cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ABA activates ADPR cyclase and cADPR induces a subset of ABA-responsive genes in Arabidopsis

Cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) was previously shown to activate transient expression of two abscisic acid (ABA)-responsive genes in tomato cells. Here, we show that the activity of the enzyme responsible for cADPR synthesis, ADP-ribosyl (ADPR) cyclase, is rapidly induced by ABA in both wild-type (WT) and abi1-1 mutant Arabidopsis plants in the absence of protein synthesis. Furthermore, in transgenic Arabidopsis plants, induced expression of the Aplysia ADPR cyclase gene resulted in an increase in ADPR cyclase activity and cADPR levels, as well as elevated expression of ABA-responsive genes KIN2, RD22, RD29a, and COR47 (although to a lesser extent than after ABA induction). Genome-wide profiling indicated that about 28% of all ABA-responsive genes in Arabidopsis are similarly up- and downregulated by cADPR and contributed to the identification of new ABA-responsive genes. Our results suggest that activation of ADPR cyclase is an early ABA-signaling event partially insensitive to the abi1-1 mutation and that an increase in cADPR plays an important role in downstream molecular and physiological ABA responses.
Low-temperature fabrication of si thin-film transistor microstructures by soft lithographic patterning on curved and planar substrates

We demonstrate the use of micrometer-scale polymer molding, a soft-lithographic patterning technique, as a means to fabricate amorphous silicon thin-film transistors (TFTs). Two different TFT architectures were fabricated and testeda common gate, common channel architecture for single-level patterning on a spherically curved glass substrateand an isolated channel, inverted, staggered architecture with multilevel pattern registration on a planar glass substrate. The silicon and silicon nitride films are deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering, allowing all film depositions to be carried out at temperatures at or below 125 °C, and making this fabrication process a candidate for use on plastic or other thermally sensitive substrates. We discuss the performance of polymer molding as a patterning technique for thin-film microstructures on both planar substrates and on substrates with three-dimensional curvature.
PMS-INDUCED OVULATION IN THE IMMATURE RAT FOLLOWING UNILATERAL CASTRATION.

ConclusionTreatment of immature rats with 15 I.U. PMS causes the remaining ovary of unilateral castrates to release as many ova as both ovaries of intact rats. Failure to obtain compensatory ovulation in the unilateral castrates with 30 I.U. PMS is probably due to the fact that ovulation per ovary was already at a maximum.
Performance metrics for thermoelectric energy harvesting studied using a novel planar 65 nm silicon CMOS-based thermopile

We present a study of thermoelectric energy harvesting with nano-sized thermopiles (nTE) in a planar 65 nm silicon CMOS process. These devices generated power from a 5C temperature difference at a density comparable to commercially available thermoelectric generators, following a metric used in the research literature [1]. By analyzing a thermoelectric harvesting system, we explore the impact of additional performance metrics such as heat source/sink thermal impedance, available heat flow density, and voltage stacking, providing a more comprehensive set of criteria for evaluating the suitability of harvesting technology.
Evaluation of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide for Use in Fluid Film Bearings for Process Fluid Lubricated Machines

Advanced closed loop power generation cycles are under consideration for a variety of terrestrial and aerospace power systems [1]. High pressure closed brayton cycles (CBC) and supercritical cycles (SCS) offer an advantage where the cycle working fluid can also be used as the lubricant for the fluid film bearings that support the high speed turbomachinery. Unfortunately the use of supercritical carbon dioxide as a lubricant is not well understood. In the supercritical condition fluids that are typically thought of as ideal gases take on a significantly different characteristic. While these fluids typically maintain gas-like absolute viscosities, their densities are liquid like. The combination of these effects leads to the emergence of inertial effects in fluid film bearings. In addition to the inertial effects that are brought on by the high fluid density, the temperature of the lubricant cannot be controlled independently of the thermodynamic process. This situation leads to technical challenges in maintaining dimensional stability and clearance control between the rotating and stationary surfaces of the bearings.
Maintenance of Multiple Jets in a Baroclinic Flow

This article describes the generation and maintenance of persistent zonal jets in a two-layer quasigeostrophic, b-plane channel model, focusing on the transition from a one to a two jet state. For weak and moderate values of surface friction and supercriticality, the transition occurs abruptly as the width of the baroclinically unstable region of the initial flow is gradually increased. Across the transition point, the persistent two jet state is characterized by a smaller value of eddy energy than that for the one jet state. This reduction in eddy energy is due to increased barotropic energy conversion from the eddies to the zonal mean flow. Consistent with this result, the abrupt emergence of two persistent jets is accompanied by sharply defined eddy momentum flux divergence maxima at the critical latitudes between the two jet maxima. Essentially the same behavior is found in the transition from two to three, and three to four jets. When two or more jets are present, baroclinically growing waves are found to exist along inter-jet minima, which are referred to as ‘‘inter-jet disturbances.’’ More importantly, the momentum fluxes of the interjet disturbances diverge at the interjet minimum, further decelerating the jets. Unstable normal modes similar to the inter-jet disturbances are also found. It is argued that the systematic wave absorption at the critical latitudes and the momentum flux divergence by the interjet disturbances may play a central role in the persistence of the multiple jets.
Quinones as hydrogen carriers for a late step in anaerobic heme biosynthesis in Escherichia coli.

