cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Chronic Endometritis and Recurrent Pregnancy Loss

Chronic endometritis is generally an asymptomatic condition typically diagnosed by the histopathological presence of plasma cell infiltration in the endometrial stromal compartment. Emerging data suggests that chronic endometritis may be a cause of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). Chronic endometritis is prevalent in cases of otherwise unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss. Treatment appears to lead to improved pregnancy outcomes in subsequent pregnancies. The use of CD138 immunohistochemistry as a supplement to traditional hematoxylin and eosin staining of plasma cells increases the detection rate of chronic endometritis. Chronic endometritis is emerging as a treatable cause of RPL.
A Survey-Based Method to Evaluate Optimal Treatment Selection for Escape-Maintained Problem Behavior.

Geiger, Carr, and LeBlanc (2010) developed a decision-making model for escape-maintained problem behavior that could be used to guide the course of treatment selection. We used a digital survey to evaluate the model’s potential usefulness. We presented novice and expert practitioners’ written hypothetical scenarios and asked them to determine the optimal treatment in a given situation. Some participants were given the model, whereas others were instructed to use their best clinical judgment. Using logistic regression analyses, the general findings for our scenarios were the following: (a) experts without the aid of a decision model had better odds of selecting the optimal treatment than novices without the decision model, (b) experts with the decision model did not have greater odds of selecting optimal treatment than experts without the model, and (c) novices with the decision model did not have better odds of selecting the optimal treatment than novices without the decision model.
Effect of Forced Sexual Intercourse on Associations Between Early Sexual Debut and Other Health Risk Behaviors Among US High School Students.

BACKGROUND Previous research on associations between early sexual debut and other health risk behaviors has not examined the effect of forced sexual intercourse on those associations. METHODS We analyzed data from a nationally representative sample of 19,240 high school students in the United States, age ≥16 years, to describe the effect of forced sexual intercourse on associations between early sexual debut and other health risk behaviors using adjusted prevalence ratios (APR). RESULTS Early sexual debut and forced sexual intercourse were simultaneously and independently associated with sexual risk-taking, violence-related behaviors, and substance use. For example, even after controlling for forced sexual intercourse and race/ethnicity, students who experienced their first sexual intercourse before age 13 years were more likely than students who initiated sexual intercourse at age ≥16 years to have had ≥4 sexual partners during their lifetime (girls, APR = 4.55; boys, APR = 5.82) and to have not used a condom at last sexual intercourse (girls, APR = 1.74; boys, APR = 1.47). CONCLUSIONS Associations between early sexual debut and other health risk behaviors occur independently of forced sexual intercourse. School-based sexual health education programs might appropriately include strategies that encourage delay of initiation of sexual intercourse, and coordinate with violence and substance use prevention programs.
Big Data in Online Social Networks: User Interaction Analysis to Model User Behavior in Social Networks

With hundreds of millions of users worldwide, social networks provide incredible opportunities for social connection, learning, political and social change, and individual entertainment and enhancement in a multiple contexts. Because many social interactions currently take place in online networks, social scientists have access to unprecedented amounts of information about social interaction. Prior to the advent of such online networks, these investigations required resource-intensive activities such as random trials, surveys, and manual data collection to gather even small data sets. Now, massive amounts of information about social networks and social interactions are recorded. This wealth of big data can allow social scientists to study social interactions on a scale and at a level of detail that has never before been possible. Our goal is to evaluate the value of big data in various social applications and build a framework that models the cost/utility of data. By considering important problems such as Trend Analysis, Opinion Change and User Behavior Analysis during major events in online social networks, we demonstrate the significance of this problem. Furthermore, in each case we present scalable techniques and algorithms that can be used in an online manner. Finally, we propose the big data value evaluation framework that weighs in the cost as well as the value of data to determine capacity modeling in the context of data acquisition.
Abstract TMEM-018: IN VITRO MODELS OF HGSC BASED ON MURINE OVIDUCTAL EPITHELIAL ORGANOIDS

