cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Occupational Licensing--A Framework for Analysis

There is a long and traditional acceptance of occupational licensing. Occupational licensing has not only persisted for a long period of time, but it has grown significantly in recent decades. A fundamental reason is probably that many people think that occupational licensing benefits society. This belief is an aspect of the more general public belief in the efficacy of governmental regulation. The fundamental question is whether this belief in the efficacy of occupational licensing is warranted. The question is initially one of economic theory and ultimately an empirical one. The issue is whether a net public benefit results from this type of regulatory activity-in economic terms whether there is a net welfare gain. The framework for analysis involves an examination of the possible benefits of licensing and the possible anticompetitive effects. In addition, any tradeoff must consider the administrative costs of the governmental regulatory mechanism. The thesis of this essay is that occupational licensing has various anticompetitive effects that impose substantial costs on the consumers of these services in particular and society in general, and that these costs are likely to outweigh the benefits, which may be obtained by less costly alternatives in many cases and which are not realized in other cases.
Crossley, Alison Dahl. Finding Feminism: Millennial Activists and the Unfinished Gender Revolution. New York, NY: New York University Press, 2017. 256 pp. $28.00 (paperback). ISBN-13: 9781479884094

In recent decades, popular media have pronounced feminism as both thriving and dead, and the status of U.S. women as both better and worse than ever before. Academia, running parallel to popular sp...
Skull Impact on the Ultrasound Beam Profile of Transcranial Focused Ultrasound Stimulation

Transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation (tFUS) is a promising noninvasive neuromodulation tool for targeting brain regions with millimeter-scale spatial resolutions. In conventional tFUS studies, a focused ultrasound beam generated by an external ultrasound transducer is delivered to the neural target. In tFUS, ultrasound should travel through the skull that features large attenuation and different acoustic impedance compared with the soft tissue, thereby resulting in acoustic impedance mismatch and reflections. In this paper, we study the impact of the rat skull on the ultrasound beam profile generated by both focused and unfocused (but with a natural focus) transducers at a wide sonication frequency (f p ) range of 0.5-9.5 MHz. At different axial and lateral distances from the transducers, we measured ultrasound intensity profiles of three transducers operating at f p s of 0.5 MHz, 1.2 MHz and 9.5 MHz with and without the skull. Our results showed that ultrasound beam profiles were significantly distorted by the skull. The transmission factor due to skull attenuation was measured 0.79,0.34 and 0.03 at f p s of 0.5 MHz, 1.2 MHz and 9.5 MHz, respectively, when the skull was close to transducers focal zones.
CleanG—Improving the Architecture and Protocols for Future Cellular Networks With NFV

With the rapid increase in the number of users and changing pattern of network usage, cellular networks will continue to be challenged meeting bandwidth and latency requirements. A significant contributor to latency and overhead is cellular network’s complex control-plane. We propose CleanG, a new packet core architecture and significantly more efficient control-plane protocol, that exploits the capabilities of modern-day Network Function Virtualization (NFV) platforms. CleanG is a single component NFV-based architecture. With the elastic scalability offered by NFV, the data and control sub-components of the core can scale, adapting to workload demand. CleanG eliminates the use of GTP tunnels for data packets and the associated complex protocol for coordination across multiple, distributed components for setting up and managing them. We carefully examine the use of each protocol message exchange (and the component fields of those messages) in developing a substantially simplified protocol, while retaining similar essential functionality for security, mobility, and air-interface resource management. We have implemented CleanG on the OpenNetVM platform and perform an apples-to-apples comparison with the existing 3GPP LTE architecture and an architecture that separates the control and user plane (the CUPS-based architecture like the 5G architecture). Measurements on our testbed show that CleanG substantially reduces both control and data plane latency, and significantly increases system capacity.
Video Visual Scene Displays with Dynamic Text: Effect on Single-Word Reading by an Adolescent with Cerebral Palsy.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the Transition to Literacy (T2L) feature within video visual scene displays (VSDs) on the single-word reading of academic vocabula...
Spatial Association Pattern Mining Using In-Memory Computational Framework.

Spatial association pattern mining is a useful spatial data mining task for discovering interesting relationship patterns of spatial features based on spatial proximity. Spatial data mining is known as data-intensive computing. The explosive growth of spatial data demands computationally efficient methods for analyzing large complex data. Parallel and distributed computing is effective for large-scale data mining algorithms. This paper presents spatial association pattern mining with Spark which is a specially-designed in-memory parallel computing platform. The performance of Spark-based method proposed is compared with its corresponding MapReduce-based method.
Interprocedural Context-Unbounded Program Analysis Using Observation Sequences

