cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fungal Adherence to the Vascular Compartment: A Critical Step in the Pathogenesis of Disseminated Candidiasis

The importance of adherence of Candida albicans to the vascular structures in the pathogenesis of disseminated candidiasis is discussed. The evidence for adherence of this fungus to endothelial cells and to the subendothelial basement membrane in vivo is reviewed, as are the data documenting these events in vitro. Information on the subcellular interactions of the host's vascular structures with this pathogen is presented. For example, the C. albicans surface receptors for iC3b, laminin, and fibronectin are discussed in light of their possible ability to mediate the adherence of the fungus to vascular structures. The review is concluded with a potentially unifying concept of integrin-like receptors on Candida that bind arginine-glycine-aspartic acid-containing peptides that may account for the binding of numerous human proteins to C. albicans.
Song Variation in a Population of Indigo Buntings

IN a previous paper (Thompson, 1968) I described the general characteristics of the songs of several species of the genus Passerina. For a fuller understanding of a behavioral characteristic, just as in the case of a morphological feature, it is important to study the kind and amount of variation within a single population and, especially for behavior, within a single individual. This paper describes the song characteristics of the members of a single population of Indigo Buntings, Passerina cyanea. A paper now in preparation will describe song variation in individual Indigo Buntings. Male Indigo Buntings sing three rather distinct types of song: advertising song (in the sense of Borror, 1961), a squeaky song in intensive territorial defense, and flight song. This paper deals only with advertising song. A typical Indigo Bunting advertising song is composed of a series of sounds, or song figures. The song in Figure 5A, for example, includes eight song figures of five different types. I define the term song figure (Thompson, 1968) as a sound or sounds that produce a single, complete, and distinct impression to the human ear and form a distinct unit of a song. A song figure may be composed of one or more continuous sounds or syllables. Each male Indigo Bunting usually sings a regular sequence of several different figures. Figures may occur singly in the song, or they may be repeated. In a typical advertising song repeated figures occur together. The fixed sequence of figures sung by each male is called a song pattern.
Revisiting Experimental tests of the Laplace-Kelvin Equation

In this paper we focus on two experimental techniques for testing predictions made by Laplace-Kelvin theory (LKT). The first technique employs the surface forces apparatus (SFA) to measure pull-off forces, the second uses a beam bending (BB) technique to determine the bending forces in a microporous film produced with a sol-gel technique. We use density functional theory (DFT) to analyze the two experiments. We find that the pull-off force in a crossed cylinder geometery contains a minimal solid-liquid contribution, which can explain why the LKT result is found at saturation. We demonstrate that a pore size distribution essential to produce a bending stress that is always compressive and has a dependence on the vapor pressure that coincides with LKT.
Letter association and sequence norms

Single letter responses to each letter of the alphabet were collected from 1611 Ss. Subsamples were instructed either to respond with associations or to attempt to reproduce letter sequences of the English language. The results differed in several ways from previous norms.
Quo vadis? Fetal tissue transplantation.

ABSTRACT The epidemiology and biologic characteristics of fetal tissue harvested from elective and spontaneous abortions are reviewed. The use of fetal bone marrow obtained from second trimester lost pregnancies is discussed. Allogeneic fetal tissue transplantation carried out in utero is reviewed. Data on intrauterine transplantation of human fetal bone marrow obtained from second trimester lost pregnancies into baboon fetuses are presented. The viability of this tissue, its clonogenic efficiency, engraftment, use in the future, and banking are discussed.
Successive Transmission of Virus of Lymphogranuloma Inguinale Through White Mice

ConclusionOne strain of the virus of lymphogranuloma inguinale, upon intracerebral inoculation into white mice, has quickly developed a fixed virulence for these animals and appears to be capable of transmission indefinitely in this manner.Frei antigens prepared irom lymphogranulomatous mouse brains are specific and highly potent; the antigenic strength increases with successive mouse passage.
AEDC's Portable Pressure-Sensitive Paint Data Acquisition System *

The Arnold Engineering Development Center (AEDC) has developed a production pressure-sensitive paint (PSP) capability for Propulsion Wind Tunnel Facility (PWT) 16T using the lifetime PSP technique. The technology has recently also been implemented in Aerodynamic Wind Tunnel 4T, the PWT 4-ft transonic wind tunnel, as a subscale version of the system used in 16T. This new system was developed to be portable, for use in 4T, Supersonic Wind Tunnel A in the von Karman Facility (VKF), and other wind tunnel facilities. The portable system has been used in 4T to acquire pressure data on a target vehicle and in two NASA Ames wind tunnels to acquire data on the Crew Exploration Vehicle. A description of the system and results from the tests are presented.
Study on School-family Health Education Mode about Tumor in Rural Community

[Objective] To explore the tumor health education's effective carriers and objects.[Methods]Totally 621 primary and secondary students and their parents were selected as survey objects for questionnaire survey and health education.[Results]After the intervention, tumor-related knowledge level was significantly improved, relevant attitude was changed, some bad behaviors were corrected, all the difference were significant.[Conclusion]Under the conditions of rapid socioeconomic development, the dispersed living of people with difficulty in concentration, lower educational levels of peasants, the adoption of tumor health education on school students and then passing to their parents, is an effective method for rural community health education about tumor.
Refractory restless legs syndrome likely caused by olanzapine.

