cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Metropolitan Governance in Latin America

Over the past half century Latin America has witnessed very rapid urbanization and the development of several massive metropolitan areas sprawling across many governmental jurisdictions. As a region with a strong historical and cultural experience of centralization and a weak local governance tradition, Latin America would seem like a very fertile ground for the emergence of strong metropolitan governments. Nevertheless, this has not been the case.
Abstract 3566: Targeting CD99 in T-cell neoplasms

Introduction: CD99 is a 32 kDa transmembrane protein that regulates T cell maturation and the transendothelial migration of leukocytes. CD99 is also routinely used as a biomarker to aid in the diagnosis of T-cell acute lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia (T-ALL), Ewing sarcoma, and neuroendocrine tumors. We have previously shown that monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed against CD99 effectively induce cytotoxicity in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), however, it remains unclear whether CD99 is a viable therapeutic target in T-cell neoplasms. Design: CD99 protein expression was assessed on 115 lymphoma patient samples by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using tissue microarrays. CD99 expression was also measured by flow cytometry on mature T-cell lymphoma cell lines, T-ALL cell lines, and peripheral blood (PB) T-cells. Cell lines exhibiting the highest levels of CD99 expression were used for in vitro cytotoxicity assays and were incubated with 40 μg/ml of anti-CD99 mAbs (DN16, O13, or 12E7) in the presence of increasing concentrations of an anti-IgG cross-linking antibody (Ab) (50-100 μg/ml). Cell survival and morphology were assessed by flow cytometry and light microscopy 72 hours following incubation with anti-CD99 mAbs. Results: Various T-cell neoplasms showed CD99 expression by IHC based on a 5% cut-off: 11/20 (55%) T lymphoblastic lymphomas, 7/16 (44%) angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphomas, 4/13 (31%) anaplastic large cell lymphomas (ALCLs), 10/63 (16%) peripheral T-cell lymphomas, and 0/3 (0%) NK/T cell lymphomas. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that CD99 is up-regulated on Karpas-299 (ALCL) and Kopt-K1 (T-ALL) cell lines relative to PB T-cells (normalized MFI’s: 56.1, 39.5, 20.5), while low levels of CD99 were expressed on Mac2A (ALCL), Hut78 (sezary syndrome), and Hut102 (mycosis fungoides) cell lines (normalized MFI’s: 0.19, 10.9, 0.5, respectively). Incubations of Kopt-K1 cells with DN16 or 12E7 induced significant cell death in the presence of increasing concentrations of anti-IgG Ab relative to IgG isotype control (DN16: 70-81% cell death, p≤.0002; 12E7: 42-78% cell death, p≤.0003). Karpas-299 incubations with DN16 or O13 also led to significant reductions in cell numbers in the presence of anti-IgG Ab (O13: 25% cell death with 75 μg/ml anti-IgG Ab, p Conclusions: Our studies show that CD99 is expressed on T-ALL blasts and T-cell lymphomas, particularly in ALCL. Anti-CD99 mAbs are cytotoxic to T-ALL and ALCL cell lines in the presence of anti-IgG Ab, suggesting that cross-linking or multimerization of CD99 is required to induce cell death. Collectively, these studies indicate that targeting CD99 with therapeutic mAbs may represent a novel strategy in the treatment of multiple T-cell neoplasms. Citation Format: Montreh Tavakkoli*, Dong H. Lee, Stephen S. Chung, Christopher Y. Park. Targeting CD99 in T-cell neoplasms. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 3566. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-3566
Effectiveness of Bupivacaine Liposome Injectable Suspension for Postoperative Pain Control in Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Prospective, Randomized, Double Blind, Controlled Study.

Abstract Background We compared the effectiveness of liposomal bupivacaine to ropivacaine, each as part of multimodal pain management, in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) postoperative pain control. Methods This prospective, double blind study randomized 96 TKA patients into a control group (periarticular injection of ropivacaine, ketorolac, morphine, and epinephrine in saline; 100cc) or an experimental group (periarticular injection of bupivacaine, ketorolac, morphine, and epinephrine in saline; 80cc plus 1.3% liposomal bupivacaine 20cc; total injection 100cc). The postoperative use of narcotics, visual analog pain scores, hours to ambulate 100 feet, and length of hospital stay were recorded. Results There was no significant difference between the two groups (control N = 49, experiment N = 47) in mean narcotic use per hour, total narcotic use during hospital stay, time to ambulate 100 feet, length of hospital stay, or visual analog score for pain postoperatively. Conclusion There is no benefit in the use of liposomal bupivacaine compared with ropivacaine for postoperative pain control in TKA.
ATAVE: A framework for automatic timing attack vulnerability evaluation

