cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evolution of an ornament, the dewlap, in females of the lizard genus Anolis

Male ornaments have been the subject of numerous studies on sexual selection and communication, although female ornaments have garnered substantially less study, even though female ornaments are well developed in some species. The factors that have propelled the evolution of elaborate ornaments in females are poorly understood but may include genetic correlations between the sexes, social selection, sensory drive or species recognition. We used simulation-based comparative methods and a newly estimated phylogeny to test these four hypotheses to explain female ornamentation within the diverse neotropical lizard genus Anolis. We found support for the sensory drive hypothesis and the social selection hypothesis; the female dewlap was larger in species that use more arboreal habitats, as well as in species where the sexes were less dimorphic. We did not find support for the genetic correlation hypothesis or the species recognition hypothesis. We propose that the size of the female dewlap may evolve in response to sensory drive differentially affecting species in different habitats, as well as social selection such as male mate choice or intrasexual competition for territory among females. © 2012 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2012, 106, 191‐201.
Safety-Knowledge Management in American Construction Organizations

AbstractDespite improvements in safety performance over the past 30 years, the construction industry still accounts for an injury-and-illness rate that is approximately five times greater than the all-industry average. This disproportionate injury-and-illness rate has been attributed, in part, to the complex, dynamic, and transient nature of construction projects. To address these challenges, construction organizations must be able to adapt to change by effectively identifying, capturing, storing, and transferring safety knowledge. To investigate how safety-knowledge management strategies are employed in the construction industry, 11 case studies were conducted with a geographically dispersed sample of American general contractors. The sample was stratified by experience modification rate (EMR), a relative measure of safety performance. The results of the case studies indicate that construction organizations tend to acquire safety knowledge from a variety of internal and external sources, but have ineffec...
The Relevancy of Ethnography to Nursing Research

The systematic inquiry into human experience, within the context of health, allows nurses to discover knowledge that helps in optimizing health and quality of life. Humans have natural health-seeking behaviors that are influenced by culture. Understanding the essences of these behaviors allows nursing science to progress and promotes health of people. The discovery process must be inclusive of appropriate research methodologies that are congruent with nursing philosophy, practice, and goals. Here, the author links ethnography to nursing practice and presents it as a relevant method for nursing research.
Use of recombinant human stromal cell-derived factor 1α-loaded fibrin/hyaluronic acid hydrogel networks to achieve functional repair of full-thickness bovine articular cartilage via homing of chondrogenic progenitor cells.

Objective Articular cartilage damage after joint trauma seldom heals and often leads to osteoarthritis. We previously identified a migratory chondrogenic progenitor cell (CPC) population that responds chemotactically to cell death and rapidly repopulates the injured cartilage matrix, which suggests a potential approach for articular cartilage repair. This study was undertaken to determine whether recombinant human stromal cell–derived factor 1α (rhSDF-1α), a potent CPC chemoattractant, would improve the quality of cartilage regeneration, hypothesizing that increased recruitment of CPCs by rhSDF-1α would promote the formation of cartilage matrix upon chondrogenic induction. Methods Full-thickness bovine chondral defects were filled with hydrogel, composed of fibrin and hyaluronic acid and containing rhSDF-1α. Cell migration was monitored, followed by chondrogenic induction. Regenerated tissue was evaluated by histology, immunohistochemistry, and scanning electron microscopy. Push-out tests and unconfined compression tests were performed to assess the strength of tissue integration and the mechanical properties of the regenerated cartilage. Results Use of rhSDF-1α dramatically improved CPC recruitment to the chondral defects at 12 days. After 6 weeks under chondrogenic conditions, cell morphology, proteoglycan density, and the ultrastructure of the repair tissue were all similar to that found in native cartilage. Compared with empty controls, neocartilage generated in rhSDF-1α–containing defects showed significantly greater interfacial strength, and acquired mechanical properties comparable to those of native cartilage. Conclusion This study showed that stimulating local CPC recruitment prior to treatment with chondrogenic factors significantly improves the biochemical and mechanical properties of the cartilage tissue formed in chondral defects. This simple approach may be implemented in vivo as a one-step procedure by staging the release of chemokine and chondrogenic factors from within the hydrogel, which can be achieved using smart drug-delivery systems.
Role of Antibodies in Immunity to Bordetella Infections

The persistence of Bordetella pertussis and B. parapertussis within vaccinated populations and the reemergence of associated disease highlight the need to better understand protective immunity. The present study examined host immunity to bordetellae and addressed potential concerns about the mouse model by using a comparative approach including the closely related mouse pathogen B. bronchiseptica. As previously observed with B. pertussis, all three organisms persisted throughout the respiratory tracts of B-cell-deficient mice, indicating that B cells are required for bacterial clearance. However, adoptively transferred antibodies rapidly cleared B. bronchiseptica but not human pathogens. These results obtained with the mouse model are consistent with human clinical observations, including the lack of correlation between antibody titers and protection, as well as the limited efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin treatments against human disease. Together, this evidence suggests that the mouse model accurately reflects substantial differences between immunities to these organisms. Although both B. pertussis and B. parapertussis are more closely related to B. bronchiseptica than they are to each other, they share the ability to resist rapid clearance from the lower respiratory tract by adoptively transferred antibodies, an adaptation that correlates with their emergence as human pathogens that circulate within vaccinated populations.
The metabolic syndrome in obese postmenopausal women: relationship to body composition, visceral fat, and inflammation.

