cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Thyroidal influence on the lactate dehydrogenase isozyme pattern in pectoralis muscle of chick embryos.

Abstract The effect of methimazole (MMI) treatment on the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isozyme pattern in pectoralis muscle of chick embryos was ascertained using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Muscle extracts from 20-day embryos contained the five isozymes typical of most vertebrates, but 9 out of 10 extracts from 17-day embryos did not contain detectable levels of LDH 5. Muscle extracts from 20-day embryos treated with MMI for 6 to 10 days prior to death had less LDH 3, 4, and 5, compared to 20-day controls. Except for faint staining in the region of LDH 3, LDH 1 and 2 were the only isozymes detected in the extracts from 16 out of 21 MMI-treated embryos. The administration of single, low doses of thyroxine at 17 or 18 days of incubation resulted in detectable amounts of LDH 4 at 20 days in muscle from MMI-treated embryos; 7 out of the 25 muscles analyzed also had detectable amounts of LDH 5. The present report of thyroidal influence on muscle LDH isozyme pattern supports earlier observations which indicated that thyroid function is important to muscle growth and development during late embryogenesis in the chick.
Assessing the economic feasibility of short rotation loblolly biomass plantations.

Abstract Recently, interest in short rotation loblolly plantations as a feedstock for cellulosic biofuel production has been growing. This study explored the potential of these plantations as an economically feasible alternative by validating a simulation growth model with two young loblolly plantations located in Coastal Plain Alabama and analyzing the breakeven price of a biomass plantation by comparing it to the expected value from a traditional timber management prescription on two typical AL sites in Piedmont and Coastal Plain. With three real discount rates; 5%, 7% and 9%, we found that landowners would find short rotation biomass plantations attractive when the stumpage price is approximately $10.50 ton − 1 on a Piedmont site with a 14-year rotation and approximately $13.50 ton − 1 on a Coastal Plain site with a 9-year rotation. Sensitivity analysis of the breakeven price suggests that biomass breakeven price would increase 15% on the Piedmont site and 22% on the Coastal Plain site when sawtimber prices increase by 50%.
Role of Cohesive Strength in the Mechanics of Overthrust Faulting and of Landsliding: Discussion

THE DISCUSSION INDICATES THAT THE CONFUSION CONCERNING THE EFFECT OF THE COHESIVE STRENGTH MAY HAVE THREE PRINCIPAL SOURCES: (1) AN ADMITTEDLY ERRONEOUS ASSUMPTION THAT THE SURFACES MAY BE TREATED AS GEOMETRICAL PLANES, (2) AN UNTENABLE ASSUMPTION THAT ROCKS UNDER THE STRESS CONDITIONS EXISTING IN LARGE OVERTHRUSTS STILL OBEY THE SIMPLE LABORATORY LAW OF FRICTIONAL SLIDING, AND (3) A SEMANTIC DIFFICULTY ARISING FROM CALLING UNLIKE THINGS BY THE SAME NAME. THE COULOMB LAW OF FRICTIONAL SLIDING IN ROCK DEFORMATION DOES NOT HOLD UNDER CONDITIONS OF EXTREME STRESS ACCORDING TO DATA OBTAINED BY TRIAXIAL TESTING. HSU USED A TERM TO SIGNIFY BOTH THE COHESIVE STRENGTH OF THE INITIALLY UNFRACTURED ROCK AND THE RESISTANCE TO SLIPPING ALONG A SURFACE OF FRACTURE. THIS SYMBOL ACTUALLY REPRESENTS THE ORDINATE OF THE POINT OF INTERSECTION ON THE MOHR DIAGRAM OF THE MOHR ENVELOPE OBTAINED BY A SERIES OF TRIAXIAL TESTS ON SUCCESSIVE SPECIMENS OF THE SAME ROCK. IT, THEREFORE, IS A MEASURE OF THE SHEAR STRENGTH OF A PREVIOUSLY UNFRACTURED ROCK ALONG A SURFACE ACROSS WHICH THE NORMAL STRESS IS ZERO. THE REPLY DISCUSSES THE MOHR-COULOMB LAW AS A GENERAL CRITERION OF SHEAR FAILURE. SINCE THE ANALYSIS OF THE MECHANICS OF THRUSTING AND LANDSLIDING WAS BASED UPON THE MOHR-COULOMB RELATION AS A GENERAL CRITERION, THE TREATMENT IS APPLICABLE NOT ONLY TO OVERTHRUSTS AND SLIDES WHICH MOVED BY FLOWAGE, BUT ALSO TO THOSE WHICH SLID ALONG PRE-EXISTING FRACTURE SURFACES. THE DEVIATION OF THE MOHR ENVELOPE FROM STRAIGHT LINES GIVES A MEASURE OF THE ERROR INTRODUCED THROUGH THE ASSUMPTION OF CONSTANTS. THE BEHAVIOR OF DIFFERENT SEDIMENTARY ROCKS IS SO DIFFERENT THAT A JUDGMENT OF THE APPLICABILITY OF THE MOHR-COULOMB LAW MUST BE MADE FOR THE INDIVIDUAL CASES. THE GRAVITATIONAL SLIDING OF A BLOCK ALONG A PRE-EXISTING FRACTURE SURFACE WOULD LEAD TO A CATASTROPHIC SLIDE ONLY IF ITS MOVEMENT IS NOT CHECKED. THE REPLY AGREES THAT A NEW SYMBOL SHOULD BE PROPOSED TO DESIGNATE THE RESISTANCE TO SLIPPING ALONG A SURFACE OF FRACTURE WHEN THE EFFICTIVE NORMAL PRESSURE IS ZERO. THE SYMBOL USED ORIGINALLY WAS MEANT FOR THE INITIAL SHEAR STRENGTH OF UNFRACTURED ROCK EVEN WHEN THE CASES OF REDUCED COHESION WERE DISCUSSED. THE EXPRESSION 'INITIAL SHEARING RESISTANCE TO FRICTIONAL SLIDING ALONG PREEXISTING FRACTURE SURFACE' IS SUGGESTED RATHER THAN ADHESIVE STRENGTH, OR INITIAL SHEARING RESISTANCE.
The Effect of Food Size and Dispersion Pattern on Retrieval Rate by the Argentine Ant, Linepithema humile (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Food acquisition in central-place foraging animals demands efficient detection and retrieval of resources. Most ant species rely on a mass recruitment foraging strategy, which requires that some potential foragers remain at the nest where they can be recruited to food once resources are found. Because this strategy reduces the number of workers initially looking for food, it may reduce the food detection rate while increasing the postdiscovery food retrieval rate. In previous studies this tradeoff has been analyzed by computer simulation and mathematical models. Both kinds of models show that food acquisition rate is greatly influenced by food distribution and resource patch size: as food is condensed into fewer patches, the maximal acquisition rate is achieved by a shift to fewer initial searchers and more potential recruits. In general, these models show that a mass recruitment strategy is most effective when resources are clumped. We tested this prediction in two experiments by letting laboratory colonies of the Argentine ant (Linepithema humile) forage for resources placed in different distributions. When all prey were small, retrieval rate increased with increasing resource patch size, in support of foraging models. When prey were large, however, the mass of prey returned to the colony over time was much lower than when prey were small and widely distributed. As more ants reached a large prey item, the distance the prey item was transported decreased due to a greater emphasis on feeding rather than transport. Because Argentine ants can transport more biomass externally than they can ingest, food retrieval that depends only on ingestion can depress the biomass retrieval rate. Thus, our results generally support theoretical foraging models, but we show how prey size, through differential prey-handling behavior, can produce an outcome greatly different from that predicted only on the distribution of resources.
Sp1 and AP2 regulate but do not constitute TATA‐less human TAFII55 core promoter activity

