cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Organometallic compounds containing new Hf–Ga and Hf–In bonds: Cp2Hf(ER)2 (Cp = C5H5; E = Ga, In; R = –C6H3-2,6-(2,4,6-i-Pr3C6H2)2)

Sodium metal reduction of RECl2 (E = Ga, In; R = –C6H3-2,6-(2,4,6-i-Pr3C6H2)2) with Cp2HfCl2 gives Cp2Hf(ER)2 compounds, which represent the first Hf–E bonds.
Neonatal meningococcal meningitis: report of a case presenting in the nursery.

A neonatal infant with meningitis due to Neisseria meningiddis is described. Despite an initial 14 days' cover of intravenous penicillin, 100,000 U/kg/day, it appeared that infection recurred when penicillin was stopped.
Broadband Light Bending with Plasmonic Nanoantennas

The precise manipulation of a propagating wave using phase control is a fundamental building block of optical systems. The wavefront of a light beam propagating across an interface can be modified arbitrarily by introducing abrupt phase changes. We experimentally demonstrated unparalleled wavefront control in a broadband optical wavelength range from 1.0 to 1.9 micrometers. This is accomplished by using an extremely thin plasmonic layer (~λ/50) consisting of an optical nanoantenna array that provides subwavelength phase manipulation on light propagating across the interface. Anomalous light-bending phenomena, including negative angles of refraction and reflection, are observed in the operational wavelength range.
An atypical presentation of the Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome.

Abstract We present an unusual case of the FitzHugh-Curtis syndrome as manifested in a young woman with right upper quadrant pain. The presentation was atypical and misleading because of the presence of a colonic ileus and the lack of salpingitis by pelvic exam. Diagnosis was made by exclusion of other abdominal disease processes, the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis antibody from a cervical specimen, and a dramatic response to appropriate antibiotic therapy.
Mining e-Reserves Data for Collection Assessment: An Analysis of How Instructors Use Library Collections to Support Distance Learners

With both budget dollars and buying power shrinking for academic library collections, the selection of materials is a series of crucial choices. With increases in numbers of online programs, how can we determine if what we are buying is in fact what our users need? E-reserves are an increasingly popular way to provide digital copies of course readings via an online interface. This paper reports on an analysis of items placed on e-reserve at two large, publicly-supported institutions in Michigan. An inventory of these items reveals: what types of academic materials are being used; what percentage are from the libraries’ electronic or print collections or from non-library sources; and whether periodical articles placed on e-reserve are from scholarly publications. The results of this analysis will provide useful insight into collection assessment, as well as the nature of materials being used by teaching faculty in support of distance learners.
City CarShare: First-Year Travel Demand Impacts

Nine months into the introduction of car sharing in San Francisco, California, an estimated 7% of members' trips and more than 20% of vehicle miles traveled were by shared-use vehicles. Evidence suggests that access to shared cars is stimulating motorized travel. Most members do not own cars, and many appear to be leasing vehicles in lieu of walking and biking. Car-share vehicles are used more for personal business and social-recreational travel than for nondiscretionary, routine travel such as to work or school. Shared cars are generally not used during peak periods or to dense settings well served by transit, such as downtown. In this sense, car sharing appears to be stimulating a resourceful form of judicious automobility. Users are accruing substantial travel-time savings and willingly pay market prices for these benefits.
Scenario reduction for stochastic unit commitment with wind penetration

Uncertainties in the day-ahead forecasts for load and wind energy availability are considered in a reliability unit commitment problem. A two-stage stochastic program is formulated to minimize total expected cost, where commitments of thermal units are viewed as first-stage decisions and dispatch is relegated to the second stage. Scenario paths of hourly loads are generated according to a weather forecast-based load model. Wind energy scenarios are obtained by identifying analogue historical days. Net load scenarios are then created by crossing scenarios from each set and subtracting wind energy from load. A new heuristic scenario reduction method termed forward selection in recourse clusters (FSRC) is customized to alleviate the computational burden. Results of applying FSRC are compared with those of a classical scenario reduction method, fast forward selection (FFS) by evaluating the expected dispatch costs when the commitment decisions derived from each subset of scenarios are applied to the whole scenario set. In an instance down-sampled from data of an Independent System Operator in the U.S., the expected dispatch costs for both scenario reduction methods are similar, but FSRC improves reliability.
A novel use of the implantable ventricular assist device for isolated right heart failure

Isolated right heart failure after cardiac surgery is uncommon and the prognosis remains poor. Additionally, managements for these patients are difficult. Profound postcardiotomy right heart failure developed in a 45-year-old woman after aortic root replacement for critical aortic stenosis with small aortic root. Although maximum medical therapy, intraaortic balloon counterpulsation and extracorporeal membrane oxygenator were attempted, severe right heart failure remained. Finally, an implantable right ventricular assist device (RVAD) was utilized because an immediate myocardial recovery was unlikely. The patient was discharged from the hospital at 17 days after the RVAD implantation. After 79 days of support, right ventricular function had recovered, the fully rehabilitated patient was successfully weaned from the RVAD, and the RVAD was explanted. The patient has no recurrence of heart failure 668 days after RVAD explantation.
Molecular structures of the constituents of pyrene pitches