A classical result by Ramalingam about synchronization-sensitive interprocedural program analysis implies that reachability for concurrent threads running recursive procedures is undecidable. A technique proposed by Qadeer and Rehof, to bound the number of context switches allowed between the threads, leads to an incomplete solution that is, however, believed to catch “most bugs” in practice, as errors tend to occur within few contexts. The question of whether the technique can also prove the absence of bugs at least in some cases has remained largely open. Toward closing this gap, we introduce in this article the generic verification paradigm of observation sequences for resource-parameterized programs. Such a sequence observes how increasing the resource parameter affects the reachability of states satisfying a given property. The goal is to show that increases beyond some “cutoff” parameter value have no impact on the reachability—the sequence has converged. This allows us to conclude that the property holds for all parameter values. We applied this paradigm to the context-unbounded program analysis problem, choosing the resource to be the number of permitted thread context switches. The result is a partially correct interprocedural reachability analysis technique for concurrent shared-memory programs. Our technique may not terminate but is able to both refute and prove context-unbounded safety for such programs. We demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the technique using a variety of benchmark programs. The safe instances cannot be proved safe by earlier, context-bounded methods.
The Value of Speech-Language Pathologists in Auditory Rehabilitation for Adults With Cochlear Implants.

Background Standards for auditory rehabilitation are currently lacking for adults who receive cochlear implants. Speech recognition outcomes are highly variable, and many adults with cochlear impla...
Breast Radiation and the Heart: Cardiac Toxicity and Cardiac Avoidance

Abstract The purpose of this invited review is to discuss the most recent and relevant outcome studies assessing the risk of late cardiac toxicity in women treated with radiotherapy for breast cancer and to describe the evidence-based technical factors associated with late cardiac toxicity. This review will also discuss the common radiation techniques for reducing radiation dose to the heart, which will lead to better outcomes and lower rates of late toxicity that can cause morbidity and mortality in women who have been cured of their breast cancer.
Dynamics of Miniature and High-Compliance Structures: Experimental Characterization and Modeling

The dynamic behavior of miniature and high-compliance structures is critical for their performance. However, their low stiffness and inertia bring significant challenges to the experimental characterization and modeling of their dynamics. Traditional modal testing techniques cannot produce the required low noise, high-bandwidth dynamic models with sufficiently low forces to prevent damage to the fragile structures. The objective of this work is to develop a new iterative approach that enables effective dynamic characterization of miniature and high-compliance structures. The iterative approach consists of a combination of model-based simulations and experimentation. An impact excitation system (IES) with a flexure-jointed cantilever controls the motions of an instrumented impact tip to enable specifying the bandwidth and force magnitude of the impact excitations. Successful application of the IES requires determination of the IES-parameters that produce the desired (broad) bandwidth and (limited) force magnitudes. However, for high-compliance and miniature structures, this requires the knowledge of the dynamics of the sample (the structure), which is not known a priori. To address this, the simulations use both the dynamic model of the IES and an approximate model of the sample dynamics obtained from the previous iteration in order to identify a set of favorable IES parameters for the current iteration. Two case studies involving a miniature blade of a jet engine turbine and a high-compliance load cell are presented to demonstrate the approach. Only a few iterations were sufficient for converging to a favorable set of parameters that produce high-bandwidth (e.g., 31 kHz) and reproducible dynamic models in the form of frequency response functions (FRFs). As compared to manual impact testing, the use of the new approach expands the bandwidth by as much as 50 times while reducing the test repetitions by more than ten times. The presented iterative framework based on the impact excitation system addresses the shortcomings of traditional modal testing techniques and enables effective dynamic characterization and modeling of miniature and high-compliance structures.
Optimal Random Vibration Absorbers

The dynamic vibration absorber has been shown to be a very useful method of limiting vibration of excessive amplitude. It has been shown that by addition of damping a dynamic absorber can be made to be effective over a large range of forcing frequencies. The equations relating to optimal dynamic vibration absorbers are developed and applied to a particular case.
Chapter 5 - Auxin

This chapter describes how plants control endogenous amounts of the plant growth hormone, auxin. It also describe what is known about the inputs to and outputs from the Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) pool and the regulation of these processes. The four general approaches that have been used for finding auxin mutants are: (1) selection for auxin resistant lines by screening for growth in the presence of high auxin; (2) production of transgenic plants expressing bacterial (or plant) genes for IAA biosynthesis or conjugation; (3) use of selections, derived from bacterial or yeast mutant work, to find blocks at early precursor stages of metabolism, particularly blocks in tryptophan biosynthesis; and (4) screening for high or low IAA producers based on an expected phenotype. Standard microbial methods for investigating tryptophan biosynthesis were applied to plants in order to study auxin biosynthesis. Several mutants selected on the basis of their phenotype have been used for studies of auxin metabolism. Transgenic plants expressing bacterial auxin biosynthesis genes have existed since Agrobacterium utilized plant molecular biology to facilitate its pathogenesis.
Isolation and characterization of the alkane-inducible NADPH-cytochrome P-450 oxidoreductase gene from Candida tropicalis. Identification of invariant residues within similar amino acid sequences of divergent flavoproteins.

