cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Second virial coefficients of some argon-hydrocarbon mixtures and their comparison with chromatographic values

Abstract New measurements of the interaction second virial coefficient (B 12 ) of some mixtures of argon with various low molecular weight hydrocarbons are presented. Recently, several workers have proposed and examined methods of measuring B 12 by means of high-pressure gas chromatography, and these argon mixtures have been measured, primarily, in order to provide a comparison with those results obtained chromatographically. Although experimental error is still quite high (due mainly to lack of accurate values for second virial coefficients of the pure hydrocarbons), the agreement is good and the GLC results appear to be reliable.
Interaction of papillomavirus virus-like particles with human myeloid antigen-presenting cells.

Papillomavirus-like particles (VLPs) are potent inducers of humoral and cellular immune responses, making them attractive candidates for noninfectious viral subunit vaccines. To further our understanding of how VLPs activate the immune system, we have investigated their interaction with human myeloid antigen-presenting cells. We found that VLPs bound, with increasing density, to the cell surface of human monocytes, macrophages, and monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs). Interestingly, there was a negative correlation between binding intensity and CD83 expression in DCs, suggesting that the main receptor for binding of VLPs may be downregulated during maturation. Exposure to VLPs resulted in acute phenotypic activation of monocytes and DCs. Furthermore, VLPs rapidly induced production of inflammatory cytokines in monocytes, macrophages, and DCs, as assessed by intracellular cytokine staining. For each cell type, the patterns of interleukin-1β, interleukin-12, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6 production were distinct from the pattern induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial activator of myeloid antigen-presenting cells. Our results indicate that VLPs target multiple cells of the immune system, which helps to account for VLPs being so effective in priming humoral and cellular immune responses even in the absence of adjuvant.
Atrial fibrillation: Preventing serious complications during AF ablation.

Cappato et al. have reviewed the major causes of death in patients undergoing catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. Many of these complications could be prevented by careful catheter manipulation, implementing safe energy settings, adequate anticoagulation, and esophageal monitoring. Urgent pericardial drainage is critical in avoiding death related to cardiac tamponade.
Locally Ancillary Quasi-Score Models for Errors-in-Covariates

We use the notion of locally ancillary estimating functions to develop a quasi-score method for fitting regression models containing measurement error in the covariates. Suppose that interest is on the model E(Y|u, w) for response Y, the observed data are (y, x, w), and X is a mismeasured surrogate for u. We take a functional modeling approach, treating the u as a fixed nuisance parameter. Beginning with quasi-scores for the regression parameter and the unknown u, we derive a bias-corrected quasi-score for the regression parameter that is second-order locally ancillary for the nuisance u. Our method for this requires only the correct specification of the mean and variance functions for Y and X in terms of u, w, and the regression parameter. When an estimator for u is plugged into the corrected quasi-score, local approximations show that the bias is small. We present simulations verifying this result and an example from child psychiatry, both using log-linear regression models.
An interannual study of the Atlantic North Equatorial Countercurrent

Abstract Beginning in 1983, the dynamic height difference at the sea surface defining the countercurrent trough at 38°W was continuously observed by Inverted Echo Sounders at 3°N and 9°N for six years and ten months. The amplitude of the average annual signal for that time period was 36 cm, and the range of the interannual variability was 25 cm. Thus, the annual signal dominates as expected, but the interannual variability is of comparable magnitude. Two years, 1983 and 1987, are noted as years of sharp increase in the interannual signal (periods immediately following El Nino events in the Pacific). From a derived relationship for geostrophic volume transport, it is estimated that every year the North Equatorial Countercurrent attained a transport of 20 Sv (≡ 106 m3 s−1) for at least one month, while in the cited years it sustained this value for over half the year. The output of an unbounded reduced-gravity model, forced by monthly averaged wind stress, is compared to the observations. The model can be t...
Electropalatography treatment for training Thai speakers of English

Three adult native speakers of Thai participated in EPG treatment designed to teach contrasts between English /s/-/∫/, /t/θ/, and /l/-/i/. The success of the Thai subjects in changing or modifying consonant articulation supports the use of EPG feedback in reduction of foreign accent.
Spatial Relationships and Dispersal Patterns in the Rock Squirrel, Spermophilus variegatus

We examined spatial relationships, dispersal patterns, and social organization of the rock squirrel ( Spermophilus variegatus ) in central New Mexico. Density of adult residents was <2/ha. Yearling females remained near their natal areas and yearling males apparently dispersed. Individual home ranges were large (adult female, X ± SE = 3.8 ± 0.6 ha; adult male, 7.9 ± 7.1 ha) and overlapped ranges of individuals of all sex and age classes. Although adults did not interact outside of the breeding season, non-sibling yearlings did. This population was only moderately social, but shared some characteristics with more social species. These characteristics include delayed sexual maturation in females and considerable overlap in home ranges.
On the Structure of Magnetohydrodynamic Shock Waves.

