cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
“Manufactured By The Sun”: Eve Langley’s The Pea-Pickers on The Move

Eve Langley's The Pea-Pickers is often seem as a quaint artifact of a now-vanished Australia. This article seeks to rescue the contemporary relevance of this novel of two young women who go into the rural areas of Gippsland to pick peas, showing its pioneering attention to transgender concerns, the polyphonic panoply of its style and soundscape, and its portrayal of a settler culture not anchored in a perilous identity but dynamically on the move. As so often in settler colony literature, though, blindnesses on the issue of race-particularly the portrayal of the Muslim migrant Akbarah Khan-mar the canvas, and make Langley's novel as emblematic of the constitutive problems of Australian literary history as of its artistic achievements. Just as Langley's gender variance and personal nonconformity made her an outlier in the Australia and New Zealand she lived in, so is her contribution to Australian literature an unfinished project.
Mining Wafer Fabrication: Framework and Challenges

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Background Related Work Proposed Framework Experimental Study Conclusion This chapter contains sections titled: References ]]>
Relationship Transitions and the Risk for Child Maltreatment

Family structure as a risk for child maltreatment has long been viewed as a static state in the child maltreatment literature. Drawing on data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, the author uses a series of individual fixed-effects models to investigate whether particular types of relationship transitions over children’s first decade of life are associated with increased risk for maternal and paternal child abuse and maternal neglect. Findings question and confirm a number of long-standing theoretical and empirical findings from the child maltreatment literature. Results indicate that transitions to being single are associated with increased risk for maternal child abuse and neglect. In addition, the frequency and severity of paternal harsh parenting may be closely linked with the nature of fathers’ relationship transitions. Last, results largely do not provide support for the theory that the presence of social (nonbiological) fathers increases mothers’ risk for engaging in child abuse or neglect.
Beige, Silver, Greying with Age, and Other Determinants

Beige [bg; chromosome 13 (Lane, 1965)] is a recessive mutation affecting both coat and eye color. The mutation is of particular interest because it produces a syndrome strikingly similar to the Chediak—Higashi syndrome in man (Blume et al., 1968; Blume and S. Wolff, 1972).1 This syndrome is characterized by an autosomal recessive inheritance, pigment dilution, large melanin granules, large lysosomal granules, and an increased susceptibility to infections.2 Its effects on pigmentation have been studied by Windhorst and her associates (Windhorst et al., 1966, 1968; Zelickson et al., 1967).3
Using the presurgical psychological evaluation to predict 5-year weight loss outcomes in bariatric surgery patients

Abstract Background Psychosocial factors contribute to poorer weight loss outcomes following bariatric surgery; however, findings on associations between preoperative psychiatric diagnoses, psychological testing, and weight loss are inconsistent. Objectives Examine associations between presurgical psychiatric diagnoses derived from a semi-structured clinical interview and test scores from the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality-Inventory−2 – Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF) and 5-year Body Mass Index (BMI) outcomes. Setting Cleveland Clinic Bariatric and Metabolic Institute Methods 446 consecutively consented patients who underwent a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) at least 5 years prior were included in the study. A majority were women (74.2%) and Caucasian (66.2%). Patients' mean presurgical BMI was 49.14 kg/m 2 [SD = 9.50 kg/m 2 ]. Psychiatric diagnoses were obtained from a presurgical, semi-structured clinical interview and all participants were administered the MMPI-2-RF at their presurgical evaluations. BMIs were collected at 4 postoperative time points across a 5-year trajectory. This prospective design utilized latent growth curve modeling. Results Older patients evidenced a slower rate of BMI reduction over time. A presurgical diagnosis of Binge Eating Disorder predicted higher BMIs at the 5-year outcome. Scores on MMPI-2-RF measures of emotional and behavioral dysfunction domains incrementally predicted poorer weight loss outcomes. Conclusion Preoperative indicators of psychopathology, notably indicators that are dimensional in nature, are important in predicting postoperative outcomes. Closer follow-up with patients who evidence presurgical psychological factors, both before and after surgery, may help improve outcomes.
Racism and Discrimination versus Advantage and Favoritism: Diversity and Racial Inequality

Almost all academic literature across disciplines and most of the news media explain racial inequality as the result of the discrimination and racism of whites toward nonwhites. In contrast, I argu...
Targeting ALK: Precision Medicine Takes on Drug Resistance

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is a validated molecular target in several ALK -rearranged malignancies, including non–small cell lung cancer. However, the clinical benefit of targeting ALK using tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) is almost universally limited by the emergence of drug resistance. Diverse mechanisms of resistance to ALK TKIs have now been discovered, and these basic mechanisms are informing the development of novel therapeutic strategies to overcome resistance in the clinic. In this review, we summarize the current successes and challenges of targeting ALK. Significance: Effective long-term treatment of ALK -rearranged cancers requires a mechanistic understanding of resistance to ALK TKIs so that rational therapies can be selected to combat resistance. This review underscores the importance of serial biopsies in capturing the dynamic therapeutic vulnerabilities within a patient9s tumor and offers a perspective into the complexity of on-target and off-target ALK TKI resistance mechanisms. Therapeutic strategies that can successfully overcome, and potentially prevent, these resistance mechanisms will have the greatest impact on patient outcome. Cancer Discov; 7(2); 137–55. ©2017 AACR.
Discussion of the paper ‘A general framework for functional regression modelling’:

AbstractThis discussion provides our reaction to the article by Greven and Scheipl. It contains an overview of their article and a description of the many areas of research that remain open and cou...
Transition‐Metal‐Free C3 Arylation of Indoles with Aryl Halides

We report an unprecedented transition metal-free coupling of indoles with aryl halides. The reaction is promoted by KOtBu and is regioselective for C3 over N. The use of degassed solvents devoid of oxygen is necessary for the success of the transformation. Preliminary studies implicate a hybrid mechanism that involves both aryne intermediates and non-propagative radical processes. Electron transfer is also a distinct possibility. These conclusions were substantiated by EPR data, isotopic labeling studies, and the use of radical scavengers and electron transfer inhibitors.
Long-Term Effects of Temporary Income Shocks on Food Consumption and Subjective Well-Being

AbstractA national level unconditional cash transfer programme, Bantuan Langsung Tunai (BLT), in Indonesia allows an empirical assessment on whether there are long-term benefits in terms of food consumption and overall well-being. The results show that a positive albeit temporary income shock increases the quantity of food consumed by the poorest households and the overall subjective well-being among the poorest recipients. It is also found that poor households are more likely to invest in farm and non-farm businesses, which in turn helps them sustain a higher level of food consumption and overall satisfaction months after the end of the programme.
Biomechanical Comparison of Epiphyseal Anterior Cruciate Ligament Fixation Using a Cortical Button Construct Versus an Interference Screw and Sheath Construct in Skeletally Immature Cadaveric Specimens

Background Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures have become increasingly common in pediatric and adolescent athletes. While multiple methods exist, all-epiphyseal ACL reconstruction is a popular technique in the skeletally immature patient. Given the high rate of reruptures in this population and the increasing number of commercially available fixation devices, biomechanical testing is crucial to understand the performance of these devices in pediatric epiphyseal bone. To our knowledge, there has not been a biomechanical analysis of ACL fixation devices in skeletally immature bone. Purpose To compare cortically based button fixation with interference screw and sheath fixation in skeletally immature femoral epiphyseal cadaveric bone. Our hypothesis was that there would be no difference in peak load to failure, stiffness, or cyclic displacement between these 2 fixation constructs. Study design Controlled laboratory study. Methods Fresh-frozen matched-pair knees from 3 pediatric cadaveric specimens were obtained. A synthetic graft was fixed in an all-epiphyseal femoral tunnel. Both the lateral and medial condyles were utilized to increase the sample size. Specimens were randomized and assigned to receive either an interference screw and sheath construct designed for pediatric patients or an adjustable loop cortical button. Biomechanical testing was performed to obtain ultimate load to failure, stiffness, total displacement after 500 cycles, and the failure mode for each condyle. Results Each medial and lateral condyle in 3 pairs of skeletally immature cadaveric knees (ages 7, 9, and 11 years) was utilized for testing. One specimen was excluded after it failed by having a transphyseal fracture. The median peak load to failure was 769.80 N (interquartile range [IQR], 628.50-930.41 N) for the screw and sheath group and 862.80 N (IQR, 692.34-872.65 N) for the button group (P = .893). The median displacement after 500 cycles for the screw and sheath group was 0.65 mm (IQR, 0.47-1.03 mm) and 1.13 mm (IQR, 0.96-1.25 mm) for the button group (P = .08). The median stiffness of the screw and sheath group was significantly higher than that of the button group (31.47 N/mm [IQR, 26.40-43.00 N/mm] vs 25.22 N/mm [IQR, 21.18-27.07 N/mm], respectively) (P = .043). Conclusion When comparing femoral fixation with a screw and sheath construct developed for pediatric patients to an adjustable loop cortical button in skeletally immature bone, our results showed that fixation did not significantly differ with respect to cyclic displacement or peak load to failure. While the screw and sheath construct was significantly stiffer, its effect on clinical outcomes is not yet known. Clinical relevance With regard to femoral fixation, there is no significant biomechanical difference between the use of cortically based button fixation or interference screw and sheath fixation in pediatric epiphyseal cadaveric bone.
Is blood pressure control necessary before surgery

The need for blood pressure control before elective surgery depends on the degree and type of hypertension and the presence of other cardiovascular risk factors. Although blood pressure should be normalized in most patients for several months before surgery, mild to moderate diastolic or systolic hypertension do not place the patient at increased operative risk. Mild to moderate elevations should not be acutely controlled in the few days before surgery. Higher blood pressure elevations confer an increased operative risk and must be carefully controlled before surgery. Blood pressure control with certain antihypertensive medications confers a protective effect on the risk of intraoperative instability. The impact of preoperative control of hypertension in relationship to these variables is incorporated into useful recommendations for clinical practice.
An autumn profile of growth regulatory hormones in chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)

