cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Expression of a type II collagen-specific TCR transgene accelerates the onset of arthritis in mice

Animal models of autoimmune diseases have been instrumental in advancing our understanding of autoimmunity in humans. Collagen-induced arthritis in mice is an autoimmune disease model of rheumatoid arthritis, which is MHC class II restricted and CD4 T cell dependent. To better understand the fundamental role of T cells in arthritis, we have generated a transgenic mouse carrying the rearranged Valpha11.1 and Vbeta8.2 TCR chain genes isolated from a type II collagen (CII)-specific T cell hybridoma. Cell surface analysis indicated that Vbeta8.2 chain was expressed on the surface of nearly all peripheral T cells. Analysis of T cell subsets in transgenic mice revealed a profound skewing in peripheral T cells towards the CD4 population. Although peripheral T cells were not tolerant to CII and responded to CII stimulation in vitro, transgenic mice did not develop spontaneous arthritis. However, a rapid onset of arthritis with severe clinical signs was detected in transgenic mice after immunization with CII in complete Freund's adjuvant. Histological analysis of inflamed joints showed a great resemblance to arthritic joints in man. This unique transgenic mouse model provides valuable insights into the mechanism of arthritis and into potential specific immune interventions.
Neither barium nor calcium prevents the inhibition by Bacillus thuringiensis δ-endotoxin of sodium- or potassium gradient-dependent amino acid accumulation by tobacco hornworm midgut brush border membrane vesicles

Rapid filtration assays were used to determine the effects of barium, calcium and an insecticidal δ-endotoxin from Bacillus thuringiensis on sodium and potassium ion gradient dependent phenylalanine accumulation by brush border membrane vescles from the larval midgut of the tobacco hornworm (Manduca sexta). Neither barium nor calcium had a significant effect on sodium ion gradient dependent phenylalanine accumulation by the membrane vesicles. Both barium and calcium inhibited potassium ion gradient dependent phenylalanine accumulation by the membrane vesicles. B. thuringiensis δ-endotoxin inhibited both sodium and potassium ion gradient dependent phenylalanine accumulation by the vesicles. Inhibition of both sodium and potassium ion gradient dependent phenylalanine accumulation increased similarly with increasing δ-endotoxin inhibition of either sodium or potassium dependent phenylalanine accumulation by the vesicles.
Caught Napping: Images of Surveillance, Discipline and Punishment on the Body of the Schoolchild

The authors' research is concerned with the use of visual imagery as data to examine schools and schooling. In attempting to develop knowledge further by incorporating the visual in educational research, they draw on a hybrid mix of disciplines including sociology, ethnography, history and the humanities. Many scholars and historians writing about the history of education emphasize written texts (e.g. formal curricula, school board minutes); photographers and visual artists depict the physical arrangements, postures and facial expressions of bodies within socially constructed spaces. Currently, some historians are attempting to open up new methodologies and theoretical perspectives for the inclusion of images as data, while others remain ambivalent about the legitimacy of visual data of educational history. In this article, the authors discuss images of three lessons that the body is subjected to as essential elements of schooling: surveillance, discipline and punishment. They argue for the usefulness of ...
Nanoindentation of patterned metal lines on a Si substrate

Abstract A systematic experimental study of nanoindentation on unidirectionally patterned aluminum lines on a Si substrate has been conducted. The results show that the observed increase in indentation compliance with decreasing line width cannot be rationalized on the basis of continuum considerations. A simple mechanistic model based on discrete dislocations is suggested.
Schedule dependent tumour growth delay, DNA cross-linking and pharmacokinetic parameters in target tissues with cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) and etanidazole with or without hyperthermia or radiation.

