cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
From Social Darwinism to Darwinian Liberalism

Political theory has largely avoided the incorporations of neo-Darwinism that have of late infused many other branches of the social sciences. The main reasons are: its distrust of the 'scientism' that, it is claimed, defines the rest of political studies, as well as a defensible diffidence concerning past appropriations of Darwinism to justify exploitation and cruelty. I argue that political theory actually has much to gain in incorporating insights from the research programs variously known as synthetic Darwinism, evolutionary psychology, or sociobiology. These tend to be much closer to the classic political theory project of defending a moral picture of the nature of humans and their societies then they are to the sort of empirical political science that political theorists are used to defining themselves against. But to begin, one must destroy the notion that there was any particular thing called 'social Darwinism' that defined the period from the Victorian era to the World Wars. In fact there were several conflicting lineages, and these provide meaningful examples of using Darwinian theory to defend progressive democracy (as well as eugenic dictatorship) and economic egalitarianism (as well as laissez a'-faire). This historical recovery can lay the groundwork for the normative work that will have to go into an incorporation of neo-Darwinian insights by political theory.
Study on temporal-spatial distribution of agricultural non-point source pollution in Poyang Lake region.

Based on the main constitution of agricultural non-point source pollution,this paper analyzed the temporal-spatial distribution of TN,TP and COD loads of agricultural non-point source pollution in 25 counties(cities) in the Poyang Lake region during 2000~2010.The results showed that: from 2000 to 2010,the total TN load of agricultural non-point source pollution increased from 37952 t to 42108 t,and the TN load per unit area farmland did not change almost,but it was 26.4% higher than the average in Jiangxi province;the total TP load increased from 9905 t to 12230 t,and the TP load per unit area farmland increased from 11.2 kg/hm2 to 13.2 kg/hm2,which was 31.4% higher than the average in Jiangxi province;the total COD load increased from 142162 t to 183206 t,and the COD load per unit area farmland increased from 161 kg/hm2 to 197 kg/hm2,which was 28.7% higher than the average in Jiangxi province.The larger emission amount of agricultural non-point source pollution was mainly found in Gao'an city,Nanchang county,Fengcheng city,Dongxiang county etc.,and the higher emission intensity of agricultural non-point source pollution per unit area farmland was mainly focused on Dongxiang county,Wannian county,Yujiang county,Xin'gan county and so on.Finally,this paper put forward the relevant countermeasures against the agricultural non-point source pollution.
Growth of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), blue catfish (I. furcatus), and their F1, F2, F3, and F1 reciprocal backcross hybrids in earthen ponds

The F1 hybrid between a channel catfish female (Ictalurus punctatus) × a blue catfish (I. furcatus) male outperforms both parental species in most environments. However, reproductive isolating mechanisms between the species made it difficult to mass produce the F1 hybrid for commercialization until recent improvements in hormone usage. This study was undertaken to mix the genomes of the 2 species in an attempt to obtain faster-growing catfish that would eventually be easier to reproduce. Despite the recent improvements, it would still be advantageous to have an animal that does not require hormone dosing for reproduction and does not require the growing of 2 separate species by breeders. Additionally, a F1 backcross or a multigeneration backcross has the possibility of being an improvement compared to an F1 hybrid. At low density, there was no difference in growth between channel catfish and channel-blue F1 hybrids. At higher densities, the F1 hybrid grew faster (666 g) than channel catfish (577 g), blue catfish × F1 (520 g), F1 × F1 (508 g), F1 × channel catfish (436 g), blue catfish (396 g), F1 × blue catfish (379 g), channel catfish × F1 (359 g), and F2 × F2 (359 g; P < 0.05). The channel-blue F1 males were heavier than the F1 females. Individual heterosis had a strong positive effect on growth, whereas individual epistatic recombination loss had a strong negative effect on growth. The channel-blue F1 hybrid and blue catfish had low coefficients of variation, whereas the F2 and F3 hybrids had high coefficients of variation. This gives a high amount of variation for selection, which might be used to select the faster-growing catfish.
Explaining Variations in the Advertising & Promotional Costs/Sales Ratio: A Rejoinder:

In 1994, the authors (see Ailawadi, Farris, and Parry 1994) reported the results of a failed attempt to validate the findings of Balasubramanian and Kumar's (1990) empirical analysis of the determi...
Survival of Listeria monocytogenes on Fresh Blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum) Stored under Controlled Atmosphere and Ozone

Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen that represents a high risk for consumers because it can grow under refrigeration conditions and can also develop acid tolerance. Fresh blueberries are hand-picked, packed, and transported under refrigeration without receiving a microbial inactivation treatment. The aim of this work was to study the survival of L. monocytogenes in fresh highbush blueberries stored at 4 or 12°C under different controlled atmosphere conditions, including air (control); 5% O2, 15% CO2, 80% N2 (controlled atmosphere storage [CAS]); or ozone gas (O3), 4 ppm at 4°C or 2.5 ppm at 12°C, at high relative humidity (90 to 95%) for a total of 10 days. Fresh blueberries inside a plastic clamshell were spot inoculated with the bacteria and were stored at 4 or 12°C in isolated cabinets under air, CAS, and O3 atmospheric conditions. Samples were evaluated on days 0, 1, 4, 7, and 10 for microbial growth using modified Oxford agar. CAS did not delay or inhibit L. monocytogenes growth in fresh ...
Demonstration of a high-contrast ultrafast soliton-trapping AND gate

