cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Measurement of the Early Disappearance of Iodinated (I131) Serum Albumin from Circulating Blood by a Continuous Recording Method

A method for continuous recording of flowing arterial blood in humans has demonstrated that injected iodinated (I131) human serum albumin disappears at variable rates from the circulation when losses are calculated from a two hour extrapolation to zero time. Losses from the circulation during the ten minute interval following injection were minimal. The recorded disappearance curve inscribed during the two hour period subsequent to mixing apparently declines as a single exponential function. In the absence of disturbed circulatory states, blood volume calculated from a single ten minute sample agreed with values obtained by extrapolation within the limits of error of counting methods.
Modelling primary production of perennial graminoids 3$̄uniting physiological processes and morphometric traits

Abstract A simulation model of perennial graminoid growth was developed that united morphometric traits with physiological processes: a shoot number submodel simulated vegetative production; a carbon submodel simulated assimilation and allocation; a nitrogen submodel simulated uptake and allocation. Growth of the coexisting shoot populations on a single plant were simulated simultaneously and growth was partitioned into four tissue types, based on morphometric measurements: blade, sheath, stem, and flower. Tissue was classified by age and canopy height, resulting in similar classifications of carbon and nitrogen. The processes of shoot growth, tillering, root growth, photosynthesis, nitrogen uptake, and translocation were interrelated through nitrogen/carbon ratios and plant reserve carbohydrate status. Simulation results indicated how morphology may influence ecological properties and interact with physiology to influence plant fitness. Simulated plant growth based upon the properties of Serengeti, East African graminoids suggested that an increased understanding of both primary production and plant adaptation could result from increased attention to the interactions among: (a) physiological processes; (b) demographic processes associated with populations of shoots on a single plant; and (c) morphometric traits that determine plant form.
GaAs Traveling-Wave Optical Modulator Using A Modulated Coplanar Strip Electrode With Periodic Cross-Tie Overlay

This paper proposes and analyzes a GaAs traveling-wave optical modulator which uses a modulated coplanar strip electrode with periodic cross-tie overlay. This slow-wave structure can be designed to satisfy phase velocity and impedance matching conditions simultaneously. The dominant conductor loss in the slow-wave structure is reduced using the modulated coplanar strip electrode. The calculated 3-dB modulation bandwidth (100 GHz) is much wider than the bandwidth limit (30 GHz) of conventional electrode structures that are limited by phase velocity mismatch.
ASTROMETRIC STUDIES OF ALDEBARAN, ARCTURUS, VEGA, THE HYADES, AND OTHER REGIONS

The results of astrometric studies in the regions of Groombridge 34A, the Hyades, Aldebaran, Ross 47, BD+5° 1668, 81 Cancri, BD+15° 2620, Arcturus, Vega, and Ross 248 are presented. Estimates of the absolute parallax of each star are presented and a mass estimate is present for 81 Cancri. Comments include the discussion of the apparent motions of a few previously suggested planetary systems.
Contact angle, wetting, and adhesion: a critical review

The theory of the contact angle of pure liquids on solids, and of the determination of the surface free energy of solids, γs, is reviewed. The basis for the three components γLW s, γ⊕s, and γ⊖s is developed, and an algebraic expression for these properties in terms of measured contact angles is presented. The inadequacy of the 'two-liquid' methodology (which yields a parameter, 'γp') is demonstrated. Attention is given to contact angle hysteresis and to the film pressure, πe. Some recommendations are made with regard to contact angle measurements. A new treatment of hydrophilicity, and of the scale of hydrophobic/hydrophilic behavior, is proposed. It is shown that there are two kinds of hydrophilic behavior, one due to Lewis basicity (electron-donating or proton-accepting structures) and the other due to Lewis acidity (electron-accepting or proton-donating structures). The properties γ⊖ and γ⊕ are the quantitative measures of these types of behavior and they are structurally independent of each other. A t...
Beyond Butlers: Intelligent Agents as Mentors:

This article discusses pedagogical issues for intelligent agents to successfully serve as mentors for educational purposes. Broader issues about the nature or persona necessary for an intelligent agent as mentor are discussed, incorporating usability and human-computer interaction issues such as the anthropomorphic qualities of the agent and the social relationship between learner and agent. Overall, to be effective for learning, it is argued that there are three main requirements for agents as mentors: 1) regulated intelligence; 2) the existence of a persona; and 3) pedagogical control.
The High Light-Inducible Polypeptides Stabilize Trimeric Photosystem I Complex under High Light Conditions in Synechocystis PCC 6803