It has been reported previously that striking increases in tumour growth delay and cytotoxicity are seen when cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (CDDP) is combined with mild local hyperthermia (43 degrees C, 30 min) and/or etanidazole (ETA). This paper reports a study of CDDP pharmacology and the in vivo tumour DNA cross-linking produced by these combinations. In C3H mice bearing the FSaIIC murine fibrosarcoma, Pt plasma pharmacokinetics were not significantly altered by any of the combination of treatments. Although ETA caused no significant change in CDDP tissue pharmacokinetics, treatment of the tumour-bearing limb with hyperthermia immediately following an i.p. injection of CDDP (10 mg/kg) resulted in an increased peak Pt concentration (3.5 versus 2.8 micrograms Pt/g tumour wet weight) and doubled the t1/2 elimination of Pt (15 to 30 h) from the tumour. Similar heat-induced changes were observed in the Pt pharmacokinetics in skin. There was about a three-fold increase in the Pt area under the curve (AUC) for the tumour, a 1.5-fold increase in the AUC for skin and little change in the AUC for muscle with hyperthermia. When the tumour DNA cross-linking factor (CLF) was determined, it was found that local hyperthermia treatment (43 degrees C, 30 min) increased the CLF of CDDP from 1.7 to 2.7 and hyperthermia (43 degrees C, 1 h) further increased the CLF to 6.1. Misonidazole (MISO) (1 g/kg) increased the CDDP CLF to 2.0, 6.3 and 15.1 in conjunction with 37, 43 (30 min) and 43 degrees C (1 h), respectively. ETA (1 g/kg) was more effective than MISO at increasing the CDDP CLF, producing CLFs of 2.8, 9.1 and 21.5 at 37, 43 (30 min) and 43 degrees C (1 h), respectively. These changes in CLF were reflected in an increased tumour growth delay in the FSaIIC murine fibrosarcoma with CDDP (5 mg/kg) alone from 4.4 to 5.9 days with 43 degrees C (30 min) and then to 11.9 days with ETA (1 g/kg) and 20.9 days with both ETA and local hyperthermia (43 degrees C, 30 min). When CDDP, ETA and hyperthermia were added to a radiation schedule of 300 cGy daily for five days, it was found that giving ETA (1 g/kg), CDDP (5 mg/kg) and hyperthermia (43 degrees C, 30 min) together on day 1 produced the largest tumour growth delay (43 days) and that other schedules which divided the dose of ETA over the other days of the radiation treatment (including one schedule with a second heat treatment on day 4) were significantly inferior.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Axial dispersion and mixing phenomena of the gas phase in a packed pebble-bed reactor

Abstract The knowledge and proper analyses of axial dispersion and the mixing phenomena of the coolant gas flow in the dynamic core of pebble-bed nuclear reactors are useful for safe design and efficient operation of these reactors. These processes can be characterized in terms of the residence time distribution and quantified in terms of the axial dispersion coefficient. Therefore, in this work, the axial dispersion coefficients of the gas phase and their residence time distributions were measured experimentally in a separate effect pilot-plant scale and cold-flow experimental setup of 0.3 m in diameter, using a sophisticated and advanced gaseous tracer technique. The non-ideal flow of the gas phase in the pebble bed was described using the axial dispersion model (ADM). The effect of the gas velocity on the axial dispersion was investigated using a range of velocities from 0.01 to 2 m/s, covering both the laminar and turbulent flow regimes. The effect of the bed structure (pebble size) on the axial dispersion coefficient was investigated, and the results indicate that the pebble size strongly affects axial dispersion and mixing in the packed pebble-bed reactor. The results show that the flow pattern of the gas phase does not deviate much from the idealized plug-flow condition at high flow rate, which depends on the gas flow rate and the bed structure of the pebble-bed. The present work provides insight on the extent of mixing and dispersion in the gas phase in the studied bed using an advanced gas dynamics technique and methodology that properly accounts for the external dispersion.
Does Malrotation of the Tibial and Femoral Components Compromise Function in Kinematically Aligned Total Knee Arthroplasty

Internal and external malrotation of the femoral and tibial components is associated with poor function after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). We determined the degree of malrotation for both components in kinematically aligned TKA and whether this malrotation compromised function. Seventy-one patients (mean age 68 years) were followed after TKA. Malrotation was measured. Simple regression determined the association between malrotation and function. Even though the range of malrotation of the tibial component can be greater than that of the femoral component, the malrotation of the femoral and tibial components bounded by the ranges reported in this study is compatible with a well-functioning TKA.
Abstract MP07: Rising Incidence and Prevalence of Atrial Fibrillation from 2004 to 2013: A Community-Based Study Using Electronic Medical Records

Introduction: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia observed in clinical practice and is associated with an elevated risk of stroke and mortality. Evaluating community-level temporal trends in AF incidence and prevalence serve to describe the evolving public health and clinical burden of AF, however recent studies describing AF trends in community-based settings have been inconsistent, with no recent data evaluating trends among individuals under 65 years of age. Accordingly, this study sought to describe community-level trends in AF incidence and prevalence from 2004 to 2013 using the electronic medical records (EMR) of a single, large health care system. Methods: This study includes 329,634 patients receiving primary care and other health care services through the Geisinger Health System (Geisinger) over at least a two-year period. Geisinger consists of over 40 outpatient and seven inpatient facilities spread throughout central and northeastern Pennsylvania. Geisinger’s extensive EMR data repository contains information on demographics, vital signs, social history, diagnoses, medical history, problem lists, medications, procedures, laboratory results, and billing information from all Geisinger encounters since 2001. Incident and prevalent AF were identified by ICD-9 codes observed within any EMR domain. For incident AF, cases had no AF ICD-9 code in the EMR for at least two years prior to the diagnosis. Incidence and prevalence rates were age- and sex-adjusted to the 2010 US census and reported per 1000 person-years (persons). Stratified rates are reported across age groups ( 85) and sex. Results: Age- and sex-adjusted AF incidence rates remained relatively stable from 2004 to 2008, but increased sharply thereafter. Incidence rates were 5.0, 5.2, and 8.4 cases per 1000 person-years in 2004, 2008, and 2013, respectively. The overall annual increase was 5.5% per year (95% CI: 4.8, 6.3%). Incidence rates increased significantly in all age and gender groups, with the largest relative increase observed among patients Conclusions: AF incidence and prevalence have been increasing in the community over the last 10 years. Increases were observed in all age and gender groups, with notable increases in the very young. Prevailing trends may be attributable to increased application of AF diagnostics in an aging population and/or an increased clinical recognition of AF due to the recent availability of novel oral anticoagulants for stroke prevention. A mature EMR system functioning within a large health care system can be a powerful tool for performing epidemiologic studies and disease surveillance.
Recognizing hand-object interactions in wearable camera videos

