cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 1354: Whole transcriptome analysis of primary and metastatic osteosarcoma in the canine model

Canine osteosarcoma is an excellent model of the human disease. Understanding the molecular events leading to metastatic disease is foundational for developing effective treatments. The objective of this study was to characterize single nucleotide variations (SNVs) acquired during metastasis. Primary and metastatic tumor samples were obtained from a dog with spontaneously occurring osteosarcoma, treated with surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy. Tumor total RNA was isolated and processed using standard techniques. Created libraries were used for paired-end sequencing (2 lanes of 2x80 per sample), in the Illumina Platform. Alignments to canFam2 reference sequence were performed using the TopHat splice aligner and quantified expression levels for all canFam2 ENSEMBL gene models using CuffLinks with GC-correction and upper-quartile normalization. After SNV discovery via custom pipeline, quantification of their abundance was performed by Benjamini-Hochberg corrected Fisher exact tests, on SNVs read counts. Thesequence data were visualized using Integrated Genome Viewer, while Polyphen2 was used to assess the potential impact of SNVs in protein function. Tumor samples from a 6-year-old neutered male Golden Retriever, diagnosed with spontaneously-occurringosteosarcoma, treated with surgery and adjuvant cheemotherapy were used. Lung metastases were confirmed to be metastatic osteosarcoma. Tumor RNA of adequate quantity and quality was isolated from primary and metastatic lesions. Seventy-four and 89 million pair-end reads were generated from the primary and the metastatic site, respectively. There were 13,292 heterologous and 19,780 homologous SNVs identified in the primary tumor, while 48,453 heterologous and 72,737 homologous SNVs identified in the metastatic tumor. At 20% false discovery rate, we identified 190 SNVs with increased abundance in the metastatic site compared to the primary site. The majority of these SNVs (>95%) were nearly or fully homozygous in the metastatic sample and either heterozygous or low abundance in the primary tumor sample. These results suggest frequent and potentially convergent loss-of-heterozygosity in the metastasis compared to the primary. More specifically, a missense SNV with high probability of affecting protein function was identified in p53, only in the metastatic sample. A putativealternative splicing event was identified in BRCA1, skipping exons 4, 5, and 6. A missense SNV was identified in BRCA2, with 1/9 reads having a T>C change in the primary tumor, but 25/25 reads having the same variant in the metastatic site (adjusted p Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1354. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1354
Feedback regulation of pancreatic enzyme secretion as a mechanism for trypsin inhibitor-induced hypersecretion in rats.

SummaryThe mechanism by which dietary trypsin inhibitor induces excessive pancreatic secretion was investigated in rats with bile-pancreatic duct fistulas. It was found that removal of bile-pancreatic juice from the intestine resulted in a large increase in pancreatic enzyme secretion. Infusion of trypsin or chymotrypsin as well as bile-pancreatic juice suppressed the secretion of pancreatic enzymes. When trypsin was present in the intestine, a large pancreatic enzyme response was obtained by infusion of trypsin inhibitors. A similar increase in pancreatic enzyme output was evoked when trypsin infusion was stopped. The results indicated that pancreatic enzyme secretion in the rat is subject to feedback inhibition from intestinal trypsin and chymotrypsin, and that trypsin inhibitors stimulate pancreatic enzyme secretion indirectly, by binding or neutralizing trypsin and thereby removing its feedback inhibition.The authors express their thanks to Miss Chris Giotas for her technical assistance.
Cellulase from the Slug, Limax flavus Linnaeus

Seilliere1 and Billard2 and others demonstrated the presence of cellulase in Helix pomatia by estimating the amount of glucose produced after action of the cellulase upon suitable substrates. Boynton and Miller3 showed saccharification of wood by extracts from the ship-worm, Bankia setacea. Trager4 found a cellulase from symbiotic intestinal flagellates of termites. He estimated the amount of glucose produced, both qualitatively (by means of Benedict's reagent) and quantitatively, after action of the enzyme upon filter paper which was dissolved and precipitated.We also made use of the fact that reducing substances (carbohydrates) were produced, as proof for the presence of slug cellulase. Two substrates were employed: (1) A finely divided suspension of cellulose was prepared by dissolving 1 gm. of Whatman's No. 40 filter paper in 100 cc. of Cross and Bevan's ZnCl2-HCl reagent. This solution was filtered by suction through cotton and poured into about 800 cc. of distilled water. The resulting precipitate w...
Self-expression and Its Function

Self-expression study is the most important area about self-study in psychology.Psychologists found that the behavior of expressing personal information have significant psychological meaning.Self-expression is the necessary link in individual growing and self-realizing.It is the effective way in personal impressive management and in facing pressure.It is also the good way in psychological treatment.
Numerical Modeling of Miscible Viscous Fingering Instabilities by High-Order Methods

