cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Corticospinal tract lesion load: An imaging biomarker for stroke motor outcomes.

Objective The aim of this work was to investigate whether an imaging measure of corticospinal tract (CST) injury in the acute phase can predict motor outcome at 3 months in comparison to clinical assessment of initial motor impairment. Methods A two-site prospective cohort study followed up a group of first-ever ischemic stroke patients using the Upper-Extremity Fugl-Meyer (UE-FM) Scale to measure motor impairment in the acute phase and at 3 months. A weighted CST lesion load (wCST-LL) was calculated by overlaying the patient's lesion map on magnetic resonance imaging with a probabilistic CST constructed from healthy control subjects. Regression models were fit to assess the predictive value of wCST-LL and compared with initial motor impairment. Results Seventy-six patients (37 from cohort 1 and 39 from cohort 2) completed the study. wCST-LL as well as assessment of motor impairment (UE-FM) in the acute phase correlated with motor impairment (UE-FM) at 3 months in both cohort 1 (R2 = 0.69 vs. R2 = 0.67; p = 0.43) and cohort 2 (R2 = 0.69 vs. R2 = 0.62; p = 0.25). In the severely impaired subgroup (defined as UE-FM ≤ 10 at baseline), wCST-LL correlated with outcomes significantly better than clinical assessment (R2 = 0.47 vs. R2 = 0.11; p = 0.03). In the nonseverely impaired subgroup, stroke patients recovered approximately 70% of their maximal recovery potential. All stroke patients in both cohorts had poor motor outcomes at 3 months (defined as UE-FM ≤ 25) when wCST-LL was ≥ 7.0 cc (positive predictive value was 100%). Interpretation wCST-LL, an imaging biomarker determined in the acute phase, can predict poststroke motor outcomes at 3 months, especially in patients with severe impairment at baseline. Ann Neurol 2015
Enabling technologies for REMUS docking: an integral component of an autonomous ocean-sampling network

A dock for an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) allows the vehicle to be left on station ready for deployment. However, it represents a significant engineering challenge, as docking requires an accurate navigation system so that the vehicle can find the dock, and complex mechanics to make the required underwater power and data connections. This paper describes the docking system built for the REMUS AUV. It outlines the basis for the design decisions, the as-built configuration, and its performance once deployed. It also delineates the lessons learned from the deployments, and the refinements in the vehicle that have been made since that time, that will improve the system's utility and reliability.
Aggregation, Oviposition and Emergence of Hibiscus Seed Beetles (Althaeus hibisci) at a Central Ohio Marsh

Abstract Several aspects of the reproductive ecology of the hibiscus seed beetle were investigated during summer 2003 and the succeeding winter and spring. Throughout the flowering period that extended from late Jul. to early Sept., aggregations of adult hibiscus seed beetles (Althaeus hibisci Olivier) were collected from swamp rose mallow (Hibiscus moscheutos L.) flowers at 5 d intervals and counted separately by sex. The occurrence of strongly male-biased sex ratios that decreased progressively during the flowering season, accompanied mid-season by slightly male-biased ratios on incipient fruits, suggests that both the flowers and developing fruits serve as sites frequented by the males to acquire mates. During the apparent peak of beetle activity, a cohort of incipient fruits was examined at 3 d intervals for the presence of beetle eggs. Oviposition began <3 d after corolla abscission and had occurred on nearly 100% of the fruits by day 6. Egg density reached an asymptote at day 12. Adult beetle emerge...
Parasympathetic stimulation improves epithelial organ regeneration

Parasympathetic nerves are a vital component of the progenitor cell niche during development, maintaining a pool of progenitors for organogenesis. Injured adult organs do not regenerate after parasympathectomy, and there are few treatments to improve organ regeneration, particularly after damage by therapeutic irradiation. Here we show that restoring parasympathetic function with the neurotrophic factor neurturin increases epithelial organ regeneration after damage. We use mouse salivary gland explant culture containing fluorescently labelled progenitors, and injure the tissue with irradiation. The progenitors survive, parasympathetic function is diminished and epithelial apoptosis reduces the expression of neurturin, which increases neuronal apoptosis. Treatment with neurturin reduces neuronal apoptosis, restores parasympathetic function and increases epithelial regeneration. Furthermore, adult human salivary glands damaged by irradiation also have reduced parasympathetic innervation. We propose that neurturin will protect the parasympathetic nerves from damage and improve organ regeneration. This concept may be applicable for other organs where parasympathetic innervation influences their function.
Orientation of core-shell nanoparticles in an electric field

Coated nanoparticles, which have a core-shell structure, have many applications. This letter investigates the induced torque and orientation of such nanoparticles in an electric field. The authors show that the shell of a nanoparticle has an important effect on its orientation, even when the shell is thin and takes only a small portion of the total volume. For lossy dielectric particles, the permittivity, conductivity, field frequency, and core-shell structure together determine the magnitude and direction of the induced torque, suggesting a significant degree of experimental control over nanoparticle rotation and alignment.
Other-Oriented Purpose The Potential Roles of Beliefs About the World and Other People

