cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Calcium-acidic phospholipid-phosphate complexes in diseased and normal human bone

Ca-acidic phospholipid-PO4 complexes promote in vitro hydroxyapatite nucleation and/or growth and are believed to have similar functions in vivo. The complexed acidic phospholipid content of human bones has been studied in femoral heads obtained at surgery from patients with osteonecrosis and osteoarthritis and compared with age-matched, disease-free control bones. The content of Ca-acidic phospholipid-PO4 complexes was elevated in bones that were judged on the basis of radiographic and histological data to be actively making new bone. These data suggest that the relative concentration of Ca-acidic phospholipid-PO4 in bone may be related to the rate at which bone is being made and mineralized.
The Basic Biology of Redoxosomes in Cytokine-Mediated Signal Transduction and Implications for Disease-Specific Therapies

Redox reactions have been established as major biological players in many cellular signaling pathways. Here we review mechanisms of redox signaling with an emphasis on redox-active signaling endosomes. Signals are transduced by relatively few reactive oxygen species (ROS), through very specific redox modifications of numerous proteins and enzymes. Although ROS signals are typically associated with cellular injury, these signaling pathways are also critical for maintaining cellular health at homeostasis. An important component of ROS signaling pertains to localization and tightly regulated signal transduction events within discrete microenvironments of the cell. One major aspect of this specificity is ROS compartmentalization within membrane-enclosed organelles such as redoxosomes (redox-active endosomes) and the nuclear envelope. Among the cellular proteins that produce superoxide are the NADPH oxidases (NOXes), transmembrane proteins that are implicated in many types of redox signaling. NOXes produce superoxide on only one side of a lipid bilayer; as such, their orientation dictates the compartmentalization of ROS and the local control of signaling events limited by ROS diffusion and/or movement through channels associated with the signaling membrane. NOX-dependent ROS signaling pathways can also be self-regulating, with molecular redox sensors that limit the local production of ROS required for effective signaling. ROS regulation of the Rac-GTPase, a required co-activator of many NOXes, is an example of this type of sensor. A deeper understanding of redox signaling pathways and the mechanisms that control their specificity will provide unique therapeutic opportunities for aging, cancer, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and neurodegenerative diseases.
DATABASE SUPPORT FOR DATA-DRIVEN SCIENTIFIC APPLICATIONS IN THE GRID

In this paper we describe a services oriented software system to provide basic database support for efficient execution of applications that make use of scientific datasets in the Grid. This system supports two core operations: efficient selection of the data of interest from distributed databases and efficient transfer of data from storage nodes to compute nodes for processing. We present its overall architecture and main components and describe preliminary experimental results.
The effects of PVAc treatment and organic solvent removal on δ13C, δ15N, and δ18O values of collagen and hydroxyapatite in a modern bone

Abstract The stable isotopic analysis of archaeological and paleontological bones has become a common method to examine questions of ecology, climate, and physiology. As researchers addressing such questions incorporate museum collections in their studies, it is necessary to understand the isotopic effects of common preservation techniques utilized in such collections to ensure the preservation of original isotopic values. This study examines the effects of PVAc glue (polyvinyl acetate) applied in acetone solution and the subsequent removal of PVAc using various organic solvents on the δ13C and δ15N values of extracted bone collagen, the δ13C and δ18O values of carbonate in bone hydroxyapatite, and the δ18O values of phosphate in hydroxyapatite. The data demonstrate that isotopic values in the collagen and phosphate are unaffected by any combination of PVAc treatment and solvent application. The carbonates show little variation in δ13C values, but exhibit variable δ18O values upon exposure to the PVAc solution. It is here suggested that δ18O values from carbonates in PVAc-treated bones do not retain an original isotopic value and should not be included in future studies.
Robust pixel classification for 3D modeling with structured light

Modeling 3D objects and scenes is an important part of computer graphics. One approach to modeling is projecting binary patterns onto the scene in order to obtain correspondences and reconstruct a densely sampled 3D model. In such structured light systems, determining whether a pixel is directly illuminated by the projector is essential to decoding the patterns. In this paper, we introduce a robust, efficient, and easy to implement pixel classification algorithm for this purpose. Our method correctly establishes the lower and upper bounds of the possible intensity values of an illuminated pixel and of a non-illuminated pixel. Based on the two intervals, our method classifies a pixel by determining whether its intensity is within one interval and not in the other. Experiments show that our method improves both the quantity of decoded pixels and the quality of the final reconstruction producing a dense set of 3D points, inclusively for complex scenes with indirect lighting effects. Furthermore, our method does not require newly designed patterns; therefore, it can be easily applied to previously captured data.
Conducting and Interpreting Slug Tests in Monitoring Wells with Partially Submerged Screens

