cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Manhattan or non-Manhattan?: a study of alternative VLSI routing architectures

Circuit interconnect has become a substantial obstacle in the design of high performance systems. In this paper we explore a new routing paradigm that strikes at the root of the interconnect problem by reducing wire lengths directly. We present a non-Manhattan Steiner tree heuristic, obtaining wire length reductions of much as 17% on average, when compared to rectilinear topologies. Moreover, we present a graph-based interconnect optimization algorithm, called the GRATS-tree algorithm, which allows performance optimization beyond what can be obtained through wire length reduction alone. The two tree construction algorithms are integrated into a new global router that allows large scale non-Manhattan design. Although we consider circuit placements performed under rectilinear objectives, our global router can reduce maximum congestion levels by as much as 20%. In general we find that the non-Manhattan approach requires additional Steiner points and bends; realization of non-Manhattan routing structures requires additional vias. We observe that the increase in via cost is much less dramatic than might be expected; the benefits of wire length reduction may outweigh the additional via cost.
A CMOS Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) Biosensor Array

In this paper, we present a fully integrated biosensor 10 × 10 array in a standard complementary metal-oxide semiconducor process, which takes advantage of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). We also show that this system is able to detect various biological analytes, such as DNA and proteins, in real time and without the need for molecular labels. In each pixel of this array, we implement a biocompatible Au electrode transducer and embedded sensor circuitry which takes advantage of the coherent detector to measure the impedance of the associated electrode-electrolyte interface. This chip is capable of concurrently measuring admittance values as small as 10-8 Ω-1 within the array with the detection dynamic range of more than 90 dB in the frequency range of 10 Hz-50 MHz.
Olfactory Discrimination of Short Chain Fatty Acids in Rats with Large Bilateral Lesions of the Olfactory Bulbs

Rats trained preoperatively to discriminate between acetic acid and caproic acid and between acetic acid and propionic acid were tested for their memory of these tasks and ability to discriminate between these odorants and between the enantiomers of carvone after receiving large bilateral bulbar lesions that included most of the fatty acid responsive areas identified in prior physiological studies. Concentrations of acid odorants were varied to insure that discrimination was based on the qualitative difference between acids. Experimental rats performed somewhat poorer than controls on the memory test but had no significant deficits in performing the acid discrimination tasks or discriminating between the enantiomers of carvone. These results demonstrate that removal of most bulbar sites identified as responsive to fatty acids and the consequent disruption of patterned input to the bulb is largely without effect on discriminating odor qualities of structurally similar acids.
Anti-tumor antibodies as a marker for early detection of ovarian cancer

A50 Background: A lack of reliable early detection tool for ovarian cancer (OvCa) makes the disease the most fatal gynecologic cancer in women. We showed that anti-tumor antibodies (aTAbs) are prevalent in OvCa patients (Barua et al., 2007a) and are a potential diagnostic marker for early detection of OvCa. Since there is no method to identify patients with early stage disease, it is difficult to validate aTAb as an early marker of OvCa. Laying hen is the only animal model that develops OvCa spontaneously and aTAbs are also prevalent in laying hens with OvCa similar to human. Recently, we have established, for the first time, in vivo visualization and monitoring of ovarian tumors in hens using ultrasound imaging with similar probe as in human. In our method, a hen can be screened repeatedly without affecting its physiology. The aim of the present study was to determine if aTAbs appear before the clinical presentation of OvCa and to monitor aTAb positive hens in vivo by transvaginal ultrasound (TUS) for ovarian changes leading to OvCa. >Methods: Laying hens of 2.5 - 3years old (n = 40, the incidence rate of OvCa is about 15-20% in this age group) were TUS scanned as reported previously (Barua et al., 2007b), their sera were collected and examined for aTAbs by immunoassay (Luborsky et al., 1990; Barua and Yoshimura, 2001). Ultrasonography of hen ovaries was performed using a commercially available instrument equipped with a transvaginal transducer (Z1, Zonare Medical Systems, CA). Blood flow indices (resistive index [RI] and pulsatility index [PI]) in blood vessels with the highest flow velocity were measured. Hens with lower RI or PI values than normal hens were considered to have abnormal ovarian status. Laying hens with functional ovary (egg laying is an indicator of ovarian function), no abnormal ovarian morphology under grey scale and Doppler TUS and positive (6 hens) or negative (3 hens) for aTAbs were selected. Hens were reared under standard animal husbandry practices, monitored prospectively by in vivo TUS scanning at 15wks intervals until morphological or blood flow changes were observed by US for up to 45 weeks. Upon necropsy, ovarian pathologies were recorded and tissues were processed for routine histology. >Result: Gross ovarian tumors were observed in some hens, some had only a portion of ovary with solid masses whereas others had no such obvious abnormalities. All tumors and non-tumor abnormalities were confirmed by HE 30% hen developed non-ovarian pathology and none developed OvCa. >Conclusion: This is the first report on the longitudinal observation on anti-tumor antibody appearance and the clinical manifestation of ovarian cancer. These results suggest that aTAbs appear before the clinical presentation of ovarian tumor and may be a viable marker for early detection of OvCa. Support: NIH Ro1AI05506, Rice Foundation, Ovarian Cancer Survivor Network.
Taste versus Fashion: The Inferred Objectivity of Aesthetic Judgments

