cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Late Pliocene to Pleistocene sensitivity of the Greenland Ice Sheet in response to external forcing and internal feedbacks

The timing and nature of ice sheet variations on Greenland over the last ∼5 million years remain largely uncertain. Here, we use a coupled climate-vegetation-ice sheet model to determine the climatic sensitivity of Greenland to combined sets of external forcings and internal feedbacks operating on glacial-interglacial timescales. In particular, we assess the role of atmospheric pCO2, orbital forcing, and vegetation dynamics in modifying thresholds for the onset of glaciation in late Pliocene and Pleistocene. The response of circum-Arctic vegetation to declining levels of pCO2 (from 400 to 200 ppmv) and decreasing summer insolation includes a shift from boreal forest to tundra biomes, with implications for the surface energy balance. The expansion of tundra amplifies summer surface cooling and heat loss from the ground, leading to an expanded summer snow cover over Greenland. Atmospheric and land surface fields respond to forcing most prominently in late spring-summer and are more sensitive at lower Pleistocene-like levels of pCO2. We find cold boreal summer orbits produce favorable conditions for ice sheet growth, however simulated ice sheet extents are highly dependent on both background pCO2 levels and land-surface characteristics. As a result, late Pliocene ice sheet configurations on Greenland differ considerably from late Pleistocene, with smaller ice caps on high elevations of southern and eastern Greenland, even when orbital forcing is favorable for ice sheet growth.
Ooh-rah! An unusual cause of spontaneous pneumomediastinum.

ABSTRACTSpontaneous pneumomediastinum (SPM) with associated subcutaneous emphysema is an uncommon and generally benign condition. We describe an occurrence of SPM that occurred from yelling in a U.S. Marine Corps Drill Instructor. The patient describes yelling at Marine recruits the day prior when he felt a pop “behind his nose.” Upon arrival to the Emergency Department, the patient was normotensive, afebrile, and maintaining an oxygen saturation of 100% on room air. Chest films demonstrated pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema. A computed tomography scan of the head, neck, and chest showed pneumomediastinum and air tracking along the trachea, great vessels, and esophagus with subcutaneous emphysema and without pneumothorax or esophageal injury. The patient was admitted to internal medicine and discharged after 24 hours of observation with improved pain and decreased subcutaneous air. Pneumomediastinum is commonly associated with blunt and penetrating trauma, infection, and esophageal rupture. Lif...
An Interaction-Transaction Perspective on the Perception of Control within Select Life Situations

Utilizing an interaction-transaction perspective on perceived control within six life situations, a multivariate cohort study investigated patterns of interaction associated with 90 individuals representing different periods along the adult life course: adolescence, adulthood and retired adulthood. Two global hypothesized patterns were tested: (a) a pattern due to the individuals’ social age status regardless of situation; (b) a pattern due to the situation regardless of social age status. The results indicate neither hypothesis adequately portrays the complex interplay of life situations, social age status and sex status. The results are discussed in terms of the individuals’ differing transactional relations with the larger culture, sex status differences operating in conjunction with social age status differences, cultural change and cohort differences.
Experiences with the Webware, interfaces and networking experimental laboratory

This paper describes our experiences with the Webware, Interfaces and Networking Experimental (WINE) Laboratory. The WINE Lab was created to assist in teaching the topics of computer networks, user interfaces and webware. The goal of the lab is to provide students the opportunity to complete projects, experiment with relevant techniques and make connections between topics with resources not available in a general purpose Unix-based computing environment. The results from offering courses with the lab show success in meeting these goals.
Ovarian Steroid Action on Tryptophan Hydroxylase Protein and Serotonin Compared to Localization of Ovarian Steroid Receptors in Midbrain of Guinea Pigs

The effect of estrogen (E) and progesterone (P) on the protein expression of the rate-limiting enzyme in serotonin synthesis, tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH), and the level of serotonin, in the hypothalamic terminal field was examined in guinea pigs. In addition, we questioned whether serotonin neurons of guinea pigs contain ovarian steroid receptors (estrogen receptor-α[ERα], estrogen receptor β[ERβ], progestin, receptors [PRs]) that could directly mediate, the actions of E or P. Western blot and densitometric analysis for TPH were used on raphe extracts from untreated-ovariectomized (OVX), OVX-E-treated (28d), and OVX-E+P-treated (14 d E+ 14 d E+P), guinea pigs. The medial basal hypothalami from the same animals were extracted and subjected to high-performance liquid chromatography analysis for serotonin, dopamine, 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid, and homovanillic acid. The brains from other aminals treated in an identical manner were perfusion fixed and examined for the colocalization of ERα plus serotonin and PR plus serotonin with double immunohistochemistry or for expression of ERβ mRNA with in situ hybridization. E and E+P treatment significantly increased TPH protein levels compared to the untreated control group (p<0.05), but TPH levels were similar in the E and E+P-treated groups. By contrast, serotonin (nanogram/milligram of protein) in the hypothalamus was significantly increased by E+P treatment, but not by E alone. Neither ERα nor PR proteins were detected within serotonin neurons of the guinea pig raphe nucleus. However, ERβ mRNA was expressed in the dorsal raphe. In summary, E alone increased TPH protein expression and the addition of P had no further effect, whereas E+P increased, hypothalamic serotonin and E alone had no effect. The localization of ERβ, but not ERα or PR, in the dorsal raphe nucleus suggests that E acting via ERβ within serotonin neurons increases expression of TPH, but that P acting via other neurons and transsynaptic stimulation may effect changes in TPH enzymatic activity, which in turn, would lead to an increase in serotonin synthesis.
A Study of Wire-Deploying Devices Designed to Trigger Lightning

