cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Spinal Epidural Hematoma Following Epidural Steroid Injection in a Patient Treated with Dabigatran: A Case Report.

Lumbar epidural steroid injections are commonly employed in the treatment of degenerative lumbar conditions. The procedure is generally accepted as safe, and few complications have been reported in the literature. An exceedingly rare complication of epidural steroid injection is a spinal epidural hematoma. Although millions of epidural steroid injections have been completed since 19601-3, to our knowledge, there have been no more than fifteen reported cases of epidural hematoma related to epidural steroid injections4-16. A review of these reports reveals that nearly all of the patients involved were taking anticoagulants near the time of injection. In October 2010, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the use of a novel anticoagulant called dabigatran (Pradaxa; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, Connecticut) for the prevention of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation. In Europe and Canada, the drug also has been approved for the prevention of thromboembolism in patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty. Dabigatran has experienced a rapid increase in popularity in the orthopaedic community because it has several benefits over enoxaparin and warfarin. Unlike enoxaparin, dabigatran is administered orally. Unlike warfarin, dabigatran has minimal monitoring requirements and few drug-drug and drug-food interactions, and it becomes therapeutic within hours instead of days17. Currently, to the best of our knowledge, there are no known cases in the literature of dabigatran-associated complications after epidural steroid injections. Recent clinical trials involving over 20,000 patients treated with dabigatran did not identify a single case of spinal epidural hematoma17,18. The patient was informed that data concerning the case would be submitted for publicaton, and he provided consent. ### History A seventy-year-old man presented with ongoing symptoms of lower back pain and bilateral leg pain for four months. Neurological examination revealed full motor strength in the …
Optimal Design of Unitized Panels with Curvilinear Stiffeners

This paper summarizes some numerical results of optimal design study of curvilinear stiffened panels where the reference axes of the stiffeners can be curvilinear. An integrated approach to use different capabilities in relevant fields, such as NURBS, DistMesh, and MSC.NASTRAN, etc., are adopted in the MATLAB environment. Numerical studies on optimal stiffened panel designs of buckling dominant problems are made to look into the effects of certain factors, such as, orientation, spacing, location, and curvature, etc., on the optimal designs. It is observed that curvilinear placement of stiffeners plays the role of orientation, spacing, location and intersection placement of infinitesimal straight stiffeners, and provides an enhanced design space. This enhanced design space may lead to better designs than using straight stiffeners though it is not always so. This work reveals the necessity to use global optimization techniques to perform topology/placement/shape optimization of curvilinear stiffened panels along with size optimization.
On the propagation of pressure transients in an elastic plate with a circular hole

In this report the problem studied is that of an infinite elastic plate which is being forced by a time varying pressure in a circular hole at its center. A two-dimensional theory is employed which predicts two of the infinite number of evanescent plate waves that are predicted by the exact three-dimensional theory. The solution is obtained in the frequency domain by means of integral transforms, and this solution is investigated numerically. Of greatest interest is the location of two pole type singularities at points just below the real frequency axis. These singularities, which are independent of the form of forcing, are the source of the edge resonance phenomenon that has been noted and reported in several places. The contribution of these singularities to the far field transient response is obtained by means of the method of steepest descent.
The Heterogeneity of Southern White Distinctiveness

This article documents and assesses subregional variation among white southerners in presidential voting behavior and a variety of issue attitudes. I demonstrate that whites in the South remain con...
Interaction of α- and β-subunits in native H-K-ATPase and cultured cells transfected with H-K-ATPase β-subunit

The assembly of the β-subunit of the gastric H-K-ATPase (HKβ) with the α-subunit of the H-K-ATPase or the Na-K-ATPase (NaKα) was characterized with two anti-HKβ monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). In fix...
Anthropology 101: How to Change the World

