cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stroke in a Healthy 46-Year-Old Man

This article presents the case of a healthy 46-year-old man who experienced a dissection of the internal carotid artery. The diagnosis of this condition is not usually clear-cut, especially in a young patient with unremarkable medical history, and because of the similarity of symptoms with migraine. Often there is no obvious cause of a cerebral artery dissection, although subtle abnormalities of connective tissue may be present. Anticoagulation is generally used for therapy, but clinical trials are lacking. Carotid artery dissection should be considered as a cause of stroke in young healthy adults.
Reduction of missed appointments at an urban primary care clinic: a randomised controlled study

Missed appointments are known to interfere with appropriate care and to misspend medical and administrative resources. The aim of this study was to test the effectiveness of a sequential intervention reminding patients of their upcoming appointment and to identify the profile of patients missing their appointments. We conducted a randomised controlled study in an urban primary care clinic at the Geneva University Hospitals serving a majority of vulnerable patients. All patients booked in a primary care or HIV clinic at the Geneva University Hospitals were sent a reminder 48 hrs prior to their appointment according to the following sequential intervention: 1. Phone call (fixed or mobile) reminder; 2. If no phone response: a Short Message Service (SMS) reminder; 3. If no available mobile phone number: a postal reminder. The rate of missed appointment, the cost of the intervention, and the profile of patients missing their appointment were recorded. 2123 patients were included: 1052 in the intervention group, 1071 in the control group. Only 61.7% patients had a mobile phone recorded at the clinic. The sequential intervention significantly reduced the rate of missed appointments: 11.4% (n = 122) in the control group and 7.8% (n = 82) in the intervention group (p 1year (OR 2.2; CI: 1.15-4.2), substance abuse (2.09, CI 1.21-3.61), and being an asylum seeker (OR 2.73: CI 1.22-6.09). A practical reminder system can significantly increase patient attendance at medical outpatient clinics. An intervention focused on specific patient characteristics could further increase the effectiveness of appointment reminders.
Posterior maxillary osteotomies: an aid for a difficult prosthodontic problem.

Abstract Patients who have supereruption of posterior dentoalveolar segments provide an interesting challenge to the dentist. The severe problems require a team approach to achieve the best results. Factors influencing the treatment include the periodontal status of the involved teeth as well as the concern of the patient. The posterior maxillary osteotomy provides the chance to maintain vital functional teeth in an otherwise difficult situation. It must be emphasized that the patient must wear an opposing splint or prosthesis following surgery to prevent relapse. This conservative approach maintains the teeth and their vitality and anatomically repositions the supererupted segment to an improved functional position.
The opium war at the ‘roof of the world’: the ‘elimination’ of addiction in Soviet Badakhshan

This article provides an overview of drug consumption in the Pamirs in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and examines the evolution of the early Soviet responses to opium smoking in Soviet Badakhshan on the basis of published literature, archival materials, oral histories and medical records. The author demonstrates that biomedicine remained significantly underdeveloped in that region during the first decades of Soviet rule, with central and local authorities relying on punitive and restrictive administrative measures in their fight against drug addiction. As these measures failed to wipe out opiate addiction in Gorno-Badakhshan, the opium war at the ‘roof of the world’ culminated in the Great Terror, providing the Stalinist regime with the ‘radical’ solution by liquidating drug dealers without any ‘show trials’ and incarcerating opiate consumers. The consequences of such administrative regulation of addiction in Soviet Badakhshan were dire: in the years between 1941 and 1968, only few pat...
Metabolic interdependencies between phylogenetically novel fermenters and respiratory organisms in an unconfined aquifer

Fermentation-based metabolism is an important ecosystem function often associated with environments rich in organic carbon, such as wetlands, sewage sludge and the mammalian gut. The diversity of microorganisms and pathways involved in carbon and hydrogen cycling in sediments and aquifers and the impacts of these processes on other biogeochemical cycles remain poorly understood. Here we used metagenomics and proteomics to characterize microbial communities sampled from an aquifer adjacent to the Colorado River at Rifle, CO, USA, and document interlinked microbial roles in geochemical cycling. The organic carbon content in the aquifer was elevated via acetate amendment of the groundwater occurring over 2 successive years. Samples were collected at three time points, with the objective of extensive genome recovery to enable metabolic reconstruction of the community. Fermentative community members include organisms from a new phylum, Melainabacteria, most closely related to Cyanobacteria, phylogenetically novel members of the Chloroflexi and Bacteroidales, as well as candidate phyla genomes (OD1, BD1-5, SR1, WWE3, ACD58, TM6, PER and OP11). These organisms have the capacity to produce hydrogen, acetate, formate, ethanol, butyrate and lactate, activities supported by proteomic data. The diversity and expression of hydrogenases suggests the importance of hydrogen metabolism in the subsurface. Our proteogenomic data further indicate the consumption of fermentation intermediates by Proteobacteria can be coupled to nitrate, sulfate and iron reduction. Thus, fermentation carried out by previously unknown members of sediment microbial communities may be an important driver of nitrogen, hydrogen, sulfur, carbon and iron cycling.
Correction to the Holotype (AMNH FM 9394) of Merychippus proparvulus Osborn, 1918 (Perissodactyla, Equidae)