Development and characteristics of device for deployment of long wires as method of reducing hazards due to lightning during spacecraft launches
Adjudication on JCT 81 contracts

The purpose of the article is to highlight for adjudicators key issues arising under the JCT 81 standard form of building contract which need to be understood in order to reach adjudicator’s decisions. It discusses the responsibility for design and the certifying and valuing functions of the contract administrator and quantity surveyor under JCT 80 and compares them with the way they are dealt with in JCT 81. The employer’s requirements, the contractor’s proposals and the contract sum analysis together with the role of the employer’s agent in JCT 81 are explained. The article concludes with advice to adjudicators and comments on the apparent reduction of disputes under JCT 81.
Student-Generated Cases as a Transformation Tool:

This article describes the student-generated case as a form of active and reflective learning that overcomes some limitations of traditional analysis and group discussion of written cases. The student-generated case is a learning method that involves a description of an experience-based situation, analysis of the situation and the self, theoretical connections to experience, generation of alternatives, development of an action plan, and individual reflection. The method has various benefits, including moving the focus of learning onto the student, bridging the gap between theory and practice, improving writing and analytical skills, promoting lifelong learning, addressing the weaknesses of the traditional case analysis in the implementation of alternatives and reflection on one’s perceptions and behaviors, and enhancing teacher-student partnership in the learning process.
Effects of Acute Hypoxia and Exercise on the Pulmonary Circulation

The effects of acute hypoxia, of graded exercise, or both, on the pulmonary circulation were studied in 17 normal subjects. In 3 of these subjects, and in 3 patients with restricted vascular beds, the effects of these stimuli were compared during successive test periods. In 7 normal subjects, moderate exercise, associated with an increase in cardiac output of approximately 25 per cent, resulted in an average rise in pulmonary arterial mean pressure of 3 mm.Hg. More strenuous exercise in the same subjects, associated with a further increase in cardiac output of approximately 25 per cent, did not elicit further increment in pulmonary arterial mean pressure. In contrast, 10 subjects with normal pulmonary circulations, who responded to acute hypoxia with an average reduction of arterial oxygen saturation of 17 per cent, manifested an average increase in cardiac output of 5 per cent and an average rise in mean pulmonary arterial pressure of 4 mm.Hg. The critical level of arterial blood oxygen saturation for a ...
Hemiconvulsion-Hemiplegia-Epilepsy syndrome associated with inflammatory-degenerative hystopathological findings in child with congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

Abstract Hemiconvulsion–Hemiplegia (HH) syndrome represents an uncommon consequence of prolonged unilateral clonic or hemiconvulsive status epilepticus in childhood, usually occurring during a febrile illness, followed by ipsilateral hemiplegia. The subsequent appearance of focal seizures configures the so called Hemiconvulsion–Hemiplegia–Epilepsy (HHE) syndrome. The pathogenesis of HH/HHE syndrome is still unclear. We describe the case of a 4 year-old girl with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) whom developed HH/HHE syndrome with drug resistant seizures at the age of 21 months and underwent left cerebral hemispherotomy at the age of 3 years and 6 months. Histopathological findings showed the presence of an underlying inflammatory-degenerative process. Disregulation of the inflammatory cascade has been proposed as one of the possible pathogenetic mechanisms underlying HH/HHE syndrome. To our knowledge however, this is the first report of an association with a histologically documented inflammatory process. The clinical and histopathological findings of our reported case lend support to the possible role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of HH/HHE syndrome.
The future of urbanization in Latin America

Urbanization in Latin America is an irreversible process. Previously dispersed population is being reassembled in a limited number of urban centers, leading to fundamental changes in the ecological structure of the continent. Some countries, such as Chile, Argentina, Uruguay, Cuba and, more recently, Venezuela, have already passed through their urban revolutions and are now working out the multiple consequences of this historical process. Other countries, among them E1 Salvador and Bolivia, have not yet experienced the full violence implicit in the uprooting of rural populations and their resettlement in cities. Still other countries-Brazil, Mexico, Peruare even now undergoing the trauma of accelerated urbanization (Wingo, Jr., 1967).
Anemia Causes Hypoglycemia in Intensive Care Unit Patients Due to Error in Single-Channel Glucometers: Methods of Reducing Patient Risk