Abstract The main dimeric species present in pyrene pitches produced via both catalytic (with AlCl 3 ) and thermal polymerization of pure pyrene have been identified. Characterization of these species was performed by first isolating dimer-rich pitch fractions either by semi-continuous supercritical extraction (SCE) with N-methyl pyrrolidine–toluene mixtures or by solvent extraction with dichloromethane. These fractions were then separated into their individual species via reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Molecular weight and structure information of the eluted species was obtained by a combination of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI) and UV–vis spectroscopy. By following this strategy, two alternant (i.e., six-membered ring) pyrene dimer isomers, dinaphtho[2,1,8,7- defg :2′,1′,8′,7′- opqr ]pentacene and dinaphtho[2,1,8,7- defg :2′,1′,8′,7′- ijkl ]pentaphene, were found in both the catalytically and thermally produced pitches. Non-alternant (i.e., containing a connecting five-membered ring) pyrene dimer isomers (cyclopenta[1,2,3- cd :4,5- e ′]dipyrene and cyclopenta[1,2- a :3,4,5- c ′ d ′]dipyrene) were also found in both pitches. Interestingly, small amounts of methylated monomeric and oligomeric species (e.g., methyl and dimethyl pyrene; methyl and dimethyl pyrene dimer, etc.) were detected in the catalytically produced pitch, but were completely absent in both the starting monomer and in the thermally produced pitch. These results indicate that the main difference between the two polymerization methods are the AlCl 3 -induced methylation reactions that occur simultaneously to dehydrogenative condensation reactions.
Stress-induced changes in serum testosterone, estradiol-17β and progesterone in the turtle, Chelydra serpentina

Abstract 1. 1. Adult male and female common snapping turtles, Chelydra serpentina were obtained during June, July and August and, starting immediately after capture, blood samples were drawn at timed intervals of 0, 6, 24, 48, 72 and 168 hr. 2. 2. Captivity induced significant changes in serum concentrations of testosterone (T) in males and estradiol-17β (E 2 ) and progesterone (P) in females. 3. 3. Males exhibited an initial rise in plasma T which was followed 24–48 hr later by a decline to levels significantly below the initial values. The month of capture influenced both the degree and pattern of the response. 4. 4. Females showed an initial rapid and significant rise in serum E 2 and P concentrations which returned to initial levels within 7 days. The level and pattern of response varied between gravid and non-gravid females.
Effects of Chronic Social Stress on Obesity

The prevalence of overweight and obesity has markedly increased during the past few decades. Stress has been suggested as one environmental factor that may contribute to the development of obesity. In this review, we discuss the role that exposure to chronic stress may play in the development of obesity, with particular attention to the effects of chronic psychosocial stress. Of particular importance is the effect that social stress has on dietary preference, food consumption, and regional distribution of adipose tissue. We present evidence from human and animal studies that links sympathetic nervous system and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis hyperactivity with visceral obesity, and that stress tends to alter the pattern of food consumption, and promotes craving of nutrient-dense “comfort foods.” Lastly, we discuss the visible burrow system, a model of chronic social stress used in our laboratory to assess the effects of social subordination on behavioral and metabolic profile.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE HABIT, MORPHOLOGY AND ULTRASTRUCTURE OF CEPHALEUROS PARASITICUS (CHLOROPHYTA) AND A COMPARISON WITH C. VIRESCENS1

Cephaleuros parasiticus Karsten, an endophyte of Magnolia grandiflora L. has been examined with light, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The discoid thalli are composed of filaments which ramify throughout the leaf tissues beneath the epidermis. Algal filaments do not penetrate host cells, but do produce black leaf spots which have been mistaken for those caused by the fungus Glomerella cingulate (Ston.) Spauld. and Schrenk. Two distinct thallus types occur, often simultaneously on a single leaf. One bears clusters of zoosporangiate branches which seasonally emerge through the ventral (and rarely, dorsal) surface of the leaf. In contrast, the other thallus type bears gametangia which break through the dorsal leaf surface. Zoosporangia and gametangia have never been found on the same thallus. The zoosporangia are smaller than, but almost identical in shape to, those of C. virescens Kunze. Simple plasmodesmata are present in crosswalls and acetolysis indicates that little or no sporopollenin is present in the cell walls. The ultrastructure of biflagellate gametes and quadriflagellate zoospores is virtually indistinguishable from that reported for C. virescens and similar to that reported for Phycopeltis and Trentepohlia. In both gametes and zoospores there are keeled flagella, overlapping and parallel basal bodies, two 3-layered multilayered structures with microtubular splines, and two medial compound microtubular roots. Pyrenoids, eyespots, flagellar and body scales, striated roots (or rhizoplasts), and distal bands are absent. Two presumptive mating structures are present in each biflagellate gamete, and flagellar collars occur in both types of motile cells. The extreme similarity in motile cell ultrastructure revealed in this interspecific comparison parallels that similarity revealed in intergeneric comparisons.
Nightmare and Utopia: Extraterrestrial Worlds From Galileo To Goethe

