cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Influence of host protein nutrition on the response of various tumors to ionizing radiation.

SummaryThe response of various transplantable tumors to a fractionated course of radiation therapy has been studied in host mice and rats fed different levels of dietary protein. The parameters employed in evaluating the effect of diet have been: (a) tumor growth, (b) tumor cure, and (c) host survival time. The tumor used in these studies most genetically divergent from its host (Sarcoma 180) showed the most striking response to diet and radiation. Tumors less divergent from their hosts were markedly less responsive. It is proposed that the varying responses obtained in these studies can be explained on the basis of the protein reserves of the host, and the genetic composition of the tumor with respect to its host and the resulting immunological consequences.
Multivariate analysis suggests improved perioperative outcome in Crohn's disease patients receiving immunomodulator therapy after segmental resection and/or strictureplasty.

Background Medical management of moderate to severe Crohn's disease (CD) using immunomodulator agents has not eliminated surgical treatment of disease complications. The effect of improved medical treatment on perioperative CD surgical outcome is not known. We analyzed the impact of immunomodulator therapy on the rate of intraabdominal septic complications (IASC) in CD patients undergoing bowel reanastomosis or strictureplasty. Methods Surgical outcome was reviewed in 100 consecutive CD patients who underwent segmental resection with primary anastomosis or strictureplasty between 1998 and 2002. Multivariate analysis was performed to determine the effect of immunomodulator therapy on rate of IASC (intraabdominal abscess, anastomotic leak, or enterocutaneous fistulae). Immunomodulator agents included azathioprine, 6-MP, methotrexate, and infliximab. Results IASC developed in 11 of 100 (11%) operations. Immunomodulator use was associated with fewer IASC (4/72 procedures; 5.6%), compared with 7/28 (25%) cases with patients not on therapy (P<.01). IASC were not influenced by steroid use, smoking status, preoperative abscess, or fistula or albumin levels. Immunomodulator use did not affect the length of resection or the rate and number of strictureplasties. Conclusion Medical management with immunomodulator therapy is safe and significantly decreases postoperative IASC in CD patients undergoing surgical procedures requiring bowel anastomosis or strictureplasty.
American sports across the Americas

Looking at the interaction of sports between the United States and Latin America reveals that North American sports have arrived throughout the Western Hemisphere via various carriers and have been accepted or rejected based on a combination of their intrinsic and extrinsic qualities. Rejection or resistance has rarely been hostile or violent; acceptance has often been marked by adaptation to local environment and culture. Latinos and Latin Americans have also had a reciprocal impact on North American sports as seen in the performance of individual athletes in the US, in the style of play in such sports as baseball and soccer, and in the practice of a few imported sports.
Clearance of 51Cr-labeled endotoxin from hemolymph of actively immunized Galleria mellonella

Abstract The rate of clearance from the hemolymph and the fate of radioactively labeled endotoxin in actively immunized wax moth larvae was studied. Endotoxin content of the serum dropped to 35% during the first 9 hr after injection of 10 μg. By 48 hr, approximately 15% remained in the hemolymph. Dissection of larvae revealed numerous melanized cysts throughout the hemocoel. These contained a high percentage of the total radioactivity. The final deposition of the label appeared to be in the insect's cuticle. Length measurements of the pellet were made after centrifugation of hemolymph in a 25 μl capillary tube. The measurements changed drastically after treatment, the largest pellet resulting from a dosage of 0.1 μg. A 10 μg treatment reduced the pellet measurements to subnormal levels. The development of this change at the 0.1 μg level very closely resembles the rate of development of immunity in this insect.
Nafazatrom: clonogenic in-vitro assessment of activity against human malignancies.

Nafazatrom was tested against a variety of human malignancies with the human tumor stem cell assay at one or more of the following concentrations: 1, 10, 25, and 100 μg/ml × 1 h or 0.05, 0.5, or 5 μg/ml by continuous exposure. Major (≧70%) inhibition was noted in 7/52 adenocarcinomas, in 0/9 squamous carcinomas, and 1/17 other malignancies. Intermediate levels of inhibition (50 to 69%) were noted in 7/52, 4/9, and 6/17 of these respective subtypes. No clear trend toward superiority of any dose-schedule was noted. Since nafazatrom has proven non-toxic in our nearly completed Phase I study, and since this study suggests activity against several human cancers, Phase II level testing is warranted.
Seminoma metastatic to ureter

A case of metastatic seminoma to the ureter is presented. The metastasis formed a polypoid intraluminal mass that led to complete obstruction of the ureter, leading to advanced hydronephrosis of the kidney. This is the second case in the world literature of a primary testicular tumor metastasizing to the ureter.
Treatment of keratocysts: the case for decompression and marsupialization.

