cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Does It Matter What Your Client Thinks? The Role of Theory in Intervention: Response to Kamhi.

Kamhi (2000) presents a case study of a child with a phonological impairment whose view of the intervention process led her to refuse to work on her goals with anyone other than her clinician. In t...
Effects of oxygen on aerobic solid-state biodegradation kinetics.

Oxygen is a critical control variable for composting and other solid-state biodegradation processes. In this study we examined the effect of varying oxygen concentrations (1%, 4%, and 21% O 2 (v/v)) on biodegradation kinetics under different substrate (sewage sludge and synthetic food waste), temperature (35, 45, 55, and 65 °C), and moisture (36-60% H 2 O) conditions. Three forms of a saturation or Monod-type model and one form of an exponential model were evaluated against data from extensive experiments under carefully controlled environmental conditions. The exponential model performed well at temperatures from 35 to 55 °C but had problems at higher temperatures. The Monod-type models yielded the best fit based on R 2 values. Multiple linear regression was used to express the oxygen half-saturation coefficient as a function of temperature and moisture. For a modified one-parameter saturation model the half-saturation coefficient varied from -0.67% to 1.74% v/v O 2 under the range of conditions typical of composting systems. While the positive correlation of biodegradation rate with oxygen concentration reported by previous researchers held true for temperatures below 55 °C, an inverse relationship was found at 65 °C. Although this study did not directly examine anaerobic conditions, the results under microaerophilic conditions suggest oxygen may not offer kinetic advantages for extreme thermophilic biodegradation processes.
Phase-conjugate reflection at arbitrary angles using TEM00 pump beams

Abstract We calculate the spatial and angular variations of the reflection from a phase-conjugate mirror (PCM) using degenerate four-wave mixing pumped by collimated gaussian TEM 00 pump waves. The analysis is valid for finite cell lenghts and arbitrary angles and beam profiles of the incident signal wave, neglecting depletion and diffraction effects. For small incidence angles or thin samples the four-wave mixer behaves as a “gaussian-reflectivity PCM”. For large incidence angles and thick samples, reflection nonuniformity in the plane of the k -vectors disappears. The power reflectivity of the PCM for an incident beam consisting of a single Hermite-gaussian mode is calculated in both limits.
Evaluation of Transient Electromagnetic Soundings for Deep Detection of Conductive Fluids

Transient electromagnetic sounding methods (TEM) have several advantages over DC resistivity soundings. The principal advantage is that sounding depths several times the receiver-transmitter spacing can be achieved, resulting in less cumbersome field work and more flexible sounding site selection. The TEM method was tested using a commercially available instrument (Geonics EM-37) in the Gulf Springs region of west-central Florida to locate the saltwater interface in the Floridan Aquifer. The Floridan is a thick (200 m), unconfined, karstic, carbonate aquifer within the study area. High annual rainfall and internal drainage create a deep and dynamic interface. Eighty transient soundings were completed in 18 field days. Seventy-one soundings used a square 80 m × 80 m transmitter loop, and the other nine used a 160 m × 160 m coil. The interface was easily detected from a minimum depth of 60 m to its maximum depth of about 140 meters. Also, a high-resistivity, low-porosity zone was detected at depths ranging from 180–250 meters. The TEM data compare well with available chloride concentration data. The TEM interface corresponds to chloride values in excess of 200–400 mg/1. The sounding curves obtained suggest that with presently available instruments the TEM method is not well-suited for shallow soundings (less than 40–50 meters).
Patterns of variance in /s/ during normal and glossectomy speech

The production of speech includes considerable variability in speech gestures despite our perception of very repeatable sounds. Variability is seen in vocal tract shapes and tongue contours when different speakers produce the same sound. This study asks whether internal tongue motion patterns for a specific sound are similar across subjects, or whether they indicate multiple gestures. There are two variants of the sound /s/, which may produce two gestures or may represent a multitude of gestures. The first goal of this paper was to quantify internal tongue differences between these allophones in normal speakers. The second goal was to test how these differences are affected by subjects expected to have different speech gestures: normal controls and subjects who have had tongue cancer surgery. The study used tagged MRI to capture midsagittal tongue motion patterns and principal components analyses to identify patterns of variability that define subject groups and /s/ types. Results showed no motion differe...
Interactive HPC-Enabled LVC S&T Experimentation Environments

As the Army's operational paradigm shifts toward Network-Centric Warfare (NCW), the use of high performance computing assets to aid experimentation in Live, Virtual, and Constructive (LVC) environments has become increasingly valuable. Live test and evaluation of large complex Command, Control, Communications, Computers, Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (C4ISR) Systems-of-Systems (SoS) is becoming impracticable due to cost and component availability. The use of an HPC-enabled LVC science and technology (S&T) environment to aid in stimulating, scaling, and analyzing these technologies is a solution that C4ISR On-The-Move (OTM) leveraged heavily during experiments conducted for Event 2009.
Computer assisted manipulator training