In this paper, a high-order method is used to simulate the viscous fingering fluid instability during the miscible displacement process in porous media, on structured and unstructured grids. The numerical model incorporates decoupling in time, discontinuous Galerkin method of high order, flux reconstruction and parallel implicit solvers to produce an accurate and efficient predictive tool for finger growth. This paper shows that the proposed numerical approach is a competitive method to simulate several viscous fingering problems, such as rectilinear flow, density-driven flow and radial flow. The numerical model does not suffer from grid orientation, and accurately measures finger growth rate. Convergence of the fingering pattern is obtained under mesh refinement and increased polynomial degree.
IL-1 receptor antagonist attenuates sepsis-induced alterations in the IGF system and protein synthesis

The purpose of the present investigation was to determine whether endogenously produced interleukin (IL)-1 mediates the changes in insulin-like growth factor (IGF) I and IGF binding proteins (IGFBP) induced by chronic abdominal sepsis in rats and to correlate the changes in the IGF system with the alternations in protein synthesis. A constant infusion of IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) was begun after the induction of sepsis and was continued for 5 days. Sepsis decreased IGF-I levels in the blood, liver, and gastrocnemius muscle, increased the content in the kidney, and did not alter IGF-I levels in heart, jejunum, and spleen. IL-1ra attenuated the sepsis-induced decrease in plasma IGF-I and completely prevented the changes in IGF-I observed in liver, kidney, and the gastrocnemius. IGFBP-1 was increased in the blood, liver, and muscle of septic rats. IL-1ra prevented this increase in IGFBP-1 in blood and liver but not in muscle. The rate of in vivo protein synthesis was decreased in the gastrocnemius and kidney and unaltered in the heart, liver, jejunum, and spleen. A strong linear correlation existed between levels of IGF-I and the rate of protein synthesis determined simultaneously in the gastrocnemius. These results provide evidence for the role of IL-1 as an endogenous mediator of the sepsis-induced changes in IGF-I and IGFBP-1 and suggest that the accompanying changes in muscle protein synthesis are partially mediated via changes in IGF-I.
Synergy, Neuroanatomy, Hemispheres

If there was some such dialectic of cultural and biological factors in the evolution of human language (one that is still ontogenetically recapitulated), the latter factors involved a synergy accounting for Bronowski’s ‘biological frame’ for language. It is certain that human language was made possible biologically not by any single genetic mutation but by a complex of mutations phenotypically realized and selected for over a (relatively) brief period. Together comprising a threshold event, they gave rise to the neuroanatomy of language and tuned the grosser structures of acoustic communication. The oral and aural structures, delicate and impressive as they are, are fairly obvious in their workings, and recent speech-synthesis programs demonstrate that the electronic production of speech, complete with a wide range of nuances, will soon be possible (though speech-recognition programs remain problematic — this situation contrasts with that of simulation programs that deal with semantically conditioned syntax, for there recognition presents fewer problems than production). The engaging subject is thus the neuroanatomy.
The Influence of PET/Gallium (PET/Gal) Status and High-Dose Rituximab (HDR) in Patients with Aggressive, Large, B-Cell Lymphoma (LBCL) Receiving Autologous Stem Cell Transplants (ASCT).

Abstract Background: PET/Gal status has been reported to be an important predictor of outcome in patients with LBCL who receive an ASCT. Newer conditioning regimens which include high-dose rituximab (HDR) have been shown to improve results (Khouri, JCO, 2005). The impact of HDR on the outcome of patients based on PET/Gal status has not been determined. Methods: A retrospective review of patients with chemo-sensitive, LBCL who received an ASCT on a research protocol at MD Anderson between 1995 and 2005 was performed. Factors that were considered for outcome included: Age, IPI, # of prior chemotherapies, B2-microglobulin, disease status at transplant, HDR and PET/Gal status. In patients who received HDR, it was given with stem cell mobilization and then again on days +1 and +8 following transplant. Results: A total of 188 patients were identified. Median age was 49 years with 108 (57%) male patients. 147 patients (78%) had de novo LBCL and 41 (22%) had a LBCL of follicular origin (LBCL-F). 83 (39%) patients received HDR. At transplantation, 95 patients (50%) were in PR, 71 (38%) in CRU and 22 (12%) in CR. 142 (76%) patients were PET/Gal negative, 37 (20%) PET/Gal positive and 9 (4%) were unknown. Median follow-up was 47 months. On multivariate analysis, for patients with de novo LBCL, PET/Gal status and HDR were the only predictors for progression and progression free survival (PFS). Patients who were PET/Gal negative and those that received HDR had a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.3 (p Conclusions: The two most important predictors of outcome following ASCT are PET/Gal status and whether HDR was given with the transplant regimen. The addition of HDR to the transplant regimen decreases the risk for progression irrespective of PET/Gal status; however the improvement is more significant in patients with a negative PET/Gal scan. C.I. for progression and PFS at 54 months for de novo DLBCL PET/Gal Status HDR CI of Progression (%) Progression Free Survival Positive No 83 17 Positive Yes 54 45 Negative No 35 55 Negative Yes 22 75
Power network topology control for mitigating the effects of geomagnetically induced currents

