cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
CASP, a novel, highly conserved alternative-splicing product of the CDP/ cut/cux gene, lacks cut-repeat and homeo DNA-binding domains, and interacts with full-length CDP in vitro

Abstract Human CDP/cut and its murine counterpart, cux1/CDP are homeodomain repressor proteins in the family of Drosophila Cut. Northern blot analysis reveals complex alternative splicing, including forms too small to encode the full 1505 amino acid protein. We have characterized a CDP/cut alternatively spliced cDNA (CASP) of 3.4 kb. Human CASP, a predicted 678 amino acid polypeptide, shares 400 amino acids with CDP, but has an alternate N terminal exon of 20 aa, and the C-terminal 258 amino acids diverge from CDP/cut entirely. As the unique C-terminus of CASP lacks the three `cut-repeats' and homeodomain of CDP/cut, we predict it does not bind DNA. Murine CASP, 96% similar to human, shares these features. Database searches identify homologs in chicken (86% identical to human CASP) and yeast (29% identical to human). Murine CASP mRNA is ubiquitous in mouse tissues and in tissue-culture cell lines. We generated a specific antiserum against the unique C-terminus of CASP, and used this reagent to demonstrate that CASP protein is expressed as an approx. 80 kDa protein in human and murine cells. Co-translation of in vitro-translated CDP and CASP mRNA, followed by immunoprecipitation with specific anti-CASP IgG, shows that CASP polypeptide can form a complex with CDP. Studies of the intron/exon structure of the murine cux/CDP/mCASP locus (≫100 kb) reveal that the unique 3′ exons of CASP are interposed between cut-repeats 2 and 3 of the cux gene. We speculate that a primordial CASP-like gene captured a cut-repeat-homeobox gene to give rise to the eukaryotic Cut/CDP family of proteins.
The sequence of porcine protein NH2-terminal asparagine amidohydrolase. A new component of the N-end Rule pathway.

Co- and post-translational amino-terminal processing of proteins is one mechanism by which intracellular proteins can be either protected from or targeted to degradation by the N-end Rule pathway (Bachmair, A., Finley, D., and Varshavsky, A.(1986) Science 234, 179-186). A novel enzyme, protein NH2-terminal asparagine amidohydrolase, which can function in this pathway by potentially directing critical regulatory proteins possessing an amino-terminal asparagine residue formed from the removal of N-acetylmethionine, has recently been purified and characterized (Stewart, A. E., Arfin, S. M., and Bradshaw, R. A.(1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 23509-23517). Here, we report the isolation and characterization of a cDNA for porcine protein NH2-terminal asparagine amidohydrolase, which indicates that it is a new type of enzyme, not homologous to any previously identified protein. This provides strong evidence for the importance of regulated protein degradation in cellular functioning.
Multi-Antenna Communication in Ad Hoc Networks: Achieving MIMO Gains with SIMO Transmission

The benefit of multi-antenna receivers is investigated in wireless ad hoc networks, and the main finding is that network throughput can be made to scale linearly with the number of receive antennas N_r even if each transmitting node uses only a single antenna. This is in contrast to a large body of prior work in single-user, multiuser, and ad hoc wireless networks that have shown linear scaling is achievable when multiple receive and transmit antennas (i.e., MIMO transmission) are employed, but that throughput increases logarithmically or sublinearly with N_r when only a single transmit antenna (i.e., SIMO transmission) is used. The linear gain is achieved by using the receive degrees of freedom to simultaneously suppress interference and increase the power of the desired signal, and exploiting the subsequent performance benefit to increase the density of simultaneous transmissions instead of the transmission rate. This result is proven in the transmission capacity framework, which presumes single-hop transmissions in the presence of randomly located interferers, but it is also illustrated that the result holds under several relaxations of the model, including imperfect channel knowledge, multihop transmission, and regular networks (i.e., interferers are deterministically located on a grid).
Prostate cancer expression of runt-domain transcription factor Runx2, a key regulator of osteoblast differentiation and function

BACKGROUND. Prostate cancer (CaP) bone metastases express numerous proteins associated with bone cells. Specific transcription factors, including Runx2, regulate the expressionofmanybone-relatedfactorsinosteoblasts.Expressionofthesetranscriptionfactors in CaP may be linked to the ability of CaP bone metastases to influence bone remodeling. METHODS. CaP tissues and cell lines were analyzed for expression of Runx2 mRNA by RT-PCR and in situ hybridization, and protein by immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA). RESULTS. Runx2 mRNA and protein were detected in CaP tissues and cell lines. A specific Runx2: OSE2 complex could be formed with PC-3 nuclear extracts. CONCLUSIONS. Expression of Runx2 in CaP may be the molecular switch that is associated with expression of various bone-specific factors in CaP. In turn, expression of these factors can influence bone remodeling and possibly play a role in the growth and survival of CaP in bone. Prostate 56: 13–22, 2003. # 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Application of generalized stochastic Petri nets to task allocation in distributed systems

