cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prelude to Previewing: The Effects of Prenatal Representations

This book delves into the relationship that is forged during the first years of life between the caregiver and infant, and seeks to explore this relationship from a unique perspective. According to this perspective, the most vital characteristic of early interaction concerns how the caregiver prepares the infant for imminent developmental achievement and for effectively surmounting the challenges posed by the environment.
A Review of “A History of Communications: Media and Society from the Evolution of Speech to the Internet”

Most of us have a vague notion that the emergence and diffusion of the Internet in recent decades seems to be fundamentally altering our societies and affecting us in ways that we do not yet fully ...
Impact of network effect and congestion effect on price competition among wireless service providers

The rapidly growing popularity of online social services has greatly spurred mobile users' online social interactions, which in turn has boosted their demand for data usage. However, wireless service providers' revenue growth is constrained by the capacity of the physical network infrastructure, and is further challenged by the price competition among different wireless providers. To fully understand the potential benefit brought by social services, we study mobile users' data usage behavior subject to social network effect in the social domain and congestion effect in the physical wireless domain, based on which we explore wireless providers' pricing strategies under competition. In particular, we cast the interactions between mobile users and wireless providers as a two-stage Stackelberg game: In Stage I, each provider decides its pricing strategy to maximize its revenue in competition with other providers' pricing strategies; In Stage II, given the providers' pricing strategies, users choose data usage subject to both social network effect and congestion effects. We analyze the two-stage game using backward induction. For Stage II, we establish the existence and uniqueness of a link demand equilibrium (LDE) under certain conditions. For Stage II, we establish the existence of a mixed strategy pricing equilibrium (PE), and further develop a recursive back-tracking algorithm to find the PE. Our results provide insight on the impact of wireless providers' competition on their revenues.
Prostate Adenocarcinoma Metastasis to the Bilateral Ureters: An Unusual Pattern

We report an autopsy of a patient with prostate cancer who had hydronephrosis and sepsis due to obstruction from bilateral ureteral metastasis of prostate adenocarcinoma. He was an 82-year-old man who presented to the emergency department with weakness and shortness of breath. Fifteen years earlier, he had been diagnosed with prostate cancer , underwent chemotherapy, and was in remission for …
Blood mediums for cultivation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. V. Results with agar-agar basal medium and varying concentrations of blood, glycerine and penicillin.

In previous studies'' 16 it was demonstrated that human bank-blood incorporated into a variety of agar bases was capable of initiating growth of small , inoculums of tubercle bacilli. In a subsequent investigation, it was found that penicillin could be used for the purpose of preventing contamination, and when added to the mediums or to the inoculums in concentrations of .10, 50 and 100 units per milliliter, the antibiotic caused no inhibition of growth. Since agaragar alone with 25 per cent blood proved so satisfactory it was felt desirable to investigate this medium further to study the effects of varying concentrations of blood, glycerine and penicillin. In this study the blood mediums were compared with the American Trudeau Society (ATS), Corper-Cohn, Lowenstein and Petragnani mediums.
Modulating Polyolefin Copolymer Composition via Redox-Active Olefin Polymerization Catalysts

The ability to precisely modulate polymer architecture and composition is a long-standing goal within the field of polymer synthesis. Herein, we demonstrate that redox-active olefin polymerization catalysts may be used to predictably tailor polyolefin comonomer incorporation levels for the copolymerization of ethylene and higher α-olefins. This ability is facilitated via the utilization of a redox-active olefin polymerization catalyst that once reduced via in situ addition of a chemical reductant results in a notable drop in α-olefin incorporation. We attribute this behavior to the reduced catalyst’s increased electron density and its concomitant decreased rate of α-olefin consumption. These results are supported by investigations into propylene and 1-hexene homopolymerizations as well as detailed GPC, DSC, GC, and NMR analyses.
Use of Ontologies as a Way to Automate MDE Processes

Model driven engineering (MDE) knows growing interest as much as a research domain as an industry process for building software quickly and reliably. However, in the way to reuse and automation of design processes, it has limitation for this purpose, as it focuses on design much more as on user's need. Use of an ontology representing domain design knowledge can be a way to bridge the gap between use scenarios and models, and so to empower MDE approaches
The Role of Information from International Bank Lending in Mutual Fund Equity Investing

Bank loan rates include monopoly rents from private information obtained in the course of lending relationships. Despite insider trading restrictions, some studies using U.S. data suggest that this private information is utilized in managing mutual fund equity portfolios at bank-affiliated funds. This does not hold in the international context. We find that lending bank-affiliated international mutual funds restrict equity holdings in non-U.S. borrowing firms when affiliated banks initiate syndicated bank loans. Reduced bank-affiliated mutual fund equity holdings and more intensive lending are associated with increased monopoly rents in loan rates. These effects are most pronounced for borrowers in emerging countries.
Advancing Testimonio Traditions in Educational Research: A Synoptic Rendering

Through our understanding of decolonizing Hispanophone curriculum, our synoptic rendering seeks to better situate US-based research on testimonio within Latin American literary traditions. Specific...
Intramural idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias originating in the intraventricular septum: mapping and ablation.