While some evaluations of aesthetic stimuli are assumed to be matters of personal “taste,” other judgments are assumed to be influenced by the prevalent opinions of peers and/or “experts” (e.g., art critics). The nature of this assumption may depend upon the perception that a “correct” answer exists in objective reality. Employing social psychological principles of attribution theory, this study investigates the degree to which subjects' explanations for a target person's reactions to tasks involving color evaluations were influenced by subjects' knowledge of others' choices in the same situation (consensus information). It was hypothesized that the assumed objectivity (or subjectivity) of a judgment is related to the utilization of such information. Participants were provided with brief accounts of fictitious subjects' behavior in three experiments involving reactions to colors. Each “study” involved the rendering of a judgment which was conceptualized as either objective (physical reality), quasi-object...
The Physiology and Molecular Underpinnings of the Effects of Bariatric Surgery on Obesity and Diabetes

Bariatric surgeries, such as Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and vertical sleeve gastrectomy, produce significant and durable weight loss in both humans and rodents. Recently, these surgical interventions have also been termed metabolic surgery because they result in profound metabolic improvements that often surpass the expected improvement due to body weight loss alone. In this review we focus on the weight-loss independent effects of bariatric surgery, which encompass energy expenditure and macronutrient preference, the luminal composition of the gut (i.e., the microbiota and bile acids), the transformation of the gastrointestinal lining, increases in postprandial gut hormone secretions, glycemic control, pancreas morphology, and micronutrient and mineral absorption. Taken together, these data point to several important physiological changes that contribute to the profound benefits of these surgical procedures. Identifying the underlying molecular mechanisms for these physiological effects will allow better u...
ASIS&T addressing missed information opportunities and victims' information agency in the fight against sexual human trafficking

In the United States' battle against sexual human trafficking, the nascent integration of criminal justice and social service agency work is severely hampered by an array of information problems, which are amenable to mitigation from Information Studies scholars. Naive information organization and infrastructure design undermine many of these integrated projects. More critical however, is their general focus on process with little reference to supporting victims' personal agency through their required mastery of information resources. Using a systematic analysis of current scholarly research articles on sexual human trafficking, this study identified 31 research and application projects developed in reference to concrete support for government and social service agencies. For each study, analysis examines the nature of the victims' personal information agency, as well as the primary actors in each information situation. Disciplinary distinctions regarding the human rights approach to prostitution, underpin many of Information Studies' missed opportunities for contributing to agency effectiveness.
Effect of Volatile Organic Compounds in Indoor Renovation on the DNA Damage in Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes in Human and Mice

Objective To explore the DNA damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes caused by exposure to the volatile organic compounds emitted from indoor renovation. Methods The study was included both of animal experiments and epidemiological survey. The DNA damage was studied with single cell gel electrophoresis assay in peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained from waitress working over half year in newly renovated workplaces and un-renovated workplaces. The animal experiment was also carried out for investigation of DNA damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes of exposed mice.Results The rate of DNA breaks in peripheral blood lymphocytes of waitress working in newly renovated workplaces was significantly higher than those of the negative control group(P0.01). Moreover, the DNA damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes of exposed mice was significantly higher than those of the negative control group(P0.01). Conclusion The DNA damage was existed in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of human exposed to the volatile organic compounds emitted from newly renovated areas. The high concentration of volatile organic compounds could cause the DNA damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes of exposed mice.
Preliminary study on strategy of generics during patent cliff in China

The forthcoming of patent cliff has brought big business opportunities to Chinese pharmaceutical enterprises.Meanwhile,Chinese pharmaceutical enterprises are facing more challenges on generic technology,competition of market share,market discourse power and potential risk of multi-patent or post-patent.In this paper,combining with reality of domestic pharmaceutical enterprises and market condition,we discussed some strategies for the issue of the patent cliff.Furthermore,we proposed particular suggestions on establishing systematical generic drug plan and seizing the commanding heights of time.There is a need for greater coordination among departments of RD,production and marketing,therefore some strategies are provided to well organize the elements of every process involved in generic drugs during patent cliff.
Environmental Control of Well Integrity