The gene coding for the Candida tropicalis NADPH-cytochrome P-450 oxidoreductase (CPR, NADPH: ferricytochrome oxidoreductase, EC 1.6.2.4) was isolated by immunoscreening of a C. tropicalis lambda gt11 expression library and colony hybridization of a C. tropicalis genomic library. The C. tropicalis CPR gene produces a 2.35-kilobase mRNA transcript, levels of which were shown to be increased 16-fold in cells grown on tetradecane relative to cells grown on glucose as the sole carbon source. A 3-kilobase DNA fragment was sequenced, including 554 and 397 base pairs of 5‘- and 3‘-noncoding sequence, respectively. A single open reading frame of 2040 base pairs was identified and predicts a 76,683-Da polypeptide of 680 amino acid residues. The deduced C. tropicalis CPR amino acid sequence was compared with each of the CPR sequences reported from other organisms and invariant residues were identified. Multiple pairwise alignments of divergent members of protein families, previously recognized for their sequence similarities in their respective binding domains for FMN, FAD, and NADPH, have allowed identification of a subset of these invariant residues. From these analyses we infer the importance of 25 of the 680 amino acid residues.
Cell surface antigens on erythroid cells. A comparison of normal and anemic (W/W) mice.

Abstract Cell surface antigens of normal and anemic ( W W ) mouse erythroid cells have been examined in cytotoxicity assays with two rat antisera. When tested on fetal liver cells, a rat anti-erythroblast serum recognized antigen(s) present on erythroid cells early in development, while rat anti-adult red blood cell serum recognized antigen(s) present on mature erythroid cells. Each of these sera had different activity on normal (+/+ or W + ) as compared to anemic ( W W ) erythroid cells.
Classification of the uptake hydrogenase-positive (Hup+) bean rhizobia as Rhizobium tropici

Phenotypic and genetic characterization indicated that Hup+ bean rhizobial strains are type IIA and type IIB Rhizobium tropici. The Hup+ strain USDA 2840, which did not cluster with either of the two types of R. tropici in a restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, had electrophoretic patterns of PCR products generated with primers for repetitive extragenic palindromic and enterobacterial repetitive intergeneric consensus sequences similar to those of three reference strains of R. tropici type IIA. The Hup+ strain USDA 2738, which clustered with the reference strain of R. tropici IIB in a restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, had electrophoretic patterns of PCR products generated with primers for repetitive extragenic palindromic and enterobacterial repetitive intergeneric consensus sequences more closely resembling those of the reference strains of R. tropici type IIA than those of type IIB. DNA amplification with the Y1 and Y2 primers to generate a portion of the 16S rDNA operon was useful to distinguish R. tropici type IIA strains from other bean rhizobial strains. The phylogenetic position of the type IIA strain of R. tropici USDA 2840, determined from the partial 16S rDNA sequence, indicated a more distant relationship with the type IIB strain of R. tropici CIAT899 than with the as yet unnamed rhizobial species of Leucaena leucocephala, TAL 1145. Therefore, we suggest that it may be appropriate either to separate R. tropici types IIA and IIB into two different species or to identify TAL 1145 to the species level as a third type of R. tropici. Images
Plasma diagnostics with a retarding potential analyzer

Summary form only given. The plasma rocket is located at NASA Johnson Space Center. To produce a thrust in space, an inert gas is ionized into a plasma and heated in the linear section of a tokamak fusion device to 1/spl times/10/sup 4/-1.16/spl times/10/sup 6/ K (/spl rho/=10/sup 10/-10/sup 14/ cm/sup -3/). The magnetic field used to contain the plasma has a magnitude of 2-10 kGauss. The plasma plume has a variable thrust and specific impulse. A high temperature retarding potential analyzer (RPA) is being developed to characterize the plasma in the plume and at the edge of the magnetically contained plasma. The RPA measures the energy and density of ions or electrons entering into its solid angle of collection. An oscilloscope displays the ion flux versus the collected current. All measurements are made relative to the facility ground. A RPA is being developed in a process which involves the investigation of several prototypes. The first prototype has been tested on a thermal plasma. The knowledge gained from its development and testing were applied to the development of a RPA for collimated plasma. To verify that the RPA is providing proper output, it is compared to the output from a Langmuir or Faraday probe.
Mechanisms of Cigarette Smoke Effects on Human Airway Smooth Muscle.

