cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Catalytic decomposition of nitric oxide

Catalytic decomposition of nitric oxide at a concentration of 0.404 and 0.432% by volume in nitrogen was studied in a tubular flow reactor. The packing consisted of alumina pellets impregnated with 0.1% by weight of platinum oxide and 3.0% by weight of nickel oxide. Tests were conducted at pressures of 1 to 15 atm. and temperatures from 800° to 1,000°F. A rate equation correlating the data as a function of temperature, pressure, and compositions was developed. A reaction mechanism compatible with the rate equation is proposed.
Treatment for the Secondary Prevention of Stroke in Older Patients: The Influence of Dementia Status

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of dementia status on treatment for the secondary prevention of stroke in older patients. DESIGN: Based on patient examinations and medical record review, we investigated the frequency of aspirin and/or warfarin use at hospital discharge for the prevention of recurrent stroke in older patients hospitalized with acute ischemic stroke. SETTING: A large academic medical center. PARTICIPANTS: A cohort of 272 patients, mean age 72.1 ± 8.5 years. MEASUREMENTS: We performed neurologic examinations and reviewed medical records to investigate the effects of a clinical diagnosis of dementia and other potentially relevant factors on treatment with aspirin or warfarin at hospital discharge. RESULTS: Thirty-one patients (11.4%) were not prescribed aspirin or warfarin at hospital discharge. Logistic regression determined that dementia (odds ratio (OR) = 2.57, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.04–6.30) was a significant independent determinant of nontreatment with aspirin or warfarin, adjusting for abnormal gait (OR = 2.01, CI,. 88–4.59); discharge to a nursing home or other institutional residence (OR = 2.55, CI,. 83–7.81); cardiac disease (OR =. 39, CI,. 16−.95); cortical infarct location (OR =. 45, CI,. 18–1.10); male sex (OR =. 47, CI,. 20–1.15); age 80+ (OR = 1.14, CI,. 46–2.82) and age 70–79 (OR =. 96, CI,. 32–2.88) versus age 60–69. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that dementia is a significant independent determinant of nontreatment with aspirin or warfarin when otherwise indicated for the prevention of recurrent stroke. The underutilization of aspirin and warfarin in older stroke patients with dementia may be a modifiable basis for their increased risk of recurrence and death.
Monopole catalysis of nucleon decay in neutron stars

From observed limits on the x-ray flux from neutron stars, a bound is placed on the product of the galactic flux of massive monopoles and the cross section for monopole-catalyzed nucleon decay: ${F}_{M}{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\ensuremath{\Delta}B}l~5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}49}$ ${\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ ${\mathrm{sr}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$.
On the Performance of Principal Component Analysis in Multiple Gross Error Identification

In this paper, the use of the principal component test for the identification stage of three existing collective compensation strategies is presented. The three modified techniques are UBET (unbiased estimation of gross errors), SEGE (simultaneous estimation of gross errors) in the form of their recent modifications (MUBET and MSEGE), and SICC (serial identification with collective compensation). These techniques are modified to apply a statistical test based on principal component analysis instead of the nodal, global, and measurement tests they use. The performance of the modified techniques is assessed by means of Monte Carlo simulations. Comparative analysis indicates that PCA tests do not significantly enhance the ability in identification features of these strategies, and even in some cases, it may lower the exact identification performance.
On coordination reduction and sentence analysis

A class of coordination phenomena in natural languages is considered within the framework of transformational theory. To account for these phenomena it is proposed that certain machinery be added to the syntactic component of a transformational grammar. This machinery includes certain rule schemata, the conditions under which they are to be applied, and conditions determining the sequence of subtrees on which they are to be performed. A solution to the syntactic analysis problem for this class of grammars is outlined. Precise specification of both the generative procedure of this paper and its inverse is given in the form of LISP function definitions.
Characteristics of patients having thyroid surgery under regional anesthesia

Abstract BACKGROUND: Recently local/regional anesthesia has been reintroduced as an alternative to general anesthesia for thyroidectomy. This study was undertaken to analyze characteristics and outcomes of patients who had thyroid surgery performed under regional anesthesia compared with those who had thyroidectomy under general anesthesia. STUDY DESIGN: One hundred seventy-five consecutive patients who underwent thyroid surgery under regional or general anesthesia during a 3-year period were analyzed. Fifty-eight operations were performed under regional anesthesia and 116 under general anesthesia. Patient characteristics analyzed included age, gender, obesity, anesthesia class, and tumor pathology. Postoperative complications, including nausea or vomiting, were compared. Additionally, operative times and length of stay in each group were compared. RESULTS: Patient characteristics including age, gender, tumor pathology, and anesthesia class were similar in both groups. But only 2% of patients treated under regional anesthesia were obese compared with 23% under general anesthesia. Although not significant, there was a trend toward decreased incidence of nausea and vomiting in the regional group. Other complications for the regional and general anesthesia groups were equal at 3%. Two patients required conversion to general anesthesia. Complications in the general anesthesia group included one episode of transient symptomatic hypocalcemia, two patients with transient vocal cord paralysis, and one episode of hematoma. Finally, there was a statistically significant increase in total operating room time and length of stay for the general anesthesia group. CONCLUSIONS: Regional anesthesia is a safe alternative to general anesthesia for patients undergoing thyroid surgery. Patients who cannot communicate verbally with the surgical team or who are obese may not be ideal candidates for regional anesthesia. The use of regional anesthesia results in a decreased length of stay and similar operative and operating room times.
Cellular defense of the avian respiratory system: influx and nonopsonic phagocytosis by respiratory phagocytes activated by Pasteurella multocida.

