cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Left Ventricular Noncompaction Cardiomyopathy and Aortopathy in a Patient With Recessive Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa

Both epidermolysis bullosa (EB) and nonischemic cardiomyopathy (CM) are rare clinical entities. An association between EB and dilated CM (DCM) has been appreciated for at least 25 years, but a common mechanism of disease has not emerged.1 In this report, we present a patient with EB and left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC), a newly recognized type of CM.2 EB is a broad group of diseases characterized by skin fragility and blistering. Dystrophic EB occurs as either a dominantly or recessively inherited (RDEB) type, with scarring and blistering in the sublamina densa layer of the skin. DCM has been described in several patients with RDEB,1 but the relationship between these conditions has not been understood. For this reason, RDEB patients at our EB Center are screened yearly with echocardiograms. Outcomes for patients with RDEB are generally determined by comorbidities, and treatment currently focuses on symptomatic management; however, active areas of research include gene, protein, and stem cell therapies. There …
Performance enhancement of radio frequency identification (RFID) using spread spectrum technology

We are currently investigating technical aspects of Spread-Spectrum RFID (SS-RFID). The architecture of SS- RFID is proposed and discussed. The technical advantages of using spread spectrum technology to enhance RFID performance and to reduce interference are detailed. Some of relevant simulation results are presented.
Executive Function Deficits in Daily Life Prospectively Predict Increases in Depressive Symptoms

Executive function (EF) deficits are associated with depression. Given that few prospective studies have been conducted, it is unclear whether deficits contribute to depression or result from it. The present study examined whether self-reported EF prospectively predicted worsening of depression symptoms. Time 1 (T1) shifting, inhibition, and working memory (WM) were assessed in relation to T1 and time 2 (T2) depressive symptoms in participants pre-selected to range in risk for depression. Analyses indicated that poorer EF at T1 predicted increases in depressive symptoms and furthermore that this relationship was specific to WM. In contrast, a bidirectional relationship was not evident, as depressive symptoms did not prospectively predict changes in EF. Finally, T1 EF accounted for T2 depressive symptoms beyond two well established predictors of depression: depressive symptoms at T1 and rumination at T2. These findings suggest that EF deficits play an active role in depression onset, maintenance, and/or recurrence.
Erbium Doped Silicon for Light Emitting Devices

We report on the excitation and de-excitation processes of erbium implanted in silicon and the integration of Si.Er light emitting devices (LED) with standard CMOS technology. We find two de-excitation processes, an Auger process below 100 K and a phonon mediated energy backtransfer above 100 K. We present the first optical voice link with a silicon LED as the emitter. Optical transmission system performance with our LED is possible below 200 K.
Characterization of lignosulfonate‐modified hydrated lime powders

Lignosulfonate-modified hydrated lime powders are known to have increased reactivity when utilized for SO[sub 2] removal in flue gas. This enhancement is attributed to a lower degree of agglomeration and smaller primary crystal sizes of the modified hydrates. SEM micrographs show that the lignosulfonate alters the nucleation and growth process of hydrates in water and reduces the tendency to form agglomerates. BET nitrogen adsorption measurements and room-temperature carbonation reaction experiments correlate the effect of lignosulfonate on the final surface area. Studies have shown that calcium hydrates precipitated in the presence of lignosulfonate salts have 15--20% more reactivity to sulfate compared to the unmodified hydrates. Results show an optimum powder reactivity at approximately 1.5 wt. % calcium lignosulfonate. The increased reactivity is thought to be due to a decrease in the primary particle size combined with a decrease in the tendency to agglomerate. This study uses electron optics to characterize the hydrated lime powders which are formed in the presence of lignosulfonate salts. Discussion will concentrate on the crystal morphology and agglomeration tendency of the powders. Experimental results are interpreted in terms of crystal nucleation and growth plus steric effects between crystals. Additionally, the results are shown to support one ofmore » the mechanisms previously proposed.« less
Visualizing Particle/Flow Structure Interactions in the Small Bronchial Tubes

Particle deposition in the small bronchial tubes (generations six through twelve) is strongly influenced by the vortex-dominated secondary flows that are induced by axial curvature of the tubes. In this paper, we employ particle destination maps in conjunction with two-dimensional, finite-time Lyapunov exponent maps to illustrate how the trajectories of finite-mass particles are influenced by the presence of vortices. We consider two three-generation bronchial tube models: a planar, asymmetric geometry and a non-planar, asymmetric geometry. Our visualizations demonstrate that these techniques, coupled with judiciously seeded particle trajectories, are effective tools for studying particle/flow structure interactions.
Recent Developments in Renewable Technologies: R&D Investment in Advanced Biofuels