Slug tests conducted in ground water monitoring wells are the most widely used method by the environmental consulting industry for determining hydraulic conductivity at contamination sites. Conducting and interpreting slug tests in wells with screen sections and sand packs that span the water table are severely complicated by sand pack drainage and resaturation. Sand pack drainage greatly reduces the actual head difference between the well and the formation. Resaturation of the drained sand pack must be properly accounted for, or the formation hydraulic conductivity will be underestimated. The magnitude of error is a function of the well geometry, sand pack properties, and the model chosen to interpret the data. A method has been developed to correct for sand pack resaturation by calculating the specific yield of a drained sand pack using the early recharge data of a slug test. Slug tests were conducted in one well in which the water table varied over time, creating both partially and fully submerged screen and sand pack conditions for comparative testing. The mid-time, log-linear portion of slug test data was corrected using the calculated specific yield of the drained sand pack to yield essentially the same hydraulic conductivity value as the fully submergedmore » screen results. Not accounting for sand pack resaturation would have yielded a hydraulic conductivity value that was lower than the submerged screen results by a factor of seven.« less
Use of psychotropic drugs in dermatology: Unique perspectives of a dermatologist and a psychiatrist

Psychocutaneous morbidity is commonly found in dermatologic practice. Patients generally refuse referral to psychiatry, and dermatologists cannot always provide psychotherapeutic support. By establishing an alliance with these patients and with working knowledge of the common psychotherapeutic agents used in dermatology, these patients can be managed comfortably by the clinician. The major categories of psychodermatologic agents include antipsychotics, antidepressants, anxiolytics, and antiobsessive compulsive drugs. In addition, cutaneous dysesthesia and pruritus can be treated with psychotherapeutic agents when other treatments have been exhausted. The motivated dermatologist can apply this knowledge to treat these common yet challenging cases.
PLEASURE AND REASON AS ADAPTATIONS TO NATURE'S REQUIREMENTS

. The values which guide mental and physical behavior seem to be derived from evolutionary facts. In our brains, selection of genes has tied the experience of pleasure to motivating what nature requires us to do for the good of ourselves, our kinsmen, and our ecosystem. When our brains evolved to house also a cultural heritage (including religion, the motivation of sociocultural goals, and rational discourse), hellish tensions could arise to split brain function (minds) and societies. Salvation could and did come from natural selection's replacement of discordant elements in our heritages by better coadapted ones. In this replacement, human rational decisions participated. Selection also continued to adapt these symbiotic heritages to their common environment.
Subjective and physiological responses to smoking cues in smokers with schizophrenia

The prevalence of smoking is high among people with schizophrenia. Although several research groups are developing smoking treatments for these smokers, abstinence rates to date have been modest. Methodological tools such as cue exposure are useful in clinical research with smokers in general, but the value of these paradigms with smokers with schizophrenia has yet to be established. The aim of the present study was to determine the subjective and physiological effects of exposure to in vivo smoking cues in smokers with schizophrenia. A total of 25 heavy smokers with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were assessed while nonabstinent and after 2-hr smoking abstinence. Urge to smoke, mood, nicotine withdrawal symptoms, heart rate, and blood pressure were measured during a precue relaxation period, after exposure to neutral cues, and after exposure to smoking cues. Results indicate that both exposure to smoking cues and brief abstinence increased urge levels, nicotine withdrawal symptom levels, and negative affect. Abstinence did not amplify the effects of cues on urges or other cue reactivity measures. These results indicate that smoking cue reactivity laboratory models may be useful for investigating potential smoking treatments for, or neurobiological contributions to, smoking behavior in smokers with schizophrenia.
Some fungi of the cache la Poudre River, Colorado

Samples of water, bottom sediment, bank soil, and upland soil from nine stations on the Cache la Poudre River, Colorado, from Poudre Lake (elevation 10,752 feet) in Rocky Mountain National Park to a point near its confluence with the South Platte River near Greeley, Colorado, on the Great Plains were examined for fungal populations. A total of 128 species of fungi were recovered on four types of bait, agar, and liquid media. While human, animal, and plant pathogenic fungi were present, species found were of wide-spread occurrence and no serious involvement was noted. If streams such as this continue to receive organic enrichment, increasing loads of potentially pathogenic fungi possibly may be found.
Absence of adenosine deaminase activity in a mammalian cell line transformed by Rous sarcoma virus

No detectable adenosine deaminase activity was found in whole cells or 105,000g cytosol preparations of B-mix K-44/6 cells when either [3H]adenosine or [3H]arabinosyladenine was used as substrate. When grown in tissue culture medium supplemented with horse serum these cells provide a deaminase-free system not requiring the use of an adenosine deaminase inhibitor.
Ultrafast optical and X-ray probes of nanoscale solid-liquid phase transformations

Ultrafast incoherent second harmonic scattering and X-ray diffraction are used to probe the initial solid-liquid phase transformation dynamics of cadmium selenide nanocrystals.
Reports From the Front: Clinical Case Writing as Journalism