Background— Intramural septal idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias have not been described systematically. Methods and Results— In a consecutive group of 93 patients with idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias referred for ablation, the site of origin of ventricular arrhythmias was assessed by activation mapping and pace-mapping. In 7 of 93 patients (8%), an intramural focus in the interventricular septum was identified. All ventricular arrhythmias arising intramurally had a left bundle-branch block morphology with inferior axis. The intramural focus was effectively ablated from both sides of the septum in 4 patients and from within the septum in 1 patient. The ablation procedure of an intramural focus near the His bundle failed in 2 of 7 patients. ECG and mapping characteristics of the patients with intramural septal ventricular arrhythmias differentiated intramural arrhythmias from other sites of origin. Conclusions— Idiopathic septal ventricular arrhythmias can originate from intramural foci. Activation mapping from within a perforator branch within the interventricular septum is helpful in identifying the site of origin of intramural septal arrhythmias. Ablation within the septum or from both sites of the septum may be required to eliminate the targeted arrhythmia.
Children's conceptions of sampling in local ecosystems investigations

This study describes how students’ intuitions about sampling are informed by extended experiences in investigating local ecosystems. Elementary students in a rural/suburban district in the upper midwest spent a year conducting first-hand comparative field studies of nearby ponds, prairies, and forests. At the close of the term, we conducted task-based interviews with 26 students at Grades 1/2, 3, and 6 to explore their understanding of the nature and role of samples, particular forms of sampling practices in the field, and the ways in which samples and sampling practices influenced their knowledge about ecosystems. Interviews, which lasted from 60–90 minutes each, were conducted individually. Interviews were designed to address parallel topics at each grade level, although questions were couched in the specific ecosystems investigated by students at their respective grades. Across grades, interview responses reflected transitions in students’ understanding of: the concept of a sample, ways to construct a sample, potential sources of sample bias, roles of cause and chance in explaining variability in a sample, ideas about growing sample size, and how to coordinate sample representativeness and sampling variability
Scale Selection for Biodynamic Theories

Although the primitive (Navier-Stokes) equations for ocean physics are known, any useable model simplifies them, normally by eliminating terms and selecting a specific range of space and time scales. Processes outside these scale ranges are parameterized (or ignored). For a joint physical-biological theory, an essential assumption is that the same scale divisions can be made and the problem of parameterizing the neglected biological scales can be solved. Similarly the kinds of data must correspond. Possible subdivisions of the space and time scales will be discussed.
The Impact of English: Academic Achievement and Identity Investment in an American University

For Chinese doctoral students, English is the most essential subject when studying in U.S. universities and living life in the U.S. Using English not only promotes academic success, but also helps them to pursue better job opportunities and a better life in the U.S. The purpose of this study was to explore Chinese doctoral stude nts’ English use, perceptions of academic achievement in relation to their academic motivation and identity investment. Chinese doctoral student interviews, questionnaires, classroom observations, and journal entries were used in this qualitative case study. The findings of the study show that Chinese doctoral students’ English use and perception of academic achievement had impacts on their academic motivation. Moreover, Chinese doctoral students’ identities were also reflected in the investment of academic achievement.
Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: Natural History

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), or late-onset scoliosis, is a condition in adolescents defined by an abnormal coronal plane spine curvature with rotation, for which no cause can be established. The natural history of both adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) and other forms of scoliosis (i.e., due to neuromuscular or syndromic disorders) has been studied over the past 50 years. However, studies isolating patients with AIS have been relatively few in number. Understanding the natural history of this condition, including characteristics of the disease process and long-term outcomes, is crucial for effective treatment and patient education. This chapter discusses the etiopathogenesis, prevalence, diagnosis and classification, and outcomes in untreated individuals with AIS. Specifically, outcome measures such as back pain and disability, pulmonary function, mortality, psychosocial effects, and the effect of AIS on pregnancy are outlined and analyzed.
Fabrication of AIN/W Functionally Graded Materials

ABSTRUCT A highly radiative material has been developed comprising sintered aluminum nitride (AIN) in which tungsten (W) particles are dispersed in graded manner. Functionally graded materials (FGM) of tungsten and aluminum nitride was fabricated by pressureless sintering. The green compact comprised of different composition layers (W:0.0-30.0 wt%) was prepared and sintered in flowing nitrogen. Some of the physical properties of the AIN W FGM were discussed.
Away to freedom : African American soldiers and the War of 1812