Abstract Poultry have a very limited number of resident macrophages in the normal steady-state respiratory tract. Thus, poultry must rely heavily on active migration of phagocytic cells to the lungs and air sacs in defending against respiratory pathogens. Intratracheal administration of a live, apathogenic Pasteurella multocida vaccine (Choloral; Clemson University strain) increased the number of avian respiratory phagocytes (ARP; obtained by lavage of lungs and air sacs) within 24 h by 3 orders of magnitude compared with the number of ARP obtained from mock-inoculated controls and from nonreacting chickens. Chickens yielding a high number of ARP did not show any sign of respiratory disease. Flow cytometric analysis of ARP that were exposed to 20 nonopsonized fluorescent microspheres per ARP for 30 min at 37 degrees C demonstrated a fivefold increase in the percentage of actively phagocytic cells in the ARP populations of stimulated chickens compared with the percentage of phagocytic ARP for mock-inoculated control birds. The phagocytic capacity (relative number of engulfed microspheres) of ARP from stimulated birds doubled during the same time. The flow cytometric observations were confirmed by fluorescence microscopy. These results indicate that activation by avirulent replicating agents of phagocytic cells of chicken to migrate to the respiratory tract may be a means of defending poultry against air sacculitis and pneumonia.
Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) female gametophyte and embryo pH changes during seed development

Stage-specific measurements of female gametophyte (FG) and embryo pH (hydrogen ion concentration) were made through the sequence of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seed development. The FG tissue from two open-pollinated trees showed similar pH profiles starting at 5.5 shortly after fertilization, increasing to about 6.1 at stage 7, levelling off at 6.3-6.5 towards the end of development and dropping to 6.0 just before cone opening. Measurements of the chalazal end were 0.05-0.2 pH units less than the micropylar end through early-to-mid-development. In contrast, embryo pH maintained a nearly constant value near 7.0 through development. Profiles of pH through seed development were similar whether portrayed by date or stage of embryo present in the seed. The pH profiles assisted in the development of improved embryogenic tissue initiation techniques. When post-autoclaving maturation medium pH was raised from about 5.3 in control medium to 5.7 or 5.5-5.7 with 2(n-morpholino)ethanesulphonic acid, cotyledonary embryo yields increased.
Giant Pontine Capillary Telangiectasia.

A 32-year-old woman previously healthy presented with new onset headache, vertigo and numbness in bilateral upper extremities for 2 days. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was obtained in the emerge...
Hemispheric Asymmetry in Categorical Versus Coordinate Visuospatial Processing Revealed by Temporary Cortical Deactivation

Kosslyn (1987) proposed that the left hemisphere is better than the right hemisphere at categorical visuospatial processing while the right hemisphere is better than the left hemisphere at coordinate visuospatial processing. In 134 patients, one hemisphere (and then usually the other) was temporarily deactivated by intracarotid injection of sodium amobarbital. After a hemisphere was deactivated, a cognitive test battery was conducted, which included categorical and coordinate visuospatial tasks. Using this technique, the processing capabilities of the intact hemisphere could be determined, thus directly testing Kosslyn's hypothesis regarding hemispheric specialization. Specifically, if the left hemisphere does preferentially process categorical visuospatial relationships, then its deactivation should result in more errors during categorical tasks than right hemisphere deactivation and vise versa for the right hemisphere regarding coordinate tasks. The pattern of results obtained in both categorical and coordinate tasks was consistent with Kosslyn's hypothesis when task difficulty was sufficiently high. However, when task difficulty was low, a left hemispheric processing advantage was found for both types of tasks indicating that: (1) the left hemisphere may be better at "easy" tasks regardless of the type of task and (2) the proposed hemispheric processing asymmetry may only become apparent during sufficiently demanding task conditions. These results may explain why some investigators have failed to find a significant hemispheric processing asymmetry in visuospatial categorical and coordinate tasks.
The net hydration of phage lambda

