cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The role of hypnotics in continuous positive airway pressure compliance.

2007;131;1616 Chest Rafael Pelayo and Christian Guilleminault Positive Airway Pressure Compliance The Role of Hypnotics in Continuous http://chestjournal.chestpubs.org/content/131/5/1616.1.full.html services can be found online on the World Wide Web at: The online version of this article, along with updated information and ISSN:0012-3692 ) http://chestjournal.chestpubs.org/site/misc/reprints.xhtml ( written permission of the copyright holder. this article or PDF may be reproduced or distributed without the prior Dundee Road, Northbrook, IL 60062. All rights reserved. No part of Copyright2007by the American College of Chest Physicians, 3300 Physicians. It has been published monthly since 1935. is the official journal of the American College of Chest Chest
Dark-Field Oxidative Addition-Based Chemosensing: New Bis-cyclometalated Pt(II) Complexes and Phosphorescent Detection of Cyanogen Halides

Heavy metal complexes that are phosphorescent at room temperature are becoming increasingly important in materials chemistry, principally due to their use in phosphorescent organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs). Their use in optical sensory schemes, however, has not been heavily explored. Homoleptic bis-cyclometalated Pt(II) complexes are known to undergo oxidative addition with appropriate electrophiles (principally alkyl halides) by either thermal or photochemical activation. We have applied this general reaction scheme to the development of a phosphorescence-based sensing system for cyanogen halides. To carry out structure−property relationship studies, a series of previously unreported Pt(II) complexes was prepared. Most of the complexes (excluding those that incorporated substituents on the ligands that forced steric crowding in the square plane) were strongly orange-red phosphorescent (Φ = 0.2−0.3) in a room-temperature oxygen-free solution. These sterically demanding ligands also accelerated the a...
A flow cytometric method for intracellular labeling and purification of rare neuronal populations: Isolation of fixed neurophysin neurons

A method is described for flow cytometric analysis and fluorescence-activated cell sorting of small populations of neurons following dissociation of fixed brain tissue and immunofluorescent labeling of intracellular antigens. This method has been successfully applied to neurophysin-containing magnocellular neurons of the rat supraoptic (SON) and paraventricular (PVN) hypothalamic nuclei. These neurons constitute a rare population in the context of flow cytometry, comprising less than 2% of all cells present in dissociated tissue punches of SON and PVN. Following labeling with anti-neurophysins sera and fluorescein-conjugated second antibody, a highly enriched population containing 80-85% neurophysin-positive neurons was isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Recovery of 29% of all neurophysin-containing neurons in the SON/PVN was achieved. Perikarya were recovered largely intact, frequently with attached proximal dendritic processes. Applications of this method include purification of specific neuronal types for use as immunogens in production of monoclonal antibodies to cell-type-specific antigens, and rapid surveys of fluorescent lectin or other ligand binding to cell populations identified by the presence of particular intracellular antigens.
On the origin of trimethylamine oxide in the spiny dogfish, Squalus acanthias.

Abstract 1. 1. The ability to synthesize trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) from 14 C-labeled precursors was examined in intact dogfish and in isolated liver preparations. 2. 2. There was no incorporation of 14 C-trimethylamine or choline-methyl- 14 C into TMAO in vivo or in slices and homogenates. Neither was there incorporation of l -methionine-methyl- 14 C by slices. 3. 3. Maintenance of constant plasma levels of TMAO during starvation was attributed to slow release of the base from the large pool present in muscle and to the low rate of excretion.
Huna Tlingit Gull Egg Harvests in Glacier Bay National Park

There is a vigorous debate in academic and management circles with regard to the question of whether indigenous peoples characteristically "conserve" their local natural resources (Smith and Wishnie, 2000; Hunn et al., 2003). Behind this question lurks another, "Who is indigenous?" Proponents of indigenous conservation argue that indigenous communities are more deeply attached to their homelands than are other "stake holders" in the locality, such as recent settlers and their descendants, and transient resource users such as international timber harvest companies, commercial and sport fishermen, hunters, or tourists. The indigenous conservation argument asserts that roots in the local landscape many generations deep are likely to motivate a strong interest in maintaining existing landscapes and patterns of habitat diversity supportive of indigenous ways of life, particularly the subsistence practices that largely define such lifeways. In addition, it is argued that multigenerational attachments to place m...
Chromosome changes in soft tissue tumors: benign and malignant.

AbstractChromosome analyses in leukemias and cancers have yielded a body of cytogenetic information which has led to the hypothesis that specific (primary) chromosomal abnormalities exist in specific types of leukemia and cancer, findings of value in the diagnosis, prognosis, and classification of each condition (1-6). In hematopoietic neoplasia such nonrandom chromosome abnormalities are often and consistently associated with a particular disease process, making it possible to subdivide the acute leukemias and myelodysplastic syndromes into distinct categories. Furthermore, the primary cytogenetic change may serve as an independent variable in the prognosis, apparently unrelated as to how these diseases are classified according to the criteria of the French-American-British (FAB) Cooperative Group (7).
Optimization of parameters for semiempirical methods V: modification of NDDO approximations and application to 70 elements.

