extensive experiments on industrial and synthetic benchmarks have shown that the proposed GpuHMD engine can achieve 100times runtime speedup over a state-of-the-art direct solver and be more than 15times faster than the CPU based multigrid implementation. The DC analysis of a 1.6 million-node industrial power grid benchmark can be accurately solved in three seconds with less than 50 MB memory on a commodity GPU. It is observed that the proposed approach scales favorably with the circuit complexity, at a rate about one second per million nodes.
The Elements of Language Curriculum: A Systematic Approach to Program Development

1. Introduction 2. Needs Analysis 3. Goals and Objectives 4. Testing 5. Materials 6. Teaching 7. Program Evaluation