cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Iatrogenic Facial Paralysis Prevention

Iatrogenic facial paralysis occurs in less than 4% of major otologic procedures. The prevention ofiatrogenic injuries involves study, training and experience. These concepts are carefully woven into residency training, fellowship and, ultimately, into peer review. The reasons for injury may be errors of omission, such as inadequate preparation for the procedure, or errors of commission, such as inadequate surgical exposure. Currently, there appear to be enough surgical cases for training pro grams and the core training of otolaryngology residents prepares them to handle most facial nerve problems. Included in this article is a more detailed description of the anatomy in and around the facial nerve, particularly in the mastoid, with suggestions on how to avoid problems and reduce injuries.
The concept of Consciousness6 : The general state meaning

Considered here is the last one of the six basic concepts of consciousness that The Oxford English Dictionary identifies in its several entries under consciousness. The referent of the sixth concept, which I call consciousness 6 , is rightly understood to be a certain general operating mode of the mind. Any psychological account of consciousness 6 must distinguish this operating mode from (a) the particular consciousness or awarenesses, i.e., the specific thoughts, feelings, perceptions, intentions, and the like (including William James's succession of total states of consciousness), that occur while the mind is so operating, and from (b) the other, alternative, general operating modes of the mind: such as those that are sometimes in force in place of consciousness 6 , when one is awake.
Socioeconomic Risk Adjustment Models for Reimbursement Are Necessary in Primary Total Joint Arthroplasty

Abstract Background Alternative payment models, such as bundled payments, aim to control rising costs for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and total hip arthroplasty (THA). Without risk adjustment for patients who may utilize more resources, concerns exist about patient selection and access to care. The purpose of this study was to determine whether lower socioeconomic status (SES) was associated with increased resource utilization following TKA and THA. Methods Using the Michigan Arthroplasty Registry Collaborative Quality Initiative database, we reviewed a consecutive series of 4168 primary TKA and THA patients over a 3-year period. We defined lowest SES based upon the median household income of the patient's ZIP code. Demographics, medical comorbidities, length of stay, discharge destination, and readmission rates were compared between patients of lowest SES and higher SES. Results Patients in the lowest SES group had a longer hospital length of stay (2.79 vs 2.22 days, P P P = .002) than the higher SES group. Multivariate analysis revealed that lowest SES was an independent risk factor for all 3 outcome variables (all P Conclusion Patients in the lowest SES group utilize more resources in the 90-day postoperative period. Therefore, risk adjustment models, including SES, may be necessary to fairly compensate hospitals and surgeons and to avoid potential problems with access to joint arthroplasty care.
Colloidal Nanoantennas for Hyperspectral Chemical Mapping

Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy enables access to chemical information with nanoscale spatial resolution and single-molecule sensitivities by utilizing optical probes that are capable of confining light to subwavelength dimensions. Because the probes themselves possess nanoscale features, they are notoriously difficult to fabricate, and more critically, can result in poor reproducibility. Here, we demonstrate high-performance, predictable, and readily tunable nanospectroscopy probes that are fabricated by self-assembly. Shaped metal nanoparticles are organized into dense layers and deposited onto scanning probe tips. When coupled to a metal surface, these probes behave like nanoantenna by supporting a strong optical resonance, producing dramatic Raman field enhancements in the range of 10(8)-10(9) with sub-50 nm spatial resolution. In contrast to other nanospectroscopy probes, our colloidal probes can be fabricated in a scalable fashion with a batch-to-batch reproducibility of ∼80% and serve as an important demonstration of bottom-up engineering.
Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: Xanomeline.

Xanomeline (1) is an orthosteric muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) agonist, often referred to as M1/M4-preferring, that received widespread attention for its clinical efficacy in schizophrenia and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. Despite the compound’s promising initial clinical results, dose-limiting side effects limited further clinical development. While xanomeline, and related orthosteric muscarinic agonists, have yet to receive approval from the FDA for the treatment of these CNS disorders, interest in the compound’s unique M1/M4-preferring mechanism of action is ongoing in the field of chemical neuroscience. Specifically, the promising cognitive and behavioral effects of xanomeline in both schizophrenia and AD have spurred a renewed interest in the development of safer muscarinic ligands with improved subtype selectivity for either M1 or M4. This Review will address xanomeline’s overall importance in the field of neuroscience, with a specific focus on its chemical structure and synthesis, ...
Nonlinear coherent feedback control of a non-degenerate optical parametric oscillator

We show that coherent feedback control can transfer optical nonlinearities from a single-wavelength, bistable Kerr cavity into a tunable range of wavelengths when coupled to a non-degenerate parametric oscillator under threshold.
Quality quandaries: Statistical detective work to understand the isotopic ratios in Drum 68660 and the radioactive release at WIPP

An incident at the Department of Energy's Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) in 2014 resulted in the release of radioactive material into the environment. Initially, it was known that at least one ...
OCLC Community Center