A generalized stochastic Petri net (GSPN) model for task allocation in distributed computer systems is presented. A Markov chain (MC) reduction technique is discussed. This MC reduction method is applied to the GSPN task allocation model to give the mean completion time of the system, for a given allocation of modules to processors. >
Hashimoto thyroiditis is more frequent than expected when diagnosed by cytology which uncovers a pre-clinical state

Our Thyroid-Multidisciplinary Clinic is a large referral site for thyroid diseases. Thyroid biopsies are mainly performed for thyroid cancer screening. Yet, Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) is being too frequently diagnosed. The prevalence of HT is reported as 0.3-1.2% or twice the prevalence of type 1 diabetes. However, the prevalence of HT confirmed by cytology is still uncertain. To evaluate different aspects of thyroid physiopathology including prevalence of Hashimoto's, a database of clinical features, ultrasound images and cytology results of patients referred for FNA of thyroid nodules was prospectively developed. We retrospectively studied 811 consecutive patients for whom ultrasound guided thyroid FNA biopsies were performed at our clinic over 2.5 year period (Mar/2006-Sep/2008). The analysis of our database revealed that from 761 patients, 102 (13.4%) had HT, from whom 56 (7.4%) were euthyroid or had sub-clinical (non-hypothyroid) disease, and 46 (6%) were clinically hypothyroid. This is the first study to show such a high prevalence of HT diagnosed by ultrasound-guided FNA. More strikingly, the prevalence of euthyroid HT, appears to be >5% similar to that of type 2 diabetes. Based on our results, there might be a need to follow up on cytological Hashimoto's to monitor for thyroid failure, especially in high risk states, like pregnancy. The potential risk for thyroid cancer in patients with biopsy-proven inflammation of thyroid epithelium remains to be established prospectively. However, it may explain the increased risk for thyroid cancer observed in patients with elevated but within normal TSH.
Integrated fast and high-accuracy computation of convection diffusion equations using multiscale multigrid method

We present an explicit sixth-order compact finite difference scheme for fast high-accuracy numerical solutions of the two-dimensional convection diffusion equation with variable coefficients. The sixth-order scheme is based on the well-known fourth-order compact (FOC) scheme, the Richardson extrapolation technique, and an operator interpolation scheme. For a particular implementation, we use multiscale multigrid method to compute the fourth-order solutions on both the coarse grid and the fine grid. Then, an operator interpolation scheme combined with the Richardson extrapolation technique is used to compute a sixth-order accurate fine grid solution. We compare the computed accuracy and the implementation cost of the new scheme with the standard nine-point FOC scheme and Sun–Zhang's sixth-order method. Two convection diffusion problems are solved numerically to validate our proposed sixth-order scheme. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2011
Memory and incidental learning for visual frozen noise sequences

Abstract Five experiments explored short-term memory and incidental learning for random visual spatio-temporal sequences. In each experiment, human observers saw samples of 8 Hz temporally-modulated 1D or 2D contrast noise sequences whose members were either uncorrelated across an entire 1-s long stimulus sequence, or comprised two frozen noise sequences that repeated identically between a stimulus’ first and second 500 ms halves (“Repeated” noise). Presented with randomly intermixed stimuli of both types, observers judged whether each sequence repeated or not. Additionally, a particular exemplar of Repeated noise (a frozen or “Fixed Repeated” noise) was interspersed multiple times within a block of trials. As previously shown with auditory frozen noise stimuli ( Agus, Thorpe, & Pressnitzer, 2010 ) recognition performance ( d ′) increased with successive presentations of a Fixed Repeated stimulus, and exceeded performance with regular Repeated noise. However, unlike the case with auditory stimuli, learning of random visual stimuli was slow and gradual, rather than fast and abrupt. Reverse correlation revealed that contrasts occupying particular temporal positions within a sequence had disproportionately heavy weight in observers’ judgments. A subsequent experiment suggested that this result arose from observers’ uncertainty about the temporal mid-point of the noise sequences. Additionally, discrimination performance fell dramatically when a sequence of contrast values was repeated, but in reverse (“mirror image”) order. This poor performance with temporal mirror images is strikingly different from vision’s exquisite sensitivity to spatial mirror images.
Stem cell and hepatocyte proliferation in hepatitis C cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma: transplant implications

