cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Numerical convergence of the Lyapunov spectrum computed using low Mach number solvers

Abstract In the dynamical systems approach to describing turbulent or otherwise chaotic flows, an important quantity is the Lyapunov exponents and vectors that characterize the strange attractor of the flow. In particular, knowledge of the Lyapunov exponents and vectors will help identify perturbations that the system is most sensitive to, and quantify the dimension of the attractor. However, reliably computing these quantities requires robust numerical algorithms. While several perturbation-based techniques are available in literature, their application to commonly used turbulent flow solvers as well the numerical convergence properties have not been studied in detail. The goal of this work is to examine the convergence properties of the Lyapunov exponents when computed using a low Mach number solver, for a series of progressively complex flow problems. In particular, a manufactured solutions approach is devised using the Orr-Sommerfeld (OS) perturbation theory to extract Lyapunov exponents and vectors from OS eigen solutions. Overall the spatial convergence rates of Lyapunov exponents follow the truncation order for the discretization scheme. However, temporal convergence rates were found to be only a weak function of timestep used. Additionally, for some configurations, the convergence properties are found to depend on the Lyapunov exponent itself. These results indicate that convergence properties do not follow universal rates, and require careful analysis for specific configurations considered.
Clinical management of bacterial keratitis in the new era

Bacterial keratitis is a common infectious keratitis.Patients often end up with severe vision loss even after the infection is completely eradicated.With the increasing resistance of pathogens to antibiotics, treatment of bacterial keratitis has become increasingly difficult.Facing such an emerging challenge, the present review outlined recent clinical experience in the diagnosis and treatment of bacterial keratitis.In addition to a summary on practice standards in specimen collection, selection of common culture media and antibiotics, a new simple and efficacious antibiotic delivery method is introduced using continuous subpalpebral lavage for the treatment of severe and recalcitrant bacterial keratitis. Key words: Bacterial keratitis; Drug resistant pathogens; Morgan lens; Continuous subpalpebral antibiotic lavage
Mechanism and Regulation of Protein Synthesis in Mammalian Mitochondria

The mammalian mitochondrial translation machinery is responsible for the synthesis of 13 mitochondrially encoded proteins that are essential for energy production. These proteins are subunits of the oxidative phosphorylation complexes embedded in the inner membrane of mitochondria. Mitochondrial protein synthesis is highly similar to that of bacterial systems; however, there are subtle differences between these systems in terms of their mechanisms and components. In this review, we will discuss the elements of mitochondrial translation, including the stages of protein synthesis and the factors involved in these processes. Although much still waits to be learned about the regulation of this system, a summary of what is currently known about the regulation of its protein components by post-translational modifications, specifically concerning energy metabolism, will also be included in this chapter.
MOUSE SAA3: DETECTION IN MOUSE TISSUES WITH SPECIFIC ANTIBODY

Antibodies to a protein A-SAA3 fusion protein were generated in rabbits. Immunochemical studies using SAA3 antiserum were performed on tissues from LPS treated mice and revealed positive reactions to liver hepatocytes and other tissues.
Masked Messenger RNA and Cytoplasmic DNA in Relation to Protein Synthesis and Processes of Fertilization and Determination in Embryonic Development

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses masked messenger RNA and cytoplasmic DNA in relation to protein synthesis and processes of fertilization and determination in embryonic development. It has been demonstrated that mRNAs can occur in a masked form (mmRNA) in the mature unfertilized egg and become activated upon fertilization or upon artificial parthenogenesis of nonnucleate egg fragments. New mRNA is synthesized during early development also in an inactive form. The mmRNAs are found in protein-containing particles mostly smaller than the subribosomal units. They may also occur associated with polysomes of a kind that are not dissociable into monoribosomes by RNase unless pretreated with trypsin. The present view is that the primary event in the determination of a particular embryonic tissue is the production of the relevant mmRNAs. In favor of this is the occurrence, prior to the relevant differentiation, of a period of insensitivity to inhibition by dactinomycin, X-rays, or other agents that inhibit DNA-dependent RNA synthesis. Cytoplasmic DNA, measured by newer methods that eliminate interfering materials, is less in amount than previously reported but still several times the nuclear DNA in sea urchins and in other animals. It has the same priming capacity for RNA synthesis as nuclear DNA. Evidence that intrinsically synthesized protein may be exported from mitochondria provides a basis for possible morphogenetic action of these cell organelles.
On the Dimension of a Finite Difference Approximation to Divergence-Free Vectors

The condition div \( \overrightarrow u = 0\) on a region Ω in Rn is approximated by finite differences. Grid functions ui,j. satisfying this condition form a vector space. Calculation of the dimension and calculation of a basis for this vector space are discussed. An illustrative example is included.
Toward a Genealogical Description of the Primates