A late step in anaerobic heme synthesis, the oxidation of protoporphyrinogen with fumarate as electron acceptor, was studied in extracts and particles of Escherichia coli mutants deficient in quinones or cytochromes. Mutants specifically deficient in menaquinone did not couple protoporphyrinogen oxidation to fumarate reduction, whereas mutants containing menaquinone but deficient in either ubiquinone or cytochromes exhibited this activity. These findings indicate that this coupled reaction is dependent upon menaquinone as hydrogen carrier but independent of ubiquinone and cytochromes. Other characteristics of this coupled reaction were also studied. The activity was located exclusively in the membrane fraction of cell-free extracts. Coproporphyrinogen III could not replace protoporphyrinogen as substrate. Methylene blue, triphenyl tetrazolium and nitrate, but not nitrite, could replace fumarate as anaerobic hydrogen acceptor. These findings have implications for the mechanism and regulation of microbial heme and chlorophyll synthesis and for the physiology of cytochrome synthesis in anaerobic microorganisms.
Radiation-induced paramagnetism in a-Si:H

Several paramagnetic centers have been observed in doped and undoped $a$-Si:H after x irradiation at 77 K. The paramagnetic responses in nominally undoped $a$-Si:H include (1) an increase in the Si "dangling-bond" line, and (2) trapped N${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ molecules. In O- and N-doped hydrogenated $a$-Si [$a$-Si:(H,O,N)] at least four responses are observed: (1) an increase in the Si "dangling-bond" line, (2) an oxygen-associated hole center which is probably a singly coordinated oxygen bonded either to a silicon or to another oxygen, (3) an $s{p}^{3}$-hybridized dangling bond on a silicon which is bonded to three oxygens (${E}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ center), and (4) neutral, atomic hydrogen trapped in the $a$-Si:(H,O,N) matrix.
Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology Experience in Two Michigan OB/GYN Residency Programs

Background Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology (PAG) is an important but long neglected field. While interest has grown tremendously over the past few years, training is still limited, with only two fellowship programs in the United States in 1997–98. The purpose of this study is to assess training and experience in PAG at the OB/GYN resident level. Methods Two programs were studied: in Detroit, MI, Hutzel Hospital (HH), one of the largest academic inner city programs in the country, and William Beaumont Hospital (WB), a community based program in Royal Oak, MI. 71 questionnaires were distributed to OB/GYN residents. Descriptive analysis of answers to demographic, training, attitude, and knowledge based questions in PAG was perlbrmed. Results 57 questionnaires were returned. The majority of respondents reported no experience in PAG with no rotations or clinics and only limited teaching with 0–2 lectures. 97% of HH and 92.3% of WB residents requested more PAG training. Comfort levels regarding sexual history, sex, sexual abuse, physical abuse, substance abuse, and birth control in PAG patients were assessed on a 5 paint scale (1=low, 5=high); HH scored 3.21/5 in pediatric and 4.22/5 in adolescent issues, and WB scored 4.22/5 in pediatric and 4.55/5 in adolescent issues. The most commonly recognized differences in the care of PAG patients were attention to stage of mental development (38.6% in pediatrics/36.4% in adolescents at HH; 38.5%/46.2% at WB), cooperation strategies (38.6%/36.4% at HH; 0%/0% at WB), and parental involvement(15.9%/0.% at HH; 30.8%/7.7% at WB). Residents failed to note the important physical and anatomical differences in the PAG patient(0%/0% at HH; 0%/0% at WB). HH residents responded with familiarity 60.5% and WB residents 59.7% of the time to knowledge based questions (see table). % residents showing familiarity HH WB HH WB Treating imperforate hymen 89 77 Indications for 1st speculum exam 81 83 Treating labial adhesions 89 77 Normallabnonnal hymens 11/41 7/15 Etiology of vulvovaginitis 20 0 Initiation of OCPs 64 31 Etiology of vaginal discharge 63 85 Exam positions 86 69 Conclusions Residents of both academic and community programs report litt1e experience and scant training in PAG. The same residents expressed interest in formal PAG training. Moderate to high levels of confidence in discussing PAG issues reported by both WB and HH residents were not supported by complete answers to knowledge based questions. Many residents demonstrated some familiarity with PAG issues, but Done demonstrated proficiency. It is concerning that residents in OB/GYN lack the basic knowledge that is required in routine daily care of the PAG population. More emphasis to be placed on these issues in residency training programs.
Implications of Out-of-School Activities for School Engagement in African American Adolescents

The connection between out-of-school activities and school engagement was examined in 140, 6th through 9th grade African American adolescents. Youth’s out-of-school activities were measured with a series of 7 nightly phone calls and focused on time in structured (homework, academically-oriented, extracurricular/sports) and unstructured (watching television, hanging out with peers) activities. School engagement was assessed during a home interview in terms of affective (school bonding), behavioral (school grades), and cognitive (school self-esteem) dimensions. Regression analyses controlling for parents’ education and youth grade in school showed that more time in extracurricular activities was associated with greater school self-esteem and school bonding. In addition, more time spent on homework was associated with greater school bonding for boys. Conversely, more time watching television was associated with lower school self-esteem and school bonding.
The E-RBR: Confirming the technology and exploring the law of “electronic reserves:” Two generations of the digital library system at the SDSU library

