cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A MASS SPECTROMETRIC INVESTIGATION OF THE HIGH-TEMPERATURE DIFFUSION OF URANIUM IN TUNGSTEN AND THE ALLOTROPIC PHASE TRANSITION IN ZIRCONIUM.

Abstract The diffusion rates of uranium in tungsten between 1970 and 2730°C were measured using a mass spectrometric technique. In this temperature range the diffusion coefficient of uranium in tungsten followed the ralation The mass spectrometer was also used to detect the allotropic phase change in zirconium by measuring the change in activation energy for the diffusion of rubidium in zirconium over the temperature range between 760° and 1030°. To measure the diffusion coefficients, thin ribbons of the solvent metals, each of which contained a low concentration of solute material as an impurity, were used as high-temperature thermal ion sources in a mass spectrometer. The mass spectrometer was utilized to detect the time variation of the solute ion beams from these ribbons for various temperatures. From these data desired diffusion coefficients were calculated using the Fick's law solution for impurity evaporation from a thin plate The activation energies were found from plots of the natural logarithm of the diffusion coefficients versus inverse temperature. There is evidence that the results obtained with this method are less subject to error than are classical diffusion measurements due to the fact that small, isolated diffusion samples are used. Also, the solute ion beams can be programmed in magnitude to achieve maximum accuracy and rapidity in diffusion measurements. At present, however, this new method is limited in applicable temperature range.
Effects of fire, grazing, and the presence of shrubs on Chihuahuan desert grasslands.

Abstract Responses of herbaceous and suffrutescent species to fire, grazing, and presence of Prosopis glandulosa were examined in a Chihuahuan desert grassland in south-central New Mexico. Treatments were assigned randomly to eight 12×8 m plots within each of two blocks. Following fires in June 1995, unfenced plots were exposed to livestock grazing over 4 years. Plots were established that either included or excluded P. glandulosa . Perennial grass cover, primarily Bouteloua eriopoda , decreased by 13% in burned plots but increased 5% in unburned areas. Conversely, perennial forb cover was 4% greater after fire. Perennial grass frequency decreased 30% more and perennial forb frequency increased 10% more following burning. Further, increases in evenness after fire resulted in a 225% increase in species diversity. Grazing also resulted in a decrease in perennial grass cover while frequency decreased 22% more in grazed than ungrazed plots. Only frequency and not cover of perennial forbs and annual grasses increased more following grazing. Presence of P. glandulosa had no differential effect on responses of non-shrub species. Fires were conducted during near drought conditions while grazing occurred during years of precipitation equivalent to the long-term average. Precipitation immediately following fire may be critical for recovery of B. eriopoda -dominated desert grasslands; relationships between fire and post-fire precipitation patterns require future investigation.
Recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor improves hematopoietic recovery after 5-fluorouracil

Abstract Antitumor chemotherapy is often limited by hematopoietic toxicity. In an attempt to determine if it is possible to attenuate the myelosuppressive effects of chemotherapy, we administered recombinant murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rmGM-CSF), a multilineage hematopoietic growth factor, to mice receiving 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Mice receiving injection of 5-FU followed 24 hr later by a single 1-μg injection of rmGM-CSF had significantly increased femoral bone marrow granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells (GM-CFC) 48 hr after 5-FU injection compared to animals receiving 5-FU alone. Animals receiving rmGM-CSF twice daily beginning 24 hr after 5-FU had significantly elevated white blood cell counts and increased granulocyte and monocyte counts at Day 7 following 5-FU injection, compared to those of 5-FU animals. The total reserve of GM-CFC was also expanded initially in the femoral marrow and later in the spleen of animals receiving rmGM-CSF following 5-FU. A means of accelerating bone marrow recovery and restoration circulating granulocytes and monocytes could allow more frequent doses of chemotherapy to be administered or shorten the time period that patients are leukopenic.
The free amino groups of Ambrosia elatior pollen proteins

Abstract Various preparations of Ambrosia elatior pollen proteins have been arylated with 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene. In every instance hydrolysis of these dinitrophenyl proteins yielded 2,4-dinitroaniline, 2,4-dinitrophenol, and ϵ-dinitrophenyllysine, but no other dinitrophenyl amino acid.
Gender Differences in Risk and Protective Factors for Suicidal Ideation among College Students.