Present-day speculation on extraterrestrial intelligence, taking its cue from a number of programmes currently "listening" for electro-magnetic signals from space, have a prehistory dating back to the immediate aftermath of the Copernican Revolution. Throughout the centuries of the Early Modern Period, it was not only theological but also more or less secular philosophical concerns that informed the hopes and the fears that writers of all stripes associated with the tentative notion that "We are not alone." It was not until the "Romantic" period, around 1800, that a reaction set in: as Goethe put it, there is also a universe within us-one worthier of our attention than the cosmos.
An Evaluation of the Group Interview

In a study of labor-management relations in the garment industry in a Midwestern community, the group interview was found to be a valuable supplement to the individual interview. Many field research interviews constitute a private conference between the interviewer and an informant, and, under favorable conditions, this kind of interview yields a fairly complete picture of interpersonal events as the informant perceives them, as well as of his beliefs and attitudes. However, while listening to these reports in this "atmosphere of the confessional," one wonders whether the stories would differ if they were told in the presence of the informant's fellows—would he express the same ideas and feelings, or would they remain unspoken and, therefore, have little influence on the behavior of others? It is obvious that a worker would not participate voluntarily in a group where views radically different from his own were expressed frequently, for members of an informal group generally have certain broad areas of ag...
Intravenous regional anesthesia with clonidine in the management of complex regional pain syndrome of the knee.

Abstract Study Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of administering intravenous regional anesthesia (IVRA) with clonidine in the management of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) of the knee. Design: Prospective, non-blinded study. Setting: University-affiliated pain management center. Patients: 7 patients with the diagnosis of CRPS of the knee. The diagnosis of CRPS was made if a) patients had at least four of these symptoms: allodynia, hyperesthesia, edema, vasomotor changes, pain with a burning quality, sudomotor changes, joint stiffness, or temperature differences between extremities; b) patients had significant pain relief (>75%) after a lumbar sympathetic block. Interventions: Each patient received IVRA with a solution containing clonidine 1 μg/kg in a total volume of 50 mL 0.5% lidocaine. IVRA clonidine (IVRA-C) was performed on each patient up to six times (maximum of once a week for six weeks). Measurements:Pain was assessed using a verbal pain scale (VPS) between 0 and 10 before each IVRA-C treatment. Duration of pain relief was defined as the time during which the patients experienced no pain (VPS = 0). Continuous electrocardiogram (ECG) and pulse oximetry (SpO 2 ) were monitored and blood pressure was recorded every 5 minutes for the first 60 minutes after tourniquet deflation. Main Results: Five patients received complete pain relief with 4 to 6 IVRA-C blocks. The two remaining patients reached a therapeutic plateau from IVRA-C, but had persistent anatomic lesions contributing to the recurrence of their CRPS. No patient experienced hypotension (mean arterial pressure ≤ 20% baseline), hypoxemia (SpO 2 ≤ 90%), bradycardia (heart rate ≤H 60 beats/min), or excessive sedation. Conclusions: IVRA-C is a useful treatment modality in the management of CRPS of the knee. Clonidine doses of 1 μg/kg appear to be well tolerated without significant side effects.
TEM characterization of structural changes in graphite plates due to pulsed CO2 laser irradiation

Preparation de graphite polycristallin et irradiation par un laser CO 2 sous vide. Observation des echantillons par diffraction RX et plusieurs methodes de microscopie electronique. Ces deux types d'echantillons correspondent au materiau preleve dans le cratere d'irradiation ou au materiau de depart, dont le cratere est rempli d'une pâte de graphite et d'epoxy. Les grains observes dans le premier cas seraient du lonsdaleite
Decision making in hiring: Intercollegiate athletics coaches and staff

How do sport management and higher education scholars discuss access discrimination and the underrepresentation of racial minorities in athletic administration and head coaching positions in college sport?
Resting hand tremor in abstinent cocaine-dependent, alcohol-dependent, and polydrug-dependent patients

Laboratory studies of cocaine-exposed rodents, and positron emission tomographic studies of human cocaine abusers have suggested that chronic cocaine abuse downregulates dopaminergic function in the basal ganglia. The present study sought to provide behavioral evidence for this phenomenon by demonstrating enhanced levels of resting hand tremor among patients with previous histories of cocaine dependence. To determine the specificity of the phenomenon, patients with previous histories of alcohol dependence, cocaine/alcohol codependence, and cocaine/opiate codependence were also evaluated. Patients were assigned to one of four groups according to DSM-IIIR diagnostic criteria : (1) cocaine dependent (n = 19) ; (2) cocaine and alcohol dependent (n = 12) ; (3) cocaine and opiate dependent (n = 7) ; (4) alcohol dependent (n = 9). All were abstinent from their primary drug of abuse for a period of 1 to 5 months. The three patient groups with histories of cocaine dependence exhibited significantly more resting hand tremor than the alcohol-dependent and normal control groups. Furthermore, hand tremor in the former three groups was positively related to the number of self-reported uses of cocaine and negatively related to the number of months of cocaine abstinence.
Heterogeneous molecular catalysis: Oxymoron or reality?