Abstract : Objective: Intensive insulin therapy in the critically ill reduces mortality but carries the risk of increased hypoglycemia. Point- of-care blood glucose analysis is standard; however, anemia causes falsely high values and potentially masks hypoglycemia. Permissive anemia is practiced routinely in most intensive care units. We hypothesized that point-of-care glucometer error due to anemia is prevalent, can be corrected mathematically, and cor- rection uncovers occult hypoglycemia during intensive insulin therapy. Design: The study has both retrospective and prospective phases. We reviewed data to verify the presence of systematic error, determine the source of error, and establish the prevalence of anemia. We confirmed our findings by reproducing the error in an in vitro model. Prospective data were used to develop a correction formula validated by the Monte Carlo method. Correc- tion was implemented in a burn intensive care unit and results were evaluated after 9 mos. Setting: Burn and trauma intensive care units at a single research institution. Patients/Subjects: Samples for in vitro studies were taken from healthy volunteers. Samples for formula development were from critically ill patients who received intensive insulin therapy. Interventions: Insulin doses were calculated based on predicted serum glucose values from corrected point-of-care glu- cometer measurements. Measurements and Main Results: Time-matched point-of-care glucose, laboratory glucose, and hematocrit values. We previously found that anemia (hematocrit less than 34%) produces systematic error in glucometer measurements. The error was correctible with a mathematical formula developed and validated, using prospectively collected data. Error of uncorrected point-of-care glucose ranged from 19% to 29% ( p less than .001), improving to less than 5% after mathematical correction of prospective data.
Local Effects of Synthetic Leukotrienes (LTC4, LTD4, and LTB4) in Human Skin

The local effects of intracutaneous injections into humans of 1–3 mans of five products of arachidonic acid metabolism, leukotrienes (LT) C 4 , D 4 , E 4 , and 8 4 from the 5-lipoxygenase pathways and prostaglandin (PG) D 2 from the cyclooxygenase pathway, were assessed clinically and histologically. In equimolar concentrations, LTC 4 , LTD 4 , and LTE 4 elicited erythema and wheal formation, in which a wheal with central pallor was present up to 2 hr, and the erythema persisted as long as 6 hr. PGD 2 elicited a wheal that lasted up to 1 hr and erythema that lasted up to 2 hr. The dermal vascular sites affected by LTD 4 and PGD 2 included capillaries, superficial and deep venules, and arterioles, LTB 4 elicited a transient wheal and flare, followed in 3–4 hr by induration that was characterized by a dermal infiltrate comprised predominantly of neutrophils. The combination of LTB 4 and PGD 2 elicited tenderness and increased induration associated with a more intense neutrophil infiltration. Thus, the products of the 5-lipoxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism in nanomole amounts can induce cutaneous vasodilation with edema formation and a neutrophil infiltrate, and these responses are enhanced by a cyclooxygenase pathway product, PGD 2 .
Interhemispheric transfer of a discrimination of moving patterns in pigeon

Summary This study determined whether the interhemispheric mirror image reversal phenomenon previously observed following monocular discrimination training using stationary patterns also occurs with the interhemipheric transfer of information concerning direction of movement. Pigeons were monocularly trained on two problems requiring the discrimination of direction of movement of striped patterns:i.e. left (S+) from right (S−) and up (S+) from down (S−). Following training, pigeons were tested under identical conditions for retention of the problem using only the ‘trained’ eye and for interhemispheric transfer using only the ‘untrained’ eye. Pigeons learned each problem to a comparable degree of accuracy. Performance on the up-down movement problems with the ‘untrained’ eye open indicated veridical interhemispheric transfer. These data are consistent with previous obervations obtained with stationary up-down mirror image patterns. Performance on the left-right movement problems with the ‘untrained’ eye open indicate either confusion or interhemispheric reversal of left-right direction. These data parallel previous observations of interhemispheric reversal of stationary left-right mirror image patterns.
Determination of Energy Change Associated with Dissolution of a Solid

The dissolution of a solid immersed in a solvent was considered as a consecutive process, consisting of a primary surface interaction leading to the production of a new surface at the solid-liquid interface, solvation of the solid at the interface, and transfer of the solvated solid into the bulk of the solution. The energy changes involved in each step were studied for the dissolution of m-tolylacetamide in hexane and heptane. An energy diagram was constructed according to the proposed dissolution mechanism. The heats of dissolution determined from the energy diagram agreed well with those obtained experimentally.
Sr++ uptake by bean mitochondria*

Isolated bean mitochondria were shown to accumulate up to 400 namoles Sr++/mg p. The uptake was supported by a number of substrates and was dependent on isolation of tightly coupled mitochondria. The results indicate that plant mitochondria can accumulate significant amounts of Sr++ and this may influence its mobility in plant tissue.
Metric bounds on losses in adaptive coding

Abstract A noiseless-channel coding system in which the source probabilities change continuously in time is introduced. Using a geometry defined by the second derivative matrix of the information-theoretic entropy function, a bound on the number of excess channel symbols (the redundancy) sent by a retrospective encoder during a fixed time interval is derived. Results on minimal-cost coding and their implications for a real-time coding algorithm are then explored. Underlying most of the discussion here is the assumption made on the separability of the time scales corresponding to the (high) character rate as compared with the rate of change of the source probabilities.
The Antiactivator TraM Interferes with the Autoinducer-dependent Binding of TraR to DNA by Interacting with the C-terminal Region of the Quorum-sensing Activator