Abstract : Fast and slow magnetohydrodynamic shock waves of arbitrary strength, for general equations of state and for arbitrary non-zero viscosity matrix, are shown to possess structure. (Author)
Wake Up to Reality: Taiwan, the Chinese Mainland and Peace Across the Taiwan Strait

Relations between the Republic of China (ROC or Taiwan) and the People’s Republic of China (PRC or Chinese mainland) have improved significantly since 2008. However, this study suggests that it will be difficult for the two sides to sustain the momentum in cross-strait relations unless Beijing—and to some extent Taipei—begin to recalibrate their relationship in a more pragmatic way and adopt some new thinking on the concepts of sovereignty and the political status of the ROC. In short, they need to figure out a way to acknowledge the fact that both the ROC and PRC exist.
Dendritic array growth in the systems NH4Cl-H2O and [CH2CN]2-H2O: dendrite tip behavior and the origin of side arm evolution

Dendrite side arms evolve from perturbations behind primary dendrite tips and develop with exponentially increasing amplitudes before coalescence and ripening begin. Measurements of the spacings and amplitudes of these initial perturbations extrapolate to small finite displacements at the primary tips, compatible with small oscillatory fluctuations in the mean growth velocity. The frequency of these oscillations correspond to the initial side arm spacings and this oscillatory mode is an intrinsic characteristic of dendritic growth.
Prospective Memory in Everyday Tasks

Everyday situational factors may substantially affect individuals' success or failure in remembering to perform deferred tasks (i.e., prospective memory). We designed a diary study to explore the t...
A Note on the Realization of Ambiguity Functions

For various practical reasons, a highly desirable attribute of a realization procedure for the ambiguity function would be control over the envelope of the complex signal modulation. A design procedure is derived which has this property and begins with a specification of the range and Doppler cross sections of the ambiguity function. The essential problem is to find the phase modulation of the signal when the envelopes of the signal and its spectrum are specified; a solution is given for the large time-bandwidth product case. An application to the problem of avoiding range ambiguities is discussed.
Tapping Methane Hydrates for Unconventional Natural Gas

Methane hydrate is an icelike form of concentrated methane and water found in the sediments of permafrost regions and marine continental margins at depths far shallower than conventional oil and gas. Despite their relative accessibility and widespread occurrence, methane hydrates have never been tapped to meet increasing global energy demands. With rising natural gas prices, production from these unconventional gas deposits is becoming economically viable, particularly in permafrost areas already being exploited for conventional oil and gas. This article provides an overview of gas hydrate occurrence, resource assessment, exploration, production technologies, renewability, and future challenges.
Effects of nitrogen fertilizer, plant population and irrigation on sugar beet: I. Yields

Five experiments (1965–9) on calcareous sandy loam tested all combinations of four amounts of nitrogen (0–1·8 cwt/acre N) and four plant populations (8000–54 000 plants/ acre) given to sugar beet grown with and without irrigation. On average, nitrogen and plant population influenced yields greatly but irrigation relatively little. In all years between 0·6 and 1·2 cwt/acre N and between 17000 and 32000 plants/acre gave largest sugar yield. Giving more nitrogen or increasing the plant population neither increased nor decreased sugar yield much in any year. Irrigation was beneficial in only two out of five years.Sugar yield was linearly related to root dry-matter yield. Although total dry matter was greatest when the largest plant population was given the largest dressing of nitrogen and irrigation, the proportion of dry matter in the roots was decreased by all three factors.
Detection of chemical and biological compounds through fluorescent emission in a hollow core optical fiber

This paper describes initial work to develop an optical system to detect small concentrations, less than 1 ppm, of chemical or biological agents by monitoring the fluorescence emission from a hollow optical fiber. This class of sensors would enable highly sensitive detection of chemical or biological agents by a small and lightweight sensor. The sensors would also be readily adaptable to different types of analyte by changing the fluorescent coating. Hollow core optical fibers can be filled with a sol-gel matrix that incorporates a fluorophor. Current work has established the sensitivity of an amine dye to weak concentrations of formaldehyde. Formaldehyde can be introduced into a spacecraft crew environment by out-gassing, crew activities, experimental payloads, and human and bacterial metabolism. Formaldehyde is an important trace contaminant to monitor because it is detrimental in small doses and long term exposure to low concentrations causes hypersensitivity. These issues become increasingly important in a closed-loop environment such as the crew habitat for astronauts on a long term mission.
Cloning of a major surface-antigen gene of Trypanosoma cruzi and identification of a nonapeptide repeat.

The parasitic protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi can establish infection in humans and other vertebrate hosts through direct penetration of host cells by trypomastigotes transmitted by the insect vector1. Although the molecular processes involved in trypomastigote interiorization of vertebrate cells are unknown, several studies suggest that surface glycoproteins are involved2–4. It is likely that the proteins involved are specific to the trypomastigote stage of the parasite, since only trypomastigotes found in both the insect vector and the vertebrate host bloodstream are capable of invading vertebrate cells. In contrast, the epimastigote stage, found exclusively in the vector, and the amastigote stage, an intracellular stage in the vertebrate host, cannot penetrate the cell directly. We have therefore concentrated our efforts on trypomastigote surface proteins and, along with others, have identified two trypomastigote-specific surface glycoproteins of relative molecular mass (Mr) 90,000 (90K) and 85,000 (85K)5,6. Antibody neutralization experiments indicate that the 85K glycoprotein is necessary for efficient interiorization of trypomastigotes in mammalian cells. Here we describe the molecular cloning of a genomic DNA fragment that encodes antigenic determinants present in the 85K trypomastigote surface antigen. The polypeptide fragment encoded by the cloned DNA is recognized by serum from a T. cruzi-infected host and is inferred by DNA sequence analysis to contain a nonapeptide unit that is tandemly repeated five times. Also, the messenger complementary to the cloned DNA fragment is present only in the trypomastigote stage of the parasite.
Jefferson Medical College class of 2007 white coat keynote address.