Mouse models of high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) arising from oviductal epithelium provide excellent in vivo systems with which to define the cellular and molecular events associated with HGSC development and progression. However, tumors in mice typically develop over months rather than weeks, and tumor progression in vivo cannot be easily monitored. Murine organoid models that closely mimic the biology of fallopian tube epithelium would facilitate research exploring HGSC pathogenesis. We have developed Ovgp1-iCreERT2 mice in which the Ovgp1 promoter controls expression of tamoxifen (TAM)-inducible Cre recombinase in the oviductal epithelium – the murine equivalent of human fallopian tube epithelium. We have established long-term, 3-dimensional oviductal epithelial organoid cultures from Ovgp1-iCreERT2;R26LSL-EYFP double transgenic mice, and show that the organoids contain both ciliated and secretory cells, and express oviductal epithelial markers including cytokeratin 8, ER, PAX8 and OVGP1. Organoids treated in vitro with 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen (4-OH-TAM) activate the EYFP reporter. Oviductal epithelial organoids established from Ovgp1-iCreERT2;Brca1del/fl; Trp53mut/fl;Rb1fl/fl (BPR) mice and treated in vitro with 4-OH-TAM show selection for the recombined tumor suppressor gene alleles by passage 6, accompanied by morphological and behavioral changes associated with neoplastic transformation. Stable organoid cultures can also be established from the oviductal epithelium of BPR mice treated in vivo with Tamoxifen (TAM). We show that long-lived 3-dimensional organoids can be generated from normal oviductal tissue; can undergo Cre-mediated recombination in vitro to inactivate tumor suppressor genes relevant to human HGSC pathogenesis; and can acquire properties associated with neoplastic transformation in a relatively short period of time (weeks). As we have already generated Ovgp1-iCreERT2 mice with various combinations of constitutional and Cre-inducible mutant tumor suppressor gene (Trp53, Rb1, Brca1, Pten, Nf1, Apc) and oncogene (PIK3CA, KRAS) alleles, the roles of specific genetic alterations in HGSC pathogenesis can be explored in a relatively rapid and controlled experimental system. Citation Format: Yali Zhai, Eric R. Fearon, and Kathleen R. Cho. IN VITRO MODELS OF HGSC BASED ON MURINE OVIDUCTAL EPITHELIAL ORGANOIDS [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 11th Biennial Ovarian Cancer Research Symposium; Sep 12-13, 2016; Seattle, WA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2017;23(11 Suppl):Abstract nr TMEM-018.
Therapeutic analysis of Intrabeam-based intraoperative radiation therapy in the treatment of unicentric breast cancer lesions utilizing a spherical target volume model

It is postulated that the outcomes in treating breast cancer with intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) would be affected by the residual cancer cell distribution within the tumor bed. The three-dimensional (3D) radiation doses of IntrabeamTM (IB) IORT with a 4-cm spherical applicator at the energy of 50 and 40 kV were calculated. The modified linear quadratic model (MLQ) was used to estimate the radiobiological responses of the cancer cells and interspersed normal tissues with various radiosensitivities. By comparing the average survival fraction of normal tissues in IB-IORT and uniform dose treatment for the same level of cancer cell killing, the therapeutic ratios (TRs) were derived. The equivalent uniform dose (EUD) was found to increase with the prescription dose and decrease with the cancer cell infiltrating distance. For 50 kV beam at the 20 Gy prescription dose, the EUDs are 18.03, 16.49 and 13.56, 11. 29, and 9.28 Gy respectively, for 1.5, 3.0, 6.0, 9, and 15.0 mm of the cancer cell infiltrating distance into surrounding tissue. The dose rate of 50 kV is at least 1.87× higher than that of 40 kV beam. The EUDs of 50 kV beam are up to 15% higher than that of the 40 kV beam. The TR increases with the prescription dose, but decreases with the distance of cancer cell infiltration distance. Average TRs of 50 kV beam are up to 30% larger than that of 40 kV beam. In conclusion, IB-IORT can provide a possible therapeutic advantage on sparing more normal tissue compared with the External Beam IORT (EB-IORT) for shallowly populated unicentric breast lesion. Our data suggest that IB-IORT dose size should be adjusted based on the individual patient's cancer cell infiltrating distance for delivering an effective dose, one dose-fits-all regimen may have undertreated some patients with large cancer infiltrating distance.
Involvement of Natural Effector Cells in Graft versus Host Disease

Graft versus host disease (GVHD) is the consequence of transplanting a graft of immunocompetent allogeneic lymphoid cells into a host unable to reject them.(1) Many of the clinical studies on GVHD have resulted after bone marrow transplantation to patients with leukemia, aplastic anemia, or immunodeficiency.(2,3)
Domain-general neural computations underlying prosociality during infancy and early childhood

A mounting body of neuroscience research in the social and moral evaluative abilities of infants and young children suggests the coopting of three domain-general processes involved in attention allocation, approach/avoidance, and intention and action understanding. Electrophysiological investigations demonstrate children's preference for prosocial others, that children's individual differences in moral evaluation predict prosocial behaviors, and that parental values may already influence neural sociomoral computations at quite young ages. This review highlights the importance of a developmental neuroscience approach in clarifying our understanding of early prosocial preference and behavior.
Primary Acute Neuromuscular Respiratory Failure.