In the Learn and Serve Environmental Anthropology Field School (LEAF), at Edmonds Community College, Washington, students study a little-known society: our own. The LEAF School combines participant observation, the primary method of investigation for cultural anthropologists, with service-learning to engage the students in the community while working with tribes, governments, community organizations, cooperatives, and farms on projects that use traditional ecological knowledge to improve sustainability. This article is edited by Kristen Ballinger, based on an interview with Dr. Thomas Murphy during Spring 2009, three years after the founding of the LEAF School. The course number for Human Ecology course discussed in this article was changed from Anth 101 to Anth 201 shortly after this article went to print and the LEAF School has subsequently added a series of archaeology courses to its curriculum and expanded to Everett Community College.
Study on Laser Ignition Characteristics of A High Energy Propellant

The effect of ambient pressure,initial temperature and heat fluxes on the ignition delay time of a kind of high energy propellant was examined in detail by use of a CO2 laser ignition system.The studied results showed that the ignition delay time of propellant was decreased along with the increase of ambient pressure and heat fluxes.There existed pressure thresholds to ignite propellant,its value was affected by heat fluxes.The high energy propellant can be ignited when the ambient pressure is higher than 0.2 atm,while this propellant can't be ignited when the ambient pressure is below 0.2 atm.The effect of initial temperature on ignition delay time also depends on heat fluxes,and this effect is more significant at the lower heat fluxes.The experiential expression of the ignition delay time was given in the end.
Predictors of caregiver depression among community-residing families living with traumatic brain injury

Objective: To test the hypothesis that ineffective problem-solving abilities would be significantly predictive of risk for depression in caregivers of persons with traumatic brain injury (TBI) after controlling for caregiver burden, caregiver health and demographic characteristics. Design: Correlational and logistic regression analyses of cross-sectional data. Participants: 57 women and 3 men (M age of caregivers= 51.4, SD =1 0.1) caring for a relative with a TBI. Main outcome measure : Centers for Epidemiologic Studies - Depression scale (CES-D). Results: Twenty-nine caregivers (48.3%) had CES-D scores that met the criteria for risk of depression. An ineffective approach to problem solving, characterized by negative, avoidant, and careless/impulsive styles, and self-reported caregiver physical symptoms were significantly predictive of caregiver depression regardless of length of time caregiving, perceived burden, or demographic variables. Conclusions: Caregivers of persons with TBI who report physical health problems and who exhibit ineffective problem solving area at greater risk for depression, regardless of the time they have spent in their role as a caregiver.
Harmonic analysis of the sensitivity penalty due to cross-phase modulation in multichannel CPFSK optical communication systems

Intensity fluctuations of an optical wave modulate the phases of other optical waves copropagating in the same fiber through the cross-phase modulation (XPM). This effect can be detrimental to phase-sensitive multichannel lightwave systems.1-3 Our previous study4 showed that the XPM index is inversely proportional to the product of wavelength separation Δλ, fiber dispersion D, and modulation frequency. In this paper, we present what we believe to be the first comprehensive theoretical analysis to estimate the impact of XPM on multichannel CPFSK optical communication systems. We also experimentally investigate the sensitivity penalty due to XPM in CPFSK systems and compare the results with theoretical estimates.
Tetrahymena Poc1 ensures proper intertriplet microtubule linkages to maintain basal body integrity

Basal bodies comprise nine symmetric triplet microtubules that anchor forces produced by the asymmetric beat pattern of motile cilia. The ciliopathy protein Poc1 stabilizes basal bodies through an unknown mechanism. In poc1∆ cells, electron tomography reveals subtle defects in the organization of intertriplet linkers (A-C linkers) that connect adjacent triplet microtubules. Complete triplet microtubules are lost preferentially near the posterior face of the basal body. Basal bodies that are missing triplets likely remain competent to assemble new basal bodies with nine triplet microtubules, suggesting that the mother basal body microtubule structure does not template the daughter. Our data indicate that Poc1 stabilizes basal body triplet microtubules through linkers between neighboring triplets. Without this stabilization, specific triplet microtubules within the basal body are more susceptible to loss, probably due to force distribution within the basal body during ciliary beating. This work provides insights into how the ciliopathy protein Poc1 maintains basal body integrity.
Identity Management and Relational Culture in Interfaith Marital Communication in a United States Context: A Qualitative Study