Dr. James Studdiford's keynote address was delivered August 8, 2003, as part of the ninth White Coat Ceremony at Jefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University. The ceremony, designed as part of opening exercises for matriculating medical students, welcomes students into the professional family of medicine. Following Dr. Studdiford's comments, family and faculty circulated among the class and helped the students put on their new white coats. No student put on her/his own white coat. It is a moment to be shared with the loved ones and faculty who will support and shepherd students through the adventure of medical training, training replete with the triumphs and challenges, as Dr. Studdiford describes. A powerful piece of the ceremony occurs after the coating, when students join a legacy dating to the fifth century BC by reciting the Oath of Hippocrates. The original Hippocratic Oath charged physicians with the weighty responsibility of selecting worthy individuals for training in the art of medicine. Candidates for medical training were to be individuals with characters marked by moral discipline, reverence for life, and a capacity for commitment to the core Hippocratic values: beneficence, honesty, respect for the doctor-patient relationship, and protection of the privacy of the details of individuals' lives and ills. Students of medicine were required to so commit themselves before they could commence medical training. In a return to Hippocratic tradition, the White Coat Ceremony represents a welcome as well as a shared covenant to a unifying professionalism in medicine. With the challenges to professionalism detailed by Dr. Studdiford, the White Coat Ceremony reminds aspiring and practicing physicians of the heritage that is ours to protect.—Mitchell J.M. Cohen, MD, the Pain Medicine Program and the Department of Undergraduate Medical Education, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Jefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
Explaining Race and Gender Differences in Adolescent Sexual Behavior

L'activite sexuelle des adolescents, appartenant a des sousgroupes specifiques de race et de sexe aux Etats-Unis, est determinee par des facteurs tels que la structure familiale et les caracteristiques du voisinage. Les resultats sont differents selon la race et le sexe y compris a l'interieur d'un meme groupe ethnique. Deux variables sont a prendre en consideration : celle derive d'un controle social (Hirschi), tel que les aspirations scolaires, ou l'attachement familial, et celle derive de la pression sociale (Merton), telle que l'echec scolaire
SU-C-BRE-03: Dual Compartment Mathematical Modeling of Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM)

Purpose: To explore the aggressive recurrence and radioresistence of GBM with a dual compartment tumor survival mathematical model based on intrinsic tumor heterogeneity, cancer stem cells (CSC) and differentiated cancer cells (DCC). Methods: The repopulation and differentiation responses to radiotherapy of a solid tumor were simulated using an Ordinary Differential Equation (ODE). To obtain the tumor radiobiological parameters, we assumed that a tumor consists of two subpopulations, each with its distinctive linear quadratic parameters. The dual compartment cell survival model was constructed as SF(D)=F × exp(-α1 D-β1D2) + (1-F) × exp(-α2D-β2D2) for a single fraction of treatment, with F as the fraction of CSC, and α and β describing the radiological properties of each population. Robust least square fitting was performed on clonogenic survival data from one GBM (U373MG) and one NSCLC (H460) cell line. The fit parameters were then used in the ODE model to predict treatment outcome of various treatment schemes. Results: The fit parameters from GBM cell survival data were (F, α1, β1, α2, β2)=(0.0396, 0.0801, 0.0006, 0.1363, 0.0279), exhibiting two populations with distinctive radiological properties, CSC more radioresistant than DCC. The GBM cell line exhibited significantly poorer tumor control than its single compartment model prediction and NSCLC, which responded well to hypofrationation. The increased radioresistance was due to rapid regrowth of the DCC compartment triggered by its depletion while maintaining a viable CSC population. The rapid regrowth can be reduced by treating dose fractions ≤ 2 Gy with a prolonged treatment period. Conclusion: The interaction between a radioresistant CSC compartment and DCC compartment can explain the poor clinical outcome of GBM after radiotherapy despite dose escalation and hypofractionation attempts. Lower dose fractions result in better treatment outcome but still eventually recurs. Dose escalation beyond 100 Gy and/or differentiation therapy will be vital in achieving GBM tumor control.
Designing accelerator-based epithermal neutron beams for boron neutron capture therapy