A microcomputer based system was developed to allow static training of a manipulator for executing tasks on a moving conveyor line. Training can be conducted with the conveyor positioned wherever the operator finds most convenient. Training data is automatically projected for execution time. Known delays and synchronization requirements are automatically accounted for. Not all points need to be trained. (For example, only the end points of a straight line are necessary.) Easy path editing is provided. Recalculation of later data points is automatic.
Effects of molecular oxygen on GAC adsorption of energetics

Munitions wastewaters are commonly treated by granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption followed by incineration of the spent carbon. The design of effective GAC unit processes hinges on the knowledge of GAC adsorption capacity for the compounds of interest as well as the types of chemical interactions to expect. GAC can often catalyze polymerization or chemical degradation of the adsorbate in the presence of molecular oxygen. Some adsorbates, though less common, may be subject to catalytic activity even when no molecular oxygen is present. The products of these interactions may enhance or interfere with effective waste treatment. This study individually evaluated the adsorption properties of a variety of energetics compounds. A number of surface catalyzed polymerization and degradation reactions were noted.
Examples and Applications

Three assumptions are necessary for meaningful inference under the mixture model. First, the predictor and criterion variables must be assumed to be bivariate normal so that the distribution of R, g(r) may be reasonably approximated by h(r). Second, the individual validity correlation coefficients must be independent. This key assumption is likely to be violated in some data sets as noted earlier (Section 3.3). A third assumption is that for each n i sample size, there are the same t components in the conditional mixture with the same parameters λ j and ρ j .
A new technique to fabricate high-performance biologically inspired membranes for water treatment

Abstract Aquaporin, a highly selective water channel protein, has received worldwide attention because of its potential to form biomimetic membranes with high flux and rejection for water reuse and desalination. In this study, purified aquaporins were incorporated into the active layer of the polybenzimidazole (PBI) nanofiltration membrane. Aquaporins were dispersed in gum arabic and embedded in amphiphilic polyvinyl alcohol with alkyl side chains (PVA-alkyl). PVA-alkyl embedded with treated aquaporins was then attached to flat sheet PBI membranes using carbodiimide chemistry. PVA-alkyl acted as support for aquaporins to prevent their chemical alteration and also gave the membranes mechanical strength. It was found that membranes modified with PVA-alkyl-AqpZ displayed lower flux declines and higher flux recoveries as compared to unmodified PBI membranes. Higher protein and salt rejections were also observed using PVA-alkyl-AqpZ modified membranes as compared to unmodified PBI membranes.
High-dynamic-range low-noise microwave amplifier

The operation of a high-dynamic-range parametric amplifier is described. The varactor is a GaAs p-n junction with an n type layer suitable for operation as a K band transferred-electron oscillator (t.e.o.). A dynamic range of approximately 177 dB/Hz and a noise figure of less than 2 dB were measured at C band. The tests were made to show the feasibility of high-dynamic-range low-noise microwave amplification for radar-receiver applications, and to establish the feasibility of high-performance monolithic multifunction chips from the material standpoint.
Bovine papilloma virus deoxyribonucleic acid: a novel eucaryotic cloning vector.

Abstract A novel eucaryotic vector derived from the transforming region of bovine papilloma virus was established and demonstrated to be highly effective for introducing foreign genes into animal cells. The foreign deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is replicated and actively transcribed as an episome, and the transcripts are translated into an authentic gene product. We have constructed a DNA hybrid molecule, BPV69T-rI1, containing the transforming region of bovine papilloma virus DNA and the rat preproinsulin gene I (rI1), and used it to transform susceptible mouse cells. DNA hybridization analysis has demonstrated the presence of multiple unintegrated copies of hybrid DNA molecules, with the bovine papilloma virus 1 DNA segment and the rI1 gene covalently linked in selected transformed cell lines. S1 nuclease analysis revealed the presence of a correctly spliced coding segment of the preproinsulin transcript similar or identical in its electrophoretic mobility to that of messenger ribonucleic acid produced in rat insulinoma cells. Significant levels of a protein immunoreactive with anti-insulin serum were detected by radioimmunoassay in the culture medium of transformed cells. Immunoprecipitation analysis in conjunction with competitive binding to bovine proinsulin established the identity of the protein as that of rat proinsulin.
Pediatrics milestones: a developmental approach to the competencies.

n 2009, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) and the American Board of Pediatrics (ABP) partnered to create the Pediatric Milestone Project. One of the goals of this project was to reframe the 6 competencies in the context of the specialty, identifying markers of achievement (ie, milestones) along the path of residency training. They invited Carol Carraccio, MD, to be the project leader, and her first task was to establish an Advisory Board and a Working Group. Advisory Board members were recruited from the parent organizations as well as from the pool of national leaders in medical education, both from within and outside of pediatrics. The selected Working Group, composed of members of the Association of Pediatric Program Directors (APPD), one member of the Medicine Pediatrics Program Directors’ Association, two representatives of the ACGME, and a resident member, was charged with the following tasks: (1) redefine the competencies within the context of pediatrics; (2) set performance standards by level of training for achievement of the milestones; and (3) identify tools that could be embraced by the whole of the pediatric community to assess performance. The purpose of this report is to briefly describe the process used by the Working Group to accomplish the first charge of developing the milestones. We highlight some of the key lessons learned throughout the past year and outline future steps on the path to completion of our charge. We hope that other specialty groups will find this approach useful in their own work toward the ultimate goal of the Milestone Project: the ability to assess achievement of educational/curricular goals and program effectiveness.
Libertarianism and Judicial Deference