The banding density of phage lambda varies with the activity of water when the phage particles are banded in a series of different cesium salts. The results are comparable to those Hearst and Vinograd for free DNA. Lambda phage ghosts show less net hydration than the phage particles and band in a fairly narrow range of densities in these cesium salts. The phage banding density may be predicted to a first approximation by a simple additive approximation: the total net hydration of the phage is approximately equal to the net hydrations of free λ DNA λ hosts, all measured at the same water activity. The simple additive approximation is not adequate, however, to explain the banding density differences between a deletion mutant and phage lambda in the different cesium salts. The density differences evidently are sensitive to second-order effects: they apparently are affected by a restriction of DNA hydration inside the phage head, which depends both on water activity and on DNA length (or free volume inside the phage head). This becomes a striking effect in Cs2SO4 solutions where the net DNA hydration is large. Changing the phage banding density by substituting 5-bromouracil for thymine, which increases the DNA mass while leaving the DNA volume relatively unchanged, gives results consistent with a restriction of the net DNA hydration that depends on the DNA volume. Data on the sedimentation velocity behavior that λ and λb2 in diferrent salts are presented and discussed. It appears possible to estimate the size of a DNA deletion from the phage sedimentation coefficient.
Radiation evaluation of the 80C186 16-bit microprocessor utilizing an in-circuit emulator for in-situ electrical biasing and characterization

Radiation characterization data for the 80C186 16-bit microprocessor for two manufacturers are presented. An approach using an in-circuit emulator (ICE) to implement in-situ dynamic biasing and functional testing was used. Test results showed parametric failure levels that differ by more than a factor of 10 between devices from two manufacturers. Accelerated annealing measurements show that the Intel microprocessor does not anneal significantly until the annealing temperature is elevated to 150/spl deg/C while the Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) device exhibits more rapid annealing characteristics. Implications for space application and hardness assurance are discussed.
Creating action plans in a serious video game increases and maintains child fruit-vegetable intake: a randomized controlled trial

Child fruit and vegetable intake is below recommended levels, increasing risk for chronic disease. Interventions to influence fruit and vegetable intake among youth have had mixed effects. Innovative, theory-driven interventions are needed. Goal setting, enhanced by implementation intentions (i.e., plans tightly connected to a behavioral goal), may offer a solution. Action plans state “how” a goal will be achieved, while coping plans identify a potential barrier and corresponding solution. The research reported here evaluated the short- and long-term effects of goal setting enhanced with implementation intentions on child fruit and vegetable intake in a 10-episode, theoretically-grounded serious videogame promoting fruit and vegetables. This is one of the first studies to test the efficacy of implementation intentions on the dietary intake of healthy children. A four-group randomized design with three data collection periods (baseline, immediate post-intervention, 3 months post-intervention) was employed. Groups varied on whether children created an implementation intention (none, action, coping, both) as part of goal setting. Participants were 4th and 5th grade children (~9-11 years old) and one parent. An a priori power analysis indicated this would provide >80% power to detect a small effect (Cohen’s d = 0.17). Children played a 10-episode online videogame; parents received 10 electronic newsletters and access to a parent-only website. The primary outcome was child fruit and vegetable intake, assessed via three, dietitian-assisted telephone recalls at each data collection period. The primary analysis was conducted using a repeated measures analysis of covariance with a mixed model procedure. Secondary analyses examined intervention effects on fruit and vegetables separately. Four hundred parent/child dyads were recruited. A significant group-by-time interaction for fruit and vegetable intake (p < 0.001) was found in only the Action group, which had significant increases in fruit and vegetable intake at post 1 (p < 0.0001) and post 2 (p < 0.0001). No other significant interactions were observed; however, there were significant time effects for fruit (p < 0.0001). Action intentions may be an important component of successful interventions to increase and maintain fruit and vegetable intake in pre-adolescent children. Videogames promoting healthy diets offer an effective vehicle for delivering behavior change interventions to children. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01004094 .
Annotating UDDI registries to support the management of composite services

The future of service-centric environments suggests that organizations will dynamically discover and utilize web services for new business processes particularly those that span multiple organizations. However, as service-oriented architectures mature, it may be impractical for organizations to discover services and orchestrate new business processes on a daily, case-by-case basis. It is more likely that organizations will naturally aggregate themselves into groups of collaborating partners that routinely share services. In such cases, there is a requirement to maintain an organizational memory with regards to the capabilities offered by other enterprises and how they fit within relevant business processes. As a result, registries must maintain information about past business processes (i.e. relevant web services and their performance, availability, and reliability). This paper discusses and evaluates several hybrid approaches for incorporating business process information into standards-based service registries.
THE BIOGEOGRAPHY OF GEOGRAPHERS: A CONTENT VISUALIZATION OF JOURNAL PUBLICATIONS

Biogeographers choose to align their scholarship within different domains, from ecological or historical biogeography, to landscape ecology, macroecology, or the analytical perspective initiated wi...
Mapping Equivalence for Symbolic Sequences: Theory and Applications