We examined trends in the growth regulatory hormones growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) from August to December in chinook salmon. Fish on 100% (ad libitum) and 64% rations of a low fat high protein diet, and a 64% ration of commercial feed (BioOregon-grower) were sampled twice a month. Fish were kept on simulated natural photoperiod at constant temperature. GH declined in late August and early September, consistent with photoperiodic regulation. No effects of ration or diet composition on GH were found. IGF-I increased to a peak on 4 October 1998 and declined thereafter. High dietary ration and the higher fat commercial diet increased IGF-I. Fish length and IGF-I level were positively correlated. This study shows that a peak in IGF-I may occur in the fall in chinook salmon.
Nomad: An Efficient Consensus Approach for Latency-Sensitive Edge-Cloud Applications

The rise of edge computing gives birth to a spectrum of delay-sensitive applications. Many of these applications build their services atop the functionality that the edge nodes quickly negotiate a unique order on the events received from a massive number of client devices, even under very high event rates. To this end, we propose a protocol, called Nomad, for achieving fast event ordering in edge computing environments. Nomad is designed as a consensus protocol that employs a lease-based approach to take advantage of the locality of the unbalanced workload across the system. It also dynamically adjusts the leadership distribution on the edge nodes based on the recent running history, and relies on a cloud-based arbitrator to resolve contentions. Experiments demonstrate that Nomad outperforms the existing solutions, such as Multi-Paxos, Mencius and E-Paxos, in achieving fast event ordering for large-scale, delay-sensitive edge-cloud applications.
A comparison between Zooglider and shipboard net and acoustic mesozooplankton sensing systems

Author(s): Whitmore, BM; Nickels, CF; Ohman, MD | Abstract: Some planktonic patches have markedly higher concentrations of organisms compared to ambient conditions and are l5 m in thickness (i.e. thin layers). Conventional net sampling techniques are unable to resolve this vertical microstructure, while optical imaging systems can measure it for limited durations. Zooglider, an autonomous zooplankton-sensing glider, uses a low-power optical imaging system (Zoocam) to resolve mesozooplankton at a vertical scale of 5 cm while making concurrent physical and acoustic measurements (Zonar). In March 2017, Zooglider was compared with traditional nets (MOCNESS) and ship-based acoustics (Simrad EK80). Zoocam recorded significantly higher vertically integrated abundances of smaller copepods and appendicularians, and larger gelatinous predators and mineralized protists, but similar abundances of chaetognaths, euphausiids, and nauplii. Differences in concentrations and size-frequency distributions are attributable to net extrusion and preservation artifacts, suggesting advantages of in situ imaging of organisms by Zooglider. Zoocam detected much higher local concentrations of copepods and appendicularians (53 000 and 29 000 animals m-3, respectively) than were resolvable by nets. The EK80 and Zonar at 200 kHz agreed in relative magnitude and distribution of acoustic backscatter. The profiling capability of Zooglider allows for deeper high-frequency acoustic sampling than conventional ship-based acoustics.
Iris Complications in Uveitis

Uveitic inflammation can lead to significant iris complications including iris atrophy and formation of synechiae. Synechiae are abnormal adhesions that may manifest as peripheral anterior synechiae or posterior synechiae. Both medical and surgical approaches can be utilized for treatment of synechiae. Steroids and mydriatic agents are mainstays of medical management. Intracameral tissue plasminogen activator can be helpful for treatment of acute fibrin and recently formed synechiae. Surgical options include goniosynechiolysis and synechiolysis utilizing a variety of surgical instruments.
The American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention Study-3 FFQ Has Reasonable Validity and Reproducibility for Food Groups and a Diet Quality Score.

Background FFQs are commonly used to assess dietary intake and it is important to evaluate their performance in the target population. Objective We evaluated the reproducibility and relative validity of the Cancer Prevention Study-3 (CPS-3) FFQ in estimating usual intake of 63 food groups and diet quality in accordance with the American Cancer Society dietary guidelines for cancer prevention. Methods A subset of participants from the CPS-3 (433 women, 244 men), 31-70 y of age, were included in a cross-sectional diet assessment substudy (2015-2016). Reproducibility was assessed by comparing estimates from repeat FFQs, approximately 1 y apart, using Spearman correlation coefficient (rs) and Pearson correlation coefficient (rp) correlations for food groups and diet quality, respectively. Validity was assessed similarly by comparing FFQ estimates with estimates from ≤6 interviewer-administered 24-h dietary recall (24HR). Analyses were stratified by sex and race/ethnicity. Results Reproducibility correlations for repeated FFQs were > 0.50 for 83-97% of food groups analyzed across strata of sex and race. Although participants tended to overreport plant foods (e.g., fruits and legumes) and underreport refined grains and sugar-sweetened beverages, the median energy-adjusted, deattenuated Spearman correlations comparing the second FFQ to the 24HR were 0.50 and 0.52 among men and women (range: 0.05-0.82), respectively, suggesting that ranking was preserved for most food groups. Validity was highest for coffee, alcohol, and total dairy, and lowest for pasta and regular-fat yogurt. Median validity across food groups varied by race/ethnicity and was highest among whites (rs = 0.54) followed by Hispanics (rs = 0.49) and African Americans (rs = 0.45). The diet quality score had good validity in all subgroups examined, but was higher among men (rp = 0.69) than women (rp = 0.61), and lower among whites (rp = 0.62) than Hispanics (rp = 0.64) or African Americans (rp = 0.73). Conclusions This study indicates good reproducibility and validity of the CPS-3 FFQ for most major food groups and the diet quality score in all sex and race/ethnicity groups examined.
Seedling Populations Produced by Colored-leaf Genotypes of Japanese Barberry (Berberis thunbergii DC.) Contain Seedlings with Green Leaf Phenotype