Several modifications that have been made to the NDDO core-core interaction term and to the method of parameter optimization are described. These changes have resulted in a more complete parameter optimization, called PM6, which has, in turn, allowed 70 elements to be parameterized. The average unsigned error (AUE) between calculated and reference heats of formation for 4,492 species was 8.0 kcal mol−1. For the subset of 1,373 compounds involving only the elements H, C, N, O, F, P, S, Cl, and Br, the PM6 AUE was 4.4 kcal mol−1. The equivalent AUE for other methods were: RM1: 5.0, B3LYP 6–31G*: 5.2, PM5: 5.7, PM3: 6.3, HF 6–31G*: 7.4, and AM1: 10.0 kcal mol−1. Several long-standing faults in AM1 and PM3 have been corrected and significant improvements have been made in the prediction of geometries.
Reactions of nuclear-family-reared rhesus macaques to the births of younger siblings.

A group of juvenile rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) living in a nuclear-family laboratory environment was studied to determine their responses to the births of siblings. The frequencies of interactions with family members (mothers, fathers, and new siblings) and nonfamily (peers, unrelated infants, and unrelated adults) were studied over both the year preceding and the year following sibling birth. The frequencies of specific behaviors in each of those interactions and the frequencies of interactions in each area of the nuclear-family unit (home cage, play area, or other families' cage) were also examined. After new siblings arrived, several measures of interactions with mothers, fathers, and new siblings increased significantly; by contrast interactions with peers decreased substantially over the post-birth year. Although the frequency of interactions in home cages remained stable over the 2-year period, interactions outside of the subjects' home cages decreased significantly after siblings were born. An additional subject group whose mothers became pregnant but failed to deliver viable offspring showed no significant changes in total levels of interactions with peers; they did, however, exhibit increases in some interactions with unrelated infants and adults. Female juveniles interacted with new siblings significantly more often than did males when siblings were less than 6 months old, but as siblings grew older (6-12 months), females' levels of interaction with them fell to a level equal to that of males. In the nuclear-family social structure, the birth of a sibling resulted in an increased emphasis on family interactions at the expense of peer interactions.
EMPLOYMENT OUTCOMES OF GERONTOLOGY CERTIFICATE GRADUATES

Students desiring specialized skills and knowledge in working with older adults frequently pursue gerontology certificates. This paper reports the results of a study of gerontology certificate graduates which examined their educational backgrounds, their employment status, the predictive factors which led to aging-related jobs, and their recommendations for improvement to the certificate program. Certificate graduates came from varying educational backgrounds. Most were able to use their gerontology training, usually by being employed in aging-related work or else by utilizing their skills in other professional capacities. Implications for job placement and curriculum development are discussed.
Differential protein expression between normal, early-stage, and late-stage myxomatous mitral valves from dogs.

Valvular heart disease accounts for over 20 000 deaths and 90 000 hospitalizations yearly in the United States. Myxomatous valve disease (MVD) is the most common disease of the mitral valve in humans and dogs. MVD is pathologically identical in these species and its pathogenesis is poorly understood. The objectives of this study were to (i) develop proteomic methodology suitable for analysis of extracellular matrix-rich heart valve tissues and (ii) survey over- and under-expressed proteins that could provide mechanistic clues into the pathogenesis of MVD. Normal, early-stage, and late-stage myxomatous mitral valves from dogs were studied. A shotgun proteomic analysis was used to quantify differential protein expression. Proteins were classified by function and clustered according to differential expression patterns. More than 300 proteins, with 117 of those being differentially expressed, were identified. Hierarchical sample clustering of differential protein profiles showed that early- and late-stage valves were closely related. This finding suggests that proteome changes occur in early degeneration stages and these persist in late stages, characterizing a diseased proteome that is distinct from normal. Shotgun proteome analysis of matrix-rich canine heart valves is feasible, and should be applicable to human heart valves. This study provides a basis for future investigations into the pathogenesis of MVD.
CONTENTdm Digital Collection Management Software and End-User Efficacy

ABSTRACT Digital libraries and collections are a growing facet of today's traditional library. Digital library technologies have become increasingly more sophisticated in the effort to provide more and better access to the collections they contain. The evaluation of the usability of these technologies has not kept pace with technological developments, however, and the end-user has in some cases been left behind. This research study evaluates the usability of digital collections created using the CONTENTdm Digital Collection Management System, a software system used by the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Specifically, this study addresses the following questions: Does CONTENTdm meet users' needs? Is the interface sufficiently intuitive for them to use it? Is the experience of exploring digital collections using CONTENTdm satisfying to users? Employing usability testing techniques with actual-end users, this study attempts to assess the efficacy of the CONTENTdm public interface as well as user...
Mammalian community characteristics on surface mine lands in Pennsylvania

