cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Periphyton nitrogenase activity as an indicator of wetland eutrophication: spatial patterns and response to phosphorus dosing in a northern Everglades ecosystem

The use of periphyton nitrogenase activity (biological N2 fixation) as an indicator of wetland P impact was assessed using patterns of nutrient content (C, N, P, Ca, Mg, K, Fe, and Mn) and acetylene reduction (AR) in floating cyanobacterial periphyton mat (metaphyton) communities of a P-enriched portion of the Florida Everglades, USA (Water Conservation Area-2A, WCA-2A). Spatial patterns of nutrients indicate the enrichment of floating mat periphyton N, P, Fe, and K, and the reduction of Mn and TN:TP in enriched marsh areas. In highly enriched areas, floating mat periphyton AR was approximately threefold greater than that in less enriched, interior marsh zones. Multiple regression models indicated AR dependence on P in eutrophic WCA-2A areas while the AR of more interior marsh periphyton mats was more closely related to tissue levels of Ca and Fe. Nitrogenase activity of floating mat periphyton from P-loaded mesocosms revealed a significant enhancement of N2 fixation in samples receiving approximately 2–3 mg P m−2 of cumulative P dosing or with biomass TP content of 100–300 mg kg−1. At P contents above the optimum, mat periphyton AR was suppressed possibly as a result of changes in species composition or increased levels of NH4+. After 3 years of dosing, consistently high AR occurred only at low rates of P enrichment (0.4–0.8 g P m−2 yr−1), and the patterns appeared to be seasonal. These findings agree with the hypothesis that P availability is a key determinant of nitrogenase activity in aquatic systems, and thus, may support the use of periphyton nitrogenase to indicate P impacts in P-limited systems. These results also demonstrate the potential existence of a P threshhold for biogeochemical alteration of periphyton mat function in the Everglades, and that cumulative loading of limiting nutrients (i.e., P), rather than instantaneous concentrations, should be considered when evaluating nutrient criteria.
GENERALIZATION OF PUNISHMENT EFFECTS—A CASE STUDY

Response-contingent electric shock was evaluated in a laboratory and criterion situation before using it to eliminate infrequent and unpredictable biting and destructive acts from the repertoire of a retarded adolescent. Although the initial results were dramatic, the effects of shock were highly discriminated and the therapeutic objectives were not accomplished. The study demonstrates the power and some limitations of shock punishment and is presented so that others will be better prepared for problems that may arise before the goals of a program involving shock punishment will be realized.
Correlations of midshaft breadths and compact bone thickness among bones of the upper and lower extremities of children aged 6 to 16 years

Correlations between endosteal, periosteal and compact bone breadths of the humerus, tibia, second metacarpal and second metatarsal were determined in a sample of 394 normal, white children from greater Philadelphia. Although most correlations tended to be significant, the magnitude of all were low, except just at the time of the onset of the adolescent spurt. In normal, disease-free children, measurements of a single bone cannot be confidently used as an indicator of compact bone mass anywhere else in the skeleton. There is some indication that the humerus provides the best single bone to use in cases where such a procedure is necessary.
Pure versus co-occurring externalizing and internalizing symptoms in children: The potential role of socio-developmental milestones.

Co-occurring internalizing and externalizing disorders are moderately prevalent in children, adolescents, and adults (Anderson, Williams, McGee, & Silva, 1987; McConaughy & Skiba, 1994), but much remains to be understood regarding why some children show “pure” versus co-occurring internalizing and externalizing symptoms. One possible influence that has previously not been considered is the failure to attain socio-developmental milestones, which paradoxically may prevent the development of co-occurring symptoms for some children. The present study proposes a model in which failure to attain relevant socio-developmental milestones might explain why some children may not develop heterotypic co-occurring symptoms. Specifically, it is proposed that specific clusters of internalizing symptoms (i.e., high social anxiety, withdrawal, and inhibition) and externalizing symptoms (i.e., high impulsivity, hyperactivity, and emotional reactivity) may be associated with the failure to attain socio-developmental milestones (i.e., poor peer relations for anxious children, lack of self-reflection and evaluation for impulsive/reactive children) that, in turn, may prevent subgroups of children from developing co-occurring, heterotypic symptoms.
The Conical Antenna as a Sensor or Probe

The electrically small wide-angled spherically capped conical monopole is shown to have frequency-related properties closely resembling those of the electrically thin cylindrical dipole. It is frequency-independent when used to measure the time derivative of the electric field when it is connected to a matched load and kL = kl( 1 + ?0) ? 1. Here/is the radius of the conical surface and ?0 is half of the angle subtended by the cone. Graphs are shown for ?0 470° = 0.82 rad for which the characteristic impedance is 50 ?.
Investing in Natural Capital: Using Economic Incentives to Overcome Barriers to Forest Restoration