High-speed high-contrast all-optical and gates are essential in high-speed switching networks where ultrafast thresholding and time- division demultiplexing functions are required.1 Soliton interactions in birefringent fibers can provide highly efficient optical switching and digital logic operations. Soliton trapping is one such interaction. Here, orthogonally polarized solitons propagating along a linearly birefringent fiber can interact through cross-phase modulation. This leads to symmetric shifts of their central frequencies and, therefore, of their group velocities, thus compensating for the walk-off from the linear birefringence.2 In this way, these solitons end up traveling with identical group velocities, trapping one another.
Reliability of Using Elastic Modulus for Non-Homogeneous Materials

This paper investigates the literature available for derivation of the elastic modulus (E) as employed specifically in non-homogenous materials. There is a big pool of E-values in the literature which user can pick and use. However their reliability is still a question. This study will therefore focus on the values of elastic modulus acquired from the secondary databases and their reliability in numerical methods like Finite Elements (FE). This study uses E-values obtained from bones, muscles and tissues. Bone is a composite material with a very intricate internal geometry. Acquiring the elastic modulus values for irregular geometries like bones is not a straight forward process. This study therefore compares the different studies provided in literature for derivation of elastic properties of bones from different vertebrates and investigates the reason of variations. The study infers that populating all the values of elastic modulus without a standard procedure, creates a level of ambiguity that bars the understanding of the use of modulus of elasticity where insightful procedures are in question for example finite element analysis of sensitive materials . Therefore there is a need to take great care in deriving the values of E.
Some aspects of (r,k)-parking functions

Abstract An ( r , k ) -parking function of length n may be defined as a sequence ( a 1 , … , a n ) of positive integers whose increasing rearrangement b 1 ≤ ⋯ ≤ b n satisfies b i ≤ k + ( i − 1 ) r . The case r = k = 1 corresponds to ordinary parking functions. We develop numerous properties of ( r , k ) -parking functions. In particular, if F n ( r , k ) denotes the Frobenius characteristic of the action of the symmetric group S n on the set of all ( r , k ) -parking functions of length n, then we find a combinatorial interpretation of the coefficients of the power series ( ∑ n ≥ 0 F n ( r , 1 ) t n ) k for any k ∈ Z . When k > 0 , this power series is just ∑ n ≥ 0 F n ( r , k ) t n ; when k 0 , we obtain a dual to ( r , k ) -parking functions. We also give a q-analogue of this result. For fixed r, we can use the symmetric functions F n ( r , 1 ) to define a multiplicative basis for the ring Λ of symmetric functions. We investigate some of the properties of this basis.
Clinical evaluation of test strategies. A decision analysis of parameter estimation.

The decision to evaluate a test and assess whether the expected results are worth the cost of a clinical evaluation is analyzed. Decision analysis provides a framework for outlining the various options, costs, and benefits of each course of action and for determining whether the results of such research will be clinically useful.
Context-dependent cocaine sensitization: differential effect of haloperidol on development versus expression.

Abstract Repeated, intermittent administration of psychomotor stimulants has been shown to produce increasing effects (behavioral sensitization) in many species of animals. In a novel two-day sensitization paradigm, rats that received a single high dose of cocaine (40 mg/kg) compared with saline on day 1 showed an increased locomotor response to a challenge dose (10 mg/kg) on day 2. This effect is conditioned or context-dependent; i.e., it is only observed if the rats received cocaine in an environment similar to the test environment. If the cocaine-induced hyperactivity on day 1 is prevented with pharmacological agents such as haloperidol and diazepam, sensitization on day 2 does not occur. Furthermore, although moderate (0.2 mg/kg) and high doses (0.5 mg/kg) of haloperidol (day 1) prevented the development of sensitization to cocaine, they were ineffective when given prior to the day 2 challenge dose in preventing the expression of sensitization. Thus, this type of cocaine sensitization appears to involve conditioning, show stimulus generalization, and offer a possible model for clinical neuroleptic nonresponsiveness once stimulant-induced pathological behavior has been induced.
Historical wildfires do not promote cheatgrass invasion in a western Great Plains steppe

