cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Income and Cognitive Stimulation as Moderators of the Association Between Family Structure and Preschoolers’ Emerging Literacy and Math

This study examined household income and maternal cognitive stimulation as moderators of the association between family structure and 48-month-old child emerging literacy and math skills. The data set was the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study–Birth cohort (N = 7,300). Controlling for selection factors (race/ethnicity, child gender, maternal education, maternal depression, child attendance in preschool/day care, and 9-month child cognition), the study found support for the moderation hypothesis for household income and maternal cognitive stimulation. The main take-home message was that resources such as household income and mothers’ cognitive stimulation seem to be more strongly and positively associated with early literacy and math skills among children with married parents in comparison to children living in stable single-mother households, stable cohabiting households, or households in which mothers transition from married to single parent. Cognitive stimulation partially mediated the moderating effect...
On the identity of Graphicomassa albina (Kiener, 1841) (Gastropoda: Columbellidae)

ABSTRACT Investigation of the types of Columbella albina Kiener, 1841 indicate that this species is a junior synonym of Graphicomassa ligula (Duclos, 1840), leaving the species typically identified as Graphicomassa albina (Kiener, 1841) without a name. The species is quite variable and has inspired a number of synonyms over the years; the oldest of these, Colombella adiostina Duclos, 1840, now becomes the basis for the valid name for this species. In this paper, Graphicomassa ligula and G. adiostina n. comb. are both discussed comparatively.
Black Women in America: An Annotated Bibliography

(1971). Black Women in America: An Annotated Bibliography. The Black Scholar: Vol. 3, The Black Woman, pp. 42-53.
The association between metabolic syndrome and pressure ulcers among individuals living with spinal cord injury

The objective of this study was to identify the relationship between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and pressure ulcers (PrU), after controlling for demographic and injury characteristics, socioeconomic factors, health behaviors and fatigue among participants with spinal cord injury (SCI). This cross-sectional study recruited 350 participants with SCI from a hospital in the western region of the USA. Blood tests and physical examination were performed. Waist circumference, high-density cholesterol, triglycerides, blood pressure and fasting glucose were used to diagnose MetS according to Criteria for Clinical Diagnosis of Metabolic Syndrome defined by the American Heart Association. All other variables were self-reported. Three-stage multivariate logistic regression models were conducted to evaluate the effects of three sequential sets of predictors, including demographic/injury, socio-environmental/behavioral and health factors, basing the order of analysis on the Theoretical Risk and Prevention Model. The prevalence of PrU and MetS was 11.0% (n=36) and 35.3% (n=115), respectively. Ethnicity, smoking, alcohol consumption and MetS were statistically associated with PrU in the full model. Participants who were non-Hispanic (odds ratio (OR)=10.30, 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.46–30.65), smokers (OR=2.69, 95% CI: 1.00–7.27) and drank over 30 drinks per month (OR=5.26, 95% CI: 1.24–22.26) had greater odds of having a PrU compared with those who were Hispanic, non-smokers and non-drinkers, respectively. We also observed a positive association between MetS and PrU (ORMetS=3.71, 95% CI: 1.45–9.52), even after controlling for all other factors. Participants who had MetS had higher odds of PrU than those without MetS after adjusting for multiple covariates. Unhealthy behaviors such as smoking and excess drinking were positively associated with PrU.
Application of Computer Monitoring and Control System in Gangnan Reservoir's Gate

The application of PLC control automation technology in the Gate Control is introduced in detail. With the application example of Siemens S7-300 series PLC in the computer monitoring system of Gangnan Reservoir gate,the important role played by gate control system for improving scientific management level and safe operation are analyzed. Meanwhile,detailed analysis and treatment of concrete technical problems in the project are also illustrated.
Hyperbolic Harmonic Mapping for Surface Registration

Automatic computation of surface correspondence via harmonic map is an active research field in computer vision, computer graphics and computational geometry. It may help document and understand physical and biological phenomena and also has broad applications in biometrics, medical imaging and motion capture industries. Although numerous studies have been devoted to harmonic map research, limited progress has been made to compute a diffeomorphic harmonic map on general topology surfaces with landmark constraints. This work conquers this problem by changing the Riemannian metric on the target surface to a hyperbolic metric so that the harmonic mapping is guaranteed to be a diffeomorphism under landmark constraints. The computational algorithms are based on Ricci flow and nonlinear heat diffusion methods. The approach is general and robust. We employ our algorithm to study the constrained surface registration problem which applies to both computer vision and medical imaging applications. Experimental results demonstrate that, by changing the Riemannian metric, the registrations are always diffeomorphic and achieve relatively high performance when evaluated with some popular surface registration evaluation standards.
Triacylglycerol synthesis in the different skeletal muscle fiber sections of the rat

Triacylglycerol (TG) synthesis rates of low-oxidative fast-twitch white and high-oxidative fast- and slow-twitch red skeletal muscle fiber sections of adult rats were measured by the incorporation ...
Related expression of arachidonate 12- and 15-lipoxygenases in animal and human lung tissue.

