cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Subunit structure of regulator proteins influences the design of gene circuitry: analysis of perfectly coupled and completely uncoupled circuits.

Abstract Cells regulate expression their genome by means of a diverse repertoire of molecular mechanisms. However, little is known about their design principles or how these are influenced by underlying physical constraints. An early theory of gene regulation for inducible systems predicted that expression of the regulator and regulated proteins would be perfectly coupled (coordinate expression of regulator) when the regulator is a repressor and completely uncoupled (invariant expression of regulator) when the regulator is an activator. The experimental data then available tended to support these predictions, but there were notable exceptions. Here, we describe an extended theory, which takes into account the subunit structure of regulator proteins. The number of subunits determines the allowable range of values for the regulatory parameters, and, as a consequence, new rules for the prediction of gene circuitry emerge. The theory predicts perfectly coupled circuits with repressors, but only when the capacity for induction is “small”; it predicts completely uncoupled circuits with repressors when the capacity is “large”. This theory also predicts completely uncoupled circuits with activators when the capacity for induction is small; it predicts perfectly coupled circuits with activators when the capacity is large. These new predictions are more fully in accord with available experimental evidence.
An Adaptive Tradeoff Model for Service Performance and Security in Service-Based Systems

The message-based communication among services inService Oriented Architecture (SOA) is vulnerable to various security attacks, and has to be well protected by security mechanisms, which may sacrifice service performance due to limited system resources. In this paper, an adaptive tradeoff model for service performance and security in service based systems is presented. This model can be used to adjust security configurations of services to provide sufficient protection and satisfy service performance requirements for SOA-based systems simultaneously. The construction of this model includes the development of a set of metrics to quantitatively measure the performance and security of services, the development of a tradeoff objective function incorporating service performance and security, and the parameter estimation through experiments. An example of service-based secure voice communication system is used to illustrate the construction of this model.
Cytochrome P450 mRNA Expression in the Rodent Brain: Species-, Sex- and Region-Dependent Differences

Cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes play a critical role in the activation and detoxication of many neurotoxic chemicals. Although research has largely focused on P450-mediated metabolism in the liver, emerging evidence suggests that brain P450s influence neurotoxicity by modulating local metabolite levels. As a first step toward better understanding the relative role of brain P450s in determining neurotoxic outcome, we characterized mRNA expression of specific P450 isoforms in the rodent brain. Adult mice (male and female) and rats (male) were treated with vehicle, phenobarbital, or dexamethasone. Transcripts for CYP2B, CYP3A, CYP1A2, and the orphan CYP4X1 and CYP2S1 were quantified in the liver, hippocampus, cortex, and cerebellum by quantitative (real-time) polymerase chain reaction. These P450s were all detected in the liver with the exception of CYP4X1, which was detected in rat but not mouse liver. P450 expression profiles in the brain varied regionally. With the exception of the hippocampus, there were no sex differences in regional brain P450 expression profiles in mice; however, there were marked species differences. In the liver, phenobarbital induced CYP2B expression in both species. Dexamethasone induced hepatic CYP2B and CYP3A in mice but not rats. In contrast, brain P450s did not respond to these classic hepatic P450 inducers. Our findings demonstrate that P450 mRNA expression in the brain varies by region, regional brain P450 profiles vary between species, and their induction varies from that of hepatic P450s. These novel data will be useful for designing mechanistic studies to examine the relative role of P450-mediated brain metabolism in neurotoxicity.
Density and Abundance of Secretive Marsh Birds in Iowa

Abstract. A decrease in wetland habitats throughout North America has caused a decline in populations of marsh birds. The objective of this study was to estimate population densities and abundances of secretive marsh birds in Iowa. Call-broadcast surveys were conducted in conjunction with distance sampling for eight species of marsh birds at wetlands in three regions of Iowa during 2009 and 2010. Regions were defined by observed microhabitat characteristics which also corresponded to physiographic regions. Region-specific density estimates were obtained using Program Distance for four species of marsh birds for which sufficient detections existed (Pied-billed Grebe [Podilymbus podiceps], Least Bittern [Ixobrychus exilis], Virginia Rail [Rallus limicola] and Sora [Porzana carolina]). The range of density estimates was 0.019 birds/ha (95% CI = 0.014-0.024) for Least Bittern to 0.12 birds/ha (95% CI = 0.11-0.14) for Pied-billed Grebe. Density estimates were highest in Region 2 for Pied-billed Grebe, Region 1...
On the practicality of using intrinsic reconfiguration for fault recovery

Evolvable hardware (EHW) combines the powerful search capability of evolutionary algorithms with the flexibility of reprogrammable devices, thereby providing a natural framework for reconfiguration. This framework has generated an interest in using EHW for fault-tolerant systems because reconfiguration can effectively deal with hardware faults whenever it is impossible to provide spares. But systems cannot tolerate faults indefinitely, which means reconfiguration does have a deadline. The focus of previous EHW research relating to fault-tolerance has been primarily restricted to restoring functionality, with no real consideration of time constraints. In this paper, we are concerned with EHW performing reconfiguration under deadline constraints. In particular, we investigate reconfigurable hardware that undergoes intrinsic evolution. We show that fault recovery done by intrinsic reconfiguration has some restrictions, which designers cannot ignore.
Impulsive responses to emotion as a transdiagnostic vulnerability to internalizing and externalizing symptoms.