Background. The liver possesses two distinct mechanisms for healing. Wound healing via hepatic stem cells recapitulates early development (hepatoblast proliferation), while liver regeneration resembles late embryonic growth (hepatocyte proliferation). Loss of control over both of these processes have been proposed as mechanisms that may contribute to poor outcomes in HCC. Material and methods. We used microarray gene expression profiles to examine the involvement of hepatic stem cell and hepatocyte proliferation markers and regulators in HCV-induced cirrhosis and HCC. We compared 30 cirrhosis and 49 HCC samples to 12 disease-free control livers. Results. Cirrhosis and HCC expressed markers of stem cell. Inhibitors of hepatocyte proliferation (HP) were highly expressed in cirrhosis. Loss of these HP inhibitors in HCC patients was associated poor prognosis (94 vs. 38% 2-year recurrence- free survival, p = 0.0003). Principal Components Analysis discriminated cirrhotic and HCC tissues, and HCC patients with poor ( 2 year) recurrence-free survival. Loss of CDH1 expression correlated with up-regulation of hepatocyte proliferation promoters MET and YAP1. CDH1, MET, and YAP1 were independent predictors of recurrence-free survival by Cox regression when corrected for tumor stage (p < 0.0001). Conclusion. HCV-cirrhosis is characterized by proliferation of liver stem cells and inhibition of hepatocyte proliferation. HCC tumors in which this pattern persists have superior outcomes to those which acquire a hepatocyte proliferation signature. Genes in this signature should be studied further for potential as tissue or serum biomarkers for patient risk stratification. CDH1 and MET are candidates for personalized therapies with targeted pharmaceutical agents.
Spectral analysis of left-handed rectangular waveguides with dielectric-filled corrugations

The spectral analysis of an infinite rectangular waveguide with dielectric-filled transverse corrugations is performed to investigate supporting backward waves in this structure. The corrugations act as a capacitive immittance surface which provides a suitable environment for left-hand propagation to occur in an undersized rectangular waveguide having an inherent shunt inductance of the evanescent transverse electric dominant mode. The analysis of the corrugated waveguide is based on Floquet's theorem, where the problem is solved in terms of a unit cell; then Galerkin's projection technique is applied to reduce the integral equation to the matrix form. The dispersion relation and the modal field expressions are derived and, for the special case of wall-to-wall corrugations with single current harmonic, rather simpler expressions are obtained. The effect of the different design parameters on the dispersion characteristics is studied with emphasis on the left-hand propagation band. Some representative field plots of the dominant mode of the corrugated structure are depicted. Sample results are compared with Ansoft High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) and with an equivalent circuit model developed for the same structure. The results exhibit very good agreement.
R-rated movie viewing, growth in sensation seeking and alcohol initiation: reciprocal and moderation effects.

The current study employed parallel process and discrete time hazard regressions to examine the interplay among exposure to R-rated movies, sensation seeking, and initiation of alcohol use in a national U.S. sample (N=6255) of adolescents, ages 10–14, who were followed over four waves spanning 2 years. There was a short-term reciprocal relation between watching R-rated movies and sensation seeking, but over the 2-year observation period, exposure to R-rated movies was associated with increases in sensation seeking and not vice versa. Sensation seeking also moderated the effect of watching R-rated movies on initiation of alcohol consumption such that exposure was associated with greater increases in initiation of alcohol use among low sensation than among high sensation seeking adolescents. The study provides empirical evidence of an environmental media effect on sensation seeking, and important new information about the relations among sensation seeking, media exposure, and adolescent alcohol use.
Paragon's experience in successful technology development and infusion within the SBIR program

Paragon Space Development Corporation (Paragon) has been honored by NASA as a “Hallmark Success Story” due to our ability to incorporate radiator development technology into the Orion Program winning bid by Lockheed Martin. The Paragon Dive System™ used for contaminated-water diving, currently being manufactured for the Navy, was also named one of the “Top 10 Inventions” of the year by Popular Science magazine (June 2008). Both of these technology development efforts found their root in the Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) program. Paragon has had an almost unparalleled success in SBIR technology development with a “win rate” of almost 80% and a continuation of Phase I efforts to Phase II for all but one SBIRs through eight years of effort. We attribute this performance to a number of factors: 1) A corporate culture that encourages and awards innovation, 2) Efforts to understand the customer's ultimate needs and constraints and to incorporate that knowledge into the proposal stage, as well as during the development effort, 3) A very structured process of SBIR proposal development including an emphasis on technical objectives and outcomes of each task, 4) Disciplined execution of programs to cost and budget, 5) Strong internal investment and commitment to success in higher risk programs, and 6) Rigorous exercise and protection of the garnered SBIR data rights. Each one of these elements are expanded upon and explained in more detail within this paper with clear actions that the reader can take to focus their efforts on the successful development and infusion of technology with an emphasis on the NASA SBIR process and outcomes. In addition, some suggestions will be made as to policies that could be changed by government agencies to improve the process and remove obstacles. These will include timely funding and contract negotiations, agency broadcasting of technology needs and desires, and increased emphasis on demonstrations that will speak directly to the “Technology Readiness Level”.
Overrepresentation of Native American Children in Foster Care: An Independent Construct?