We examined the immunohistochemical distribution of the arachidonate 12- and 15-lipoxygenases in anima l and human lung tissue using a polyclonal anti-12/15-lipoxygenase antibody. Immunoblotting of whole cell extracts fro m bovine and human tracheal epithelial cells or from bovine leukocytes with the antibody (raised originally against pu rified porcine leukocyte 12-lipoxygenase) showed immunoperoxidase staining of a single protein band (Mr = 72,000), whi ch com igrated with purified bovine 12-lipoxygenase. The antibody also immunoprecipitated both 12- and 15-lipoxygenase activities from cytosolic fractions of bovine and human tracheal epithelial cells. Immunohistochemistry of formaldehyd e-fixed and paraffin-embedded bovine (and ovine and canine) trachea using the same polyclonal antibody and an indirect biotin-avidin-peroxidase detection system demonstrated specific staining of tracheal epithelium, polymorphonuclear and mononuclear leukocytes, and perineural cells. Less intense staining of submucosal glands and blood vessels was also ob served. Lung sections demonstrated that the level of lipoxygenase antigen decreased markedly by the level of the bronc hi and was absent in more distal airways. A similar pattern of immunostaining was found in human lung, except that air way smooth muscle was also weakly reactive, and polymorphonuclear (neutrophilic) leukocytes were unstained (in accorda nce with the low 12/15-lipoxygenase activity in this cell type). We conclude that animal and human epithelial 12/15-li poxygenases share enzymatic, antigenic, and regional distribution characteristics and may therefore possess a common f unction in the pulmonary airway.
Computed Tomography/Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Adrenocortical Carcinoma

This chapter describes the imaging features of adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) and their use in detection, staging, and follow-up of the disease. The diagnostic imaging modalities most commonly used for this purpose are computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and FDG-positron emission tomography (PET).
Bias-variance tradeoffs analysis using uniform CR bound for a SPECT system

The authors quantify fundamental bias-variance tradeoffs for the image reconstruction problem in radio-pharmaceutical tomography using Cramer-Rao (CR) bound analysis. The image reconstruction problem is very often biased and the classical or the unbiased CR bound on the mean square error performance of the estimator can not be used. The authors use a recently developed "uniform" CR bound which applies to biased estimators whose bias gradient satisfies a user specified length constraint. The authors demonstrate the use of the "uniform" CR bound for a simple SPECT system using several different examples. >
Psychopathology profiles of acutely suicidal adolescents: Associations with post-discharge suicide attempts and rehospitalization

Background Suicidal adolescents are heterogeneous, which can pose difficulties in predicting suicidal behavior. The Youth Self-Report (YSR) psychopathology profiles predict the future onset of psychopathology and suicide-related outcomes. The present study examined the prevalence and correlates of YSR psychopathology profiles among suicidal adolescents and prospective associations with post-discharge rates of suicide attempts and psychiatric rehospitalization.
Christian Democracy without Romance: The Perils of Religious Politics from a Public Choice Perspective

ABSTRACTChristian Democracy is often championed as a romantic means of bringing ethical considerations for the common good into the daily life of politics. Public choice theory, on the other hand, reveals that the search for the common good is quixotic amidst divergent policy preferences within a nation. While there may be a handful of values that are accepted by nearly all citizens (e.g., prohibitions on murder), more mundane policy choices will likely promote differences of opinion. Given the often arbitrary nature of voting procedures, the ability of one faction to manipulate the vote choice, and the self-interested behavior of politicians to be re-elected, political parties will inevitably alienate some portion of the citizenry. Attaching Christianity to short-term political outcomes serves to undermine its long-term goal of promoting God's mission. Nonetheless, the Catholic concept of subsidiarity is congruent with many of the findings of public choice theory and offers a way for Christians to engage...
Target Cell Detection via Microfluidic Magnetic Beads Assay

We present a novel cell detection device based on a magnetic bead cell assay and microfluidic Coulter counting technology. The device can detect specific target cells ratios, as well as cells size distribution and concentrations. The device consists of two identical micro Coulter counters separated by a fluid chamber where an external magnetic field is applied. Target cells conjugated with magnetic beads are retarded by the magnetic field; transit time of a target cell passing through the second counter is longer than that through the first counter. In comparison, a non-target cell transit through two counters with nearly the same time. We demonstrated the transit time delay increased approximately linearly with the increasing target cell concentration. The limit of detection (LOD) of the assay was estimated to be 5.6% in terms of target cell ratio.Copyright © 2016 by ASME
Phase I study of plerixafor and bevacizumab in recurrent high-grade glioma.

TPS2080 Background: Although anti-angiogenic therapy for high-grade glioma is promising, responses are not durable. The SDF-1/CXCR4 axis may help mediate resistance to VEGFR inhibition. Plerixafor ...
Features of familiality in a cohort of patients (pts) with sarcoma.

1547 Background: Sarcomas occur in a number of cancer predisposition syndromes, yet genetic evaluation is rarely recommended for sarcoma pts. We broadly reviewed the family cancer histories of unse...
Association Between Heart Rate and Subclinical Cerebrovascular Disease in the Elderly.