Psychoanalytic scrutiny of clinical case reports is a paradigm of psychoanalytic investigation. A kind of journalistic reporting from our psychoanalytic front lines is described as a way to share with colleagues some of our ongoing struggles as we work with challenging patients. We need to report our difficult cases in such a way that colleagues can get emotionally inside them and learn from them. We need to take the pressure off colleagues to only report what they understand well. The reporting of not fully understood problem cases is encouraged. Case reports can then become puzzles for colleagues to ponder together.
Incidence of Violence Against HIV-Infected and Uninfected Women: Findings from the HIV Epidemiology Research (HER) Study

The effect of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on the incidence of violence against women was addressed in a prospective cohort of HIV-infected and uninfected women. Participants were enrolled between 1993 and 1995 in four US cities and followed up semiannually through 1998. Among 1,087 women with a total accrual of 2,988 person-years (PY) of follow-up, there were 185 reports of abuse (incidence rate=6.19 per 100 PY). The rate of abuse among HIV-infected women with a CD4+count less than 350 cells/μL was lower than that among HIV-infected women with more CD4+ cells/μL or among uninfected women (4.87, 6.92, and 6.44 per 100 PY, respectively). In multivariate analysis, being separated or divorced, having a history of abuse in adulthood, using marijuana, using crack, and having multiple sex partners were each significantly associated with an elevated abuse rate; being older was inversely associated with abuse. Among HIV-infected women, those with fewer CD4+ cells/μL continued to show a decreased abuse rate (bazard ratio=0.55, 95% CI=0.36, 0.82) after adjustment for these factors. It is important to complement existing and future HIV prevention and intervention strategies with efforts to reduce violence against women.
Evaluating climate impacts on carbon balance of the terrestrial ecosystems in the Midwest of the United States with a process-based ecosystem model

The Midwest of the United States includes 12 states and accounts for about a quarter of the total United State land area. In recent years, there is an increasing interest in knowing the biomass potential and carbon balance over this region for the past and the future. In this study, we use the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (TEM) to evaluate these quantities in the region from 1948 to 2099. We first parameterize the model with field data of major crops, including corn (Zea mays), soybean (Glycine max), and wheat (Triticum spp); then the model is applied to the region for the historical period (1948–2000). Next, we evaluate the simulated forestry biomass with forest inventory data, the agricultural net primary production (NPP) with agricultural statistics data, and the regional NPP with a satellite-based product at the regional scale. Our results show that the simulated annual NPP for the Midwest increased by 1.75% per year and the whole Midwest terrestrial ecosystem acted as a carbon sink during 1948–2005. During the 21st century, vegetation and soil carbon fluxes and pools show an increase trend with a great inter-annual variability. The ecosystems serve as a carbon sink under future climate scenarios. NPP in the Midwest will increase and net ecosystem production (NEP) will also increase and show an even larger interannual variability. This study provides the information of the biomass and NEP at a state- level in the Midwest, which will be valuable for the region stakeholders to better manage their land for the purpose of increasing carbon sequestration on the one hand and meeting the increasing demand of biomass on the other.
Stereotypy and the effects of temperature on some spatio-temporal subcomponents of the ‘courtship wave’ in the fiddler crabs Uca minax (Le Conte) and Uca pugnax (Smith) (Brachyura, Ocypodidae)

Abstract The effects of air temperature on some spatial and temporal subcomponents of the male wave display were investigated under laboratory conditions in the fiddler crabs, Uca minax and Uca pugnax . Also investigated were the stereotypies of these subcomponents. In general, wave duration, ascending and descending wave times decreased significantly with increasing air temperatures between 13 and 26 C. These decreases were generally not significant at air temperatures greater than 26 to 30 C. Wave frequency and the number of cheliped jerks ( U. minax ) increased with temperature, whereas the interwave time showed no systematic change with temperature. Uca pugnax had waves with discrete cheliped jerks at temperatures less than 20 C, whereas the wave appeared relatively smooth at higher temperatures. Temperature effects on waving varied between species and among behavioural contexts. Stereotypies of the wave subcomponents, as measured by the coefficient of variation, underwent no systematic change with temperature. However, stereotypies were different within and between species. Behavioural context also had an effect on subcomponent stereotypy. Comparisons of stereotypies yielded predictions concerning communication functions of waving subcomponents.
Dear President Bush: Assessing Religion and Politics during Your Administration for “Posteriority”

This paper is an exercise in the applied sociology of religion. And yet it is not quite what the phrase implies. It does not offer advice to help religious organizations increase their members or finetune their services, nor is it quite in the spirit of Kemal Attaturk's reliance on Emile Durkheim's work in secularizing his nation and pushing through some of the most thorough and most enduring cultural changes of any country in the 20th century. In fact, the one similarity between Attaturk and the case at issue here is that both involve turkeys. With all due respect to our nation's leader, what follows includes an array of such jibes but there is no humor in its conclusions. As a hypothetical letter of response to a hypothetical request, it falls into the literary category of a conceit, and it illustrates how even sophomoric attempts at humor can be a palliative for despair. Apologies are certainly in order to those it may offend. The paper reviews both domestic and foreign religious issues implicated during President George W. Bush's administration. Domestically, these range across his public pronouncements on issues such as gay marriage, stem-cell research, and intelligent design, his faith-based initiatives, and the religious strategy behind his two Presidential campaigns. In foreign affairs, they include his wars on terrorism, Iraq, and Islam, as well as his policies concerning Israel.
Probing the chemical kinetics of air pollution.