Introduction: This study explored the hypothesis that impulsive reactions to heightened emotion may reflect a transdiagnostic vulnerability to both externalizing and internalizing symptoms. Methods: A sample of undergraduates completed self-report measures of aggression, borderline personality disorder symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and alcohol problems, and a subset completed interviews that assessed suicidality. All participants also completed self-report measures relating to impulsivity. We predicted that emotion-reactive impulsivity, but not other aspects of impulsivity, would be related to the set of psychopathology symptoms. Results: Multiple regression analyses found that emotion-reactive impulsivity was uniquely related to each of the psychopathology scales, whereas non-emotion-relevant impulsivity was uniquely related only to alcohol problems. Conclusion: Discussion focuses on limitations and clinical implications.
Abstract execution: a technique for efficiently tracing programs

Many areas of computer performance analysis require detailed traces of events that occur during a program's execution. Collecting traces is expensive. The additional code required to record events greatly slows a program's execution. In addition, the resulting trace files can grow unmanageably large. This paper describes a technique called abstract execution that alleviates both problems. Abstract execution records a small set of events during the traced program's execution. These events serve as input to an abstract version of the program that generates a full trace by re-executing selected portions of the original program. This process greatly reduces both the cost of tracing the original program and the size of the trace files. The cost of regenerating a trace is insignificant in comparison to the cost of applications that use it. This paper also describes a system called AE that implements Abstract Execution. The paper contains measurements that demonstrate that AE can efficiently trace large programs.
Peer Victimization in Children with Learning Disabilities

This study examined the nature and psychosocial correlates of peer victimization in a clinical sample of children with Learning Disabilities (LD). A total of 303 patient charts were searched at a university child psychiatry clinic, and 77 participants met LD diagnostic criteria. Data collected included the Child Behavior Checklist (which contains items assessing peer victimization), Conners Parent Rating Scale, Revised Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale, and Children’s Depression Inventory. Peer victimization was positively correlated with parent reports of withdrawal, anxiety, depressive symptoms, social problems, thought problems, attention problems, and disruptive behavior. Children with LDs who had comorbid psychiatric diagnoses reported a significantly higher amount of peer victimization than children without a comorbid psychiatric condition. Implications of this study regarding the role of peer victimization and healthy psychological adjustment among children with LDs are discussed.
Modification of Surface Property for Controlling the Type 304 Stainless Steel Electrochemical Corrosion Potential in 288°C Water

Abstract The thermal spray coating technique was used to produce insulated protective coatings (IPC) on Type 304 (UNS S30400) stainless steel (SS) surfaces. The electrochemical corrosion potential ...
Caught in the Crossfire: Revolutions, Repression, and the Rational Peasant

Caught in the Crossfire: Revolutions, Repression, and the Rational Peasant. By T. David Mason. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, 2004. 328p. 30.95 paper.Among citizens and scholars in many parts of the world, concern about political violence has been intense since the United States declared a war on terror after 9/11. In this volume, T. David Mason reminds us that, tragically, insurgency was common in the last half of the twentieth century, and he explores a question that remains fundamental: Why, when rebel victory is uncertain at best and the risks large, do people rebel? He probes this question primarily with respect to peasants in Latin America, but his answers are more broadly relevant as well.
Change in albuminuria and eGFR following insulin sensitization therapy versus insulin provision therapy in the BARI 2D study.

Summary Background and objectives In the Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation 2 Diabetes randomized trial, glycemic control with insulin-sensitization therapy was compared with insulin-provision therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease. This study examined differences in albumin excretion and renal function in the insulin-sensitization group versus the insulin-provision group over 5 years. Design, setting, participants & measurements In total, 1799 patients with measurements of creatinine and urine albumin/creatinine ratio at baseline and at least two follow-up visits were included. Management of BP, lipids, and lifestyle counseling was uniform. Progression of albuminuria was defined as doubling of baseline albumin/creatinine ratio to at least 100 mg/g or worsening of albumin/creatinine ratio status on two or more visits. Worsening renal function was defined as >25% decline in estimated GFR and annualized decline of >3 ml/min per 1.73 m2 per year. Results By 6 months and thereafter, the mean glycated hemoglobin levels were lower in the insulin-sensitization group compared with the insulin-provision group (P Conclusion Over 5 years, despite lower glycated hemoglobin levels, the insulin-sensitization treatment group had greater progression of albumin/creatinine ratio compared with the insulin-provision treatment group. Decline in estimated GFR was similar.
Bronchodilation and inhibition of induced asthma by adrenergic agonists