This research will address several key historical realities overlooked in reference to African Americans during the War of 1812. One, that African Americans played a significant role in the successes of United States military conflicts during the war. Two, an acknowledgement that African Americans used military service as a way to demonstrate their legitimacy as American citizens. Finally, military service proved to be a viable method of resistance to the institution of slavery during both the American Revolution and the War of 1812. I will pay particular attention to African Americans who escaped slavery to enlist in Six Companies of British Colonial Marines resettled in Trinidad upon conclusion of the war.
Prominent lateral mucosal folds in the bulbous urethra.

AbstractPrevious reports in the urologic and radiologic literature have described a structure filled with contrast medium beneath the floor of the bulbous urethra that has been interpreted uniformly as reflux filling of dilated Cowper’s ducts. It is our belief that in many instances the structure that is visualized is not abnormal but simply an apparent outpouching of the normal floor of the bulbous urethra demarcated by prominent linear urethral mucosal indentations that run parallel in its lateral walls. Our interpretations are correlated with clinical material and visualized in anatomical dissections.
Survey of vitamin D and 25-hydroxyvitamin D in traditional native Alaskan meats, fish, and oils

Abstract Greater consumption of traditional foods has been associated with improved vitamin D status in Arctic and sub-Arctic populations, including Alaskan Native Americans. However, lack of vitamin D food composition data impairs epidemiological studies on health outcomes, and development of specific dietary recommendations. Vitamin D, including 25(OH)D3 was quantified in samples of native fish, fish eggs, meats (caribou, goose, whale, seal) and traditionally prepared whale and seal oil collected from Alaskan tribes. Vitamin D3, 25(OH)D3, and vitamin D2 were assayed in alkaline-saponified samples by UPLC-MS, after derivatization with 4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazole-3,5-dione, with in-house control materials and/or NIST SRM® 1546a Meat Homogenate included in each analytical batch. All but the land animals and bearded seal meat contained ≥2 μg vitamin D3/100 g, with >10 μg/100 g in steelhead trout; dried sheefish, whitefish, smelt; smoked/dried salmon; fermented sheefish eggs; whale and seal oils. Large between-sample differences in bearded seal oil suggested possible effects of season and/or maturity on vitamin D content. 25(OH)D3 was >0.3 μg/100 g in many foods, notably smoked salmon, beluga whale skin/fat and oil and spotted seal (but not other seal) oil, with the highest levels in dried beluga whale meat, skin/fat, and oil (up to 1.2). Vitamin D2 was
Exploiting π-π Interactions to Design an Efficient Sorbent for Atrazine Removal from Water.

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recognizes atrazine, a commonly used herbicide, as an endocrine disrupting compound. Excessive use of this agrochemical results in contaminat...
Considerations in Work Choices of U.S. Farm Households: The Role of Health Insurance

Most Americans receive their health insurance through employer-sponsored programs. Because farmers are self-employed, it has not been clear whether persons in farm households are as likely to have health insurance as all U.S. persons. We find that persons in farm-operator households are just as likely to have health insurance coverage. The majority of farm households allocate time to off-farm work that often provides employer-sponsored insurance. We estimate a two-stage simultaneous probit model to quantify the role of health insurance in increasing the likelihood of operators and spouses allocating time to off-farm work.
Bargaining Power and the Choice of Brokerage Contract

The exclusive right to sell listing contract is believed to be preferable to the exclusive agency listing contract because it gives the listing broker more incentive to put effort into the sale of ...
Assessing the accuracy of two posterior tooth-size discrepancy prediction methods based on virtual occlusal setups

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess accuracy of the Bolton and Johnson/Bailey (JB) analyses in identifying clinically significant posterior tooth-size discrepancies using virtually constructed occlusal s...
Amino Acids and Derivatives

This chapter discusses the chemistry of amino acids and derivatives. Methods for selective protection and deprotection of amino acid units comprise an expanding series of reactions of fundamental importance in peptide synthesis. In most approaches to peptide syntheses, the proper choice of protecting groups can mean the difference between success and failure. The Boc N-protecting group is widely employed at present, and most of the common Boc-protected amino acids are commercially available. However, it is frequently desirable from a cost standpoint, or because of unavailability of certain derivatives, to rely heavily still on the use of t -butyl azidoformate as starting material. The preparation of this useful reagent has been further simplified by the application of tetramethylguanidinium azide. The reaction of aldehyde and ketones with dipeptide sodium salts in methanol has been shown to easily afford imidazolidinyl peptide derivatives. Water-soluble amine derivatives have been obtained using the N-acetylpyridinium group.
Androgens and Glucocorticoids