A legacy of fire suppression and the impacts of climate change have induced a worsening pattern of large and severe forest fires across the western United States. This has spurred action to jump-start wildfire risk mitigation initiatives. Despite an increase in resources and attention, the persistence of economic impediments has forestalled the successful expansion of forest restoration to a landscape level. The failure to properly account for the full range of costs and benefits from restoration treatments has contributed to the asymmetry between needed action and actual implementation. The valuation of non-market ecosystem services such as carbon sequestration, along with the ability of ecological restoration to act as an agent of economic stimulus, should be incorporated into the policymaking process. We demonstrate how institutionalizing the economic benefits from both the process and products of forest restoration can strengthen policies for advancing long-term forest health.
ECOLE: an ATM based environment for distributed learning

ECOLE and HIPERNET are two research and development projects sponsored by the European Community to create a prototype system for distributed cooperative learning based on personal computers and state of the art networking technology. During the first two years of the ECOLE project, the IBM European Networking Center developed a multimedia communication system supporting existing local area (Ethernet, token ring) and wide area (ISDN) networks. A 1994 a prototype communication system is being designed and implemented that will be able to support broadband ISDN (ATM) as part of the ECOLE and HIPERNET network infrastructure. This paper reports on architectural and implementation issues to be considered when migrating towards this high performance communication system. Key technical parameters of the end user applications demanding these high speed network services are given and technical requirements imposed upon the communication subsystem are derived from these figures. Potential system bottlenecks are identified and technical options to improve the performance are proposed.
Methodological Considerations For Investigating the Microdynamics of Social Interaction Development

Infants are biologically prepared to learn complex behaviors by interacting in dynamic, responsive social environments. Although the importance of interactive social experiences has long been recognized, current methods for studying complex multimodal interactions are lagging. This paper outlines a systems approach for characterizing fine-grained temporal dynamics of developing social interaction. We provide best practices for capturing, coding, and analyzing interaction activity on multiple -temporal scales, from fractions of seconds (e.g., gaze shifts), to minutes (e.g., coordinated play episodes), to weeks or months (e.g., developmental change).
Detection of North American Eastern and Western Equine Encephalitis Viruses by Nucleic Acid Amplification Assays

We have developed nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA), standard reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR), and TaqMan nucleic acid amplification assays for the rapid detection of North American eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) and western equine encephalitis (WEE) viral RNAs from samples collected in the field and clinical samples. The sensitivities of these assays have been compared to that of virus isolation. While all three types of nucleic acid amplification assays provide rapid detection of viral RNAs comparable to the isolation of viruses in Vero cells, the TaqMan assays for North American EEE and WEE viral RNAs are the most sensitive. We have shown these assays to be specific for North American EEE and WEE viral RNAs by testing geographically and temporally distinct strains of EEE and WEE viruses along with a battery of related and unrelated arthropodborne viruses. In addition, all three types of nucleic acid amplification assays have been used to detect North American EEE and WEE viral RNAs from mosquito and vertebrate tissue samples. The sensitivity, specificity, and rapidity of nucleic acid amplification demonstrate the usefulness of NASBA, standard RT-PCR, and TaqMan assays, in both research and diagnostic settings, to detect North American EEE and WEE viral RNAs.
“Neither Justice nor Mercy”: Public and Private Executions in Rhode Island, 1832–1833

After the 1831 Snowtown race riots, Rhode Island held its first executions in thirty years, hanging three men within nineteen months. The same tumult of class, race, and conceptions of public space that contributed to these deaths led Rhode Island to become the first state to abolish public execution in 1833.
A decomposition method for structured quadratic programming problems

This paper describes a decomposition method for large structured quadratic maximization problems. The method can be applied to problems which contain coupling constraints or coupling variables occurring in the objective function.
Mismatch between asthma symptoms and spirometry: implications for managing asthma in children.

Objectives To examine the concordance between spirometry and asthma symptoms in assessing asthma severity and beginning therapy by the general pediatrician. Study design Between 2008 and 2012, spirometry testing was satisfactorily performed in 894 children (ages 5-19 years) whose asthma severity had been determined by their pediatrician using asthma guideline-based clinical criteria. Spirometry-determined asthma severity using national asthma guidelines and clinician-determined asthma severity were compared for concordance using weighted Kappa coefficients. Results Thirty percent of participants had clinically determined intermittent asthma; 32%, 33%, and 5% had mild, moderate, and severe, persistent asthma, respectively. Increasing disease severity was associated with decreases in the forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio ( P P P P Conclusions Concordance between spirometry and asthma symptoms in determining asthma severity is low even when guideline-based clinical assessment tools are used. Because appropriate therapy reduces asthma morbidity and is guided by disease severity, results from spirometry testing could better guide pediatricians in determining appropriate therapy for their patients with asthma.
Building citizen capacities for participation in nanotechnology decision-making: the democratic virtues of the consensus Conference model