National foster care disparity rates for Native American, African-American, and Hispanic children were examined using correlational and linear regression models confirmed by bootstrapping procedures. African-American disparity and Hispanic disparity were predicted by disparity of the other groups, but Native American disparity was not predicted by other groups. Findings support the hypothesis that an independent construct is operating for Native American disparity, suggesting the need for unique policies and practices to address Native American overrepresentation in foster care.
The effect of drug resistance on the fitness of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains a leading infectious cause of morbidity and mortality. While antibiotic resistance is cited as a potential threat to efforts aimed at controlling the spread of this pathogen, it is not clear how drug resistance affects disease dynamics. The effect of mutational events that lead to antibiotic-resistant phenotypes may or may not have a predictable effect on the fitness of drug-resistant tuberculosis strains. Here, we review the literature on laboratory studies of the fitness of drug-resistant tuberculosis, we examine the evidence from cluster studies, and we consider the effect of drug resistance on disease dynamics in mathematical models. On the basis of these diverse lines of evidence, we conclude that the fitness estimates of drug-resistant M tuberculosis are quite heterogeneous and that this variation may preclude our ability to predict future trends of this pathogen.
Inheritance of Resistance to the NL-8 Strain of Bean Common Mosaic Necrosis Virus in Bean

Bean common mosaic necrosis virus (BCMNV) includes four African strains, BCMNV-NL3, -NL-5, -NL8, and -TN1, previously considered to be members of the bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) group. Many bean cultivars resistant to BCMNV-NL8 were found to be susceptible to the other strains of the virus. 'California Light Red Kidney' (CLRK) and 'Carbon', resistant to BCMNV-NL8, were crossed with the susceptible cultivars Sanilac or Black Turtle 2 (BT-2). In plants of F 1, F2, and reciprocal backcross populations involving CLRK × 'Sanilac' or BT-2 × 'Carbon', the resistance to BCMVN-NL8 was determined to be conferred by a single dominant factor. The same factor was detected in BCMNV-NL8-resistant 'Great Northern 1140' and 'IVT-7214, when crossed with the susceptible cultivar Stringless Refugee or BT-2.
Crystal Nucleation in Amorphous Si Thin Films During Ion Irradiation

The nucleation and transformation kinetics of the amorphous-to-crystal transition in Si films under 1.5 MeV Xe+ irradiation have been investigated by means of in situ transmission electron microscopy in the temperature range T = 480 − 580°C. After an incubation period during which negligible nucleation occurs, a constant nucleation rate was observed in steady state, suggesting homogeneous nucleation. A significant enhancement in nucleation rate during high energy ion irradiation (6 orders of magnitude) was observed as compared with thermal crystallization, with an apparent activation energy of Qn = 3.9 ± 0.75 eV. Independent analyses of the temperature dependence of the incubation time, the crystal growth rate, and nucleation rate suggest that interface rearrangement kinetics and not the thermodynamic barrier to crystallization are affected by ion irradiation.
Hydrodynamic and foundation interaction effects in frequency response functions for concrete gravity dams

The linear response of idealized dam cross-sections to harmonic horizontal or vertical ground motion is presented for a range of the important system parameters characterizing the properties of the dam, foundation rock and impounded water. Based on these frequency response functions, the separate effects of interaction between the dam and water and interaction between the dam and foundation, and the combined effects of the two sources of interaction, on dynamic response of dams are investigated.
Stacks and clips: uncanny similarities in the modes of self-assembly in ternary Ag(I) complexes with 1,2-diazines and chelating heteroarenes

The first syntheses and structural elucidation of Ag(I) ternary complexes with 1,2-diazines and chelating heteroarenes have been described. Conserved modes of inter-cation Ag+⋯π and π⋯π stacking interactions result in near identical patterns of cation self-assembly in these ternary complexes.
Signed quasi-measures and dimension theory

A quasi-linear functional on C(X) is a real-valued function that is linear on each closed, singly generated subalgebra and is norm bounded. We show that if the covering dimension dimX 0, there is a closed set K C U such that whenever V is open and V C U \ K, then I(V) I < 6. Such a set function is called a signed quasi-measure. For a signed quasi-measure, ,u, the corresponding quasi-linear functional is constructed as follows. For each f E C(X), there is a signed measure pf on R such that pf(U) = p(f 1U). Then p(f) is the integral of i(x) = x with respect to Hf. See [3] for details about this correspondence and basic facts about signed quasi-measures. The fact that a quasi-measure can exist that does not extend to a measure is not obvious. The first construction of such a quasi-measure is in [1] for the space X = [0,1]2. However, for the case of positive quasi-measures, it was shown by Wheeler [8] and Shakmatov [7] that every quasi-measure is a measure if the covering dimension dim X < 1. See also [4]. It is the goal of this paper to prove the analogous result for signed quasi-measures. This is not automatic from the result of Wheeler and Shakmatov since it is not known whether every signed quasi-measure Received by the editors February 10, 1998 and, in revised form, June 1, 1998. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 28C15. (D2000 American Mathematical Society
Mouse antibodies to human zona pellucida: evidence that human ZP3 is strongly immunogenic and contains two distinct isomer chains.