Investment in renewable energy, both in research and development and in commercial production, has risen significantly during the current decade. Although a variety of different renewable sources have been targeted for expansion, biomass technologies, especially those for converting biomass to liquid biofuels for transportation, have cornered a large share of the new investments. Cutting-edge knowledge in genomics and biotechnology, process chemistry, and engineering is being applied to produce new types of energy feedstock and process them into novel biofuels. If these investments bear fruit, liquid biofuels have the potential to displace a substantial amount of oil over the next few decades, with limited negative impact on food supply and the natural habitat. Energy-security and food-security constraints and environmental considerations will determine which technologies emerge as winners. The search for new transportation fuels is also giving rise to the development of new paradigms in innovation, commercialization, and regulation.
Simulation and Sensitivity in a Nested Modeling System for South America. Part II: GCM Boundary Forcing

Abstract A regional climate model driven at the lateral boundaries by ensemble integrations of a general circulation model (GCM) is used to investigate 1) the large-scale circulation anomalies associated with tropical sea surface temperatures (SSTs) that lead to extreme rainfall anomalies during January–May of 1983 (dry) and 1985 (wet) in tropical South America, and 2) the sensitivity of the nested model results to the choice of domain. The nested model is composed of the Regional Climate Model (RegCM) and the Community Climate Model version 3 (CCM3), both developed at the National Center for Atmospheric Research. In Part I of this study, the RegCM's ability to simulate circulation and rainfall observed in the two extreme seasons was demonstrated when driven at the lateral boundaries by reanalyzed forcing. Seasonal integrations with the RegCM driven by GCM ensemble–derived lateral boundary forcing demonstrate that the nested model responds well to the SST forcing, by capturing the major features of the ci...
Steady-state and non-steady-state measurements of plasma glutamine turnover in humans

To compare steady-state glutamine turnover using nitrogen, carbon, and hydrogen tracers and to test the validity of monocompartmental equations to determine plasma glutamine turnover under non-stea...
Characterization of embrittlement temperature of asphalt materials through implementation of acoustic emission technique

Abstract The present study focuses on the application of an acoustic emission (AE) based laboratory test to evaluate low-temperature cracking performance of several types of asphalt materials in the context of a recently completed national pooled fund study on low-temperature cracking (LTC). Comparisons are made between AE test results and the critical cracking temperature of asphalt binders determined from Bending Beam Rheometer (BBR) test and Direct Tension Test (DTT), which are in turn compared to field observed thermal cracking in the corresponding test sections. Based upon our findings, recommendations are made as to the potential use of the AE-based technique in asphalt binder specification.
From Endocrine Disruptors To Nanomaterials: Advancing Our Understanding Of Environmental Health To Protect Public Health

Environmental health science is the study of the impact of the environment on human health. This paper introduces basic topics in environmental health, including clean air, clean water, and healthful food, as well as a range of current issues and controversies in environmental health. Conceptual shifts in modern toxicology have changed the field. There is a new understanding of the effects of exposure to chemicals at low doses, and in combination, and the impact on human growth and development. Other emerging topics include the role of epigenetics, or changes in genes and gene expression that can be brought about by chemical exposure; environmental justice; and potential effects of engineered nanomaterials and climate change. We review the important implications for public health policy and recommend a broad environmental health research strategy aimed at protecting and improving human health.
Electron-doped Sr 2 IrO 4 − δ ( 0 ≤ δ ≤ 0.04 ) : Evolution of a disordered J eff = 1 2 Mott insulator into an exotic metallic state

Stoichiometric ${\text{Sr}}_{2}{\text{IrO}}_{4}$ is a ferromagnetic ${J}_{\text{eff}}=\frac{1}{2}$ Mott insulator driven by strong spin-orbit coupling. Introduction of very dilute oxygen vacancies into single-crystal ${\text{Sr}}_{2}{\text{IrO}}_{4\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\delta}}$ with $\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\le}0.04$ leads to significant changes in lattice parameters and an insulator-to-metal transition at ${T}_{\text{MI}}=105\text{ }\text{K}$. The highly anisotropic electrical resistivity of the low-temperature metallic state for $\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\approx}0.04$ exhibits anomalous properties characterized by non-Ohmic behavior and an abrupt current-induced transition in the resistivity at ${T}^{\ensuremath{\ast}}=52\text{ }\text{K}$, which separates two regimes of resistive switching in the nonlinear $I\text{\ensuremath{-}}V$ characteristics. The novel behavior illustrates an exotic ground state and constitutes a new paradigm for devices structures in which electrical resistivity is manipulated via low-level current densities $\ensuremath{\sim}10\text{ }\text{mA}/{\text{cm}}^{2}$ (compared to higher spin-torque currents $\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{7}--{10}^{8}\text{ }\text{A}/{\text{cm}}^{2}$) or magnetic inductions $\ensuremath{\sim}0.1--1.0\text{ }\text{T}$.
Drug instrumentalization and evolution: Going even further.