Solar storms can induce quasi-dc geomagnetically induced current (GIC) flows in power grids, which could potentially lead to transformer damage and system stability and reliability issues. We consider the problem of designing operational GIC mitigation strategies by switching transmission lines. This topology control approach could relieve the power network from temporarily high level of GIC flows, without significantly affecting the security of grid operations. We will cast the problem as a mixed-integer linear program, and develop computationally tractable solutions using linear sensitivity analysis to select candidate lines to change status while maintaining system connectivity. The effectiveness of the proposed method has been demonstrated using a 20-bus GIC test case.
Optimized calibration methodology of VIIRS day-night band low-gain stage using a solar diffuser

An enhanced methodology of the standard on-orbit calibration of the day-night band (DNB) of the visible infrared imaging radiometer suite on board the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership satellite is presented, specifically for the low-gain stage. The range of the "sweet spot" for the fully illuminated scans in the calibration events is expanded from 4° to 7.8° in order to increase the number of fully illuminated scans to 72, which then permits a complete calibration of the DNB to be carried out within one orbit for all 36 aggregated modes and the two mirror sides. This improves over the current operational methodology, which is with a more restricted range for the sweet spot that requires multiple orbits to complete a calibration. The expansion necessarily requires the expansion of a key calibration input, the product of the bidirectional reflectance factor of the solar diffuser (SD) with the vignetting function describing the transmission of the attenuation screen in front of the SD port, or BVP for short. The expanded BVP is derived by fitting the function in three separate intervals and joining them smoothly to form a single function. Additional enhancements include the adaptation of the previously improved SD degradation and all other improvements developed for reflective solar bands from the previous work. The time-dependent relative spectral response is also characterized and implemented, and its impact and improvements are studied and discussed. The result shows that the improved DNB calibration coefficients are more stable and smooth, and less noisy.
Abstract P008: Fibronectin Enhances Survival and Proliferation via Pim-1 and β1 Integrin in Cardiac Progenitor Cells

Background: Cardiac Progenitor Cells (CPC) are pivotally involved in cardiac repair. Extracellular matrix (ECM) components also contribute decisively in cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI). However, impact of ECM on CPC function and the involved signaling pathways have not been clearly elucidated. This study examines the relationship of ECM to cardioprotective signaling mediated by Pim-1, a serine/threonine kinase downstream of Akt, in CPC. Methods: Isolated mouse CPCs were plated on fibronectin (FN) or albumin coated dishes. FACS analysis and fluorescence based cell quantification have been used to determine viability and proliferation under stress and growth conditions. Signaling pathways were analyzed by immunoblotting, qRT-PCR and siRNA. Immunhistochemistry (IHC) has been used for in vivo studies after MI in mice. Results: FN inhibits starvation and staurosporine induced cell death in CPCs and promotes proliferation in conjunction with induction of Pim-1 expression. Protective and pro-proliferative effects of FN are abrogated by inhibition of Pim-1. Fibronectin signaling operates through the β1 integrin receptor that is crucial for FN-mediated signaling. Ongoing studies correlate these observations with in vivo responses to cardiomyopathic injury such as infarction challenge. Conclusion: FN provides pro-survival and pro-proliferative effects in CPCs in a Pim-1 kinase and β1 integrin dependent manner. Involved molecules colocalize in vivo in an infarction injury model. The causal contribution of FN in regeneration and wound healing after MI is to be confirmed by studies of a conditional FN knock-out mouse that is under construction.
Discoid lupus erythematosus: when a superficial injury is a red herring of underlying disease.

A 64-year-old woman with no dermatological history presents with a rash over her left eyebrow for the past 3 months with associated itching. The patient also states she has a bruise on her scalp from an accidental injury 1 year previously that continues to be sore. She was previously seen by her primary care physician after her injury, who dismissed the lesion as a haematoma. On physical examination, the patient has a single erythematous papule on the left eyebrow with grey dot granules and mild telangiectasia (figure 1). On examination of the right frontal scalp, the patient has a well-demarcated, erythematous …
Incorporating institutional power into the disparate stakeholder management approach: a case study of wildlife management in the southern greater yellowstone area

Natural resource management decisions are complicated by multiple property rights, management objectives, and stakeholders with varying degrees of influence over the decision making process. Underlying institutional factors will give certain stakeholders a greater level of influence over the policy outcome. How a stakeholder uses their influence can greatly effect the decision making process. We utilized the Legal Institutional Analysis Model to account for stakeholdersʼ political power in the decision making process. We then extended the use of this model by integrating concepts from decision analysis and public choice economics into a single, comprehensive approach called Disparate Stakeholder Management. We demonstrate this new approach in this report through a case study concerning elk and bison management in the Southern Greater Yellowstone Area.
Over the hill and falling down: Can the NEXUS criteria be applied to the elderly?