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the physiology of androgens and glucocorticoid hormones. It discusses the quantity of adrenal androgens produced by the adrenal cortex relative to cortisol. Aldosterone is produced predominantly in the zona glomerulosa and its synthesis is under complex control by many factors, but the renin–angiotensin system is predominant. Cortisol is secreted mainly by the zona fasiculata with a small proportion by the zona reticularis, and secretion is controlled by adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH). Adrenal androgens are produced mainly in the zona reticularis, but some synthesis also occurs in the zona fasciculata. ACTH has profound influences, but there is evidence that pituitary factors other than ACTH also have major effects on adrenal androgen production, particularly during the prepubertal period. Testosterone and its potent 5α-reduced metabolite, 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), are important in normal sexual differentiation. Testosterone is responsible for the virilization of the male internal genital tract and DHT causes development of the male external genitalia.
Awakening the dark side: retrotransposon activation in neurodegenerative disorders

Nearly half (45%) of the human genome is composed of transposable elements, or 'jumping genes'. Since Barbara McClintock's original discovery of transposable elements in 1950, we have come to appreciate that transposable element mobilization is a major driver of evolution that transposons are active in the germline and the soma, and that transposable element dysregulation is causally associated with many human disorders. In the present review, we highlight recent studies investigating transposable element activation in the adult brain and in the context of neurodegeneration. Collectively, these studies contribute to a greater understanding of the frequency of complete retrotransposition in the adult brain as well as the presence of transposable element-derived RNA and protein in brain and fluids of patients with neurodegenerative disorders. We discuss therapeutic opportunities and speculate on the larger implications of transposable element activation in regard to current hot topics in the field of neurodegeneration.
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE MUSEUM IN ANTEBELLUM U.S. WESTERN TERRITORIAL EXPLORATION: UNDERSTANDING THE RELEVANCE OF COLLECTING FOSSILS AND THEIR CONSERVATION TO SOLVING LONG-STANDING GEOLOGIC AND PALEONTOLOGIC PROBLEMS—PART 1

The determination of pivotal moments in the history of a discipline of science can depend on the perspective of the observer. This narrative notes the importance of antebellum institutions in foste...
17 – Computers and Medicine

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses how computer technology is being used in the medical field to improve health care. The chapter reviews how computer-based scanning devices work and how they are used to diagnose various illnesses. Low cost and small size of microprocessors makes it possible to build intelligent control into medical diagnostic, monitoring, and control equipment. Enhanced capabilities of medical equipment are changing the practice of medicine and improving the outlook for patients. The most significant application of computers in modern medicine is the computer-assisted tomography or computer-axial tomography (CAT) scan. It costs around half a million dollars or more—one of the most expensive medical devices used today. The high cost of the CAT scan has made it a focus of controversy. The U.S. government requires hospitals to file a certificate of need before being allowed to purchase the machine. Organ matching has been facilitated by computers. It involves locating organs with proper tissue types from people with the appropriate blood types and other characteristics for transplantation in people with similar, often identical, characteristics.
Ending the Interminable Gap in Indian Country Water Quality Protection

Tribal self-determination in modern environmental law holds the tantalizing prospect of translating Indigenous environmental value judgments into legally enforceable requirements of federal regulatory programs. Congress authorized this approach three decades ago, but few tribes have sought primacy even for foundational programs like Clean Water Act water quality standards, contributing to potentially serious environmental injustices. This article analyzes in detail EPA’s recent attempt at reducing tribal barriers — reinterpreting the Act as a congressional delegation of tribal jurisdiction over non-Indians — and the early indications its results are insignificant. The article then proposes an unconventional solution ostensibly at odds with tribal self-determination: promulgation of national, federal water quality standards for Indian country. EPA’s Indian Program actually began this way, as an interim step awaiting tribes’ assumption of federal regulatory programs. Thirty years later, the seemingly interminable regulatory gap in Indian country water quality protection remains, and EPA has a legal and moral responsibility to close it.
Perceptions of public health consequences of marijuana legalization

As cannabis policy is rapidly evolving and support for marijuana legalization is increasing, understanding of the public’s perception of cannabis and its associated risks is important for preventio...
CEO pay and the Lake Wobegon Effect

Abstract The “Lake Wobegon Effect,” which is widely cited as a potential cause for rising CEO pay, is said to occur because no firm wants to admit to having a CEO who is below average, and so no firm allows its CEO's pay package to lag market expectations. We develop a game-theoretic model of this Effect. In our model, a CEO's wage may serve as a signal of match surplus, and therefore affect the value of the firm. We compare equilibria of our model to a full-information case and derive conditions under which equilibrium wages are distorted upward.
Betting Against the (Big) House: Bargaining Away Criminal Trial Rights