The correlates and predictors of suicidal ideation were examined in 303 male and 691 female undergraduates. Results indicated that hopelessness predicted suicidal ideation in both samples; however, depression was found to be a significant suicide risk factor only in women. In contrast, alcohol-related problems and social support from family predicted suicidal ideation in men, but not in women. In addition, for both men and women perceived burdensomeness was a suicide risk factor and reasons for living a protective factor. When assessing risk for suicide, our results suggest that practitioners may need to focus more on depressive symptoms in women and more on alcohol-related problems in men, while considering hopelessness, perceived burdensomeness, and reasons for living regardless of gender. Prevention programs which target these identified risk and protective factors for suicidality should be developed specifically for college men and women.
An Experimental Examination of Dead Air Space for Smoke Alarms

North American smoke-alarm installation standards and manufacturer’s recommendations require that smoke alarms be installed not less than 100 mm from any adjoining wall if mounted on a flat ceiling, and not closer than 100 mm and not farther than 300 mm from the adjoining ceiling surface if mounted on walls. The aim of this prescriptive rule is to avoid installation of smoke alarms in the “dead air space”, where it is assumed to be difficult for smoke to reach. However, there was little scientific basis and experimental evidence for this prescriptive rule. A series of experimental studies were conducted in a residential dwelling as well as in a laboratory room to examine the effect of “dead air space” on smoke-alarm response. Small and slow-growing smouldering and flaming fire sources were used to challenge the smoke alarms. The results show that smoke can reach the “dead air space” under the experimental conditions and the smoke alarms installed in the “dead air space” can respond to the fire at times comparable to, and in many cases even earlier than, the smoke alarms installed at conventional locations. There was no obvious evidence of the “dead air space” effect. The prescriptive “dead air space” as currently defined in the standards is questionable as far as early fire detection is concerned when fires are still small and smoke flows caused by the fires are still slow. Performance-based approaches should be used to identify those spaces where smoke may be difficult to reach.
Temporal organization of phytoplankton communities linked to physical forcing

The performance of individual phytoplankton species is strongly governed by the thermal stratification's impact on vertical mixing within the water column, which alters the position of phytoplankton relative to nutrients and light. The present study documents shifts in phytoplankton structure and vertical positioning that have accompanied intensified long-term stratification in a natural ecosystem. Ordination analysis is used to extract gradients in phytoplankton composition in Lake Tahoe, an extremely nutrient-poor lake, over a 23-year period of records. Community structure in the 1980s was associated most strongly with resource availability (low nitrogen to phosphorus ratios, deeper euphotic zone depth), while intensified stratification dominated the phytoplankton structure since the late 1990s. Within diatoms, small-sized cells increased with reduced mixing, suggesting that suppressed turbulence provides them with a competitive advantage over large-sized cells. Among the morphologically diverse chlorophytes, filamentous and coenobial forms were favored under intensified stratification. The selection for small-sized diatoms is accompanied by a shoaling trend in their vertical position in the water column. In contrast, the motile flagellates displayed a deeper vertical positioning in recent years, indicating that optimal growth conditions shifted likely due to reduced upwelling of nutrients. As the thermal stratification of lakes and oceans is strongly linked to climate variables, the present study confirms that climate warming will alter phytoplankton structure and dynamics largely through effects on nutrient availability and sinking velocities. Intensified stratification should favor the expansion of small-sized species and species with the capability of buoyancy regulation, which may alter primary productivity, nutrient recycling, and higher trophic productivity.
XPay: practical anonymous payments for tor routing and other networked services

We design and analyze the first practical anonymous payment mechanisms for network services. We start by reporting on our experience with the implementation of a routing micropayment solution for Tor. We then propose micropayment protocols of increasingly complex requirements for networked services, such as P2P or cloud-hosted services.The solutions are efficient, with bandwidth and latency overheads of under 4% and 0.9 ms respectively (in ORPay for Tor), provide full anonymity (both for payers and payees), and support thousands of transactions per second.
Anatomy of a radio frequency integrated circuit design course

The field of radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC) design is currently enjoying a renaissance, driven by the explosive growth in wireless applications. Because of this sudden and unexpected growth, there has been a frenzied scramble to train RF engineers to meet the high demand. A major challenge in this task is that RF design is multidisciplinary in nature, requiring knowledge of communications and signal propagation theory, transceiver architectures, and circuit design. This paper describes an intensive first-year graduate course designed specifically to produce competent RFIC designers in one year.
Reconfiguration and analysis of a fault-tolerant circular butterfly parallel system

The butterfly parallel system has a regular and simple interconnection pattern, making it suitable for VLSI or WSI implementation. The authors propose an effective fault-tolerant technique for the circular butterfly parallel system to ensure its rigid full butterfly structure even in the presence of failures, addressing reconfiguration in detail. The resulting butterfly system has L levels, involves (1/log/sub 2/ L)% spare processing elements (PEs), and approximately 50% additional links. The reconfiguration process of the design in response to any operational fault is easy and can be performed in a distributed manner. The reliability and layout of this proposed design are evaluated analytically. This design, due to its specific configuration, exhibits significant improvement in reliability while taking only moderately more layout area. >
Endovascular treatment of an iatrogenic thoracic aortic injury after spinal instrumentation: case report ☆

Iatrogenic aortic injuries after spinal surgery have been described, but are rare. We describe a case of a 77-year-old woman who underwent surgical correction of a debilitating spinal deformity at an outside institution. Postoperative thoracic spine radiographs and computed tomography scans revealed a misplaced pedicle screw at T5, which was impinging on the descending thoracic aortic wall. The patient was brought to the operating room, where a thoracic stent graft was deployed under fluoroscopic guidance as the malpositioned screw was manually retracted. The patient had an uneventful postoperative course, and was discharged within 24 hours. This case represents a rare but potentially morbid vascular complication of spinal instrumentation surgery that was successfully treated without the need for thoracotomy.
Cognitive functions of language in the preschool years.