Plant invasion and wildfire are often tightly linked. Invasive grasses, in particular, can severely alter ecosystems by increasing fire frequency and intensity. In western North America, positive feedbacks between wildfire and Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass) invasion have contributed to widespread plant community conversion. Impacts of conversion include reduced biodiversity, wildlife habitat, and livestock weight gains, as well as increased costs associated with fire-fighting and ecosystem restoration. While B. tectorum has been studied intensively in the Intermountain West, it is unclear whether fire-invasion feedback cycles observed in the Great Basin operate similarly in the western Great Plains, where annual bromes coexist with fire-adapted native species. In a shrub–grass ecotone in northeastern Wyoming, we asked how wildfires have influenced B. tectorum and its congener, B. arvensis, and whether the effects of wildfire on annual bromes varied based on landscape context. We sampled annual bromes along 142 transects associated with 28 historical wildfires (2–26 years since fire). Both brome species were equally likely to occur in burned and unburned sites. Cover of B. tectorum was lower in burned sites. Soil texture, cover of other plant species, slope, and aspect were strongly associated with annual brome abundance. In the western Great Plains, single wildfires do not appear to promote B. tectorum invasion. However, the effects of repeated fires on invasion in this system remain unclear. Our findings stress that relationships between fire and plant invasion are governed not by invader identity alone but by ecosystem-specific interactions among invaders, fire regimes, and resident species.
Klinefelter syndrome and 47,XYY syndrome in children with B cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.

Keywords: acute lymphoblastic leukaemia; Klinefelter syndrome; 47,XYY syndrome; cytogenetics; SNP analysis
Synthesis of 5-cyclodecenones via RCM and a three-pot sequence for bisannulation

Abstract 5-Cyclodecenones were made by RCM, using the first generation Grubbs catalyst and infinite dilution in refluxing dichloromethane. A convenient one-pot procedure for making 2,6-disubstituted cyclohexanones was developed, which allowed for the synthesis of a bridged bicyclo compound, containing a 5-cyclodecenone. Transannular cyclization of this substrate led to a tricyclic product. The overall three-pot sequence of dialkylation, RCM, and transannular cyclization results in bisannulation on a pre-existing ring.
Authenticity, a key to successful consulting engagements

A review of the literature on organisational consulting and leadership and interviews with industry executives provided a strong platform for success in a recent consulting engagement for a major financial institution. The primary research question this article seeks to answer is: What are the skills needed for a successful consulting engagement in support of effective organisational risk management? This article discusses the skills needed for an effective consulting engagement and how this is in support of effective organisational risk management. The client's underlying concerns about exposure, vulnerability and control are explored. Self-awareness, examining resistance and in particular, authenticity described as genuine integrity in consulting engagements are also discussed in terms of their overall importance to effective consulting engagements.
15O(alpha,gamma)19Ne breakout reaction and impact on X-ray bursts.

The breakout reaction $^{15}\mathrm{O}(\ensuremath{\alpha},\ensuremath{\gamma})^{19}\mathrm{Ne}$, which regulates the flow between the hot CNO cycle and the $rp$ process, is critical for the explanation of the burst amplitude and periodicity of x-ray bursters. We report on the first successful measurement of the critical $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-decay branching ratios of relevant states in $^{19}\mathrm{Ne}$ populated via $^{19}\mathrm{F}(^{3}\mathrm{He},t)^{19}\mathrm{Ne}$. Based on the experimental results and our previous lifetime measurements of these states, we derive the first experimental rate of $^{15}\mathrm{O}(\ensuremath{\alpha},\ensuremath{\gamma})^{19}\mathrm{Ne}$. The impact of our experimental results on the burst pattern and periodicity for a range of accretion rates is analyzed.
DNA base excision repair genetic risk scores, oxidative balance, and incident, sporadic colorectal adenoma.

Associations of individual base excision repair (BER) genotypes with colorectal adenoma risk are unclear, but likely modest. However, genetic risk scores (GRS) that aggregate information from multiple genetic variants might be useful for assessing genetic predisposition to colorectal adenoma. We analyzed data pooled from three colonoscopy-based case-control studies of incident, sporadic colorectal adenoma (n = 488 cases, 604 controls) that collected blood for genotyping and extensive dietary and other data. We randomly split our population sample into training samples (half of the participants) and validation samples (the remaining participants) 10 times. Associations of 65 individual single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 15 BER genes were assessed in the training samples and used to combine information from multiple risk variants into a BER GRS among the validation samples using unweighted and weighted methods. We also combined 15 extrinsic exposures with known pro- or antioxidant properties into an oxidative balance score (OBS). Associations of the BER GRS with colorectal adenoma, overall and jointly with the OBS, were assessed using multivariable logistic regression. The odds ratio for those in the highest relative to the lowest tertile of the weighted BER GRS was 2.07 (95% confidence interval, 1.26-3.40; ptrend = 0.01). Relative to those with both a low GRS and a high (more antioxidant) OBS, the estimated direct association for those with both a high BER GRS and a low OBS was stronger than for those in other GRS/OBS categories. Our findings suggest that BER genotypes collectively may be associated with incident sporadic colorectal adenomas.
Second–shell thermochemistry for hydration of strontium dications as determined by threshold collision-induced dissociation and computations