Research suggests that deliberative experiences may improve citizens' perceptions of their abilities to participate meaningfully in political and societal issues. Previous studies, however, have not looked in depth at citizens' perceptions after participating in consensus conferences. In this case study, drawing on in-depth interviews with participants of a consensus conference on nanotechnology, we consider the following questions: 1) How do citizen participants feel the consensus conference experience affected their knowledge and efficacy related to participation in nanotechnology issues? 2) Which aspects of the conference (if any) do citizens think shaped their knowledge and efficacy? 3) Are citizens motivated to engage in future participatory mechanisms related to nanotechnology issues, and why or why not? Although our case study is exploratory, it suggests that even if consensus conferences have little or no influence on policy or policymakers, they may empower citizens by improving their perceived a...
The Effect of Inappropriate Omissions on Formula Scores: A Simulation Study

Responses to a 50-item, four-choice test were simulated for 1,000 examinees under conventional formula-scoring instructions. One hundred ninety-two simulation runs reflected variations in the average level of item difficulty, the extent to which examinees tended to omit inappropriately (when the formulascoring directions recommended guessing), the extent to which they were misinformed (classified correct answers as distractors), the extent to which they guessed contrary to the formula-scoring instructions, the extent to which examinee ability and tendency to omit inappropriately were correlated, the examinee ability level at which misinformation was most prevalent, and the extent to which item difficulty was related to the probability that an examinee would be misinformed. For each examinee, formula scores and expected formula scores were determined allowing and not allowing inappropriate omissions. Under certain conditions, failure to guess as recommended by the formula-scoring instructions produced nontrivial proportions of examinees with expected score losses of one or more points. These conditions were a test of at least moderate difficulty, a low levelfor the tendency to be misinformed, and at least a moderate levelfor the tendency to omit inappropriately.
Left inguinal appendix in an HIV patient: A case report and review of literature.

INTRODUCTION The presence of the appendix in an inguinal hernia sac is rare, with an estimated incidence of 0.51–1% of all inguinal hernias. An inguinal appendix is most commonly referred to as Amyand's hernia.
Arabidopsis thaliana Expresses Three Divergent Srp54 Genes

The Arabidopsis thaliana Srp54 gene family was determined to consist of three genes, all of which were cloned and sequenced. In addition, cDNAs corresponding to two of the genes were obtained. To our knowledge this is the first description of multiple Srp54 genes within an organism. In contrast to the situation in mammals, where there are only three amino acid differences between the mouse and canine sequences, there was significant amino acid sequence diversity among the genes, particularly in the methionine-rich region of the protein, which is the region responsible for binding to the 7S RNA of the signal recognition particle and to the signal sequence of newly synthesized proteins. The amino acid sequences of the GTP-binding domains of the three clones were 86% identical, whereas the methionine-rich domains were only 65% identical. RNA gel blots of various tissues and developmental stages hybridized with gene-specific probes revealed that all three genes were expressed in all the tissues investigated. There were, however, quantitative differences in expression levels.
A model for teletraffic performance and channel holding time characterization in wireless cellular communication with general session and dwell time distributions

Channel holding times and user mobility are important topics in the study of wireless cellular communications. We present an approach to modeling user mobility and session time which enables both the calculation of teletraffic performance characteristics and a characterization of holding time which agrees with published reports. The model allows both the dwell time and unencumbered session time to have general distributions. A derivation of the channel holding time distribution is given. We then show how the model's parameters can be chosen to fit empirical data including observations of channel holding time.
Protective Effect of Elastase Inhibition Against Myocardial Dysfunction and Injury Induced by Ischemia and Reperfusion in Isolated Rat Hearts

BACKGROUND: Elastase release has been incriminated in the genesis of reperfusion-induced myocardial dysfunction and injury, and elastase inhibitors have been reported to reduce myocardial dysfunction in dogs subjected to coronary artery occlusion and reperfusion. METHODS AND RESULTS: To examine if elastase inhibition will modify myocardial dysfunction and injured induced by ischemia and reperfusion in isolated hearts, hearts from male Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to 30 minutes of total ischemia followed by 30 minutes of reperfusion. Ischemia-reperfusion resulted in myocardial dysfunction (increase in coronary perfusion pressure and decrease in myocardial contraction), injury (measured as creatine kinase release), and lipid peroxidation (myocardial malondialdehyde). Perfusion of hearts with an elastase inhibitor, ICI200,880, protected against myocardial dysfunction, injury and lipid peroxidation following ischemia-reperfusion. As expected, perfusion with superoxide dismutase protected the hearts against hemodynamic deterioration following ischemia-reperfusion. In in vitro studies, there was no direct effect of ICI200,880 on superoxide anion generation. CONCLUSIONS: ICI200,880 seems to exert cardioprotective effects against ischemia-reperfusion-induced injury and myocardial dysfunction in isolated buffer-perfused hearts, most likely by an elastase-like protease inhibitory activity.
Symmetrical reconfiguration of tensegrity structures