AbstractThis study explored the identity management processes in interfaith marital communication in a United States setting. Sixteen marital partners participated in this interview study. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, interpreted, and analyzed. Guided by identity management theory, the interview data analysis revealed three general themes: development of the interfaith relational identity via the co-creation of a superordinate spiritual and value system; implementation of relational boundaries to prioritize the relational identity; and identification of key milestone decisions (i.e. wedding plans and children socialization coordination) interfaith partners face in their intimate relationships. Contributions, limitations, and directions for future studies on interfaith marital communication are addressed.
Nitrogenase Cofactor Assembly: An Elemental Inventory

ConspectusNitrogenase is known for its remarkable ability to catalyze the reduction of N2 to NH3, and C1 substrates to short-chain hydrocarbon products, under ambient conditions. The best-studied Mo-nitrogenase utilizes a complex metallocofactor as the site of substrate binding and reduction. Designated the M-cluster, this [MoFe7S9C(R-homocitrate)] cluster can be viewed as [MoFe3S3] and [Fe4S3] subclusters bridged by three μ2-sulfides and one μ6-interstitial carbide, with its Mo end further coordinated by an R-homocitrate moiety. The unique cofactor has attracted considerable attention ever since its discovery; however, the complexity of its structure has hindered mechanistic understanding and chemical synthesis of this cofactor. Motivated by the pressing questions related to the structure and function of the nitrogenase cofactor, one major thrust of our research has been to unravel the key biosynthetic steps of this metallocluster to cultivate a deeper understanding of these reactions and their effects o...
Profiling of plasma-derived extracellular vesicles cargo for diagnosis of pancreatic malignancy.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their smallest subset, exosomes, have been emerging as potentially promising biomarkers of cancer detection, prognosis and response to therapy. There are several reasons why EVs, and especially tumor-derived exosomes, have become of great interest as “liquid biopsies” to investigators engaged in monitoring cancer progression and treatments. Tumors produce a variety of EVs (exosomes, microvesicles, apoptotic bodies, collectively called “tEVs”), all of which carry tumor-derived molecular and genetic materials (1). However, the cellular mechanisms responsible for tEVs formation and release by the parent cell differ for different EV types (2). While microvesicles “pinch off” from the cell surface, exosomes originate from the endocytic compartment of the parent cell and are released into intercellular space upon fusion of the multivesicular bodies (MVBs) with the surface membrane. Apoptotic bodies are large aggregates of dying cells.
Decontamination of Crosstalk in First-Pass Radionuclide Angiocardiography

Crosstalk is contamination of radionuclide angiocardiographic (RNA) data inherent in the projection of tracer activity within cardiac structures onto the detector of a gamma camera. We describe an algorithm in first-pass RNA for decontaminating crosstalk by modeling tracer activity over time in the isolated chambers of the central circulation. Modeling allows quantification of crosstalk at each individual pixel in the field of view and thus correction of single-pixel time activity curves for this contamination. The resulting decontaminated RNA data are relatively free from crosstalk and from them more accurate and reliable parameters of cardiac function can be evaluated. We present here the decontamination method and discuss its importance in computerized medical image analysis.
Reignition of star formation in dwarf galaxies

The Local Group hosts a number of star-forming dwarf galaxies that show evidence of periods of little to no star formation. We use a suite of cosmological simulations to study how star formation is reignited in such galaxies. We focus on isolated galaxies at $z=0$ with halo masses between 9.2$\times$10$^8$ M$_\odot$ and 8.4$\times$10$^9$ M$_\odot$, where star formation is typically shut off by reionization or by supernova feedback. Nearly 20% of these simulated galaxies later restart star formation, due to interactions with streams of gas in the intergalactic medium, indicating that this mechanism is relatively common in this mass range and that many isolated dwarfs at $z=0$ may not have been isolated throughout their histories. The source of this gas is not necessarily cosmic filaments. Rather, the dwarfs interact with gas thrown off by nearby galaxy mergers or streams extending from neighboring galaxies. While high ram pressure interactions of this nature lead to stripping, the encounters that reignite star formation are low density and/or low velocity and thus low ram pressure, resulting in compression of the hot gas in the halos of our dwarfs. The gas mass bound up in hot halos can be substantial -- at least an order of magnitude greater than the mass contained in HI. Consequently, we find that dwarfs that have experienced reignition tend to be more HI-rich and have a higher M$_{HI}$/M$_{*}$ ratio at $z=0$ than galaxies with continuous star formation. Using this fact, we identify galaxies in the Local Volume that might have "gappy" star formation histories, and can be studied by the Hubble Space Telescope or the James Webb Space Telescope.
Broadband Reflective Optical Limiter Using GST Phase Change Material