Human TAF(II)55 (hTAF(II)55), a component of the general transcription factor TFIID, is the only general transcription factor encoded by an intronless gene identified thus far. Analysis of the TATA-less hTAF(II)55 promoter-proximal sequence reveals putative binding sites for STAT-1, MEF2, E2F, Sp1, AP2, AREB6 and E47. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation, DNase I footprinting and electrophoretic mobility shift assays, we demonstrate that Sp1 and AP2 can bind simultaneously to juxtaposed Sp1- and AP2-binding sites in the hTAF(II)55 promoter-proximal region and functionally modulate hTAF(II)55 promoter activity, as evidenced by reporter gene assays performed in transiently transfected human C-33A and insect SL2 cell lines. Interestingly, removal of all the promoter-proximal Sp1-binding sites does not impair the function of the hTAF(II)55 core promoter. Moreover, a 52-bp DNA fragment containing only the hTAF(II)55 initiator (Inr) and downstream promoter element (DPE) is able to support Gal4-VP16-mediated activation in vivo and in vitro. Our data suggest that Sp1, although it plays an enhancing role in hTAF(II)55 gene expression, is not essential for hTAF(II)55 core promoter activity. Interestingly, mutations introduced at the Inr and DPE differentially affect the selection of transcription start sites, suggesting that these two core promoter elements play a non-redundant role in the function of TATA-less promoters.
Comparative synthesis of Hf, Zr, and Ti polyesters by interfacial and solution techniques

The comparative synthesis of Hf, Zr, and Ti polyesters by interfacial and solution systems is presented. Yield increases in the order Hf > Zr > Ti. Polyester mit Hf, Zr und Ti in der Hauptkette wurden durch Grenzflachenpolykondensation und durch Polykondensation in homogener Losung dargestellt. Bei Variation von M steigt die Ausbeute in der Reihenfolge Hf > Zr > Ti.
COMPARISON OF CLEANING METHODS FOR REDUCTION OF ATTACHED MICROORGANISMS FROM CONSUMER‐STYLE THERMOMETERS

A thermometer is an important tool to ensure an adequate hamburger cooking temperature, however, cross-contamination resulting from previously used thermometers may be possible. Therefore, thorough cleaning of thermometers is essential. The objective of this study was to compare thermometer cleaning methods for reduction of attached Escherichia coli O157:H7. Cleaning techniques were designed to simulate methods used in homes such as rinsing with water, and/or wiping with paper towels were compared with rinsing with 70% alcohol. Paper towels (three treatments: dry, wetted with water, and wetted with 40% alcohol), commercial disinfectant towel, and three types of rinse solutions (ambient temperature water, warm water, and 70% alcohol) were used to clean contaminated thermometer stems. Single-step cleaning methods and two-step cleaning methods (rinsing followed by wiping with a paper towel or wipe) were evaluated. The efficacy in removing E. coli O157:H7 by cleaning method was as follows: dry paper towel = wet paper towel < cold water < alcohol towel < disinfectant towel < 70% alcohol < warm water. Combined cleaning methods were more effective at removing attached E. coli O157:H7 than were single-step methods. Washing with warm water or 70% alcohol solution, combined with wiping with a paper towel, resulted in elimination of E. coli O157:H7 in most cases. In conclusion, warm or hot water washing followed by wiping with a paper towel is recommended to sanitize thermometers after use.
Voluntary running in deer mice: speed, distance, energy costs and temperature effects