When used with care, kinetic studies can produce valuable results despite data uncertainties and mechanistic surprises.
Estimation of Safety Effectiveness of Widening Shoulders and Adding Passing Lanes on Rural Two-Lane Roads

There is a need to evaluate the costs and benefits of potential safety improvements so that limited budgets for low-volume roads may be used most effectively. Increasing the width of shoulders and adding passing lanes have been regarded as economical and effective safety improvements. The state of Kansas has more than 2,000 mi (3,219 km) of highway that may need these improvements, most of which are rural two-lane roads. This study considered how historical data and crash modification factors (CMFs) were combined to estimate the safety benefits of widening shoulders and adding passing lanes on rural two-lane roads. The objective was to determine specific CMFs for the state of Kansas and states with similar rural environments as well as to estimate the number of crashes avoided. Safety and traffic volume data for rural two-lane roads from 2000 to 2008 were obtained from the State of Kansas and combined with existing models from earlier studies to create state-specific CMFs to more accurately estimate safety benefits. It was determined in this study that CMFs for shoulder widening and the addition of passing lanes for low-volume roads are 0.95 and 0.65, respectively. These CMFs are based on shoulder widening from 2 ft (0.61 m) to 8 ft (2.44 m) or construction of a short four-lane passing section. From these results, 20-year projections were developed for the benefits in crash reductions that could be achieved through implementing these safety improvements.
Gabor-QR decomposition for image encoding

A new approach to Gabor transformation based on the QR decomposition, with potential applications to image sequence encoding, is proposed. This Gabor-QR scheme computes the exact Gabor coefficients by solving a system of linear equations Ax = b, which is more efficient than iterative schemes, and less complicated than other matrix-based methods. Experimental results from image encoding are presented.
Experimental examination of the appearance of vortices in He II taylor couette flow

Abstract We are investigating the appearance of quantized vorticity in rotating Couette flow of He II. Free energy arguments of Fetter precisely predict the rotational velocity for first appearance of vorticies in solid body rotation. (1) We have found, in agreement with other experiments, a value slightly lower than the theoretical value. The calculations of Fetter have also been generalized to non equilibrium shear flow in infinite cylinders by Swanson and Donnelly. (2) As with the solid body case, our results are somewhat different from these predictions which may be due to our finite geometry.
Personality trait dimensions and the pharmacological treatment of borderline personality disorder

The number of well-designed placebo-controlled studies on pharmacological treatment of borderline personality disorder has been small. We present a breakdown of results of placebo-controlled pharmacological studies, sorting target symptoms into the trait dimensions of affective instability, anxiety inhibition, cognitive-perceptual disturbances, and impulsivity-aggression. Twenty randomized placebo-controlled pharmacological trials studying typical and atypical antipsychotics, selective serotonin reuptake and monoamine oxidase inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, mood stabilizers, and benzodiazepines were included. A relative measure of the weight of an outcome was determined by (1) dividing the number of positive comparisons for a drug class by the total number of comparisons of all drugs of all classes for each dimension and (2) dividing the number of positive comparisons for a drug class by the total number of comparisons for that particular drug class for that trait dimension. Antipsychotics (neuroleptics and atypicals) had the most evidence for each of the traits with both methods. Our results are compared with the results of 2 meta-analyses, 1 guideline set, and 1 other systematic review. We found little concordance across these studies. We propose a consortium to discuss guidelines for future studies, including agreement as to what should be measured to determine the outcome and adoption of standardized instruments to measure that outcome.
The lived experience of pregnancy complications in single older women.

PURPOSE To explore the lived experience of single older women (35 years or older at time of birth) who experienced complications in their planned pregnancy. DESIGN AND METHODS Phenomenology, using semistructured interviews with 11 women between the ages of 35 to 48 years. RESULTS Six themes emerged: (a) motherhood now or never, (b) the known and unknown, (c) importance of support, (d) the stigma of single motherhood, (e) changing priorities, and (f) long-term concerns for themselves and child/children. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Nurses who work with pregnant women should understand as much as possible about the issues affecting older single women who choose pregnancy; this offers the best opportunity to provide comprehensive care. These women can be at increased risk for many pregnancy complications, and should receive counseling about their risks for both fetal and maternal complications. Nurses should also conduct a thorough psychosocial assessment to determine what support systems are in place and what resources are available if complications arise. In the intrapartum and postpartum settings, nurses can offer not only appropriate physical caregiving but also a supportive and caring attitude with women in this circumstance. Helping women maintain a sense of control by helping them to participate in their care planning is essential.
MR of post traumatic spinal cord lesions Unexpected improvement of hemorrhagic lesions