In this review, the hypothesis was advanced that language influences the young child's thinking and behavior at an age earlier than that commonly reported. Consideration was given to three areas: concept formation, communication, and problem solving. Prelinguistic mastery in these functions is available through sensorimotor skills. Such skills, however, are geared to visual spatial information. In the absence of this information or in the presence of other forms of information, the child begins to employ his verbal system. Because most experimental paradigms are based on visual spatial cues, it was proposed that they are not well suited for tapping the linguistic functions available to the young child. Language development in the young child appears to be marked by a schism between structure and function. Thus, from the normative studies of the 1930s (McCarthy, 1954), we have clear evidence that by three to four years of age the child has acquired an extensive language repertoire; from the more recent psycholinguistic research based on transformatio nal grammar (Brown & Bellugi, 1964; Chomsky, 1957; Lenneberg, 1967), we know further that this verbalization is based not on simple associational learning but rather on the grasp of a complex set of rules underlying the structure of language. Difficulties have been encountered, however, in showing that the child's language has any appreciable effect on his thinking or behavior before the period of five to seven years (Conrad, 1971; Flavell, 1970; Kendler, 1972; White, 1965). This situation is typically summarized as follows:
Barriers to Cancer Clinical Trial Participation Among American Indian and Alaska Native Tribal College Students

American Indians and Alaska Natives (AIs/ANs) have cancer-related mortality rates that are among the highest of all racial and ethnic groups in the US.1,2 They are also more likely to be diagnosed with late-stage cancer and to have lower 5-year survival rates than other groups.3 These pronounced disparities underscore the need for access to cancer clinical trials in this population. The National Institutes of Health recognize the importance of clinical trials for improving health care for racial and ethnic minorities, as they mandated in 1993 that all sponsored research must include women and minority groups.4 However, fewer than 3% of US cancer patients are enrolled in trials funded by the National Cancer Institute, and AI/AN patients are conspicuously underrepresented in such trials, as are other racial and ethnic groups, rural populations, and older adults generally.5–8 One study of participation in surgical oncology trials counted only 35 AI/AN participants (0.25%) out of a total sample of 13,991.9 Limited research has investigated barriers to participation in cancer clinical trials by AI/AN people. A review of articles reporting original data on recruiting barriers found that a scant 65 of 5,257 articles provided information on minority subgroups, and only 4 of these included AIs/ANs.8 A few studies of barriers to general medical care and clinical trial participation for AI/AN people have identified medical mistrust and lack of transportation as issues.10,11 In a survey of 112 AI/AN elders, we found that living far from the study site decreased willingness to participate in cancer clinical trials, as did a high risk that confidentiality would be broken. Several other factors also strongly increased willingness to participate in cancer clinical trials: research led by an investigator of AI/AN descent, research including a physician with experience treating AI/AN people, personal experience with the type of cancer studied, family support for participation, and hope that the research would provide new treatments.12 Building on these findings, we aimed to (1) identify factors that influence willingness to participate in cancer clinical trials among AI/AN students enrolled in tribal colleges, (2) develop a scale measuring willingness to participate, and (3) compare attitudes of AI/AN tribal college students to those of older AI/AN nonstudent adults. Because younger patients were over-represented in some studies of cancer clinical trials,7–9 we hypothesized that younger tribal college students might demonstrate more willingness to participate in trials than would older nonstudent adults.
Unusual Metalloporphyrins. Synthesis and Properties of a Dimetallic Boron Porphyrin Complex.

Abstract Reaction of BCl3 acetonitrile adduct with tetraphenylporphine affords the corresponding chloro–boron complex. Chromatography of this chelate on alumina results in ligand exchange producing an unusual tetrahydroxydiboron porphyrin. This complex is characterized by visible, ir, nmr, and mass spectrometry, as well as elemental analysis. The diboron derivatives are easily demetallated in solution and are formulated as having out of plane structures. These may be models for metal ion incorporation into porphyrins.
Discrimination learning with an avoidance procedure

Groups of rats were trained in a T-maze to go to the white arm to avoid shock. Avoidance performance and discrimination learning were markedly improved by pretraining with a few (up to 25) trials in which the rats were forced to run to the white arm.
Primary and Secondary Kinase Genotypes Correlate With the Biological and Clinical Activity of Sunitinib in Imatinib-Resistant Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor

Purpose Most gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) harbor mutant KIT or platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRA) kinases, which are imatinib targets. Sunitinib, which targets KIT, PDGFRs, and several other kinases, has demonstrated efficacy in patients with GIST after they experience imatinib failure. We evaluated the impact of primary and secondary kinase genotype on sunitinib activity. Patients and Methods Tumor responses were assessed radiologically in a phase I/II trial of sunitinib in 97 patients with metastatic, imatinib-resistant/intolerant GIST. KIT/PDGFRA mutational status was determined for 78 patients by using tumor specimens obtained before and after prior imatinib therapy. Kinase mutants were biochemically profiled for sunitinib and imatinib sensitivity. Results Clinical benefit (partial response or stable disease for ≥ 6 months) with sunitinib was observed for the three most common primary GIST genotypes: KIT exon 9 (58%), KIT exon 11 (34%), and wild-type KIT/PDGFRA (56%). Progre...
Research Note---Trust Is in the Eye of the Beholder: A Vignette Study of Postevent Behavioral Controls' Effects on Individual Trust in Virtual Teams

Research in face-to-face teams shows conflicting results about the impact of behavioral controls on trust; some research shows that controls increase the salience of good behavior, which increases trust while other research shows that controls increase the salience of poor behavior that decreases trust. The only study in virtual teams, which examined poorly functioning teams, found that controls increased the salience of poor behavior, which decreased trust. We argue that in virtual teams behavioral controls amplify the salience of all behaviors (positive and negative) and that an individual's selective perception bias influences how these behaviors are interpreted. Thus the link from behavioral controls to trust is more complex than first thought. We conducted a 2 × 2 experiment, varying the use of behavioral controls (controls, no controls) and individual team member behaviors (reneging behaviors designed to reduce trust beliefs and fulfilling behaviors designed to increase trust beliefs). We found that behavioral controls did amplify the salience of all behaviors; however, contrary to what we expected, this actually weakened the impact of reneging and fulfilling behaviors on trust. We believe that completing a formal evaluation increased empathy and the awareness of context in which the behaviors occurred and thus mitigated extreme perceptions. We also found that behavioral controls increased the selective perception bias which induced participants to see the behaviors their disposition to trust expected rather than the behaviors that actually occurred.
Operations on sets of intervals - an exercise for data structures or algorithms

Ordered linked lists are introduced in data structures courses and are frequently encountered in the study of algorithms. Set operations (e.g. union, intersection) on sets of real intervals provide a non-trivial exercise in developing correct algorithms for manipulating lists.
New Diagnostic Strategies for Lupus Anticoagulants and Antiphospholipid Antibodies

Laboratories are currently challenged with the problem of ruling out APA in a patient plasmas. In order to optimize the identification of these antibodies, it is necessary to institute a well-planned
G protein-coupled receptor kinase 4 gene variants in human essential hypertension

Essential hypertension has a heritability as high as 30–50%, but its genetic cause(s) has not been determined despite intensive investigation. The renal dopaminergic system exerts a pivotal role in maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance and participates in the pathogenesis of genetic hypertension. In genetic hypertension, the ability of dopamine and D1-like agonists to increase urinary sodium excretion is impaired. A defective coupling between the D1 dopamine receptor and the G protein/effector enzyme complex in the proximal tubule of the kidney is the cause of the impaired renal dopaminergic action in genetic rodent and human essential hypertension. We now report that, in human essential hypertension, single nucleotide polymorphisms of a G protein-coupled receptor kinase, GRK4γ, increase G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK) activity and cause the serine phosphorylation and uncoupling of the D1 receptor from its G protein/effector enzyme complex in the renal proximal tubule and in transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells. Moreover, expressing GRK4γA142V but not the wild-type gene in transgenic mice produces hypertension and impairs the diuretic and natriuretic but not the hypotensive effects of D1-like agonist stimulation. These findings provide a mechanism for the D1 receptor coupling defect in the kidney and may explain the inability of the kidney to properly excrete sodium in genetic hypertension.
Growth Factor-specific Signaling Pathway Stimulation and Gene Expression Mediated by ErbB Receptors

The mechanisms by which receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) utilize intracellular signaling pathways to direct gene expression and cellular response remain unclear. A current question is whether different RTKs within a single cell target similar or different sets of genes. In this study we have used the ErbB receptor network to explore the relationship between RTK activation and gene expression. We profiled growth factor-stimulated signaling pathway usage and broad gene expression patterns in two human mammary tumor cell lines expressing different complements of ErbB receptors. Although the growth factors epidermal growth factor (EGF) and neuregulin (NRG) 1 similarly stimulated Erk1/2 in MDA-MB-361 cells, EGF acting through an EGF receptor/ErbB2 heterodimer preferentially stimulated protein kinase C, and NRG1β acting through an ErbB2/ErbB3 heterodimer preferentially stimulated Akt. The two growth factors regulated partially overlapping yet distinct sets of genes in these cells. In MDA-MB-453 cells, NRG1β acting through an ErbB2/ErbB3 heterodimer stimulated prolonged signaling of all pathways examined relative to NRG2β acting through the same heterodimeric receptor species. Surprisingly, NRG1β and NRG2β also regulated partially overlapping but distinct sets of genes in these cells. These results demonstrate that the activation of different RTKs, or activation of the same RTKs with different ligands, can lead to distinct profiles of gene regulation within a single cell type. Our observations also suggest that the identity and kinetics of signaling pathway usage by RTKs may play a role in the selection of regulated genes.
The use of tapered plastic luer connectors in neonatal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