Mammalian communities were studied on 10 surface mines over a four year period. The size and composition of these communities varied among the different areas. The size, composition, and spatial distribution of these mammalian communities were related to the structure of the plant community, and native plant species were of greater importance in determining size and composition of these communities than were those used in reclamation.
Unintentional Pediatric Ophthalmic Tetrahydrozoline Ingestion: Case Files of the Medical Toxicology Fellowship at the University of California, San Francisco

An 18-month-old child was brought to the emergency department (ED) by his mother for evaluation of diarrhea, vomiting, and somnolence. He was lethargic, with “pinpoint” pupils. Blood pressure was 125/77 mmHg, heart rate was 70/min, temperature was 36.5 °C, respiratory rate was 25/min, and pulse oximetry saturation (SpO2) was 99 % on room air. Blood glucose was 101 mg/dL. Other initial laboratory investigation was unremarkable. Ethanol, acetaminophen, and aspirin were below detection limits. Urine drug screening was negative for amphetamine, methamphetamine, MDMA, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, cocaine, methadone, oxycodone, and opiates. Initial ECG done 3 h after ED arrival showed bradycardia with first-degree heart block. There was no response to 1 mg IV naloxone.
WOOD AND STEM ANATOMY OF MISODENDRACEAE: SYSTEMATIC AND ECOLOGICAL CONCLUSIONS

The wood anatomy of the monogeneric South American family of epiparasites, Misodendraceae, contains numerous peculiarities. In the four species of the subgenusAngelopogon the cambium is virtually inactive in ray areas. In three of those species, a second ring of fascicular areas (“bundles”) forms in the pith only well after the initiation of the outer ring. Fibers occur in fascicular areas in paired strands (sheathed by crystalliferous parenchyma), as the background tissue, or may be absent, depending on the species; rays consist wholly of fibers or are composed of thin-walled cells, depending on the species. In the subgenusMisodendron (seven species), the cambium is active in fascicular areas and interfascicular areas equally; it contributes fibers to potential ray areas and to fascicular areas. If occurrence of these fibers is a criterion, the subgenusMisodendron may be considered rayless (except forM. gayanum, in which fibers occur only in rays). Growth rings are present in all species. Vessel elements are extremely short and narrow, numerous per mm2, and pores are markedly grouped; all these are highly xeromorphic features appropriate to a parasite in an extreme climatic zone. In subgenusAngelopogon, lateral wall pitting of vessels consists of laterally much-widened pits, an appearance falsely resembling helical bands of primary xylem vessels. In subgenusMisodendron, pits on vessels are alternate or scalariformlike. The difference in vessel pitting between the two subgenera may relate to wood parenchymatization. Perforation plates are simple. Pits have wide apertures inM. angulatum andM. recurvum. Pith is sclerenchymatous in subgenusMisodendron but composed of thin-walled cells in which vessel strands occur in subgenusAngelopogon. Because of the numerous specific characteristics which correspond to the taxonomic system for the family, a key to species based on wood anatomy is given. New names must be employed for both subgenera for nomenclatural reasons; thus the combinationM. subgenusAngelopogon (=M. subgenusEumyzodendron) is coined. Wood anatomy of Misodendraceae is similar to that ofPsittacanthus and other Loranthaceae, disregarding the unique features found inMisodendron.
Comparison of Food Plant Knowledge Between Urban Vietnamese Living in Vietnam and in Hawai‘i

Ethnographic interviews using photographs of 10 traditional Vietnamese fruits and vegetables were used to compare the knowledge level and use of traditional food plants between Vietnamese in urban Bien Hoa, Vietnam, and in Honolulu, Hawai‘i. In both communities, there was a positive correlation between age and knowledge (as measured by correct identification, and number of food uses for the plants). Vietnamese immigrants in Hawai‘i listed more food uses than those in Vietnam due to adoption of multi ethnic foods found in Honolulu.
A Review of Selected Triassic to Early Cretaceous Ferns

After becoming nearly extinct during the Permian, the ferns began a slow recovery during the Triassic as the climate of the earth moderated. As a result, a considerable number and variety were present and widely distributed during the Jurassic and Early Cretaceous. However, with the rapid expansion of the angiosperms during the Late Cretaceous, the ferns once again became reduced in variety and greatly restricted in distribution. Some of the Mesozoic ferns are rather primitive and obviously are closely related descendants of Paleozoic taxa. Such ferns are assigned mostly to the Marattiaceae, Guaireaceae, Osmundaceae, and Gleicheniaceae. The majority of the Mesozoic ferns, however, are distinctive and appear to have originated during that era. These fossil ferns generally fit into modern orders and families such as the Matoniaceae or the Dipteridaceae. In some cases, it is difficult to clearly distinguish some of the Mesozoic ferns from living genera.
A test for a stationary random process

Abstract A test of whether a random signal is stationary can be made by comparing the actual fluctuations of the signal's mean square to those predicted from the power spectrum, assuming that the signal is stationary.
Power dissipation sources and possible control techniques in ultra deep submicron CMOS technologies