Over the last thirty years, libertarian constitutional theory has risen from near-total obscurity to a significant role in debates over constitutional interpretation and judicial review. Libertarian scholars such as Randy Barnett, Richard Epstein, and the late Bernard Siegan have had a major influence on scholarship over a wide range of constitutional issues.1 Ideas developed by libertarians have also had a substantial impact on court decisions in the fields of federalism, property rights, and gun rights, among others.
Nonproportionality of Scintillator Detectors: Theory and Experiment. II

On the basis of nonproportionality data obtained for several scintillators, we have developed a model to describe the carrier dynamics to fit the light yield versus electron energy. The theory of Onsager was adapted to explain how the carriers form excitons or sequentially arrive at the activators to promote the ion to an excited state, and the theory of Birks was employed to allow for exciton-exciton annihilation. We then developed a second model to deduce the degradation in resolution that results from nonproportionality by evoking Landau fluctuations, which are essentially variations in the deposited energy density that occur as the high energy electron travels along its trajectory. In general there is agreement with the data, in terms of fitting the nonproportionality curves and reproducing the literature values of nonproportionality's contribution to the scintillator resolution.
Subsidiary conditions and ghosts in dual resonance models

We investigate the possible subsidiary conditions compatible with the equations of motion of dual-resonance models for the unrealistic choice of $\ensuremath{\alpha}(0)=1$. In the language of four-dimensional harmonic oscillators, we find one subsidiary condition for each mode of oscillation. All time components (in the c.m. system) can therefore be eliminated. We discuss the possibility of relaxing the condition $\ensuremath{\alpha}(0)=1$.
Modelling the nonlinear viscoelastic response of asphalt binders

In a recent article, Narayan et al. [Narayan, S.P.A., et al., 2012b. Nonlinear viscoelastic response of asphalt binders: experimental study of relaxation of torque and normal force in torsion. Mechanics Research Communications, 43, 66–74] recorded both torque and normal force in torsional relaxation experiments on asphalt binders. The data are three-dimensional and thus, require interpretation using three-dimensional constitutive relations. In this article, we develop such a three-dimensional nonlinear viscoelastic model for asphalt binder. The predictions of the model fit the experimental data reasonably well. While there are already some three-dimensional constitutive relations available in the literature for asphalt binders which can describe the normal forces that are developed during torsion, they do not capture the relaxation behaviour presented by Narayan et al. (2012b). This new model, however, captures most of the key features of the experimental data including the development of normal forces in...
A Comparison of the Performance of Normal, Learning Disabled, and Educable Mentally Retarded Children on Cattell's Ability Constructs

The purpose of this investigation was to explore the use of Cattell's ability traits (fluid and crystallized intelligence, visualization, and fluency) as difference characteristics of the learning disabilities category. Previous research and conceptual differences among the learning disabled, normal, and educable mentally retarded populations suggested that learning disabled children would perform better than educable mentally retarded children but not as well as normal children on measures of the traits. Fifteen subjects between the ages of 7 years and 8 years 6 months from each category were administered measures of the traits. An analysis of the scores indicated significant differences between learning disabled and normal children and between learning disabled and educable mentally retarded children on the visualization and fluency measures. Significant differences between the groups were also found on the crystallized intelligence measure but not in fluid intelligence. The results suggest that the cry...
Susceptibility of penicillin-susceptible and -resistant pneumococci to dirithromycin compared with susceptibilities to erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, roxithromycin, and clindamycin

Agar dilution with incubation in air and CO2 was used to determine the MICs of erythromycin, dirithromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, roxithromycin, and clindamycin for 79 penicillin-susceptible, 72 penicillin-intermediate, and 74 penicillin-resistant pneumococci (158 erythromycin-susceptible and 67 erythromycin-resistant pneumococci). MICs obtained in air were usually 1 to 3 dilutions lower than those obtained in CO2. In air, the respective MICs at which 50% (MIC50s) and 90% (MIC90s) of penicillin-susceptible, -intermediate, and -resistant strains are inhibited were as follows: erythromycin, 0.016 and 0.5, 0.03 and > 64, and 2 and > 64 microg/ml; dirithromycin, 0.03 and 0.5, 0.06 and > 64, and 8 and > 64 microg/ml; azithromycin, 0.03 and 0.5, 0.06 and > 64, and 2 and > 64 microg/ml; clarithromycin, 0.016 and 0.06, 0.03 and > 64, and 2 and > 64 microg/ml; roxithromycin, 0.06 and 2, 0.06 and > 64, and 2 and > 64 microg/ml; and clindamycin, 0.03 and 0.06, 0.06 and > 64, and 0.06 and > 64 microg/ml. The MICs of erythromycin, azithromycin, and dirithromycin were very similar; however, clarithromycin MICs were generally 1 to 2 dilutions lower and roxithromycin MICs were 1 to 2 dilutions higher than those of the other compounds tested. Strains resistant to one macrolide were resistant to all macrolides; however, not all macrolide-resistant strains were resistant to clindamycin, and 32 macrolide-resistant (MICs, > or = 28 microg/ml), clindamycin-susceptible (MICs, < or = 0.25 microg/ml) strains were encountered. Time-kill testing of six strains showed similar killing kinetics for all compounds, with 99.9% killing of all strains observed with the compounds only at or above the MIC after 24 h.
Targeted Mutagenesis in Mammalian Cells Mediated by Intracellular Triple Helix Formation