The high light-inducible polypeptides (HLIPs) are critical for survival under high light (HL) conditions in Synechocystis PCC 6803. In this article, we determined the localization of all four HLIPs in thylakoid protein complexes and examined effects of hli gene deletion on the photosynthetic protein complexes. The HliA and HliB proteins were found to be associated with trimeric photosystem I (PSI) complexes and the Slr1128 protein, whereas HliC was associated with PsaL and TMP14. The HliD was associated with partially dissociated PSI complexes. The PSI activities of the hli mutants were 3- to 4-fold lower than that of the wild type. The hli single mutants lost more than 30% of the PSI trimers after they were incubated in intermediate HL for 12 h. The reduction of PSI trimers were further augmented in these cells by the increase of light intensity. The quadruple hli deletion mutant contained less than one-half of PSI trimers following 12-h incubation in intermediate HL. It lost essentially all of the PSI trimers upon exposure to HL for 12 h. Furthermore, a mutant lacking both PSI trimers and Slr1128 showed growth defects similar to that of the quadruple hli deletion mutant under different light conditions. These results suggest that the HLIPs stabilize PSI trimers, interact with Slr1128, and protect cells under HL conditions.
Potentiation of chromosome loss induced in the paternal genome by methyl methanesulfonate and procarbazine following matings with repair deficient mei-9a females of Drosophila.

Drosophila melanogaster males carrying a ring-X (Xc2) and a doubly-marked Y chromosome (BSYy+) were treated with methylmethane sulfonate (MMS) and procarbazine, and mated with repair-deficient mei-9a females or ordinary repair-proficient females. Observed (recovered) chromosome loss were scored and nonrecovered inferred. Ring-X loss based on shifts in sex ratio were noted. Results indicate that the mei-9a female is a strong potentiator of chromosome loss induced by MMS and procarbazine in line with the effect recently shown for dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced chromosome lesions (Zimmering, et al 1980.
LINCOMYCIN, A NEW ANTIBIOTIC, IN RESPIRATORY ALLERGY ASSOCIATED WITH INFECTION.

A complex interrelationship has long been known to exist between allergy of the respiratory tract and infection.1,2 Both processes, for example, are characterized by inflammation. Furthermore, respiratory tract infection commonly intensifies and prolongs symptoms of allergic disease. So it follows that measures effective against the former process should at the same time tend to relieve the latter.
Image quality prediction - An aid to the Viking lander imaging investigation on Mars

Two Viking spacecraft scheduled to land on Mars in the summer of 1976 will return multispectral panoramas of the Martian surface with resolutions 4 orders of magnitude higher than have been previously obtained and stereo views with resolutions approaching that of the human eye. Mission constraints and uncertainties require a carefully planned imaging investigation that is supported by a computer model of camera response and surface features to aid in diagnosing camera performance, in establishing a preflight imaging strategy, and in rapidly revising this strategy if pictures returned from Mars reveal unfavorable or unanticipated conditions.
Constructing the habituome for phenotype-driven zebrafish research

Intra-session habituation to novelty reflects spatial working memory (related to exploration and cognition), and is observed in various species, including zebrafish (Danio rerio). With the growing understanding of complex zebrafish behaviors, the extent to which they habituate remains unclear. Here we perform a large-scale characterization of zebrafish novelty-evoked (novel tank and open field) behaviors, to establish their grouping based on intra-session habituation and sensitivity to anxiolytic or anxiogenic manipulations. We also assess multiple behaviors in high- and low-anxiety sub-cohorts of a large heterogeneous zebrafish population, comparing their habituation profiles. Overall, our analyses demonstrate that anxiety responsivity and the ability to habituate show little correlation for multiple zebrafish behaviors, suggesting that they most likely represent distinct behavioral phenomena in novel environments. Using these data, we also present the habituome--a new conceptual approach to study affective and cognitive responses in zebrafish by examining a big set of their habituation phenotypes. Given marked similarity in animal novelty exploration, this approach may also be used to construct habituomes in other model organisms, including rodents and humans.
Validation testing of the SEER real-time digital Holter monitor