In asthma, adrenergic agonists alleviate airflow obstruction and prevent obstructive responses to a variety of stimuli. A rapidly and a slowly metabolized agonist were compared to determine whether bronchodilation is the major mechanism by which these drugs prevent exercise-induced asthma (EIA). A 200-microgram inhaled dose of the rapidly metabolized agonist, isoproterenol, induced bronchodilation of the same order as terbutaline 500 microgram (1-sec forced expiratory volume [FEV1] increased 9.5% and 10.2%). An hour after isoproterenol, FEV1 was still above baseline (p less than 0.02) but EIA was only partially inhibited; the 23% fall in FEV1 was of the same order as the 32% fall after placebo (p greater than 0.05). One hour after terbutaline, mean resting FEV1 was in the range of that after isoproterenol, but the 10% change after exercise was less than that after placebo and isoproterenol (p less than 0.005). Our findings suggest that the two effects have different dose-response relationships, with higher doses of adrenergic agonists needed to prevent EIA than to maintain bronchodilation.
The Emergence of Ebola as a Global Health Security Threat: From 'Lessons Learned' to Coordinated Multilateral Containment Efforts

First reported in remote villages of Africa in the 1970s, the Ebolavirus was originally believed to be transmitted to people from wild animals. Ebolavirus (EBOV) causes a severe, frequently fatal hemorrhagic syndrome in humans. Each outbreak of the Ebolavirus over the last three decades has perpetuated fear and economic turmoil among the local and regional populations in Africa. Until now it has been considered a tragic malady confined largely to the isolated regions of the African continent, but it is no longer so. The frequency of outbreaks has increased since the 1970s. The 2014 Ebola outbreak in Western Africa has been the most severe in history and was declared a public health emergency by the World Health Organization. Given the widespread use of modern transportation and global travel, the EBOV is now a risk to the entire Global Village, with intercontinental transmission only an airplane flight away. Clinically, symptoms typically appear after an incubation period of approximately 11 days. A flu-like syndrome can progress to full hemorrhagic fever with multiorgan failure, and frequently, death. Diagnosis is confirmed by detection of viral antigens or Ribonucleic acid (RNA) in the blood or other body fluids. Although historically the mortality of this infection exceeded 80%, modern medicine and public health measures have been able to lower this figure and reduce the impact of EBOV on individuals and communities. The treatment involves early, aggressive supportive care with rehydration. Core interventions, including contact tracing, preventive initiatives, active surveillance, effective isolation and quarantine procedures, and timely response to patients, are essential for a successful outbreak control. These measures, combined with public health education, point-of-care diagnostics, promising new vaccine and pharmaceutical efforts, and coordinated efforts of the international community, give new hope to the Global effort to eliminate Ebola as a public health threat. Here we present a review of EBOV infection in an effort to further educate medical and political communities on what the Ebolavirus disease entails, and what efforts are recommended to treat, isolate, and eventually eliminate it.
Microglia use multiple mechanisms to mediate interactions with vitronectin; non-essential roles for the highly-expressed αvβ3 and αvβ5 integrins.

Background As the primary resident immune cells, microglia play a central role in regulating inflammatory processes in the CNS. The extracellular matrix (ECM) protein vitronectin promotes microglial activation, switching microglia into an activated phenotype. We have shown previously that microglia express two vitronectin receptors, αvβ3 and αvβ5 integrins. As these integrins have well-defined roles in activation and phagocytic processes in other cell types, the purpose of the current study was to investigate the contribution of these two integrins in microglial activation.
Tasks matter: modeling group task processes in experimental CSCW research

The authors present a model of how individuals process tasks in a group setting. They review the literature on tasks and integrate this literature in the context of experimental collaborative group work. The bulk of the task literature suggests that a workable and valid classification system must be built both on characteristics that are innate to a task and on characteristics of the task performer. Based on this framework, plus work done by J.R. Hackman (1969), a model of group task processing is proposed. As part of this model, a relatively unused type of task called a hidden profile task is documented and contrasted with other tasks which have been used in computer-supported group research. Hidden profile tasks have much to offer group laboratory research; these tasks distribute task relevant information among group members to induce heterogeneity within the group. The authors argue that the use of hidden profile tasks in laboratory research will help to close the gap between field and laboratory research since groups in field settings generally come together with heterogeneous information and perspectives. >
On Cardiovascular Sound: Further Observations by Means of Spectral Phonocardiography

Spectral phonocardiography, an adaptation of the method of sound spectrography devised at the Bell Telephone Laboratories, differs from conventional oscillographic phonocardiography principally in the fact that frequency spectrum is displayed as well as the dimensions of time and intensity. The display of frequency spectrum is responsible for three advantages of the method: (1) Quality, or timbre, is given physical definition, (2) resolution in the time dimension is improved, and a (3) a better display of the wide dynamic range of cardiovascular sound is attained. This method can do, or can be made to do, all the ear can, and can probably emulate the performance of the ear because 1) it is not wed to a particular frequency-intensity response curve, 2) it suffers from no "psychoacoustic" impediments, 3) it provides better resolution in the time dimension, and 4) it produces permanent, quantifiable records. Discussed here are selected features of mitral valve disease, aortic valve disease, gallops, systolic clicks, and extracardiac sounds. In general, intensity and peak frequency (or frequency range) vary in a parallel manner in sound of cardiovascular origin. Artefacts due to noncardiovascular ambient noise and to electrical interference can be identified and disregarded in the heart sound analysis.
James Bond and Michael Ovitz: the secret life of agents

