cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A 1 GHz GaAs CCD with capacitive gates and high transfer efficiency

A high-performance GaAs charge-coupled device (CCD) structure that has charge transfer efficiency (CTE) greater than 0.999 at 1 GHz is reported. This device is the highest performance capacitive gate GaAs CCD yet reported. A method of improving CTE in capacitive-gate CCDs by recessing the gap regions is described, and preliminary experimental results are presented. Use of an AlGaAs cap layer, resulting in a four order of magnitude reduction in Schottky gate leakage current, is described. >
Mars rover navigation results using sun sensor heading determination

Upcoming missions to the surface of Mars will use mobile robots to traverse long distances from the landing site. To prepare for these missions, the prototype rover, Rocky 7, has been tested in desert field trials conducted with a team of planetary scientists. While several new capabilities have been demonstrated, foremost among these was sun-sensor based traversal of natural terrain totaling a distance of one kilometer. This paper describes navigation results obtained in the field tests, where cross-track error was only 6% of distance traveled. Comparison with previous results of other planetary rover systems shows this to be a significant improvement.
Environmental Uncertainty, Business Strategy, and Financial Performance: An Empirical Study of the U.S. Lodging Industry

A key premise in the normative literature is that an appropriate business strategy will favorably align an organization with its environment (Andrews, 1971; Hofer & Schendel, 1978; Porter, 1980). It is argued that the strategy that will produce the best results is dependent on existing environmental circumstances (Miles & Snow, 1978).This study investigated the tenet that, for firms in the lodging industry, there exists an optimal pattern or ''fit'' between the environment and the firm's business strategy that separates the more successful operations from the less successful ones.The findings of this study indicate that a "match" between the state of the environment facing an organization and its business strategy is required for high performance. The results obtained provide an invaluable planning and analysis tool for all levels of management involved in charting a firm's future.
Monomial test: testing the flexural behavior of the degenerated shell element

Abstract Shear locking of the degenerated shell element is a result of the development of spurious shear strain by the element, when subjected to high order Kirchhoff displacement fields. The shear locking phenomenon is analyzed in this paper using an analytical test. The effects of the integration scheme, order of the element, order of the modeled Kirchhoff field and the element distortion are analyzed explicitly and quantitatively for the four-node, eight-node and nine-node degenerated shell elements.
Simulation of Spaced Antenna Wind Retrieval Performance on an X-Band Active Phased Array Weather Radar

AbstractSpaced antenna baseline wind retrievals, in conjunction with traditional Doppler measurements, are a potential means of fine angular resolution weather radar wind vector retrieval. A spaced antenna implementation on an X-band active phased array architecture is investigated via Monte Carlo simulations of the backscattered electric fields at the antenna array. Several retrieval methods are exercised on the data produced by the simulator. Parameters of the X-band spaced-antenna design are then optimized. Benefiting from the parametric fitting procedure inherent in the time domain slope at zero lag and full correlation analysis, the study finds both of these algorithms to be more immune to thermal noise than the spectral retrieval algorithms investigated. With appropriately chosen baselines, these time domain algorithms are shown to perform adequately for 5-dB SNR and above. The study also shows that the Gaussian slope at zero lag (G-SZL) algorithm leads to more robust estimates over a wider range of...
The Teacher-Pupil Interaction Scale: An Empirical Method for Analyzing the Interactive Effects of Teacher and Pupil Behavior.

Abstract The Teacher-Pupil Interaction Scale was developed for use by educational consultants to provide teachers with systematic data for analyzing and improving the learning of pupils. The scoring protocol provides for the simultaneous rating of sequential teacher-pupil interactions; a single mark is used to designate both teacher and pupil behavior at each five-second interval. Observations of a target pupil are alternated with other pupils in the classroom to serve as a point of comparison with the target pupil and to provide a general assessment of the classroom climate. Using the sequential record of their verbal and nonverbal interactions with students, teachers can pinpoint conditions serving both as antecedents and consequents of current student behavior. Armed with this information, teachers can effect changes in their instructional program to increase the rate of desired behaviors and eliminate or reduce unwanted responses.
Thermodynamics of Acetic Acid (aq) Calculated from the Modified Adsorption Isotherm Model for Aqueous Electrolytes

Abstract The modified adsorption isotherm model, incorporating the Stokes-Robinson modification of the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) adsorption isotherm, is used to calculate the activity of the organic acid and water, and the liquidus curve. This is the first known use of the modified adsorption isotherm for estimation of thermodynamic information for aqueous organic acid solutions and one of few works using the model for predicting information for aqueous acids in general. The method described here represents a simplified approach to estimating thermodynamic properties. The model offers some improvement over regular solution theory, but perhaps more importantly offers a method for adjusting thermodynamic properties in the presence of other components in the future. While other models such as UNIQUAC may prove to be more accurate, this model provides satisfactory results with more ease.
Development of ceramics from organosilicon polymers by heat treatment

