cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Investigation of reservoir temperature in a gas reservoir in Middle East: case study

Having a good estimation of geothermal gradient and the reservoir temperature has a great impact on the methodological reservoir management in the entire reservoir life, from natural depletion phase up to draining the last portion of hydrocarbon by applying an appropriate EOR method. This issue could become crucial in a gas condensate reservoir management as the reservoir temperature has great influence on the time and amount of precipitated condensate in the reservoir and on the surface. It is usual to consider a constant reservoir temperature throughout the field. Also, encountering a constant geothermal gradient, with a similar fluid in a reservoir, is expected. During drilling campaign of two appraisal wells (one in the crest and other in the flank) of one of Middle East gas reservoir, it is aproximately found one geothermal gas gradient in both well; however, with some displacement in the wells. To find out a scientific justification for this phenomenon, a study was set out and results were presented in this paper. By using the analytical solution to unsteady-state conduction heat transfer for a cylinder with a radius of r m and infinite length and the available temperature data from FBDSTs, the exact reservoir temperature at different depths is calculated. It is also shown that by using the analytical solution ‘affected thermal well bore radius’ can be estimated. The affected thermal well bore radius is defined as the radius that beyond it, formation rock is not affected by any down-hole temperature variation. Based on the elaborated work, in addition to confirmation of having one geothermal gradient in the reservoir, it is found out that the ‘affected thermal well bore radius’ in wells is about 20–60 cm. Also by using the basic steady-state conduction heat transfer equation and assuming that the amount of transferred heat via layers of earth is constant, it is qualitatively shown that having different reservoir temperatures at constant depth throughout a giant deep-reservoir is normal and it should be accounted for the reservoir simulation.
Airway Obstruction Secondary to Emphysematous Epiglottitis: A Case Report

BACKGROUND Despite a shift in the epidemiology of epiglottitis following the introduction of the Haemophilus influenzae type B vaccine, acute infectious epiglottitis continues to be a relatively common and potentially life-threatening infection in adults. Epiglottitis complicated by abscess is rare, and emphysematous abscess is even less common. Early diagnosis and intervention is paramount in reducing morbidity and mortality. Although case reports exist, photographic depiction of this complication is not readily available. CASE REPORT We present the case of a 59-year-old male with rapidly progressive emphysematous epiglottitis managed with awake fiber optic intubation followed by incision, drainage, and antibiotic therapy. Early recognition and intervention in this patient led to complete resolution of the infection, with no long-term sequelae. CONCLUSIONS Clinicians should be familiar with the radiographic and endoscopic findings which support an emphysematous abscess, as well as the treatment and airway management concerns in such cases.
Impact of Medicare Part D on Racial and Ethnic Minorities

Background: Health is unequally distributed across the Swedish population, even though it has ratified Human rights declarations pointing out The Right to the Highest Attainable Standard of Health for all. The meaning of these declarations is condensed in The Right to Health-concept and specified in the so called AAAQ-framework, which highlights equal Accessibility, Acceptability, Availability and scientific Quality of care as indicators for analyzing a state’s fulfillment of such declarations. Methods and findings: The aim of this qualitative interview study was to examine whether patient perspectives on health care encounters would shed new light on the focal points specified in the AAAQ-framework, i.e., complement macro analyses on a state’s fulfilment of human rights declarations. Interviews were carried out with 55 patients in a socioeconomically challenged suburb, and analyzed in accordance with established standards for thematic content analysis. Two main themes with six subthemes were identified in this descriptive phase. The patient narratives centered on health care prerequisites for good care, but patients’ own responsibility was also brought up. Most noticeable was the importance given to staff’s ability to respectfully acknowledge the meaning of individual patient characteristics, and the negative effects on patients’ wellbeing of its opposite (authoritarian and impersonal staff attitudes). The results from the descriptive phase were then deductively interpreted in relation to the AAAQ-framework. The interpretative analyses revealed that human rights inspired policies are not enough for the realization of The Right to Health as patients’ experiences of different hospitals varied significantly, despite identical policies. In addition, it underlined the importance of all four AAAQ-indicators, i.e. that scientifically appropriate care (Availability and Quality) is vital, yet that the meaning of The Right to Health-concept is not realized unless a health care experience includes emphatic encounters adapted to the individual patient’s capacities and disease experience (Accessibility and Acceptability). Conclusion: The analysis of patient perspectives on health care experiences highlighted the significance of respectful and personalized treatment. In addition to providing functioning health care facilities, a vital part of health care quality work is securing empowering care encounters. Even though human rights inspired state regulations and health care policies are imperative, specific strategies to secure their implementation on the health care micro level is needed, e.g. staff training in communication skills as well as follow up mechanisms measuring patient satisfaction and levels of participation.
Spoken Dialogue Systems

Spoken dialogue systems are a new breed of interfaces that enable humans to communicate with machines naturally and efficiently using a conversational paradigm. Such a system makes use of many human language technology (HLT) components, including speech recognition and synthesis, natural language understanding and generation, discourse modeling, and dialogue management. In this contribution, we introduce the nature of these interfaces, describe the underlying HLTs on which they are based, and discuss some of the development issues. After providing a historical perspective, we outline some new research directions.
Role of MicroRNA-423-5p in posttranscriptional regulation of the intestinal riboflavin transporter-3.