Abstract As technology scales down into the ultra deep-submicron (UDSM) region, the static power dissipations grow exponentially and become an increasingly dominant component of the total power dissipation in CMOS circuits. With increase in gate leakage current resulting from thinner gate oxides in UDSM and the problems associated with short channel effects, leakage power dissipation is becoming a huge factor challenging a continuous success of CMOS technology in the semiconductor industry. With strict limitations of maximum allowable power (the power being limited more by system level cooling and test constraints than packaging) of 2.8 W (in 2005) to 3 W (in 2020) for battery (low cost/handheld) operated devices as projected by the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) 2005, innovations in leakage control and management are urgently needed. This paper presents an overview of the sources of the power dissipation mechanisms in the UDSM technologies, and the device and circuit techniques to control them.
The Rise of a Financial Press: London and Amsterdam, 1681–1810

(1988). The Rise of a Financial Press: London and Amsterdam, 1681–1810. Business History: Vol. 30, No. 2, pp. 163-178.
Cultivating a Culture of Thinking in Museums

AbstractDuring the brief time students come together for a group tour, museum educators have the opportunity to create a culture of thinking: a place where the group's collective as well as individual thinking is valued, made visible, and actively promoted as part of the ongoing experience of all group members. Creating such a culture is facilitated by understanding the dynamic context of group learning and the ways in which groups enculturate students into patterns of thinking. This article describes eight cultural forces found to shape the culture of group learning in classroom settings, applies this framework to tour observations conducted at three different museums, and explores ways that museum educators might best leverage these forces to cultivate a culture of thinking when conducting school group tours.
Treatment with Tyrosine, a Neurotransmitter Precursor, Reduces Environmental Stress in Humans,

Acutely stressful situations can disrupt behavior and deplete brain norepinephrine and dopamine, catecholaminergic neurotransmitters. In animals, administration of tyrosine, a food constituent and precursor of the catecholamines, reduces these behavioral and neurochemical deficits. Using a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover design we investigated whether tyrosine (100 mg/kg) would protect humans from some of the adverse consequences of a 4.5 hour exposure to cold and hypoxia. Tyrosine significantly decreased symptoms, adverse moods, and performance impairments in subjects who exhibited average or greater responses to these environmental conditions. These results suggest that tyrosine should be evaluated in a variety of acutely stressful situations.
The problem of relations in inductive logic

THE concepts of state-descriptions and ranges seem useful means for the definitions of basic concepts both in deductive logic' (e.g., 'L-truth' and 'L-implication') and in inductive logic2 (e.g., 'degree of confirmation'). A state-description is defined as a conjunction or class of basic sentences (i.e., atomic sentences and negations of such) which for every atomic sentence S contains either S or non-S but not both and no other sentences. A state-description is intended to represent a possible state of affairs of the universe of discourse. In order to assure that this purpose is fulfilled, the atomic sentences of the language-system in question must be logically independent of each other. This is called the requirement of logical independence (Logical Foundations of Probability, ? 18B). Now Dr. Yehoshua Bar-Hillel3 has pointed out a peculiar difficulty which arises in connection with this requirement, when the primitive predicates of the language system designate not only properties but also relations. For example, let 'W' be a primitive predicate such that 'Wxy' means 'x is warmer than y.' Since the relation Warmer is asymmetric, the basic sentences 'Wab' and 'Wba' are incompatible, and hence any state-description containing both would not represent a possible case; and, since Warmer is transitive, 'Wab,' 'Wbc,' and 'Wac' are incompatible and any statedescription containing all three would not represent a possible case. Furthermore, since Warmer is irreflexive, the atomic sentence 'Waa' is selfcontradictory and hence should be banned from any description of a possible case. According to customary conceptions, the relation Warmer possesses the structural properties mentioned in virtue of its very meaning and hence with logical necessity; therefore the cases mentioned are logically
Reciprocal changes in corticosterone and testosterone levels following acute and chronic handling stress in the tree lizard, Urosaurus ornatus

To examine the reciprocal interactions among gonadal and adrenal steroid secretion, male tree lizards (Urosaurus ornatus) were subjected to two forms of stress. They were subjected either to the acute stress of being held in collecting bags for up to 4 hr or to the chronic stress of being maintained in individual cages in the laboratory for up to 3 weeks. In both cases, levels in stressed animals were compared to levels in free-living animals as controls. Under both conditions plasma levels of corticosterone increased and plasma levels of testosterone decreased compared to free-living controls. The response to the acute stress was much greater for both hormones than to the chronic stress, although in both cases testosterone levels changed less in response to stress than corticosterone levels. The corticosterone response to acute stress was extremely rapid with levels increasing over six-fold in the first 10 min. Plasma levels of corticosterone and testosterone were negatively correlated among individuals in the chronic stress experiment, but not in the acute stress experiment. This correlational evidence is consistent with the hypothesis of a direct effect of corticosterone levels on testosterone levels and suggests that these may only be expressed under some conditions.
Linking effective listening with salesperson performance: an exploratory investigation