We report a case of severe restless legs syndrome (RLS) that occurred as a side effect of olanzapine therapy. It was refractory to treatment with 2 mg of clonazepam and 3 mg ropinirole. There was partial relief with propoxyphene, however, it was stopped because of side effects. The symptoms disappeared once olanzapine was switched to another antipsychotic medication. Only two prior published reports associate olanzapine usage with development of RLS. In one report, low-dose benzodiazepines and ropinirole were associated with resolution of RLS symptoms stating dopamine depletion as the likely etiology. In our patient, however, RLS due to olanzapine was refractory to the trial of both high-dose benzodiazepine and ropinirole. This suggests that RLS occurring as a side effect of olanzapine therapy may have additional causative mechanisms beyond simple dopamine depletion as postulated before. High-dose narcotics, if tolerated, may be an alternative in such refractory cases. Citation: Khalid I; Rana L; Khalid TJ; Roehrs T. Refractory Restless Legs Syndrome Likely Caused by Olanzapine. J Clin Sleep Med 2009;5(1):68-69.
Aortic Volumetry at Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Angiography: Feasibility as a Sensitive Method for Monitoring Bicuspid Aortic Valve Aortopathy.

OBJECTIVES Bicuspid aortic valve patients can develop thoracic aortic aneurysms and therefore require serial imaging to monitor aortic growth. This study investigates the reliability of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CEMRA) volumetry compared with 2-dimensional diameter measurements to identify thoracic aortic aneurysm growth. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective, institutional review board-approved, and Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act-compliant study was conducted on 20 bicuspid aortic valve patients (45 ± 8.9 years, 20% women) who underwent serial CEMRA with a minimum imaging follow-up of 11 months. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed at 1.5 T with electrocardiogram-gated, time-resolved CEMRA. Independent observers measured the diameter at the sinuses of Valsalva (SOVs) and mid ascending aorta (MAA) as well as ascending aorta volume between the aortic valve annulus and innominate branch. Intraobserver/interobserver coefficient of variation (COV) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were computed to assess reliability. Growth rates were calculated and assessed by Student t test (P < 0.05, significant). The diameter of maximal growth (DMG), defined as the diameter at SOV or MAA with the faster growth rate, was recorded. RESULTS The mean time of follow-up was 2.6 ± 0.82 years. The intraobserver COV was 0.01 for SOV, 0.02 for MAA, and 0.02 for volume (interobserver COV: 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, respectively). The ICC was 0.83 for SOV, 0.86 for MAA, 0.90 for DMG, and 0.95 for volume. Average aortic measurements at baseline and (follow-up) were 42 ± 3 mm (42 ± 3 mm, P = 0.11) at SOV, 46 ± 4 mm (47 ± 4 mm, P < 0.05) at MAA, and 130 ± 23 mL (144 ± 24 mL, P < 0.05). Average size changes were 0.2 ± 0.6 mm/y (1% ± 2%) at SOV, 0.5 ± 0.8 mm/y (1% ± 2%) at MAA, 0.7 ± 0.7 mm/y (2% ± 2%) at DMG, and 6 ± 3 mL/y (4% ± 3%) with volumetry. CONCLUSIONS Three-dimensional CEMRA volumetry exhibited a larger effect when examining percentage growth, a better ICC, and a marginally lower COV. Volumetry may be more sensitive to growth and possibly less affected by error than diameter measurements.
Combinatorial Methods for Epistasis and Dominance.

Abstract We develop computational tools for the analysis of nonlinear genotype–phenotype relationships with epistasis among multiple loci or dominance interactions among multiple alleles within the same locus. Theory distinguishes between separable traits, with removable epistasis, and traits with essential epistasis. Separable traits can be transformed to a natural scale where additive methods apply. The methods we present solve for the natural scale, exactly when possible and approximately when not. Through graph methods, our methods allow for enumeration, counting, or sampling of distinct trait architectures satisfying constraints from the separability theory. A tool is provided for diagnosing which separability constraints are violated by a given nonseparable architecture. For genetic traits controlled by limited numbers of loci and alleles, our algorithm enumerates all possible trait structures and finds exact or error-minimizing linearizing transformations by formulating a constrained optimization p...
Abstract 3104: Molecular features that determine the sensitivity of cancer cells to abemaciclib, an inhibitor of CDK4 and CDK6