Neurologists are often called to evaluate patients with both defined and undiagnosed neuromuscular disorders when respiratory failure develops to determine if there is a neuromuscular cause. Being able to confidently diagnose neuromuscular respiratory failure and intervene appropriately is imperative, as early intervention and determination of the cause have survival implications. Outcomes are poor when the cause of neuromuscular weakness and resultant respiratory failure cannot be identified. This review discusses the clinical recognition of primary neuromuscular respiratory failure, its pathophysiology, diagnostic evaluation, and management, focusing on management of respiratory failure in the setting of Guillain-Barre syndrome and myasthenic crisis.
Effect of Heat Treatment on Friction Stir Welded Dissimilar Titanium Alloys

A significant drop in the hardness values have been achieved in the friction stir welded dissimilar titanium alloys after post weld heat treatment. A closer look at the microstructural evolution suggests that the heat treatment at 933 °C changes the microstructure in the weld nugget from globular blocky grains to distinct microstructure with β flakes distributed uniformly in the α phase. With Ti-6242 FG (β transus = 996 °C), and Ti-54 M (β transus = 966 °C) being on the retreating and advancing side respectively, a series of microstructure evolves from retreating to advancing side. With a difference in the composition of the alloys, difference in the diffusion of elements is also responsible for the corresponding microstructure. Diffraction patterns were measured by X-ray diffraction method. Diffraction peaks for ADV side were slightly shifted towards left in comparison with retreating, and center of the weld along with significant difference in the preferred crystal orientation between as welded and post weld heat-treated conditions.
Auditory brain stem response and audiologic tests in idiopathic facial nerve paralysis.

Idiopathic facial nerve paralysis is believed by some to represent one aspect of a polyneuropathy. Conventional audiologic tests have not demonstrated involvement of the auditory portion of the eighth cranial nerve in this disorder. A case history is given of a patient with this disorder and an associated abnormal auditory brain stem response (ABR). Our study involved onetime evaluations of 17 patients with idiopathic facial nerve paralysis of varying durations. Each examination included clinical presentation and history, an audiogram, acoustic reflex, and ABR. Another patient had abnormal acoustic reflex test results (“unibox” pattern) suggestive of a brain stem lesion. On reexamination concurrent recovery of the paralysis and acoustic reflex was demonstrated. No auditory system disturbances secondary to the paralysis were detectable by ABR in this survey. The concurrent recovery of the “unibox” acoustic reflex and the facial paralysis suggests the association of a brain stem lesion with idiopathic facia...
Function computation with privacy constraints

In this manuscript, the problem of function computation with privacy constraints is considered. The problem consists of two legitimate nodes Alice and Bob, and an eavesdropper Eve. Bob would like to compute a function, and the arguments of the function are two source observation sequences that are distributed over the legitimate nodes respectively. To make the function computable at Bob, Alice is allowed to transmit a message to Bob via a public noiseless channel, which Eve has full access to. Under this model, we study the relationship among message rate, private information leakage to Bob and equivocation of Alice's source observations at Eve, and fully single-letter characterize the region of these achievable parameter tuples.
Collections as data: Implications for enclosure

I n recent years a growing amount of interest has been dedicated to collections as data. A collections as data paradigm seeks to foster an expanded set of research, pedagogical, and artistic potential predicated on the computational use of cultural heritage collections. Collections as data raises the question of what it might mean to treat digitized and born digital collections as data rather than simple surrogates of physical objects or static representations of digital experience.
Corn and Soybean Response to Micronutrients

Introduction Scarce prior research on micronutrients fertilization for corn and soybean has shown inconsistent yield responses in Iowa and the Corn Belt. Therefore, the objective of an experiment conducted during 2012 and 2013 was to evaluate the effect of boron (B), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), and their mixture on corn and soybean grain yield. Iowa State University has no interpretations of soil or tissue tests for micronutrients, other than for Zn in corn and sorghum.
Weakly nonlinear magnetic equatorial Kelvin waves in rotating spherical coordinates

In a recent paper, Marquez-Artavia, Jones and Tobias (referred to as MJT) studied wave propagation on a rotating sphere using the shallow water ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations. These equa...
Non-opioid Intravenous Infusions for Management of Cancer-Associated Pain

Opioids have long been at the foundation of treating cancer-related pain; however, non-opioid intravenous infusions have become meaningful alternatives and adjuncts. Cancer-associated pain, which results from the disease process or as sequelae of treatment, is often challenging to control and may not respond to standard analgesic regimens. Lidocaine, ketamine, bisphosphonates, as well as various radioisotopes have been utilized as infusions to provide analgesia and decrease reliance on opioids, which have numerous unfavorable side effects.
Developing Organizational Interventions to Address Stigma Among Mental Health Providers: A Pilot Study