Tapered luer connectors can split, crack, and leak under certain clinical conditions. The purpose of this study was to analyze the causes of these failures and suggest methods of managing the problem. Experience is related to the use of plastic luers in neonatal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; however, the guidelines suggested may have some application in the general intensive care population.
RIGOR, IMAGINATION, HUMILITY, AND LOVE: SYSTEMIC WISDOM IN PSYCHOTHERAPY PRACTICE

This article proposes that wisdom is an integral ingredient in effective therapy, and offers a way of thinking about how wisdom grounded in systems thinking can be enacted and embodied. Rigor, imagination, humility, and love are four components that make up systemic wisdom in psychotherapy. Rigor refers to the establishment and maintenance of a viable frame for therapy; imagination to the pragmatics of meaning-making; humility, to the experience of complexity and chaos in the therapy system; and love, to the fundamental, biologically based emotional structure of the therapy relationship. These ideas pertain to work with individuals, couples, and families and are meant as principles rather than as a specific model. Therapy organized by these principles is effective by virtue of its aesthetic quality—its connecting of parts to whole and whole to parts—in addition to its instrumentality.
An External Beam Bunch Selector for a 60-Inch Cyclotron

An external beam-bunch selector has been built to modulate the beam of the NASA 60-inch cyclotron for neutron time-of-flight studies. Electrostatic deflection at one-fourth the cyclotron frequency is used to lengthen the beam burst period, so that longer flight times can be used. The design and performance of this apparatus are described. With this equipment, flight times up to 400 nanoseconds are available, without distortion of the cyclotron beam burst width. Energy resolutions of the order of 2 percent are thus possible.
Church Vitality and the American Revolution: Historiographical Consensus and Thoughts Towards a New Perspective

scribe a society in which the church was an institution of overwhelming importance, and religious concerns were closely integrated with all aspects of life. Even in the diversifying and more secular picture of the eighteenth century, religion continued to occupy a central position in society, and the historiography of the period reflects this reality. Many attempts to trace the origins of the American Revolution are laced with the religious dynamic, and the influence of ministerial leadership is considered significant. In Bernard Bailyn's The Ideological Origins of the American Revolution, religious issues and the clergy are prominent in the unfolding political struggle.1 In addition, bibliographies of the period are sprinkled with such titles as The New England Clergy and the American Revolution, The Pulpit of the American Revolution, and Church and Clergy in the American Revolution.2 But somehow in the general, scholarly works which describe the war years themselves and the period following The Treaty of Paris of 1783, religion as a significant element in the historical narrative has been so diminished that one practically needs a microscope to find its remains. The issue of separation of church and state claims some attention, but it is discused as a political question than as a religious one. By the turn of the century religion and theological concerns reemerge as fit meat for historians chronicling the early national period of American history. The Second Great Awakening, its causes, and the excitement it generated, occupy a prominent portion of the historical literature on the period. Church historians, or historians of the American religious scene, have not left the decades after the Revolution out of their works. But their treatment of them reveals a number of interesting and provocative characteristics which have remained consistent and surprisingly similar from Robert Baird in 1844 to Sydney Ahlstrom in 1972.
E.S.R. of Spin-trapped Radicals in γ-irradiated Polycrystalline Amino Acids. Chromatographic Separation of Radicals

SummaryThe free radicals produced by γ-radiolysis of polycrystalline amino acids (L-valine, L-leucine, L-isoleucine and L-proline) at room temperature in the absence of air were investigated by spin trapping with 2-methyl-2-nitrospropane (MNP). The spin adducts produced by dissolving the irradiated solids in aqueous MNP solutions were separated by high-performance liquid chromatography and then identified by e.s.r. Deamination (ring-opening reaction for L-proline) was observed for all amino acids. For L-valine and L-leucine, H-abstraction from the tertiary carbon in the side chains occurred. For isoleucine, H-abstractions from the α-carbon of the amino acid and from a nonterminal carbon in the side chain were found.
The Importance of Design Thinking in a Start-Up

At the core of any ‘startup’ is the goal to discern, identify and satisfy an unmet opportunity in the market. At the core of design there’s a passion to create an innovative vision for the future. Being a designer and being a designer in a ‘startup’ are two very different things, and it centers on the way that Design is used. For example, here are three ideas that focus on the contributions made by Design in a startup environment.
Use of Wireless Technology for Children with Auditory Processing Disorders, Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, and Language Disorders