Notes that researchers and practitioners recognize that listening is a crucial basic skill on a par with reading, writing, and speaking. Although effective listening is important in almost every profession, it seems particularly significant in business‐to‐business selling. Effective listening skills assist the salesperson in adapting to the prospect and to different sales situations. Successful application of these skills contributes to the added value of the personal selling exchange. Presents an initial attempt to explore the relationship between effective listening, adaptive selling behaviors and salesperson performance. In the past, very little has been done to measure the construct of effective salesperson listening and correlate it with key dimensions (adaptive selling and sales performance). Hopes to contribute to discovering a means of measuring the listening phenomena in a sales environment. The subjects for the study were salespeople representing a Fortune 100 international electronics manufacturer. The subjects were participating in a company‐sponsored training program at the time of the survey. Results of the study indicate support for a positive relationship between effective listening and adaptive selling, performance and job satisfaction.
Humoral and cell membrane-associated lectins from invertebrates and lower chordates: specificity, molecular characterization and their structural relationships with putative recognition molecules from vertebrates

Based on their carbohydrate-binding properties and their ubiquitous presence in pro- and eukaryotes, recognition functions have been hypothesized for many humoral and tissue lectins. In this review three main topics relevant to the possible biological roles and evolution of invertebrate and chordate lectins are discussed. They include the broad carbohydrate-binding spectrum of lectins from chelicerata, the distribution and specificity of cell membrane-associated lectins in mollusks and the serological and biochemical characterization of lectins from tunicates and their structural relationships with putative non-self recognition molecules from vertebrates.
Nitric oxide synthase activity is elevated in inflammatory lung disease in humans

Abstract We have characterised nitric oxide (NO) synthase activity in lung samples from patients with inflammatory lung disease compared to that in normal donor lung. NO synthase activity was measured by the ability of tissue homogenates to convert l -arginine to l -citrulline. Higher levels of NO synthase activity were found in samples from patients with inflammatory lung disease (mild asthma, cystic fibrosis, obliterative bronchiolitis after lung transplantation) compared to samples from healthy donors. NO synthase activity in all samples was mainly dependent on the presence of extracellular Ca 2+ . The increased NO synthase activity in diseased-lung samples suggests a modulatory role for nitric oxide in lung inflammation.
Organic Reef Alignments on the Continental Margin South of Cape Hatteras

Continuous seismic and echo-sounding profiles across the shelf, Florida-Hatteras Slope, and the Blake Plateau reveal the presence of four calcareous ridge systems. The two western-most of these are described in this report; one is buried beneath the Florida-Hatteras Slope, and the other is atop the shelf near the shelf-break. Both ridge systems appear to parallel the slope. The ridge beneath the slope consists of deep-water corals blanketed by as much as 100 m of sediment. The ridge on the shelf is less than 10 m high and was formed in part by calcareous algae. Both ridges are probably of Pleistocene age; the one beneath the slope is early or middle Pleistocene, and the shelf ridge is late Pleistocene.
Early-adult correlates of maltreatment in girls with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: increased risk for internalizing symptoms and suicidality

We examined whether maltreatment experienced in childhood and/or adolescence prospectively predicts young adult functioning in a diverse and well-characterized sample of females with childhood-diagnosed attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (N = 140). Participants were part of a longitudinal study and carefully evaluated in childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood (M age = 9.6, 14.3, and 19.7 years, respectively), with high retention rates across time. A thorough review of multisource data reliably established maltreatment status for each participant (M κ = 0.78). Thirty-two (22.9%) participants experienced at least one maltreatment type (physical abuse, sexual abuse, or neglect). Criterion variables included a broad array of young adult measures of functioning gleaned from multiple-source, multiple-informant instruments. With stringent statistical control of demographic, prenatal, and family status characteristics as well as baseline levels of the criterion variable in question, maltreated participants were significantly more impaired than nonmaltreated participants with respect to self-harm (suicide attempts), internalizing symptomatology (anxiety and depression), eating disorder symptomatology, and well-being (lower overall self-worth). Effect sizes were medium. Comprising the first longitudinal evidence linking maltreatment with key young adult life impairments among a carefully diagnosed and followed sample of females with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, these findings underscore the clinical importance of trauma experiences within this population.
A Combinatorial and Informatics Approach to CdS Nanoclusters

the ability to synthesize particles of a spe-cific size holds the promise of tunable photoresponsive mate-rials in which the photoredox characteristics are convenientlymatched to available sources. In order to fashion these materi-als, methods must be developed to control not only the sizeand composition of the nanocluster components but alsoachieve control over the interfaces and distribution of the re-sulting nanocomponents. While there have been tremendousadvances in the stabilization of CdS nanoclusters through theuse of synthetic polymers and films, peptides and proteins, mi-celles, monolayers, bilayer membranes, zeolites, deoxyribonu-cleic acid (DNA), and dendrimers,
Role of Inn1 and its interactions with Hof1 and Cyk3 in promoting cleavage furrow and septum formation in S. cerevisiae