As agents populate Cyberspace in their many guises and roles, they coordinate and interact in different ways, spanning self-interested, as well as collaborative interactions. Agent coordination should be supported by an agent's internal architecture and agent societal frameworks. We take a micro-economic view of coordination. In this talk we report on our work on adaptive agent architecture and the primitive agent behaviors it supports, agent organizations, contracting protocols among agents and presence of middle agents.
Tooth shape optimization of switched reluctance motors for improved torque profiles

This paper investigates the optimal design of switched reluctance motors to obtain higher average torque with lower torque ripple content. This is achieved by shaping both stator and rotor tooth surface regions, using finite element analysis to evaluate the designs. The optimization problem is solved using two methods, namely, a gradient ascent method and a genetic algorithm. In the gradient ascent method, the tooth surfaces are described by a set of flexible nodes. In the genetic algorithm, the tooth surfaces are defined using quadratic Bezier curves. The two methods provide different insights on the optimal tooth shapes, and thus can be thought to be complementary to each other.
Optimization of Rhythmic Behaviors by Modulation of the Neuromuscular Transform

We conclude our study of the properties and the functional role of the neuromuscular transform (NMT). The NMT is an input-output relation that formalizes the processes by which patterns of motor ne...
Research on Frequency Control Strategy of Doubled-Fed Induction Generator Based Wind Turbines

This paper presents two control strategies for doubly fed induction wind generators to participate in the frequency regulation of the system: the inertia control strategy and drop rate control strategy.The DFIG control models of the two strategies are also established.To maximize the fast power control capabilities of the DFIG and conventional generator,the drop rate control strategy uses the high frequency element extracted by the washout filter as the input of DFIG,and the ISE-based optimized design method is proposed for control parameters of the DFIG.The two-area AGC control system model containing wind turbines is established and simulated digitally,and the dynamic performances of two control strategies are compared under load disturbances.The simulation result demonstrates the effectiveness of the drop rate control strategy.
A Survey of CBI Teaching Approach

CBI is an apprpach which integrates language teaching with the content of a certaim subject.while;ESP teaching is the language teaching related to subject knowledge.Based on the brief analysis of requirements for the present ESP teaching and general introduction of the theoretical foundation and characteristics of CBI,this paper attempts to discuss the implication of CBI in ESP teaching.
Prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing in ages 40-64 years: a population-based survey.

Previous research has offered widely varying prevalence estimates for sleep apnea in the population, leaving uncertain which breathing patterns are abnormal. To explore the distribution of sleep apnea in the population and its co-morbidities, random telephone dialing was used between 1990 and 1994 to recruit subjects for a prevalence survey of sleep-disordered breathing in San Diego adults. Events from which blood oxygen desaturations ≥4% resulted were monitored with home recording instruments, usually for three consecutive nights. Among 190 women ages 40–64 years, a median of 4.3 desaturation events per hour of sleep were observed. A higher median of 6.7 events per hour was observed among 165 men. Frequencies were much higher among members of minority groups, leading to a standard estimate that 16.3% of U.S. Hispanics and racial minorities have ≥20 events/hour as compared to 4.9% of non-Hispanic Whites ages 40–64. Obesity indicated by body-mass index was the most important demographic predictor of sleep-disordered breathing, followed by age, male gender, and ethnicity. Quality of well-being was not significantly impaired in subjects with more respiratory events; however, there was some increase in blood pressure and wake-within-sleep associated with sleep-disordered breathing. This survey indicates that sleep-disordered breathing is more common, especially among minorities, than had been previously believed, but less co-morbidity may be associated.
Brain Growth Periodization: A Review of Research and Analysis of Issues

AbstractThis review presents this writer's interpretation of the Brain Growth Periodization data. The literature on the “so-called” Epstein rubric is reviewed and issues involved in studying this area are discussed. These include: concerns about validating Epstein's work, application of the data, over and under-challenging learners, future research issues, and the need to gather longitudinal information in making decisions about this area of investigation.
Methodological Developments in Environment-Behavioral Research

This chapter is concerned with research methods in the area of environment and behavior. Specifically it deals with the research methods that have been used, how relevant and valid (in terms of theory, research design, and data collection) these methods have been, and finally, it suggests the kinds of research methods that need to be developed in the area. The chapter is not intended as an overview of the current research literature. For this the reader is directed to any of the numerous recent texts on environmental psychology (e.g., Altman, 1975; Ittelson, Proshansky, Rivlin, and Winkel, 1974; Heimstra and McFarling, 1974). Rather the aim here is to present the most commonly used research designs and data-collection techniques and to evaluate them in terms of their contribution to the theory and problem-oriented nature of the field.
Credentialing and Competition for Social Jurisdiction