Abstract This work reports a continuation of the guided ion beam tandem mass spectrometer (GIBMS) study of the threshold collision-induced dissociation of Sr2+(H2O)x. The present study measures 0 K hydration energies for Sr2+(H2O)x, where x = 7–9, which can be added to those previously measured for x = 1–6. The full range of these complexes is also examined theoretically employing B3LYP/SDD/def2-TZVP and B3LYP/DHF/def2-TZVPP geometry optimizations with additional B3LYP, B3P86, M06, and MP2(full) single point energy calculations performed with the larger SDD/def2-TZVPP and DHF/def2-TZVPP basis sets, respectively. The transition between first and second hydration shells is explored from both experimental and theoretical findings. Neither experimental nor theoretical results are completely consistent with a single coordination number for the first hydration shell at 298 K, but rather suggest mixed coordination numbers ranging from 6 to 8 water molecules.
The translation-invariant vector fields

Let X be a variety. Then a vector field D on X is given equivalently by: a) a family of tangent vectors D(x) ∈ TX, x, all x ∈ X such that in local charts Open image in new window b) a derivation D: \( \mathcal{O}_X \to \mathcal{O}_X \). In fact, given D(x), \( f \in \Gamma \left( {U,\mathcal{O}_X } \right) \), define Df by $$ Df\left( x \right) = D\left( x \right)\left( f \right). $$ When X is an abelian variety, then translations on X define isomorphisms $$ T_{X,O} \xrightarrow{ \sim }T_{X,x} $$ for all x ∈ X (O = identity), so we may speak of translation-invariant vector fields. It is easy to see that for all D(O) ∈ Tx, o′ there is a unique translation-invariant vector field with this value at O. In general, the vector fields on X form a Lie algebra under commutators: 4.c EQ $$ \left[ {D_1 ,D_2 } \right]\left( f \right) = D_1 D_2 f - D_2 D_1 f. $$ For translation-invariant vector fields, the commutativity of X implies that bracket is zero (see Abelian Varieties, D. Mumford, Oxford Univ. Press, p. 100.
The Small and Rural Academic Library: Leveraging Resources and Overcoming Limitations . Eds. Kaetrena Davis Kendrick and Deborah Tritt. Chicago: Association of College and Research Libraries, 2016. 2016. 264p. Paper, $56.00 (ISBN 978-083898900-5).

The Small and Rural Academic Library: Leveraging Resources and Overcoming Limitations , edited by Kaetrena Kendrick and Deborah Tritt, seeks to highlight a little-known gap in the literature. That gap is the role the small and rural academic library plays in delivering services to its patrons. As the editors write in their introduction, “Moreover while greater attention has been paid to small and rural public libraries, librarians at small and geographically isolated academic libraries are underrepresented in the literature” (XII). The authors further contend that, while many libraries feel the pressures of having to do more with less, it is in the small and rural academic libraries where these pressures are felt most acutely. The editors lay out the book in an easy-to-follow series of case studies written by a number of small and rural academic librarians.
Remote Center of Compliance Reconsidered

ABSTRACTRemotecenter-of-compliancedeviceshavelongbeenusedtofacilitateinsertionforassemblyoperations.Anewanalysiswithamoreaccuratemodelbettercharacterizestheinterestingprop-ertiesofremotecompliance.Thecenterlocationandsti®nessesarepresentedasnondimensionalratiosthatareonlyfunctionsofgeometricalpropertiesandPoisson'sratio.Importantresultsshow:i)thehighsensitivityofthecenterlocationandii)thein-verserelationshipbetweenlinearandangularlateralsti®nesses.1 INTRODUCTION A common assembly task is the mating of parts byinsertion, such as placing a motor shaft into a bearing.For close tolerances, jamming can occur when using auto-mated equipment such as robots. One solution is to usesensing, feedback, and compensation but has signi¯cantcosts in design, o peration, and maintenance. A very suc-cessful mechanical alternat ive called the Remote Center-of-Compliance (RCC) device was develop ed at Draper Labo-ratories by Whitney and coworkers [2]-[5], [10]-[12]. Thesedevices are seemingly v ery well known and are described inmostroboticstextbooks. Theyhavebeensold commerciallyby severa lvendors.Figure 1 shows an insertion strategy. When a linearmisalignment occurs, a contact force translates the shaftaway. When an angular misalignment occurs, a contactmoment turns the shaft about the tip to straighten it. Thistype of action can be achieved by simulating linear andangular springs acting at the tip point. The point has beencontactforceparallel translationresultant momentparallel rotation
Design, synthesis, and in vitro evaluation of quinolinyl analogues for α-synuclein aggregation

Here we report the synthesis and in vitro evaluation of 25 new quinolinyl analogues for α-synuclein aggregates. Three lead compounds were subsequently labeled with carbon-11 or fluorine-18 to directly assess their potency in a direct radioactive competitive binding assay ng both α-synuclein fibrils and tissue homogenates from Alzheimer's disease (AD) cases. The modest binding affinities of these three radioligands toward α-synuclein were comparable with results from the Thioflavin T fluorescence assay. However, all three ligand also showed modest binding affinity to the AD homogenates and lack selectivity for α-synuclein. The structure-activity relationship data from these 25 analogues will provide useful information for design and synthesis of new compounds for imaging α-synuclein aggregation.
The Components of Nitrogen Availability Assessments in Forest Soils