There is now a substantial body of molecular data on the genetic relationships of man and various primates to one another and to other animals. One of the ways to use these data is to deduce from them a phylogenetic classification or cladogram which describes the genealogical branchings of the order Primates. Such a framework for viewing the process of cladogenesis in primate phylogeny can provide an objective basis for a more detailed analysis of other processes underlying primate and human evolution. Like Emile Zuckerkandl (this volume), I consider anagenesis to be the principal process characterizing the emergence of man. Anagenesis is that form of progressive evolution which increases the level of molecular organization within organisms in such a way that the organisms gain greater independence from, and control over, the environment. Whereas Zuckerkandl emphasizes that aspect of anagenesis which accelerated evolutionary rates, I shall emphasize that aspect which decelerated evolutionary rates in proteins after higher levels of integration of molecular specificities had been achieved.
Electron flow accompanying the ascorbate peroxidase cycle in maize mesophyll chloroplasts and its cooperation with linear electron flow to NADP + and cyclic electron flow in thylakoid membrane energization

Potential roles for cyclic and pseudocyclic electron flow in C4 plants are to provide ATP for the C4 cycle and, under excess light, to down-regulate PS II activity through membrane energization. Intact mesophyll chloroplasts of maize were used to evaluate forms of electron transport including the Mehler peroxidase reaction (linear electron flow to O2, formation of H2O2 which is reduced by ascorbate, and linear flow linked to reduction of oxidized ascorbate). Addition of H2O2 to isolated chloroplasts in the light in the presence of an uncoupler induced Photosystem (PS) II activity, as determined from increases in photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence (qp) and the quantum yield of PS II. H2O2 also induced dissipation of energy by thylakoid membrane energization and non-photochemical fluorescence quenching (qn), which was inhibited by addition of an uncoupler. These effects of H2O2 on qp and qn were inhibited by addition of KCN, an inhibitor of ascorbate peroxidase. The results suggest that H2O2 is reduced via ascorbate, and that the oxidized ascorbate is then reduced by linear electron flow contributing to photochemistry and thylakoid membrane energization. Evidence for function of pseudocyclic electron flow via the Mehler peroxidase reaction was obtained with only oxygen as an electron acceptor, as well as in the presence of oxaloacetate a natural electron acceptor in C4 photosynthesis. KCN decreased qp and PS II yield in the absence and presence of oxaloacetate and, in the former case, it severely reduced q_n. KCN also decreased ΔpH formation across the thylakoid membrane based on its decrease in the light-induced quenching of 9-aminoacridine fluorescence, particularly in the absence of oxaloacetate. Antimycin A, an inhibitor of cyclic electron flow, also diminished ΔpH formation. These results provide evidence for shared energization of thylakoid membranes by the Mehler peroxidase reaction, cyclic electron flow, and linear electron flow linked to the C4 pathway.
Determinants of Intercountry Prison Incarceration Rates and Overcrowding in Latin America and the Caribbean

Research on prison population rates and prison overcrowding has largely been limited to U.S. populations. While these studies offer valuable insight into the broader-level factors affecting rates o...
Neutral Current $\pi^0$ Production in MiniBooNE

This paper describes the analysis used to determine the neutral current $\pi^0$ production in MiniBooNE in bins of momentum. Additionally, a measurement of the relative coherent production of $\pi^0$s is discussed. The coherent production rate is found to be (19.5 $\pm$1.1 (stat) $\pm$2.5 (sys))% of the total exclusive neutral current $\pi^0$ production rate.
DTIC and GM-CSF in the treatment of patients with metastatic melanoma.

e19045 Background: To describe patients with metastatic melanoma being treated with mono-therapy, dacarbazine (DTIC) or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Methods: Using a l...
Technical Note: Characterization of x-ray beam profiles for a fluoroscopic system incorporating copper filtration

Purpose The goal of this study was to investigate x-ray beam profiles at various water depths to characterize the two-dimensional x-ray dose distribution, allowing for off-axis and out-of-field radiation dose estimation for a wide range of x-ray beam spectra commonly encountered in fluoroscopically guided interventional procedures. Methods A Siemens Artis interventional fluoroscope was operated in a service mode to generate a continuous x-ray beam at fixed x-ray beam spectra, defined by their kVp and the thickness of additional copper filtration. A PTW scanning water tank with a diode detector was used to measure the x-ray beam profiles at several depths in water at various fields of view and x-ray beam spectra, both parallel and perpendicular to the anode-cathode axis direction. Results X-ray beam profiles, including out-of-field tails, were characterized for a wide range of beam qualities. The anode heel effect was pronounced even at depth, resulting in large dose variations across the x-ray field; this effect was even more definite at large fields of view, at higher kVps, and in the absence of additional copper filtration. Conclusions This study investigated and characterized 2D radiation dose deposition in water from x-ray beam spectra commonly used by modern fluoroscopes in interventional procedures. This knowledge can be applied to manual dosimetry calculations or can be used to refine the accuracy of automated dose mapping tools or Monte Carlo simulations of the radiation dose to soft tissue within the x-ray field and to tissue adjacent to the primary beam. Additionally, this study illustrates a substantial reduction of the anode heel effect by using moderate amounts of additional copper filtration to harden the x-ray beam spectrum.
Computational identification of extra coding RNAs related to HIV-1 infection