Background and Purpose— Although increased heart rate (HR) is a predictor of cardiovascular events and mortality, its possible association with subclinical cerebrovascular disease, which is prevalent in the elderly, has not been evaluated. This study aimed to investigate the association of daytime, nighttime, 24-hour HR, and HR variability with subclinical cerebrovascular disease in an elderly cohort without history of stroke. Methods— The study cohort consisted of 680 participants (mean age, 73±7 years; 42% men) in sinus rhythm who underwent 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure and HR monitoring, 2-dimensional echocardiography, and brain magnetic resonance imaging as part of the CABL study (Cardiac Abnormalities and Brain Lesion). Subclinical cerebrovascular disease was defined as silent brain infarcts and white matter hyperintensity volume (WMHV). The relationship of HR measures with the presence of silent brain infarct and upper quartile of log WMHV (log WMHV4) was analyzed. Results— Presence of silent brain infarct was detected in 93 participants (13.7%); mean log WMHV was −0.92±0.93 (median, −1.05; min, −5.88; max, 1.74). Multivariate analysis showed that only nighttime HR (adjusted odds ratio, 1.29 per 10 bpm; 95% confidence interval, 1.03–1.61; P =0.026) was significantly associated with log WMHV4, independent of traditional cardiovascular risk factors, ambulatory systolic blood pressure, and echocardiographic parameters. No similar association was observed for daytime HR and HR variability. There was no significant association between all HR measures and silent brain infarct. Conclusions— In a predominantly elderly cohort, elevated nighttime HR was associated with WMHV, suggesting an independent role of HR in subclinical cerebrovascular disease.
Altered compensatory cytokine signaling underlies the discrepancy between Flt3-/- and Flt3l-/- mice.

The receptor Flt3 and its ligand Flt3L are both critical for dendritic cell (DC) development, but DC deficiency is more severe in Flt3l-/- mice than in Flt3-/- mice. This has led to speculation that Flt3L binds to another receptor that also supports DC development. However, we found that Flt3L administration does not generate DCs in Flt3-/- mice, arguing against a second receptor. Instead, Flt3-/- DC progenitors matured in response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) or stem cell factor, and deletion of Csf1r in Flt3-/- mice further reduced DC development, indicating that these cytokines could compensate for Flt3. Surprisingly, Flt3-/- DC progenitors displayed enhanced M-CSF signaling, suggesting that loss of Flt3 increased responsiveness to other cytokines. In agreement, deletion of Flt3 in Flt3l-/- mice paradoxically rescued their severe DC deficiency. Thus, multiple cytokines can support DC development, and the discrepancy between Flt3-/- and Flt3l-/- mice results from the increased sensitivity of Flt3-/- progenitors to these cytokines.
Correlating Li+-Solvation Structure and its Electrochemical Reaction Kinetics with Sulfur in Subnano Confinement.

Combining theoretical and experimental approaches, we investigate the solvation properties of Li+ ions in a series of ether solvents (dimethoxyethane, diglyme, triglyme, tetraglyme, and 15-crown-5) and their subsequent effects on the solid-state lithium–sulfur reactions in subnano confinement. The ab initio and classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations predict Li+ ion solvation structures within ether solvents in excellent agreement with experimental evidence from electrospray ionization-mass spectroscopy. An excellent correlation is also established between the Li+-solvation binding energies from the ab initio MD simulations and the lithiation overpotentials obtained from galvanostatic intermittent titration techniques (GITT). These findings convincingly indicate that a stronger solvation binding energy imposes a higher lithiation overpotential of sulfur in subnano confinement. The mechanistic understanding achieved at the electronic and atomistic level of how Li+-solvation dictates its electrochemic...
Cardiovascular adjustments during anticipated postural changes

Abstract It is well‐documented that feedforward cardiovascular responses occur at the onset of exercise, but it is unclear if such responses are associated with other types of movements. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that feedforward cardiovascular responses occur when a passive (imposed) 60° head‐up tilt is anticipated, such that changes in heart rate and carotid artery blood flow (CBF) commence prior to the onset of the rotation. A light cue preceded head‐up tilts by 10 sec, and heart rate and CBF were determined for 5‐sec time periods prior to and during tilts. Even after these stimuli were provided for thousands of trials spanning several months, no systematic changes in CBF and heart rate occurred prior to tilts, and variability in cardiovascular adjustments during tilt remained substantial over time. We also hypothesized that substitution of 20° for 60° tilts in a subset of trials would result in exaggerated cardiovascular responses (as animals expected 60° tilts), which were not observed. These data suggest that cardiovascular adjustments during passive changes in posture are mainly elicited by feedback mechanisms, and that anticipation of passive head‐up tilts does not diminish the likelihood that a decrease in carotid blood flow will occur during the movements.
Lessons from Project LISTEN: What Have We Learned from a Reading Tutor That Listens?