Cytokinesis requires coordination of actomyosin ring (AMR) contraction with rearrangements of the plasma membrane and extracellular matrix. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, new membrane, the chitin synthase Chs2 (which forms the primary septum [PS]), and the protein Inn1 are all delivered to the division site upon mitotic exit even when the AMR is absent. Inn1 is essential for PS formation but not for Chs2 localization. The Inn1 C-terminal region is necessary for localization, and distinct PXXP motifs in this region mediate functionally important interactions with SH3 domains in the cytokinesis proteins Hof1 (an F-BAR protein) and Cyk3 (whose overexpression can restore PS formation in inn1Δ cells). The Inn1 N terminus resembles C2 domains but does not appear to bind phospholipids; nonetheless, when overexpressed or fused to Hof1, it can provide Inn1 function even in the absence of the AMR. Thus, Inn1 and Cyk3 appear to cooperate in activating Chs2 for PS formation, which allows coordination of AMR contraction with ingression of the cleavage furrow.
AGE AS A FACTOR IN THE RESISTANCE OF THE ALBINO RAT TO THYROXINE, WITH FURTHER OBSERVATIONS ON THE CREATINE CONTENT OF TISSUES IN EXPERIMENTAL HYPERTHYROIDISM

Loss of weight is a well recognized effect of thyroid feeding, especially in mature animals. In the young the results have been somewhat at variance, definite acceleration to marked retardation of growth and even loss of weight having been reported by different investigators (1–7). This is not surprising in view of the various kinds of thyroid preparation that have been used, the discrepancy in dosage and other divergent experimental conditions. Considered in the light of present knowledge, the diet was probably inadequate in certain of the earlier studies. Of particular interest is the work of Cameron and Carmichael (7). These investigators adjusted the daily dose of thyroid to a fixed proportion of the body weight and found that growth was somewhat depressed as the result of the continued administration of desiccated thyroid in amounts as small as 1:20,000. When the dose was increased to 1 part per 5000 parts of body weight retardation was much more pronounced, amounting in some cases to complete cessat...
Do women's leadership approaches support the development of social capital? Relationship building in a voluntary neighbourhood initiative.

Abstract This instrumental case study explores women's role in efforts to restore a liveable balance within a southern Ontario downtown neighbourhood, between 1989 and 1995. The nature of women's experiences and their ways of work was the embedded analytical feature of the case. Negatively impacted by the presence of crack houses and prostitution, the women who lived in the neighbourhood took leadership in ensuring their immediate environment was more liveable. The study participants included women active in the initiative, residents from the neighbourhood, municipal officials, and various police officers. Strategies used by women in this neighbourhood change initiative included: developing relationships and networks, mobilizing community residents to action, and implementing recreation and safety programmes. The study found values and relationship building were core elements to the women's volunteer leadership approaches, resulting in community building among residents and civic engagement within their n...
Renal cytochrome P450-related arachidonate metabolite inhibits (Na + + K + )ATPase

The function of the nephron, the anatomical unit of the kidney, is segmented; at least 12 segments have been identified that differ in their morphology, transport properties and hormonal responsiveness. The medullary portion of the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle (mTALH) has one of the highest concentrations of (Na+ + K+)ATPase found in mammalian tissues, reflecting the importance of this nephron segment in the regulation of extracellular fluid volume, as active sodium transport is driven by (Na+ + K+)ATPase. Here, in cells derived primarily from the mTALH of the outer medulla of rabbit kidney, we have identified a cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase system which metabolizes arachidonic acid to two biologically active oxygenated products; one of the products inhibits (Na+ + K+)ATPase and the other relaxes blood vessels. We report that formation of these oxygenated arachidonate metabolites is stimulated by arginine vasopressin (AVP) and salmon calcitonin (SCT).
In vitro metabolism of triiodothyronine.

Previous studies have shown that rat kidney slices contain an enzyme which deiodinates thyroxine to yield triiodothyronine. Further, a soluble enzyme has been obtained from sonically disintegrated rat kidney mitochondria which converts thyroxine and triiodothyronine to the corresponding acetic acid analogues. In the present study the metabolism of I131-labelled triiodothyronine by intact and solubilized mitochondria of rat kidney,liver, heart and brain and by homogenates of spleen and intestine was examined. With the intact mitochondrial enzyme system two types of reactions were observed. Deiodination of triiodothyronine occurred most actively in kidney, liver, heart, spleen and brain. Intestine showed very little deiodination. The second reaction involved the conversion of triiodothyronine to triiodothyroacctic acid. This was observed chiefly in kidney, although a small peak of triiodothyroacetic acid radioactivity was regularly observed with liver. Sonic disruption of the mitochondria resulted in loss o...
Impact of C-reactive protein on treatment of patients with cardiovascular disease