Cigarette smoke contributes to or exacerbates airway diseases such as asthma and COPD, where airway hyperresponsiveness and airway smooth muscle (ASM) proliferation are key features. While factors such as inflammation contribute to asthma in part by enhancing agonist-induced intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) responses of ASM, the mechanisms by which cigarette smoke affect ASM are still under investigation. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that cigarette smoke enhances the expression and function of Ca2+ regulatory proteins leading to increased store operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) and cell proliferation. Using isolated human ASM (hASM) cells, incubated in the presence and absence cigarette smoke extract (CSE) we determined ([Ca2+]i) responses and expression of relevant proteins as well as ASM proliferation, reactive oxidant species (ROS) and cytokine generation. CSE enhanced [Ca2+]i responses to agonist and SOCE: effects mediated by increased expression of TRPC3, CD38, STIM1, and/or Orai1, evident by attenuation of CSE effects when siRNAs against these proteins were used, particularly Orai1. CSE also increased hASM ROS generation and cytokine secretion. In addition, we found in the airways of patients with long-term smoking history, TRPC3 and CD38 expression were significantly increased compared to life-long never-smokers, supporting the role of these proteins in smoking effects. Finally, CSE enhanced hASM proliferation, an effect confirmed by upregulation of PCNA and Cyclin E. These results support a critical role for Ca2+ regulatory proteins and enhanced SOCE to alter airway structure and function in smoking-related airway disease.
Music of the Alaska-Klondike Gold Rush: Songs and History

Reviewed Medium: book Authors: Jean A. Murray Year: 1999 Pages: xviii + 440 Publisher: University of Alaska Press Prices: $54.95 US
La métamorphose (ou la vision) de Denis Diderot

Diderot se pose en rival de Greuze dans le commentaire du tableau Jeune fille envoyant un baiser […] (Salon de 1765). En effet, Diderot repeint le tableau sur la toile de ses affects et de cette creation fantasmatique surgit son desir pour la jeune fille a laquelle il s’identifie. Il voudrait l’ « absorber », mais se laisse lui-meme « absorber » par la scene et s’insinue ainsi de l’autre cote du cadre. Fidele au principe de la ligne ondoyante qui est, selon lui, signe de vie, Diderot, tel « le serpent qui vit », se coule par l’entremise de la caresse de son regard sur le corps feminin. La jeune fille, quant a elle, manipule de facon suggestive une lettre qu’elle vient de recevoir, lettre dont Diderot neglige toute la portee. En effet, cette lettre est le substitut du rival reel et invisible de Diderot : celui qui, au-dela de la position du spectateur dans l’espace, se trouve suspendu au bout du regard de la jeune femme, qui est le seul etre qu’elle daigne regarder. Cette lettre palpee de maniere significative en dit long sur son desir a elle (elle-meme objet de desir) qui est « hors d’oeuvre » : la lettre devient a la fois metonymie du corps absent de l’aime et metaphore de son corps a elle, present dans toute la force de son desir.
Static and dynamic CIM-XML documents for proprietary EMS

Energy management system (EMS) plays one of the most significant roles in power system scheduling, operation and control functionality. Being proprietary in nature, a lot of data standardization efforts have been undergone recently to seamlessly exchange data amongst various EMS vendor products. This paper firstly reviews the outcomes of these efforts. In the context of deregulation, data exchange amongst various power system market entities has come to the forefront. A data exchange approach based on functional characteristic of power system operation has been suggested in this work. This approach aids in transferring least data size of transfer files, while updating databases. A simple 3-bus test system has been illustrated to show the implementation of the scheme. The application scopes of data exchange, in improving security assessment, have also been discussed.
Bureaucratic and Strategic Human Resource Management: An Empirical Comparison in the Federal Government

Proposals to reform the highly regulated personnel system that governs the majority of federal employees are the focus of national debate. This study compares two contrasting personnel systems, authorized by titles 5 and 38 of the U. S. Code, presently used within the federal government. Title 5, which emphasizes uniformity and centralization, typifies the bureaucratic model of human resource management. Title 38, which is decentralized and gives more latitude to line managers, is representative of the strategic human resource management (SHRM) model. This study
Application of thermoregulatory modeling to predict core and skin temperatures in firefighters

Abstract The purpose of the study was to compare body temperature responses from subjects who exercised while wearing firefighter clothing to predictive data from a real-time thermoregulatory model that had been initially developed and validated for use in the military. Data from two firefighter studies, firefighter study 1 (FFS1: 7 males and 3 females, continuous treadmill exercise at 50% VO 2max , 25 °C, 50% RH) and firefighter study 2 (FFS2: 6 males, intermittent treadmill exercise at 75% VO 2max , 35 °C, 50% RH), were utilized for the thermoregulatory modeling and comparison. The results showed that prediction error (RMSD) of the model for core and skin temperatures was 0.33 and 0.65 °C in FFS1 and 0.39 and 0.86 °C in FFS2, respectively. While the real-time thermoregulatory model tested in the present study showed the potential for providing a means for reasonably accurate prediction of body temperature responses in firefighters, further development on the model's metabolism algorithms to include adjustments for protective clothing, options to facilitate external work, inclusions of cooling effects are suggested. Relevance to industry Firefighters exposed to thermal extremes experience physiological strain, but direct monitoring of physiological variables is not always practical. Thermoregulatory models can simulate the thermal responses reasonably accurately by applying known thermo-physiological mechanisms together with heat loss mechanisms related to clothing and environment in an effort to improve firefighter safety.
Health Outcomes Assessment in Cancer