Abstract Special heat resistant materials are obtained by heat treatment of organosilicon polymers at atmospheric pressure in a stream of N 2 . Organosilicon polymers are made of polycarbosilanes which are referred to as types I and II. Type I is stable up to 450°C and begins to decompose when it reaches this temperature. The first decomposition is completed around 650°C with almost 90% residue up to 1000°C. Type II is stable up to almost 1000°C in an inert atmosphere; however, it begins to decompose in dry air at 550°C with a 90% residue. These polymers may gradually be converted to β-silicon carbide (β-SiC) by further pyrolysis above 1000°C. X-Ray diffraction powder, diffuse reflectance IR Fourier transform (DRIFT), thermogravimetry (TG) analysis, and differential thermal analysis (DTA) have been used for analyses of these polymers. The X-ray diffraction powder of types I and II below 1000°C has shown an amorphous pattern with no existence of free carbon in the polymers.
Three minutes to tomorrow [My First Job]

Where does one start to describe a career, especially trying to remember back over the past 54 years---with probably a couple of careers along the way. Perhaps the easiest way is to compress everything from birth to graduation from high school in a quick summary---I made it through! Still being the tender age of 17, like most teenagers, I didn't have a clue about what I wanted to do with life at that point. So, like many others, I took the easy way out and joined the United States Air Force. As it turned out, it was probably one of the better decisions of my young life.
DuPont Fluorochemical materials in TSV process

As a result of Montreal Protocol, CFCs included Freon TES and Genesolv DES in electronic assemblies cleaning as well as de-flux solvent for Surface Mounting Technology, SMT, in PCB industry has been banned for production. DuPont fluorochemical came up with the effective alternative, Vertrelreg, with zero ODP (Ozone Depletion Potential) as special fluids for cleaning and which also is proven as an effective fluorinated polymer remover in Through Silicon Via, TSV, process required of the advance package industry. Beyond the solution of polymer remover, DuPont Fluorochemical also introduces the cost effective Zyronreg C4F8 in the Deep Reactive Ion Etching, DRIE, process of the TSV required.
New Determination of the K+ Decay Branching Ratios

Meson (K/sup +/) decay branching ratios are determined and compared with previous data. The high efficiency for conversion of gamma rays from mesons ( pi /sup 0/) into electron pairs and the ease of recognition of electrons in a xenon bubble chamber were used to scparate the K/sup +/ decay modes in this experiment. Results and comparisons are presented in tabular form. (L.N.N.)
Patterns and Trends in Event Tourism Study Topics Over 30 Years

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate shifts and patterns evident in event studies over the past 30 years. It aims to review events‐related academic articles published between 1980 and 2010 in the top three tourism journals.Design/methodology/approach – By reviewing 178 event‐related articles collected from the Annals of Tourism Research, the Journal of Travel Research and Tourism Management, published between 1980 and 2010, a content analysis was carried out in regard to trends in academic writings related to events.Findings – The study found that, even though the number of event studies has dramatically increased since 2000, and subject areas have become more diversified, the focus has still remained on a very limited number of topics.Originality/value – The present study will increase awareness among academia and researchers about the characteristics and development of research in event studies; will increase the understating of the meaning of “event” in the tourism industry by reviewin...
The BLISS programming language: a history

SUMMARY The BLISS programming language was invented by William A. Wulf and others at Carnegie-Mellon University in 1969, originally for the DEC PDP-10. BLISS-10 caught the interest of Ronald F. Brender of DEC (Digital Equipment Corporation). After several years of collaboration, including the creation of BLISS-11 for the PDP11, BLISS was adopted as DEC’s implementation language for use on its new line of VAX computers in 1975. DEC developed a completely new generation of BLISSs for the VAX, PDP-10 and PDP-11, which became widely used at DEC during the 1970s and 1980s. With the creation of the Alpha architecture in the early 1990s, BLISS was extended again, in both 32- and 64-bit flavors. BLISS support for the Intel IA-32 architecture was introduced in 1995 and IA-64 support is now in progress. BLISS has a number of unusual characteristics: it is typeless, requires use of an explicit contents of operator (written as a period or ‘dot’), takes an algorithmic approach to data structure definition, has no goto ,i s an expression language, and has an unusually rich compile-time language. This paper reviews the evolution and use of BLISS over its three decade lifetime. Emphasis is on how the language evolved to facilitate portable programming while retaining its initial highly machine-specific character. Finally, the success of its characteristics are assessed. Copyright  2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Movement patterns of the sub-Antarctic pulmonate limpet Kerguelenella lateralis (Gould) (Mollusca: Gastropoda)