In this article we first present a mathematical model which describes the nonlinear dynamics of tensegrity structures. For certain tensegrity structures a particular class of motions, coined symmetrical motions, is defined. The corresponding equations of motion are derived and the conditions under which symmetrical motions occur are established. Reconfiguration procedures through symmetrical motions are proposed and examples are given.
Improved roadmap connection via local learning for sampling based planners

Probabilistic Roadmap Methods (PRMs) solve the motion planing problem by constructing a roadmap (or graph) that models the motion space when feasible local motions exist. PRMs and variants contain several phases during roadmap generation i.e., sampling, connection, and query. Some work has been done to apply machine learning to the connection phase to decide which variant to employ, but it uses a global learning approach that is inefficient in heterogeneous situations. We present an algorithm that instead uses local learning: it only considers the performance history in the vicinity of the current connection attempt and uses this information to select good candidates for connection. It thus removes any need to explicitly partition the environment which is burdensome and typically difficult to do. Our results show that our method learns and adapts in heterogeneous environments, including a KUKA youBot with a fixed and mobile base. It finds solution paths faster for single and multi-query scenarios and builds roadmaps with better coverage and connectivity given a fixed amount of time in a wide variety of input problems. In all cases, our method outperforms the previous adaptive connection method and is comparable or better than the best individual method.
Technical Communicators and Digital Writing Risk Assessment

Both within and without organizations, technical communicators increasingly produce digital texts that are disseminated to global audiences (email, wikipedia writing, blogging, webpage authoring). Digital writing is not risk free. Writing for the web is different than writing for print. An effective technical communicator is one who is aware of, and has made an assessment of, the risk of digital writing. In order to conduct risk assessment, technical writers need increased digital-rhetorical sophistication as well as an understanding of the need to stay educated. Technical communicators, even when working in hybrid workspaces, should be accountable and responsible for their use of language.
Studies on the Action of Ethylene in Physiological Processes of Plant Cells

The effects of ethylene in lowering levels of auxin diffusing through plant tissues are well known (Laan, 1934; Michener, 1938; Guttenberg and Steinmetz, 1947; Morgan and Gausman, 1966; Burg and Burg, 1967; Valdovinos, Ernest, and Henry, 1967). The manner in which the gas influences levels of diffusible auxin in plant cells is not entirely clear. In a brief report (Valdovinos, Ernest, and Henry, 1967) we have already presented some evidence correlating low levels of diffusible auxin in ethylene treated tissue with decreased auxin formation by enzyme bries from the same tissue. The studies have been expanded in an attempt to correlate several facets of auxin metabolism, auxin biosynthesis, conjugation, and destruction — with levels of extract-able and diffusible auxin in the leaf and stem tissue.
Isolation of Gonadotropin from Human Term Placenta

SummaryGonadotropin was isolated from human term placenta by precipitation with acetone and ammonium sulfate and by gel filtration on Sephadex column. The product was designated as human placental gonadotropin (HPG). The HPG induced an increase in uterine weight without producing ovarian hemorrhages. The result suggests that HPG and human chorionic gonadotropin may be different forms of chorionic gonadotropin.The author wishes to express his gratitude to Mr. Gilbert Martinez and Mrs. Maria T. Elvira for their technical assistance and to Dr. F. Fuchs for making available the placenta used in this study.
Derivatives of Polyoxyethylene Alkylether as Antistatic Agents for PVC

Several quaternary ammonium salts were synthesized from N, N-dimethyl-amino ethyl polyoxyethylene alkylether and ethylchloro-acetate, α-chloroacetamide, p-toluene sulfochloride. Metal complexes were also prepared from two moles of N, N-dimethylamino ethyl polyoxyethylene alkylether with one mole of calcium chloride, or nickel chloride. The effect of these compounds as antistatic agents for PVC was evaluated by measuring the frictional charge generation, induced charge decay, surface resistance and thermal stability. The antistatic effect of ammonium salts was better than that of metal complexes, but thermal stability was less. Metal complexes having stearyl group were more effective than those having lauryl group, but such difference was not observed as to alkyl group in ammonium salts. The moles of added ethylene oxide showed little difference, in 5-20 mole range.
Constant positive airway pressure treated coronary heart disease with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and changed levels of intercellular adhesion molecules

