cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Wavelength-dependent backscattering measurements for quantitative real-time detection of apoptosis in living cells

Our goal is to demonstrate the use of in vitro elastic scattering spectroscopy (ESS) to monitor changes in light-scattering properties of cells due to apoptotic micro-morphology changes. We developed an instrument capable of wavelength-resolved ESS measurements from cell cultures in the backward direction along with an algorithm to extract the size distribution of scatterers in the sample using Mie theory. CHO cells were cultured to confluence on plates and were rendered apoptotic with 2μM staurosporine. Backscattering measurements were performed on pairs of treated and control samples at times up to 6 hours post treatment. Initial results indicate that ESS is capable of discriminating between treated and control samples as early as 15 minutes post treatment. Extracted size distributions from treated and control samples show an increase in the number of small particles with a corresponding decrease in larger particles after treatment. This is consistent with expected morphological changes during apoptosis, and work continues to correlate these size distributions with underlying morphology.
Communicative Experiences of Military Youth During a Parent’s Return Home from Deployment

The return home of a service member from tour of duty can be stressful for military families (Bowling & Sherman, 2008), but surprisingly little is known about how military youth communicatively experience a parent’s homecoming (MacDermid Wadsworth, 2010). This study draws on the emotional cycle of deployment model (Pincus, House, Christenson, & Adler, 2001) to examine the reunion period in military youth’s own words. Individual interviews were conducted with 31 military youth (age range = 10 to 13 years old). Participants identified four changes to family life (RQ1), including spending time together, experiencing emotional tranquility, returning to patterns in place before deployment, and having difficulty reintegrating the service member into everyday routines. Some military youth reported that the reunion matched their expectations (RQ2), but others noted that the reunion fell short of their expectations or that they did not expect the returning service member to be so tired or so irritable. Participant...
Lithographically induced self-construction of polymer microstructures for resistless patterning

We have discovered and developed a method that can directly pattern polymer microstructures of arbitrary shapes without using a resist, exposure, chemical development, and etching. A mask with protruded patterns is placed a distance above an initially flat polymer film cast on a substrate. During a heating cycle that raises the temperature above the polymer’s glass transition temperature and then cooled back to the room temperature, we found that the polymer was attracted to the mask protrusions on their own, forming the mesas that have a lateral dimension identical to that of the mask protrusions, a height equal to the distance between the mask and the substrate, and a relatively steep sidewall. The method, termed lithographically induced self-construction, is important to the fabrication of polymer electronic and optoelectronic devices.
Incremental change in object-oriented programming

Incremental change adds new functionality and new properties to software. We concentrate on IC in the context of object-oriented Java programs and study selected IC activities. Because change requests are formulated in terms of program concepts - chunks of knowledge about the program and application domain - the resulting IC activities also focus on program concepts. Moreover, most change requests originate from the end user, so the end user's view of the program is the source of most concepts that govern IC. Additional concepts might originate from other programmers and deal with the program architecture or algorithms. Program dependencies also play a crucial role in IC; if a program component changes, other dependent components might also have to change. This is true even for well-designed object-oriented programs, as our example demonstrates.
Proposed deep underground facility could provide key research opportunities

A proposed laboratory and observatory in the deep sub-surface could provide an unprecedented opportunity to conduct a broad range of Earth science research, according to geoscientists attending a mid-September meeting in Washington, D.C. Although neutrino and physics research are the current driving forces behind efforts to establish a U.S. national underground science laboratory (NUSL), the Earth sciences also could have a significant role in any such facility, they noted.
Supply Chain M anagement and Its Impact on Purchasing

SUMMARY The term “supply chain management” has been used to denote the integration of logistics and physical distribution activities by wholesalers and retailers and manufacturers' efforts to effectively integrate purchasing and supply with other functions in the firm. The concept is still evolving. There is no generally accepted definition of supply chain management or general understanding of how supply chain management impacts organizational characteristics and practices. This article presents exploratory findings from a comprehensive survey regarding supply chain management. The objectives of this study were to study the impact of supply chain management on purchasing practices, to further define and develop the supply chain model from various perspectives, and to identify problems associated with supply chain management, particularly from the purchasing perspective.
Money, real output, and deficit effects of coffee booms in Colombia

Abstract This paper develops a Vector Error Correction (VEC) model and uses the recently developed technique of ‘generalized’ impulse response analysis to test the empirical relationships in the Colombian economy between coffee revenues and a set of macro variables. We find that coffee price (revenue) shocks have exerted an important influence on money growth, inflation, and real exchange rates, and the direction of these effects are in line with some of the predictions of traditional Dutch Disease type models. The major difference between our results and the results of Dutch Disease type models arise in the effects of coffee booms on real output. We find that in the time horizon of 5 years after the boom, real output has increased in response to the effects of the coffee boom. The finding that coffee booms can result in positive long-run output effects is an important finding since it contradicts the traditional conclusion of Dutch Disease type models which envision an adverse long-run effect on output. We also find that the long-run effect of coffee booms is to reduce both current account and government deficits. These results illustrate strikingly that the term “Dutch Disease” is an unfortunately pejorative term that obscures the fact that coffee booms need not be viewed as a “disease” but as an extraordinary opportunity to strengthen internal and external balances.
Trypanosoma cruzi strains partition into two groups based on the structure and function of the spliced leader RNA and rRNA gene promoters