Abstract Introduction The National Emergency X-Radiography Utilization Study (NEXUS) criteria have been criticized due to the presumed unreliability of the clinical exam in elderly patients. The objective of this study was to determine if the NEXUS criteria can be safely applied to this vulnerable group of patients. Methods 596 trauma patients over the age of 65 were enrolled in a prospectively designed study between April 1, 2015 and October 1, 2016. The study was designed to encourage the use of the NEXUS criteria for all trauma patients including the elderly. NEXUS-negative patients (n = 226) were defined as individuals fulfilling none of the low risk criteria. The specificity and sensitivity of the NEXUS criteria were calculated based on any cervical spine injuries which were missed in NEXUS-positive patients (n = 129) who met one or more criteria. Results Out of the 596 included elderly patients, 355 patients underwent computed tomography (CT) of the cervical spine. 129 patients were NEXUS-positive and in this group ten nonoperative cervical spine injuries were detected. There were no NEXUS-positive patients who did not undergo CT scans of the cervical spine. No cervical spine injuries were detected in the 226 NEXUS-negative patients. In elderly patients, the NEXUS criteria had a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 100%. Conclusion The NEXUS criteria have been criticized in prior literature as less sensitive in elderly patients. Based on the current study, the use of the NEXUS criteria may lead to decreased radiation exposure and healthcare costs allowing for better allocation of resources for patients who warrant imaging of the cervical spine.
The Diversity of Diversity Education

This chapter approaches diversity as contextually defined and institutionally embedded. We argue that diversity is not one thing or one set of preferred, universal practices, rather it is a fluid concept defined and enacted for the institutional purpose at hand. Through this approach, we address the disappointment sometimes expressed by those who hold a purist view (i.e., the oft heard complaint that such and such is not “true diversity”). We locate the cause of such disillusionments in part in the failure of diversity educators to actively engage and promote the fluidity of the concept and its many applications. We suggest the way out of this conundrum is to deconstruct the purist view and instead to found diversity practices based on more tangible local organizational objectives.
Sex hormones the gastrointestinal tract and the liver: introductory comments.

It is the purpose of this communication to serve as an introduction to the research reports which comprise the program of the opening session of these meetings. This session is nominally devoted to a general consideration of the ways in which natural and synthetic sex hormones influence the form or the function of the gastrointestinal organs. As the subsequent seven papers in this volume attest, however, the program has been limited to the presentation of studies dealing solely with sex hormone effects on certain aspects of hepatic physiology and biochemistry, and particularly with those hormone effects on liver function from which inferences relevant to man might be drawn.
Analysis of Spatio-Temporal Data Using Interactive Statistical Graphics

Tools and techniques for analysing spatiotemporal data are not wide spread yet, although the amount of potential data in economics, geographic and social areas is growing rapidly. Methods for analysing only the spatial or temporal part of the data have been developed in the last 15 years, but a generalisation to the spatiotemporal case is often hard. Classical parametric methods seem to be extendible, but the structure of most real data sets is too complex to be fit to a more or less simple model. In contrast, interactive graphical methods are more flexible for investigating the structure or phenomena of a dataset. This first step of analysing the data can be followed by a second, parametric investigation, upon a greater knowledge of the structure. This paper shows possibilities of analysing spatiotemporal data with different explorative software tools, and shows what still is missing for a smooth analysis.
Polymerization: Elastomer Synthesis

Publisher Summary This chapter is designed to illustrate elastomer synthesis. The development of synthetic rubber played a special role in the history of polymerization chemistry. This was primarily because of the fact that attempts to synthesize rubber were made long before there was even the faintest idea of the nature of polymerization reactions. The development of an understanding of polymerization did not lead to the invention of synthetic rubber, but the reverse. Today, the design of a new elastomer or the modification of an old one requires the same kind of molecular architecture that applies to any other polymer and is based on an understanding of the principles of polymerization reactions. The extraordinarily large size of the macromolecules leads to their unusual properties; it would be most sensible to classify polymerization reactions in accordance with the way in which they affect the molecular size and size distribution of the final product. On this basis, there are only two basic processes whereby macromolecules are synthesized: step-growth polymerization and chain-growth polymerization.
Competent in any context: An integrated model of interprofessional education