Introduced in the summer of 2015, the OCLC Community Center is designed to give librarians one place to locate and share information on various OCLC products. According to OCLC, the Community Cente...
Abstract WP30: Incorporation of Automated CT Perfusion-based Core Volume Measurement in a Prognostic Tool for Anterior Large Vessel Occlusions: Pittsburgh Response to Endovascular Score-2 (PRE-2)

Background: Endovascular therapy (ET) benefits patients with proximal anterior large vessel occlusions (LVO) provided ischemic core volume (CV) is not large. CT ASPECTS is a surrogate of CV and alo...
O32 A randomised controlled trial investigating the effects of a 4-week ankle rehabilitation program on hopping tasks in high school athletes with chronic ankle instability

Study Design Randomised Controlled Trial. Objectives To determine effects of three ankle rehabilitation programs on hopping ability of high-school athletes with Chronic Ankle Instability (CAI). Background CAI interventions have been evaluated; however, a specific program that is most effective has not been determined. Methods and Measures Thirty-six patients with ‘giving way’ and history of ankle sprains (i.e. CAI) were randomised into four rehabilitation groups: Resistance band (RB) (n=12, 171.24±10.13 cm, 65.75±11.16 kg, 16.42±0.99 years), Biomechanical Ankle Platform System (BAPS) (n=9, 178.22±10.36 cm, 77.52±22.84 kg, 16.133±1.00 years), Combination (BAPS/RB) (n=7, 172.00±12.16 cm, 68.61±17.94 kg, 16.57±1.13 years), and Control (CON) (n=8, 171.45±11.52 cm, 71.78±25.66 kg, 16.75±0.89 years). Two tests were used to assess hopping abilities: figure-of-8-test (FET) and side-hop-test (SHT). FET required patients to hop 5-metre distance in a figure-of-8 pattern two times. SHT required patients to hop 30 centimetres medially/laterally 10 times. Hopping ability was measured in time to complete (sec). Shorter time indicated improvement. Rehabilitation programs were completed 3/week for four weeks. RB completed 3 sets of 10 repetitions of ankle dorsiflexion/plantarflexion/inversion/eversion. BAPS completed 5 sets of 40 s trials of clockwise/counterclockwise rotations, changing direction every 10 s. BAPS/RB completed both programs and CON completed no exercises. After 4 weeks, baseline measurements were repeated. Two 4 × 2 mixed-model ANOVAs were used for data analysis (α=0.05). Tukey’s HSD post-hoc tests were conducted on significant interactions. Results Main effects for time were significant for FET (p Conclusion All rehabilitation programs showed improvement from pretest to posttest with BAPS/RB showing more improvement. Each can be used to improve hopping abilities in individuals suffering from CAI.
QLIF-04. BRAIN TUMORS ASSOCIATED WITH PSYCHOGENIC NON EPILEPTIC SPELLS: CASE SERIES

Epileptic seizures (ES) are considered a main focus in assessing brain tumor treatment, yet, the role of psychogenic non epileptic spells (PNES) is known to be highly prevalent and is under-reported. In the neuro-oncology literature no cases have been well described having PNES. We present a series of five patients and identify risk factors, discuss the association of PNES with brain tumors and describe their role in brain tumor treatment. Patients were identified retrospectively from our practice with diagnosis of PNES and medical history of primary or secondary brain tumors. The diagnosis of psychogenic spells was based on history, seizure observation, routine EEG, and video-EEG. The mean age of presentation was 38 years, with a female gender predominance. The initial diagnosis of brain tumor was associated with a new onset seizure prior to diagnosis in the majority of the patients. Only one patient presented PNES alone, the rest of the patients presented both ES and PNES during the course of their disease. Most of the patients in this case series presented with mixed PNES and were treated with multiple anti-epileptic drugs (AED) prior and after PNES diagnosis. The most commonly used AED was gabapentin. All of the patients received a form of combination therapy. The preferred treatment modality was chemotherapy, followed by surgical resection. The patients manifested several distressing spells that affected their overall quality of life and required multiple medical consultations. None of these patients presented clinical evidence of tumor progression at the time of PNES presentation on imaging studies. Our findings offer a new perspective in PNES diagnosis and their involvement in brain tumor treatment along with possible prognosis implications. Further studies to analyze tumor localization or tumor behavioral patterns in association with PNES are warranted.
The anti-inflammatory effect of topical tofacitinib on immediate and late-phase cutaneous allergic reactions in dogs: a placebo-controlled pilot study.