As an alternative to standard gene transfer techniques for genetic manipulation, we have investigated the use of triple helix-forming oligonucleotides to target mutations to selected genes within mammalian cells. By treating monkey COS cells with oligonucleotides linked to psoralen, we have generated targeted mutations in a simian virus 40 (SV40) vector contained within the cells via intracellular triple helix formation. Oligonucleotide entry into the cells and sequence-specific triplex formation within the SV40 DNA deliver the psoralen to the targeted site. Photoactivation of the psoralen by long-wavelength UV light yields adducts and thereby mutations at that site. We engineered into the SV40 vector novel supF mutation reporter genes containing modified polypurine sites amenable to triplex formation. By comparing the abilities of a series of oligonucleotides to target these new sites, we show that targeted mutagenesis in vivo depends on the strength and specificity of the third-strand binding. Oligonucleotides with weak target site binding affinity or with only partial target site homology were ineffective at inducing mutations in the SV40 vectors within the COS cells. We also show that the targeted mutagenesis is dependent on the oligonucleotide concentration and is influenced by the timing of the oligonucleotide treatment and of the UV irradiation of the cells. Frequencies of intracellular targeted mutagenesis in the range of 1 to 2% were observed, depending upon the conditions of the experiment. DNA sequence analysis revealed that most of the mutations were T.A-to-A.T transversions precisely at the targeted psoralen intercalation site. Several deletions encompassing that site were also seen. The ability to target mutations to selected sites within mammalian cells by using modified triplex-forming oligonucleotides may provide a new research tool and may eventually lead to therapeutic applications.
In vivo labeling of zebrafish motor neurons using an mnx1 enhancer and Gal4/UAS

The zebrafish spinal cord primary motor neurons are commonly used as an experimental model to study the molecular mechanisms that regulate axonal pathfinding and neuromuscular junction formation, and for the modeling of human neurodegenerative disorders. This study characterized a 125-bp mnx1 enhancer to direct gene expression in spinal cord motor neurons. A promoter containing three copies of the 125-bp mnx1 enhancer was generated in a Tol2 vector and used to drive enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) expression either directly or in combination with the Gal4/UAS transcriptional activation system. Both methods induced protein expression for up to 5 days after fertilization, allowing the observation of the dendritic tree and axonal arborization of single motor neurons within a somitic segment in fixed and live animals. The use of the 125-bp mnx1 promoter for transient transgenic expression or for the generation of stable transgenic fish lines will facilitate the study of motor neuron development and neurodegenerative processes.
Comparative Study of State Tax Effort and the Role of Federal Government Policy in Shaping Revenue Relience Patterns

The findings of a study raise many concerns regarding state and federal funding strategies and fiscal inequalities that exist in higher education in the United States.
An empirical study of the performance of active self-assembly

Several approaches have been proposed recently for building shapes with swarms of self-assembling robots. However, there is a dearth of information about the performance of each approach, and how to compare them. This paper considers the active self-assembly scheme introduced by Arbuckle and Requicha, and investigates its performance through extensive simulations. The difficulties encountered in the evaluation of self-assembly schemes are discussed. Empirical simulation data are presented that show that the time for completion of the boundary of a polygon by the active self-assembly scheme is approximately linear in the size of the polygon, for the range of parameters investigated.
Evaluation of Acetolactate Synthase-inhibiting Herbicides for Weed Control in Transplanted Bell Pepper

Field and greenhouse studies were conducted in 2001 and 2002 near Painter, VA, to determine the level of weed control and pepper (Capsicum annuum) tolerance to postemergence applications of the acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors trifloxysulfuron, halosulfuron, sulfosulfuron, cloransulam, and tribenuron. Based on measurements of visual injury, heights, dry weights, and chlorophyll content of pepper, the safest ALS inhibitor to pepper was trifloxysulfuron followed by halosulfuron, cloransulam, sulfosulfuron, and tribenuron. In addition, trifloxysulfuron was the only herbicide that provided greater than 86% control of pigweed species (Amaranthus spp.) and carpetweed (Mollugo verticillata) in both years of the field study. Trifloxysulfuron was also the only herbicide evaluated that did not reduce pepper yield compared with the control in both years of the field study.
Fixed lingual retainers prevent relapse of lower incisor alignment.