On a recent research trip to the American Museum of Natural History (AMNH), it was discovered that the holotype of Merychippus proparvulus Osborn, 1918:117 (Perissodactyla, Equidae), included postc...
Material selection for the torque tubes of large superconducting rotating machinery

Abstract This report identifies properties to be considered when selecting materials used in construction of torque tubes for rotating superconducting field windings in electrical machinery. The main design requirements are stated and the groups of material properties that influence directly the mechanical and thermal performance of a torque tube are derived. Most desirable is a low thermal conductivity to modulus of elasticity ratio which governs the refrigeration expenses and the tube wall aspect ratio (thickness/length). Numerical examples point out that fibre-reinforced plastics are potential candidates for use in torque tubes.
Nathan Scott and the Nostalgic Fallacy: A Close Reading of Theological Criticism

LTHOUGH such scholars as Halford Luccock, Amos Wilder, Stanley Romaine Hopper, and Preston Roberts precede him in the enterprise, Nathan A. Scott, Jr. has, in the last decade and a half, clearly become the main representative of a theologically informed literary criticism. When Time Magazine not long ago called him "a leading exemplar of a fast-growing speciality in U.S. seminaries and universities: the joint study of literature and theology,"' it reported no manufactured psuedo-event, but confirmed in the popular media what the academic community had already acknowledged. Through a burgeoning bibliography,2 as well as through his lecturing and, increasingly, through his former students, Scott has helped to establish a new
Effects of Gender and Prior Swim Exercise on Glucose Uptake in Isolated Skeletal Muscles from Mice

The purpose of this study was to characterize the effects of prior swim exercise on glucose uptake in isolated skeletal muscles of mice. Male and female mice (C57BL/6) performing 180 min of swimming had significantly decreased glycogen concentration compared to resting controls in soleus, extensor digitorum longus (EDL), and epitrochlearis muscles, regardless of gender. Glucose uptake by isolated muscles was measured using [(3)H]-2-deoxyglucose without insulin or with 180 pmol/l insulin (20, 75, or 200 min post-exercise and sedentary) or 12,000 pmol/l (20 or 200 min post-exercise and sedentary) in the soleus and EDL and without insulin or with 12,000 pmol/l insulin (20 or 200 min post-exercise and sedentary) in the epitrochlearis. Glucose uptake was higher (P < or = 0.01) for female versus male mice at each insulin concentration in the soleus and EDL, but not the epitrochlearis. Although prolonged (180 min) swim exercise did not alter subsequent glucose uptake, a shorter duration exercise protocol (60 min) tested in male mice (20 min post-exercise) led to a 1.5-fold increase in insulin-independent glucose uptake in EDL muscles. However, insulin-stimulated (180 pmol/l) glucose uptake was not altered by 60 min exercise in EDL or soleus. In light of these results, swim exercise is not recommended to evaluate the exercise-induced improvement in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake of muscles of C57BL/6 mice.
Probing correlated electron systems by photoemission techniques

Abstract An overview is given of the use of electron spectroscopy, particularly photoemission, to probe strongly correlated electron systems (SCES). Past and present studies of f-electron materials, and of high T c and other low-dimensional materials are discussed from two related general viewpoints, (1) the emergence of low energy scale physics from high energy scale fluctuations, and (2) the possibility that the low energy scale physics of some systems is not that of a Fermi liquid (FL).
HipGISAXS: a high-performance computing code for simulating grazing-incidence X-ray scattering data

This article describes the development of a flexible grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) simulation code in the framework of the distorted wave Born approximation that effectively utilizes the parallel processing power provided by graphics processors and multicore processors. The code, entitled High-Performance GISAXS, computes the GISAXS image for any given superposition of user-defined custom shapes or morphologies in a material and for various grazing-incidence angles and sample orientations. These capabilities permit treatment of a wide range of possible sample structures, including multilayered polymer films and nanoparticles on top of or embedded in a substrate or polymer film layers. In cases where the material displays regions of significant refractive index contrast, an algorithm has been implemented to perform a slicing of the sample and compute the averaged refractive index profile to be used as the reference geometry of the unperturbed system. A number of case studies are presented, which demonstrate good agreement with the experimental data for a variety of polymer and hybrid polymer/nanoparticle composite materials. The parallelized simulation code is well suited for addressing the analysis efforts required by the increasing amounts of GISAXS data being produced by high-speed detectors and ultrafast light sources.
Elastic scattering from the multiperipheral model