BACKGROUND Topical Janus kinase (JAK) inhibition is a promising therapeutic target for several inflammatory skin diseases of humans. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of tofacitinib, a JAK 1/3 inhibitor, on immediate and late-phase skin reactions in dogs. ANIMALS Five healthy laboratory beagle dogs. METHODS Topical tofacitinib (total daily dosage: 0.5 mg/cm2 ) or its gel vehicle were applied on either the left or right lateral thorax of each dog for eight days. Three days before application and after eight days of topical treatment, intradermal injections of histamine and anticanine-IgE antibodies were performed on both sides; they were evaluated by an investigator blinded to the interventions. RESULTS The tofacitinib gel was well-tolerated; one dog developed mild erythema at Day 5 that resolved by the next application. Treatment with tofacitinib reduced histamine and anticanine-IgE global wheal scores (one-way ANOVA, P ≤ 0.005 for both) compared to baseline; there was no significant difference for the vehicle placebo (histamine; P = 0.163; IgE, P = 0.223). Late-phase reactions (LPRs) were markedly, but not significantly reduced after tofacitinib treatment (P = 0.071). A blinded histological evaluation of 6 h-anti-IgE-associated LPRs revealed a significant reduction in the total leucocyte superficial dermal cellularity (P = 0.022), as well as eosinophil (P = 0.022) and mast cell (P = 0.022) counts at tofacitinib-treated sides compared with pretreatment values. Post-treatment complete blood counts and serum chemistry profiles did not show relevant tofacitinib-induced changes. CONCLUSIONS Our observations suggest that topical tofacitinib exerts an inhibitory effect on activated canine skin-emigrating immune cells; this drug should be investigated further as a topical immunosuppressive drug in dogs.
Recent advances in the stereochemistry of metallotetrapyrroles

Information pertaining to the stereochemistry of metalloporphyrins and other tetrapyrroles continues to expand. The present article reviews important developments of this structural chemistry. Detailed updates on the relationship of the structure and physical properties of iron derivatives are given. Metalloporphyrins with unusually high or low oxidation states are reviewed. Surveys of recent work on π-cation radical complexes, bound O2 species, tetrapyrroles with N-substituents, the stereochemistry of ring-reduced tetrapyrroles and a variety of novel species are given. Newly developed data concerning experimental electron density studies are summarized. Detailed reviews of porphyrin-porphyrin (π-π) interactions in the solid state are given. A variety of important conformational aspects of metalloporphyrins and their consequent results on physical properties are presented. Finally, a number of isomorphous series and crystal packing effects in tetrapyrroles have been detailed.
Small-Angle Scattering of Catalysts

Solid, multicomponent, multiphase catalysts, for example platinum supported on SiO2, play an important technological and economic role. The correlations between catalytic activity and the physical and chemical properties of these materials have been the subject of many investigations (see, for instance, Treacy, Thomas &. White, 1988). From the point of view of small-angle scattering (SAS), these catalysts are favorable objects of study: contrasts are high, and the important morphological features are of a size appropriate for SAS measurements.
Aging and the Brain

In this article, we examine prominent theories of brain aging at the cellular level of analysis including the cholinergic hypothesis, oxidative stress, the calcium hypothesis, and genetic models of aging. Then, we discuss some of the age-associated changes in the vascular system and neuron numbers in the various systems of the brain. Next, common age-associated neuropathological conditions and therapeutic interventions are explained (excluding Alzheimer's disease which will be addressed in a separate article). We conclude with evidence that it may be possible to maintain a healthy brain well into advanced age.
Assessment of Attention in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Problems in Primary Care Settings

Clinical child psychologists in primary care settings are often asked to evaluate children with suspected attention and learning problems. This paper will review some of the methods and assessments available to child psychologists to enable them to perform this task. Some problems with current practice will be described and some of the newer techniques will be introduced. A research-based understanding of areas of chronic impairment of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) will be discussed, and a new approach to the assessment of both executive functions and attention will be explored. This paper will primarily explore assessment in the primary care setting.
Mechanisms of Localization and Speech Perception with Colocated and Spatially Separated Noise and Speech Maskers Under Single-Sided Deafness with a Cochlear Implant.

Objectives This study tested listeners with a cochlear implant (CI) in one ear and acoustic hearing in the other ear, to assess their ability to localize sound and to understand speech in collocated or spatially separated noise or speech maskers. Design Eight CI listeners with contralateral acoustic hearing ranging from normal hearing to moderate sensorineural hearing loss were tested. Localization accuracy was measured in five of the listeners using stimuli that emphasized the separate contributions of interaural level differences (ILDs) and interaural time differences (ITD) in the temporal envelope and/or fine structure. Sentence recognition was tested in all eight CI listeners, using collocated and spatially separated speech-shaped Gaussian noise and two-talker babble. Performance was compared with that of age-matched normal-hearing listeners via loudspeakers or via headphones with vocoder simulations of CI processing. Results Localization improved with the CI but only when high-frequency ILDs were available. Listeners experienced no additional benefit via ITDs in the stimulus envelope or fine structure using real or vocoder-simulated CIs. Speech recognition in two-talker babble improved with a CI in seven of the eight listeners when the target was located at the front and the babble was presented on the side of the acoustic-hearing ear, but otherwise showed little or no benefit of a CI. Conclusion Sound localization can be improved with a CI in cases of significant residual hearing in the contralateral ear, but only for sounds with high-frequency content, and only based on ILDs. In speech understanding, the CI contributed most when it was in the ear with the better signal to noise ratio with a speech masker.
Exact Bit Error Rate Analysis of Ambient Backscatter Systems Under Fading Channels

