cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Two Family Trees - One Real, One Paper: The Legacy of the 'Paper Family' & the Immigration Debate

For almost a century, significant numbers of Chinese immigrants avoided the race-based restrictions of the Chinese Exclusion Act and later ethnic quotas by becoming “paper sons” and “paper families.” Becoming a “paper son” or “paper daughter” meant claiming to be the "children" of Chinese-American U.S. citizens with inaccurate or fabricated documentation. Sometimes this consisted of simply claiming that a grandfather was a father. Other cases involved creating a fictitious family with names of a particular village in China. This article will discuss the development of the “paper son” in response to the discriminatory restrictions of the Chinese Exclusion Act and the National Origins Quota Act of 1924, which excluded more immigrants based on ethnicity, until 1965 when the immigration laws moved away from the quota system. Such racial restrictions and the intense desire of Chinese immigrants to come to the United States – sometimes to reunite separated families - led to the creation of a complex system to defy the immigration laws. The legacy of the “paper son” has greatly impacted Chinese immigrants and their descendants and also provides larger lessons for the current debate over immigration laws and practices that continue to create incentives for immigrants to evade restrictions both legally and illegally.
Preoperative platelet-derived growth factor receptor inhibitor therapy combined with docetaxel and androgen ablation in high-risk localized prostate cancer

5141 Background: Reduction in tumor interstitial fluid pressure with platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) inhibitor therapy in experimental systems improves drug delivery and the therapeutic index of taxane chemotherapy (Pietras, Cancer Research, 2002). We hypothesized that PDGFR inhibitor therapy with imatinib mesylate combined with androgen ablation (AA) and docetaxel (D) induces pathological complete responses (pCR) in high-risk localized prostate adenocarcinoma (PC) prior to radical prostatectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection (RP). Methods: Thirty six men with PC ≥T2 disease or Gleason grade 8–10 or serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) > 20 ng/ml or cT2b and PSA >10 ng/ml and Gleason 7 disease (AJCC, 1992), without radiological evidence of metastases, were planned to receive intramuscular leuprolide, imatinib 600mg orally daily, and weekly D 30 mg/m2 on D1, 8, 15, 22 q42 for three cycles (18 weeks) before RP [β (0.02, 1.98) prior on the possibility of pCR]. Unresectable pelvic nodal dis...
Abstract W P304: Variation in Use of Carotid Revascularization Procedures and In-Hospital Mortality Among Large, Urban Teaching Hospitals in the United States

Background: Guidelines and quality improvement efforts seek to minimize variation in care and outcomes across hospitals. We assessed hospital-level variation in procedure rates and in-hospital mortality for patients hospitalized with ischemic stroke at similar hospitals in the US. The use of procedures and in-hospital mortality were not expected to vary significantly among comparable, high-volume facilities after adjusting for patient case-mix. Methods: We selected urban teaching hospitals with ≥100 annual ischemic stroke discharges (ICD-9 433, 434, 436) from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample 2010-2011. Generalized linear mixed models were used to quantify between-hospital variation in the use of carotid artery stenting (CAS) and endarterectomy (CEA), as well as in-hospital mortality, adjusting for patient characteristics. Adjusted odds ratios were calculated to reflect the odds that patients would have the procedure/outcome when treated at hospitals 1 SD above relative to hospitals 1 SD below the overall r...
Fast CRCs

CRCs have desirable properties for effective error detection. But their software implementation, which relies on many steps of the polynomial division, is typically slower than other codes such as weaker checksums. A relevant question is whether there are some particular CRCs that have fast implementation. In this paper, we introduce such fast CRCs as well as an effective technique to implement them. For these fast CRCs, even without using table lookup, it is possible either to eliminate or to greatly reduce many steps of the polynomial division during their computation.
Promoter-Specific Effects of DREADD Modulation on Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity and Memory Formation

Designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drug (DREADDs) are a novel tool with the potential to bidirectionally drive cellular, circuit, and ultimately, behavioral changes. We used DREADDs to evaluate memory formation in a hippocampus-dependent task in mice and effects on synaptic physiology in the dorsal hippocampus. We expressed neuron-specific (hSyn promoter) DREADDs that were either excitatory (HM3D) or inhibitory (HM4D) in the dorsal hippocampus. As predicted, hSyn–HM3D was able to transform a subthreshold learning event into long-term memory (LTM), and hSyn–HM4D completely impaired LTM formation. Surprisingly, the opposite was observed during experiments examining the effects on hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP). hSyn–HM3D impaired LTP and hSyn–HM4D facilitated LTP. Follow-up experiments indicated that the hSyn–HM3D-mediated depression of fEPSP appears to be driven by presynaptic activation of inhibitory currents, whereas the hSyn–HM4D-mediated increase of fEPSP is induced by a reduction in GABA A receptor function. To determine whether these observations were promoter specific, we next examined the effects of using the CaMKIIα promoter that limits expression to forebrain excitatory neurons. CaMKIIα–HM3D in the dorsal hippocampus led to the transformation of a subthreshold learning event into LTM, whereas CaMKIIα–HM4D blocked LTM formation. Consistent with these findings, baseline synaptic transmission and LTP was increased in CaMKIIα–HM3D hippocampal slices, whereas slices from CaMKIIα–HM4D mice produced expected decreases in baseline synaptic transmission and LTP. Together, these experiments further demonstrate DREADDs as being a robust and reliable means of modulating neuronal function to manipulate long-term changes in behavior, while providing evidence for specific dissociations between LTM and LTP. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This study evaluates the efficacy of designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drug (DREADDs) as a means of bidirectionally modulating the hippocampus in not only a hippocampus-dependent task but also in hippocampal synaptic plasticity. This is the first study to evaluate the effects of DREADD-mediated inhibition and excitation in hippocampal long-term potentiation. More specifically, this study evaluates the effect of promoter-specific expression of DREADD viruses in a heterogenic cell population, which revealed surprising effects of different promoters. With chemogenetics becoming a more ubiquitous tool throughout studies investigating circuit-specific function, these data are of broad interest to the neuroscientific community because we have shown that promoter-specific effects can drastically alter synaptic function within a specific region, without parallel changes at the level of behavior.
Temporal and Geographic Variations in the Receipt of Colony-Stimulating Factors and Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agents in a Large Retrospective Cohort of Older Women With Breast Cancer From 2000 to 2009.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to use the most recent national data for a large cohort of patients diagnosed with breast cancer to evaluate temporal trend of receiving hematopoietic growth factors from 2000 to 2009 and to examine significant factors associated with increasing trends and geographic variations. We identified 26,130 women aged 65-89 years who were diagnosed with breast cancer and received chemotherapy in 2000-2009 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare data. Colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) were identified if there was a claim from the following procedure codes: filgrastim, pegfilgrastim, or sargramostim. Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) were identified if there was a claim from the following procedure codes: epoetin or darbepoetin. Overall, 51.7% of patients with breast cancer received CSFs, which increased from 21.7% in 2000 to 63.2% in 2009. The percentage of patients receiving pegfilgrastim increased from 2.7% in 2000 to 19.5% in 2003 and then continuously to 49.7% in 2009. The overall percentage of patients receiving ESAs was 39.3%, which increased from 26.4% in 2000 to 60.8% in 2006, and then decreased significantly from 40.7% in 2007 to 12.9% in 2009. The receipt of both CSFs and ESAs differed significantly across different geographic areas. The receipt of CSFs continued to increase from 2000 to 2009, and pegfilgrastim started to replace filgrastim since 2003. The receipt of ESAs increased until 2006 and then declined substantially due to the black box warning. There were substantial geographic variations in the use of these hematopoietic growth factors.
Analysis on Crack of Weld Seam Joint of Power Plant Boiler Set

By visual inspection,composition analysis,performance testing,metallographic diagnosis and electron microscopic,the failure analysis of power plant boiler furnace shaft turn in horizontal flue wall(15CrMo) material for the fixation of joint weld crack was carried out.The results show that the fracture of the joint crack mechanism was toughness.The structure design of installation structure is unreasonable.The great difference in temperature between header and tube bundle can lead to stress concentration.
Insights into the Genesis of Light Chain Amyloid Assembly

In many amyloid diseases, proteins exhibit a gradual stepwise conversion of monomers to mature amyloid fibrils through an array of intermediate structures with different physicochemical properties. Elucidation of these pathways and structures is especially important as many of these intermediates are reported to be cytotoxic and plays a critical role in the initiation of amyloid assembly.One such amyloid disease caused by deposition of insoluble amyloid fibrils is light-chain (AL) amyloidosis, resulting from plasma cell dyscrasia and invariably leads to cell death and organ failure. Although there is a host of studies conducted on the aggregation of light chain and its mutants, the exact pathway of amyloid nucleation in AL amyloidosis is unclear. Some reports show early oligomeric species during aggregation of the wild type, non amyloidogenic control κI O18/O8 and the amyloidogenic AL-09 variable domain in vivo as well as in presence of certain glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in vitro. Furthermore the aggregation kinetics of the variable domain (VL) in κI O18/O8 and its mutants has also been reported to show a considerable modulation in aggregation rate in presence of GAGs. In this work, we show small spherical aggregates at early time point of aggregation reaction of κI O18/O8VL, AL-09 VL and AL-103 VL by electron microscopy (EM). Consistent with the physicochemical properties of oligomers, these small spherical aggregate are ThT-negative and act as genesis centers for mature fibrils. Furthermore from our concentration dependence assays, we observed that the aggregation rate is mostly dependent on the dimer dissociation constant of the proteins rather than the involvement of these early spherical aggregates.
Resonant Deformable Matching: Simultaneous Registration and Reconstruction