(1993). Credentialing and Competition for Social Jurisdiction. Journal of Health Education: Vol. 24, Credentialing & Health Education, pp. 282-284.
De Novo Asymmetric Synthesis of Phoracantholide J

A de novo asymmetric total synthesis of the macrolide natural product (S)-phoracantholide J has been achieved in 10 steps from the commodity chemicals (1-pentyne, ethyl acrylate, acetaldehyde, and hydrogen). The asymmetry of the route was introduced by a Noyori reduction of a 3-yn-2-one, which makes the route equally amenable to the synthesis of either enantiomer. In addition, this route relies upon an alkyne zipper, a hydroalkynylation, and a macrolactonization to complete the synthesis.
Self-Induced Photogenic Seizures

The characteristics of photogenic self-induced seizures and their treatment by optical filters in a 2-year-old boy with severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy are reported from the National Epilepsy Center, Shizuoka Higashi Hospital, Japan.
Sound and Touch

Graphics, text, tables and animation exploit only the human vision system. Human perception relies on four other senses, however. For presenting complex information, at least some of those senses can also be exploited. This chapter discusses how two of them, sound and touch, can be used to present information.
The effects of ocean acidification on wound repair in the coral Porites spp.

Abstract Scleractinian corals on tropical reefs are exposed to many natural and anthropogenic disturbances, and while much is known about their responses to such conditions, it is unclear whether the responses will remain the same in a future affected by climate change and ocean acidification. To evaluate how one aspect of these effects — wound repair — might be influenced by ocean acidification, small colonies of massive Porites spp. from the back reef of Moorea, French Polynesia, were damaged to simulate the effects of single bites by corallivorous fishes, and healing was measured under contrasting P CO2 regimes. Using experiments lasting 19–20 d and employing superficial (2013) or deep (2014) lesions, the effects of damage were evaluated at ~ 400 μatm (ambient) and ~ 1000 μatm P CO2 (both at ~ 28.5 °C) using calcification and healing as dependent variables. Damage reduced calcification of massive Porites spp. in 2013, but not in 2014, and P CO2 had no effect on area-normalized calcification or healing in both years, although biomass-normalized calcification was reduced by high P CO2 in 2014. Overall these results reveal the physiological resilience of this functional group of corals to the extent of ocean acidification expected by the end of this century, and suggest that over this period small colonies will remain capable of recovery from minor damage arising from fish corallivory.
Investigation of Microbubble Boundary Layer Using Particle Image Velocimetry

Particle tracking velocimetry has been used to measure the velocity fields of both continuous and dispersed phases, in a microbubble turbulent boundary layer, in a channel flow. Hydrogen and oxygen microbubbles were generated in the flow by electrolysis. The average size of the microbubble radius was 15 μm. Significant drag reductions (above 40%) were observed, when the accumulation of microbubbles took place in a critical zone within the buffer layer. The z-component of the mean vorticity field was derived from the measured velocity fields. There is a decrease in the magnitude of the vorticity, leading to a smother transition from the viscous to the buffer layer. This indicates the increase of the viscous sublayer thickness, as also observed in investigations of drag reduction by polymer and surfactant injection in liquid flows.© 2003 ASME
Parasites and Infectious Disease: Discovery by Serendipity and Otherwise

Preface Prologue Introduction 1. African trypanosomes and their VSGs 2. Malaria: the real killer 3. The HIV-AIDS vaccine and the disadvantage of natural selection: the yellow fever vaccine and the advantage of artificial selection 4. Lyme disease: a classic emerging disease 5. The discovery of ivermectin: a 'crap shoot', or not? 6. 'You came a long way to see a tree' 7. Infectious disease and modern epidemiology 8. The 'Unholy Trinity' and the geohelminths: an intractable problem? 9. Hookworm disease: insidious, stealthily treacherous 10. The spadefoot toad and Pseudodiplorchis americanus: an amazing story of two very aquatic species in a very dry land 11. The schistosomes: split-bodied flukes 12. Dicrocoelium dendriticum and Halipegus occidualis: Their life cycles and a genius at work 13. Trichinosis and Trichinella spp. (all eight of them, or is it nine?) 14. Phylogenetics: a contentious discipline 15. Toxoplasma gondii, Sarcocystis neurona, and Neospora caninum: the worst of the coccidians? Summary.
Integrated omics approaches to characterize a nuclear receptor corepressor-associated histone deacetylase in mouse skeletal muscle.