Muller & Schumann (M&S) deserve applause for their interdisciplinary examination of drug use, evolution, and learning. Further steps can deepen their evolutionary analysis: a focus on adaptive benefits, a distinction between approach and consummatory behaviors, an examination of how drugs can create adaptive lag through changing human niche construction, the importance of other neurobehavioral mechanisms in drug use besides instrumentalization, and the importance of sociocultural dynamics and neural plasticity in both human evolution and drug use.
Urban House Types As A Research Focus In Historical Geography

Historical geographers have begun to explore urban dwellings as valuable artifacts. These vary in character according to location, age, form, style, original purpose, size, and spacing. Style and form indicate the approximate age of buildings. Original purpose, the size, and spacing of dwellings indicate the relative prosperity or social status of the first inhabitants. The status of a building's earliest residents is also reflected by the presence or absence of a once-fashionable facade.
Oral History in the Americas

There was a period when the historical craft in Latin America was based primarily on oral sources. In the sixteenth century, Iberian chroniclers, conquerors, and priests sought to reconstruct the indigenous past to gain knowledge useful for colonization and conversion. Although their aims were not scholarly, these Europeans recorded much history based on oral testimonies from survivors of the large civilizations of Mexico, Central America, and the Andes. In particular, they collected information about social, economic, and religious traditions. The classic example is Bernardino de Sahaguin's Historia general de las cosas de la Nueva Espana, first published in 1665. A Franciscan friar, Sahaguin relied primarily on the accounts of numerous indigenous informants, which he transcribed in the original Nahuatl language and then translated into Spanish. There is also a rich literature on the conquest and colonization that, although colored by the cultural assumptions of sixteenth-century Europeans, provides important information about the major Indian civilizations. Representative examples are Bernal Diaz del Castillo's Historia verdadera de la conquista de la Nueva Espana (1568) and Pedro Cieza de Leon's Crdnica delPerfi (1553). Oral history, during the colonial era, was primarily an instrument of colonization, a transitional tool used by Europeans while they created their own records and traditions.1 In the nineteenth century, the descendants of the original colonizers, now prominent revolutionary leaders of new Latin American nations, used oral testimonies to build national identity and history. They sought to justify their break from the colonial past and to rationalize their position of leadership by developing histories that relied heavily on interviews with leaders of the independence movement in the first
Controlling activity and selectivity using water in the Au-catalysed preferential oxidation of CO in H2

The preferential oxidation of CO is a potentially efficient means of purifying industrial hydrogen, however, no catalytic systems are known with sufficiently high activity and selectivity. Now Au/Al2O3 catalysts are shown to have outstanding activity and selectivity when both the feed flow-rate and the amount of surface water are carefully controlled.
The role of CD4 and CD8 T cells in MHV-JHM-induced demyelination.

Demyelination following central nervous system (CNS) infection with the neurotropic Coronavirus, mouse hepatitis virus, strain JHM (MHV-JHM) has been shown to be dependent on the immune response of the host (Perlman, 1998). Although controversial, both CD4 and CD8 T cells are thought to contribute to demyelination (Perlman, 1998). However, the mechanisms by which each T cell subset contributes to demyelination remains unknown. To address this issue, the following questions were raised. First, what is the magnitude of the T cell response during immune-mediated demyelination? Second, what is the timing of the immune response leading to demyelination? Third, what are the roles of CD4 and CD8 T cells — in particular virus-specific T cells — during MHV-JHM-induced demyelination? In order to address these questions, a previously described adoptive transfer system (Wu and Perlman, 1999) was utilized to measure the quantity of virus-specific T cells during the process of immune-mediated demyelination. Furthermore, the individual contributions of CD4 or CD8 T cells to MHV-JHM-induced demyelinating disease were determined by depletion studies.
How Does Failure Spread Across Broker-Dealers and Dealer Banks?

We empirically test for the presence of two types of financial contagion across large broker-dealers and dealer banks during the crisis of 2007-2009: the type based on the idea that market illiquidity mediates the spread of distress from one dealer to others, or, “liquidity contagion”, and the type based on the idea that one dealer’s distress directly undermines the franchise value of others, or, “franchise value contagion”. We test for the two types of contagion against the null hypothesis that correlation in dealer-distress during the crisis was only due to an observable common shock to the real estate assets that triggered the crisis. We find evidence that prior to the Federal Reserve and Treasury market interventions in the Fall of 2008, both types of contagion were present. Franchise-value contagion, however, dominates, accounting for 95% of all contagion. Furthermore, unlike liquidity contagion which disappears after the interventions are in place, franchise-value contagion remains.
FINITE ELEMENT CALCULATION AND ANALYSIS ON THE COLUMN-SHAPED FLEX SPLINE OF HARMONIC DRIVE

The calculation of the flexspline stress, which is based on the simplified theory of the column-shaped shell, is to some degree not very accurate. So the fracture of the ring gear in column-shaped flexspline in reality has always remained a problem hard to solve. The column-shaped flexspline at harmonic drive is taken as an example here, and a model imitation of the engaged flexspline is set up. A surface-to-surface contact element is set up between the nodes on the contact surface of the engaged gears. Applying the finite element calculation of 3-D elastic contact problems, a thorough calculative and analysis is done in terms of the stress and its distribution of the bearing flexspline ring gear and the column, of the deformation of the gears tooth and the effect. The main reason of the flexspline fracture in the design phase has been found out, and the position possible dangerous section is predicted. According to the flexspline theory, a calculation with above result is conducted again the effect coefficient of the gear tooth is revised, and the flexspoine strength is double checked. In general compared the theoretical calculation to the actual fracture, a more close-to-the-reality result is reached, in addition, a more accurate, efficient method for solving flexspline problem is offered.
Political Science Offered and Developed as a Course in America