Abstract We have previously identified a major proximal sequence element (PSE) responsible for transcription of the spliced leader (SL) gene from Trypanosama cruzi strain CL, and showed that the sequence encompassing this PSE exhibits ∼30% divergence between two major groups of T. cruzi isolates, but strong conservation within the groups. In this report, we show that the SL RNA gene promoter from the CL strain (group I) is efficiently expressed only in T. cruzi isolates from group I. Similarly, the sequence of the ∼643 bp promoter region of the T. cruzi rRNA is strongly conserved within, but diverged ∼20% between, the two groups. Reporter constructs driven by the rRNA promoter sequences from group I strains are strongly expressed after electroporation into other group I strains, but not expressed in group II strains. In contrast, constructs bearing rRNA promoter sequences from group II strains are active in strains from both groups. Phylogenetic analyses performed with both the rRNA and the SL RNA gene promoter sequences yielded similar trees, and these trees strongly reinforce the partitioning of known T. cruzi into two major groups that parallel the observed functional specificity of the promoters. Given the well-documented species specific pattern of both rRNA promoters and PSEs in higher eukaryotes, these results suggest an ancient evolutionary divergence among organisms currently classified as T. cruzi.
Electro-Optical Properties Of III-V Compound Semiconductors For Spatial Light Modulation Applications

Electroabsorption and electrorefraction properties of bulk and multiple quantum well structures made fr III-V compound semiconductor materials are discussed in this paper. The large electroabsorption that has already been observed is suitable for spatial light modulation. The potential advantages for using these structures for spatial light modulation include high speed of response and monolithic integration with detectors and electronic devices on the same chip. Variations of the electro-optical properties such as absorption wavelength birefringence. nonlinearity and speed of response as a function of structural© (1986) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Peptidomimetics derived from natural products

Although much has been written in recent years about rational drug design, no drug has been designed de novo, that is, without using a natural substrate or inhibitor or screening lead as a starting point. Instead, as we have seen, medicinal chemists continue to depend upon serendipitous discovery of novel biological activities and novel chemical entities for structures on which to begin work. What rational drug design really means at present is rational drug discovery and rational optimization. These result from the application of modern structural and mechanistic biochemistry, and good synthetic chemistry, to obtain structures with the desired spectrum of biological activities. Traditionally, lead compounds were discovered in plant and animal extracts, and more recently in microorganisms and chemical libraries. These traditional approaches continue, but are augmented by advances in molecular biology, which now provide pure proteins in quantity for screening and structure determination, as well as for characterization by modern biophysical methods. Remarkably, x-ray and NMR methods can now provide the most important information needed to design new drugs, that is, the conformations of ligands bound to target proteins. Approaches to identifying possible ligands based only on the knowledge of the enzyme active site are being developed. Some of these, such as CAVEAT, have been recently reviewed. In spite of these impressive gains, de novo design of new drugs will not be achieved until we learn how to logically build specific inhibitors of a target enzyme knowing only the protein sequence of the enzyme or the amino acid sequence of the messenger substances. We have a long way to go, because by this very rigorous definition, even the successful design of a new nonpeptide drug beginning with enzyme-ligand NMR or x-ray structure constitutes rational optimization. However, as this article has illustrated, we have made great progress. Some of the current and futuristic approaches to drug design are shown in Fig. 8. Development of useful enzyme inhibitors, designed by knowing the enzyme catalytic mechanism or discovered by screening for natural inhibitors, is a very successful rational method. Discovery of receptor antagonists by screening protocols is also productive.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Schützenberger's Jeu de Taquin and Plane Partitions

We modify Schutzenberger's “jeu de taquin” and Knuth's generalization DELETE of the Robinson?Schensted correspondence to apply to unrestricted rather than just column-strict plane partitions. The “jeu de taquin,” DELETE, their modifications, and the Hillman?Grassl mapping are essentially equivalent. We extend the combinatorial methods of Bender and Knuth to give an extension of an elegant, unpublished result of Stanley. Our main result is equivalent to the evaluation of the generating function for column-strict plane partitions of fixed shape with parts less than or equal tom. We prove MacMahon's “box” theorem and give a generating function for plane partitions with parts less than or equal tomand the parts below rowrform a column-strict plane partition with at mostccolumns.
Novel Figurative Language and Patient Experiencing in Psychodynamic Therapy

Clinical and theoretical literature suggests that novel figures of speech are specially disposed both to uses that advance therapeutic progress (e.g., by facilitating a patient's and/or therapist's effort to verbalize inchoate aspects of the patient's experience) and to uses that block it (e.g., by allowing patient and/or therapist to avoid direct discussion of difficult material). However, the value of studying novel figures is a matter of some dispute in the research literature, perhaps because previous studies have focused mainly on their potential to advance therapeutic progress. In a sample of three sessions from each of seven psychodynamic therapy dyads, novel figures followed periods in which ratings on the Patient Experiencing Scale (EXP; Klein, Mathieu, Gendlin, & Kiesler, 1969) were significantly elevated from within-session baselines, and preceded periods in which EXP dropped significantly below baselines. Novel figures sometimes accompanied increasing EXP, but most often coincided with decreas...
Christopher B. Chapp. Religious Rhetoric and American Politics: The Endurance of Civil Religion in American Electoral Campaigns. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. 2012. 173 pp. $39.95 (cloth).