Timing leakage can be exploited to break a cryptographic system. Even though timing attacks have been well-researched for the past decade, recent system implementations remain highly vulnerable to these attacks. There is a critical need to develop a framework for automatic evaluation of vulnerability of a design against these attacks, so that integrated circuit designers can understand the vulnerability and take appropriate actions to counter them. In this paper, we proposed a novel CAD tool framework for automatic timing attack vulnerability evaluation, referred to as ATAVE, with associated algorithms and metrics. RSA implementation using Montgomery multiplication with square-and-multiply algorithm is efficiently analyzed using ATAVE.
A critical materialist entry into the comforts and dangers in defining academics' of science teaching and learning research communities

Research on science teaching and learning commonly makes use of reductionism to specify conditions of science learning. In my studies of academics’-of-science-teaching-&-learning (academics’-of-st&l) research practices and values, I discuss how philosophic inquiry shifted my research practices from reductionism to critical (or, “new”) materialism, where critical materialism is a research approach attuned to the materiality of social practices. Reading materiality as affectual, intellectual, and spatial components of practices turns my attention toward the logics informing academics’-of-st&l research practices as well as the comfortable and dangerous effects of particular practices on our connectible landscape. In this forum response, I briefly explore multiple logics informing academics’-of-st&l conference attendance choices, in addition to these choices’ alignment to communal definition rendered by governmental and conference entities. I also explore other modes of communal boundary-marking experienced by academics-of-st&l that do not make use of formal definitions, but suggest that it is in the minutiae of conference relating that academics-of-st&l construct their sensing of communal un/boundedness. With these explorations, I hope to generate awareness of the small shifts that re-configuring practices can make possible in academics’-of-st&l connectivity.
Get Your Mobile App Out the Door

The increased speed and vast number of mobile products being released into the market has demanded that Oracle design and develop mobile products faster. These applications must be innovative to stay competitive in the market place. We will present a rapid design and research process that has been used to create a superior mobile expenses application. This process assisted in learning user requirements, validating concepts, and getting detailed usability feedback.
Two Operational Modes of Transmembrane Migration of Cyclic Gmp Signal Pathway

The transformation of a normal cell into a terminal stage of malignancy is a multiple-step biological process in which the initial signal appears to activate a protooncogene into an active oncogene. In this activation process growth factors, including catecholamines and polypeptide hormones, play an important role in the oncogene expression. The mechanisms by which the extracellular signals, such as those of the growth factors, are translated into biological responses is therefore an important problem in both regulatory and cancer biology. There are at present three recognized signal pathways -- cyclic AMP, phosphatidylinositol, and cyclic GMP -- for the propagation of these receptor-mediated events. In my presentation I will address the most recent developments on the nature and the mechanisms of the generation and regulation of transmembrane migration of receptor-mediated cyclic GMP signals. There appear to be at least two very different (direct and indirect) modes of operation of this signal pathway, suggesting the existence of at least two different types of receptor-coupled guanylate cyclases. To date, only one such guanylate cyclase (ANF-dependent) has been identified, which appears to be bifunctional; it is both an ANF receptor and a guanylate cyclase. But evidence strongly suggests the existence of another type of guanylate cyclase that is indirectly coupled to the guanylate cyclase. Both modes of cyclic GMP operational systems at the membrane level appear to be down regulated by protein kinase C, representing a close interaction of the two major cyclic GMP and protein kinase C signal pathways in the generation and regulation of cyclic GMP signals.
A Measured Metric Statement.

In recent years, there has been an abun dance of articles, speeches, workshops, ma terials, guidelines, resolutions, and even laws concerning the adoption of the metric system in the United States. The positions taken tend toward either vehement opposi tion or unquestioning approval. The pur pose of this article is to state the case for a middle-road approach that seems to us more in line with the realities of our cul tural, economic, and political processes than most of the materials that we have seen. It seems to us that the problems of conversion to a new system of measure ment are far more complex than is sup posed by a good many teachers and some educational organizations. But lest we be misunderstood, we state categorically that we are in favor of a changeover to the met ric system as soon as possible. Most everyone recognizes and accepts the fact that the United States is moving in exorably, though slowly, toward a compre hensive system of metric measurement. The metric system is the only system ever to receive specific legislative sanction by the Congress, in 1866. In 1971, the admin istration recommended a gradual change over during a ten-year period at the end of which the country would be predominately metric. In 1975, the Metric Conversion Act was passed by Congress and a Metric Board was established to assist those indus tries that chose to convert. However, in that act, the government itself assumed a neu tral stand on conversion. Now, in 1980, the beginning of the ten-year conversion pe riod has not been officially declared. A re cent study by the General Accounting Of Some insights into how we can balance the pressures for total conversion to the metric system and those forces that prefer the customary system.
Understanding and Addressing Achievement Gaps During the First Four Years of School in the United States