The availability of nitrogen (N) limits production in many forest ecosystems, and many methods are available for estimating N availability (Keeney, 1980; Binkley 1986; Mahendrappa et al., 1986; Binkley and Vitousek, 1989). The concept of soil availability may represent the rate at which N is converted from unavailable to available forms within the rooting zone (Scarsbrook, 1965). Alternatively, it may refer to the extent to which plant production is constrained by a limited supply of available N. These two aspects of N availability were termed N supply rate and N limitation by Chapin et al. (1986). In agroecosystems, N supply rate and N limitation are often closely linked. In forest ecosystems, differences in species composition, stand age, and soil moisture may uncouple low N supply from N limitation (Chapin et al., 1986). In addition, the nonuniform rooting distribution of trees and the presence of forest floors add spatial complexities to forest N cycles that make it more difficult to estimate N availability in forests than in agroecosystems.
Red Versus Blue (and Purple) States and the Same-Sex Marriage Debate: From Values Polarization to Common Ground?

What is the role of courts in circumstances of "values polarization"? The framing of this question brings to mind, but differs from, some familiar inquiries about the judicial role in circumstances of conscientious moral disagreement or value pluralism and debates about liberty, morality, and community. Using the conflict over whether civil marriage should extend to same-sex couples as an example, I contrast two recent analyses of values polarization and its implications for finding agreement, Ronald Dworkin’s book, Is Democracy Possible Here?, and June Carbone and Naomi Cahn's project, Red Families v. Blue Families. Dworkin's strategy is to identify shared principles about human dignity that will make a national debate possible; Carbone and Cahn instead point to two diverging patterns, or models, of family life in red and blue states and two differing regimes of family law – and family values, and suggest how federalism might help in reducing polarization. As a crucible through which to test these two interpretive projects and their view of the judicial role, I discuss the recent opinion of the Supreme Court of California, In re Marriage Cases (2008), in which the court ruled that California's constitution required opening up civil marriage to same-sex couples. I contrast the ongoing controversy in California over civil marriage with the pathways that Oregon and Washington have taken on the issue of marriage equality. I conclude that discussion of values is likely unavoidable in developing and adjudicating family law. I consider whether President Obama's rejection of the red state-blue state dichotomy and his appeal to "values we hold in common as Americans" signal the beginning of the end of values polarization.
Content analysis for proactive intelligence: marshaling frame evidence

Modeling and simulation have great potential as technologies capable of aiding analysts in making accurate predictions of future situations to help provide competitive advantage and avoid strategic surprise. However, to make modeling and simulation effective, an evidence-marshaling process is needed that addresses the information needs of the modeling task, as detailed by subject matter experts. We suggest that such an evidence-marshaling process can be obtained by combining natural language processing and content analysis techniques to provide quantified qualitative content assessments, and describe a case study on the acquisition and marshaling of frames from unstructured text.
Making a RUCCAS or How is an Urban Community Change Axis like a Writing Desk

In this article we argue that colleges of education should lead alongside communities to foster a counter-logic of democratic participation to address the "Mad Tea Party" illogic of this era, and provide an example of one such community of practice.
Revealing hidden information with quadratic products of acoustic field amplitudes

Since the development of propagating-wave-based remote sensing more than a century ago, signal analysis has been limited to in-band recorded frequencies. However, this limitation is artificial. A new discovery from the realm of sonar shows that remote sensing is possible at out-of-band frequencies.
282. Adherence to Acute Otitis Media guidelines in Pediatricians’ Offices, Urgent Care Centers, and a Pediatric Emergency Department

Background Acute otitis media (AOM) is a common diagnosis in outpatient pediatrics that often results in antibiotic prescriptions. In 2013, revised clinical practice guidelines for AOM by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommended reserving antibiotics and a watchful waiting (WW) approach in most scenarios; amoxicillin ±clavulanate as first-line agents if treating; and courses of >7 days to be clearly indicated only in severe cases in those ≤2 years old. Adherence to AOM guidelines amongst pediatric providers, especially in nonacademic outpatient settings, has not been well characterized.
Engaged at work? An employee engagement model in public relations

Engagement has emerged as an important concept in public relations scholarship. Yet a theoretically informed model with a clear and coherent explication of the construct is still lacking. By situat...
Developing the Strengths of Generation Z College Students.