The Environmental Control Technology (ECT) approach is used in this chapter to discuss prevention of fluids migration outside oilfield wells resulting from the loss of external (mechanical) integrity (EMI) of the well’s outer annuli. (Integrity of the well’s production installation also known as internal mechanical integrity, IMI, is outside the scope of this chapter.) Discussed is the mechanism of integrity loss after well cementing that could be alleviated by modifications of cement placement technique. Also discussed is the problem of long-term leaking of wells affected by Sustained Casing Pressure (SCP) at their wellheads. Conventional downhole intervention techniques for SCP remediation have been improved and could be potentially replaced by modern surface intervention methods. The chapter also briefly addresses integrity of injection wells and the relevant testing methods.
Marijuana: Health and Treatment Issues

Intermittent use of low-potency cannabis is not generally associated with obvious toxicity. In recent years, some cannabis users have been using high doses more frequently and seeking treatment. A large but incomplete literature indicates that cannabis can be harmful to health, and that virtually every system in the body is affected by cannabis. Cannabis pharmacology is complex; all recent scientific groups reviewing cannabis conclude it is clearly capable of causing adverse effects to health. Specific treatment procedures have not been developed for managing cannabis related problems. Strategies useful in treating other drug dependence problems are useful in treating dependence.
The Jews of Medieval Western Christendom, 1000–1500: The older Jewries of the south

Study of the Jews of medieval western Christendom must properly begin with the older Jewish communities of the south. By the year 1000, the Jewish settlements scattered throughout the Christian principalities along the northern littoral of the Mediterranean Sea were well established, although not particularly large. They could trace their origins far back into antiquity. With the extension of Roman rule into the eastern Mediterranean basin and the conquest of Judea toward the end of the first pre-Christian millennium, the way was clear for increasing numbers of Jews to move westward across the southern and northern shores of the “Roman lake,” and they did so, establishing Jewish enclaves that would last through antiquity, on into the Middle Ages, and – in some cases – down into modernity as well. We shall treat first the Jewry of southern France, which by virtue of its more interior position was less exposed to the incursion of external forces. Part of a broad Mediterranean culture that stretched from Spain in the west through Italy in the east, southern France was from the beginning of our period through its end fully within the Christian orbit. The history of southern France thus has a somewhat linear quality to it. We shall next proceed to the Iberian peninsula, which at the beginning of our period lay largely under Muslim control.
Phytoplankton Biodiversity in the Oligotrophic Northwestern Sargasso Sea

Phytoplankton are the major primary producers in the open ocean and both their diversity and biomass are major determinants of the structure and function of higher trophic levels and biogeochemical cycles. The relationship between phytoplankton biomass and diversity reportedly exhibits a unimodal function, similar to terrestrial communities, with maximum diversity occurring at intermediate levels of phytoplankton biomass. Oligotrophic waters of the Sargasso Sea provide an ideal environment for examining the characteristics of the upward slope of the phytoplankton diversity-biomass curve because very few natural systems (both terrestrial and aquatic) exhibit such extremely low abundances of autotrophs. Here, we used concentrations of individual photopigments to calculate common measures of diversity (Margalef’s richness (d), Pielou’s evenness (j′), and Shannon-Wiener (H′) indices) and quantified the relationship between each diversity measure and its corresponding measurement of total phytoplankton biomass (as chlorophyll a; chl a). We then used these indices to determine whether photopigment-based diversity differed between cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies—major oceanographic features in the Sargasso Sea—and among stations within these eddies. Richness and evenness generally increased with phytoplankton biomass. Values (d and j′) were more variable at lower chl a concentrations. H′ values increased sharply with biomass to a maximum of 1.93 ± 0.13 at a chl a concentration of 0.2 μg chl a l−1 but remained constant at higher biomass. Analysis of a diversity frequency distribution suggested that a wide range in H′ and low H′ patches did not have a characteristic phytoplankton group assemblage. Diversity was highest at the Bermuda Atlantic Time-Series Study station and at the edge of an anticyclonic eddy near that station in February 2011. Otherwise, there was no clear pattern in the relative diversity for cyclonic vs. anticyclonic eddies or stations within these eddies. This was likely due to the high within-eddy spatial variability in photopigments. Since phytoplankton biomass is likely regulated by nutrient availability, nutrient supply may be the key regulator for biodiversity in this system.
“ISN’t Thirst Sweet?” Says the Fly

How food and water intake is reciprocally regulated to maintain homeostasis is unclear. New findings by Jourjine and colleagues identify four neurons in the Drosophila brain that receive both water and sugar abundance signals and oppositely regulate hunger and thirst.
Carbon-13 Chemical Shielding Tensors in Sugars: Sucrose and Methyl-α-D-Glucopyranoside