For 20+ years, Project LISTEN (www.cs.cmu.edu/~listen) has made computers listen to children read aloud, and help them learn to read. Along the way we have learned lessons about children, reading, speech technology, intelligent tutors, educational data mining, and doing AIED research in schools.
Sensescapes of Precarity in El salario del gigante by José Ardillo, Madrid: frontera by David Llorente, and Nos mienten by Eduardo Vaquerizo

This chapter examines sensory landscapes, or sensescapes, in the novels El salario del gigante (The Salary of the Giant) (2011) by Jose Ardillo, Madrid: frontera (Madrid: Border) (2016) by David Llorente, and Nos mienten (They Are Lying to Us) (2015) by Eduardo Vaquerizo, all of which may be considered dystopias of precarity. The sensescapes accentuate the abjection experienced by Indignados (Indignant Ones) who live in poverty and whose close ties with their resource-scarce environments are an indicator of their difficulties in controlling their surroundings and maintaining their dignity. Tensions among socioeconomic classes are underscored by acts of contamination and purification. Unequal access to technology, which is able to augment or even supplant the senses, also plays a role in the construction of social class.
Pilot Testing the Clinically Aligned Pain Assessment (CAPA) Measure.

Abstract Background Pain is one of the most common symptoms experienced by patients in acute care hospitals and acutely ill patients experience both acute and chronic pain. Unrelieved pain can have a profound negative impact on individuals’ functional status, well-being, quality of life, and satisfaction with care. For providers, managing pain can be challenging. While the numeric rating scale is widely accepted and used, it measures only pain intensity. CAPA® pain assessment offers an alternative approach in which providers have a conversation with patients about pain and how it impacts five key areas. Aims The purpose of this pilot project was to evaluate provider and patient satisfaction with the CAPA® measure as compared to a numeric rating scale when evaluating patients’ experience with pain. Design A mixed methods qualitative design was employed. Setting This study was conducted at a 247-bed community teaching hospital in Providence, RI. Participants The target sample included patients admitted to the study units and providers who delivered care to patients on the study units and used the numeric rating scale and the CAPA® method of assessment. Methods In focus groups, nurses and physicians were asked about satisfaction with evaluating patients’ pain with the numeric rating scale as compared to CAPA®. During a one-to-one interview, patients were asked to describe their impressions of the two assessment measures. Results Nurses, physicians, and patients were satisfied that CAPA® effectively evaluated pain and provided more information about pain than the numeric rating scale. Conclusions CAPA® is recommended as a supporting assessment to evaluate patients’ pain experience in acute care.
Research Motivations and Undergraduate Researchers’ Disciplinary Identity:

Disciplinary identity, or connection to a particular academic discipline, is constructed through a developmental process across a scholar’s academic life course. Using unique data from an online su...
Noncontact Speckle Contrast Diffuse Correlation Tomography of Blood Flow Distributions in Burn Wounds: A Preliminary Study.

INTRODUCTION Tissue injuries are often associated with abnormal blood flow (BF). The ability to assess BF distributions in injured tissues enables objective evaluation of interventions and holds the potential to improve the acute management of these injuries on battlefield. MATERIALS AND METHODS We have developed a novel speckle contrast diffuse correlation tomography (scDCT) system for noncontact 3D imaging of tissue BF distributions. In scDCT, a galvo mirror was used to remotely project near-infrared point light to different source positions and an electron multiplying charge-coupled-device was used to detect boundary diffuse speckle contrasts. The normalized boundary data were then inserted into a modified Near-Infrared Fluorescence and Spectral Tomography program for 3D reconstructions of BF distributions. This article reports the first application of scDCT for noncontact 3D imaging of BF distributions in burn wounds. RESULTS Significant lower BF values were observed in the burned areas/volumes compared to surrounding normal tissues. CONCLUSIONS The unique noncontact 3D imaging capability makes the scDCT applicable for intraoperative assessment of burns/wounds, without risk of infection and without interfering with sterility of the surgical field. The portable scDCT device holds the potential to be used by surgeons in combat surgical hospitals to improve the acute management of battlefield burn injuries.
Probing the evidence: Can we bridge the theory-practice gap in language research? Book Review

This manuscript reviews Sato and Loewen (Eds.) book " Evidence-Based Second Language Pedagogy: A Collection of Instructed Second Language Acquisition Studies" which aim to provide researchers and L2 teachers with empirical evidence which can inform both SLA theories and L2 teaching .
Properties and potential food applications of lauric arginate as a cationic antimicrobial.

Abstract Lauric arginate (LAE, ethyl-Nα-lauroyl-L-arginate hydrochloride) is synthesized from food components lauric acid and L-arginine and is quickly hydrolyzed to lauric acid and L-arginine in vivo. The antimicrobial properties and low toxicity are the basis for approval as a generally recognized as safe (GRAS) preservative at a level of up to 200 ppm in certain food products in the United States such as meat, poultry, and cheese and a safe food preservative up to 225 ppm in the European Union. These developments have generated great interest to apply LAE to improve the safety and quality of food products. In the present review, physicochemical and toxicological properties are first discussed. Antimicrobial properties and mechanisms of LAE in microbiological media, and antimicrobials used in combination with LAE aiming to achieve synergistic activities are then reviewed. The physical basis of reduced antimicrobial activities of LAE in food matrices is discussed, and studies applying LAE in meat, poultry, dairy, produce, and low-moisture foods and food-contact surfaces are summarized. Antimicrobial properties of LAE in emulsion systems and potential packaging films are also discussed for potential novel applications to improve the application in food systems. Finally, the possible impact of LAE on food sensory properties is reviewed along with some perspectives on research needs in the science and technology of LAE for use as a food antimicrobial preservative.
CS0++ broadening computer science at the entry level: interdisciplinary science and computer science