Processing of symbolic sequences represented by mapping of symbolic data into numerical signals is commonly used in various applications. It is a particularly popular approach in genomic and proteomic sequence analysis. Numerous mappings of symbolic sequences have been proposed for various applications. It is unclear however whether the processing of symbolic data provides an artifact of the numerical mapping or is an inherent property of the symbolic data. This issue has been long ignored in the engineering and scientific literature. It is possible that many of the results obtained in symbolic signal processing could be a byproduct of the mapping and might not shed any light on the underlying properties embedded in the data. Moreover, in many applications, conflicting conclusions may arise due to the choice of the mapping used for numerical representation of symbolic data. In this paper, we present a novel framework for the analysis of the equivalence of the mappings used for numerical representation of symbolic data. We present strong and weak equivalence properties and rely on signal correlation to characterize equivalent mappings. We derive theoretical results which establish conditions for consistency among numerical mappings of symbolic data. Furthermore, we introduce an abstract mapping model for symbolic sequences and extend the notion of equivalence to an algebraic framework. Finally, we illustrate our theoretical results by application to DNA sequence analysis.
The Emperor's New Clothes: American Views of Hirohito after World War II

(2006). The Emperor's New Clothes: American Views of Hirohito after World War II. The Historian: Vol. 68, No. 1, pp. 1-28.
Fuzzy logic and the principle of least commitment in computer vision

The application of fuzzy logic to computer vision processes has grown rapidly. The appeal of such techniques stems, at least partially, from the fact that they naturally maintain multiple hypotheses to varying degrees until a crisp decision must be made. This satisfies the principle of least commitment, originally stated by David Man for the development of intelligent computer vision algorithms. In this paper, we demonstrate fuzzy set theory's support of this principle with three examples from midlevel vision.
The Assessment of Technical Writing: A Case Study:

This article describes the design and evaluation of a formal writing assessment program within a technical writing course. Our purpose in this base-line study was to evaluate student writing at the...
Analysis of post mortem aqueous humour chemistry in the horse, with particular reference to urea nitrogen and creatinine

The concentrations of several post mortem aqueous humour chemical constituents were compared with ante mortem serum chemical values in the horse. Urea nitrogen and creatinine values in post mortem aqueous humour were good predictors of ante mortem serum values. Aqueous humour urea nitrogen increased only slightly and creatinine did not change significantly for up to 24 h after death. Formulae were derived for calculating estimated ante mortem serum urea nitrogen and creatinine from aqueous humour values obtained after death. These results from normal horses identify analytes that are accurate predictors of ante mortem serum values. Determination of post mortem aqueous humour urea nitrogen of creatinine may assist in interpretation of the functional significance of equivocal histological lesions in the kidney.
Fibrous Dysplasia of the Rib: AIRP Best Cases in Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation

Editor’s Note.—RadioGraphics continues to publish radiologic-pathologic case material selected from the American Institute for Radiologic Pathology (AIRP) “best case” presentations. The AIRP conducts a 4-week Radiologic Pathology Correlation Course, which is offered five times per year. On the penultimate day of the course, the best case presentation is held at the American Film Institute Silver Theater and Cultural Center in Silver Spring, Md. The AIRP faculty identifies the best cases, from each organ system, brought by the resident attendees. One or more of the best cases from each of the five courses are then solicited for publication in RadioGraphics. These cases emphasize the importance of radiologic-pathologic correlation in the imaging evaluation and diagnosis of diseases encountered at the institute and its predecessor, the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP).
Evaluating Tiers of Real Estate Publications in the U.S.

Many universities use tiered target publication lists to evaluate research for promotion and tenure. A survey finds U.S. real estate academics agree which criteria to use to classify journals into tiers. They also agree that a top tier should consist of four journals. While there is general agreement that Real Estate Economics and the Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics are the top two journals, economists and real estate business academics differ in their assessment of the Journal of Urban Economics and the Journal of Real Estate Research as the third and fourth ranked journals. There is even less agreement about which journals should constitute the second tier. The distinction between real estate as an urban economics field and as a separate business discipline is evidenced by differences in perceptions of journals.
Co-varying patterns of physical activity and sedentary behaviors and their long-term maintenance among adolescents

Background:We examined the covarying patterns of physical activity and sedentary behaviors among adolescents and their long-term maintenance. Methods:Data came from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (1995–2002). We used latent class analysis to identify distinct covarying patterns in adolescence. Logistic regression models were used to predict odds of meeting moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) recommendations (≥5 bouts/week) and exceeding screen time guidelines (>2 hours/day) 6 years later based on their adolescent class profile. Results:Five classes for each gender were identified and labeled as low physical activity (PA)/low sedentary behaviors (SED), moderate (Mod) PA/high (HI) SED, Mod PA/low SED, HI PA/low SED, and HI PA (except skating/biking)/low SED. Compared with low PA/low SED, males and females in Mod PA/low SED, HI PA/low SED, and HI PA (except skating/biking)/low SED classes had increased odds of meeting MVPA recommendations in young adulthood. Mod PA/HI SED had ...
Gulf War Syndrome: A Toxic Exposure? A Systematic Review