Measuring the outcomes of cancer care has become increasingly important both in clinical practice and in health policy. Responsiveness to patient-centered needs, preferences, and outcomes is one of the hallmarks of quality healthcare. Health-related quality of life (HR-QOL) measures can be considered within a framework based upon: (i) whether the measure is a generic instrument applicable across a wide range of health conditions, or whether it is specific to cancer or a specific cancer site; (ii) whether it measures a single domain of health or multiple domains; and (iii) whether or not the measure is preference based. Judicious selection of a set of instruments from within different areas of this framework can provide a detailed description of relevant aspects of a patient’s health for a wide variety of research and clinical needs. Current health outcomes research is focused not only on the development of improved measures of health, but also on how to expand the use of these measures from research settings into clinical practice and health policy in ways to improve the process and outcomes of cancer care. Shared decision-making tools incorporating HR-QOL data can assist patients in clarifying decision alternatives for difficult cancer treatment decisions. Observational studies of HR-QOL of cancer patients can help patients better understand potential outcomes of their choices. HR-QOL measures are being used in quality of care initiatives. Cancer care is composed of a spectrum of services, ranging from prevention and early detection, through to diagnosis and treatment, as well as end-of-life care. As the importance of the patient’s perspective has become more clearly recognized, health outcomes measures have become more widely used and can contribute to improved care across the spectrum of cancer services. While further research needs to focus on developing better measures of health, it is equally imperative that future research focus on methods to incorporate health outcomes measurement into practice in ways to improve clinical practice, health policy, and ultimately to improve the outcomes of care of patients with cancer.
Circular Error Probabilities

Abstract A problem which often arises in connection with the determination of probabilities of various miss distances of bombs and missiles is the following: Let x and y be two normally and independently distributed orthogonal components of the miss distance, each with mean zero and with standard deviations σ x and σ y , respectively, where for convenience one labels the components so that σ x ≥σ y . Now for various values of c = σ y /σ x , it is required to determine (1) the probability P that the point of impact lies inside a circle with center at the target and radius Kσ x , and (2) the value of K such that the probability is P that the point of impact lies inside such a circle. Solutions of (1), for c = 0.0(0.1) 1.0 and K = 0.1 (0.1) 5.8, and (2), for the same values of c and P = 0.5, 0.75, 0.9, 0.95, 0.975, 0.99, 0.995, 0.9975, and 0.999, are given along with some hypothetical examples of the application of the tables.
Electrodeposition of polycrystalline InSb from aqueous electrolytes

Layers of the binary compound InSb, with thicknesses in the micron range, were electrodeposited from a sodium citrate–citric acid solution onto polycrystalline Cu substrates and onto single crystal Si. The stoichiometry of the layers was found to depend primarily on the ratio of InCl3 to SbCl3 in the electrolyte, and less sensitively on applied potential and pH, within wide ranges of these parameters. Post-deposition crystallite grain growth and phase separation into zincblende InSb and excess metals were observed. Intraband absorption coefficients were low for near-stoichiometric deposits. Near-stoichiometric deposition onto single crystal Si yielded larger crystallites than did deposition onto polycrystalline Cu or non-stoichiometric deposition onto single crystal Si. These results should encourage efforts to achieve device quality InSb by electrodeposition for photonic crystal, nanostructure and nanodevice applications.
D-optimal experimental designs for Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms

In this paper, D-optimal experimental designs are derived for three common adsorption isotherm models: the 2-parameter Freundlich, the 2-parameter Langmuir, and the 3-parameter Langmuir. For each of these liquid-solid adsorption models, the D-optimal design equations are derived from the information matrix and then solved numerically to determine the specific design values as a function of the model parameters. The variation of the design with the assumed values of the model parameters is discussed. For all three isotherms, it was determined that one support point was always at the maximum of the scaled experimental region. It was also determined that the D-optimal designs for all three isotherms were independent of the proportionality parameter in the model. For the three models and their associated D-optimal designs, the design optimality was verified using the general equivalence theorem.
The origin of olivine-plagioclase coronas in metagabbros from the Adirondack Mountains, New York