Conjugal transfer of Agrobacterium tumefaciens Ti plasmids is regulated by quorum sensing via the transcriptional activator TraR and the acyl-homoserine lactone Agrobacterium autoinducer (AAI). Unique to this system, the activity of TraR is negatively modulated by an antiactivator called TraM. Analyses from yeast two-hybrid studies suggest that TraM directly interacts with the activator, but the conditions under which these components interact and the region of TraR responsible for this interaction are not known. Induction of traM in a strain in which TraR was activating transcription of a reporter system led to rapid cessation of gene expression. As assessed by a genetic assay that measures AAI-dependent DNA binding, TraM inhibited TraR function before and after the transcription factor had bound to its DNA recognition site. Consistent with this observation, in gel retardation assays, purified TraM abolished the DNA binding activity of TraR in a concentration-dependent manner. Such inhibition occurred independent of the order of addition of the reactants. As assessed by far Western analyses TraM interacts with TraR by directly binding the activator. TraM in its native form interacted with native TraR and also with heat-treated TraR but only when SDS was included with the denatured protein. TraM interacted with TraR on blots prepared with total lysates of cells grown in the presence and absence of AAI. Far Western analysis of N- and C-terminal deletion mutants localized a domain of TraR contributing to TraM binding to the C-terminal portion of the activator protein. Random mutagenesis by hydroxylamine treatment and error-prone polymerase chain reaction identified several residues in this region of TraR important for interacting with TraM as well as for transcriptional activation or/and DNA binding. We conclude that TraM inhibits TraR by binding to the activator at a domain within or close to the helix-turn-helix motif located at the C terminus of the protein.
Soil-Gas Contamination and Entry of Volatile Organic Compounds into a House Near a Landfill

Toxic volatile organic compounds (VOC) are commonly found in landfills, including those accepting only municipal waste. These VOC can migrate away from the site through the soil and result in contaminated off-site soil gas. This contaminated soil gas can enter houses built near landfills and is a potential source of human exposure to VOC. This study investigated soil-gas contamination and the mechanisms of entry of VOC into a house with a basement sited adjacent to a municipal landfill. The VOC were identified and quantified in the soil gas and in indoor and outdoor air. Pressure coupling between the basement and the surrounding soil was measured. Using soil-gas tracers, the pressure-driven advective entry of soil gas was quantified as a function of basement depressurization. From the measurements, estimates were made for the diffusive and advective entry rates of VOC into the house. A comparison of the chlorinated hydrocarbons found in soil gas at the site and in the landfill suggests that the landfill i...
Comparisons of microwave performance between single-gate and dual-gate MODFETs

Both a 1.2- mu m and a 0.3- mu m gate length, n/sup +/-GaAs/InGa/n/sup +/-AlGaAs double-heterojunction MODFET have been fabricated with single-gate and dual-gate control electrodes. Extrinsic DC transconductance of 500 mS/mm has been achieved from a 0.3- mu m single-gate MODFET. The device also has a current gain cutoff frequency f/sub T/ of 43 GHz and 14-dB maximum stable gain at 26 GHz with the stability factor k as low as 0.6 from the microwave S-parameter measurements. At low-frequency dual-gate MODFETs demonstrate higher gain than the single-gate MODFETs. However, the k of dual-gate MODFETs approaches unity at a faster rate. Power gain roll-off slopes of 3-, 6-, and 12-dB/octave have been observed for the dual-gate MODFETs. >
Management of Sinusitis in the Asthmatic Patient

Objective To describe pathophysiologic links between sinusitis and asthma; to identify means of diagnosing sinusitis in the asthmatic; to discuss the management of asthmatic patients with sinusitis, both medical and surgical; to examine the outcome of managing the asthmatic patient with sinusitis. Data sources Prospective and retrospective data from the author's experience was evaluated. MEDLINE database was searched from January 1, 1984, using the keywords "asthma" and "sinusitis" without restriction to species or language; 48 articles were identified. Relevant articles referenced in retrieved sources, current texts in otorhinolaryngology and sinus disease were also utilized. Study selection From data source abstracts, pertinent articles (33) and book chapters meeting the objectives of our paper were intensively reviewed. Results Clinical and experimental studies indicate that sinonasal inflammation can result in worsening of lower airway disease, while the exact nature of this relationship remains debated. Regardless of mechanism, identification of the asthmatic patient with chronic sinusitis using the techniques of nasal endoscopy and CT scanning can lead to treatment of sinusitis with overall sinus and asthmatic disease improvement. Proper management is first medical, while surgical approaches are reserved for persistent cases. Traditional, more radical, surgical approaches have shown good results overall, while newer techniques of functional endoscopic sinus surgery which respect anatomy and mucosal function are less studied but expected to result in similar or better long-term outcome. Conclusions Sinusitis and asthma coexist and impact on one another at many different levels. Proper identification of the asthmatic patient with chronic sinusitis can be readily discerned by an accurate and thorough history and physical examination including nasal endoscopy and CT scanning. Proper medical and surgical management of sinusitis in the asthmatic patient can result in both improved sinonasal and asthmatic symptoms with fewer physician visits and decreased need for medication.
Beyond one-electron dynamics: predicted and observed magnetic ordering collapse for two kinds of uranium f-electrons