Though it originated from Europe,American political science is different from the tradition which sets great store by philosophy and logical inference and which emphasizes the use of regular historical methods.American political science lays stress on taking its own road and vigorously advocates researching into new knowledge by applying scientific methods,thus establishing its position as a leading discipline in the world.As a result,America has become the general headquarters where political science is studied.This paper introduces the major disciplines closely related to American political science,the importance of learning it,its classroom content,as well as the employment prospects of political science majors in America,which is of illuminating significance for studies of the political science classroom in our country.
Comparison of estimated number of schistosomiasis cases by using two types of samples

Objective To obtain more accurate estimated number of schistosomiasis cases in Wuhan.Methods Setting "historical cumulative number of new cases" as the volumetric variable,adopting stratified cluster sampling and probability proportional to size sampling(PPS).Collecting 46 villages as samples from 265 "Type Four Villages" of schistosomiasis cases in Wuhan,and with all "Type Three Villages"(total 44),the total number of villages of schistosomiasis for sampling was 90(referred as "City Sample Village").For Hubei Province,adopting stratified cluster sampling,allocating in Wuhan with 22 sample villages of schistosomiasis(referred as "Provincial Sample Village").For the above villagers,feces examination was performed for those who were positive in blood tests;schistosomiasis infection rate and number in each district were calculated,and the reasoning number of schistosomiasis cases in Wuhan was summed up,and the results of the two types of samples were compared.Results There were 2 811 schistosomiasis cases in total in "City Sample Village"(464 in "Type Three Villages",and 1 994 in "Type Four Villages"),and there were 2 344 schistosomiasis cases in total in "Provincial Sample Village"(482 in "Type Three Villages",and 1 509 in "Type Four Villages").The constituent ratio of schistosomiasis cases in "Type Three Villages" and "Type Four Villages" of the sampling results had statistical significance(χ2=18.68,P=0.000).Conclusions Based on "accumulated cases of patients",using probability proportional method to size sampling could be more efficient,and the estimated number of schistosomiasis cases could be more accurate.It had certain degree of guiding significance in the survey of schistosomiasis in low endemic area.
Increased 4R-Tau Induces Pathological Changes in a Human-Tau Mouse Model

Pathological evidence for selective four-repeat (4R) tau deposition in certain dementias and exon 10-positioned MAPT mutations together suggest a 4R-specific role in causing disease. However, direct assessments of 4R toxicity have not yet been accomplished in vivo. Increasing 4R-tau expression without change to total tau in human tau-expressing mice induced more severe seizures and nesting behavior abnormality, increased tau phosphorylation, and produced a shift toward oligomeric tau. Exon 10 skipping could also be accomplished in vivo, providing support for a 4R-tau targeted approach to target 4R-tau toxicity and, in cases of primary MAPT mutation, eliminate the disease-causing mutation.
Preventing Crime and Violence Through Communities that Care

The author, among others, has developed a system that empowers communities to organise themselves to engage in outcome focused prevention planning. This system for prevention planning using the tools of prevention science is Communities That Care (CTC). In a collaborative US project 22 reliable and valid archival indicators of 12 major risk factors that predict rates of adolescent drug use at the county level were found. This collaborative project has also developed a validated school survey that measures risk, protection, delinquency and drug use outcomes reliably across states and ethnic groups. It allows a diagnosis of risk and protection levels in any geographical area, from a state to a neighbourhood. With these tools, communities can organise themselves to engage in outcome focused prevention planning, objectively assess their own profiles of risk and protection, and choose and implement effective strategies to address their unique strengths and needs. In Europe CTC has been currently introduced in England and Wales, Scotland and in the Netherlands.
Causation of Drowning Accidents in Relation to Training

The prevention of drowning among divers depends largely upon their training because a large proportion of those who drown have been found to be diving beyond their competency.
RECOVERING THE DATA FROM THE TRANSFORMATION MATRIX

Publisher Summary This chapter elaborates the recovery of the data from the transformation matrix. Most of the affine and projective transformations have fixed points, and fixed directions, values that are left invariant by the transformation. The fixed values show up as eigenvectors of the transformation matrix. The data one seeks to extract often are simply eigenvectors of the transformation matrix. It is found that if one defines a plane by a point, and a unit vector, the point is not unique. Usually, this point is an eigenvector of the transformation matrix relative to some fixed eigenvalue. It is found that if one do not specify further, then any such eigenvector will suffice. One requires a unit eigenvector corresponding to some eigenvalue β. Such an eigenvector is found readily by computing any eigenvector v corresponding to the eigenvalue β, and then normalizing its length to one, since, by linearity, if v is an eigenvector corresponding to the eigenvalue β, then cv also is an eigenvector corresponding to the eigenvalue β.
Die Verwendung des Turbokompressors als Kältemaschine