Abstract The E-RBR was a two-stage project with three major objectives: to provide SDSU with experience in applying imaging technologies, to provide a model for the resolution of the copyright problems inherent in the Library's application of these technologies, and to create a viable system. All three objectives have been attained.
Sustainability—What Are the Odds? Envisioning the Future of Our Environment, Economy and Society

This article examines the concept of sustainability from a global perspective, describing how alternative futures might develop in the environmental, economic, and social dimensions. The alternatives to sustainability appear to be (a) a catastrophic failure of life support, economies, and societies, or (b) a radical technological revolution (singularity). The case is made that solutions may be found by developing a global vision of the future, estimating the probabilities of possible outcomes from multiple indicators, and looking holistically for the most likely paths to sustainability. Finally, an intuitive vision of these paths is offered as a starting point for discussion.
2013 update on the management of posterior capsular rupture during cataract surgery.

Purpose of reviewPosterior capsular rupture (PCR) is an infrequent complication of cataract surgery that can lead to significant ocular morbidity and permanent vision loss. In the setting of PCR, the primary objective is the safe and thorough evacuation of vitreous and lens fragments from the anteri
Exposure and dose in panoramic radiology

Panoramic radiology entrance skin exposure (ESE) was measured for a Siemens Orthopantomograph 10 E using a thimble chamber and TLDs. Thimble chamber measurements are shown to be inaccurate for the moving, narrow beam panoramic scan geometry due to partial volume and partial charged-particle equilibrium effects. For 75 KVp, 8 mA panoramic scans the TLDmeasured beam central ray ESE on the scan central plane (patient midsagittal plane) was an approximately constant 20 mR for the first 7.5 cm from the entrance slit. A theoretical model of central plane ESE for a fixed rotation center agrees very well with the TLDmeasurements and is consistent with all of the known ESE (and dose) properties near rotation centers. Head phantom skindosemeasurements demonstrate the dependence of skindose on exact equipment mode of use and patient anatomy. Central plane, beam central ray ESE is judged to be a convenient, universal measure of panoramic radiology radiation output.
Stimulation of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate formation in mononuclear leukocytes by toad venoms.

Abstract The content of adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate in human mononuclear leukocytes was enhanced 3–5-times by venoms obtained from African toad ( Bufo africanus ), American toad ( Bufo americanus ), Colorado river toad ( Bufo arenarum ) and Marine toad ( Bufo marinus ) at 25 μg/ml for 5 min of incubation at 37°C. The maximum stimulation was observed after 1–5 min of incubation. The half-maximal stimulation was observed at 0.1 μg/ml venom obtained from Colorado river toad ( Bufo arenarum ). The increased content of adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate in the mononuclear leukocytes persisted without significant change for at least 30 min of incubation at 37°C.
Histopathological study of evening primrose oil effects on experimental diabetic neuropathy.

Diabetic polyneuropathy is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus and the most frequent neuropathy worldwide. Aim: This study was designed to investigate the possible beneficial effects of evening primrose oil (EPO) on histopathological changes of sciatic nerves in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Materials and methods: The rats were randomly allotted into three experimental groups: A (control), B (diabetic untreated), and C (diabetic treated with EPO); each group contained 10 animals. Groups B and C received streptozotocin (STZ) to induce diabetes. The rats in group C were given EPO for 2 weeks after 6 weeks of STZ injection. Blood and tissue samples were obtained for biochemical and histopathological investigation. Results: STZ-treated diabetic rats showed reduction of the size of islets of Langerhans, fatty degeneration in the pancreatic acini with dilation, irregularity, and increased thickness of blood vessels. Electron micrography of sciatic nerves of diabetic rats showed multiple vaculati...
Poxvirus semaphorin A39R inhibits phagocytosis by dendritic cells and neutrophils.

The poxvirus A39R protein is a member of the semaphorin family that binds to Plexin C1, a molecule expressed on neutrophils and dendritic cells (DC). We previously showed that binding of A39R to Plexin C1 induces local rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton and inhibits integrin-mediated adhesion, leading to cell retraction. As phagocytosis is dependent on both cytoskeleton integrity and integrin function, we tested the effect of A39R on DC and neutrophil phagocytosis. We found that A39R treatment strongly inhibits phagocytosis by DC and neutrophils in vitro in a Plexin C1-dependent fashion. Moreover, A39R treatment inhibited the capacity of CD8α+ DC to take up apoptotic bodies in vivo. As a consequence, A39R impaired the ability of CD8α+ DC to cross-prime CD8+ T cells ex vivo. In contrast, A39R had no effect on direct priming of CD8+ T cells by peptide-pulsed CD8α+ DC in vitro. These results suggest that poxviruses may use semaphorin homologs as a means to evade the immune system.
Fingolimod treatment in multiple sclerosis leads to increased macular volume