Using the strength-of-conclusion scheme enumerated in Box 2, based on two class II studies, there is probably a causal link between deployment to the Persian Gulf theater of operation and the development of the poorly defined multisymptom illness known as GWS (level B). Based on class IV studies, there is insufficient evidence to determine if exposure to toxins encountered during the Persian Gulf war caused GWS (level U). A major limitation of the literature regarding the GWS is the reliance on self-reporting to measure exposure to putative causal toxins. Although objective measures of toxin exposure in GWV generally is unavailable, modeling techniques to estimate exposure levels to low-level nerve agents and smoke from oil well fires have been developed. It would be useful to determine if exposure levels determined by these techniques are associated with GWS. The lack of a clear case definition GWS also hampers research. Some go even further, claiming that the absence of such a definition renders the condition illegitimate. Although an objective marker to GWS would be useful for studies, the absence of such a marker does not make the syndrome any less legitimate. in essence, GWS merely is a convenient descriptive term that describes a phenomenon: GWV reporting suffering from medically unexplained health-related symptoms. In this sense, it shares much with the other medically unexplained syndromes encountered in practice. The real debate surrounding medically unexplained conditions is not whether or not they exist, but defining their cause. In this regard, investigators fall into two camps. One camp insists that the conditions are caused by a yet-to-be-discovered medical problem, rejecting out of hand the possibility of a psychologic origin. The other camp insists the conditions are fundamentally psychogenic rejecting the possibility of an undiscovered medical condition. The evidence shows, however, that the conditions exists, the suffering is real, and the causes are unknown.
Penetrating injuries due to gunshot wounds involving the brachial plexus

The authors review 118 operative brachial plexus gunshot wounds (GSWs), causing 293 element injuries that were managed over a 30-year period at Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center (LSUHSC). Retrospective chart reviews were performed. Using the LSUHSC grading system for motor sensory function, each element's grades were combined and averaged. Most of the 293 injured elements were found to have gross continuity at operation and of 202 elements with complete neurological loss, only 16 (8%) exhibited total disruption. Of 293 injuries, 128 elements with complete or incomplete loss were not only in continuity when explored but also had positive intraoperative nerve action potentials (NAPs). After neurolysis, 120 of 128 elements in continuity (94%) improved to greater than or equal to Grade 3 function. Elements not regenerating early usually required repair. One hundred fifty-six of 202 completely or incompletely injured elements (77%) required resection and suture or graft repair based on intraoperative NAPs. Neurolysis achieved greater than or equal to Grade 3 results in 42 (91%) of 46 elements with complete loss. Suture repair resulted in good outcomes in 14 (67%) of 21 and in 73 (54%) of 135 undergoing graft repairs (1 to 3.5 cm length) and presenting with complete loss. Of 91 incomplete elements, intraoperative NAPs were positive in 82 (90%) and 78 of 82 had good results. Nine had negative NAPs and six elements required suture repair. Three required grafts with results of greater than or equal to Grade 3 in five (83%) of six and two (67%) of three, respectively. Based on 118 patient results with 293 injured elements, guidelines for the management of GSWs were established as described in this paper.
Prediction and design of macromolecular structures and interactions

In this article, I summarize recent work from my group directed towards developing an improved model of intra and intermolecular interactions and applying this improved model to the prediction and design of macromolecular structures and interactions. Prediction and design applications can be of great biological interest in their own right, and also provide very stringent and objective tests which drive the improvement of the model and increases in fundamental understanding. I emphasize the results from the prediction and design tests that suggest progress is being made in high-resolution modelling, and that there is hope for reliably and accurately computing structural biology.
Voice frequency change in singers and nonsingers

Summary Trained singers and nonsingers vocally shadowed sequences of rapidly changing tones. Tone changes within the sequences were unpredictable in terms of direction and extent of frequency change. Subjects' responses to the shadowing task could be evaluated for accuracy of frequency matching, and for time and speed of voice frequency change. In addition, subjects' transitions between tones could be classified as hit, overshoot, undershoot, or oscillate. The two groups were equally accurate in matching the pitches of tones comprising the sequences. Similarly, pitch lowering was faster than pitch raising for both groups of subjects, while speeds for both lowering and raising increased with increases in size of the interval between tones. However, singers required less time than nonsingers in effecting transitions, apparently because they achieved faster peak speeds and took more direct paths between tones. Implications of the data for physiological and mechanical aspects of voice frequency control are discussed.
P53 FUNCTION INFLUENCES THE EFFECT OF FRACTIONATED RADIOTHERAPY ON GLIOBLASTOMA TUMORS