Purpose. The impact of C-reactive protein (CRP) on the treatment of patients with cardiovascular disease is described. Summary. CRP is a marker of coronary heart disease and other disease states. Its release from the liver activates endothelial dysfunction and contributes to atherothrombosis. In healthy persons, CRP was found to be an independent risk marker for cardiovascular disease when compared with low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. In 2003, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Heart Association published a statement regarding CRP’s use in clinical practice and public health. In a primary prevention study, statins were shown to reduce CRP, and patients with a low concentration of LDL cholesterol and high CRP may benefit from statin therapy. The results of a secondary prevention study confirmed that CRP reduction was not related to the lipid-lowering effects of the statins and that pravastatin reduced coronary events regardless of inflammation status designated by the CRP value. Another study demonstrated that intensive pharmacotherapy was more effective than moderate therapy in reducing CRP, but it found no difference in clinical outcomes among statin regimens once the goal CRP value was attained. In atheroma ultrasound studies, a reduced CRP level was related to reductions in atheroma volume regardless of the statin regimen used. Conclusion. The correct use of CRP in pharmacotherapeutic monitoring of statins has not been fully elucidated. Until more data regarding CRP and statin use are available, pharmacists must continue to focus on risk factors other than CRP, such as cholesterol levels, medical history, social history, and lifestyle characteristics, when making clinical decisions regarding statin therapy.
Replication of Tobacco Mosaic Virus on Endoplasmic Reticulum and Role of the Cytoskeleton and Virus Movement Protein in Intracellular Distribution of Viral RNA

Little is known about the mechanisms of intracellular targeting of viral nucleic acids within infected cells. We used in situ hybridization to visualize the distribution of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) viral RNA (vRNA) in infected tobacco protoplasts. Immunostaining of the ER lumenal binding protein (BiP) concurrent with in situ hybridization revealed that vRNA colocalized with the ER, including perinuclear ER. At midstages of infection, vRNA accumulated in large irregular bodies associated with cytoplasmic filaments while at late stages, vRNA was dispersed throughout the cytoplasm and was associated with hair-like protrusions from the plasma membrane containing ER. TMV movement protein (MP) and replicase colocalized with vRNA, suggesting that viral replication and translation occur in the same subcellular sites. Immunostaining with tubulin provided evidence of colocalization of vRNA with microtubules, while disruption of the cytoskeleton with pharmacological agents produced severe changes in vRNA localization. Mutants of TMV lacking functional MP accumulated vRNA, but the distribution of vRNA was different from that observed in wild-type infection. MP was not required for association of vRNA with perinuclear ER, but was required for the formation of the large irregular bodies and association of vRNA with the hair-like protrusions.
CAPSULE: AN INNOVATIVE CAPSTONE-BASED PEDAGOGICAL APPROACH TO ENGAGE HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN STEM LEARNING

School children in general and high school students, in particular more often than not lose interest in STEM (science, technology, engineering, and math) education. Underrepresented and female students are even more discouraged by STEM courses. Our investigation and interviews with high school teachers cite that the main reason for such disinterest is the disconnect between school and reality. Students cannot relate the abstract concepts they learn in physics, biology, chemistry, or math to their surroundings. This paper discusses a new capstone project-based approach that closes this gap. This work is an outcome of an NSF funded project called CAPSULE (Capstone Unique Learning Experience). We use the top-down pedagogical approach instead of the traditional bottom-up approach. The top-down approach relates the abstract concepts to exciting open-ended capstone projects where students are engaged in designing solutions, like products to solve open-ended problems. This top-down approach is modeled after the college-level capstone design courses. The paper presents the model, its details, and implementation. It also presents the formative and summative evaluation of the model after deploying it in the Boston Public Schools, a system heavily populated by the targeted student groups.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Automatic Fatigue Monitoring Based on Real Loads and Consideration of EAF: Live Demonstration

The fatigue assessment of power plant components based on local fatigue monitoring approaches is an essential part of the integrity concept and modern lifetime management. An integral approach like the AREVA Fatigue Concept (AFC) basically consists of two essential modules: realistic determination of occurring operational thermal loads by means of a high end fatigue monitoring system and related highly qualified fatigue assessment methods and tools. The fatigue monitoring system delivers continuously realistic load data at the fatigue relevant locations. Consequently, realistic operational load sequences are available as input data for all ensuing fatigue analyses. This way, realistic load data are available and qualified fatigue usage factors can be determined.The mode of operation of the fatigue monitoring system will be explained in the framework of a live demonstration by means of the FAMOSi (i = integrated) demonstration wall. The workflow starts with the continuous online measurement of outer wall temperatures transients on a pipe. Visualization is implemented within the FAMOSi viewer software. In a second step, inner wall temperatures are directly calculated. In a third step, the resulting linearly elastic stress history will be calculated as the basis for subsequent code conforming fatigue assessment.Subsequently, the related advanced fatigue assessment methods of the three staged AFC-approach are addressed.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
More than a Field Trip: Science Programmes for Elementary School Groups at Museums.