Fifteen patients who sustained spinal cord trauma were evaluated by MR within 72 hours of injury. Nine patients had hemorrhagic and six had nonhemorrhagic traumatic spinal cord lesions. Three patients with hemorrhagic and all six patients with nonhemorrhagic lesions showed some degree of neurological improvement on follow-up examinations. In two of the three patients with hemorrhagic lesions who improved, the hemorrhage was extensive. This supports the observation that hemorrhagic lesions are not always associated with a poor clinical outcome.
Auditing Issues with Chinese Reverse Merger Companies Traded in the United States

Recently there have been two issues related to Chinese companies seeking capital in the United States. The first issue is frauds that have been perpetrated by companies using reverse mergers in order to go public. The second issue is fraud in continuing audit engagements when there has been reliance by an American audit firm on a foreign accountant’s audit work. There is also conflict between the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) demanding to inspect audit workpapers for companies in China and the Chinese government’s refusal to let the PCAOB see these workpapers. These issues relate to characteristics of the practice of accounting and auditing in China that threaten auditor independence and audit quality. The paper discusses: (1) issues involving reverse mergers and the response of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to these issues, (2) issues involving reliance on the work of foreign Certified Public Accountants (CPAs) and the response of the PCAOB to these issues, (3) issues involving conflicts between U.S. regulatory agencies and the Chinese government over access to audit-related documents, and (4) suggestions for future research.
Clinical practice. Screening for ovarian cancer.

A 56-year-old woman presents to her physician, requesting screening for ovarian cancer. She reports the recent death of a friend from ovarian cancer at the age of 65 years. The patient has no family history of ovarian or breast cancer. The physical examination, including pelvic and rectal examination, is normal. Should the physician recommend screening for ovarian cancer?
Reduction of solar cell efficiency by edge defects across the back-surface-field junction:— A developed perimeter model☆

Material imperfections, impurity clusters and fabrication defects across the back-surface-field junction can degrade the performance of high-efficiency solar cells. The degradation from defects appearing on the circumference of a solar cell is analyzed using a two-region developed perimeter device model. The width of the defective perimeter region is characterized by the range or the distance-of-influence of the defective edge and this width is about two diffusion lengths. The defective edge is characterized by a surface recombination velocity. Family of theoretical curves and numerical examples are presented to show that significant reduction of open-circuit voltage can occur in high-efficiency cells which are thin compared with the diffusion length. In one example, the degradation is decreased from 135 mV to 75 mV when the cell size is increased from 10 to 100 times the diffusion length in a thin cell whose thickness is 1% of the diffusion length.
Synthesis and spectral properties of diethyl organylchalcogenoalkyl(alkyl)malonates, RX(CH2)nCR′(COOC2H5)2, and 5-alkyl-5-(organylchalcogenoalkyl)barbiturates, RX(CH2)nO (X = Se, Te)

Abstract Barbiturates substituted at the 5-position with organyltelluroalkyl or organylselenoalkyl groups were prepared by ring annulation of appropriately substituted diethyl malonates with urea or thiourea. The substituted diethyl malonates [phenyl-tellurobutyl(ethyl), i-propyltelluropropyl(ethyl), i-propyltelluropropyl(allyl), i-propylselenopropyl(ethyl), and phenylselenohexyl(methyl) were prepared in 55–91% yield by reaction of diethyl ω-bromoalkyl(alkyl)malonates with organyltellurolates or -selenolates (RXNa; X  Se, Te) in ethanol/benzene. The RXNa species were prepared by NaBH 4 reduction of the ditellurides (R 2 Te 2 ) or diselenides (R 2 Se 2 ) in ethanol/benzene. The ω-bromoalkyl(alkyl)malonates were obtained by reacting the sodio(alkyl)malonates, with α,ω-dibromoalkanes. Condensation of the diethyl organylchalcogenoalkyl(alkyl)malonates with an excess of urea or thiourea in dimethyl sulfoxide in the presence of potassium t-butoxide gave 5-organylchalcogenoalkyl-5-alkylbarbiturates or -thiobarbiturates. The following barbiturates were obtained in 28–84% yield: phenyltellurobutyl(ethyl), m.p. 100°C; i-propyltelluropropyl(ethyl), m.p. 119°C; i-propylselenopropyl(ethyl), m.p. 137°C; phenylselenohexyl(methyl), m.p. 124°C. The 5-substituted thiobarbiturates i-propyltelluropropyl(ethyl)- (m.p. 75°C) and i-propylselenopropyl(ethyl)thiobarbirurate (m.p. 83°C) were isolated in 32 and 20% yield, respectively. The barbiturates and thiobarbiturates were purified by chromatography and recrystallization and characterized by elemental analyses, mass spectrometry, 1 H, 125 Te and 77 Se NMR spectroscopy and UV-VIS spectrometry. The chalcogenobarbiturates radiolabeled with 123m Te or 77 Se may be useful as brain imaging agents.
Die Entwicklungsgeschichte der Spaltöffnungen einiger Monokotylen im Lichte der Micellierung und phys.-chem. Beschaffenheit der Wände