The energetics of terrestrial locomotion are of considerable interest to ecologists and physiologists, but nearly all of our current knowledge comes from animals undergoing forced exercise. To explore patterns of energy use and behavior during voluntary exercise, we developed methods allowing nearly continuous measurements of metabolic rates in freely behaving small mammals, with high temporal resolution over periods of several days. We used this approach to examine relationships between ambient temperature ( T a), locomotor behavior and energy costs in the deer mouse, a small mammal that routinely encounters a large range of temperatures in its natural habitat. We tested for individual consistency in running behavior and metabolic traits, and determined how locomotor costs vary with speed and T a. Because of the importance of thermoregulatory costs in small mammals, we checked for substitution of exercise heat for thermostatic heat production at T a below the thermal neutral zone and determined the fraction of the daily energy budget comprising exercise costs. Locomotor behavior was highly variable among individuals but had high repeatability, at least over short intervals. We found few temperature-related changes in speed or distance run, but T a strongly affected energy costs. Partial substitution of exercise heat for thermogenic heat occurred at low T a. This reduced energy expenditure during low-temperature running by 23–37%, but running costs comprised a fairly minor fraction of the energy budget, so the daily energy savings via substitution were much smaller. Deer mice did not adjust running speed to maximize metabolic economy, as they seldom used the high speeds that provide the lowest cost of transport. The highest voluntary speeds (4–5 km h-1) were almost always below the predicted maximal aerobic speed, and were much less than the species' maximal sprint speed. Maximum voluntarily attained rates of oxygen consumption ( V O2) were highest at low T a, but rarely approached maximal V O2 during forced treadmill exercise. Mean respiratory exchange ratios coincident with maximal voluntary V O2 increased slightly as T a declined, but were always below 1.0 (another indication that metabolic rate was less than the aerobic maximum). Individuals with high running performance (cumulative distance and running time) had high resting metabolism, which suggests a cost of having high capacity or propensity for activity.
Comparison of fractionation schedules in the large heterogeneity limit

The author develops an analytical formula that relates total doses in different fractionation schemes using the linear-quadratic (LQ) model in the limit when the interpatient variation in radiosensitivity is large. We use published formulas for tumor control probability and parameter dependence developed for the large heterogeneity limit. We consider the isoeffect equation and uses simple algebraic manipulation to obtain the new fractionation formula valid for the large heterogeneity limit. We study the case of going from a dose per fraction of 1.8 Gy to a dose per fraction of 3 Gy, which is relevant for current hypofractionation schemes for prostate and breast cancer. We find that the total dose for the new fractionation depends not only on the {alpha}/{beta} ratio r but also on the ratio of the corresponding standard deviations {sigma}{sub {alpha}}/{sigma}{sub {beta}} and on the ratio between the original dose D{sub 1} and D{sub 50}. In some special cases, notably when D{sub 1}=D{sub 50(1)}, the standard LQ model is recovered. In general, when the relative widths of the distributions for {alpha} and {beta} are equal or similar, the deviation from the standard LQ model is small, mostly within 5% for D{sub 1}/D{sub 50(1)} from 0.4 up to 1.6.more » When the width of the distribution for {alpha} is much larger than the one for {beta}, larger deviations from the standard LQ model are found for small values of r but they fall within 10% for r larger than 4 Gy and within 5% for r larger than 10 Gy. The most unforgiving case is when the width of the distribution for {alpha} is much smaller than the one for {beta}, where the largest differences with the standard LQ model are found. While, in general, the formula can give a significantly different result than the standard LQ model equation, we find a range of parameters for which the difference is surprisingly small.« less
LA NATURALEZA FUNCIONAL DEL SEGMENTO DE CONDUCTA

As the subject matter of the science of interbehavior, the behavior segment is analyzed in terms of its functional composition. It is suggested that the psychological event differs from other types of events, in that it includes both a physical/biological and a historical dimension. In discussing the co-actualization of stimulus and response coordinates and the continuity of interbehavioral adjustments, the historicity of the behavior segment is especially highlighted.
Relationship Between Early Vascular Responses and Growth in the Rat Uterus: Stimulation of Cell Division by Estradiol and Vasodilating Amines

The influence of estradiol and of vasodilating amines on hyperemia, edema production and growth in uteri of ovariectomized rats was determined. Estradiol (0.04 μg), histamine (0.3 mg), 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin, 0.2 mg), 3-(β-aminoethyl) pyrazole (Histalog, 0.2-0.3 mg) or saline was injected into the uterine lumina of rats maintained under controlled lighting and temperature. Solutions were pre-adjusted to pH 7.0. The experimental substances caused significant increases in uterine water content in 4 hr from a level of 79.5 % (saline) to 82–83% (serotonin, histamine) and 84% (estradiol). Histalog, a histamine analogue, produced negligible hydration. Cross sections of uteri from colchicine-treated rats sacrificed 24 hr after injection of control or experimental solutions were examined for evidence of growth stimulation. All luminal epithelial cells in metaphase as well as the total number of epithelial cells in each of 8–16 sections/rat were counted. Calculations of the number of cells in metaphase /1,...
Atmospheric Meridional Moisture Flux over the Southern Ocean: A Story of the Amundsen Sea