F m ecompression of a cyst involves any technique hat relieves the pressure within the cyst that auses it to grow. Growth of cysts is believed to ccur by a combination of osmotic pressure and ressure resorption, coupled with release of prosaglandins and growth factors. Decompression, by ny means, appears to change to environment and ecreases the amount of interleukinthat is reeased. Decompression can be performed by makng a small opening in the cyst and keeping it open ith a drain of some kind (Fig 1). Marsupializaion, on the other hand, involves converting the yst into a pouch. (The word marsupial is derived rom the Greek for “pouch”) (Fig 2). By converting he cyst to a pouch, the lesion is decompressed, but his is a more definitive treatment for the cavity and xposes the cyst lining to the oral environment. andibular cysts are normally marsupialized into he oral cavity, although maxillary cysts can also be arsupialized into the maxillary sinus or nasal cavty, as well as the oral cavity (Fig 3). Decompression and marsupialization of cysts is robably the earliest advocated treatment and was rst suggested by Partsch in the German literature n the late 19th century. In many parts of the orld, marsupialization is still described as a artsch I procedure (the Partsch II procedure is nucleation and primary closure). At the time, this ethod was put forward as the treatment of choice, ecause without antibiotics any attempt at enucletion and primary closure of a cyst was accompaied by a very high postoperative infection rate.
Transformational Leadership and Job Behaviors: The Mediating Role of Core Job Characteristics.

Although the effects of transformational leadership on task performance and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) are well-documented, the mechanisms that explain those effects remain unclear. We propose that transformational leadership is associated with the way followers view their jobs, in terms of Hackman and Oldham’s (1976) core job characteristics. Results of our study support a structural model whereby indirect effects supplement the direct effects of transformational leadership on task performance and OCB through the mechanisms of job characteristics, intrinsic motivation, and goal commitment. Additional analyses revealed that transformational leadership relationships were significantly stronger for followers who perceived highquality leader-member exchange.
Space weathering trends among carbonaceous asteroids

Abstract We present visible spectroscopic and albedo data of the 2.3 Gyr old Themis family and the 15 km) and small (⩽15 km) Themis members suggest these phyllosilicate feature and albedo trends result from regolith variations as a function of diameter. Observations of the Beagle asteroids show a small, but notable fraction of members with phyllosilicate features. The presence of phyllosilicates and the dynamical association of the main-belt comet 133P/Elst-Pizarro with the Beagle family imply the Beagle parent body was a heterogenous mixture of ice and aqueously altered minerals.
Outcomes of third heart transplants in pediatric and young adult patients: analysis of the United Network for Organ Sharing database.

Background Repeat heart transplantation (re-HTx) is standard practice in many pediatric centers. There are limited data available on outcomes of third HTx after failure of a second graft. We sought to compare outcomes of third HTx in pediatric and young adult patients with outcomes of second HTx in comparable recipients. Methods All recipients of a third HTx in whom the primary HTx occurred before 21 years of age were identified in the United Network for Organ Sharing database (1985 to 2011) and matched 1:3 with a control group of second HTx patients by age, era and re-HTx indication. Outcomes including survival, rejection and cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) were compared between groups. Results There was no difference between third HTx patients ( n = 27) and control second HTx patients ( n = 79) with respect to survival (76% vs 80% at 1 year, 62% vs 58% at 5 years and 53% vs 34% at 10 years, p = 0.75), early ( p = 0.32) or CAV (14.8% vs 30.4%, p = 0.11). Factors associated with non-survival in third HTx patients included mechanical ventilation at listing or HTx, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support at listing or HTx, and elevated serum bilirubin at HTx. Conclusions Outcomes among recipients of a third HTx are similar to those with a second HTx in matched patients, with no difference in short- or long-term survival and comparable rates of early rejection and CAV. Although the occurrence of a third HTx remains relatively rare in the USA, consideration of a third HTx appears reasonable in appropriately selected patients.
Is random model better? On its accuracy and efficiency

Inductive learning searches an optimal hypothesis that minimizes a given loss function. It is usually assumed that the simplest hypothesis that fits the data is the best approximate to an optimal hypothesis. Since finding the simplest hypothesis is NP-hard for most representations, we generally employ various heuristics to search its closest match. Computing these heuristics incurs significant cost, making learning inefficient and unscalable for large dataset. At the same time, it is still questionable if the simplest hypothesis is indeed the closest approximate to the optimal model. Recent success of combining multiple models, such as bagging, boosting and meta-learning, has greatly improved the accuracy of the simplest hypothesis, providing a strong argument against the optimality of the simplest hypothesis. However, computing these combined hypotheses incurs significantly higher cost. We first advert that as long as the error of a hypothesis on each example is within a range dictated by a given loss function, it can still be optimal. Contrary to common beliefs, we propose a completely random decision tree algorithm that achieves much higher accuracy than the single best hypothesis and is comparable to boosted or bagged multiple best hypotheses. The advantage of multiple random tree is its training efficiency as well as minimal memory requirement.
Aloha channel performance in a wireless data system employing antenna diversity receivers

In wireless data systems, Aloha channels are often used to send requests or short messages from a mobile station to the base station receiver. This paper evaluates a slotted Aloha channel with receiver antenna diversity; packets are transmitted in randomly selected time slots. The packet success-rate is studied as it relates to the carrier to noise plus interference ratio observed in each received branch. The ReFLEX Aloha channel is simulated under slow moving fading. A single cell's throughput, packet success-rate and mean number of transmission attempts per packet are presented from the simulation. The results show that as the transmission retry limit increases, the Aloha throughput decreases and the packet reliability increases. Based on these results, the number of retries can be selected to maximize the throughput for a given packet reliability. Other performance metrics such as the mean number of transmissions and mean packet delay are presented. Although the simulation results are specific to ReFLEX systems, the analysis methods and the system optimization approach can he applied to other Aloha systems.
An integrative probabilistic model for identification of structural variation in sequencing data

