cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Two generalized complex orthogonal space-time block codes of rates 7/11 and 3/5 for five and six transmit antennas

Space-time codes from orthogonal designs have two advantages, namely, fast maximum-likelihood (ML) decoding and full diversity. Rate 1 real (PAM) space-time codes (real orthogonal designs) for any transmit antennas have been constructed from the real Hurwitz-Radon families, which also provides the rate 1/2 complex (QAM) space-time codes (complex orthogonal designs) for any number of transmit antennas. Rate 3/4 complex orthogonal designs (space-time codes)for 3 and 4 transmit antennas have existed in the literature but no high rate (>Â») complex orthogonal designs for other numbers of transmit antennas exists. In this correspondence, we present rate 7/11 and rate 3/5 generalized complex orthogonal designs for 5 and 6 transmit antennas, respectively.© (2001) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Editorial: advances in neonatology.

It is with pleasure I like to introduce the readers of this journal to the forthcoming series of articles under the title of “Advance in Neonatology”. The mission of this journal always has been to keep the readers abreast of scientific advances and translation of medical research in pediatrics into practice guidelines. The specialty of Neonatology is a fast advancing specialty. In trying to keep up with advances we always seek papers from experts in the field from around the globe. Dr. Verma, the Chief Editor has been kind to invite me to take the lead of formulating the theme of the issues on “Advances in Neonatology”. I have in my earnest pursuit identified topics of interest to practitioners and reached out to experts in the respective special fields of Neonatology. It has not been an easy task, for the topics of interest are many and advances likewise are numerous. We have chosen topics of practical importance and the authors of repute in their field. In spite of constraints of time the authors have given their precious time to this project so that readers will be benefited with the most current information. In this issue we publish first four of the series. These articles deal with the current recommendations of antenatal and postnatal steroids, a topic of great interest to both obstetricians and neonatologists. Bartholomew and Papageorgiou with their vast experience over the last three decades provide valuable guidelines for antenatal use of steroids in mothers at risk of delivering premature babies. They also discuss the use of postnatal steroids in infants with the potential of developing chronic lung disease, a subject of great interest in the neonatal circles [1]. Kumar and colleagues, experts in training neonatal resuscitation program (NRP), deal with history of NRP and most importantly tell us how the recommendations of every step of intervention in NRP are based on evidence not on opinions. They also show that the guidelines of NRP, which are almost used universally, are the work of multinational experts. Also the development of NRP is “Work in Progress”, meaning they are constantly subject to change based on “new evidence” [2]. Here the readers have the opportunity to identify “gaps in knowledge” of NRP and design studies to explore for the new answers. Murki and colleagues discuss the use of CPAP and surfactant in the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). They present the evidence that early CPAP in level II NICU and in developing, resource poor countries may be a better first choice to using surfactant therapy [3]. Kasivajjula and Maheshwari review the pathophysiology and treatment options for managing necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), a continuing problem in the NICU all over the world [4]. We hope the readers will find the information contained in this issue and subsequent issues very useful. I thank the authors and the editorial staff for their help in making the project possible.
Engineering design is a computable function

Computational abstraction of engineering design leads to an elegant theory defining (1) the process of design as an abstract model of computability, the Turing machine; (2) the artifacts of design as enumerated strings from a (possibly multidimensional) grammar; and (3) design specifications or constraints as formal state changes that govern string enumeration. Using this theory, it is shown that engineering design is a computable function. A computational methodology based on the theory is then developed that can be described as a form follows function design paradigm.
Adjoint functors and derived functors with an application to the cohomology of semigroups

In the first section of this paper we prove that, under a suitable adjointness assumption, the derived functors of certain functors on Abelian categories are equal. This theorem implies a number of results in homology theory, including the “mapping theorem” of Cartan-Eilenberg ([I], p. 150). Our main application of this theorem, given in the second section of this paper, is to show that the cohomology groups (with arbitrary coefficients) of many semigroups are isomorphic to the corresponding cohomology groups of often much smaller submonoids. This fact is used to generalize certain results
Brucella TIR Domain-containing Protein Mimics Properties of the Toll-like Receptor Adaptor Protein TIRAP

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play essential roles in the activation of innate immune responses against microbial infections. TLRs and downstream adaptor molecules contain a conserved cytoplasmic TIR domain. TIRAP is a TIR domain-containing adaptor protein that recruits the signaling adaptor MyD88 to a subset of TLRs. Many pathogenic microorganisms subvert TLR signaling pathways to suppress host immune responses to benefit their survival and persistence. Brucella encodes a TIR domain-containing protein (TcpB) that inhibits TLR2- and TLR4-mediated NF-κB activation. Sequence analysis indicated a moderate level of similarity between TcpB and the TLR adaptor molecule TIRAP. We found that TcpB could efficiently block TIRAP-induced NF-κB activation. Subsequent studies revealed that by analogy to TIRAP, TcpB interacts with phosphoinositides through its N-terminal domain and colocalizes with the plasma membrane and components of the cytoskeleton. Our findings suggest that TcpB targets the TIRAP-mediated pathway to subvert TLR signaling. In vivo mouse studies indicated that TcpB-deficient Brucella is defective in systemic spread at the early stages of infection.
Political Participation of Women of Color: An Intersectional Analysis