AbstractThe Antarctic ice sheet constitutes the largest reservoir of freshwater on earth, representing tens of meters of sea level rise if it were to melt completely. However, because of the remote location of the continent and the concomitant sparse data coverage, much remains unknown regarding the climate variability in Antarctica and the surrounding Southern Ocean. This study uses the high-resolution ECMWF Interim Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim) data during 1979–2010 to calculate the meridional moisture transport associated with the mean circulation, planetary waves, and synoptic-scale systems. The resulting moisture flux, which is dominated by the synoptic scales, is largely consistent with results from theoretical assumptions and previous studies. Here, high interannual and regional variability in the total meridional moisture flux is found, with no significant trend over the last 30 years. Further, the variability of the meridional moisture flux cannot be explained by the southern annular mode or El Nino–...
Development of Quality Inspection System for Insulation Monitoring Device of Metal-Oxide Surge Arrester

Metal-oxide surge arrester (MOA) is one of the important equipment in electrical utility company, its security and stability is critical to the safe operation of electrical equipment, and the insulation monitoring device is vital for getting the running status of metal-oxide surge arrester. Technical parameters requirements of this kind of device is discusses in this paper , and furthermore, relying on the condition monitoring technology laboratory for transmission and transformation equipment of the State Grid Corporation of China, a complete set of quality evaluation system is established, of which the following functions were realized, the total current and resistive current measurement error test, communication function test, environmental adaptability test, insulation performance test, electromagnetic compatibility performance test, mechanical performance test, enclosure protection performance test etc. With the system, a powerful technical support can be provided for the quality evaluation of the device, as well as the safe and reliable operation of the arrester.
Interstitial Lung Disease Associated with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Therapy in Non-Small-Cell Lung Carcinoma

Interstitial lung disease is a rare but serious complication of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy. Although our understanding of this phenomenon remains incomplete, recently there have been significant insights made into the mechanisms of injury, incidence, risk factors, and its clinical manifestations. Japanese patients appear to be at a higher risk (1.6%-3.5%) than patients in the rest of the world (0.3%), and other risk factors, such as coincident interstitial lung disease, concurrent chemotherapy, previous radiation, preexisting pulmonary fibrosis, and male sex, have been identified. In the majority of cases, the histopathology, the acute and often dramatic clinical presentation, and the radiographic findings resemble acute respiratory distress syndrome. Aside from immediate cessation of the offending agent, the treatment is largely supportive, although corticosteroids appear to be of benefit. The mortality remains high at approximately 30%-50%. We present a review of the incidence, risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, management, and outcome of this disorder.
Cylindrical Bending of Continuous Sandwich Plates with Arbitrary Number of Anisotropic Layers

The present paper deals with the cylindrical bending of sandwich plates consisting of an arbitrary number of orthotropic layers and resting on periodically spaced supports of finite length. A plane-strain analytical solution is developed based on series expansion of the plate displacements. This approach allows one to consider plates subjected to prescribed tractions or displacements on the top and bottom surfaces. In addition, nonuniform eigenstress distribution can be applied within each layer. A numerical solution is presented for two four-layer sandwich plates with different thin interlayers inserted between the orthotropic top face sheet and the foam core. Stress concentrations near supports are analyzed in detail.
Algorithms for technology mapping based on binary decision diagrams and on Boolean operations

Algorithms and a computer-aided design tool, called Ceres, for technology mapping of both completely specified and incompletely specified logic networks are introduced. The algorithms are based on Boolean techniques for matching, i.e., for the recognition of the equivalence between a portion of a network and library cells. A novel matching algorithm, using ordered binary decision diagrams, is described. It exploits the notion of symmetry to achieve higher computational efficiency. A matching technique that takes advantage of don't-care conditions by means of a compatibility graph is also described. A strategy for timing-driven technology mapping, based on iterative improvement, is presented. Experimental results indicate that these techniques generate good-quality solutions and require short run times and limited memory space. >
Environmental estrogens suppress hormones, behavior, and reproductive fitness in male fathead minnows.

—This study explored the possibility that environmental estrogens in sewage effluent may reduce the reproductive fitness of adult male fish by suppressing their reproductive behaviors, including their ability to compete for nests and females. Male fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) were exposed for three weeks to either blank control, effluent released by a sewage treatment plant (STPE), waterborne estradiol (E2), or a synthetic androgen (methyltestosterone [MT]). Afterward, fish were placed with females and a nest, and their behavior was monitored for 5 d in either the presence or the absence of a competing (unexposed control) male. Males exposed to either the STPE or E2 (∼50 ng/L, a level chosen to mimic the estrogenic content of the STPE) had elevated levels of circulating vitellogenin (p < 0.05) and lower levels of 11-ketotestosterone (KT; p < 0.05). Nearly all STPE-and E2-exposed males spawned successfully in the absence of a competing male, but in both cases, exposed males suffered nearly total reproductive failure when they had to compete. Conversely, males exposed to MT (∼50 ng/L) outcompeted control males. Behavioral observations suggested that subtle differences in agonistic behaviors, typically associated with circulating androgens (i.e., KT), were responsible. We speculate that male fish exposed to estrogenic effluent in the field are less likely to reproduce successfully within large populations of wild fish, thereby causing abnormal and potentially detrimental patterns of gene flow within those populations.
TNF-α mediates macrophage-induced bystander effects through Netrin-1