Religion matters in U.S. politics, and has increasingly come to assume an important role in American electoral politics. Indeed, the concept of the �God Gap,� in which religiosity is a stable source of partisan identification and vote choice, has become something of a cliche in both journalistic and academic circles. That said, there does seem to be a paucity of studies in which the electoral effects of religion are considered as variables, which differ across candidates and political contexts. To illustrate, I have often been intrigued by the fact that recent Republican presidents have been members of mainstream denominations (Reagan as a Disciple of Christ, George H. W. Bush as an Episcopalian, and George W. Bush as a Methodist) who were conversant in the vernacular of evangelicalism. By contrast, GOP candidates who are identified with narrower traditions (e.g., Rick Santorum, Pat Robertson) have been considerably less successful. In Religious Rhetoric and American Politics, Christopher Chapp addresses the variable nature of religious values (in particular, religious rhetoric) in a more systematic fashion. Chapp�s main argument is quite simple: There exist three approaches to religion that political candidates may take. Candidates may choose to emphasize the values of �civil religion,� which involves the use �
«Effect of loading mode on the cyclic response and the associated substructure of polycrystalline copper in the high-cycle regime»

Studies on the influence of loading mode on the cyclic response of small-grained polycrystalline copper and the associated dislocation structures have been carried out in the high-cycle regime. It is found that the saturation behaviour under constant load control, for two sets of specimens, with and without initial ramp-loading, exhibits strong differences in the “intermediate” range of stress amplitudes, i.e., between 70 and 98 MPa. Within this range the ramp-loading mode promotes a gradual substructure evolution which leads to localization of slip in primary systems and formation of persistent slip bands (PSBs), whereas conventional loading leads to the formation of elongated cells and multiple sets of wall structures (e.g., labyrinth structure), both intimately associated with multiple slip conditions. At low stress amplitudes observed differences in the plastic strain amplitudes obtained at saturation, as an effect of different loading modes, are relatively small and related to equally small differences in the uniformity and homogeneity, from grain to grain, of the dislocation structures associated with that stage. At high stress amplitudes equiaxed cell structures are promoted under both loading modes, the deformation is homogenized, and the cyclic response as a function of loading mode shows no differences.
Application service providers: issues and challenges

The distributed corporate networking technology environments of the 1970s and 1980s are gaining new life, only this time the move toward distributed networks is being led by upstart application service providers (ASPs). Organizations of the twenty‐first century are going to be Web‐centric and focus their objectives on agility and cost savings. Pressure to reduce overhead in information technology (IT) pushes these organizations to consider outsourcing. With the use of Internet technology, a new alternative for IT outsourcing has evolved. ASPs allow companies to access and run software applications over the Internet on a subscription basis. By using the Web as an application platform, an enterprise can quickly and easily deploy new systems in response to market changes as well as reap the savings of using a single, standard platform. Recently, there has been a tremendous growth in the number of ASPs. This growth in ASPs has raised several issues and challenges that need to be resolved to realize the potential benefits of ASPs. Discusses the developments in ASPs, outlines the activities of various kinds of ASPs, describes the ASP business models, and examines the issues and challenges facing ASPs for their future success.
The Role of Computer-Mediated Communication: A Look at Methods for Delivering and Facilitating Training in Academic and Organizational Settings

The use of information technology to enhance classroom learning and deliver corporate training is the latest trend and focus of much research in the computer-mediated communication CMC and development industry. Technological advances continue to alter the various ways in which academic and organizational training is facilitated and conducted. This paper presents a review of the available literature and trends in CMC, specifically, CMC's theoretical approaches, types/roles, benefits/disadvantages, and contributions to academic institutions and corporate organizations. The authors also provide a discussion of future trends and implications in this subject.
Mercury-induced reversible increase in 2,3-diphosphoglycerate phosphatase and concomitant decrease in mutase activity of animal phosphoglycerate mutases.

