cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multimodel projections of climate change from short‐lived emissions due to human activities

[1] We use the GISS (Goddard Institute for Space Studies), GFDL (Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory) and NCAR (National Center for Atmospheric Research) climate models to study the climate impact of the future evolution of short-lived radiatively active species (ozone and aerosols). The models used mid-range A1B emission scenarios, independently calculated the resulting composition change, and then performed transient simulations to 2050 examining the response to projected changes in short-lived species and to changes in both long-lived and short-lived species together. By 2050, two models show that the global mean annual average warming due to long-lived GHGs (greenhouse gases) is enhanced by 20–25% due to the radiatively active short-lived species. One model shows virtually no effect from short-lived species. Intermodel differences are largely related to differences in emissions projections for short-lived species, which are substantial even for a particular storyline. For aerosols, these uncertainties are usually dominant, though for sulfate uncertainties in aerosol physics are also substantial. For tropospheric ozone, uncertainties in physical processes are more important than uncertainties in precursor emissions. Differences in future atmospheric burdens and radiative forcing for aerosols are dominated by divergent assumptions about emissions from South and East Asia. In all three models, the spatial distribution of radiative forcing is less important than that of climate sensitivity in predicting climate impact. Both short-lived and long-lived species appear to cause enhanced climate responses in the same regions of high sensitivity rather than short-lived species having an enhanced effect primarily near polluted areas. Since short-lived species can significantly influence climate, regional air quality emission control strategies for short-lived pollutants may substantially impact climate over large (e.g., hemispheric) scales.
Creep Behavior in Interlaminar Shear of a SiC/SiC Ceramic Composite with a Self-healing Matrix

Creep behavior in interlaminar shear of a non-oxide ceramic composite with a multilayered matrix was investigated at 1,200 °C in laboratory air and in steam environment. The composite was produced via chemical vapor infiltration (CVI). The composite had an oxidation inhibited matrix, which consisted of alternating layers of silicon carbide and boron carbide and was reinforced with laminated Hi-Nicalon™ fibers woven in a five-harness-satin weave. Fiber preforms had pyrolytic carbon fiber coating with boron carbide overlay applied. The interlaminar shear properties were measured. The creep behavior was examined for interlaminar shear stresses in the 16–22 MPa range. Primary and secondary creep regimes were observed in all tests conducted in air and in steam. In air and in steam, creep run-out defined as 100 h at creep stress was achieved at 16 MPa. Larger creep strains were accumulated in steam. However, creep strain rates and creep lifetimes were only moderately affected by the presence of steam. The retained properties of all specimens that achieved run-out were characterized. Composite microstructure, as well as damage and failure mechanisms were investigated.
Stroke in the Young Patent Foramen Ovale and Pregnancy

A 27-year-old right-handed woman who was 2 weeks postpartum awoke with left-sided weakness and dysarthria. In the emergency room, her National Institutes of Health stroke scale was 4 with points received for a left-sided hemiparesis. Computed tomography of the brain was negative for hemorrhage and she was given aspirin 325 mg. Magnetic resonance imaging showed an ischemic stroke in the centrum semiovale. Magnetic resonance angiography of the head and neck showed no intracranial or extracranial atherosclerosis. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed a patent foramen ovale (PFO) with right to left shunt (Figure). Echocardiography was otherwise unremarkable. She had a low-density lipoprotein level of 153 mg/dL. A hypercoagulable workup (Factor V Leiden, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase mutations 677C>T and 1298A>C, prothrombin factor II, antinuclear antibody, extractable nuclear antigens, anticardiolipin antibody, β2-glycoprotein, C-reactive protein, homocysteine, protein C and S, and protein electrophoresis with immunofixation) was unremarkable. She was started on aspirin and a statin. Anticoagulation was not considered because of persistent vaginal bleeding. The mechanism of the stroke was felt to be either small vessel disease or paradoxical embolism. She was discharged home with physical therapy. Figure. Our patient’s transthoracic echocardiogram demonstrating agitated saline bubbles crossing from the left atrium to the right atrium within 5 cardiac cycles of injection ( A ) and subsequent bubbles seen in the left ventricle on next cardiac cycle ( B ). One week later she complained of pain in the left lower extremity with calf tenderness. A venous duplex ultrasound was negative for deep vein thrombosis (DVT). However, 2 weeks later the left calf became swollen and a repeat ultrasound showed acute DVT involving the distal femoral, popliteal, and posterior tibial veins. She was admitted to the hospital and treated with intravenous heparin followed by oral warfarin. An intrauterine device was placed for birth control. She came to her follow-up appointment with questions …
80-GHz distributed amplifiers with transferred-substrate heterojunction bipolar transistors

We report distributed amplifiers with 80 GHz bandwidth and 6.7 dB mid-band gain. These amplifiers were fabricated in the transferred-substrate heterojunction bipolar transistor integrated circuit technology. Transferred-substrate HBT's have very high f/sub max/ (>400 GHz) and have yielded distributed amplifiers with record gain-bandwidth product.
Single motor unit H‐reflex in motor neuron disorders