Paired-end sequencing is a common approach for identifying structural variation (SV) in genomes. Discrepancies between the observed and expected alignments indicate potential SVs. Most SV detection algorithms use only one of the possible signals and ignore reads with multiple alignments. This results in reduced sensitivity to detect SVs, especially in repetitive regions. We introduce GASVPro, an algorithm combining both paired read and read depth signals into a probabilistic model that can analyze multiple alignments of reads. GASVPro outperforms existing methods with a 50 to 90% improvement in specificity on deletions and a 50% improvement on inversions. GASVPro is available at http://compbio.cs.brown.edu/software.
Divergent foraging strategies of three co-occurring north Pacific flatfishes

Despite facing similar constraints imposed by the environment, significant variation in life history traits frequently exists among species generally considered to comprise a single ecological guild. For juvenile flatfishes, constraints on foraging activity include variation in light and prey availability, as well as predation risk. This paper describes the visual constraints on, and divergent foraging strategies of three co-occurring north Pacific flatfish species, northern rock sole (Lepidopsetta polyxystra), Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis), and English sole (Pleuronectes vetulus). Visual foraging abilities measured in the laboratory decreased rapidly below 10−4 μmol photons·m−2 s−1, and were similar among species. Despite similar sensory constraints, field sampling in August 2004 at a Kodiak Island nursery site (Holiday Beach, 57o41.2′ N, 152o27.7′ W) identified species differences in diets, diel foraging patterns, and within-nursery depth distributions. Northern rock sole and English sole fed primarily on bivalve siphons and polychaetes, whereas mysids dominated the diets of Pacific halibut. Northern rock sole were geographically the most widespread but feeding activity was temporally restricted to the dusk period. Pacific halibut were rare in shallow depths (<5 m) and fed most intensively prior to dusk. English sole fed throughout the daylight hours and were abundant only in the shallowest (<5 m) habitats. These differences in diets, foraging times, and habitat use appear related to previously documented species-specific behavioral characteristics as well as general spatial (increasing with depth) and temporal (increasing during foraging activity) variations in predation risk. At one extreme, the conservative behavioral strategy of northern rock sole may permit use of a broader range of foraging habitats, whereas English sole may be restricted to shallow water by limited behavioral responses to predation threat. These observations demonstrate that the appearance of habitat partitioning is not due to differences in sensory ability, but reflects multi-faceted, species-specific responses to the ecological tradeoffs between foraging and predation risks.
Investigating the Relationship Between the Content of Online Word of Mouth, Advertising, and Brand Performance

We study the relative importance of online word of mouth and advertising on firm performance over time since product introduction. The current research separates the volume of consumer-generated online word of mouth OWOM from its valence, which has three dimensions---attribute, emotion, and recommendation oriented. Firm-initiated advertising content is also classified as attribute or emotion advertising. We also shed light on the role played by advertising content on generating the different types of OWOM conversations. We use a dynamic hierarchical linear model DHLM for our analysis. The proposed model is compared with a dynamic linear model, vector autoregressive/system of equations model, and a generalized Bass model. Our estimation accounts for potential endogeneity in the key measures. Among the different OWOM measures, only the valence of recommendation OWOM is found to have a direct impact on sales; i.e., not all OWOM is the same. This impact increases over time. In contrast, the impact of attribute advertising and emotion advertising decreases over time. Also, consistent with prior research, we observe that rational messages i.e., attribute-oriented advertising wears out a bit faster than emotion-oriented advertising. Moreover, the volume of OWOM does not have a significant impact on sales. This suggests that, in our data, “what people say” is more important than “how much people say.” Next, we find that recommendation OWOM valence is driven primarily by the valence of attribute OWOM when the product is new and driven by the valence of emotion OWOM when the product is more mature. Our brand-level results help us classify brands as consumer driven or firm driven, depending on the relative importance of the OWOM and advertising measures, respectively.
Disruption of centromere assembly during interphase inhibits kinetochore morphogenesis and function in mitosis

The relationship between the kinetochore and the centromeric heterochromatin that surrounds it is unknown. Anti-centromere autoantibodies (ACAs) that recognize antigens found in the heterochromatin beneath the kinetochore disrupt mitotic events when microinjected into human cells. We show here that ACAs interfere with two different stages of centromere assembly during interphase, resulting in abnormal kinetochore structures during mitosis. Antibody injection prior to late G2 results in the subsequent failure to assemble a trilaminar kinetochore. Such chromosomes bind microtubules but are incapable of movement. Antibody disruption of events during G2 produces unstable kinetochores that prevent the normal transition into anaphase. These experiments present a novel way to examine events in the pathway of kinetochore assembly that occur during interphase, at a time when this structure cannot be visualized directly.
A single-particle/single-cell microbeam based on an isotopic alpha source