Wearable computing technologies are advancing rapidly and enabling users to easily record daily activities for applications such as life-logging or health monitoring. Recognizing hand and object interactions in these videos will help broaden application domains, but recognizing such interactions automatically remains a difficult task. Activity recognition from the first-person point-of-view is difficult because the video includes constant motion, cluttered backgrounds, and sudden changes of scenery. Recognizing hand-related activities is particularly challenging due to the many temporal and spatial variations induced by hand interactions. We present a novel approach to recognize hand-object interactions by extracting both local motion features representing the subtle movements of the hands and global hand shape features to capture grasp types. We validate our approach on multiple egocentric action datasets and show that state-of-the-art performance can be achieved by considering both local motion and global appearance information.
Solid-state potentiometer

A particular transducer application of a piezoresistive semiconductor is presented. This application and its associated engineering approaches are treated as a medium for (1) clarification of a structural engineering problem which arises in single-crystal semiconductor studies; and (2) definition of an error in the design approaches of suppliers and users of piezoresistive devices.
A System of Motion Pictures with Sound

It is the purpose of this paper to present a brief sketch of a method of recording and reproducing sounds to accompany the action of motion pictures and to demonstrate one form of the results.
Additively manufactured medical products – the FDA perspective

Additive manufacturing/3D printing of medical devices is becoming more commonplace, a 3D printed drug is now commercially available, and bioprinting is poised to transition from laboratory to market. Despite the variety of technologies enabling these products, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is charged with protecting and promoting the public health by ensuring these products are safe and effective. To that end, we are presenting the FDA’s current perspective on additive manufacturing/3D printing of medical products ranging from those regulated by the Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH), the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), and the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER). Each Center presents an overview of the additively manufactured products in their area and the specific concerns and thoughts on using this technology in those product spaces.
MICROWAVE RADIOMETRY FOR CONTINUOUS NON-CONTACT TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS DURING MICROWAVE HEATING

Temperature measurement during microwave heating in industrial and commercial processes can improve quality, throughput, and energy conservation. Conventional ways of measuring temperature inside a microwave oven cavity are costly, inconvenient, or unsuitable for high-volume industrial applications. In this paper, we describe the theory of microwave radiometry as applied to the measurement of temperature during microwave heating. By extending the theory of radiative transfer to the case of thermal microwave radiation inside a cavity, we show that the same characteristics which make a microwave cavity suitable for heating materials also assist in obtaining meaningful temperature data with microwave radiometry. We present experimental data from the heating of liquid and solid materials which confirm the essential features of the theory, and show agreement between this method and more conventional methods of ±4 C.
First Principles Study of the Structure and Elastic Properties of Thorium Metal

Thorium has long been considered a possible source of fuel for use in power generating nuclear reactors. While much attention and interest have focused on thorium oxide, metallic thorium alloys were investigated in the past as fuel candidates for fast and thermal breeder reactors. In this work, thorium’s two solid allotropes (face centered cubic α and body centered cubic β) are modelled using Density Functional Theory (DFT). The Vienna Ab Initio Simulation Package (VASP) is used to determine structural and elastic properties, as well as the density of states. The Voigt-Reuss-Hill approximations are used to predict the phases’ bulk moduli, shear moduli, Young’s moduli, and Poisson’s ratios. Four exchange-correlation potentials are used and compared. These are the LDA, the PBE-GGA, the RPBE, and the PBEsol. All potentials showed relatively good accuracy when predicting the lattice constant. The RPBE was the most accurate, slightly over predicting by < 0.2%. The RPBE and the PBE-GGA were the most accurate in predicting elastic properties, performing almost equally, while slightly over predicting most values.
Multiphase and Multispecies Transport in Porous Media

The fundamental concepts, definitions, alternative expressions of species content in pore fluids and porous formations, and the mass, momentum, and energy conservation laws in multiphase and multispecies systems in porous media are presented. This background information is required in subsequent chapters for modeling of the various types of processes causing formation damage.
Dying to Know