It has become common to call a molecular catalyst a single site catalyst. The intent is to stress that all sites of a molecular catalyst are identical in activity and selectivity. In this essay, three cases are examined. In each one the evidence is very strong that heterogeneous catalysts can be considered to be molecular catalysts. The first case is the cracking of alkanes on H-ZSM-5. The second is the oxidation of carbon monoxide on palladium. The third is ammonia synthesis on KMI, a multipromoted iron based commercial catalyst.
Identification of a Ligand-induced Transient Refractory Period in Nuclear Factor-κB Signaling

In response to a variety of extracellular ligands, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling regulates inflammation, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. It is likely that cells are not continuously exposed to stimulating ligands in vivo but rather experience transient pulses. To study the temporal regulation of NF-κB and its major regulator, inhibitor of NF-κBα (IκBα), in real time, we utilized a novel transcriptionally coupled IκBα-firefly luciferase fusion reporter and characterized the dynamics and responsiveness of IκBα processing upon a short 30-s pulse of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) or a continuous challenge of TNFα following a 30-s preconditioning pulse. Strikingly, a 30-s pulse of TNFα robustly activated inhibitor of NF-κB kinase (IKK), leading to IκBα degradation, NF-κB nuclear translocation, and strong transcriptional up-regulation of IκBα. Furthermore, we identified a transient refractory period (lasting up to 120 min) following preconditioning, during which the cells were not able to fully degrade IκBα upon a second TNFα challenge. Kinase assays of IKK activity revealed that regulation of IKK activity correlated in part with this transient refractory period. In contrast, experiments involving sequential exposure to TNFα and interleukin-1β indicated that receptor dynamics could not explain this phenomenon. Utilizing a well accepted computational model of NF-κB dynamics, we further identified an additional layer of regulation, downstream of IKK, that may govern the temporal capacity of cells to respond to a second proinflammatory insult. Overall, the data suggested that nuclear export of NF-κB·IκBα complexes represented another rate-limiting step that may impact this refractory period, thereby providing an additional regulatory mechanism.
Does proximity to retailers influence alcohol and tobacco use among Latino adolescents

Despite decades of research surrounding determinants of alcohol and tobacco (A&T) use among adolescents, built environment influences have only recently been explored. This study used ordinal regression on 205 Latino adolescents to explore the influence of the built environment (proximity to A&T retailers) on A&T use, while controlling for recognized social predictors. The sample was 45% foreign-born. A&T use was associated with distance from respondents’ home to the nearest A&T retailer (−), acculturation (+), parents’ consistent use of contingency management (−), peer use of A&T (+), skipping school (+), attending school in immediate proximity to the US/Mexico border (+), and the interaction between the distance to the nearest retailer and parents’ consistent use of contingency management (+). The association between decreasing distance to the nearest A&T retailer and increased A&T use in Latino adolescents reveals an additional risk behavior determinant in the US–Mexico border region.
Transient heat conduction in rolling/sliding components by a dual reciprocity boundary element method

Abstract A transfer matrix method associated with the dual reciprocity boundary element method (DRBEM) is developed for the study of transient heat conduction problems in presence of moving heat sources. In this method, the time integration is processed by an iteration transfer matrix method, the coefficient matrices are calculated only once, and no domain integration is required. It is shown that the application of DRBEM results in considerable savings in computation time and data preparation. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the method by comparing the computed results with either published results or solutions using the finite element method. While only two-dimensional problems are presented in the paper, the method can be readily extended to three-dimensional problems to handle more complicated contact problems.
Approximation of a Martensitic Laminate with Varying Volume Fractions

We give results for the approximation of a laminate with varying volume fractions for multi-well energy minimization problems modeling martensitic crystals that can undergo either an orthorhombic to monoclinic or a cubic to tetragonal transformation. We construct energy minimizing sequences of deformations which satisfy the corresponding boundary condition, and we establish a series of error bounds in terms of the elastic energy for the approximation of the limiting macroscopic deformation and the simply laminated microstructure. Finally, we give results for the corresponding nite element approximation of the laminate with varying volume fractions. R esum e. Nous consid erons des probl emes de minimisation d' energie avec de multiples puits de po- tentiel. De tels probl emes mod elisent, pour des cristaux martensitiques, des transitions de phase d'un r eseau orthorhombique a monoclinique, ou d'un r eseau cubique a t etragonal, par exemple. Des r esultats d'approximation des structures laminaires correspondantes, avec fractions volumiques variables, sont donn es. Des suites minimisantes, avec d eformations compatibles avec les conditions au bord, sont construites et permettent l'obtention de plusieurs estimations d'erreur concernant l'approxi- mation de la d eformation macroscopique limite en fonction de l' energie elastique. Finalement, nous d ecrivons des r esultats concernant l'approximation par el ements nis de la structure laminaire avec fractions volumiques variables.
Evaluating a decision support forecasting system