The leaf color of seedling populations derived from ornamental genotypes of Japanese barberry ( Berberis thunbergii DC.) was evaluated to determine whether nursery selections of this important landscape plant could be expected to produce green-leaf progeny or seedlings with leaf color resembling the purple-leaf or yellow-leaf parent. This is a compelling inquiry since nearly all B. thunbergii plants found within invasive populations possess green foliage and the potential contribution of seedlings by ornamental purple- and yellow-leaf genotypes is unknown. Seed lots collected from cultivated barberry genotypes located in landscape settings were processed and raised in a greenhouse to observe leaf color phenotype. It was found that all genotypes studied produced at least some green seedlings. The percentage of green progeny produced varied widely by genotype. Green-leaf cultivars yielded close to 100% green seedlings and all purple- and yellow-leaf forms produced at least 20% green of fspring. Among purple-leaf genotype accessions located adjacent to potential purple-leaf pollen donors, var . atropurpurea produced significantly fewer green seedlings (18.5%) than ‘Crimson Pygmy’ (71%) and ‘Rose Glow’ (45%). ‘Rose Glow’ individuals growing adjacent to other purple Japanese barberry forms produced significantly fewer green seedlings (45%) than ‘Rose Glow’ accessions that were isolated from additional purple Japanese barberry (88%). This study demonstrates that some invasive green-leaf B. thunbergii could be derived from popular garden forms since purple- and yellowleaf genotypes readily produce green-leaf of fspring which resemble feral barberry. These findings do not, however, provide any definitive link between cultivated and naturalized Japanese barberry.
The mental representation and social aspect of expressives.

Despite increased focus on emotional language, research lacks for the most emotional language: Swearing. We used event-related potentials (ERPs) to investigate whether swear words have content dist...
Reimagining marketing doctoral programs

In this essay, my focus is on one critically important aspect of marketing doctoral programs: theory development. Theory animates everything we do in our discipline. Therefore, it is imperative that doctoral programs place theory at the heart of curriculum that shapes the thinking, priorities, and research efforts of our new scholars. Unfortunately, in many doctoral programs, this does not happen. To spur a conversation on this critically important issue in our discipline, I suggest five initiatives that seek to reimagine the content and structure of marketing doctoral programs. These initiatives are: (1) Add marketing to marketing doctoral programs; (2) Create a dedicated space in the curriculum for theory construction; (3) Restructure the sequence of doctoral seminars; (4) Make a foundational essay mandatory in dissertations; and (5) Change the culture of marketing doctoral programs.
Larval parasitic copepods affect early life history traits of a temperate clingfish

Larval copepods are frequent parasites that infest fish larvae along the Chilean coast. Because these parasites develop on fish during the early development, when their bodies are fragile and in a recent stage, they can affect the fishes’ early life history traits (ELHT). The goal of this study was to determine the effect of parasitic copepods on the ELHT of the larvae of the clingfish Gobiesox marmoratus (Teleostei: Gobiesocidae) using otolith microstructure analysis. Ichthyoplankton samples were collected during austral winter (July and August 2012), in the inner shelf waters off Valparaiso Bay, central Chile. A total of 95 non-parasitized larvae (NPL) and 95 parasitized (PL) with copepods were randomly selected for subsequent analyses. Parasitized larvae of G. marmoratus were larger than NPL. The right otolith tended to be larger than the left otolith in the fish larvae, but with a higher asymmetry in PL. The PL showed larger otoliths-at-size than the NPL, particularly in smaller larvae (< 8 mm of standard length, SL). Nonetheless, parasitized larvae larger than 8 mm SL showed the opposite trend that is smaller-at-size otoliths than NPL. The Gompertz models indicated that the asymptotic length of NPL doubled the length of PL; this suggests that parasitic copepods affect the maximum size attained by the PL. In conclusion, parasitic copepods negatively affect the ELHT of G. marmoratus larvae and the greater asymmetry can be attributed to parasitism.
Siamitoides gen. n., a new Oriental ant-like stone beetle genus (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scydmaeninae).