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether aerobic fitness, body composition, body fat distribution, and inflammation are different in obese postmenopausal women with and without the metabolic syndrome (MS), and whether the severity of MS is associated with these characteristics. Fifty-eight women (age, 59 ± 1 yr; body mass index, 33.0 ± 0.6 kg/m2) completed testing of maximal aerobic capacity, body composition (fat mass, lean mass, and percent body fat), body fat distribution (sc and visceral fat areas, and regional adipocyte sizes), and inflammation (C-reactive protein, IL-6, and TNF-α, and their soluble receptors). Lean mass (44.4 ± 0.9 vs. 41.2 ± 0.9 kg; P < 0.05), visceral fat area (180 ± 10 vs. 135 ± 7 cm2; P < 0.001), and plasma soluble TNF receptor 1 (sTNFR1; 860 ± 25 vs. 765 ± 42 pg/ml; P < 0.05) were higher in women with the MS (n = 27) than in those without the MS (n = 31). The number of MS components was directly related to weight, body mass index, fat mass, lean mass, visceral fat a...
Linear and nonlinear ARMA model parameter estimation using an artificial neural network

Addresses parametric system identification of linear and nonlinear dynamic systems by analysis of the input and output signals. Specifically, the authors investigate the relationship between estimation of the system using a feedforward neural network model and estimation of the system by use of linear and nonlinear autoregressive moving-average (ARMA) models. By utilizing a neural network model incorporating a polynomial activation function, the authors show the equivalence of the artificial neural network to the linear and nonlinear ARMA models. They compare the parameterization of the estimated system using the neural network and ARMA approaches by utilizing data generated by means of computer simulations. Specifically, the authors show that the parameters of a simulated ARMA system can be obtained from the neural network analysis of the simulated data or by conventional least squares ARMA analysis. The feasibility of applying neural networks with polynomial activation functions to the analysis of experimental data is explored by application to measurements of heart rate (HR) and instantaneous lung volume (ILV) fluctuations.
High-throughput identification of transcription start sites, conserved promoter motifs and predicted regulons

Using 62 probe-level datasets obtained with a custom-designed Caulobacter crescentus microarray chip, we identify transcriptional start sites of 769 genes, 53 of which are transcribed from multiple start sites. Transcriptional start sites are identified by analyzing probe signal cross-correlation matrices created from probe pairs tiled every 5 bp upstream of the genes. Signals from probes binding the same message are correlated. The contribution of each promoter for genes transcribed from multiple promoters is identified. Knowing the transcription start site enables targeted searching for regulatory-protein binding motifs in the promoter regions of genes with similar expression patterns. We identified 27 motifs, 17 of which share no similarity to the characterized motifs of other C. crescentus transcriptional regulators. Using these motifs, we predict coregulated genes. We verified novel promoter motifs that regulate stress-response genes, including those responding to uranium challenge, a stress-response sigma factor and a stress-response noncoding RNA.
familiarity, vocabulary size, and recognition ability in four semantic domains

Fifty-four American college students were asked to rank four domains (musical instruments, fabrics, trees, and hand tools) with respect to their familiarity with each and to rate their knowledge about the domains on a seven-point scale. Then they were asked to list all varieties of each domain they could think of in a free-recall task. Subsequently, they indicated which of the segregates appearing in their lists they could recognize if encountered in a natural setting. Analyses show that the four domains differ significantly in familiarity to the sample, that vocabulary size and recognition ability vary significantly from one domain to another, and that familiarity is a strong predictor of salient vocabulary size, though less so of recognition ability.
Amdb: A Design Tool for Access Methods