Generation Z, the postmillennial generation, has come to college. Their characteristics, motivations, and learning preferences, which differ from those of millennials, may require educators to reth...
Long-Term Sustainability of Faith Community Nursing Programs

Key to the integration of faith community nursing into health care systems of care is insuring the sustainability of the faith community nurse program. This chapter will discuss the importance of the development of policies and procedures, supervision of the faith community nurse, evaluation of the faith community nurse, financial implications, significance of pastoral change, and issues that can surface if the faith community nurse leaves an established position. These issues will be reviewed and examples provided considering the different organizational structures that support the faith community nurse program.
Genomic methods for measuring DNA replication dynamics

Genomic DNA replicates according to a defined temporal program in which early-replicating loci are associated with open chromatin, higher gene density, and increased gene expression levels, while late-replicating loci tend to be heterochromatic and show higher rates of genomic instability. The ability to measure DNA replication dynamics at genome scale has proven crucial for understanding the mechanisms and cellular consequences of DNA replication timing. Several methods, such as quantification of nucleotide analog incorporation and DNA copy number analyses, can accurately reconstruct the genomic replication timing profiles of various species and cell types. More recent developments have expanded the DNA replication genomic toolkit to assays that directly measure the activity of replication origins, while single-cell replication timing assays are beginning to reveal a new level of replication timing regulation. The combination of these methods, applied on a genomic scale and in multiple biological systems, promises to resolve many open questions and lead to a holistic understanding of how eukaryotic cells replicate their genomes accurately and efficiently.
Otolaryngology in the Time of Corona: Assessing Operative Impact and Risk During the COVID-19 Crisis.

ObjectiveLimited research exists on the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic pertaining to otolaryngology–head and neck surgery (OHNS). The present study seeks to understand the response of...
Ultrafine Interwoven Dendritic Cu2Se/CuFeSe2 Composites with Enhanced Thermoelectric Performance

As an effort to develop high-performance and stable copper chalcogenide thermoelectrics, several (1 – x)Cu2Se/(x)CuFeSe2 composites were successfully synthesized via a one-step solid-state transfor...
Depression screening in cognitively normal older adults: Measurement bias according to subjective memory decline, brain amyloid burden, cognitive function, and sex

Introduction Understanding the associations among depression, subjective cognitive decline, and prodromal Alzheimer's disease (AD) has important implications for both depression and dementia screening in older adults. The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) is a depression screening tool for older adults that queries memory concerns. To determine whether depression symptoms on the GDS (15-item version), including self-reported memory problems, differ by levels of brain amyloid beta (Aβ), a pathological hallmark of early stage AD, we investigated potential measurement bias with regard to Aβ level. We also examined measurement bias attributable to level of cognitive functioning and sex as positive controls. Methods We examined 3961 cognitively normal older adults from the A4/LEARN Study. We used the MIMIC (multiple indicators, multiple causes) approach to detect measurement bias. Results We found measurement bias with small-to-moderate range effect sizes in several GDS-15 items with respect to Aβ level, cognitive functioning, and sex. There was negligible impact of measurement bias attributable to Aβ level on overall depressive symptom level. Discussion GDS-15 item responses are sensitive to Aβ burden, cognitive functioning, and sex over and above what would be expected given the effect of those factors on depressive symptom severity overall. However, these direct effects for GDS item measurement bias are of small magnitude and do not appreciably impact the validity of inferences about depression based on the GDS-15.
CHiRP: Control-Flow History Reuse Prediction

Translation Lookaside Buffers (TLBs) play a critical role in hardware-supported memory virtualization. To speed up address translation and reduce costly page table walks, TLBs cache a small number of recently-used virtual-to-physical address translations. TLBs must make the best use of their limited capacities. Thus, TLB entries with low potential for reuse should be replaced by more useful entries. This paper contributes to an aspect of TLB management that has received little attention in the literature: replacement policy. We show how predictive replacement policies can be tailored toward TLBs to reduce miss rates and improve overall performance.We begin by applying recently proposed predictive cache replacement policies to the TLB. We show these policies do not work well without considering specific TLB behavior. Next, we introduce a novel TLB-focused predictive policy, Control-flow History Reuse Prediction (CHIRP). This policy uses a history signature and replacement algorithm that correlates to known TLB behavior, outperforming other policies.For a 1024-entry 8-way set-associative L2 TLB with a 4KB page size, we show that CHiRP reduces misses per 1000 instructions (MPKI) by an average 28.21% over the least-recently-used (LRU) policy, outperforming Static Re-reference Interval Prediction (SRRIP) [1], Global History Reuse Policy (GHRP) [2] and SHiP [3], which reduce MPKI by an average of 10.36%, 9.03% and 0.88%, respectively.
Ductile fracture under proportional and non-proportional multiaxial loading

Abstract This paper revisits proportional and non-proportional experiments performed earlier by the authors, with the aim to establish the fracture envelope of the material. The experiments involved inflation of thin-walled AA6260-T4 tubes under axial force and internal pressure. By controlling the force/pressure ratio during the experiments, proportional (i.e., radial) and non-proportional (i.e., corner) loading paths were generated. These experiments are reviewed here. Since fracture is of interest, a computationally-efficient finite element model with solid element discretization around the anticipated fracture location and shell elements in the rest of the tube is described. The Yld2000-2D and Yld2004-3D yield criteria are calibrated and implemented in the simulations. In concert with earlier findings, these criteria are found to offer significantly better agreement with the experiments than von Mises. In particular, the local normals to the yield locus show discrepancies under 3°, while 8°–12° are typical for von Mises. This has significant impact in the prediction of the induced strain paths. The fidelity of the modeling framework is established by comparing the predictions of average stress-strain responses, as well as post-mortem local surface strains, to experiments. Then, the finite element models are used to establish the fracture locus of the material, under proportional loading. The fracture strains are found to increase monotonically as the triaxiality approaches zero from above, i.e., no spike is found at triaxiality of 1/3. The fracture strains also increase at higher triaxialities. The presence of the radial stress shifts that spike from triaxiality of 2/3 (equibiaxial tension) to lower values. By superposing the non-proportional results, it is found that the fracture locus is path-dependent.
Examining Equity Effects of Health Interventions in Cost-Effectiveness Analysis: A Systematic Review.