The latency fluctuation of single motor unit potentials (MUPH) in the H-reflex is greater than the latency fluctuation of MUPs in the direct (MUPM) and recurrent (MUPF) responses. This has been attributed to the variability in the impulse generation at the site of nerve stimulation, and to the variation in the synaptic delay at the anterior horn cell. We studied the latency fluctuation of single motor unit H-reflex in patients with motor neuron disorders (MND) in comparison with normal subjects. The mean jitter of the H-reflex was 264.3 +/- 17.8 microseconds (mean +/- SEM) in 30 MUPH recorded from 10 patients with ALS, 302.7 +/- 25.2 microseconds in 16 MUPH from 6 patients with chronic motor neuron diseases, as compared with 137.4 +/- 7.3 microseconds in 34 MUPH recorded from 10 normal subjects. This difference, which persisted even after the correction for the latency variation of MUPM, cannot be explained on the basis of an enhanced reciprocal inhibition. Thus, the increased latency fluctuation of the single motor unit H-reflex in patients with MND may reflect changes in the motoneuron pool excitability that may be secondary to altered intrinsic electrophysiological properties of motoneurons, or to an abnormal temporal and spatial summation of synaptic inputs on motoneurons.
A genetic algorithm approach to curve fitting

We present a genetic algorithm approach to fitting curves with multiple parameters to data points. Using data from three functions with two to ten coefficients and one to ten variables with linear, polynomial and transcendental functional forms, we varied the number of data points, the range searched over, the distance metric, the distribution for sampling, and the parameters of the genetic algorithm to examine the robustness of the approach. We developed a sequential evolution mechanism to overcome premature convergence to local minima when some terms dominate others in magnitude. Comparison with previously published work is favourable with regard to both goodness of fit and computational effort.
Elite Recruitment and Political Development

In any political system, political roles must be defined, filled and vacated. Elite recruitment refers to the process whereby such "staffing" takes place. "The political recruitment function takes up where the general political socialization function leaves off. It recruits members of the particular subcultures religious communities, statuses, classes, ethnic communities and the like, and inducts them into the specialized roles of the political system."' For the actors themselves, recruitment embraces two processes: (1) the transformation from non-political roles to eligibility for influential political roles, and (2) the assignment and selection of people for specific political roles. Recruitment includes both eligibility for elite status and further selection or assignment to specific elite positions.2 Recruitment is therefore a central function of any political system, and the processes of recruitment are a good indicator of the values and distribution of selection or assignment to specific elite positions. Recruitment is, therefore, a central function of any political system, and the processes of recruitment measure and distribution of political influence. The elite recruitment pattern both reflects and affects the society. As a dependent variable it expresses the value system of the society and its degree of consistency and contradictions, the degree and the type of representativeness of the system, the basis of social stratification and its articulation with the political system, and the structure and change in political roles. As a factor which affects change, or as an independent variable, elite recruitment patterns determine avenues for political participation and status, influence the kind of policies that will be enacted, accelerate or retard changes,
Automatic mixing of highly viscous bio-samples with orbital shaking using micro-channels

Automatic mixing of highly viscous bio-samples using orbital shaking and micro-channels is considered. Existing methods for mixing bio-samples for life science applications use micro-well and micro-stirrer which are ineffective for highly viscous materials at the microliter or nanoliter level. Our method mixes viscous bio-samples in micro-wells using orbital shaking and micro-channels. To understand the mixing process, the design of a small block, which is installed in the middle of the micro-well, with the micro-channels is presented. The model of the micro-channels under orbital shaking is developed. Reynolds numbers to the flow of viscous bio-samples in the micro-channel are calculated and the mixing process is analyzed. The experiment results of mixing monoolein with water are presented. In each trial, X-ray diffraction is used to evaluate the results which confirm that the proposed approach is valid, and reveal the relationship between the shaking speed and duration for a homogeneous mixing.
The Triassic conifer seed cone Glyptolepis

A new species of the voltzialean seed cone Glyptolepis is described from the Late Triassic of Germany. Specimens of Glyptolepis richteri sp. nov. are large (up to 14.0 cm long, 3.5 cm wide) and contain numerous small, helically arranged bract scale complexes. Each cone scale is composed of eight uniform lobes, each with an obtuse apex. The bract is fused to the long cone scale stalk and expands distally into a somewhat diamond-shaped laminar unit that completely covered the underlying cone scale. A reconsideration of other fossils assigned to Glyptolepis suggests that all except the type material of Glyptolepis keuperiana Schimper, are erroneously assigned to the genus. Although Glyptolepis is considered a key taxon in some concepts of conifer phylogeny, evidence is presented to suggest that most reconstructions of this genus are based on inaccurate interpretations of unrelated cones.
Transient analysis of large reflector antennas under pulse-type excitation