A single-cell/single-particle microbeam has been designed in which the radiation source is a high specific-activity alpha-particle emitting radioisotope, rather than a particle accelerator. The source is imaged at the focal point of a compound magnetic lens array. A novel precision microscope stage with an extremely compact design is included with the endstations locating, targeting and imaging system. This arrangement allows a 4 m long vertical beamline without any bending magnets. The permanent magnet lens design is derived from an electrostatic lens used in our laboratory in an accelerator-based microbeam. The stand-alone microbeam is expected to produce a 10 lm diameter beam, and will serve as a high-end instrument in a biology laboratory, to precisely deposit ionizing radiation damage within single cells.
Comparison of infectivities of six tick-derived isolates of Borrelia burgdorferi for rodents and ticks.

The infectivity and dissemination to the skin of six isolates of Borrelia burgdorferi were evaluated by inoculating them into groups of deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus), hamsters, and Swiss Webster mice. Rodent infection was assayed by culture of ear punch biopsy specimens taken at 4, 8, and 12 weeks postinoculation (p.i.). Spirochetes were detected in biopsy specimens from individuals of all three host species that had been inoculated with four isolates (CA3, CA4, CA7, and CA8). Ear punch biopsy specimens taken from Swiss Webster mice at 12 weeks p.i. yielded an additional reisolate (CA2), even though these animals did not seroconvert. The remaining isolate (CA9) was not recovered from any host. However, two deer mice and all hamsters and Swiss Webster mice inoculated with CA9 seroconverted. All six isolates were of low infectivity to ticks when inoculated intramuscularly into hosts. Only 4 (1.6%) of 250 Ixodes pacificus larvae acquired and transstadially maintained infection from hosts inoculated intramuscularly. Infectivity of three isolates for ticks also was tested in Swiss Webster mice injected intradermally. The mean prevalences of infection in xenodiagnostic ticks fed on these mice at 4 weeks p.i. were 47.9, 1.2, and 2.2% for isolates CA4, CA7, and CA8, respectively. The mean prevalences of infection for ticks fed on the same mice at 12 weeks p.i. were 36.4, 11.8, and 20.4%, respectively. Such differences in the infectivity and rate of dissemination of individual isolates of B. burgdorferi should be considered during studies of reservoir and vector competence.
VISUAL MORBIDITY IN THIRTY-FOUR FAMILIES WITH SCHNYDER CRYSTALLINE CORNEAL DYSTROPHY (AN AMERICAN OPHTHALMOLOGICAL SOCIETY THESIS)

Purpose To assess the findings, visual morbidity, and surgical intervention in Schnyder crystalline corneal dystrophy (SCCD).
Pain Complications of Mesh Surgery

Pelvic reconstructive surgery offers many treatments for pelvic organ prolapse. Surgical solutions include vaginal, laparoscopic, and abdominal approaches with native vaginal tissue, fascia autografts and allografts, xenografts, and synthetic absorbable and nonabsorbable mesh. Augmentation of traditional vaginal prolapse techniques using nonabsorbable synthetic mesh demonstrated low morbidity and high anatomic success when initially described. This seemingly reassuring data resulted in the rapid and widespread adoption of such techniques by Gynecologists and Urologists worldwide. Innumerable manufactured products (“kits”) for single or multiple compartment prolapse repair are available to pelvic surgeons. Mesh kits have many commonly known advantages such as tension-free placement design, simple technique that is easily repeated with minimal training, and short operative time and disadvantages including price, retraction, adherence, and the potential long-term effect of vaginal atrophy on the health of the mesh implant.
Research Priorities and Future Directions

The preceding chapters of this book emphasize how much has been learnt about PTLD in the past few decades. Yet, so much still remains to be learned. Listed below are some of the unanswered questions regarding PTLD. Each of these areas is ripe for future research and gaining new knowledge.
Peer-Led Team Learning Helps Minority Students Succeed

Active learning methods have been shown to be superior to traditional lecture in terms of student achievement, and our findings on the use of Peer-Led Team Learning (PLTL) concur. Students in our introductory biology course performed significantly better if they engaged in PLTL. There was also a drastic reduction in the failure rate for underrepresented minority (URM) students with PLTL, which further resulted in closing the achievement gap between URM and non-URM students. With such compelling findings, we strongly encourage the adoption of Peer-Led Team Learning in undergraduate Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) courses.
Abstract 2098: Synergistic lethality of mifepristone and LY294002 in ovarian cancer cells.