Abstract Objectives: Perioperative myocardial ischemia, detected by off-line Holter ST-segment monitoring, has been associated with adverse cardiac outcome. Technical advances in digital signal processing have facilitated development of digital Holter recorders that allow 24- to 48-hour recording, full disclosure storage, and “real-time” quantitative analysis of ST-segment levels. These recorders may be useful for “on-line” clinical detection of perioperative ischemia. However, little data are available, independent of manufacturers' claims, to validate their accuracy. Using a previously validated digital electrocardiogram (ECG) simulator, a commercially available device was evaluated. Design: Laboratory bench study. Setting: Not applicable. Participants: Not applicable. Interventions: Not applicable. Measurements and Main Results: Custom digital ECG waveform templates were programmed for use with a commercially available ECG simulator (M311 ECG simulator; Fogg Systems, Inc, Aurora, CO). For each template, ST-segment morphology (horizontal elevation or depression, downsloping depression), QRS duration (80 v 120 msec) and the presence or absence of a P wave were manipulated, yielding six unique QRS shapes. For each shape, the degree of ST-segment deviation was altered over a wide range. ST-segment values from the simulator (measured at 60 msec after the J point) ranged from +10 to −18 mm. The SEER digital Holter recorder (Marquette Electronics, Milwaukee, WI) was tested. One hundred twenty-six measurements of ST-segment deviation were input to the SEER at each of two testing sessions. The ST-segment value from the recorder in the “noninteractive” analysis mode was obtained, and the two results averaged for comparison with the expected simulator value. Variability of ST-segment measurement over a continuous 1-hour period of simulator input was also assessed. Sixty-seven percent of measurements were within 95% to 100% of expected, whereas 90% were within 90% to 110%. The regression equation for the complete dataset was SEER output (mm) = −0.47 + 1.015 * simulator input, R2 = 0.99. The mean observed-to-expected value ratio was 100% ± 6% (±SD), range 80% to 114%. The mean deviation in millimeters from expected for all measurements was 0.10 ± 0.20 mm, median 0.05 mm, range −0.25 to +0.60 mm. For the 72 measurements obtained by 5-minute sampling over 1 hour of continuous simulator input for each of the six QRS shapes, the mean percent difference between observed and expected values was 0.5% ± 4.5%, median 0.0%, with a mean coefficient of variation of 2.7% (median 1.9%). Conclusions: Using a digital ECG simulator, it was found that the SEER recorder analyzed ST-segment deviation with a high degree of accuracy. These findings, along with its full disclosure reporting capabilities, suggest it may be useful in perioperative risk stratification. However, accuracy in the clinical setting remains to be validated.
Are flexion extension films necessary for cervical spine clearance in patients with neck pain after negative cervical CT scan

Abstract Background There are variations in cervical spine (CS) clearance protocols in neurologically intact blunt trauma patients with negative radiological imaging but persistent neck pain. Current guidelines from the current Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma include options of maintaining the cervical collar or obtaining either magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or flexion-extension films (FEF). We evaluated the utility of FEF in the current era of routine computerized tomography (CT) for imaging the CS in trauma. Materials and methods All neurologically intact, awake, nonintoxicated patients who underwent FEF for persistent neck pain after negative CT scan of the CS at our level I trauma center over a 13-mo period were identified. Their charts were reviewed and demographic data obtained. Results There were 354 patients (58.5% male) with negative cervical CS CT scans who had FEF for residual neck pain. Incidental degenerative changes were seen in 37%—which did not affect their acute management. FEF were positive for possible ligamentous injury in 5 patients (1.4%). Two of these patients had negative magnetic resonance images and the other three had collars removed within 3 wk as the findings were ultimately determined to be degenerative. Conclusions In the current era, where cervical CT has universally supplanted initial plain films, FEF appear to be of little value in the evaluation of persistent neck pain. Their use should be excluded from cervical spine clearance protocols in neurologically intact, awake patients.
Confirmation of the occurrence of Hemidactylus robustus Heyden, 1827 (Reptilia: Gekkonidae) in Iran and Pakistan

Abstract In part because of taxonomic confusion with its congeners, the northeastern extent of the distribution of the gecko Hemidactylus robustus has remained uncertain. Comparison of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences of geckos from Iran and Pakistan with H. robustus from Egypt and the U.A.E. confirms that this species extends at least as far as Sind. The similarity of mitochondrial sequences across great distances suggests a recent, possibly human-mediated, expansion of the species.
A technique to measure cold adaptation in freely behaving mice.

Background Adaptation to environmental temperature is essential for survival in seasonal areas. The mechanisms of adaptation have been studied in vitro, but it has not been quantified in vivo.
Whatever happened to Mary Ellen

It is well recognized that the organized response to child abuse in the United States began with the rescue of a little girl named Mary Ellen from the abuse inflicted upon her by her stepmother. It is often forgotten, however, that Mary Ellen was, indeed, a real child who survived her horrendous start in life and went on to have a meaningful and productive life and raise children of her own.
Trade unions — the forgotten internal communications tool?

Over the last two decades, internal communications has developed considerably as a sub‐discipline of public relations. Some of this growth is due to the desire of managers to bypass trade union influence in the workplace. Additionally, during the 1970s there was considerable dispute in some workplaces about who actually owned the right to communicate with employees. However, recent studies, including one by the author, have shown that good trade union channels are a considerable asset in the communication manager's repertoire. This paper considers some of the evidence for this view, highlights the need to be clear about the purpose of involvement and of participation at work and poses some practical questions for communicators.
Small Toxic Proteins and the Antisense RNAs That Repress Them

Summary: There has been a great expansion in the number of small regulatory RNAs identified in bacteria. Some of these small RNAs repress the synthesis of potentially toxic proteins. Generally the toxin proteins are hydrophobic and less than 60 amino acids in length, and the corresponding antitoxin small RNA genes are antisense to the toxin genes or share long stretches of complementarity with the target mRNAs. Given their short length, only a limited number of these type I toxin-antitoxin loci have been identified, but it is predicted that many remain to be found. Already their characterization has given insights into regulation by small RNAs, has suggested functions for the small toxic proteins at the cell membrane, and has led to practical applications for some of the type I toxin-antitoxin loci.
Twelve tetranucleotide microsatellite loci for westslope cutthroat trout Oncorhynchusclarkilewisi (Salmonidae)