This article outlines a pilot study of “It’s Just Us,” an organizational intervention designed to reduce stigma among mental health providers by increasing awareness of the stigma they hold toward both clients and other providers with lived experience of mental health challenges. The targeted organization was the Mental Health Service Line in a large, Midwestern VA health care system. About 30% of the clinicians in the service provided information about their levels of stigma toward clients and providers who manage mental health challenges at baseline, 1 year later, and 2 years later. Educational and contact interventions targeting stigma are detailed; the first year included education and short-term contact interventions, while the second year included continuous contact interventions. At the end of the first year, scores on a measure of stigma toward mental health providers with lived experience were significantly lower, while scores on (a) a self-report measure of stigma toward clients and (b) self-disclosure of lived experience to professional peers were unchanged. At the end of the second year, scores for stigma toward clients had improved, and providers in the sample were more likely to share their lived experience with professional peers. Further research is necessary to validate these findings. Data provides preliminary support for the use of the “It’s Just Us” curriculum as a means of reducing stigma among mental health providers. This model may also be useful in addressing stigma among other types of health care providers as well.
Referring Families to Nonschool Agencies: A Family Systems Approach.

School psychologists often refer families to nonschool agencies for services, such as family therapy. Although most referrals result in services, 20 to 50% of families fail to follow through on ref...
Dynamic Characteristics of the Human Body

Most studies of the mechanical properties of the human body have been conducted on isolated organs, body segments, limbs or tissue specimens. For these the static and dynamic functions under internal muscle loads or external forces, the geometry and structure are relatively well defined. Results of this type have reached a high degree of sophistication using the whole framework of modern engineering dynamics and stress analysis in the course of the studies. However, if we are interested in the behaviour of the whole body or larger segments of it and are not willing to restrict ourselves to specific force inputs or loads, the number of studies conducted and the information available become less and less. The reasons for this are at least threefold: (1) the overall system becomes extremely complex and its mechanical functions and abuses very manifold. Although engineering systems of high complexity; as for example aircraft, are analysed by dynamic models with respect to their dynamic responses and stress loads down to their individual subsystems and components, they have the advantage of being built of materials with known and understood material properties.
Successful Bridge to Heart Transplantation with Biventricular Impella Support in a Left Ventricular Assist Device Patient

Introduction Left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) provide durable mechanical circulatory support (MCS) as bridge to heart transplantation (BTT). Despite significant advances, LVAD therapy is limited by long-term complications including right ventricular (RV) failure and aortic insufficiency (AI). We report an LVAD patient who presented with cardiogenic shock and successfully bridged to heart transplantation (HT) with biventricular (BiV) Impella support. Case Presentation A 33-year-old man with non-ischemic cardiomyopathy status post HeartWare LVAD as BTT 5 years prior was admitted with progressive nausea and fatigue. Physical exam was notable for mean arterial pressure of 64 mmHg, jugular venous distension with prominent V-waves, RV heave, and cool extremities. LVAD interrogation showed decreased flows (2.7-2.9 L/min) and diminished pulsatility ( Discussion BiV Impella is a minimally invasive option for BiV MCS and may be preferable in patients who have bleeding diathesis or manifest RV failure after LV MCS. This is the first report of a successful bridge to HT with BiV Impella support in an LVAD patient.
Modeling Sensorimotor Coordination as Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning with Differentiable Communication.

Multi-agent reinforcement learning has shown promise on a variety of cooperative tasks as a consequence of recent developments in differentiable inter-agent communication. However, most architectures are limited to pools of homogeneous agents, limiting their applicability. Here we propose a modular framework for learning complex tasks in which a traditional monolithic agent is framed as a collection of cooperating heterogeneous agents. We apply this approach to model sensorimotor coordination in the neocortex as a multi-agent reinforcement learning problem. Our results demonstrate proof-of-concept of the proposed architecture and open new avenues for learning complex tasks and for understanding functional localization in the brain and future intelligent systems.
Unimolecular decay dynamics of Criegee intermediates: Energy-resolved rates, thermal rates, and their atmospheric impact

Criegee intermediates are reactive species formed in the ozonolysis of alkenes. Their subsequent chemistry is critical to an accounting of OH production, aerosol formation, and the oxidative capaci...
Chapter 9 – Local Area Network Security

With an ever increasing amount of information being transmitted electronically, it is important that security be considered in every phase of local area network design and maintenance. Although much emphasis has been placed on such things as wireless networks and remote access, it is imperative that the core local area network not be overlooked. Because the wired local area network is the nervous system of an organization’s Information Systems, great care must be taken to properly secure it. This chapter begins by looking at the implications for the wired local area network infrastructure security. Next, local area network segmentation and traffic isolation will be discussed. By using segmentation and isolation, there is the increased opportunity for security boundaries. Another concept that will be discussed is the security of the local area network equipment. The local area network is only functional if the core equipment is operational, so securing equipment is an important part of any security strategy. To conclude, restriction of local area network access will be investigated and an organizational approach will be discussed. Because more and more users need access to local area network resources, there must be a way to identify and restrict who is allowed on the network and what access they are granted. In wired local area network infrastructure security, organizations must remember they are only as secure as their weakest point. By carefully considering the various aspects of the local area network security during design, these weak points can be reduced and the overall security of the network increased. Although it is impossible to be 100% secure and still be functional, by using some general guidelines to secure the wired local area network, many threats to the network can be reduced if not eliminated.
Adapting WOC Nursing Practice to the COVID-19 Pandemic: A View From Here.