It is well established that phosphorylation of Rb-family pocket proteins by CDK4 and CDK6 is important for the commitment of cancer cells to a new cell cycle and the initiation of the G1-S phase transition. Abemaciclib is a potent inhibitor of the kinase activity of both CDK4 and CDK6 and is currently undergoing clinical testing. To better understand the molecular determinants of response to abemaciclib, we tested its anti-proliferative activity across a panel of over 500 well characterized cancer cell lines. Statistical approaches were employed to uncover genomic features associated with the response. Candidate markers of sensitivity and resistance were further tested by genetic manipulations in vitro. In vivo models representing the candidate molecular marker of sensitivity were identified and drug efficacy examined. Three broad classes of response were identified. The class of tumors cells most resistant to abemaciclib showed enrichment for RB1 mutations. Conversely, cell lines with amplification of CCND2 and CCND3 were among the very most sensitive tumor cells and tumor cells with these markers showed evidence of senescence and apoptosis after either depletion of the cognate D-cyclin or treatment with abemaciclib. In vivo models of tumors harboring CCND2 and CCND3 gene amplification were very sensitive to abemaciclib treatment and showed evidence of tumor regression. Citation Format: Xueqian Gong, Li-Chun Chio, MaryJo Lallena, Farhana Merzoug, Shaoyou Chu, Yue Webster, Jack Dempsey, Xiwen Ma, Alfonso De Dios, Richard Beckman, Sean G. Buchanan. Molecular features that determine the sensitivity of cancer cells to abemaciclib, an inhibitor of CDK4 and CDK6. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 3104. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-3104
Genetic Dissection of Cooperating Mutations in BXH-2 Acute Myeloid Leukemia with and without Nf1 Gene Mutation.

Loss of the NF1 (Neurofibromatosis Type 1) gene, a tumor suppressor, can cause myeloid diseases juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML), monosomy 7 syndrome (Mo7), and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, using knockout mice, it has been shown that loss of Nf1 expression in hematopoietic cells, by itself, does not lead to aggressive leukemia resulting instead in a relatively indolent myeloproliferative disease. Murine Leukemia Virus (MuLV) insertional mutagenesis in BXH-2 mice provides a model to dissect genetic alterations in AML. We have profiled proviral insertions in BXH-2 AML which do or do not have corresponding loss-of-function of Nf1. 197 PIS (68 from 25 Nf1-wild type AML and 129 from 55 Nf1-defective AML) were isolated. Nf1-defective AML were obtained from BXH-2 AMLs with proviral insertions into the endogenous Nf1 gene and AML that developed in leukemia-prone, heterozygous Nf1+/− BXH-2 mice. These latter AMLs develop faster than wild-type BXH-2 AMLs and show Nf1 gene LOH or proviral insertion into the wild-type Nf1 allele. These analyses led to 37 common proviral insertion sites (CIS), 13 of which have not been reported previously. Several of the CIS (including Lmo2, Cmyb, Meis1, Bcl11a, Spred2, Def8, Edg3, Hoxa9, and a novel Krab domain-zinc finger gene) were found repeatedly among the Nf1-defective group of AML. Expression of most could be detected in human JMML and CMML by RT-PCR, including BCL11A. Importantly, among the CIS we detected, PIS targeting Bcl11a were significantly enriched (p
Cancer screening patterns in caregivers accompanying patients to radiation oncology.

e12567 Background: To explore cancer screening habits of caregivers, defined in this IRB-approved study as individuals accompanying patients to radiation oncology consultations. Our objectives were...
Kinetics and Mechanisms of Degradation of Binuclear Cobalt Dioxygen Complexes

The stability constants and oxygenation constants of the cobalt(II) dioxygen complex, 1, of the polyamine 1,6-bis(2-pyridyl)-2,5-diazahexane, PYEN, have been determined by potentiometrie methods. The degradation of the binuclear dibridged (µ-peroxo-µ-hydroxo)dioxygen complex formed by Co(II)-PYEN is compared with those of the monobridged cobalt(Il)-dioxygen complexes, 2 and 3, formed by the cobalt(II) complexes of the pentadentate polyamines 1,9-bis(2-pyridyl)2,5,8.-triazanonane (PYDIEN)l and 2,6-bis(2-(3,6-diazahexyl)pyridine) (EPYDEN)2 respectively. The equilibrium constants obtained determine the concentrations of the complexes formed by PYEN in aqueous solution and distribution curves are presented, which show the pH range in which the dioxygen complex 1 is the predominant species.
School-Based Curriculum to Improve Depression Literacy Among US Secondary School Students: A Randomized Effectiveness Trial

Objectives. To determine the effectiveness of a universal school-based depression education program.Methods. In 2012–2015, we matched 6679 students from 66 secondary schools into pairs by state (Maryland, Delaware, Pennsylvania, Michigan, and Oklahoma) and randomized to the Adolescent Depression Awareness Program (ADAP; n = 3681) or to a waitlist control condition (n = 2998). Trained teachers delivered ADAP as part of the health education curriculum to students aged 14 to 15 years. The primary outcome was depression literacy. Secondary outcomes included mental health stigma and, in a subset of the sample, the receipt of mental health services. Follow-up was at 4 months.Results. ADAP resulted in significantly higher levels of depression literacy among participating students than did waitlist controls, after adjusting for pretest assessment depression literacy (P < .001). Overall, ADAP did not significantly affect stigma (P = .1). After ADAP, students approached 46% of teachers with concerns about themselve...
Challenge problems: A method to improve critical thinking skills