Objective: To determine whether fingolimod, an oral sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulator approved for treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS), generally leads to increased retinal tissue volume. Methods: In this longitudinal observational study, we compared changes in macular volume on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) between consecutive patients with MS who initiated fingolimod and a matched reference cohort of patients with MS never exposed to the drug. The primary reference cohort was matched based on time interval between OCT examinations. A secondary reference cohort was matched based on age and disease duration. Change in macular volume within each group was analyzed using the paired t test. Change in macular volume between groups was examined using multiple linear regression. Results: Macular volume increased by a mean of 0.025 mm 3 (95% confidence interval [CI] +0.017 to +0.033, p 3 , 95% CI −0.009 to +0.004, p = 0.47). Overall, 74% of eyes in the fingolimod-treated group exhibited an increase in macular volume vs 37% of eyes in the comparison group. Conclusion: Initiation of fingolimod in MS is associated with a modest, relatively rapid increase in macular volume.
Development, Evaluation, and Application of a Highly Sensitive Microtiter Plate ELISA for Human Bcl10 Protein

Abstract Bcl10 (B‐cell CLL/lymphoma 10) is a 233 amino acid CARD (caspase recruitment domain)‐containing cellular protein, increasingly recognized as a mediator of NFκB activation in non‐immune, as well as immune cells. Due to the importance of Bcl10 in diverse cell types, we developed a solid‐phase, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent (ELISA) assay to precisely measure Bcl10 in small volume cell lysates, using recombinant Bcl10 to standardize the assay. Standard curve measures Bcl10 from 0.25 ng/mL to 16 ng/mL, with very low intra‐ and inter‐assay variation. Sample dilution and exogenous Bcl10 recovery experiments, comparisons with Western blot, and linear response to increasing doses of known Bcl10 activators confirm the specificity and precision of the ELISA.
A Cross-Disciplinary Exploration of Entrepreneurship Research

The eclectic and pervasive benefits of entrepreneurship are generating research questions that interest scholars in a variety of disciplines. These questions have been primarily examined within the context of a scholar’s home discipline while ignoring insights from other disciplines. This approach has left entrepreneurship research as a widely dispersed, loosely connected domain of issues. In this review, the authors explore entrepreneurship research in accounting, anthropology, economics, finance, management, marketing, operations management, political science, psychology, and sociology. They seek to identify common interests that can serve as a bridge for scholars interested in using a multitheoretic and multimethodological lens to design and complete entrepreneurship studies.
Shock temperature measurements in high density fluid xenon

Abstract Radiative temperatures have been measured for fluid xenon which has been shock compressed to pressures and temperatures of up to 69 GPa and 18300 K. At these high temperatures, significant numbers of electrons are thermally excitated across a narrowing band gap which results in a considerable increase in the compressibility. Theoretical calculations which include the effects of the band gap and the electronic excitation agree well with the experimental temperature measurements. The band gap used in the calculations points to a room temperature metallization pressure of 2 Mbar.
Dynamic Customer Relationship Management: Incorporating Future Considerations into the Service Retention Decision

Abstract The authors examine the influence of customer future-focused considerations, over and above the effects of satisfaction, on the customer’s decision to discontinue a service relationship. The authors find that expected future use and anticipated regret influence this decision. Understanding and managing these future-focused considerations is critical to successful dynamic customer relationship management.
Timing of c-jun protein induction in lumbar dorsal root ganglia after sciatic nerve transection varies with lesion distance.

Abstract In situ hybridization and immunohistochemical studies have shown that sciatic nerve crush or transection induces upregulation of the immediate early gene c-jun mRNA and protein in lumbar dorsal root ganglion neurons. Here we have used enhanced chemiluminescent (ECL) immunoblotting as a sensitive and quantitative way of measuring the time course of c-jun protein induction following sciatic nerve transection at two distances from the L4 and L5 dorsal root ganglia. c-Jun protein was first detected within 3 h of proximal sciatic nerve transection and within 6 h of distal nerve transection. These results indicate substantially earlier increases in c-jun protein after nerve injury than previously reported, which can be attributed to the sensitivity of this detection method. The earlier induction of c-jun after proximal as compared to distal nerve transection supports the hypothesis that the c-jun response to sciatic nerve injury involves a distance-dependent signalling mechanism. © 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Entangled Affiliations and Attitudes: An Analysis of the Influences on Environmental Policy Stakeholders' Behavioral Intentions

We examined attitudes as one potential influence on the behavioral intentions of three stakeholder groups commonly in conflict. Business managers (n = 97), government environmental regulators (n = 69), and active members of pro-environmental groups (n = 49) were surveyed to assess the differences among these groups in their attitudes toward property rights, environmental regulation, and technology. We compared the influence of these attitudes and stakeholder group affiliation on intentions to engage in pro-environmental behavior. The attitudes measures explained a significant amount of the variance in behavioral intention, even after group membership was controlled. Theoretical implications of these findings for stakeholder theory are discussed along with some practical applications of these findings for stakeholder negotiations and management practices.
Kant and the Human Sciences: Biology, Anthropology, and History