The COVID-19 pandemic impacts all healthcare providers in all practice settings. As a healthcare provider, specializing in WOC nursing, the “daily routine” of how I provide care to patients, families, and other healthcare providers has been profoundly affected. I find myself focusing not only on pressure injury prevention strategies for my patients but also on skin care for colleagues providing care to our patients. Among the most apparent changes in my practice include the need to educate staff on skin care in patients who require prolonged placement in a prone position and teaching providers to use telehealth for routine WOC care consultations. Lastly, with a decrease in elective surgeries, I was tasked to develop a plan on how to refocus the medical department's various roles and responsibilities during this pandemic. I work in a level 1 Trauma, Academic Medical Center, in central New Jersey. I have been a nurse for 36 years and a WOC nurse for over 30 years. During my tenure, I have endured a strike, hurricanes (including Hurricane Sandy), outbreaks of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Ebola virus, and the terroristic acts of September 11, 2001. In my environment, we strive to handle such crises as a unified team. I write this View From Here to share my personal views and experience thus far during the COVID-19 pandemic. As a WOC nurse, I also want to share how I believe my education and experience have prepared me to perform the tasks, roles, and responsibilities I have assumed as the pandemic evolves. When I first heard about this novel form of coronavirus infection (COVID-19), I thought it similar to other viruses resulting in regional outbreaks. However, as the virus began to spread across the globe and in my region, my inner instincts about the threat it represented to my community, and my patients, began to change. My perception was also influenced through discussion with my husband, a public health epidemiologist. I began to see the influx of COVID-19 patients into our hospital and noticed how ill they were upon admission and how quickly their condition deteriorated. As an experienced nurse and a WOC nurse, I assumed I was reasonably prepared for every likely scenario, but this situation proved different as I suspect it has proved for you. Nevertheless, I was heartened to realize that my WOC nursing education and experience, along with the education tools, best practice documents, the Journal (JWOCN), and algorithms that the WOCN Society has developed over the years prepared me for even the unprecedented challenges posed by COVID-19. In addition, networking with my WOC nurse colleagues across the country and the WOCN Society COVID-19 forum has also helped me through this national pandemic. At this time, if someone was to ask me what is the most rewarding role that I have played, it would be the initiative that I implemented for preventing pressure injuries for our healthcare providers. While this represents an unforeseen shift from my typical WOC nurse practice, adding colleagues to my broad community of “patients” is especially rewarding.
The Role of Sex-Specific Risk Factors in the Risk Assessment of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease for Primary Prevention in Women

Robust evidence is emerging regarding the contribution of sex-specific risk factors to a woman’s unique risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). This review summarizes the available literature regarding the association of sex-specific risk factors and ASCVD in women. The American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association Guidelines recommend estimation of 10-year risk of a first ASCVD event using the 2013 Pooled Cohort Equations. This can be further personalized by identifying sex-specific risk factors present in a woman’s history. There are multiple vulnerable periods across a woman’s life course that are associated with increased risk of ASCVD. Risk factors across the reproductive life course that have been shown to correlate with higher risk for future ASCVD include early menarche, adverse pregnancy outcomes (such as pre-eclampsia or preterm birth), and early natural or surgical menopause. In addition, certain conditions that are more common among women, including autoimmune diseases, history of chest irradiation, and certain chemotherapies, also need to be considered. Finally, risk assessment can be refined with subclinical disease imaging (coronary calcium score) if there remains uncertainty about clinical management with lipid-lowering therapies for primary prevention after inclusion of these risk enhancers. Risk assessment for ASCVD in women requires a personalized approach that incorporates sex-specific risk factors to guide primary prevention measures, such as lipid-lowering therapies. Coronary calcium score imaging may also help further refine risk assessment, but no clinical trials conducted to date have addressed this question.
Practical Manipulation of the Estrous Cycle in Beef Cattle

The widespread use of AI in beef cattle is strictly dependent upon development of effective methods to control estrus. Many methods to manipulate the estrous cycle in beef cattle have been developed and are available for use in AI programs within the industry. However, less than 10% of beef females in the USA are bred by AI. Many factors have contributed to the low degree of adoption of AI technology by beef producers. These factors include but are not limited to tradition, the marketing system for the industry, the extensive, low-input nature of many of our beef production systems and the degree of efficacy of existing estrous control methods. The economic advantages of an effective AI program have been well-defined in the past and the movement of the beef industry towards value-based marketing has heightened the importance of the use of AI. The effective use of current methods of estrous cycle manipulation and the development of future systems with improved efficacy are critical to expansion of the use of AI in beef cattle.
Use Of LPG In SI Engine- A Review Study