Professor Gregory M. Gilchrist is the leading proponent of a new method for resolving criminal cases that he labels, “trial bargaining.” Under this scheme, defendants could trade away some of their trial rights in exchange for a charging or sentencing concession from the prosecution. For example, a prosecutor might agree to reduce a charge of armed robbery to simple robbery if the accused agreed to a three-person jury. This short response to Professor Gilchrist’s proposal identifies three issues that must be addressed before experimentation with trial bargaining can begin. The first issue is whether the Supreme Court would uphold the constitutionality of trial bargaining. Second, will the sheer number of potential bargaining chips deprive the process of any semblance of uniformity and consistency? Finally, are there any fundamental safeguards that a criminal defendant should be prohibited from trading away?
Taxon sampling and alternative hypotheses of relationships in the euphyllophyte plexus that gave rise to seed plants: insights from an Early Devonian radiatopsid.

An abrupt transition in the fossil record separates Early Devonian euphyllophytes with a simple structure from a broad diversity of structurally complex Middle-Late Devonian plants. Morphological evolution and phylogeny across this transition are poorly understood due to incomplete sampling of the fossil record. We document a new Early Devonian radiatopsid and integrate it in analyses addressing euphyllophyte relationships. Anatomically preserved Emsian fossils (402-394 Ma) from the Battery Point Formation (Gaspe, Quebec, Canada) are studied in serial sections. The phylogenetic analysis is based on a matrix of 31 taxa and 50 characters emphasising vegetative morphology (41 discrete, nine continuous). The new plant, Kenrickia bivena gen. et sp. nov., is one of very few structurally complex euphyllophytes documented in the Early Devonian. Inclusion of Kenrickia overturns previously established phylogenetic relationships among Radiatopses, reiterating the need for increased density of Early Devonian taxon sampling. Kenrickia is recovered as the sister lineage to all other radiatopsids, a clade in which paraphyletic Stenokoleales led to a lignophyte clade where archaeopterids and seed plants fall into sister clades. Our results shed light on early euphyllophyte relationships and evolution, indicating early exploration of structural complexity by multiple lineages and reiterating the potential of a single origin of secondary growth in euphyllophytes.
Peer-to-peer health promotion interventions among African American men: a scoping review protocol.

Health promotion efforts among African American men have been met with significant challenges and have produced limited results. Interventions that do not align with the values, perspectives, and preferences of African American men often produce less effective results. Research among African American men has provided compelling evidence that these men prefer informal networks of health support. Recent successful health promotion efforts among these men have benefited from peer-to-peer models of implementation. To date, no known scoping or systematic review of peer-to-peer health promotion interventions among African American men has been conducted. The goal of this scoping review is to understand the extent of, design, implementation, and use of peer-to-peer interventions to promote health, improve quality of life, and prevent disease among African American men. A review of the literature will be performed in PubMED, EMBASE, PsycInfo, CINAHL, and Web of Science. The development of this protocol was guided by the work of Arksey and O’Malley and the PICOS statement. Reporting will be guided by the PRISMA-ScR checklist. Eligible studies include those testing the effects of a peer-to-peer health promotion intervention targeting African American men. A comparison group will not be required. For the purposes of the current review, “peers” will be limited to other African American men. An initial screening of the titles and abstracts of potentially eligible studies will be completed by two independent reviewers. The full text of records that appear to meet the eligibility criteria will be accessed and further screened. Data will then be extracted and collected using a custom Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. Extracted data will include authors’ name and publication year, target health issue(s), design of the intervention, components of the intervention, peer-led components of the intervention, peer role, length and type of training for peer leaders, intervention duration, frequency of the intervention, study design and number of participants, and main outcomes. Finally, results will be presented in table format and summarized in text format. Results will have implications for the design, implementation, and evaluation of health promotion interventions among African American men. PROSPERO CRD42020198664
Complexity and Categoricity of Injection Structures Induced by Finite State Transducers

An injection structure \({\mathcal A}= (A,f)\) is a set A together with a one-place one-to-one function f. \({\mathcal A}\) is a Finite State Transducer (abbreviated FST) injection structure if A is a regular set, that is, the set of words accepted by some finite automaton, and f is realized by a deterministic finite-state transducer. We study the complexity of the character of an FST injection structure. We also examine the effective categoricity of such structures.
A southwestern grassroots community coalition of undocumented Mexican community members: A location for bridging resources and sociopolitical action.