Kerguelenella lateralis produces distinct spots on microalgal-coated rocks in the high intertidal zone at Kerguelen. Spots are the result of microalgal removal, corresponding in outline to the limpet's shell. Although limpet spots could be associated with homing behavior, K. lateralis does not exhibit this behavior. Limpets in low-and high-intertidal areas show high levels of sitespecific emigration and immigration. Rates of site-emigration (No. limpets leaving/day) are positively related with limpet density indicating that local limpet densities may influence population movements. Distances of displacement and rates of emigration and immigration are highly variable and do not differ in low-and high-intertidal sites. Lack of homing in K. lateralis may reflect characteristics of its sub-Antarctic environment: low levels of predation, few competitors, and protection from desiccation and wave action through occupation of cracks in the rocky substratum.
Climate policy and action ‘underneath’ Kyoto and Copenhagen: China and the United States

This contribution focuses on the role and promise of municipal-government climate-stabilization policies in the world's two largest greenhouse gases (GHG)-emitting nations. The article compares emission-mitigation authority, drivers, barriers, and activities at the city level in China and the United States. Recent municipal policy initiatives are analyzed within a policy context of climate-driven and climate-incidental municipal framings. For the most part, United States and Chinese cities have not yet adopted policy strategies that are intended to address GHG emissions directly and have not provided normative leadership in the interest of ecological justice. In both countries, however, increasingly independent and networked municipal governments are linking a diverse set of activities that focus on air-quality, health-promotion, and economic security to emissions reduction. These climate-incidental municipal policies establish commitments that are beginning to exert an important global environmental impact. Although noteworthy and exemplary in a political context of national resistance to emission mandates, in the absence of a coordinated and strategically framed commitment among cities across both countries and/or policies and targets agreed upon at national and international levels that generate and reinforce local government initiatives, fragmented, uneven, and incomplete municipal-government actions will continue to exert limited measurable and normative impact on global GHG emissions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website
Neuroprotectin D1 restores corneal nerve integrity and function after damage from experimental surgery.

Purpose. To investigate if topical treatment of neuroprotectin D1 (NPD1) increases regeneration of functional nerves after lamellar keratectomy.
“A Massive Long Way”: Interconnecting Histories, a “Special Child,” ADHD, and Everyday Family Life

Focusing on one family from a study of dual-earner middle-class families carried out in Los Angeles, California, this article draws on interview and video-recorded data of everyday interactions to explore illness and healing as embedded in the microcultural context of the Morris family. For this family, an important aspect of what is at stake for them in their daily lives is best understood by focusing on 9-year-old Mark, who has been diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In this article, we grapple with the complexity of conveying some sense of how Mark’s condition is experienced and relationally enacted in everyday contexts. Through illuminating connections between lives as lived and lives as told, we explore the narrative structuring of healing in relation to Mark’s local moral world with the family at its center. We examine how his parents understand the moral consequences of the child’s past for his present and future, and work to encourage others to give due weight to his troubled beginnings before this child joined the Morris family. At the same time, we see how the Morris parents act to structure Mark’s moral experience and orient to a desired future in which Mark’s “success” includes an appreciation of how he is accountable to others for his actions. Through our analyses, we also seek to contribute to discussions on what is at stake in everyday life contexts for children with ADHD and their families, through illuminating aspects of the cultural, moral and relational terrain that U.S. families navigate in contending with a child’s diagnosis of ADHD. Further, given that ADHD is often construed as a “disorder of volition,” we seek to advance anthropological theorizing about the will in situations where volitional control over behavior is seen to be disordered.
Do Differences in Heterogeneity and Intergovernmental Competition Help Explain Variation in the Private School Share? Evidence From Early California Statehood

This essay documents the persistent tnterstate and mtrastate differences in private Abstract school enrollment shares in the United States and argues that heterogeneity of the population and the extent of intergovernmental competition could be important factors in explaining these differences. To further explore this argument, this article considers determmants of the public and private school shares in the early days of California statehood. Measures of the heterogeneity of school distncts, of the resultant ability of districts to provide publccly the optimal amount of education for the majority of their residents, and of the extent of intergovernmental competition are shown to explain a sIgnificant portion of the variation across California counties in the public and private shares. Furthermore, simulation results indicate that these determinants of private school demand played an important role in the evolution of the equilibrium public and pnvate shares in the early years of California statehood.
Properties of polyphenol oxidase from Anamur banana (Musa cavendishii)

Abstract Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) was extracted from Anamur banana, grown in Turkey, and its characteristics were studied. The optimum temperature for banana PPO activity was found to be 30 °C. The pH-activity optimum was 7.0. From the thermal inactivation studies, in the range 60–75 °C, the half-life values of the enzyme ranged from 7.3 to 85.6 min. The activation energy (Ea) and Z values were calculated to be 155 kJ mol−1 and 14.2 °C, respectively. Km and Vmax values were 8.5 mM and 0.754 OD410 min−1, respectively. Of the inhibitors tested, ascorbic acid and sodium metabisulphite were the most effective.
Quality Assessment in Higher Education: the Scottish Experience