Abstract In this article, the factors are addressed which should be considered in evaluating the suitability of an important element in most decision support systems—the subsystem that forecasts future system states. Techniques available to managers are briefly overviewed, and specific criteria that should be considered when selecting these techniques are examined. Factors to consider in either using an outside software package or developing an in-house DSS forecasting subsystem also are reviewed. The guidelines presented in this article can be applied to the evaluation of candidate DSS forecast capabilities and to improvements or revisions of existing ones as well.
Effect of the urea-urease system and the carbonate ion on the activities of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes

Abstract The inhibitory effect of urea on human and rabbit muscle M 4 -lactate dehydrogenase ( l -lactate:NAD + oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.27) is markedly increased in the presence of urease. Evidence is presented suggesting that the action is due to the formation of CO 3 2− which under certain conditions may be shown to be a powerful inhibitor of the M 4 enzyme. NAD + protects the enzyme against both inhibitory systems. The H 4 enzyme, however, is relatively insensitive to both the urea-urease system and to CO 3 2− .
Venous thromboembolism after major urologic oncology surgery: a focus on the incidence and timing of thromboembolic events after 27,455 operations.

Objective To investigate the incidence and timing of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and identify risk factors for venous thromboembolism among patients undergoing major surgery for urologic malignancies. VTE events are stratified by occurrence in the inpatient vs outpatient settings. Materials and Methods The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was queried using Current Procedural Terminology and International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes to identify patients undergoing major surgery for urologic malignancies between 2005 and 2012. The incidence of overall 30-day VTE, postdischarge VTE, and post-VTE death was calculated for each surgical procedure. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for VTE, adjusting for covariates including age, race, gender, smoking status, medical comorbidities, performance of pelvic lymph node dissection, and operative time. Results The study identified 27,455 patients who underwent an operation for malignancy—radical nephrectomy, partial nephrectomy, nephroureterectomy, radical prostatectomy, or radical cystectomy. The incidence and timing of VTE varied substantially across the procedures of interest. Overall, VTE occurred after radical cystectomy in 113 of 2065 of patients (5.5%), whereas only 19 of 2624 (0.7%) and 12 of 1690, respectively, of patients undergoing minimally invasive radical or partial nephrectomy procedures suffered a VTE event within 30-days of surgery. Among patients suffering a VTE after radical prostatectomy, 147 of 178 of venous thromboembolic events (82.6%) occurred after hospital discharge. Conclusion This study demonstrates the significant burden of VTE beyond the time of hospital discharge. Identification of high-risk patients should prompt consideration of extended-duration VTE prophylaxis in the outpatient setting.
Dynamic model for automotive side impact crashes

A rigid body model to represent a side impact crash is constructed using five degrees-of-freedom (dof) for the vehicle and three dof for each occupant in the vehicle. Nonlinear stiffness and damping elements and the presence of physical gaps between several components make the model highly nonlinear. The model is validated using experimental crash test data from a National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) database. To simplify the parameter identification process and reduce the number of parameters to be identified at each stage, a two-step process is adopted in which the vehicle is first assumed to be unaffected by the presence of the occupants, and its model parameters are identified. Subsequently, the parameters in the occupant models are identified.The active set method with a performance index that includes both the L2 and L∞ norms is used for parameter identification. A challenge is posed by the fact that the optimisation problem involved is non-convex. To overcome this challenge, a lar...
Implementation of evidence-based practices for children in four countries: a project of the World Psychiatric Association

OBJETIVE: The present study examined implementation issues in adopting cognitive-behavioral therapies in routine clinical settings in four countries reflecting diverse cultures, languages, settings, and traditions. METHOD: A Director's Systems Survey was administered prior to program implementation and one year later. Therapist ratings on attitudes about evidence-based practices and satisfaction were also gathered. RESULTS: All sites reported successful adoption of the program, although significant variations existed in fiscal support, family involvement, prior experience with cognitive-behavioral therapies, and plans for sustainability. Therapists' ratings indicated overall satisfaction with the implementation of the project. Findings from the Director's Systems Survey pointed to five factors facilitating implementation: 1) early adoption and guidance by innovative leaders (i.e., the Directors); 2) attention to the "fit" between the intervention model and local practices; 3) attention to front-end implementation processes (e.g., cultural adaptation, translation, training, fiscal issues); 4) attention to back-end processes early in the project (e.g., sustainability); and 5) establishing strong relationships with multiple stakeholders within the program setting. CONCLUSIONS: The implementation issues here mirror those identified in other studies of evidence-based practices uptake. Some of the obstacles to implementation of evidence-based practices may be generic, whereas issues such as the impact of political/economic instability, availability of translated materials, constitute unique stressors that differentially affect implementation efforts within specific countries.
Comparing the Behaviors and Social Environments of Offending and Non-Offending African-American Adolescents