Der Turbokompressor hat sich als ein zweckmasiges Mittel zur Verdichtung groser Gasmengen auf masige Enddrucke erwiesen und hat seiner Vorzuge wegen weite Verbreitung gefunden. Einfacher Aufbau, olfreies Gas, geringe Grundflache und einfache Bedienung sind einige dieser Vorzuge, sie legen den Gedanken nahe, diese rotierenden Verdichter auch bei Kalteanlagen einzufuhren.
A Statistical Analysis of Hillsdale Lake Data

In this paper we provide a proper statistical analysis of Hillsdale lake (in the suburb of Kansas city in USA) data and propose an estimate of good water clarity level with a desired level of confidence.AMS (2000} Subject Classification: 62-07.
On the universality of lattice codes for a class of ergodic fading channels

One of the main challenges of communication in the absence of transmitter channel knowledge is codebook universality, i.e., the existence of a single codebook that guarantees a given rate for all channel states. We address this problem for a class of ergodic fading multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels, whose fading distribution is not necessarily isotropic. It is shown that a universal codebook drawn from a nested lattice code achieves the ergodic capacity to within a constant gap. Interestingly, the gap vanishes in some scenarios.
Security of IoT Devices

The network of home devices is the concept of establishing a web of connections using SMART devices in the household. These devices, a part of the Internet of Things (IoT), have expanded the idea o...
The impact of co-occurring opioid misuse and PTSD on response inhibition

Abstract Background Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and opioid misuse are commonly co-occurring disorders. Both disorders are associated with deficits in response inhibition; however, these associations have not considered their comorbidity. Response inhibition has not been examined in a sample with comorbid PTSD and opioid misuse. The present study examined the effect of PTSD symptom severity on response inhibition in current and past opioid misusers. Methods Participants were currently (used within the last month) misusing opioids (56.6%) or in recovery (43.4%). All participants met DSM 5 criteria for PTSD. Response inhibition was measured with the stop signal task. Results Response inhibition was associated with increased PTSD symptom severity for those in recovery but not among current users. Additionally, across both groups, there were deficits in response inhibition when withholding automatic responses for a threatening stimulus compared to a neutral stimulus. Conclusions PTSD Symptoms may exert a stronger effect on response inhibition among those in recovery as opposed to those who are actively using opioids.
Future Avenues of Research Synthesis for Evidence-Based Clinical Decision Making

Evidence-based clinical decision making in health care described in this book pertains thus far to dentistry, medicine, and nursing. It is to be expected that these concepts will expand into related health care fields such as clinical psychology, social work, dental hygiene, and that even the roles of the physician assistant and the nursing assistant will be favored by the incorporation of the best available evidence. Further, evidence-based decisions must increasingly incorporate considerations and analyses of cost– and risk–benefit ratio, traditionally the realm of comparative effectiveness research. The common thread among all will certainly remain the reliance of the clinical decision-making process on the best available evidence, which results from the process of research synthesis. Therefore, future avenues in the field will depend largely on future developments in research synthesis.
Methodology III: Systematic Evaluation of the Statistical Analysis: Data Analysis in Research Synthesis

This chapter presents the elements for a systematic evaluation of the statistical analysis (SESTA), which together serve to identify the fundamental flaws and weaknesses of the data analysis aspect of the study. Having established the strengths and limitations of the design, methodology (cf., Chaps. 4 and 5), and SESTA (this chapter) for each of the studies in a research synthesis, and when the data are appropriately presented, meta-analysis provides the tool and the process for an overarching statistical analysis of the outcomes. Meta-analysis, in and of itself, is a complex statistical analysis protocol, which rests on several stringent assumptions discussed in this chapter. To verify and establish the validity of meta-analytical protocols, certain research checklists have been developed, such as the QUORUM and more recently the more extensive PRISMA, as first introduced in the preceding chapter. The interpretation of meta-analyses depends to a large extent upon which inference model is adopted. This chapter presents the principal meta-analytical inference models used in comparative efficacy and effectiveness research and analysis for practice (CEERAP), including the random model, the fixed effect model, and the quality effects model. This chapter concludes the discussion of data analysis in research synthesis design by emphasizing the important distinction between aggregate (i.e., group) patient data analysis and meta-analysis, in contrast to individual patient data analysis and meta-analysis.
Discussion on Hydén’s Paper