A few studies suggest that many protein coding loci also transcribe extra-coding RNAs (ecRNAs), a distinct class of long non-coding RNAs. These ecRNAs span over and beyond mRNAs originating from the same loci, are much less abundant than mRNAs, and lack polyadenylation. Previously, ecRNAs were found to regulate the transcription of mRNAs from the same loci epigenetically. However, further investigation of ecRNAs is impeded by the lack of accurate ecRNA annotation and quantification. Here, to uncover these mRNA-overlapping ecRNAs, we first depleted polyadenylated RNAs, i.e. mRNAs, from total RNAs and performed deep sequencing analysis of the remaining total RNAs. Next, we devised a computational strategy to identify ecRNA transcribing loci from this unique sequencing data. Our approach uses a combination of features including the ratio of intronic to exonic read counts, the percent read coverage of introns, exons, and flanking regions, and the ratio of flanking to intronic read counts. In this pilot study of HIV-1 infected CD4+ T cells, we observed transcriptional signatures of ecRNAs from 880 (∼11%) of 7,690 expressed coding genes. We expect these custom computational developments will enable a better understanding of the involvement of ecRNAs in regulating host response to HIV infection and in other conditions.
Decoupled phononic-electronic transport in multi-phase n-type half-Heusler nanocomposites enabling efficient high temperature power generation

Abstract Strongly coupled electronic and thermal transport behavior in thermoelectric (TE) materials has limited their figure of merit (zT). Here we provide breakthrough in decoupling TE parameters in n-type (Hf0.6Zr0.4)NiSn0.99Sb0.01 half-Heusler (hH) alloys through multi-scale nanocomposite architecture comprising of tungsten nanoinclusions. The tungsten nanoparticles not only assist electron injection, thereby improving electrical conductivity, but also enhance the Seebeck coefficient through energy filtering effect. The microstructure comprises of disordered phases with varying size of microstructural features, which assists in effective scattering of heat-carrying phonons over diverse mean-free-path ranges. Cumulatively, these effects are shown to result in outstanding thermoelectric performance of zTmax ∼ 1.4 at 773 K and zTavg ∼ 0.93 between 300 and 973 K. Using this material, a TE generator is demonstrated, which exhibits high power density of 13.93 W cm−2 and conversion efficiency of 10.7% under ΔT = 674 K. The fundamental material design principle for TE nanocomposites demonstrated here can be generalized and extended to other TE systems.
Comparative studies among machine learning models for performance estimation and health monitoring of thermal power plants

Abstract Estimating the performance of base load combined cycle power plants and detecting early-stage malfunctions in equipment and processes is a difficult task that depends on complex thermodynamics. Herein, we demonstrate the efficacy of several machine learning methods in by-passing physics-based models to reliably estimate performance and detect anomalies in a representative combined cycle power plant with five years of recorded data. We model the full load power output of the plant by using ambient temperature, atmospheric pressure, relative humidity and exhaust vacuum pressure as input features using linear regression, support vector machines, random forests and artificial neural networks. Our results show that all the models estimate the power output with reasonable R2 accuracy (>92%), while random forests perform the best (~96%) using less than half of the ~10,000 datapoints collected from the field. Finally, we show that unsupervised anomaly detection algorithms such as elliptical envelopes and isolation forests can be potential game changers for non-destructive health monitoring of equipment via identifying obscure sparse synthetic anomalies through investigating merely 1.5% of the dataset. This work presents a data science approach that can take advantage of the subtle interdependencies among the sensor data in power plants and extract useful insights which are unintelligible to humans. The methods presented here help in enabling better control over everyday operations and monitoring and reliable forecasting of hourly energy output.
Application of the generalized contrast-to-noise ratio to assess photoacoustic image quality

The generalized contrast-to-noise ratio (gCNR) is a relatively new image quality metric designed to assess the probability of lesion detectability in ultrasound images. Although gCNR was initially demonstrated with ultrasound images, the metric is theoretically applicable to multiple types of medical images. In this paper, the applicability of gCNR to photoacoustic images is investigated. The gCNR was computed for both simulated and experimental photoacoustic images generated by amplitude-based (i.e., delay-and-sum) and coherence-based (i.e., short-lag spatial coherence) beamformers. These gCNR measurements were compared to three more traditional image quality metrics (i.e., contrast, contrast-to-noise ratio, and signal-to-noise ratio) applied to the same datasets. An increase in qualitative target visibility generally corresponded with increased gCNR. In addition, gCNR magnitude was more directly related to the separability of photoacoustic signals from their background, which degraded with the presence of limited bandwidth artifacts and increased levels of channel noise. At high gCNR values (i.e., 0.95-1), contrast, contrast-to-noise ratio, and signal-to-noise ratio varied by up to 23.7-56.2 dB, 2.0-3.4, and 26.5-7.6×1020, respectively, for simulated, experimental phantom, and in vivo data. Therefore, these traditional metrics can experience large variations when a target is fully detectable, and additional increases in these values would have no impact on photoacoustic target detectability. In addition, gCNR is robust to changes in traditional metrics introduced by applying a minimum threshold to image amplitudes. In tandem with other photoacoustic image quality metrics and with a defined range of 0 to 1, gCNR has promising potential to provide additional insight, particularly when designing new beamformers and image formation techniques and when reporting quantitative performance without an opportunity to qualitatively assess corresponding images (e.g., in text-only abstracts).
The future looks good: a picture from marketing scholars of where we go from here