The {sup 7}Li(p,n){sup 7}Be reaction has been investigated as an accelerator-driven neutron source for proton energies between 2.1 and 2.6 MeV. Epithermal neutron beams shaped by three moderator materials, Al/AlF{sub 3}, {sup 7}LiF, and D{sub 2}O, have been analyzed and their usefulness for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) treatments evaluated. Radiation transport through the moderator assembly has been simulated with the Monte Carlo {ital N}-particle code (MCNP). Fluence and dose distributions in a head phantom were calculated using BNCT treatment planning software. Depth-dose distributions and treatment times were studied as a function of proton beam energy and moderator thickness. It was found that an accelerator-based neutron source with Al/AlF{sub 3} or {sup 7}LiF as moderator material can produce depth-dose distributions superior to those calculated for a previously published neutron beam design for the Brookhaven Medical Research Reactor, achieving up to {approximately}50{percent} higher doses near the midline of the brain. For a single beam treatment, a proton beam current of 20 mA, and a {sup 7}LiF moderator, the treatment time was estimated to be about 40 min. The tumor dose deposited at a depth of 8 cm was calculated to be about 21 Gy-Eq. {copyright} {ital 1998 American Association of Physicistsmore » in Medicine.}« less
Effect of Colchicine on 45Ca and Choline Uptake, and Acetylcholine Release in Rat Brain Synaptosomes

The effects of 1 and 10 mM colchicine on the K+-evoked release of preformed and newly synthesized acetylcholine and on the K+-depolarization-stimulated uptake of 45Ca were compared in rat brain synaptosomes. Preincubation of synaptosomes with 1 mM colchicine had little effect on transmitter release and on uptake of 45Ca; 10 mM colchicine inhibited both the release of transmitter and uptake of 45Ca by 58%. Since 1 mM colchicine has been shown to disaggregate intrasynaptosomal microtubules almost completely, but to be without effect on release of either preformed or newly synthesized acetylcholine in our experiments, it is concluded that colchicine modifies transmitter release by reducing Ca2+ influx, rather than by its postulated intracellular action on microtubule-mediated transmitter mobilization. In addition, 1 and 10 mM cholchicine significantly inhibited the high-affinity choline uptake in synaptosomes. This hemicholinium-like action of colchicine may contribute to the reduction of transmitter release.
Postoperative apnea in infants

This is a review of 127 neonates evaluated for postoperative apnea and bradycardia (A&B) after inguinal surgery. The patients could be divided into three groups based on postconceptional age (PCA) at operation. Ten of 29 patients operated on at PCA of 33 to 39 weeks developed episodes of A&B. Preoperative assessment was not reliable in their identification. In the second group of 54 patients at PCA 40 to 44 weeks, 8 developed A&B, whereas in the third group of 44 patients at PCA of 45 to 60 weeks 1 patient developed A&B. In the latter two groups preoperative assessment identified all patients at high risk. We conclude that after PCA of 40 weeks patients at risk for A&B can be identified preoperatively. Patients operated on up to 39 weeks PCA should all be observed in the hospital.
Comparison of Conventional Fractionation Approach and Optimization of Fractionation in IMRT

Purpose/Objective: Four-dimensional (4D) computed tomography (CT) permits assessment of respiratory-induced tumor and organ motion. Current 4D CT reconstruction methods assume a relatively regular, reproducible breathing pattern. Irregularities in the respiratory pattern can lead to substantial reconstruction artifacts in the 4D image series. We report a quantitative measure of breathing cycle irregularity based on analysis of external marker motion and correlate this parameter with a measure of the severity of reconstruction artifacts in the resulting 4D CT image.
TOWARD VERIFYING THE ASSUMPTIONS OF LABORATORY‐INDUCED SLIPS OF THE TONGUE: THE OUTPUT‐ERROR AND EDITING ISSUES

During the second half of the past decade, psycholinguistic models of speech production have been modified to include a “prearticulatory editing” component, the supposed function of which is to verify the linguistic integrity of impending phoneme strings destined for articulation. Empirical support for psycholinguistic editing comes primarily from studies by the present authors on laboratory-induced verbal slips. All of these studies have depended upon two crucial claims: that laboratory slips are errors of output, and that error-rate differentials are evidence of editing. Recently, however, it has been recognized that neither of these assumptions has been convincingly demonstrated, and consequently the editing models instigated by the earlier studies are being reassessed. The present study tested these two assumptions directly. The output-error assumption was supported by finding larger Galvanic Skin Resistance (GSR) responses for verbal slips than for correct vocalizations. The editing assumption was supported by finding that presumably edited vocal responses (identified by GSR) require more processing time (i.e., vocal response latency) than unedited responses. The reasoning from the empirical observations to conclusions about these assumptions is discussed in detail. Secondarily, a hypothesized social acceptability editing criterion was supported by the observation that neutral verbal slips outnumber taboo counterparts.
DDD/DDT Pacemakers in the Treatment of Ventricular Tachycardia