Article Title and Bibliographic Information Effectiveness of lingual retainers bonded to the canines in preventing mandibular incisor relapse. Renkema AM, Al-Assad S, et al. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2008;134(2):179e1-8. Reviewer Katherine Vig, BDS, MS, FDS, Dorth Purpose/Question Will a bonded retainer to the mandibular canines prevent relapse of orthodontically aligned lower incisors? Source of Funding Information not available Type of Study/Design Retrospective consecutive case series Level of Evidence Level 2: Limited-quality, patient-oriented evidence Strength of Recommendation Grade Not applicable
Goal Discrepancy in African American Male Student-Athletes' Unrealistic Expectations for Careers in Professional Sports

The present study investigated whether African American male college student-athletes unrealistically focus their career goals on professional athletics to the detriment of their academic pursuits....
The question of transannular bonding in cyclobutanone, boretane and the cyclobutyl cation

Abstract The EHT quantum mechanical method has been applied to cyclobutanone, boretane, and the cyclobutyl cation. Calculations have been made for all of these molecules in various deformed states to permit assignment of the most stable structures. The EHT method successfully predicts the correct structural parameters and properties of cyclobutanone . By analogy, the computed properties of cyclobutyl cation and boretane monomer are assumed to be very reasonable.
Adaptation of Classical Processes to New Technical Developments and Quality Requirements

: Food safety, minimal food processing, energy savings, and nutritional and sensory quality are key drivers in today's food industry. While achieving these objectives, classical approaches to processing food are evolving to meet consumer expectations and regulatory requirements. Food equipment manufacturers are constantly trying to adapt classical technologies to their equipment, and it is amazing to see how old principles and techniques have evolved to meet new expectations in ways never imagined before. This article reviews the recent developments in classic unit operations in food processing, specifically, dehydration, freezing, and canning. Special attention is given to overall capacities, food quality, and economic aspects. Also included in this article are unit operations that have been technologically revisited to come up with truly creative ways to process foods in the future.
THE ROLE OF HEAT EXCHANGER FOULING IN THE FORMATION OF SEDIMENT IN ASEPTICALLY PROCESSED AND PACKAGED MILK1

Sedimentation rates in stored aseptically processed and packaged lowfat milk were related to the initial thermal treatment of the product. Total thermal treatments were reduced over time due to heat exchanger fouling. Product input and discharge temperatures for the heating section were maintained constant while steam temperature increased as deposits formed. Processing conditions included product entrance temperature of 363.9 and 366.7 K for heater exit temperature of 410.7 and product velocity of 2.70 m/s; 364.6 for 410.7 and 3.25; 378.5 for 427.4 and 3.25 m/s. A model for sedimentation rate was determined for equivalent times and temperatures representing the total thermal treatment at any time of processing. The significance of the amount of the total thermal treatment subject to fouling was discussed in relation to sedimentation rates.
Innovation and Competitive Advantage in Small Businesses: Effects of Environments and Business Strategy

Small businesses continually attempt to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage over competitors. One possible source of competitive advantage may he through either product or process innovations. However, such innovations can be risky, with no guarantee of success. The success of an innovation may depend on both a firm 's business strategy and the environment in which it operates. This paper provides a framework for evaluating the possible effects of environment and business strategy on the success of product and process innovations.
Introducing the Pathways Model

The demographics and etiologies of illness have changed in the past ­century. The most common causes of mortality and morbidity today are diseases of lifestyle, behavior, and adaptation; stress-related conditions; chronic illnesses and impairments; and complex biopsychosocial conditions. No illness is purely physical or emotional, but rather illness emerges from heredity and personality, through choices in consumption and activity, forged by life stress and environment. The Pathways Model introduces a stepwise program for improving well behaviors, addressing body, mind, and spirit through Level One changes in everyday health behaviors, Level Two self-regulation skills, and Level Three professional complementary and integrated interventions. The aim of this model is to educate health-care professionals to recognize the signposts on the path to illness so that the consumer can be assisted in reestablishing normal rhythms and modifying maladaptive behaviors, to assist ill individuals to identify the factors that have contributed to the onset and escalation of the disease, and to discover new choices and well behaviors to enable the recovery of health.
Digital Compared with Screen-Film Mammography: Measures of Diagnostic Accuracy among Women Screened in the Ontario Breast Screening Program--Evidence that Direct Radiography Is Superior to Computed Radiography for Cancer Detection.

Despite differences in screening performance between the Canadian and U.S. cohorts, given the differences in physical characteristics of the computed radiography (CR) and direct radiography (DR) systems, it is this writer’s judgment that the comparisons between CR and DR are highly likely to be reproducible in a U.S. patient cohort screened at yearly intervals.
Atypical small acinar proliferation (ASAP): Is a repeat biopsy necessary ASAP? A multi-institutional review