In the past decade we have seen the emergence of many efficient algorithms for estimating non-rigid deformations registering a template to target features. Registration of density functions is particularly popular. In contrast to the success enjoyed by the density function representation, we have not seen similar success with the signed distance function representation. Resonant deformable matching (RDM) simultaneously estimates a non-rigid deformation and a set of unknown target normal directions by registering fields comprising signed distance and probability density information. Resonance occurs as the reconstruction estimate comes into agreement with the registered template. We perform experiments probing two problems: point-set registration and normal estimation. RDM compares favorably to top tier point registration and graph algorithms in terms of registration and reconstruction metrics.
Sex offender legislation and social control: an examination of sex offenders’ expectations prior to release

AbstractAlthough there has been considerable study of desistance from criminal offending in general, very little of this research has focused on sex offenders specifically. Given the increasing number of restrictive legislations targeting sex offenders which can serve as formal social controls, it is important to understand the impact of these laws on the desistance process. A sample of 84 sex offenders who were within three months of release from prison were interviewed to determine what they knew about the laws they would be subject to upon release, their expectation for barriers to reintegration, and the extent to which they were prepared to overcome these barriers. More than one third of sex offenders who were nearing release did not know or were unsure whether they would be subject to sex offender laws upon release. Further, the majority of the sex offenders reported that they felt very or mostly prepared for reintegration. Finally, while most of the sex offenders reported anticipating some barriers ...
Collagenase Clostridium Histolyticum in the Treatment of Urologic Disease: Current and Future Impact.

Abstract Introduction Peyronie's disease (PD) is a connective tissue disorder resulting in the abnormal accumulation of type I to III collagen, fibrin, and disorganized elastic fibers in the tunica albuginea of the penis. Many medical and non-pharmacologic modalities have been used in the treatment of PD; however, these approaches have proved largely ineffective, with surgery being the only definitive treatment. Intralesional injection of collagenase Clostridium histolyticum (CCH) has recently become the gold standard for minimally invasive treatment of PD, and studies have suggested the role of CCH could expand to the treatment of other urologic conditions such as urethral stricture disease. Aim To provide an update on available data on the use of CCH in the treatment of PD and other urologic conditions. Methods Comprehensive review of recent clinical trials and in vivo studies that examined the safety and efficacy of CCH in urologic disease. Main Outcome Measures Assessing the efficacy of CCH in the management of PD as determined by improvement in the severity of penile fibrosis, curvature deformity, and pain. Results Several well-designed clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy and tolerability of CCH in the treatment of PD. CCH has demonstrated significant decreases in penile curvature and plaque consistency and improvements in patient satisfaction. Treatment durability and long-term adverse effects are still being assessed; however, outcomes of PD management with CCH continue to replicate the results obtained during the IMPRESS clinical trials. Preliminary studies support the premise that CCH can modify disease progression in patients with acute-phase PD. Furthermore, one in vivo study showed that CCH also could be applied to urethral stricture disease without serious adverse complications. Conclusion CCH continues to be the mainstay for non-surgical management of stable-phase PD. However, its role in the treatment of acute-phase PD, PD with ventral plaques, and urethral stricture disease could expand in the coming years. Gabrielson AT, Spitz JT, Hellstrom WJG. Collagenase Clostridium Histolyticum in the Treatment of Urologic Disease: Current and Future Impact. Sex Med Rev 2018;6:143–156.
Response to de Wit et al., 2016 “Characteristics of Auditory Processing Disorders: A Systematic Review”

Purpose This letter to the editor is in response to a review by de Wit et al. (2016), “Characteristics of Auditory Processing Disorders: A Systematic Review,” published in April 2016 by Journal of ...
Silent Disagreement: Microinteractional Solutions to Moral Dissent Among Catholic Converts

How do converts manage their disagreements with religious teachings? Previous literature on religious dissent has largely focused on church members advocating change or apostatizing, solutions largely unavailable to initiates. Based on six months of ethnographic observations in a Catholic conversion class and 21 in-depth interviews with converts, sponsors, and teachers, I demonstrate how microinteractional norms encourage an atmosphere of silence around disagreement. I then show how initiates explain this conflict avoidant response by justifying their doubt, engaging in a process of hierarchical deference, in which initiates call upon the top-down structure of the Catholic Church to defer control upward, and faulting human imperfection rather than the institution itself. While “culture wars” debates of the past two decades have investigated a purported moral polarization of the American public, this study contributes to a growing literature on how the moderate majority negotiates disagreements between their beliefs and religious teachings.
Measuring Mutation Rates Using the Luria-Delbrück Fluctuation Assay

The Luria-Delbruck fluctuation assay is one of the most commonly used methods for measuring the mutation rate in microorganisms. Specifically, it is used to measure the mutation rate at a particular locus or loci at which mutations give rise to a selectable phenotype. Here, I outline the essential features of performing Luria-Delbruck fluctuation assays as well as common missteps and tips for improving the accuracy of mutation rate estimates. In addition, I provide tools for analyzing data from fluctuation assays. This 96-well plate protocol has been optimized for use in yeast but should perform equally well for a range of microorganisms using standard microbiological methods.
Resident attitudes and compliance towards robotic surgical training