The possibility of adapting multimode dual-chamber pacemakers for programmed and burst stimulation was explored in a group of patients with ventricular tachycardia. The potential usefulness and pitfalls of these pacemakers were exemplified in one patient, presented in detail. The implanted DDD pacemaker was programmed to an all-synchronous mode (DDT), permitting programmed ventricular stimulation through synchronization with chest wall stimulation provided by a standard external programmable stimulator. With the ventricular sensing refractory period shortened to 200 ms, both programmed electrical stimulation and burst pacing for termination of induced tachycardias were possible. When medications failed to offer protection against the patient's tachycardias, the ventricular sensing refractory period (and minimum stimulation interval) was increased to 300 ms, thereby permitting burst pacing at up to 200 beats/minute for termination of spontaneous episodes, After many trials to confirm the efficacy of such stimulation, and the lack of muscle potential triggering, the patient was discharged home with the pacemaker in the DDT mode. He was instructed to go to his local emergency room, and was equipped with a portable device to trigger his implanted unit. Subsequently, the patient had successful termination of several spontaneous episodes of ventricular tachycardia in an emergency room. Later, he began to experience palpitations during certain exercises, and it was found that the implanted unit was being triggered by pectoral myopotentials. The unit was there/ore reprogrammed to decrease the sensitivity, and the patient was again discharged. The need for careful evaluation and close follow-up is emphasized to maximize the benefits and to minimize the very serious potential risks of this pacing mode.
The Worldwide Academic Field of Business Ethics: Scholars’ Perceptions of the Most Important Issues

We conducted an international survey of 211 scholars with expertise in business ethics. Each respondent was asked to identify the three most important issues that business ethics academia will face in the coming decade. Using content analytic procedures, responses were categorized and analyzed for commonalities. The results suggest that the most important issues facing business ethics academia in the future will be the following: (1) issues relating to business ethics education such as curriculum, pedagogy, faculty, and accreditation (2) the credibility of the business ethics field, (3) environmental issues, (4) issues relating to business ethics research such as research tools and quality of business ethics research (5) the decline of ethical behavior in society and organizations, (6) corporate social responsibility (CSR), (7) globalization, and (8) the institutionalization of ethics into business. We maintain that these issues have important teaching and research implications for the future sustainability of the business ethics discipline.
A COMMENT ON THE TEST OF OVERIDENTIFYING RESTRICTIONS

THE TEST OF OVERIDENTIFYING restrictions of one equation in a simultaneous system proposed by Anderson and Rubin [1] and amplified by Koopmans and Hood [7] has been a source of some confusion in the literature. For instance, Liu and Breen [8] claimed that "It is ... clear that the test does not really test the null hypothesis (of zero restrictions on the endogenous and exogenous variables)" because, they thought the restrictions on the endogenous variables were included in the computation of the likelihood under the alternative hypothesis. After Fisher and Kadane [3] gave a verbal argument showing that the test is consistent over a wide class of alternatives, Liu and Breen [9] withdrew their earlier view. Nonetheless there is a problem in that generally the null hypothesis is expressed in terms of the structural form, while generally consistency is a matter of the reduced form. Our purpose is to reexamine this problem, and prove two theorems showing the equivalence of various conditions in the literature. We suggest that the null hypothesis be extended.
The US must help set international standards for nanotechnology.

International standards have a crucial role in supporting global trade and protecting human health and the environment. US government agencies and the private sector must become more involved in international efforts to establish such standards, and representatives from all nations must ensure that all standards are based on sound science.
Examination of In-Grown Stacking Faults in 8°- and 4°-Offcut 4H-SiC Epitaxy by Photoluminescence Imaging

Thirty-six large, up to 3-inch-diameter, epitaxial 4H-SiC samples were mapped by photoluminescence imaging. In-grown stacking faults (IGSFs) for both 8°- and 4°-offcut were examined structurally and spectrally. Imaging at various spectral bands revealed different features for IGSFs. For the 8°-offcut, IGSFs possessed two well-defined shapes, while for the 4°-offcut IGSFs appear with a variety of shapes. The difference in IGSF formations between 8°- and 4°-offcut is currently unknown. Screw dislocations displaced the IGSF basal plane, producing line defects that possessed irregular intensity. Rough estimates of the IGSF density were performed over representative regions of the whole wafers with some wafers having 100 cm−2. Most IGSFs (>95%) originated at the epilayer/substrate interface, revealed by a small triangle in the buffer layer. Particles were responsible for the few IGSFs formed after the initial growth. The results suggested that pregrowth treatment and initial growth conditions were responsible for forming a majority of the IGSFs.
In Situ Self Assembly of Nanocomposites: Competition of Chaotic Advection and Interfacial Effects as Observed by X-Ray Diffreaction

The effects of chaotic advection on the in situ assembly of a hierarchal nanocomposite of Poly Amide 6, (nylon 6 or PA6) and platelet shape nanoparticles (NPs) were studied. The assemblies were formed by chaotic advection, where melts of pristine PA6 and a mixture of PA6 with NPs were segregated into discrete layers and extruded into film in a continuous process. The process assembles the nanocomposite into alternating pristine-polymer and oriented NP/polymer layers. The structure of these hierarchal assemblies was probed by X-rays as a processing parameter, N, was varied. This parameter provides a measure of the extent of in situ structuring by chaotic advection. We found that all assemblies are semi-crystalline at room temperature. Increasing N impacts the ratio of α to γ crystalline forms. The effects of the chaotic advection vary with the concentration of the NPs. For nanocomposites with lower NP concentrations the amount of the γ crystalline form increased with N. However, at higher NP concentrations, interfacial effects of the NP play a significant role in determining the structure, where the NPs oriented along the melt flow direction and the polymer chains oriented perpendicular to the NP surfaces.
All's Well That Ends Well: A Comment on Research Strategy