There are several populations of children who have normal hearing but exhibit auditory listening difficulties in the classroom. Recent publications will be reviewed to support the use of wireless, remote microphone technology for improving speech-recognition performance in noise and classroom-listening abilities in children diagnosed with auditory processing disorders (APDs), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). In addition, a series of case studies on children diagnosed with APDs, ADHD, ASDs, and/or language disorders will be presented to (1) support specific remote microphone-fitting procedures and (2) to report speech-recognition performance in noise; listening comprehension; and participant-, parent-, and teacher-rated listening behaviors following a trial period with the technology. The results of these case studies will validate fitting procedures for these populations with auditory listening difficulties and will provide additional, evidence-based support for the use of remote microphone technology for children diagnosed with APDs, ADHD, ASDs, and/or language disorders.
Zhu Guangqian's Idea of "Rhythmology"

In On Peoty,aesthetician Zhu Guangqian attaches the same significance to both audio rhythm and visual image.Much has been stated about imagine in poetry,he puts forward the idea of rhythmology in poetry,which is intended to strengthen the construction of rhythmology in poetry.Zhu believes that the issue of harmony between rhythm and connotation of a poem is of the most significance;meanwhile,rhythmology in poetry has enlightening significance in the transformation from Chinese traditional poetry into new poetry.
Dynamic kinetic analysis of growth of Listeria monocytogenes in a simulated comminuted, non-cured cooked pork product

Abstract The objective of this study was to directly construct a tertiary growth model for Listeria monocytogenes in a simulated comminuted, non-cured cooked pork product and simultaneously determine the kinetic parameters using a combination of dynamic and isothermal growth curves. Growth studies were conducted using a cocktail of 5 strains of L. monocytogenes in cooked pork under both dynamic and isothermal temperature profiles designed to examine the effect of temperature on bacterial growth. A direct kinetic analysis method was used to construct the growth models and determine the kinetic parameters. The bacterial growth was simulated by a set of differential equations, and the temperature effect was evaluated by the cardinal parameters model. A numerical analysis and optimization method was used to simultaneously solve the different equations and search for the best fits of kinetic parameters for the growth curves and models. The estimated minimum, optimum, and maximum growth temperatures were 0, 33.0, and 42.6 °C, matching well with typical growth characteristics of this microorganism. The root-mean-square error (RMSE) of curve-fitting was 0.42 log CFU/g. The growth models and kinetic parameters were validated using both independent dynamic and isothermal growth curves to check the accuracy of the models. The results showed that the RMSE of predicted growth was 0.49 log CFU/g. The residual errors of predictions follow a Laplace distribution, with 80.3% of the residual errors falling within ±0.5 log CFU/g of the observations. This study proves that the one-step dynamic analysis with both dynamic and isothermal temperature profiles can be an effective approach for simultaneously constructing a tertiary model and determining the kinetic parameters.
Forest offsets and the California compliance market: Bringing an abstract ecosystem good to market

Abstract Improved Forest Management (IFM) projects under the California cap-and-trade market allow production of new, non-traditional commodities: forest carbon offsets. Earlier analyses have considered forest offsets generated through tree planting in the Global South, as vehicles for sustainable development. However, the California IFM program is testing offset production in new geographic and forest management contexts: with offsets produced and consumed within the US on working (timber producing) forests. With data drawn from California IFM project design documents and in-depth interviews with carbon project developers, this study traces the development, sale, and maintenance of forest offsets, in order to map access to benefits along the commodity chain. Results reveal that the cost and complexity of rendering biological services ‘real’ for market legitimacy are reducing benefits to marginal landowners, who lack needed capital, knowledge, and technology to bring offsets to market. An important insight of this study is that the state has maintained power over program participation and offset supply through control of the forest offset methodology, creating a production process largely mediated by the state, adding risk and uncertainty to market participation. Findings provide an empirical example of neoliberal nature and offer broader lessons on governance and benefit distribution for ecosystem service commodity chains.
Modeling and Measurement of Radio Propagation in Tunnel Environments

A simple radio frequency (RF) testing system that can be conveniently built and used for measuring radio propagation in tunnels is introduced. With the proposed testing system, RF power attenuation with distance in a train tunnel was measured at four frequencies (455, 915, 2450, and 5800 MHz) for both horizontal and vertical polarizations. Two analytical modeling methods—the ray tracing and modal methods—are applied to model RF propagation in the tunnel. The theoretical predictions based on both methods are compared to field measurements and find good agreement.
Effect of metal and dielectric environments on emission kinetics of HITC dye(Conference Presentation)