This article develops the hypothesis that participation in American politics of minority women differs from political participation of white women. I propose that individuals with multiple subordinate group identities, namely, racial and ethnic minority women, will experience differences in political mobilization and interest in politics and demonstrate different participatory styles than white women do. On the basis of their identity in racial/ethnic identity groups, minority women operate as both racial/ethnic minorities and women in the American polity. As such, the analysis models intersectionality to account for historical narratives, cultural representations, and legal discrimination to show how both race/ethnicity and gender operate in tandem to influence how minority women participate in American politics.
System architecture support for green enterprise computing

This paper proposes a novel system for enterprise computing that reduces energy consumption without sacrificing performance or putting devices to sleep. It uses a hybrid architecture composed of multiple device classes and it runs an application in the most energy-efficient location. Our prototype, called Any-ware, provides desktop-class performance while reducing energy consumption by 75% through a combination of lightweight clients and a small number of servers. Providing such an elastic system invisibly to end users requires solving many challenges, including deciding where to run applications while simultaneously making it appear they all run locally. Anyware's hybrid design suggests a new way to think about using the modern spectrum of personal computing devices.
Transcriptional Competition and Homeosis in Drosophila

Interference between different classes of RNA polymerase II alleles causes a mutant phenotype called the “Ubx effect” that resembles one seen in flies haploinsufficient for the transcription factor,Ultrabithorax (Ubx). Flies carrying the mutation in the largest subunit ofDrosophila RNA polymerase II,RpII215 4, display the Ubx effect when heterozygous as inRpII215 4/+ but not when homozygous mutant or wild type. In this report we demonstrate that the interaction between alleles in different classes of polymerase occurs even in the absence of transcription by the wild-type polymerase. We utilized the resistance to the transcriptional inhibitor α-amanitin conferred byRpII215 4 to show thatRpII215 4/+ flies raised on α-amanitin-containing food still show the Ubx effect and are indistinguishable from flies raised on normal food. We demonstrate using HPLC that the intracellular concentration of α-amanitin in the developing larvae is sufficient to inhibit transcription by α-amanitin-sensitive polymerase. Furthermore, fluorescein-labeled α-amanitin accumulates in imaginal discs, which are the precursor cells for the tissue showing the homeotic transformation in adults. We conclude that the interaction between different classes of RNA polymerase II alleles resulting in the Ubx effect occurs prior to the block in transcription caused by α-amanitin.
Selected temporal parameters of coordination associated with stuttering in children

Abstract The purpose of this investigation was to describe specific temporal parameters of coordination—onsets and sequencing of muscle activity and structural movement—associated with five young stutterers' stuttered ( N = 96) and five normally fluent children's fluent ( N = 96) speech productions. Simultaneous recordings of physiological events in the three major components of the speech production system (respiratory, laryngeal, and supralaryngeal) were made using noninvasive, minimally intrusive instrumentation. Measurements of onsets, offsets, and durations of respiratory and laryngeal movements and supralaryngeal muscle activity permitted objective assessment of coordination within a particular component of the speech production system (e.g., onset of lower lip closing relative to lower lip opening muscle activity) and between different components of the speech production system (e.g., onset of rib cage deflation relative to onset of vocal fold contact). Results indicated that, during stuttering, the absolute mean onsets of young stutterers' various speech production events were typically earlier than those during normals' fluent utterances; however, the relative temporal sequence of these same events during stutterings was comparable to that associated with normally fluent children's fluent productions. These findings suggest that young stutterers are grossly within normal limits with regard to selected temporal aspects of coordination for speech production, a finding in contrast to previous reports of adult stutterers' apparent difficulties in coordinating multiple components for speech production.
Inactivation of P2X2 purinoceptors by divalent cations

1. P2X2 channels are activated by extracellular ATP. Despite being commonly described as non-desensitizing, P2X2 receptors do desensitize or inactivate. In the unspliced, 472 amino acid isoform of the P2X2 receptor, inactivation required membrane disruption and the presence of extracellular Ca2+. 2. The ability to inactivate whole-cell currents developed slowly after breaking in. In contrast, currents from excised patches exhibited rapid (approximately 100 ms) inactivation with a dependence on extracellular Ca2+, ATP and voltage. 3. The inactivation rate increased with the fourth power of [Ca2+] suggesting that the functional channel may be a tetramer. Ca2+ had both a higher affinity and a larger Hill coefficient for inactivation than Mg2+, Ba2+ or Mn2+. Trivalent cations at concentrations up to the solubility product of ATP had no effect. The change in apparent co-operativity with ionic species suggests the presence of experimentally unresolved ligand-insensitive kinetic steps. 4. Based on the weak voltage dependence of inactivation and the lack of effect of intracellular Ca2+ buffers, the Ca2+-binding sites are probably located near the extracellular surface of the membrane. 5. The recovery from inactivation was slow, with a time constant of approximately 7 min. 6. Ca2+-sensitive inactivation only appeared when the membrane was disrupted in some manner. Treatment with actin and microtubule reagents did not induce inactivation, suggesting that an intact cytoskeleton is not necessary. 7. Inactivation rates observed in different patch configurations suggest that the induction of Ca2+-dependent inactivation was due to the loss of a diffusible cofactor located in the membrane or the cytoplasm.
Terahertz circular dichroism spectroscopy of biomolecules