The success of Internet-of-Things (IoT) relies on enabling the reliable exchange of data at low-rate and low-power among billions of battery-operated energy-constrained IoT devices. Ambient backscattering, with its technological capability of simultaneous information and energy transfer is quickly emerging as an appealing solution for this communication paradigm. In this paper, we investigate the detection of binary data transmitted using ambient backscatter at a receiver tracking the channel state information (CSI) of a flat-fading Rayleigh channel, and characterize the corresponding performance in terms of the bit-error probability. A binary hypothesis testing problem is formulated for the received signal and the performance of the receiver under mean threshold (MT) detection technique is analyzed. Two main contributions of the analysis that distinguish this work from the prior art are the characterization of the average signal energy in terms of the exact conditional density functions, and the characterization of average bit error rate (BER) expression for this setup. The key challenge lies in the handling of correlation between channel gains of two hypotheses for the derivation of joint probability distribution of magnitudes of channel gains that is needed for the BER analysis.
Flow cytometry for molecular profiling of solid tumors (breast, colon and ovary cancer)

1978 Methods of determining prognosis in breast, ovary, and colon cancer includes detection of molecular markers such as the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and HER-2/neu. These markers are routinely assessed via immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Fluorescent In-situ hybridization (FISH). Flow cytometry (FC) has not yet been established for routine detection of these markers in tumors. We performed FC on cells from fourteen ovary, five breast, and four colon cancer tumors. FC was used to detect the presence of ER, PR, HER-2/neu, Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR), E-cadherin, RAS, ERK and TUJ1. Cells obtained directly from tumoral tissue were simultaneous analysized by cell cycle stage (G0, G2M, and > G2M) and presence of antigenic markers. In ovarian tumors, 7 of 14 samples demonstrated >50% of cells with her-2/neu expression in aneuploid fractions (>G2M), 9 of 14 in G2M phase, and only 2 of 14 in G0 phase. With respect to ER, 7 of 14 ovarian tumors exhibited >19% of cells in G2M and >G2M fractions, while only 1 of 14 samples had >19% at G0. The PR receptor was expressed in >19 % of cells in 8 of 14 (>G2M), 7 of 14 (G2M), and 2 of 14 (G0). In breast tumors, 4 of 5 tumors demonstrated >50% expression of HER-2/neu in G2M and >G2M cell phases, and only 2 of 5 demonstrated >50% her2neu expression in G0. Three of five tumors had >19% cellular expression of ER in the >G2M and G2M phases, while only one had >19% in G0. With PR, 3 of 5 breast tumors had >19% cellular expression in G0, G2M, and >G2M phases. In colon tumors, 2 of 4 had >50% cellular expression of her2neu in >G2M fractions, 4 of 4 in G2M, and only 1 of 4 in G0. Interestingly, cell fractions containing G2M and > G2M DNA had > 50% cellular expression for RAS and ERK in 2 of 4 colon tumors (Figure). No colon tumors expressed RAS and ERK significantly in G0 cells. We found that ER, PR, and HER-2/neu marker expression were consistent with established patterns. Additionally, these data point to specific expression patterns that are associated with the cell cycle stage. In particular, we note high expression of Her-2/nue, ER, and PR in aneuploid (>G2M) cells. These results suggest that patterns of expression can be assessed in tumor tissues using FC, and the potential for broad application to all solid tumors.
Effects of Ohio's opioid prescribing limit for the geriatric minimally injured trauma patient.

Abstract Background Geriatric patients, age ≥65, frequently require no operation and only short observation after injury; yet many are prescribed opioids. We reviewed geriatric opioid prescriptions following a statewide outpatient prescribing limit. Methods Discharge and 30-day pain prescriptions were collected for geriatric patients managed without operation and with stays less than two midnights from May and June of 2015 through 2018. Patients were compared pre- and post-limit and with a non-geriatric cohort aged 18–64. Fall risk was also assessed. Results We included 218 geriatric patients, 57 post-limit. Patients received fewer discharge prescriptions and lower doses following the limit. However, this trend preceded the limit. Geriatric patients received fewer opioid prescriptions but higher doses than non-geriatric patients. Fall risk was not associated with reduced prescription frequency or doses. Conclusions Opioid prescribing has decreased for geriatric patients with minor injuries. However, surgeons have not reduced dosage based on age or fall risk.
Physical Education Teacher Education Faculty Self-Efficacy toward Educational Technology.