Abstract Background Adoption of robotics in general surgery has expanded but there is no mandatory national standardized curriculum for general surgery residents (GSR). Methods A survey was administered to all GSRs in 2014 addressing future practice and robotic experience. A non-mandatory robotic curriculum was available for residents to train. Compliance was assessed. In 2016, the same survey was re-administered. Barriers to completing the curriculum were identified. Results Interest in improving robotic skills remained high (2014 = 97.8% vs 2016 = 95.9%, p = 0.608), and the majority planned to incorporate robotics into future practice (77.8% vs 69.4%; p = 0.358). Only 11 residents (18%) voluntarily completed the curriculum while 36 (60%) started but did not complete. A trend toward increased procedure participation was seen (60.0%–77.6%, p = 0.066). The perceived barriers to completion of the curriculum were length of time required (80%) and lack of access to a simulator (60%). Conclusions A structured robotic training curriculum that is non-mandatory is insufficient in helping residents gain fundamental robotic skills.
Atomic Transport in Heavily Defective Materials: Crystals and Glasses

Defect-free crystals do not conduct ions. Increasing disorder initially translates into enhanced atomic transport. Heavily defective crystals, however, often exhibit successively lower levels of atomic diffusivity as the defect level is increased. This dilemma may be addressed by considering that highly disordered solids tend towards order. Interesting insights may be obtained by considering compounds with related structures which can be induced to go through order-disorder transitions either by change in temperature or composition. A number of such systems will be considered including materials with structures related to the fluorite and perovskite structures.
Glial Tissue Mechanics and Mechanosensing by Glial Cells.

Understanding the mechanical behavior of human brain is critical to interpret the role of physical stimuli in both normal and pathological processes that occur in CNS tissue, like development, inflammation, neurodegeneration, aging and most common brain tumors. Despite clear evidence that mechanical cues influence both normal and transformed brain tissue activity as well as normal and transformed brain cell behavior, little is known about the links between mechanical signals and their biochemical and medical consequences. The multi-level approach from whole organ rheology to single cell mechanics is needed to understand the physical aspects of human brain function and its pathologies. This review summarizes the latest achievements in the field.
Semiempirical molecular orbital calculations: The iron tricarbonyl polyene aldehyde isomers☆

Abstract Semiempirical all valence electrons extended Huckel molecular orbital calculations of the charge self consistent type were performed on the possible adducts obtained from the interaction of 9-methyl-2,4,6,8-nona-tetraenal and iron tricarbonyl. The organic moiety offers three different butadiene fragments, and the stability of the possible isomers obtained is predicted. In addition the electron densities on the various atoms of the molecules were calculated, and hence their susceptibility to substitution reactions is analyzed.
Congenital second-degree heart block and total anomalous pulmonary venous return associated with microduplication of 1q32.2

We report a term female infant with congenital heart block and total anomalous of pulmonary venous return. The results of single nucleotide polymorphism oligonucleotide microarray analysis showed an interstitial duplication of approximately 818 Kb, which involved 11 genes, including the entire LAMB3 gene which is known to associate with cardiac conduction defect. Our report adds to the collective knowledge that the cardiac conduction defect is a clinical feature of chromosome 1q32.2 duplication.
Recent Trends in Biological Depression Research

What happened in biological depression research since the last World Congress of Psychiatry. Much, too much to cover in any comprehensive way in 15 minutes. Therefore, I confine myself to sketching broadly a few trends. Without detailing; without any claim of comprehensiveness.
Methods of Predicting the Deformation of the Seabed due to Cyclic Loading

The stability of underwater slopes and seafloor sediments is of major importance for offshore structures such as pipelines, jacket platforms and gravity platforms. In this paper laboratory simulation studies of marine slopes under cyclic loading are analyzed. Results indicate that the development of slope movement is dependent on (1) soil strength, (2) bottom pressure, (3) depth of unstable zone and pore-water pressure generation. To predict slope performance requires (a) quantifying the soil response to cyclic and static loading (total or effective stress analysis), and (b) selection of the appropriate slope stability technique (limit equilibrium or finite element method). Tables are presented comparing total and effective stress analysis as well as the various methods of slope stability analysis. On the basis of this study it was concluded that the permanent deformation procedure utilizing the finite element method is the most general.
ECoST: Energy-Efficient Co-Locating and Self-Tuning MapReduce Applications