Robert E. Bowman, Psychology Department University of Wisconsin, Madison: I have two comments to make on Professor Hyden’s work. First, it is gratifying to note that in two recent experiments he has included appropriate behavioral control groups to establish some of the critical variables associated with the biochemical differences he observes. In both of these experiments, the biochemical changes appear not to be associated with learning per se. One of these studies is the sensory conditioning research described by Professor Hyden, in which the CS stimulation alone appeared to be sufficient to produce the biochemical effect. The second study—which Professor Hyden did not mention in his presentation—was one which he did on planaria in collaboration with Dr. E. Roy John (Hyden et al., 1969). In that study, planaria which were classically conditioned to light-cathodal shock pairings exhibited changes in RNA base ratios when compared to non-conditioned controls. However, many of the same RNA changes were also seen in pseudo-conditioned controls and were thus not clearly related to learning. These studies illustrate the behavioral care necessary in order to associate biochemical changes with learning itself, and raise the possibility that in other studies reported by Hyden, the observed biochemistry may not be due specifically to learning or memory consolidation. Both Hyden’s wire climbing studies (Hyden and Egyhazi, 1962) and his handedness reversal studies (Hyden and Egyhazi, 1964) need to be reinvestigated in this respect with more adequate control groups.
Properties and structures of R2−xAxCuO4 phases: R = La, Pr and Nd; A = Sr, Pb and Cd

The R/sub 2/CuO/sub 4/ phases for R = Pr and Nd were prepared and found to be semiconducting as previously reported. Crystal structures of both compounds were examined by a profile refinements of neutron powder diffraction data. A series of phases of the type R/sub 2-chi/Sr/sub chi/CuO/sub 4/ which are isostructural with R/sub 2/CuO/sub 4/ for chi up to 0.1 were prepared and found to remain semiconducting. Chemical analysis indicates the presence of Cu/sup III/, yet these materials are not superconducting. This supports the view that R/sub 2/CuO/sub 4/ phases should be regarded as Mott insulators. A new series of phases possessing the tetragonal K/sub 2/NiF/sub 4/ structure appear in the Pr/sub 2-z/Sr/sub chi/CuO/sub 4/ system for 1.0{le} chi {le} 1.25. The new phases are semiconducting. The authors also find semiconductivity and not superconductivity for La/sub 2-chi/A/sub chi/CuO/sub 4/ where A is Pb or Cd. Reasons are discussed for why Ga, Sr, Ca and Na substitutions into La/sub 2/CuO/sub 4/ lead to superconductivity whereas the Pb and Cd substitutions do not.
Wind Load Data for Reliability Based Transmission Line Design

ABSTRACT Reliability based procedures for the design of transmission line towers should provide economical structures which have comparable safety to those currently in use. An adequate design procedure requires knowledge of the response of the tower to loads applied to the tower by the wind and the conductors. Both wind loadings and conductor loadings applied to the tower are random processes which may be stationary or nonstationary. Measures of the tower response are also random processes. This paper outlines a methodology in which the loads and measures of tower response are modeled as time series. By use of the time series models of tower loads and tower response, the transfer function, relating loads to response in the frequency domain, can be readily estimated.
Racial/ethnic disparities in prevalence, treatment, and control of hypertension among US adults following application of the 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guideline.

Abstract The 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults recommends reduced systolic/diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP) cutoffs to define hypertension (i.e., by changing these from ≥140/90 to ≥130/80 mmHg), including new recommendations about indications and goals of antihypertensive treatment. This study reported the differences in age-adjusted prevalence and treatment status of hypertension according to race among US adults per the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–16 data was analyzed. The main outcomes were age-adjusted prevalence and treatment status of hypertension among adults aged ≥20 years. After prevalence estimation, other proportions were obtained. The analysis included 16,103 adults (mean age: 47.6 years, 51.8% women). The age-adjusted proportions of adults with hypertension (59.0%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 57.4%–60.6%), treatment-eligible for hypertension (49.3%, 95% CI: 47.7%–50.8%), and unmet treatment goals (63.8%, 95% CI: 60.0%–67.5%) among the treated were highest among non-Hispanic blacks. A large proportion of Mexican-Americans (46.5%, 95% CI: 42.0%–51.0%) and people of other races/ethnicities (49.3%, 95% CI: 45.5%–53.0%) were not receiving treatment despite having indication. Non-Hispanic blacks also had the highest prevalence of stage 2 hypertension. Among all races, prevalence, treatment-eligibility, and unmet treatment goals were higher among people with older age, male gender, diabetes, higher body weight, and higher cardiovascular disease risk while the majority of younger, lower/normal body weight, or non-diabetic people were untreated despite being eligible for treatment. The prevalence, treatment-eligibility, and unmet goals were substantially higher among non-Hispanic blacks. Moreover, disparities exist in treatment where Mexican-Americans and people of ‘other races/ethnicities’ were largely untreated despite having indication.
Perceptions of Pregnancy and Lactation from the Pregnancy and Lactation Autoimmune Network Registry.