Unavoidable transient phenomena may affect the performance of reflector antennas used in pulsed radar systems. Time-domain physical optics is used to analyze such transient phenomena as transient-induced signal distortion. Analyses are made of the transient-state of a reflector antenna with pulse-type excitations and of the transient-time of a large paraboloidal reflector. Results are presented in a form suitable for radar system design. >
Open Calculus: A Free Online Learning Environment

Dartmouth College mathematicians have developed a free online calculus course called "Open Calculus." Open Calculus is an exportable distance-learning/self-study environment for learning calculus including written text, nearly 4000 online homework problems and instructional videos. The paper recounts the evaluation of course elements since 2000 in two experimental/control course situations involving nearly 300 students.
Investigation of the conformational dynamics of the apo A2A adenosine receptor

The activation/deactivation processes for G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) have been computationally studied for several different classes, including rhodopsin, the β2 adrenergic receptor, and the M2 muscarinic receptor. Despite determined cocrystal structures of the adenosine A2A receptor (A2A AR) in complex with antagonists, agonists and an antibody, the deactivation process of this GPCR is not completely understood. In this study, we investigate the convergence of two apo simulations, one starting with an agonist-bound conformation (PDB: 3QAK)(14) and the other starting with an antagonist-bound conformation (PDB: 3EML)(11) . Despite the two simulations not completely converging, we were able to identify distinct intermediate steps of the deactivation process characterized by the movement of Y288(7.53) in the NPxxY motif. We find that Y288(7.53) contributes to the process by forming hydrogen bonds to residues in transmembrane helices 2 and 7 and losing these interactions upon full deactivation. Y197(5.58) also plays a role in the process by forming a hydrogen bond only once the side chain moves from the lipid interface to the middle of the helical bundle.
Seasonal abundance, diet, and energy consumption of round gobies (Neogobius melanostomus) in Lake Erie tributary streams

Pennuto CM, Krakowiak PJ, Janik CE. Seasonal abundance, diet, and energy consumption of round gobies (Neogobius melanostomus) in Lake Erie tributary streams. Ecology of Freshwater Fish 2010: 19: 206–215. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S Abstract – The invasive round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) is a benthic invertivore that has become established in many lake and river systems of Europe and the United States, especially within the Great Lakes basin. Multiple reports document its negative impact on benthic macroinvertebrates and fishes in lakes and recent studies show fish and invertebrate communities in streams are equally at risk. We assessed the seasonal abundance of round gobies and their summer diet composition in tributary streams to Lake Erie. Populations of round gobies in the lower reaches of two tributary streams peaked in abundance in early fall, were absent in late winter, and reappeared in early spring, suggesting a possible out-migration to the lake in winter. Population size distributions show a peak recruitment of young round gobies in July and low-level recruitment through October. In this study, round gobies obtained most of their energy from amphipods, chironomids, and caddisflies compared to other invertebrates, and midges were consumed in greater proportion than their availability suggesting a preference for these prey. As the stream lacked molluscs, large round gobies remained generalist invertivores without a diet shift to molluscivory as has been reported in lake studies. The observations on recruitment and abundance, and possible out-migration suggest the lower reaches of tributary streams may act as source populations for lake-bound round gobies. It may be possible to take advantage of this out-migration behaviour as a control strategy to capture large numbers of round gobies each winter.
Discovery of HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors with Picomolar Affinities Incorporating N-Aryl-oxazolidinone-5-carboxamides as Novel P2 Ligands

Here, we describe the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel HIV-1 protease inhibitors incorporating N-phenyloxazolidinone-5-carboxamides into the (hydroxyethylamino)sulfonamide scaffold as P2 ligands. Series of inhibitors with variations at the P2 phenyloxazolidinone and the P2' phenylsulfonamide moieties were synthesized. Compounds with the (S)-enantiomer of substituted phenyloxazolidinones at P2 show highly potent inhibitory activities against HIV-1 protease. The inhibitors possessing 3-acetyl, 4-acetyl, and 3-trifluoromethyl groups at the phenyl ring of the oxazolidinone fragment are the most potent in each series, with K(i) values in the low picomolar (pM) range. The electron-donating groups 4-methoxy and 1,3-dioxolane are preferred at P2' phenyl ring, as compounds with other substitutions show lower binding affinities. Attempts to replace the isobutyl group at P1' with small cyclic moieties caused significant loss of affinities in the resulting compounds. Crystal structure analysis of the two most potent inhibitors in complex with the HIV-1 protease provided valuable information on the interactions between the inhibitor and the protease enzyme. In both inhibitor - enzyme complexes, the carbonyl group of the oxazolidinone ring makes hydrogenbond interactions with relatively conserved Asp29 residue of the protease. Potent inhibitors from each series incorporating various phenyloxazolidinone based P2 ligands were selected and their activities against a panel of multidrug-resistant (MDR) protease variants were determined. Interestingly, the most potent protease inhibitor starts out with extremely tight affinity for the wild-type enzyme (K(i) = 0.8 pM), and even against the MDR variants it retains picomolar to low nanomolar K(i), which is highly comparable with the best FDA-approved protease inhibitors.
Discontent and the Expected Utility of Rebellion: The Case of Peru