Macrophage-induced bystander effects have been implicated as an important mediator of chromosomal instability and colon cancer triggered by Enterococcus faecalis, a human intestinal commensal bacteria. There is little understanding about how inflammatory cytokines mediate bystander effects, but questions in this area are important because of the pivotal contributions made by inflammatory processes to cancer initiation and progression. Here, we report that the central proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α acts as a diffusible mediator of the bystander effects induced by macrophages, an effect caused by a proliferation of macrophages that trigger epithelial cell production of Netrin-1, a neuronal guidance molecule. TNF-α-mediated bystander assays used a murine coculture system of primary colonic epithelial cells and E. faecalis-infected macrophages (in vitro), with an interleukin 10 (IL-10)-deficient mouse model of colon cancer that involves long-term colonization with E. faecalis (in vivo). In cell cocultures, we observed increased expression of the TNF-α receptor Tnfrsf1b and Netrin-1. These effects were blocked by anti-TNF-α antibody or by pretreatment with an inhibitor of NF-κB signaling. RNAi-mediated attenuation of Tnfrsf1b decreased TNF-α-induced netrin-1 production and augmented epithelial cell apoptosis in culture. Extending these observations, colon biopsies from E. faecalis-colonized IL-10(-/-) mice exhibited crypt hyperplasia and increased staining for macrophages, TNF-α, netrin-1, NF-κB, Tnfrsf1b, and the proliferation marker proliferating cell nuclear antigen while also displaying a reduction in epithelial cell apoptosis. Together, our results define a pathway for macrophage-induced bystander effects in which TNF-α triggers TNFRSF1b receptor signaling leading to increased production of Netrin-1, crypt hyperplasia, and decreased epithelial cell apoptosis. In elucidating an important commensal-associated proinflammatory mechanism in the intestinal microenvironment, our work highlights the role of Netrin-1 and a specific TNF-α receptor as candidate targets to prevent or treat colorectal cancer.
Polychloroalicyclic Ketones as Promoters for Crosslinking Polymers

Abstract Polychloroalicyclic ketones are chlorine liberating compounds which in combination with activators and coagents promote crosslinking of saturated and unsaturated polymers. One of the most active ketone is octachloro-3-cyclohexen-l-one (OCTA). During the curing process the alicyclic ketones transform into phenols and probably some phenates. The most effective activators are magnesium and calcium hydroxides and oxides. These curing systems are also activated by acidic and basic fillers. Active coagents are sulfur, p-benzoquinones and maleimides. EPM of superior thermal stability is obtained with the chlorinated p-benzoquinones as the coagent. The apparent order of crosslink formation in EPM using these curing systems is pseudo first order. In case of OCTA/MgO/coagent system, the specific rate of crosslink formation is directly proportional to (MgO)1/2/(OCTA) and the maximum crosslinks formed vary linearly with (MgO)1/2/(OCTA). The OCTA system is most suitable for curing saturated polymers or their ...
Seven Steps for Implementing Afterschool Programs: Strategies for Physical Educators

After-school programs (ASP) are a long-standing activity historically facilitated by organizations such as the YMCA, Boys and Girls Club, social service/community centers and, in the past decade, an increasing number of municipal park districts. Staffing usually consist of recreation professionals, social and youth workers, and volunteers. In recent years, physical educators have joined the list of those sought to facilitate ASPs and are considered uniquely qualified, given the close relationship between physical education and recreation activities.In an effort to prepare physical educators for facilitating ASPs, formal presentations and discussions were conducted at the state level (2008) and again at the national level (2012) via the Illinois Association for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance and the American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (now SHAPE America – Society of Health and Physical Educators), respectively. The purpose was to inform physical educator...
Structural Insights into the Pharmacophore of Vinca Domain Inhibitors of Microtubules

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have achieved great success in cancer therapy in recent years. Some peptidyl microtubule inhibitors consisting of natural and unnatural amino acids, such as monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) and F (MMAF), are extremely cytotoxic and have been used as a payload in ADCs. However, their precise molecular interaction with tubulin and microtubules remains unclear. We determined the crystal structures of tubulin in complex with three ultra-potent peptidyl microtubule inhibitors [MMAE, taltobulin (HTI- 286), and tubulysin M] at 2.5 A. Our data showed that the three peptides bound to the vinca domain and shared a common and key pharmacophore containing two consecutive hydrophobic groups (Val, Ile-like side chain). These groups protruded in opposite directions into hydrophobic pockets on the tubulin β and α subunits. Nitrogen and oxygen atoms from the same backbone formed hydrogen bonds with Asn329 from the α subunit and Asp179 from the β subunit in a direction normal to the surface formed by the aforementioned hydrophobic groups. In addition, our crystal structure data indicated that tubulysin M bound to the β subunit alone, providing a structural explanation for its higher affinity. We also compared the conformations of two representative structurally different vinca domain compounds, ustiloxin D and vinblastine, with those of the aforementioned peptidyl ligands, and found that they shared a similar pharmacophore. Our findings lay a foundation for the rational design of novel vinca domain ligands and may facilitate the development of microtubule inhibitors with high specificity, affinity, and efficiency as payloads for ADCs in cancer therapy.
Observation of an abnormal polarization effect in atomic wavepackets by time delayed parametric FWM