Datacenters provide high performance and flexibility for users and cost efficiency for operators. Hyperscale datacenters are harnessing massively scalable computer resources for large-scale data analysis. However, cloud/datacenter infrastructure does not scale as fast as the input data volume and computational requirements of big data and analytics technologies. Thus, more applications need to share CPU at the node level that could have large impact on performance and operational cost. To address this challenge, in this paper we show that, concurrently fine-tune parameters at the application, microarchitecture, and system levels are creating opportunities to co-locate applications at the node level and improve energy-efficiency of the server while maintaining performance. Co-locating and self-tuning of unknown applications are challenging problems, especially when co-locating multiple big data applications concurrently with many tuning knobs, potentially requiring exhaustive brute-force search to find the right settings. This research challenge upsurges an imminent need to develop a technique that co-locates applications at a node level and predict the optimal system, architecture and application level configure parameters to achieve the maximum energy efficiency. It promotes the scale-down of computational nodes by presenting the Energy-Efficient Co-Locating and Self-Tuning (ECoST) technique for data intensive applications. ECoST proof of concept was successfully tested on MapReduce platform. ECoST can also be deployed on other data-intensive frameworks where there are several parameters for power and performance tuning optimizations. ECoST collects run-time hardware performance counter data and implements various machine learning models from as simple as a lookup table or decision tree based to as complex as neural network based to predict the energy-efficiency of co-located applications. Experimental data show energy efficiency is achieved within 4% of the upper bound results when co-locating multiple applications at a node level. ECoST is also scalable, being within 8% of upper bound on an 8-node server.
Energy and the Environment

Abstract This chapter provides an overview of the life cycles of the various systems that produce and transport energy and the damage incurred by the various stages, from extraction to disposal. All energy production causes insults to the environment, differing amount and type of pollution. Future decisions on appropriate energy production and conservation must be based on sound science and factual comparisons of available options.
Seebohm and Husserl on the Humanities

This essay discusses Husserl’s brief and Seebohm’s much more extensive comments on the grounding of several disciplines commonly described under the heading of “the humanities” as sciences in his History as a Science and the System of the Sciences. It asks not just what Husserl and Seebohm say about the grounding of these disciplines as empirical sciences, but also whether we can understand what they have to say by applying what they have to say to the actual practice of these disciplines, thereby extending and refining some of the rather general claims they make about the way they should and do proceed as genuine sciences in the sense indicated above. It does not attempt to do this with all of the humanities but with a few paradigmatic examples, all of which, as academic disciplines, typically take texts and the matters these texts are directed to as the objects of their studies. It thereby becomes clear in the summary of Husserl’s and Seebohm’s positions on the grounding of the Geisteswissenschaften (Husserl’s term, not Seebohm’s) why the notion of interpretation is so important, in particular for literary studies and history, but not so much for applied disciplines such as composition studies or foreign language instruction that are part of humanities departments but do not fit the classic model of the Geisteswissenschaften as theoretical, interpretive disciplines.
Taste and smell.

Olfaction declines dramatically with age. Taste is relatively robust. A variety of causes other than aging are known to produce declines in olfaction and to a lesser extent in taste. Many chemosensory deficits in the elderly cannot be attributed to age but rather to pathologic conditions. In addition to deficits, individuals may experience taste or smell phantoms. In many cases, losses and phantoms are untreatable but their effects on the elderly may be mitigated by appropriate coping skills.
Composite cognitive and functional measures for early stage Alzheimer's disease trials.

Introduction Composite scales have been advanced as primary outcomes in early stage Alzheimer's disease trials, and endorsed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for pivotal trials. They are generally composed of several neurocognitive subscales and may include clinical and functional activity scales. Methods We summarized the development of 12 composite scales intended as outcomes for clinical trials and assessed their characteristics. Results Composite scales have been constructed from past observational and clinical trial databases by selecting components of individual neuropsychological tests previously used in clinical trials. The atheoretical approaches to combining scales into a composite scale that have often been used risk omitting clinically important measures and so may include redundant, irrelevant, or noncontributory tests. The deliberate combining of neurocognitive scales with functional activity scales provides arbitrary weightings that also may be clinically irrelevant or obscure change in a particular domain. Basic psychometric information is lacking for most of the composites. Discussion Although composite scales are desirable for pivotal clinical trials because they, in principle, provide for a single, primary outcome combining neurocognitive and/or functional domains, they have substantial limitations, including their common derivations, inattention to basic psychometric principles, redundancy, absence of alternate forms, and, arguably, the inclusion of functional measures in some. In effect, any currently used composite is undergoing validation through its use in a trial. The assumption that a composite, by its construction alone, is more likely than an individual measure to detect an effect from any particular drug and that the effect is more clinically relevant or valid has not been demonstrated.
Type and Screen Prior to Radical Prostatectomy for Prostate Cancer— Time for a Change?

AbstractPurpose:Despite low rates of transfusion associated with robotic prostatectomy, surgeons routinely obtain preoperative blood typing. Here we aim to understand the cost savings associated wi...
Petrofiktion og politisk økonomi i den sene fossile kapitals tidsalder