The current nativist and ethnocentric policies and rhetoric put forward in the United States have compromised the safety of undocumented Hispanic/Latinx Americans. Many in these communities abstain from overt action toward change. Nonetheless, there are examples of community members who embrace the narrative "undocumented and unafraid." Through in-depth individual interviews and focus groups, we qualitatively examined how undocumented Mexican community coalition members (N = 10), focused on enacting socio-political change on behalf of their predominantly Mexican southwestern community, understood the role of their group as a venue for bridging resources and social action. Findings centered on three specific broad themes: (1) Meeting Community Needs: A Disconnection from Resources; (2) Community Coalition as a Space for Bridging Resources; and (3) Community Coalition as a Space for Activism and Social Change.
Pentose metabolism in Candida. 3. The triphosphopyridine nucleotide-specific polyol dehydrogenase of Candida utilis.

Abstract Extracts of Candida utilis grown in the presence of xylose contain a triphosphopyridine nucleotide (TPN)-specific polyol dehydrogenase which catalyzes the reversible reduction of a number of aldoses to the corresponding polyols. The activity is low in glucose-grown cells, but growth on a mixture of glucose and xylose does not yield a diauxic growth curve, and induction of the enzyme by xylose does not appear to be prevented by the presence of glucose. The enzyme has been purified about 30-fold from extracts of commercially grown cells. The purified enzyme was active with a wide variety of sugars but appeared to prefer sugars having the hydroxyl group at carbon-2 in the d -glyccro- configuration. The reverse reaction was demonstrable with concentrations of polyol in the range of 0.1–0.3 m . The Michaelis constants for d -xylose and xylitol were found to be 2.8 × 10 −2 and 0.53 m , respectively, and for TPNH and TPN, 1.6 × 10 −5 and 1.4 × 10 −4 m , respectively. There is no activity with DPNH or DPN. The purified enzyme preparations are homogeneous in disc gel electrophoresis and by sedimentation analysis. The molecular weight obtained by equilibrium ultracentrifugation was 69,700. Amino acid analysis showed the enzyme to be rich in acidic and neutral amino acids and poor in methionine, half-cystine, and histidine.
Rum, Sodomy, and the Lash: Piracy, Sexuality, and Masculine Identity

Reviewed Medium: book Authors: Hans Turley Year: 1999 Pages: ix + 199 Publisher: New York University Press Prices: $19.00
Bandpass /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulator employing undersampling of RF signals for wireless communication

The rapid development of digital wireless systems has led to a need for high-resolution and high-speed bandpass analog-to-digital converters. Continuous-time bandpass /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulators are very suitable for such high frequency applications. In this paper, analysis and simulation of a continuous-time bandpass /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulator for use in modern cellular/PCS receivers is given. The design employs undersampling relative to a radio receiver's radio frequency (RF) or intermediate frequency (IF) center frequency, while oversampling the signal bandwidth. This technique enables clocking at a frequency much lower than the RF/IF frequency, allowing use of standard CMOS technology and reducing the complexity and power consumption of subsequent digital signal processing stages. The analysis shows that it is possible to achieve a loop transfer function that matches a standard discrete-time bandpass /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulator while operating at sample rates significantly lower than conventional bandpass architectures.
Capture-based automated test input generation

Testing object-oriented software is critical because object-oriented languages have been commonly used in developing modern software systems. Many efficient test input generation techniques for object-oriented software have been proposed; however, state-of-the-art algorithms yield very low code coverage (e.g., less than 50%) on large-scale software. Therefore, one important and yet challenging problem is to generate desirable input objects for receivers and arguments that can achieve high code coverage (such as branch coverage) or help reveal bugs. Desirable objects help tests exercise the new parts of the code. However, generating desirable objects has been a significant challenge for automated test input generation tools, partly because the search space for such desirable objects is huge. To address this significant challenge, we propose a novel approach called Capture-based Automated Test Input Generation for Objected-Oriented Unit Testing (CAPTIG). The contributions of this proposed research are the following. First, CAPTIG enhances method-sequence generation techniques. Our approach introduces a set of new algorithms for guided input and method selection that increase code coverage. In addition, CAPTIG efficently reduces the amount of generated input. Second, CAPTIG captures objects dynamically from program execution during either system testing or real use. These captured inputs can support existing automated test input generation tools, such as a random testing tool called Randoop, to achieve higher code coverage. Third, CAPTIG statically analyzes the observed branches that had not been covered and attempts to exercise them by mutating existing inputs, based on the weakest precondition analysis. This technique also contributes to achieve higher code coverage. Fourth, CAPTIG can be used to reproduce software crashes, based on crash stack trace. This feature can considerably reduce cost for analyzing and removing causes of the crashes. In addition, each CAPTIG technique can be independently applied to leverage existing testing techniques. We anticipate our approach can achieve higher code coverage with a reduced duration of time with smaller amount of test input. To evaluate this new approach, we performed experiments with well-known large-scale open-source software and discovered our approach can help achieve higher code coverage with fewer amounts of time and test inputs.
A Novel Instructional Approach That Integrates Clinical and Basic Science Knowledge in the First Semester of a Medical Curriculum