Polyclonal antibodies were raised in mice by immunization with solubilized human zonae pellucidae (ZP). Dot-blot analysis and ELISAs showed very strong immunoreactivity against human and pig ZP, and less inimunoreactivity against rabbit and mouse ZP. One- and two-dimensional (1D and 2D) Western blot analysis detected immunoreactivity to three human ZP-specific bands. Under 1D nonreducing conditions, bands were detected at M, 97000, 61 000, and 51 000; the lower molecular weight (MW) bands showed the strongest reaction. Three acidic bands were detected under nonreducing 2D Western blot analysis, one at M, 85000-107000, and two closely apposed, parallel, and more acidic bands atM, 47000-55000 and M, 55000-62000. The lower MW bands displayed considerable microheterogeneity, with 8-13 change isomers detected; the lower MW form (ZP3L) appeared to be more strongly reactive than the higher MW form (ZP3H), and displayed a more intense labeling towards the basic end of the isomer change train. The human ZP antiserum detected electrophoretically separated heterologous ZP from pigs, rabbits, and mice, and was also shown to inhibit homologous sperm-zona binding in in vitro assays. This is the first study to report that human ZP3 consists of two distinct isomer chains.
Inducing oblique decision trees with evolutionary algorithms

This paper illustrates the application of evolutionary algorithms (EAs) to the problem of oblique decision-tree (DT) induction. The objectives are to demonstrate that EAs can find classifiers whose accuracy is competitive with other oblique tree construction methods, and that, at least in some cases, this can be accomplished in a shorter time. We performed experiments with a (1+1) evolution strategy and a simple genetic algorithm on public domain and artificial data sets, and compared the results with three other oblique and one axis-parallel DT algorithms. The empirical results suggest that the EAs quickly find competitive classifiers, and that EAs scale up better than traditional methods to the dimensionality of the domain and the number of instances used in training. In addition, we show that the classification accuracy improves when the trees obtained with the EAs are combined in ensembles, and that sometimes it is possible to build the ensemble of evolutionary trees in less time than a single traditional oblique tree.
Volvo/Renault: The Contest for Shareholder Approval

This case describes the series of events surrounding shareholder opposition to the proposed merger between Volvo and Renault. The proposed merger had been preceded by a strategic alliance; the industrial logic for the merger seemed sensible. The task for the student is to assess why the shareholders resisted the merger, causing Volvo's board to withdraw the merger proposal. The most important factor was the presence of an unusual control option to be granted to the French government, which rendered the proposal unpalatable to Swedish shareholders. Other factors included cultural differences and enmity toward Volvo's flamboyant Chair Pehr Gyllenhammar. This case may be taught alone or as an epilogue to the companion case, "AB Volvo/Regie Nationale des Usines Renault S.A." (UVA-F-1088).
Making prevention of abuse and neglect through dental awareness green

Family violence encompasses child, spouse, and elder abuse and neglect and is viewed as a serious public health threat in our society. Unfortunately, abuse and neglect are commonplace in our society and are not limited to the civilian sector. The military community mirrors the civilian sector in the prevalence of abuse and neglect. Traditionally, identification and intervention of suspected cases of abuse and neglect was thought to be the role of the medical provider. Reports that up to 94% of family violence injuries have head and neck components, which is the very site that dental providers focus their attention, justifies the need for dental involvement. The U.S. Army Dental Command's Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Program's newest initiative is a family violence awareness program called Prevention of Abuse and Neglect through Dental Awareness (PA.N.D.A.). The program augments the Army Family Advocacy Program and gives dental-specific knowledge to our providers. The goals of this article are to describe the new program of the U.S. Army Dental Command that focuses on providing education and awareness to the dental community regarding family violence and to report the results of a survey that has been administered during the family violence training. More than 71% of individuals attending the P.A.N.D.A. training claimed to have previous training in family violence, whereas only 44% were knowledgeable about military regulations governing abuse and neglect.
A multi-institutional analysis of interactions supported by a LMS

Researchers of distance education conditions demonstrate that different interaction types can support different learning outcomes (e.g., Bernard et al., 2009). In this paper, we explore how instructors and students value specific uses for a LMS grouped under specific interaction types: Learner-Instructor (LI), Learner-Content (LC), and Learner-Learner (LL) interactions. For this study, we recruited 11 American universities using the same LMS, asking instructors (N=2,570) and students (N=6,980) to indicate their perceptions of LMS functionalities in an online survey. Using this large and diverse sample, we addressed four research questions: (1) Do instructors and students value interaction types differently? Do respondents value interaction types differently based on (2) their university setting, (3) the number of courses they have used a LMS, and (4) their preference for using IT in courses?
Octaethyl-1,3-oxazinochlorin: A β-Octaethylchlorin Analogue Made by Pyrrole Expansion

Treatment of the oxime of octaethyloxochlorin 4, available from octaethylporphyrin 3, under Beckmann conditions provided not the expected lactam, but octaethyl-1,3-oxazinochlorin 8, in which a pyrrole moiety of the parent oxochlorin was expanded by an oxygen atom to an 1,3-oxazinone moiety. Its mechanism of formation was demonstrated to occur along an “abnormal Beckmann” pathway, followed by intramolecular ring closure and hydrolysis. The work expands the methodologies known to convert octaethylporphyrin to pyrrole-modified porphyrin analogues.
Investigations of Perspectives for Re-Engining Commercial Single-Aisle Transport Aircraft