One of the most urgent educational challenges in the United States is eliminating the large achievement differences among racial and ethnic groups (Jencks & Phillips 1998; Lee 2002; Rothstein 2004; Thernstrom & Thernstrom 2003). Although this challenge has existed throughout the history of the country, it has taken on increased urgency in the current era of educational accountability. This urgency is perhaps best reflected in the landmark federal legislation, the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act, which requires annual testing of students and holds schools and districts accountable for demonstrating annual progress in improving the achievement of all students. In fact, one goal of NCLB includes, “closing the achievement gap between high- and low-performing children, especially the achievement gaps between minority and non-minority students, and between disadvantaged children and their more advantaged peers” (U.S. Dept. of Education 2003: Title 1, Sec. 1001).
Rapid Increases in Bat Activity and Diversity after Wetland Construction in an Urban Ecosystem

Wetland construction can mitigate the biodiversity and water quality losses associated with reduced natural wetland coverage. While beneficial effects of wetland construction for bats have been observed in natural and rural settings, the effects of wetland construction on bats in an urban ecosystem are less understood. We used passive acoustic monitoring to measure bat activity levels and diversity at two constructed wetlands and two control sites on the University of North Carolina Greensboro campus, in Greensboro, North Carolina, USA. We monitored all 4 sites before and after wetland construction. Pre-wetland construction, there were few differences in bat activity and community structure at our sites. After wetland construction, we observed greater activity, attributable to all species we recorded, at wetland sites compared to control sites. Species diversity and species richness were also higher at wetland sites compared to control sites. When comparing the same sites before and after wetland construction, both bat activity and species richness increased after construction, but the effects were seen in Winter and not Spring. Our results demonstrate that bats use constructed wetlands in urban ecosystems similarly to other habitat settings. Increases in bat activity, diversity, and species richness occurred within one year of wetland construction.
Cryo-EM Structure of OSCA1.2 from Oryza sativa: Mechanical basis of hyperosmolality-gating in Plants

Sensing and responding to environmental water deficiencies is essential for the growth, development and survival of plants. Recently, an osmolality-sensing ion channel called OSCA1 was discovered that functions in sensing hyperosmolarity in Arabidopsis. Here, we report the cryo-EM structure and function of an ion channel from rice (Oryza stativa; OsOSCA1.2), showing how it mediates hyperosmolality sensing and ion permeability. The structure reveals a dimer, the molecular architecture of each subunit consists of eleven transmembrane helices and a cytosolic soluble domain that has homology to RNA recognition proteins. The transmembrane domain is structurally related to the TMEM16 family of calcium dependent ion channels and scramblases. The cytosolic soluble domain possesses a distinct structural feature in the form of extended intracellular helical arms parallel to the plasma membrane and well positioned to sense lateral tension on the inner leaflet of the lipid bilayer caused by changes in turgor pressure. Computational dynamic analysis suggests how this domain couples to the transmembrane domain to open the channel and HDX mass spectrometry experimentally confirmed the conformational dynamics of these coupled domains. The structure provides a framework to understand the structural basis of hyperosmolality sensing in crop plants, extending our knowledge of the anoctamin superfamily important for plants and fungi as well as structural mechanisms that can translate membrane stress to ion transporter regulation.
Anionic templating: synthesis, structure, and characterization of novel three-dimensional mixed-metal oxychlorides Te(4)M(3)O(15).Cl (M = Nb(5+) or Ta(5+)).

Two new three-dimensional oxychlorides are reported, Te 4 M 3 O 1 5 . Cl (M = Nb 5 + or Ta 5 + ). The isostructural materials were synthesized by chemical transport reactions utilizing TeO 2 , M 2 O 5 , and MCl 5 (M = Nb 5 + or Ta 5 + ) as reagents. The compounds exhibit a three-dimensional cationic tunnel framework, with Cl - anions occupying the tunnels. Crystal data: monoclinic, space group C2/c, a = 18.9944(7) A, b = 7.8314(3) A, c = 21.1658(8) A, β = 116.6400(10)°, Z = 8 (T = 295 K).
Increased Tdap and Influenza Vaccination Acquisition Among Patients Participating in Group Prenatal Care

CenteringPregnancy, an alternative to traditional prenatal care, offers additional time between clinicians and patients with the goal of increasing knowledge, understanding, and autonomy in pregnant participants. We investigated whether these women would be more likely to receive recommended Tdap and influenza vaccinations relative to others who received one-on-one traditional prenatal care. Our study employed a retrospective chart review of all women who participated in CenteringPregnancy group care compared to a group of matched women who received only traditional prenatal care at a large, quaternary care referral academic center. We extracted demographic and clinical characteristics from charts that included maternal age during pregnancy care and parity. Outcome variables of interest were influenza and Tdap vaccination status. Compared with traditional obstetrical care patients, women who participated in CenteringPregnancy were 1.7–2.7 times more likely to obtain the Tdap and influenza vaccines. These findings may be attributable to the increased opportunity for patient education and social support offered by the CenteringPregnancy model.
Responses to traveling Indian ayahs in nineteenth and early twentieth century Britain