While most graduate health professions programs in the United States have accepted the Interprofessional Education Collaborative's core competencies for collaborative practice, there is no consistent way to integrate the competencies into courses of study already crowded with uniprofessional competencies. A potential negative effect of treating interprofessional education as an add-on is that learners will not engage deeply with the competencies required to work effectively in health care teams. To design an integrated model, one institution adopted a theory from the management literature that frames professional competence as a way of being, not simply a body of knowledge to master. Viewing competence as a way of being ensures that learners can act collaboratively in any context. The model, called IMPACT Practice, provides multiple settings where learners can practice the competencies and make connections to their uniprofessional studies. By embedding the interprofessional competencies into all programs of study, learners come to see collaboration as a core element of what it means to be an effective health professional.
Gastrocnemius fascicles are shorter and more pennate throughout the first month following acute Achilles tendon rupture

The purpose of this study was to characterize the short-term effects of Achilles tendon ruptures on medial gastrocnemius. We hypothesized that the fascicles of the medial gastrocnemius muscle of the injured Achilles tendon would be shorter and more pennate immediately following the injury and would persist throughout 4 weeks post-injury. B-mode longitudinal ultrasound images of the medial gastrocnemius were acquired in 10 adults who suffered acute Achilles tendon ruptures and were treated non-operatively. Ultrasound images were acquired during the initial clinical visit following injury as well as two and four weeks following this initial clinical visit. Resting muscle structure was characterized by measuring fascicle length, pennation angle, muscle thickness, and muscle echo intensity in both the injured and contralateral (control) limbs. Fascicle length was 15% shorter (P 0.04). Echo intensity of the injured limb was 8% lower at the presentation of the injury and 11% lower (P = 0.008) than the contralateral muscle at 2 weeks following injury (P
The scale of symbiosis

At the 2018 International Symbiosis Society Congress research was shared on symbioses across a wide variety of scales, from the temporal to the spatial, and from the very small to the very large. Advances in our technologies and computational abilities have enabled us to probe deeper than ever before into the nature of symbiosis, revealing a tremendous diversity, novel associations, and a deeper understanding of the initiation and maintenance of symbioses over time. Researchers at ISSC 2018 also discussed the importance of symbiosis in human society and culture, particularly as we attempt to understand and mediate the impacts of global climate change. Despite the prevalence of symbioses across temporal, interaction, spatial, predictive and social scales, symbiosis remains relegated to a subtopic or afterthought within biological research. It is time to bring symbiosis to the fore of biological thinking; to move symbiosis from a mere component of larger questions in ecology and evolution to the lens through which we address those questions.
Multi-dimensional Data

This chapter discusses how to work with Java classes designed to keep data in arbitrary dimension and how to project complex numerical data to a lower dimension for visualization. File input and output are briefly described.
The Epidemiology of Patient-Reported Hypersomnia in Persons With Advanced Age.

Objective To examine the epidemiology and key demographic and clinical correlates of patient-reported hypersomnia in persons with advanced age. Design Cross-sectional design. Setting Community. Participants A total of 357 community-dwelling persons from the Yale Precipitating Events Project with a mean age of 84.2 years (range = 78-102 years). Measurements We studied patient-reported hypersomnia, defined categorically by an Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) score of 10 or greater; as well as the severity of hypersomnia symptoms, defined continuously by an ESS score range of 0 to 24 (higher scores denote greater sleepiness). In multivariable regression models, we examined cross-sectional associations between key correlates and ESS score, expressed as categorical and continuous variables. Key correlates included: demographics, education, smoking status, body mass index, self-reported medical conditions, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression score, Mini-Mental State Examination score, Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly, restless legs syndrome (RLS), self-reported sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), medications, and Insomnia Severity Index. Results Mean ESS score for all participants was 6.4. Patient-reported hypersomnia (ESS score ≥10) was established in 82 participants (23.0%)-their mean ESS score was 13.0. In multivariable models, male sex, nonwhite race, arthritis, depressive symptoms, low physical activity, RLS, SDB, central nervous system depressant medications, and insomnia severity were cross-sectionally associated with patient-reported hypersomnia (higher adjusted odds ratios, ranging from 1.93-2.86) and/or with the severity of hypersomnia symptoms (higher ESS scores, ranging from 0.11-2.86 points). Conclusion Patient-reported hypersomnia was prevalent in a sample of community-dwelling persons with advanced age. In addition, based on cross-sectional associations with the ESS score, key demographic and clinical characteristics were identified that may inform screening strategies for hypersomnia in advanced age. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:2545-2552, 2019.
Real-time quantification and supplementation of bioreactor amino acids to prolong culture time and maintain antibody product quality