The traditional form-factor and delivery method for homework has become less effective as student attitudes towards homework have changed to reflect access to digital modalities. These elements have created an evolving landscape with respect to role of homework. In a sense, our approach to homework has been influenced by the established culture whereby “it has always been done this way.” This work introduces a framework to address these changes while increasing context awareness and proficiency with the overall workflow. Performance feedback, overall grade impact and access to relevant examples are among the factors motivating student engagement with homework. As the efficacy of homework has decreased, educators are looking for new learning activities to strengthen student preparation. Ideally, the objective of homework should transition from the reinforcement of ideas to the development of critical thinking skills. Our approach is to introduce an activity to supplement traditional textbook problems in an effort extend the bounds of critical thinking and improve student engagement. Students are presented with a set of open-end problems that challenge them to move beyond the boundaries of their textbook problems. These weekly prompts, referred to as “challenge problems” serve to illustrate concepts in an integrated context. Student response to the “challenge” problem framework has been positive and evaluation of exam data indicate improved performance on exam questions involving combined concepts. Students also express an improved ability to “start” problems in later stages of the class. In aggregate, they exhibit a greater confidence with respect to critical thinking and recognize the importance formulating an appropriate solution strategy at the onset of the process. The challenge problems have been woven into the course lectures and their solutions often serve to scaffold upcoming lecture material. Several example problems are provided. This technique is well suited for instructors looking to increase student engagement and interactivity in the classroom. Students have reflected that the completed challenge problems serve as reference material for follow on courses.
Semi-preparative high-resolution recycling liquid chromatography.

Abstract A semi-preparative high-resolution system based on twin column recycling liquid chromatography was built. The integrated system includes a binary pump mixer, a sample manager, a two-column oven compartment, two low-dispersion detection cells, and a fraction manager (analytical). It addresses challenges in drug/impurity purification, which involve several constraints simultaneously: (1) small selectivity factors (α The prototype system was tested for the preparation of a trace impurity present in a concentrated solution of an API, estradiol. The ultimate goal was to collect ∼1 mg of impurity (>90% purity) for unambiguous structure elucidation by liquid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR 600 MHz and above). First, the particle size (3.5 μm) used to pack the 4.6 mm × 150 mm long twin columns is selected so that the speed-resolution of the recycling process is maximized at 4000 psi pressure drop. Next, the production rate of the process is also maximized by determining the optimum number (7) of cycles and the corresponding largest sample volume (160 μL) to be injected. Finally, the process is fully automated by programming the time events related to (1) sample cleaning, (2) transfer of the targeted impurity from one to the second twin column, and (3) impurity collection. The process was tested without interruption during one week for the collection of a trace impurity (α = 1.166, strong acetonitrile-methanol sample diluent, concentration ∼2 mg/L) from a concentrated (10 g/L) stock solution (60 mL total) of estradiol. The process enriches the impurity content relative to the API by about a factor ∼5000. For the lack of a sufficient collected amount (∼120 μg only) of the pure impurity (purity 50% only), NMR experiments could not provide reliable results. Instead, the combination of LC–MS (single ion monitoring) and UV absorption spectra (λmax shift) revealed that the targeted impurity was likely the low-abundant enol tautomeric form of the ketone estrone, a possible intermediate or by-product of the synthesis reaction of estradiol.
Ultrasound-Guided Aspiration Does Not Reduce the Recurrence Rate of Ganglion Cysts of the Wrist.

Background Ganglion cysts are the most frequent soft tissue tumor encountered in the upper extremity and are commonly treated by aspiration or by surgical excision. Ultrasound is a promising addition to traditional aspiration, as it allows for visualization of the needle within the ganglion before aspiration. Questions Are ganglion cysts of the wrist less likely to reoccur if they are aspirated under ultrasound guidance versus “blind” aspiration without the use of ultrasound guidance? Does patient functionality change based on whether or not the cyst recurred? Patients and Methods In total, 52 patients were successfully contacted and recurrence rates were compared between those whose cyst was treated with ultrasound-guided (13 patients) with those whose cyst was treated with blind aspiration (39 patients). Mean follow-up time was 2.9 years. Results Recurrence rates were 69% (9 patients) and 74% (29 patients) for the ultrasound-guided and blind aspiration groups, respectively (p-value: 0.73), showing no significant difference in recurrences of wrist ganglion between the two groups. A metric of functionality (Quick–DASH [Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand]) revealed worse outcomes in patients who experienced return of ganglion cyst after aspiration versus those who did not. Conclusion Additional studies with improved sample sizes are needed to demonstrate the superiority of ultrasound-guided aspiration versus blind aspiration. Due to a high recurrence rate following aspiration (both ultrasound-guided and blinded), a lower threshold for surgical intervention is likely reasonable. Level of Evidence This is a Level IIIb study.
Effect of packaging and cooling plates on mechanical response and failure characteristics of automotive Li-ion battery modules