Abstract The expansion of the British Empire facilitated movement for both colonizers and colonized across the world. This study focuses on Indian traveling ayahs (female servants and nannies) who traveled between India and Britain, but often underwent periods of destitution in Britain before returning to India. Using case studies of destitute ayahs, this essay investigates how the British state, British persons and British institutions responded to the destitution of imperial subjects from overseas in Britain during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The study examines the social, legal and economic power dynamics underlying these responses, revealing a combination of confrontation and collaboration between migrant colonized subjects and those engaging with them in responding to contradictory imperial polices. The article highlights the agency of a neglected group of women who, in asserting their contribution to the Empire and their rights as imperial subjects, refused to accept a second-class form of Britishness.
Ultra-long DNA molecule isolation from plant nuclei for ultra-long read genome sequencing

Summary Long and ultra-long read DNA sequencing technologies require high molecular weight DNA with high quality and sufficient quantity, which could be challenging to obtain from recalcitrant plant tissues. We describe a protocol to isolate ultra-long DNA from 12 species for ultra-long read genome sequencing. A suitable nuclei lysis buffer is critical for DNA quality and yield. This protocol will enable individual labs to isolate high molecular weight DNA at a rapid pace with low cost from a variety of plant species. For complete information on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to: Zhang et al. (2020) .
Other amputee officers in Nelson’s navy

Throughout the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, the Royal Navy had a peculiar problem: it had too many talented and ambitious officers, all competing for a limited number of command positions. Gi...
Eastern and Central Europeans, Health of

The political transition into democracy led to particularly sweeping changes in Eastern and Central Europe. Variations in health status between countries and the epidemiology of disease cannot be attributed to specific, discrete factors, but rather emerge from the complex interaction of regional instability in both social and economic environments. Important health considerations include the instability of mortality and life expectancy rates, as well as the emergence of HIV as a national concern, particularly in the female population. Keywords: Europe; health; health care
HYDROGEN - HELIUM EXPANSION FROM THE SUN

In general, solar wind models have treated a plasma consisting of hydrogen-ions and electrons. However, already the first measurements of the properties of the interplanetary medium taken in 1962 by Mariner 2 had indicated that a-particles were the most important minor ion constituent in the solar wind, accounting for approximately 4% of the total number of ions at 1 AU. The helium abundance in the solar wind has been measured on many subsequent spacecraft (Pioneer 6, Vela 3, Explorer 34) and even by the Apollo solar wind experiments on the moon. The equations required to represent the complete model of a steady-state hydrogen-helium-electron plasma are extremely complicated and difficult to solve. Thus to enable us to make some progress at all in trying to understand the motion of such a two-ion gas, let us use the simplest of all possible models, being fully aware of its shortcomings yet hoping that we might learn something from its, admittedly crude, quantitative and qualitative features.
GADD153/CHOP, a DNA Damage-inducible Protein, Reduced CAAT/Enhancer Binding Protein Activities and Increased Apoptosis in 32D cl3 Myeloid Cells

GADD153/CHOP is a DNA damage-inducible, nuclear leucine zipper protein that is capable of producing a G1-S arrest in fibroblastic cells and of dimerizing with and inhibiting CAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) activities. CHOP was induced in 32D cl3 myeloid cells exposed to methylmethane sulfonate (MMS), a DNA alkylating agent. The degree of induction was dependent upon the dose of MMS to which the cells were exposed. CHOP was not expressed, at least at similar levels, during 32D cl3 cell granulocytic differentiation or during their apoptosis upon growth factor withdrawal. High-level expression of exogenous CHOP in 32D cl3 cells markedly inhibited the trans-activation activities of endogenous C/EBPs. These cells proliferated in IL-3, although low-level ongoing apoptosis not observed with control cells was detected. When these cultures were transferred to granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), the majority of the cells underwent apoptosis, although the levels of CHOP did not increase. Similarly, 32D cl3 cells treated with doses of MMS sufficient to induce endogenous CHOP underwent apoptosis more rapidly when placed in G-CSF-containing, compared with interleukin 3 (IL-3)-containing, medium. However, induction of CHOP by MMS was similar in IL-3 and in G-CSF. The heightened sensitivity of 32D l13 cells to CHOP in G-CSF could result either from the loss of IL-3-specific signals or from increased expression of C/EBPs. Because myeloid leukemias express C/EBPalpha, induction of CHOP might contribute to their chemotherapy-induced apoptosis, and alterations in CHOP expression could contribute to their development of chemotherapy resistance.
Conduction velocity distribution of afferent fibers innervating the rat urinary bladder.

Abstract The conduction velocities of individual afferent fibers innervating the rat urinary bladder were determined by the antidromic stimulation of dorsal roots while recording from bladder postganglionic nerves. Conduction velocities ranged from 0.5 to 21.0 m/s; 70% of the velocities were less than 2.5 m/s. The distribution within the dorsal roots was ipsilateral with 84% in L6 and 16% in S1. Neuroanatomical tracing with horseradish peroxidase applied to individual bladder postganglionic nerves resulted in ipsilateral labeling of dorsal root ganglion cells with 77% in L6, 20% in S1, and 3% in L1–L2. Ultrastructural examination of bladder postganglionic nerves revealed some myelinated fibers (average diameter: 2.6 μm) and many unmyelinated fibers. Therefore, in the rat, most of the bladder afferent fibers appear to be unmyelinated, although a population of myelinated afferent fibers is also present. Bladder afferent fibers enter the spinal cord mainly in segment L6 with a minor fraction entering in S1.
Nonlinear index of air at 1.053 microm.