Objectives To observe changes in the serum level of intercellular adhesion molecule(ICAM-1)and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1(PECAM-1)in the 4 groups and to investigate whether the hypoxia can aggravate the endothelial inflammatory response and to study the influence of the constant positive airway pressure (CPAP) on the serum levels of the cell adhesion molecules(CAMs)in the coronary heart disease(CHD) patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome(OSAS). Methods The patients were divided into four groups:CHD group,CHD complicated with OSAS group, OSAS group and control group. The ICAM-1 and PECAM-1 were examined by ELISA. Auto-set spirit CPAP was used to treat the patients with apnea hyponea index(AHI)more than 20. Results ① The serum level of the ICAM-1 and PECAM-1 in the CHD with OSAS group was the highest among the four groups (P0.05). There was no difference between the CHD group and the OSAS group(P 0.05). The control group was the lowest among the four groups(P0.05). ② The serum levels of the CAMs had the positive correlation with the AHI (r=0.324, P0.05), and had the negative correlation with the lowest saturation of oxygen(r=-0.339,P0.01). ③ Through the CPAP therapy, the serum ICAM-1 level of the CHD with OSAS group was decreased from (434±115) μg/L to (304±105)μg/L(P0.05). ④ AHI of the patients with OSAS was decreased significantly after treating CPAP (P0.05). Meanwhile, the level of the average oxygen saturation was significantly increased (87.2±2.1)% to (94.2±2.5)%(P0.05). Conclusions The patients with OSAS show a high level of ICAM-1 and PECAM-1, which aggravate the vascular endothelial inflammation. The adhesion molecules levels are increased after the course of the apnea and hypoxia through the night. CPAP can ameliorate the sleep apnea, improve oxygen saturation, and decrease the CAMs serum level in CHD with OSAS patients. So the serum levels of the CAMs are associated with the seriousness of the OSAS. CPAP can be applied in the clinical therapy of the CHD patients with OSAS .
Spatial (In)Justice

Prior to 1948 and the introduction of de jure apartheid, South Africa already operated under a de facto culture of racial segregation. Apartheid solidified and sanctioned these social barriers, especially in education where apartheid policy fostered “separate [intellectual] development for separate ethnic groups” (Fataar, 1997, p. 340; Wieder, 2001).
Tyrosine phosphorylation of guanosine triphosphatase activating protein by activation via surface IgG in human B cells

In this study, we analyzed tyrosine phosphorylation of guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) activating protein in human B cells stimulated through surface IgG, using Western blot and immunoprecipitation. Stimulation through surface IgG induced the tyrosine phosphorylation of GTPase-activating protein (GAP) and two associated proteins, a 190-Kd protein and a 62-Kd protein, within 1 minute and in a dose-dependent manner. This tyrosine phosphorylation was blocked by Genistein (Extrasynthese, Genay, France). These data suggest that GTPase- activating protein is involved in a signal transduction pathway initiated from surface IgG in human B cells.
Nutrient intake of urban and rural elderly receiving home-delivered meals.

We evaluated nutrient intake (as measured by a 3-day food record) and nondietary factors that may influence nutrient intake in urban (n=48) and rural (n = 47) elderly clients in the Title III C home-delivered meal program. Mean nutrient intake did not differ significantly between the two populations; each population met or exceeded 100% of the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) for all nutrients other than energy, vitamin B-6, calcium, magnesium, and zinc. However, 70% of the individuals within each population had intakes below 66% of the RDA for three or more nutrients and were thus classified as having poor diets. Factors such as the need for assistance with shopping and cooking, living situation, vitamin/mineral supplementation, prescription drugs, and dentition did not significantly predict nutritional intake in either the urban or the rural cohorts. However, 50% to 70% of both the rural and the urban homebound elderly needed assistance with cooking and shopping for food. The rural elderly relied on family members for help with shopping and cooking to a greater extent than did their urban counterparts. We conclude that nutrient intake of the homebound elderly is not affected by geographic location. However, both rural and urban clients are at risk for developing nutrient deficiencies.
Greenhouse Environmental Control for Indian Conditions

It has been noted by several speakers at the seminar that there are very few functioning greenhouses in India with the exception of a few at various research centers. This is also the impression the author has developed during extensive travels to a number of research centers and agricultural production areas within India over the past several years. It has also been observed and noted that in many research centers the greenhouse facilities are not actively utilized. In some cases this is due to environmental control equipment being out of order and in others the problem is that the installed equipment is not adequate even if functioning properly. The most commonly observed problems are related to inadequacies of repair or design of cooling equipment.
What do we know about children living with HIV-infected or AIDS-ill adults in Sub-Saharan Africa? A systematic review of the literature

Millions of children in Sub-Saharan Africa live with adults, often parents, who are HIV-infected or ill due to AIDS. These children experience social, emotional, and health vulnerabilities that overlap with, but are not necessarily the same as, those of orphans or other vulnerable children. Despite their distinctive vulnerabilities, research aimed at understanding the situation of these children has been limited until very recently. This review summarizes the state of knowledge based on a systematic search of PubMed and Web of Science that identified 47 empirical research articles that examined either the population prevalence of children living with HIV-infected or AIDS-sick adults, or the consequences of adult HIV infection or AIDS illness for child well-being. This review confirms that this population of children is substantial in size, and that the vulnerabilities they experience are multi-faceted, spanning physical and emotional health and schooling. Mechanisms were examined empirically in only a small number of studies, but encompass poverty, transmission of opportunistic infections, care for unwell adults, adult distress, AIDS stigma, lack of social support, maternal breastfeeding issues, and vertical HIV transmission. Some evidence is provided that infants, adolescents, children with infected or ill mothers, and children living with severely ill adults are particularly vulnerable. Future research would benefit from more attention to causal inference and further characterization of processes and circumstances related to vulnerability and resilience. It would also benefit from further study of variation in observed associations between adult HIV/AIDS and child well-being based on characteristics such as age, sex, kinship, severity of illness, TB co-infection, disclosure, and serostatus awareness. Almost one-quarter of the studies reviewed did not investigate variation based on any of these factors. More nuanced understanding of the short- and long-term effects of adult HIV on children's needs and circumstances will be important to ongoing discussions about equity in policies and interventions.
Developing the Value Proposition for Personalized Medicine