The role of technology in physical education instruction has expanded greatly over the past few years. Because of the influence that physical education teacher education (PETE) faculty have on the development of teacher candidates’ technology knowledge and skills, this study sought to examine the technology integration selfefficacy levels of PETE faculty. Participants included a sample of 76 PETE faculty from the United States who completed the Educator Technology Self-Efficacy Survey consisting of items related to the ISTE Standards for Teachers (Standards-T) and physical education–specific technology. Statistical analyses revealed a moderate overall rating of technology self-efficacy (M = 3.7, SD = 0.63), with facilitating and inspiring student learning and creativity with technology being the highest rated of the Standards-T (M = 3.83, SD = .66). Faculty selfefficacy for projectors and faculty self-efficacy for pedometers were among the highest rated specific PE technologies. Findings suggest that PETE faculty are generally confident in their technology integration capabilities, which is a positive for PE teacher candidates.Subscribe to TPE
Rural Caregivers: Identification of Informational Needs Through Telemedicine Questions.

Objectives The prevalence of Alzheimer's disease and associated disorders is increasing. Rural residents in the United States have less access to memory care specialists and educational and community resources than in other areas of the country. Over a decade ago, we initiated an interdisciplinary rural caregiving telemedicine program to reach Kentucky residents in areas of the state where resources for supporting individuals with dementia are limited. Telemedicine programs involve a short informational presentation followed by a question and answer session; programs are offered 4 times a year. The purpose of this study was to explore questions asked over 1 year of the rural caregiving telemedicine program-encompassing 5 programs-to identify the scope of dementia-related knowledge gaps among attendees. Methods Questions from the 5 programs were recorded and content analyzed to identify areas of frequent informational requests. Results There were a total of 69 questions over the 5 sessions. For each program, questions ended due to time constraints rather than exhausting all inquiries. The most common topical areas of questions related to risk factors, behavioral management, diagnosis, and medications. Discussion and implications This study highlights that rural caregivers in Kentucky have diverse dementia educational needs. Rural communities may benefit from additional, targeted resources addressing these common areas of unmet informational needs.
The two‐step task, avoidance, and OCD

In this invited review, we argue for the need to determine whether appetitive and aversive behaviors, be they goal-directed or habitual, share overlapping neural circuitry. To motivate our argument, we first summarize what is currently known about the neural circuits governing aversive and appetitive behaviors by focusing first on the three hypothesized phases of avoidance learning, and then on goal-directed and habitual reward seeking. We then provide several reasons to believe that the neural circuits of appetitive and aversive instrumental behaviors are not completely overlapping. We next discuss an experimental strategy to determine the extent of overlap based on a new computational framework that improves the identification of goal-directed and habitual actions regardless of valence. Finally, we discuss recent work in obsessive-compulsive disorder that uses this computational framework to determine whether patients perform appetitive and aversive versions of the same task using the same behavioral strategies and neural circuits.
Response of the Minnesota River to Variant Sediment Loading

AbstractWe perform an analysis of the response of a reach of the Minnesota River, US to changes in sediment loading, including sand and mud. The reach in question extends 160 km downchannel from Ma...
Pushing the Limits of Parallel Discrete Event Simulation for SystemC

The IEEE SystemC language is widely used in industry and academia to model and simulate system-level designs. Despite the availability of multi- and many-core host processors, however, the Accellera reference simulator is still based on sequential discrete event simulation, utilizing only a single core at any time. While many advanced parallel simulation approaches have been proposed, most require modification of the SystemC source code so that the model is free from parallel access conflicts and rely on the designer to manually perform this difficult transformation.
Reproducing kernels of generalized Sobolev spaces via a Green function approach with distributional operators

In this paper we introduce a generalized Sobolev space by defining a semi-inner product formulated in terms of a vector distributional operator P consisting of finitely or countably many distributional operators P n , which are defined on the dual space of the Schwartz space. The types of operators we consider include not only differential operators, but also more general distributional operators such as pseudo-differential operators. We deduce that a certain appropriate full-space Green function G with respect to L := P *T P now becomes a conditionally positive function. In order to support this claim we ensure that the distributional adjoint operator P * of P is well-defined in the distributional sense. Under sufficient conditions, the native space (reproducing-kernel Hilbert space) associated with the Green function G can be embedded into or even be equivalent to a generalized Sobolev space. As an application, we take linear combinations of translates of the Green function with possibly added polynomial terms and construct a multivariate minimum-norm interpolant s f,X to data values sampled from an unknown generalized Sobolev function f at data sites located in some set $${X \subset \mathbb{R}^d}$$. We provide several examples, such as Matern kernels or Gaussian kernels, that illustrate how many reproducing-kernel Hilbert spaces of well-known reproducing kernels are equivalent to a generalized Sobolev space. These examples further illustrate how we can rescale the Sobolev spaces by the vector distributional operator P. Introducing the notion of scale as part of the definition of a generalized Sobolev space may help us to choose the “best” kernel function for kernel-based approximation methods.
Navigating Workshop Communities