We study the influence of metallic and dielectric films as well as lamellar multilayered stacks on the emission kinetics of Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) polymer doped with HITC dye at various concentrations. The two factors affecting the emission kinetics are the Purcell enhancement and self-quenching, which is particularly strong at high dye concentrations. Both effects are modified in different ways in the vicinity of metal/dielectric substrates) and appear to interfere with each other. The detailed account of the experimental results and analysis will be presented at the conference.
Displaying Garbage: Installations as Spaces of Domination and Resistance

Contemporary artistic installations presenting the detritus of everyday life are an increasingly popular method of raising awareness of what we produce, consume, and throw away. As social critique,...
Proximal Fifth Metatarsal Fracture

Various common injuries in the foot and ankle are investigated in this section. Significant attention is paid not only to proper diagnostic examination and imaging, but also to optimal nonoperative and operative treatment options to manage these conditions.
IDH1 mutation status and outcome in clinical trials for recurrent glioblastoma.

2073 Background: IDH1 mutated glioblastoma (GB) has a better prognosis than IDH1 wildtype GB. Clinical trials for recurrent GB currently do not stratify patients (pts) based upon IDH status. It is not known if pts with IDH1 mutated GB on clinical trials are more likely to have a higher 6-month progression free survival (PFS6) or radiographic response (RR) rate. Methods: A retrospective review of GB pts treated at MD Anderson Cancer Center between 2006-2012 identified 330 pts enrolled in recurrent GB trials. 93 pts (28%) either had PFS6 or a complete or partial RR per RANO criteria. 49/93(53%) pts with PFS6 or a complete or partial RR were found to have tumor tissue available for IDH1 testing. A matched cohort of pts on the same recurrent GB clinical trials with tissue for IDH1 testing but no PFS6 or RR was identified based on the specific clinical trial, age and KPS. 49 pts were identified for comparison resulting in a total of 98 patients. Results: IDH1 status was obtained in 92 (94%) pts of which 17 (18...
Pacinian Signals Determine the Direction and Magnitude of the Effect of Vibration on Pain.

Although the ability of vibration to reduce pain has been extensively documented, an occasional participant reports that vibration increases pain. For pain patients, such reports may reflect pathop...
Improving adhesive joint design using fracture mechanics

Abstract This chapter provides an overview of applications of fracture mechanics to the design of adhesive joints, establishing the relative merits of fracture over more traditional strength-based design approaches and reviewing some of the design approaches that have been used to incorporate fracture mechanics into design. applications for predicting critical and subcritical fracture are discussed, including the effects of fatigue, environments and viscoelastic behavior. insights into the effects of mode mixity and the resulting locus of failure are discussed, illustrating the importance of characterizing failure envelopes across a range of fracture mode mixities. The effects of rate and temperature are reviewed in relation to viscoelastic adhesives, suggesting that underlying molecular mobility as measured in dynamic mechanical analysis tests can provide useful insights into fracture of adhesives and bonded joints. Finally, a review of several numerical approaches for analyzing structural components for fracture-based design are discussed.
Probabilistic diagnosis using a reformulation of the INTERNIST-1/QMR knowledge base. I. The probabilistic model and inference algorithms.

Probabilistic diagnosis using a reformulation of the INTERNIST-1/QMR knowledge base. I. The probabilistic model and inference algorithms. -
Use of Mobile Devices for English Language Learner Students in the United States: A Research Synthesis

Mobile devices have become widely used in K-12 education settings for teaching diverse students. We comprehensively reviewed 11 studies published between 2005 and 2016 that examined the use of mobi...
Predicting gross domestic product using autoregressive models

In this paper, we discuss various economic indicators and the theory of predicting them using autoregressive models. We then construct a VAR(4) model (vector autoregressive model of order 4) on a small selection of indicators to predict Gross Domestic Product. The predicted result of this model matches historical GDP data well and predicts consistent future growth.
Imaging in children with unilateral ureteropelvic junction obstruction: time to reduce investigations?

The objective of the study was the development of an abridged risk-stratified imaging algorithm for the management of children with unilateral ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO). Data on timing, frequency and duration of diagnostic imaging in children with unilateral UPJO was extracted retrospectively. Based on these findings, an abridged imaging algorithm was developed without changing the intended management by the clinicians and the outcome of the individual patient. The potential reduction of imaging studies was analysed and stratified by risk and management groups. The reduction in imaging studies, seen for ultrasound (US) and functional imaging (FI), was 45% each. On average, this is equivalent to 3 US and 1 FI studies less for every patient within the study period. The change was more pronounced in the low-risk groups. Progression of UPJO never occurred after 2 years of age and all secondary surgeries were carried out until the age of 3. Conclusions: Although our findings need to be validated by further prospective research, the developed imaging algorithm represents a risk-stratified approach towards less imaging studies in children with unilateral UPJO, and a follow-up beyond 3 years of age should be considered only in selected cases at the discretion of the clinician.
ECONOMIC DESIGN OF AN X CONTROL CHART.