This article reports on a qualitative study of youth interviews representing different types of other-oriented purpose. In order to better understand youth contribution, differences in the directne...
The fields of a traveling wave line source in the vicinity of a half-plane

Exact expressions for the Hertz potential and electromagnetic fields radiated by an electric traveling wave line source, of arbitrary but uniform dipole orientation, in the presence of a perfectly conducting half-plane are presented. A brief discussion of the numerical evaluation of the resulting expressions is given. It is also shown that the results for the total fields can be simply modified to produce the scattered fields.
T and B Cells Repertoire in Gastric Lymph Follicles in Children with Helicobacter Pylori Infection

T and B Cells Repertoire in Gastric Lymph Follicles in Children with Helicobacter Pylori Infection
Lobar haemorrhagic mass in a young girl with neurofibromatosis type 1.

A 9-year-old girl with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1) presented with sudden onset neurological deterioration following a 2-day history of headache. She was comatose on arrival with right third nerve palsy and contralateral hemiparesis. A head CT revealed a large right frontal acute haemorrhagic lesion with midline shift and uncal herniation (figure 1). The patient underwent emergent decompressive craniotomy and resection of the mass lesion where, the pathology demonstrated a highly cellular …
Intravenous morphine increases release of nitric oxide from spinal cord by an α-adrenergic and cholinergic mechanism

Xu, Zemin, Chuanyao Tong, Hui-Lin Pan, Sergio E. Cerda, and James C. Eisenach. Intravenous morphine increases release of nitric oxide from spinal cord by an α-adrenergic and cholinergic mechanism. ...
No detectable effect of the DNA methyltransferase DNMT2 on Drosophila meiotic recombination.

Epigenetics is known to be involved in recombination initiation, but the effects of specific epigenetic marks like DNA methylation on recombination are relatively unknown. Studies in Arabidopsis and the fungus Ascobolus immersus suggest that DNA methylation may suppress recombination rates and/or alter its distribution across the genome; however, these patterns appear complex, and more direct inquiries are needed. Unlike other organisms, Drosophila only have one known DNA methyltransferase, DNMT2, which is expressed in the ovaries and historically has been thought to be responsible for limited genomic DNA methylation. To test for a role of DNMT2 on the frequency and distribution of recombination, I compared recombination rates between Dnmt2 −/− and Dnmt2 +/− Drosophila melanogaster individuals in two euchromatic regions and one heterochromatic region across the genome. I failed to detect an altered pattern of recombination rate in the absence of DNMT2 in all regions surveyed, and conclude that other epigenetic effects are regulating recombination initiation in Drosophila.
The effect of ZnO addition on H2O activation over Co/ZrO2 catalysts

Abstract The effect of ZnO addition on the dissociation of H 2 O and subsequent effects on cobalt oxidation state and ethanol reaction pathway were investigated over Co/ZrO 2 catalyst during ethanol steam reforming (ESR). Catalyst physical properties were characterized by BET, XRD, and TEM. To characterize the catalysts ability to dissociate H 2 O, Raman spectroscopy, H 2 O-TPO, and pulsed H 2 O oxidation coupled with H 2 -TPR were used. It was found that the addition of ZnO to cobalt supported on ZrO 2 decreased the activity for H 2 O dissociation, leading to a lower degree of cobalt oxidation. The decreased H 2 O dissociation was also found to affect the reaction pathway, evidenced by a shift in liquid product selectivity away from acetone and towards acetaldehyde.
Maintenance of Spermatogenesis in Rats with Intratesticular Implants Containing Testosterone or Dihydrotestosterone (DHT)

Silastic capsules containing testosterone or dihydrotestosterone (DHT) were implanted into the left testis of adult hypophysectomized rats and the animals were autopsied at the interval of 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks. At 4 and 8 weeks, testes containing DHT or testosterone implants were heavier than contralateral control testes or gonads implanted with empty silastic capsules. Advanced stages of spermatogenesis were observed adjacent to implants containing testosterone or DHT at 4 or 8 weeks, but were absent in the contralateral testes or testes implanted with empty capsules. These results indicate that DHT is capable of maintaining spermatogenesis in the hypophysectomized rat.
AD and CAA: Independent risk factors for dementia

Neuropathological studies have established that over 90% of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients with confirmed plaques and tangles also have cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), which involves infiltration of the brain's blood vessels with amyloid. The incidence of CAA in the nondemented elderly is also
En Bloc Resection of the Shoulder Girdle: Technique and Indications

The historical background, surgical technique, and indications for the Tikhor-Linberg shoulder girdle resection are presented. A case of osteosarcoma of the scapula is reported to illustrate the application of the Tikhor-Linberg procedure and the postoperative functional capacity of the upper extremity.
Real-time rate-adaptable coding for fading channels