Discontent theories of rebellion postulate that politicized discontent will have a strong independent effect on individuals' potential to participate in rebellious political action. Expected utility theories postulate that participation in rebellious action is motivated by expectation of reward and that discontent is relevant at most only insofar as individuals expect that collective action can be successful and that their participation is important to that end. The AA. test these theories with data from a national sample and a sample of students at a protest-prone university in Peru, a country with significant objective conditions of discontent and a high incidence of rebellious political conflict. The results provide no evidence for the discontent models but strong support for the expected utility models. The potential for participation in rebellious political action proves to be a function primarily of discontent weighted by the expectancy of the action's success and the perceived importance of personal participation. Private social and normative rewards and costs also are relevant - but to a lesser extent - for the individual's calculation of the expected utility of participation
Electric potential and field computation along AC HV insulators

A modified charge simulation method for calculating the electric potential and field distribution along AC HV outdoor insulators is presented. The salient feature of this method is the significantly smaller number of unknowns and the corresponding reduction in computational complexity when compared to earlier charge simulation methods. Non-ceramic and ceramic suspension insulators of voltage ratings ranging from 115 to 500 kV, and non-ceramic line posts (115 and 230 kV) have been modeled under clean and dry surface conditions. Good agreement is obtained between the present calculations and measured data, calculated values using other numerical techniques and observations from service experience, which demonstrates the practical viability of the technique. >
Biosynthesis and biophysical analysis of domains of a yeast G protein-coupled receptor.

The alpha-factor receptor(Ste2p) is required for the sexual conjugation of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Ste2p belongs to the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family sharing a common heptahelical transmembrane structure. Biological synthesis of regions of Ste2p fused to a leader protein in Escherichia coli yielded milligram quantities of polypeptides that corresponded to one or two transmembrane domains. Fusion proteins were characterized by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, high performance liquid chromatography, and mass spectrometry. CD studies on the fusion proteins in trifluoroethanol:water mixtures indicated the existence of alpha-helical structures in the single- and the double-transmembrane domains. NMR experiments were performed in CDCl(3):CD(3)OH:H(2)O (4:4:1) on the (15)N-labeled single-transmembrane peptide showing a clear dispersion of the nitrogen-amide proton correlation cross peaks indicative of a high-purity, uniformly labeled molecule. The results indicate that single- and double-transmembrane domains of a GPCR can be produced by biosynthetic methods in quantities and purity sufficient for biophysical studies.
Scoring function for automated assessment of protein structure template quality

We have developed a new scoring function, the template modeling score (TM-score), to assess the quality of protein structure templates and predicted full-length models by extending the approaches used in Global Distance Test (GDT) 1 and MaxSub. 2 First, a protein size-dependent scale is exploited to eliminate the inherent protein size dependence of the previous scores and appropri- ately account for random protein structure pairs. Second, rather than setting specific distance cutoffs and calculating only the fractions with errors below the cutoff, all residue pairs in alignment/modeling are evaluated in the proposed score. For compari- son of various scoring functions, we have con- structed a large-scale benchmark set of structure templates for 1489 small to medium size proteins using the threading program PROSPECTOR_3 and built the full-length models using MODELLER and TASSER. The TM-score of the initial threading align- ments, compared to the GDT and MaxSub scoring functions, shows a much stronger correlation to the quality of the final full-length models. The TM-score is further exploited as an assessment of all 'new fold' targets in the recent CASP5 experiment and shows a close coincidence with the results of human-expert visual assessment. These data suggest that the TM- score is a useful complement to the fully automated assessment of protein structure predictions. The executable program of TM-score is freely download- able at http://bioinformatics.buffalo.edu/TM-score. aligned, the resulting full-length model might be of poorer quality. The template assessment problem becomes particu- larly relevant during the development of efficient fold recognition algorithms, since different sequence-structure alignment schemes or parameters can result in various levels of alignment confidence with an associated loss or gain of alignment coverage. 3- 6 Therefore, a single assess- ment score that has an appropriate balance of alignment accuracy and coverage and that is strongly related to the quality of the final full-length model is essential. Equally important, it must differentiate between a random and a statistically significant prediction. Highly related to the above problems, several interest- ing scoring functions have been developed for the purpose of sequence-dependent comparison of two structures of different lengths (in contrast to sequence-independent
MOLECULAR DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS OF CLUSTER IMPACTS ON METALLIC TARGETS