Elastic scattering in the Multiperipheral Model (MPM) is examined by use of a new method for simplifying unitary calculations - multiparticle impact parameter. The t dependence of elastic scattering in the MPM is related to the average transverse momentum of produced particles, the average multiplicities (observables), phase variation with transverse momentum, and clustering (not observables, in general). It is shown that MPM's are inconsistent with the combination of elastic and multiparticle data, unless either the duster size or the phases have rather strong energy dependence. Elastic scattering following from the Multiperipheral Model (MPM) by unitarity has been widely studied [1-3]. In this paper a new method, multiparticle impact parameter [4], is applied to this problem. The multiperipheral model shares a number of features with the multiparticle data, such as limited transverse momentum, a spread of longitudinal momenta, etc. We will take these features from the data, so as to use as few details of the model as possible, and also so as not to allow the model to fit elastic scattering by means of a failure to fit multiparticle scattering. There is, however, one feature of the MPM which is somewhat independent of the multiparticle data, and which distinguishes the MPM from other models which fit multiparticle data equally well. This feature is short range order. We will examine the effect short range order has on the elastic scattering.
Threshold Current Reduction in a Vertical-cavity Surface-emitting Laser via Electron Spin Injection

Semiconductor spintronics has been the subject of intensive experimental and theoretical investigations aimed at realizing devices which can outperform their charge-based counterparts. The spin-polarized vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (spin-VCSEL) promises a number of advantages over a conventional VCSEL and has potential applications in cryptographic communications and reconfigurable optical interconnects. Here we report the first demonstration of a threshold current reduction in a spin-polarized vertical-cavity surface- emitting laser (spin-VCSEL) through electrical injection of spin-polarized electrons
Mycophenolate therapy of SLE membranous nephropathy.

Mycophenolate therapy of SLE membranous nephropathy. Background The immunosuppressant mycophenolic acid (MMF) has been used successfully to manage proliferative forms of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) glomerulonephritis (GN) World Health Organization (WHO) Classes III and IV. Less is known about MMF treatment of membranous SLE GN (WHO Class V, SLE MN). Methods We report our experience with MMF therapy in 13 consecutive SLE MN patients participating in a prospective study of risk factors for SLE flare. Results Baseline characteristics were: mean age 33 ± 14 SD years, female/male ratio 11/2, Caucasians 7, African Americans 5, Oriental 1, serum creatinine 1.02 ± 0.41, and mean 24-hour urine protein (P)/creatinine (C), ratio 5.1 ± 4.1. Initial therapy was prednisone mean dose 31 ± 17 mg/day, and MMF mean dose 1173 ± 746 mg/day. Therapy also featured interventions to achieve renoprotection and proteinuria reduction. At 6 months of therapy, complete or partial remission was achieved in 10 of 13 patients. At most recent follow-up visit (mean follow-up 16 ± 8 months), 9 of 13 patients were in complete remission, and in 11 of 13 patients, urine P/C ratio was Conclusion These promising results suggest that moderate dose MMF in combination with renoprotective/antiproteinuria therapy warrants further study in the management of SLE MN.
Doppler Echocardiography Inaccurately Estimates Right Ventricular Pressure in Children with Elevated Right Heart Pressure

Background Doppler echocardiography (DE) is widely used as a surrogate for right heart catheterization (RHC), the gold standard, to assess and monitor elevated right heart pressure in children. However, its accuracy has not been prospectively validated in children. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the accuracy of DE in predicting simultaneously measured right ventricular (RV) pressure by RHC in pediatric patients and to determine if the degree of RV hypertension affects the accuracy of DE in assessing right heart pressure. Methods Eighty children (age range, 0–17.9 years; median age, 5.5 years) with two-ventricle physiology and a wide range of right heart pressures underwent simultaneous DE and RHC. The pressure gradient between the right ventricle and the right atrium was directly measured by RHC and simultaneously estimated by DE using tricuspid regurgitation. Patients were then grouped on the basis of RHC-measured RV systolic pressure (RVSP): group 1 ( n = 43), with RVSP n = 37), with RVSP ≥ 1/2 SBP; group 3 ( n = 56), with RVSP n = 24), with RVSP ≥ 2/3 SBP. Correlation and Bland-Altman analyses were performed on all groups. Accuracy was predefined as 95% limits of agreement within ±10 mm Hg. Results Despite a reasonable correlation between DE and RHC in all groups, there was poor agreement between techniques as RVSP/SBP increased. DE was inaccurate in one of 43 patients in group 1 (2%) versus nine of 37 in group 2 (24%) and was inaccurate in one of 56 patients in group 3 (2%) versus eight of 24 in group 4 (33%). Overestimation and underestimation occurred equally in all groups. Conclusion DE inaccurately estimates RV pressure in children with elevated right heart pressure. It should not be relied on as the sole method of assessing right heart hemodynamics in children with RV hypertension.
Structural Performance of Pultruded Composites under Elevated Temperatures