In this paper, a new adaptive-rate convolutional coding system for maximizing the throughput over slowly fading channels is presented. The scheme is capable of adapting on the fly to fading conditions without the delay inherent in ARQ-based adaptive-rate strategies. The system employs a bank of encoders, and the current encoder is selected as a function of the channel state information obtained through a periodically transmitted feedback training sequence. This scheme does not require rate compatibility in the code bank, and can therefore make use of the best-known codes of any rates with arbitrary constraint lengths. At the receiver, an innovative decoding method based on the well-known Viterbi algorithm is employed. Knowledge of the encoder choices is not required at the decoder due to its ability to seamlessly track encoder transitions through an expanded Viterbi trellis. The system provides a hassle-free solution to achieving high-rate communications over fading channels.
Non-Contact, Wafer-Scale Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy (DLTS) Based on Surface Photovoltage (SPV)

We present a new version of a deep level transient spectroscopy which is suitable for non-contact, non-destructive determination of deep level defects in semiconductor wafers without preparation of metal-semiconductor diodes or p-n junctions. The method relies on deep level thermal emission measurements by the surface photovoltage (SPV) transient following an optical filling pulse. Non-equilibrium occupation of deep levels is realized within the native surface depletion region by the capture of excess minority carriers. Since the native Schottky-type surface barrier is commonly present on semiconductor surfaces, the approach requires no wafer pre-treatments. Non-contact SPV measurements are realized using a capacitive coupling to the wafer front and the wafer back. The quantitative principles of the SPV-DLTS approach are discussed using experimental data obtained on GaAs.
Tobacco Budworm: Production, Collection, and Use of Natural Pheromone in Field Traps

When adult female Heliothis virescens (F.) were collected while calling and rinsed with ether, the washes contained a volatile material attractive to males, but ether washes of whole moths and abdominal tips soaked for about 2 h were not attractive. The attractive material was not obtained from females that were not calling. A light of low intensity placed beneath cages of females stimulated calling among those that had previously been inactive. In the field, native males began responding to concentrated washes of pheromone about 3 h after sunset, but 90% of the total number of males captured in pheromone- or female-baited traps were taken between 2300 and 0400 h.
Observations of Dissociated High Angle Csl Boundaries in Silicon

In a polycrystal of silicon, dissociated grain boundaries with orientations close to either the ∑=3{111}, ∑=3{112}, ∑=9{122} and ∑=27{255} coincident site lattices (CSL) were observed both optically and in the transmission electron microscope (TEM). Macroscopically ∑=3{111} and ∑=27{255} appeared stable whereas ∑=9{122} dissociated frequently into two ∑=3{111} boundaries. TEM observations revealed ∑=27{255} to dissociate into one or more triangular grains in several regions. These grains consisted of a ∑=3{111}, a ∑=9{122} and a ∑=9{111}/{115} boundary. The latter ∑=9 boundary dissociated further to form twin triangular grains. The driving forces for various dissociations are discussed.
Status of quinolones residues in animal food in Suzhou City

[Objective]To understand the current situation of quinolones residues in animal food in Suzhou City.[Methods]From June 2011 to March 2012,175 samples of animal food and aquatic products were randomly collected from farmers markets in Suzhou City,and the quinolones were detected by ultra performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry.[Results]50 of 175 samples were positive,and the total detection rate was 28.6%.There was no significant difference in detection rate of quinolones between different animal foods,including fish and shrimp,pork and pig liver,chickens and ducks,crabs,(χ2=1.42,P0.05).Among 50 positive samples,the detection rate of enrofloxacin was the highest,which accounted for 47.4%,followed by ofloxacin(21.1%).[Conclusion]The quinolones residues are found in animal food in Suzhou City,so it is necessary to strengthen the management in breeding and sales of aquatic products and poultry products.
Using Haptic fMRI to Enable Interactive Motor Neuroimaging Experiments

Combining haptics with functional magnetic resonance imaging (Haptic fMRI) has enabled complex motor neuroimaging experiments that non-invasively map real-world motor tasks on to the human brain. The technique’s resolution, fidelity and susceptibility to scanning artifacts, however, have not yet been estimated in a quantitative manner. Here, we demonstrate that unconstrained three degree-of-freedom Haptic fMRI experiments can reliably activate brain regions involved in planning, motor control, haptic perception, and vision. We show that associated neural measurements are reliable, heterogeneous at the millimeter scale, and free from measurable artifacts, and that their anatomical localization is consistent with past neuroscience experiments. In addition, we demonstrate the feasibility of using electromagnetic actuation in Haptic fMRI interfaces to apply high fidelity open-loop three-axis haptic forces (0.5–2N; square or 0.1–65Hz sine waveforms) while maintaining negligible temporal noise in pre-motor, motor, somatosensory, and visual cortex (<1 % of signal). Our results show that Haptic fMRI is a robust and reliable technique for characterizing the human brain’s motor controller.
Dressed-state two-photon laser

Although the possibility of two-photon laser action1,2 was first discussed over 25 years ago, it has been realized only under a very limited set of circumstances3,4 and never under cw optical conditions. This is unfortunate because the two- photon laser has been predicted to display a number of interesting properties,5,6 such as bistable operation, novel threshold behavior, and in some cases squeezing. This situation is primarily a consequence of the presence of competing one-photon processes that occur in the previously considered two-photon gain media.
Cellular Biology of the Retinoids