We have previously shown that the antiprogestin/antiglucocorticoid mifepristone inhibits the growth of ovarian cancer cells. In this work, we hypothesized that cellular stress caused by mifepristone is limited to cytostasis and that cell killing is avoided because of a compensatory activation of the PI3K/Akt survival pathway.To investigate the role of this pathway in mifepristone-induced growth inhibition, human ovarian cancer cells of various histological subtypes and genetic backgrounds were exposed to cytostatic doses of mifepristone in the presence or absence of the PI3K inhibitor, LY294002. Mifepristone-induced growth arrest of ovarian cancer cells was associated with phosphorylation of Akt (Ser473), which was prevented by treatment with LY294002. The combination mifepristone/LY294002, but not the individual drugs, killed ovarian cancer cells via apoptosis, as attested by genomic DNA fragmentation and cleavage of caspase-3, and the concomitant downregulation of anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and XIAP. From a pharmacological standpoint, when assessing cell growth inhibition using a median-dose analysis algorithm, the interaction between mifepristone and LY294002 was synergistic. The lethality caused by the combination mifepristone/LY294004 in two dimensional cell cultures was recapitulated in organized, tri-dimensional spheroids. This study demonstrates that mifepristone and LY294002, when used individually cause cell growth arrest, yet when combined, they cause lethality. This work further provides proof-of-concept that in combination, targeted cytostatic therapies can be an efficient tool to engage cancer cells in a death program. Citation Format: Stacy L. Wempe, Carlos D. Gamarra-Luques, Carlos M. Telleria. Synergistic lethality of mifepristone and LY294002 in ovarian cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2098. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2098
Oncologic efficacy of angiolytic KTP laser treatment of early glottic cancer.

Objective:Angiolytic laser removal of early glottic cancer with ultra-narrow margins was reported in a pilot study 5 years ago as an innovative surgical treatment strategy to better preserve vocal ...
Tyrosine Kinase Inhibition Regulates Early Systemic Immune Changes and Modulates the Neuroimmune Response in α-Synucleinopathy.

Objectives: Neuro-inflammation is common in α-Synucleinopathies and Tauopathies; and evidence suggests a link between the tyrosine kinase Abl and neurodegeneration. Abl upregulates α-Synuclein and promotes Tau hyper-phosphorylation (p-Tau), while Abl inhibitors facilitate autophagic clearance.Methods: A model of α-Synucleinopathy harboring human mutant A53T α-Synuclein and exhibits concomitant increase in murine p-Tau was used to determine the immunological response to Abl inhibition.Results: Age-dependent alterations of brain immunity, including loss of IL-10 and decreased levels of IL-2 and IL-3 were observed in old A53T mice. Brain CCL2 and CCL5 were decreased, but CX3CL1 remained constantly elevated. Young A53T mice exhibited differential systemic and central immune profiles in parallel with increased blood markers of adaptive immunity, suggesting an early systemic immune response. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), including nilotinib and bosutinib reduced brain and peripheral α-Synuclein and p-Tau and modulated blood immunological responses. TKIs did not affect brain IL-10, but they changed the levels of all measured blood immune markers, except CX3CL1. TKIs altered microglia morphology and reduced the number of astrocyte and dendritic cells, suggesting beneficial regulation of microglia.Conclusions: These data indicate that tyrosine kinase inhibition affects neuro-inflammation via early changes of peripheral immune profile, leading to modulation of neuro-immune response to α-Synuclein and p-Tau.
MILLING RED SWB: A TEXTILE DYE FOR STAINING EPITHELIAL INTERCELLULAR BRIDGES.

Fourteen textile dyes were evaluated as histological stains for benign and malignant tissues. An acid dye, Milling red SWB (Acid Red 114, C.I. 23635) was found to possess great affinity for epithelial intercellular bridges. The intercellular bridges were demonstrated clearly when the Milling red SWB was used as a 1% solution in 1% potassium alum after hematoxylin and, also, when methylene blue ZX (Basic Blue 9, C.I. 52015) was used as a counter-stain, without hematoxylin. The intercellular bridges could not be demonstrated in pleomorphic cells which invaded the subepithelial connective tissue.
Prediction of fat-free mass of pigs from 50 to 130 kilograms live weight.

Seventy-two Duroc x Hampshire x Yorkshire pigs were used to evaluate bioelectrical impedance procedures to predict fat-free mass of live pigs. Pigs were allotted by sex, ancestry, and weight. Pigs (12 gilts and 12 barrows) averaging 50+/-2.4 kg were slaughtered to establish a baseline for body composition. A pen of six gilts and a pen of six barrows were randomly selected for slaughter when the pen averaged either 70, 90, 110, or 130 kg. Pigs were weighed, then a four-terminal plethysmograph was used to measure resistance (omega) and reactance (omega), and length (cm) was measured between detector terminals. Pigs were slaughtered 12 h later, and carcasses were chilled for 24 h. The right side was ground twice and mixed and samples were frozen for later analyses of fat content. Actual fat-free mass (ActFFM) was determined from the weights and percentage of fat. Predicted fat-free mass (PredFFM) was calculated using the following equation: Pred FFM = .486 (live weight) - .881 (resistance) + .48 (length) + .86 (reactance) + 7.959. The correlation coefficients between ActFFM and PredFFM ranged from .66 to .91 overall. Correlation coefficients approximating slaughter weight (90 kg) were .94 (P < .02). Fat-free mass was underestimated by the prediction equation at all slaughter weights, but the predicted fat-free mass was highly correlated to the actual fat-free mass, except for the 110-kg gilts (r = .68, P = .15) and the 130-kg barrows (r = .65, P = .16). The data support the use of bioelectrical impedance to measure fat-free mass over a wide range of weights for finishing pigs.
Hydrogen-Stuffed, Quartz-like Water Ice