By Alix Cohen Palgrave Macmillan, 2009. Pp. xv + 200. ISBN 978–0–230–22432–2. £52.00 (hbk). In his recent book Kantian Ethics (Cambridge University Press, 2008), Allen Wood very correctly remarks t...
Kinetics of Hydrolysis of Succinimides

AbstractThe neutral and alkaline hydrolyses of three substituted succinimides, phensuximide, methsuximide and ethosuximide, were followed spectrophotometrically. The rate-pH profile for phensuximide and methsuximide were similar and implicated both water attack and hydroxyl-ion catalyzed degradation of the neutral molecule. A different profile was observed for ethosuximide due to the presence of a pK'2 in the alkaline pH region. The ethosuximide profile shows hydroxyl-ion catalyzed degradation of both the un-ionized and the mono-ionized species. A mechanism for hydrolysis of the succinimides is postulated based on ring-opening to produce substituted succinamic acids which may undergo further decomposition. Ionic strength effects on the alkaline hydrolysis of phensuximide show a decrease in the first-order rate constant as ionic strength is increased. Similarly, borate buffer inhibits hydrolysis as the buffer concentration is increased. The Arrhenius parameters for all compounds were determined.
An innocent appearing subcutaneous nodule diagnoses a small cell lung cancer in a never-smoker female

Lung cancer among never-smokers is recognized as the 7th most common cause of cancer death globally. Adenocarcinoma is the most commonly reported histology. Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) has the strongest association with smoking and is rarely reported in never-smokers. Although lung cancer in never-smokers is more common in women, the overall incidence of SCLC in female never-smokers still remains low. Soft tissue metastases from any cancer are rare with an overall prevalence of 1.8%. Soft tissue metastases from lung primary are uncommon, mostly from adenocarcinoma, and portend a poor prognosis. Cutaneous metastases from SCLC are exceptionally rare with reported incidence of 0.3% to 0.8%. We believe ours is the first reported case of SCLC presenting as subcutaneous nodule, in a never-smoker, otherwise asymptomatic female. The diagnosis of SCLC was made incidentally by the excisional biopsy of the subcutaneous nodule. Subsequent CT chest and PET scan revealed a hypermetabolic right lower lobe spiculated lung mass with adrenal and liver involvement. Platinum and etoposide chemotherapy with prophylactic cranial irradiation was initiated for advanced SCLC, and she required further irinotecan and taxol for subsequent pancreatic and adrenal metastases. With continued deterioration, she died approximately 36 months from diagnosis, while under hospice care.
Classical scattering of a sphere by a vortex—A possible explanation of the Steyert-Taylor-Kitchens experiment

A classical model for the scattering of a small particle by a rectilinear vortex in liquid He II is studied for the purpose of explaining the experimental results of Steyert, Taylor, and Kitchens. Although many of their observations are accounted for, verification of the theory would require a re-analysis of the experimental data. A classical analogue of an Iordanskii force is also discussed.
Initial measurements of the angular velocity of walking humans using an active millimeter-wave correlation interferometer

The design of a 29.5 GHz experimental active interferometer for the measurement of the angular velocity of moving humans is presented in this paper, as well as initial measurements of walking humans. Measurement of the angular motion of moving objects is a desirable function in remote security sensing applications. Doppler radar sensors are able to measure the signature of moving humans based on micro-Doppler analysis; however, a person moving with little to no radial velocity produces negligible Doppler returns. Measurement of the angular movement of humans can be done with traditional radar techniques however the process involves either continuous tracking with narrow beamwidth or angle-of arrival estimation algorithms. Recently, the authors presented a new method of measuring the angular velocity of moving objects using interferometry. The method measures the angular velocity of an object without tracking or complex processing. The frequency shift imparted on the signal response is proportional to the angular velocity of the object as it passes through the interferometer beam pattern. The experimental system consists of a transmitter and two separate receivers with two widely spaced antennas. The received signals in each of the two channels are downconverted and digitized, and post-processed offline. Initial results of a walking person passing through the interferometer beam pattern are presented, which verify the expected operation of the receiver derived from the initial theory.
HORMONE THERAPY AND SEX HORMONE EXCRETION. I. EFFECT OF PROGESTERONE AND THE GONADO-TROPIC HORMONE OF MARE'S SERUM ON THE EXCRETION OF ESTROGENS, ANDROGENS AND SODIUM PREGNANDIOL GLUCURONIDATE BY WOMEN DURING NORMAL AND ABNORMAL MENSTRUAL CYCLES12

NUMBER OF WORKERS have studied the influence of the injection of a pure hormone on. the output of its excretion product. The output of injected estrone has been variously reported as from 3 to 20% (1–5). All workers agree that a large proportion of this compound disappears in the body. This also seems to be true of the androgens (6–9). Progesterone does not appear to any considerable extent as such in the urine, even after the injection of relatively large doses, but Venning (10) has reported that sodium pregnandiol glucuronidate only appears in the urine during the luteal phase, and if progesterone is injected, the output of the preg’ nandiol complex is increased equivalent to as much as 60% of the injected progesterone. Buxton (11) has confirmed this when progesterone is injected into men, but Hamblen and coworkers (12–15) were un-able to find increased pregnandiol output in women after similar treatment.
Effect of Calcium on the Membrane Potentials of Single Pacemaker Fibres and Atrial Fibres in Isolated Rabbit Atria