Although interest in cellular biology of vitamin A metabolites and synthetic analogues, collectively called retinoids, has been increasing steadily over the last 15 years, it has seen a very sharp rise during the last few years. A review published in 1980 [1] contained less than 400 references, whereas a recent literature search indicated that nearly 5000 papers, many reviews [e.g. 2–6], and books [e.g. 7–10] have been published between 1988 and 1994 on retinoids. Retinoids have attracted the attention and research efforts of embryologists, developmental biologists, cell biologists, molecular biologists, dermatologists, and investigators interested in cancer prevention and therapy because they modulate the growth and differentiation of normal, premalignant, and malignant epithelial and mesenchymal cells in vitro and in vivo. Naturally occurring retinoids act as physiologic regulators of embryonal development and maintain the proper differentiation of many tissues in the adult. Retinoids also act pharmacologically to restore regulation of differentiation and growth in certain premalignant and malignant cells in vitro and in vivo.
La Consulta Previa Desde la Perspectiva de la Negociación Deliberativa (The Prior Consultation from the Deliberative Negotiation Perspective)

Spanish Abstract:La consulta previa, como una de las herramientas de proteccion de los derechos de los grupos etnicos mas emblematicas por su talante participativo, presenta sin embargo una construccion normativa y doctrinal que no comulga con la democracia deliberativa, principalmente porque supone, primero, la expresion de intereses individuales por parte de los participantes y, segundo, la posibilidad de que una de las partes ejerza algun tipo de poder sobre la otra para influir en el resultado. No obstante lo anterior, la reformulacion del ideal deliberativo clasico por parte de una corriente de pensamiento que ve la posibilidad de hallar en este concepto un espacio para la expresion de intereses individuales y el ejercicio de poder bajo ciertas circunstancias, permite proponer una nueva vision de la consulta previa que la puede conducir a ser un escenario de intercambio cultural, que supere los escollos que esta figura presenta en la practica cotidiana.English Asbtract: Not withstanding the prior consultation is one of the most emblematic protection tools of the indigenous peoples’ rights; it presents a regulative and doctrinal construction which not sympathizes with the deliberative democracy ideal; firstly, because of the expression of individual interests and secondly for the possibility that one of the parties could exercise some kind of power over the other to influence the result. A direction of thought has reformulated the classic deliberative ideal to allow the possibility of finding in this concept a space for the expression of self-interest and the exercise of power, under certain circumstances. These changes in the concept of deliberation allow us to propose a new vision of the prior consultation, which transforms it in a space for cultural exchange overcoming the obstacles that are present in daily practice.
Development of a ReaxFF Reactive Force Field for the Pt-Ni Alloy Catalyst.

We developed the ReaxFF force field for Pt/Ni/C/H/O interactions, specifically targeted for heterogeneous catalysis application of the Pt–Ni alloy. The force field is trained using the DFT data for equations of state of Pt3Ni, PtNi3 and PtNi alloys, the surface energy of the PtxNi1–x(111) (x = 0.67–0.83), and binding energies of various atomic and molecular species (O, H, C, CH, CH2, CH3, CO, OH, and H2O) on these surfaces. The ReaxFF force field shows a Pt surface segregation at x ≥ 0.67 for the (111) surface and x ≥ 0.62 for the (100) surface in vacuum. In addition, from the investigation of the preferential alloy component of the adsorbates, it is expected that H and CH3 on the alloy surface to induce a segregation of Pt whereas the oxidation intermediates and products such as C, O, OH, H2O, CO, CH, and CH2 are found to induce Ni segregation. The relative order of binding strengths among adsorbates is a function of alloy composition and the force field is trained to describe the trend observed in DFT c...
The prevalence of sexual dysfunction and its association with quality of life in adults with congenital heart disease

Abstract Background The prevalence of sexual dysfunction (SD) and its impact on quality of life (QOL) in adults with congenital heart disease (CHD) is not well known. The aims of this study were to: determine the prevalence of SD, evaluate the risk factors associated with SD, and determine the association between SD and QOL in adults with CHD. Methods This was a cross-sectional study of adults (≥18years) with CHD presenting for routine follow-up at our institution. Subjects completed the CDC HRQOL-14 "Health Days Measure" to assess mental and physical health, and either the Sexual Health Inventory for Men or the Female Sexual Function Index to assess sexual function. Baseline characteristics were obtained via chart review. Results 105 subjects were enrolled. The mean age was 31.9±11.7years, 53 (51%) were men, 81% were NYHA Functional Class 1, and 76% had moderate or complex CHD. The rates of SD were 28% overall in the cohort, 30% in men and 25% in women. Men with SD were more likely to be taking spironolactone (p Conclusions SD is highly prevalent and associated with several indicators of worse health-related QOL in this young and well-functioning population.
Theoretical and experimental analysis of the antioxidant features of diarylhydrazones