One of the major limitations for wider use of pultruded fiber reinforced polymeric (PFRP) composites in the civil engineering sector has been their behavior under elevated temperature and ultimately fire. This limitation arises not only due to the reduction in mechanical properties at high temperatures, including increased propensity to creep, but also due to limitations on the continuous working temperature causing permanent damage to the material as a result of thermal and oxidative degradation. Significant gains in property retention at high temperatures with crystalline polymers have been derived from the incorporation of fibrous reinforcement, but the development of new polymer matrices is the key for further elevation of the useful temperature range. This paper presents summary results of a research project focused on characterizing the viscoelastic behavior of commercially-produced, off-the-shelf unidirectional PFRP materials subjected to elevated temperature environments.
Generalization of the Lindhard dielectric function to include fluctuation effects

The random-phase-approximation dielectric function for the homogeneous electron gas has been derived by Lindhard. Here, we generalize this work to include fluctuation effects, and we also study their influence on the Friedel oscillations. In particular, our generalized function is analytic for all wave vectors and frequencies, in contrast to the Lindhard function.
High‐resolution seismic investigations of shallow flow site in the Gulf of Mexico

Results from a very recent (Feb 2005) deep-tow multichannel seismic investigation of a shallow flow site near the MARS platform were taken along a track line where, previously, industry standard high-resolution seismic data had been acquired. The increased resolution obtained with data from the deep-tow seismic instrument (Gettrust, Ross and Rowe (1991) Wood and Gettrust (2001)) reveal details of the geologic structure not resolved using the conventional technique. We observe structural differences between the north end of a high-resolution seismic track line and the southern end (near the MARS platform). We compare these differences together with other deep-tow data taken to the west of the shallow flow site (which we assume represents an area where no shallow-flow potential exists). We conclude that there are features in the deep-tow seismic data that are consistent with fluid flow or migration in the area where shallow-flow has been observed. However, it is not yet clear from our preliminary analyses if the deep-tow MCS technique can be used to predict areas where shallow-flow is likely.
Iterative solution of a coupled mixed and standard Galerkin discretization method for elliptic problems

In this paper, we consider approximation of a second-order elliptic problem defined on a domain in two-dimensional Euclidean space. Partitioning the domain into two subdomains, we consider a technique proposed by Wieners and Wohlmuth [9] for coupling mixed finite element approximation on one subdomain with a standard finite element approximation on the other. In this paper, we study the iterative solution of the resulting linear system of equations. This system is symmetric and indefinite (of saddle-point type). The stability estimates for the discretization imply that the algebraic system can be preconditioned by a block diagonal operator involving a preconditioner for H(div) (on the mixed side) and one for the discrete Laplacian (on the finite element side). Alternatively, we provide iterative techniques based on domain decomposition. Utilizing subdomain solvers, the composite problem is reduced to a problem defined only on the interface between the two subdomains. We prove that the interface problem is symmetric, positive definite and well conditioned and hence can be effectively solved by a conjugate gradient iteration. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Culture, control, and coping: New perspectives on social support

Researchers have offered various explanations for inconsistent findings in the social support literature. Some contend that the detection of either buffering or direct effects depends on the mode of measurement. Others have demonstrated that person variables (e.g., locus of control) moderate support utilization during stressful times. This study attempts to integrate the issues of measure type, locus of control orientation, and cultural influence in a comprehensive study comparing Anglo-Americans and Chinese nationals. Measures appropriate for testing the stress-buffering model of social support were given to 198 students in a Midwestern university and 200 students in mainland China. Both measure type and locus of control orientation mediated the process of support utilization in each culture, but not in the same manner across cultures. For Anglos, stress-buffering effects of both perceived and received support were found only with internals. For Chinese, main effects and a buffering pattern from perceived support were found only with externals. The received support measure yielded negative buffering effects with the latter culture.
Density-Dependent Development in Wyeomyia smithii (Diptera: Culicidae): Intraspecific Competition Is Not the Result of Interference

Density-dependent development in the pitcher plant mosquito, Wyeomyia smithii (Coquillett), indicates variation in competitive ability both within and between populations. We tested 2 disparate populations of W. smithii for 3 types of interference competition: chemical and encounter competition and cannibalism. We found no significant effects of any of these interference mechanisms or variation in food consumption within or between populations. We suggest that asymmetric competition in W. smithii is more likely the result of differences in assimilation or use of assimilated resources than to larval interference or differential ability to consume food.
How Parents Label Objects for Young Children: The Role of Input in the Acquisition of Category Hierarchies.

CALLANAN, MAUREEN A. How Parents Label Objects for Young Children: The Role of Input in the Acquisition of Category Hierarchies. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1985, 56, 508-523. Young children readily learn categories at the basic level, but they have difficulty organizing categories into hierarchies. Parents may influence this acquisition through the information they provide about categories at different levels. Adults use basic level terms in naming objects for children. They also may "anchor" children at the basic level by not using superordinate or subordinate terms for an object unless it is also labeled with a basic level tenn. However, these labeling patterns could be accounted for by a confounding of familiarity with category level. Basic level terms are the most familiar to children, and parents may use them for that reason, rather than to provide information about levels. 2 studies were conducted in which mothers taught concepts to their 2-4-year-old children with pictures that varied in familiarity. The anchoring effect was partially replicated. When teaching superordinates, mothers used basic ostension more than superordinate ostension, regardless of the familiarity of the basic level names for the pictures. However, there was no such anchoring effect when subordinate categories were taught. Further, mothers' teaching of superordinate categories contrasted with their teaching of basic and subordinate categories in other ways: superordinate terms were used often with groups of objects rather than single objects, and explicit statements of inclusion occurred only when superordinate categories were being taught. The results suggest that children must learn basic and subordinate categories through ostensive labeling, but that they are given extra infonnation that may help them to learn superordinate categories.
Uncoupler-dependent decrease in midpoint potential of the chloroplast cytochrome b6.