This third and final research findings chapter shows how learning is a consequence of not only individual curiosity and expert guidance but also the ways in which each workshop community absorbs newcomers and encourages their progression. Using Lave and Wenger’s concept of the ‘community of practice’, this chapter shows how each workshop is built around a unique set of interests, practices, and ways of guiding newcomers into positions from which they can learn. Unlike Lave and Wenger, however, I do not argue that the understanding developed in each workshop community is relevant only to that setting; using Heidegger’s concept of the ‘we-world’, I differentiate between the shared understanding that extends across workshops and the communities of practice that scaffolds its development.
Trigeminal Evoked Potentials and Electrophysical Assessment of the Trigeminal Nerve

SUMMARY Somatosensory evoked potentials and similar electrophysiologic methods of testing sensory nerve function appear to represent an objective method of monitoring activity in the trigeminal nerve. This would be of enormous value in the objective assessment of trigeminal nerve damage and possibly even in giving some early differentiation of cases that may recover spontaneously from those that may be suitable for microneurosurgical repair. They would also represent an objective means of comparing results of different therapies for nerve repair. They may also have medicolegal uses. However, at the present time, too many variables are involved in the reported studies of normal and abnormal values. There is considerable variation in the results obtained in different studies, both in normal and abnormal states, and until there is general agreement on the specific techniques to be used, the specific criteria of what constitutes a normal and an abnormal somatosensory evoked potential, they will remain a research tool only.
The Evolution of Telepractice Use during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Perspectives of Pediatric Speech–Language Pathologists

The study investigated how pediatric speech-language pathologists (SLPs) applied telepractice to compensate for the loss of in-person services and the dynamics of telepractice use during the COVID-19 pandemic in a rural state. We conducted interviews with 10 SLPs and then a statewide survey in which 51 SLPs participated. The qualitative interviews revealed themes including changes in service environment due to the pandemic (e.g., transition to telepractice, losing clients), challenges in the transition to telepractice (e.g., limited training, difficulty engaging clients), worsening wellbeing of clinicians and clients, and SLPs’ perspectives and suggestions towards telepractice in the future. Survey results showed service disruptions and transition dynamics during the pandemic. SLPs’ weekly caseloads reduced from an average of 42.3 clients prior to the pandemic to 25.9 and 23.4 from March to May and from June to September 2020, respectively, and then recovered to 37.2 clients from October to December 2020. In contrast, the number of telepractice caseloads sharply increased from 0.2 clients per week prior to the pandemic to 14.8 from March to May 2020. The weekly telepractice caseloads then declined to 5.5 clients from June to September and 7.9 clients from October to December 2020. In the months right after the pandemic outbreak (i.e., March to May), client children struggled with treatment gains and behavioral wellbeing. However, their outcomes gradually improved by October to December and approached pre-pandemic levels. About one-third of the SLPs reported that they would be more likely or much more likely to use telepractice in the future regardless of the pandemic. However, only about a quarter perceived telepractice as comparable to in-person services. We concluded that the transition from in-person services to telepractice substantially mitigated service disruptions right after the pandemic outbreak and that telepractice’s substitute role evolved over time.
Exploring the Acceptance of Body Searches, Body Scans and TSA Trust

The general public is concerned about the invasion of privacy caused by full-body scanning and pat-down body searches. This privacy debate centers on the U.S. Constitutional right for “people to be secure in their person, house, papers, and effects and against unreasonable searches and seizures.” Full-body scanning and pat-down body searches test the limits of these Constitutional rights. Thus far the courts have ruled that passenger airport screening is a reasonable cost that Americans must pay to prevent death, injury and property damage from terrorist attacks. This paper measures the general public’s acceptance of pat-down body searches and full-body scan technology. Through the use of a survey, we sought input from individuals ranging from flyers to non-flyers about issues dealing with privacy and the concept of trust with the Transportation Security Administration and other government agencies responsible for managing these privacy issues. The attitude of most of those surveyed shows acceptance of full-body scanning and pat-down searches assuming that these airport screening methods help to insure passenger safety when flying. But, acceptance measures did expose that some minority populations and minority religions are less accepting of both pat-down body searches and body scans.
Latroids and their representation by codes over modules

It has been known for some time that there is a connection between linear codes over fields and matroids represented over fields. In fact a generator matrix for a linear code over a field is also a representation of a matroid over that field. There are intimately related operations of deletion, contraction, minors and duality on both the code and the matroid. The weight enumerator of the code is an evaluation of the Tutte polynomial of the matroid, and a standard identity relating the Tutte polynomials of dual matroids gives rise to a MacWilliams identity relating the weight enumerators of dual codes. More recently, codes over rings and modules have been considered, and MacWilliams type identities have been found in certain cases. In this paper we consider codes over rings and modules with code duality based on a Morita duality of categories of modules. To these we associate latroids, defined here. We generalize notions of deletion, contraction, minors and duality, on both codes and latroids, and examine all natural relations among these. We define generating functions associated with codes and latroids, and prove identities relating them, generalizing above-mentioned generating functions and identities.
Statistical Models: Theory and Practice