Real-time monitoring of cell cultures in bioreactors can enable expedited responses necessary to correct potential batch failure perturbations which may normally go undiscovered until the completion of the batch and result in failure. Currently, analytical technologies are dedicated to real-time monitoring of bioreactor parameters such as pH, dissolved oxygen, and temperature, nutrients such as glucose and glutamine, or metabolites such as lactate. Despite the importance of amino acids as the building blocks of therapeutic protein products, other than glutamine their concentrations are not commonly measured. Here, we present a study into amino acid monitoring, supplementation strategies, and how these techniques may impact the cell growth profiles and product quality. We used preliminary bioreactor runs to establish baselines by determining initial amino acid consumption patterns, the results of which were used to select a pool of amino acids which gets depleted in the bioreactor. These amino acids were combined into blends which were supplemented into bioreactors during a subsequent run, the concentrations of which were monitored using a mass spectrometry based at-line method we developed to quickly assess amino acid concentrations from crude bioreactor media. We found that these blends could prolong culture life, reversing a viable cell density decrease that was leading to batch death. Additionally, we assessed how these strategies might impact protein product quality, such as the glycan profile. The amino acid consumption data were aligned with the final glycan profiles in principal component analysis to identify which amino acids are most closely associated with glycan outcomes.
Pathologic distribution of disease at the time of interval debulking versus primary tumor reduction in women with primary peritoneal, ovarian, or Fallopian tube carcinoma.

5584 Background: The surgical approach for interval debulking after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) for primary peritoneal, ovarian, or fallopian tube carcinoma has largely been extrapolated from e...
Family Engagement and Latine Children’s Early Narrative Skills

The present study examined the concurrent relations between culture-specific dimensions of family engagement for low-income, Pan-Latine families and children’s narrative ability, a critical predictor of reading success. One hundred seventy-five children and their caregivers were recruited from seven Head Start centers in a large city in the northeastern region of the US. Family engagement was assessed through a culturally grounded instrument (McWayne et al. 2013; McWayne and Melzi 2014) that measures parental behavior along one school-based and three home-based engagement dimensions. Children’s spontaneous narrative productions were elicited through two tasks: a picture-elicited and a conversational narrative task. Findings showed that family engagement dimensions were differentially related to important aspects of children’s narrative production, even after accounting for child and parent demographic characteristics. Specifically, families’ efforts to provide stimulating experiences for their children beyond “the basics” (i.e., Supplemental Education) were significantly related to children’s ability to tell longer narratives during the picture-elicited narrative task. In addition, parents’ active school-based engagement (i.e., School Participation) was significantly associated with children’s ability to narrate independently in the conversational narrative task.
Utilizing the care coordination Atlas as a framework: An integrative review of transitional care models:

IntroductionCare coordination reduces care fragmentation and costs while improving health care quality. Transitional care programs, guided by tested models are an important component of effective c...
Principles over Propositions: Or, How to Reject Metaphysical Neutrality in Bioethics.

The emergence and development of the field of clinical ethics (at least as we know it today) coincided with the revitalization of moral philosophy following the publication of John Rawls’ (1971) ma...
Insulin Derived Fibrils Induce Cytotoxicity in vitro and Trigger Inflammation in Murine Models.

Background:Effective exogenous insulin delivery is the cornerstone of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus management. Recent literature indicates that commercial insulin-induced tissue reaction and...
Stem cell, Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor and/or Dihexa to promote limb function recovery in a rat sciatic nerve damage-repair model: Experimental animal studies

Background Optimizing nerve regeneration and re-innervation of target muscle/s is the key for improved functional recovery following peripheral nerve damage. We investigated whether administration of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC), Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) and/or Dihexa can improve recovery of limb function following peripheral nerve damage in rat sciatic nerve transection-repair model. Materials and methods There were 10 experimental groups (n = 6-8 rats/group). Bone marrow derived syngeneic MSCs (2 × 106; passage≤6), G-CSF (200-400 μg/kg b.wt.), Dihexa (2-4 mg/kg b.wt.) and/or Vehicle were administered to male Lewis rats locally via hydrogel at the site of nerve repair, systemically (i.v./i.p), and/or to gastrocnemius muscle. The limb sensory and motor functions were assessed at 1-2 week intervals post nerve repair until the study endpoint (16 weeks). Results The sensory function in all nerve boundaries (peroneal, tibial, sural) returned to nearly normal by 8 weeks (Grade 2.7 on a scale of Grade 0-3 [0 = No function; 3 = Normal function]) in all groups combined. The peroneal nerve function recovered quickly with return of function at one week (∼2.0) while sural nerve function recovered rather slowly at four weeks (∼1.0). Motor function at 8-16 weeks post-nerve repair as determined by walking foot print grades significantly (P < 0.05) improved with MSC + G-CSF or MSC + Dihexa administrations into gastrocnemius muscle and mitigated foot flexion contractures. Conclusions These findings demonstrate MSC, G-CSF and Dihexa are promising candidates for adjunct therapies to promote limb functional recovery after surgical nerve repair, and have implications in peripheral nerve injury and limb transplantation. IACUC No.215064.
Phase transitions in when feedback is useful