Abstract When a battery pack is subjected to external mechanical load, i.e. as in the case of crash, the individual cells experience significant deformations leading to the internal short circuit and possibly fire. The current investigation looks into effects of the inactive components (i.e. cooling plates and module protective enclosure) on deformation and failure of individual pouch cells. Experiments on large spherical indentation of electric vehicle battery module with and without such components have been performed. The results show that the presence of cooling plates overall reduces the force under out-of-plane indentation by approximately a factor of 1.5. It was established however that the failure in cells occurs at the same displacement of the indenter, regardless of the presence of the inactive elements in battery module structure. This underlines the necessity for formulation of the failure criterion based on critical strain, rather than critical stress measure. The findings suggest possibility of utilizing such battery modules in impact energy absorption scenarios, due to reduction in force by the cooling components. X-Ray computed tomography (XCT) has been performed on the cells as a non-destructive analysis of internal failure and the differences of failure mode induced by introduction of structural components are discussed.
Cloud responses to climate variability over the extratropical oceans as observed by MISR and MODIS

Abstract. Linear temporal trends in cloud fraction over the extratropical oceans, observed by NASA's Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) during the period from 2000 to 2013, are examined in the context of coincident European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis data using a maximum covariance analysis. Changes in specific cloud types defined with respect to cloud-top height and cloud optical depth are related to trends in reanalysis variables. A pattern of reduced high-altitude optically thick cloud and increased low-altitude cloud of moderate optical depth is found to be associated with increased temperatures, geopotential heights, and anti-cyclonic flow over the extratropical oceans. These and other trends in cloud occurrence are shown to be correlated with changes in the El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), the North Pacific index (NPI), and the Southern Annular Mode (SAM).
Edge Computing and Efficient Resource Management for Integration of Video Devices in Smart Grid Deployments

Internet-of-Things (IoT) as an emerging computing paradigm, refers to interconnected devices with sensing, processing and communication capabilities that promise to offer new intelligent services in many aspects of urban life, such as smart homes, smart cities, smart transportation systems and smart energy. One of the key components of smart energy systems, smart grids, utilize IoT technology in order to exchange data between different devices in the network. In this chapter, we propose an Edge-Computing based methodology that targets to balance the content generation of cameras in an IoT environment deployed for surveillance of a smart grid infrastructure. The purpose of the methodology is to allow smart grid to incorporate devices that generate visual content in the existing infrastructure by meeting the applications’ requirements, efficiently utilizing the available resources and achieve the highest Quality-of-Service.
Using Operational Radar to Identify Deep Hail Accumulations from Thunderstorms

AbstractThunderstorms that produce surface hail accumulations, sometimes as large as 60 cm in depth, have significantly affected the residents of the Front Range and High Plains of Colorado and Wyo...
Nonlinear buckling of thin-walled FGM arch encased in rigid confinement subjected to external pressure

Abstract This paper investigates the buckling of confined thin-walled functionally graded material (FGM) arch subjected to external pressure. The confined FGM arch buckles in a single-lobe deformation expressed by an admissible radial displacement function. The critical buckling pressure of the confined FGM arch is obtained analytically by establishing the nonlinear equilibrium equations based on the classical thin-walled arch theory. Subsequently, a two-dimensional (2D) finite element model (FEM) is established to trace the pre- and post-buckling equilibrium paths. Geometric nonlinearities are introduced since large displacement and rotation occur during the whole deformation of the FGM arch. The numerical results show very close agreement with the present analytical solutions in terms of the hoop force through the FGM arch span, the critical buckling pressure, and the pressure-displacement equilibrium paths. Furthermore, the present predictions are compared successfully with other closed-form expressions for the confined homogeneous arch. Finally, the effect of volume fraction exponent on the buckling pressure, the hoop force and bending moment through the arch span is examined and discussed to further understand the buckling behavior of the confined FGM arch.
The Design and Implementation of a VR Gun Controller with Haptic Feedback

Virtual reality is often interpreted as an experience where the user is immersed in a responsive virtual world. Gaming in a virtual world often utilizes peripherals in order to enhance user immersion. This paper provides the design and implementation of a VR gun controller with haptic feedback for the HTC Vive. Compared to current gun controllers with recoil systems that cost between $260 to $2400, the proposed design costs $150 while providing an immersive experience to the users.
Strengthening Sustainability Rating Credit for Off-Site Construction

Off-site construction has inherent advantages over conventional construction in terms of sustainability that extend well beyond lower construction site waste, yet the common building sustainability rating systems in the U.S. and Canada provide little or no credits to reflect prefabricationao»s sustainability-promoting characteristics. As project owners in the U.S. and Canada increasingly demand that their projects receive certification by one of the common building sustainability rating systems, off-site constructionao»s inherent advantages over conventional construction in terms of cost and time may be reduced by off-site constructionao»s lack of advantages in terms of sustainability rating credits. After identifying sustainability rating credits that favor off-site production and other credits that disfavor off-site production, the paper concludes by identifying actions off-site construction producers should consider to increase sustainability rating credits for their products.
The “Sh-Ape Bias” in Non-Linguistic Categorization: Comparisons between Children and Other Apes