Abstract Examined in the study were the behaviors and social environments of 106 (13 through 17 years old) African-American adolescent males in juvenile detention compared with 106 not in juvenile detention using age as the matching criterion. A modified version of the Children's Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism (C-SAGA) was used as the interview scale. Chi-square analyses showed significant differences in the relative proportion of adolescents in detention and those not in detention with respect to alcohol abuse and conduct disorder. Logistic regression analysis showed the following to increase the likelihood of being in detention: (1) drinking alcohol and getting into fights; (2) being suspended from school; (3) being expelled from school; (4) breaking into property; (5) being held back in school. On the other hand, mother's time spent with the child was found to decrease the likelihood of adolescents serving juvenile detention.
Regulation of glycolytic enzyme phosphoglycerate mutase-1 by Sirt1 protein-mediated deacetylation.

Emerging proteomic evidence suggests that acetylation of metabolic enzymes is a prevalent post-translational modification. In a few recent reports, acetylation down-regulated activity of specific enzymes in fatty acid oxidation, urea cycle, electron transport, and anti-oxidant pathways. Here, we reveal that the glycolytic enzyme phosphoglycerate mutase-1 (PGAM1) is negatively regulated by Sirt1, a member of the NAD+-dependent protein deacetylases. Acetylated PGAM1 displays enhanced activity, although Sirt1-mediated deacetylation reduces activity. Acetylation sites mapped to the C-terminal “cap,” a region previously known to affect catalytic efficiency. Overexpression of a constitutively active variant (acetylated mimic) of PGAM1 stimulated flux through glycolysis. Under glucose restriction, Sirt1 levels dramatically increased, leading to PGAM1 deacetylation and attenuated activity. Previously, Sirt1 has been implicated in the adaptation from glucose to fat burning. This study (i) demonstrates that protein acetylation can stimulate metabolic enzymes, (ii) provides biochemical evidence that glycolysis is modulated by reversible acetylation, and (iii) demonstrates that PGAM1 deacetylation and activity are directly controlled by Sirt1.
Evaluation of ventricular septal defect repair using intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography: frequency and significance of residual defects in infants and children.

Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (IOTEE) is commonly used to assess for residual defect and the need to return to bypass after repair of ventricular septal defect (VSD). The frequency and significance of residual septal defects as noted on IOTEE has not been well defined. We evaluated the frequency of residual VSD via IOTEE and the relationship between size of a residual VSD and rate of reoperation. In addition, we looked at the relationship between the presence of a residual VSD via IOTEE and the presence of residual VSD at follow-up transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). Residual VSD was measured via the largest width of the Doppler color jet diameter originating at the left ventricular septal surface. Of the 294 patients evaluated with IOTEE after VSD repair, one-third had a residual defect by IOTEE Doppler color flow mapping. Two-thirds of these defects closed spontaneously on TTE by the time of hospital discharge. There was no difference in frequency of residual VSD between simple (VSD closure alone, n = 90) and complex (VSD with associated lesions, n = 204) repair. Return to bypass with immediate reoperation was undertaken in nine patients, all of whom had significant shunt via oximetry (Qp/Qs > 1.5:1.0). All had residual VSD color jet diameters > 3 mm. Seven patients had residual color jet equal to 3 mm; however, hemodynamic studies did not reveal a significant shunt and none of these had reoperation. Seven patients with no VSD or or = 4 mm predicts the need for immediate reoperation, while a 3 mm defect may be significant and requires additional intraoperative hemodynamic evaluation. The majority of small defects noted on IOTEE are not present at discharge TTE. Patients with conotruncal defect repair should be followed closely for development of late significant "intramural" defects.
Low-gravity environment of the Mir Space Station

Abstract The NASA Lewis Research Center's Space Acceleration Measurement System is being used to record the low-gravity environment of the Mir Space Station. Approximately 220 hours of non-continuous data were collected between October 1994 and November 1995 in the Kristall and Kvant-1 modules. Acceleration data were collected on Mir during the STS-74 docking. Two data analysis techniques are introduced and the results of extensive data analyses are summarized. Transient and oscillatory accelerations recorded on Mir are generally produced by vehicle subsystem operations, experiment operations, and crew activity. In looking at oscillatory disturbances in the acceleration spectrum from about 0.01 Hz to 250 Hz, we see that crew exercise (1 to 4 Hz with broadband excitation from 10 to 40 Hz) and structural modes (0.3 to 2 Hz) contribute the most energy below 5 Hz. From 10 Hz to 100 Hz, vehicle subsystems (water pump at 24 Hz and harmonics, air circulation system at 51 Hz) and several significant unknowns, particularly in the 40 to 90 Hz range, are the principal sources of disturbance. Above 100 Hz, strong contributors lie at 102 Hz (air circulation system harmonic), 120 Hz (water pump harmonic), and 140 Hz (unknown). Gyrodyne operation can be seen at about 166.7 Hz (10,000 rpm). The microgravity environment of Mir is similar to the NASA Space Shuttle Orbiters except that the Mir structural modes are at lower frequencies and there appear to be more subsystem vibration sources on the larger, more complex Mir structure.
Tandem GC/MS: A useful tool for studying end‐capping reactions of oligo(styryl)lithium anions