We isolated 12 tetra-nucleotide microsatellite loci from westslope cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchusclarkilewisi). These loci were tested against 58 individuals from a single creek for polymorphism. The number of alleles ranged from 2 to 8, with an average of 4.3. The expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.12 to 0.79, with an average of 0.52. Ten of the twelve loci conformed to Hardy–Weinberg expectations. These microsatellite loci will be useful for describing population structure in westslope cutthroat trout.
Formation and Strength of Magnesia Whiskers

The formation of single-crystal magnesia whiskers during the compressive deformation of single crystals at room temperatures is described. These whiskers can have strengths of the order of millions of pounds per square inch. They are formed during fracture as a result of the discontinuous propagation of cracks which are mechanically relieving internal stresses resulting from plastic flow
Appearance, Stereotype-Incongruent Behavior, and Social Relationships

The relationship of appearance to family and peer relationships was investigated in a sample of delinquent adolescent boys and a matched sample of nondelinquents, controlling for age, IQ, socioeconomic status, and family risk factors. As predicted, the effects of appearance on family relationships varied with the boys’ delinquency status, with more baby faced or more attractive delinquents experiencing more adverse effects and more baby faced or more attractive nondelinquents experiencing more favorable effects. These results were attributed in part to a contrast effect whereby delinquents’ violation of the benign expectations held for baby faced or attractive individuals results in more negative outcomes for those individuals than for their more mature faced or unattractive peers. Consistent with previous research, peer relationships were better for attractive boys, albeit only when they were delinquent. Peer relationships tended to be poorer for baby faced boys regardless of their delinquency status.
On the Arithmetic Means and Variances of Products and Ratios of Random Variables

Frequently occuring functions of random variables, that arise in the area of applied statistics, are the Product and Ratio of pairs of not necessarily independent variates. As is the case in much statistical work, in practice, attempts to understand the underlying processes usually begin with the consideration of the mean and variance. Exact expressions are given for the mean and variance of a ratio of random variables under mildly restrictive conditions. In addition approximation results are obtained which, it is argued, may be of practical use in many of the cases, including normality, where the restrictions are violated.
Selective Foraging on Ants by a Terrestrial Polymorphic Salamander

Abstract Numerous authors have studied the diet of the Eastern Red-backed Salamander (Plethodon cinereus) and have described this species as a generalist predator of invertebrates. In most studies, prey taxa are identified to the family or order level. Additionally, few studies have directly assessed dietary preference by comparing diet to available prey. We chose an important component of the diet of red-backed salamanders (ants) to test whether salamanders altered their diets temporally and to determine if salamanders preyed on a subset of available ant prey. We identified ant species in salamander diets over a 13 mo period. In the fall season we also compared ants in stomach contents to those available in the surrounding leaf litter to determine if territorial residents of P. cinereus selectively forage on different ant species. We found significant temporal differences in ant species incorporated in the diet of P. cinereus that were consistent with our detailed examination of salamander ant preference...
Aerodynamic Interference of a Large and a Small Aircraft.

The influence of wake from a leading aircraft, Boeing 757, on a following aircraft, Cessna 750 Citation X, is investigated using the unsteady vortex lattice method. The effect of the wakes from both wings and each other is considered and the new position of the wakes from both aircraft calculated. As the midspan of the Cessna wing approaches the Boeing 757 trailing vortex core, the roll moment increases to its maximum value. Strong changes appear in aerodynamic loads of the Cessna as it moves near the Boeing 757’s wake. Rapid change occurs as the Cessna moves in transverse or vertical directions near the Boeing’s wake. The unsteady aerodynamic loads on wings moving along different paths are calculated. The Boeing 757’s wake strongly affects the aerodynamic loads and the wake of the Cessna. Also included in the present results are numerical simulations of wakes and velocity vectors in the Trefftz plane detailing the influence of the wake from the leading aircraft, the Boeing 757.
Important residue (G46) in erythroid spectrin tetramer formation

Spectrin tetramerization is important for the erythrocyte to maintain its unique shape, elasticity and deformability. We used recombinant model proteins to show the importance of one residue (G46) in the erythroid α-spectrin junction region that affects spectrin tetramer formation. The G46 residue in the erythroid spectrin N-terminal junction region is the only residue that differs from that in non-erythroid spectrin. The corresponding residue is R37. We believe that this difference may be, at least in part, responsible for the 15-fold difference in the equilibrium constants of erythroid and non-erythroid tetramer formation. In this study, we replaced the Gly residue with Ala, Arg or Glu residues in an erythroid α-spectrin model protein to give G46A, G46R or G46E, respectively. We found that their association affinities with a β-spectrin model protein were quite different from each other. G46R exhibited a 10-fold increase and G46E exhibited a 16-fold decrease, whereas G46A showed little difference, when compared with the wild type. The thermal and urea denaturation experiments showed insignificant structural change in G46R. Thus, the differences in affinity were due to differences in local, specific interactions, rather than conformational differences in these variants. An intra-helical salt bridge in G46R may stabilize the partial domain single helix in α-spectrin, Helix C’, to allow a more stable helical bundling in the αβ complex in spectrin tetramers. These results not only showed the importance of residue G46 in erythroid α-spectrin, but also provided insights toward the differences in association affinity between erythroid and non-erythroid spectrin to form spectrin tetramers.
High-cycle fatigue of single-crystal silicon thin films