Abstract A reversible transformation induced by HgCl2 of phosphoglycerate mutase (EC 2.7.5.3) into 2,3-diphosphoglycerate phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.13) has been discovered and is documented. Maximum effects are obtained at pH 7 and above and at 3 mM Hg2−. The interconversion occurs with all animal phosphoglycerate mutases tested, i.e. chicken breast, rabbit muscle and pig heart. All these phosphoglycerate mutases contain SH groups and require 2,3-diphosphoglycerate. Interconversion does not occur with yeast phosphoglycerate mutase which contains no SH groups. Also the phosphoglycerate mutases which are non-2,3-diphosphoglycerate dependent (EC 5.4.2.1) are neither inhibited nor the 2,3-diphosphoglycerate phosphatase activity increased with SH reagents. This reversible Hg2+-induced phosphoglycerate mutase-2,3-diphosphoglycerate phosphatase interconversion is not carried out by other heavy metals such as Cd2+ and Pb2+ nor by organic mercurials such as p- hydroxymercuribenzoate and p- chloromercuribenzene sulfonate which are believed to be more specific for mercaptide formation than HgCl2; indeed N- ethylmaleimide cannot convert the phosphoglycerate mutase into a 2,3-diphosphoglycerate phosphatase. The Hg2+-induced reversible phosphoglycerate mutase-2,3-diphosphoglycerate phosphatase transformation does not entail changes in quaternary structure of the protein as shown by ultracentrifuge measurements. However, Hg2+ seems to modify the tertiary structure as shown by spectropolarimetric and fluorimetric measurements. Mercury modifies the active site sufficiently so that the Michaelis constant for 2,3-diphosphoglycerate decreases for the phosphoglycerate mutase and increases for the 2,3-diphosphoglycerate phosphatase.
On transformation of interactive proofs that preserve the prover's complexity

Goldwasser and Sipser [GS89] proved that every interactive proof system can be transformed into a public-coin one (a.k.a., an Arthur–Merlin game). Their transformation has the drawback that the computational complexity of the prover’s strategy is not preserved. We show that this is inherent, by proving that the same must be true of any transformation which only uses the original prover and verifier strategies as “black boxes.” Our negative result holds even if the original proof system is restricted to be honest-verifier perfect zero knowledge and the transformation can also use the simulator as a black box. We also examine a similar deficiency in a transformation of Furer et al. [FGM+89] from interactive proofs to ones with perfect completeness. We argue that the increase in prover complexity incurred by their transformation is necessary, given that their construction is a black-box transformation which works regardless of the verifier’s computational complexity.
Prostaglandin levels and renin activity in renal venous blood of patients with renal hypertension

Abstract In view of the possible role of prostaglandins /PG/ in the pathogenesis of hypertension we have detrmined PGE2 and PGF2α levels simultaneously with plasma renin activity/PRA/ in renal venous and caval venous blood in 13 patients with unilateral renal artery stenosis/RAS/ and in six untreated patients with unilateral parenchymal renal disease/PRD/. Four patients with essential hypertension were the control group. PG levels and PRA were estimated by RIA. In patients with RAS the mean PGE2 level as well as PRA was higher on the side of the stenosis. No such difference was found in the PGF2α level. There was a significant correlation between the renal vein PGE2 ratio and renin ratio /stenotic side versus contralateral side/ r=0,520,0,02
Inhibition of transcriptional regulator Yin-Yang-1 by association with c-Myc

Yin-Yang-1 (YY1) regulates the transcription of many genes, including the oncogenes c-fos and c-myc. Depending on the context, YY1 acts as a transcriptional repressor, a transcriptional activator, or a transcriptional initiator. The yeast two-hybrid system was used to screen a human complementary DNA (cDNA) library for proteins that associate with YY1, and a c-myc cDNA was isolated. Affinity chromatography confirmed that YY1 associates with c-Myc but not with Max. In cotransfections, c-Myc inhibits both the repressor and the activator functions of YY1, which suggests that one way c-Myc acts is by modulating the activity of YY1.
Enhanced electrochemical expansion of graphite for in situ electrochemical functionalization.

An all electrochemical route to functionalized graphene directly from a graphite electrode is described herein obviating the need for defect inducing oxidative or prolonged sonication treatments. Enhanced electrochemical expansion of graphite is achieved by sequential treatment, beginning with the established method of expansion by electrolysis in a Li+ containing electrolyte, and then with the much larger tetra-n-butylammonium. The result is a hyperexpansion of the graphite basal planes. As a demonstration of the utility of this method, we successfully performed a subsequent in situ electrochemical diazonium functionalization of the hyperexpanded graphite basal planes to give functional graphene sheets. This potential controlled process is more effective than chemical processes and also provides a means of controlling the degree of functionalization. We have further demonstrated that the functionalized graphene could be converted to a pristine low defect form via laser ablation of the funtional groups. A...
Piperazine scaffolds via isocyanide-based multicomponent reactions