A modified version of the multiple-interaction code SPUT2 has been used to simulate impacts of 63-atom Cu clusters on six–layer Cu targets. Simulations were carried out with cutoff times of 100 and 500 fs for an incident cluster energy of 63 keV (1 keV/atom). Significant enhancements were observed in the maximum potential and kinetic energies achieved in the early phase of the collision cascade. Some hard collisions yielded atoms with potential energies as high as 925 eV (in the CM frame). This is almost twice the energy allowed in an isolated two-body collision. The number of hard collisions per time-step vs potential energy is well-fitted with a decaying exponential, allowing extrapolation to higher energies. These results together with similar results for Al clusters impacting Au targets suggest that non-linear collisional effects cannot explain the high D–D fusion rates seen in Beuhler, Friedlander, and Friedman's recent experiment.
A cellular protein, hnRNP H, binds to the negative regulator of splicing element from Rous sarcoma virus.

Incomplete RNA splicing is a key feature of the retroviral life cycle. This is in contrast to the processing of most cellular pre-mRNAs, which are usually spliced to completion. In Rous sarcoma virus, splicing control is achieved in part through acis-acting RNA element termed the negative regulator of splicing (NRS). The NRS is functionally divided into two parts termed NRS5′ and NRS3′, which bind a number of splicing factors. The U1 and U11 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins interact with sequences in NRS3′, whereas NRS5′ binds several proteins including members of the family of proteins. Among the proteins that specifically bind NRS5′ is a previously unidentified 55-kDa protein (p55). In this report we describe the isolation and identification of p55. The p55 binding site was localized by UV cross-linking to a 31-nucleotide segment, and a protein that binds specifically to it was isolated by RNA affinity selection and identified by mass spectrometry as hnRNP H. Antibodies against hnRNP H immunoprecipitated cross-linked p55 and induced a supershift of a p55-containing complex formed in HeLa nuclear extract. Furthermore, UV cross-linking and electrophoretic mobility shift assays indicated that recombinant hnRNP H specifically interacts with the p55 binding site, confirming that hnRNP H is p55. The possible roles of hnRNP H in NRS function are discussed.
Two decades of compositional and structural change in deciduous old-growth forests of Indiana, USA

Aims Using a network of permanent plots, we determined how multiple old-growth forests changed over an 18–19-year period at a statewide scale. This examination of change allowed us to assess how the compositional and structural stability of each forest varied with site characteristics (topography, physiography and productivity) and stochastic disturbance. Methods In 2011, we resampled 150 plots distributed across five oldgrowth hardwood forests in Indiana, USA that were originally sampled in 1992–1993. Within each plot, we relocated and remeasured the diameter at breast height (dbh) of all trees (≥10.0 cm) present during the 1992–1993 sample, w hich allowed us to track their individual fates through time for growth and mortality calculations. Trees that grew to ≥10.0 cm dbh since plot establishment were designated as ingrowth. The dbh and species of all saplings (stems ≥2.0 cm but <10.0 cm dbh) were also recorded. For each forest, we calculated density (stems ha −1 ), basal area (BA; m 2 ha −1 ) and importance value (relative density + relative BA)/2) of trees by species. For saplings, density per ha was calculated by species for each forest. We also calculated annual mortality rate (AMR) for three diameter classes (10–29.9, 30–59.9 and ≥60 cm) and species richness (S), evenness (E) and Shannon–Weiner diversity (Hʹ) for the tree and sapling layers. Differences between years were compared for each forest using paired t-tests and Wilcoxon signed rank tests. Important Findings Although we observed commonality in changes across some sites, our results suggest that these forests differ in their rates and trajectories of change. Changes in total stand BA and density varied across sites and were influenced by past disturbance and mortality rates. We observed a general increase in the overstory dominance of Acer saccharum coupled with a general decrease in the dominance of Quercus section Lobatae (red oak group) species. Mortality of overstory trees present in 1992–1993 ranged from 27 to 49% over the study period (mean AMR 1.6–3.7%). Most sites experienced greater mortality of early and mid-successional species, but one site experienced heavy mortality of Fagus grandifolia, a shade-tolerant late-successional species. Shade tolerant species, A. saccharum in particular, dominated the sapling layer at most sites. However, recruitment of this species into larger size classes did not occur uniformly across all sites and the species was comparatively uncommon at one site. Overall, our results suggest that oldgrowth remnants, even within a single state, cannot be viewed as equivalent units with regard to research or management. Stochastic disturbance events and surrounding land use may have amplified effects on small scattered remnants. Therefore, continued monitoring of these rare, but biologically important forests is critical to their long-term management and protection.
Gamma Decay of States of Y 88 Excited by the Sr 88 ( p , n ) Y 88 Reaction