He said that you areYou are the futureAnd the future looks goodThe future looks good~ The Future Looks Good by OneRepublic ~The Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice is pleased to introduce this...
The effect of surgery on radiation necrosis in irradiated brain metastases: extent of resection and long-term clinical and radiographic outcomes

Radiation therapy is a cornerstone of brain metastasis (BrM) management but carries the risk of radiation necrosis (RN), which can require resection for palliation or diagnosis. We sought to determine the relationship between extent of resection (EOR) of pathologically-confirmed RN and postoperative radiographic and symptomatic outcomes. A single-center retrospective review was performed at an NCI-designated Comprehensive Cancer Center to identify all surgically-resected, previously-irradiated necrotic BrM without admixed recurrent malignancy from 2003 to 2018. Clinical, pathologic and radiographic parameters were collected. Volumetric analysis determined EOR and longitudinally evaluated perilesional T2-FLAIR signal preoperatively, postoperatively, and at 3-, 6-, 12-, and 24-months postoperatively when available. Rates of time to 50% T2-FLAIR reduction was calculated using cumulative incidence in the competing risks setting with last follow-up and death as competing events. The Spearman method was used to calculate correlation coefficients, and continuous variables for T2-FLAIR signal change, including EOR, were compared across groups. Forty-six patients were included. Most underwent prior stereotactic radiosurgery with or without whole-brain irradiation (N = 42, 91%). Twenty-seven operations resulted in gross-total resection (59%; GTR). For the full cohort, T2-FLAIR edema decreased by a mean of 78% by 6 months postoperatively that was durable to last follow-up (p < 0.05). EOR correlated with edema reduction at last follow-up, with significantly greater T2-FLAIR reduction with GTR versus subtotal resection (p < 0.05). Among surviving patients, a significant proportion were able to decrease their steroid use: steroid-dependency decreased from 54% preoperatively to 15% at 12 months postoperatively (p = 0.001). RN resection conferred both durable T2-FLAIR reduction, which correlated with EOR; and reduced steroid dependency.
After 150 Years, Worst Supreme Court Decision Ever Continues to Haunt

In 1857, the Supreme Court rendered a decision in Dred Scott v. Sandford, declaring that it had no jurisdiction to hear Dred Scott's claim to freedom because he was black and, therefore, not a citizen of the United States. This article argues that not only was the decision morally reprehensible, it was also based on an erroneous interpretation of the Constitution.
Regulation of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine by TET2 contributes to Squamous Cell Carcinoma tumorigenesis

ABSTRACT DNA methylation is a key regulatory event controlling a variety of physiological processes and can have dramatic effects on gene transcription. Methylated Cytosine (5mC) can be oxidized by the TET family of enzymes to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC), a key intermediate in the de-methylation cycle, and 5-hmC levels are reduced in malignancies such as AML and melanoma. We constructed a tissue microarray of human cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) tumors and found a global reduction in 5-hmC levels compared to adjacent skin. Using a murine K14-CreER system, we have found that loss of Tet2 promotes carcinogen-induced SCC and cooperates with loss of Tp53 to drive spontaneous SCC tumors in epithelial tissues. Analysis of changes in 5-hmC and gene expression following loss of Tet2 in the epidermis revealed focal alterations in 5-hmC levels and an increase in Hair Follicle Transient Amplifying Cell (HF-TAC) genes along with a reduction in epidermal differentiation genes. These results demonstrate a role for Tet2 in epidermal lineage specification, consistent with reported roles for Tet enzymes in controlling lineage commitment in hematopoietic stem cells and ES cells and establish Tet2 as a bone fide tumor suppressor in SCC.
Connexins: A guide

Fundamentals of Connexin Biology.- The Family of Connexin Genes.- Gap Junction Channel Structure.- The Connexin Channel Pore: Pore-Lining Segments and Residues.- Voltage-Gating Mechanisms of Connexin Channels.- Chemical Gating of Connexin Channels.- Electrical Signaling with Neuronal Gap Junctions.- Permeability of Connexin Channels.- Pharmacology of Connexin Channels.- Biogenesis and Degradation of Gap Junctions.- Gap Junction Morphology and Dynamics in Situ.- Biochemistry of Connexins.- Pannexins or Connexins?.- Connexins in Organ Systems and Processes.- Foreword: Gap Junctions and Emergent Organ Properties.- Connexins in Skin Biology.- Connexins in the Nervous System.- Connexins in the Respiratory Epithelium.- Connexins in Skeletal Biology.- Connexins in Lens Development and Disease.- Connexins in the Mammalian Retina.- Connexins in the Inner Ear.- Connexins in the Heart.- Connexins in the Vasculature.- Connexins and Atherosclerosis.- Connexins in the Female Reproductive System.- Connexins in the Male Reproductive System.- Connexins and Secretion.- Connexins and Carcinogenesis.
Annexin A2 is a target of autoimmune T and B cell responses associated with synovial fibroblast proliferation in patients with antibiotic-refractory Lyme arthritis.