The National Science Foundation has noted declining enrollments in computing, increasing workforce needs for graduates, and changes in the computing education needed in the future. They thus sponsored four regional workshops which each suggested ways to increase enrollments: multiple entry points to the undergraduate major, better presentation of computing careers, interdisciplinary courses and projects, and innovative approaches to computer science (CS) minors. This paper describes a quarter-long full time interdisciplinary program for entry-level mathematics, science, and CS students, designed to broaden the current curriculum in response to a drop in CS enrollments and thus to better retain majors and attract students from other disciplines as minors. The program met several strategic directions identified by the NSF workshops. Organized around a forest ecology case study, the program integrated an entry level study of CS with statistics, ecology, and the philosophy and history of science. This paper describes that program, and suggests how the curricular design and materials are exportable to other institutions as linked courses or an interdisciplinary case study.
Uplift Capacity of Light-Frame Rafter to Top Plates Connections Applied with Elastomeric Construction Adhesives

AbstractThe effects of the application of elastomeric construction adhesives on the wind uplift resistance of light-frame wood connections were investigated and are presented in this paper. Previou...
Risk factors for heterotopic ossification in operatively treated proximal humeral fractures.

Aims Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a potentially devastating complication of the surgical treatment of a proximal humeral fracture. The literature on the rate and risk factors for the developmen...
CE Article: Nursing-Placed Midline Catheters and Ultrasound-Guided Peripheral IVs Promote More Appropriate Catheter Selection

Highlights Popularity of PICCs and concerns about their overuse have increased in recent years. A VAT was established at a large, tertiary care hospital to meet growing PICC demand. MLC and USGPIV ...
Structure-based predictors of resistance to the HIV-1 integrase inhibitor Elvitegravir.

Abstract The enzyme integrase (IN) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) mediates integration of reverse transcribed viral DNA into the human genome, an essential step in the HIV-1 replication cycle. Elvitegravir (EVG) is an HIV-1 strand transfer inhibitor that binds IN and is the second drug in its class to be approved for clinical use in combination with other anti-HIV-1 medications. However, certain IN sequence mutational patterns have an effect on inhibitor binding, thereby altering the degree of IN mutant susceptibility to EVG. Employing a dataset of 115 translated IN sequences, each having a known EVG susceptibility value and consisting of a distinct set of amino acid replacements relative to the native IN, here we develop and evaluate statistical learning models for predicting the phenotypes (i.e., quantified EVG susceptibilities) of new IN mutants based solely on their genotypes (i.e., translated IN sequences). Each IN mutant is represented as a feature vector of structure-based attributes obtained via an in silico mutagenesis procedure that quantifies all anticipated IN residue-specific environmental perturbations from wild type upon mutation. Cross-validated performance based on four classification models show that balanced accuracy reaches 87%, while two regression models yield a Pearson’s correlation coefficient as high as r = 0.78. At the present time, the models may potentially be useful for diagnostic purposes, but only in conjunction with other tools and techniques, including experimental phenotype assays. However, as published experimental phenotypes for new IN variants become available, a larger and more diverse training set will likely lead to significantly more accurate models.
Starting-point-independent quantum Monte Carlo calculations of iron oxide

Quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) methods are useful for studies of strongly correlated materials because they are many body in nature and use the physical Hamiltonian. Typical calculations assume as a starting point a wave function constructed from single-particle orbitals obtained from one-body methods, e.g., density functional theory. However, mean-field-derived wave functions can sometimes lead to systematic QMC biases if the mean-field result poorly describes the true ground state. Here, we study the accuracy and flexibility of QMC trial wave functions using variational and fixed-node diffusion QMC estimates of the total spin density and lattice distortion of antiferromagnetic iron oxide (FeO) in the ground state $B1$ crystal structure. We found that for relatively simple wave functions the predicted lattice distortion was controlled by the choice of single-particle orbitals used to construct the wave function, rather than by subsequent wave function optimization techniques within QMC. By optimizing the orbitals with QMC, we then demonstrate starting-point independence of the trial wave function with respect to the method by which the orbitals were constructed by demonstrating convergence of the energy, spin density, and predicted lattice distortion for two qualitatively different sets of orbitals. The results suggest that orbital optimization is a promising method for accurate many-body calculations of strongly correlated condensed phases.
Medial prefrontal cortex activity reflects ordinal retrieval modes and hippocampal activity reflects temporal context retrieval modes