We appreciate Dr. Eysenck's tribute (9) to our work on anxiety (7) and recognize the importance of his criticisms, which apply, not just to our study, but to the factor analytic model itself as generally employed. Two criticisms are that factor analysis of Pearson rs doesn't allow for, first, non-linear relations, or, second, "compensatory tendencies." If space permitted, we would reply solely on theoretical grounds-Cattell has discussed the rationale of dealing with non-linear relations ( 5 ) and compensatory tendencies ( 2 ) within the factor analytic model-but as it happens, our case can be made empirically. Firstly, even if it were true that ". . . factor analytic methods are well adapted only to rectilinear regression . . .," strong evidence exists that most relationships &re linear. Recently, of 2000 correlation plots examined (4), less than 1% were significantly non-linear. Secondly, as Dr. Eysenck recognizes, the widespread existence of compensatory tendencies and non-linear relations would tend to reduce both the size and stability of Pearson rs. An implication is that correlations and factor loadings will not be subStantially improvable simply by augmenting test reliability, The facts, contradicting this position, are that our correlational and factor analytic relationships are generally stable (as we had hoped our demonstration of replication over 13 multivariate studies would show), of reasonably good size (including some as yet unpublished relationships between physiological variables and U.I. 24), and can be improved by augmenting test reliability. Questionnaire test loadings are now stable and high because they are more reliable than objective tests. A current shift of emphasis to lengthening and improving the formerly low reliability of objective tests (rather than attempting to cover this relatively new domain of measurement with many short tests) has shown that their correlations and loadings can be substantially improved. The high attained questionnaire loading level and the improved level in objective tests via increased reliability, are inconsistent with the hypothesis of substantial distortion by non-linearity or non-additiveness. As to compensatory "symptom equivalence" models it is pointless to discuss models which everyone is aware of unless the speaker can contribute methods of solution by calculation. As Cattell pointed out in discussing Frenkel Brunswik's failure to follow up a promising pioneer application of correlation to dynamic data, it is a misconception to suppose that the factor analytic model cannot represent dynamic compensatory behavior ( 2 ) . The main point of this rejoinder is that the simplest model-in this case the additive, linear, factor analytic model-is to be used until proven inadequate. In research, all is well that ends well, and, since we ended with meaningful regularities, with definite and consistent conclusions, it is proof that our model fits reality. Aspects of reality not now covered can be captured by later modifications of the model.
Exposing the roots of hair cell regeneration in the ear.

Robust regeneration of hair cells, which mediate hearing and balance in the ear, occurs in most vertebrates, with the exception of mammals. Now, the identification of stem cells in the mouse inner ear that can give rise to hair cells raises the prospect of inducing regeneration in mammals as well ( pages 1293–1299 ).
Quantitation of Complexed versus Free Polymers in Interpolyelectrolyte Polyplex Formulations

The quantity of free polymer in a polymer/DNA complex (polyplex) formulation critically impacts its gene transfection efficiency, cellular uptake, and toxicity. In this study, the compositions of three interpolyelectrolyte polyplex formulations were quantified by a facile NMR method. Using careful integration of a 1D 1H NMR spectrum with a broad spectral width, the quantities of unbound polymer and polyplexes in solution were determined. Linear polyethyleneimine (PEI) mixed with DNA at polymer amine to DNA phosphate molar ratio (N/P ratio) of 5 revealed an effective binding N/P ratio of 3.5 without excess free polymer. This result is in strong agreement with the stoichiometric number of PEI/DNA binding obtained by isothermal titration calorimetry. The noninvasive nature of this method allows broad application to a range of polyelectrolyte coacervates, opening new opportunities for understanding and optimizing polyelectrolyte complex formation and providing quantitation of complex formation in a single mea...
Intracellular calcium and myocardial contractility: IV. Distribution of calcium in the failing heart

Abstract Myocardial calcium and its distribution in intracellular fractions were measured in chronic heart failure occurring in rabbits with experimental aortic insufficiency. In these animals heart failure was characterized by the presence of pulmonary congestion and edema and the development of diminished myocardial contractility. Hearts were analyzed for calcium contents either after perfusion in vitro or immediately after removal from the animals. Total myocardial calcium was similar in control and failing hearts after in vitro perfusion and was only minimally increased in those failing hearts which were not perfused. However, calcium was elevated in intracellular fractions prepared from failing hearts. An increase of calcium was found in mitochondria of hearts perfused in vitro from a control of 10.9 ± 0.5 to 16.3 ± 1.6 nmol/mg. Similar increments in mitochondrial calcium were seen in the failing hearts which were not perfused but analyzed immediately after removal from the animal. Changes of calcium in the microsomal fractions were more difficult to interpret because of the greater heterogeneity of these fractions. These findings indicate that, although the total amount of calcium available to the myocardial cell is not diminished in the failing heart, a change of intracellular calcium metabolism is present, leading to an altered distribution of this cation with greater amounts accumulated in mitochondria. These changes may be causally related to the reduced contractility of the failing heart by limiting the amount of calcium available to initiate contraction.
Biologically Inspired Closed Loop Manufacturing Networks