Olivine-plagioclase coronas in metagabbros from the Adirondack Mountains, New York (USA) are spatially well-organized reaction textures consisting most commonly of sequential layers of orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, plagioclase, and garnet; the textures are characteristic of diffusion-controlled reaction kinetics. Although similar coronas have been interpreted by previous workers in terms of an isochemical steady-state diffusion model, petrographical relations and material-balance calculations establish that coronas in the Adirondack metagabbros cannot be treated as isochemical and do not form in a single-stage steady-state process; instead they evolve through time in a complex open-system reaction. In this study, the isochemical diffusion model is modified to account for elemental fluxes across the outer boundaries of the coronal reaction band, thereby approximating the open-system behaviour of the coronas. The sequence and relative proportions of product minerals calculated by the open-system steady-state model correspond closely to those observed in coronas of the Adirondacks, over a wide range of values for the relative diffusivities of chemical components involved in the reaction, regardless of the particular method used to determine material balance in the reaction texture. Despite this correspondence, petrographical evidence for successive replacement of coronal product layers reveals that the Adirondack coronas evolved through one or more transient states, rather than forming in a single-stage steady-state process. There is no evidence that the successive replacement of coronal product layers resulted from changes in pressure or temperature, but there is petrographical evidence that these changes resulted from modification of the composition of reactant plagioclase as the corona-forming reaction proceeded. This is confirmed by the fact that the evolution of the coronas over time can be replicated with the open-system diffusion model by simulating the effect of the gradual exhaustion of plagioclase as a source of the Ca and Si components required for reaction. These simulations suggest that successive stages in the evolution of the coronas are characterized by these product sequences: (i) orthopyroxene-clinopyroxene-plagioclase-garnet; (ii) orthopyroxene-clinopyroxene-garnet; and (iii) orthopyroxene-garnet. All of these stages, and the transitions between them, are observed petrographically. Coronas in Adirondack metagabbros appear, therefore, to have originated in a complex, open-system, diffusion-controlled reaction in which the product assemblages changed as the reaction progressed.
Abnormal neural crest cell migration after the in vivo knockdown of tenascin-C expression with morpholino antisense oligonucleotides

A key feature of vertebrate development is the formation of the neural crest. In the trunk, neural crest cells delaminate from the neural tube shortly after the fusion of the neural folds and migrate ventrally along specific pathways to form the neurons and glia of the peripheral nervous system. As neural crest cells leave the neural tube during the initial stages of their migration, they express the extracellular matrix glycoprotein tenascin-C, which is also found in the stroma of many tumors. We have studied the possible role for tenascin-C during neural crest morphogenesis in vivo by microinjecting tenascin-C morpholino antisense oligonucleotides into the lumen of the avian neural tube in ovo and electroporating the morpholino antisense oligonucleotides into the precursors of the neural crest. After 24 hr, tenascin-C immunostaining is reduced around the dorsal neural tube in the experimental microinjected embryos (12 of 13) but not in embryos microinjected with control morpholino antisense oligonucleotides (n = 3) or subjected to electroporation only (n = 2). In each of the 12 tenascin-C knockdown embryos neural crest cells are seen ectopically in the lumen of the neural tube and in the neuroepithelium; cells that do leave the neural tube after the microinjection fail to disperse laterally from the surface of the neural tube into the somites. The observation that neural crest cells must express tenascin-C to migrate normally is consistent with a role for this glycoprotein in contributing to the invasive behavior of neural crest cells.
Antibodies to Candida albicans and steroid hormones during late pregnancy and in the umbilical circulation.

Abstract Plasma levels of antibodies to Candida albicans during late pregnancy were studied in randomly selected women without clinical symptoms of vaginal moniliasis. The antibody levels at term were not significantly different from those during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. In serial plasma samples collected from 20 subjects between 32 and 40 weeks of gestation, the mean anti- Candida antibody levels fluctuated within a relatively narrow range, whereas levels of progesterone, estradiol, and estriol increased significantly ( P Candida antibodies, as revealed by fluorescence tests, were mainly of IgA class, followed by IgG and IgM. Total IgG levels were significantly higher during pregnancy than during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, whereas IgA and IgM values were significantly lower. Thirty pairs of plasma samples from umbilical arteries and veins were also analyzed. Samples from the umbilical veins exhibited anti- Candida antibodies (especially IgG) and total IgG levels comparable to those found in the maternal circulation but somewhat higher than in the umbilical arteries. IgA could not be detected in the umbilical samples. These observations suggest that the total IgG and antibodies to C. albicans in the umbilical circulation are predominantly of maternal origin.
Value of magnetic resonance imaging for diagnosis of cervical epidural hematoma associated with anticoagulation after cardiac valve replacement.

Abstract Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma is an unusual complication of anticoagulation with warfarin. Less than 70 cases have been reported. Failure to recognize and promptly treat this condition can result in spinal cord compression, paraplegia and death. We report evidence of the diagnostic value of magnetic resonance imaging.
Spectrum Analysis of Transient Response Curves

The paper describes a method of computation of amplitude and phase response of a network from its measured transient response. Tables and nomographs have been included to facilitate the numerical evluation.
Electric field effects on spin transport in defective metallic carbon nanotubes

On the basis of first-principles calculations, we investigate transport properties of spin-polarized electrons in defective metallic single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) under homogeneous transverse electric fields. Either vacancies or carbon adatoms are introduced in (10,10) SWCNT and are shown to play a role of quasi-localized magnetic impurities. The applied transverse electric fields change the relative position of the energy levels of the defects with respect to the Fermi energy so that the spin-polarized conductances are shown to be tunable. For some impurities, the orientation of the majority spin electrons in conducting channels at the Fermi energy can be switched to the opposite spin by an experimentally attainable electric field. Our results suggest that pure carbon or organic nanomagnets could be realized in SWCNTs, and their spin transport properties are controllable by transverse electric fields.
Dual constrictor and dilator actions of ETB receptors in the rat renal microcirculation: interactions with ETA receptors