When subjected to alternating stresses, most materials degrade, e.g., suffer premature failure, due to a phenomenon known as fatigue. It is generally accepted that in brittle materials, such as ceramics, fatigue can only take place in toughened solids, i.e., premature fatigue failure would not be expected in materials such as single crystal silicon. The results of this study, however, appear to be at odds with the current understanding of brittle material fatigue. Twelve thin-film (/spl sim/20 /spl mu/m thick) single crystal silicon specimens were tested to failure in a controlled air environment (30/spl plusmn/0.1/spl deg/C, 50/spl plusmn/2% relative humidity). Damage accumulation and failure of the notched cantilever beams were monitored electrically during the "fatigue life" test. Specimen lives ranged from about 10 s to 48 days, or 1/spl times/106 to 1/spl times/1011 cycles before failure over stress amplitudes ranging from approximately 4 to 10 GPa. A variety of mechanisms are discussed in light of the fatigue life data and fracture surface evaluation.
Systemic Immune-Based Rheumatic Diseases: Blissless States of BLySfulness

B lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS) is a vital B-cell survival and differentiation factor. Overexpression of BLyS in mice can lead to clinical and serological features of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and Sjogren’s syndrome (SS). Treatment with BLyS antagonists of mice with established SLE ameliorates disease progression and enhances survival. Moreover, similar treatment of mice with inflammatory arthritis ameliorates the ongoing inflammation and subsequent joint destruction. In humans, BLyS overexpression is common in patients with several systemic immune-based rheumatic diseases (SIRDs), including SLE, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), SS, scleroderma, dermatomyositis, ANCA-associated vasculitis, and mixed cryoglobulinemia. Phase-I and phase-II clinical trials with BLyS antagonists in SLE and RA have documented in vivo biological activities along with favorable safety profiles for these agents and have pointed to beneficial effects in subsets of patients. These features collectively point to BLyS as an attractive therapeutic target in human SIRDs.
Electric Sector Models

Analysis of investment decisions in the electric sector is a subject with a long history of scholarship, with a rich literature, and extensive applications in practice. Many complex mathematical models are used by electric utilities for planning purposes, some of which, such as the WASP model, have found application in a number of developing countries.1 But given the existence of a number of excellent literature reviews, such as that of Anderson (1972), we shall not attempt to provide any detailed review here. Rather, the emphasis will be on an elaboration of the fundamental concepts involved, and an exposition of modelling approaches that lend themselves to integration with other energy sectors, or to integration with energy system-wide and economy-wide models. Thus, while many of the finer points of reliability analysis, and transmission line planning, are not taken up in any great detail here, we pay a great deal of attention to the interaction between investment requirements in the electric sector to investment flows throughout the economy — a subject taken up in some detail in Chapter 10.2 In this chapter, then, we develop the fundamental concepts; the linearization of load duration curves, formulation of the investment decision as a mathematical programming problem, the complications arising from the addition of a spatial dimension, and some environmental considerations.
Lochner, Liberty, Property, and Human Rights

This article recognizes that Lochner is justly criticized for protecting the property and contract claims of the strong against the weak. But it can be seen as part of a continuum of protection for a general concept of liberty that flowed from English concepts into today’s cases dealing with personal autonomy. After elaborating the basic themes in Part I, Part II traces the history of the general concept of liberty and makes an admittedly speculative claim: Perhaps the disruption of the Lochner era was in part attributable to the crabbed view of liberty that prevailed in the first interpretations of the post-Civil War Amendments. If the Supreme Court in the Slaughter-House Cases had recognized the right of occupation claimed by the New Orleans butchers as part of the liberty protected by due process, then the reformers of the late 19th and early 20th Centuries would have been on notice that economic rights existed. In return, the Court might have felt less pressure to lash out against economic-social reforms like wage and hour legislation. This claim only notes the relationship between the so-called economic and personal rights of due process liberty.Part III then attempts to link these Anglo-American developments to international human rights. The general concept of liberty that has emerged victorious in Anglo-American law allows courts to consciously balance majority and minority interests. It can help moderate conflicting claims of right. Finally, it can help breathe content into some of the economic rights of international covenants such as the rights of education and medical care. As an element of liberty, these rights cannot support a specific allocation of resources, but could support enforceable claims to protection of economic rights against action by third parties.
The influence of caffeine on the sensory organization test.