In this paper we use ecology metrics to analyze closed loop manufacturing networks, specifically eco-industrial parks. Eco-industrial parks (EIP) have become a popular manifestation of sustainable initiatives around the world. EIP examples and proposals have met with varying success. We create here three groupings of industrial networks based on the values of cyclicity, a metric used by ecologists to classify the presence and strength of the structural cycling of materials and energy in a system. Ecological food web structures are naturally evolved closed-loop systems and as such exhibit relatively high cyclicity values. Comparing average biological values for cyclicity, among other metrics, to average values for industrial systems we may begin to reach conclusions on the success of the biological inspiration of these structures. The industrial networks have been grouped into industrial systems with cyclicity values of zero, industrial systems with very high cyclicity values which have not moved beyond the proposal stage, and cyclicity values for those industrial networks which have been successful. The results of these comparisons give insight into what structural properties eco-industrial parks should possibly focus on to better imitate the efficient and sustainable cycling representative of biological networks.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Conformational Substates of the Oxyheme Centers in α and β Subunits of Hemoglobin As Disclosed by EPR and ENDOR Studies of Cryoreduced Protein

Exposure of frozen solutions of oxyhemoglobin to γ-irradiation at 77 K yields EPR- and ENDOR-active, one-electron-reduced oxyheme centers which retain the conformation of the diamagnetic precursor. EPR spectra have been collected for the centers produced in human HbO2 and isolated αO2 and βO2 chains, as well as αO2β(Zn), α(Zn)βO2, and αO2β(Fe3+) hybrids, each in frozen buffer and in frozen glasses that form in the presence of glycols and sugars and also in the presence of IHP. These reveal two spectroscopically distinct classes of such ferriheme centers (g1 ≤ 2.25), denoted A and B. Averaged over many similar sites, the A-center has a rhombic EPR signal with a g-tensor, gA = [2.248(4), 2.146(1), 1.966(1)]; the B-center exhibits a less anisotropic EPR signal, gB = [2.216(3), 2.118(2), 1.966(1)]. Early measurement had suggested that, in the cryoreduced HbO2 tetramer, the two centers corresponded to the two different chains [Symons, M. C. R., and Petersen, R. L. (1978) Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. B 201, 285−3...
Optical Absorption by F Centers in Alkali Halides

The integrated optical absorption due to $F$ centers in KCl, KBr, and NaCl has been measured using a modification of Kleinschrod's method which eliminates salt-effect errors. Assuming the validity of the $f$ sum rule, the results are used to obtain experimental values for the local field correction. The Onsager local field gives better agreement with experiment than does the classical expression of Lorentz. To facilitate comparison with other work the results have also been used to compute oscillator strengths using Smakula's equation. The $f$ values are 0.91\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.12, 0.85\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.08, and 0.86\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.05 for KCl, KBr, and NaCl, respectively.
Temperature Scalings and Profiles in Forced Convection Turbulent Boundary Layers

Based on the theory of similarity analysis and the analogy between momentum and energy transport equations, the temperature scalings have been derived for forced convection turbulent boundary layers. These scalings are shown to be able to remove the effects of Reynolds number and the pressure gradient on the temperature profile. Furthermore, using the near-asymptotic method and the scalings from the similarity analysis, a power law solution is obtained for the temperature profile in the overlap region. Subsequently, a composite temperature profile is found by further introducing the functions in the wake region and in the near-the-wall region. The proposed composite temperature profile can describe the entire boundary layer from the wall all the way to the outer edge of the turbulent boundary layer at finite Re number. The experimental data and direct numerical simulation (DNS) data with zero pressure gradient and adverse pressure gradient are used to confirm the accuracy of the scalings and the proposed composite temperature profiles. Comparison with the theoretical profiles by Kader (1981, "Temperature and Concentration Profiles in Fully Turbulent Boundary Layers," Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 24, pp. 1541-1544; 1991, "Heat and Mass Transfer in Pressure-Gradient Boundary Layers," Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 34, pp. 2837-2857) shows that the current theory yields a higher accuracy. The error in the mean temperature profile is within 5% when the present theory is compared to the experimental data. Meanwhile, the Stanton number is calculated using the energy and momentum integral equations and the newly proposed composite temperature profile. The calculated Stanton number is consistent with previous experimental results and the DNS data, and the error of the present prediction is less than 5%. In addition, the growth of the thermal boundary layer is obtained from the theory and the average error is less than 5% for the range of Reynolds numbers between 5 X 105 and 5 X 10 6 when compared with the empirical correlation for the experimental data of isothermal boundary layer conditions.
A genetic map of reovirus I. Correlation of genome RNAs between serotypes 1, 2, and 3