Abstract 1. The midpoint potential of cytochrome b6 in freshly prepared coupled chloroplasts is approximately +5 mV and the slope of the titration curve is characteristic of a two-electron transition. Subsequent titrations performed one-half hour or more after chloroplast preparation show a slight negative shift of the midpoint potential and a one-electron slope. 2. Titrations of cytochrome b6 in the presence of carbonylcyanide-p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP) or NH4Cl show the midpoint potential of approximately half the b6 complement negatively shifted to about −140 mV. 3. Brief exposure of the chloroplasts to NH4Cl and actinic illumination under typical uncoupling conditions with controlled potential conditions causes a shift in oxidation state consistent with a lowering of the average midpoint potential to about −100 mV. It is concluded that the midpoint potential of at least half the cytochrome b6 undergoes a negatively directed shift of 100–150 mV under uncoupling conditions in the presence of NH4Cl and FCCP.
Neurologic heuristics and artistic whimsy: the cerebral cartography of Wilder Penfield.

Neurosurgeon Wilder Penfield played a singularly important role in expanding our knowledge of functional neuroanatomy and neurophysiology in the twentieth century. Trained under Charles Sherrington, William Osler, and Otfrid Foerster, Penfield was an early leader in efforts to map the cerebral cortex via direct electrical stimulation of the brain. In 1937, Penfield introduced an entirely new concept for illustrating the relative sizes and locations of discrete functional regions within the sensorimotor cortex–—the homunculus—to exemplify the “order and comparative extent” of specific functional regions. Over the subsequent two decades, Penfield and colleagues introduced several more “little men” to portray the functional maps of other important brain structures (i.e., supplementary motor area, insular cortex, thalamus). These later homunculi were more crudely drawn, and Penfield referred to them as essentially heuristic devices. The actual intent in producing these homunculi remains uncertain, and despite...
Cellular uptake of polymeric nanocapsules loaded with ICG by human blood monocytes and human spleen macrophages

Indocyanine green (ICG) is an FDA approved near infrared dye used in assessment of hepatic function and ophthalmological vascular imaging. However, given the rapid clearance of ICG from the blood stream, its imaging and phototherapeutic applications remain very limited. As a potential method to increase circulation time of ICG, and extend its clinical applications, we have encapsulated ICG within polymeric based nanoconstructs whose surface can be coated with various materials including polyethylene glycol (PEG). To gain an understanding of the interaction between ICG-containing nanocapsules (ICG-NCs) and vascular cells, we are characterizing the uptake of the nanocapsules coated with various materials by human peripheral blood monocytes and human spleen macrophages using fluorescence microscopy. Results of these studies will be useful in identifying the appropriate coating material that will result in increased circulation time of ICG-NCs within the vasculature.
The response of the human periodontal ligament to torsional loading—I. Experimental methods

Abstract A test technique is described in which torsional loads are applied to human maxillary central incisors in vivo . The central axis of the incisor is located by a stereoscopic X-ray method and the tooth loading device is adjusted by means of a setting jig so that torque is applied about this central axis. The maximum torque which can be applied is ± 0·05 Nm and the maximum rotation of the tooth is ± 0·02 radian (± 1·2). A servo-control system allows one to apply any desired torque or deflection history. e.g. a creep or stress relaxation test or a cyclic load of any waveform. Initial results obtained with this system are presented and show that the torque vs rotation response is initially linear but becomes highly nonlinear at higher torques. Creep tests and cyclic loading tests indicate that the periodontal ligament is viscoelastic in nature. Periods of cyclic loading separated by rest periods of 1–20 min show that the commonly observed decrease in tissue stiffness during the initial few load cycles is not a permanent effect in this in vivo test. Recovery to the initial stiffness takes place rapidly. e.g. 50 per cent recovery in 5 min at zero load.
Sm/GaAs(110) interface formation: Surface instabilities and kinetic constraints

Synchrotron radiation photoemission results for Sm/GaAs(110) interfaces formed and studied at 20 and 300 K show temperature dependencies that can be related to differences in surface growth structures and kinetic constraints. Submonolayer growth at 300 K produces two distinct ordered Sm chain configurations, as shown by scanning tunneling microscopy, and the photoemission results demonstrate that Sm atoms in these chains are divalent. These low‐surface‐density divalent configurations are precursors to surface disruption that, with additional Sm deposition, produce reacted clusters in which the Sm atoms are trivalent. Ultimately, Sm metal nucleation occurs on the reacted region and the overlayer thickens, with Ga and As atoms segregating to the surface region. For 20‐K growth, the valence‐band results show much slower conversion from divalent to trivalent Sm bonding, despite evidence that the amount of disruption is equivalent at 20 and 300 K. We attribute these differences, and those in the Ga and As core...
Creating Effective Research Relationships in Organizations