Fra titlen til de sidste scener i Helon Habilas roman Olie pa vand (2010) praesenterer olie sig som stemning, miljo og atmosfaere. Nar fortaelleren Rufus baner sig vej ind i Nigerdeltaet er atmosfaeren tung med ”den luftbarne dunst af dod materie… grene beklaedt med dode fugle, de udstrakte vinger sorte og glatte af olie” og graes ”kvalt af en film af olie, hvert stra daekket med klatter, som leverpletter pa en rygers hand” (Habila 9f). Olie forsegler atmosfaeren i Olie pa vand i en sadan grad, at forskellige ting – lugte, fugle, graes – bliver udtryk for den samme ting. Nar vi nar til midten af romanen, er selv de indsatte i faengslet saledes daekket af olie som straf, i hvad romanen kalder en ”brutal salvelse” (Habila 60). I romanens sidste scene bliver ”litervis af olie, der flyder pa vandet” beskrevet som en ”lokke, der strammer om halsen pa enhver livsform, der befinder sig nedenunder” (Habila 238). I Abdelrahman Munifs Byer af salt (1984) – romanen, der inspirerede Amitav Ghosh til i en anmeldelse at opfinde begrebet petrofiktion – arbejder raolien derimod bag scenerne pa betydningsfulde mader, men er aldrig fysisk tilstede (se Ghosh 138-151). Hvorfor denne overflod af fysiske beskrivelser af olie i romaner af nyere dato?
Quantitative proteomics reveals extensive lysine ubiquitination in the Arabidopsis root proteome and uncovers novel transcription factor stability states

Protein activity, abundance, and stability can be regulated by posttranslational modification including ubiquitination. Ubiquitination is conserved among eukaryotes and plays a central role in modulating cellular function and yet we lack comprehensive catalogs of proteins that are modified by ubiquitin in plants. In this study, we describe an antibody-based approach to enrich peptides containing the di-glycine (diGly) remnant of ubiquitin and coupled that with isobaric labeling to enable quantification, from up to 16-multiplexed samples, for plant tissues. Collectively, we identified 7,130 diGly-modified lysine residues sites arising from 3,178 proteins in Arabidopsis primary roots. These data include ubiquitin proteasome dependent ubiquitination events as well as ubiquitination events associated with auxin treatment. Gene Ontology analysis indicated that ubiquitinated proteins are associated with numerous biological processes including hormone signaling, plant defense, protein homeostasis, and root morphogenesis. We determined the ubiquitinated lysine residues that directly regulate the stability of the transcription factors CRYPTOCHROME-INTERACTING BASIC-HELIX-LOOP-HELIX 1 (CIB1), CIB1 LIKE PROTEIN 2 (CIL2), and SENSITIVE TO PROTON RHIZOTOXICITY (STOP1) using site directed mutagenesis and in vivo degradation assays. These comprehensive site-level ubiquitinome profiles provide a wealth of data for future studies related to modulation of biological processes mediated by this posttranslational modification in plants.
Examining intercultural transition and history through service learning

This paper documents a half-semester service-learning teaching activity for engaging students to think critically about intercultural communication theory. In collaboration with a community partner...
Postoperative Bone Mineral Health Optimization in the Geriatric Patient

Osteoporosis is a silent condition and often goes undiagnosed until the sequela of fracture occurs. The occurrence of a fragility fracture is diagnostic of osteoporosis, regardless of bone mineral density (BMD). Hip fracture is the most devastating consequence of osteoporosis and associated with prolonged hospitalizations, loss of independence, diminished quality of life, and increased mortality. Hip fractures are important not only due to their immediate consequences, but because their occurrence is associated with future fractures. Despite recommendations to treat osteoporosis in patients who have sustained a fragility fracture, including a hip fracture, rates of treatment remain low. Because of the morbidity, mortality, cost, and risk of future fractures, secondary prevention of hip fractures is critical. Initial assessment for all patients presenting with hip fracture should include a medical history, physical examination for signs of conditions associated with bone loss, risk factor evaluation, and laboratory evaluation. Lifestyle interventions such as smoking cessation, limiting alcohol intake, resistance and balance exercises, and adequate calcium and vitamin D intake should be reinforced in all patients. Pharmacologic treatment is recommended in all patients with an osteoporotic fracture to prevent subsequent fractures. Pharmacologic options include anti-resorptive medications, which decrease bone resorption by inhibiting osteoclast activity, and anabolic agents, which promote bone formation by activating osteoblasts. Both classes of medications have been shown to decrease the risk of fractures and improve BMD.
Reactive processing and properties of nickel aluminide–carbon nanotube composites

This paper for the first time investigates combustion synthesis of 3Ni-Al–carbon nanotube (CNT) powder compacts simultaneously under two modes of ignition (electrically activated reaction synthesis (EARS) and electrically ignited self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (EISHS)), using a novel setup. The resulting phases, microstructure, porosity, and hardness were investigated and discussed. An increase in CNT (0–3 vol.%) content led to an increase in product porosity and microstructural inhomogeneity. This was seen most dramatically in the EISHS mode compared to the EARS. The increased pore content in EISHS regions resulted in lower hardness values. However, in regions of the compact that experienced EARS, an increase in CNT content led to an increase in microhardness, in spite of the higher porosity levels. The latter result highlights the important benefit of adding CNTs to nickel aluminides.
Genomics and the Geosciences