Designing and tuning access methods (AMs) has always been more of a black art than a rigorous discipline, with performance assessments being mostly reduced to presenting aggregate runtime or I/O numbers. This paper presents amdb, a comprehensive graphical design tool for AMs that are constructed on top of the Generalized Search Tree abstraction. At the core of amdb lies an an analysis framework for AMs that defines performance metrics that are more useful than traditional summary numbers and thereby allow the AM designer to detect and isolate deficiencies in an AM design. Amdb complements the analysis framework with visualization and debugging functionality, allowing the AM designer to investigate the source of those deficiencies that were brought to light with the help of the performance metrics. Several AM design projects undertaken at U.C.Berkeley have confirmed the usefulness of theion. At the core of amdb lies an an analysis framework for AMs that defines performance metrics that are more useful than traditional summary numbers and thereby allow the AM designer to detect and isolate deficiencies in an AM design. Amdb complements the analysis framework with visualization and debugging functionality, allowing the AM designer to investigate the source of those deficiencies that were brought to light with the help of the performance metrics. Several AM design projects undertaken at U.C.Berkeley have confirmed the usefulness of the analysis framework and its integration with visualization facilities in amdb. The analysis process that produces the performance metrics is fully automated and takes a workload—a tree and a set of queries—as input; the metrics characterize the performance of each query as well as that of the tree structure. Central to the framework is the use of the optimal behavior—which can be approximated relatively efficiently—as a point of reference against which the actual observed performance is compared. The framework applies to most balanced tree-structured AMs and is not restricted to particular types of of data or queries.
Reproductive Development and Response of White Leghorn Pullets Subjected to Increasing Day-Lengths at Different Ages

Abstract REPRODUCTIVE responses of birds to increasing and decreasing photoperiods has been the subject of many studies. However, few reports have dealt with reproductive responses to increasing photoperiod changes at various ages. Change in length of the photoperiod had a greater effect on rate of sexual development and egg production than a constant photoperiod (Morris and Fox, 1958; King, 1958; Lert et al., 1960). Increasing light during the rearing period resulted in early sexual maturity, whereas, decreasing day-lengths retarded sexual development (King, 1961; Shutze et al., 1961; Shutze et al., 1961, 1963; Lowe and Heywang, 1964). Pullets reared on decreasing or short day-lengths, then subjected to increasing day-lengths, responded to the light stimulus with increased production and increased egg size (Morris and Fox, 1958; Shutze et al., 1963; Lowe and Heywang, 1964). Preconditioning of pullets by a reduction in photoperiod initiated prior to 14 weeks of age, resulted in increased egg…
Challenges of randomized controlled trial design in plastic surgery

Randomized controlled trials are the gold standard of evidence-based medicine. In the field of plastic surgery, designing these studies is much more challenging than in pharmaceutical medicine. Randomized trials in plastic surgery encompass several road blocks including problems shared with other surgical trials: equipoise, high cost, placebo issues and learning curves following the establishment of a novel approach. In addition, plastic surgery has more subjective outcomes, thus making study design even more difficult in assessing the end result.
Unusual Thyroid Tumors

A variety of unusual tumors involve the thyroid, including sclerosing mucoepidermoid carcinoma with eosinophils, which has an unusual appearance with infiltrating glandular cells and squamoid cells. Squamous cell carcinoma may involve the thyroid by direct extension from a tumor in the neck or as a metastasis, but primary squamous cell carcinomas of the thyroid also occur. Malignant lymphoma may be primary to the thyroid, or the thyroid may be affected in systemic disease. When limited to the thyroid, Langerhans cell histiocytosis tends to be quite indolent and to remain localized. A variety of mesenchymal tumors affect the thyroid, including solitary fibrous tumor, angiosarcoma, synovial sarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma, but angiosarcomas are among the most common and most aggressive sarcomas affecting the thyroid.
Are We in This Together?: The Dynamics and Performance Implications of Dependence Asymmetry and Joint Dependence in Logistics Outsourcing Relationships

This study investigates the mechanisms through which two dimensions of interorganizational interdependence—dependence asymmetry and joint dependence—impact a customer’s key attitudinal and behavioral dimensions in the relationship with a third-party logistics provider (3PL), as well as associated performance outcomes. Results of a survey with customers of a large 3PL in Brazil indicate that customers embedded in relationships with high levels of joint dependence exhibit higher levels of long-term orientation toward and operational information exchange with the 3PL, which positively impact their logistics outsourcing performance. In addition, it is found that the direction of the customer’s dependence asymmetry—advantage or disadvantage—in the relationship with the 3PL enhances or hinders the effects of joint dependence. Specifically while a customer’s dependence disadvantage positively impacts its long-term orientation, a customer’s dependence advantage negatively impacts its long-term orientation, which can be detrimental to its logistics outsourcing performance.
God Goes to Law School

Even believers are afraid to take God's name in law schools, for a wall has been built between the legal and the spiritual. God is banned from law schools because any shared recognition of God could offend non-believers. But why?
PUBLIC AND PRIVATE LAW PERSPECTIVES: TRANSCRIPT OF PROFESSOR HOWARD ERICHSON

In this short presentation at a symposium on asbestos litigation, I suggest that the drive for global peace - fully comprehensive resolutions in mass tort litigation - leads some participants and commentators to undervalue claimant control over settlement decisions. In the wake of the rejection of asbestos settlement class actions in Amchem and Ortiz, mass tort litigators have pushed the ethical envelope in their efforts to achieve peace without class certification. In particular, I suggest that the mandatory recommendation and attorney withdrawal provisions of the Vioxx settlement were overreactions to the problems of the fen-phen settlement class action.
Residential Mobility and Living Arrangements among the Elderly: Changing Patterns in Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Areas:

Using data from the 1960 and 1970 Public Use Samples and the 1975 Current Population Survey, this study examines the relationship between residential mobility and living arrangements among the elderly. Particular attention is given to temporal change in that relationship as well as to metropolitan-nonmetropolitan differentials. Persons with living arrangements indicative of greater dependency (i.e., persons who are other relatives of household heads) evidence greater mobility than those with greater independence (i.e., primary individuals and heads or spouses of heads). Results further suggest that outmigration from nonmetropolitan areas is particularly selective of those elderly in dependent type living arrangements. Over time, there is also a noticeable increase in migration of heads or spouses, especially from metropolitan to nonmetropolitan environments. It appears that temporal shifts in living arrangements partly account for changes in residential mobility within and between metropolitan and nonmetr...
Acerca del antirrepresentacionalismo de Richard Rorty

La presente comunicacion, de caracter descriptivo, da cuenta de algunos de los aspectos principales que articulan el llamado antirrepresentacionalismo que fuera defendido por el filosofo pragmatista Richard Rorty. Ademas, contiene una explicacion sucinta del modo en que la nocion rortiana de etnocentrismo opera como enlace entre el antirrepresentacionalismo y el liberalismo para, finalmente, proponer a la filosofia como una forma de conversacion y practica social.
Angiotensin II mediates drinking elicited by eating in the rat

Captopril (CA) was used to block synthesis of endogenous angiotensin II (ANG II) in periphery and/or brain of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats in tests for drinking elicited by eating pelleted chow. Blockade of ANG II-converting enzyme (ACE) in periphery alone (using 0.5 mg/kg CA) increased drinking elicited by eating, whereas simultaneous blockade of ACE in periphery and brain (using subcutaneous 100 mg/kg CA or subcutaneous 0.5 mg/kg plus third ventricular 25 micrograms CA) decreased such drinking. The inhibitory effect of 100 mg/kg CA on water-to-food ratio was prevented by a dipsogenically subthreshold subcutaneous dose (5 micrograms/kg) of ANG II. Blockade of ACE in brain alone (third ventricular 25 micrograms CA) had no effect on food-related drinking. Pharmacological antagonism of ANG II (100 mg/kg CA) together with antagonism of histamine H1 and H2 receptors (using intraperitoneal dexbrompheniramine and cimetidine) were not additive in their inhibitory effects on drinking elicited by eating. Blockade of ACE (100 mg/kg CA) inhibited drinking elicited by subcutaneous histamine, but blockade of histamine receptors failed to inhibit drinking elicited by subcutaneous ANG II. These results support a role for endogenous ANG II under what appear to be physiological conditions for drinking behavior, i.e., when drinking is elicited by eating, and they suggest the working hypothesis of ANG II mediation of a histaminergic mechanism for food-related drinking in the rat.
Mechanistic understanding of temperature-driven water and bacterial infiltration during hydrocooling of fresh produce

Abstract Freshly harvested fruits and vegetables (produce) are chilled to extend their shelf life but the chilling process increases opportunities for contamination by pathogenic bacteria carried by water through openings such as stem scars. Using tomato as a representative system, a 3D porous medium transport model is developed. The model simulates the transport of water vapor, liquid water, bacteria, and energy in light of convection–diffusion processes driven by pressure gradients from condensation inside as well as by water concentration gradients between the cooling water and that in the tomato. Results show that increasing the rate of cooling (i.e., creating a higher temperature difference) increases the rate of infiltration due to higher-pressure gradients. A higher temperature differential drives bacteria further into the tomato. A less hydrated tomato will incur deeper and more extensive infiltration. Size, permeability, and diffusivity play a less significant role. The novel mechanistic understanding our study provides should aid in designing safer hydrocooling processes.
Social Studies Concepts: An Analysis of the NAEP and States' Standards.

ABSTRACTThis study examined the 4th-grade National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) assessments (history, geography, and civics) and 3rd- and 4th-grade social studies standards from nine randomly selected states and organized the content around three global concepts (conflict, movement, discovery) and six specific concepts (war, rebellion, immigration, migration, exploration, invention). The extent to which additional related concepts appeared in both documents was recorded, and alignment between the NAEP and standards was determined. Findings revealed that 3rd- and 4th-graders are learning social studies content that represent these global and specific concepts. However, there is variability among states’ standard documents and inconsistencies between what is assessed on the NAEP and what is presented in the standards. In addition, much instruction for these concepts takes place during 4th grade, the same year the NAEP is administered. Implications of these findings, including the urgent need fo...
Religious conservative elites as source cues