In this study, autoantibody responses to annexin A2 were found in 11–15% of 278 patients with Lyme disease, including in those with erythema migrans (EM), an early sign of the illness, and in those with antibiotic-responsive or antibiotic-refractory Lyme arthritis (LA), a late disease manifestation. In contrast, robust T cell reactivity to annexin A2 peptides was found only in patients with responsive or refractory LA. In LA patients, annexin A2 protein levels, which were higher in the refractory group, correlated with annexin A2 antibody levels in sera and synovial fluid. In addition, in patients with antibiotic-refractory LA who had anti-annexin A2 antibodies, synovial tissue had intense staining for annexin A2 protein, greater synovial fibroblast proliferation and more tissue fibrosis. Thus, a subset of LA patients had T and B cell responses to annexin A2, and in the refractory group, annexin A2 autoantibodies were associated with specific pathologic findings.
On likelihood ratio tests

Likelihood ratio tests are intuitively appealing. Nevertheless, a number of examples are known in which they perform very poorly The present paper discusses a large class of situations in which this is the case, and analyzes just how intuition misleads us; it also presents an alternative approach which in these situations is optimal.
Injection-site lesions in carcasses of cattle receiving injections at branding and at weaning

Crossbred steer and heifer calves (n = 84) were given injections at branding and at weaning (using a completely randomized block design); 225 to 376 d later, pairs of two subprimal cuts from each animal were evaluated for incidence and severity of injection-site lesions. The four products compared were 1) a 2-mL clostridial, 2) a 5-mL clostridial, 3) vitamin AD3, and 4) a long-acting oxytetracycline antibiotic (OTC). Branding-age calves (mean 48.3 d of age) received intramuscular injections of two of the four products, in the semimembranosus (inside round) muscles (one in the left muscle and one in the right); at weaning age (mean 199.3 d of age), calves received injections of the remaining two products in the gluteus medius (top sirloin butt) muscles (one in the left and the other in the right). Injections at branding of 2 mL of clostridial, 5 mL of clostridial, vitamin AD3, and OTC caused injection-site lesions in 72.5, 92.7, 5.3, and 51.2%, respectively, of inside rounds from slaughter cattle. Incidence of injection-site lesions was lowest (P < .05) among inside rounds and top sirloin butts from animals given vitamin AD3 (as calves, and at both branding and weaning times) and was highest (P < .05) in inside rounds from cattle given, as calves, injections of 5 mL of clostridial at branding or of OTC at weaning. Less trimming was required to remove the lesions resulting from injections of all four products when they were given at weaning time. Before completion of the present study, it was thought that injection-site lesions were from damage that subsisted only briefly following an inoculation; these results make it abundantly clear that intramuscular administration of clostridials and certain antibiotics will cause damage so severe that it will be evident in beef muscle 7.5 to 12 mo later.
Planning Past Pensions

Evidence of state and local government dysfunction surfaces in many areas. One is the operation of employee pension plans. Free from the strictures of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (“ERISA”), some state governments failed to adequately fund their pension promises. With the imminent retirement of the baby boom generation, these states are facing what appear to be insurmountable pension debts. Illinois is one of the worst hit states, with grossly underfunded pension plans, a state constitutional prohibition on reducing pension benefits, and a sizable non-pension-related budget deficit. Illinois courts will likely strike down recently passed pension “reforms.” There are no easy solutions to its pension woes, but this Article seeks to lay out a few steps that Illinois and other states can take now, under current law. This Article also suggests more long-term policy and legal changes that Illinois should consider for the future.
Relative Effects of Dietary Oleic- and Linoleic-Rich Oils on Plasma Lipoprotein Composition in Rats

Plasma lipoprotein composition and hepatic lipid content were investigated in male Sprague-Dawley rats (104 +/- 2 g) fed diets containing 12% olive oil [OO, 70% 18:1(n-9)], 12% high oleic safflower oil [SO, 70% 18:(ln-9)] or 12% high linoleic safflower oil [SL, 73% 18:2(n-6)] for periods of up to 10 wk. Fasting plasma triglycerides were significantly higher after feeding oleic-rich diets than after feeding SL for 3, 5 and 6 wk. At 6 wk VLDL triglycerides were two- to threefold higher in rats fed OO or SO than in those fed SL, but by 10 wk both plasma and VLDL triglycerides were similar. A greater proportion of HDL2 (diameter 8.0-12.1 nm), a lower proportion of HDL1 (diameter 12.2-17.0 nm) and lower HDL apo E content occurred in rats fed OO and SO than in those fed SL at both 6 and 10 wk. LDL and HDL protein and cholesterol concentrations were not different with feeding SO or SL. After 10 wk of feeding the experimental diets, rats fed OO had significantly lower HDL protein, cholesterol and apo E concentrations and significantly higher hepatic triglyceride content compared to rats fed SO or SL, P less than 0.05. These data suggest that HDL and hepatic lipid content are determined by some property of the dietary oil other than its oleic acid content.
Gastrointestinal: Fasciolopsis buski infestation diagnosed by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy

A 35-year-old male immigrant from Vietnam to Taiwan 2 years previously presented with two-months of postprandial nausea. There was no body weight loss or other constitutional symptoms. Dietary history included ingestion of uncooked vegetables. Physical examination and complete blood count, including eosionphil count were normal.Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed a 2.5 cm-long, flesh-color, oval-shaped plaque lesion adherent to the medial wall of the second portion of duodenum (Figure 1). This plaque-like lesion was retrieved with polypectomy snare. During removal, the plaque-like lesion showed active twitching movement. Grossly, this lesion measured 3.5 cm long, 2.0 cm wide, and 0.4 cm thick with a ventral sucker, resembling a fluke parasite (Figure 2). Our parasitologist diagnosed this as an adult Fasciolopsis buski. Stool examination did not reveal any F. buski ova. The patient received a single dose of praziquantel (25 mg/kg) and had no recurrence of nausea at 1-year follow-up. Fasciolopsis buski is the largest human intestinal trematode, prevalent in SoutheastAsia. The source of infection is ingestion of encysted metacercariae on fresh water plants. The metacercariae excyst in the duodenum and inhabit the upper small intestinal tract. They mature into adulthood at approximately 3 months with size ranging from 2.5 to 7.5 cm and start to lay eggs. Most infection of F. buski is mild and subclinical. In severe cases, patients may present with abdominal pain, chronic diarrhea, anemia, or systemic allergic reaction. The diagnosis of F. buski infestation is usually supported by the presence of ova in stool. In our case, a parasite in the duodenum may be from an intestinal fluke or liver fluke not yet entering the biliary system. Endoscopic snare-assisted retrieval is an effective method for removal of the intestinal fluke for parasitologic identification.Although the F. buski infection is endemic in Southeast Asia, it may be diagnosed in the rest of the world because of increased immigration, globalization and international travel. Contributed by
The Interaction Effect of Task Experience and New Technology on Cognitive Beliefs

Models predicting technology acceptance (TAM, TTF) rely on task-doers’ cognitive beliefs (along with other beliefs) about the technology and the fit between technology and task to predict technology use. Although these cognitive beliefs are theorized as depending on the interactions of technology, task, and individual characteristics, these interaction effects are understudied. This paper attempts to fill in this blank. We focus on task-doers’ task experience with an old technology and changes in the knowledge necessary to perform the task brought by a new technology; we propose that their interactions will affect task-doers’ cognitive beliefs of the new technology. Indications to theory and practices are suggested.
Conjunctivitis and ulcerative keratitis secondary to conjunctival plant foreign bodies in a herd of alpacas (Lama Pacos)

Purpose To describe six cases of conjunctivitis and ulcerative keratitis secondary to plant foreign bodies from weed-contaminated grass hay which were lodged within the temporal conjunctival fornix in a herd of alpacas. Methods A total of 21 alpacas from the same farm developed blepharospasm and mucopurulent ocular discharge. Six of the 21 were evaluated at the University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine within a 2-week period. The six animals evaluated received an ophthalmic examination including slit-lamp biomicroscopy, fluorescein staining, and topical corneal anesthesia for foreign body removal when necessary. Results Six animals had conjunctivitis characterized by hyperemia and mucopurulent discharge. Five animals had superficial ulcerative keratitis with intense corneal neovascularization and edema. In all cases, the keratitis was located at the temporal limbus. Seven plant foreign bodies were observed and were removed following topical corneal anesthesia in five animals. The plant seeds were identified as three common weed species found in orchard grass hay. Complete resolution of all clinical signs was achieved with foreign body removal and medical therapy. Conclusions Fan-shaped temporal corneal ulcers may signify the presence of conjunctival foreign bodies in alpacas. Plant foreign bodies should be considered in addition to ocular infection when multiple animals of a herd are affected as outbreaks may occur with weed-contaminated hay.
Developing Competencies: Questions and Consequences

(1978). Developing Competencies: Questions and Consequences. Journal of Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 49, No. 9, pp. 52-55.
Infusing Personal Responsibility into the Curriculum and Cocurriculum: Campus Examples.

This chapter highlights good practices and lessons learned for infusing personal responsibility—striving for excellence, cultivating academic integrity, and developing competence in ethical and moral reasoning and action—as outcomes of college.
Colony formation by sublethally heat-injured Zygosaccharomyces rouxii as affected by solutes in the recovery medium and procedure for sterilizing medium.