The previous chapters introduced some topics unfamiliar to ordinary philosophical discourse: for instance, God's authoritative call , God's intervening Spirit , and human transformation by noncoercive divine power . We need to fill out these topics in connection with both the proposed cognitive shift in knowledge of divine reality and the dire human predicament of destructive selfishness and impending death. This chapter undertakes that task. We shall see that the ways of a perfectly loving God are unsettling indeed, and call for the killing of certain wayward human attitudes and deeds, for the sake of needed human transformation by divine power. Firsthand knowledge of divine reality follows suit, as this chapter shows in its moving further from abstraction to specific features of knowing the reality of the perfectly loving Jewish and Christian God. Hence, we may talk of “dying to know” God's reality. SPIRIT Given the evidence and argument of the previous chapters, we may say that a perfectly loving God goes beyond revelation as the imparting of information and nonpersonal experience to revelation as purposively available divine self-revelation. This God, being perfectly loving, offers a distinctive kind of purposively available evidence widely overlooked in philosophical and theological discussions of divine reality. Given our root problem of selfishness, the evidence includes divine self-revelation in the intended imparting of God's Spirit to humans as the irreducibly personal power behind volitional transformation of humans toward God's moral character.
Pharmacotherapies for Cannabis Use Disorders

Few specific treatments have been developed for cannabis use disorders, and treatments that have been examined have had limited efficacy, with few individuals achieving abstinence. As such, there is significant interest in the development of new treatment approaches for cannabis dependence. Recently, numerous studies have evaluated potential pharmacological interventions either targeting withdrawal symptoms in early cannabis abstinence, or as complements to psychosocial treatments in abstinence initiation, or relapse prevention. Medications have also been evaluated for treatment of individuals with comorbid cannabis dependence, and other psychiatric disorders. Studies have produced mixed results, and currently, no medication is approved for treatment of cannabis withdrawal or dependence. Further studies are needed to evaluate the use of medications to treat cannabis use disorders.
Rural energy access through solar home systems: Use patterns and opportunities for improvement

Solar photovoltaic (PV) products are touted as a leading solution to long-term electrification and development problems in rural parts of Sub-Saharan Africa. Yet there is little available data on the interactions between solar products and other household energy sources (which solar PVs are often assumed to simply displace) or the extent to which actual use patterns match up with the uses presumed by manufacturers and development agencies. This paper probes those questions through a survey that tracked approximately 500 early adopters of solar home systems in two off-grid markets in Africa. We find that these products were associated with large reductions in the use of kerosene and the charging of mobile phones outside the home. To a lesser extent, the use of small disposable batteries also decreased. However, solar home systems were, for the most part, not used to power radios, TVs, or flashlights. We also did not observe adopter households using these solar products to support income-generating activities.
Application of established pathophysiologic processes brings greater clarity to diagnosis and treatment of hyponatremia

Hyponatremia, serum sodium < 135 mEq/L, is the most common electrolyte abnormality and is in a state of flux. Hyponatremic patients are symptomatic and should be treated but our inability to consistently determine the causes of hyponatremia has hampered the delivery of appropriate therapy. This is especially applicable to differentiating syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis (SIAD) from cerebral salt wasting (CSW) or more appropriately, renal salt wasting (RSW), because of divergent therapeutic goals, to water-restrict in SIAD and administer salt and water in RSW. Differentiating SIAD from RSW is extremely difficult because of identical clinical parameters that define both syndromes and the mindset that CSW occurs rarely. It is thus insufficient to make the diagnosis of SIAD simply because it meets the defined characteristics. We review the pathophysiology of SIAD and RSW, the evolution of an algorithm that is based on determinations of fractional excretion of urate and distinctive responses to saline infusions to differentiate SIAD from RSW. This algorithm also simplifies the diagnosis of hyponatremic patients due to Addison's disease, reset osmostat and prerenal states. It is a common perception that we cannot accurately assess the volume status of a patient by clinical criteria. Our algorithm eliminates the need to determine the volume status with the realization that too many factors affect plasma renin, aldosterone, atrial/brain natriuretic peptide or urine sodium concentration to be useful. Reports and increasing recognition of RSW occurring in patients without evidence of cerebral disease should thus elicit the need to consider RSW in a broader group of patients and to question any diagnosis of SIAD. Based on the accumulation of supporting data, we make the clinically important proposal to change CSW to RSW, to eliminate reset osmostat as type C SIAD and stress the need for a new definition of SIAD.
Website Characteristics and Physician Reviews on Commercial Physician-Rating Websites

Patients are increasingly seeking information about physicians online. Nearly 60% report that online reviews are important when choosing a physician.1 Because publicly reported quality data are not reported at the physician level, patients must consult physician-rating websites to find such reviews.2 The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to describe the structure of commercial physician-rating websites and the quantity of physician reviews on these sites.
Abstract 159: Beneficial Cardiac Effects of Caloric Restriction in a Murine Model of Obesity Are Attenuated with Age