Structural and energetic features of a series of 15 diarylhydrazone derivatives were studied via density functional theory (DFT) in order to identify the key features that most likely contribute to their antioxidant effect. Theoretical calculations were carried out at the B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level. The calculated physicochemical parameters included the ionization potential, N-H dissociation enthalpy, proton affinity, HOMO/LUMO energies, and the band gaps of the most stable conformation of the compounds. To assess the contribution of these factors to the in vitro activity, the compounds were synthesized and their antioxidant activity was also determined in three commonly used assays. The hydrazones were evaluated for their radical scavenging against the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), and peroxyl (ORAC assay) radicals. The experimental radical scavenging data of the compounds have been then plotted against the physicochemical characteristics and based on the obtained fits conclusions have been drawn regarding the relative importance of the respective factors.
Sexual epigenetic dimorphism in the human placenta: implications for susceptibility during the prenatal period.

Aim: Sex-based differences in response to adverse prenatal environments and infant outcomes have been observed, yet the underlying mechanisms for this are unclear. The placental epigenome may be a driver of these differences. Methods: Placental DNA methylation was assessed at more than 480,000 CpG sites from male and female infants enrolled in the extremely low gestational age newborns cohort (ELGAN) and validated in a separate US-based cohort. The impact of gestational age on placental DNA methylation was further examined using the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study for a total of n = 467 placentas. Results: A total of n = 2745 CpG sites, representing n = 587 genes, were identified as differentially methylated (p < 1 × 10-7). The majority (n = 582 or 99%) of these were conserved among the New Hampshire Birth Cohort. The identified genes encode proteins related to immune function, growth/transcription factor signaling and transport across cell membranes. Conclusion: These data highlight sex-dependent epigen...
Probabilistic program analysis with martingales

We present techniques for the analysis of infinite state probabilistic programs to synthesize probabilistic invariants and prove almost-sure termination. Our analysis is based on the notion of (super) martingales from probability theory. First, we define the concept of (super) martingales for loops in probabilistic programs. Next, we present the use of concentration of measure inequalities to bound the values of martingales with high probability. This directly allows us to infer probabilistic bounds on assertions involving the program variables. Next, we present the notion of a super martingale ranking function (SMRF) to prove almost sure termination of probabilistic programs. Finally, we extend constraint-based techniques to synthesize martingales and super-martingale ranking functions for probabilistic programs. We present some applications of our approach to reason about invariance and termination of small but complex probabilistic programs.
Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Heminephrectomy

Ehrlich et al.1 first reported the use of laparoscopic nephrectomy in children, and Jordon and Winslow 2 reported the first laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) in a 14-year-old girl with bilateral duplicated systems. Since these reports, there has been a boom in the utilization of laparoscopy in pediatric urology, where it has been aggressively pursued as an alternative to traditional open surgery given its association with decreased postoperative pain, length of stay, and improved cosmesis. The recent advent of robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery (RALS) allows for most heminephrectomy to be performed without needing to fully mobilize the kidney, a distinct contrast to open surgery. This helps minimize trauma and vascular compromise to the remnant pole 3–5.
Listen and Hear

The English verbs ‘listen’ and ‘hear’ are contrasted and compared semantically to ‘look’ and ‘see.’
Arrays for the Masses—Setting up a Microarray Core Facility

Early in the fall of 2001, the Oregon Health and Science University (OHSU) Spotted Microarray Core (SMC) was about to open for business when we noticed something odd about our cDNA arrays. We were printing arrays with 5700 genes, which took about 15 hours to complete. Probe DNA printed early in the print run stained brightly with the dye Syto61 and hybridized well to targets derived from human heart RNA. DNA printed after 7 hours was progressively fainter by both assays and any DNA printed after about 12 hours was completely absent from the slide. We ran numerous tests and came to the conclusion that the slides themselves were the problem. After a month of working with the slide manufacturer to solve the problem, which was supposedly unique, I posted a message to the microarray listserv about the problem. No one had any solutions, but I was inundated with e-mail from other cores having the same problem and not knowing what to do. Eventually, through a series of tests in our core, we learned two things: 1) most amino-silane slides had the same problem, but not all facilities experienced it, and 2) a new generation of slides coming onto the market no longer exhibited this problem.
Catalytic Hydrotreatment of Humins to Bio-Oil in Methanol over Supported Metal Catalysts

Valorization of humins, the polymeric byproducts formed during the acid-catalyzed production of HMF (5-hydroxymethylfurfural) or furfural, is necessary to improve process economics and make biorefineries viable. We report the one-step catalytic hydrotreatment of humins in methanol to humin oil containing fully or partially deoxygenated compounds. First, we compare four commercial noble-metal catalysts (Ru/C, Rh/C, Pt/C, and Pd/C). Aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, and esters are the main products detected by GC. Rh/C achieves the best GC-detectable oil yield and 75 % humins conversion in 3 h at 400 °C, 30 bar H2 , and a catalyst-to-humins mass ratio of 1:10. High H2 pressures and intermediate temperatures, reaction times, and catalyst loadings enhance GC-detectable oil yields. In contrast, high temperatures and long reaction times enhance gasification. Aromatics and phenols are found at high temperatures and long reaction times, whereas esters are the major species at short reaction times and high catalyst loading. 13 C-isotopic labeling studies confirm, for the first time, that methanol participates in the alkylation and esterification reactions to form aromatic, phenolic and ester products. The reactivity in isopropanol is also discussed.
Three new species of Rasahus, with clarifications on the identities of three other Neotropical corsairs (Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Peiratinae).