ABSTRACT Biopolymers such as proteins, DNA and RNA fold into large, macromolecular chiral structures. As charged macromolecules, they absorb strongly in the terahertz due to large-scale collective vibrational modes; as chiral objects, this absorption should be coupled with significant circular dichroism. Terahertz circular dichroism (TCD) is potentially important as a biospecific sensor, unobscured by spectral featur es related to abiological material. We have constructed atomistic simulations and elastic continuum models of TCD. These models estimate the magnitude of the TCD and the relation between TCD spectroscopic signatures (zero crossings) and the structure, charge distribution and mechanical properties of biomaterials. A broad band TCD spectrometer based on a polarizing interferometer is developed to explore TCD in biomolecules in aqueous solution. Preliminary results on TCD in lysozyme in water at several terahertz frequencies is presented. Keywords: proteins, collective vibrational modes, sub-millimeter, Far-IR, terahertz, circular dichroism, chiral molecule
Growing Young Musicians: Ways Music Educators Can Reach Their Littlest Learners and Those Who Care for Them

This article suggests ways early childhood music educators can help parents bring more meaningful music activities into their homes. Suggestions are based on survey results from 50 parents with you...
Annexin VI-mediated Loss of Spectrin during Coated Pit Budding Is Coupled to Delivery of LDL to Lysosomes

Previously we reported that annexin VI is required for the budding of clathrin-coated pits from human fibroblast plasma membranes in vitro. Here we show that annexin VI bound to the NH2-terminal 28-kD portion of membrane spectrin is as effective as cytosolic annexin VI in supporting coated pit budding. Annexin VI-dependent budding is accompanied by the loss of approximately 50% of the spectrin from the membrane and is blocked by the cysteine protease inhibitor N-acetyl-leucyl-leucyl-norleucinal (ALLN). Incubation of fibroblasts in the presence of ALLN initially blocks the uptake of low density lipoprotein (LDL), but the cells recover after 1 h and internalize LDL with normal kinetics. The LDL internalized under these conditions, however, fails to migrate to the center of the cell and is not degraded. ALLN-treated cells have twice as many coated pits and twofold more membrane clathrin, suggesting that new coated pits have assembled. Annexin VI is not required for the budding of these new coated pits and ALLN does not inhibit. Finally, microinjection of a truncated annexin VI that inhibits budding in vitro has the same effect on LDL internalization as ALLN. These findings suggest that fibroblasts are able to make at least two types of coated pits, one of which requires the annexin VI-dependent activation of a cysteine protease to disconnect the clathrin lattice from the spectrin membrane cytoskeleton during the final stages of budding.
Objective Assessment of Vocal Hyperfunction: An Experimental Framework and Initial Results

This report describes the experimental design and initial results of an ongoing clinical investigation of voice disorders. Its major focus is the development and use of quantitative measures to provide objective descriptions of conditions referred to as "vocal hyperfunction." The experimental design for this project is based on a descriptive theoretical framework, which holds that there are different types and stages of hyperfunctionally related voice disorders. Data consist of indirect measures derived from noninvasive aerodynamic and acoustic recordings including (a) parameters derived from inverse filtered approximations of the glottal air flow waveform; (b) estimates of transglottal pressure, average glottal air flow, glottal resistance and vocal efficiency; and (c) measures of vocal intensity and fundamental frequency. Initial results (based on comparisons among 15 voice patients and 45 normal speakers) support major assumptions that underlie the theoretical framework, and indicate that the measurement approach being utilized is capable of differentiating hyperfunctional from normal voices and hyperfunctional conditions from one another. Organic manifestations of vocal hyperfunction (nodules, polyps, contact ulcers) are accompanied by abnormally high values for the glottal waveform parameters of AC flow and maximum flow declination rate, suggesting increased potential for vocal fold trauma due to high vocal fold closure velocities and collision forces. In contrast, nonorganic manifestations of hyperfunction (functional disorders) tend to be associated with abnormally high levels of unmodulated DC flow, without high values for AC flow and maximum flow declination rate, suggesting reduced potential for vocal fold trauma. Measures also suggest different underlying mechanisms for nodules and polyps as compared to contact ulcers. Results are discussed relative to predictions based on the theoretical framework for vocal hyperfunction.
Are Forensic Science Services Club Goods? An Analysis of the Optimal Forensic Science Service Delivery Model