ABSTRACT Remembering sequences of events defines episodic memory, but retrieval can be driven by both ordinality and temporal contexts. Whether these modes of retrieval operate at the same time or not remains unclear. Theoretically, medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) confers ordinality, while the hippocampus (HC) associates events in gradually changing temporal contexts. Here, we looked for evidence of each with BOLD fMRI in a sequence task that taxes both retrieval modes. To test ordinal modes, items were transferred between sequences but retained their position (e.g., AB3). Ordinal modes activated mPFC, but not HC. To test temporal contexts, we examined items that skipped ahead across lag distances (e.g., ABD). HC, but not mPFC, tracked temporal contexts. There was a mPFC and HC by retrieval mode interaction. These current results suggest that the mPFC and HC are concurrently engaged in different retrieval modes in support of remembering when an event occurred. Significance Statement Memory for sequences of events is a defining aspect of everyday episodic memory allowing our brain to separate unique experiences that otherwise have overlapping sensory and spatial content. Sequence memory is impaired in typical aging and in disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease. The results of the current study provide new evidence that two retrieval modes concurrently arise during sequence memory, and they have distinct neural correlates. The medial prefrontal cortex contributes to an ordinal retrieval mode, while at the same time, the hippocampus contributes a gradually-changing temporal context mode of retrieval. These data shed new light on why typical episodic memory requires both the medial prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus, and suggests a functional dissociation between the medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus across these modes of retrieval.
Analysis of Isotopically-labeled Monogalactosyldiacylglycerol Molecular Species from [14C]Acetate-Labeled Tobacco Leaves

Plant lipid metabolism is a dynamic network where synthesis of essential membrane lipids overlaps with synthesis of valuable storage lipids (e.g., vegetable oils). Monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) is a key component of the chloroplast membrane system required for photosynthesis and is produced by multiple pathways within the lipid metabolic network. The bioengineering of plants to enhance oil production can alter lipid metabolism in unexpected ways which may not be apparent by static quantification of lipids, but changes to lipid metabolic flux can be traced with isotopic labeling commonly with [14C]acetate. Because lipid classes such as MGDG are composed of many different molecular species, full analysis of metabolically labeled lipids requires separation and quantification of the individually labeled molecular species which is traditionally performed by thin layer chromatography. Here we present a reverse phase HPLC method for the separation of MGDG molecular species from tobacco leaves in under 35 min. The quantification of each 14C-labeled molecular species was accomplished by an in-line flow radio detector. This method of analysis for [14C]Acetate labeled MGDG molecular species by radio-HPLC provides a rapid, high throughput, and reliable analytical approach to identify changes in MGDG metabolism due to bioengineering or other perturbations of metabolism.
Adolescents’ Perceptions of Physical Development Relative to Peers and Antisocial Behaviors

Two features of adolescence have remained largely constant over time—(1) youth experience drastic physical changes during puberty, and (2) many youth engage in antisocial or delinquent behavior. Prior work has found a positive relation between off-time pubertal timing and a host of adverse behaviors including reduced academic performance and substance use (Simmons 2017; Westling et al. Journal of Adolescent Health, 42(6), 555−563, 2008). However, previous research is largely limited in its measurement of pubertal timing in that it does not account for youth perceptions of self, social comparisons, and peer influence—salient components of the developmental period. The present study addressed this limitation by testing the effect of self-perceived development on antisocial behavior. Among a nationally representative sample of 4803 youth, the present study examined the effect of a self-report, peer-relevant measure of physical development on antisocial behaviors, varying in severity. Results revealed a positive relation between youths’ perceived physical development relative to same-aged peers and five categories of behaviors: antisocial behaviors, non-violent offending, violent offending, substance use, and weapon use. Overall, when youth reported being more physically developed than their same-aged peers, they were more likely to engage in deviant behavior. The results provide evidence for including self-report, peer-relevant measures of physical maturity from the youth perspective when studying adolescence and undesirable youth behavior.
Fentanyl transdermal patches: Extraction and evaluation of a novel disposal method using NarcX ® .

Currently, there is no known commercially available product for disposing of used fentanyl transdermal patches. To eliminate the potential for harm and abuse, a proper disposal method is needed-one that neutralizes the dangerous amount of residual fentanyl that remains after therapeutic use of the fentanyl patch. The patent-pending liquid solution of activated carbon, known as NarcX® , was investigated as a potential fentanyl adsorbing agent. In order to determine the amount of fentanyl remaining after a patch is treated with NarcX® , here, we utilized hexanes to first dissolve the patch adhesive and then followed with liquid-liquid extraction with methanol to recover the fentanyl. Using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS-MS), the extracts obtained with this method yielded between 85% and 117% recovery of fentanyl from new and unused patches. Further optimization of this method allowed for a quantitative evaluation of NarcX® -treated fentanyl patches. 100 µg/h Apotex brand fentanyl patches were exposed to NarcX® for 1, 24, 48, and 72 h. NarcX® was shown to adsorb fentanyl from the patches with varying degrees of success, demonstrating an average of 66.98 ± 0.75% fentanyl adsorption after 72 h. These findings suggest that more work is needed to successfully neutralize the fentanyl patches in their entirety using NarcX® ; however, this work does demonstrate proof of concept.
Microwave Detection And Identification Of Concealed Weapons