We experimentally demonstrate a thermally induced reflective optical limiter using Ge $_2$ Sb $_2$ Te $_5$ (GST) and SiO $_2$ in a multilayer photonic bandgap edge-filter configuration. In the PASS state, greater than 80% transmission was achieved at $\lambda \sim 1500$ nm over a 300 nm spectral bandwidth and $\pm 45^{\circ }$ angles of incidence. In the BLOCK state, extinction ratios higher than 30 dB were achieved. By comparison, all previous optical limiters based on nonlinear photonic crystals have severe spectral bandwidth and/or angle of incidence limitations in either the PASS or BLOCK states. A nine-layer implementation of this device was fabricated and tested in this paper. Numerical modeling results show reasonable agreement with measured values. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of optical limiting over a broad spectral band using phase change materials with this level of performance. However, it should be noted that although GST can be switched in both directions, the experimental results demonstrated in this paper are limited to PASS-to-BLOCK switching only.
Budget and User Feedback Control Strategy-Based PRMS Scenario Web Application

The Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) is used to study and simulate hydrological environment systems. It is common for an environmental scientist to execute hundreds of PRMS model runs to learn different scenarios in a study field. If the study case is complex, this procedure can be very time-consuming. Also, it is very hard to create different scenarios without an efficient method. In this paper, we propose a PRMS scenario web application. It can execute multiple model runs in parallel and automatically rent extra servers based on needs. The control strategy introduced in the paper guarantees that the expense is within the planned budget and can remind a system manager if the quantified user feedback score crosses the predefined threshold. The application has user-friendly interfaces and any user can create and execute different PRMS model scenarios by simply clicking buttons. The application can support other environmental models besides PRMS by filling the blueprint file.
A rare presentation of choroidal metastasis from primary esophageal adenocarcinoma successfully treated with intensity-modulated radiation therapy

Abstract Purpose In this case report, we present a case of choroidal metastasis from a primary esophageal adenocarcinoma that was treated successfully with intensity-modulated radiation therapy. Observations A 65-year-old male with known stage IV esophageal adenocarcinoma presented with a central scotoma in his left eye and was ultimately found to have a large choroidal metastatic lesion with overlying subretinal fluid. IMRT was administered over the course of four weeks, resulting in restoration of the patient's vision, regression of the metastatic lesion, and resolution of the subretinal fluid. As of 16 months following completion of radiation, there remains no evidence of choroidal recurrence or radiation-associated ocular complications. Conclusions and Importance: To our knowledge, this is the first published case report of a choroidal metastasis from esophageal cancer responding durably to IMRT. IMRT should therefore be considered a viable treatment option for this rare disease.
The Unitary Group Formulation of the Many-Electron Problem

The unitary group formulation is a viable alternative to the Slater determinant and second quantized methods when the Hamiltonian is spinfree. Here the Hamiltonian is expressed as a second degree polynomial in the infinitesimal generators of U(ρ) where p is the number of spatial (spin-free) orbitals. Each irreducible space of U(ρ) is invariant under this Hamiltonian and is uniquely characterized by a Young diagram which, for the Pauli allowed spaces, supplies both particle and spin quantum numbers. Each irreducible space is spanned by a set of orthonormal Gel’fand states and the Hamiltonian matrix elements are conveniently calculated by the graphical unitary approach (GUGA). The many-body approximation theories (single and multiconfiguration restricted Hartree Fock, RPA, perturbation, coupled cluster and effective Hamiltonian theories) have been given a unitary group formulation
INVESTIGATING THE EFFECT OF THE ORTHOTROPIC PROPERTY OF PIEZOELECTRIC PVDF