The $^{88}\mathrm{Sr}(p,n)^{88}\mathrm{Y}$ and $^{88}\mathrm{Sr}(p,n\ensuremath{\gamma})^{88}\mathrm{Y}$ reactions have been used to study the excited states of $^{88}\mathrm{Y}$ up to an excitation energy of 1832 keV. Determinations of the excitation energies of 18 levels to an accuracy of \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1 and \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2 keV, for levels with excitation energies less than and greater than 800 keV, respectively, have been made. Angular distributions of five $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays deexciting states at 232, 393, 706, and 766 keV were measured and analyzed according to the statistical-model theory. This analysis confirms assignments of ${J}^{\ensuremath{\pi}}$ values of ${5}^{\ensuremath{-}}$, ${1}^{+}$, ${2}^{\ensuremath{-}}$, and ${0}^{+}$ to these respective states. Of particular interest is the ${2}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ level at 706 keV. The intensities of neutrons from the $^{88}\mathrm{Sr}(p,n)^{88}\mathrm{Y}$ reaction exciting levels up to 1832 keV have been compared with statistical-model calculations of the neutron yields to the respective states for particular assumed spin values. Consistent spin-parity assignments are given for many of the levels observed.
Monthly Advising Reports: A Technique to Demonstrate the Contributions of Advising Units

A centralized advising center promotes its value to the university community by generating monthly reports based on a functional analysis of academic advisor activities. The functions include advising, teaching, conducting workshops, giving lectures, performing research, providing departmental outreach, and advising student organizations. Each month the completed reports are submitted to administrators and faculty members to demonstrate the contributions of the Academic Advisement Center to the campus community.
Azimuth and envelope coding in the inferior colliculus of the unanesthetized rabbit: effect of reverberation and distance

Recognition and localization of a sound are the major functions of the auditory system. In real situations, the listener and different degrees of reverberation transform the signal between the sour...
Isolation, Identification, and Synthesis of the Sex Attractant of the Cabbage Looper, Trichoplusia ni

The sex attractant of the female cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hubner), was isolated and identified as cis -7-dodecen-1-ol acetate. The chemical structure of the attractant was verified by synthesis of the compound, which was as attractive as the natural product.
Servant Leadership in Sport for Development and Peace: A Way Forward

ABSTRACTThe field of sport for development and peace (SDP) has been growing exponentially, with many organizations and academics embracing the possible contribution that sport can make to development. To date, leadership in sport for development and peace has not been conceptualized. Perhaps due to the missions of sport for development and peace organizations, many of which focus on helping marginalized individuals, the leadership style needed to effectively guide a sport for development and peace organization may be different than that which is needed to lead other types of sport organizations. In this article, we advance that servant leadership, which is predicated on follower care and development, can be a highly effective leadership style in sport for development and peace. Through a series of propositions, we opine that servant leaders in sport for development and peace will empower followers, lead to more sustainable and effective organizations and participant outcomes, facilitate psychological need...
Analysis of Pneumoconiosis Cases in Zhenjiang City from 2006 to 2010

[Objective]To analyze the clinical characteristics of pneumoconiosis cases in Zhenjiang city from 2006 to 2010,to investigate the occurrence regularity and reasons,and provide a scientific basis for the development of pneumoconiosis control measures in Zhenjiang City. [Methods]The retrospective research method was adopted,according to the city's occupational disease report results,for statistical analysis of the confirmed pneumoconiosis cases in Zhenjiang City from 2006 to 2010,by the diagnosis of pneumoconiosis time,length of service,industry,age,etc. [Results]A total of 390 newly diagnosed cases were reported in Zhenjiang City during 2006-2010.The average length of service for onset of pneumoconiosis was(18.4±6.5) years,the average age of onset was(54±10.5) years of age.The largest number of new cases was 202 cases of silicosis(51.79%),followed by coal workers' pneumoconiosis,welders' pneumoconiosis and cement pneumoconiosis(158 cases,40.51%).Most patients worked in building materials industry(24.36%,95 cases),followed by the construction industry(21.03%,82),the third was the power industry(17.44%,68 cases),the fourth was the mining industry(16.92%,66 cases). [Conclusion]The prevention of pneumoconiosis should be strengthen in the building materials industry,construction industry,power industry and mining industry.
The Traditional Social Contract Theory

The social contract theory is the most prominent account of authority in the last 400 years of philosophy and has as good a claim as any to being America’s theory of authority. The theory holds that, at least in some countries, there is a contractual relationship between the government and its citizens. The contract requires the government to provide certain services for the population, notably protection from private criminals and hostile foreign governments. In return, citizens agree to pay their taxes and obey the laws.1 Some views of the social contract assign the government a larger role, perhaps including providing for the basic needs of indigent citizens, ensuring an equitable distribution of material resources, and so on.2 Whatever a particular theorist takes to be the state’s legitimate functions, the theorist will argue that the social contract both authorizes and obligates the state to perform those functions.
Poking Out the Inner Eye