The depletion rate of conventional petroleum fuels is very fast. Gasoline is used as conventional fuel in the SI engine. Emissions from this fuel cause environmental pollution because it produces harmful emissions for the environment such as CO2, CO, HC, and NOx. Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) has physical and chemical properties that make it a favorable fuel for IC engines. It can be used as a fuel alone or combined with gasoline with some minor engine modifications. The engine running on LPG showed improved performance - in terms of fuel economy, overall efficiency compared to petrol. In addition, it is noted that LPG emissions are greatly lower than petrol. This work reviews the research conducted by previous researchers on LPG-powered SI engines under several working conditions.
Mortality among clients in the New York city HIV Care Coordination Program (CCP): incidence and associated clinical factors.

ABSTRACT Purpose We examined psychosocial factors (housing, drug use, incarceration history or mental health) and care factors (comorbidities and acute care) associated with all-cause and HIV-related mortality while enrolled in the New York City Ryan White HIV Care Coordination Program (CCP), an intensive case management program for people with barriers to HIV care and treatment. Methods We used hazards regression (HR) to understand factors associated with mortality. Results 8,135 people (13,479.4 person years [PY]) enrolled in the CCP from March 2011 to December 2016. The all-cause mortality rate while enrolled was 28.8 per 1000 PY (N = 388), with 43% of deaths (N = 167) related to HIV (12.4 per 1000 PY). Controlling for demographics and clinical status, the variables associated with increased hazards of all-cause mortality included hospitalizations or emergency-department visits prior to enrollment (aHRHospitalizations: 2.54; 95% Confidence Interval 2.07–3.11 and aHRED: 1.54; 1.24–1.92) or a diabetes or Hepatitis C diagnosis at enrollment (aHRDiabetes: 1.80; 1.36–2.37 and aHRHCV: 1.78; 1.37–2.30). These factors also increased the hazards of HIV-related mortality. Conclusions CCP and similar case management programs should systematically screen enrolling clients for a history of acute care and comorbidities, as they may be important markers of need for more intensive engagement and follow-up to prevent death.
Case of a 57-Year-Old Man With Malignant Mesothelioma Presenting With Miliary Nodules on Chest Imaging.

Case Presentation A 57-year-old man with history of stage IIIB right-sided malignant pleural mesothelioma was admitted from his oncologist’s office for progressive dyspnea of two weeks duration. He had associated dyspnea at rest and a new dry cough. He denied sputum production, hemoptysis, or fevers, but he did endorse chills, fatigue, and weight loss. The patient was a veteran of the Navy and had extensive international travel in his 20s. He had never been incarcerated and denied any sick contacts or recent travels. He had received a diagnosis of mesothelioma 11 months earlier after presenting to his physician’s office with complaints of shortness of breath on exertion. Initial imaging revealed a large right-sided pleural effusion with irregular pleural thickening. He underwent right-sided thoracoscopy, and the pleural biopsy result was consistent with epithelioid mesothelioma. Because of invasion of his seventh rib, he was not a candidate for surgery and underwent palliative radiation and chemotherapy with cisplatin, pemetrexed, and bevacizumab. He was undergoing his eighth cycle of chemotherapy at the time of presentation.
EVALUATION OF A FAMILY OF BINOMIAL DETERMINANTS

Motivated by a recent work about finite sequences where the n-th term is bounded by n^2, some classes of determinants are evaluated such as the (n â 2) A (n â 2) determinant â_n=\det [ (x_i+j \choose i-1)] for n \geq 1, where n, k, h, i, j are integers, (x_k) is a sequence of indeterminates over C and ( A \choose B ) is the usual binomial coefficient. It is proven that D_n=1 and â_n=(-1)^{ (n-2)(n-3)/2}.
An exploratory study of users' preferences and use of sources for seeking health information

Studies have surveyed college students’ use of health information sources. But still little is known about the cognitive processes involved in their source evaluation and selection. To explore this topic, we conducted in-depth interviews with twenty students about their use of sources for specific health-related incidents in their lives. The results suggested that search engines, health websites, doctors, and parents were the most important sources, while social media and libraries were the least important ones. The participants cared about the quality and accessibility of information, but also inclined to use sources that they are familiar and comfortable with, sources that match their interests, or sources that are personal and engaging. In actual information seeking, some participants relied only on search engines, while more used multiple sources and involved family, friends, or doctors in the process. The results’ implications to the design of health websites and health education programs were discussed.
Nesting ground abandonment by the maleo (Macrocephalon maleo) in North Sulawesi : Identifying conservation priorities for indonesia's endemic megapode