Integration of basic science and clinical knowledge has become a very important topic in medical education curriculum development [1–4]. In the Molecular Medicine course, our program has developed a unique method of integrating clinical knowledge into a pure basic science course that is designed to prepare students for systems courses while retaining basic science knowledge. Course evaluations demonstrate that students feel this design is successful in promoting clinical relevance and integrating basic science and clinical topics. This is vital for the development of a basic science and clinical reasoning foundation to carry students forward into their clinical years.
Expanding Educational Opportunities: In Disaster Response and Emergency Preparedness for Nurses

Abstract The past few years have witnessed a dramatic increase in the number of large-scale disaster events and the ubiquitous threat of weapons of mass destruction. These events have heightened recognition of the role of the nurse in disaster management and response. Enhanced capacity to respond to disasters and other public health emergencies will require a nursing work-force that is clinically experienced and possesses the knowledge and skills necessary to respond with confidence and authority. This article reports on how American schools of nursing have begun to address the challenge of workforce development and nurse preparedness. The University of Rochester Leadership in Health Care Systems in Disaster Response and Emergency Preparedness Program is described in detail.
An in vitro regenerated functional human endothelium on a nanofibrous electrospun scaffold.

Abstract The capacity of the luminal layer of an electrospun bi-layer scaffold composed of gelatin, elastin, polycaprolactone (PCL), and poliglecaprone (PGC) to promote endothelial regeneration was investigated using human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). HAECs of different densities were cultured on a thin film of the luminal layer of the scaffold mounted on a cell crown for desired periods. Fluorescent images showed that HAECs formed a mono-layer within 24 h after having successfully adhered to the scaffold's surface. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed a satisfactory coverage by the HAECs. Death rates of HAECs populations determined by fluorescent staining were below 5% within the initial 3 days while the profile of proliferation exhibited an exponential increase within 11 days as determined by the 3-[4,5-dimethyl(thiazol-2yl)-3,5-diphery] tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The functionalities of the endothelial mono-layer were probed by ZO-1 staining for tight junction formation, by 6-keto-PGF 1α assay for prostacyclin (PGI 2 ) secretion, and by human platelets for its anti-thrombotic capability. The results indicated that the regenerated endothelium possessed normal functions associated with native endothelium. This study suggests that this electrospun bi-layer scaffold is a promising candidate for cardiovascular grafting for its capability of promoting the regeneration of a functional endothelium to prevent blood clotting in small diameter grafts.
Cross-flow blowing of a two-dimensional stationary arc.

It is demonstrated in an analysis that the electrons emitted from the cathode undergo collisions with the heavy particles and are deflected in the flow direction by the component of a collisional force associated with the relative difference in flow velocities between electrons and heavy particles. The resultant motion of the electrons describing the arc is thus caused by a combined action of the collisional force that results from the externally applied electric field. An expression is given which enables computation of the arc shape to be made provided the velocity distribution of the cross-flow and the distribution of the externally applied electric field are prescribed.
The magnetic susceptibility of spinach ferredoxin from 77–250°K: A measurement of the antiferromagnetic coupling between the two iron atoms☆

Abstract The magnetic susceptibility of oxidized and reduced spinach ferredoxin has been measured over the temperature range 77–250°K. Anomalous behavior is observed in both oxidation states and the data can be interpreted by assuming an exchange interaction between the metal ions. The exchange constant is estimated to be 183 cm −1 in oxidized ferredoxin and ≤ 100 cm −1 in reduced ferredoxin.
Efficiently querying moving objects with pre-defined paths in a distributed environment

Due to the recent growth of the World Wide Web, numerous spatio-temporal applications can obtain their required information from publicly available web sources. We consider those sources maintaining moving objects with predefined paths and schedules, and investigate different plans to perform queries on the integration of these data sources efficiently. Examples of such data sources are networks of railroad paths and schedules for trains running between cities connected through these networks. A typical query on such data sources is to find all trains that pass through a given point on the network within a given time interval. We show that traditional filter+semi-join plans would not result in efficient query response times on distributed spatio-temporal sources. Hence, we propose a novel spatio-temporal filter, called deviation filter, that exploits both the spatial and temporal characteristics of the sources in order to improve the selectivity. We also report on our experiments in comparing the performances of the alternative query plans and conclude that the plan with spatio-temporal filter is the most viable and superior plan.
Enhancing Instructions Using Interactive Multimedia Simulations