Piperazine scaffolds are amongst the most extensively used backbones in medicinal chemistry and many bioactive compounds are built upon this template. The physicochemical properties and the three-dimensional structures of the different piperazine chemotypes are of utmost importance to understanding its biological activities. Knowing the synthetic access to this chemical space of piperazines is of great importance to designing compounds with better properties. Isocyanide-based multicomponent reactions (IMCRs)allow for the truly convergent and efficient access to not less than 35 different piperazine derived scaffolds. These are reviewed, and their scopes and limitations are discussed. 1 Piperazine Scaffolds in Chemistry and Medicine 2 Chemical Space of Piperazines via Isocyanide-Based Multicomponent Reactions 3 Monocyclic Piperazines 3.1 Piperazine 3.2 Ketopiperazine 3.3 2,5-Diketopiperazine 3.4 2,6-Diketopiperazine 4 Bicyclic Fused Piperazines 5 Polycyclic Fused Piperazines 6 Introduction of the Piperazine Moiety via a Starting Material 7 Conclusions and Outlook. © 2010 Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart New York.
The effects of mean atmospheric forcings of the stable atmospheric boundary layer on wind turbine wake

Interactions between the nocturnal atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) and wind turbines (WTs) can be complicated due to the presence of low level jets (LLJ), a region which creates wind speeds higher than geostrophic wind speed. A study has been performed to isolate the effect of mean forcings of the ABL on turbulence energetics and structures in the wake of WT. Large eddy simulation with an actuator line model has been used as a tool to simulate a full-scale 5-MW WT under two different realistic atmospheric states of the stable ABL corresponding to low- and high-stratification. The study clearly demonstrates that the large-scale forcings of thermally stratified atmospheric boundary characterized by shear- and buoyancy-driven turbulence significantly influence the wake structure of a wind turbine. For the WT in low-stratified ABL, the jets occur above the WT resulting in a strong mixed layer behind the WT. High turbulence results in a faster wake recovery. For the WT in high-stratified ABL, the jets occur near the hub-height resulting in an asymmetric wake structure. The jets confine the mixing to hub-height resulting in a slower wake recovery. Vertical shear causes the interaction of the root- and lower-tip vortices resulting in the instability of the root vortex leading to an enhanced shear stress and turbulent kinetic energy. The tip vortices exhibit mutual inductance between adjacent vortex filaments resulting in vortex merging. LLJs are an important metric associated with mean atmospheric forcings that dictate the turbulence generated in WT wake and the wake recovery of a WT in a stable ABL.
Fine structure of the tegument of Mesocestoides lineatus tetrathyridia (Cestoda:Cyclophyllidea)

Abstract Conn D. B. 1988. Fine structure of the tegument of Mesocestoides lineatus tetrathyridia (Cestoda:Cyclophyllidea). International Journal for Parasitology 18 : 133–135. The tegumental fine structure of non-proliferative Mesocestoides lineatus tetrathyridia was studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The tegument was similar to that of the asexually proliferative strain of Mesocestoides corti tetrathyridia studied by previous authors, but cytons of the rostellar region were uninucleate and were connected to the distal cytoplasm by thin internuncial processes, thus resembling the tegumental cytons of other body regions. Absence of an apical massif in the rostellum of M. lineatus , such as that described earlier for asexual M. corti , supports the hypothesis that the massif is involved with asexual proliferation in the latter species.
Metabolism of carbon tetrachloride to electrophilic chlorine by liver microsomes: Exclusion of cytochrome P-450 catalyzed chloroperoxidase reaction

Abstract In this report, we have examined the origin of the electrophilic chlorine formed during the microsomal metabolism of carbon tetrachloride and the possibility that liver microsomal proteins catalyze chloroperoxidase or myeloperoxidase halogenation reactions. Studies with stable isotopes of chlorine show that at least 99% of the trapped chlorine originated from carbon tetrachloride. When hydrogen peroxide or cumene hydroperoxide was added to liver microsomes in the presence of chloride ion, no trapped chlorine was observed. Thus, cytochrome P-450 does not catalyze chloroperoxidase type chloride ion oxidation but instead catalyzes a reaction leading to cleavage of a carbon-chlorine bond with concomitant chlorine atom oxidation.
Secular variations in seawater chemistry as a control on the chemistry of basinal brines: test of the hypothesis

The hypothesis that basinal brines inherited their major ion chemistries and elevated salinities from evaporated paleoseawaters is tested by comparing the compositions of basinal brines in Silurian (Michigan basin, Illinois basin, Appalachian basin in eastern Ohio) and Jurassic ⁄ Cretaceous (Central Mississippi Salt Dome basin, Arkansas shelf, and south-central Texas) host rocks, when the world oceans were ‘CaCl2 seas’, with those from Permian and Pennsylvanian rocks (Palo Duro basin, Central Basin Platform, and Delaware basin, Texas and New Mexico) when the world oceans were ‘MgSO4 seas’. Basinal brines examined are assumed to have originally formed from evaporation of the same seawaters that produced major evaporites. Sulfate, Mg and K levels in basinal brines are below the concentrations expected from evaporation of seawater of any type, which emphasizes the importance of diagenetic mineral–brine interactions in controlling basinal brine chemistry. There are no major differences in SO4, Mg and K concentrations between basinal brines hosted by rocks originally formed during ages when the world oceans were MgSO4 seas versus CaCl2 seas. Basinal brines in Pennsylvanian–Permian rocks are compositionally distinct (relatively high Na and low Ca) from basinal brines in Silurian, Jurassic and Cretaceous host rocks, which may reflect original differences in seawater chemistry. Basinal brines enriched in Ca and depleted in Na relative to evaporated seawater of any type have traditionally been interpreted to form by albitization of plagioclase feldspar. A new explanation for Ca enrichment and Na depletion of basinal brines is the mixing of evaporated CaCl2-type seawater with more dilute water. Some basinal brines are similar in major ion composition to evaporated seawater of a particular age, for example basinal brines in the Cretaceous Edwards Group carbonates, Texas, where dolomitization is the only reaction required to convert evaporated Mesozoic CaCl2 seawater into Edwards Group brine.
Mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis testes in a stallion