ABSTRACTChildren show a bias toward information about shape when labeling or determining category membership for novel objects. The body of work with human children suggests that the shape bias is ...
Integrated Actuation of Microfluidically Reconfigurable mm-Wave SPST Switches

This article demonstrates the design and performance of a single-pole single-throw (SPST) microfluidically reconfigurable switch. The switch is formed by placing a microfluidic channel over a microstrip line gap discontinuity. A selectively metallized plate located inside the microfluidic channel is repositioned with fluid flow to capacitively load the discontinuity to achieve the RF switching functionality. Different from prior works based on external micropumps, the SPST switch is integrated with a piezoelectric actuator. The switch layout is optimized to obtain a low actuation time. A switch prototype is characterized to exhibit low insertion loss (0.42 dB) at 30 GHz and wide bandwidth (18 GHz). It operates with rise and fall times down to 1.12 ms. It is actuated by three million switching cycles with no performance degradation. To the best of our knowledge, the presented switch exhibits the lowest reconfiguration time, highest operation frequency, and the highest reliability among the microfluidically reconfigurable devices reported in recent literature.
Data Management in Health-Related Research Involving Indigenous Communities in the United States and Canada: A Scoping Review.

Background: Multiple factors, including experiences with unethical research practices, have made some Indigenous groups in the United States and Canada reticent to participate in potentially beneficial health-related research. Yet, Indigenous peoples have also expressed a willingness to participate in research when certain conditions related to the components of data management—including data collection, analysis, security and storage, sharing, dissemination, and withdrawal—are met. A scoping review was conducted to better understand the terms of data management employed in health-related research involving Indigenous communities in the United States and Canada. Methods: PubMed, Embase, PsychINFO, and Web of Science were searched using terms related to the populations and topics of interest. Results were screened and articles deemed eligible for inclusion were extracted for content on data management, community engagement, and community-level research governance. Results: The search strategy returned 753 articles. 31 total articles were extracted, of which nine contained in-depth information on data management and underwent detailed extraction. All nine articles reported the development and implementation of data management tools, including research ethics codes, data-sharing agreements, and biobank access policies. These articles reported that communities were involved in activities and decisions related to data collection (n=7), data analysis (n=5), data-sharing (n=9), dissemination (n=7), withdrawal (n=4), and development of data management tools (n=9). The articles also reported that communities had full or shared ownership of (n=5), control over (n=9), access to (n=1), and possession of data (n=5). All nine articles discussed the role of community engagement in research and community-level research governance as means for aligning the terms of data management with the values, needs, and interests of communities. Conclusions: There is need for more research and improved reporting on data management in health-related research involving Indigenous peoples in the United States and Canada. Findings from this review can provide guidance for the identification of data management terms and practices that may be acceptable to Indigenous communities considering participation in health-related research.
On the Design of RD-MIMO: Spatial Multiplexing Versus Opportunistic Transmission Schemes

In this work, we focus on the implementation of reconfigurable distributed multiple-input multiple-output (RD-MIMO) schemes in practical communication environment. Considering RD-MIMO schemes, we raise an original research question, i.e., under what scenario whether we should recruit-then-transmit to multiple mobile receivers simultaneously or just recruit-then-transmit to one best selected mobile receiver. To address this question, we design a spatial multiplexing RD-MIMO (SM-RD-MIMO) scheme and an opportunistic RD-MIMO (O-RD-MIMO) scheme for the scenario of multiuser communication and that of one single best user communication, respectively. Aiming at the practical implementation of the RD-MIMO schemes, we choose zero-forcing (ZF) and maximal ratio transmitting (MRT) as beamforming strategies for the SM-RD-MIMO scheme and the O-RD-MIMO scheme, respectively. To evaluate the performance of the proposed schemes, we formulate sum rate maximization problems and solve the formulated problems analytically under some specific network settings. Through analytical and numerical examples, we show that the SM-RD-MIMO scheme outperforms the O-RD-MIMO scheme at moderate and high transmit signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regimes, and vice versa at low transmit SNR regime. In addition, via numerical results, we provide a new finding that the ZF precoding under dynamic transmit power threshold-based per transmitter power constraint (PTPC) gives the same performance as that of the ZF precoding under sum power constraint (SPC).
When Are All the Zeros of a Polynomial Real and Distinct

This note gives necessary and sufficient conditions for all the zeros of a single-variable polynomial with real coefficients to be real and distinct.
Impact of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on perioperative morbidity after major surgery for head and neck cancer.