Siamitoides carinatus gen. & sp. n. is described, based on a male specimen collected on Sumatra. The new genus superficially resembles the Oriental Siamites in the shape of head, which in lateral view is subtriangular, with the highest site above the antennal fossae and the flat vertex gradually declining posterad up to the neck region. Among world Stenichnini, this peculiar shape of the head capsule can be found also in the Oriental Elacatophora, Nearctic Lophioderus, and the extinct Cretaceous Cenomaniola of Myanmar amber deposits. Morphological structures of the new genus are illustrated in detail, and an updated key to the Oriental genera of Stenichnini (excluding subtropical Chinese and Japanese taxa) is given.
ECCE 2021: Expanding Industry Participation and Connections: Organizing a Hybrid Format for Unprecedented Growth

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought a worldwide array of difficulties and disruptions, changing the way people live, work and interact. Gatherings of large groups of people stopped completely in spring of 2020, forcing technical conference organizers to either cancel or move to online meetings. This major disruption has tested peoples' resilience and ability to find alternative ways to accomplish goals, and as a result a plethora of virtual platforms were created and demonstrated to allow people to meet and exchange ideas and technical advancements. For the first time since its creation, IEEE Energy Conversion Congress & Exposition (ECCE 2020) happened in a new, virtual format. And with that novel experience to support our vision, the ECCE 2021 team is organizing the largest international energy conversion conference and exposition in hybrid format where the virtual component will be prepared and tested during most of 2021 in order for it to run smoothly by October.
Digital Technology in Movement Disorders: Updates, Applications, and Challenges.

Digital technology affords the opportunity to provide objective, frequent, and sensitive assessment of disease outside of the clinic environment. This article reviews recent literature on the application of digital technology in movement disorders, with a focus on Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Huntington’s disease. Recent research has demonstrated the ability for digital technology to discriminate between individuals with and without PD, identify those at high risk for PD, quantify specific motor features, predict clinical events in PD, inform clinical management, and generate novel insights. Digital technology has enormous potential to transform clinical research and care in movement disorders. However, more work is needed to better validate existing digital measures, including in new populations, and to develop new more holistic digital measures that move beyond motor features.
RNA-seq analysis reveals significant transcriptome changes in huntingtin-null human neuroblastoma cells.

Huntingtin (Htt) protein is the product of the gene mutated in Huntington’s disease (HD), a fatal, autosomal dominant, neurodegenerative disorder. Normal Htt is essential for early embryogenesis and the development of the central nervous system. However, the role of Htt in adult tissues is less defined. Following the recent promising clinical trial in which both normal and mutant Htt mRNA were knocked down in HD patients, there is an urgent need to fully understand the molecular consequences of knocking out/down Htt in adult tissues. Htt has been identified as an important transcriptional regulator. Unbiased investigations of transcriptome changes with RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) have been done in multiple cell types in HD, further confirming that transcriptional dysregulation is a central pathogenic mechanism in HD. However, there is lack of direct understanding of the transcriptional regulation by normal Htt. To investigate the transcriptional role of normal Htt, we first knocked out Htt in the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line using the CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)-Cas9 (CRISPR-associated protein 9) gene editing approach. We then performed RNA-seq analysis on Htt-null and wild type SH-SY5Y cells to probe the global transcriptome changes induced by Htt deletion. In general, Htt has a widespread effect on gene transcription. Functional analysis of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using various bioinformatic tools revealed irregularities in pathways related to cell communication and signaling, and more specifically those related to neuron development, neurotransmission and synaptic signaling. We further examined the transcription factors that may regulate these DEGs. Consistent with the disrupted pathways associated with cellular development, we showed that Htt-null cells exhibited slower cell proliferation than wild type cells. We finally validated some of the top DEGS with quantitative RT-PCR. The widespread transcriptome changes in Htt-null cells could be directly caused by the loss of Htt-mediated transcriptional regulation or due to the secondary consequences of disruption in the gene regulatory network. Our study therefore provides valuable information about key genes associated with Htt-mediated transcription and improves our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the cellular functions of normal and mutant Htt.
Regulating Powerful Platforms: Evidence from Commission Fee Caps in On-Demand Services

Owners of multi-sided platforms typically possess strong power over complementors. Such power asymmetry gives platform owners the edge on setting high platform fees to capture most of the surplus created on their platforms. While there is a heated debate on regulating these powerful platforms, the lack of empirical studies hinders the progress towards evidence-based policymaking. This research empirically investigates this regulatory issue in the context of on-demand delivery. Delivery platforms (e.g., DoorDash, Grubhub, and Uber Eats) charge restaurants a commission fee, which can be as high as 30% of the order amount. To support small businesses, recent regulatory scrutiny has attempted to cap the commission fees for independent restaurants. This research empirically evaluates the effects of platform fee regulations on restaurants, by investigating recent regulations across 14 cities and states in the United States. Our analyses show that independent restaurants in regulated cities (i.e., those paying reduced commission fees) experience a decline in orders and revenue, whereas chain restaurants (i.e., those paying the original fees) see an increase in orders and revenue. This intriguing finding suggests that chain restaurants, not independent restaurants, benefit from the regulations that were intended to support independent restaurants. We find that platforms’ responses to the regulations may explain the negative effects on independent restaurants. That is, after cities enact policies to cap platforms’ commission fees, delivery platforms become less likely to recommend independent restaurants to consumers, and instead turn to promote chain restaurants or nearby restaurants from non-regulated cities. Moreover, delivery platforms increase their delivery fees for consumers in regulated cities, suggesting that these platforms attempt to cover the loss of commission revenue by charging customers more. These findings provide empirical evidence for policymakers to evaluate the effectiveness of platform fee regulations.
Acceleration Waves in Isotropic Thermoelastic Bodies