Our findings show for the first time that RFVT3 is a target for posttranscriptional regulation by miR-423-5p in intestinal epithelial cells, and this regulation has functional consequences for inte...
Ape Language Research: A Review and Behavioral Perspective

The ape language research of the Gardners, Fouts, Terrace, Rumbaugh, and Savage-Rumbaugh is reviewed. This research involved the raising of chimpanzees (and a bonobo) in human-like environments over extended time periods. The results indicate that apes are capable of learning small verbal repertoires in a fashion similar to that of human infants. The writings of the ape language researchers show an opposition to behavioral approaches to language. Although they characterize each other’s work as behavioral, they oppose such explanations applied to their own work. A behavior-analytic approach to language has much empirical support, and behavioral treatments for people with language delays have produced substantial results. Despite the protestations of the ape language researchers, now is an appropriate time to apply the extensive knowledge base derived from a science of behavior to language acquisition in apes.
What (Really) Happened

Bitecofer demonstrates that the Clinton campaign’s choice to prioritize a persuasion electoral strategy over a base mobilization strategy in the 2016 presidential election cost Hillary Clinton the election. The nomination of Donald Trump by the Republican Party presented the Clinton campaign with a unique opportunity to court Independent voters and disaffected Republicans. Their persuasion approach was cemented with the selection of Tim Kaine, a centrist senator from Virginia, over progressive firebrand Senator Elizabeth Warren. The Clinton campaign structured their entire campaign message as a referendum on Donald Trump’s fitness for office. Not only did their strategy fail to win over Independents but it also further isolated many Bernie Sanders voters who defected in large numbers to cast ballots for third-party and write-in candidates.
Perioperative Medicine: A Burgeoning Field with Profound Importance to a Modern Clinician.

AIMS AND SCOPEThis article serves in introducing the readers to the developing field of perioperative medicine. We have made an effort to come up with the latest management guidelines covering mult...
Reducing greenhouse gas emissions for prescribed concrete compressive strength

Abstract Often, when proportioning “green” concrete mixtures, the use of Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCMs) is deemed to be favorable. While appearing more in the literature, it is still not commonplace that design strength is considered in assessments of environmental impacts. When mechanical or material properties are incorporated into environmental impact assessments, comparisons are drawn based on the property attainable for any given mixture, most commonly, compressive strength. However, in structural applications, compressive strength is typically specified in the design and there are currently no means for specifying the best concrete constituents for a set compressive strength to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from production. In this research, concrete mixture proportioning based on water-to-binder content and supplementary material-to-Ordinary Portland Cement ratios are examined. For these parameters, mathematical models are developed to perform optimization of GHG emissions for four groups of concrete (those containing varying levels of fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag, natural pozzolans, and limestone filler as a means to reduce Ordinary Portland Cement content). For the particular binary blended binders examined in this work, optimal ratios of supplementary material use were highly dependent on the type of alternative material and were consistently below the highest replacement level considered. The equations developed will facilitate the green engineering of concrete when a specified strength is required.
Resident and patient satisfaction of interprofessional teams in an obstetrics and gynecology practice

Abstract Background Integration of non-physician providers (NPPs) can supplement resident physician service responsibilities, enhance the quality of care given to patients, and allow time for educational and clinical activities. Purpose To assess satisfaction with NPPs among patients and OB/GYN residents. Methods Satisfaction was assessed with two anonymous surveys. The resident survey employed a Likert scale of one to five and individual questions were grouped into categories. The patient satisfaction survey had a maximum score of 38. Results Thirty-five residents agreed that NPPs reduce stress. The majority agreed that interprofessional teams work effectively and NPPs improve education and reduce service obligations. Satisfaction with communication, education and overall program satisfaction was high. The patient response rate was 78%. There was no difference in overall satisfaction between NPPs and residents. More NPP patients reported the provider listened well and explained things clearly (p Conclusion Incorporation of NPPs did not compromise communication or resident program satisfaction. Patients were equally satisfied with NPPs and residents.
Management outcomes of diverticulitis and colitis in patients with active cancer.