We have measured absolutely the intensity-dependent change in the state of elliptical polarization of a well-characterized 1-ns laser beam propagating in 68 m of air, at intensities ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 GW/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$. From the data we deduce a value for the nonlinear susceptibility coefficient ${c}_{1221}$(-\ensuremath{\omega},\ensuremath{\omega},\ensuremath{\omega},-\ensuremath{\omega}) for air at 20 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C and 1.053 \ensuremath{\mu}m of (20\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}5)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}19}$ esu, corresponding to a nonlinear index ${n}_{2}$=1.0\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}16}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$ ${\mathrm{erg}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$. This value is consistent with the value inferred from low-power Kerr and harmonic-generation measurements in ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ and ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$, but it is approximately one half of a previously reported experimental value for air. We also replaced 58 m of the air path with argon gas at 1 atm pressure and verified that a substantial reduction in nonlinear beam refraction can thereby be achieved.
Atmospheric Turbidity and the Transmission of Ultraviolet Sunlight

Recent determinations of the solar ultraviolet spectrum made by various authors are examined and an attempt is made to explain the high transmission values found by some of these in terms of the forward scattering characteristic of Mie particles of a moderate refractive index. The Bouguer-Langley method used heretofore in the reduction of data, is shown to be more or less inaccurate in the determination of the solar ultraviolet from ground stations.It is claimed that the nature and quantity of some aerosol components can be successfully investigated by means of solar spectrophotometry provided the difference between the “observed” and theoretical optical thickness is carefully analyzed in terms of the scattering by Mie particles and other non-Rayleigh scatterers permanently present in the atmosphere.
Ceria maintains smaller metal catalyst particles by strong metal-support bonding

The energies of silver (Ag) atoms in Ag nanoparticles supported on different cerium and magnesium oxide surfaces, determined from previous calorimetric measurements of metal adsorption energies, were analyzed with respect to particle size. Their stability was found to increase with particle size below 5000 atoms per particle. Silver nanoparticles of any given size below 1000 atoms had much higher stability (30 to 70 kilojoules per mole of silver atoms) on reduced CeO2(111) than on MgO(100). This effect is the result of the very large adhesion energy (approximately 2.3 joules per square meter) of Ag nanoparticles to reduced CeO2(111), which we found to be a result of strong bonding to both defects and CeO2(111) terraces, apparently localized by lattice strain. These results explain the unusual sinter resistance of late transition metal catalysts when supported on ceria.
Cloud computing for Air Traffic Management - Framework analysis

This paper presents a framework for transitioning Air Traffic Management (ATM) functions to cloud computing, for cost savings, and gains in performance and efficiency. With the established framework, initial analysis was carried out for NAS automation systems. The analysis revealed that it is technically feasible to transition most of the ATM functions to the cloud computing environment, with benefits significant to both the system owner and NAS end users. A study of recent development in the field also revealed that, while challenges exist, with the proper alignment of technical and investment decisions, transitioning of ATM functions to the cloud computing environment can be achieved much faster, and that it is already happening.
Management Principles of the Critically Ill Obstetric Patient

The goals in management of critically ill obstetric patients involve intensive monitoring and physiologic support for patients with life-threatening but potentially reversible conditions. Management principles of the mother should also take the fetus and gestational age into consideration. The most common reasons for intensive care admissions (ICU) in the United States and United Kingdom are hypertensive disorders, sepsis, and hemorrhage. The critically ill obstetric patient poses several challenges to the clinicians involved in her care, because of the anatomic and physiologic changes that take place during pregnancy.
Change of type in three-phase flow: A simple analogue

Abstract We consider a system of two conservation laws in one space variable which exhibits change of type (hyperbolic/elliptic): the characteristics are complex in a strip in phase space. This example has a structure similar to model systems which appear in three-phase porous medium flow, for example, in the saturation equations obtained employing Stone's model for the relative permeabilities. We solve the Riemann problem analytically for initial states in and near the elliptic strip.
Definition of supportive care: does the semantic matter?