Summary Scrotal enlargement is a problem in stallions that often leads to poor semen quality. Although there are many causes for scrotal enlargement, testicular neoplasia is often high on the differential list, especially in an aged stallion. This case report describes a stallion with scrotal enlargement caused by a rare neoplasia located in the tunica vaginalis, and not in the testicular parenchyma. Diagnosis of mesothelioma was made following hemicastration. Prognosis in other species is variable, but this stallion returned to his successful breeding career following treatment and has remained healthy one year following the diagnosis.
Abnormal movements in sleep as a post-polio sequelae

Nearly two-thirds of polio survivors report abnormal movements in sleep, with 52% reporting that their sleep is disturbed by these movements. Sleep studies were performed in seven polio survivors to document objectively abnormal movements in sleep. Two patients demonstrated generalized random myoclonus, with brief contractions and even ballistic movements of the arms and legs, slow repeated grasping movements of the hands, slow flexion of the arms, and contraction of the shoulder and pectoral muscles. Two other patients demonstrated periodic movements in sleep with muscle contractions and ballistic movements of the legs, two had periodic movements in sleep plus restless legs syndrome, and one had sleep starts involving only contraction of the arm muscles. Abnormal movements in sleep occurred in Stage II sleep in all patients, in Stage I in some patients, and could significantly disturb sleep architecture even though patients were totally unaware of muscle contractions. Poliovirus-induced damage to the spinal cord and brain is presented as a possible cause of abnormal movements in sleep. The diagnosis of post-polio fatigue, evaluation of abnormal movements in sleep, and management of abnormal movements in sleep using benzodiazepines or dopamimetic agents are described.
The Search for Higher Symmetry in String Theory

Some remarks are made about the nature and role of the search for higher symmetry in string theory. These symmetries are most likely to be uncovered in a mysterious ‘unbroken phase’, for which (2+ 1)-dimensional gravity provides an interesting and soluble model. New insights about conformal field theory, in which one gets ‘out of flatland’ to see a wider symmetry from a higher-dimensional vantage point, may offer clues to the unbroken phase of string theory
Restenosis following successful balloon valvuloplasty: bone formation in aortic valve leaflets.

Restenosis after balloon aortic valvuloplasty is common, occurring in as many as half or more of patients in the first year. To gain understanding of the mechanisms of restenosis we examined results of second dilatations and the histology of restenosed valves excised during valve replacement for restenosis. Eleven patients with calcific aortic stenosis underwent second valvuloplasty for restenosis. The mean age was 82 ± 6 years. The interval between first and second dilatation was 14.7 ± 8.5 months. First valvuloplasty resulted in an increase in valve area from 0.63 ± 0.23 to 1.09 ± 0.32 cm2 (P<0.01). The valve area found after symptoms recurred was 0.56 ± 0.18 cm2, not significantly different from the prevalvuloplasty dimensions. Second dilatation resulted in a mean aortic valve area of 0.76 ± 0.22 cm2 (p = 0.011 vs results of first valvuloplasty). The change in valve area after first dilatation was 0.45 ± 0.17 vs 0.20 ± 0.13 cm2 after second dilatation (p<0.01). Multiple histologic sections from excised, restenosed valves from five additional patients showed zones of active capillary and cellular proliferation and fibrosis in crevices between calcific nodules in three cases. Associated foci of ossification were seen in two of these. Stenotic nonvalvuloplasty control valves (n = 19) showed no ossifications. In conclusion, histologic changes in restenosed valves differ from those seen initially in calcific aortic stenosis, with granulation tissue, fibrosis, and ossification being present. These findings may help to explain the limited results of second dilatations for restenosis. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Segmental tuberous sclerosis presenting as unilateral facial angiofibromas.