Abstract Forensic science has been described as a public good by practitioners, legal professionals, and scholars, many of whom were suggesting that forensic science is simply something good for the public. It would indeed be difficult to argue otherwise. In an economic sense, the concept of a public good is defined differently from this colloquial meaning, however, leading to confusion in discussions between forensic scientists and business consultants concerning how to evaluate laboratory performance and ultimately consider strategic change from an economic or efficiency perspective. This article discusses what economists mean by a public or private good, with an application using the forensic science industry. Forensic science is likely neither a purely public or purely private good, but rather a club good that contains a degree of both the public and private. When calculated, the degree of publicness of this club good will aid in determining the appropriate institutional framework from which to provid...
Error in the tetrahedron integration scheme

We show that the widely used tetrahedron scheme for integrating functions over the Brillouin zone misweights the contributions from the $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{k}}$ points at which the function has actually been evaluated. A simple example demonstrates that this misweighting can cause unacceptably large errors. A slight refinement of the scheme is shown to restore the correct weighting.
A unified approach to the vehicle-merging problem

This paper considers the problem of deciding the best way of merging two strings of highspeed vehicles into a single guideway as well as the design of the control system required to accomplish this task. It is shown that both the optimal merging sequence and the control system can be determined by casting the problem into the framework of controlling a linear time-invariant system with quadratic performance criteria. The required control system is shown to be a linear time- invariant feedback system.
Luminol chemiluminescence HPLC reaction detector for amino acids and other ligands

A detector for HPLC is based on suppression of chemiluminescence from the Cu(II)-luminol-peroxide reaction. Analytes which complex Cu(II) reduce the free Cu(II) concentration and thus the observed chemiluminescence intensity. The degree of chemiluminescence suppression is a measure of the analyte concentrations. Detection limits are in the range of 1 pmole-1 nmole for amino acids (both primary and secondary without derivatization), CN−, amines, catecholamines, catechol, and aminoglycoside antibiotics. The detection approach is demonstrated with an ion-exchange separation of amino acids, a reverse phase separation of catecholamines, and an ion-pair separation of the three components of gentamicin C in commercial gentamicin sulfate.
Line Replaceable Unit (LRU) Analysis in the Space Shuttle Orbiter Electrical Power System

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Space Shuttle orbiter, as a test bed for low-orbit space laboratory experiments, needs an orbiter voltage analysis on all orbiter line replaceable units (LRU's). This analysis should use a mathematical model to predict voltages at the various LRU's so that voltage drops from a bus to an LRU can then be computed based on calculated resistance of the conductors and load current.
Validation of anamnestic diagnostic criteria for recurrent aphthous stomatitis.

BACKGROUND Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is characterized by painful recurrent oral ulcers and is typically diagnosed via history and clinical examination. Our aim was to validate a set of anamnestic diagnostic criteria (RASDX) to increase the accuracy of RAS diagnosis, particularly when a clinical examination is not feasible.
Heated Cell for Thermal Stability Studies of Polymers Using Infrared Spectroscopy

In the course of studies on the thermal stability of polymeric materials, it was of interest to follow the course of oxidative and non-oxidative degradation reactions of various functional groups in the polymers using infrared spectroscopy. In general, the method available for this type of investigation has been limited to heating the polymer sample in an oven followed by cooling of the specimen and determination of its infrared spectrum (1). By successive heating and cooling cycles with intermittent spectral evaluation a series of spectra are obtained which are indicative of changes of functionality taking place under the degradative conditions. Recently (2), the use of a heated wire cell has been reported for infrared studies of polymers up to 145°C. The advantage of this type of unit is that continuous monitoring of the sample is possible at the reaction temperature.
Quantitative comparison of bathymetric survey systems

Spatially coincident Deep-Tow, Sea Beam, and SeaMARC II bathymetric data are statistically analyzed to determine the scales at which each system is reliable for mapping seafloor features. The methods we employ, including ruler measures of contours and profiles, and the covariance function and power spectrum of profiles, allow us to investigate the size of features measured as a function of scale.
Modelling whole-plant allocation in relation to carbon and nitrogen supply: Coordination versus optimization: Opinion

One of the few integrating theories related to allocation is the hypothesis of optimization. While optimization theory has great heuristic appeal and has been used to describe a range of physiological and ecological phenomena, it has major limitations. Optimization is necessarily based on a definite time integral and an optimal control strategy must be specific to the same patterns exhibited by the driving variables over this same period of time. Optimization tends to employ the use of oversimplifications in order to facilitate analytical solutions to the optimal control strategy, i.e. the mechanism governing the response of plants, which is the critical issue of interest. It is difficult to define objective criteria that can account for the natural variability in plants and testing the quantitative predictions of optimality models is also difficult. Thus, we suggest that optimization theory is too limited for practical use in modelling whole plant allocation. In this paper, we introduce the use of coordination theory as a practical alternative. We develop a simple plant growth allocation model using both coordination and optimization approaches and show that coordination theory is easily applied, produces results that are quantitatively similar to optimization, and overcomes the inherent limitations of optimization theory.
Are San Jose scale (Hom., Diaspididae) pheromone trap captures predictive of crawler densities?