Nuclear receptors regulate gene expression by differentially binding to coactivators or corepressors in a ligand-dependent manner, which further recruits a set of epigenome-modifying enzymes that remodel chromatin conformation. Histone acetylation is a major epigenomic change controlled by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs). HDAC3 is the only HDAC that confers the enzymatic activity to the complexes nucleated by nuclear receptor corepressors NCoR and SMRT. To address the metabolic function of HDAC3, we have deleted it specifically in mouse skeletal muscles. We have performed the following omics profiling in skeletal muscles of these mice: (1) RNA-seq profiling of total RNA; (2) Global nuclear run-on (GRO-seq) analysis of nascent RNAs; (3) Chromatin immuno-precipitation (ChIP-seq) of HDAC3 at both early evening and early morning; (4) proteomics profiling with mass spectrometry; (5) snap-shot metabolomics profiling of water-soluble metabolites at the basal condition; (6) snap-shot metabolomics profiling of lipid species at the basal condition; (7) kinetic fluxomics analysis of glucose utilization using 13C6-glucose In vivo during treadmill running exercise. These approaches have provided several novel insights into how nuclear receptors regulate circadian rhythm of skeletal muscle fuel metabolism, which has been published elsewhere. Here we present the original datasets and technical details during the execution, analysis, and interpretation of these omics studies.
Combined modality therapy for early stage operable and locally advanced potentially resectable non-small cell lung carcinoma.

Surgical resection of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) remains the primary treatment for early stage disease, that is, stage I and II disease. Yet, the vast majority of patients with lung cancer present with either distant metastatic disease (stage IV) or locally advanced NSCLC (stage IIIA and IIIB). Today, despite modest gains in outcome in patients with early stage disease, using improved surgical techniques, better preoperative risk assessment, and advances in thoracic anesthesia, a significant proportion of these patients will eventually succumb to their disease due to local and/or distant recurrence. For those patients with locally advanced NSCLC, defined either by the presence of mediastinal nodal involvement or a primary tumor that invades key thoracic elements (chest wall, vertebral body, great vessels) surgical resection of this tumor is either difficult (T3) or impossible (T4). Therefore, a combined modality approach to the treatment of most operable or potentially resectable non-small cell lung cancers has been actively pursued by clinical investigators.
THE INTEGRATION OF ORAL AND WRITTEN JESUS TRADITION IN THE EARLY CHURCH

This article considers the important ways in which oral tradition was incorporated with written tradition in the early church. By considering sayings in 1 Clement , Polycarp’s Letter to the Philippians , and Irenaeus’ Letter to Florinus , the article makes the case that early Christian writers, including the gospel authors, were careful to accurately and faithfully combine reliable oral tradition with their accepted written sources.
A fresh imputing survey methodology using sensible constraints on study and auxiliary variables: dubious random non-response

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we introduce a fresh methodology for imputing missing values by making use of sensible constraints on both a study variable and auxiliary variables that are correlated with t...
Deformable registration of high-resolution and cine MR tongue images

This work investigates a novel 3D multimodal deformable registration method to align high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with cine MRI of the tongue for better visual and motion analysis. Both modalities have different strengths to characterize and analyze the tongue structure or motion. Visual and motion analysis of combined anatomical and temporal information can synergistically improve the utility of each modality. An automated multimodal registration method is presented utilizing structural information computed from the 3D Harris operator to encode spatial and geometric cues into the computation of mutual information. The robustness and accuracy of the proposed method have been demonstrated using experiments on clinical datasets and yielded better performance compared to the conventional method and an average error comparable to the inter-observer variability.
Abstract 20275: A Novel Engineered Hepatocyte Growth Factor Analog Released via a Temperature-Responsive, Shear-Thinning Hydrogel Enhances Post-Infarction Ventricular Function

Objective: Hepatocyte growth factor is cardioprotective, anti-apoptotic, and pro-angiogenic; yet, is limited in clinical translation due to its high manufacturing cost and low stability. We encapsulated an engineered HGF fragment (HGFf) in an engineered shear-thinning, temperature-responsive, injectable hydrogel (SHIELD). We hypothesized SHIELD would facilitate targeted, sustained intramyocardial delivery of HGFf, thereby attenuating myocardial injury and post-infarction remodeling. Methods: HGFf elution was tracked for 2 weeks via fluorophore conjugation. Cytoprotective effects of HGFf on rat cardiomyocytes were assessed with a WST-1 cell viability assay after a 48hr serum starvation. Adult male Wistar rats (n=21) underwent sham surgery or permanent ligation of the LAD followed by borderzone injection of 60μL PBS, SHIELD alone, or SHIELD encapsulating 10μg HGFf. Ventricular geometry and function, infarct size, and angiogenic response were assessed 4-weeks post-infarction. Results: HGFf elution was sustained for 14 days in vitro (Fig. 1A), remained active, and improved cardiomyocyte viability by 22% during serum starvation (Fig. 1B). SHIELD remained localized within the heart at day 16 following injection. Treatment with SHIELD-HGFf reduced infarct size and significantly increased ejection fraction compared to that of the controls (Fig. 1C and D). The improvements in function in SHIELD-HGFf treated animals were coupled with a significant increase in arterial density compared to that of the other study groups (Fig. 1E and F). Conclusions: Sustained delivery of a stable, protein engineered HGFf limits post-infarction adverse ventricular remodeling by increasing angiogenesis and reducing fibrosis. Combining HGFf with SHIELD improves clinical translatability by enabling catheter-based delivery and subsequent retention of this novel, potent angiogenic protein analog.
Intraoperative assessment of left ventricular function with transesophageal echocardiography.