Abstract Tuberous sclerosis (TSC) is an autosomal dominant inherited disorder with cutaneous lesions of ash leaf hypopigmented macules, shagreen patches, periungual fibromas, facial angiofibromas, forehead fibrous plaques, confetti hypopigmentation, and poliosis. Multiple facial angiofibromas are a pathognomonic feature of TSC. Unilateral facial angiofibromas, however, represent a rare variant of TSC, as only 6 cases are reported in the literature. We describe a case of a 52-year-old man who presented with unilateral facial angiofibromas and poliosis without other features of TSC.
Nursing Reflections from Journaling During a Perioperative Internship

ABSTRACT • AN IMPORTANT CONCERN in nursing practice and education is the difficulties nurses experience as they transition into a new clinical area. • THIS STUDY compared the reflective journals of 26 experienced and inexperienced nurses participating in a nine-week perioperative internship. • THE STUDY examined self-regulated learning strategies used to enhance metacognitive critical thinking abilities. AORNJ 79 (January 2004) 195–218.
Going beyond competencies: An exploratory study in defining exemplary workplace learning and performance practitioners

This study was an exploratory investigation used to identify exemplary performance in four of the areas of expertise (AOEs) as described in the American Society for Training and Development's Mapping the Future: New Workplace Learning and Performance Competencies (2004). Qualitative data were collected from the following four AOEs: (1) delivering training, (2) designing learning, (3) improving human performance, and (4) measuring and evaluating. Research suggests that an exemplary performer could have productivity differences 12 times greater than performers at the bottom of the performance scale and 85% greater than an average performer (Hunter, Schmidt, & Judiesch, 1990). Critical incidents were collected from behavioral event interviews of 23 exemplary performers and 9 typical performers. An analysis of the findings suggests that an exemplary performer may hold at least four key behaviors: taking calculated risks, entrepreneurial and visionary planning, documented business performance to support and influence change, and political prudence and leadership savvy.
Oxidation-State-Dependent Reactivity and Catalytic Properties of a Rh(I) Complex Formed from a Redox-Switchable Hemilabile Ligand

The synthesis and characterization of a phosphinoalkylarene, redox-switchable hemilabile ligand (RHL), (η5-C5H5)Fe(η5-C5H4C6H4OCH2CH2PPh2) (1), are reported. This ligand, which incorporates a redox-active ferrocenyl group, exhibits oxidation-state-dependent bonding properties and, hence, affords electrochemical control over the electronic and steric environments of bound transition metal centers. Two equivalents of 1 complex to Rh(I) to yield a bis(phosphine), η6-arene complex [(η1:η6-(η5-C5H5)Fe(η5-C5H4C6H4OCH2CH2PPh2))(η1-(η5-C5H5)Fe(η5-C5H4C6H4OCH2CH2PPh2))Rh]+BF4- (2). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies of 2·1.25CH2Cl2, as well as solution spectroscopic data of 2, are consistent with this formulated piano-stool geometry. Foremost, the properties of 2 as a function of bound RHL state-of-charge are extensively investigated. Interestingly, 2D 1H NMR exchange spectroscopy (EXSY) studies demonstrate significantly faster intramolecular η6-arene, free arene exchange rates only upon oxidation of the lig...
Throughput differentiation in Data Vortex switch network

QoS in switching networks requires throughput differentiation support. In Data Vortex networks, a partially unwrapped layout is proposed to create such differentiation by leaking lower priority traffic at some angles. Network performance is reported.
The electromagnetic ion cyclotron beam anisotropy instability

Electromagnetic instabilities driven by an anisotropic, relatively cool ion beam are studied for the case in which both the beam and the instabilities propagate parallel or antiparallel to a uniform magnetic field. At modest beam-core relative drift speeds, sufficiently large perpendicular-to-parallel beam temperature ratios and sufficiently large plasma beta, the mode of fastest growth rate is the ion cyclotron beam anisotropy instability. Because the right-hand polarized waves observed upstream of slow shocks in the earth's magnetotail can lead to the appropriate beam anisotropy, the ion cyclotron instability may be present and account for the left-hand polarized magnetic waves observed there. Also, because of its relatively low phase speed, the ion cyclotron beam anisotropy instability may provide the scattering necessary for ion Fermi acceleration at slow shocks of sufficiently high plasma beta.
Employee reactivity and adaptation to observation on the job

In the course of studying police dispatchers, five observers recorded the reactions of the employees (N = 37) to their presence throughout the work shift on three separate occasions. Four major research questions were considered: (a) extent of reaction, (b) relationship between interactions with the observer and changes in employees' work activities, (c) independence of verbal and nonverbal behavioral reactions, and (d) adaptation. On average, subjects or other employees initiated 10 interactions per hour with observers. These interactions were classified as subject-initiated (a) verbal, content related to research procedures; (b) verbal, non-research-related in content; (c) nonverbal only or (d) other employee-initiated verbal comment. Interaction with the observer was not related to the amount of work the subject did. Subjects' nonverbal and verbal responses were unrelated to each other as well as to the verbal responses of other employees. A priori expectations concerning adaptation to observation were tested with a 3 × 3 (segment by day) repeated-measures factorial design. Significant adaptation (P < 0·01) occurred within and between days in subjects' comments about research procedures and all comments from other employees. However, other behaviors showed with no evidence of adaptation or actual increases. The implications of these findings for measuring reactivity and deciding when adaptation has occurred are discussed.
Acousto-Optical Multiplexing And Demultiplexing Techniques For Multigigabits/SEC Digital Laser Communication Systems