Abstract The maleo ( Macrocephalon maleo ) is an endemic bird of Sulawesi that lays eggs in communal nesting grounds incubated by solar or geothermal sources. In recent years, maleo nesting grounds have become increasingly vulnerable to threats associated with the growing human population of the island. Consequently, the maleo has become one of the most imperiled bird species in Indonesia and is classified as Endangered on the IUCN Red List. We report on the 2004 status of maleo nesting grounds in North Sulawesi focusing on the Bogani Landscape, the region in and around Bogani Nani Wartabone National Park, where the nesting grounds are concentrated. We compare our results to those of a similar study in 1990–1991, examining changes in nesting ground status in relation to habitat and land use factors such as protection status, geographic position (coastal or inland), and distance to forest, human settlements, and roads. Nesting grounds were more likely to be abandoned if they were: (a) in coastal areas; (b) near settlements and roads; and (c) not in protected areas. Binary logistic regression identified connectivity between nesting grounds and forest in 1991 as the best predictor of whether or not sites were abandoned by maleo over the next 12 years; a loss of local continuity between nesting grounds and forest is associated with a sixfold increase in the probability of abandonment. Access to forest was itself highly correlated with other variables examined, and thus represented a composite index of threats to maleo. The application of this model to the 2004 data identified six active nesting grounds that are at high risk of abandonment in the near future, seven at intermediate risk, and five at low risk. These results offer conservationists priorities for future maleo conservation.
Global ISR: Toward a Comprehensive Defense Against Unauthorized Code Execution

Instruction-set randomization (ISR) obfuscates the “language” understood by a system to protect against code-injection attacks by presenting an ever-changing target. ISR was originally motivated by code injection through buffer overflow vulnerabilities. However, Stuxnet demonstrated that attackers can exploit other vectors to place malicious binaries into a victim’s filesystem and successfully launch them, bypassing most mechanisms proposed to counter buffer overflows. We propose the holistic adoption of ISR across the software stack, preventing the execution of unauthorized binaries and scripts regardless of their origin. Our approach requires that programs be randomized with different keys during a user-controlled installation, effectively combining the benefits of code whitelisting/signing and runtime program integrity. We discuss how an ISR-enabled environment for binaries can be implemented with little overhead in hardware, and show that higher-overhead softwareonly alternatives are possible. We use Perl and SQL to demonstrate the application of ISR in scripting environments with negligible overhead.
An Agent-Based Model of Solid Tumor Progression

Simulation techniques used to generate complex biological models are recognized as promising research tools especially in oncology. Here, we present a computer simulation model that uses an agent-based system to mimic the development and progression of solid tumors. The model includes influences of the tumor's own features, the host immune response and level of tumor vascularization. The interactions among those complex systems were modeled using a multi-agent modeling environment provided by Netlogo. The model consists of a hierarchy of active objects including cancer cells, immune cells, and energy availability. The simulations conducted indicate the key importance of the nutrient needs of the tumor cells and of the initial responsiveness of the immune system in the tumor progression. Furthermore, the model strongly suggests that immunotherapy treatment will be efficient in individual with sustained immune responsiveness.
Mechanism‐based life model for out‐of‐phase thermomechanical fatigue in single crystal Ni‐base superalloys

This paper describes an enhanced physics-inspired model to predict the life of the second-generation single crystal superalloy PWA 1484 experiencing out-of-phase (OP) thermomechanical fatigue (TMF). Degradation due to either pure fatigue or a coupling between fatigue and environmental attack are the primary concerns under this loading. The life model incorporates the effects of material anisotropy by utilizing the inelastic shear strain on the slip system having the highest Schmid factor while accounting for the effects of temperature-dependent slip spacing and stress-assisted γ′ depletion. Both conventional TMF and special bithermal fatigue (BiF) experiments were conducted to isolate and therefore better understand the interactions between these degradation mechanisms. The influences of crystallographic orientation, applied mechanical strain range, cycle maximum temperature and high temperature hold times were assessed. The resulting physics-inspired life estimation model for OP TMF and OP BiF predicts the number of cycles to crack initiation as a function of crystal orientation, applied strain amplitude and stresses, temperature, cycle time (including dwells), and surface roughness within a factor of 2.
Natural enemies of the rangeland weed whitebrush (Aloysia gratissima: Verbenaceae) in South America: potential for biological control in the United States