We have made absolute material-specific predictions of alloying or high-pressure effects using LDA input into many-electron dynamics for uranium SCE systems. The theory incorporates the consequence of the necessary exchange-symmetrization in treating hybridization, that there are essentially two kinds of f electron states, localized-magnetic and itinerant-nonmagnetic. Experimentally, the consequent alloying effects can be dramatic, e.g. in UxLa1−xS the magnetic ordering abruptly disappears at about 55% uranium. The theory is quite successful in its detailed absolute predictions, and this has important implications for the overall understanding of electronic behavior in SCE systems including heavy fermion systems. The key conclusion is that the hybridization, as kinematically restricted by exchange symmetry, leads to a chemical-environment-dependent sharp threshold for a drastic restructuring of the ground state in SCE systems involving transition-shell atomic species, with dramatic observable consequences.
Amelogenesis in vitro: a model for studies of epithelial postsecretory processing during tissue‐specific extracellular matrix biomineralization

The extracellular matrix (ECM) of developing mammalian enamel comprises a complex of unusual epithelial-derived proteins, which appear to function in concert to initiate and propagate tissue-specific biomineralization. Following enamel protein synthesis by ameloblast cells within the enamel organ, the subsequent steps of posttranslational modification, secretion, postsecretory processing and eventual removal of these proteins from forming enamel are largely unknown. To address this issue we have designed studies to investigate the hypothesis that enamel proteins are removed from enamel and translocated into the vasculature as relatively high-molecular-weight components. We examined enamel proteins recovered from serumless medium during prolonged organ culture of mouse capstage mandibular first molars. By 21 days in vitro the tooth crown formed and dentine and enamel biomineralization were apparent. At 31 days, explants retained metabolic activity and the enamel matrix showed extensive transformation. Immunologically identified enamel proteins of 26-18 k Da were produced by cultured tooth organs, translocated from tooth explants to the culture medium, recovered from the medium and then compared to control enamel protein from in vivo preparations. Comparable postsecretory processing of the 26-k Da amelogenin protein was observed in vitro and in vivo. We speculate that the pathway reported in the present studies is comparable to the processing of the enamel protein polypeptides of the maturing enamel which occurs in vivo. The in vitro organ culture model described in this report provides an approach with which to investigate the molecular events associated with epithelial-derived postsecretory processing of ECM molecules associated with tissue-specific biomineralization.
On the origin of systems. Systems biology, synthetic biology and the origin of life.

During the past decade, systems biology and synthetic biology have emerged as two new subdisciplines of biology. Although seemingly disparate, there are distinct overlaps that are worth exploring, particularly in terms of the origin of life. Systems biology is guided by the growing understanding that most cellular processes occur in the form of networks controlled by sensors, signals and effectors—properties that find analogies in electronic control systems. A few important life processes could even be characterized as digital, such as the genetic code, ribosome function and the on–off firing of action potentials in neurons. Systems biologists now try to embed these processes in computational models that could provide predictive insights into biological processes at the cellular level. By contrast, other important cellular functions occur through spontaneous self‐assembly processes that are not under precise regulatory control, such as the insertion of lipids and certain proteins into membranes. Most other regulatory signals are essentially diffusion processes that exert their effects by summation over time and space. This includes, for example, the diffusion of ions through channels to produce the resting and action potentials of individual neurons, the diffusion of neurotransmitters across the synaptic cleft and the diffusion of growth factors that govern the differentiation of cells into specific tissues within the developing embryo. These regulatory functions are not in any sense digital, although they work well—indeed, life depends on them. The origin of life therefore clearly illustrates how a living system can emerge from a chaotic environment in the absence of anything that could be called digital control. Instead, the origin of life is better understood in terms of synthetic biology, which is currently defined in engineering terms with a primary goal of developing a 'toolkit' that will make it possible to manipulate the genetic blueprint of living cells. The main point …
The critical micelle concentrations of lysophosphatidic acid and sphingosylphosphorylcholine.