Es wurde der phys.-chem. Zustand und die Micellierung der sich entfaltenden Schlieszellen sowie deren Versenkung studiert. Hierbei ergab sich eine scharfe Beziehung zwischen diesen beiden Grosen und der grosten Dehnung. Die Zustande der Spaltoffnungs-Mutterzellen sind: kubische Zelle, Zweizellstadium, Radiomicellierung vor der Spaltbildung, Spaltbildung. Die Kutinwande der Ausenleisten und der Kutinschichten der Nebenzellen entstehen als Ergusse oft ohne Ordnung der Teilchen. Spater sind sie nach Art der Kohlehydratwande also perimicellat geordnet. Mit der Kutinisierung schlagt die Ordnung in Anti-micellierung um. Eigenartige Bildungen sind die Ergusse, welche die Buckel bilden. Die Mitte der Epidermiszellen hat oft eigenartige Ergusse, welche einen Wandel der Micellierung und damit Streckung der Zellen einleiten. Hierzu gehoren auch die langsmicellaten Querbanden, welche besondersAllium, Gagea undMuscari auszeichnen. Bei den Untersuchungen hat sich vornehmlich die metachromatische Farbung mit Substantiven Farben bewahrt. In vielen Fallen wurde mit dem Univertor von Busch gearbeitet, der Hell- und Dunkelfeld-Auflicht in raschem Wechsel zulast.
Interaction in vivo between strong closely spaced constitutive promoters.

Abstract By genetic recombination procedures we have constructed strains of Escherichia coli K12 wherein up to three strong promoters ostensibly could function simultaneously and independently in the formation of messenger RNA molecules which specify tryptophan synthase. In all such multiple promoter cases, enzyme production falls short of the levels predicted from summing the measured contributions of each promoter taken singly. Possible molecular explanations for this phenomenon, which can produce apparent interferences in enzyme production as high as 42%, are considered.
Water mobility in Calico Hills tuff measured by quasielastic neutron scattering

[1] Quasielastic neutron scattering (QNS) was used to measure the mobility of water in tuff at low saturation. The tuff sample is from a surface outcrop of the Calico Hills formation, which lies below the proposed location for a high-level nuclear waste repository, at Yucca Mountain, NV. The sample is a devitrified tuff composed mainly of zeolites and having clinoptilolite (approximately 70%), mordenite, and opal-CT as major constituents. The sample is an air dry, intact core sample. QNS measurements were made in the range 200 K to 423 K. Rotational motion of adsorbed water is easily observable and translational motion is observable at higher temperatures. The tuff data are analyzed to determine the rotational diffusion coefficient and the translational diffusion coefficient. The results yield a translational diffusion coefficient in the tuff that is significantly lower than that of bulk water but higher than for water in montmorillonite or vermiculite clays.
SPT sequencing with dependent processing times

Abstract This paper investigates the applicability of SPT-based strategies to situations where the processing time for a particular task is not known until some other task has been completed. For comparison a random strategy is used. Two cases are considered: the static case which assumes that all jobs to be processed are present in the shop, and the dynamic case in which jobs arrive randomly over time. The improvement in flow time resulting from the SPT-based strategy is quantified analytically for the static case. For the dynamic case some simulation results are presented. Both sets of results indicate that SPT is a very robust strategy which results in significant reductions in a wide variety of situations.
Microstructural evolution in the heat-affected zone of a friction stir weld

The microstructure and crystallographic texture spanning the soft region at the thermomechanically affected zone/heat-affected zone (TMAZ/HAZ) boundary of a friction stir weld in 2519 Al were systematically investigated to determine their contributions to the properties of that region. The microstructure was shown to be the primary cause of softening at the TMAZ/HAZ boundary. During welding, fine ϑ′ precipitates responsible for much of the strength in this alloy coarsen and transform to the equilibrium ϑ phase in the HAZ and into the TMAZ, accounting for the observed softening through the HAZ region. The higher temperatures achieved in the TMAZ partially resolutionize the precipitates and allow the subsequent formation of Guinier-Preston (GP) zones during cooling. These two processes are responsible for the variation in microhardness observed in the TMAZ/HAZ region. Texture analyses revealed significant differences in the crystallographic texture across this region that were primarily due to macroscopic rigid-body rotations of the grains, but do not account for the observed softening. The effect of the observed microstructural evolutions on the friction stir welding (FSW) deformation field and on the fracture behavior of the weld are also discussed.
Self-Sensing Photoactive Thin Films for Monitoring Space Structures