A computer program for the optimal economic design of an X control chart is presented. A single assignable cause system is assumed, where the mean time between process shifts is an exponentially distributed random variable. Given fixed and variable sampling costs, the costs of investigating action signals, the penalty cost of production in the out-of-control state, and other parameters describing process performance, the program finds the sample size, control limit width and interval between samples that minimize the expected total costs per unit time.
Use of cloud radar Doppler spectra to evaluate stratocumulus drizzle size distributions in large-eddy simulations with size-resolved microphysics.

AbstractA case study of persistent stratocumulus over the Azores is simulated using two independent large-eddy simulation (LES) models with bin microphysics, and forward-simulated cloud radar Doppler moments and spectra are compared with observations. Neither model is able to reproduce the monotonic increase of downward mean Doppler velocity with increasing reflectivity that is observed under a variety of conditions, but for differing reasons. To a varying degree, both models also exhibit a tendency to produce too many of the largest droplets, leading to excessive skewness in Doppler velocity distributions, especially below cloud base. Excessive skewness appears to be associated with an insufficiently sharp reduction in droplet number concentration at diameters larger than ~200 μm, where a pronounced shoulder is found for in situ observations and a sharp reduction in reflectivity size distribution is associated with relatively narrow observed Doppler spectra. Effectively using LES with bin microphysics to...
Is Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for a Neonate Ever Ethically Obligatory

Certain interventions in the neonatal intensive care unit are considered ethically obligatory, and should be provided over parental objections. After reviewing a case, comparative outcome data, and relevant ethical principles, we propose that extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for meconium aspiration syndrome may, in some cases, be an ethically obligatory treatment.
Metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma causing Cushing's syndrome. ACTH secretion by metastases 3 years after resection of nonfunctioning primary cancer.

Conclusion Following resection of a nonfunctioning neuroendocrine carcinoma of the pancreas, subsequent metastases, in the absence of a primary cancer (resected), developed the capacity to secrete ACTH and create the Cushing syndrome.
Staff Training and Consultation

The precise implementation of behavioral programs in the psychiatric setting is dependent primarily on the technical expertise of a variety of paraprofessionals and professionals, such as nursing assistants, mental health workers (usually B.A. level personnel), psychiatric nurses, and social workers. Irrespective of the particular setting in which a behavioral program is introduced (i. e., a state hospital, a mental health center, a university hospital, a Veterans Administration Hospital, or a general hospital), the aforementioned staff have literally “life-and-death” powers over its success or failure. Many a naive behavior therapist, although well trained and certainly well intentioned, has failed in his or her attempts either to implement a behavioral program from scratch or to replace an existing program with one behaviorally oriented. In both cases, failure can usually be traced to poor administrative support and staff resistance. Staff resistance is undoubtedly a result of inadequate preparation, the contrasting (and often covert) goals of the staff and the program initiator, incomplete training of the staff, and ineffective staff consultation once the program has been established.
Relative Performance Evaluation: Does Reducing Exposure to Common Risks Provide Performance Benefits in Multi-period Settings?

Extant research suggests relative performance evaluation increases performance in single-period settings. The principal mechanism for this increase is relative performance evaluation’s ability to reduce exposure to common risks. However, I predict that in multi-period settings this reduction in exposure to common risks will not increase performance. In a laboratory experiment, I isolate the performance effects of reducing common risks and find that the benefits do not persist in multi-period settings. This occurs because individuals who fail in the current period attribute that failure to reasons they believe are more likely to affect future periods. Thus, they lower their expectancy. Expectancy’s positive correlation with future period effort and performance means that future period performance does not increase for individuals who fail in the current period. These findings suggest that we focus attempts to improve the multi-period performance effectiveness of relative performance evaluation on its other benefits.
TREATMENT OF FROSTBITE TODAY.

One of the surprising characteristics of frostbite is the large amount of tissue that can be saved—even when the hand or foot seems hopelessly frozen. The best chance of preventing crippling tissue loss comes when you are lucky enough to see the patient while the tissue is still frozen and can be rewarmed rapidly. Unfortunately, he is more apt to be seen first by someone not familiar with rapid rewarming, since it only recently became the accepted treatment for frostbite. Much of what we now know about frostbite was learned during wartime. During military campaigns, frostbite and the clinically similar immersion foot (which results when the foot is immersed in water for long periods) have reached epidemic proportions. Although immersion foot is uncommon among civilians, frostbite is still a problem in all but the southernmost parts of the United States. In five years, 54 frostbite victims have been hospitalized at Colorado General Hospital and Denver V.A. Hospital.
A Sandwich Standard Error Estimator for Exploratory Factor Analysis With Nonnormal Data and Imperfect Models.

This article is concerned with standard errors (SEs) and confidence intervals (CIs) for exploratory factor analysis (EFA) in different situations. The authors adapt a sandwich SE estimator for EFA ...