Atypical small acinar proliferation (ASAP) occurs in approximately 5% of prostate biopsies. Approximately 30–40% of patients with ASAP may develop prostate cancer (PCa) within a 5-year period. Current guidelines recommend a repeat biopsy within 3–6 months after the initial diagnosis. Our objective was to examine the association between ASAP and subsequent diagnosis of high-grade PCa and to evaluate the need for immediate repeat biopsy. A retrospective multi-institutional review identified 264 patients who underwent prostate biopsy from 2000 to 2013 (Brown), 2008 to 2013 (University of Massachusetts) and 1994 to 2005 (Mayo) and were diagnosed with ASAP. Patients underwent transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsies for elevated PSA and/or abnormal digital rectal exam. Clinicopathologic features were assessed, including rates of subsequent PCa detection of any high-grade (Gleason 7–10) PCa. Comparison was made between those with subsequent PCa on repeat biopsy and those with benign repeat pathology. All 264 patients included underwent repeat biopsy with a median follow-up of 5.4 years (interquartile range: 4.6, 6.7). Of these patients, 89 (34%) were subsequently diagnosed with PCa including 21 (8%) with high-grade PCa. Pre-biopsy PSA was higher among patients subsequently diagnosed with (6.7 vs 5.8, P<0.001). Of those diagnosed with subsequent PCa, 69/89 (78%) had less than or equal to Gleason 3+3 disease and only 15/89 (17%) had Gleason 7 and 6/89 (6%) revealed Gleason ⩾8–10. Radical prostatectomy was performed on 36/89 (40%) patients. Surgical pathology revealed 11 patients ⩾Gleason 8–10 PCa. Although 34% of patients with an initial diagnosis of ASAP who had repeat biopsy were subsequently diagnosed with PCa only, only 22% (8% of the total cohort) were found to have high-grade disease. Higher PSA was associated with increased risk of identifying PCa on repeat biopsy. These findings suggest that immediate repeat biopsy may be omitted in the majority of men with ASAP.
Enhanced Fe2O3 Reducibility via Surface Modification with Pd: Characterizing the Synergy within Pd/Fe Catalysts for Hydrodeoxygenation Reactions

The synergistic catalysis in the hydrodeoxygenation of phenolic compounds over a Pd/Fe bimetallic surface has been well established. However, the nature of this synergy is still in part a mystery. In this work, we used a combined experimental and theoretical approach to understand a potential function of the surface Pd in the reduction of Pd/Fe2O3. This function of Pd was investigated via the comparison of the reduction properties as well as other physicochemical properties of samples synthesized by the reduction of Fe2O3 nanoparticles with and without surface Pd. Temperature-programmed reduction studies demonstrated the remarkable facilitation of reduction by addition of Pd, evidenced by a 150 °C shift toward lower temperature of the reduction peak of Fe3+. From X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and theoretical calculation results, the interaction between Pd and the Fe2O3 surface occurs through the exchange of electrons with both the surface Fe and O atoms. This bonding between the Pd and surface oxide el...
Interdiffusion and Stability of Compositionally Modulated Films

The thermodynamics and kinetics governing the stability of compositionally modulated materials are reviewed. Typical results of interdiffusion experiments on fcc and amorphous metals are discussed to demonstrate the sensitivity and special features of the technique. Two coarsening mechanisms, and the stability of orthogonal waves in phase separating systems are analyzed.
INHIBITION OF FEMALE DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER REMATING BY A SEMINAL FLUID PROTEIN (ESTERASE 6).

Recent experiments have indicated that EST 6 transferred to D. melanogaster females during copulation mediates a large decrease in their attractiveness within the first six hours after mating. This decrease in attractiveness could increase the male's fitness if it were associated with less frequent remating by their mates, because a large proportion of the first male's sperm is lost if a female remates within one day. Here, I confirm a strong EST 6 influence on the receptivity of mated females; females with EST 6+ first mates remate significantly less frequently between 6 and 18 hours after mating than females that have not received EST 6 in the ejaculate. However, the previously observed effect of EST 6 on the attractiveness of mated females could not be substantiated. Transfer of EST 6 did not lead to a significant difference in attractiveness between EST 6°-and EST 6+ -mated females at any time within the first 10 hours after mating for females from either of two strains.
Abstract P6-04-04: Hypoxia Is Associated with Somatic Loss of BRCA1 Protein and Pathway Activity in Triple Negative Breast Cancer