This work discusses the benefits of measuring complete 13C chemical shift tensors in single crystals. The comparison of these shift tensors with theoretical chemical shielding tensors provides a way to understand the electronic and the molecular structure of reasonably large molecules. Complete symmetrical chemical shift tensors, with six components each, are used to obtain information on conformational features important in the two sugars, sucrose and methyl-α-D-glucopyranoside. The theoretical calculations are sufficiently accurate to assist in making assignments of resonances arising from very similar carbon atoms in each sugar. It is shown that the best quantum chemical calculations of these 13C chemical shielding tensors correlate the experimental tensor values in sucrose and in a revised assignment scheme for methyl-α-D-glucopyranoside with a standard deviation of about 3 ppm. The previous tentative assignment of the tensors in methyl-α-D-glucopyranoside gives a standard deviation of 4.8 ppm when theory is compared with experiment. These results provide a strong statistical argument for permuting the initial C4 and C5 tensor assignments in this molecule. The six parameters of the shift tensor provide not only three principal values but also the orientational information contained within the shift tensor. Thus, there is an advantage in working with all six parameters of a complete chemical shift tensor over either the three principal shift components obtained on a powder sample or the single isotropic shift recorded in solids by magic angle spinning. These results also indicate that theoretical chemical shielding calculations correlate with experimental shift values and can address subtle structural features with an accuracy comparable to that recorded for x-ray and neutron diffraction studies.
Age equivalence in the benefit of repetition for speech understanding

Although repetition is the most commonly used conversational repair strategy, little is known about its relative effectiveness among listeners spanning the adult age range. The purpose of this study was to identify differences in how younger, middle-aged, and older adults were able to use immediate repetition to improve speech recognition in the presence of different kinds of maskers. Results suggest that all groups received approximately the same amount of benefit from repetition. Repetition benefit was largest when the masker was fluctuating noise and smallest when it was competing speech.
Hospital text paging communication as a surgical quality improvement initiative.

Abstract Background Studies on medicine wards have shown that numeric pages can be disruptive of workflow and patient care. We created a quality improvement program among surgical ward nurses and residents and hypothesized that a text-based, urgency-stratified initiative would improve communication at no detriment to patient care. Methods Surgery residents recorded preintervention data for 1 mo including number of total pages, text pages, and numeric pages received from surgical floors. Nurses and residents completed surveys to assess preintervention satisfaction with communication, responsiveness, and workflow. Nurses were then instructed to use text paging for nonurgent issues. Paging data were again recorded for 1 mo, surveys repeated, and patient safety and satisfaction data collected. Primary endpoints evaluated included patient safety and satisfaction data. Secondary endpoints included communication satisfaction of nurses and residents. Results After text paging implementation, 40.1% of nonurgent pages sent from nurses to resident physicians were alphanumeric texts versus only 17.9% before implementation (P Conclusions Our text paging initiative for all nonurgent pages from nurses to residents improved physician–nurse workflow and communication on the surgical ward with no decrease in patient satisfaction or safety.
Genetic contributors to variation in alcohol consumption vary by race/ethnicity in a large multi-ethnic genome-wide association study

Alcohol consumption is a complex trait determined by both genetic and environmental factors, and is correlated with the risk of alcohol use disorders. Although a small number of genetic loci have been reported to be associated with variation in alcohol consumption, genetic factors are estimated to explain about half of the variance in alcohol consumption, suggesting that additional loci remain to be discovered. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of alcohol consumption in the large Genetic Epidemiology Research in Adult Health and Aging (GERA) cohort, in four race/ethnicity groups: non-Hispanic whites, Hispanic/Latinos, East Asians and African Americans. We examined two statistically independent phenotypes reflecting subjects' alcohol consumption during the past year, based on self-reported information: any alcohol intake (drinker/non-drinker status) and the regular quantity of drinks consumed per week (drinks/week) among drinkers. We assessed these two alcohol consumption phenotypes in each race/ethnicity group, and in a combined trans-ethnic meta-analysis comprising a total of 86 627 individuals. We observed the strongest association between the previously reported single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs671 in ALDH2 and alcohol drinker status (odd ratio (OR)=0.40, P=2.28 × 10-72) in East Asians, and also an effect on drinks/week (beta=-0.17, P=5.42 × 10-4) in the same group. We also observed a genome-wide significant association in non-Hispanic whites between the previously reported SNP rs1229984 in ADH1B and both alcohol consumption phenotypes (OR=0.79, P=2.47 × 10-20 for drinker status and beta=-0.19, P=1.91 × 10-35 for drinks/week), which replicated in Hispanic/Latinos (OR=0.72, P=4.35 × 10-7 and beta=-0.21, P=2.58 × 10-6, respectively). Although prior studies reported effects of ADH1B and ALDH2 on lifetime measures, such as risk of alcohol dependence, our study adds further evidence of the effect of the same genes on a cross-sectional measure of average drinking. Our trans-ethnic meta-analysis confirmed recent findings implicating the KLB and GCKR loci in alcohol consumption, with strongest associations observed for rs7686419 (beta=-0.04, P=3.41 × 10-10 for drinks/week and OR=0.96, P=4.08 × 10-5 for drinker status), and rs4665985 (beta=0.04, P=2.26 × 10-8 for drinks/week and OR=1.04, P=5 × 10-4 for drinker status), respectively. Finally, we also obtained confirmatory results extending previous findings implicating AUTS2, SGOL1 and SERPINC1 genes in alcohol consumption traits in non-Hispanic whites.
Drinking-water type endemic fluorosis in Northern Jiangsu province in 2008:an analysis of survey results