The importance of behavioral science research is increasingly being recognized by administrators. They are looking for useful research results by attending hundreds of meetings where behavioral scientists discuss their research; reading journals and newsletters; and becoming surprisingly well-informed concerning the basic studies in the field. Other signs of the developing recognitions of the behavioral sciences are the increasing number of requests for researchers, and full-time positions in industry requiring "directors of behavioral science research." The demand in both cases outstrips the supply of competent applicants. In an even more significant trend, three of the largest management consulting firms have been looking for behavioral scientists who will conduct continuing systematic research programs into their own problems and also raise questions about new areas of activity for the future.
Influence of Magnesium Ions on Duplex DNA Structural, Dynamic, and Solvation Properties

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed on the DNA dodecamer comprising the EcoRI recognition site in aqueous solution. Three simulations, each of 1 ns duration, were performed that included no salt, 0.26 M Mg+2, and 0.50 M Mg2+ and 0.59 M Cl-. The simulations yielded stable structures that were intermediate to the canonical A and B conformations of DNA. Certain aspects of the MD solution structures are similar to the EcoRI dodecamer crystal structure. Interactions of the phosphates with Mg2+ occur primarily with Mg+2 fully hydrated, although direct ion−phosphate contact pairs are observed. The presence of Mg2+ leads to decreased root mean square fluctuations of the DNA phosphate backbone and the waters hydrating the DNA major groove and phosphate backbone. Calculations also indicate a small increase in hydration of the minor groove and phosphate backbone due to the presence of Mg2+. These results suggest that decreased water mobility rather than decreased hydration number is responsible for Mg...
Dynamic Behavior of an Intrinsically Unstructured Linker Domain Is Conserved in the Face of Negligible Amino Acid Sequence Conservation

Proteins or regions of proteins that do not form compact globular structures are classified as intrinsically unstructured proteins (IUPs). IUPs are common in nature and have essential molecular functions, but even a limited understanding of the evolution of their dynamic behavior is lacking. The primary objective of this work was to test the evolutionary conservation of dynamic behavior for a particular class of IUPs that form intrinsically unstructured linker domains (IULD) that tether flanking folded domains. This objective was accomplished by measuring the backbone flexibility of several IULD homologues using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The backbone flexibility of five IULDs, representing three kingdoms, was measured and analyzed. Two IULDs from animals, one IULD from fungi, and two IULDs from plants showed similar levels of backbone flexibility that were consistent with the absence of a compact globular structure. In contrast, the amino acid sequences of the IULDs from these three taxa showed no significant similarity. To investigate how the dynamic behavior of the IULDs could be conserved in the absence of detectable sequence conservation, evolutionary rate studies were performed on a set of nine mammalian IULDs. The results of this analysis showed that many sites in the IULD are evolving neutrally, suggesting that dynamic behavior can be maintained in the absence of natural selection. This work represents the first experimental test of the evolutionary conservation of dynamic behavior and demonstrates that amino acid sequence conservation is not required for the conservation of dynamic behavior and presumably molecular function.
From Indiafm.com to Radio Ceylon: new media and the making of the Bombay film industry:

How did Bombay emerge and maintain its position as the pre-eminent media capital in India? Focusing on the film industry in particular, scholars have identified a number of key factors: the city’s position as a center of trade and commerce, and the influx, through the decades, of mercantile capital into filmmaking; its status as a vibrant cultural center, with established theater movements initially providing the film industry with a range of creative personnel; the use of Hindi which accorded the Bombay-based film industry (located in a multi-lingual city and in a state where the official language is Marathi) ‘national’ status whereas film industries in cities like Madras and Hyderabad were ascribed ‘regional’ status; and the impact of India’s partition on other centers of film production, most notably Calcutta and Lahore, and the migration of a number of producers, directors, actors and technicians to Bombay during this period (Ganti, 2004; Rajadhyaksha, 1999; Thorner and Patel, 1995). In this article, I seek to add another important factor that might account for why Bombay has managed to maintain its position as a national media capital and claim ‘global’ status in ways that no other center of media production has been able to: the role played by new media – radio, television, the internet and the mobile phone – in enabling the Bombay film industry to consistently imagine andmobilize a ‘national’ and now, ‘transnational audience’. Specifically, this article provides a case study of Indiafm.com, one of the most popular and successful film websites, to illustrate the role played by dot.com companies in the film industry’s construction of an overseas market over the past decade. From being ignored as a medium that a majority of Indians could not access, how did dot.com companies become an integral part of the film industry within a brief span of two or three years? How did these websites become key
Guided Wave Devices Based on III-V Heterojunctionand Quantum Well Structures