This paper is based on a paper of Bowen & Wang [1] which will be published in the Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis shortly.
Contracts -- Employment at Will: Contractual Remedy for Discharge Motivated by Bad Faith, Malice Or Retaliation -- Monge v. Beebe Rubber Co.

s of the United States 229 (2d ed. 1961), 3$ 42 U,S.C. § 2000e-2(a) (Supp. II, 1972). In addition, 20 of the 50 states have enacted legislation prohibiting discharge because of race, creed, color, or national origin. For a discussion of state legislation dealing with discriminatory employment practices, see Note, The Right to Equal Treatment: Administrative Enforcement of Anti-Discrimination Legislation, 74 Harv. L. Rev. 526 (1961). 39 29 U.S.C. § 623(a) (1970). 4° IS U.S.C. § 1674 (1970). 41 29 U.S.C. § 215(a)(3) (1970). 42 50 U.S.C. 459(c) (1970). " 5 U.S.C. § 7501(a) (1970). 44 Pattermann v. International Bhd. of Teamsters, 174 Cal, App. 2d 184, 189, 344 P.2d 25, 27 (1959). 45 Glenn v. Clearman's Golden Cock Inn, Inc., 192 Cal. App. 2d 793, 798, 13 Cal. Rptr. 769, 772 (1961). 46 Frampton v. Central Ind. Gas Co., — Ind. —, 297 N.E.2d 425, 428 (1973).
Genetic variability of Striga asiatica (L.) Kuntz based on AFLP analysis and host-parasite interaction

AFLP analysis was used to estimate genetic variability within and among 14 populations of Striga asiaticaL. Kuntze collected from different locations within the Republic of Benin. The mean within-population genetic distances ranged from 0.028 to 0.038, while the mean among-population genetic distances ranged from 0.019to 0.088, with an assumed minimum genetic distance of0.01 in each case. Intra- and inter-population variation was reflected by a highly significant R2 of 0.61for the regression of geographic distance versus genetic distance. Interactions of the different Strigapopulations with susceptible host genotypes, 8338-1 (Zea mays) and CK60B (Sorghum bicolor),indicated a high degree of host-specialization, with CK60B failing to support growth of the parasite from any of the populations. The various Striga populations also exhibited different degrees of virulence on susceptible host plants. Our results support the hypothesis that different populations of this parasite may well be considered and treated as ecotypes in plant breeding programs developing resistance to S. asiatica.
A learning framework for the automatic and accurate segmentation of cardiac tagged MRI images

In this paper we present a fully automatic and accurate segmentation framework for 2D tagged cardiac MR images. This scheme consists of three learning methods: a) an active shape model is implemented to model the heart shape variations, b) an Adaboost learning method is applied to learn confidence-rated boundary criterions from the local appearance features at each landmark point on the shape model, and c) an Adaboost detection technique is used to initialize the segmentation. The set of boundary statistics learned by Adaboost is the weighted combination of all the useful appearance features, and results in more reliable and accurate image forces compared to using only edge or region information. Our experimental results show that given similar imaging techniques, our method can achieve a highly accurate performance without any human interaction.
Non-Stationary Hydrostratigraphic Model of Cross-Cutting Alluvial Fans

The groundwater system of southern Sacramento County was formed by the glacially dominated American River fan and the non glacial Cosumnes River fan Recent hydrostratigraphic analysis with borehole log data and soils maps shows that the American River gravelly channels not only migrated to the south cutting into the Cosumnes sediments in the Holocene but also did the same during the Quaternary leaving deep coarse grained incised valley fill deposits embedded in what would otherwise be considered Cosumnes fan sediments These coarse grained incised valley fill deposits are expected to act as preferential flow paths potentially influencing groundwater flow and transport throughout the Sacramento County groundwater system Three dimensional Markov chain models are created for each of the two systems using transition probability geostatistics Each system is simulated separately and then combined to produce a regional three dimensional representation of subsurface heterogeneity that preserves cross cutting relationships between American River coarse grained incised valley fill sediments and finer grained Cosumnes River deposits Analysis of the resulting conceptual geologic model realizations shows that hydrofacies proportions and architecture are preserved producing a reasonable approximation of the interaction of the American and Cosumnes River fluvial fans on a regional scale This geologic model will be incorporated into future groundwater flow and transport models to investigate the effects on regional groundwater conditions
Comment on "Cutting edge: regulatory T cells do not mediate suppression via programmed cell death pathways".

We read the article by Szymczak-Workman et al. ([1][1]) with great interest. They have concluded that apoptosis of effector CD4 T cells is not involved in CD4+Foxp3+CD25+ regulatory T cell (Treg)-mediated suppression, despite several studies showing the pivotal role of Treg-mediated apoptosis in
Harvesting organs for transplantation from dying anencephalic infants.