Objective To investigate the state of endemic fluorosis, running status of water improvement project to reduce fluoride in Jiangsu province, and to provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of endemic fluorosis. Methods In 2008, in the ten key counties of endemic fluorosis (zone), in Xuzhou,Lianyungang and Suqian, a stratified sampling method was employed to select 40 diseased villages according to their past water fluoride survey data. All children aged 8 to 12 were examined dental fluorosis, and all adults over 16 years were examined clinical skeletal fluorosis. Thirty per cent of the 40 diseased villages were selected, and 20 adults over the age of 16 in each selected village were examined by X-ray, respectively;50% of the 40 diseased villages were selected, and 30 any time urine samples of children aged 8 to 12 in each diseased village were tested urine fluoride. In each city, select a county, the status of water improvement project to reduce fluoride, water supply capacity and coverage in the county were investigated. Results A total of 3560 children aged 8 to 12 were examined, the detection rate of dental fluorosis was 38.51% (1371/3560), tooth defect rate was 5.34% (190/3560), and dental fluorosis index was 0.8. Seven hundred and eight urine samples were tested, the median urinary fluoride was 1.47 mg/L and the range was 0.08 ~ 10.08 mg/L. Clinical detection of skeletal fluorosis was 21.3% among adults over the age of 16, and X-ray detection rate of skeletal fluorosis was 39.2% (123/314).Investigated a total of 248 facilities of centralized water improvement projects, no funds to run or damaged 49, the water fluoride > 1.0 mg/L was 18. Conclusions Endemic fluorosis in Northern Jiangsu province has not been controlled completely, but has a rising trend, we should further strengthen the supervision of water fluoride reduction. Key words: Fluorosis, dental; Osteofluorosis; Urine; Fluorides; Data collection
Problem-solving skills, parent-adolescent communication, dyadic functioning, and distress among adolescents with cancer.

Some adolescents with cancer report distress and unmet needs. Guided by the disability-stress-coping model, we evaluated associations among problem-solving skills, parent-adolescent cancer-related communication, parent-adolescent dyadic functioning, and distress in adolescents with cancer. Thirty-nine adolescent-parent dyads completed measures of these constructs. Adolescents were 14-20 years old on treatment or within 1 year of completing treatment. Better problem-solving skills were correlated with lower adolescent distress (r = -0.70, P < 0.001). Adolescent-reported cancer-related communication problems and dyadic functioning were not significantly related to adolescent distress (rs < 0.18). Future work should examine use of problem-solving interventions to decrease distress for adolescents with cancer.
Progress without Progressives? The Effects of Development on Women's Educational and Political Equality in Cultural Context, 1980 to 2010

Researchers often attribute diminishing gender inequality to economic development. When different aspects of gender inequality are examined, however, evidence points to both cross-national convergence as well as persistent (or even growing) heterogeneity in women9s status. To make sense of this contradiction, we examine the extent to which culture moderates the relationship between economic development and gender inequality. We consider two dimensions of gender inequality, gender gaps in educational attainment and women9s share of parliament, using data for 150 countries between 1980 and 2010. We find convergence toward greater equality in education, independently of economic development. But cross-cultural differences in female political representation persist or even grow as a function of economic development. Our results imply that economic development is not a direct pathway to greater gender equality. Rather, cultural legacies play an important role in shaping developmental trajectories.
Three-electrode Coin Cell Preparation and Electrodeposition Analytics for Lithium-ion Batteries

As lithium-ion batteries find use in high energy and power applications, such as in electric and hybrid-electric vehicles, monitoring the degradation and subsequent safety issues becomes increasingly important. In a Li-ion cell setup, the voltage measurement across the positive and negative terminals inherently includes the effect of the cathode and anode which are coupled and sum to the total cell performance. Accordingly, the ability to monitor the degradation aspects associated with a specific electrode is extremely difficult because the electrodes are fundamentally coupled. A three-electrode setup can overcome this problem. By introducing a third (reference) electrode, the influence of each electrode can be decoupled, and the electrochemical properties can be measured independently. The reference electrode (RE) must have a stable potential that can then be calibrated against a known reference, for example, lithium metal. The three-electrode cell can be used to run electrochemical tests such as cycling, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Three-electrode cell EIS measurements can elucidate the contribution of individual electrode impedance to the full cell. In addition, monitoring the anode potential allows the detection of electrodeposition due to lithium plating, which can cause safety concerns. This is especially important for the fast charging of Li-ion batteries in electric vehicles. In order to monitor and characterize the safety and degradation aspects of an electrochemical cell, a three-electrode setup can prove invaluable. This paper aims to provide a guide to constructing a three-electrode coin cell setup using the 2032-coin cell architecture, which is easy to produce, reliable, and cost-effective.
Developing analytical tools to impact U.Va. football performance