Guided wave technology based on III–V compound semiconductor materials is important for optical signal processing, fiber communication and sensor applications. The provision of heterojunction and quantum well materials by LPE, MBE, and MOCVD have led to new concepts and techniques in tailoring the properties of discrete devices and optoelectronic integrated circuits. This paper discusses the electro-optical properties of heterojunction, quantum well, superlattice based on two novel effects, the Franz-Keldysh effect in bulk materials and the quantum confined Stark effect in semiconductor quantum wells. The electroabsorption and electrorefraction properties resulted from these effects are utilized in the realization of some waveguide modulators. Materials based on InGaAsP/InP heterojunctions, InGaAs/GaAs strained layer quantum wells and InGaAs/InP quantum wells will be emphasized.
Issues in Using Jack Human Figure Modeling Software To Assess Human-Vehicle Interaction in a Driving Simulator

The strengths and weaknesses of a leading human figure modeling software when applied to real-time modeling and assessment of human-vehicle interaction in a driving simulator are described. The Jack human figure modeling software, developed at the Center for Human Modeling and Simulation at the University of Pennsylvania, is being applied by the Advanced Driver Interface Design/Assessment Project at the Graduate Program in Industrial Design, the University of the Arts, Philadelphia, to (1) model human-vehicle interactions in driving scenarios before implementing the scenarios in a driving simulator, (2) model the anthropometry of actual drivers in relationship to an accurate computer model of the vehicle interface, (3) capture real-time human-simulator interaction in a dynamic model of human movement and visual attention during a driving episode, (4) select and manipulate discrete objects and behaviors within the model, and (5) replay the model with anthropometric data representing a hypothetical driver p...
CuCl-induced formation and migration of isoindazolyl carbenoids.

Two azo-ene-butadiyne conjugated systems undergo CuCl-mediated cyclization to afford isoindazolyl carbenoids that could be trapped with 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene as [2 + 1] cycloaddition products. X-ray structure analysis of the resultant cyclopropanes showed that formal migration to the distal carbenoid isomer and subsequent trapping had occurred. The possible CuCl-induced cyclization/migration pathways were explored using density functional theory, which indicated that the reaction most likely occurred via coordination of CuCl to the distal alkyne bond.
TouchDevelop: create rich mobile apps on touch devices (tutorial)

We are experiencing a technology shift: Powerful and easy-to-use mobile devices like smartphones and tablets are becoming more prevalent than traditional PCs and laptops. Mobile devices are going to be the first and, in less developed countries, possibly the only computing devices which virtually all people will own and carry with them at all times. In this tutorial, participants will learn about developing software directly on their mobile devices. The tutorial is based on TouchDevelop, a modern software development environment that embraces this new reality, treating mobile devices as first-class software development machines, instead of relying on legacy development models built around PC. TouchDevelop comes with typed, structured programming language that is built around the idea of only using a touchscreen as the input device to author code. Access to the cloud, flexible user interfaces, and access to sensors such as accelerometer and GPS are available as a first-class citizens in the programming language. TouchDevelop is available as a web app on Windows tablets, iOS, Android, Windows PCs and Macs, and as a native app on Windows Phone.
The influence of a conductive host on two-dimensional borehole transient electromagnetic responses

We have computed transient borehole electromagnetic (EM) responses of two‐dimensional (2-D) models using a direct and explicit finite‐difference algorithm. The program computes the secondary electric field which is defined as the difference between the total field and the primary (half‐space) field. The time derivative of the vertical magnetic field in a borehole is computed by numerical differentiation of the total electric field. These models consist of a thin horizontal conductor with a finite width, embedded in a conductive half‐space. Dual line sources energized by a step‐function current lie on the surface of the half‐space and simulate the long sides of a large rectangular loop. Numerical results substantiate several important features of the transient impulse response of such models. The peak response of the target is attenuated as the resistivity of the host decreases. A sign reversal in the secondary electric field occurs later in time as the resistivity of the host decreases. The peak response ...
Proof of principle study of the use of a CMOS active pixel sensor for proton radiography.