TEE can provide a sensitive and continuous monitor of global and segmental left ventricular (LV) function with no intrusion into the surgical field. An experienced operator can use TEE intraoperatively to reveal the cause of acute hypotension or the onset of LV ischemia more rapidly, safely, and reliably than alternative methods such as pulmonary-artery catheterization. This article reviews the state-of-the-art in the echocardiographic evaluation of LV global and segmental function.
Sexual Violence, Competitive State Building, and Islamic State in Iraq and Syria

This article examines the practices of rape, sexual enslavement, and forced marriage used by the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS). Most research see wartime sexual violence as solutions to ba...
Quantitative Analysis of Different Operating Conditions' Effect on Dynamic On-Resistance in Enhancement-Mode GaN HEMTs

The dynamic on-resistance issue is problematic in existing GaN HEMTs as it increases the conduction loss of the converter in real operations. In this paper, the different operating conditions' effect on the dynamic on-resistance is evaluated experimentally for a commercial enhancement-mode GaN HEMT. Specifically, a double-pulse-test setup with a fast dynamic on-resistance measurement circuit is designed, and the impact of dc-link voltage, load current and turn-on gate resistance on the dynamic on-resistance is assessed. From the experimental results, it is observed, for the first time, that the turn-on gate resistance can affect the dynamic on-resistance especially at the high current and high voltage region. At 400 V/ 25A, more than 27% increase of dynamic on-resistance is observed when the turn-on gate resistance changes from 0 Ω to 20 Ω. Meanwhile, different from the previous studies, it is observed that the dc-link and load current's effect on the dynamic on-resistance relies on the operating conditions. Specifically, their impacts are more significant at the high current and high voltage regions. To find out the reason for these experimental results, a quantitative correspondence of the dynamic on-resistance and the energy used to generate hot electrons is established. It is concluded that the dynamic on-resistance's dependency on turn-on gate resistance, dc-link voltage and load current can be explained by the variation of the hot electron generation during the hard-switching transient.
Myth, Power, and Gun-Related Intimate Partner Violence Against Women

This chapter examines the tragedy of gun-related intimate partner violence against women (GIPVW henceforth). In that guns are minimally regulated in the United States, it is a uniquely American tragedy whose full scale is hidden by a lack of exact numbers that frustrates a proper account of its extent. This chapter adopts a Nietzschean genealogical approach to uncover two myths that explain the persistence of GIPVW. The myth of masculine priority is traced to its Hellenic roots, and the myth of firearms in the formation of the United States is given a deeper historical analysis. In each case there are vested interests that allow for both the proliferation of GIPVW and how intentionally little we know about the exact statistics. The chapter concludes by looking at some post-myth solutions to the problem.
WestSearch Plus: A Non-factoid Question-Answering System for the Legal Domain

We present a non-factoid QA system that provides legally accurate, jurisdictionally relevant, and conversationally responsive answers to user-entered questions in the legal domain. This commercially available system is entirely based on NLP and IR, and does not rely on a structured knowledge base. WestSearch Plus aims to provide concise one sentence answers for basic questions about the law. It is not restricted in scope to particular topics or jurisdictions. The corpus of potential answers contains approximately 22M documents classified to over 120K legal topics.
Mimalloc: Free List Sharding in Action

Modern memory allocators have to balance many simultaneous demands, including performance, security, the presence of concurrency, and application-specific demands depending on the context of their use. One increasing use-case for allocators is as back-end implementations of languages, such as Swift and Python, that use reference counting to automatically deallocate objects. We present mimalloc, a memory allocator that effectively balances these demands, shows significant performance advantages over existing allocators, and is tailored to support languages that rely on the memory allocator as a backend for reference counting. Mimalloc combines several innovations to achieve this result. First, it uses three page-local sharded free lists to increase locality, avoid contention, and support a highly-tuned allocate and free fast path. These free lists also support temporal cadence, which allows the allocator to predictably leave the fast path for regular maintenance tasks such as supporting deferred freeing, handling frees from non-local threads, etc. While influenced by the allocation workload of the reference-counted Lean and Koka programming language, we show that mimalloc has superior performance to modern commercial memory allocators, including tcmalloc and jemalloc, with speed improvements of 7% and 14%, respectively, on redis, and consistently out performs over a wide range of sequential and concurrent benchmarks. Allocators tailored to provide an efficient runtime for reference-counting languages reduce the implementation burden on developers and encourage the creation of innovative new language designs.
Integration Of Thermochemical Water Splitting With CO2 Direct Air Capture