Objective The Pregnancy and Lactation Autoimmune Network (PLAN) registry was established to evaluate the concerns of women with autoimmune or inflammatory rheumatic diseases (AIRD) pertaining to pregnancy and lactation. Methods The registry was started as a survey of AIRD patients at a single rheumatology specialty center in November 2016 and included questions regarding fertility, pregnancy, miscarriages, and lactation before and after diagnosis. Results The study included 154 subjects from the PLAN registry. More than half (52%) of respondents indicated that their diagnosis negatively changed their views on pregnancy and nearly a third (30%) decided not to have children after AIRD diagnosis. Most (66%) women were concerned that medication use during the childbearing process would affect the baby. One-third (34%) indicated their views on breastfeeding negatively changed as a result of their disease diagnosis. The rates and duration of breastfeeding did not differ significantly for babies born before or after the mothers’ diagnosis (P=0.50, P=0.21, respectively). Eighteen women in our study forewent breastfeeding or stopped breastfeeding earlier than planned to start a medication (including etanercept, adalimumab, hydroxychloroquine, and certolizumab) they believed to be contraindicated during lactation. The PLAN registry included nineteen women who breastfed twenty-one babies while being exposed to a DMARD or biologic. None of these 19 women reported a delay in their children’s developmental milestones or higher infection rates. Conclusion This study highlights an unmet need in patients with AIRDs of childbearing potential for data and education regarding pregnancy and lactation.
Predicting depressive symptoms and weight from adolescence to adulthood: stressors and the role of protective factors

Depressive symptoms and weight gain follow similar developmental trajectories from adolescence to adulthood and stressors are a risk factor for both. However, less is known about whether they share protective factors that reduce the risk for depressive symptoms and weight gain. The goal of the current study was to examine the role of stress and four protective factors (social support, self-esteem, physical activity, and sedentary behavior) as predictors of depressive symptoms and body mass index over time. Participating in the current study were 6504 (51.6 % female; 60.7 % European American, 22.5 % African American, 11.4 % Hispanic, 3.3 % Asian American, and 2 % other ethnicities) adolescents from the National Study of Adolescent and Adult Health. Participants were followed for three waves from adolescence to young adulthood (Wave I age range = 12–18; Wave III age range = 18–26). Data were analyzed using multi-level modeling and results showed that stressors significantly predicted trajectories of depressive symptoms and body mass index over time. Social support buffered the effects of stressors on BMI over time. Self-esteem influenced trajectories of both BMI and depressive symptoms. Differential effects were found for physical activity with physical activity predicting declines in depressive symptoms and sedentary behavior predicting declines in BMI over time. The current study suggests that stress is a common risk factor for depressive symptoms and weight gain, but that there is specificity in how the protective factors influence each type of outcome.
Exotic diseases. Ounce of prevention or pound of cure

With the growth of international travel, exotic diseases have assumed increasing importance to the physician. They can be effectively prevented by the use of commonsense measures. The physician should be prepared to offer advice on food, drink, and use of prophylactid drugs and to give needed immunizations to patients planning to travel. The biggest pitfall in diagnosis of exotic disease is failure to connect a history of travel with the signs and symptoms. An answer to the simple question, "Where have you been?" should arouse suspicion of the correct diagnosis.
Bandwidth extension of narrowband-signal intensity calculation using additive, low-level broadband noise.

Calculation of acoustic intensity using the phase and amplitude gradient estimator (PAGE) method has been shown to increase the effective upper frequency limit beyond the traditional p-p method when the source of interest is broadband in frequency [Torrie, Whiting, Gee, Neilsen, and Sommerfeldt, Proc. Mtgs. Acoust. 23, 030005 (2015)]. PAGE processing calculates intensity for narrowband sources without bias error up to the spatial Nyquist frequency [Succo, Sommerfeldt, Gee, and Neilsen, Proc. Mtgs. Acoust. 30, 030015 (2018)]. The present work demonstrates that for narrowband sources with frequency content above the spatial Nyquist frequency, additive low-level broadband noise can improve intensity calculations. To be effective, the angular separation between the source and additive noise source should be less than 30 °, while using phase unwrapping with a smaller angular separation will increase the usable bandwidth. The upper frequency limit for the bandwidth extension depends on angular separation, sound speed, and probe microphone spacing. Assuming the signal-to-additive-noise ratio ( SNR a) is larger than 10 dB, the maximum level and angular bias errors incurred by the additive broadband noise beneath the frequency limit—or up until probe scattering effects must be taken into account—are less than 0.5 dB and 2.5 °, respectively. Smaller angular separation yields smaller bias errors.
Canonical Wnt Signaling Sets the Pace

In this issue of Developmental Cell, Ren et al. (2019) identify the embryonic origin of cardiac pacemaker cells in zebrafish and implicate Wnt5b in promoting their differentiation. Furthermore, canonical Wnt activation in human stem cell-derived cardiac progenitors produces functional pacemaker cells in vitro, advancing the therapeutic potential of biological pacemakers.
The potential SARS-CoV-2 entry inhibitor

Outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) occurred in Wuhan and has rapidly spread to almost all parts of world. In coronaviruses, the receptor binding domain (RBD) in the distal part of S1 subunit of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein can directly bind to angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). RBD promote viral entry into the host cells and is an important therapeutic target. In this study, we discovered that theaflavin showed the lower idock score (idock score: −7.95 kcal/mol). To confirm the result, we discovered that theaflavin showed FullFitness score of -991.21 kcal/mol and estimated ΔG of -8.53 kcal/mol for the most favorable interaction with contact area of SARS-CoV-2 RBD by SwissDock service. Regarding contact modes, hydrophobic interactions contribute significantly in binding and additional hydrogen bonds were formed between theaflavin and Arg454, Phe456, Asn460, Cys480, Gln493, Asn501 and Val503 of SARS-CoV-2 RBD, near the direct contact area with ACE2. Our results suggest that theaflavin could be the candidate of SARS-CoV-2 entry inhibitor for further study.
Two-phase flow characterization in PEM fuel cells using machine learning

Abstract This work presents a novel application of machine learning to identify the two-phase flow pressure drop in a flow channel of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell. Liquid water management and flow-field design remain critical areas of research for many technologies including PEM fuel cells which are focused on in this work. Liquid water buildup in reactant flow channels can lead to parasitic pressure drop and performance degradation. To correlate liquid water distribution with a two-phase flow pressure drop, this work trains various machine learning models using images of water slugs in a flow channel to predict the pressure drop range. An ex-situ experimental setup was designed consisting of a single transparent PEM fuel cell channel with gas flow supplied by compressed air and liquid water production simulated using a digital injector feeding the gas diffusion layer side. A CCD camera monitored the liquid distribution from above while liquid–gas two-phase flow pressure drop was measured across the channel. Images were post-processed and used as input data to three machine learning models: Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machine and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) to classify the images into three pressure classes: (i) pressure drop less than 15 Pa, (ii) pressure drop between 15 and 30 Pa, and (iii) pressure drop greater than 30 Pa. The performance comparison of machine learning models is reported using the confusion matrices and classification accuracy. ANN performed best for this application and resulted in 95% accuracy on both train and test datasets. This approach can be utilized to predict the pressure drop values in the flow channels of PEM fuel cells based on liquid water content distribution along the channel.
Endoscopic ultrasound acquired portal venous circulating tumor cells predict progression free survival and overall survival in patients with pancreaticobiliary cancers.

Abstract Background and aims Despite recent advances, patients with pancreaticobiliary cancers have a poor prognosis. We previously demonstrated the efficacy of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) guided acquisition of portal vein (PV) blood for enumeration of circulating tumor cells (CTCs). The aim of this study was to assess PV-CTCs as potential biomarkers for the assessment of progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with pancreaticobiliary cancers. Methods 17 patients with biopsy-proven pancreaticobiliary malignancy were enrolled. CTCs were enumerated from both peripheral and PV blood. All patients were followed until death. PFS and OS were evaluated with the log-rank test and summarized with the use of Kaplan–Meier methods. Unadjusted and adjusted Cox-proportional hazards models were fitted to study the relationship between PV-CTCs and PFS and OS. Results After 3.5 years of follow-up, all patients had expired. PV-CTCs were detected in all patients (median PV-CTCs 62.0/7.5 mL (interquartile range [IQR] 17–132). The mean PFS in patients with PV-CTCs Conclusion In this pilot and feasibility study, EUS-acquired PV-CTCs predicted PFS and OS. Our findings suggest that PV-CTCs can help provide important prognostic data for both providers and patients.
Level of obesity is directly associated with complications following arthroscopic rotator cuff repair.

Background The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between increasing levels of obesity and postoperative complications within 30 days of arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR). Methods We queried the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database for all patients who underwent ARCR from 2015 to 2017. Patients were stratified into 3 cohorts according to their body mass index (BMI). Patients with a BMI 40 kg/m2 were placed in the morbidly obese cohort. Postoperative complications within 30 days of the procedure were collected. Multivariate logistic regression was used to investigate the relationship between increasing levels of obesity and postoperative complications. Results There were 18,521 patients included in this study. Of these patients, 9548 (51.6%) were non-obese, 7438 (40.2%) were obese, and 1535 (8.3%) were morbidly obese. A comparison among non-obese, obese, and morbidly obese patients showed increasing rates of medical complications (0.5% vs. 1.0% vs. 1.4%), pulmonary complications (0.1% vs. 0.3% vs. 0.5%), renal complications (0.0% vs. 0.1% vs. 0.2%), readmission (0.9% vs. 1.2% vs. 1.6%), nonhome discharge (0.4% vs. 0.5% vs. 1.2%), and overall complications (0.8% vs. 1.3% vs. 1.8%). In comparison to non-obesity, both obesity and morbid obesity were identified by multivariate analysis as significant predictors of medical complications (odds ratio [ORs] of 1.72 and 2.16, respectively), pulmonary complications (ORs of 2.66 and 4.06, respectively), and overall complications (ORs of 1.52 and 1.77, respectively). Conclusion This study used a large national database to identify increasing levels of obesity as a risk factor for medical complications, pulmonary complications, and overall complications within 30 days of ARCR.