Purpose of review‘Supportive care’ is a commonly used term in oncology; however, no consensus definition exists. This represents a barrier to communication in both the clinical and research settings. In this review, we propose a unifying conceptual framework for supportive care and discuss the prope
Dynamic programming and principles of optimality

Abstract A sequential decision model is developed in the context of which three principles of optimality are defined. Each of the principles is shown to be valid for a wide class of stochastic sequential decision problems. The relationship between the principles and the functional equations of dynamic programming is investigated and it is shown that the validity of each of them guarantees the optimality of the dynamic programming solutions. As no monotonicity assumption is made regarding the reward functions, the results presented in this paper resolve certain questions raised in the literature as to the relation among the principles of optimality and the optimality of the dynamic programming solutions.
Ruins: A Fake Documentary

Ruins:. Fake Documentary. Directed by Jesse Lerner. 1999.78 minutes, black and white, subtitled in Spanish and English. Distributed by Jesse Lerner, P.O. Box 24B53, Los Angeles CA 90024-1153. Tel./Fax(213) 482-3121.f
Effects of Phenformin HCL on Rats Subjected to Simulated High Altitude

Phenformin HCl has been reported to protect rats from the lethal effects of hypoxia of high altitude by preventing cardiovascular collapse. Hexamethonium Cl abolished the pressor response of phenformin HCl in cats providing additional evidence that one of the actions of phenformin is possible facilitation of ganglionic activity. The compound increased spontaneous motor activity of animals subjected to a simulated altitude of 6,400.8 m. (21,000 ft.) and produced a slight sedative effect in animals at normal atmospheric pressure. Phenformin HCl, 75 mg./kg., orally, markedly improved the lever-press shock-avoidance performance of rats at altitudes between 5,486.4 m. (18,000 ft.) and 7,315.2 m. (24,000 ft.). Altitudes in excess of 6,400.8 m. produced a much greater detrimental effect on learning than on performance and phenformin did not improve the ability of rats to learn an avoidance program at these elevated altitudes.
Integrated Behavioral Care Training in Family Practice Residency: Opportunities and Challenges

The value of integrated behavioral care has been noted for many years, but there are few descriptions of integrated training of primary care physicians, prescribing psychologists, and psychological/behavioral specialists. The authors describe a family practice residency program that trains family medicine physicians, prescribing psychology practicum students, and pre-doctoral and post-doctoral behavioral health consultants. Barriers to training in integrated care are described and solutions offered. The unique clinical and teaching roles of licensed prescribing psychologists in primary care are described.
Chandlerella quiscali (Onchocercidae: Filarioidea): cryopreservation and postfreezing viability of microfilaria in chickens.

Abstract Microfilariae of Chandlerella quiscali were collected from the heart and lung blood of common grackles (Quiscalus quiscula) and known numbers were suspended in cryoprotectants containing dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or glycerol. The microfilarial suspensions were placed in glass ampoules and frozen to −68 C using 3 to 5 C/min and 3 to 5 C/sec freezing rates in a dry ice-methanol bath or frozen by direct placement into an ultra-low-temperature (ULT) freezer at −68 C. The ampoules were then stored in the ULT freezer. Frozen microfilariae were thawed at varying time intervals by placing the ampoules into a 37 C water bath and then microfilariae were examined for motility. There was a significant difference in percentage microfilarial motility among the cryoprotectants: DMSO solutions were better cryoprotectants than Alsever's solution (containing glycerol) or Hanks' balanced salt solution. There was a difference among the freezing methods: Direct placement of the microfilarial suspensions into the ULT freezer resulted in significantly more microfilariae surviving in comparison with the step-down freezing procedures. Microfilariae frozen for 34 days were motile when thawed. When these frozen and thawed microfilariae were injected subcutaneously into 12-day-old chickens they continued to be motile and circulated in the blood of chickens for 56 days. Attempts to infect Culicoides variipennis with circulating microfilariae of Chandlerella quiscali from grackles and chickens were unsuccessful.
Lifelong Learning: A Dyadic Ecological Perspective

This paper examines lifelong learning in differentiating it from formal education, and emphasizes multiple theoretical perspectives in doing so. The theoretically based approaches emphasized here include contextualism and the multi-layered nature of the environment, the dialectics of interactions among students and instructors, the zone of proximal development, and person-environment fit. Examining lifelong learning from these perspectives deepens our understanding of such learners and has implications for future research examining lifelong learning, as well as for the design and implementation of interventions designed to foster positive intergenerational relationships.
Doctoral Origins of Contributors to the American Economic Review, 1960-72

Professor Sun concludes that publishing performance, adjusted for differences in the number of Ph.D.'s granted, is not a function of the quality of graduate schools. Larger institutions appear to have an advantage by turning out a larger number of Ph.D.'s, but no correlation was found when the number of contributors to the AER from a school was compared with the rating of its graduate programs.Economics departments may hope to improve their rating in doctoral programs by producing more Ph.D.'s and encouraging them to contribute to the AER, Professor Sun concludes.
Music and the Negotiation of Orthodox Jewish Gender Roles in Partnership Minyanim