Recovery and colony formation by healthy and sublethally heat-injured cells of Zygosaccharomyces rouxii as influenced by the procedure for sterilizing recovery media (YM agar [YMA], wort agar, cornmeal agar, and oatmeal agar) were investigated. Media were supplemented with various concentrations of glucose, sucrose, glycerol, or sorbitol and sterilized by autoclaving (110 degrees C, 15 min) and by repeated treatment with steam (100 degrees C). An increase in sensitivity was observed when heat-injured cells were plated on glucose-supplemented YMA at an aw of 0.880 compared with aws of 0.933 and 0.998. Colonies which developed from unheated and heated cells on YMA at aws of 0.998 and 0.933 generally exceeded 0.5 mm in diameter within 3.5 to 4 days of incubation at 25 degrees C, whereas colonies formed on YMA at an aw of 0.880 typically did not exceed 0.5 mm in diameter until after 5.5 to 6.5 days of incubation. The number of colonies exceeding 0.5 mm in diameter which were formed by heat-injured cells on YMA at an aw of 0.880 was 2 to 3 logs less than the total number of colonies detected, i.e., on YMA at an aw of 0.933 and using no limits of exclusion based on colony diameter. A substantial portion of cells which survived heat treatment were sublethally injured as evidenced by increased sensitivity to a suboptimum aw (0.880). In no instance was recovery of Z. rouxii significantly affected by medium sterilization procedure when glucose or sorbitol was used as the aw-suppressing solute.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Induction of Tyrosine-α-Ketoglutarate Transaminase in Fetal Rat Liver

Abstract Decapitation of fetuses in utero rendered rat liver tyrosine transaminase (l-tyrosine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase, EC 2.6.1.5) occasionally inducible by hydrocortisone. By placing fetal rat liver in organ culture, reproducible induction by the steroid could be obtained. Histological and biochemical studies supported the conclusion that the hepatocytes remained healthy over a 3-day period in culture. The response to hormone was very low in fresh explants for the first 12 hours, but thereafter a 4- to 8-fold elevation in enzyme activity was obtained within 4 to 6 hours. The induced level of the transaminase was maintained unless steroid was removed, and then the activity fell rapidly back toward the control level. The optimal effective concentration of hydrocortisone was 10-6 m, but levels as low as 10-8 m produced a limited response. Only the glucocorticoids and the protein hormones insulin and glucagon were active inducers among a number of hormones tested. Cycloheximide and actinomycin D prevented enzyme induction, but hydrocortisone did not affect either general RNA or protein synthesis. Lactic dehydrogenase activity in explants of fetal liver was unaffected by hydrocortisone. Titrations against antibody showed that the tyrosine transaminases in fetal and adult liver are immunologically identical and proved that the increase in enzyme activity in explants exposed to hydrocortisone was due to an increase in enzyme protein. Immunochemical labeling experiments confirmed that synthesis de novo of enzyme protein is stimulated by hydrocortisone. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that the synthesis of this enzyme is repressed during gestation.
Transition operators in acoustic-wave diffraction theory. I - General theory. II - Short-wavelength behavior, dominant singularities of Zk0 and Zk0 exp -1

A formal theory of the scattering of time-harmonic acoustic scalar waves from impenetrable, immobile obstacles is established. The time-independent formal scattering theory of nonrelativistic quantum mechanics, in particular the theory of the complete Green's function and the transition (T) operator, provides the model. The quantum-mechanical approach is modified to allow the treatment of acoustic-wave scattering with imposed boundary conditions of impedance type on the surface (delta-Omega) of an impenetrable obstacle. With k0 as the free-space wavenumber of the signal, a simplified expression is obtained for the k0-dependent T operator for a general case of homogeneous impedance boundary conditions for the acoustic wave on delta-Omega. All the nonelementary operators entering the expression for the T operator are formally simple rational algebraic functions of a certain invertible linear radiation impedance operator which maps any sufficiently well-behaved complex-valued function on delta-Omega into another such function on delta-Omega. In the subsequent study, the short-wavelength and the long-wavelength behavior of the radiation impedance operator and its inverse (the 'radiation admittance' operator) as two-point kernels on a smooth delta-Omega are studied for pairs of points that are close together.
Joint-Use Libraries: The Broward Community College Central Campus Experience

The University/College Library at Broward Community College Central Campus is a joint-use library serving the users of Broward Community College and Florida Atlantic University-Broward. This full service academic library has been in operation since 1994 in a new facility and with a joint governing board that includes all partners. The combination of resources by the partners has provided a workable solution to the problems of providing needed library services and access to materials for the users. There are advantages and disadvantages to such a solution which need to be understood and accepted by the partners as compromise and adjustments are necessary to make the whole a positive working solution.
All human beings start life as babies.