Abstract Purpose: Glioblastoma multiforme brain tumors (GM) are treated with a spectrum of fractionation regimens based on the clinical and anatomical characteristics of the tumor but rarely based on the molecular characteristics of the individual neoplasm. This study tests the hypothesis that the response of cell lines derived from GM to fractionated radiotherapy depends on the function of wild-type p53 (wt p53), a tumor suppressor gene frequently mutated in GM tumors. Methods & Materials: Isogenic derivatives of glioblastoma cells differing only in p53 function were prepared using a retroviral vector expressing a dominant negative mutant of p53 (mt p53). Radiation survival in vitro was quantitated using linear quadratic and repair-saturation mathematical models. Apoptosis was assayed by a terminal deoxynucleotide transferase-labeling technique and chromatin morphology. Results: We have previously reported the generation of isogenic GM cell lines differing only in p53 function. U87-175.4, lacking wt p53 function, had a significantly lower α/β value than U87-LUX.8, expressing functional wt p53, leading us to hypothesize that fractionated irradiation would preferentially spare GM cells harboring mt p53 compared with those expressing functional, wt p53. Survival curves following either 2.0 Gy or 3.5 Gy/fraction demonstrated that lack of functional wt p53 was associated with resistance to fractionated irradiation. Radiation-induced apoptosis could not account for the observed differences in clonogenic survival. Rather, our data suggested that a deficit in the G1-checkpoint contributed to increased resistance to fractionated irradiation of cells expressing mutant p53. Conclusions: The effect of fractionated radiotherapy in GM may depend on the function of the tumor suppressor gene p53. A potential clinical consequence of these findings is that hyperfractionation regimens may provide a therapeutic advantage specifically for tumors expressing wt p53 whereas a radiotherapy course of fewer, larger fractions may be appropriate for the treatment of tumors carrying p53 mutations. Further studies are needed to confirm our proposal that the p53 status of GM tumors can be used to guide our choice of fractionation schemes.
On the Relationship between the Mitochondrial Inner Membrane Anion Channel and the Adenine Nucleotide Translocase

The mitochondrial inner membrane anion channel (IMAC) is a transport pathway which is believed to be involved in mitochondrial volume homeostasis. The protein, however, has not been identified. In this paper, we examine the relationship between IMAC and the adenine nucleotide translocator. Many inhibitors of the adenine nucleotide translocase are shown to block IMAC, including Cibacron blue 3GA, bromcresol green, alizarin red S, agaric acid, palmitoyl-CoA, and the fluorescein derivatives erythrosin B, erythrosin isothiocyanate, rose bengal, and eosin Y. The following evidence suggests that Cibacron blue, agaric acid, and palmitoyl-CoA inhibit by binding to a common site. 1) They all only partially block the transport of small anions such as Cl-, NO3-, and HCO3-, but completely block the transport of larger anions such as malonate. 2) They decrease the IC50 values of each other in a manner consistent with competitive binding. 3) N-Ethylmaleimide decreases their IC50 values by a similar extent. 4) Inhibition by all shows no dependence on matrix pH and only a small dependence on medium pH. It is suggested that these agents may selectively bind to an open state of IMAC and inhibit by decreasing its conductance. The physiological nucleotides CoA, NAD+, NADH, NADP+, NADH, and ATP do not inhibit; in fact, IMAC is shown to transport ATP. Despite these similarities between IMAC and the adenine nucleotide translocase, IMAC appears to be a separate entity, since some of the IC50 values differ by up to 8-fold, and carboxyatracyloside, the most selective inhibitor of the adenine nucleotide translocase, has no effect on IMAC. In addition, IMAC is also able to transport AMP, while the adenine nucleotide translocase does not.
Overview of the physical oceanography report

I sincerely hope that no reader of the Physical Oceanography Report will substitute a perusal of this overview for a reading of the papers themselves. To do so would be to mistake the firefly for the fire. It is difficult enough (impossible, really) to convey a wholly accurate and complete picture of 1982–86 progress in U.S. physical oceanography by means of a small collection of review papers, substantial though they are. A short overview can only hope to mention some key themes and results, offering a limited appetizer for the subsequent feast.
Political Relationship, Internal Control Report Auditing and Auditing Firm Selection

China SOX has been issued and will implement in China public companies. Some public companies have disclose audited internal control report as China SOX requirements. There is special phenomenon: some companies have chosen one auditing firm which has performed the financial statements auditing. Some companies have chosen different auditing firm which has not perform the financial statements auditing. The paper investigates why some companies would like to choose different two auditing firms for finance statements and internal control. The results show that the political relationship of the directors and independence significantly impacts on auditing firms choosing for finance statement and internal control.
Increasing Neuroplasticity to Bolster Chronic Pain Treatment: A Role for Intermittent Fasting and Glucose Administration?