In this paper, simulations to enhance learning and retention in a course in Civil Engineering (Soil Mechanics) are presented. One type of simulation deals with the delivery of course con tent to better elucidate on selected basic concepts using interactive animations. Another type of simulation deals with the development of a vir tual laboratory in which the student can conduct laboratory tests and interpret the results as if they were in a real laboratory. Both of these types of simulations can be delivered on the Web or on portable storage media such as CD. The simula tions are integrated into an interactive multimedia courseware that contains interactive problem solving, electronic quizzes, a glossary, notation, a notepad, and computer program utilities in ad dition to the virtual laboratory and interactive animations of the selected topics. The simulations were developed using various royalty-free, com mercial software such as Authorware. Prelimi nary evaluations indicate that simulations can signific...
The Biology of Business: Decoding the Natural Laws of Enterprise

The article reviews the book “The Biology of Business: Decoding the Natural Laws of Enterprise,” edited by John Henry Clippinger.
Identification of a Protein Mediating Respiratory Supercomplex Stability

Summary The complexes of the electron transport chain associate into large macromolecular assemblies, which are believed to facilitate efficient electron flow. We have identified a conserved mitochondrial protein, named respiratory supercomplex factor 1 (Rcf1—Yml030w), that is required for the normal assembly of respiratory supercomplexes. We demonstrate that Rcf1 stably and independently associates with both Complex III and Complex IV of the electron transport chain. Deletion of the RCF1 gene caused impaired respiration, probably as a result of destabilization of respiratory supercomplexes. Consistent with the hypothetical function of these respiratory assemblies, loss of RCF1 caused elevated mitochondrial oxidative stress and damage. Finally, we show that knockdown of HIG2A , a mammalian homolog of RCF1 , causes impaired supercomplex formation. We suggest that Rcf1 is a member of an evolutionarily conserved protein family that acts to promote respiratory supercomplex assembly and activity.
Cylindrical oscillations of force-free electromagnetic fields

The force-free electromagnetic field represents a natural generalization of the well-known force-free magnetic field model and allows the magnetic field to maintain electric charge separation. The basic equation for the cylindrical oscillations of the force-free electromagnetic field is obtained and solved for a linear case. The spectrum of possible resonances in a magnetized atmosphere is discussed.
A Simulation-Based Optimization Approach to a Lost Sale Stochastic Inventory Model

This paper describes a stochastic inventory model where the control review system is periodic; demand contains auto-correlated components; and categorized as a lost sale case. The authors propose a simulation-based optimization based on using a combination of simulated annealing, pattern search, and ranking and selection methods to search and approximate solutions to this problem. Simulated annealing is employed to stochastically nominate and pre-select solutions in a decision space. Pattern search is used to systematically define a grid of competitive neighbors around pre-selected solutions. Ranking and selection is used to evaluate the performance of such competing pre-selected alternatives. On one hand, results show that service level in terms of filling rates deteriorate as the autocorrelation grows and is ignored. In contrast, service levels were kept almost invariable to the effects of the serially correlated components for solutions suggested using the proposed algorithm.
Risky Talk: Framing the Analysis of the Social Implications of Nanotechnology.

Nanotechnology promises to amend an understanding of elemental properties, alter the basic techniques of manufacturing, and improve disease diagnosis. There is a disconnect among the positive predictions of scientists and researchers, the fears of public interest groups, and the developers of products. A new framework for evaluating the social implications of nanotechnology will permit a dialogue among interest groups, who currently fail to effectively communicate with one another. Each instance of nanotechnology application will likely have its own unique attributes, but this framework for evaluating the social implications of nanotechnology will address three questions: How do problems become visible to the social groups that contribute to the framing of technology? What kind of language do social groups use to express significance? How does risk standardization contribute to technology stabilization? The suggested framework compares the ways that risk is discussed in military applications, consumer pro...
Erratum to: Hyperelliptic curves with prescribed p-torsion

[1] Achter, J.D., Pries, R.: The p-rank strata of the moduli space of hyperelliptic curves.arXiv:0902.4637[2] Bosch, S., Lutkebohmert, W., Raynaud, M.: Neron Models, Ergebnisse der Mathema-tik und ihrer Grenzgebiete (3). Results in Mathematics and Related Areas (3), vol. 21.Springer, Berlin (1990)[3] Cornalba, M., Harris, J.: Divisor classes associated to families of stable varieties, withapplications to the moduli space of curves. Ann. Sci. Ecole Norm. Sup. (4)