: Abundance of San Jose scale (SJS), Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock), adult males and crawlers were monitored with pheromone traps checked weekly and associated sticky tape traps monitored biweekly, respectively, in commercial almond orchards in Kern County, California, USA, during 1999 and 2000. Regression analysis was used to determine if SJS crawler abundance could be predicted from SJS males captured on pheromone traps. No significant relationship (P > 0.05) was indicated for any generation or for all SJS captured for the season in 1999. With greater replication in 2000, statistically significant relationships were indicated for the first generation (r = 0.727; F = 25.712; P < 0.0001; n = 25) and for all generations (r = 0.777; F = 63.239; P < 0.0001; n = 25). An additional orchard in 2000 was divided into 18 1.21-ha plots with different treatments applied. A statistically significant relationship was indicated for the first generation (r = 0.507; F = 11.769; P = 0.0016; n = 36) and second generation (r = 0.436; F = 7.972; p = 0.0079; n = 36). These results suggest that relative densities of SJS crawlers on sticky tapes can be estimated using SJS male trap captures for the first generation, and that this approximation is appropriate for whole orchards or for subplots within orchards as small as 1.21-ha.
Hypothalamic sites sensitive to morphine and naloxone: Effects on feeding behavior

Abstract Three experiments investigated the feeding response of brain cannulated rats to hypothalamic injection of norepinephrine (NE), the opiate agonist morphine sulfate (MO) and the opiate antagonist naloxone (NAL). Morphine elicited feeding in a dose-dependent manner when injected into the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of satiated rats, at doses of 0.78 to 100 nmoles, with a threshold dose of 1.56 nmoles. Naloxone, at doses of 3.13 to 200 nmoles, was injected into the PVN of food-deprived rats and was found to produce a dose-dependent suppression of feeding (threshold dose of 6.25 nmoles). Animals with brain cannulas aimed at the PVN, the perifornical hypothalamus (PFH), the dorsomedial (DMN) and ventromedial (VNM) nuclei were compared for their sensitivity to the feeding stimulatory effects of NE and MO (except in the DMN) and the feeding suppressive effects of NAL. Consistent with earlier reports, the PVN-cannulated animals exhibited a reliable increase in feeding after NE injection; the VMN cannula yielded a small feeding response, whereas the DMN and PFH were insensitive to NE. Morphine, in contrast, strongly stimulated eating after administration into PFH, as well as the PVN, apparently dissociating the NE and MO eating responses. The VMN, however, was generally unresponsive to both MO and NE. With regard to NAL's suppressive effect on feeding, the PVN and PFH, which were sensitive to MO, also exhibited responsiveness to opiate antagonism suggesting the existence in these areas of opiate receptors that modulate feeding. This contrasts with the DMN, where NAL had no effect on feeding and the VMN, where NAL was sensitive in the absence of MO responsiveness. These mapping studies suggest that the opiate receptors affecting eating behavior are mowst dense within the PVN and PFH but are either less dense or have variable responsiveness within the DMN and VMN.
Abstract 5562: ML120B and Bortezomib (BTZ) inhibit both NF-κB and non NF-κB proteins in Primary Mediastinal B-cell Lymphoma (PMBL): Potential for future targeted therapy

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Background: PMBL has a significantly poor prognosis compared to other DLBCLs (Lones/Cairo, JCO, 2000; Patte/Cairo, Blood 2007). New chemotherapeutic agents are urgently needed to improve the current treatment protocol and to improve overall survival rates. Several groups have demonstrated that the NF-κB signaling pathway levels are upregulated in PMBL (Savage, Blood, 2003; Rosenwald, J Exp Med, 2003; Feuerhake, Blood, 2005). We recently demonstrated that the NF-κB inhibitor bortezomib (BTZ) and/or ML120B (I B kinase, IKK, inhibitor) increase apoptosis in PMBL (Waxman/Cairo, et al., Ann Onc, 2008a). Objective: To elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism(s) by which NF-κB blockade contributes to apoptosis in PMBL, we performed proteomic analyses and western blotting of PMBL cells after NF-κB Inhibitor BTZ and ML120B exposure in-vitro. Methods: PMBL cell line Karpas-1106P cells were incubated with BTZ (5ng/ml), ML120B (10μg/ml, generously supplied by Millennium Pharmaceuticals), or both for 24 hours. NF-κB binding activity was measured by TransAm kit (Active Motif). CASPASE-3 was measured by Human Apoptosis 3-plex kit (Invitrogen). Proteomic analysis were performed with cell lysates utilizing iTRAQ labeling followed by LC-MS/MS. Ratios between untreated and treated were quantile normalized and log2 transformed. False-discovery rates (FDR) were used to estimate the error among the selected proteins. All proteins with an FDR <40% were considered differentially expressed. Several of these proteins were confirmed by western blot. Student t-test was used for statistical analysis. Results: The combination of BTZ and ML120B significantly increased CASPASE 3 formation (330±53 vs. 55±5 pg/mg protein) (p<0.006) and significantly reduced activation of NF-κB members, p50 (45% decrease (dec) vs. untreated control (unt); 0.051±0.0015; p< 0.001), p52 (50% dec vs. unt, 0.022±0.0002; p<0.001), c-rel (41% dec vs. unt, 0.020±0.0008; p<0.03), p65 (RelA) (52% dec vs. unt, 0.019±0.0008; p<0.001) and Rel B (43% dec vs. unt, 0.023±0.0002; p<0.001). There was a significant decrease in NF-κB proteins including HSP90 (−4.0F), PSAT1 (−3.3F) and SND1 (−3.9F) and c-myc downstream proteins SNRPB (−5.3F) and PFKP (−3.9F) by proteomic analysis and similar results confirmed by western blot. Conclusions: BTZ and ML120B inhibit both NF-κB and non NF-κB pathways which contribute to promotion of apoptosis in PMBL. These results could provide the basis for future translational studies in PMBL and other tumors with constitutive activation of the NF-κB pathway. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5562.
Effects of oocyte exposure to local anesthetics on in vitro fertilization and embryo development in the mouse