Since 2002 a network of independent Orthodox Jewish prayer groups known as partnership minyanim have revolutionized gender roles within the prayer service. In these worship communities, women chant from the Torah and lead musically rich prayer services accompanied by the congregation’s robust harmonies. The first partnership minyan, Shira Hadasha (“A New Song”), has become known in Jerusalem as “the best show in town,” due to the exceptionally musical nature of their prayer services. Approximately 30 partnership minyanim have since emerged in Israel, America, Canada, and Australia, which have all retained this emphasis on song. This paper examines the importance of music in these prayer groups, exploring the relationship between music and the negotiation of fixed tradition. I suggest that the musical opportunities provided by partnership minyanim are very significant to worshipers in these settings, making space for women to gain a physical voice in the synagogue. In addition, the musical environment of partnership minyanim also facilitates a dramatic change for men, as they shift from being the outward projecting voice to the inward receiving, but also enabling, ear. Through an investigation of music’s role in gender performance and the exploration of the habitus, this paper suggests that through this new gendering of musical roles, partnership minyanim produce an alternative identity for the children who attend these services, which may have large implications for the future of Jewish Orthodoxy.
Matrilin-2 Is Proteolytically Cleaved by ADAMTS-4 and ADAMTS-5

Matrilin-2 is a widely distributed, oligomeric extracellular matrix protein that forms a filamentous network by binding to a variety of different extracellular matrix proteins. We found matrilin-2 proteolytic products in transfected cell lines in vitro and in mouse tissues in vivo. Two putative cleavage sites were identified in the unique domain of matrilin-2; the first site was located between D851 and L852 in the middle of the domain and the second, at the boundary with the coiled-coil domain at the C-terminus. Deletion of the entire unique domain eliminated the proteolysis of matrilin-2. While the first cleavage site was present in all matrilin-2 oligomers, the second cleavage site became apparent only in the matrilin-2 hetero-oligomers with matrilin-1 or matrilin-3. Analysis using a variety of extracellular protease inhibitors suggested that this proteolytic activity was derived from a member or several members of the ADAMTS family. Recombinant human ADAMTS-4 (aggrecanase-1) and ADAMTS-5 (aggrecanase-2), but not ADAMTS-1, cleaved recombinant matrilin-2, thereby yielding matrilin-2 proteolytic peptides at the predicted sizes. These results suggest that ADAMTS-4 and ADAMTS-5 may destabilize the filamentous network in the extracellular matrix by cleaving matrilin-2 in both homo-oligomers and hetero-oligomers.
Symbolic finite element modeling of structural systems

Abstract The application of light materials to space structures, aircraft, robots and automobiles has increased the demand for effective algorithms to model and predict the response of structural multibody systems. The understanding of mechanics can assist in developing better design and control strategies. Formulation of mathematical models of a multibody system using manual approaches is a difficult task and prone to errors. For non-linear and/or time-varying systems, numerical formulation provides limited information about physical insight. In this study, a computer-aided symbolic method is used to generate the equations of motion from Lagrange's method. Equations are converted into FORTRAN form ready for simulations and control synthesis. The 4–5th order Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg method (RKF45) was used to numerically solve the system of equations. Two examples, namely a slider–crank mechanism and an aircraft model are presented.
Production of uniformly sized serum albumin and dextrose microbubbles

Uniformly-sized preparations with average microbubble (MB) diameters from 1 to 7 μm were produced reliably by sonicating decafluorobutane-saturated solutions of serum albumin and dextrose. Detailed protocols for producing and size-separating the MBs are presented, along with the effects that changing each production parameter (serum albumin concentration, sonication power, sonication time, etc.) had on MB size distribution and acoustic stability. These protocols can be used to produce MBs for experimental applications or serve as templates for developing new protocols that yield MBs with physical and acoustic properties better suited to specific applications. Size stability and ultrasonic performance quality control tests were developed to assure that successive MB preparations perform identically and to distinguish the physical and acoustic properties of identically sized MBs produced with different serum albumin-dextrose formulations and sonication parameters. MBs can be stored at 5 °C for protracted periods (2 weeks to one year depending on formulation).
Leading-twist shadowing, black disk regime and forward hadron production

AbstractWe review theory of the leading twist nuclear shadowing, and describe phe-nomenon of post-selection suppression of leading parton spectrum (e ectivefractional energy losses) in the proximity of the black disk regime. We arguethat 2 !2 mechanism dominates in the inclusive leading pion production ind-Au collisions and explain that the post-selection naturally explains boththe magnitude of the suppression of the forward pion production in d-Aucollisions and the pattern of the forward - central correlations. At the sametime this pattern of correlations rules out 2 !1 mechanism as the mainsource of the inclusive leading pion yield. It is demonstrated that the mech-anism of the double parton interactions gives an important contribution tothe production of two leading pions in ppscattering opening a new way tostudy correlations of leading quarks in the nucleon. The same mechanism isenhanced in dAu!ˇ 0 ˇ 0 + Xcollisions and explains the dominance of ’independent component and suppression of the away side peak.Keywords: leading twist shadowing, black disk regime, forward hadronproduction1. Theory of the leading twist nuclear shadowingThe connection between nuclear shadowing and di raction was estab-lished a long time ago [1]. One can understand it as a manifestation of theunitarity as reected in the Abramovsky, Gribov, Kancheli (AGK) cuttingrules [2]. Accuracy of the theory for the hadron - nucleus interactions ison the level of few % which reects small admixture of non-nucleonic de-grees of freedom in nuclei and small o -shellness of the nucleons in nuclei
Impact of participant and interventionist race concordance on weight loss outcomes