Background: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) has loss of BRCA1 activity either through germline mutation, epigenetic modification or negative transcriptional regulators. Yale investigators have demonstrated that tumor hypoxia leads to loss of critical DNA repair activities, including BRCA1, RAD-51 and γ-H2AX (Bindra RS, et al. Cancer Res 2005;65(24): 11597-604). This study was designed to explore the relationship of BRCA1 loss and hypoxia using Carbonic Anhydrase IX (CA-IX), a downstream target of hypoxia-induced factor 1a (HIF-1a), an accepted surrogate biomarker for tumor hypoxia, in TNBC. Methods: Two cohorts of breast tumors from Yale archival materials were studied. The first consisted of 660, unselected breast tumors, the second a cohort of 130 TNBC, both with long term clinical followup. Automated Quantitative Analysis (AQUA) was used to detect the intensity of BRCA1 and CAIX within specific subcellular compartments. CA-IX antibody M75 was provided by the J Zavada lab (1:10000), BRCA1 monoclonal antibody M110 (Ab-1) was purchased from Calbiochem (1:1000). The 130 TNBC cohort was also subjected to whole genome expression analysis. In brief, tissue core biopsies from tumor blocks were subjected to nucleic acid extraction using RecoverAll Total Nucleic Acid Isolation kit (Applied Biosystems) and 600ng total RNA were processed by the Keck Microarray Facility for the Illumina DASL platform. Statistical analysis of gene expression data was carried out in Bioconductor/R software. A set of relevant signatures was selected by enrichment analysis of modules identified by principal component analysis. Signature scores were computed as Pearson correlation between the signature vector of gene contributions and each sample9s expression profile for these genes. Results: In the cohort of 660 specimens, 22 were found to have high CA-IX expression score (above cut-off value of 10). Cut-off was based on known positive cell lines and corresponding AQUA scores, as well as visual confirmation of positivity. A negative correlation (Rho=-0.6, p=0.0165) of BRCA1 nuclear protein with CA-IX level was found and this data was reproducible on a duplicate array. Of note, 14 out of 22 hypoxic breast tumors were from triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) (p=0.0034). In the triple negative cohort, CAIX staining was positive in 20 % of cases (n=15/75) and in these samples it was associated with the 2002 van ‘t Veer BRCA1 mutant signature (Rho=0.51). Positive CAIX staining was also associated with worse outcome (p=0.046) as was CAIX mRNA expression (p=0.02). Conclusions: In human breast tumors BRCA1 nuclear expression is negatively correlated with tumor hypoxia, measured by CAIX. A subset of TNBC has higher levels of hypoxia and BRCA1 signatures. This data suggests that CAIX may be a useful biomarker for BRCA1 loss, and possibly for response to PARP inhibitor therapy. This will be evaluated in our recently completed trial of BSI-201+Irinotecan. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-04-04.
Marketing dairy practice.

Marketing veterinary medicine must be a part of every veterinarian’s practice. The goals for marketing are more than just economic returns for both practitioner and client; there must be self-satisfaction for both parties as well. Personal development and technical improvement must be constant and ongoing for every veterinarian launching a marketing program. A veterinarian’s behavior is a mirror that reflects his image.
Study on Power Transmission Capability of 1 000 kV Ultra High Voltage Transmission System

In this paper a power transmission model for 1 000 kV ultra high voltage transmission system is built, and on this basis various factors influencing power transmission capability of 1 000 kV ultra high voltage transmission system are analyzed, and the technology for long distance power transmission capability that is limited by steady state stability of transmission system is researched. Through the cases the power transmission capabilities under different distances are discussed. Research results show that by use of advanced and proven technologies the 1 000 kV power transmission system possesses the transmission capability of surging impendant load and above under transmission distance of 1 500 km and above.
Effect of different kinds of fat emulsion on blood lipid and arterial blood gas in critically ill preterm infants

Objective: To observe the effect of different kinds of fat emulsion on blood lipid and arterial blood gas analysis in critically ill preterm infants. Methods: 30 cases of preterm neonates were randomly divided into 3 groups, separately receivingno fat emulsion (control group), 20% Intralipid ( LCT, 2.0g/kg·d -1 ) or 20% Lipofundin (MCT/LCT, 2.0g/kg·d -1 ) for five days. Blood lipid determination and arterial blood gas analysis were made before and after the observation period. Results: No significant changes in blood lipid and arterial blood gas analysis were found before and after the observationin every group or between groups. Conclusion: The use of different kinds of fat emulsion at the dose of 2.0 g/(kg·d) does not affect the blood lipid and arterial blood gas in critically ill preterm infants.
Design of S-Shape Curve Acceleration and Deceleration Algorithm of De-Icing Robot for Transmission Line

To improve the working efficiency of de-icing robot for transmission line and save energy,a method to apply the S-shape curve in the motion trajectory planning of de-icing robot is proposed.In the proposed method,the advantages of S-shape curve are fully utilized and traditional complex S-shape curve algorithm is improved,and corresponding mathematical description of the algorithm,in which four backward acceleration and deceleration stages and two forward acceleration stages are adopted,is given.Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is available for the de-icing work of transmission line.
The effects of non-pharmacological interventions on the postoperative pain in school-aged children with appendectomy

Objective To evaluate the effects of non-pharmacological interventions on the postoperative pain in school-aged children with appendectomy.Methods Eighty school-aged children with appendectomy were randomly divided into two groups.Various non-pharmacological pain management measures were provided for the children in the experimental group pre-operatively and at 0-8 h,8-16 h,16-24h,16-32h postoperatively.The intensity of postoperative pain was assessed by Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) and FLACC Scale.Results There was no significant difference between the two groups at the first postoperative 8 hours(P0.05) ,while the children's pain in the experimental group was significantly lower than that of control group at 8-32h postoperatively(P0.05) .Conclusion Appropriate non-pharmacological nursing interventions can effectively reduce postoperative pain in school-aged children with appendectomy.
A survey on the pathogen biological control over schistosomiasis and experimental infection in Oncomelania hupensis at Muping lake region of Hunan province