Pediatricians, vested with the care of newborns with anencephaly or irreparable congenital cardiac defects, would naturally think about heart transplantation to save the otherwise healthy children. Indeed, parents of anencephalic newborns have publically declared their wishes to help others through organ donations from their own terminally ill infants. Their actions would give solace and some meaning to an otherwise unmitigated catastrophe. Unfortunately, acceptance of an act by such grieving parents, at once so sensitive, gracious, and wellintentioned, unwittingly invites a cascade of medical, ethical, moral, and legal dilemmas. Attempts to save one life may threaten the dignity (or even life) of another, albeit terminal and vegetative.
Registration of ‘ND-307’ Pinto Bean

ND-307 (Reg. no. CV-296, PI655297) is a new medium-early maturing, high-yielding pinto bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivar adapted to the northern Great Plains. This cultivar was developed by North Dakota State University (NDSU) and released in 2008 by the North Dakota Agricultural Experimental Station (NDAES). ND-307 has a Type IIIa growth habit, but it may show a type IIb growth habit in some environments. ND-307 possesses intermediate lodging resistance and exhibits good and synchronous plant dry-down prior to harvest. ND-307 has commercially acceptable visual seed traits (size, shape, and appearance). However, one particular feature of ND-307 is the absence of the yellow seed corona. Instead, the corona is light-orange and its color intensity is slightly variable among seeds. Although the yellow corona is sometimes considered an important quality indicator for the dry bean market, it is not critical for other end-uses. ND-307 has intermediate resistance to the rust races commonly found in the region, with the exception of the new, recently discovered, race (20-3). ND-307 is also resistant to Bean common mosaic virus, but it is susceptible to the necrotic strain (NL-3). When averaged across 21 yield trials in which ND-307 was grown along with three commercial checks, ND-307 produced yields similar to Buster but out-yielded Maverick and GTS-900 by 7 and 9%, respectively. This cultivar represents a new and better alternative for pinto bean growers of the northern Great Plains.
Whipple's disease

The first patient with a well documented case of Whipple's disease, in whom an anaerobic Corynebacteria was successfully cultured both from the mucosa of the small intestine and from mesenteric lymph nodes is described. Electron microscopic studies demonstrated the organisms in the mucosa of the small intestine and in lymph nodes. In addition, vascular invasion was observed and the vascular endothelium contained a large number of bacilli. These observations support the concept that anaerobic Corynebacteria may be important in Whipple's disease, but the precise role of this organism in the pathogenesis of this disorder remains to be elucidated.
Optimizing the 13C-14N REAPDOR NMR experiment: a theoretical and experimental study.

Abstract The optimum 14 N pulse lengths in the 13 C– 14 N rotational-echo adiabatic-passage double-resonance (REAPDOR) NMR experiment are determined from calculations and from experiments on samples of glycine and l -alanine. The REAPDOR experiment utilizes the adiabatic passages that 14 N spins make between the 14 N Zeeman energy levels during the application of a single, short 14 N radiofrequency pulse. Use of a short 14 N irradiation time of less than one-quarter of a rotor period ensures that the number of 14 N spins that undergo more than one passage is minimized. This simplifies calculations describing 13 C dipolar dephasing and provides better agreement between calculations and experiments. Recovery of the 13 C– 14 N dipolar couplings and 14 N quadrupolar coupling constants and asymmetry parameters is described.
The “dangerous multipara”: Fact or fiction?

Abstract OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to compare the intrapartum complication incidence among grand multiparous women with that of age-matched control multiparous women. STUDY DESIGN: A total of 382 grand multiparous women (para ≥5) were compared with 382 age-matched control subjects (para 2 to 4), all delivering between July 1989 and September 1991. Intrapartum complications classically associated with grand multipartly (abruptio placentae, dysfunctional labor, fetal malpresentation, postpartum hemorrhage, and shoulder dystocia) were compared. RESULT: Both groupos had comparable antepartum complications and gestational ages at delivery. The overall intrapartum complication incidence for grand multiparous women was 33% (127382 patients), not significantly different from that of the control multiparous women, 27% (103382). Grand multiparity was associated with an increased incidence of macrosomia (16% vs 11%) and a decreased incidence of operative delivery (14% vs 21%). Macrosomia increased the incidence of intrapartum complications from 31% to 46% ( p CONCLUSIONS: In a largely Hispanic population grand multiparous patients do not have an increased incidence of intrapartum complications.
Martin Luther King, Jr.'s conception of freedom and radical democracy

Etude de la valeur egalitariste de la liberte developpee par Martin Luther King Jr comme transition entre la problematique des droits civils et la possibilite d'une democratie radicale. Comparant les notions de societe desagregee et de societe integree avec l'idee de societe bien ordonnee chez Rawls, l'A. montre que King Jr tente de concilier l'ideal d'une communaute bien-aimee avec l'egalite et la citoyennete democratiques.
Effects of Global Democracy on Women's Reproductive Health: 1970–2005, Cross-World Analysis

ABSTRACT Despite many trends that have been commonly assumed to enrich societal well-being, this article posits that in addition to benefits there are also costs associated with democratization. This article comparatively analyzes the effects of democratic transition on women's health in democratizing well-developed as compared with developing countries across the world. Considering the junction of positive and negative outcomes of democratization, the author argues that to women the costs of democratization are much more substantial than to men because their societal roles are less valued and life for most women is centered at home and, hence, is not considered to be of public concern. Thus far, democratization's costs to women have been largely overlooked, not only in terms of economic opportunities but also in terms of their impact on women's health. These costs cannot be ignored as they limit women's empowerment and endanger national health.
A 101,000 gauss niobium-tin superconducting solenoid