Background Clinicians often request that patients refrain from consuming caffeinated beverages 24 h before vestibular function testing. However, there is limited research regarding how caffeine may affect the results of these tests. The sensory organization test (SOT) evaluates how well an individual is able to maintain his or her balance during several different conditions that manipulate vestibular, visual, or somatosensory information. Purpose This study evaluated whether caffeine consumption affects the results of the SOT in a group of healthy young adults. Research design Individuals were evaluated under two conditions: (1) after consuming ∼300 mg of caffeine before testing, and (2) without consuming a caffeinated beverage for 24 h before testing. Regular caffeine intake and caffeine withdrawal symptoms were assessed in these individuals. Participants were stratified into a no/low or a moderate/high caffeine intake group through the use of a self-reported 1-week caffeine diary. Study sample Thirty healthy control participants (mean age = 23.28 yr; males = 9) without any history of vestibular or balance impairment participated in the present study. Data collection/analysis The NeuroCom SMART Equitest was used to administer the SOT, whereas paired t-tests, completed with IBM SPSS Statistics 20, were used to analyze the data for statistical significance. Results Analysis of the data revealed a statistically significant difference between the caffeine and no-caffeine sessions during (1) condition 5 (C5): eyes closed, platform sway-referenced; and (2) the total composite score. Statistically significant differences were also noted for the vestibular and somatosensory preference ratios. In general, the participants performed better (i.e., higher equilibrium/composite scores) during the caffeine session. When significant results were found, the participants were stratified by weekly caffeine intake into a no/low caffeine (LC) intake group versus a moderate/high caffeine (HC) intake group. After this stratification, a statistically significant difference remained for C5, the composite score, and the somatosensory/vestibular preference ratios for the LC intake group, whereas no statistically significant results were found in the HC intake group. In addition, further analysis revealed less of a change in the equilibrium score as the amount of weekly caffeine intake increased. Despite these significant results, the mean differences were small in magnitude, and C5, the composite score, as well as the sensory analysis ratios, fell within normal limits for all participants during both sessions. Conclusions The ingestion of caffeine did not produce a clinically significant effect in healthy young control participants. Future research is needed to determine if these same results occur in older adults, or in individuals with a history of vestibular impairment.
HESPERONEMASTOMA SMILAX, N. SP., A REMARKABLE NEW HARVESTMAN FROM A CAVE IN WEST VIRGINIA, WITH COMMENTS ON OTHER REPORTED CAVE-DWELLING HESPERONEMASTOMA SPECIES (OPILIONES, ISCHYROPSALIDOIDEA, SABACONIDAE)

Hesperonemastoma smilax, n. sp., is a minute, highly troglomorphic harvestman described herein from a single male specimen collected in McClung's Cave, Greenbrier County, West Virginia. Hesperonemastoma species described previously from caves are briefly discussed. H. packardi (Roewer), first collected in a shallow cave in Utah, is a widely distributed surface-dwelling species found mostly in riparian canyon habitats in northern Utah; it shows no troglomorphic adaptations. Hesperonemastoma inops (Packard), described from a cave in Kentucky, is not a species of Hesperonemastoma, but most likely a juvenile of Sabacon cavicolens (Packard), which was described from the same small cave. Hesperonemastoma pallidimaculosum (Goodnight and Goodnight) is a moderately adapted troglobiont known from two caves in Alabama.
Design of an Integrated Mars Communication, Navigation and Sensing System

Modem navigation extensively utilizes the Global Positioning System, satellite networks are incorporated into the global communications network, and sensing systems continuously watch over and survey the Earth. On an undeveloped planet like Mars, similar technology would permit efficient and safe human and robotic exploration while providing a foundation for future colonization. A communications system would provide links between ground vehicles, orbital spacecraft and Earth. Full coverage of Mars could be satisfied by a few satellites in high altitude orbits. A global positioning system enables ground, atmospheric and orbital navigation, and effortless surface mapping. For accurate positioning, however, many satellites must be in sight at once. These conflicting requirements provide a challenging design problem. This study considers an integrated system architecture to meet a given set of requirements which will support human and robotic exploration of Mars. While the total system mass is at least 40,000 kg, but usually not more than 140,000 in exceptional cases, future studies should reduce this number with minimal loss of pet-for-mace. Overall, the MCNSS system provides robust, continuous capability and will be a significant factor in the successful exploration of Mars.
The Vatican War on Nuns

The Vatican has waged a war on nuns who have followed the dictates of Vatican II. The war has centered on clothing as a symbol of what the male dominated Vatican thinks of as acceptable feminine behavior.It should be no revelation to note that men have used dress as a means for asserting their dominance over women. Dress has symbolized women’s place in society perhaps as long as there has been society. In general, of course, one’s manner of dress symbolizes and advertises social position. However, I mean more than merely class or status here when I speak of masculine assertion of dominance over women. I mean the assertion of power, the right to that power, and as part of that right the innate privilege of exercising choice regarding what should be done in society. As part of that right, standards of purity and modesty hold a superior and integral place.
Numerical Simulation of Gas Quenching Process of Workpiece