Science learning in non‐school settings is receiving increased attention both in practice and in the research literature. Schools increasingly turn to museums, zoos, aquaria and other science centres for assistance in educating students and these institutions are questioning how to make their exhibits and educational programmes more effective. The Program Evaluation and Research Group at Lesley College (PERG) has evaluated informal, non‐school science programmes for school‐age children for the past 15 years. In this paper we review our work, compare our findings with other published literature about elementary school programmes in extra‐school science institutions, and discuss issues that apply to all such programmes from the perspective of these institutions. * The authors wish to thank Emily Romney and the members of the Museum Research Group at Lesley College especially Sue Cohen, Linda Snow Dockser, Candace Heald and Judith Kelley for their thoughtful comments on this article
Architectures, abstractions, and algorithms for large teams of robots

Networked robots represent the convergence of robotics, sensor networks and mobile ad-hoc networks, with many applications and a growing market projected to be $200B in 2013. This talk will focus on some fundamental problems and practical issues underlying the deployment of large numbers of autonomously functioning robots. The central problem is the so-called inverse problem of deriving individual robot behaviors for a desired group behavior. There are numerous examples of group behavior in biology which suggest that analysis of swarming behaviors in biology may provide insight for the synthesis of collective behaviors for engineered systems. The author presents a methodology for modeling and analyzing such collective behaviors and discuss architectures, abstractions and algorithms for the control of large networks of robots.
Boron geochemistry of the Central American Volcanic Arc: Constraints on the genesis of subduction-related magmas

Boron contents were measured in representative Quaternary lavas from the Central American Volcanic Arc to evaluate along-strike variations in subduction processes. Despite the significant range in B concentrations (~2–37 ppm) in the mafic lavas, B/La ratios vary in a systematic fashion along the arc; higher values (> 1) are typical between Guatemala and northern Costa Rica, whereas low values (most <0.5) typify central Costa Rica and western Panama. B/La is highly correlated with 10Be/9Be (r2 = 0.94, excluding one sample) and appears to be a useful indicator of subduction contributions to the magma sources. If enrichments of both B and 10Be are proportional to the flux of subducted sediment, along-strike variations in B/La suggest at least a twofold variation in this flux with maximum values below western Nicaragua and minimum values below Costa Rica and western Panama where the Cocos Ridge is being subducted. These data may also reflect significant differences in thermal state of the descending slab, which in turn differentially affects release patterns of fluids and fluid-mobile trace elements, and possibly melting processes beneath different parts of the arc. The following scenario is suggested to explain the geochemical results. Beneath the northwestern part of the arc steep subduction of older, relatively cold slab favors more efficient subduction of fluid components to depths beneath the volcanic front. The released fluids carry fluid-mobile elements to the overlying mantle, which upon melting produces calcalkalic magmas. Shallow subduction of warmer slab beneath the southeastern part of the arc favors shallow release of fluids and limits fluid-related metasomatism of sub-arc mantle beneath the volcanic front. Under such conditions, B/La and Ba/La ratios in the sub-arc mantle vary little from values seen in oceanic island basalts. Magmas in this part of the arc nevertheless display the highest La/Yb and lowest Ba/La and B/La ratios, which are consistent with prior light rare-earth-element enrichment in the source, significantly lower degrees of melting, or a combination thereof. Because some of the largest volcanoes occur in Costa Rica, and magma flux there is nearly an order of magnitude higher than elsewhere in the arc, source enrichment is considered to be the more plausible explanation. It is proposed that Quaternary magma production below Costa Rica involved lithospheric sources containing trapped or stored melt components, but this enrichment process is unlikely to have involved typical arc magmas or subduction fluids because we see no B-enrichment.
Increased K+ efflux and apoptosis induced by the potassium channel modulatory protein KChAP/PIAS3β in prostate cancer cells

K(+) channel-associated protein/protein inhibitor of activated STAT (KChAP/PIAS3beta) is a potassium (K(+)) channel modulatory protein that boosts protein expression of a subset of K(+) channels and increases currents without affecting gating. Since increased K(+) efflux is an early event in apoptosis, we speculated that KChAP might induce apoptosis through its up-regulation of K(+) channel expression. KChAP belongs to the protein inhibitor of activated STAT family, members of which also interact with a variety of transcription factors including the proapoptotic protein, p53. Here we report that KChAP induces apoptosis in the prostate cancer cell line, LNCaP, which expresses both K(+) currents and wild-type p53. Infection with a recombinant adenovirus encoding KChAP (Ad/KChAP) increases K(+) efflux and reduces cell size as expected for an apoptotic volume decrease. The apoptosis inducer, staurosporine, increases endogenous KChAP levels, and LNCaP cells, 2 days after Ad/KChAP infection, show increased sensitivity to staurosporine. KChAP increases p53 levels and stimulates phosphorylation of p53 residue serine 15. Consistent with activation of p53 as a transcription factor, p21 levels are increased in infected cells. Wild-type p53 is not essential for induction of apoptosis by KChAP, however, since KChAP also induces apoptosis in DU145 cells, a prostate cancer cell line with mutant p53. Consistent with its proapoptotic properties, KChAP prevents growth of DU145 and LNCaP tumor xenografts in nude mice, indicating that infection with Ad/KChAP might represent a novel method of cancer treatment.