With the ever present need to improve aircraft efficiencies and the steadily rising development costs and gestation times for new airframes, OEMs may consider re-engining existing models as an interim step. For a fraction of the cost of the clean-sheet design (assuming only re-engining with limited other improvements occur), a re-engined aircraft provides significant efficiency gains and expansion of the normal operating envelope. However, the engineering decisions required to re-engine successfully, especially with regards to weight, payload, and range, are by no means clear cut; many viable approaches exist. This paper examines four different methods to re-engine, applied in the context of a 737-800 and A330-300, and the resulting shifts in performance.
A Digitally Intensive Transmitter/PA Using RF-PWM With Carrier Switching in 130 nm CMOS

A digitally intensive transmitter using RF pulse-width-modulation (PWM) with a class-D power amplifier (PA) is described. The use of carrier switching for alleviating the dynamic range limitation that can be observed in classical RF-PWM implementations is introduced. The approach employs full carrier frequency for half of the amplitude range and the second harmonic of half of the carrier frequency, for the remainder of the amplitude range. This concept not only allows the transmitter to drive modulated signals with large peak-to-average power ratios (PAPR) but also improves back-off efficiency due to reduced switching losses in the half carrier-frequency mode. A glitch-free phase selector is proposed that removes the deleterious glitches that can occur at the input data transitions. The phase-selector also prevents D flip-flop setup-and-hold time violations. The transmitter has been implemented in a 130-nm CMOS process. The measured peak output power and power-added-efficiency (PAE) are 25.6 dBm and 34%, respectively. While driving 802.11g 20 MHz 64-QAM OFDM signals, the average output power is 18.3 dBm and the PAE is 16% with an EVM of $-25.5\; \text{dB}$ .
Hygienic quality of cold cooked meat products in hotels in Taizhou During 2006～2007

Objective:To investigate the hygienic quality of cold cooked meat products in hotels in Taizhou to offer some reference for supervision and law execution of food hygiene.Methods:A total of 531 cold cooked meat product samples were collected according to random sampling principle from hotels located in Taizhou during 2006～2007,then determined the total bacteria,Coliform bacteria,Salmonella,Shigella and Staphylococcus aureus based on government standard(GB/T4789.17).Results:222 samples were detected in 2006.140 samples were no defect and the rate of eligibility was 63.1%.309 samples were detected in 2007.207 samples were no defect and the rate of eligibility was 67.0%.4 time periods(January to March,April to June,July to September,October to December),the rate of total bacteria eligibility was 84.9%,77.1%,94.7%,96.4% respectively,and the rate of Coliform bacteria eligibility was 73.4%,54.3%,65.6%,78.7%,respectively.Shigella was detected in 2 samples(0.4%) of the total 531.Staphylococcus aureus was detected in 22 samples(4.1%).No Salmonella was detected in all samples.The total rate of eligibility in January-to-March period and October-to-December period was 74.6%,significantly higher than that of April-to-September period(χ2=26.7,P0.005),which the rate of eligibility was 53.2%.Conclusion:The rate of eligibility of cold cooked meat products is low,and microorganism contamination is serious.Surveillance and management of cold cooked meat products should be enhanced.
Moral distress and intention to leave: A comparison of adult and paediatric nurses by hospital setting

Summary Objectives To assess moral distress intensity and frequency in adult/paediatric nurses in critical care and non-critical care units; and explore relationships of nurse characteristics and moral distress with intention to leave. Methods/setting A descriptive, correlational design was used to administer an online survey using the Moral Distress Scale to nurses across multiple settings. Main outcome measures Intensity and frequency of moral distress and intention to leave current position. Results The survey response rate was 43% ( n =426/1000). Critical care nurses had the highest levels of moral distress intensity and frequency, compared to non-critical care specialties ( M =2.5±0.19, p =0.005 for intensity and M =1.6±0.11, p p =0.003). Hispanic nurses had significantly higher levels of moral distress intensity ( p =0.01). Conclusion Moral distress is a complex phenomenon requiring further study, particularly with regard to the role of ethnic and cultural differences on perceptions of moral distress.
Management of nonsmall cell lung carcinoma with solitary brain metastasis.

Cushing’s group, operating on metastatic brain tumors in the 1920s, was the first to point out that lung cancer (usually adenocarcinoma in an upper lobe) was the most common primary tumor. Excision of a solitary metastasis could result in long-term survival. Magilligan and coworkers (J T horac C ardiovasc S urg 1976;72:690) introduced the modern era of large series of combined lung-brain resection with low mortality (3%) and a 5-year outcome of 21%. Our results (92 patients) confirm their experience. Presenting symptoms were pulmonary (53), synchronous (28), or neurologic (11). Nonsquamous cell (48) predominated. Pulmonary resections (45) were pneumonectomy (five), lobectomy (27), segmentectomy (five), and wedge biopsy (eight). Craniotomy (68) and irradiation resulted in recurrence in seven patients. There was no operative mortality. The survival rate after curative lung and brain resection (27) was 52% at 1 year, 35% at 2 years, and 21 % at 5 years. Median survival in noncurative combined resection (eight), craniotomy only (27), thoracotomy only (eight), or no surgery (22) groups, with or without irradiation or chemotherapy, averaged 6.4 months. Every effort should be made to give patients with this syndrome the benefit of combined surgery, which was not offered or agreed on in more than a third of our cases.
A Selective C−H Deprotonation Strategy to Access Functionalized Arynes by Using Hypervalent Iodine