The effect on fertilization and development of local anesthetics routinely used during ultrasound-guided oocyte retrieval in women undergoing in vitro fertilization was examined in a mouse in vitro fertilization system. Mouse oocytes were exposed in vitro to lidocaine, chloroprocaine, and bupivacaine at concentrations of 0 (control), 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, 10.0, 100.0 micrograms/mL for 30 min, washed, and then inseminated. In vitro oocyte fertilization at 24 and 48 h and embryo development at 72 h were determined. Bupivacaine adversely affected mouse in vitro fertilization and embryo development only at the highest exposure concentration, 100 micrograms/mL, while lidocaine and chloroprocaine produced adverse effects at concentrations as low as 1.0 and 0.1 microgram/mL, respectively. Furthermore, an adverse dose-related effect on fertilization and embryo development was shown for lidocaine and chloroprocaine, but not for bupivacaine. These data demonstrate that the local anesthetics, lidocaine (L), chloroprocaine (C), and bupivacaine (B), adversely affect mouse in vitro fertilization and embryo development in the order of C greater than L greater than B.
Synthesis of 2-(pyridin-3-yl)-1-azabicyclo[3.2.2]nonane, 2-(pyridin-3-yl)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane, and 2-(pyridin-3-yl)-1-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane, a class of potent nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-ligands.

In an attempt to generate nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) ligands selective for the α4β2 and α7 subtype receptors we designed and synthesized constrained versions of anabasine, a naturally...
School Reform in a Vacuum: Demographic Change, Social Policy, and the Future of Children

In their search for magic bullets to fix failing schools, policymakers seldom directly address powerful ecological factors impacting schooling. This article identifies several major demographic, societal, economic, and educational changes and trends in U.S. society over the past several years; analyzes their impact on schoolchildren; and offers a series of policy recommendations for public sector reform initiatives that show promise in ameliorating these conditions, which in turn would improve the educational prospects for all children, particularly those most at risk.
Gender issues and Horney theory.

In recent years there has been a revival of interest in the theories of Karen Homey stimulated by the women's movement. Women in the field of mental health have taken a new look at Horney's contribution to psychoanalysis, especially her critique of Freud's theory of feminine psychology. The focus has been primarily on Horney's early papers published in Feminine Psychology (Homey, 1967). Few people have gone beyond these early papers to understand Horney's later contribution--her own unique theory of neurotic character structure. A true understanding of Horney's contribution to psychoanalysis must be seen in two phases. In the first phase, from the early 1920s to the late 1930s, Horney's work was within the context of Freudian language and structure and represented attempts at adding to Freud's theory or revising it. In her later more developed phase Horney produced her own theory of neurosis and neurotic character structure using her own terminology. In the first phase Horney's contributions were largely in the area of feminine psychology. Later, after moving away from the Freudian model, Horney's theory was not gender-specific. In her own theory, Homey does not talk of women's behavior or men's behavior, but of human behavior. Her theory truly encompasses human potential without specifying gender. Most mental health professionals are not familiar with Horney's later work, and are not aware of its usefulness in understanding gender issues in today's world. In this paper 1 wish to discuss the application of Horney's theory to current issues concerning gender. Before discussing theory I would like to review certain aspects of Horney's life, both personal and professional, which were significantly influenced by the gender issues of her day. She was born in 1885, just prior to a period of social pressure for women's rights. As noted by Quinn in her biography of Homey, "Had it not been for the social ferment of the 1890s,
Explaining Social Change in Haiti and the Dominican Republic