Following the lead of J. H. Kuklinski and N. L. Hurley, the authors seek to demonstrate that the use of heuristic principles of judgment can lead citizens to make questionable political choices. They hypothesize that people use the religious content and shun the political content of religious conservative source cues like Pat Robertson and the Christian Coalition when rendering political judgments. They test these hypotheses using an experimental design in which the cue subjects receive is experimentally controlled. They find that the use of heuristic principles of judgment, while promoting efficient and structured decision-making, can sometimes lead people to make questionable political judgments. Their results indicate that the respondents view religious conservative source cues in religious rather than political terms. These findings suggest that religious liberals will favor policies supported by the religious right despite their ideological incompatibility, while secular conservatives will oppose policies supported by the religious right despite their ideological affinity. These results clearly indicate that when citizens employ heuristic principles of judgment, the price of efficient decision-making may be inaccurate political choice. Future research should look more deeply into the accuracy-efficiency tradeoff at the individual level and at how the religious right polarizes public opinion
Further Studies of Gas-Filling in the Insect Tracheal System

1. In Sciara larvae exposed to total anoxia before moulting, all visible movement and all visible change in the content of the tracheal system cease. Moulting and tracheal gas-filling can be postponed at least 1½ hr. beyond normal time. 2. In most third-stage larvae exposed to 0.3-0.75% O 2 before the third moult, the future fourth-stage tracheal system, which is present fully-formed in the body, fills with gas .This shows that although moulting invariably precedes gas-filling under normal circumstances it need not do so. 3. In premoult larvae which have filled their trachea with gas upon exposure to 0.3-0.75% O 2 , the tracheae fill again with liquid when the larvae are put back into atmospheric air. This reversal of gas-filling can be alternated with gas-filling several times in the same individual. 4. The fact that in reversal of gas-filling an increase in pO 2 promotes liquid-filling, whereas in moulted larvae it not only never leads to liquid-filling but actually accelerates gas-filling, indicates that some basic, but at least temporarily reversible physiological or chemical change occurs in the tracheae or in the metabolism of the peritracheal tissue, near the time of moulting. A partial explanation of the observed phenomena can be made in terms of a combination of active uptake and physical uptake of tracheal liquid. Evidence for the existence of both types of mechanism, separately, has been adduced by Wigglesworth in other material.
Thermodynamics: Ideal Gas Properties of Common Combustion Gases

The specific internal energy, enthalpy and entropy at 1 atm pressure for common combustion gases are provided as a function of temperature in the following tables. Table F-1: Ideal gas properties of CO 2 Table F-2: Ideal gas properties of CO Table F-3: Ideal gas properties of O 2 Table F-4: Ideal gas properties of N 2 Table F-5: Ideal gas properties of H 2 O The data in these tables were obtained from EES. The reference state for specific enthalpy is based on the enthalpy of formation relative to the elements at 25°C. The reference state for specific entropy is based on the Third Law of Thermodynamics. The reference values are from: Bonnie J. McBride, Michael J. Zehe, and Sanford Gordon “NASA Glenn Coefficients for CalculatingThermodynamic Properties of Individual Species” NASA/TP-2002-211556, Sept. 2002 http://www.lerc.nasa.gov/WWW/CEAWeb/ Note that these tables can be printed from the website associated with this text, www.cambridge.org/kleinandnellis, for use during closed book examinations.
An Approach for Tailoring Diverse Therapeutic Inducers of Fetal Globin to Genetic Modifier Profiles

Abstract 3188 The clinical severity of the beta thalassemia syndromes and hemoglobinopathies can be dramatically modified by up-regulation of basal fetal globin expression through co-inheritance of 3 influential genetic modifiers, or by fetal globin-inducing therapeutics. One approved therapeutic, Hydroxyurea (HU), benefits some patients, but does not reduce anemia enough to achieve transfusion-independence in many thalassemia patients, and additional HbF-enhancing therapies are needed which can be applied in combination regimens without added toxicity. A challenge to successful application of HbF-inducing therapies is the broad genetic heterogeneity, which produces variable baseline HbF levels, and, to date, unpredictable responsiveness to therapeutics among individual patients. Therapies tailored to genetic modifiers (QTL) which modulate baseline HbF levels would allow rational treatment selection for specific subsets of patients. GWAS screening of 1000 patients in diverse populations, and analyses of patients enrolled on two recent clinical trials in sickle cell disease and beta thalassemia, demonstrated that modifiers in the 3 most influential QTLs which increase HbF or F-cells occur commonly, in 30–50% of patients, with BCL11A polymorphisms occurring in 20–30%. Using molecular modeling and high-throughput screening of chemical libraries, we recently discovered 8 therapeutics (6 clinical-stage or approved) which enhance HbF expression through different mechanisms, including displacement of a repressor complex containing HDAC-3 (RB7) or suppression of BCL11A mRNA (MS-275). Two pan-HDAC inhibitors (Butyrate and MS-275) profoundly decrease the 3 BCL11A isoforms by 80–100% in normal erythroid progenitors, while other HDAC inhibitors (LBH389, SAHA) have no effect or even increase BCL11A expression. Decreases in BCL11A provide a favorable effect, similar to the BCL11A QTL, increasing both baseline HbF levels and responsiveness to HbF-inducing drugs. Other inducers (DLT, Benserazide, NSC95397, RB16, ST20) induce the gamma-globin promoter without epigenetic effects. MS-275, DLT, and RB7 increase the promoter activity by 5–6 fold in normal progenitors, while prior generation short chain fatty acid agents induced by 2-fold. This small but diverse therapeutic pipeline, encompassing different mechanisms of action, now allows: 1) epigenetic and/or non-epigenetic gamma-globin induction; 2) significantly higher induction than prior generation inducers; and 3) potential drug combinations which may benefit those patients who do not have favorable QTL polymorphisms. Individual therapeutics can now be investigated in genotyped subjects to provide a basis for tailoring specific inducer combinations to QTL profiles, offering potential for higher therapeutic benefit. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Possessions and the Transition from Working to Retired Self