Reusable and on-orbit space structures endure harsh operating conditions and can sustain damage due to impact by micrometeoroids and orbital debris. Thus, it is necessary to develop and implement suitable sensing technologies for monitoring space structure performance, detecting damage, and preventing catastrophic failure from occurring. The challenge however is to tailor these sensors for operating in such unique environments and constraints. One such limitation is the amount of energy available for powering onboard sensing systems. Thus, the objective of this study is to design and characterize the properties of a novel self-sensing photoactive thin film. Self-sensing is encoded by designing the films to generate a photocurrent in response to illuminated light so that no electrical energy is needed for powering the sensor, and photocurrent generated varies with applied strain. First, the self-sensing thin films were fabricated using poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWNT). Two different sets of films, ones with and without DWNTs, were fabricated. Second, photocurrent generation was validated. Then, tensile tests were conducted for characterizing their strain sensing performance. Lastly, current-voltage measurements were also obtained for characterizing thin film shunt and series resistance relationships to applied strains. The results showed that photocurrent varied linearly with applied tensile strains, and this was mainly due to the effects of P3HT alignment and shunt resistance changes of the photoactive thin films.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
The development of skin mucous glands ofXenopus laevis during metamorphosis.

As the number of multicellular mucous glands increases in the skin ofXenopus laevis larvae during metamorphosis, the acid mucopolysaccharide (AMPS) content of the skin increases also. Purification of this skin AMPS by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed a major band characteristic of adult mucous secretion. Incorporation of14C-galactose into this band increases during metamorphosis, but there is still a substantial synthesis of this material in premetamorphic skin that lacks mature mucous glands. This raises the question of whether the epidermal cells that had been making mucus in premetamorphic skin stop this activity as mucous glands develop, or whether they are discarded and replaced by a new population of epidermal cells that do not make mucus unless they develop into a mucous gland.
Analysis of kaolinite in coal by infrared spectroscopy

The use of Fourier tranform infrared techniques in the analysis of kaolinite in coal is described, and problems are discussed which result in significant errors by use of the method. (4 refs.)
The effects of mother-son incest

Parsons has popularized the myth that mother-son incest is the most damaging form of incest. A review of sixteen cases casts doubts on this belief. It was found that responses to this type of incest are multi-dimensional, representing an extraordinary range of behavior not foreseen by Parsons. This leads to the conclusion that motherson incest does not trigger some innate biological response, but that the effects are more directly related to the symbolic meanings attributed to this act by the participants.
Pilot study of treatment for major depression among women prisoners with substance use disorder

This study, the largest randomized controlled trial of treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD) in an incarcerated population to date, wave-randomized 38 incarcerated women (6 waves) with MDD who were attending prison substance use treatment to adjunctive group interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) for MDD or to an attention-matched control condition. Intent-to-treat analyses found that IPT participants had significantly lower depressive symptoms at the end of 8 weeks of in-prison treatment than did control participants. Control participants improved later, after prison release. IPT's rapid effect on MDD within prison may reduce serious in-prison consequences of MDD.
The effect of grade retention on educational and labor market outcomes

Abstract Grade retention is a major issue in the ongoing debate over how to improve primary and secondary education in the United States. This paper examines the retention decision and its empirical effects using an economic framework. Within our model, the retention decision is endogenous with respect to such observables as dropping out of school and labor market earnings and this endogeneity needs to be accounted for in empirical work. In the empirical section of the paper we use the High School and Beyond (HSB) data set to examine the effects of retention on the probability of dropping out of high school and on labor market earnings several years after the student has entered the workforce. We account for the endogeneity of grade retention by using instrumental variables (IV) estimation where the key instrument is based on exogenous variation across states in kindergarten entry dates.
Spin label EPR structural studies of the N-terminus of α-spectrin

Spectrin, a vital component in human erythrocyte, is composed of α- and β-subunits, which associate to form (αβ)2 tetramers. The tetramerization site is believed to involve the α-spectrin N-terminus and the β-spectrin C-terminus. Abnormal interactions in this region may lead to blood disorders. It has been proposed that both termini consist of partial structural domains and that tetramerization involves the association of these partial domains. We have studied the N-terminal region of a model peptide for α-spectrin by making a series of double spin-labeled peptides and studying their dipolar interaction by electron paramagnetic resonance methods. Our results indicate that residues 21–42 of the N-terminus region exhibit an α-helical conformation, even in the absence of β-spectrin.
Infections Following Orthotopic Liver Transplantation

The epidemiology of infections associated with orthotopic liver transplantation is summarized herein, and approaches to prophylaxis are outlined. Infection is a major complication following orthotopic liver transplantation, and more than half of transplant recipients develop at least one infection. The risk of infection is highest in the first month after transplantation, and the most common pathogens are bacteria and cytomegalovirus (CMV). Bacterial infections usually occur in the first month, arise in the abdomen, and are caused by aerobes. The peak incidence of CMV infection is late in the first month and early in the second month after transplantationn. CMV syndromes include fever and neutropenia, hepatitis, pneumonitis, gut ulceration, and disseminated infection. Other significant problems are Candida intraabdominal infection, Herpes simplex mucocutaneous infection or hepatitis, adenovirus hepatitis, and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Prophylaxis of infection in liver transplant recipients has not been well-studied. Several different regimens of parenteral, oral absorbable, and/or oral non-absorbable antibiotics active against bacteria and yeast have been used at various centers, but no randomized controlled trials have been conducted. Selective bowel decontamination appears to be a promising approach to the prevention of bacterial and Candida infections, while oral acyclovir may be a relatively convenient and effective agent for CMV prophylaxis.
Topology optimization with multiple phase projection