Introduction: Obesity is associated with increased myocardial steatosis, cardiac dysfunction, mitochondrial uncoupling, and increased apoptosis. Caloric restriction (CR) in older leptin deficient ob/obobese micefails to reduce cardiac steatosis and apoptosis but improves mitochondrial function. This discordant response to caloric restriction and the role of aging in this process are not well understood. Methods: We studied 4 month (younger) and 8 month (older) old ob/ob mice and age matched C57BL/6J controls. In each age group, ob/ob mice were assigned to ad lib (AL-ob) or calorie restriction (CR-ob) for 4 weeks. We performed echocardiograms, myocardial triglyceride assays, Oil Red O staining, LC-MS/MS ceramide species measurements, and Western blots. Whole animal metabolism was measured using indirect calorimetry. Results: In younger mice, CR reversed the adverse cardiac effects of obesity by reducing heart weight and ventricular wall thickness, reversing myocardial steatosis measured by myocardial TG assay and Oil red O staining, and upregulating phosphorylation of Akt. This was associated with improvement in diastolic function demonstrated by reduction in isovolumetric relaxation time by echocardiography. In contrast, none of these beneficial changes were observed in the older mice. Whole animal metabolism showed that younger CR-ob mice had decreased respiratory exchange ratio compared to AL-ob, indicating greater reliance on fat as a source of energy. Interestingly, the effect of CR on lipotoxicity measured by the composition of ceramides was similar in both age groups. Conclusion: In this model of obesity, aging attenuates the benefits of CR on myocardial structure and function. This may be due to older animals’ decreased ability to reverse myocardial steatosis and/or accumulation of oxidative damage over time, and the loss of Akt activation with age.
Atmospheric neutrinos and proton decay in Super-Kamiokande and Hyper-Kamiokande

Abstract Super-Kamiokande is a 50 kton water Cherenkov detector, which has been in operation since 1996. Super-Kamiokande atmospheric neutrino data have a preference for the normal neutrino mass hierarchy ( Δ χ 2 = χ N H 2 − χ I H 2 = − 4.3 ) when the constraints from reactor neutrino experiments are included. The search for tau neutrino appearance from neutrino oscillations has resulted in a 4.6σ exclusion of the hypothesis of no tau appearance. Hyper-Kamiokande is a proposed next-generation water Cherenkov detector, which will be a natural extension of Super-Kamiokande. The proposed experiment will have two cylindrical tanks containing 520 kton of water in total. Hyper-K will search for CP violation using the neutrino beam from J-PARC, and will have a broad physics program including studies of atmospheric neutrinos, supernova burst neutrinos, geo-neutrinos and searches for proton decay.
Abstract 11346: A Novel Approach to Vascular Endothelial Cell Dysfunction With 5-Aminoimidazole-4-Carboxamide-3-Ribonucleoside (AICAR) in Cardiovascular Disease

Vascular inflammation and decreased endothelial cell (EC) function are common characteristics of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and hypertension. We and others have shown adenosine-monophosphate protein kinase (AMPK)-activators with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-3-ribonucleoside (AICAR) treatment can lower blood pressure, ameliorate EC dysfunction, and decrease systemic vascular inflammation in experimental models of hypertension. While the mechanisms by which AICAR improves CV and EC function remain poorly understood, it has been proposed that regulation of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and cell adhesion protein molecules such as intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1) in addition to direct vasoactive effects may play a role. Thus, it was hypothesized AICAR would decrease ICAM-1 and ET-1 expression, and improve EC health and function. Primary human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) (Passages 1-4) were treated with 2mM AICAR +/- an AMPK blocker (100uM Compound C, CC). Media and cell protein extractions were collected for further analysis. Endothelial barrier function, cell adhesion, viability, and migration changes following AICAR treatment were also measured. Vasodilatory effects were measured in virgin (n=4) female Sprague Dawley rats. All animal experimental protocols were approved by the University of Oregon’s IACUC. Increased p-AMPKα/AMPKα (P
FDG PET/CT for Early Detection and Localization of Left Ventricular Assist Device Infection: Impact on Patient Management and Outcome