Abstract Objective This systematic review aims to catalogue and describe published applications of equity-informative cost-effectiveness analysis (CEAs). Methods Following PRISMA guidelines, we searched Medline for English-language, peer-reviewed CEAs published on or before August 2019. We included CEAs that evaluated 2 or more alternatives; explicitly mentioned equity as a consideration or decision-making principle; and applied an equity-informative CEA method to analyze or examine at least 1 equity criterion in an applied CEA. We extracted data on selected characteristics and analyzed reporting quality using the CHEERS checklist. Results Fifty-four articles identified through a search and bibliography reviews met the inclusion criteria. All articles were published on or after 2010, with 80% published after 2015. Most studies evaluated primary prevention interventions in disease areas such as cancer, infectious diseases, and cardiovascular disease. Equity impact analysis alone was the most common equity-informative CEA (56%), followed by equity impact analysis with financial protection effects (30%). At least 11 different equity criteria have been used in equity-informative CEAs; socioeconomic status and race/ethnicity were used most frequently. Seventy-eight percent of studies reported finding “greater value” in an intervention after examining its distributional effects. Conclusion The number of equity-informative CEAs is increasing, and the wide range of equity criteria, diseases, interventions, settings, and populations represented suggests that broad application of these methods is feasible but will require further refinement. Inclusion of equity into CEAs may shift the value of evaluated interventions and can provide crucial additional information for decision makers.
A Smartphone-Based Cursor Position System in Cross-Device Interaction Using Machine Learning Techniques.

The use of mobile devices, especially smartphones, has become popular in recent years. There is an increasing need for cross-device interaction techniques that seamlessly integrate mobile devices and large display devices together. This paper develops a novel cross-device cursor position system that maps a mobile device’s movement on a flat surface to a cursor’s movement on a large display. The system allows a user to directly manipulate objects on a large display device through a mobile device and supports seamless cross-device data sharing without physical distance restrictions. To achieve this, we utilize sound localization to initialize the mobile device position as the starting location of a cursor on the large screen. Then, the mobile device’s movement is detected through an accelerometer and is accordingly translated to the cursor’s movement on the large display using machine learning models. In total, 63 features and 10 classifiers were employed to construct the machine learning models for movement detection. The evaluation results have demonstrated that three classifiers, in particular, gradient boosting, linear discriminant analysis (LDA), and naive Bayes, are suitable for detecting the movement of a mobile device.
Perceptions of scientists held by US students can be broadened through inclusive classroom interventions

More diverse representation in undergraduate classrooms may be an important step towards turning science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) disciplines into more inclusive communities. In the United States of America, the individuals whose work is discussed in typical introductory science courses collectively do not represent the diversity of students’ identities in the classroom and further reinforce existing stereotypes of scientists as male, white, and aged. Here we report on the implementation of a semester-long intervention in an introductory-level geoscience course at the University of South Florida, USA. We introduced students to individuals with marginalized identities who are either scientists or have had a major influence on science and conducted semi-structured interviews with students from the course’s previous semesters. Analyses of these interviews indicate that participants with marginalized and non-marginalized identities broadened their preconceptions of who belongs in science and the range of identities among scientists. We suggest that interventions like these could foster feelings of belonging in the STEM community and, with repeated efforts, reduce harmful stereotyping and microaggressions against underrepresented scientists. Perceptions of scientists held by students in the United States can be broadened by highlighting people from marginalized groups who have influenced science, according to semi-structured interviews after a geoscience course intervention.
The Potential Risk of Shift Work Leading to Diabetes: A Logistic Regression Analysis of an Open Data Set

Introduction: The body of sleep epidemiology studies was scant leading into the 1980s. After the 1980s, tens of thousands of studies of sleep epidemiology have emerged. The increased interest corre...
Generalized Graph Manifolds, Residually Finiteness, and the Singer Conjecture

We prove the Singer conjecture for extended graph manifolds and pure complex-hyperbolic higher graph manifolds with residually finite fundamental groups. In real dimension three, where a result of Hempel ensures that the fundamental group is always residually finite, we then provide a Price type inequality proof of a well-known result of Lott and Lueck. Finally, we give several classes of higher graph manifolds which do indeed have residually finite fundamental groups.
LATPROP Radar Modifications for CLASI Experiment

This paper describes the modifications made to a commercially available marine radar and how it was retrofitted to measure Refractivity-from-Clutter (RFC) from the sea surface in order to better understand atmospheric refractivity profiles. A Koden MDS63R marine radar was updated with a horizontal and vertically polarized 3 meter dish antenna that has a 48 dB gain, two options for PRF and pulse width, both long and short, the ability to discretely step in both azimuth and elevation to study 2-D spatial mapping and grazing angle respectively and the capability to preform Coherent-on-Receive (CoR) integration.
Associations between mothers' use of food to soothe, feeding mode, and infant weight during early infancy.