Oncomelania hupensis is the intermediate host of Schistsoma japonica in certain endemic area of southern Asia and exorchis trematode of fish Parasilurus asotus as well as other species trematode of vertebrates.Although one species of snail can serve as the intermediate host of several species of trematodes in one endemic area,however,each snail usually harbors only one speies of larval trematode.Based on this fact,a survey on the pathogen biological control over schisotosomiasis and experiment on infection in Oncomelania hupensis were made in the endenmic area at Muping lake region of Hunan province.From 2911 O.hupensis collected and examined five species of larval trematodes,including those of S.japonica,(0,275%,8/2911),Exorchis(3.298%,96/2911),Plajorchis(0.928%,27/1911),Asymphylora(2.302T%,67/1911) and Notocotylus(2.954%,86/1911),were found.The rate of infection in snails of the most valuable exorchis in the biological control over schistosomiasis was 3.298%,while that of P.asotus was 99,31%(434/437).Meanwhile,the average intensity of infection for each P.asotus was 115.4 per fish.In the histological sections of O.hupensis experimentally infected with Exorchis eggs and then infected with miracidia of S.japonicum,all the intra-molluscan larvae of S.japonicum were damaged without further development.The abnormal mother sporocysts contained some abnormal germ balls with no daughter sporocyst formation.
Nonstationary, axisymmetric black-hole magnetospheres: Theories and applications

There is now abundant evidence in favor of black holes (BHs) as the central engines in many different types of astrophysical systems: active galactic nuclei (AGNs), X-ray binaries (XRBs), microquasars, and possibly gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). The history and status of analytic theories for BH plasma magnetospheres are reviewed, and new results are presented for a nonstationary version of the 1982 Macdonald & Thorne theory. A physical picture describing these new results is presented, and some of their possible applications to future work suggested.
Birth order and memories of traumatic and family experiences in Greek patients with borderline personality disorder versus patients with other personality disorders

The purpose of this study was to assess the possible effect of recalled traumatic experiences, perceived parental rearing styles, and family parameters on the occurrence of borderline personality disorder (BPD) versus other personality disorders (other-PDs). A total of 88 adult outpatients with personality disorders completed the Traumatic Antecedents Questionnaire and the Egna Minnen av Barndoms Uppfostran, which measures perceptions regarding parental rearing. Results indicated that incidence of traumatic childhood experiences was higher among those in the BPD group compared to those in the other-PD group. Firstborns were less likely to carry a diagnosis of BPD over other-PDs. Also, significantly more BPD compared to other-PD patients reported being the father's favorite child over siblings. Results suggest that traumatic experiences, birth order, and family interactions in the presence of siblings seem to differentially affect the formation of borderline diagnosis compared to other-PDs. Limitations and...
The effect of climate change on skin disease in North America

Global temperatures continue to rise, reaching new records almost every year this decade. Although the causes are debated, climate change is a reality. Consequences of climate change include melting of the arctic ice cap, rising of sea levels, changes in precipitation patterns, and increased severe weather events. This article updates dermatologists about the effects of climate change on the epidemiology and geographic ranges of selected skin diseases in North America. Although globalization, travel, and trade are also important to changing disease and vector patterns, climate change creates favorable habitats and expanded access to immunologically naive hosts. Endemic North American illnesses such as Lyme disease, leishmaniasis, and dimorphic fungal infections have recently expanded the geographic areas of risk. As temperatures increase, epidemic viral diseases such as hand-foot-and-mouth disease may develop transmission seasons that are longer and more intense. Chikungunya and dengue are now reported within the southern United States, with Zika on the horizon. Cutaneous injuries from aquatic and marine organisms that have expanding habitats and longer durations of peak activity include jellyfish envenomation, cercarial dermatitis, and seabather eruption, among others. Skin cancer rates may also be affected indirectly by changes in temperature and associated behaviors.
Scalable non-blocking preconditioned conjugate gradient methods

The preconditioned conjugate gradient method (PCG) is a popular method for solving linear systems at scale. PCG requires frequent blocking allreduce collective operations that can limit performance at scale. We investigate PCG variations designed to reduce communication costs by decreasing the number of allreduces and by overlapping communication with computation using a non-blocking allreduce. These variations include two methods we have developed, non-blocking PCG and 2-step pipelined PCG, and pipelined PCG from Ghysels and Vanroose. Performance modeling for communication and computation costs shows the expected performance of these methods. Weak and strong scaling experiments on up to 128k cores show that scalable PCG methods can outperform standard PCG at scale. We observe that the fastest method varies depending on the work per core, suggesting we need a suite of scalable solvers to obtain the best performance. Experiments with multiple preconditioners and linear systems show the robustness of these methods.
Environmental Engineering Within the Automotive Component Development Process

This paper discusses a test engineering philosophy and the development of knowledge-based tests for automotive components. To ensure success in the product delivery process, accurate measures of total product quality comprised of quality, reliability, durability, performance (QRDP) must be provided to the product development team. Accuracy in environmental testing for automotive components involves the integration of customer-usage, geographic, and application data into the test specifications. Discussion of the inputs required for knowledge-based tests are provided for the automotive vibration, thermal, corrosion, and dust environments.