I AM MOST GRATEFUL to the Academy of Pediatrics for bestowing upon me the C. Anderson Aldrich Award. I am particularly happy to accept it because of my many years of warm friendship with Andy Aldrich. At the same time I accept it with real humility, knowing that it honors Dr. Aldrich whose wisdom and skills, and whose warmth of personality, made him one of the most admired and beloved pediatricians of his time. I still believe that the Aldrich9s Babies are Human Beings is one of the wisest books of our century about the nature of babies growing up in our twentieth century culture. I have chosen my title with some care to suggest the projection of Dr. Aldrich9s thinking about babies being human beings. One might think of it as the reverse side of a coin whose obverse bears the words "Babies are Human Beings." One of the most arresting and dramatic statements concerning the importance of thinking in terms of all human beings having started as babies is the following quotation from Erik Erikson9s interesting book entitled Childhood and Society: One may scan work after work on history, society, and morality and find little reference to the fact that all people start as children and all peoples begin in their nurseries. It is human to have a long childhood; it is civilized to have an even longer childhood. Long childhood makes a technical and mental virtuoso out of man, but it also leaves a life-long residue of emotional immaturity in him.
Mechanisms of citrate synthase and related enzymes (triose phosphate isomerase and mandelate racemase)

Abstract Several major adbances have been made during the past year towards an understanding of the catalytic mechanisms of enzymes that catalyze reactions involving carbon-carbon bonds. Three enzymes are seen to have remarkably similar chemistry in the generation of proposed reaction intermediates containing carbon-carbon double bonds. Each enzyme displays unusual acid/base chemistry which was quite unexpected and remains to be understood.
A text-mining system for knowledge discovery from biomedical documents

This paper describes the application of IBM TAKMI® for Biomedical Documents to facilitate knowledge discovery from the very large text databases characteristic of life science and healthcare applications. This set of tools, designated MedTAKMI, is an extension of the TAKMI (Text Analysis and Knowledge MIning) system originally developed for text mining in customer-relationship-management applications. MedTAKMI dynamically and interactively mines a collection of documents to obtain characteristic features within them. By using multifaceted mining of these documents together with biomedically motivated categories for term extraction and a series of drill-down queries, users can obtain knowledge about a specific topic after seeing only a few key documents. In addition, the use of natural language techniques makes it possible to extract deeper relationships among biomedical concepts. The MedTAKMI system is capable of mining the entire MEDLINE® database of 11 million biomedical journal abstracts. It is currently running at a customer site.
A New Look at Barrier-Inlet Morphodynamics

ABSTRACT Davis, R.A., 2013. A New Look at Barrier-Inlet Morphodynamics. Coastal morphodynamics is dependent on the interaction of multiple variables. An earlier publication demonstrated that the comparative influence of waves and tides was the fundamental relationship in coastal morphology. The discussion in this paper adds the important variables of tidal prism, sediment abundance, and sea-level change to the equation. Tidal prism is critical in that it can be the primary factor in morphodynamics if both wave and tidal climate are held constant. Abundant or scarce sediment availability can produce coastal morphology that would not develop otherwise. Because of the extremely slow rate of sea-level change, its impact is less prominent than the other variables and we see less evidence of its influence than the others, except in certain coastal reaches.
Triplet superconductivity and stripes? In (TMTSF)2PF6

Abstract We report on 77 Se NMR studies of (TMTSF)2PF6 with field aligned along the a and b axes. We observe no change in the Knight shift on cooling well into the superconducting state, consistent with an equal spin paired triplet state. Nuclear spin lattice relaxation measurements show an increase just below Tc which we associate with a Hebel–Slichter (HS) peak and suggest P wave pairing that is nodeless. An additional study of the critical field as a function of pressure shows a strong enhancement as pressure is reduced toward the critical pressure, Pc, for spin density wave formation. We find that the superconducting Tc is not reduced as the SDW phase is entered. However, Hc2 is increased and there is a strong upward curvature of Hc2 along all axes as pressure is decreased toward Pc. We suggest that near Pc, there is a coexistence region consisting of stripes (slabs) of commingled SDW and superconducting regions and that the application of a magnetic field further finely divides the superconductor.
EFFECTS OF STILBESTROL ON WEIGHT AND ASCORBIC ACID LEVEL OF GUINEA PIG ADRENALS

During the course of a study of the histogenesis of the estrogeninduced tumors of guinea pigs (Nadel, 1949), the influence of ascorbic acid upon the development of this type of tumor was investigated. An unexpected finding, compatible with acute scurvy (Meyer and McCormick, 1928), developed when stilbestrol pellets were implanted into guinea pigs kept on a diet partially deficient in ascorbic acid. A study of the possible interrelationship between ascorbic acid and stilbestrol metabolism was undertaken. This paper deals with effects of stilbestrol implants on adrenal ascorbic acid concentration and adrenal weights of female guinea pigs maintained at different levels of ascorbic acid deficiency. Stock virgin female guinea pigs raised at the National Institutes of Health Breeding Farm were used in all the experiments. A stock diet of commercial Purina rabbit chow and fresh cabbage was supplemented with carrots once a week. Animals were transferred from this stock diet to the scorbutogenic diet described below.
Dialectical Behavior Therapy in College Counseling Centers: Current Literature and Implications for Practice

This article examines the topic of Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) applied in college counseling centers. Trends in mental health issues on college campuses are briefly reviewed in support of the increased need for evidence-based treatment of severe mental health issues. The article next presents an overview of the standard DBT model and reviews research regarding DBT in college counseling centers, focusing on clinical outcomes and adaptations made for the college counseling setting. Finally, there is a discussion of implications for practice, barriers to implementation and outcome measurement, and areas for future research.