The applications of the piezoelectric PolyvinylideneFluoride, PVDF, integrated with the bearns, plates, and membranes, performing as sensor, actuator or combination have been received considerable attention in the recent years. However, not much work has been reported on the influence ofthe PVDF's orthotropic behavior, particularly the effect of the orientation of the PVDF fihn in the host structure, on the performance ofthe system. In the present study, the effect of the piezoelectric PVDF fihn orientation on the output voltage, the actuation force, and the dynamic response ofthe integrated structures has been studied using the finite element method. In the sensory mode, the difference between the output voltages obtained from the biaxial piezoelectric PVDF fihn and uniaxial one, when the orientation ofthe fihn varies from 0 to 90 degree, is investigated. In each case the proportion contnbutions . of the involved piezoelectric coefficients including d 31 , d n and d 33 are studied. Alternatively, in the actuation mode, the effect of orthotropic behavior of the actuator on the nodal displacements has been taken into consideration. The influence ofthe material orthotropic property ofthe transducer onthe free undamped response of the system is also investigated. Moreover an effective Young's modulus and effective Poisson ratio for the uniaxial PVDF fihn has been introduced using an optimization procedure to minimize the error caused by isotropic assumption ofuniaxial PVDF fihn.
Chlamydia internalization and intracellular fate.

Chlamydiae are obligate intracellular bacteria that cause a wide spectrum of disease in both humans and non-human species. Within the family Chlamydiaceae, there is a single genus and four species: Chlamydia trachomatis,Chlamydia psittaci, Chlamydia pneumoniae and Chlamydia pecorum. Diseases of humans caused by Chlamydia trachomatis include sexually transmitted diseases and endemic blinding trachoma. C. pneumoniae is a widespread cause of community-acquired pneumonia (Grayston et al., 1989) and is of intense current interest due to possible associations with atheroschlerosis (Kuo et al.,1995). C. psittaci is primarily a zoonosis that occasionally infects humans and C. percorum is also an animal pathogen but infections of humans have not been reported. There are at least 15 serologically distinguished serovars of C. trachomatis with several sub-types now recognized. Different serovars are associated with distinct diseases. Infections caused by serovars A-C are associated primarily with endemic blinding trachoma, the leading cause of preventable blindness worldwide. Infections caused by serovars D-K are typically localized to the genital tract and are the most common cause of sexually transmitted disease. The lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) serovars, Ll, L2, and L3 also cause sexually transmitted infections, however, unlike diseases caused by the trachoma serovars which remain localized to mucosal epithelium, diseases caused by LGV are more systemic and invade the inguinal lymph nodes. Based upon the ability to cause systemic infections as well as differences in interactions with eukaryotic cells in vitro, the human C. trachomatis serovars are considered to comprise two biovars, trachoma and lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) (Schachter and Caldwell, 1980).
Legitimacy on the Supreme Court: Attacks from Within the Court

This paper examines how Supreme Court justices use language to disagree with one another. In any debate, two opposing individuals can maintain cordial, respectful differences in opinion; conversely, the two individuals could essentially go for each other’s throat using harsh, derogatory, sarcastic, or other similar types of language. Specifically, I examine what affects whether or not justices choose to attack the legitimacy of the majority opinion through the use of harsh language in separate opinions (both specially concurring and dissenting). Theoretically, using separate opinions to criticize a majority opinion can be viewed as a way in which the “myth of legality” surrounding the Supreme Court can be threatened. However, the analyses contained in this paper have found no evidence that Supreme Court justices are concerned about how the public may view their attacks on the legitimacy of the majority opinion, though, interestingly, neither does ideological distance appear to affect whether or not a justice attacks the legitimacy of the majority opinion.
An Enhanced Wavelet Image Codec: SLCCA PLUS