Abstract Objectives The feasibility of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) for the diagnosis of left ventricular assist device (LVAD) infection has been demonstrated. Beyond the diagnoses of LVAD infection, the authors hypothesized that the pattern and site of the infection along its various components may significantly impact clinical management and patient outcome. Background In patients with end-stage heart failure, the clinical use of LVAD for destination therapy is on the rise, accompanied by a higher prevalence of infections and serious complications. Methods FDG PET/CT was performed in 35 heart failure patients with LVAD, 24 with and 11 without clinical suspicion of infection. Microbiology and/or clinical follow-up were used as the final diagnosis standard. Survival rates were compared in patients with and without FDG evidence of infection, and in relation to peripheral (exit wound site or driveline) versus central (cannula or pump) device infection. Results Of 35 patients, 28 (80%) showed metabolic evidence of LVAD infection: 5 limited to the periphery and 23 with extension to the central components of the device. The remaining 7 patients showed no metabolic evidence of infection, which was confirmed by microbiology and clinical follow-up. When CT images were interpreted independently from the FDG PET and clinical information, only 4 of 35 (11%) suggested the possibility of infection. Fourteen of 28 (50%) infected patients died during a mean of 23 months of follow-up after the diagnosis by FDG PET/CT: 12 (86%) with central infection and only 2 with peripheral infection. By contrast, none of the 7 (0%) noninfected patients died (p = 0.03). Conclusions FDG PET/CT is a useful technique for identifying LVAD infection and determining the site and pattern of the infection. The latter has clinical management and patient outcome implications.
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Buffering dosage imbalance of early- and late-replicating genes is important for dividing eukaryotic cells. Voichek et al. (2018) described critical roles of H3K4 methylation and Paf1C in this process, which was regulated by the S phase checkpoint and H3K56 acetylation.
Online Control Design for Learn-To-Fly

Two methods were developed for online control design as part of a flight test e ort to examine the feasibility of the NASA Learn-to-Fly concept. The methods use an aerodynamic model of the aircraft that is being identified in real-time onboard the aircraft to adjust the control parameters. One method employs adaptive nonlinear dynamic inversion, whereas the other consists of a classical autopilot structure. E ects from the interaction between the realtime modeling and the developed control laws are discussed. The Learn-to-Fly concept has been deemed feasible based on successful flights of both a stable and unstable aircraft.
The Mechanism of Erythrocyte Ghost Fusion by Electric Field Pulses

The electric field method of fusing membranes is significant for the general study of membrane fusion mechanisms because of the following unique possibilities i) the condition which triggers fusion can be presented and withdrawn within a millisecond or less, ii) the effects of membrane-membrane contact can be separated from fusion-inducing stimulus, iii) the effects of chemical conditions can be separated from the fusion-inducing stimulus, iv) fusion can be induced simultaneously in many membranes, v) very high fusion yields are possible, vi) there is preliminary evidence that at least two mechanisms may be involved.
Nonlinear Dynamic Stability of Normal and Arthritic Greyhounds

In this paper the dynamic stability of greyhound gait was analyzed within the framework of nonlinear dynamics theory. A video based motion analysis system was utilized to obtain the kinematic data of the hindlimb joints of greyhounds at trot. Phase plane portraits and first return maps for the coxofemoral, femorotibial, and the tarsal joints were calculated from averaged kinematic data for each dog. The analysis was based on the assumption that the steady state dog locomotion could be represented as a nonlinear periodic system. Using the Floquet theory, the dynamic stability of gait was quantified by computing the characteristic multipliers from experimental data. A stability index based on multipliers was used for comparison between normal and arthritic dogs. Phase plane portraits and first return maps of the dogs with transient synovitis were compared with the averaged portraits of the normal dogs. It was observed that the coxofemoral angle exhibited the maximum difference while the femorotibial and the tarsal joints showed little or no difference from those of the normals. Comparison of the Floquet multipliers indicated that the dogs with synovitis had a less stable gait than that of the normal dogs.
Cancer Recovery and the Spirit

The present study addresses the definition and exploration of the existential and spiritual experience of persons who had spontaneously remitted or made a remarkable recovery from cancer. Spontaneous remitters had experienced a remission without having allopathic treatment which could account for the cancer regression. Those with remarkable recoveries may have had treatment, but had been given a prognosis of less than a 20% chance of survival in a specific number of months or years, and had survived at least five years past this time. The narratives of the ten participants indicated that cancer proved to be a wake-up call propelling them into unprecedented existential and spiritual growth. Nine of the participants reported that they had healed not only at physical, but also at emotional and spiritual levels. Most described a new and intensely numinous relationship with the divine and with the unity of all beings which was not religiously oriented. Nine out of ten participants felt that cancer had been a gift.
Immunochemical characterization of a monoclonal G4,lambda human antibody to factor IX.

A circulating inhibitor specific for factor IX in a patient with hemophilia B was characterized with antisera to human immunoglobulins. Inhibitor-rich plasma was mixed with an excess of specific antiserum and then assayed for residual inhibitor activity. Inhibitor activity was completely removed by antisera specific for γG4 heavy chains and lambda light chains. Antisera specific for γA, γM, γD, γE, γG1, γG2, and γG3 heavy chains and kappa light chains had no effect on the inhibitor. On preparative zone electrophoresis, inhibitor activity was localized in a sharp band in the anodal portion of the γG peak, an electrophoretic distribution paralleling that of γG4. Precise localization of the inhibitor activity on calibrated gel filtration columns revealed a relatively narrow zone of fractions containing the inhibitor, wherein the proteins have an estimated molecular weight of 145,000. The relative homogeneity of the antibody may reflect specificity for a uniform, discrete portion of the human factor IX molecule.
Classical Experience and Quantum Mechanics

Quantum mechanics is the second great watershed of twentieth century physics, and in some ways it involved an even more radical break with galilean orthodoxy than relativity did. But the nature of this second rift is somewhat obscure. That is partly because quantum mechanics has such a radical and unfamiliar form, but it is also partly because the mathematical formalism of quantum mechanics preceded its interpretation to an unusual degree. Physicists were in possession of the mathematical expression of quantum mechanics before they had a good sense of what it said about the world. In fact, to some degree it is still far from clear what that spectacularly successful formalism says about the world.
"GAPPS" in Patient Safety.