Abstract Background Little is reported in the literature on management strategies and outcomes in patients with an active cancer diagnosis who undergo emergent general surgery. The purpose of this study is to evaluate preoperative risk factors in both operative and non-operative management, as well as to describe the outcomes of colonic emergencies within a cancer patient population. Methods A single institution cancer database was reviewed retrospectively to identify patients with an active cancer diagnosis who had an emergency general surgery consult placed for an acute colonic pathology. Results A total of 87 patients were included. Among these, 38 patients underwent operative and 49 underwent nonoperative management. There was a 71% rate of postoperative complications in the operative group; these patients were also more likely to require intensive care unit admission (P Conclusion When clinically appropriate, patients with active cancer who present with an acute colonic emergency can undergo nonoperative management safely. In contrast, patients undergoing operative management have a substantial risk of morbidity and mortality.
Angiotensin Antagonists in Models of Hypertension

During the past 30 years, substantial progress has been made in the development of many antihypertensive agents with different sites and modes of action.1 Newer antihypertensive drugs are effective in the control of high blood pressure with fewer adverse effects than the early agents. Among these new antihypertensive agents, the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors such as captopril, enalapril, and lisinopril have all been reported to be effective in the treatment of various forms of hypertension and congestive heart failure. Further, long-term administration of captopril was associated with an improvement in survival and reduced morbidity and mortality in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after a myocardial infarction.2 These impressive clinical benefits of ACE inhibitors have established the renin—angiotensin system (RAS) as an important target for drug research.3
Multiple human papillomavirus-16 associated digital squamous-cell carcinomas in an immunocompetent woman with prior human papillomavirus-related genital carcinoma

High-risk subtype human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, which is known to contribute to the oncogenesis of anogenital squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC), is detected in the majority of digital SCCs. Evidence suggests a genital-digital route of transmission of high-risk HPV, and most HPV-related digital SCCs occur near the nail unit in immunocompetent adults. As early HPV-related SCC commonly appears as a verrucous periungual papule, a biopsy should be considered if such a lesion persists or occurs in an individual who is likely to inoculate their digits with high-risk HPV from digital-genital contact with themselves or sexual partners. We present a 60-year-old woman, who has a personal history of vulvar and cervical SCC and an appreciable disease burden from SCCs that involved five digits of her hands.
How useful are default rates? Borrowers with large balances and student loan repayment

Abstract We examine the distribution of student loan balances and repayment rates in the United States using administrative student loan data. We show that increases in credit limits and expansions in credit availability resulted in rising borrowing amounts, and that the share of borrowers holding very large balances has surged. For instance, the share of borrowers leaving school with more than $50,000 of federal student debt increased from 2% in 1992 to 17% in 2014. Consequently, a small share of borrowers now owes the majority of loan dollars in the United States. Although these large-balance borrowers have historically had strong labor market outcomes and low rates of default, repayment rates have slowed significantly between 1990 and 2014 reflecting, in part, changes in the characteristics of students, the schools they attended, and the rising amounts borrowed.
A Perfect Mess. The Unlikely Ascendency of American Higher Education

From Someone Has to Fail to A Perfect Mess, David Labaree has long established his reputation for developing compelling, contrarian arguments on American educational institutions. He has an unusual...
Partially Covered Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Endograft for Repair of a Primary Aortoenteric Fistula

Aortoenteric fistulae (AEF) are a rare cause of life-threatening gastrointestinal hemorrhage. AEF are divided into primary and secondary types. Secondary fistulae are more common and occur after prior aortic interventions, namely aneurysm repairs. Less common is primary aortoenteric fistulae (PAEF), which most commonly arise de novo from trauma or underlying neoplastic, infectious, or rheumatologic conditions. Although PAEF are associated with high mortality and morbidity, there have been several case reports documenting temporization of PAEF with stent grafts. These measures are effective in acute settings, often with unstable patients. This approach also provides time for the patient, family and their care team to decide on definitive treatment. This is especially important as many of these patients have serious underlying pathology, or will need to undergo extensive treatment for definitive care. Here, we present a case of PAEF in a patent with Stage IV renal malignancy. The bleed was controlled with the use of a 12 mm VIATORR endoprosthesis (W. L. Gore and Associates, Inc., Flagstaff, Arizona, USA), typically used in transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts. The report demonstrates how an endoprosthesis originally designed for hepatic interventions can serve as an endovascular stent graft in extenuating circumstances. This report also aims to highlight the importance of following endovascular principles and the post-treatment care of patients with PAEF.
HyperSpace: Distributed Bayesian Hyperparameter Optimization

As machine learning models continue to increase in complexity, so does the potential number of free model parameters commonly known as hyperparameters. While there has been considerable progress toward finding optimal configurations of these hyperparameters, many optimization procedures are treated as black boxes. We believe optimization methods should not only return a set of optimized hyperparameters, but also give insight into the effects of model hyperparameter settings. To this end, we present HyperSpace, a parallel implementation of Bayesian sequential model-based optimization. HyperSpace leverages high performance computing (HPC) resources to better understand unknown, potentially non-convex hyperparameter search spaces. We show that it is possible to learn the dependencies between model hyperparameters through the optimization process. By partitioning large search spaces and running many optimization procedures in parallel, we also show that it is possible to discover families of good hyperparameter settings over a variety of models including unsupervised clustering, regression, and classification tasks.
The HER2 tyrosine kinase is a direct target of erlotinib (Tarceva™), a potent inhibitor of EGFR/HER1 kinase.