Quality assessment has been a feature of higher education in Scotland for the academic years from 1992 to 1996. As part of a review of its quality assessment procedures, the Scottish Higher Education Funding Council commissioned a survey of perceptions of the process, both amongst those involved in conducting the assessment and those subject to it. The aims of this paper are firstly to present the profile of opinion amongst 366 respondents to the questionnaire and secondly to investigate whether any patterns are discernible within this group by examining whether TQA is viewed differently by different constituencies within the academic community. Implications for the future direction of quality assessment are discussed.
'When the city is a great field hospital': the influenza pandemic of 1918 and the New York city nursing response.

Aims and objectives. To describe and analyse the nurses’ role in responding to the influenza epidemic in New York City in 1918. Background. Today the world is facing the threat of pandemic avian influenza and there is renewed interest in lessons learned from the influenza pandemic of 1918, one of the deadliest disease outbreaks recorded in history. Much of the published history has been written from a medical or military perspective. No comprehensive account of nursing’s role has been written. Design. A social history framework was used. Methods. Traditional historical methods were used for data collection, data immersion, the development of a chronology and themes. Critical analysis of social, political and economic context was also done. Primary sources included the Lillian D. Wald papers at the New York Public Library, newspapers, journal articles and other archival data. Results. In 1918, New York City nurses provided care to thousands of patients. They did so with minimal federal support, relying on local community agencies to establish makeshift hospitals and provide soup kitchens. The Henry Street Visiting Nurses, assisted by numerous social agencies and Red Cross volunteers, visited patients in their homes and provided them with the only treatment there was: nursing care. Conclusions. In 1918, immediate cooperation among a previously established network of nursing and other social organisations and prompt cooperation with the American Red Cross and the United States Public Health Service was essential to New York City’s response to the crisis. Relevance to clinical practice. Should an influenza pandemic occur today, as many as a billion people could fall ill. Shortages of antiviral drugs, the speed with which the pandemic could occur and its widespread effects are such that nursing, public health and medical professionals will need to rely on local personnel and supplies. Immediate cooperation and collaboration among federal, state and local organizations will be essential to the response.
Oropharyngeal Lesions and Trauma in Children

Oropharyngeal trauma is common in the pediatric population. Most of these injuries are self-limited, do not require repair, and heal without complications. Because of the presence of teeth and important adjacent structures within the head and neck, some of these injuries will require acute intervention and subspecialty consultation in the emergency department. Emergency care providers must also be cognizant of injuries to the head, neck, and face as a potential hallmark for child abuse. This article reviews common oropharyngeal lesions that occur in children, including trauma, and the management of these conditions, including techniques for orofacial nerve blocks.
Collagen metabolism in the pulps of rat teeth.

Summary The incorporation of [ 3 H]-proline into the pulp of rat teeth was studied using microchemical techniques. The specific activity of hydroxyproline was higher in the incisor than molar pulps. However, the specific activity in the molar pulp was still considerably higher than in other oral tissues such as periodontal ligament, suggesting that there is a very high metabolic activity in the collagen pool of the dental pulp.
Splash, pop, sizzle: Information processing with phononic computing

Phonons, the quanta of mechanical vibration, are important to the transport of heat and sound in solid materials. Recent advances in the fundamental control of phonons (phononics) have brought into prominence the potential role of phonons in information processing. In this review, the many directions of realizing phononic computing and information processing are examined. Given the relative similarity of vibrational transport at different length scales, the related fields of acoustic, phononic, and thermal information processing are all included, as are quantum and classical computer implementations. Connections are made between the fundamental questions in phonon transport and phononic control and the device level approach to diodes, transistors, memory, and logic.
Plant DMA topoisomerase I is recognized and inhibited by human Scl-70 sera autoantibodies

Type I topoisomerases (EC 5.99.1.2) are those enzymes capable of relaxing negatively supercoiled DNA without the need for ATP. The central role played by these enzymes in cell function suggests that the structure of type I topoisomerases may be highly conserved in eukaryotic cells. However, the extent of the conservation among eukaryotes is unknown. Human DNA topoisomerase I is an autoimmune antigen (Scl-70) of scleroderma patients. We have found that the autoimmune antibodies in human Scl-70 sera recognize protein from various plants, and these proteins display DNA relaxation function. In addition, Scl-70 antibodies were able to inhibit enzymatic activity of plant topoisomerase I. Therefore, the immunological cross-reactivity of the plant topoisomerase with human antibodies demonstrates that, despite divergence of eukaryotic organisms, these plant and animal enzymes retain structurally similar enzymatic features.
Spatial and temporal evolution of the photoinitiation rate for thick polymer systems illuminated by polychromatic light: selection of efficient photoinitiators for LED or mercury lamps