IN previous investigations it was found that in the isolated dog heart1, as well as in isolated guinea pig atria2, calcium produced a marked change in the sino-atrial rhythm. The curve relating changes in sino-atrial rhythm to external calcium concentration showed a typical pattern: an ascending limb, which reached a maximum at several times the normal calcium concentration, and a descending limb, indicating a rate-decreasing component of the action of calcium at high concentrations. A similar curve was obtained from experiments with isolated rabbit atria, as shown in Fig. 1 (for method, see ref. 2).
Skin Infections and Antibiotic Stewardship: Analysis of Emergency Department Prescribing Practices, 2007-2010

Introduction: National guidelines suggest that most skin abscesses do not require antibiotics, and that cellulitis antibiotics should target streptococci, not community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA). The objective of this study is to describe antimicrobial treatment of skin infections in U.S. emergency departments (EDs) and analyze potential quality measures. Methods: The National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS) is a 4-stage probability sample of all non-federal U.S. ED visits. In 2007 NHAMCS started recording whether incision and drainage was performed at ED visits. We conducted a retrospective analysis, pooling 2007–2010 data, identified skin infections using diagnostic codes, and identified abscesses by performance of incision and drainage. We generated national estimates and 95% confidence intervals using weighted analyses; quantified frequencies and proportions; and evaluated antibiotic prescribing practices. We evaluated 4 parameters that might serve as quality measures of antibiotic stewardship, and present 2 of them as potentially robust enough for implementation. Results: Of all ED visits, 3.2% (95% confidence interval 3.1–3.4%) were for skin infection, and 2.7% (2.6–2.9%) were first visits for skin infection, with no increase over time (p=0.80). However, anti-CA-MRSA antibiotic use increased, from 61% (56–66%) to 74% (71–78%) of antibiotic regimens (p<0.001). Twenty-two percent of visits were for abscess, with a non-significant increase (p=0.06). Potential quality measures: Among discharged abscess patients, 87% were prescribed antibiotics (84–90%, overuse). Among antibiotic regimens for abscess patients, 84% included anti-CA-MRSA agents (81–89%, underuse). Conclusion: From 2007–2010, use of anti-CA-MRSA agents for skin infections increased significantly, despite stable visit frequencies. Antibiotics were over-used for discharged abscess cases, and CA-MRSA-active antibiotics were underused among regimens when antibiotics were used for abscess. [West J Emerg Med. 2014;15(3):282–289.]
Degree of Delay Discounting as a Function of Who Receives the Outcome and the Discounter’s Perceived Level of Social Support

Delay discounting occurs when the subjective value of an outcome decreases as its delivery is delayed. The present study investigated whether how individuals discount delayed outcomes would vary as a function of who would hypothetically experience the outcome and the participants’ perceived level of social support. In Experiment One, 600 university students completed a measure of perceived social support and a discounting task involving four different outcomes, with different groups differing in terms of who would hypothetically receive the outcome being discounted (themselves, their mother, or a classmate). The degree of discounting did not vary as a function of recipient of the outcome, but did vary significantly and inversely with perceived level of social support. Experiment Two replicated the effect of perceived social support in 488 university students, but failed to demonstrate that the degree of discounting varied as a function of the level of social support available to the recipient of the outcome being discounted. These results suggest that people discount outcomes similarly regardless of who will be the recipient of the outcome, but that rates of discounting are reliably altered by the discounter’s own perceived level of social support. The latter finding is potentially informative as to why social-support groups may be valuable in therapeutic environments.
Role of hyperons and pions in neutron stars and supernova

Neutron stars are studied in the framework of nuclear relativistic field theory. Hyperons and pions significantly soften the equation of state of neutron star matter at moderate and high density. We conjecture that they are responsible for the softening that is found to be crucial to the bounce scenario in supernova calculations. Hyperons reduce the limiting mass of neutron stars predicted by theory by one half solar mass or more, which is a large effect compared to the range in which theories of matter predict this limit to fall.
On PHY-layer security of cognitive radio: Collaborative sensing under malicious attacks

In cognitive radio networks, physical layer spectrum sensing plays a key role in helping cognitive radios adapt to changes in spectrum availability. However, it raises significant security issues at the physical layer as well. In this paper, we investigate collaborative sensing of cognitive radio networks under malicious attacks, and analyze the system performance in a generalized framework. The system design goal is to improve efficiency of spectrum access on a non-interfering basis, which is formulated as a constrained parameter optimization problem. A numerical algorithm is provided to resolve the problem. The system performances are evaluated under various conditions, and discussions are provided to help better understand the effectiveness of the attacks and their countermeasures.
Absolute frequency measurement of the HeNe/I2 standard at 633 nm

Abstract The absolute frequency of a HeNe laser locked to a hyperfine component in 127 I 2 is measured using a frequency standard based on a single, trapped and laser-cooled 88 Sr + ion. A CO 2 laser, whose frequency is measured with a Cs-based frequency chain, is used to span the frequency interval between the ion standard at 445 THz and the HeNe/I 2 laser at 474 THz. The frequency of the f component of the 11-5 R(127) transition of our HeNe/I 2 standard laser is found to be 473 612 353 600 180±720 Hz at the exact operating conditions specified for the realization of the recommended value of this radiation.
Personalized Cancer Diagnostics