Sensory observations about the world are invariably ambiguous. Inference about the world's latent variables is thus an important computation for the brain. However, computational constraints limit the performance of these computations. These constraints include energetic costs for neural activity and noise on every channel. Efficient coding is one prominent theory that describes how such limited resources can best be used. In one incarnation, this leads to a theory of predictive coding, where predictions are subtracted from signals, reducing the cost of sending something that is already known. This theory does not, however, account for the costs or noise associated with those predictions. Here we offer a theory that accounts for both feedforward and feedback costs, and noise in all computations. We formulate this inference problem as message-passing on a graph whereby feedback serves as an internal control signal aiming to maximize how well an inference tracks a target state while minimizing the costs of computation. We apply this novel formulation of inference as control to the canonical problem of inferring the hidden scalar state of a linear dynamical system with Gaussian variability. Our theory predicts the gain of optimal predictive feedback and how it is incorporated into the inference computation. We show that there is a non-monotonic dependence of optimal feedback gain as a function of both the computational parameters and the world dynamics, and we reveal phase transitions in whether feedback provides any utility in optimal inference under computational costs.
Estimating hybridization in the wild using citizen science data: a path forward

Genomic evidence of introgression in natural populations has reinvigorated the study of hybridization in recent years. Still, it is largely unknown how frequently individual organisms mate across species lines. Recently, Justyn et al. 2020 suggested that eBird, one of the world's largest citizen science databases, may supply adequate data for estimating hybridization rates. Here, we compare Justyn et al.'s estimates-and their conclusions that hybridization is rare-with estimates from museum and molecular data. We also estimate hybridization using eBird observations from areas and times when hybridization is possible, namely, in contact zones during the breeding season. These estimates are all considerably higher than those reported in Justyn et al., emphasizing that inferences from multiple datasets can differ radically. Finally, we demonstrate an approach for predicting the location of hybrid zones using eBird data, which can be done with high confidence and with unprecedented resolution. We show that citizen science data, far from settling the question of how frequently bird species hybridize, instead offer a promising step toward more focused study of hybrid zones. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
The Adoption Life Cycle: The Children and Their Families Through the Years

Adoption has been heavily criticized recently as an outdated social institution. This book argues that it is still the best solution to a significant social problem, but that its limits and possibilities, as opposed to natural parenthood, need to be more fully understood and appreciated. Rosenberg examines the process and results of adoption from the perspective of each of the three main parties - the adopters, the adoptees and the original parents. She describes the problems of adjustment and explores the types of relationship that can develop between each of the three parties. She also includes a clinical analysis of the psychological effects of adoption.
Fluids and Electrolytes

Children are not small adults. Babies are not small children. This is particularly true in the management of fluids in electrolytes of the pediatric surgical patient.
Farm animal well-being and intensive production systems.

Animal welfare, or well-being, is a social issue with ethical, scientific, political, and aesthetic properties. Answering questions about the welfare of animals requires scientific definition, assessment, solutions, and public acceptance. With respect to the actual well-being of the animal, most issues are centered on how the animal "feels" when managed within a specific level of confinement, during special agricultural practices (e.g., tail docking, beak trimming, etc.) and handling. Questions of this nature may require exploration of animal cognition, motivation, perception, and emotional states in addition to more commonly recognized indicators of well-being. Several general approaches have emerged for solving problems concerning animal well-being in intensive production systems: environmental, genetic, and therapeutic. Environmental approaches involve modifying existing systems to accommodate specific welfare concerns or development of alternative systems. Genetic approaches involve changing the behavioral and (or) physiological nature of the animal to reduce or eliminate behaviors that are undesirable within intensive system. Therapeutic approaches of a physical (tail docking, beak trimming) and physiological (drug and nutritional therapy) nature bring both concern and promise with regard to the reduction of confinement stress. Finally, the recent focus on commodity quality assurance programs may indirectly provide benefits for animal well-being. Although research in the area of animal well-being will provide important information for better animal management, handling, care, and the physical design of intensive production systems there is still some uncertainty regarding public acceptance. The aesthetics of modern intensive production systems may have as much to do with public acceptance as with science.
Neurolymphomatosis: A report of 2 cases representing opposite ends of the clinical spectrum.