The construction, processing, and performance of a Nb/sub 3/Sn superconducting solenoid for the production of a 101 k gauss field were described. The damage to the coil as a result of being driven normal was also discussed. (C.E.S.)
Intense magnetic fields and umbral dots

Intense magnetic fields (of one or two kilogauss) situated in a background of weak field and umbral dots (regions of weak field) situated in a background of intense field (the sunspot) have both received considerable, though largely unrelated, discussion in the recent literature. It is suggested that the two phenomena may in fact be less disparate than hitherto presumed. Applying a simple (hydrostatic) model calculation to both phenomena and assuming temperature differences to be constant with height, the depth of each of these structures can be estimated.
Distribution of joint effusion in patients with traumatic knee joint disorders: MRI assessment

Abstract One hundred forty five knee magnetic resonance imaging examinations with joint effusions were reviewed to clarify the usual distribution of joint fluids in patients with traumatic knee joint disorders. Almost all knees (99%) had effusions in the central portion, and most knees (76%) had effusions in the suprapatellar pouch. Effusions were rarely found in the posterior femoral recess (9%) or subpopliteal recess (2%). However, this difference was considered to be only a reflection of anatomic communications. Effusions were occasionally found around posterior cruciate ligaments (36%), but were less frequently seen around anterior cruciate ligaments (18%).
Piezoelectric excited millimeter sized cantilever sensors for measuring gas density changes

Abstract Rapid, in-situ measurement of gas density is valuable for monitoring industrial processes. We show that piezoelectric-excited millimeter-sized cantilever (PEMC) sensors exhibit precision for measuring gas density changes as small as 0.088 g/l with sensitivity equivalent to 0.049 g/(l Hz). PEMC sensors were fabricated by bonding 127 μm thick piezoelectric layer (lead zirconate titanate) to a base 160 μm thick silica layer. Gases (He, N2, Ar) were passed continuously through an isothermally maintained flow cell, in which the PEMC sensors were mounted and the steady state resonant frequency values were monitored. The changes in observed resonant frequencies were collected and compared in multiple experiments with well-established theory for the frequency response of a dynamic cantilever surrounded by an inviscid fluid and were found to be in reasonable agreement. A finite element model of the PEMC sensor showed good agreement with the measured resonant frequency values.
Evolving patient selection and clinical benefit criteria for sapropterin dihydrochloride (Kuvan®) treatment of PKU patients

Abstract Purpose To understand current patient selection, dosing, and response criteria used for sapropterin dihydrochloride (sapropterin, Kuvan®) to treat phenylketonuria (PKU). Methods Results of a 2010 survey of twenty-nine academic medical centers are reported to describe practice patterns in comparison to results of a survey done in 2008 and to what is reported in the literature. Results/conclusions In addition to reduction in blood phenylalanine (Phe) levels, clinicians report using broader disease-management approaches when evaluating clinical benefit of sapropterin, including consideration of increased Phe tolerance and behavioral changes. Similar approaches are reported in the literature.
Effects of Diffusion on Char-Desorption Profiles

In this work, the dispersion of CO and CO 2 from temperature-programmed desorption of char before they reach the mass spectrometer is sequentially examined by a set of methods
Four decades of DNA repair: from early insights to current perspectives

Abstract A brief history of the evolution of the DNA repair field over the past four decades is presented, as documented through the Proceedings from a selected series of five scientific meetings, beginning with the 1965 Radiation Microbiology Conference, held at the University of Chicago with only 40 participants, and extending through the 1988 UCLA Symposium on “Mechanisms and Consequences of DNA Damage Processing”, convened in Taos, New Mexico, with over 400 participants. The published proceedings and recorded discussions from these early conferences contain notable insights, of which many have turned out to be remarkably clairvoyant while others must be reevaluated in light of recent discoveries and developments in the field.
Photogrammetric processing of rover imagery of the 2003 Mars Exploration Rover mission

In the 2003 Mars Exploration Rover (MER) mission, the twin rovers, Spirit and Opportunity, carry identical Athena instrument payloads and engineering cameras for exploration of the Gusev Crater and Meridiani Planum landing sites. This paper presents the photogrammetric processing techniques for high accuracy topographic mapping and rover localization at the two landing sites. Detailed discussions about camera models, reference frames, interest point matching, automatic tie point selection, image network construction, incremental bundle adjustment, and topographic product generation are given. The developed rover localization method demonstrated the capability of correcting position errors caused by wheel slippages, azimuthal angle drift and other navigation errors. A comparison was also made between the bundle-adjusted rover traverse and the rover track imaged from the orbit. Mapping products including digital terrain models, orthophotos, and rover traverse maps have been generated for over two years of operations, and disseminated to scientists and engineers of the mission through a web-based GIS. The maps and localization information have been extensively used to support tactical operations and strategic planning of the mission.