More than a decade into the age of molecularly targeted cancer therapeutics, most clincal laboratories, which are required to operate under standards established by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration called the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA), are still using a one gene–one test approach to molecular diagnostics. For example, such tests are routinely used to screen for mutations in the gene encoding the signaling protein KRAS in colorectal carcinomas, and in the gene encoding the epidermal growth factor receptor in non–small cell carcinomas of the lung. There is a growing need, however, for broader approaches that can identify more rare mutations (e.g., mutations in the ERBB2 and BRAF genes in lung carcinomas) that could have an impact on clinical care. Several CLIA labs have introduced multiplexed screens that cover as many as several hundred mutations across dozens of cancer genes ( 1 , 2 ). But even these approaches are limited to mutation “hotspots” and, for technical reasons, necessarily favor oncogenes over tumor suppressors. Larger panels of genes based on next-generation sequencing will be introduced by a number of labs in the immediate future; even so, some are asking: Why not sequence the entire genome of each patient's tumor?
Thiazolidinone CFTR inhibitors with improved water solubility identified by structure-activity analysis

The thiazolidinone 3-[(3-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5-[(4-carboxyphenyl)methylene]-2-thioxo-4-thiazolidinone (CFTR(inh)-172) inhibits cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) chloride channel conductance with submicromolar affinity and blocks cholera toxin-induced intestinal fluid secretion. Fifty-eight CFTR(inh)-172 analogs were synthesized to identify CFTR inhibitors with improved water solubility, exploring modifications in its two phenyl rings, thiazolidinone core, and core-phenyl connectors. Greatest CFTR inhibition potency was found for 3-CF(3) and polar group-substituted-phenyl rings, and a thiazolidinone core. Two compounds with approximately 1muM CFTR inhibition potency and solubility >180 microM (>10-fold more than CFTR(inh)-172) were identified: Tetrazolo-172, containing 4-tetrazolophenyl in place of 4-carboxyphenyl, and Oxo-172, containing thiazolidinedione in place of the thiazolidinone core. These water soluble thiazolidinone analogs had low cellular toxicity. The improved water solubility of Tetrazolo- and Oxo-172 make them potential lead candidates for therapy of secretory diarrheas and polycystic kidney disease.
The Coral Reef Satellite Mission

The Planetary Coral Reef Foundation is proposing to privately fund a Coral Reef Satellite Mission to perform a global mapping survey of shallow water coral reefs and monitor their health over a period of at least 5 years. Using available technology, but restricting the goals of the Mission to the limited objectives of finding and monitoring coral reefs, it is possible to design a coherent and cost effective flight system. We describe the general design of the mission and its components, giving particular emphasis to the science payload.
Prospects for a hepcidin mimic to treat β-thalassemia and hemochromatosis.

Iron is required for numerous functions in the human body. However, iron utilization in biological systems is challenging because of its intrinsic ability to generate reactive oxygen species [1]. T...
Implementing a New Skeletonizing Method

Presentation d'une methode de traitement des images de microscopie electronique dans un petit ordinateur a l'aide d'un algorithme efficace
Accounting for the space‐varying nature of the relationships between temporal community turnover and the environment

Non-spatial regression models are rarely adequate for exploring ecological phenomena, especially in settings where the processes operate at large spatial scales and when model covariates do not explain all variation present in the outcome variable. Given the complexity of ecological processes, it is often unrealistic to assume a set of stationary regression coefficients can capture space-varying and scale-dependent relationships between covariates and an ecological response. Spatially-varying coefficients (SVC) models fit within a Bayesian inferential framework provide a statistically robust method to explore potential space-varying and scale-dependent impacts of covariates. Our study objective was to assess the utility of SVC models for capturing non-stationary relationships between temporal community dynamics in avian assemblages and variation in environmental factors. We also wanted to compare the inference drawn from SVC models to that obtained from space-varying intercept models and also models that do not acknowledge any spatial structure beyond what is introduced by the covariates. Our analysis examines the temporal turnover, expressed as a proportion, of avian communities across New York State, USA. Given the expected outcome is non-Gaussian, we detail a generalized linear model specification of the proposed model structures. Our results show the SVC model outperformed the spatially-varying intercept and non-spatial models in terms of model fit and model predictive inference. Further, by fitting these models within a Bayesian inferential framework, we were able to make inferences about the spatial impact of covariates and other process parameters, as well as obtain full posterior predictive inference about the rate of turnover at new, unobserved locations. We conclude that SVC models provide a flexible framework for exploring and accounting for non-stationary mechanisms driving ecological patterns.
To Be Useful to the World: Women in Revolutionary America, 1740-1790