BACKGROUND Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) has been used in patients with advanced head and neck cancers (HNCs) with the intent of downstaging tumors and suppressing distant metastases. However, to the authors' knowledge, the perioperative impact of NAC has not been systematically explored in patients with HNC. The objective of the current study was to compare perioperative outcomes with surgery upfront compared with patients treated with NAC. METHODS Between March 1, 2016, and March 31, 2019, patients undergoing surgery for HNC with flap reconstruction at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston were included. Data were extracted from the prospectively maintained National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. Postoperative complications, return to operating room, and readmission rates were compared. Univariate and multivariate analyses of length of stay and overall and wound complications were performed. RESULTS A total of 834 patients were analyzed, 687 of whom (82.4%) underwent surgery upfront and 147 of whom (17.6%) received NAC. A total of 631 cases (75.7%) involved the upper aerodigestive tract whereas 203 cases (24.3%) were cutaneous. A total of 317 patients (38.0%) had recurrent disease. The NAC group was younger (P < .001) and had less hypertension (P = .011), but had more advanced clinical stage tumors (P < .001) and surgeries with multiple flap reconstruction (P = .007). Patient groups did not differ with regard to wound complications (P = .47), return to operating room (P = .31), or readmission rates (P = .49). The NAC group received more blood transfusions (P < .001) but was found to have a lower risk of overall complications on multivariate analysis (odds ratio, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.30-0.83). The overall complication rate was unchanged with surgery performed ≤21 days after the last chemotherapy cycle. CONCLUSIONS Patients undergoing NAC appear to have a higher disease burden but tend to be younger and healthier. Within the context of this inherent selection bias, NAC does not appear to increase perioperative morbidity among patients undergoing surgery for HNC.
Nitrogen Content in Craft Malts: Effects on Total Ester Concentration in Beer

Malt is an essential ingredient in beer; not only because it provides yeast with essential nutrients such as amino acids and fermentable sugars, it also adds to the beer’s color, body and flavor. T...
Live-Load Testing of Flat Precast Slab Bridge to Determine Joint Efficiency and Distribution Factors for Moment

AbstractA live-load test was conducted on an in-service bridge containing flat precast concrete slabs. The purpose of the test was to evaluate transverse load distribution and efficiency of the lon...
Predicting long‐term postsurgical pain by examining the evolution of acute pain

Background Increased acute postoperative pain intensity has been associated with the development of persistent postsurgical pain (PPP) in mechanistic and clinical investigations, but it remains unclear which aspects of acute pain explain this linkage. Methods We analysed clinical postoperative pain intensity assessments using symbolic aggregate approximations (SAX), a graphical way of representing changes between pain states from one patient evaluation to the next, to visualize and understand how pain intensity changes across sequential assessments are associated with the intensity of postoperative pain at 1 (M1) and 6 (M6) months after surgery. SAX-based acute pain transition patterns were compared using cosine similarity, which indicates the degree to which patterns mirror each other. Results This single-centre prospective cohort study included 364 subjects. Patterns of acute postoperative pain sequential transitions differed between the 'None' and 'Severe' outcomes at M1 (cosine similarity 0.44) and M6 (cosine similarity 0.49). Stratifications of M6 outcomes by preoperative pain intensity, sex, age group, surgery type and catastrophising showed significant heterogeneity of pain transition patterns within and across strata. Severe-to-severe acute pain transitions were common, but not exclusive, in patients with moderate or severe pain intensity at M6. Conclusions Clinically, these results suggest that individual pain-state transitions, even within patient or procedural strata associated with PPP, may not alone offer good predictive information regarding PPP. Longitudinal observation in the immediate postoperative period and consideration of patient- and surgery-specific factors may help indicate which patients are at increased risk of PPP. Significance Symbolic aggregate approximations of clinically obtained, acute postoperative pain intraday time series identify different motifs in patients suffering moderate to severe pain 6 months after surgery.
OBSERVATIONAL SIGNATURES OF PLANETS IN PROTOPLANETARY DISKS: SPIRAL ARMS OBSERVED IN SCATTERED LIGHT IMAGING CAN BE INDUCED BY PLANETS

Using 3D global hydro simulations coupled with radiative transfer calculations, we study the appearance of density waves induced by giant planets in direct imaging observations at near-infrared wavelengths. We find that a planet in a typical disk around a star can produce prominent and detectable spiral arms both interior and exterior to its orbit. The inner arms have (1) two well separated arms in roughly m = 2 symmetry, (2) exhibit ~10°–15° pitch angles, (3) ~180°–270° extension in the azimuthal direction, and (4) surface brightness enhancement, all broadly consistent with observed spiral arms in the SAO 206462 and MWC 758 systems. The outer arms cannot explain observations as they are too tightly wound given typical disk scale height. We confirm previous results that the outer density waves excited by a planet exhibit low contrast in the IR and are practically not detectable. We also find that 3D effects of the waves are important. Compared to isothermal models, density waves in adiabatic disks exhibit weaker contrast in surface density but stronger contrast in scattered light images, due to a more pronounced vertical structure in the former caused by shock heating and maybe hydraulic jump effect. To drive observed pairs of arms with an external companion on a circular orbit, a massive planet, possibly a brown dwarf, is needed at around [, ] (position angle PA from north to east) in SAO 206462 and [, ] in MWC 758. Their existence may be confirmed by direct imaging planet searches.
A clinical reasoning framework for fatigue for neurologic physical therapy

Background: Fatigue is a common but poorly understood phenomenon frequently seen in patients with neurologic diagnoses. The impact of fatigue on mobility in these patients can be significant, indic...
Ultrasound's Impact on Preclinical Medical Student Neurology Unit Grades: Findings After 2 Years.