Abstract The critical micelle concentrations (CMC) of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosylphosphorylcholine (SPC) were measured by isothermal titration calorimetry. The CMC of LPA decreases with salt concentration and acyl chain length. In water at 25 °C, the CMC values of 1-acyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidic acid are 1.850, 0.540, 0.082, and 0.346 mM, respectively, when the acyl group is myristoyl, palmitoyl, stearoyl, and oleoyl. The CMC of SPC in 10 mM sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.4, at 25 °C was 0.158 mM, and did not change with an increase in salt concentration.
Artifactual Classification in Neuroelectric Transfer-Functions - Reply

Abstract Contrary to Hudspeths claim in his reply (this issue), his Delta VEPs provided a definitive artifactual basis for VEP form-color categorization in his original paper, including the estimation of the ′neuroelectric transfer functions" generated by his original PCA procedure. I confirmed this in PCAs conducted on waveforms either generated or selected randomly and analyzed in strict accord with Hudspeths stated original PCA procedure. The new procedure that he advocates in his reply to my criticisms, namely PCA involving only the original four waveforms, is relatively uncontroversial and could reveal VEP data patterns that correlate with the form and color dimensions of his four original stimuli, if they exist. However, this approach was not used in Hudspeth (1993), and, despite a token and incomplete presentation of one demonstration data set in his reply, Hudspeth has not provided an appropriate reanalysis of his experimental results.
Construing creativity: The how and why of recognizing creative ideas

Abstract While prior theory proposes that domain knowledge is the main factor that determines creativity assessments, we provide theory and evidence to suggest that situational factors can also alter what people view as creative. Specifically, we test the notion that one's current construal-level can shift what people perceive as creative. We employ three studies manipulating construal in two ways (i.e., with spatial distance and construal level mindset priming) to show that people with low-level and high-level construal orientations differ in creativity assessments of the same idea. We further show that low- and high-level construals do not alter perceptions of ideas low in creativity, and that uncertainty sometimes mediates the relationship between construal level priming and creativity assessments of an examined idea. These findings shed light on why people desire but often reject creativity, and suggest practical solutions to help organizations (e.g., journals, government agencies, venture capitalists) spot creative ideas.
An empirical evaluation of three popular training programs to improve interpersonal skills

As part of their talent development efforts, organizations implement training and development programs that often include some form of interpersonal or behavioral assessment. The study examined in this article compares three popular interpersonal skills training programs for measuring and understanding one's interpersonal style: Inscape's DiSC model, TRACOM Group's Social Style Model, and Consulting Psychologist Press's Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. The facilitators found that participants in each program held positive reactions to training; participants in the Social Style training scored significantly higher than did participants in the DiSC and MBTI programs on a learning measure; and participants in the Social Style training scored significantly higher than did participants in the DiSC and MBTI programs on two measures of participants' skill at analyzing and responding to the interpersonal behaviors of others.
Unusual cytochemical reactivity in canine acute myeloblastic leukaemia

A case of acute myeloblastic leukaemia with unusual cytochemical reactivity in a dog is reported. Blood and bone marrow examination revealed predominantly highly undifferentiated leucocytes lacking peroxidase, sudan black B, and alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase activities. Most of the immature cells in blood and bone marrow smears showed strong alkaline phosphatase activity. Transmission electron microscopy of bone marrow cells revealed features of myeloid differentiation particularly secondary granules. These findings supported the diagnosis of acute myeloblastic leukaemia without differentiation (Ml) under the FAB system of classification of acute myeloid leukaemas in humans.
THRESHOLD VOTING IS FUNDAMENTALLY SIMPLER THAN PLURALITY VOTING

We show that n-way plurality voting on a large unordered object space has time and space complexities of θ(n2) and θ(n), respectively. If the object space is ordered, then sorting can be used to reduce the time complexity to the optimal θ(n log n). We then prove that weighted t-out-of-∑vi threshold voting on such an object space has time complexity O(np) and needs working storage space for only p objects, where p=[(∑vi)/t]. Thus, unless t is very small, threshold voting is considerably simpler than plurality voting. As a corollary, weighted majority voting can be performed in linear time with working storage for a single input object.
AN ANALYTICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF FALLING – FILM EVAPORATION ON A HORIZONTAL TUBE

On propose deux modeles, tous les deux bases sur la definition de trois regions de transfert thermique. Etude experimentale mettant en evidence les effets des differents parametres sur le coefficient de transfert thermique
Effects of substitution on the pyrrole N atom in derivatives of tetrahydronaltrindole, tetrahydrooxymorphindole, and a related 4,5-epoxyphenylpyrrolomorphinan.

The effect of substitution of the pyrrolo- and indolo-N atoms in tetrahydronaltrindole (TNTI), tetrahydrooxymorphindole (TOMI), and 17-cyclopropylmethyl-3,14-dihydroxy-4,5-epoxy-4‘-phenyl-6,7:2‘,3‘-pyrrolomorphinan (4) is reported. In opioid functional assays 4 were potent δ opioid receptor (DOR) antagonists while the TNTI derivatives (7) were potent DOR antagonists or low-efficacy DOR partial agonists without substantial selectivity. The TOMI derivatives (8) were DOR agonists with significant selectivity. In vivo the DOR antagonist activity of 7d was confirmed, but the predominant agonist effect of 8d was shown to be μ opioid receptor mediated.
Degradation of phosphatidylinositol by soluble enzymes of rat gastric mucosa.