The feasibility of high resolution milli-meter microwave holographic imaging of metallic objects through optically opaque dielectric barriers is considered in the context of detection and identification of concealed weapons. Reasons for the selection of millimeter wavelengths and for a holographic mode of imaging based on phase information alone as opposed to direct imaging are given. The recording of phasigrams (phase-only holo-grams) of metallic objects such as a toy pistol illuminated by millimeter wave radiation and the retrieval of recognizable visible images of these objects from their phasigrams are described together with the equipment used to demonstrate the imaging process. Results obtained when a complex shaped object such as the toy pistol was concealed behind a layer of clothing or leather are also shown. The prospects of real-time remote holographic imaging which would make personal search unnecessary are discussed. Conclusions regarding application of such imaging techniques to remote screening of individuals at airport boarding gates as a hyjack prevention measure and remote search and surveillance of crowds in political rallies are drawn.
Improved traditional mirror

We propose a scheme for improving write performance in traditional mirrored disks using write caching. The technique uses write-only disk caches to improve write performance; a write through to disk for cached data and a write twice scheme to provide a highly fault tolerant system. The scheme is simple and can be readily integrated into existing systems with only low-level software redesign. Unlike some mirroring techniques, this technique maintains the semantics of traditional mirroring, allowing a disk to disk copy during recovery while improving write efficiency by almost a factor of 2 over traditional mirrors.
Increased Aseptic Tibial Failures in Patients With a BMI ≥35 and Well-Aligned Total Knee Arthroplasties

Abstract The purpose of this study was to calculate the risk of revision secondary to aseptic tibial loosening correlated with increased BMI in 5088 primary TKAs. The mean age was 69years, with a mean follow-up of 7years. Fifty-two (1.0%) revision TKAs were performed due to aseptic tibial loosening, with the 15-year risk being 2.7%. Patients with a BMI ≥35kg/m 2 were significantly more likely to undergo revision due to aseptic tibial failure (HR=1.9; P 2 , consideration should be given to additional fixation. Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Estimation of age at death using cortical histomorphometry of the sternal end of the fourth rib.

Given the often fragmentary nature of unidentified human remains, and the importance of using multiple criteria to estimate age at death, it is essential to have a variety of methods that use different anatomical sampling sites. In this study, osteon population densities (OPDs) were determined from transverse sections removed from an area immediately adjacent to the sternal ends of 60 autopsy rib samples. Regression analysis was performed using age at death as the dependent variable and OPD as the independent variable. The results of a “training set/test set” strategy to evaluate the performance of the histological age predicting model indicates that it provides reasonably reliable and accurate age estimates. A multiple regression model using both OPD and the mean age for a rib's morphological age according to the phase method of Iscan et al. [7,8] is also presented. This later age predicting model is recommended when both methods are applicable.
Relaxometry: Two‐Dimensional Methods

The publication in 2002 of a fast algorithm for inverse double Laplace transforms opened the door to two-dimensional low-field relaxometry characterized by 2D “relaxation spectra” in which standard nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) parameters such as T1, T2, and the diffusion coefficient, D, are cross-correlated. This article reviews the development of these 2D methods and points out their enormous potential for characterizing complex, multiphase, multicomponent systems. Keywords: relaxation; multidimensional methods; exchange; diffusion; water; oil; microstructure; nanostructure; porous media
Narrow-gap semiconductor detectors and lasers

The major applications of narrow-gap materials continue to be in infrared detectors for passive imaging and in diode lasers, primarily for high resolution spectroscopy and related uses. The development of sophisticated epitaxial growth and fabrication techniques is continually expanding the capability of both types of devices. Background-limited HgCdTe and Pb-salt photodiodes and diode arrays have been developed for detection in the 8–12 μm wavelength range. High speed (> 1 GHz) HgCdTe photodiodes with sensitivities close to the quantum limit have been developed for heterodyne detection. The feasibility of PbS and HgCdTe CCIDs has been investigated for advanced imaging applications.
Behavior of bromide, chloride, and phosphate during low‐temperature aqueous Fe(II) oxidation processes on Mars

The behaviors of bromide, chloride, and phosphate were studied experimentally under previously proposed Martian diagenetic conditions, involving jarosite (KFe3(OH)6(SO4)2), goethite (α-FeOOH), and hematite (α-Fe2O3). Experiments evaluated (1) the behavior of Cl−/Br− with and without aqueous phosphate during oxidation of Fe2+ to Fe3+, (2) the stability of halogen-bearing jarosite, and (3) the uptake of Cl−, Br−, H2PO4−, and SO42− by halogen-free-hematite, -goethite, and -jarosite through adsorption. Our results demonstrate that when precipitated from a solution, in which Cl− is higher than Br−, jarosite preferentially incorporated at least an order of magnitude more Br− than Cl−. Such enrichment of Br− over Cl− in the solids compared to initial solutions suggests that jarosite could be a host for elevated Br on the Martian surface, and the fluids from which jarosite forms could be depleted in Br− with respect to Cl−. Moreover, the incorporation of halogens in jarosite would affect its stability during aqueous alteration, and the dissolution rates of four types of jarosite at both 25°C and 70°C were in the same order: Br,Cl bearing > Br only > halogen free > Cl only. In addition, competitive adsorption of Cl−, Br−, SO42−, and H2PO4− on halogen-free-hematite, -goethite, and -jarosite demonstrates that in a sulfate-dominant aqueous system, Cl−, Br−, and H2PO4− could not compete with SO42−. This observation suggests that the adsorption may not result in an enrichment of phosphate or halogens in Fe oxides in a sulfate-dominant aqueous system like Meridiani Planum, consistent with the absence of significant correlations of Cl and P with nanoparticle Fe oxides found in Martian soils.
Adjunctive Inferior Vena Cava Filter Placement for Acute Pulmonary Embolism