Objectives Ultrasound is a valuable tool for anatomy education, but limited evidence exists for using ultrasound to teach neuroanatomy and neurophysiology. Previous work demonstrated a potential increase in medical knowledge in preclinical medical students participating in a neurology ultrasound workshop, however, without comparison to a control group. After 2 years, we assessed how a neurology ultrasound workshop affected the medical knowledge of participating preclinical medical students compared to a traditional curriculum control group. Methods This quasiexperimental study compared academic performance of ultrasound workshop participants to nonparticipant classmates. The primary outcome was the overall neurologic disorders unit total score. An analysis of covariance was conducted to test for statistically significant differences while controlling for the average quiz score. Results A total of 360 medical students were included in the study. The intervention group (n = 57) showed no significant difference in the total unit score (F = 3.206; P = .074), with averages for the control and experimental groups being 87.3% ± 5.0% and 88.4% ± 4.8%, respectively. Additionally, anatomy practical scores and written final examination scores were not significantly different between groups (F = 1.035; P = .310; F = 2.035; P = .155). Conclusions Participation in a neurologic disorders ultrasound workshop did not appear to be correlated with improved curricular performance in our cohort. Further research should continue to assess ultrasound workshops in other organ systems to elucidate the relationship between learning ultrasound and the impact on medical school academic performance.
Tandem field and laboratory approaches to quantify attenuation mechanisms of pharmaceutical and pharmaceutical transformation products in a wastewater effluent-dominated stream.

Abstract Evolving complex mixtures of pharmaceuticals and transformation products in effluent-dominated streams pose potential impacts to aquatic species; thus, understanding the attenuation dynamics in the field and characterizing the prominent attenuation mechanisms of pharmaceuticals and their transformation products (TPs) is critical for hazard assessments. Herein, we determined the attenuation dynamics and the associated prominent mechanisms of pharmaceuticals and their corresponding TPs via a combined long-term field study and controlled laboratory experiments. For the field study, we quantified spatiotemporal exposure concentrations of five pharmaceuticals and six associated TPs in a small, temperate-region effluent-dominated stream during baseflow conditions where the wastewater plant was the main source of pharmaceuticals. We selected four sites (upstream, at, and two progressively downstream from effluent discharge) and collected water samples at 16 time points (64 samples in total, approximately twice monthly, depending on flows) for 1 year. Concurrently, we conducted photolysis, sorption, and biodegradation batch tests under controlled conditions to determine the major attenuation mechanisms. We observed 10-fold greater attenuation rates in the field compared to batch tests, demonstrating that connecting laboratory batch tests with field measurements to enhance predictive power is a critical need. Batch systems alone, often used for assessment, are useful for determining fate processes but poorly approximate in-stream attenuation kinetics. Sorption was the dominant attenuation process (t1/2
Prevalence of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease in a bariatric versus nonbariatric population: a retrospective analysis of the U.S. National Inpatient Sample database

Background In the past five 5 years our team has studied the effects of bariatric surgery on chronic kidney disease (CKD) at our institution. Objectives The objective of this study was to assess the impact of bariatric surgery (BaS) on the prevalence and likelihood of CKD and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) nationwide. Setting Academic hospital, United States. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of the U.S. National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database for the years 2010-2015 and compared. Univariate and multivariable analysis were performed to assess the impact of BaS on the point prevalence and the probability of CKD and ESRD. Similarly, a multivariable logistic regression was conducted to measure the impact of the most important risk factors for CKD exclusively in a severely obese population. Results Data on 296,041 BaS cases and 2,004,804 severely obese controls was extracted from the NIS database and relative to controls, all baseline CKD risk factors were less common among bariatric surgery cases. Nonetheless, even after adjusting for all CKD risk factors, controls exhibited marked increases in the odds of CKD-stage III (odds ratio [OR] 3.10 [3.05-3.14], P Conclusion In this retrospective, case control study of a large, representative national sample of patients with severe obesity, BaS was found to be associated with significantly reduced point-prevalence and likelihood for CKD when adjusted for baseline CKD risk factors as compared with patients with obesity who did not undergo BaS. Overall, BaS resulted in a reduced rate and a moderate decrease in the likelihood of ESRD.
Countable and Uncountable Sets

Having mastered finite sets, we now turn to understanding the infinite. We know that ℕ is infinite, and we know that ℚ is infinite (see Problem 22.8). Are they equivalent? In some sense, we can count ℕ and it may feel as though we cannot count ℚ—that is, as though we cannot list a first element, second element, third element, and so on. However, we shall see that ℚ and ℕ are, in fact, equivalent.