Abstract The double-stranded genome RNAs of recombinants between reovirus serotypes 1, 2, and 3 were examined by polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. Analysis of deletions and replacements in the recombinants allowed construction of a map of the serotypes correlating genome segments providing functions interchangeable between the serotypes. The relative migration rates of segments M1 and M2 of type 3 are reversed between the traditional Tris-acetate-buffered gel system and the Tris-glycine gel system used here. In the Tris-glycine system, the genome segments of serotype 1 correspond to type 3 in order of increasing electrophoretic mobility except for S3 and S4 which are reversed. In serotype 2 all segments except M1 and M2 and S3 and S4 correspond in order of increasing electrophoretic mobility. The migration of these two segment pairs is reversed in type 2 relative to type 3. A map is presented correlating the migration of genome segments of types 1, 2, and 3 in both the Tris-glycine- and the Tris-acetate-buffered systems. The nomenclature of the genome segments is standardized to that which appears in the literature. In addition, these data demonstrate that recombinants arise by physical reassortment of genome segments between parents.
MENTOR: A bayesian model for prediction of mental retardation in newborns

Mental retardation (MR) is a diagnosis that is made with extreme caution because of the many uncertainties in its etiology and prognosis. In fact, most physicians will delay the diagnosis for months or years so that substantial evidence is available to rule the diagnosis in or out. MENTOR is a Bayesian Model for the prediction of MR in newborns that provides probabilities for the full range of cognitive outcomes, ranging from MR to superior intelligence. Using the model to confirm clinical judgment could help physicians decide when to proceed with diagnostic tests. The physician and family could discuss the probabilities for MR, borderline, normal, and superior intelligence, given the child's status in infancy and base their decision about additional testing, in part, on this information.
Synthesis of Blade Flutter Vibratory Patterns Using Stationary Transducers

Flutter frequency was determined and rotor vibratory amplitude and phase distributions during flutter were reconstructed from stationary aerodynamic type measurements. A previously reported optical method for measuring blade-tip displacement during flutter was extended by means of digital analysis. Displacement amplitudes and phase angles were determined based on this method. For selected blades, spectral results were also obtained from strain gage measurements. The results from these three types of measurement were compared and critically evaluated.
‘Intermittent’ solar periodicities

The signal from a stable periodicity can seem to be intermittent when it is partially masked by an unmodelled window function or when the data set is too short to resolve closely spaced periodicities. By taking this into account, short-lived periodicities in solar data can be reinterpreted as evidence for continuously periodic behavior. The periodic sources are located in the solar interior and caused by global oscillation modes. The convective envelope acts as the window for these sources. Recent reports of seven periodicities from 100 to 1000 days are compared with this model. Precise long-term values for the periodicities are predicted and they agree closely with observations. Some elements are suggested that might explain the well-documented 155-day periodicity. Conventional filtering methods to suppress effects of the 11-year cycle are criticized as inadequate.
Respiratory response of turtles (Pseudemys scripta) to changes in arterial blood gas composition

Abstract 1. 1. The response to inspired gas mixtures of O 2 and CO 2 on blood gas composition and respiratory pattern were determined. 2. 2. Inspiring mixtures containing no CO 2 and less than 2 per cent O 2 lowered Pa O 2 and caused hyperventilation and hypocapnia. 3. 3. Mixtures containing no CO 2 and approximately 10 per cent O 2 lowered Pa O 2 , but not as much as with 2 per cent O 2 , and did but change respiratory pattern or Pa CO 2 . 4. 4. Induced hyperoxia depressed respiration. 5. 5. Mixtures containing 10 per cent CO 2 increased Pa CO 2 , stimulated respiration and increased Pa CO 2 . 6. 6. Information was obtained on the respiratory effect of double vagotomy and on the presence of peripheral chemoreceptors. 7. 7. The data support the view that arterial blood gas is regulated within broad limits in the turtle.
Autonomous SHIP-dependent FcγR signaling in pre-B cells leads to inhibition of cell migration and induction of cell death

Mature B cells express a single immunoglobulin Fc receptor, FcγRIIB, that functions to block downstream signaling by co-aggregated antigen receptors. Co-aggregation of receptors is essential because BCR activated kinases must phosphorylate FcγRIIB to recruit SHIP and mediate inhibitory signals. Pre-B cells also express FcγRIIB, but since they do not yet express antigen receptor, it is unclear when they are activated physiologically. Here, we demonstrate that aggregation of the FcR on pre-B cells leads to potent inhibitory signaling. Aggregation of the FcR alone leads to downstream effects including the induction of cell death and the blockade of SDF-1 induced migration. The biochemical circuitry that mediates this response is unique because although SHIP is required for this signaling and is phosphorylated upon receptor aggregation, this occurs in the absence of FcγRIIB phosphorylation. Results indicate that immune complexes may inhibit B cell production in the bone marrow by antigen non-specific mechanisms.
Chronic granulomatous disease presenting in childhood with Pseudomonas cepacia septicaemia

Summary Two children who presented with fever, enlarged liver and spleen and ascites were found to have Pseudomonas cepacia septicaemia which proved fatal despite appropriate antibiotics and maximum supportive care. Chronic granulomatous disease of childhood (CGD) was subsequently diagnosed in both children. The possibility of CGD needs to be considered in any child with unexplained P. cepacia infection.