Described here is an efficient method to access highly functionalized arynes from unsymmetrical aryl(mesityl)iodonium tosylate salts. The iodonium salts are prepared in a single pot from either commercially available aryl iodides or arylboronic acids. The aryne intermediates are generated by ortho-C-H deprotonation of aryl(mesityl)iodonium salt with a commercially available amide base and trapped in a cycloaddition reaction with furan in moderate to good yields. Coupling partners for the aryne intermediates beyond furan are also described, including benzyl azide and alicyclic amine nucleophiles. The regio- and chemoselectivity of this reaction is discussed and evidence for the spectator aryl ligand of the iodonium salt as a critical control element in selectivity is presented.
Proliferative and morphogenic changes induced by the coculture of rat uterine and peritoneal cells: a cell culture model for endometriosis * †

Objective To evaluate the proliferative and morphogenic effects induced by the coculture of uterine and peritoneal cells to establish a cell culture model for endometriosis. Design Uterine epithelial and stromal cells and peritoneal mesothelial and subserosal cells were cocultured with homologous cell types, heterologous cell types, or as isolated populations using a bicameral chamber design. Setting Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri. Animals Cells isolated and purified from five mature female Sprague Dawley rats of normal reproductive status were used to establish cell cultures. Main Outcome Measures Cell proliferation (deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis) was measured by the incorporation of 3 H-thymidine, and cell morphology was assessed using inverted phase-contrast microscopy. Results Peritoneal mesothelial cells augmented proliferation and induced cellular aggregation of uterine stromal cell monolayers. Peritoneal subserosal cells amplified proliferation and induced an irregular, compacted morphology in uterine epithelial cells. The proliferation and morphology of the two peritoneal cell types was not altered by uterine cell coculture. Conclusions The coculture of uterine and peritoneal cells in bicameral chambers provides a tool to study the paracrine interactions of cells that comprise the endometriotic lesion. The altered proliferation and morphology of the uterine cells may be related to the histologic and biochemical asynchrony observed between uterine endometrium and ectopic endometriotic tissue in vivo and offers insight into possible mechanisms of the histogenesis of endometriosis.
Adolescent experience with traumatic injury and orthopaedic external fixation: forever changed.

Background More than 13 million adolescents sustain traumatic injuries yearly, resulting in functional disability, disfigurement, psychosocial problems, and fractures that are increasingly treated with orthopaedic external fixation devices. Little is known about the experiences of injured adolescents. Method This longitudinal, qualitative descriptive study described the experiences of traumatically injured adolescents treated with external fixation devices. Results Analysis of data from 26 open-ended, semistructured interviews with 5 male and 4 female adolescents revealed a struggle to return "to their old self" only to recognize that they were "forever changed." Major themes included what risk? (circumstances leading to the traumatic event), processing the event, suck it up and deal with it (strategies), space-age robot, and they'll do it themselves (pin care self-management). Conclusion Their experiences affected all tasks of adolescence: independence from parents, accepting body image, peer relations, and forming an identity. Findings related to the use of self-administered analgesics, information technology, recall of detail, and gender differences in coping may lead to future interventions and lay the groundwork for future studies that may improve care of adolescents during acute recovery from traumatic injury.
Basic Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics: An Integrated Textbook and Computer Simulations

By Sara E. Rosenbaum, Ph.D. Published by Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, 2011. 430 p. Price $59.95 (soft cover). This is primarily an introductory book on kinetics and actions of drugs for pharmacy and medical students. It also may serve as a refresher and self-study guide for
Emergence and resolution of ambivalence in expectant mothers.

This paper discusses the unique aberrational fantasies of pregnant women with a previous history of psychiatric disturbance. A 22-year-old primigravida with a prior history of schizoaffective disor...
A Review of Engineering Approaches for Lymphedema Detection

Edema is a condition characterized by excessive swelling of a tissue due to an abnormal accumulation of interstitial fluid in the subcutaneous tissue. More specifically, disruption of the lymphatic system causes what is known as lymphedema. This condition is commonly seen in breast cancer survivors postradiotherapy treatment, chemotherapy, and surgeries; this population has shown high risk of developing lymphedema in the limbs. Throughout the years, several techniques have been developed and implemented for the detection and measurement of lymphedema, including techniques to measure the diseased limb volume, electrical techniques to measure the water content in tissues, and optical techniques to measure either tissue absorbance or limb volume. However, there is still no method that allows for continuous monitoring of the disease and provides a better understanding of its progression. This study describes the different approaches that have been used and that could be used for lymphedema measurement.
Mutation in the Zebrafish Homolog of the RNA Helicase DHX8 Result in Hematopoietic Defects.