Standard methodological approaches have successfully been applied to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of numerous personalized medicine tests, particularly for companion diagnostics developed in the context of a clinical trial. However, disagreement has emerged about the extent to which existing methods can characterize the value of personalized medicine. This chapter provides an overview of cost-effectiveness analysis and the factors determining the value of personalized medicine. The authors identify limitations of the traditional cost-effectiveness analysis framework and methodological issues that will arise with increasing use of multiple “omics” profiles to guide individualized selection of treatments.
Epilogue: From Position-Power to Self-Power— Integrating the Lessons of Holistic Leadership

Holistic leadership marks the transition from position-power to self-power. This chapter presents the concept of self-leadership and consolidates the key emergent lessons of holistic leadership. Self-leadership is built on the understanding that everybody has two most basic needs—the need to express oneself and the need to surpass oneself. These needs may not always be very well-articulated, but they are there in and through all our strivings and pursuits. Self-leadership accomplishes both in one stroke by inspiring excellence in oneself and others and by enabling people to express and surpass themselves.
Getting Out to Get Ahead? Perspectives on Schooling and Social and Geographic Mobility in Southern Mexico

Resumen La educacion para la movilidad social aparecen en estudios antropologicos de la urbanizacion y el desarrollo. La escolarizacion es constantemente ligado al progreso nacional, el aumento de los ingresos individuales, y una mejor calidad de vida en terminos de nutricion, salud, y la alfabetizacion. Mexico ha alcanzado cerca de la asistencia universal en los grados obligatorias. Sin embargo, el acceso desigual a la educacion esta determinada pr el nivel socioeconomico, sexo y lugar de residencia (Ornelas 2004). En el estado de Oaxaca, una distribucion urbancentric de las escuelas significa que los estudiantes rurales deben “salir” de sus pueblos para “salir adelante.” Esta analisis etnografico explora las percepciones de los individuos sobre el valor de la educacion en un estado notorio por bajos niveles de escolaridad y alfabetizacion, junto con un mercado laboral saturado. Conclusiones examinan en el contexto global la discordia entre las aspiraciones y el creciente desempleo.
Ascorbate induces apoptosis in melanoma cells by suppressing Clusterin expression

Pharmacological levels of ascorbate have long been suggested as a potential treatment of cancer. However, we observed that EC50 of ascorbate was at a similar level for cultured healthy melanocytes and melanoma cells, suggesting a limit of pharmacological ascorbate in treating cancer. Loss of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5 hmC) is an epigenetic hallmark of cancer and ascorbate promotes 5 hmC generation by serving as a cofactor for TET methylcytosine dioxygenases. Our previous work demonstrated that ascorbate treatment at physiological level (100 μM) increased 5 hmC content in melanoma cells toward the level of healthy melanocytes. Here we show that 100 µM of ascorbate induced apoptosis in A2058 melanoma cells. RNA-seq analysis revealed that expression of the Clusterin (CLU) gene, which is related to apoptosis, was downregulated by ascorbate. The suppression of CLU was verified at transcript level in different melanoma cell lines, and at protein level in A2058 cells. The anti-apoptotic cytoplasmic CLU was decreased, while the pro-apoptotic nuclear CLU was largely maintained, after ascorbate treatment. These changes in CLU subcellular localization were also associated with Bax and caspases activation, Bcl-xL sequestration, and cytochrome c release. Taken together, this study establishes an impending therapeutic role of physiological ascorbate to potentiate apoptosis in melanoma.
Damage avoidance solution to mitigate wind-induced fatigue in steel traffic support structures

Abstract Non-redundant, cantilevered traffic signal support structures undergo frequent wind-induced excitation; the subsequent vibrations result in stress reversals that lead to fatigue, and possibly fracture, particularly at the welded connections. To accommodate more lanes and reduce roadside hazards, spans continue to increase—as do the number of connection failures. Presented herein is a low-cost damage avoidance approach to mitigate wind-induced fatigue effects for cantilevered traffic support structures. Load-balancing is provided to relieve the dead load tensile stresses in the tube-to-transverse plate connections, thereby increasing fatigue capacity. The proposed damage avoidance system adds a beneficial fail-safe, load-balancing redundancy for cantilevered traffic signal structures. The benefit of the proposed system is quantified using a probabilistic fatigue assessment framework. Full-scale prototype testing is conducted in an ambient wind environment to serve as input and statistically describe response. Fatigue performance is modeled as mean stress dependent from which a dependable service life is derived. The efficacy of the proposed damage avoidance technique is assessed for a variety of wind environments where it is shown the dependable service life increases by an order of magnitude.
Predicting Surface Oil Transport in California Using a High-Resolution Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA's) Trajectory Analysis Planner (TAP)

The Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) and Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement (BSEE) Pacific Region conduct oil spill risk analyses to determine potential impacts to environmental...
Role of nurse navigator in completion of multi-modality rectal cancer treatment.

e17651 Background: Standard treatment of stage II/III rectal cancer includes neoadjuvant CRT followed by surgery and postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. A significant proportion of patients with r...
Active health monitoring of TN32 dry cask using a scaled down model

TN32 casks are multi-layer cylindrical structures used for storage of nuclear spent fuel. The National Center for Physical Acoustics at the University of Mississippi has manufactured a scaled down model of the TN32 cask. To identify the most relevant nondestructive evaluation parameters, which will be useful while doing experiments on real TN32 casks, a series of experiments have been conducted on TN32 cask model. This paper discusses the data analysis of the experiments conducted on the cask model and the conclusions based on those experiments. Elastodynamic waves are generated in the cask model by pencil lead break and hammer hit excitation and the waves in the cask at certain locations are sensed using piezoelectric wafer active sensors (PWAS). The waveforms and frequency spectrums of waveforms arriving at PWAS are studied. There are two types of joints on the cask model: structures joined using adhesives and structures joined using press fit. The effects of various joints in the structure on elastodynamic wave propagation are also studied. Pitch catch experiments on the cask was also done using in plane excitation using PWAS. The most sensitive frequency for the cask model was identified from the frequency response spectrum obtained from a wide band chirp excitation. The influence of various joints on the frequency response spectrum is also studied. Analytical modeling of cask geometry for a given excitation is done using Normal Mode Expansion (NME) technique. Prediction of wave propagation through the scaled down model is done based on the theoretical expression derived.
The Establishment of Lysogenicity in Escherichia Coli

When a population of sensitive bacteria is exposed to infection by a temperate phage, a large number of cells are not lysed and give rise to colonies containing lysogenic cells. Some of the factors influencing the probability that an infected cell of Escherichia coli, strain K12S, will give a lysogenic response are reported here. In addition, the present study deals with the change of free phage particles into the intracellular prophage form which is transmitted to all cells in a lysogenic culture. Information was obtained on specific questions regarding the establishment of lysogenicity, as, for example: When is the decision as to the type of response, i.e., lytic or lysogenic, made by the infected cell? How much time is required for transformation (reduction) of the infecting phage into prophage and what changes take place in the host cell? Is the prophage a cytoplasmic constituent of the lysogenic cell or linked to the genetic mechanism?
Normal Muscular Activity During Swallowing as Measured by Surface Electromyography

ObjectivesSpeech-language pathologists use surface electromyography biofeedback as a tool to facilitate swallowing treatment, particularly to improve swallowing strength and coordination. The prese...
Carboxyl Methylation of Small GTPases and Endothelial Cell Function

Posttranslational modifications of small GTPases regulate enzyme activity and subcellular localization, resulting in altered cellular functions. The role of small-GTPase carboxyl methylation in modulating endothelial functions is not well understood. In our study, we have used cultured endothelial cells to assess the effects of inhibition of carboxyl methylation on endothelial cell function. We have found that isoprenylcysteine carboxyl methyltransferase (ICMT) inhibitors cause relocalization of focal adhesion complexes and apoptosis of endothelial cells. This is accompanied by decreased carboxyl methylation and decreased activation of Ras GTPase. Furthermore, overexpression of Ras prevents apoptosis caused by the ICMT inhibitor adenosine/homocysteine. Thus, we conclude that inhibition of Ras carboxyl methylation causes endothelial cell apoptosis. We have also found that ICMT inhibitors decrease endothelial cell migration and monolayer permeability, an effect that may be related to impaired RhoA carboxyl methylation and activation. Thus, it is evident that altered small-GTPase methylation has multiple effects on endothelial cell functions.
Promethean Impulsions (1908)

The present chapter will examine young Lukacs’ significant initial pursuits and ambitions and locate them in the context of his time and cultural milieu. Among young Lukacs’ writings one essay in particular keynotes the dominant traits of his personality, his outlook, and is a characteristic of his times. Lukacs’ „Platonism, Poetry, and the Forms“ is the first essay in his book The Soul and the Forms (1911). It discusses more explicitly the nature of his position then. It shows how Lukacs’ deep longings cannot find an appropriate medium of articulation, and how, in consequence of this, he is impelled to turn the essay into an instrument of his spiritual quest to such an extent that he transforms it from a form of literary expression into something else. Striving for goals which he could not attain, Lukacs was to judge an entire society, nay culture, more radically and caustically than may seem appropriate. In so doing, he eventually removed himself emotionally and intellectually from where he might have been able to distinguish between what is possible as against what is not possible, what can be done here and now as against what can only be construed in one’s dreams.
Electrocatalysts based on metal@carbon core@shell nanocomposites: An overview