Through use of in situ Raman spectroscopy and single-crystal/powder X-ray diffraction, we resolve the “C0” phase structure discovered recently in the H2 + H2O system. This phase forms at ∼400 MPa and 280 K with the nominal composition (H2O)2H2 and three formula units per unit cell. The hexagonal structure is chiral, consisting of interpenetrating spiral chains of hydrogen-bonded water molecules and rotationally disordered H2 molecules, and shows topological similarities with the mineral quartz. Like other clathrate hydrates and forms of ice, the protons of H2O molecules within C0 are disordered. The large zeolite-like channels accommodate significant amounts of hydrogen (5.3% by weight) in a unique hydrogen-bonded lattice, which might be applicable to the thermodynamic conditions found on icy planetary bodies.
Preparing nursing students for enhanced roles in primary care: The current state of prelicensure and RN-to-BSN education.

Abstract Background With the current emphasis on including registered nurses (RNs) on the primary care teams, it is essential that nursing programs prepare students for employment in these settings. Purpose This study explored the current state of prelicensure and RN-to-Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) online education regarding the implementation of primary care content in the curricula. Methods A sample of 1,409 schools and/or colleges from across the United States was invited to participate in an online survey. About 529 surveys were returned for an overall response rate of 37.5%. Summative content analysis was used to analyze survey data. Discussion Although most respondents have implemented some primary care content, some found it challenging and others have demurred from incorporating primary care content altogether. Conclusion Nursing leaders and faculty in academia must collaborate with clinical partners to design and expand didactic and clinical learning experiences that emphasize primary care content in the prelicensure and RN-to-BSN education.
Big-data framework for electric vehicle range estimation

Range anxiety is a major contributor in low penetration of electric vehicles into the transportation market. Although several methods have been developed to estimate the remaining charge of the battery, the remaining driving range is a parameter that is related to different standard, historical, and real-time data. Most of the existing range estimation approaches are established on an overly simplified model that relies on a limited collection of data. However, the sensitivity and reliability of the range estimation algorithm changes under different environmental and operating conditions; and it is necessary to have a structure that is able to consider all data related to the range estimation. In this paper, we propose a big-data based range estimation framework that is able to collect different data with various structures from numerous resources; organize and analyze the data, and incorporate them in the range estimation algorithm. MATLAB/SIMULINK code is demonstrated to read real-time and historical data from different web databases and calculate the remaining driving range.
Multi-color fluorescence imaging of sub-cellular dynamics of cancer cells in live mice

We have genetically engineered dual-color fluorescent cells with one color in the nucleus and the other in the cytoplasm that enables real-time nuclear-cytoplasmic dynamics to be visualized in living cells in the cytoplasm in vivo as well as in vitro. To obtain the dual-color cells, red fluorescent protein (RFP) was expressed of the cancer cells, and green fluorescent protein (GFP) linked to histone H2B was expressed in the nucleus. Mitotic cells were visualized by whole-body imaging after injection in the mouse ear. Common carotid artery or heart injection of dual-color cells and a reversible skin flap enabled the external visualization of the dual-color cells in microvessels in the mouse where extreme elongation of the cell body as well as the nucleus occurred. The migration velocities of the dual-color cancer cells in the capillaries were measured by capturing individual images of the dual-color fluorescent cells over time. Human HCT-116-GFP-RFP colon cancer and mouse mammary tumor (MMT)-GFP-RFP cells were injected in the portal vein of nude mice. Extensive clasmocytosis (destruction of the cytoplasm) of the HCT-116-GFP-RFP cells occurred within 6 hours. The data suggest rapid death of HCT-116-GFP-RFP cells in the portal vein. In contrast, MMT-GFP-RFP cells injected into the portal vein mostly survived and formed colonies in the liver. However, when the host mice were pretreated with cyclophosphamide, the HCT-116-GFP-RFP cells also survived and formed colonies in the liver after portal vein injection. These results suggest that a cyclophosphamide-sensitive host cellular system attacked the HCT-116-GFP-RFP cells but could not effectively kill the MMT-GFP-RFP cells. With the ability to continuously image cancer cells at the subcellular level in the live animal, our understanding of the complex steps of metastasis will significantly increase. In addition, new drugs can be developed to target these newly visible steps of metastasis.
Student Perspectives of Team-Based Learning in a CS Course: Summary of Qualitative Findings

Team-Based Learning (TBL) is an active learning pedagogy that involves a substantial amount of preparation work by students. While previous work shows that objective measures of student learning outcomes improved after TBL adoption in CS, little work has been done to evaluate the students' perspectives rigorously. In this work, we present the qualitative findings from a larger mixed-methods study of student perspectives. These results suggest that most students find TBL rewarding, although there are some aspects of the pedagogy that can be frustrating and may require alteration for TBL adoption in CS.
RISK PREDICTION FOR IN-HOSPITAL MORTALITY IN WOMEN WITH ST-ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: A MACHINE LEARNING APPROACH

Background: Mortality due to ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is higher in women compared with men. We aimed to develop and validate prediction models for in-hospital mortality in women with STEMI. In particular, we compared traditional logistic regression (LR) with a machine learning
Ulk1-mediated autophagy plays an essential role in mitochondrial remodeling and functional regeneration of skeletal muscle.