1. Observational studies and experiments 2. The regression line 3. Matrix algebra 4. Multiple regression 5. Multiple regression: special topics 6. Path models 7. Maximum likelihood 8. The bootstrap 9. Simultaneous equations 10. Issues in statistical modeling.
Obesity in nursing homes: an escalating problem

Objectives: To estimate trends in the prevalence of obesity in nursing homes, to characterize the obese nursing home population, and to evaluate the extent to which estimates of the prevalence of obesity varied by facility and geographic location. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: One thousand six hundred twenty-five nursing homes in Kansas, Maine, Mississippi, New York, and South Dakota from 1992 to 2002; 16,110 nursing homes in the United States in 2002. Participants: Newly admitted residents between 1992 and 2002 (n=847,601) in selected states and 1,448,046 residents newly admitted to a U.S. nursing home in 2002 with height and weight documented on the Minimum Data Set (MDS) assessment. Measurements: Data were from the Systematic Assessment of Geriatric Drug Use via Epidemiology database. Residents were classified as having a body mass index of less than 18.5 kg/m2, 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m2, 25.0 to 29.9 kg/m2, 30 to 34.9 kg/m2, or 35.0 kg/m2 or greater. Results: Adjusting for sociodemographics, in Kansas, Maine, Mississippi, New York, and South Dakota, fewer than 15% of newly admitted residents were obese in 1992, rising to more than 25% in 2002. In U.S. nursing homes, the distribution of obese residents is not shared equally across facilities. Nearly 30% of residents with a BMI of 35 kg/m2 or greater are younger than 65, and a disproportionate percentage of obese residents are non-Hispanic black. Residents identified as obese had a higher likelihood of comorbid conditions (e.g., diabetes mellitus, arthritis, hypertension, depression, and allergies). Conclusion: Increasing prevalence of obesity in nursing homes and substantial variation of obesity prevalence within facilities raise concerns about nursing home preparedness and access.
Neural correlates of telling lies: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study at 4 Tesla.

Rationale and objective Intentional deception (ie, lying) is a complex cognitive act, with important legal, moral, political, and economic implications. Prior studies have identified activation of discrete anterior frontal regions, such as the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC), and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) during deception. To extend these findings, we used novel real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technology to simulate a polygraph experience in order to evoke performance anxiety about generating lies, and sought to ascertain the neural correlates of deception. Materials and methods In this investigational fMRI study done with a 4-T scanner, we examined the neural correlates of lying in 14 healthy adult volunteers while they performed a modified card version of the Guilty Knowledge Test (GKT), with the understanding that their brain activity was being monitored in real time by the investigators conducting the study. The volunteers were instructed to attempt to generate Lies that would not evoke changes in their brain activity, and were told that their performance and brain responses were being closely monitored. Results Subjects reported performance anxiety during the task. Deceptive responses were specifically associated with activation of the VLPFC, DLPFC, DMPFC, and superior temporal sulcus. Discussion These findings suggest the involvement of discrete regions of the frontal cortex during lying, and that the neural substrates responsible for cognitive control of behavior may also be engaged during deception.
The Pregalactic Universe and the Formation of Large Scale Structure

We summarize a number of reasons for believing that pregalactic sources of energy, such as quasars or protogalaxies, may have significantly influenced the development of the large scale galaxy distribution. A brief review is presented of specific mechanisms by which this may have occurred and their observational consequences. It is possible that the large scale structure may be primarily due to such activity, rather than the direct effects of primordial adiabatic or isothermal fluctuations.
Interleukin-35 Inhibits Endothelial Cell Activation by Suppressing MAPK-AP-1 Pathway

Vascular response is an essential pathological mechanism underlying various inflammatory diseases. This study determines whether IL-35, a novel responsive anti-inflammatory cytokine, inhibits vascular response in acute inflammation. Using a mouse model of LPS-induced acute inflammation and plasma samples from sepsis patients, we found that IL-35 was induced in the plasma of mice after LPS injection as well as in the plasma of sepsis patients. In addition, IL-35 decreased LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the plasma of mice. Furthermore, IL-35 inhibited leukocyte adhesion to the endothelium in the vessels of lung and cremaster muscle and decreased the numbers of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Mechanistically, IL-35 inhibited the LPS-induced up-regulation of endothelial cell (EC) adhesion molecule VCAM-1 through IL-35 receptors gp130 and IL-12Rβ2 via inhibition of the MAPK-activator protein-1 (AP-1) signaling pathway. We also found that IL-27, which shares the EBI3 subunit with IL-35, promoted LPS-induced VCAM-1 in human aortic ECs and that EBI3-deficient mice had similar vascular response to LPS when compared with that of WT mice. These results demonstrated for the first time that inflammation-induced IL-35 inhibits LPS-induced EC activation by suppressing MAPK-AP1-mediated VCAM-1 expression and attenuates LPS-induced secretion of proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines. Our results provide insight into the control of vascular inflammation by IL-35 and suggest that IL-35 is an attractive novel therapeutic reagent for sepsis and cardiovascular diseases.
Exploring Language Assessment and Testing: Language in Action