The exploding genomic database holds enormous promise for understanding the coevolution of life and the Earth. Genomic data will help us understand how organisms operate and how they evolved, while the geological sciences provide the environmental and temporal context for understanding how and when key thresholds were crossed. A rich collaboration between geosciences and biological sciences should thus lead to fundamental advances in our understanding of the coevolution of the Earth9s bio-, hydro-, atmo- and lithospheres.
Commentary on Hommel

Publisher Summary The primary goal of Hommel's action-concept model of stimulus–response (S–R) compatibility is to demonstrate its explanatory and predictive power for many findings in the compatibility literature. As per his model, most explanations of S–R compatibility effects are coding accounts that rely on the concept of S–R similarity. Despite this relatively widespread agreement, little is known about what kinds of codes are critical, according to which criteria they are formed, and where they come from. Through his model, the circumstances under which a stimulus will be coded as left or refight and the number of stimulus dimensions coded at one time are addressed along with the effect of practice on response coding. The action-concept model represents a significant achievement due to its treatment of S–R compatibility within a more general perspective on the relation between perception and action and its characterization of action concepts with sufficient precision to make specific predictions.
Energy and luminosity limits of hadron supercolliders

Extending the frontiers of experimental high energy physics in a manner that maximizes discovery potential requires the building accelerators of ever higher particle energies and luminosities. Both hadron and e/sup +/e/sup -/-colliders have been proposed for this role. Based on a self-consistent computational model, this paper explores the features of hadron supercolliders beyond the SSC. The application of the presently available accelerator technologies embodied in the designs of the LHC and SSC to an ELOISATRON operating at 100 TeV per beam would yield a collider with a luminosity of 10/sup 34/ cm/sup -2/ s/sup -1/. Even higher energies and luminosities are clearly possible. The paper concludes with an examination of the ultimate potential of synchrotron-based colliders to explore PeV energies. >
Using The Learners World To Construct And Think In A System Of Mathematical Symbols

The pedagogical implications of the Freudenthal method for the training of mathematics teachers show how adult teachers change their own attitudes and achieve greater student involvement and results.
Concise total syntheses of the bioactive mesotricyclic diterpenoids jatrophatrione and citlalitrione.

The highly functionalized [5.9.5] tricyclic framework resident in jatrophatrione (1) and citlalitrione (2) has been synthesized. The route begins with the tandem anionic oxy-Cope rearrangement/methylation/transannular ene cyclization of 21 and subsequent introduction of a conjugated enone double bond. Hydroxyl-directed 1,4-reduction of this functionality in 25 with LiAlH4/CuI/hexamethylphosphoramide/tetrahydrofuran sets the stage for the implementation of a Grob fragmentation and expedited generation of 27. Stereocontrolled intramolecular hydrosilylation allows for the subsequent introduction of a cyclic carbonate as in 53. This intermediate undergoes remarkably efficient, fully regiocontrolled Treibs reaction to generate 54, with this maneuver serving as a pivotal step for making 1 available five steps later. Treatment of 1 with m-chloroperbenzoic acid leads to 2, with attack occurring preferentially on a α-face of the double bond more remote to the carbonyl.
Using hybrid neural networks/expert systems for intelligent scheduling in flexible manufacturing systems

Summary form only given, as follows. Recent developments in computer technology and increasingly sophisticated applications of artificial intelligence (AI) have made possible a greater level of intelligence within flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) and, in particular, the scheduling of these systems. An intelligent scheduling system is presented for FMS that makes use of the integration of two AI technologies. These two AI technologies-neural networks and expert systems-provide the intelligence that the scheduling function requires in order to generate good schedules within the restrictions imposed by real-time problems. Because the system has the ability to plan ahead and learn, it has a higher probability of success than conventional approaches. In addition, it has the ability to 'self-improve' in the event of a performance failure. >
The neurological evaluation scale (NES): A structured instrument for the assessment of neurological signs in schizophrenia

The significance of neurological signs in schizophrenia is poorly understood. In part, this may reflect the marked variability in the methods of ascertainment in previous studies. The Neurological Evaluation Scale (NES) is designed to standardize the assessment of neurological impairment in schizophrenia. The battery consists of 26 items. Data on the interrater reliability for total score, functional areas of interest, and individual items are presented. Preliminary validity data demonstrate the ability of the battery to discriminate patients with schizophrenia from nonpsychiatric controls.
Trends in Socioeconomic Achievement among Immigrant and Native-Born Asian-Americans, 1960–1976*

The first waves of Asian immigration to the United States were halted by exclusionary and racist legislation in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. With the reforms of the 1965 Immigration Act, there has been a resurgence of immigration from Asia. This study analyzes changes in the socioeconomic composition of immigrant and native-born Asian-Americans (Japanese, Chinese, and Filipinos) from 1960 to 1976. The educational levels of all Asian groups, immigrant and native-born, have equaled or exceeded those of whites in recent years. Asians are more likely to be found in professional occupations than are whites, although there is also a concentration of immigrant Chinese and Filipinos in service occupations and the retailtrade sector. Native-born Asian-Americans have reached parity with whites in terms of average earnings, though immigrant Asians remain far behind. The findings are discussed in light of the changing structural conditions and opportunities of Asians in American society.
Coupled simulation of carrier transport and electrodynamics: the EMC/FDTD/MD technique