Three new peiratine species in the genus Rasahus Amyot Audinet-Serville, 1843 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Peiratinae) are described: Rasahus nesiotes sp. nov. from Grand Bahama, Rasahus deliquus sp. nov. from Panama, and Rasahus abolitus sp. nov. from French Guiana. Rasahus castaneus Coscaron, 1983 is reported for the first time from French Guiana. The identity of Reduvius scutellaris Fabricius, 1787 is clarified, resulting in the following taxonomic and nomenclatural changes: Rasahus rufiventris (Walker, 1873) is considered a junior synonym of Rasahus scutellaris (Fabricius, 1787) stat. rev. et syn. nov., and Pirates myrmecinus Erichson, 1848 is resurrected and transferred, resulting in Rasahus myrmecinus (Erichson, 1848) stat. rev. et comb. nov. Most records of Rasahus scutellaris auct. (nec Fabricius) prior to this study remain indeterminate. Additionally, the peiratine fauna known from Panama and French Guiana are enumerated, and an updated key to the species of Rasahus is provided. Lastly, Pirates digramma Walker, 1873 (p. 102), tentatively considered to belong to Rasahus by previous authors, is discussed and transferred to Tydides Stal, 1866, resulting in Tydides digramma (Walker, 1873) comb. nov.
A mental workload based patient scheduling model for a Cancer Clinic

Abstract This study focused on increasing productivity and efficiency in a Cancer Clinic (CC) taking into consideration mental workload. The demand of the clinic has increased and the clinic recognized the importance of improving the distribution of the resources. Addressing these objectives have a positive impact in operations, however, it also requires managing the human elements of the system in an efficient way. Previous studies have considered human resources as a number representing a fix quantity of available entities without considering their mental capabilities. This research measured mental workload using a perceptual tool, NASA-TLX, as well as physiological responses. The purpose was to balance patient appointments and increase resource utilization while taking into consideration the balance of human workload as a constraint in the mathematical model. Mental workload was included to assure a balance in the capacity of the human resources without overloading them. The mathematical model was able to successfully build a patient scheduling model considering nurses’ workload. It was shown that the model balanced patient appointments throughout the day by leveling the workload of nurses. Sensitivity analysis showed that the patient demand of the center could be increased by up to 50% without negatively impacting patient service.
Extrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: What the Surgeon Needs to Know RadioGraphics Fundamentals | Online Presentation

A better understanding of the imaging features, patterns of growth, classification systems, and surgical resectability of cholangiocarcinomas can help radiologists guide surgical management and tre...
CHAPTER 47 – Microsatellite Instability in Cancer

Microsatellite instability (MSI) in cancer is a genome wide event. It is very different from the locus-specific phenomenon seen in inherited neurological diseases. Null mismatch repair (MMR) genes lead to such high levels of MSI that it can be seen by simple polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in many hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC) tumors, where such germline MMR mutations have been shown to be the basis of this inherited cancer. After MSI analysis, immunohistochemical (IHC) staining has been used to determine the particular MMR protein missing so that the affected gene could be sequenced and the offending mutation identified. This has enabled the targeting of other family members carrying the mutation, so that appropriate preventive and early diagnostic procedures can be applied. Because the frequency of mutant MSI fragments must be greater than 25% to be detectable by PCR, a more sensitive and quantitative method, small-pool PCR (SP-PCR), is developed. Low, but measurable levels of MSI (1–3%) have been shown to increase in the PBLs of normal individuals with age, and levels significantly above age-matched controls have now been verified in the PBLs ofMMR gene mutation carriers.
A Randomized Controlled Trial on the Safety and Efficacy of Exenatide Therapy for the Inpatient Management of General Medicine and Surgery Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.

OBJECTIVE This multicenter, open-label, randomized trial examined the safety and efficacy of exenatide alone or in combination with basal insulin in non–critically ill patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 150 patients with blood glucose (BG) between 140 and 400 mg/dL, treated at home with diet, oral agents, or insulin at a total daily dose RESULTS Mean daily BG was similar between patients treated with exenatide plus basal and a basal-bolus regimen (154 ± 39 vs. 166 ± 40 mg/dL, P = 0.31), and exenatide plus basal resulted in lower daily BG than did exenatide alone (177 ± 41 mg/dL, P = 0.02). Exenatide plus basal resulted in a higher proportion of BG levels in target range between 70 and 180 mg/dL compared with exenatide and basal-bolus (78% vs. 62% vs. 63%, respectively, P = 0.023). More patients in the exenatide and exenatide plus basal groups experienced nausea or vomiting than in the basal-bolus group (10% vs. 11% vs. 2%, P = 0.17), with three patients (6%) discontinued exenatide owing to adverse events. There were no differences in hypoglycemia CONCLUSIONS The results of this pilot study indicate that exenatide alone or in combination with basal insulin is safe and effective for the management of hospitalized general medical and surgical patients with T2D.
Dependence of DOLP on Coronal Electron Temperature, Speed, and Structure