Objective: We have previously shown that racial composition of behavioral intervention groups does not affect achieved weight loss. However, it is unclear if the race of the interventionist affects intervention outcomes. The objective of this analysis is to estimate the impact of race concordance between participant and interventionist on weight change in the initial weight loss phase (phase I) of the Weight Loss Maintenance trial (WLM). Design and Methods: A total of 1,685 overweight or obese adults (BMI 25-45 kg/m2) who were taking medication for hypertension and/or dyslipidemia participated in phase I of the WLM trial. All participants received a 6-month intensive behavioral intervention in groups of 15-20 facilitated by a trained interventionist. The main outcome is change in weight at 6 months. Results: Participants were on average 55 years of age, 67% female and 44% African American (AA). Three of seventeen interventionists were AA, 14 were non-AA. Seventy-three percent of participants shared race concordance with the interventionist. There was a small but statistically significant difference in weight change of participants who were the same race as the interventionist (−5.84 kg, s.e. 0.17) as compared with those who were not race concordant (−5.04 kg, s.e. 0.33), a difference of 0.8 kg, (P = 0.04). The impact of concordance on weight change differed by race (i.e., interaction of race and concordance was significant, P = 0.02). Conclusions: In a post hoc analysis of a group-based behavioral intervention, race concordance for non-AA participants was associated with slightly greater weight loss. Race concordance was not associated with weight loss for AA participants.
Coupled gas convection and unsteady conduction effects in fluid bed heat transfer based on a single particle model

Abstract A self-consistent model of heat transfer in moderate to large particle gas fluidized beds is constructed by combining the convective heat transfer model of Adams and Welty [ A.I.Ch.E. Jl 25 , 395–405 (1979)] with a numerical analysis of transient conduction within the solid particles to obtain the particle convective contribution to the heat transfer. Computations using an ADI finite difference scheme reveal that the particle convective contribution is weakly dependent on Reynolds number but strongly affected by gas and solid thermal conductivity and particle Fourier number. Time-averaged emulsion phase Nusselt numbers computed using the model are compared with available experimental data.
Adhesion Molecules in Scleroderma: Collagen Binding Integrins

In summary, adhesion molecules are likely to play a prominent role in scleroderma pathogenesis and evolution. Endothelial adhesion molecules required for leukocyte extravasation are upregulated in affected tissue, though the mechanism is unclear. Certainly, endothelial adhesion molecule expression is seen in the context of other diseases not characterized by fibrosis. Adhesion molecules on the fibroblast, particularly those that play a role in fibroblast collagen interactions, may be very important. The ability of fibroblasts to organize collagen fibrils, and to exert forces across collagenous tissue, is likely to involve a prominent role of alpha 2 beta 1 integrin. Enhanced organization and contraction of newly formed collagen, as well as unregulated procollagen production, may be intimately linked in this disease process. At least two factors that strongly enhance fibroblast force generation could potentially influence other aspects of scleroderma. TGF beta is a potent stimulus for collagen production and has been found to be elevated in lesional scleroderma. Endothelin 1 is also a potent vasoconstrictor and is elevated in scleroderma patient serum as well [60,62-65]. Its apparent role in other fibrocontractive diseases suggests that its potential role in the pathogenesis of scleroderma deserves additional attention.
Analogue of aspartate and glutamate active at synapses are attractants for Escherichia coli.

1. This research was carried out to compareEscherichia coli bacteria with animals in their response tol-aspartate andl-glutamate and their analogues.
Evaluation of ignition mechanisms for aluminium trays and packing in the low-pressure column of air separation units

Experimental work has shown that trays and packing fabricated from aluminium are flammable under certain conditions normally encountered in oxygen distillation columns. Therefore, the safety of trays and packing depends entirely on the exclusion of ignition mechanisms. This paper presents an evaluation of ignition mechanisms with respect to their relevance to the adiabatic section of the column. The combustion of hydrocarbons has been identified as the only realistic ignition mechanism. Therefore, most of the experiments described in the paper refer to this mechanism. It is shown that the combustion of an oil film on packing (approximately 5 g m −2 ) is not able to ignite aluminium packing, but that accumulated oil (a few grams) is able to ignite aluminium trays and packing as well as copper packing. This result stresses the importance of controlling any hydrocarbon accumulation. A short review of accumulation mechanisms for lubrication oil from fabrication and hydrocarbons from air shows that accumulation within the adiabatic section of the distillation column is practically impossible. Finally, it is concluded that no ignition sources for aluminium trays and packing are present in the low-pressure column of oxygen distillation columns. This explains the very good safety record of aluminium trays for more than 30 years of industrial experience characterized by no single case of tray combustion. Aluminium packing, now in operation for more than five years, can be expected to be as safe as trays.