Purpose: Proof of principle study of the use of a CMOS active pixel sensor (APS) in producing proton radiographic images using the proton beam at the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH). Methods: A CMOS APS, previously tested for use in s-ray radiation therapy applications, was used for proton beam radiographic imaging at the MGH. Two different setups were used as a proof of principle that CMOS can be used as proton imaging device: (i) a pen with two metal screws to assess spatial resolution of the CMOS and (ii) a phantom with lung tissue, bone tissue, and water to assess tissue contrast of the CMOS. The sensor was then traversed by a double scattered monoenergetic proton beam at 117 MeV, and the energy deposition inside the detector was recorded to assess its energy response. Conventional x-ray images with similar setup at voltages of 70 kVp and proton images using commercial Gafchromic EBT 2 and Kodak X-Omat V films were also taken for comparison purposes. Results: Images were successfully acquired and compared to x-ray kVp and proton EBT2/X-Omat film images. The spatial resolution of the CMOS detector image is subjectively comparable to the EBT2 and Kodak X-Omat V film images obtained atmore » the same object-detector distance. X-rays have apparent higher spatial resolution than the CMOS. However, further studies with different commercial films using proton beam irradiation demonstrate that the distance of the detector to the object is important to the amount of proton scatter contributing to the proton image. Proton images obtained with films at different distances from the source indicate that proton scatter significantly affects the CMOS image quality. Conclusion: Proton radiographic images were successfully acquired at MGH using a CMOS active pixel sensor detector. The CMOS demonstrated spatial resolution subjectively comparable to films at the same object-detector distance. Further work will be done in order to establish the spatial and energy resolution of the CMOS detector for protons. The development and use of CMOS in proton radiography could allow in vivo proton range checks, patient setup QA, and real-time tumor tracking.« less
Calibration and empirical Bayes variable selection

For the problem of variable selection for the normal linear model, selection criteria such as AIC, C p , BIC and RIC have fixed dimensionality penalties. Such criteria are shown to correspond to selection of maximum posterior models under implicit hyperparameter choices for a particular hierarchical Bayes formulation. Based on this calibration, we propose empirical Bayes selection criteria that use hyperparameter estimates instead of fixed choices. For obtaining these estimates, both marginal and conditional maximum likelihood methods are considered. As opposed to traditional fixed penalty criteria, these empirical Bayes criteria have dimensionality penalties that depend on the data. Their performance is seen to approximate adaptively the performance of the best fixed-penalty criterion across a variety of orthogonal and nonorthogonal set-ups, including wavelet regression. Empirical Bayes shrinkage estimators of the selected coefficients are also proposed.
Observation of the transition from thomson to Compton scattering in multiphoton interactions with low-energy electrons.

We have observed longitudinal acceleration of free electrons by photon scattering in the low-energy Thomson regime. This is the first observation of the transition between the Thomson and Compton regimes of electron scattering due to higher-order photon interactions.
Enhancing sibling relationships to prevent adolescent problem behaviors: theory, design and feasibility of Siblings Are Special.

Siblings play a significant but neglected role in family socialization dynamics, and focusing on the sibling relationship is a non-stigmatizing point of entry into the family for prevention programming. Siblings are Special (SAS) was designed as a universal program that targets both sibling relationship and parenting mediating processes in middle childhood to prevent behavior problems in adolescence. We describe the theoretical framework underlying SAS, the SAS curriculum, and the feasibility of the program based on a study of 128 middle-childhood aged sibling dyads. Data on the quality of program implementation, program fidelity, siblings’ engagement, and ratings of impact indicated the SAS program was acceptable to families and schools, that the curriculum could be implemented with high fidelity, that siblings and parents participated at high levels and were highly engaged, and that, from the perspective of group leaders, school administrators and parents, the program had a positive impact on the siblings.
EPR of Cu(II) in an angularly distorted environment: 1 to 1 copper(II) nitrate pyrazine crystalline polymer

Abstract The g values have been measured for a polycrystalline sample of a 1 to 1 copper nitrate-pyrazine complex. In spite of a pronounced angular distortion in the ligand field, the g tensor was nearly axial: g z = 2·275, g x = 2·054 and g y = 2·070. A brief discussion of the significance of this result is presented.
Invariant Properties of the Stress in Plane Elasticity and Equivalence Classes of Composites

Attention is drawn to the invariance of the stress field in a two-dimensional body loaded at the boundary by fixed forces when the compliance tensor $\scr{G}$($\chi $) is shifted uniformly by $\ell^{\text{I}}$($\lambda $, -$\lambda $), where $\lambda $ is an arbitrary constant and $\scr{G}^{\text{I}}$($\kappa $, $\mu $) is the compliance tensor of a isotropic material with two-dimensional bulk and shear moduli $\kappa $ and $\mu $. This invariance is explained from two simple observations: first, that in two dimensions the tensor $\scr{G}^{\text{I}}$($\frac{1}{2}$, -$\frac{1}{2}$) acts to locally rotate the stress by 90 degrees and the second that this rotated field is the symmetrized gradient of a vector field and therefore can be treated as a strain. For composite materials the invariance of the stress field implies that the effective compliance tensor $\ell^{\ast}$ also gets shifted by $\scr{G}^{\text{I}}$($\lambda $, -$\lambda $) when the constituent moduli are each shifted by $\ell^{\text{I}}$($\lambda $, -$\lambda $). This imposes constraints on the functional dependence of $\ell^{\ast}$ on the material moduli of the components. Applied to an isotropic composite of two isotropic components it implies that when the inverse bulk modulus is shifted by the constant 1/$\lambda $ and the inverse shear modulus is shifted by -1/$\lambda $, then the inverse effective bulk and shear moduli undergo precisely the same shifts. In particular it explains why the effective Young's modulus of a two-dimensional media with holes does not depend on the Poisson's ratio of the matrix material.