Very few studies exist that explore what retirement means to male consumers and how they use products to navigate this life transition. Further, the South American consumer has been almost completely ignored in research on consumption. As life expectancies are increasing worldwide, examination of retirement as a life phase provides opportunities for contributing to theory as well as managerial practice. The purpose of this study is to understand how males perceive the transition from working to retired life and the role of favorite appearance-related possessions in this process.
Effects of student-facilitated learning on instructional facilitators

We investigated perceptions about learning strategy use and instructional roles among a sample of high needs adolescents (n = 230) who acted as near-peer instructional facilitators. The sample was drawn from science and mathematics classes in nonselective public secondary schools in New York City. Students participated in an inschool intervention that draws on social constructivism, theory and research on metacognition and learning strategies, role theory, and empirical findings from the peer-to-peer learning literature to promote advanced achievement among students who act as facilitators. Using a pre- and post-test single group design, we surveyed student instructional facilitators before and after program participation and related their perceptions about learning strategy use and perceptions about teaching roles to data about academic achievement. We found no survey gains in student perceptions about learning strategies or instructional roles between pre-survey (fall) and post-survey (spring). We found small but significant effects of individual perceptions about learning strategies and teaching roles on academic gains among instructional facilitators. The study also suggests that an in-school near-peer facilitated learning program can be an effective means to raise achievement in urban high schools. The study provides partial support for theories that hold that metacognition and role perceptions are involved in the academic gains of instructional facilitators, as gains in these dimensions were small compared to achievement gains.
Integrating uncertain user-generated demand data when locating facilities for disaster response commodity distribution

Abstract This paper presents a new facility location problem variant with application in disaster relief. The problem is unique in that both verified data and unverified user-generated data are available for consideration during decision making. The problem is motivated by the recent need of integrating unverified social data (e.g., Twitter posts) with data from more traditional sources, such as on-the-ground assessments and aerial flyovers, to make optimal decisions during disaster relief. Integrating social data can enable identifying larger numbers of needs in shorter amounts of time, but because the information is unverified, some of it may be inaccurate. This paper seeks to provide a “proof of concept” illustrating how the unverified social data may be exploited. To do so, a framework for incorporating uncertain user-generated data when locating Points of Distribution (PODs) for disaster relief is presented. Then, three decision strategies that differ in how the uncertain data is considered are defined. Finally, the framework and decision strategies are demonstrated via a small computational study to illustrate the benefits user-generated data may afford across a variety of disaster scenarios.
Superheated Water and Ethanol As Green Additives to Process Poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO)

In the expanding industry of polymer processing, a prominent area of current research is to process polymers efficiently without creating any environmental hazards. Processing of poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO) requires high processing temperature and toxic plasticizers due to its high glass transition temperature (Tg) and phenylene oxide groups in the backbone. Very few research works have reported the use of superheated liquids to process high Tg, intractable polymers. This research work presents a systematic study to explore the advantages of processing PPO with superheated liquids composed of two nontoxic and ubiquitous polar liquids, ethanol and water. Microcellular foams of PPO having a density range from 0.13 to 0.56 g/cm3 can be produced with the aid of superheated ethanol, water and ethanol/water mixtures. Such foams also exhibit high specific strength. In addition, PPO can also be extruded with superheated ethanol or ethanol/water mixtures at a temperature, which is 150–180 °C below...
Involuntary sterilization among HIV-positive Garifuna women from Honduras seeking asylum in the United States: Two case reports.