Gas quenching process of workpieccs was simulated by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. A transient three-dimensional model of vacuum high-pressure gas-quenching furnace was established on the FLUENT platform to simulate the flow field in the furnace and the temperature distribution in the workpieces. The effects of gas type, gas pressure and gas velocity in the quenching process of the unitary cylinder-shaped workpiece on cooling velocity were simulated. The quenching process of multiple workpiece was also simulated, and cooling curves of workpieces at different locations in the furnace were predicted. The simulated results were compared with the experimental ones, and a good agreement is obtained. It provides theoretical base for the optimization of gas quenching technology.
Veterinary public health in world-wide animal health and production.

Summary: The first section of this paper presents a concise analysis of the current world situation in animal health, zoonoses, food production and hygiene and Veterinary Services. The second section discusses future perspectives for healthy animal production in relation to veterinary public health problems. The coming decades will be crucial for the future of Veterinary Services. The protection of human health and the improvement of food production through animal health will continue to be the priorities of these services. Scientific and technological developments and the many associated changes in human living conditions and needs, as well as in animal production, call for a general revision of veterinary philosophy, strategy and programmes. In this context, it is recommended that efforts be made to significantly strengthen activities aimed at protecting human health against diseases of animal origin.
Time course of peri-implant bone regeneration around loaded and unloaded implants in a rat model.

The time-course of cancellous bone regeneration surrounding mechanically loaded implants affects implant fixation, and is relevant to determining optimal rehabilitation protocols following orthopaedic surgeries. We investigated the influence of controlled mechanical loading of titanium-coated polyether-ether ketone (PEEK) implants on osseointegration using time-lapsed, non-invasive, in vivo micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) scans. Implants were inserted into proximal tibial metaphyses of both limbs of eight female Sprague-Dawley rats. External cyclic loading (60 or 100 μm displacement, 1 Hz, 60 s) was applied every other day for 14 days to one implant in each rat, while implants in contralateral limbs served as the unloaded controls. Hind limbs were imaged with high-resolution micro-CT (12.5 μm voxel size) at 2, 5, 9, and 12 days post-surgery. Trabecular changes over time were detected by 3D image registration allowing for measurements of bone-formation rate (BFR) and bone-resorption rate (BRR). At day 9, mean %BV/TV for loaded and unloaded limbs were 35.5 ± 10.0% and 37.2 ± 10.0%, respectively, and demonstrated significant increases in bone volume compared to day 2. BRR increased significantly after day 9. No significant differences between bone volumes, BFR, and BRR were detected due to implant loading. Although not reaching significance (p = 0.16), an average 119% increase in pull-out strength was measured in the loaded implants. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:997-1006, 2017.
On certain optimization problems related to matrix norms

In this paper, first, we show that the following optimization problem always has an optimal solution which does not depend on the matrix norm, and give a sufficient condition for the uniqueness of optimal solutions:(Section.Display) where is any unitarily invariant norm, , and or . Then, we characterize the optimal solutions and also give sufficient conditions for the uniqueness and the rank-one property of optimal solutions for the following optimization problem:(Section.Display) where ,is the inner product of matrices;, , , and ’s, are different arbitrary norms.
TSMOs and Protest Participation

Transnational social movements organizations (TSMOs) have grown at a remarkable rate since the 1950s, which has given protest politics a decidedly international character. In the 1990s, TSMOs shift...
Understanding cancer from the stem cells up

A new study that uses an integrated single-cell transcriptomics approach to characterize cancer stem cell populations during treatment with molecularly targeted therapies offers insights into disease evolution and points to new therapeutic targets.
The formal relationship between direct and continuation-passing style optimizing compilers: a synthesis of two paradigms

Compilers for higher-order programming languages like Scheme, ML, and Lisp can be broadly characterized as either "direct compilers" or "continuation-passing style (CPS) compilers", depending on their main intermediate representation. Our central result is a precise correspondence between the two compilation strategies. Starting from the theoretical foundations of direct and CPS compilers, we develop relationships between the main components of each compilation strategy: generation of the intermediate representation, simplification of the intermediate representation, code generation, and data flow analysis. For each component, our results pinpoint the superior compilation strategy, the reason for which it dominates the other strategy, and ways to improve the inferior strategy. Furthermore, our work suggests a synthesis of the direct and CPS compilation strategies that combines the best aspects of each. The contributions of this thesis include a comprehensive analysis of the properties of the CPS intermediate representation, a new optimal CPS transformation and its inverse, a new intermediate representation for direct compilers, an equivalence between the canonical equational theories for reasoning about continuations and general computational effects, a sound and complete equational axiomatization of the semantics of call-by-value control operators, a methodology for deriving equational logics for imperative languages, and formal relationships between code generators and data flow analyzers for direct and CPS compilers. These contributions unify concepts in two distinct compilation strategies, and can be used to compare specific compilers.
Loss of Paneth Cell Autophagy Causes Acute Susceptibility to Toxoplasma gondii-Mediated Inflammation

The protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii triggers severe small intestinal immunopathology characterized by IFN-γ- and intestinal microbiota-mediated inflammation, Paneth cell loss, and bacterial dysbiosis. Paneth cells are a prominent secretory epithelial cell type that resides at the base of intestinal crypts and releases antimicrobial peptides. We demonstrate that the microbiota triggers basal Paneth cell-specific autophagy via induction of IFN-γ, a known trigger of autophagy, to maintain intestinal homeostasis. Deletion of the autophagy protein Atg5 specifically in Paneth cells results in exaggerated intestinal inflammation characterized by complete destruction of the intestinal crypts resembling that seen in pan-epithelial Atg5-deficient mice. Additionally, lack of functional autophagy in Paneth cells within intestinal organoids and T. gondii-infected mice causes increased sensitivity to the proinflammatory cytokine TNF along with increased intestinal permeability, leading to exaggerated microbiota- and IFN-γ-dependent intestinal immunopathology. Thus, Atg5 expression in Paneth cells is essential for tissue protection against cytokine-mediated immunopathology during acute gastrointestinal infection.
Ph1-negative chronic granulocytic leukemia: a nonentity

Clinical, hematologic, and prognostic differences between Philadelphia chromosome (Ph1)-positive and Ph1-negative chronic granulocytic leukemia (CGL) have been described. However, Ph1-negative disease may be a mixture of other entities. The authors identified 24 patients given the diagnosis of Ph1-negative CGL after evaluation by the Hematology Department of the Mayo Clinic between January 1976 and August 1984. Each patient was Ph1-negative, and a bone marrow examination was interpreted as CGL. Initial peripheral blood and bone marrow samples were available for review in 22 patients. Their disorders were reclassified as chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (13 patients), chronic myelomonocytic leukemia in transformation (1 patient), preleukemic syndrome (3 patients), and undifferentiated chronic myeloproliferative disease (5 patients). Median survival for the 22 patients was 17 months.
The geometry of mean or covariance structure models in multivariate normal distributions: A unified approach

The geometric properties of mean structures of the regression model, and covariance structures of the covariance structure model, are reviewed in the light of Bates and Watts and Amari's work. Some extensions are given, namely in the context of multivariate observations for the regression model. The covariance structure model is treated in the context of the exponential family of distributions and an application to the intraclass correlation model is given. The bias of the maximum likelihood estimators of the correlation coefficient and the variance as well as the mean square error of the bias corrected estimators are derived in a closed form.
Pemban People: Local Ceramics and Changing Identities

This chapter examines locally produced ceramics on nineteenth-century clove plantations, analyzing how we might examine these as an artifact of modernity. Locally produced ceramics on Zanzibari clove plantations provide an interesting study because, despite widespread social change and the arrival of massive numbers of immigrants, the style of these wares remains remarkably stable from the eighteenth century through to the present day. This chapter argues that this conservatism in production is actually indicative of the manner in which immigrants were able to incorporate themselves into Zanzibari society. Drawing on oral historical evidence to interpret the archaeological data, it discusses the way in which pottery manufacturers, usually women working on a relatively small scale, may have been part of communities of practice. The ability to apprentice immigrant women into the skill of making Zanzibari wares may have been one way in which immigrants made themselves into integral members of coastal society. As ceramics are also an important part of foodways, this chapter argues that this shift was not only linked to production; the use of these specific coastal forms and designs was also a way in which newcomers were able to signal their cultural incorporation into local norms. Food was central to this transformation, as was discussed by several elderly residents of Pemba in oral historical interviews.
Difficult-to-Treat Resistance in Gram-negative Bacteremia at 173 US Hospitals: Retrospective Cohort Analysis of Prevalence, Predictors, and Outcome of Resistance to All First-line Agents.

Background Resistance to all first-line antibiotics necessitates the use of less effective or more toxic “reserve” agents. Gram-negative bloodstream infections (GNBSIs) harboring such difficult-to-treat resistance (DTR) may have higher mortality than phenotypes that allow for ≥1 active first-line antibiotic.
“Feminist Leanings:” Tracing Technofeminist and Intersectional Practices and Values in Three Decades of Computers and Composition

Abstract This article employs qualitative coding methods to trace ebbs and flows of technofeminist and intersectional values and practices in almost three decades of scholarship in Computers and Composition (CC 2) foregrounding these frameworks in our classrooms and pedagogies; and 3) considering how technofeminist and intersectional practices inform emerging research in areas such as posthumanism, object-oriented ontology, rhetorical code studies, algorithmic rhetorics, and game theory.