The vascular actions of endothelin-1 (ET-1) reflect the combination of vasoconstrictor ETA and ETB receptors on smooth muscle cells and vasodilator ETB receptors on endothelial cells. The present s...
Storm Layer Deposition on a Coastal Louisiana Lake Bed

ABSTRACT Li, H.; Lin, L., and Burks-Copes, K.A., 2013. Modeling of coastal inundation, storm surge, and relative sea-level rise at Naval Station Norfolk, Norfolk, Virginia, U.S.A. Tropical cyclone impacts on wetland, terrestrial, and shelf systems have been previously studied and reasonably delineated, but little is known about the response of coastal lakes to storm events. For the first time tropical cyclone impacts on a shallow coastal lake in the Louisiana coastal plain have been studied using direct lines of evidence. Using side-scan sonar, CHIRP subbottom, and echo sounder bathymetric profiles, the lake bottom and shallow subsurface of Sister Lake was imaged pre- and post-Hurricanes Katrina and Rita to provide a geologic framework for assessing storm effects. Box cores were collected to provide site-specific “ground truth” data to further evaluate the accretion or erosion of sediment over the short storm period between synoptic geophysical surveys. X-ray radiographs of box cores showed clear incremen...
Economic development and fertility change in Mexico, 1950–1970

This paper is an attempt to isolate the determinants of fertility in Mexico. Of the variables included, two are significant in accounting for differences in the level of completed fertility in the 32 “states” in 1970. They are the share of the labor force in agriculture, which is directly related to fertility, and the percentage of the population speaking an indigenous language, which shows an inverse relationship.
High molecular weight angiotensinogen: a pregnancy associated protein

Although it was previously recognized that human amniotic fluid contained appreciable quantities of angiotensinogen, it remained unknown what fraction of the total is high molecular weight angiotensinogen. Fractionation of human amniotic fluid showed that high molecular weight angiotensinogen represents the major component of total angiotensinogen; 58% for 11 normotensive pregnant women and 67% for 12 hypertensive pregnant women. In contrast to plasma where high molecular weight angiotensinogen is elevated in hypertensive pregnant women as compared to normotensive pregnant women, no such difference exists for amniotic high molecular weight angiotensinogen. Serum and amniotic fluid high molecular weight angiotensinogen were compared in six subjects, and no significant correlation was found. In fetal cord blood, high molecular weight angiotensinogen represented only 5.8% of the total angiotensinogen. The site of synthesis of high molecular weight angiotensinogen remains unknown but these data suggest that it is produced in the placenta or in the maternal uterine tissue. Therefore, we propose that human high molecular weight angiotensinogen should be classified as a pregnancy-associated protein.
The influence of an advantaged third person on collaboration in a prisoner's dilemma game l

An experiment was performed to investigate the influence of the outcomes of an advantaged person on the behavior of two individuals playing a Prisoner’s Dilemma game. It was hypothesized that more collaboration would occur when an advantaged person obtained higher outcomes whenever either one or both of the Prisoner’s Dilemma game players made a noncollaborative choice than when there was no advantaged person present. The results supported the hypothesis.
Toward Solution of the MiniBooNE-LSND Anomalies

Abstract The LSND experiment has observed an anomalous excess of ν ¯ e events in a ν ¯ μ beam which can be interpreted as two-neutrino ν ¯ μ → ν ¯ e oscillations at Δ m 2 ∼ 1 eV 2 , suggesting new physics. The MiniBooNE experiment has ruled out the LSND two-neutrino oscillation interpretation by looking for corresponding flavor oscillations in a neutrino beam, and assuming CP and CPT conservation. However, it has observed an anomalous excess of ν e events at low energy, which, to date, remains unexplained. The two excess signatures are discussed within the context of light sterile neutrino oscillations, and are further confronted with the latest results from a MiniBooNE search for ν ¯ μ → ν ¯ e oscillations in an antineutrino beam. Alternative interpretations are also referenced, along with possible future experimental tests.
Restricted dietary protein in pregnant beef cows: I. The effect on length of gestation and calfhood mortality

Beef cows fed 0.37 Kg crude protein/day during the last four months of pregnancy had significantly shortened gestation (274 days vs. 282 days) and decreased weight gain (25 Kg vs. 66 Kg) compared to control cows fed 0.96 Kg crude protein/day. Calf mortality in the low protein group was associated with either dystocia (3 calves) or prematurity (2 calves). There were no deaths among control calves. It is suggested that protein malnutrition in late pregnancy may be a contributing factor to neonatal mortality among beef calves.
A Poor Man's Tesla

If you?re itching to own a sexy electric roadster but can?t afford the USUS $109 000 price tag for Tesla Motors? sleek new model, there?s another option you might want to consider: building your own.
New two-photon quantum ghost imaging experiments