Abstract Neuroplastic changes in brain structure and function are not only a consequence of chronic pain but are involved in the maintenance of pain symptoms. Thus, promotion of adaptive, treatment-responsive neuroplasticity represents a promising clinical target. Emerging evidence about the human brain's response to an array of behavioral and environmental interventions may assist in identifying targets to facilitate increased neurobiological receptivity, promoting healthy neuroplastic changes. Specifically, strategies to maximize neuroplastic responsiveness to chronic pain treatment could enhance treatment gains by optimization of learning and positive central nervous system adaptation. Periods of heightened plasticity have been traditionally identified with the early years of development. More recent research, however, has identified a wide spectrum of methods that can be used to “reopen” and enhance plasticity and learning in adults. In addition to transcranial direct current stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation, behavioral and pharmacological interventions have been investigated. Intermittent fasting and glucose administration are two propitious strategies, that are noninvasive, inexpensive to administer, implementable in numerous settings, and might be applicable across differing chronic pain treatments. Key findings and neurophysiological mechanisms are summarized, and evidence for the potential clinical contributions of these two strategies toward ameliorating chronic pain is presented. Perspective Neuroplastic changes are a defining feature of chronic pain and a complicating factor in treatment. Noninvasive strategies to optimize the brain's response to treatment interventions might improve learning and memory, increase the positive adaptability of the central nervous system, and enhance treatment outcomes.
An Algebraic Procedure for Separating Total Reported State Milk Supplies into Grade A and Non-Grade A Components

A great deal of effort has been expended on space-product-price equilibrium studies for the milk industry in recent years. Some estimate of supplies of milk of grade A quality, as distinct from milk which is not of grade A quality, must be at hand if very precise and detailed market equilibria are to be established. A breakdown of total supplies into the two grades is not regularly reported anywhere in the statistical literature. This paper presents a simple algebraic procedure for making estimates of such supplies using data which are regularly reported.
Takin’ Care of Business: Music Business Reference

Whether supporting scholarly or more profit-driven research, librarians need to provide reference services on music business. A variety of sources support this process: music databases to which most music libraries subscribe; business databases to which their institution may already have access; specialized databases aimed at the academic and/or professional markets; free resources on the Web; and print books, directories, and periodicals. Understanding the techniques to make the most of these tools and their limitations will help librarians tackle the toughest music business reference questions.
Tables of Dimensionless Central Moments

Central moments normalized by the corresponding standard deviations raised to a power equal to the order considered are tabulated for distributions commonly encountered in structural reliability such as: 1) Normal; 2) gamma; 3) exponential; 4) chi-square; 5) extreme type I; 6) extreme type II; and 7) Weibull distributions.
Do Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Severity and Complexity of Coronary Atherosclerosis Predict Aortic Pulse Pressure during Cardiac Catheterization

Pulse pressure (PP), estimated from the peripheral blood pressure measurements, has been linked with adverse cardiovascular events. But, the association of PP and coronary artery disease is not well studied. There is a lack of data on the association of invasively measured aortic PP and cardiovascular risk factors and severity of coronary atherosclerosis. We determined the predictive factors of aortic PP during cardiac catheterization. Electronic medical records from 2010 to 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 368 patients were eligible. The data on demographics, cardiovascular risk factors, coronary lesion characteristics, and medication use was collected. On multivariable regression analysis, aging (β = 0.34, p = 0.001, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.14–0.53) and prior aspirin use (β = 5.09, p = 0.015, 95% CI 0.99–9.18) were associated with higher aortic PP. Increasing estimated glomerular filtration rate (β = − 0.52, p = 0.040, 95% CI −0.90 to −0.23) was associated with lower aortic PP. Severity and complexity of coronary lesions, SYNTAX score, and number of obstructed vessels were not associated with aortic PP. Aging, prior aspirin use, and declining renal function were associated with an increase in aortic PP. Aortic PP may not predict the severity and complexity of coronary atherosclerosis. Therefore, the risk of adverse cardiovascular events associated with an elevated aortic PP may not be mediated by the severity of coronary atherosclerosis.
CNS dysfunction in Fisher's syndrome.

We report an unusual patient who fitted the criteria for Fisher's syndrome, but early in his clinical course, before becoming areflexic, had definite evidence of limb spasticity with hyperreflexia and bilateral Babinski signs. Although MRI studies were negative, his clinical signs and evoked potentials indicated central involvement
Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Shrimp

A simple and rapid method for determining polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in shrimp is described. For sample preparation, the quick and simple QuEChERS procedure was used. Reverse-phase chromatography using an octadecyl silica (C18) column and water/acetonitrile gradient elution was used to separate analyte mixtures. After separation, PAHs were detected using liquid chromatography−tandem mass spectrometry (LC−MS/MS) equipped with the atmospheric pressure photoionization (PhotoSpray APPI) source operating in the positive-ion mode. In this methodology, all 16 common PAHs were used and toluene served as a charged dopant to efficiently ionize analyte molecules through secondary reactions. Spikes were performed at 0.2 and 1 μg/g with and without primary and secondary amine (PSA) sorbent cleanup. Recoveries of PAHs were good, with ion ratios that agreed well between the spikes and standards. Without cleanup at 0.2 μg/mL, seven compounds had relatively low recovery (49−69%) and one compound, naphthalene,...
The woman without a history.