Renewable production of fuels and chemicals from direct air capture (DAC) of CO2 is a highly desired goal. Here, we report the integration of the DAC of CO2 with the thermochemical splitting of water to produce CO2, H2, O2, and electricity. The produced CO2 and H2 can be converted to value-added chemicals via existing technologies. The integrated process uses thermal solar energy as the only energy input and has the potential to provide the dual benefits of combating anthropogenic climate change while creating renewable chemicals. A sodium–manganese–carbonate (Mn–Na–CO2) thermochemical water-splitting cycle that simultaneously drives renewable H2 production and DAC of CO2 is demonstrated. An integrated reactor is designed and fabricated to conduct all steps of the thermochemical water-splitting cycle that produces close to stoichiometric amounts (∼90%) of H2 and O2 (illustrated with 6 consecutive cycles). The ability of the cycle to capture 75% of the ∼400 ppm CO2 from air is demonstrated also. A technoeconomic analysis of the integrated process for the renewable production of H2, O2, and electricity, as well as DAC of CO2 shows that the proposed scheme of solar-driven H2 production from thermochemical water splitting coupled with CO2 DAC may be economically viable under certain circumstances.
Injectable slurry for selective destruction of neck adipose tissue in New Zealand obese mouse model

Increased neck circumference is a major risk factor for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). New data suggest that increased adipose tissue in the neck may be a contributory cause of OSA. The aim of this study was to investigate safety and efficacy of a recently developed injectable ice slurry in selective reduction of neck adipose tissue in a mouse model. We used the New Zealand obese mice that have increased volume of anterior neck fat, and are commonly used in OSA studies. MRI imaging was used to measure changes in fat tissue volume. Thirty animals were used in this study. Volumetric measurements in MRI images showed thatchanges in anterior neck adipose tissue volume from baseline in treated mice was significantly different in comparison with the control group (−1.09/kg ± 0.33/kg vs 0.68/kg ± 0.37/kg; p < 0.01 by two-tailed Student’s t test). Histological analysis of samples from the treated area of the neck did not show scarring or damage to the surrounding tissues. Injection of ice slurry safely, effectively, and selectively reduces upper airway fat in New Zealand obese mice without scarring or damage to surrounding tissue. Our results suggest that slurry injection may be a novel and minimally invasive method of removing neck adipose tissue. This intervention should be further investigated to determine its suitability for treatment of OSA.
The usefulness of ultrasound examination in detecting testicular nubbin in Japanese boys with non-palpable testes.

Summary Introduction and objective In the case of non-palpable testes, we often find a small nodule which is called “testicular nubbin (TN)” in scrotum or inguinal canal. There is no agreement about the treatment for TN. This time we investigated whether or not ultrasound examination (US) can be a useful modality for detecting TN. Materials and methods We recruited 66 boys who were diagnosed with non-palpable testes and who had undergone US studies. We examined age, affected side, size of the unaffected side, presence of testicular hypertrophy, and findings from US studies. Radiologists or sonographers familiar with examination of testicular nubbin carried out the ultrasound studies. When TN is detected in a patient, preservation or excision of the TN was chosen by their families. Results Sixty-six boys and 76 testes were examined. Thirty-four testes (44.7%) were diagnosed as having TN, 39 (51.3%) were undescended testes, and 3 (3.9%) were retractile testes. The median age of all participants was 13 months (range: 2–118 months). The mean ages of patients with TN, undescended testes, and retractile testes were 7.6 months, 14.5 months and 55 months, respectively. The size ratio between the affected and unaffected sides in cases of TN was 0.144 (range; 0.03–0.48) and in cases of undescended testes was 0.99 (0.46–1.2). Thirty cases of TN (88.2%) had testicular hypertrophy on the unaffected side. Only one case of TN underwent excision; viable cells were not seen. A high US region was observed in 31 (91.1%) cases with TN. Conclusion US was a useful modality for detecting TN. From this study, TN can be detected if the size ratio between the affected and unaffected sides is Download : Download high-res image (134KB) Download : Download full-size image Summary Figure . Ultrasound findings of TN. TN (arrow), Spermatic cord (arrowhead).
Digital Typography at Stanford

Abstract This article investigates the short lived digital typography graduate program formed between Stanford University’s Departments of Art and Computer Science, which began in 1982 and ended in 1988. The program leveraged the design skills of typographer Charles Bigelow with the software mastery of computer scientist and mathematician Donald Knuth. Besides educating graduate students who would go on to create numerous typeface designs for Adobe in Silicon Valley, they collaborated on an applied research project for the American Mathematical Society with eminent typographer Hermann Zapf. Bigelow’s historicist approach to type design aesthetics in the face of cutting-edge technology and postmodern design—both in his teaching and commercial typeface design—and the lack of interaction between the digital typography program and Stanford’s Joint Program in Design (shared between Mechanical Engineering and Art) may have contributed to the demise of digital typography at Stanford University. Still, its influence was wide ranging and impactful.