Although the understanding of introspection as a kind of inner perception is common and deep-rooted in ordinary, philosophical, and scientific conceptions of the mind, there are good reasons to think that the inner perception model of introspection is flawed and ultimately untenable.1 In this chapter, I will explain some of those reasons, detailing physiological, phenomenological, functional, and evolutionary problems that inner perception accounts face. More specifically, I will argue that there is a) no physiologically-identifiable faculty of introspection, b) no perceptual phenomenology of mental objects, with no distinctive qualitative character by which they appear, c) no perceptual account of the recursive functions that introspection performs, and d) no plausible evolutionary explanation of an inner perception function. Whichever of these angles one takes on the matter, the notion of inner perception does not hold up to close scrutiny. Collectively, these reasons constitute a strong case against the existence of anything like a mind’s eye, as a distinctive faculty through which we somehow literally perceive the contents of our own mind.
Service Providers' Perspectives on Permanent Supportive Housing for Families:

This article examines the perspectives and experiences of staff who work for a pilot permanent supportive housing program for families. The program follows Housing First principles by providing supportive housing to chronically homeless families with disabling conditions (typically substance abuse and/or mental health issues). Nine service providers participated in in-depth, semistructured interviews in which they described their experiences with the program, including facilitators and barriers to providing high-quality services for this difficult-to-serve population. The findings indicate that stabilizing families is particularly challenging in part because of the complexity of their needs, both material and instrumental, that are dynamic and ongoing. Implications for practice are discussed, as the Housing First model, established as a best practice for single adults, is applied to families.
Spatial fit between water quality policies and hydrologic ecosystem services in an urbanizing agricultural landscape

Sustaining hydrologic ecosystem services is critical for human wellbeing but challenged by land use for agriculture and urban development. Water policy and management strive to safeguard hydrologic services, yet implementation is often fragmented. Understanding the spatial fit between water polices and hydrologic services is needed to assess the spatial targeting of policy portfolios at landscape scales. We investigated spatial fit between 30 different public water policies and four hydrologic services (surface and groundwater quality, freshwater supply, and flood regulation) in the Yahara Watershed (Wisconsin, USA)—a Midwestern landscape that typifies tensions between agriculture, urban development, and freshwater resources. Spatial extent of water policy implementation was mapped, and indicators of hydrologic services were quantified for subwatersheds using empirical estimates and validated spatial models. We found a spatial misfit between the overall spatial implementation of water policy and regions of water quality concern, indicating a need for better targeting. Water quality policies can also be leveraged to protect other hydrologic services such as freshwater supply and flood regulation. Individual policy application areas varied substantially in their spatial congruence with each hydrologic service, indicating that not all services are protected by a single policy and highlighting the need for a broad spectrum of policies to sustain hydrologic services in diverse landscapes. We also identified where future policies could be targeted for improving hydrologic services. Joint spatial analysis of policies and ecosystem services is effective for assessing spatial aspects of institutional fit, and provides a foundation for guiding future policy efforts.
Sofosbuvir and Simeprevir Therapy for Recurrent Hepatitis C Infection After Liver Transplantation.

Chronic hepatitis C infection (CHC) is the leading cause for orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) in the United States.1 Recurrence of CHC is almost universal among patients who are viremic at the time of OLT. Cirrhosis of the liver allograft develops in 30% of patients within 5 years after OLT2 and is the leading cause of graft loss among OLT patients with CHC. The rate of liver decompensation among cirrhotic patients with recurrent CHC after liver transplant is more rapid, and survival is shortened compared with immunocompetent CHC patients.3 However, eradication of hepatitis C virus (HCV) after liver transplant improves allograft and patient survivals.3,4 Previously, antiviral therapy in posttransplant setting with interferon or pegylated-interferon (Peg-IFN) and ribavirin was challenging, including low rates of sustained virological response (SVR), poor tolerability, and high rates of treatment discontinuation due to adverse events.5 Addition of protease inhibitors, boceprevir or telaprevir, resulted in improved SVR rates. However, poor tolerability, drug-drug interaction with tacrolimus and cyclosporine, as well as high rates of adverse events (including deaths) limited the use of these agents in the posttransplant setting.6-9 Sofosbuvir is a potent pan-genotypic inhibitor of the HCV NS5B polymerase inhibitor which is administered once daily. A multicenter study recently reported sofosbuvir and ribavirin combination therapy for 24 weeks in patients with compensated recurrent CHC after OLT with 70% of patients achieving SVR. Adverse events were uncommon but anemia was reported in 20% of patients.10 Simeprevir is a once daily HCV NS3/4A protease inhibitor which was first approved for use in combination with Peg-IFN and ribavirin to treat genotype 1 CHC patients.11-13 The combination of simeprevir and sofosbuvir, with or without ribavirin administered for 12 or 24 weeks, has been shown to be efficacious and well tolerated in immunocompetent CHC genotype 1 patients.14 The SVR12 was observed in 92% to 94% of patients, even in those with characteristics historically associated with low treatment success.14 The SVR rates were similar irrespective of duration of treatment or coadministration of ribavirin. As a result of these findings, the vast majority of prescriptions for simeprevir are written for the simeprevir/sofosbuvir combination15 and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved this regimen for use in immunocompetent CHC genotype 1 patients in November 2014.16 Based on the promising results of combination simeprevir/sofosbuvir therapy in immunocompetent CHC patients, we conducted this retrospective study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a 12-week course of combination oral simeprevir and sofosbuvir in liver transplant recipients with recurrent genotype 1, hepatitis C infection.
Spray deposited poly-3-hexylthiophene thin film transistors

Organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) are attractive for large-area and low-cost applications such as display backplanes, environmental sensors, and radio-frequency identification circuits. However, these size and cost advantages cannot be leveraged by the most common techniques used in OTFT fabrication, i.e., spin coating or inkjet printing, because both methods are inherently slow. Spray deposition of organic thin films provides an alternative high throughput processing scheme in which large areas can be coated quickly. Although spray painted organic solar cells have been previously demonstrated, there is currently almost no work that discusses spray deposited OTFTs. In this work, fabrication of poly-3-hexylthiophene (P3HT) transistors via a spray deposition technique is investigated, and their resulting properties are compared to that of spin coated OTFTs.
Area-level reduction of wheeling loop flows in regional power networks

This paper introduces a new framework for modeling wheeling loop flows across areas not directly involved in bilateral trades. This framework decomposes each wheeling loop flow into a linear combination of contributions by the individual bilateral trades. It has zooming-in and zooming-out capabilities for modeling the level of details of interest. The zoomed-in network representations neglect interconnections while treating areas fully disconnected from the rest of the network. This feature allows to have distributed algorithms with completely decentralized decision making. In this framework, we formulate distributed algorithms for wheeling loop flow reduction which do not require individual areas to reveal their internal generation and load. Loop flow minimization is achieved by rescheduling generation within areas directly involved in bilateral trades. Since this rescheduling leads to a more expensive economic dispatch, we define a new Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problem that accounts for wheeling charges and generation cost. Simulation results are illustrated on the IEEE 14-bus system and the RTS 96-bus system.
Multiple-hook fixation in revision spinal deformity surgery for patients with a previous multilevel fusion mass: technical note and preliminary outcomes.

OBJECTIVE A previous multilevel fusion mass encountered during revision spinal deformity surgery may obscure anatomical landmarks, making instrumentation unworkable or incurring substantial blood loss and operative time. This study introduced a surgical technique of multiple-hook fixation for fixating previous multilevel fusion masses in revision spinal deformity surgeries and then evaluated its outcomes. METHODS Patients with a previous multilevel fusion mass who underwent revision corrective surgery down to the lumbosacral junction were retrospectively studied. Multiple hooks were used to fixate the fusion mass and linked to distal pedicle screws in the lumbosacral-pelvic complex. Radiological and clinical outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS The charts of 8 consecutive patients with spinal deformity were retrospectively reviewed (7 women, 1 man; mean age 56 years). The primary diagnoses included flat-back deformity (6 cases), thoracolumbar kyphoscoliosis (1 case), and lumbar spondylosis secondary to a prev...
Marginal Zone B-Cell Lymphoma

Marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) of extranodal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma), nodal MZL, and splenic B-cell MZL share similar morphologic and immunophenotypic features. All are proliferations of small B lymphoid cells that colonize the marginal zone of reactive germinal centers (GC). These cells were previously described as “centrocyte-like” because their nuclei resemble those of small cleaved follicle center B cells, with slightly irregular nuclear contours, condensed chromatin, and inconspicuous nucleoli, but with more abundant pale cytoplasm. Although the different subtypes of MZL share histologic and immunophenotypic features, they have different clinical, cytogenetic, and molecular genetic features.
An Investigation of Dust Storms Observed with the Mars Color Imager

Abstract Daily global imaging by the Mars Color Imager (MARCI) continues the record of the Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) and has allowed creation of a long-duration record of Martian dust storms. We observe dust storms over the first two Mars years of the MARCI record, including tracking individual storms over multiple sols, as well as tracking the growth and recession of the seasonal polar caps. Using the combined 6 Mars year record of textured dust storms (storms with visible textures on the observed dust cloud tops), we study the relationship between textured dust storm activity and meteorology (as simulated by the MarsWRF general circulation model) and surface properties. We find that textured dust storms preferentially occur in places and seasons with above average surface wind stress. Textured dust storm occurrence also has a modest linear anti-correlation with surface albedo (−0.43) and topography (−0.40). Lastly, we perform an empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis on the distribution of occurrence of textured dust storms and find that over 50% of the variance in textured dust storm activity can be explained by two EOF modes. We associate the first EOF mode with cap-edge storms just before Ls = 180° and the second EOF mode with flushing dust storms that occur from Ls = 180–210° and again near Ls = 320°.