Abstract Rat gastric mucosa homogenates contain two enzymatic systems for hydrolyzing phosphatidylinositol: a deacylation activity yielding lysophosphatidylinositol and free fatty acid, and a phospholipase C-like activity producing 1,2-diacylglycerol and inositol phosphates. These activities were found mainly in the 105 000 × g supernatant and could be distinguished by differential stabilities, metal requirements and the action of deoxycholate and mepacrine. Each lipolytic reaction displayed a major pH optimum at 7.5 and a minor pH optimum at 5.5. The deacylation system was 8–10 times as active as the phospholipase C, with an apparent Km of 0.63 mM towards 1-acyl-2-arachidonylphosphatidylinositol at pH 7.5. The phospholipase C activity, on the other hand, hydrolyzed 1-acyl-2-arachidonylphosphatidylinositol or 1-acyl-2-arachidonylphosphatidylethanolamine and yielded 1-acyl-2-arachidonyl-sn-glycerol. This 1,2-diacylglycerol could be phosphorylated to form 1-acyl-2-[14C]arachidonyl-sn-phosphoglycerol (phosphatidic acid), but could not be hydrolyzed to produce free [14C]arachidonic acid using stomach mucosal microsomes. Phospholipase A2 and phospholipase C attack 1-acyl-2-arachidonylphosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol equally well, but hydrolyze 1-acyl-2-arachidonylphosphatidylcholine poorly.
SCATTERING OF PROTONS BY ALPHA-PARTICLES

Differential scattering cross sections for 5.10\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.10-Mev protons by helium have been determined at laboratory angles from 30\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} to 150\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}. Probable errors in the cross sections varied from 2.4 percent at 30\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} to 4.1 percent at 150\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}. The scattered protons were detected by a proportional counter. The apparatus was calibrated by a study of proton-proton scattering.
Coping with job stress: Measures and future directions for scale development.

For researchers studying how people cope with job stress, a major empirical concern is the development of coping measures. This article presents construct validity evidence for three measures of coping behavior related to job stress: control, escape, and symptom management. The psychometric properti
Relationship of surfactant properties of some synthetic steroids to bactericidal action

Properties of seven azasteroids and a steroidal acid, which have been found to possess antibacterial activity, were compared with benzalkonium chloride (BAC). Bactericidal action against Gaffkya tetragena , lecithin inactivation, nemolysis of sheep erythrocytes, and the lowering of surface tension were studied. The positive relationship between surface-active properties and antibacterial activity observed with many surfactants, such as BAC, was found with only two of these steroids. Certain of the bactericidal steroids may be mechanistically similar to BAC, but the properties of the steroids studied suggest different modes of action.
Visual Servoing of an ROV for Servicing of Tethered Ocean Moorings

This paper presents an approach for shared control of a Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) to assist the vehicle's pilots in servicing of moored underwater platforms. By providing precise automatic control of the ROV with respect to the mooring, a shared control system is established such that the ROV hovers automatically with respect to the mooring and the pilot is free to focus only on the manipulation tasks. The positioning system uses a single calibrated camera to measure bearings to several fiduciary markers on a test mooring of known position in the mooring's coordinates. An Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) fuses these bearing measurements with vehicle sensors such as compass, inclinometers and rate gyros to estimate the relative position and orientation of the mooring with respect to the ROV. The approach leverages technology that has been presented previously for vision-based automatic tracking and observation of deep ocean animals. Results from simulation and field trials of this positioning system using the ROV Ventana in Monterey Bay are presented.
Structural analysis and subunit interaction of insulin receptor from membranes of cultured embryonic chick heart cells.

In previous studies of cultured embryonic chick heart, insulin hyperpolarized cells and slowed their beat rate through occupancy of a high affinity receptor. In the present studies, we chemically characterize the native structure and subunit interactions of this insulin receptor. A stokes radius of 87 A and an apparent molecular mass of 350,000 daltons were found for membrane proteins specifically cross-linked to [125I] insulin by disuccinimidyl suberate. A primary subunit of 125,000 daltons in dithiothreitol or 115,000 daltons in its absence (α-subunit) was heavily cross-linked. A smaller subunit had a size of 90,000 daltons (β-subunit). This β-subunit was not readily labeled by [125I]insulin cross-linking, but insulin enhanced 32P incorporation from [γ-32P]ATP, enabling its visualization. Subunit interaction could be studied, because alkaline conditions produced dissociation of the native 350,000-dalton receptor. This spontaneous dissociation was not a result of proteolysis and was prevented by acid con...
Adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation of lacrimal peroxidase secretion.

The effect of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) on secretion of lacrimal gland peroxidase was studied using an in vitro perifusion technique. The peptide stimulated a dose-dependent (1 nm to 100 nm) release of peroxidase, with the maximum level of secretion induced by 20 nm ACTH. Secretion in the presence of submaximal ACTH was potentiated with either 100 μm iso-butylmethylxanthine or 0·3 μm carbachol. In contrast, the combination of ACTH and phenylephrine was additive. Time-dependence studies demonstrated that the stimulation of peroxidase release by ACTH, as with other cyclic adenosine monophosphate mediated secretagogues, showed a latency in reaching the maximum rate which was not evident with either cholinergic or alpha-adrenergic stimulation. Furthermore, where potentiation of the response to ACTH occurred, the time course was distinctly altered from that obtained with either ACTH or the potentiating agonist alone. The data suggest that lacrimal gland function is regulated by a multiple system of neurotransmitters and (or) neuromodulators that involves the activation of peptidergic as well as cholinergic and alpha-adrenergic receptors.
Understanding thermostability in cytochrome P450 by combinatorial mutagenesis.