Many of the current textbooks on language testing in use today take a broad approach covering theory of language ability, test development, and test evaluation, including statistical computations. In his new book, Exploring Language Assessment and Testing, Anthony Green successfully presents an overview of past and current issues in language testing with a focus on classroom-based assessment. With an eye toward promoting assessment literacy, Green has written in a way that is easy to understand as well as intellectually engaging. This book is part of the Introductions to Applied Linguistics series by Routledge, which is intended for graduate students in teacher-education courses. Without a doubt, the novice reader will find the material informative and useful.
Theory of Convection in a Deep Rotating Spherical Shell, and Its Application to the Sun

The theory of convection in a rotating spherical shell, when applied to the Sun, should ultimately satisfy at least three broad constraints. The radial heat flux by the convection must not vary significantly with latitude; an equatorial acceleration must be produced; and the convection must give the right dynamo action to produce the gross features of a solar cycle.
Community-based Study of the Transition to Adulthood for Adolescents with Psychiatric Disorder

This longitudinal study examines the transition to adulthood in a randomly sampled, community-based cohort of adolescents. The study compares young adult outcomes of 33 adolescents with and 148 adolescents without psychiatric disorder. After adjustment for differences in age, gender, and social class, adolescents with psychiatric disorder were 13.74 times less likely to complete secondary school (95% confidence interval (CI): 4.17, 45.17), 4.07 times less likely to be employed or in college or trade school (95% CI: 1.4, 12.3), 3.13 times more likely to be involved in criminal activity (95% CI: 1.11, 8.87), and 6.46 times more likely to have gotten pregnant themselves or to have gotten someone else pregnant (95% CI: 1.75, 23.87). While adolescents with psychiatric disorder in this community-based study had outcomes that were somewhat more favorable than those of adolescents with psychiatric disorder in prior treatment-based studies, they nonetheless are at high risk of failing to meet young adult role expectations.
Cancer death rates by site and sex for religious and socioeconomic groups in New York City.

Abstract Age adjusted death rates by sex are presented for the various sites of cancer for subgroups of the 25–64 year old non-Puerto Rican white population of New York City, 1949–1951, classified jointly by religious group and socioeconomic status. Rates by sex and site of cancer are also given for those of Puerto Rican descent, non-Puerto Rican negroes, and for the other nonwhites.
Kairomonal Attractants for Acalymma vittatum (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

In the absence of contact and visual stimuli, significant numbers of adult striped cucumber beetles, Acalymma vittatum (F.), were caught on veiled sticky cups containing either squash seedlings or blossoms. The role of volatile kairomones in host finding was further demonstrated by the attraction of A. vittatum adults to a synthetic odor mimic of cucurbit blossoms (a mixture of 1,2,4-trimethoxybenzene, indole, and trans -cinnamaldehyde [TIC]. From July to late August 1988, TIC-baited traps caught 4–100 times more adult beetles than controls. Although indole was the most active single component of TIC, the slope of the log-dose response curve for the TIC-baited traps was 7 times greater than the slope for the indole-baited traps. Traps baited with the three-component mixture caught twice as many beetles as the theoretical additive response based on the trap catches of the individual components. Several phenylpropanoid attractants for Diabrotica species and other squash blossom odor components also were bioassayed in field tests, but none was as active as TIC or indole.
Resonance Raman spectroscopic characterization of the nickel cofactor, F430, form methanogenic bacteria

Resonance Raman spectroscopy was used to investigate the Ni-tetrapyrrole, cofactor F430, of methanogenic bacteria. Excitation within the 430-nm absorption band produced resonance-enhanced vibrational modes and a spectral pattern that contrasts with resonance Raman data of other metal-tetrapyrrole complexes (heme-, metalloporphyrin- and vitamin B-12-derivatives). With 406.7-nm excitation, the most intense spectral features were observed at 1530, 1628 and 1562 cm−1. Although many weaker spectral bands were recorded below 1500 cm−1, the relative simplicity of the F430 resonance Raman spectrum is in accord with the lower degree of unsaturation in the nickel complex. Excitation at longer wavelengths brought several low-frequency modes in the 200–500 cm−1 region into resonance. This observation indicates that the 430-nm band is composed of multiple electronic transitions. The low-frequency spectrum, which should contain metal-ligand vibrations, may be particularly useful in studying the interactions of F430 with coenzyme M and methylreductase.
Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase assay in liver and blood.

Abstract Two molecules of NADP+ are reduced per molecule of glucose 6-phosphate oxidized by glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase in the presence of excesses of NADP+, glucose 6-phosphate and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. A single-step assay specific for glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase has now become practical with the availability of highly purified 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. Rapid and sensitive spectrophotometric methods for determining the activity of each enzyme in liver and blood are presented.