BACKGROUND: Four common free radical photoinitiators were evaluated for use in thick photopolymerizations illuminated with a medium-pressure 200 W mercury–xenon arc lamp and a high-intensity 400 nm light-emitting diode (LED) lamp. For each photoinitiator/lamp combination, the spatial and temporal evolution of the photoinitiation rate profile was analyzed by solving the set of differential equations that govern the light intensity gradient and initiator concentration gradient for polychromatic illumination. RESULTS: The simulation results revealed that two of the four photoinitiators evaluated were ineffective for photoinitiating thick polymer systems. The photoinitiator bis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)-phenylphosphine oxide, in combination with the 400 nm LED lamp, was shown to be the most efficient photoinitiator/light source combination for photoinitiation of thick systems. CONCLUSION: The results show that some photoinitiators commonly used for photopolymerization of thin coatings are ineffective for curing thick systems. LED light sources provide advantages over traditional mercury lamps, and may have tremendous potential in the effective photoinitiation of thick polymer systems. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Fate of incorrectly addressed mailed questionnaires

Abstract Mail surveys are a widely used and often inexpensive method for conducting epidemiologic studies, but may suffer from poor response rates. Some of this non-response may be due to letters that never reach study subjects rather than nonparticipation. We mailed letters to invalid addresses and to fictitious occupants at valid addresses in order to determine the proportion of letters that were not returned to us by the postal service as undeliverable. All letters mailed to invalid addresses were returned, whereas 13.3% (95% Cl 2.0–24.7%) of letters sent to fictitious occupants were not. Because some undeliverable mail is not returned, investigators may erroneously assume nonresponse for some subjects who never have the opportunity to participate.
Differential regulation of prostacyclin and thromboxane by dexamethasone and celecoxib during oxidative stress in newborn rabbits

Abstract To compare the effects of dexamethasone (Dex) and celecoxib (Cel) on F-isoprostane, prostacyclin (PGI 2 ), and thromboxane A 2 (TxA 2 ) following hyperoxia, and hyperoxia followed by recovery in room air (RA), newborn rabbits were exposed to hyperoxia (80–100% oxygen) for 4 days, during which they were treated with saline (Sal, i.m.), Dex (i.m.), vehicle (Veh, PO), or Cel (PO, n =12 per group). Six animals in each group were sacrificed immediately following hyperoxia, and the remainder allowed to recover in RA for 5 days. The control litters were treated simultaneously in RA with all conditions other than atmospheric oxygen being identical. Blood samples were assayed for 8-epi-prostaglandin F 2α (8-epi-PGF 2α ), 6-keto prostaglandin F 1α (6-ketoPGF 1α ), and TxB 2 . Dex and Cel decreased 8-epi-PGF 2α during hyperoxia and the recovery period. Dex increased 6-ketoPGF 1α following hyperoxia, while similar increments were noted during recovery with Cel. Although TxB 2 was decreased only during the recovery period, TxB 2 /6-ketoPGF 1α ratio was lower during hyperoxia and recovery in both treated groups. The effect of Cel on 8-epi-PGF 2α and TxA 2 /PGI 2 ratio confirm the formation of a COX-derived F 2 -isoprostane that is possibly linked to TxA 2 receptors. Further studies are required to examine whether Cel can be used as a therapeutic alternative to Dex for oxygen-induced injury in the newborn.
Conflicting rights to the city in New York's community gardens

In the mid-1990s, New York City initiated what would prove to be a long, highly visible struggle involving rights claims related to property, housing, and public space in the form of community gardens. The competing discourses of rights were part of a struggle over the kind of city that New York was to become, and more specifically, whether it would be one in which difference is accepted and in which access to the city and the public realm would be guaranteed. Using interviews with participants in the conflict over community gardens, we evaluate how the resolution to the gardens crisis, which in part occurred through the privatization of what are often taken to be public or community rights to land, transform not only the legal status of the gardens but also, potentially, their role as places where different `publics' can both exercise their right to the city and solidify that right in the landscape.
Direct electron transfer of ferritin adsorbed at bare gold electrodes

Abstract In this work, the direct electron transfer of ferritin adsorbed on bare gold is investigated. Clean gold electrodes were exposed to purified horse spleen ferritin in phosphate buffer at controlled potential. Cyclic voltammetry was the principal method used to investigate the reactivity of the adsorbed layer. Ferritin adsorbs at fairly negative potentials and exhibits reasonably well-defined current–potential curves. The packing density increases with ionic strength, indicating a hydrophobic interaction between adsorbed ferritin and the gold electrode surface. Potential dependent studies suggest that an electroactive layer is formed only with reduced ferritin. An adsorption time dependence study shows that a limiting packing density is reached within 90 s exposure time.
Fecundity and development of the ectoparasitic wasp Nasonia vitripennis are dependent on host quality