We report the observation of an anomalous polarization effect in the quantum beating of Rb 7s-5d states. When the pump and probe pulses are elliptically polarized, the quantum beat disappears. With a linear polarizer placed behind the Rb cell, this quantum beat reappears. These results agree with atomic wavepacket theory.
CARDIAC CALENDAR 2012–2020

Thirty-Fourth Annual Cardiothoracic Surgery Symposium (CREF 2014), San Diego, California. February 5-8, 2014. Contact: e-mail: info@crefmeeting.com Forty-Third Annual meeting of the German Society for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. Freibeurg, Germany. February 9-12, 2014. Contact: e-mail: friedhelm.beyersdorf@universitaets-herzzentrum.de The Third International Congress on Cardiac Problems in Pregnancy. Venice, Italy. February 20-23, 2014. Contact: e-mail: promption@return8.com Thirty-Second Cardiovascular Surgical Symposium. Zuers Alberg, Austria. March 22-29, 2014. Contact: e-mail: office@conventiva.at The Houston Aortic Symposium: Frontiers in Cardiovascular Diseases. Houston, Texas. March 6-8, 2014. Contact: e-mail: flaw@ promedicacme.com Thirty-Fourth International Sympoium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine. Brussels, Belgium. March 18-21, 2014. Contact: www.intensive.org Third Annual Thoracic Anesthesia Symposium, New Orleans, Louisiana. March 26-27, 2014. Contact: www.scahq.org Thirty-Sixth Annual Meeting & Workshops. Society of Cardiac Anesthesia. New Orleans, Louisiana. March 27-April 3, 2014. Contact: www.scahq.org61st Aortic Symposium 2014. New York, New York. April 24-25, 2014. Contact: e-mail: aortic@aats.org Annual Meeting. Association of University Anesthesiologists. Stanford, California. April 24-26, 2014. Contact: www.auahq.org. IARS 2014 Annual Meeting. Montreal, Canada. May 17-20, 2014. Contact: www.iars.org/2014Meeting EACTA ECHO. Leipzig, Germany. May 17–20, 2014. Contact: e-mail: Joerg.ender@medizin.uni-leipizg.de Twenty-Second European Conference on General Thoracic Surgery. Copenhagen, Denmark. June 15-18, 2014. Contact: e-mail: sue@ests.org.uk European Pediatric Surgeons Association. Dublin, Ireland. June 18-21, 2014. Contact: e-mail: sue@ests.org.uk Twenty-Ninth Joint EACTA-ICCVA Meeting. Florence, Italy, September 17-19, 2014. Contact: www.eacta.org, e-mail: fabiodoc64@hotmail.com XXI Congress Czech Society of Anesthesiology and Critical Care. Olomouc, Czech Republic. October 2-4, 2014. Contact: www.csarim2014.cz, e-mail: csarim2014@guarant.cz ASA Annual Meeting, New Orleans, Louisiana. October 11-15, 2014. Contact: www.asahq.org Sixth International Congress: Aortic Surgery and Anesthesia “How to Do It.” Milano, Italy. December 11-13, 2014. Contact: www.aorticsurgery.it Sixty-Eighth Postgraduate Assembly. New York State of Anesthesiologists. New York, New York. December 12-16, 2014. Contact: www.nyssa-pga.org Thirty-Third Annual Symposium: Clinical Update in Anesthesiology, Surgery and Perioperative Medicine. St. Kitts, West Indies. January 18-23, 2015. E-mail: george.silvay@mountsinai.org Contact: www.clinicalupdateinanesthesiology.org Sixty Second Annual Meeting. Association of University Anesthesiologists. Nashville, Tennessee. April 30-May 02, 2015. Contact: www.AUAhq.org European Society of Anesthesiologists. Berlin, Germany. May 28-June 2, 2015. Contact: e-mail: info@esahq.org
Is Peer Review Overrated

Evaluation du systeme de la critique des pairs au sein de la communaute academique. Examinant le cas de la pre- et de la post-publication d'une oeuvre, l'A. montre que le jugement non-objectif et les prejuges des experts et editeurs limitent la liberte d'expression et le developpement des idees, dans le cadre d'un marche liberal regi par les contraintes pragmatiques de l'edition (budget, benefices) et par les exigences de verite et de qualite de la publication
STUDY ON PREPARATION OF SPIRULINA BIFIDOBACTERIUM YOGHURT

Spiruluna was deodorized by the method of shelter and absorption, the optimal deodorization technology was gained. Orthogonalty trials(L9(34)) were done to optimize the preparation technology parameters, using milk as the main material, Bifidobacterium as the fermentation reagent, white sugar as the seasoning and the deodorized Spirulina as co-materials. The product prepared by this technology gave a flavor of traditional yoghurt, and also have considerable nutrition value and healthy function of both Bifidobacterium and Spirulina. The yoghurt showed a wonderful homogenous state.
Heisenberg necklace model in a magnetic field