Few countries are so close geographically and so distinct culturally as Haiti and the Dominican Republic, but, as Alex Dupuy in Haiti in the New World Order and Emelio Betances in State and Society in the Dominican Republic reveal, there are many similarities between them. Through detailed class analyses linking internationallevel social forces and events with national-level ones, these writers illustrate the complexity of the process of change and the centrality of economic, political, and ideological factors. Although written several years ago, their works remain relevant to the current discussions of "constructing democracy" in the Middle East and elsewhere in the world. They underscore the difficulties of constructing democracy in internationally subordinated societies in which national-level political and economic power is highly centralized. Equally significant, they show that "democracy" does not simply happen in some natural evolutionary or inevitable fashion; rather, any attempt to understand and ultimately to construct democracy must begin with history and class relations.
A Nonparametric K-Sample Test for Equality of Slopes

The development of a nonparametric K-sample test for equality of slopes using Puri's generalized L statistic is presented. The test is recommended when the assumptions underlying the parametric mod...
Adoption of Mobile Payment Technology by Consumers

This study examined the use of mobile payments by American consumers. Using a sample of 15,060 respondents from all 50 states and the District of Columbia, a profile of mobile payment users was developed. Respondents who were using mobile payments were more likely to be younger, male, minorities, and to have a higher than average income. Results indicated that there were strong associations between mobile payment adoption and high cost debt (payday loans, auto-title loans, etc.), trouble with financial management (making ends meet), and credit card behavior (taking cash advances and paying over the limit fees). Results suggest that users of mobile payment technology were focused on convenience, and they might be prone to impulse spending. The potential impact of the increasing adoption of this technology is discussed.
Bypass Graft Stent Fracture Leading to Saphenous Vein Graft Pseudoaneurysm

An 83-year-old man, with a history of coronary artery bypass graft surgery 19 years before presentation and subsequent percutaneous coronary intervention to saphenous vein graft with placement of a paclitaxel drug-eluting stent 16 years later, presented with a 2-week history of fevers, productive cough, and pleuritic chest pain. He was found to have leukocytosis and chest x-ray evidence of pneumonia with a widened mediastinum. He was admitted for treatment of protracted pneumonia. He had a borderline elevated troponin I, which, in the absence of anginal pain, was thought to be secondary to demand ischemia. A chest radiograph obtained at admission showed bilateral pleural effusions, a right lower lobe infiltrate, and a widened …
Inhibitors of hydroperoxide metabolism enhance ascorbate-induced cytotoxicity

Pharmacological ascorbate, via its oxidation, has been proposed as a pro-drug for the delivery of H(2)O(2) to tumors. Pharmacological ascorbate decreases clonogenic survival of pancreatic cancer cells, which can be reversed by treatment with scavengers of H(2)O(2). The goal of this study was to determine if inhibitors of intracellular hydroperoxide detoxification could enhance the cytotoxic effects of ascorbate. Human pancreatic cancer cells were treated with ascorbate alone or in combination with inhibitors of hydroperoxide removal including the glutathione disulfide reductase inhibitor 1,3 bis (2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosurea (BCNU), siRNA targeted to glutathione disulfide reductase (siGR), and 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG), which inhibits glucose metabolism. Changes in the intracellular concentration of H(2)O(2) were determined by analysis of the rate of aminotriazole-mediated inactivation of endogenous catalase activity. Pharmacological ascorbate increased intracellular H(2)O(2) and depleted intracellular glutathione. When inhibitors of H(2)O(2) metabolism were combined with pharmacological ascorbate the increase in intracellular H(2)O(2) was amplified and cytotoxicity was enhanced. We conclude that inclusion of agents that inhibit cellular peroxide removal produced by pharmacological ascorbate leads to changes in the intracellular redox state resulting in enhanced cytotoxicity.
Genetic Landscape of Human Papillomavirus–Associated Head and Neck Cancer and Comparison to Tobacco-Related Tumors

Head and neck cancer is the fifth most common cancer worldwide. It is often amenable to curative intent therapy when localized to the head and neck region, but it carries a poor prognosis when it is recurrent or metastatic. Therefore, initial treatment decisions are critical to improve patient survival. However, multimodality therapy used with curative intent is toxic. The balance between offering intensive versus tolerable and function-preserving therapy has been thrown into sharp relief with the recently described epidemic of human papillomavirus–associated head and neck squamous cell carcinomas characterized by improved clinical outcomes compared with smoking-associated head and neck tumors. Model systems and clinical trials have been slow to address the clinical questions that face the field to date. With this as a background, a host of translational studies have recently reported the somatic alterations in head and neck cancer and have highlighted the distinct genetic and biologic differences between...
Computing a displacement distance equivalent to optimize plans for postdisaster temporary housing projects

Residence in temporary housing is a critical period for the social, economic, and psychological recovery of displaced families following disasters. Temporary housing locations define the displacement distance between families and their essential needs. The objective of this paper is to develop a novel methodology to capture the specific proximity needs and preferences of displaced families. This paper proposes a displacement distance equivalent as an objective metric to evaluate the performance of temporary housing locations in meeting the needs of displaced families. Moreover, the paper describes the development of an integer programming optimization model capable of optimizing temporary housing assignments to minimize total displacement distance equivalent while meeting budget constraints. The main contribution of this paper to the body of knowledge is in transforming the purpose of temporary housing programs from offering general accommodation to providing customized housing solutions tailored to the individual proximity needs of each household using the proposed displacement metric. In addition, the proposed optimization model enables decision makers to set budget constraints to ensure the economic feasibility of identified temporary housing solutions.
A mechanism for crystal twinning in the growth of diamond by chemical vapour deposition.