Abstract Whitebrush, Aloysia gratissima (Gill. and Hook.) Troncoso (Verbenaceae), is a weed of rangelands in the southwestern United States. The genus Aloysia probably originated in southern South America, with the center of evolution in Argentina; A. gratissima is also native there. We traveled 81,550 km in Argentina, Paraguay, and Brazil over a 6-year period searching for natural enemies that could be introduced into North America for biological control of A. gratissima and other weeds of rangelands. We found 82 species of insects and four plant pathogens on various species of Aloysia, in addition to the 36 species of insects previously reported from the plant genus. Promising candidates for further research for introduction included a new species of rust fungus, Prospodium tumefaciens Lindquist that produces stem galls, a probable new species of buprestid stem-boring beetle in the tribe Agrilini, a large crown-boring cerambycid beetle probably in the genus Calocosmus, a scale in the genus Cerococcus, an oecophorid moth Timocratica sp. that feeds on bark, and a twig-girdling cerambycid near the genus Arenicia . Only the rust fungus was abundant enough in South America to cause much damage, but the other species might cause greater damage in North America if their own parasites were eliminated before release.
Planning deficits in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders: Component processes, cognitive correlates, and implications for everyday functioning

Executive dysfunction remains among the most prevalent cognitive domains impaired in persons with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). However, little is known specifically about the cognitive architecture or everyday functioning implications of planning, which is an aspect of executive functions involving the identification, organization, and completion of sequential behaviours toward the accomplishment of a goal. The current study examined these issues using the Tower of London(DX) in 53 individuals with HAND, 109 HIV-infected persons without HAND, and 82 seronegative participants. The HAND+ group performed significantly more poorly than HIV-infected individuals without HAND on number of correct moves, total moves, execution time, time violations, and rule violations. Within the HIV+ group as a whole, greater total move scores and rule violations were most strongly associated with executive dysfunction. Of clinical relevance, elevated total moves and rule violations were significant, independent predictors of self-reported declines in instrumental activities of daily living and unemployment status in HIV. These results suggest that planning accuracy, efficiency, and rule-bound control are impaired in HAND and may meaningfully affect more cognitively complex aspects of everyday living.
A practical approach to the process of measurement in nursing.

Many advance practice nurses are responsible for collecting data using self-constructed questions. However, viewing data collection as a discrete activity rather than as one component of a measurement process is poor science. A practical approach to the process of measurement in nursing is presented. Using the construction of a measure of the execution of advance directives as an exemplar, the theoretical structure of a measure, operationalization of a concept, selection of the measurement approach, identification of a measurement framework, explication of the objectives of a measure, identification and measurement of relevant variables, and assessment of the reliability and validity of a measure are discussed. Characteristics of good questions are reviewed. Constructing and evaluating questions as measures is emphasized. This comprehensive approach to measurement promotes confidence in the data we collect and in the decisions we base on them and the knowledge we accumulate as a result.
Outgroup primes induce unpredictability tendencies under conditions of distrust

Abstract The present research provides novel insights into people's automatic reactions to outgroup members. Specifically, three experiments examine the unpredictability tendencies that can arise from mere primes of outgroups and the circumstances that produce these tendencies. In Studies 1 and 2, participants reported stronger unpredictability tendencies (Study 1) and were rated by independent coders as more unpredictable (Study 2) after being subliminally primed with a racial outgroup than a racial ingroup, but only if they had a chronically high distrust of others. Study 3 replicated the findings of Studies 1 and 2 by using a different ingroup/outgroup context (university affiliation) and experimentally manipulating distrust. Together, these studies reveal that people's unpredictability tendencies emerge upon being reminded of outgroup members and when distrust is high, which ironically may make understanding and trust between parties all the more difficult to achieve.
Alternatives to slash-and-burn : a global imperative

Our generation has seen an upswelling of interest and concern for atmospheric pollution and for the concomitant destruction or degradation of our natural resources. High on the list of both these concerns is the rapid destruction of tropical forests and their release of greenhouse gases in the process. Much of the forest destruction is to provide lumber for building construction worldwide, and for fuelwood, but most of it is to provide land for agriculture.
1-Soliton solution of Benjamin–Bona–Mahoney equation with dual-power law nonlinearity

Abstract An exact 1-soliton solution of the Benjamin–Bona–Mahoney equation, with dual-power law nonlinearity, will be obtained in this paper. The solitary wave ansatz will be used to carry out this integration. This solution will also be used to evaluate a couple of integrals of motion of this equation.
Lie Theory and Control Systems Defined on Spheres

It is shown that in constructing a theory for the most elementary class of control problems defined on spheres, some results from the Lie theory play a natural role. To understand controllability, optimal control, and certain properties of stochastic equations, Lie theoretic ideas are needed. The framework considered here is the most natural departure from the usual linear system/vector space problems which have dominated control systems literature. For this reason results are compared with those previously available for the finite dimensional vector space case.
U.S. Geological survey standards—I. Additional data on rocks G-1 and W-1, 1965–1967☆

Abstract Analyses of samples G-1 and W-1 made between 1965–1967 have been collected and “best values” for many elements are suggested.