We study the low-energy sector of the Heisenberg necklace model. Using the field-theory methods, we estimate how the coupling of the electronic spins with the paramagnetic Kondo spins affects the overall spin dynamics and evaluate its dependence on a magnetic field. We are motivated by the experimental realizations of the spin-1/2 Heisenberg chains in ${\mathrm{SrCuO}}_{2}$ and ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}{\mathrm{CuO}}_{3}$ cuprates, which remain one-dimensional Luttinger liquids down to temperatures much lower than the in-chain exchange coupling $J$. We consider the perturbation of the energy spectrum caused by the interaction $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ with nuclear spins ($I=3/2$) present on the same sites. We find that the resulting necklace model has a characteristic energy scale, $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}\ensuremath{\sim}{J}^{1/3}{(\ensuremath{\gamma}I)}^{2/3}$, at which the coupling between (nuclear) spins of the necklace and the spins of the Heisenberg chain becomes strong. This energy scale is insensitive to a magnetic field $B$. For ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{B}Bg\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$ we find two gapless bosonic modes that have different velocities, whose ratio at strong fields approaches a universal number, $\sqrt{2}+1$.
Concept Grounding to Multiple Knowledge Bases via Indirect Supervision

We consider the problem of disambiguating concept mentions appearing in documents and grounding them in multiple knowledge bases, where each knowledge base addresses some aspects of the domain. This problem poses a few additional challenges beyond those addressed in the popular Wikification problem. Key among them is that most knowledge bases do not contain the rich textual and structural information Wikipedia does; consequently, the main supervision signal used to train Wikification rankers does not exist anymore. In this work we develop an algorithmic approach that, by carefully examining the relations between various related knowledge bases, generates an indirect supervision signal it uses to train a ranking model that accurately chooses knowledge base entries for a given mention; moreover, it also induces prior knowledge that can be used to support a global coherent mapping of all the concepts in a given document to the knowledge bases. Using the biomedical domain as our application, we show that our indirectly supervised ranking model outperforms other unsupervised baselines and that the quality of this indirect supervision scheme is very close to a supervised model. We also show that considering multiple knowledge bases together has an advantage over grounding concepts to each knowledge base individually.
Context-dependent outcomes in a reproductive mutualism between two freshwater fish species.

The development of encompassing general models of ecology is precluded by underrepresentation of certain taxa and systems. Models predicting context-dependent outcomes of biotic interactions have been tested using plants and bacteria, but their applicability to higher taxa is largely unknown.We examined context dependency in a reproductive mutualism between two stream fish species: mound nest-building bluehead chub Nocomis leptocephalus and mountain redbelly dace Chrosomus oreas, which often uses N. leptocephalus nests for spawning. We hypothesized that increased predator density and decreased substrate availability would increase the propensity of C. oreas to associate with N. leptocephalus and decrease reproductive success of both species.In a large-scale in situ experiment, we manipulated egg predator density and presence of both symbionts (biotic context), and replicated the experiment in habitats containing high- and low-quality spawning substrate (abiotic context).Contradictory to our first hypothesis, we observed that C. oreas did not spawn without its host. The interaction outcome switched from commensalistic to mutualistic with changing abiotic and biotic contexts, although the net outcome was mutualistic.The results of this study yielded novel insight into how context dependency operates in vertebrate mutualisms. Although the dilution effect provided by C. oreas positively influenced reproductive success of N. leptocephalus, it was not enough to overcome both egg predation and poor spawning habitat quality. Outcomes of the interaction may be ultimately determined by associate density. Studies of context dependency in vertebrate systems require detailed knowledge of species life-history traits.
The pituitary adrenocorticotropes originate from neural ridge tissue in Xenopus laevis

A series of grafting experiments was conducted to determine pituitary origins prior to brain tube closure in Xenopus laevis . Extirpation experiments indicated that the ventral neural ridge (VNR) tissue of stage-18+ embryos was essential for pituitary development. Bolton–Hunter reagent was used to label stage-18+ VNR tissue with 125I, and this tissue was then returned to the donor and its subsequent ontogenesis followed. Labelled tissue was ultimately found in the ventral hypothalamus, the ventral retina, and the anterior pituitary. Using immunocytochemical techniques with antisera to adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), it was found that some of the VNR-derived cells were corticotropes. A region of the nucleus infundibularis which was radioactive labelled also gave ACTH-positive immunoreaction. This might indicate that some ACTH containing neurones of the hypothalamus are VNR in origin. We suggest that stage-18+ VNR is the site of attachment of brain and anterior pituitary ectoderm. Part of this adherence point is eventually incorporated into the anterior pituitary and will form corticotropes. It is concluded that the ventral retina, the preoptic region of the hypothalamus, some hypothalamic ACTH-immunoreactive cells, and the most anterior portion of the adenohypophysis are all ventral neural ridge in origin.
Ross’s place in the history of analytic philosophy

ABSTRACTWith the recent revival of moral intuitionism, the work of W. D. Ross has grown in stature. But if we look at some recent well-regarded histories, anthologies and companions of analytic philosophy, Ross is noticeably absent. This discrepancy of assessments raises the question of Ross’s place in the history of analytic philosophy. Hans-Johann Glock has recently claimed that Ross is not an analytic philosopher at all, but is instead a ‘traditional philosopher’. In this article, I will identify several undeniable features of analytic philosophy that Ross’s work bears: a focus on linguistic analysis, great respect for pre-theoretical thoughts, the conviction that philosophy is a collaborative, piecemeal enterprise and so on. Such an investigation, I claim, reveals two historically significant results: Ross was the first ethicist to fully draw from commonsense beliefs about morality in light of characteristic analytic considerations to secure his theory. Two, concerning the matter of whether the notion...
Location-Dominant Housing Markets: Evidence from Beijing