Topology optimization is a powerful tool capable of generating new solutions to engineering design problems. While these designs may offer optimal performance in a computational setting, it is not uncommon for them to be impractical or unrealizable from engineering or fabrication points-of-view. This challenge motivates the present work. A methodology is proposed for restricting the minimum length scale of each material phase used in the design. The technique allows a designer to, for example, prescribe a minimum allowable length scale of structural members (solid phase) as well as the minimum allowable length scale on holes (void phase). The proposed approach utilizes the Heaviside Projection Method (HPM) to continuum topology optimization. Each material phase is associated with a design variable field that is projected onto element space using regularized Heaviside functions. The fields are independently projected and the resulting distributions are assembled to yield topology. The technique is demonstrated on classic topology optimization problems including minimum compliance, heat conduction, and compliant mechanisms. Solutions are shown to be near-discrete topologies satisfying minimum length scale criterion placed on each phase. Control over length scale is achieved implicitly and therefore the technique does not require additional constraints.
C-reactive protein and Limulus amebocyte lysate assay in diagnosis of bacterial meningitis

7. Slifkin M, Gil GM. Evaluation of the Culturette Brand Ten-Minute Group A Strep ID technique. J Clin MicrobioI 1984;20:12. 8. Chang M J, Mohla C. Ten-minute detection of group A streptococci in pediatric throat swabs. J Clin Microbiol 1985;21:258. 9. Miceika BG, Vitous AS, Thompson KD. Detection of group A streptococcal antigen directly from throat swa'bs with a ten-minute latex agglutination test. J Clin Microbiol 1985;21:467. 10. Berkowitz CD, Anthony BF, Kaplan EL, et al. A cooperative study of latex agglutination to identify group A streptococcal antigen in throat swabs of patients with acute pharyngitis. J PEDIATR 1985;107:89. 11. Godsey J, Schulman R, Eriquez L. The hydrolysis of 12.
Maintenance of Cell Viability

An early distinction between the early and reversible changes of cellular ischemia and the irreversible changes of cell necrosis is essential to a rational program for the treatment of coronary artery disease, to a definition of the permissible limits of nonperfusion of the anoxic arrested heart at open-heart surgery, and to a determination of the maximal allowable transport time for cardiac transplantation. The factors in the myocardial cellular environment that support cellular viability and help maintain homeostasis are reviewed. Reversible surgically induced anoxic arrest is contrasted with the irreversible arrest and cell necrosis which often attend the myocardial anoxia of coronary occlusion. The enhancement of glycolysis, other changes in carbohydrate metabolism, and the depressed oxidation and lipid storage associated with alterations in lipid metabolism are outlined and their interrelationships discussed. The effect of the myocardial tissue acidosis which accompanies ischemic metabolism is an important factor in determining the reversibility of the effects of ischemia. The probable role of myocardial acid hydrolases in pathological ischemic autolysis is described. A sequence of cellular events induced by ischemia and leading to ultimate cell death is outlined. Promising areas for future investigation into the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction and into improved methods of treatment are suggested.
Comparison of Liver Biopsy and Noninvasive Methods for Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Background & Aims: Current management guidelines for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) do not require biopsy to prove the diagnosis. We evaluated our experience of patients with liver disease and hepatic lesions suspicious for HCC who underwent both fine-needle aspiration and core biopsy and correlated the results with those from commonly used noninvasive approaches. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the outcomes of a series of patients undergoing biopsy because of a suspicion of HCC and compared sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of biopsy with existing noninvasive methods for diagnosing HCC. Results: HCC was diagnosed by biopsy in 74 (63%) of 118 cases, and an additional 10 were found to have HCC on follow-up. Patients with positive biopsy results had significantly higher serum α-fetoprotein levels (median, 57 vs 12; P = .014) than those with negative biopsies, although these 2 groups were otherwise similar with regard to tests of liver function, lesion size on imaging, and Child-Pugh class. No patient developed evidence of tumor spread along the needle track after biopsy. We compared the diagnosis of HCC by biopsy with noninvasive diagnostic criteria advocated by the European Association for the Study of the Liver and those used by the United Network for Organ Sharing. Compared with criteria of the European Association for the Study of the Liver and the United Network for Organ Sharing, biopsy had greater sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value. Conclusions: We recommend a greater role for image-guided biopsy of lesions greater than 1 cm clinically suspicious for HCC to allow adequate treatment planning because the risks of biopsy appear small and the potential benefits significant. Obtaining material for both cytologic and histologic examination at biopsy maximizes the diagnostic yield.