Abstract Hematopoiesis is a tightly regulated process that requires the coordinated efforts of many tissue-specific transcription factors. Lateral mesoderm tissue undergoes a series of restricted proliferation and differentiation that result in the production of the hematopoietic stem cells. These cells then differentiate to populate the different cell lineages. While some factors essential for this process have been defined, many remain unknown. Zebrafish offer a powerful model system in which it is possible to conduct forward phenotype-driven screening. We have undertaken a chemical mutagenesis screen using N-nitroso-N-ethylurea (ENU) in the zebrafish to uncover mutants in myelopoiesis and early hematopoiesis. Adult male fish were exposed to ENU in a protocol designed to mutagenize spermatagonia with a mutation frequency of approximately 1:1000. Mutagenized males were crossed to wild-type females to generate F1 females. Haploid embryos from F1 females were screened at 27 hours of development by RNA in situ hybridization using the myeloid-specific marker, leukocyte-specific plastin (l-plastin), and the stem cell marker, core binding factor b (cbfb). One mutant line identified from this screen, mummy, showed reduced cbfb expression and lack of l-plastin expression. Additional in situ staining has confirmed that mummy has a myeloid defect as other myeloid markers such as Lys.C, Mpo, and C/ebp1 were also significantly reduced. Mummy mutant also have a degreased expression of gata1 and bE1 globin (RBC markers) as well as the stem cell marker scl. These results suggested that the defect in mummy is at or up-stream of the HSC level. The mummy mutant embryos also suffer from widespread cell death and die around 36 hours post fertilization. Genetic mapping and positional cloning has identified the mutated gene as the zebrafish homolog of DHX8, which encodes an RNA helicase. The yeast homolog of dhx8, prp22, functions during mRNA splicing and RNA processing. Morpholino injection into wild-type embryos has confirmed that reduced expression of dhx8 can produce a similar phenotype. The wild-type zebrafish dhx8 cDNA but not the mutated dhx8 cDNA identified in mummy was able to partially rescue the mummy phenotype. Preliminary data from RT-PCR and microarray analysis suggest that mummy mutants have defects in the production of spliced transcripts of some genes but not others. Genes with decreased spliced transcripts in the mummy mutant include scl, cbfb, and gata1, which may explain the hematpoietic defects observed. Our results demonstrate that mutations in an RNA helicase involved in splicing could result in specific blockage of hematopoiesis.
The Misuse of Android Unix Domain Sockets and Security Implications

In this work, we conduct the first systematic study in understanding the security properties of the usage of Unix domain sockets by both Android apps and system daemons as an IPC (Inter-process Communication) mechanism, especially for cross-layer communications between the Java and native layers. We propose a tool called SInspector to expose potential security vulnerabilities in using Unix domain sockets through the process of identifying socket addresses, detecting authentication checks, and performing data flow analysis. Our in-depth analysis revealed some serious vulnerabilities in popular apps and system daemons, such as root privilege escalation and arbitrary file access. Based on our findings, we propose countermeasures and improved practices for utilizing Unix domain sockets on Android.
Power supply aware computing

This paper discusses the performance benefits and energy efficiency improvements from microprocessors that communicate with their power supply. The power supply's response to computing load changes can be vastly improved with information about expected transients. Supply voltages can be modified to decrease steady-state power losses. A microprocessor can also adjust its computational activity based on information provided by the power supply. Additional benefits such as cost reduction, size reduction, and improved reliability are expected. Experimental results demonstrate the benefits.
A novel approach to probing in vivo metabolite relaxation: Linear quantification of spatially modulated magnetization.

Purpose Conventional sequences for metabolite transverse relaxation quantification all generally measure signal changes at different echo times (TEs). However, quantification results obtained via these conventional methods can be very different and are highly dependent on the type of sequence being applied. TE-dependent effects such as diffusion, macromolecule baseline, and J-coupling modulation contribute significantly to these differences. Here, we propose a novel technique—multiple flip angle pulse-driven ratio of longitudinal steady states (MARzss)—for preparing magnetization with T2/T1 weighting. Using premeasured T1 values, T2 values for metabolites can thereby be determined. The measurement procedure does not require varying TE and is TE independent; T2, diffusion, and J-coupling effects induced by the readout sequence are cancelled. Method Longitudinal steady states at different flip angles were prepared with trains of radio frequency pulses interspersed with field gradients. The resulting spatially modulated longitudinal magnetization was acquired with a PRESS readout module. A new linear equation for quantification of MARzss was derived from Bloch equations. Results By implementing this readout-independent method, T2 measurement of brain metabolites at 7T was demonstrated through Bloch simulations, phantom, and in vivo experiments. Conclusions The proposed MARzss technique can be used to largely avoid multi-TE associated interference, including diffusion, macromolecules, and J modulation. This MARzss technology, which is uniquely insensitive to readout sequence type and TE, is a promising technique for more accurately probing in vivo metabolite relaxation. Magn Reson Med, 2017. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.