* Abbreviations: AE — : adverse event GAPPS — : Global Assessment of Pediatric Patient Safety HAC — : hospital-acquired condition SPS — : Solutions for Patient Safety Nearly 2 decades after the pervasive issue of iatrogenic harm was thrust into the public sphere by the landmark publication of To Err is Human by the National Academy of Medicine (formerly the Institute of Medicine),1 collective efforts to improve patient safety have become ubiquitous, particularly in the inpatient setting. Although researchers in several pediatric-focused multi-institutional collaboratives have begun to address this issue and have made laudable gains,2,3 there is concern that patient harm may still be a significant and underestimated reality.4–6 One potential factor behind underreporting of adverse events (AEs) is the reality that most reporting systems rely on voluntary or passive error reporting.7 Tools that use “triggers,” including some that are pediatric-specific, are used to actively detect AEs via automated processes and have been found to detect errors at a higher rate than the usual passive methods.8–10 In this issue of Pediatrics , Stockwell et al11 report the use of their Global Assessment of Pediatric Patient Safety (GAPPS) trigger tool used to measure trends in AEs over a 5-year period (from January 2007 to December 2012). The authors randomly selected and retrospectively reviewed 3790 individual patient admissions and used GAPPS to filter out AEs from 16 teaching and nonteaching children’s institutions. Their findings are sobering. A total of 414 AEs representing 19.1 out of 1000 patient … Address correspondence to Ricardo A. Quinonez, MD, Section of Pediatric Hospital Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, 1102 Bates Ave, FC 1860, Houston, TX 77030. E-mail: raquinon{at}texaschildrens.org
Mimics of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Making an accurate and confident diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) requires a careful evaluation of the patient combined with appropriate thoracic imaging, which in many cases may be sufficient to attain a confident diagnosis. In other cases, however, sampling of lung tissue might be necessary to confirm a usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) histopathologic pattern if high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) does not reveal a UIP pattern with adequate confidence. An ultimate diagnosis relies on probability when clinical, radiologic, and histopathologic data are combined in accordance with the currently used clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis of IPF. This frequently involves using a multidisciplinary discussion, which can be essential to making an ultimate diagnosis. Nonetheless, IPF can be difficult to differentiate from other forms of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) such as non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) and non-IIP forms of interstitial lung disease (ILD). Specifically, connective tissue disorders (CTDs) with lung involvement or chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) can have UIP patterns on both imaging and lung tissue biopsy specimens. Additionally, other disease entities may occasionally have UIP or UIP-like patterns on both HRCT imaging and lung tissue histopathology. This chapter discusses conditions that are often confused with and/or difficult to differentiate from IPF.
Diagnostic Accuracy Among Neurology Residents: Six-year Data from the Close the Loop Resident Clinical Acumen Assessment Project (S39.002)

Objective: To evaluate neurology resident diagnostic patterns to identify individual and systemic educational needs. Background: The Close the Loop Project at Mount Sinai characterizes cases presented by on-call neurology residents, including the accuracy of their initial diagnostic impressions. Design/Methods: From July 2010 to June 2016 all patients independently assessed by on-call junior residents and presented in daily morning report were captured in a caselog. We recorded basic encounter data and resident’s initial diagnostic impression; we “closed the loop” by revisiting each case after reviewing final diagnosis. We categorized initial impression and final diagnosis as neurological or non-neurological. Neurological cases were then localized as CNS/PNS, and further cataloged etiologically. We compared residents’ initial impression to the final diagnosis to assess whether the initial impression was accurate, partially accurate, or wrong, and characterized the types of errors made. Two raters evaluated the entries (>95% interrater agreement). Results: 1301 cases were presented and analyzed for resident accuracy; of these, 920 (70.7%) were ultimately deemed neurological. Of these neurological cases, 775 (84.2%) localized to the CNS; the most common were ischemic stroke (25.8%) and seizure (16.5%). Of the 381 non-neurological cases, 64.0% were medical, 26.0% psychiatric and 2.6% ophthalmological. Residents’ overall initial diagnoses were accurate in 64.0% of cases, and wrong in 31.1%. Accuracy was higher for neurological cases (67.5%) than for non-neurological (55.6%). Accuracy was similar between CNS (67.8%) and PNS (65.5%) localizations. Neurological cases were appropriately identified in 94.7%, whereas non-neurological cases were inappropriately deemed neurological in 40.6% of cases. Conclusions: We present the first analyses of our complete dataset from this educational initiative to assess and improve neurology resident clinical acumen. Residents displayed higher diagnostic accuracy when recognizing neurological disease compared with non-neurological disease, with a tendency to over-diagnose neurological illness. Future analyses will explore subgroups and more specific misdiagnosis patterns. Disclosure: Dr. Schorr has nothing to disclose. Dr. Brandstadter has nothing to disclose. Dr. Jin has nothing to disclose. Dr. Stahl has nothing to disclose. Dr. Krieger has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Acorda, Bayer, Biogen, Celgene, EMD Serono, Genentech, Genzyme, Mallinckrodt, MedDay, Novartis, Teva, and TG Therapeutics.
Automated Rotor Assembly CNC Machine