Introduction Neurolymphomatosis (NL) is a rare disorder characterized by invasion of cranial or peripheral nerves, nerve roots, or plexi, usually by aggressive subtypes of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). The most common clinical presentation is that of a painful polyneuropathy or polyradiculopathy, followed by cranial neuropathy and, less frequently, by painless polyneuropathy. Methods Clinical and pathologic findings are reported for 2 NL cases. Results The following 2 patients with NL, with disparate clinical presentations, are presented: a patient with subacute onset, painful, multifocal, mixed axonal and demyelinating radiculoplexus neuropathy due to a large B-cell NHL, who required 2 targeted fascicular nerve biopsies to demonstrate NL; and a patient with a slowly progressive, length-dependent axonal polyneuropathy due to a low-grade B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder, as shown on a diagnostic sural nerve biopsy. Conclusions The cases described illustrate the wide clinical spectrum of NL. Muscle Nerve 52:449–454, 2015
Are credit rating agency analysts valuable

Purpose – This paper aims to determine the equity and debt market reactions of firms to the news of their hiring a credit rating agency (CRA) analyst. Due to recent controversies related to CRAs, the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) requires disclosure of the hiring of an analyst if the analyst recently worked for a rating agency that previously provided a rating for the hiring firm. The authors use those filings to estimate the market value of a credit rating analyst to the hiring firm. Design/methodology/approach – This paper examines the impact of analyst transfers from rating agencies to financial firms in the USA between 2006 and 2014. Findings – The authors find that the hiring of such analysts suggests a value increase for the debt securities of the hiring firm but no such value phenomenon for the equity of the employer firm. Research limitations/implications – Thus, markets apparently perceive that credit analysts bring valuable inside knowledge about potential clients and about the cre...
Electrolytic Cell Safety

The sections in this article are 1 General Description of Electrolytic Cell Process 2 Description of the Electrical Safety Hazards 3 Safeguarding Personnel 4 Summary and Conclusion 5 Areas for Future Study
Cloud service adoption decision

Many organizations with an IT infrastructure consisting of a combination of hardware and software, look for ways to achieve greater efficiencies, cost-savings associated with maintenance and upkeep, ease of use, while maintaining a great level of security. The main idea behind this research paper is to better understand the decision-making process with respect to how an IT organization evaluates its needs and chooses between different computer-hosting environments, i.e.: public cloud, private cloud, hybrid - combination of public and private cloud, lastly, an in-house platform, which is hosted internal to the organization and/or via a datacenter. A widely-accepted definition of “Cloud Computing” are Applications delivered as services over the Internet AND the hardware and systems software in the data centers that provide those services [1].
Summary of the Lövånger International Workshop on Turbulence and Diffusion in the Stable Planetary Boundary Layer

A workshop on the stable planetary boundary layer (PBL) was held on 21–24 October, 1997 at Lovanger, a small town about 80 km north of Umea, Sweden. Thirty-five scientists representing eight countries participated in the meeting, which was arranged by the U.S. Army Research Office, the Swedish Defence Research Establishment, the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Air Resources Laboratory, and the Meteorology Department of Uppsala University. Topics addressed included the very stable boundary layer, gravity wave/turbulence interactions, modeling the stable boundary layer, future observations and new measurement techniques, the role of condensation (fog) and radiative flux divergence, and atmospheric diffusion. Invited papers appear in this special issue. Workshop discussions, informal presentations, and specific recommendations are summarized. Workshop participants and organizers are presented in Appendix A.
Patterns and Processes in Cultural Evolution

Darwinian models of cultural change have been motivated, in part, by the desire to provide a framework for the unification of the biological and the human sciences. In this paper, drawing upon a distinction between the evolution of enabling mechanisms for the acquisition and dissemination of knowledge (EEM) and the evolution of epistemic theses as cultural products (EET), we propose a model of how culture emerges as a product of biological evolution on the basis of the concept of reaction norms. The goal of this model is to provide a means for conceptualizing how the biological and the cultural realms are connected, when they start to disconnect, and what the key transitions are. We then assess the viability of a Darwinian approach to cultural change. We conclude that the prospects of producing a Darwinian model of cultural change that unifies the human sciences in a way that mirrors the unification of the biological sciences in the light of Darwin’s theory are rather dim.
Remarks on the Whitham equations

We survey some topics involving the Whitham equations, concentrating on the role of the product of the wave function and its adjoint in averaging and in producing Cauchy kernels and differentials on Riemann surfaces. There are also some new results.
On the concept of an optimum design for solar heating exemplified by the winter 1976/77 and 1977/78 at Huntsville, Alabama

The design of an optimized solar heating system is analyzed based on a new concept which relates degree days as the heat requirement and incoming solar radiation as the heat source. The methodology is exemplified by data from Huntsville, Alabama, for the last two winters 1976/77 and 1977/78. A solar heating system based on an expected incoming solar radiation of 190 Langleys/day would have needed an amount of 27 days supplementary energy but a system designed for an expected value of 140 Langleys/day required only 11 days of additional heat. In the first case most of the supplementary heat must be provided by a carry-over from the previous months while the second system could build up the stored energy during December. An optimized system is a design which strikes a balance between the size of the collector area and the size of storage to result in the minimum cost for the consumer.