Abstract Voluntary sterilization is one of the most widely used forms of contraception by women worldwide; however, involuntary sterilization is considered a violation of multiple human rights and grounds for asylum in the United States. Women have been disproportionately affected by this practice. We report two cases of involuntary sterilization in HIV-positive Garifuna women from Honduras who sought asylum in America and were medically evaluated at the request of their attorneys. Key lessons can be drawn from these cases with regard to the importance of medical evaluations in establishing persecution. These include the need for a detailed account of the events surrounding sterilization, radiologic proof of tubal blockage if at all possible, and confirmation of significant and enduring mental distress as a result of the involuntary sterilization. Immigration attorneys and medical evaluators need to be attuned to the possibility of a history of involuntary sterilization among at risk women seeking asylum in the United States.
Surgery and Platinum/Etoposide-Based Chemotherapy for the Treatment of Epithelioid Trophoblastic Tumor

Objective Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor (ETT) is a rare variant of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia that develops from chorionic-type intermediate trophoblast, simulates carcinoma, presents years after a pregnancy event, is associated with low or normal human chorionic gonadotropin levels, and is relatively resistant to chemotherapy. Our aim was to identify the role of surgery in combination with platinum/etoposide-based chemotherapy in the management of both localized and metastatic ETT. Methods A retrospective review was performed of women with ETT treated at a gestational trophoblastic disease center from 2010 to 2016. Results Five patients were identified who had complete records. Mean age was 38.0 years. Three women presented with abnormal uterine bleeding, 2 women presented with respiratory complaints, and 1 woman was asymptomatic. Two women had no identifiable antecedent pregnancy, 2 women had spontaneous abortions, and 1 woman had a normal term delivery before diagnosis. Four (80%) of 5 women had metastatic pulmonary disease. All 5 women underwent hysterectomy, and 3 women had resection of metastatic pulmonary disease. The 4 women with metastatic disease were also treated with chemotherapy. All 5 women are currently without evidence of disease. Conclusions Surgery, including hysterectomy and resection of metastatic disease, is an important component in the treatment of women with ETT. Adjuvant chemotherapy with a platinum/etoposide-containing regimen should be used in women with metastatic disease. All 5 women with ETT in this series were cured using this approach, including the 4 who had metastatic disease.
The Use of Protective Equipment in the Management of Severe Behavior Disorders

What do a roller-coaster harness, boxing gloves, a parachute, and a football helmet all have in common? They are all forms of protective equipment or restraints that allow individuals to safely engage in responses that would otherwise be quite dangerous. For example, a parachute allows a person to jump out of a plane flying 10,000 ft above the earth and, in almost all cases, reach the ground safely. In fact, Captain Joe Kittenger jumped from a gondola that was 102,800 ft (19.5 miles) above the earth and lived to tell about it. This amazing feat illustrates the extent to which protective equipment can reduce the health risks associated with dangerous or risky behavior.
What Business Leaders Can Learn from Jazz Musicians About Emergent Processes

Using the jazz metaphor, conventional wisdom suggests that managers (jazz band leaders) should lead knowledge workers engaged in emergent work processes (jazz band members), using plans as guides, becoming experts in the work they’re managing, hiding the emergent nature of the work from their customers, and leading charismatically in the face of uncertainty. The authors’ research and experience, with both jazz and management, indicates that this conventional wisdom does not capture the essence of what either successful managers or jazz leaders do, since it separates learning from doing the business of emergent work. Instead, successful managers of emergent work focus on conversations, not plans; they rely on and constantly build mental maps of the expertise in their ‘bands’; they engage rather than hide from the public, as knowledge about the work emerges, and they lead through making connections, not through charismatic showmanship.
ARTMAP Neural Network Multisensor Fusion Model for Multiscale Land Cover Characterization

Land cover characterization is essential for terrestrial ecosystem and climate modeling, monitoring and prediction. Satellite remote sensing represents the only feasible way to monitor and model many important global change processes by providing repetitive global scale coverage. As a result, typically land cover classification is based on the use of low spatial resolution data such as AVHRR and MODIS (Loveland et al. 2000; Friedl et al. 2002.). But of the global and regional scale, land cover consists of heterogeneous mixtures of different land cover types with exceptions of vast expanses of desert, grassland or forest. Normally, such land cover characterization at regional and global scales are often validated and complemented using fine resolution imagery such as Landsat TM. This line of research has led to multiscale land cover characterization using multisensor fusion of remote sensing data.
Melt-modified lithosphere beneath Ross Island and its role in the tectono-magmatic evolution of the West Antarctic Rift System