Data analytics has permeated the sports world, but the funds needed to employ data scientists dedicated exclusively to programs at the collegiate level are hard to come by. As a result, Division I football programs are currently not using data analytics and technology to their full potential. This project aims to use technology and data analytics to enhance the performance of the University of Virginia Football program and serves as a continuation of the efforts of previous U.Va. Systems Engineers to bring U.Va.'s program to the technological forefront of college programs. This paper outlines ongoing efforts involving supplementation to analyses currently being done by the program while also introducing new methods to aid the U.Va. coaching staff. Building upon the previously identified “Three Pillars of Data Analytics” for U.Va. Football, this multi-faceted project includes an analysis of how players' practice performance corresponds to in-game performance, the validation of a previously built 4th down decision tool delivered last year as a means to aid in difficult in-game decision making, and the development of an automated tool to classify offensive play formations using computer vision. These efforts aim to help the coaching staff optimize practice schedules, provide them with data-driven decision-making aids to be used in-game, and increase opponent scouting capabilities while also saving the labor required to do so.
Restoration of Tidally Restricted Salt Marshes at Rumney Marsh, Massachusetts

Low-lying coastal floodplain environments often experience extreme tidal events. When such high water conditions threaten improved property and highways, the property owners and government agencies often construct a system of earthen dikes, drainage pipes, and tide gates in an effort to exclude damaging tidal flood waters from the protected area while providing for the discharge of storm water from the upland watershed. Tide gates are simple gravity-operated mechanisms typically mounted on pipes through dikes and used to control the flow of water in coastal environments. Conventional tide gates have a weighted valve or one-way gate that is hinged at the top, allowing the discharge of runoff from a protected inner area when interior water levels are greater than exterior water levels, while preventing the return flow of incoming tides. When used in estuarine environments, these gates drain upstream wetlands, obstruct fish migration, increase sedimentation by blocking the scouring action of tides, and decrease salinity. This exclusion of the tide often leads to favorable conditions for the colonization of salt marshes by Phragmites australis (common reed). Dense stands of Phragmites pose fire hazards near developed property, can impair drainage, and result in increased freshwater flooding and mosquito breeding upstream of conventional tide gates.
Surgical Interventions in Hip and Pelvis Injuries

Diagnosing the cause of hip pain in the athlete can be difficult, but it almost always can be accomplished with an understanding of local anatomy combined with a thorough history and physical examination. For most causes of athletic hip pain, the patient should be given a sustained trial of nonoperative treatment before surgery is considered. Femoral neck fractures and hip dislocations in the athlete require emergency treatment. Thoughtful imaging of the hip or pelvis is an important diagnostic tool that can distinguish tendon strain from avulsion, help diagnose osteitis pubis, and evaluate for tumor as a cause for pain. Adolescents with hip abnormalities commonly present themselves with knee pain. Adolescents with knee pain should have their hips evaluated.
Quantifying the Role of Atmospheric Forcing in Ice Edge Retreat and Advance Including Wind-Wave Coupling

Abstract : The Long-Term Goals are: 1. Representing surface fluxes and ocean waves in coupled models in the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas. 2. Understand the physics of heat and mass transfer from the ocean to the atmosphere. 3. Improve forecasting of waves on the open ocean and in the marginal ice zone.
WHY CONGRESS NEEDS TO ACT TO UPDATE PROTECTION FOR ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS FROM MULTIPLE AND EXTENSIVE THREATS FROM AROUND THE WORLD.

This article analyzes the extent that digital privacy acts are adequately protected by existing law. The authors look at the historical protection of these rights, and note that the last major piece of legislation in the area was 1986. An analysis of the changes in society from 1986 to the present indicates that changes to current law are long overdue. The authors review some recommended changes and call for Congress to act to update American laws related to electronic communication.
Examining an asymmetric effect between online customer reviews emphasis and overall satisfaction determinants

Abstract Do customer online reviews truly reflect the determinants of customer overall satisfaction with hotels? Using a text mining approach: latent semantic analysis and a text regression approach, this study compared the product and service attributes contributing to customer perception on editor-recommended and -nonrecommended hotels at various star levels. This study found that positive and negative attributes contributing to customer perception differ; even for the same attribute, its importance level for customer perception differs between different types of hotels. This study found an asymmetric effect of the focus of online reviews and determinants of customer satisfaction: not all positive/negative textual factors mined from online customer reviews significantly influence their overall satisfaction, and the emphasis level of a certain attribute in customer reviews differs from the relative importance level of the influence of the attribute on customer overall satisfaction. This shows the different psychological mechanisms of customers writing online reviews and their overall satisfaction generation.
Spectral modulation detection in adolescents with normal hearing or cochlear implants predicts some language skills, but not others