Inferior vena cava (IVC) filters are sometimes placed as an adjunct to full anticoagulation in patients with significant pulmonary embolism (PE). We aimed to determine the prevalence of adjunctive IVC filter placement in individuals diagnosed with PE, as well as the effect of adjunctive filter placement on mortality in patients with right heart strain associated with PE. This was a retrospective study of patients with acute PE treated with full anticoagulation admitted to a single academic medical center. Information abstracted from patient charts included presence or absence of right heart strain and of deep-vein thrombosis, and whether or not an IVC filter was placed. The endpoint was in-hospital mortality. Over 2.75 years, we found that 248 patients were diagnosed with acute PE, with an in-hospital mortality rate of 4.4%. The prevalence of adjunctive IVC filter placement was 13.3% (33 of 248), and the prevalence of documented right heart strain was 27.0% (67 of 248). In-hospital mortality was 10.2% in the non-filter-treated group (5 of 49), whereas there were no deaths in the filter-treated group (0 of 18); however, the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.37). Both the presence of deep-vein thrombosis and of right heart strain increased the likelihood that an adjunctive IVC filter was placed (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.001, respectively). At our institution, patients were treated with IVC filters in addition to anticoagulation in 13.3% of cases of acute PE. Prospective studies or large clinical registries should be conducted to clarify whether this practice improves outcomes.
Hepatitis C virus genotypes and viremia and hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States

Abstract OBJECTIVE: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a well recognized cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The pathogenic significance of HCV genotypes in hepatocarcinogenesis is undefined. The aim of this study was to investigate the genotypic distribution and viremic level of HCV in patients with HCV-associated cirrhosis with or without HCC. METHODS: A total of 28 HCV-infected patients with HCC (HCC + ) and 38 patients with HCV-associated cirrhosis without HCC (HCC − ) were studied. HCV genotype was assessed by the genotype-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method of Okamoto and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of the 5′ untranslated region (5′ UTR). Hepatitis C viremia was quantitated with the branched-chain DNA (bDNA) assay. RESULTS: Using the Okamoto method, we found genotype 1b in 64% of the HCC + group and 74% of the HCC − group, 36% of the HCC + group and 16% of the HCC − group were coinfected with a combination of genotype 1b and another genotype. Using the RFLP method, we found genotype 1b in 41% of the HCC + group and in 24% of the HCC − group. Other genotypes accounted for 18% of the HCC + group and 55% of the HCC − group; no combination genotypes were identified. Poor concordance occurred between the two genotyping methods. Mean bDNA levels were not significantly different between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates that no particular HCV genotypes were associated with HCC and genotype did not appear to influence the development of HCV-associated HCC.
A radiographic scanning technique for cores

Abstract A radiographic scanning technique (RST) can produce single continuous radiographs of cores or core sections up to 1.5 m long and up to 30 cm wide. Changing a portable industrial X-ray unit from the normal still-shot mode to a scanning mode requires simple, inexpensive, easily constructed, and highly durable equipment. Additional components include a conveyor system, antiscatter cylinder-diaphragm, adjustable sample platform, developing tanks, and a contact printer. Complete cores, half cores, sample slabs or peels may be scanned. Converting the X-ray unit from one mode to another is easy and can be accomplished without the use of special tools. RST provides the investigator with a convenient, continuous, high quality radiograph, saves time and money, and decreases the number of times cores have to be handled.
Computational assessment of line selected operation of an HF chemical laser

The effects of line-selected operation on an HF chemical laser are examined using a finite rate rotational relaxation model of an HF laser gain medium coupled to a stable cavity radiation model. So long as at least one line per vibrational manifold was allowed to lase, a significant portion of the free running laser power was available. For a DF laser, it was found that the requirement of simultaneous lasing on the 1-0 and 2-1 transitions was of major importance. 13 references.
The riddle of sterol and carotenoid metabolism in muds of the ocean floor

Abstract Cholesterol and zeaxanthin remained unaltered by H2 dissolved in neutral aqueous systems at high hydrostatic pressures. Zeaxanthin remained chemically unaltered by saturated aqueous CO2 systems at a hydrostatic pressure of 1 atm., or by H2 or H2S in sterile marine sediment suspensions at high hydrostatic pressures. Some bleaching occurred in the presence of CO2 and the sediment together, presumably through oxidation by ferric ions.