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 45, 2004 2423 Lung cancer is currently the leading cause of cancer death in U.S. men and women and surgical resection for cure is often only applicable to early-stage disease. Thus, finding new therapeutic treatments for lung cancer is critical. We are interested in targeting both the estrogen receptor (ER) pathway and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGRR) pathway using the pure antiestrogen, Faslodex (ICI 182,780 or Fluvestrant), and the selective EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, Iressa (ZD1839 or Gefitinib), in lung cancer cells. We have found that EGFR protein expression is down-regulated in response to estrogen and up-regulated in response to Faslodex in vitro which suggests that the EGFR pathway is activated when estrogen is depleted in lung cancer cells. This reciprocal control mechanism for estrogen/EGFR regulation provides an ideal model for studying the combination of these two drugs. Treatment of lung cancer with antiestrogenic drugs could give rise to a population of cells with increased levels of EGFR. Therefore, targeting EGFR in combination with traditional hormone therapy could potentially be of benefit by increasing lung tumor cell death and preventing signaling through this alternate growth pathway. We examined three non-small cell lung cancer cell lines, A549, 201T, and 273T, each expressing different levels of EGFR protein. We examined cell growth using a standard MTS assay and apoptosis using the Apo-ONE™ Homogeneous Caspase-3/7 Assay. Lung cancer cells were exposed to 10nM estrogen and 1ng/ml EGF and either 1μM Faslodex, 1μM Iressa or a combination of these drugs. In all cell lines examined, up to a 90% decrease in cell proliferation with the combination of Faslodex plus Iressa was observed. This was accompanied by a 2-fold increase in apoptosis. To determine the involvement of bidirectional signaling between these two receptors in the lung, levels of phospho-p44/42 MAPK protein were measured over time in response to estrogen and EGF treatment. Rapid signaling responses were observed within five minutes in the lung cancer cell lines indicating the involvement of a membrane or cytoplasmic ER transactivation of EGFR. Iressa and Faslodex treatment inhibited this response. Other intracellular signaling pathways are also being examined. In an in vivo lung tumor xenograft model, the combination of Iressa and Faslodex therapy decreased tumor growth in scid mice by approximately 70%, a more than additive effect compared to each treatment alone. The cross-signaling between the EGFR/ER pathways in the lung along with the recent evidence of striking efficacy of Iressa in female lung cancer patients and the emerging role of estrogens in lung tumorigenesis provides rationale to combine Iressa with antiestrogen therapy for lung cancer treatment. Potentially, these studies will provide the basis for a new type of therapy in selected lung cancer patients. This work was supported by NIH P50CA9045440 SPORE in Lung Cancer.
Malnutrition and Mental Development

Over the past 15 years, several studies involving different scientific disciplines have pointed to an association between malnutrition during a critical period of development and permanent changes in brain function. This association has been described in complex human situations that do not permit isolation of any single causal factor. Malnutrition usually occurs in a milieu where low socioeconomic status, limited education, poor sanitary conditions, and recurrent infections are common. In an attempt to isolate the nutrition factor and to explore the interrelations between malnutrition and other aspects of this environment, a number of epidemiological surveys of human populations have been made, and animal models have been sought. The human studies have the obvious advantage of immediate relevance. In addition, psychological testing of children is highly developed and well standardized and there is voluminous literature on the interpretation of many psychological tests. But human studies suffer from the same limitations in interpretation as do animal studies when the testing is done on very young infants. The younger the child, the more difficult it is to use the results of any test as an index of future performance. As we shall see, this has restricted studies of infant malnutrition; only recently have attempts been made to correlate the results of behavioral measurements made in infants below 2 years of age with tests performed at a later age.
Numerical Analysis of Time-Dependent Inhibition by MDMA.

Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is a known drug of abuse and schedule 1 narcotic under the Controlled Substances Act. Previous pharmacokinetic work on MDMA used classic linearization techniques to conclude irreversible mechanism-based inhibition of CYP2D6. The current work challenges this outcome by assessing the possibility of two alternative reversible kinetic inhibition mechanisms known as the quasi-irreversible (QI) model and equilibrium model (EM). In addition, progress curve experiments were used to investigate the residual metabolism of MDMA by liver microsomes and CYP2D6 baculosomes over incubation periods up to 30 minutes. These experiments revealed activity in a terminal linear phase at the fractional rates with respect to initial turnover of 0.0354 ± 0.0089 in human liver microsomes and 0.0114 ± 0.0025 in baculosomes. Numerical model fits to percentage of remaining activity (PRA) data were consistent with progress curve modeling results, wherein an irreversible inhibition pathway was found unnecessary for good fit scoring. Both QI and EM kinetic mechanisms fit the PRA data well, although in CYP2D6 baculosomes the inclusion of an irreversible inactivation pathway did not allow for convergence to a reasonable fit. The kinetic complexity accessible to numerical modeling has been used to determine that MDMA is not an irreversible inactivator of CYP2D6, and instead follows what can be generally referred to as slowly reversible inhibition. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The work herein describes the usage of computational models to delineate between irreversible and slowly reversible time-dependent inhibition. Such models are used in the paper to analyze MDMA and classify it as a reversible time-dependent inhibitor.
Low-Grade Intraventricular Hemorrhage and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes at 24-42 Months of Age:

Infants with high-grade (III-IV) intraventricular hemorrhage have been reported to have worse neurodevelopmental outcomes than those without, but outcomes of infants with low-grade (I-II) intraventricular hemorrhage are mixed. We sought to compare neurodevelopmental outcomes of infants with low-grade intraventricular hemorrhage to those with no intraventricular hemorrhage. This is a retrospective cohort study of very preterm (≤32 weeks' gestation) infants evaluated between 24 and 42 months chronologic age using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, 3rd edition, to determine neurodevelopmental outcomes. Linear regression was used to control for potential confounders. There was no difference in outcome scores between groups when controlling for confounding variables. Infants with low-grade intraventricular hemorrhage, however, had higher rates of enrollment in early intervention services (64% vs 49%, P = .023). Low-grade intraventricular hemorrhage itself may not significantly increase the risk of neurodevelopmental impairment through the first 3 years of life considering other conditions of prematurity.
An Essay on the Quieting of Products Liability Law

For several decades, courts and commentators have disagreed as to whether the standard for liability in product design defect cases should be based on risk-utility tradeoffs or disappointed consumer expectations. Although a strong majority opt for risk-utility a significant minority of courts adopt the consumer expectations test. This Essay contends that as a practical matter in jurisdictions that allow for recovery in design defect cases on a consumer expectations theory, plaintiffs introduce a reasonable alternative design as the predicate for recovery. In fifteen of the seventeen states that allow recovery based on consumer expectations the author could not find a single case in which the plaintiff did not introduce a reasonable alternative design. And in all jurisdictions but one, a defendant is free to introduce risk- utility evidence as relevant to the issue of whether the product disappoints consumer expectations. Thus, whether a reasonable alternative design is required de jure, it is de facto a staple in almost all design defect cases.
High-k and Low-Loss Dielectric Composite Feedstock Filaments, Tailored for Additive Manufacturing of Microwave Devices

In this work, an improved methodology of making ceramic-thermoplastic composite feedstock filament with tailored dielectric properties is pursued. Prediction model-based approach is implemented for manufacturing a wide variety of thermoplastic composite filaments with varied ceramic filler volume ratios and ceramic filler surface conditions. A relative permittivity of 12 and a loss tangent of 0.003 have been demonstrated at frequencies up to 18 GHz for in-house prepared 3D printable composites loaded with 50% ceramic micro-particle fillers in volume. A comparison of dielectric properties of the 3D printed composite thin-sheet test specimens with and without surface treatment is performed. The composites with the chosen surface treatment exhibit an increment in measured permittivity values, while having insignificant change in measured dielectric loss tangents. The newly prepared filaments were used to print a Ku band dielectric waveguide (DWG), which has exhibited an impressive low loss of 0.017 dB/mm at 17.5 GHz.
Planting trees for scalable and efficient canonical hub labeling

Hub labeling is widely used to improve the latency and throughput of Point-to-Point Shortest Distance (PPSD) queries in graph databases. However, constructing hub labeling, even via the state-of-the-art Pruned Landmark Labeling (PLL) algorithm is computationally intensive. PLL further has a sequential root order label dependency that makes it challenging to parallelize. Hence, the existing parallel approaches are often plagued by label size increase, poor scalability and inability to process large weighted graphs.In this paper, we develop novel algorithms that construct the minimal (guaranteed) Canonical Hub Labeling on shared and distributed-memory parallel systems in a scalable and efficient manner. Our key contribution, the PLaNT algorithm, provides an embarrassingly parallel approach for label construction that scales well beyond the limits of current practice. Our approach is the first to employ a collaborative label partitioning scheme across multiple nodes of a cluster, for completely in-memory labeling and parallel querying on massive graphs whose labels cannot fit on a single node.On a single node with 72-threads, our shared-memory algorithm is up to 47.4X faster than sequential PLL. While our labeling time is comparable to the state-of-the-art shared-memory paraPLL, our label size is 17% smaller on average.PLaNT demonstrates superior parallel scalability. It can process significantly larger graphs and construct labeling orders of magnitude faster than the state-of-the-art distributed paraPLL. Compared to the best shared-memory parallel algorithm, it achieves up to 9.5X speedup on a 64 node cluster.
A rapid whisker-based decision underlying skilled locomotion in mice