The process of manually removing material to restore rotational balance to a rotor assembly can be time-consuming and labor-intensive. This results in the inability of tool shops and machinists to get through their queue during any current workday. In this paper, the design and creation of an automated system capable of removing material from rotor assemblies. The system will recognize inputs including part number, component dimensions, amount of material to be removed, and which surface the material will be removed from. The purpose of this system is to remove material from different planar surfaces with respect to inputs provided by the machinist. This will provide a more efficient and effective way to ensure the balance of a rotor assembly for use in the operation of an Auxiliary Power Unit (APU). Due to the complex architecture of the APU rotor assembly, a 3-axis milling technique was needed. A CNC machine was found to have the ability to move in the x, y, and z planes which would allow for the proper range of motion that is desired. In addition, the use of CNC technology was chosen due to the need for high accuracy and no conditions for complex angles. Due to the time constraints provided by the client for process completion, install, and removal a CNC design where speed can be controlled was chosen to meet these constraints. The design must be adaptable for use on varying sized rotor assemblies, it must have a removal limit of 0.001 milli ounces(moz), and run based on a code that incorporates a graphical user interface. This interface must be capable of accepting and using manual inputs along with being able to convert from one coding language to another. Initial prototyping was used to explore the accuracy and range of movement in both the x and y directions through the use of stepper motors controlled via g-code; an open-source code useful in controlling multiple stepper motors in 3 degrees of motion. Stepper motors were used due to their high torque and low speed as well as their reliability and accuracy. It was found that when given the same command repetitively the prototype was able to perform the action in the exact same manner as before making it have a high precision. The speed of the prototype was variable and cost was a little over $300 making it highly affordable. In order to interface with the CNC machine, custom software was designed and developed. After the initial testing, z-axis control was added into the design and is currently being tested. The outcome of the current prototyping phase is a system capable of moving in all three planes of motion.
Social Cognitive Factors Associated with Sharing Overt and Relational Cyberaggression Digitally

Cyberaggression is a substantial problem for college-aged students. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine associations between social cognitive factors and digitally sharing one’s own and others’ overt and relational cyberaggressive material among college students. Social cognitive factors included cyber moral disengagement and facets of cognitive autonomy, including comparative validation, voicing opinions, and evaluative thinking. A convenience sample of 437 college students from a medium-sized US university completed an online survey about cyber aggression and related social cognitive factors. Results from a structural equation model, controlling for gender, showed that cyber moral disengagement was positively associated with sharing own and others’ overt and relational cyberaggressive material. Sharing one’s own and others’ relational cyberaggression was positively associated with comparative validation but was negatively associated with evaluative thinking. The present research reinforces prior links between moral disengagement and cyberaggression while examining other social cognitive factors associated with cyberaggression and assisting cyberaggression perpetrators.
Assessing motivation and learning strategy usage by dually enrolled students

Theoretical frameworks grounded in the social cognitive theory are used to discuss the need for assessing motivation, self-efficacy for learning and performance, metacognitive self-regulation of dually enrolled students. This study assessed motivation and learning strategy usage by Dually Enrolled Students participating in Georgia’s Dual Enrollment program. The research was conducted on 213 high school aged 14 to 18 years, in grades 9–12, and attended a high school in a seven-county service area in southwest Georgia. Participants all were taking classes under a program that allows them to simultaneously earn high school and college credit, and required them to attend a high school and college concurrently either at a technical college of the Technical System of Georgia, or a state college of the University System of Georgia. The research questions were answered using a cross-sectional survey, the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire, and demographics were used to classify participants based on age, grade, gender, number of classes completed in the Dual Enrollment program, teacher type for instruction, and the format/location of college class taken. The study’s findings added to the existing knowledge base regarding teenage students who are expected to conform to the role of college student simply because they were deemed academically equipped to take college classes. Furthermore, the findings of this study suggest the importance of implementing additional acceptance requirements to make sure students possess the maturity, motivation, and learning strategy application knowledge to be successful in college classes and that faculty has been trained to accommodate the learning needs of this specific type of learner.