Abstract Weight status and rate of weight gain in the first six months postpartum are strong predictors of later obesity; thus, infant feeding practices are an important target for obesity prevention efforts. The use of food to soothe (FTS) is associated with less-favorable eating habits and weight outcomes for older infants and children. However, few studies have examined correlates of use of FTS during early infancy. The primary aim of this cross-sectional study was to explore associations between use of FTS and infant weight status in the first 6 months postpartum. A secondary aim was to identify the combination of maternal and infant characteristics that predicted use of FTS. Mothers of infants aged 6 months or younger (N = 134) completed questionnaires assessing use of FTS, bottle-feeding intensity (i.e., percentage of daily feedings from bottles versus directly from the breast), levels of responsive and pressuring feeding styles, dimensions of infant temperament and eating behaviors, and family demographics. Dyads were observed during feeding to assess maternal sensitivity to infant cues and responsiveness to infant distress and infant clarity of cues and responsiveness to the mother. Infant weight and length at study entry were assessed by a trained research assistant. Use of FTS was not associated with infant weight for age z-score (WAZ), even when bottle-feeding intensity was considered as a moderator. More frequent use of FTS was predicted by the combination of greater levels of pressuring feeding style (p = .005) and infant temperamental negative affectivity (p = .001), and lower levels of infant temperamental surgency/extraversion (p = .018). In conclusion, use of FTS was associated with dimensions of infant temperament and maternal feeding style, but not with WAZ during early infancy.
Dedication to the Honorable Phyllis A. Kravitch

This is a tribute to Judge Phyllis A. Kravitch, who honorably served two decades on the bench during a period of great transition in the South.
Escherichia coli thioredoxin stabilizes complexes of bacteriophage T7 DNA polymerase and primed templates

The DNA polymerase activity induced after bacteriophage T7 infection of Escherichia coli is found in a complex of two proteins, the T7 gene 5 protein and a host protein, thioredoxin. Gene 5 protein is a DNA polymerase and a 3' to 5' exonuclease. Thioredoxin binds tightly to the gene 5 protein and increases the processivity of polymerization some 1000-fold. Gene 5 protein forms a short-lived complex with the primer-template, poly(dA).oligo(dT), in the absence of Mg2+ and nucleotides. Thioredoxin increases the half-life of the preformed primer-template-polymerase complex from less than a second to approximately 5 min. The dissociation is accelerated by excess single-stranded DNA in an apparent second order reaction, indicating direct transfer of polymerase between DNA fragments. Thioredoxin also reduces the equilibrium dissociation constant, Kd, of the gene 5 protein -poly(dA).oligo(dT) complex 20- to 80-fold. The salt dependence of Kd indicates that thioredoxin stabilizes the primer-template-polymerase complex mainly through additional charge-charge interactions, increasing the estimated number of interactions from 2 to 7. The affinity of gene 5 protein for single-stranded DNA is at least 1000-fold higher than for double-stranded DNA and is little affected by thioredoxin. Under conditions of steady state synthesis the effect of thioredoxin on the polymerization rate is determined by two competing factors, an increase in processivity and a decrease of the dissociation rate of polymerase and replicated template.
Additional Interface Corner Toughness Data for an Adhesively-bonded Butt Joint

Over a period of 15 months, five sets of adhesively-bonded butt joints were fabricated and tested. This previously unreported data is used to assess the variability of measured interface corner toughness values, Kac, as well as the dependence of Kac on surface preparation. A correlation between Kac and the size of the adhesive failure zone is also noted.
Phase-Change Materials for Electronic Memories

The materials used in rewritable CDs and DVDs also show promise as electronic memories systems.
Musculoskeletal and neurological injuries associated with work organization among immigrant latino women manual workers in North Carolina

BACKGROUND: This analysis examines the associations of work organization attributes among Latino women in manual occupations with musculoskeletal and neurological injuries. METHODS: Participants included 234 women in western North Carolina. Outcome measures included epicondylitis, rotator cuff syndrome, back pain, and carpal tunnel syndrome. Independent measures included indicators of job demand, job control, and job support, as well as personal characteristics. RESULTS: Latina workers commonly experienced epicondylitis, rotator cuff syndrome, back pain, and CTS. Awkward posture and decision latitude were associated with epicondylitis. Rotator cuff syndrome was associated with awkward posture and psychological demand. Awkward posture and psychological demand, and decreased skill variety and job control were related to CTS. CONCLUSIONS: Work organization factors are potentially important for musculoskeletal and neurological injury among vulnerable workers. Research is required to understand the associations of work and health outcomes of these women. Policy initiatives need to consider how work organization affects health. Am. J. Ind. Med. 9999:1-8, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Language: en