Offering an interpretation of the Revolutionary period that places women at the center, Joan R. Gundersen provides a synthesis of the scholarship on women's experiences during the era as well as a nuanced understanding that moves beyond a view of the war as either a "golden age" or a disaster for women. Gundersen argues that women's lives varied greatly depending on race and class, but all women had to work within shifting parameters that enabled opportunities for some while constraining opportunities for others. Three generations of women in three households personalize these changes: Elizabeth Dutoy Porter, member of the small-planter class whose Virginia household included an African American enslaved woman named Peg; Deborah Franklin, common-law wife of the prosperous revolutionary, Benjamin; and Margaret Brant, matriarch of a prominent Mohawk family who sided with the British during the war. This edition incorporates substantial revisions in the text and the notes to take into account the scholarship that has appeared since the book's original publication in 1996.
The raised-cosine wavelets in computerized tomography

In Computerized Tomography (CT), an image must be recovered from its sampled projections in the form of values of the Radon transform. In this work a method of recovering the image is based on the properties of the raised-cosine wavelet. This wavelet has a closed form which allows for certain precomputations and avoids convolution. The rate of convergence of the resulting algorithm to the image density function is found under suitable hypotheses. This algorithm is then tested on the standard Shepp–Logan
SUBORDINATE AGGRESSION AGAINST MANAGERS: EMPIRICAL ANALYSES OF PUBLISHED ARBITRATION DECISIONS

This study empirically examined the antecedents of verbal and physical assaults on managers perpetrated by subordinate employees. A model was presented and hypotheses developed that were tested with data obtained through the content analysis of published arbitration decisions. The findings indicated that such assaults were more likely to be verbal than physical, preceded by aversive treatment, and targeted at managers directly involved in the negative outcomes. Additionally, the severity of the incident varied across the different types of triggering events. Individuals who had been aggressive in the past but had not been disciplined were more likely to subsequently engage in physical than verbal assaults. The implications of these findings for future research and organizational practices were also discussed.
Effects of Three Cysteine Pro-Drugs on Bleomycin-Induced Lung Fibrosis in Hamsters

The cysteine pro-drug Z2196 ((2RS, 4R)-2-methylthiazolidine carboxylic acid) and two drugs with methyl esters attached to Z2196 (Z2197 and Z2199) were evaluated for antifibrotic effects in the hamster bleomycin model of lung fibrosis. Each drug or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was given daily (300 mg/kg intraperitoneally) for 2 days before intratracheal instillation of bleomycin (7.5 units/kg) or saline for an additional 13 days. Lung collagen measured as hydroxyproline was significantly increased to 138% of the control groups in the PBS + Bleomycin treated group, but the Z2196 + Bleomycin group was increased to 108% and was not statistically different from controls. Protein content of bronchoalveolar lavage supernatant in PBS + Bleomycin treated hamsters was significantly increased to 326% of controls. The protein content of bronchoalveolar lavage supernatant for all cysteine pro-drug + Bleomycin treated hamsters was increased to 160% of PBS + Bleomycin treated hamsters. All the Bleomycin treated hamsters had significantly more cells and more neutrophils recovered in bronchoalveolar lavage than controls. The PBS + Bleomycin treated hamsters had significantly more lymphocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage than all the other treatment groups. The Z2196 + Bleomycin and Z2197 + Bleomycin hamsters had significantly less monocytes in BALF than PBS + Bleomycin hamsters. The lung total sulfhydryl and nonprotein sulfhydryl in PBS + Bleomycin treated hamsters were increased to 210% and 253% of controls, respectively, whereas in Z2196 + Bleomycin hamsters they were increased to 152% and 153%, respectively. Histopathology of PBS + Bleomycin hamsters showed a diffuse mixed mononuclear alveolitis, multifocal fibrosis and peribronchiolar fibrosis, whereas Z2196 + Bleomycin hamsters showed notably less alveolitis and fibrosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Convexification of optimal power flow problem

The optimal power flow (OPF) problem is nonconvex and generally hard to solve. We provide a sufficient condition under which the OPF problem is equivalent to a convex problem and therefore is efficiently solvable. Specifically, we prove that the dual of OPF is a semidefinite program and our sufficient condition guarantees that the duality gap is zero and a globally optimal solution of OPF is recoverable from a dual optimal solution. This sufficient condition is satisfied by standard IEEE benchmark systems with 14, 30, 57, 118 and 300 buses after small resistance (10−5 per unit) is added to every transformer that originally assumes zero resistance. We justify why the condition might hold widely in practice from algebraic and geometric perspectives. The main underlying reason is that physical quantities such as resistance, capacitance and inductance, are all positive.
HR 8799: A Link between γ Doradus Variables and λ Bootis Stars

On the basis of a new classification-resolution spectrum, we find that HR 8799, a known member of the newly discovered γ Doradus variable star class, is a λ Bootis star. Spectral synthesis, in conjunction with fluxes from visible spectrophotometry and the TD-1 satellite, yields Teff = 7430 K, log g = 4.35, microturbulent velocity ξt = 2.7 km s-1, and metallicity [M/H] = -0.47 for HR 8799, confirming its metal-weak nature. HR 8799 is also a "Vega-like" star in that it shows excess flux at 60 μm, probably due to a circumstellar dust shell or disk. Thus, this star links three astrophysically interesting classes of stars and may provide potentially important constraints on the physics of, and the interconnections between, the λ Bootis phenomenon and the γ Doradus pulsation phenomenon.