Previous outcomes of an ongoing longitudinal study involving children with cochlear implants (CIs) have revealed that these children demonstrate especially large deficits in two areas: (1) language skills dependent upon phonological structure; and (2) speech-in-noise recognition. Morphosyntactic skills appear closer to typical. We have hypothesized that both the phonological deficit and the speech-in-noise problems arise from poor spectral resolution. To test this hypothesis we measured children’s spectral modulation detection (SMD). Participants were14-year-old children with normal hearing (49) or with CIs (42). A 3-interval, forced-choice procedure was used in which two stimuli were unmodulated noises and one was a noise modulated at a rate of 0.5 ripples per octave (rpo). The 70.7% threshold for SMD was estimated adaptively. Other measures included tests of phonological awareness and processing, vocabulary and syntactic abilities, and speech recognition in single- or multi-talker babble, as well as in speech-shaped noise. Children with CIs had slightly higher SMD thresholds, and poorer performance on all other measures. For both groups, SMD thresholds were related to phonological skills and speech-in-noise recognition, but not to vocabulary or syntactic abilities. Outcomes were interpreted as suggesting that phonological sensitivity and speech-in-noise recognition depend upon spectral resolution, but morphosyntactic skills do not.
Coping strategies and traumatic brain injury in incarcerated youth: a mediation analysis.

Objective: Investigation into whether coping strategies mediated the relationship of traumatic brain injury (TBI) on depression/anxiety and alcohol and drug problems within incarcerated youth. Subj...
A RARE CASE OF MINOCYCLINE INDUCED EOSINOPHILIC MYOCARDITIS

Eosinophilic myocarditis (EM) is a rare form of myocarditis characterized by myocardial inflammation with eosinophils, often in association with elevated levels of circulating blood eosinophils greater than 1,500. Often presenting with a constellation of cardiac symptoms, EM is usually associated
Bioherbicides and nanotechnology: Current status and future trends

Abstract Bioherbicides are living organisms—more specifically, microorganisms—or products derived from microorganisms, including the natural metabolites produced by these organisms in the course of their growth and development. Constraints to the development of bioherbicides, especially those containing biotic agents, include specific requirements to sustain organism activity and efficacy, which necessitates the development of special formulations. Nanoformulations are an emerging research area that has not been applied to weed biological control, but that has the potential for innovative developments, including controlled release of active phytotoxins that could be achieved using variations of nanoparticles and other nanoformulation technology. The objectives of this chapter are to develop an understanding of factors affecting bioherbicide formulation for successful use in agricultural and natural ecosystems, and to assess the prospects of developing nanotechnology solutions for improved bioherbicide formulation. The potential of improved formulation systems to help resolve current weed management problems suggests that commercial products will emerge that combine the benefits of bioherbicides with nanotechnology in formulations that are less detrimental to the wider environment. However, even with all the benefits, the use of nanotechnology, especially in agricultural production, should be thoroughly studied to avoid or limit further damage to the environment and human health.
Asymmetric synthesis of β-amino carbonyl compounds with N-sulfinyl β-amino Weinreb amides

Diverse organometallic reagents readily add to enantiopure N-sulfinyl β-amino Weinreb amides providing the corresponding, stable, N-sulfinyl β-amino carbonyl compounds in good to excellent yields. This new methodology represents a general solution to the problem of β-amino carbonyl syntheses, which are important chiral building blocks and constituents of natural products. N-Sulfinyl β-amino Weinreb amides are prepared by reaction of the potassium enolate of N-methoxy N-methylacetamide with sulfinimines (N-sulfinyl imines) or lithium N,O-dimethylhydroxylamine with N-sulfinyl β-amino esters.
The Domino Effect

In Chap. 12 we studied universal statements of the form $$\displaystyle{\forall a \in U,P(a)}$$ for given sets U and predicates P. Here we continue this discussion by examining the case when U is the set of natural numbers.
Is Health Insurance Literacy Associated With Financial Hardship Among Cancer Survivors? Findings From a National Sample in the United States.

Little is known about the association between health insurance literacy and financial hardship among cancer survivors. Using the 2016 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey Experiences with Cancer self-administered questionnaire, we evaluated the associations between health insurance literacy and medical financial hardship and nonmedical financial sacrifices among adult cancer survivors in the United States. Of the survivors, 18.9% aged 18-64 years and 14.6% aged 65 years and older reported health insurance literacy problems. In both age groups (18-64 and ≥65 years), from multivariable logistic regressions, survivors with health insurance literacy problems were more likely to report any material (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.53 to 5.96; AOR = 3.33, 95% CI = 1.69 to 6.57, respectively) or psychological (AOR = 5.53, 95% CI = 2.35 to 13.01; AOR = 8.79, 95% CI = 4.55 to 16.97, respectively) hardship, as well as all types of nonmedical financial sacrifices than those without these problems. Future longitudinal studies are warranted to test causality and assess whether improving health insurance literacy can mitigate financial hardship.
Impact of Body Mass Index on Biomechanics of Recreational Runners.