The degree of linear polarization (DOLP) is an important measure of the fraction of the total K-coronal brightness due to Thomson scattering of photospheric brightness off the coronal electrons that is linearly polarized. However, the corona is also brightened by the F-coronal brightness due to scattering of photospheric brightness off everything else in the corona except the electrons, which remains totally unpolarized at least up to a coronal height of $\approx 5~\mathrm{R}_{ \odot }$ . As a result, to measure the DOLP, the F- and K-coronal brightness need to be separated by taking three consecutive images by turning a linear polarizer through three well-defined angles or with a single image using a polarization camera. In this regard, the theoretically computed DOLP would be a helpful tool to compare with the experimentally measured DOLP on the real corona in order to estimate how well the F-coronal brightness is removed from the total coronal brightness to isolate the K-coronal brightness. This is important because the K-coronal brightness ratios at (410.3 nm/390.0 nm) and (423.3 nm/398.7 nm) can be used to generate maps of electron temperature and speed, respectively, and the individual K-coronal brightness at all four wavelengths can be used independently to generate maps of the electron density in the corona. In this article, for a spherically symmetric model (SSM) corona with assumed temperatures of 1.0 MK and 2.0 MK and radial flow speeds of 0.0 km s−1 and 250.0 km s−1 for the coronal electrons, we have computed the wavelength-dependent DOLP from 370.0 nm to 470.0 nm in intervals of 1.0 nm, and for a spherically asymmetric model (SAM) corona containing a simulation of the Bastille Day coronal mass ejection, streamers, and quiet areas, we have generated maps of DOLP at the four wavelengths 390.0, 398.7, 410.3, and 423.3 nm. Finally, we have used these theoretically computed models of DOLP to compare with the experimentally measured DOLP.
User needs assessment for research data services in a research university

This study assesses the needs of researchers for data-related assistance and investigates their research data management behavior. A survey was conducted, and 186 valid responses were collected fro...
Phase I metabolism of synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist PX‐1 (5F‐APP‐PICA) via incubation with human liver microsomes and UHPLC–HRMS

Studies of the metabolic and pharmacological profiles of indole carboxamide synthetic cannabinoids (a prevalent class of new psychoactive substances) are critical in ensuring that their use can be detected through bioanalytical testing. We have determined the in vitro Phase I metabolism of one such compound, PX-1 (5F-APP-PICA), and appropriate markers to demonstrate human consumption. PX-1 was incubated with human liver microsomes, followed by analysis of the extracts via high-resolution mass spectrometry. A total of 10 metabolites were identified, with simultaneous defluorination and monohydroxylation of the pentyl side chain as the primary biotransformation product (M1). Additional metabolites formed were hydroxylation products of the indole and benzyl moieties, distal amide hydrolysis, N-desfluoropentyl, and carboxypentyl metabolites. Three monohydroxylated metabolites specific to PX-1 were identified and are reported for the first time in this study. The primary metabolite, M1, was further oxidized to M5, a carboxypentyl metabolite. M8 is PX-1 specific, possessing an intact fluoropentyl side chain. These three metabolites are the most suitable for implementation into bioanalytical assays for demonstrating PX-1 consumption. The findings of this study can be used by analytical scientists and medical professionals to determine PX-1 ingestion and predict the metabolites of synthetic cannabinoids sharing structural elements.
Tropical cyclone rainbands can trigger meteotsunamis.

Tropical cyclones are one of the most destructive natural hazards and much of the damage and casualties they cause are flood-related. Accurate characterization and prediction of total water levels during extreme storms is necessary to minimize coastal impacts. While meteotsunamis are known to influence water levels and to produce severe consequences, their impacts during tropical cyclones are underappreciated. This study demonstrates that meteotsunami waves commonly occur during tropical cyclones, and that they can contribute significantly to total water levels. We use an idealized coupled ocean–atmosphere–wave numerical model to analyze tropical cyclone-induced meteotsunami generation and propagation mechanisms. We show that the most extreme meteotsunami events are triggered by inherent features of the structure of tropical cyclones: inner and outer spiral rainbands. While outer distant spiral rainbands produce single-peak meteotsunami waves, inner spiral rainbands trigger longer lasting wave trains on the front side of the tropical cyclones. Tropical cyclones can cause severe damage, in particular through flooding of coastal areas. Here, the authors show that in addition to known impacts, tropical cyclone rainbands can cause meteotsunami waves that can contribute significantly to the total water levels and hence flooding risks.
Fusion of Named Data Networking and Blockchain for Resilient Internet-of-Battlefield-Things