Distinct from previous principle-demonstrations, this practical quantum ghost imaging experiment presents the first set of two-photon images captured by a photon counting CCD camera by means of jointly counting 'reflected' photons from the object. In fact, the CCD camera was not 'looking' at the object at all. Rather, the CCD camera was facing the chaotic light source. The output of the CCD camera was used for coincidence registration of the two-photon joint-detection events with another photon counting detector which simply collects all randomly reflected photons from the surface of the object. It is also interesting to find that the observed two-photon images are 'distortion-free', i.e., any disturbances made along the light path has no effect on the quality of the image. These experimental observations are not only useful for practical field-applications, but also important from fundamental point of view. The experiment evidences a rejection of the 'projection shadow' idea in a non-deniable way and further explores the two-photon interference nature of thermal light ghost imaging.
Elevated CO2 and O3 Effects on Fine-Root Life Span in Ponderosa Pine

Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and ozone (O3) concentrations are rising, which may have opposing effects on tree C balance and allocation to fine roots. More information is needed on interactive CO2 and O3 effects on roots, particularly fine-root life span, a critical demographic parameter and determinant of soil C and N pools and cycling rates. We conducted a study in which ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) seedlings were exposed to two levels of CO2 and O3 in sun-lit controlled-environment terracosms for three years. Minirhizotrons were used to monitor individual fine roots in three soil horizons every 28 days. Proportional hazards regression was used to analyze effects of CO2, O3, diameter, depth, and season of root initiation on fine-root survivorship. More fine roots were produced in the elevated CO2 treatment than in ambient CO2. Median life spans varied from 140-448 days depending on the season of root initiation. Elevated CO2, increasing root diameter, and increasing root depth all significantly increased fine-root survivorship and median life span. Life span was slightly, but not significantly, lower in elevated O3, and increased O3 did not reduce the effect of elevated CO2. These results indicate the potential for elevated CO2 to increase the number of fine roots and their residence time in the soil, which is also affected by root diameter, root depth, and phenology.
Distinctive flavours improve foraging efficiency in the polyphagous grasshopper, Taeniopoda eques

We examined the effect of adding flavours to foods of varying nutritional content on the foraging behaviour of the generalist grasshopper Taeniopoda eques. Each grasshopper received three dishes of food containing either (1) the same nutritionally balanced diet to which distinct flavours had or had not been added; or (2) three nutritionally unbalanced diets (lacking protein, sterol or starch) to which distinct flavours had or had not been added. We found that on the balanced foods, individuals ate similar quantities of food from each dish, but on the unbalanced foods, individuals ate most food from the dish lacking sterol and least of the food lacking protein. The proportions eaten reached a stable level and maximized intake of protein and carbohydrate. Although added flavours had no impact on proportions eaten from the dishes containing balanced food, on the unbalanced foods, individuals attained the stable proportions from the different dishes earlier. Furthermore, addition of flavours in either (1) or (2) resulted in greater food intake overall. On incomplete foods, the addition of flavours resulted in the development of additional oocytes. Thus, addition of diverse flavours enabled the grasshoppers to forage more efficiently, resulting in improvements in performance. These results demonstrate the importance of learning in the foraging efficiency of T. eques.
Dynamic routing trees with energy harvesting constraints for wireless body area networks

Routing under energy harvesting constraints is considered. A routing protocol based on Dijkstra's global routing algorithm is proposed and evaluated. The protocol dynamically modifies routing trees based on available energy accumulated through energy harvesting. Channel-state information is gathered in typical indoor environments using two experimental setups; one with eight nodes and on-body access point and the other with five nodes and an off-body access point equipped with four antennas. Collected data is used to evaluate network connectivity in conjuncture with throughput using computer simulations and models of energy harvesting. Energy sources of body heat, ambient light, direct sunlight and ambient airflow are considered. A threshold effect is observed for all energy sources and both experimental setups; if the throughput is set below threshold value the network is reliably connected. The thresholds are shown to be higher than 500 bytes/sec for direct sunlight and within 80--190 bytes/sec for other energy sources when using currently available energy harvesting technology.
Carcinoembryonic antigen in carcinoma of the uterine cervix 2. Tissue localization and correlation with plasma antigen concentration

Immunoperoxidase staining for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was performed on the tumors of 241 patients with invasive carcinoma of the cervix. Positive tissue staining indicative of a CEA concentration of at least 3 microgram/gm was present in 154 tumors (63%) as opposed to 0 of 30 specimens of normal cervix (p less than .001). Plasma CEA values were obtained at the time of tissue staining on all patients. Plasma CEA concentration was related more directly to total tumor burden (tumor CEA content x extent of disease) than to tumor CEA concentration alone. Progressively rising plasma CEA levels predicted recurrent disease in over 80% of patients whose tumors stained positively for CEA. In contrast, serial plasma CEA values correlated positively with clinical disease status in only 28% of patients whose tumors were devoid of CEA. Immunoperoxidase staining of tissue specimens identifies those patients whose tumors contain high levels of CEA and who therefore should benefit most from subsequent plasma antigen determinations.