The gregarious, ectoparasitoid Nasonia vitripennis (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) was offered pupae representing seven fly species, but only members of two families (Sarcophagidae and Muscidae) were parasitized. Host acceptance as an oviposition site did not imply host suitability for parasitoid growth: N. vitripennis produced fewer progeny, a higher proportion of males, required a longer development time, and produced smaller adult wasps on Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae) than on the three sarcophagid species tested [Sarcophaga bullata Parker, S. crassipalpis Macquart, and Peckia abnormis (Enderlein) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae)]. The physiological and nutritional status of a preferred host, S. bullata, influenced oviposition behavior and development of N. vitripennis. Progeny allocation and sex ratio, which were regulated by the female parasitoid during oviposition, differed on living and dead nondiapausing hosts and on diapausing pupae. Differences in the host's nutritional condition was reflected in changes of the wasp's development time and adult body size. Envenomation was essential for successful development of the parasitoid on nondiapausing hosts, but venom injection by N. vitripennis did not increase the suitability of diapausing or dead pupae. The results suggest that wasp development is enhanced by changes induced in the host by parasitism.
Excitation of waves and mean currents in a stratified fluid due to a moving heat source

Wenn eine Warmequelle, z. B. eine Flamme, unter einer Schicht homogener Flussigkeit bewegt wird, so kann eine mittlere Geschwindigkeit in der Flussigkeit verursacht werden, und zwar entgegengesetzt zur Bewegungsrichtung der Flamme.
An open source LABVIEW platform for simulating image series of fluorescent microtubules in gliding assays

We describe an open-source LabVIEW software platform for generating simulated images of microtubules in gliding motility assays. We describe how the software works and how to obtain the software.
Effect of obesity on survival in epithelial ovarian cancer.

BACKGROUND. Epidemiologic studies suggest that obese women are more likely to die of ovarian cancer than those of ideal body weight, but it is not known whether increased incidence, comorbidities common to obese women, or altered tumor biology is responsible for this difference. The current study attempted to determine the influence of excess body weight on ovarian cancer survival, disease progression, and clinicopathologic factors. METHODS. The records of patients undergoing surgery for epithelial ovarian cancer at Cedars Sinai Medical Center between January 1, 1996 and June 30, 2003 were reviewed for height, weight, age, comorbidities, and treatment-specific details. Statistical analyses included the Fisher exact test, Kaplan-Meier survival, and Cox regression analyses. RESULTS. In all, 216 patients were identified. Eight percent were underweight (body mass index [BMI] < 18.5), 50% were ideal body weight (18.5 ≤ BMI < 25), 25% were overweight (25 ≤ BMI < 30), and 16% were obese (BMI ≥ 30). Age, comorbidities including coronary artery disease and venous thromboembolism, and rates of optimal surgical cytoreduction were similar among BMI strata. Diabetes and hypertension were more common in obese women. Ten (29%) of the obese patients had International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) Stage I disease, compared with 19 (10%) of the patients with BMI < 30 (P = .01). In a subcohort of 149 patients with Stage III or IV disease, a significant trend was identified favoring increased BMI as an independent negative factor for disease-free (P = .02) and overall (P = .02) survival. CONCLUSIONS. Obese patients were more likely to have disease limited to the ovaries. For patients with advanced stage disease, obesity was independently associated with both shorter time to recurrence and shorter overall survival. These findings suggest an effect of excess body weight on tumor biology, and studies are under way to elucidate the molecular and hormonal mechanisms underlying these clinical observations. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Is Marriage for Anyone

Two recent books on marriage—Is Marriage for White People? by Ralph Richard Banks and Unhitched by Judith Stacey—are considered in this review essay by sociologist Micki McGee. Banks argues that the decline of marriage among African American women constitutes a social problem that could be remedied if more women from this group opted for interracial marriages. Stacey’s cross-cultural study contends that marriage is an institution that attempts the near impossible task of reconciling the goals of domesticity with those of erotic life, and that in the process an extraordinary range of marital arrangements have emerged. Taken together these arguments ask us to consider who marriage serves.
Dynamics of a bio-reactor model with chemotaxis

Long time dynamics of solutions to a strongly coupled system of parabolic equations modeling the competition in bio-reactors with chemotaxis will be studied. In particular, we show that the dynamical system possesses a global attractor and that it is strongly uniformly persistent if the trivial steady state is unstable. Using a result of Smith and Waltman on perturbation of global attractors, we also show that the positive steady state is unique and globally attracting.
Isolation of I-A subregion-like molecules from subhuman primates and man.