Named Data Network's (NDN) data-centric approach makes it a suitable solution in a networking scenario where there are connectivity issues as a result of the dynamism of the network. Coupling of this ability with the blockchain's well-documented immutable trustworthy-distributed ledger feature, the union of blockchain and NDN in an Internet-of-Battlefield-Things (IoBT) setting could prove to be the ideal alliance that would guarantee data exchanged in an IoBT environment is trusted and less susceptible to cyber-attacks and packet losses. Various blockchain technologies, however, require that each node has a ledger that stores information or transactions in a chain of blocks. This poses an issue as nodes in an IoBT setting have varying computing and storage resources. Moreover, most of the nodes in the IoT/IoBT network are plagued with limited resources. As such, there needs to be an approach that ensures that the limited resources of these nodes are efficiently utilized. In this paper, we investigate an approach that merges blockchain and NDN to efficiently utilize the resources of these resource-constrained nodes by only storing relevant information on each node's ledger. Furthermore, we propose a sharding technique called an Interest Group and introduce a novel consensus mechanism called Proof of Common Interest. Performance of the proposed approach is evaluated using numerical results.
Chapter 13 – Characterization of zeolites by sorption capacity measurements

Publisher Summary This chapter covers the sorption capacity measurement as it provides one of the simplest and most direct ways of characterizing a zeolites. However, the information derived from capacity measurement generally provides only an estimate of sample purity and/or evidence of consistency with a known structure, rather than a means of differentiation between different structures. The molecular volume of the adsorbed phase corresponds closely to that of the saturated liquid sorbate at the same temperature so the measured saturation capacity can be easily converted to the specific micropore volume or, knowing the crystal density, to the intracrystalline void fraction. Automated BET measurement systems such as Omnisorb can also be used to measure saturation capacity. In such devices a dilute stream of sorbate in an inert (He) carrier is passed through the sample and the capacity is found by integration of the measured breakthrough curve. Prior to a capacity measurement any organic template from the synthesis must be removed by oxidation and the sample must be thoroughly degassed. In principle almost any of the common small molecules can be used as the probe sorbate although, in practice, the choice is generally restricted to Ar, O2 or N2. Linear paraffins such as nhexane have sufficient flexibility to pack within the micropores almost as effectively as the smaller molecules so n-hexane capacities are also commonly used to measure specific micropore volume. Bulkier molecules such as i-butane pack less efficiently and thus yield erroneously low estimates for the micropore volume.
Polyurethane surface modified with a hydrophilic polymer containing quaternary ammonium bromide

Surface with antibacterial function is important in inhibiting bacteria or biofilm formation on biomedical materials. This study reports synthesis of a quaternary ammonium bromide and N-vinylpyrrolidone-constructed antibacterial copolymer, coating it onto polyurethane surface, and evaluation of the coated surface. Antibacterial activity, surface contact angle, and protein adsorption of the coated surface were evaluated. With N-vinylpyrrolidone and quaternary ammonium bromide incorporation, the coated surface showed significantly increased hydrophilicity by exhibiting a 7 to 49% decrease in contact angle, enhanced antibacterial properties by exhibiting a 16 to 60% decrease in bacterial viability, reduced protein adsorption by demonstrating a 4 to 44% decrease in human serum albumin adsorption, and reduced bacterial adhesion by showing a 32–68% decrease in bacterial adhesion, as compared to unmodified polyurethane, as compared to unmodified polyurethane. The result indicates that the longer the substitute chain on the quaternary ammonium bromide, the higher the contact angle, the stronger the antibacterial activity, and the higher the protein adsorption as well as bacterial adhesion that the modified polyurethane surface exhibits.
Single cell transcriptional and chromatin accessibility profiling redefine cellular heterogeneity in the adult human kidney

Abstract The integration of single cell transcriptome and chromatin accessibility datasets enables a deeper understanding of cell heterogeneity. We performed single nucleus ATAC (snATAC-seq) and RNA (snRNA-seq) sequencing to generate paired, cell-type-specific chromatin accessibility and transcriptional profiles of the adult human kidney. We demonstrate that snATAC-seq is comparable to snRNA-seq in the assignment of cell identity and can further refine our understanding of functional heterogeneity in the nephron. The majority of differentially accessible chromatin regions are localized to promoters and a significant proportion are closely-associated with differentially expressed genes. Cell-type-specific enrichment of transcription factor binding motifs implicates the activation of NFκB that promotes VCAM1 expression and drives transition between a subpopulation of proximal tubule epithelial cells. These datasets can be visualized at this resource: http://humphreyslab.com/SingleCell/. Our multi-omics approach improves the ability to detect unique cell states within the kidney and redefines cellular heterogeneity in the proximal tubule and thick ascending limb.
COVID-19: Advancing Empirical Bioethics Research.

Research is essential to advance knowledge of emerging and reemerging infectious diseases and to improve the effectiveness of therapies and the quality of care for all patients. Indeed, with more t...