In order to understand the response of conductive materials to high-frequency electrical or optical excitations, the interplay between carrier transport and electrodynamics must be captured. We present our recent work on developing EMC/FDTD/MD, a self-consistent coupled simulation of semiclassical carrier transport, described by ensemble Monte Carlo (EMC), with full-wave electrodynamics, described by the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) technique and molecular dynamics (MD) for sub-grid-cell interactions. Examples of room-temperature terahertz-frequency transport simulation of doped silicon and back-gated graphene are shown.
Indium-free transparent thin film transistors based on nanocrystalline ZnO

Wide bandgap semiconductors based on (Zn, In, Ga, Sn)-oxides are all good candidates for the channel material in transparent thin film transistors (TTFT) because of their simultaneous high electron mobility and optical transparency properties. The choice of contact layers are, however, more limited because not all metal oxides can be doped high enough to yield low resistivity layers. Historically, the most common contact layers are ternary compounds that include indium (e.g. indium-tin-oxide, indium-zinc-oxide etc). These indium-containing transparent conductive oxide (TCO) films find widespread applications in flat panel displays and touch-sensitive surfaces of many communication devices. Because of the rapidly expanding markets for such devices, and the limited availability of indium in the world markets, the increased demand-to-supply ratio has caused the cost of indium to increase very rapidly. There are concerns about the continuity of indium supply for future devices.1
A Fujita type global existence-global nonexistence theorem for a weakly coupled system of reaction-diffusion equations

LetD⊂RN be a region with smooth boundary∂D. Letp·q>1,p, q≥1. We consider the system:ut=Δu+vp,vt=Δu+uq inD×[0, ∞) withu=v=0 in∂D×[0, ∞) andu0,v0 nonnegative. Letγ=max(p, q). We show that ifD isRN, a cone or the exterior of a bounded domain, then there is a numberpc(D) such that (a) if (γ+1)/(pq−1)>pc(D) no nontrivial global positive solutions of the system exist while (b) if (γ+1)/(pq−1)<pc(D) both nontrivial global and nonglobal solutions exist. In caseD is a cone orD=RN, (a) holds with equality. An explicit formula forpc(D) is given.
Juvenile Delinquency and Recidivism: The Impact of Academic Achievement

For well over a century, behavioral researchers have attempted to understand the relation between juvenile delinquency and academic achievement. The authors review current literature pertaining to academic achievement and its effect on delinquency. While researchers have not yet been able to establish a direct causal relation between these two variables, it has been demonstrated that poor academic outcomes can adversely affect a child's behavior, and early behavioral problems can lead to poor academic outcomes. Studies have also shown that rates of recidivism are highly correlated with low levels of academic performance. Lastly, research has demonstrated that the implementation of sound academic interventions, particularly in reading, can effectively reduce rates of both delinquency and recidivism.
Sensory quality of Ontario potatoes compared with principal varieties grown in Maine

Baked potatoes of five varieties grown at the same location in Maine were evaluated for quality shortly after harvest and after six months’ storage by sensory panels of 16 and 18 members. The Ontario variety was rated significantly poorer (P = 0.05) in flavor than Russet Burbank, Katahdin, and Superior, but did not differ from Kennebec when tested in November. Following storage, however, these differences were not significant. At the 1% level of detection, Ontario tubers were judged significantly less mealy than those of the Russet Burbank, Katahdin, Superior, and Kennebec varieties (Nov. Kennebec excepted) and were grayer (Mar. Superior excepted).
Comment on the use of the augmented matrix in MCSCF theory

Abstract The augmented matrix (AM) approach to the solution of the system of linear equations occurring in second-order MCSCF theory is discussed. It is shown that the AM approach provides a damped solution to this system of equations which eliminates the appropriate number of negative eigenvalues of the hessian and that the intermediate normalization is appropriate for the eigenvector of the AM.
In vivo phosphorylation of postsynaptic density proteins

Abstract In vivo protein phosphorylation was examined in postsynaptic density-enriched fractions isolated from rat brain. In vivo phosphorylation was carried out by injecting rats intraventricularly with [ 32 P]orthophosphate followed by isolation of postsynaptic densities from pooled cerebral cortices. In vivo 32 P-labeled postsynaptic densities were then fractionated by sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis and stained with Coomassie Blue. The protein banding pattern was typical for postsynaptic densities. The principal polypeptide component occurred in a single band at an apparent molecular weight of 51,000. Autoradiographs of the dried gels showed a major peak of radioactivity associated with the 51,000 molecular weight component for the in vivo labeled postsynaptic density fraction. Additional minor peaks of radioactivity were also observed. These results represent the first demonstration that proteins associated with the postsynaptic density readily incorporate phosphate in vivo and may represent a major and important class of synaptic phosphoproteins.