Repetitive pulse train of high peak power and very narrow pulse width from a mode-locked laser has been shown to be a viable candidate as a carrier wave for optical digital communication systems. In addition, the bit rate capacity of such a system can be increased many times by means of optical time-division multiplexing and demultiplexing. In this tutorial paper, a brief review of the optical multiplexing/demultiplexing scheme which utilizes ultrasonic standing wave Bragg cells (SUBC) is given. First, basic interaction mechanisms, working principle and modes of operation, major performance figures and design considerations, and terminal configurations for this acoustooptic scheme are described. Measured performance figures that have been obtained with some of the very high data rate multiplexers/demultiplexers using PbMo04 crystals are then discussed. This acoustooptic multiplexing/demultiplexing scheme should be highly useful for the implementation of multigigabits/sec optical space communication systems.© (1978) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The GPSTk: an open source GPS toolkit

Applied Research Laboratories, The University of Texas at Austin (ARL:UT) has established a cross platform open source software project called the GPSTk or the GPS Toolkit. The GPSTk consists of a library and collection of applications that support GPS research, analysis, and development. The code is released under the terms of the Lesser GNU Public License. The GPSTk supports a broad range of functionality. This includes reading and writing observations in standard formats, such as RINEX, BINEX, and SP3, ephemeris evaluation, position determination, receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM), atmospheric delay modeling, cycle slip detection and correction, and P-code generation. The GPSTk provides the core set of functionality that is used for GPS research and development at ARL:UT. ARL:UT has been involved with satellite navigation since Transit (the precursor to GPS) in the 1960s and is currently conducting research in a wide variety of GPS-related fields, including precise surveys, monitor station networks, and ionospheric studies. The GPSTk is a community-wide resource for all users of GPS and GNSS technology. Participation is welcomed in all areas including: bug reports, new algorithms, suggestions for improvement, and contributions of additional functionality or applications. ARL:UT continually improves the library, shepherds community participation, and is committed to the project’s development and maintenance.
The Bilingual/ESOL Curriculum Framework of the Denver Public Schools

0 Today a major concern of educators working with linguistically diverse students centers on how to address the specific academic, linguistic, cognitive, and social needs of these students on a day-to-day basis in the classroom. Unfortunately, our limited English proficient (LEP) students' needs are rarely addressed in the development of the typical, mainstream curriculum. Instead, curriculum is usually developed with the generic "average" student in the generic "average" classroom in mind. To make matters worse, the specific content and the mass of detailed objectives, lessons, procedures, and evaluations that are the product of this curriculum development process leave little room for individual teachers to interpret and/or modify the curriculum to take into account their LEP learners. With these concerns in mind, the Director and staff of the newly enlarged Bilingual/ESOL Education Program of the Denver Public Schools (DPS) set out to devise a curriculum that would provide teachers in the program with a common focus and instructional goals but that would also allow them to develop, organize, and refine their own individual methods and techniques in order to meet the specific and changing needs of the students in their classrooms. The result was a curriculum framework that (a) utilizes all four language processes (listening, speaking, reading, and writing) and the cognitive process as vehicles for promoting academic achievement; (b) is interdisciplinary, with the teacher as the overall manager, organizer, facilitator, and classroom developer of the various curricula; (c) is student centered and experience based, with students as active participants in the development and implementation of learning activities; and (d) is flexible and responsive to each student's individual learning style, language proficiency, and cognitive development.
Cross-sectional echocardiography in hypoplastic left ventricle: Echocardiographic—angiographic—anatomic correlations

Although M-mode echocardiography has become a valuable tool in the noninvasive diagnosis of hypoplastic left ventricle (HLV), it may not resolve all diagnostic uncertainty. This study compares the findings of M-mode echocardiography, cross-sectional echocardiography, and autopsy in a group of 20 infants with HLV. M-mode echocardiograms alone were obtained in eight infants; five of these children underwent cardiac catheterization, and six underwent autopsy. Cross-sectional echocardiograms were obtained in the remaining 12 infants; two of these underwent cardiac catheterization, and all 12 underwent autopsy. Cross-sectional examinations were performed with either a high-resolution mechanical sector scanner or a sequentially scanning linear array. Short-axis views were used for left ventricular size and shape and for aortic root, pulmonary artery, and ductus size; suprasternal notch views were used for imaging the aortic arch and subxiphoid views for the atrial cavities. In all 12 infants the findings from cross-sectional echocardiography closely matched those of autopsy with respect to degree of hypoplasia of the mitral valve, the left ventricular cavity, and the left ventricular outflow tract. If the diameter of a valve orifice exceeded 3 mm at autopsy, patency of the valve could be diagnosed from the cross-sectional echocardiogram. The findings when M-mode echocardiograms alone were done less closely matched the autopsy findings, and in five of the eight cardiac catheterization was judged necessary to resolve remaining diagnostic uncertainty. This study found that cross-sectional echocardiography provided an accurate noninvasive diagnosis of the spectrum of anatomy found in HLV and had fewer pitfalls than M-mode echocardiography.