Immune response-associated (Ia) molecules play a major part in cellular interactions that initiate an immune response. Two families of Ia molecules, determined by the I–A and I–E subregions of the murine major histocompatibility complex (MHC), have been isolated and characterized in mice1. I–A and I–E molecules each consist of two polypeptide chains (molecular weights (Mrs) of 26,000 and 35,000 for I–A and 24,000 and 32,000 for I–E) that are noncovalently associated2. Their large subunits are designated Aα and Eα, respectively, and their small subunits Aβ and Eβ. Despite the similarity in their subunit composition, the I–A and I–E molecules are structurally distinct according to peptide mapping and partial N-terminal sequence analysis3,4. Although the structural homologue of murine I–E molecules has been identified in man and is known as HLA-DR5, the I–A equivalent has never been described. In an attempt to identify the human analogue of the murine I–A molecule, murine monoclonal antibodies were produced after immunization with a mixture of three putative human cell lines. We report here that one of these antibodies reacts with I–A-like molecules from two cell lines, GM3158, which after karyotype analysis was shown to have originated not from man but from a marmoset, and GM3163, a cell line of human origin.
Virtual reality, immersion, and the unforgettable experience

Virtual reality has been in the public eye for nearly forty years. Its early promise was vast: worlds we could visit and live in, if we could bend the technology to our desires. Progress was made, but along the way the original directions and challenges of fully immersive VR took a back seat to more ubiquitous technology such as games that provided many of the same functions. What was lost in this transition was the potential for VR to become a stage for encounters that are meaningful, those experiences that tap into what it means to be human. This paper describes examples of such experiences using VR technology and puts forward several avenues of thought concerning how we might reinvigorate these types of VR explorations.
A new class of nonlinear robust adaptive controllers

Recently, a new class of adaptive control schemes, motivated from nonlinear systems theory, has been proposed for minimum phase linear time invariant plants. Under certain assumptions on the plant transfer function, these schemes guarantee uniform signal boundedness and good transient and steady-state response for the regulation or tracking error. Despite the good performance properties of the proposed schemes, their practicality relies very much on their robustness properties with respect to plant model uncertainties. These robustness properties have to be established and understood for application purposes. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the stability properties of this new class of adaptive controllers in the presence of ‘ reasonable’ classes of plant model uncertainties. We first indicate that the same non-robust behaviour that appears in the case of the traditional adaptive controllers without modifications may be exhibited by this new class of adaptive controller. We then propose design mod...
Fundamental Difference of Power Handling Between CE and CB HBTs

Fundamental power handling of common-emitter (CE) and common-base (CB) (SiGe) power HBTs is compared by measuring their dynamic load lines under large-signal operation with input and output matched for maximum output power (Pout). The distinct difference of load lines indicates the fundamental different power amplification mechanisms between the two configurations. It is shown that under voltage-source bias the CE configuration always provides higher (saturated) output power (Pout) than the CB configuration, while higher power gain and power added efficiency (PAE) could be obtained from the CB configuration than the CE configuration before entering the power saturation region
POPULATION DYNAMICS FOR SPIN-POLARON-PAIRS IN HIGH-Tc SUPERCONDUCTORS

A study of the population dynamics for spin-polaron-pairs in high-Tc superconductors is presented. A particular population dynamical model and its appropriateness is discussed. Numerical results are obtained for the x-dependence of the critical temperature using the logistic growth model and a good concordance with experimental data has been obtained for Tc as a function of x for La2 − xSrxCuO4. A discussion of various aspects and implications of the model is given.
In vivo discontinuous DNA synthesis in Ehrlich ascites tumours.

VARIOUS models of DNA replication are based primarily on evidence drawn from microbiological systems1–6. Among these, a discontinuous mechanism1 seems to fit events observed in mammalian cells7–12; this involves the initiation and synthesis of small 5–10S single stranded DNA chains at numerous starting points along a template. Integration of newly initiated chains into larger DNA molecules then occurs by a sequence of tandem ligations. In vivo Ehrlich ascites tumours, grown intraperitoneally in mice, provide an opportunity for the study of early sequences in DNA biosynthesis because of the sharp “self-chase” characteristics of these cells. This has been shown for the utilization of uridine and cytidine13, verified in this laboratory by R. J. R. and E. Dowden, and extended by us to the uptake and incorporation of deoxythymidine (dThd) which permitted the direct observation of the formation and fate of new DNA chains.
Collisional redistribution of radiation. III. The equation of motion for the correlation function and the scattered spectrum