Autophagy is a conserved cellular process for degrading aggregate proteins and dysfunctional organelle. It is still debatable if autophagy and mitophagy (a specific process of autophagy of mitochon...
Targeting S-adenosylmethionine biosynthesis with a novel allosteric inhibitor of Mat2A

S-Adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) is an enzyme cofactor used in methyl transfer reactions and polyamine biosynthesis. The biosynthesis of SAM from ATP and L-methionine is performed by the methionine adenosyltransferase enzyme family (Mat; EC 2.5.1.6). Human methionine adenosyltransferase 2A (Mat2A), the extrahepatic isoform, is often deregulated in cancer. We identified a Mat2A inhibitor, PF-9366, that binds an allosteric site on Mat2A that overlaps with the binding site for the Mat2A regulator, Mat2B. Studies exploiting PF-9366 suggested a general mode of Mat2A allosteric regulation. Allosteric binding of PF-9366 or Mat2B altered the Mat2A active site, resulting in increased substrate affinity and decreased enzyme turnover. These data support a model whereby Mat2B functions as an inhibitor of Mat2A activity when methionine or SAM levels are high, yet functions as an activator of Mat2A when methionine or SAM levels are low. The ramification of Mat2A activity modulation in cancer cells is also described.
Chronic Mild Stress Impairs Latent Inhibition and Induces Region-Specific Neural Activation in CHL1-Deficient Mice, a Mouse Model of Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by abnormal processing of information and attentional deficits. Schizophrenia has a high genetic component but is precipitated by environmental factors, as proposed by the ‘two-hit’ theory of schizophrenia. Here we compared latent inhibition as a measure of learning and attention, in CHL1-deficient mice, an animal model of schizophrenia, and their wild-type littermates, under no-stress and chronic mild stress conditions. All unstressed mice as well as the stressed wild-type mice showed latent inhibition. In contrast, CHL1-deficient mice did not show latent inhibition after exposure to chronic stress. Differences in neuronal activation (c-Fos-positive cell counts) were noted in brain regions associated with latent inhibition: Neuronal activation in the prelimbic/infralimbic cortices and the nucleus accumbens shell was affected solely by stress. Neuronal activation in basolateral amygdala and ventral hippocampus was affected independently by stress and genotype. Most importantly, neural activation in nucleus accumbens core was affected by the interaction between stress and genotype. These results provide strong support for a ‘two-hit’ (genes x environment) effect on latent inhibition in CHL1-deficient mice, and identify CHL1-deficient mice as a model of schizophrenia-like learning and attention impairments.
Exercise right heart catheterization for pulmonary hypertension identified on screening echocardiography in adult survivors of childhood cancer: A report from the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort.

Pulmonary hypertension, determined noninvasively by tricuspid regurgitant jet velocity on Doppler echocardiography, was previously identified in 25% of long-term survivors who received chest-directed radiotherapy. To validate noninvasively defined pulmonary hypertension, survivors (mean age 48 years), exposed to chest radiotherapy, underwent right heart catheterization with planned cardiopulmonary exercise testing during catheterization. Eight participants had an elevated mean pulmonary artery pressure at rest (≥25 mm Hg) or with subsequent exercise (>30 mm Hg), evidence of hemodynamically confirmed pulmonary hypertension by right heart catheterization. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing further defined the magnitude and etiology of cardiopulmonary limitations in this life-threatening late effect.
Understanding Williams-Yulee v. The Florida Bar and its implications for freedom of speech in judicial elections

ABSTRACTThis article discusses the US Supreme Court’s 2015 decision in Williams-Yulee v. The Florida Bar and its potential implications for judicial candidate speech and judicial elections. Based in part on a survey of cases involving restrictions on judicial candidate speech decided before and after Williams-Yulee, the article argues that Williams-Yulee effectively overruled the Court’s earlier decision in Republican Party of Minnesota v. White, by weakening the strict scrutiny test that White applied to judicial candidate speech regulations. Specifically, Williams-Yulee weakened White’s version of strict scrutiny by removing the demand that the government demonstrate the effectiveness of its speech-regulating policies in achieving its goals, and by embracing a more permissive form of inclusivity analysis. This weaker version of strict scrutiny could facilitate government interference in the public education process that occurs during judicial elections, which is a process that affects citizens’ propensi...
Each vs. jeweils : a cover-based view on distance distributivity

Zimmermann [2002] identifies two kinds of distance-distributive items across languages. The first kind (e.g. each) is restricted to distribution over individuals; the second kind (e.g. German jeweils) can also be interpreted as distributing over salient occasions. I explain this behavior by formally relating this split to the two distributivity operators proposed in the work of Link (atomic operator) and Schwarzschild (cover-based operator), which I reformulate in a Neo-Davidsonian framework.
On Some Fuzzy Binary Relations Related to Implication Functions