This paper analyzes price tradeoffs between residential quality and location factors in the Beijing housing market. Unlike most housing markets, location factors completely dominate housing prices in this market. The main reason for this appears to be the physical size of central Beijing, where travel times between different urban activity centers are comparable to typical suburban-urban commuting times in large Western cities. To highlight these location-dominance effects, we present a comparative analysis of housing prices in central Beijing with those of the relatively smaller monocentric city of Qingdao in Eastern China. The main results of this regression analysis are to show that location accessibility factors are far more dominant in Beijing, and conversely that residential quality factors are more important in Qingdao. To further illuminate these differences, we develop a simple two-city model in which the “Big” city has multiple activity centers with travel costs comparable to typical commuting costs in the “Small” city. Here it is shown that the resulting bid-price relations between these cities are quite consistent with our empirical findings.
Incorporating learning modules improves aspects of resilience of supervisory cyber-physical systems

The paper demonstrates that aspects of resilience of supervisory Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) can be improved through the inclusion of appropriate learning modules in the subordinate autonomous agents. During normal operation, individual agents keep track of their supervisor's commands and utilize the learning module, based on Grammatical Inference, to learn aspects of the organizational structure of the general system and role assignments. It is shown that in cases that the supervisor fails or communication to subordinates is disrupted, these agents are able to recover normalcy of operations. Guaranteeing normalcy recovery in supervisory CPSs is critical in cases of a catastrophic failure or malicious attack.
An improved constant time technique for the method of characteristics

The method of characteristics has been extensively applied for the solution of one-dimensional unsteady compressible flow problems. Since the method provides for the exact treatment of shocks and flow discontinuities, it is often the preferred approach when a detailed resolution of the flow field is required. Two different techniques are available when employing the method of characteristics. In both cases, the hyperbolic equations governing the flow are combined so that the resulting equations contain derivatives in one direction only. These directions define one-parameter families of curves called characteristics. One numerical technique (see Hoskin, 1970) relies on the solution at points formed by the intersection of opposite families of characteristics. To obtain information along constant time lines, a given spatial position, or along a particle path, requires therefore extensive two-dimensional interpolation. In the second, the so-called constant time approach, the characteristic equations are used to advance the solution in a mesh formed by lines of constant time and distance. In general this technique, first suggested by Hartree (1958), has been found to be more orderly and manageable for high speed computer application. In one particular version of this method (Chou et a l., 1967), amesh is formed of constant time lines and particle paths with the equations of motion expressed in the Eulerian variables. This method has been found to be flexible in its application and is the technique considered in the present paper. It is customary, with the constant time technique of the method of characteristics, to limit the time step by the Courant stability criterion (Courant et al, 1952). It will be shown that this restriction linking the time step to the mesh spacing is not mandatory. An approach in which spatial resolution and time step are chosen independently was developed and applied to the solution of blast wave fields. The latter technique was found to reduce the computational effort without a loss of accuracy. A difficulty often encountered with the method of characteristics is the slow convergence or even divergence of the iterative scheme at flow discontinuities, in particular at shock waves. A method for the advancement of such points, which relies on the appropriate combining of the finite difference equations and the partial algebraic solution of these equations is discussed in the present work. It was found to be always convergent, and significantly reduced the number of iterations required for a specified degree of convergence.
Determining the Optimal Neonatal Care for Preterm Infants in the Era of Personalized Medicine.

The results of the Tor2rpido study1 illustrate the challenges of identifying optimal treatments and care processes for patients in the era of personalized medicine. This study investigated an important area: the initial management of oxygen during the resuscitation of an infant. Oxygen delivery has changed from beginning at high oxygen concentrations to much lower concentrations and, in both cases, titrating the oxygen to the response of the infant. These policies stem from studies of term infants, which found improved outcomes and lower markers of oxidative stress in infants who received much lower oxygen concentrations to begin their resuscitation.2,3 These results are frequently applied to the resuscitation of prematurely born infants, even though the studies in this patient population provided less consistent results.4–6 Similar to a population-based study from Canada,4 the results of the Tor2rpido study suggest that, in a subgroup of prematurely born infants, resuscitations that start with room air may be harmful. But which infants are they, and how could we identify infants for whom their … Address correspondence to Scott A. Lorch, MD, MSCE, 3535 Market St, Suite 1029, Philadelphia, PA 19104. E-mail: lorch{at}email.chop.edu
Software-Defined Networks Principles and Use Case Scenarios

With the emerging services and business models driven by open devices and applications (app stores), service providers are faced with new challenges of reducing total cost of ownership (TCO), improve average revenue per user (ARPU), and customer retention. The software defined networking (SDN) paradigm provides a promising way to address these challenges with four fundamental principles, viz., decoupling of control and forwarding planes for improved scaling to reduce TCO, open APIs for network programmability/flexibility for service velocity and innovation, network virtualization for resource optimization and open flow for intelligent flow management. In this chapter, we provide a review of the SDN technology and business drivers, describe the high-level SDN architecture and principles, and give three scenarios of its use cases in mobile access aggregation networks and the cloud networks. Furthermore, we provide discussions on the design implementation considerations of SDN in the mobile networks and the cloud, in comparison with traditional networks.