A model for the formation of crystal twins in chemical vapour deposited diamond materials is presented. The twinning mechanism originates from the formation of a hydrogen-terminated four carbon ato...
Mechanisms of Echinocytosis Induced by Crotalus atrox Venom

Transient echinocytosis has been reported in association with snake envenomation in humans and dogs. An in vitro model of echinocytosis induced by venom of crotalus atrox (western diamondback rattlesnake) was established to characterize erythrocyte morphologic changes and to investigate potential mechanisms of echinocytic transformation. Erythrocyte morphologic changes produced after the addition of venom to canine, feline, equine, and human blood were characterized by dose-dependent echinocytosis. Type III echinocytosis were consistently induced in vitro at a dose comparable to in vivo envenomation; higher venom doses produced spheroechinocytic and spherocytic transformations. The changes could not be induced in vitro in the presence of ethylenediaminetraacetic acid but were observed in heparinized and citrated blood samples, suggesting the participation of calcium or a metalloprotein in echinocytic change. These findings suggest that phospholipase A2 (PLA2), a calcium-dependent enzyme in snake venom, may be responsible for echinocytic transformation via the production of lysolecithin, a known echinocytic agent. Purified PLA2 from C. atrox venom induced dose-dependent echinocytic change in vitro in canine blood. Other potential mechanisms of echinocytic change evaluated in canine blood included erythrocyte cation loss and erythrocyte ATP depletion. In canine blood mixed with venom, erythrocyte sodium and potassium concentrations were consistently less than those of controls, likely as a result of membrane alteration produced by the actions of PLA2. There was no difference in blood ATP concentrations from dogs with snakebite when compared with normal controls; however, the power of this comparison was low. Echinocytosis induced by rattlesnake venom is related to the degree of venom exposure and may correlate clinically with the amount of venom absorbed. Echinocytic transformation in vitro is induced by PLA2 present in venom.
Use of Patient-Reported Outcomes to Improve the Predictive Accuracy of Clinician-Reported Adverse Events

Abundant research has now demonstrated that patient and clinician reports of symptoms—and particularly symptomatic toxicities (ie, adverse events) during cancer treatment—provide discrepant yet complementary data (1–3). How can this be? Can’t only the patient or the clinician be “right”? The more patient-centered among us might state that the patient is always right by definition because nobody (not even the most sensitive clinician) can truly know another person’s subjective experience. But the more traditional among us might assert that clinicians should be considered right because they have an “objective” perspective based on experience and training, which prevents them from exaggerating or understating what they observe. In fact, it appears that both the patient and clinician provide information of value, which when combined provides a more accurate understanding of the patient’s symptoms. This finding is good news for those of us who are interested in improving the measurement of symptoms in clinical trials and practice. The optimistic among us might state that all we need to do now is figure out how to operationalize this approach.
Respiratory Patterns During Sleep in Obesity-Hypoventilation Patients Treated With Nocturnal Pressure Support: A Preliminary Report

Background The obesity-hypoventilation syndrome (OHS), commonly defined as a combination of obesity and diurnal hypercapnia, is efficiently treated using nasal positive pressure ventilation (NPPV). The present study aimed to determine whether nocturnal polysomnography allows detection of respiratory disturbances occurring in patients with OHS treated with NPPV that may interfere with the quality of sleep and of ventilatory support, and are not detected by nocturnal pulse oximetry and capnography. Methods Twenty OHS patients in stable clinical condition treated by NPPV for at least 3 months with a bilevel pressure support ventilator were studied. All patients underwent single-night polysomnography under NPPV including transcutaneous measurement of P co 2 (TcP co 2 ). Four types of respiratory events were defined and quantified: patient/ventilator desynchronization, periodic breathing (PB), autotriggering, and apnea-hypopneas. Results Eleven patients (55%) exhibited desynchronization occurring mostly in slow-wave sleep and rapid eye movement sleep and associated with arousals but not inducing significant changes in TcP co 2 or oxygen saturation using pulse oximetry (Sp o 2 ). Eight patients (40%) showed a high index of PB, mostly occurring in light sleep and associated with more severe nocturnal hypoxemia. Autotriggering was sporadic and usually limited to one or two breaths, although prolonged and asymptomatic autotriggering occurred in one patient during 10.6% of total sleep time. Conclusions Patient/ventilatory asynchrony and PB are respiratory patterns occurring frequently in OHS patients treated using NPPV. Nocturnal monitoring of Sp o 2 and TcP co 2 , commonly used to assess the efficacy of ventilatory support, do not adequately explore this aspect of therapy that might influence its efficacy as well as sleep quality.