MAX and MIN operations are two extreme cases of aggregation procedures in the problem of synthesizing implication functions. In this paper, we study a particular class of so-called product implication functions and characterize completely implication functions obtained as results of MAX and MIN aggregations.
Hearts and Faces: A Study in the Measurement of Emotion

Like many areas of psychological inquiry, the study of emotion and emotional development is cyclical. Relatively stagnant since the 1930s, there is currently a resurgence of interest and research in this area. As is often the case, this new research has rekindled old controversies and issues relevant to the study of emotion, in general, as well as raising many new issues pertinent to the study of emotional development. As one examines emotional responses from a developmental perspective, the traditional problems of definition and measurement take on new importance.
Recent Calcified Halimedaceae

Five Recent genera of Halimedaceae, namely Halimeda,Penicillus, Rhipocephalus, Tydemania, and Udotea calcify. Only Halimeda and Udotea, the genera with more than 10 species, are widely distributed in the tropical Atlantic, Indian and Pacific oceans, but Halimeda alone produces extensive populations worldwide making it globally significant. Because of the essentially tropical distribution of all 5 taxa they can be considered strong indicators of tropical environments.
Respiratory Control in Andean and Himalayan High-Altitude Natives

studies of the high-altitude natives in the South American Andes focused attention for the first time on aspects of respiratory adaptation that were different from those of sojourners at the same high altitude (4, 9, 12, 28; see also 7, 14, 15). Previously it was thought that the level of adaptation in the fully acclimatized sojourners would be the same as in the native high-altitude residents (1; see also 9). To understand high-altitude adaptation, researchers at the Andean Institute of Biology in Peru compared sea-level natives and high-altitude natives in their own respective environments. Recently respiratory control has gained particular attention because of the striking observation that the adult natives of high altitude ventilate less at a given resting metabolic rate so that their partial pressure of carbon dioxide in alveolar gas (PaCO2) is higher and partial pressure of oxygen in alveolar gas (PaO2) lower (4, 13, 14). It was also established that hyperpnea of exercise was less in the high-altitude natives than in the sojourners (14, 15).
Medicine and Skepticism: Martín Martínez (1684–1734)

It is well known that the practice of medicine and philosophical skepticism have gone hand in hand at several points in history. Our major source for ancient skepticism, Sextus Empiricus, was a physician. So were Francisco Sanches, author of Quod nihil scitur (1581), and the German skeptic Ernst Platner (1744–1818)1. But it is not well known that Martin Martinez, Royal Physician in Madrid and President of the Royal Academy of Seville in the early eighteenth century, was a self-described skeptical physician. Nor is it widely known what that is supposed to mean.
Older Transplant Recipients; Older Transplant Donors - What Are the Issues?

The explosion in the incidence of ESRD in older individuals mandates a greater integration of geriatric knowledge into the practice of nephrology. Patients over 65 years old made up 40% of the ESRD population in 1989, a fraction that rose to 53% in 1993, and is expected to exceed 66-65% by the year 2000 [1]. This trend, along with the crisis in donor-organ supply, has had a major impact on renal transplantation and has affected our decisions concerning renal transplant recipients, and both cadaveric and living donors. I shall now address these three areas.
Genetic Services for Foster Children: An Unmet Need?.

The genetics revolution has significant ramifications for child welfare. An overview of genetic disorders and of the expanding array of genetic services is given. Findings of an exploratory study of the proportion of children in out-of-home care in two cities who had diagnosed genetic disorders and who met criteria for referral to genetic services, and utilization of genetic services are presented. The findings suggest that genetic services that might be beneficial to foster children and their biological families are not being offered. Implications for foster care are discussed.
Residential adjustment and gentrification in Los Angeles, 2000–2015: theoretical arguments and empirical evidence

ABSTRACTKnowledge-intensive economic resurgence and social restratification are evidently reshaping the intra-urban space of Los Angeles .In particular, the expansion of white-collar employment is ...
Topological Control of Polystyrene-Silica Core-Shell Microspheres

Controllable surface morphology is requisite across a gamut of processes, industries, and applications. The surface morphology of silica-coated polystyrene microspheres was controllably modified to enable generation of both smooth and bumpy, or raspberry-like, surfaces. Although smooth and raspberry-like silica shells on polystyrene templates have been demonstrated extensively, the method described here used readily available materials to produce radical changes in surface morphology from a single polystyrene template coated in silica through a facile sol-gel reaction processes. Silica shells were deposited via a sol-gel process (using tetraethyl orthosilicate as the silica precursor) onto 1 to 2 μm diameter anionic polystyrene spheres, fabricated by emulsifier-free polymerization. By varying of the concentration of silica precursor and ammonium hydroxide catalyst and altering the electrostatic surface interactions via addition of a cationic polymeric brush, an array of surface topologies was generated. The resulting silica shells ranged from 100 to 200 nm in thickness, as measured by calcination of the polystyrene template. Empirical relations between reaction conditions and the resulting silica colloid diameter were utilized to understand the resultant silica shell topology. These results may serve as a guide to generate a versatile platform for research in the multitude of applications where polystyrene-silica core-shell particles are utilized.