Abstract Developing low-cost, high-performance catalysts is of fundamental significance for electrochemical energy conversion and storage. In recent years, metal@carbon core@shell nanocomposites have emerged as a unique class of functional nanomaterials that show apparent electrocatalytic activity towards a range of reactions, such as hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, oxygen reduction reaction, and CO2 reduction reaction, that are important in water splitting, fuel cells and metal-air batteries. The activity is primarily attributed to interfacial charge transfer from the metal core to the carbon shell that manipulate the electronic interactions between the catalyst surface and reaction intermediates, and varies with the structures and morphologies of the metal core (elemental composition, core size, etc.) and carbon shell (doping, layer thickness, etc.). Further manipulation can be achieved by the incorporation of a third structural component. A perspective is also included highlighting the current gap between theoretical modeling and experimental results, and technical challenges for future research.
Learning to fly: computational controller design for hybrid UAVs with reinforcement learning

Hybrid unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) combine advantages of multicopters and fixed-wing planes: vertical take-off, landing, and low energy use. However, hybrid UAVs are rarely used because controller design is challenging due to its complex, mixed dynamics. In this paper, we propose a method to automate this design process by training a mode-free, model-agnostic neural network controller for hybrid UAVs. We present a neural network controller design with a novel error convolution input trained by reinforcement learning. Our controller exhibits two key features: First, it does not distinguish among flying modes, and the same controller structure can be used for copters with various dynamics. Second, our controller works for real models without any additional parameter tuning process, closing the gap between virtual simulation and real fabrication. We demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed controller both in simulation and in our custom-built hybrid UAVs (Figure 1, 8). The experiments show that the controller is robust to exploit the complex dynamics when both rotors and wings are active in flight tests.
Effects of Student Physical Therapists on Clinical Instructor Productivity Across Settings in an Academic Medical Center

Background Clinical education is an integral component of physical therapy education. Both benefits and barriers exist in clinical education, but 1 commonly stated barrier includes the perception that students have a negative impact on clinical instructor productivity. Objective The purposes of this study were to evaluate the productivity of physical therapist clinical instructors in an academic medical center before, during, and after clinical education experiences, determine if there are differences in productivity during clinical education experiences across settings, and compare clinical instructor productivity with that of therapists who did not have a student during the same time frames. Design A retrospective design examined productivity across 3 years in acute care, inpatient rehabilitation, outpatient orthopedics, and outpatient neurology. Mean daily productivity was computed, normalized to an 8-hour day, and averaged for each week of the year. Data were analyzed using a repeated-measures ANOVA. Post-hoc comparisons were made within each setting to compare therapists with a student to those without. The Bonferonni-correction was used to control for multiple comparisons. Results Clinical instructor productivity was significantly increased in outpatient orthopedics and inpatient rehabilitation, and approached significance in outpatient neurology, but was not significant in acute care. The presence of a student made clinical instructors more productive but had no effect on the productivity of other therapists in that setting during the same time frame. Limitations We studied only 1 academic medical center and could not account for clinical instructor factors such as years of experience or student factors such as year in their program. Conclusions Our results indicate that having a student increases productivity of therapists in various settings. Future studies should examine the impact of clinical instructor experience and student characteristics and should expand to other settings.
A two-way coupled Euler-Lagrange method for simulating multiphase flows with discontinuous Galerkin schemes on arbitrary curved elements

Abstract In this work, we develop a Lagrangian point-particle method to support high-speed dusty flow simulations with discontinuous Galerkin schemes. The carrier fluid is treated in an Eulerian frame through the solution of the compressible Navier-Stokes equations. Particle search and localization is based on the geometric mapping of mesh elements to a reference element and is applicable to arbitrary unstructured, curved, multidimensional grids. High-order interpolation is used to calculate the gas state at a given particle position, and the back-coupling of particles to the carrier fluid is carried out via a simple, effective procedure. Furthermore, we discuss difficulties associated with accounting for particle-wall collisions on curved, high-aspect-ratio elements. We develop a methodology that appropriately handles such collisions and accurately computes post-collision particle trajectories. We first apply the Euler-Lagrange method to one-way coupled tests and show the benefit of using curved instead of straight-sided elements for dealing with particle-wall collisions. We proceed by considering more complex multiphase test cases with two-way coupling, namely dusty flows over a flat plate and through a converging-diverging nozzle. Our final test case consists of hypersonic dusty flow over a sphere in which the target quantity is dust-induced surface heating augmentation at the stagnation point. Quantitative comparisons with experiments are provided.