The cytochromes P450 are an important class of mono-oxygenases involved in xenobiotic metabolism and steroid biosynthesis in a diverse set of life forms. Discovery of CYP-119, a P450 from the archea Sulfolobus solfataricus has provided a means for understanding nature's method of stabilizing this important protein superfamily. To identify classes of stabilizing interactions used by CYP-119, we have generated a randomized library of point mutants and screened for mutants that are less thermostable than the wild type by monitoring the characteristic Soret band in the visible region of the cell lysis. The selected mutants were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry to compare the temperatures of the melting transitions of the various mutants. The identified mutations suggested that electrostatic interactions involving salt links and charge–charge interactions, as well as contributions from other interactions such as aromatic stacking, and side chain volume of hydrophobic residues contribute to enhanced thermostability in this cytochrome P450.
Entropy Generation in Laminar Flow Junctions

Laminar flow dominates microscale and milliscale applications. This work is focused on laminar energy losses in junctions (bifurcations). Reynolds number plays a dominant role in energy losses for laminar flow. The physical cause of these energy losses is entropy generation. This paper analyzes the energy losses in junctions by considering the entropy generation.This paper documents results from computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of laminar flow in planar junctions. The junctions studied consisted of circular pipes with two outlets and one inlet tube with Reynolds numbers ranging from one to 1000. A general technique has been developed to produce computer models of junctions in which the inlet tube size is set, but the outlets are allowed to vary in size and angle relative to the inlet tube. A generalized algorithm has been implemented to create three-dimensional models of the junctions for both computational and experimental studies. The entropy generation has been determined in junctions from simulation results for the velocity field. Results for entropy generation as a function of geometry and Reynolds are presented. Energy loss coefficients are derived from the simulations and compared to experimental measurements of energy losses in microscale junctions.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
The Accuracy of Behavioral Intention Versus Behavioral Expectation for Predicting Behavioral Goals

Abstract Researchers have largely overlooked the distinction between behavioral intention and behavioral expectation as predictors of one's own behavior. Moreover, the distinction between purely volitional behavior and behavioral goals, the latter of which may be impeded by such nonvolitional factors as lack of ability, lack of opportunity, habit, and environmental impediments, has also been blurred in the literature. Behavioral expectation is theorized to be based on a cognitive appraisal of one's behavioral intention and all other behavioral determinants of which one is aware. The present study argues and gives evidence that, although behavioral expectation and behavioral intention may have similar predictive accuracy for volitional behaviors, behavioral expectation is adequate, but behavioral intention may be inadequate for prediction of the accomplishment of behavioral goals.
Distribution of Nanoparticles in Lamellar Domains of Block Copolymers

Polystyrene-coated gold nanoparticles (molecular weight (Mn) of PS ∼1300 g/mol, average particle diameter d (core + shell) ∼ 9.2 ± 2.2 nm, corresponding to a high areal chain density of PS) are incorporated into symmetric poly(styrene-b-2 vinylpyridine) diblock copolymers with total Mn ∼ 60 000−380 000 g/mol at volume fractions of 0.07−0.32. For all Mn of diblock copolymers and particle filling fractions examined, particles are centralized in the PS domains with Gaussian distribution profiles. The distribution width generally decreases as the PS domain size decreases or as the particle weight fraction increases. These observations are discussed in terms of the relative entropic contributions of the polymer chains and particles.
Koordination von Ethylen an einen Komplex mit M‐M‐Dreifachbindung: Bis(η2‐ethylen)hexakis(neopentyloxy)diwolfram

Etude de la reaction de [W 2 (OCH 2 +Bu) 6 ] avec l'ethylene dans l'hexane a 0°C. Le produit serait un dimetallabicyclopropyl
Marked Aortic Regurgitation Without Peripheral Vascular Signs

SUMMARY We have recently encountered seven patients with marked aortic insufficiency but without the classic peripheral vascular signs usually associated with this condition. Cineangiography was the only technic affording a more accurate assessment of the degree of regurgitation. This report emphasizes the importance of cineangiography for a thorough evaluation of all cases of aortic insufficiency.
Generation of mean ocean circulation by fluctuating winds

The study of barotropic wind-driven, ocean circulation by means of a Fourier series expansion is extended in this paper to include systems with up to six components in each of the horizontal directions. The results agree with the qualitative results deduced from the 2 times 2 study reported earlier. The principal new result which is derived here is that a fluctuating wind (whose time-average vanishes) superimposed on a mean wind can significantly increase the mass transport of the mean circulation. The maximum increase derived here is 30% of the mean circulation in the absence of a fluctuating wind. It is also shown that mean circulations arise from purely fluctuating winds. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1966.tb01445.x