Anionic living polymerization methods, using organometallic initiators such as butyllithium reagents, have proven useful for, inter alia, styrene polymerization and are amenable to subsequent functionalization of poly(styryl)lithium in the termination step. In this study, general methods for the selective preparation of small styrene oligomers and termination of the intermediate oligo(styryl)lithium anions were investigated. The crude reaction mixtures were analyzed directly by tandem gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Of the carbon- and silicon-based electrophiles tested, chloro(chloroalkyl)silanes, Cl-SiR2(CH2)nCl in particular, were shown by GC/MS to be regioselective end-capping reagents, thus allowing subsequent transformation to the primary amine. The combined GC/MS data allow not only an estimate of the degree of functionalization, but also the identification of by-products, thus providing insight into the end-capping process that otherwise might be difficult to access. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The effect of adsorbed polymers on the ESA potential of aqueous silica dispersions

Abstract Electrokinetic sonic amplitude (ESA) potentials are measured for silica dispersions in the presence and absence of adsorbed polyethylene oxide polymer layers and found to decrease with the polymer molar mass. Potentiometric titrations show that the polymer adsorption causes no change in surface potential, so that the decrease in ESA potential may be interpreted in terms of an outward shift in the electrokinetic plane of shear.
The Region of the HSV-1 Latency-Associated Transcript Required for Epinephrine-Induced Reactivation in the Rabbit Does Not Include the 2.0-kb Intron

Previous studies have localized the region of the latency-associated transcript (LAT) of HSV-1 responsible for epinephrine-induced reactivation in the rabbit eye model to the first 1.5 kb of the primary transcript. This region extends from the 5prime prime or minute exon of the primary LAT transcript through the 5prime prime or minute half of the LAT 2.0-kb intron. To determine whether the 5prime prime or minute end of the LAT intron contributes to the induced reactivation phenotype, three recombinant viruses containing deletions within this portion of the LAT intron were constructed. The three recombinants, containing deletions spanning a combined region of 969 bp at the 5prime prime or minute end of the LAT intron, reactivated with the wild-type frequency of 17syn+. These results indicate that the elements governing induced reactivation reside within the first 699 bp of the primary LAT transcript encoding the 5prime prime or minute LAT exon.
Mating in bighorn sheep: multiple creative male strategies

Rocky Mountain bighorn rams obtained copulations by defending single estrous ewes (tending), fighting tending rams for temporary access to defended ewes (coursing), or moving and holding ewes away from other rams beyond the periphery of a traditional tending area (blocking). Coursing and blocking illustrate a feature of many male alternative mating strategies: the ability of males regularly to create mating opportunities.
Pre-assessment and peer tutoring as measures to improve performance in gateway general chemistry classes

Determining student readiness for gateway chemistry courses and providing underprepared students effective remediation are important as student bodies are growing increasingly diverse in their pre-college preparation. The effectiveness of the ACT Mathematics Test and the Whimbey Analytical Skills Inventory (WASI) in predicting student success in first semester general chemistry at Murray State University was analysed in conjunction with a pilot remediation program focusing on problem solving skills. The WASI assessment was as effective as the ACT Mathematics Test in predicting student success and has the advantages of being a shorter, more readily available assessment that can be given at any time; however the PLA program was not effective in improving student outcomes in general chemistry.
Gaussian multiaccess channels with ISI: capacity region and multiuser water-filling

The capacity region of a two-user Gaussian multiaccess channel with intersymbol interference (ISI) in which the inputs pass through respective linear systems and are superimposed before being corrupted by an additive Gaussian noise process is discussed. A geometrical method for obtaining the optimal input power spectral densities and the capacity region is presented. This method can be viewed as a nontrivial generalization of the single-user water-filling argument. It is shown that, as in the traditional memoryless multiaccess channel, frequency-division multiaccess (FDMA) with optimally selected frequency bands for each user achieves the total capacity of the multiuser Gaussian multiaccess channel with ISI. However, the capacity region of the two-user channel with memory is, in general, not a pentagon unless the channel transfer functions for both users are identical. >
Intraoperative patient information handover between anesthesia providers.