Abstract Mantle lithosphere influences rift system tectonic evolution, yet the age and composition of rifted lithosphere is typically difficult to constrain due to limited sampling. In the West Antarctic Rift System (WARS), Cenozoic to recent alkaline volcanic rocks yield a variety of peridotite and pyroxenite xenoliths that allow sampling of lithosphere. We report osmium and helium isotope data, elemental abundances, and petrology, for a suite of xenoliths and lavas from the Hut Point Peninsula of Ross Island. Recently ( 187Os systematics of the lavas, pyroxenites and lherzolites define an apparent isochron, with an initial 187Os/188Os ratio of 0.1286 ± 0.0001. The initial 187Os/188Os ratio is within uncertainty of dunite and harzburgite xenolith Os isotope compositions (0.1279–0.1303). Pervasive evidence for melt-rock interaction indicates that the straight-line relationship in 187Re/188Os-187Os/188Os space is a mixing line between high Re/Os lavas with radiogenic 187Os/188Os, and dunite and harzburgite. Petrological and geochemical evidence indicates that dunite and harzburgite xenoliths represent young lithosphere, with rhenium depletion ages up to ~250 Ma. The timing of formation and composition of the Hut Point Peninsula xenoliths are consistent with both destruction and creation of mantle lithosphere during or after subduction along the Gondwana margin, prior to WARS formation. Modification of mantle lithosphere by subduction is also consistent with generation of HIMU-like metasomatized mantle reservoirs that fed Cenozoic to recent alkali volcanism of Mount Erebus and the WARS. The presence of young lithosphere within the WARS has collateral implications for rift dynamics and melting processes, especially beneath Mount Erebus, contrasting with older lithospheric mantle beneath the Trans-Antarctic Mountains and Marie Byrd Land.
When Capacitors Attack: Formal Method Driven Design and Detection of Charge-Domain Trojans

The rapid growth and globalization of the integrated circuit (IC) industry put the threat of hardware Trojans (HTs) front and center among all security concerns in the IC supply chain. Current Trojan detection approaches always assume HTs are composed of digital circuits. However, recent demonstrations of analog attacks, such as A2 and Rowhammer, invalidate the digital assumption in previous HT detection or testing methods. At the system level, attackers can utilize the analog properties of the underlying circuits such as charge-sharing and capacitive coupling effects to create information leakage paths. These new capacitor-based vulnerabilities are rarely covered in digital testings. To address these stealthy yet harmful threats, we identify a large class of such capacitor-enabled attacks and define them as charge-domain Trojans. We are able to abstract the detailed charge-domain models for these Trojans and expose the circuit-level properties that critically contribute to their information leakage paths. Aided by the abstract models, an information flow tracking (IFT) based solution is developed to detect charge-domain leakage paths and then identify the charge-domain Trojans/vulnerabilities. Our proposed method is validated on an experimental RISC microcontroller design injected with different variants of charge-domain Trojans. We demonstrate that successful detection can be accomplished with an automatic tool which realizes the IFT-based solution.
An Approach toward Isoindolobenzazepines Using the Ammonium Ylide/Stevens [1,2]-Rearrangement Sequence

Ammonium ylides derived from the Cu(II)-catalyzed decomposition of α-diazo carbonyls tethered to tertiary amines underwent a benzylic Stevens [1,2]-rearrangement to give tetrahydroisoquinolines or benzazepines containing fused five-membered rings, a feature found in the cephalotaxus alkaloids. Model studies were also carried out toward the synthesis of lennoxamine, a member of the isoindolobenzazepine family of alkaloids. The approach utilized is based on the Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of an α-diazo carbonyl compound containing an amido group in the γ-position. Treatment of several N,N-dialkyl-substituted amido diazo-esters with Rh2(OAc)4 in benzene at 80 °C in the presence of several dienophiles gave [4 + 2]-cycloadducts derived from the Diels−Alder reaction of a transient α-amino isobenzofuran intermediate. In the absence of an external trapping agent, no rearranged product derived from an ammonium ylide intermediate could be detected in the crude reaction mixture. In contrast to this result, reaction of...
Trajectories of Suicide Ideation and Attempts from Early Adolescence to Mid-Adulthood: Associations with Race/Ethnicity

Prior research has demonstrated that behavioral, demographic, and mental health characteristics are associated with suicide, particularly among youth and young adults. Although recent research has begun to explore developmental trajectories of suicide-related outcomes, few studies to date have extended beyond late adolescence. Understanding different trajectories of suicide-related thoughts and behaviors from adolescence through mid-adulthood has the potential to refine developmental perspectives on suicide risk and to inform prevention efforts. Using National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health data (n = 9421 respondents with data at all four waves), this study analyzed suicide-related outcomes across ages 12–31 years. Growth mixture modeling (GMM) was used to estimate trajectory classes for past-year suicide ideation and attempts, followed by multinomial logistic regression to explore the association between race/ethnicity and class membership. In weighted descriptive analyses, the sample was 50.0% female; it was 15.5% African American, 2.1% Asian/Pacific Islander, 12.0% Hispanic, 0.9% other, and 65.9% White. GMM results revealed three trajectory classes for ideation: sustained higher risk, sustained lower risk, and adolescent-limited risk. Two trajectory classes emerged for attempts: declining higher risk and sustained lower risk. For ideation, African Americans were less likely than Whites to be in either the sustained higher risk or the adolescent-limited risk trajectory. For attempts, African Americans had significantly lower odds than Whites and Asians/Pacific Islanders had nearly four times the odds of Whites of being in the sustained higher risk trajectory, though the latter was only marginally significant. The finding of associations between race/ethnicity and distinct patterns of suicide-related behavioral development from early adolescence into mid-adulthood suggests new directions for developmental research and provides evidence to inform future suicide prevention efforts.