BACKGROUND Some recreational runners with obesity successfully train or compete without musculoskeletal injury. Insight into the key kinetic strategies of injury-free heavier runners is necessary to appropriately guide development of safe training programs for this population. OBJECTIVE To determine key biomechanical strategies of running in individuals with body mass index (BMI) values above and equal to and higher than 30 kg/m2 . DESIGN This was a case-control study. PARTICIPANTS Runners with obesity (n =18; 42.7 years, 38.9% women) who were matched by sex, age, footstrike type, footwear characteristics, and running speed with healthy runners (n = 36; 41.7 years, 32.5% women). SETTING Research laboratory affiliated with an academic medical center. METHODS A seven-camera optical motion analysis system was used to capture running kinematics and an instrumented treadmill captured kinetic data. MAIN OUTCOMES Main outcomes were temporal spatial parameters, joint excursions, peak ground reaction forces (GRFs), joint moments, vertical average loading rate (VALR), impulses, and vertical stiffness (Kvert ). RESULTS Runners with obesity demonstrated 15% less vertical excursion of the center of mass, 18% wider strides, and 3% longer stance times than nonobese runners (P < .05). Normalized peak GRFs and VALRs were higher in the nonobese group. GRF impulse was higher in the group with obesity compared to the nonobese group (means ± SD; 339.6 ± 55.2 Ns vs. 255.0 ± 45.8 Ns; P = .0001). Kvert was higher in the obese group compared to the nonobese group (238.6 ± 50.3 N/cm vs. 183.1 ± 29.4 N/cm; P = .0001). Peak hip moments were higher in runners with obesity in the sagittal and frontal planes (P < .05). CONCLUSION Runners with obesity dampened impact forces and controlled loading rate more than nonobese runners by increasing lower body stiffness and constraining vertical displacement.
Tuning Catalytic Sites on Zr6O8 Metal–Organic Framework Nodes via Ligand and Defect Chemistry Probed with tert-Butyl Alcohol Dehydration to Isobutylene

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have drawn wide attention as candidate catalysts, but some essential questions about their nature and performance have barely been addressed. (1) How do OH groups on...
Technical Standards and a Theory of Writing as Infrastructure

Infrastructures support and shape our social world, but they do so in often invisible ways. In few cases is that truer than with various documents that serve infrastructural functions. This article...
Experimental and modeling study of 1/f noise in multilayer MoS2 and MoSe2 field-effect transistors

In field-effect transistors (FETs) with two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenide channels, the dependence of field-effect mobility on atomic layer thickness has been studied and interpreted in terms of interface scattering and interlayer coupling resistance (Rint). However, a model for 1/f noise, such as in MoS2 and in MoSe2 FETs, for various contact metals and layer number thicknesses has not been reported. In this work, we have experimentally studied current–voltage and 1/f noise on MoS2 and MoSe2 FETs with source and drain contacts of high and low work function metals to understand both the mobility and the noise behavior. We have developed a noise model incorporating layer number dependent Hooge parameters and Rint. The noise and mobility models utilize screening lengths for charge, mobility, and Hooge parameter to describe the variation of these quantities with a layer number. Using our single model topology with appropriate fitting parameters for each material and each contact metal, the model captures the experimentally observed layer thickness dependence of the Hooge parameter. Our noise analysis is fully comprehensive and, hence, could be applied to any 2D layered systems.
Structural and piezoelectric properties of ultra-thin ScxAl1−xN films grown on GaN by molecular beam epitaxy

ScxAl1−xN (x = 0.18–0.40) thin films of ∼28 nm thickness grown on metal polar GaN substrates by molecular beam epitaxy are found to exhibit smooth morphology with less than 0.5 nm roughness and predominantly single-phase wurtzite crystal structure throughout the composition range. Measurement of the piezoelectric d33 coefficient shows a 150% increase for lattice-matched Sc0.18Al0.82N relative to pure aluminum nitride, whereas higher Sc contents exhibit lower piezoelectric coefficients. The electromechanical response of the epitaxial films correlates with the crystal quality and the presence of zinc blende inclusions, as observed by high-resolution electron microscopy. It is further found that the polarity of the epitaxial ScxAl1−xN layers is locked to the underlying substrate. The measured electromechanical properties of epitaxial ScxAl1−xN, their relation to the atomic crystal structure and defects, and its crystal polarity provide useful guidance toward the applications of this material.