Currently, no reported studies have evaluated intraoperative handover among anesthesia providers. Studies on anesthetic handover in the US recovery room setting observed that handover processes are insufficient and, in many instances, significant intraoperative events are disregarded. An online survey tool was sent to anesthesia providers at US anesthesia residency programs nationwide (120 out of the 132 US programs encompassing around 4500 residents and their academic MDAs) and a smaller survey selection of CRNAs (10 institutions about 300 CRNAs in the metropolitan area of Detroit, MI, USA) to collect information on handover practices. The response rate to this survey (n5216) was comprised of approximately 5% (n571) of the resident population in US anesthesia programs, 5% (n587) of MDAs , and 20% (n558) of the CRNAs. Out of all respondents (n5212), 49.1 % had no hand-over protocol at their institution and 88% of respondents who did have institutional handover protocols believed them insufficient for effective patient handover. In addiiton, 84.8% of all responders reported situations where there was insufficient information received during a patient handover. Only 7% of the respondents reported never experiencing complications or mismanagement due to poor or incomplete hand-overs. In contrast, 60% reported rarely having complications, 31% reported sometimes having complications, and 3% reported frequent complications. In conclusion, handover transition of patient care is a vulnerable and potentially life-threatening event in the operating room. Our preliminary study suggests that current intraoperatvive handover practices among anesthesia providers are suboptimal and that national patient handover guidelines are required to improve patient safety.
Dose-Ranging Study of Ceftriaxone for Uncomplicated Gonorrhea in Men

Uncomplicated gonorrhea in men was successfully treated with ceftriaxone in single intramuscular doses of 125 mg (15 patients), 250 mg (16 patients), or 500 mg (15 patients). All 45 pretreatment gonococcal isolates tested were inhibited by ≤0.016 μg of ceftriaxone per ml. Treatment was well tolerated and caused no toxicity.
One-Dimensional, Ocean Surface Layer Modeling: A Problem and a Solution

Abstract The first part of this paper is generic; it demonstrates a problem associated with one-dimensional, ocean surface layer model comparisons with ocean observations. Unlike three-dimensional simulations or the real ocean, kinetic energy can inexorably build up in one-dimensional simulations, which artificially enhances mixing. Adding a sink term to the momentum equations counteracts this behavior. The sink term is a surrogate for energy divergence available to three-dimensional models but not to one-dimensional models. The remainder of the paper deals with the Mellor–Yamada boundary layer model. There exists prior evidence that the model’s summertime surface temperatures are too warm due to overly shallow mixed layer depths. If one adds a sink term to approximate three-dimensional model behavior, the warming problem is exacerbated, creating added incentive to seek an appropriate model change. Guided by laboratory data, a Richardson-number-dependent dissipation is introduced and this simple modificat...
Über Resonanz und Dämpfung in der Theorie des Atomkerns

Es wird gezeigt, da\ das Verhalten der einfachen Modelle eines radioaktiven Kerns sehr genau einem optischen Resonanzfalle entspricht, so da\ die naturliche DAmpfung (Zerfallskonstante) aus der „Linienbreite“ der Schrodingerschen „verwaschenen Eigenwerte“ berechnet werden kann. Das Resultat stimmt genau mit der Formel von Fowler und Wilson, und, soweit Unterschiede in dem Modell nicht Anderungen einfuhren, auch mit der Formel von Atkinson und Houtermans uberein. Daraufhin wird der Einflu\ dieser Resonanz (der bisher recht verschieden geschAtzt worden ist), auf die Eindringungs-wahrscheinlichkeit untersucht; es zeigt sich eine qualitative Gultigkeit der Gamowschen Formel, gleichgultig, ob nur die Resonanzeindringung oder nur die gewohnliche DurchlAssigkeit oder beide tatsAchlich vorhanden sind.
A scheme for improved multicast efficiency in a ring network

The authors deal with the multicasting of a file to a number of stations in a ring network. A protocol is presented which is very effective in reducing the overall transmission time when the links are subject to errors. The scheme relies on giving extra error protection to acknowledgements. Simulations and comparisons are made with two other schemes. These comparisons show the potential of substantial efficiency increases by using the proposed protocol. The benefits stem from a large reduction of unneeded repetitions under error conditions. >
Molecular Markers and Genome Analysis in the Manipulation of Lettuce Downy Mildew

We are developing approaches for map-based cloning of disease resistance genes. Specificity between lettuce and its fungal pathogen, Bremia lactucae, is conditioned by an unambiguous gene-for-gene interaction. Classical genetics of host and pathogen has defined 13 resistance genes (Dm) and matching avirulence genes. The resistance genes are clustered in four regions. The current genetic map comprises 319 markers. We are now focusing on saturating the regions containing resistance genes with PCR-based markers using near-isogenic lines, bulked segregant analysis, and deletion mutants. We are also mapping many genes for disease resistance in lettuce to test whether they are all clustered. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers are being converted to sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers to provide reliable markers flanking each resistance locus. Recombinants selected from large populations are being used to order closely linked markers in the vicinity of resistance genes. We are developing long-range restriction maps around the Dm genes and analyzing recombinants for changes in the map to orientate the physical map relative to the genetic map and to determine the relationship between genetic and physical distance in the region. We are currently preparing various libraries for chromosome walking and will start isolating overlapping clones when a physically close marker has been confirmed.