Skilled motor behavior requires rapidly integrating external sensory input with information about internal state to decide which movements to make next. Using machine learning approaches for high-resolution kinematic analysis, we uncover the logic of a rapid decision underlying sensory-guided locomotion in mice. After detecting obstacles with their whiskers mice select distinct kinematic strategies depending on a whisker-derived estimate of obstacle location together with the position and velocity of their body. Although mice rely on whiskers for obstacle avoidance, lesions of primary whisker sensory cortex had minimal impact. While motor cortex manipulations affected the execution of the chosen strategy, the decision-making process remained largely intact. These results highlight the potential of machine learning for reductionist analysis of naturalistic behaviors and provide a case in which subcortical brain structures appear sufficient for mediating a relatively sophisticated sensorimotor decision.
Instabilities of finite-width internal wave beams: from Floquet analysis to PSI

The parametric subharmonic instability (PSI) of finite-width internal gravity wave beams is revisited using a formal linear stability analysis based on Floquet theory. The Floquet stability eigenvalue problem is studied asymptotically in the limit where PSI arises, namely for a small-amplitude beam of frequency no longer dominate. By adopting a frame riding with the wave beam, this advection effect is factored out and it is shown that small-amplitude beams that are not generally susceptible to PSI may develop an essentially inviscid instability with broadband frequency spectrum.
A Comparison of Edge Detectors in the Framework of Wake Pattern Modeling for Wind Turbines

To monitor wind turbine health, wind farm operators can take advantage of the historical SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition) data to generate the wake pattern beforehandfor each wind turbine, and then decide in real time whether observed reduction in power generation is due to wake or true faults. In our earlier efforts, we proposed an effective wakepattern modeling approach based on edge detector using Linear Prediction (LP) with entropy-thresholding, and smoothing using Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) on the windspeed difference plots. In this paper, we compare the LP based edge detector with two other predominant edge detectors, Sobel and Canny edge detectors, to quantitatively justifythe appropriateness and effectiveness of the LP based edge detector in wind turbine wake pattern analysis. We generate a fused wake model for the turbine of interest with multiple neighboring turbines, and then analyze the wake effect on turbine power generation. With a fused wake pattern, we do not need to identify the individual source of wake any more. Weexpect that wakes cause reduced wind speed and hence reduced power generation, but we have also observed from the SCADA data that the wind turbines in wake zones tend to overreact when the wind speed is not yet close to the highwind- shut-down threshold, which causes further power generation loss.
A catalog of the Lampyridae (Coleoptera) of the West Indies.

The West Indies represents one of the world’s hotspots for beetles in the family Lampyridae and includes many endemic taxa. Nine out of 19 genera and 181 out of 186 species of the currently described firefly taxa present in the West Indies are endemic to the region. The objective of this catalog and bibliography is to generate an exhaustive list of firefly taxa present in the West Indies. A short discussion of previous efforts to catalog this fauna is presented, and all published distribution data is herein synthesized. This catalog serves as a starting point for systematic and taxonomic research on the fireflies of this region and provides a full bibliography for each species. The following species were deemed subspecific and unavailable: Callopisma rufa var. humeralis E. Olivier, Lucidota fulvotincta var. flavicollis Mutchler, and Robopus magnus var. turquino (Mutchler).
Local-Level Economic Development Conflicts: Factors that Influence Interactions with Private Land Developers:

Private developers seek to locate their projects within a specific region. Local governments try to attract those businesses by offering tax incentives. In order to extract favorable terms from loc...
Deep Learning with hyper-parameter tuning for COVID-19 Cough Detection

As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, rapid non-invasive testing has become essential. Recent studies and benchmarks motivates the use of modern artificial intelligence (AI) tools that utilize audio waveform spectral features of coughing for COVID-19 diagnosis. In this paper, we describe the system we developed for COVID-19 cough detection. We utilize features directly extracted from the coughing audio and use deep learning algorithms to develop automated diagnostic tools for COVID-19. In particular, we develop a unique modification of the VGG13 deep learning architecture for audio analysis that uses log-mel spectrograms and a combination of binary cross entropy and focal losses. This unique modification enabled the model to achieve highly robust classification of the DiCOVA 2021 COVID-19 data. We also explore the use of data augmentation and an ensembling strategy to further improve the performance on the validation and the blind test datasets. Our model achieved an average validation AUROC of 82.23% and a test AUROC of 78.3% at a sensitivity of 80.49%.
A Reappraisal of Strategic Trade Policy