We present a calculation of the scattering of monochromatic radiation by a degenerate atom in the binary-collision approximation. We limit ourselves to field strengths such that $\ensuremath{\Omega}{\ensuremath{\tau}}_{c}\ensuremath{\ll}1$, where $\ensuremath{\Omega}$ is the Rabi frequency for the atomic transition, and ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{c}$ is the duration of a strong collision. Our calculation is not limited to the impact regime, $\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\omega}\ensuremath{\ll}{\ensuremath{\tau}}_{c}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, or to the region where thermal correlations may be neglected, i.e., $\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\omega}\ensuremath{\ll}\frac{\mathrm{kT}}{\ensuremath{\hbar}}$. (Here $\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\omega}$ is the difference between either the incoming or outgoing photon's frequency and the atom's natural frequency.) To do this we derive an equation of motion for the correlation function, valid outside the quantum-regression regime, whose solution for practical cases is straightforward. We present solutions for the weak-field (linear-response) regime in terms of generalized absorption and emission profiles that depend on the indices of the atomic multipoles created.
Hallucinations or Dreams? A Study of Arousal Levels and Reported Visual Sensations during Sensory Deprivation

The primary purpose of the study was to assess the level of arousal prior to the time visual sensations were reported in sensory deprivation conditions. Concurrent recordings of EEG, GSR and verbal reports were obtained from 22 female Ss who spent 1 hr. in sensory deprivation. Ten Ss who reported experiencing visual sensations noted that they were awake or, in a few cases, drowsy at the time of their experience. Examination of their EEG records prior to the reports confirmed their impressions. Ss who reported visual sensations made more verbal reports of other kinds, and reported more anxiety, depression, hostility, and somatic discomfort during the sensory deprivation period. The evidence does not support the “postponed dream report” explanation of RVS phenomena.
Stability of Retinyl Palmitate During Cooking and Storage in Rice Fortified with Ultra RiceTM Fortification Technology

Rice fortified with Ultra RiceTM (UR) containing retinyl palmitate (RP) was tested as a potential vehicle for vitamin A delivery. After UR was mixed with a long grain rice at the ratio of 1 to 99 (w/w), the stability of RP in the rice mixture was studied during cooking and storage for 6 mo. After cooking, the percent retention range of RP was 75 to 87, depending upon the cooking methods. The stability of RP in the rice stored at 2 different temperatures and relative humidities (RH) appeared to be more affected by temperature than RH. Therefore, under tropical conditions, rice fortified with RP might require special handling to avoid significant RP losses.
Exchange Rates and Fundamentals: A New Look at the Evidence on Long-Horizon Predictability

A widely held view in finance is that there is predictability in stock returns, bond returns, and exchange rates and that this predictability increases with the forecast horizon. Conventional tests for long horizon predictability may reject the null too frequently when the predictor variable is highly persistent and endogenous and there are overlapping observations creating unintended autocorrelation errors. We use a recently developed econometric technique to investigate predictability in short versus long horizon exchange rates. This procedure negates the historical bane of overlapping data i.e., the autocorrelation problem. This metric has strong and stable asymptotic properties even in small samples. We conduct extensive examination across a broad spectrum of time horizons, and find that the evidence for predictability is not as strong as previously stated.
Traction forces and subcellular structure imaged in contracting and locomoting cells

One of the principle ways that cells interact with their environment is by exerting mechanical forces. In order to understand the generation and application of forces by cells, the location, direction and magnitude of forces applied to a surface must be known and these related to dynamic cellular structures. Light microscopy is the method of choice for simultaneous measurements of these quantities, and therefore the surface must have suitable optical properties. These challenges have been approached by imaging cellular and cytoskeletal dynamics in living cells along with strain produced by traction forces in transparent silicone rubber substrata. The silicone has an index of refraction very similar to glass, facilitating many types of optical microscopy. Fluorescence microscopy was used to study cytoskeletal dynamics in fibroblasts by microinjecting a fluorescent analog of the motor protein myosin II. Cell- substratum contacts were studied by interference contrast microscopy (IRM), and cell morphology was monitored by Nomarski Differential Interference Contrast (DIC). Changes in traction force at cell-substratum contacts correlated strongly with assembly of myosin into the cytoskeleton. An important optical property of the silicone rubber used here allows its mechanical properties to be matched to the cells under study: illumination by UV light increases compliance, permitting measurement of forces in the range of nanonewtons to micronewtons during cell locomotion, contraction, and division.© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Facilities layout design optimization with single loop material flow path configuration

Abstract Here we formulate the facilities layout design optimization problem for a single loop material flow path configuration. Because of the NP-bard nature of the overall search space, we employ a genetic approach to sample the decomposed search spaces. In addition we analyse the following features of the problem: (1) we estimate lower bounds for the unidirectional flow problem along the loop by analysing the bidirectional flow problem; (2) we intelligently sample the search space by designing a knowledge-augmented genetic operator for layout cases with very low flow path dominance because the regular genetic search does not perform very well in such cases; and (3) we exploit qualitative constraints for reducing travel distances in highly circuitous flow paths.