The differential diagnosis for altered mental status (AMS) is broad and aetiological pathologies can arise from nearly all organs and body systems. Further complicating the matter, the altered patient is poorly suited to provide a comprehensive and accurate historical account. Thus, the physician must rely on collateral information, laboratories and imaging, and their own clinical suspicion. We present the case of a 75-year-old woman, found prone in her home with AMS, who was unable to provide a history. As her hospital stay evolved, we were forced to consider the entire breadth of possible causes of AMS. Eventually, the patient was found to have cerebral venous thrombosis, the significant extent of which is rarely reported. During the course of caring for the patient, we were reminded of the importance of remaining unbiased and unanchored while attempting to identify the source of the patient9s ailment.
Determination of three anions in soil by solid phase extraction ion chromatography method

A pre-treatment method and the feasibility of using ion chromatography to simultaneously detemine three anions(PO43-,Br-,NO2-) in soil was discussed.Solid phase extraction technology was used to disperse the soil samples and a determination of three anions(PO43-,Br-,NO2-) in soil by ion chromatography was developed.Seven repeat tests were determined by three anions(PO43-,Br-,NO2-) of standard and the feasibility of the method was verified.The relative standard deviation of peak area respectively were 2.02%,0.67% and 1.40%.The detection limit of three anions(PO43-,Br-,NO2-) in the soil respectively were 0.1 mg/kg,1.0 mg/kg and 1.0 mg/kg,and the average recovery respectively were 97.82%,96.35% and 97.82%.Reduced impurity determination disturbance and pollution by a certain pretreatment method,it optimized chromatographic fractionation and determination condition,accurately detected three anions(PO43-,Br-,NO2-) in soil.This method was simple,rapid and sensitivity.
Research on the Measurement of Public Health Service Manpower Costs of Chongqing

Objective To research on the costs of the time that public health service workers often spend in finishing a standard flow. Methods Random sampling was used to choose a certain amount of participants from two community sanitary service centers, two township health centers and one maternity and child health care hospital located at Jiulongpo district, Chongqing. Service standard operating procedures were used to measure the manpower cost of each public health service( health record of the urban and rural residents,health education,vaccination,health management of children under 6 years old,the pregnant women including neonatel visiting,the elderly,the disabled,the patients with high blood pressure,the patients with type Ⅱ diabetes mellitus and severely-stricken mental patients,report and processing about infectious diseases and public health emergency,cooperation with hygiene supervision,premarital examination,physical check-up of childbearing women above 35 and AIDS management and diagnosis). Results The research showed that residents per 10 thousand only needed 8. 4 general practitioners( GP) on average for 12 kinds of public health services directed at the important population in the Jiulongpo dis-trict. According to the performance evaluation indicators of basic public health service package of Jiulongpo,the number was 799 GP. According to the performance evaluation indicators of basic public health service package of Chongqing,the number was 459 GP. Completing the whole covered service project of Jiulongpo,83 GP were needed,that was 0. 76 GP per 10 thousand residents. Completing 16 items of basic public health services needs 9 GP per 10 thousand residents. The research results showed that the number of GP needed: 911 for the important population,83 for the whole population and 994 while offering the 16 kinds of public health services. According to the proportion of each type of population in the whole,the proportions of the number of GP needed in each service were: 40( files),23( high blood pressure),9( diabetes),10( the elderly),1( the disabled),1( mental patients),1( children vaccination),1( premarital examination),2( children health care),7( childbearing women above 35) and 2( pregnant women). The proportion of the number of GP for the important population and the whole population was 10∶ 1. Conclusion The medical staff number can not meet the needs of the basic public health service project of Jiulongpo. So the administrative department of public health needs to increase the staffing number,in order to guarantee the basic public health services.
Strategic planning for clinical services: the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute.

A formal, hospitalwide strategic-planning process provides structure for the pharmacy's plans for implementing clinical services. The state-supported clinical cancer and research center began a formal strategic-planning process in 1981. The institution's planning report, prepared every two years and covering three two-year periods, drives the institution's budget through the state's biennial budget process. The report focuses on each department's responsibilities, areas of service, and relationship to the mission of the institution. Through the long-range planning process, upper-level administrators learned that pharmacy was eager not only to provide high-volume drug distribution services but also to assume direct patient-care and research responsibilities. This prompted an organizational change for pharmacy from a hospital department to a clinical division. The division of pharmacy now consists of three professional departments (patient care, pharmacy research, and pharmacy academic programs) and an administrative support service area. Services offered by each of the three departments are discussed, along with specific initiatives planned for the years 1987-1993. Within the next few years, all managers will come from the ranks of clinical practitioners; nonpharmacists will oversee financial and human resource functions. The division encourages existing pharmacy staff members to enhance their clinical skills through staff development programs. Strategic planning serves the dual purposes of structuring plans for implementing clinical pharmacy services and communicating pharmacy's goals within the institution.