We investigate the welfare effect of an export subsidy/tax in the Bthird market^ trade model. The conventional wisdom is that an export subsidy increases home welfare in a Cournot setting (Brander and Spencer 1985) and an export tax increases home welfare in a Bertrand setting (Eaton and Grossman 1985). By allowing firms to compete in a Cournot-Bertrand duopoly model where one firm competes in output and the other competes in price, we are able to show that the conventional wisdom is incomplete. Optimal trade policy does not depend simply on whether firms compete in a Cournot or Bertrand type game. It only depends on whether the foreign firm competes in output or price.
In situ Training for Increasing Head Start After-Care Teachers’ Use of Praise

This study tested the effects of the direct behavioral consultation in situ training procedure for increasing Head Start teachers’ praise during an after-school program. Participants included four Head Start teachers in one Head Start center. A multiple baseline design across teachers was employed to test the effects of in situ training on teachers’ praise rate. Maintenance of the training procedure was evaluated 1 week following termination of training and again at 1-month follow-up. Results indicated that all teachers delivered praise below the expected rate (i.e., 1 praise statement per minute) during baseline, and in situ training resulted in an immediate and substantial increase in praise for all four teachers. Three of four teachers maintained increased praise during the maintenance phase and again at 1-month follow-up. One teacher’s praise decelerated during maintenance, and that teacher received additional in situ training. However, for that teacher, praise rate again decelerated following the second in situ training phase, and additional consultation procedures were necessary for increasing praise rate. Results are discussed in terms of the consultation research and applied practice.
Analysis of mixtures of the condensed phosphates by ion-exchange chromatography: Mixtures of ortho-, pyro-, tri-, tiltra-, trimeta-, and tetrametaphosphates and graham's salt

Abstract When a mixture of condensed phosphates is cluted on a column of Dowex-1 with various concentrations of potassium chloride buffered at pH 5.00, appropriate fractions of the cluate contain (1) orthophosphate, (2) pyrophosphate, (3) triphosphate, (4) a mixture of tetra- and tetrametaphosphates, and (5) trimetaphosphate. A similar elution with eluants buffered at pH 9.00 yields eluate fractions containing (1) a mixture of ortho-, pyro-, tri-, and tetraphosphates, (2) tetrametaphosphate, and (3) trimetaphosphate. In both elutions, Graham's salt is retained on the column until it is treated with hydrochloric acid. Thus two elutions serve for the determination of the seven constituents.
Red cell proteins. I. Two-dimensional mapping of human erythrocyte lysate proteins.

Human erythrocyte lysate proteins were resolved into over 250 discrete spots by two-dimensional electrophoresis using isoelectric focusing in the first dimension and electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in the second. The overwhelming excess of hemoglobin has made such analyses difficult in the past. However, with the ISO-DALT two-dimensional electrophoresis system, large numbers of red cell proteins can be mapped in the presence of hemoglobin. When hemoglobin and several other major proteins are removed by adsorption to DEAE-cellulose, additional minor components are seen, giving a total of over 275. With the use of purified preparations, the map positions of five red cell enzymes or their subunits were determined: pyruvate kinase, catalase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase, and carbonic anhydrase. The mapping techniques described complement and extend those traditionally used to find human red cell protein variants.
Economist and Editor George S. Tolley: A special issue in his honor

The purpose of this special issue of Resource and Energy Economics is to honor economist and founding Co-editor of this journal, George S. Tolley. This introduction to this tribute offers a perspective on his career and an overview of the articles written for this issue.
Modelling the economic impacts of further mineral processing

Abstract Although the question of the further processing of mineral commodities for export in developing countries has often been analysed, few concrete answers have appeared. This study examines the potential impact of further mineral processing activities on industry linkages and growth prospects for copper in Zambia and for phosphates in Morocco. Following an evaluation of the processing argument, a modified static input-output framework is presented, suitable for the analysis of processing activities in developing countries. The empirical results obtained agree well with the theory regarding likely multiplier impacts. This study does not suggest that there is one best processing policy; rather it identifies several processing alternatives that result in substantial economic gains over previous production activities. The results thus suggest that given the right combination of domestic conditions, gains from trade are likely to follow from expanding processing capabilities as well as from improving related processing technologies.
Stochastic Modeling of Terrain Profiles and Soil Parameters

One fundamental difficulty in understanding the physics of the off-road traction and in predicting vehicle performance is the variability of the terrain profile and soil parameters. These operating conditions are uniquely defined at a given spatial location and a given time. It is not practically feasible, however, to measure them at a sufficiently large number of points to be able to accurately represent the terrain in models. This renders traditional analysis tools insufficient when dealing with rough deformable terrain. We employ stochastic analysis to capture the uncertain nature of this running support and the corresponding vehicle response. From a finite number of observations the terrain profile and soil properties can be modeled as random processes, with the actual operating conditions viewed as a particular realization of these processes. Soil parameters vary substantially from one type of soil to another. Moreover, for the same soil type, the parameters change with environmental conditions difficult to predict, for example the moisture content. Such uncertain soil parameters are modeled in this study as uniform or normal distributed random variables.
Chiral Ligands for Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis

This article focuses on the design and development of novel phosphite, phosphoramidite, and diphosphonite ligands with fine-tuning capability and their successful applications to catalytic asymmetric synthesis. A library of chiral biphenol-based phosphorus ligands have been designed, synthesized and applied to a wide range of transition metal-catalyzed asymmetric catalytic reactions. These reactions include asymmetric hydrogenation, hydroformylation, conjugate addition, allylic amination, allylic alkylation, and allylic etherification. These reactions have also provided enantioselective routes to the syntheses of key intermediates in the total syntheses of bioactive natural products. The fine-tuning capability of these ligands is proven critical in achieving excellent enantioselectivity and catalytic activity for specific reactions and processes. Keywords: asymmetric synthesis; catalytic; enantioselective; transition-metal; hydrogenation; hydroformylation; conjugate addition; allylic alkylation; allylic amination; allylic etherification
Dietary zinc deficiency affects blood linoleic acid:dihomo-γ-linolenic acid ratio: a sensitive physiological marker of zinc status in vivo (Gallus gallus) (1043.2)

Zinc is a vital micronutrient used for over 300 enzymatic reactions and multiple biochemical and structural processes in the body. To date, sensitive and specific biological markers of zinc status are still needed. The aim of this study was to evaluate Gallus gallus as an in vivo model in the context of assessing the sensitivity of a previously unexplored potential zinc biomarker, the erythrocyte linoleic acid: dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (LA:DGLA) ratio. Diets identical in composition were formulated and two groups of birds (n = 12) were randomly separated upon hatching into two diets, Zn(+) (zinc adequate control, 42.3 μg/g zinc), and Zn(−) (zinc deficient, 2.5 μg/g zinc). Dietary zinc intake, body weight, serum zinc, and the erythrocyte fatty acid profile were measured weekly. At the conclusion of the study, tissues were collected for gene expression analysis. Body weight, feed consumption, zinc intake, and serum zinc were higher in the Zn(+) control versus Zn(−) group (p < 0.05). Hepatic TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 gene expression were higher in the Zn(+) control group (p < 0.05), and hepatic Δ 6 desaturase was significantly higher in the Zn(+) group
The Path of the Lawyer

In Louisa May Alcott's Eight Cousins, first published in i875, a young woman called Rose is being given a conventional girl's upbringing by her aunts in a dark and stuffy old mausoleum of a house. Then Uncle Alec becomes Rose's new guardian. He strides into the house, throws open the curtains and windows, and hustles his ward into the outdoors. He throws out her old confining clothes and buys her new ones, changes her diet, and with his vigorous scientific intellect begins helping her to clear her mind of received opinions. With the very first paragraph of The Path of the Law, we know Uncle Alec has arrived and that the old Victorian mansion will never be the same again. What was that older world? Nineteenth-century lawyers liked to speak of law sitting "in the bosom of God, her voice the harmony of the world."' Lawyers had, as they saw it, a direct line to God's mind through their knowledge of the principles of legal science, which at their most abstract harmonized with the principles of morals and natural justice, as well as with tradition-derived principles of the common law. It was such knowledge of constitutional and private-law principles that supposedly equipped lawyers to be statesmen and social trustees, who could vindicate the rights of clients and the people at large and also steer them in the performance of their duties. In The Path of the Law, Holmes, swinging his modernizing broom, seems impatient to sweep away all this piety as so much cobwebs. Law is not "a mystery but a well known profession" whisk. A profession is just a job "people will pay" others to do whisk. What lawyers are paid for is the "business" of showing clients how to avoid "danger" from the state whisk whisk. He is at special pains to demystify the law by de-moralizing it to arrive at what he calls a "business-like understanding of the matter." "If you want to know the law and nothing else, you must look at it as a bad man, who cares only for the material consequences which such knowledge enables him to predict . . . ." "I often doubt whether it would not be a gain if every word of moral significance could be banished from the law altogether." Whisk whisk whisk.