High-resolution image compression remains a hot research topic today due to the widespread use of high-definition displays in computers and mobile devices. Conventionally, there are two distinct categories in image compression: 1) Subband coding based on multi-level discrete wavelet transform (DWT); 2) Hybrid coding based on block prediction and discrete cosine transform (DCT). Wavelet image compression has delivered a much higher coding gain over the classical DCT-based JPEG. More recently, through using a delicate yet innovative block prediction scheme before DCT, HEVC Intra coding has delivered an impressive coding gain over JPEG 2000, where the coding gain is measured by the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) gain at the same bit rate. However, it is hard to integrate a block prediction scheme with wavelet transform. A block prediction error image could be statistically quite different from an ordinary image. In the paper, we focus on developing a wavelet image coder SLCCA Plus, which is a much-enhanced version of SLCCA. The enhancement involves quantization, cluster filtering, shared-boundary-zero handling and context model design for adaptive arithmetic coding. The experiments on standard images of $512\times 512$ are conducted to compare the proposed SLCCA Plus to JPEG 2000 and SLCCA. On average, SLCCA Plus achieves 7% bit saving over JPEG 2000 and 4% over SLCCA.
Generalized diffusion spectrum magnetic resonance imaging (GDSI) for model-free reconstruction of the ensemble average propagator.

Abstract Diffusion spectrum MRI (DSI) provides model-free estimation of the diffusion ensemble average propagator (EAP) and orientation distribution function (ODF) but requires the diffusion data to be acquired on a Cartesian q-space grid. Multi-shell diffusion acquisitions are more flexible and more commonly acquired but have, thus far, only been compatible with model-based analysis methods. Here, we propose a generalized DSI (GDSI) framework to recover the EAP from multi-shell diffusion MRI data. The proposed GDSI approach corrects for q-space sampling density non-uniformity using a fast geometrical approach. The EAP is directly calculated in a preferable coordinate system by multiplying the sampling density corrected q-space signals by a discrete Fourier transform matrix, without any need for gridding. The EAP is demonstrated as a way to map diffusion patterns in brain regions such as the thalamus, cortex and brainstem where the tissue microstructure is not as well characterized as in white matter. Scalar metrics such as the zero displacement probability and displacement distances at different fractions of the zero displacement probability were computed from the recovered EAP to characterize the diffusion pattern within each voxel. The probability averaged across directions at a specific displacement distance provides a diffusion property based image contrast that clearly differentiates tissue types. The displacement distance at the first zero crossing of the EAP averaged across directions orthogonal to the primary fiber orientation in the corpus callosum is found to be larger in the body (5.65 ± 0.09 μm) than in the genu (5.55 ± 0.15 μm) and splenium (5.4 ± 0.15 μm) of the corpus callosum, which corresponds well to prior histological studies. The EAP also provides model-free representations of angular structure such as the diffusion ODF, which allows estimation and comparison of fiber orientations from both the model-free and model-based methods on the same multi-shell data. For the model-free methods, detection of crossing fibers is found to be strongly dependent on the maximum b-value and less sensitive compared to the model-based methods. In conclusion, our study provides a generalized DSI approach that allows flexible reconstruction of the diffusion EAP and ODF from multi-shell diffusion data and data acquired with other sampling patterns.
Standard enthalpies of formation of some 5d transition metal gallides by high-temperature direct synthesis calorimetry

Abstract The standard enthalpies of formation of some 5d transition metal gallides have been measured by high-temperature direct synthesis calorimetry at 1373±2 K. The following results (in kJ/mol of atoms) are reported: LaGa 2 (−69.2±2.4); HfGa 3 (−42.4±2.7); Hf 5 Ga 3 (−45.4±2.1); Ta 5 Ga 3 (−28.3±2.2); OsGa 3 (−27.4±1.6); IrGa 3 (−41.2±1.9); IrGa (−43.3±1.8); Pt 3 Ga (−41.3±2.2); PtGa (−57.3±2.3). The results are compared with some earlier values obtained by solution calorimetry or derived from EMF measurements. They are also compared with the predicted values of Miedema and coworkers. We compare the enthalpies of formation of 3d, 4d and 5d transition metal gallides and the heats of formation of the 5d gallides with available values for the 5d transition metal aluminides and germanides.
Two-Way Patient Monitoring in PD: Technical Description of Sharesource.

The SHARESOURCE platform was designed to transform how clinicians approach dialysis by empowering them to focus on improving clinical decision making for their patients. Sharesource supports remote patient management through secure communication with Baxter’s AMIA, HOMECHOICE CLARIA and KAGUYA peritoneal dialysis cyclers. Sharesource organizes and presents the treatment data to the clinician in a timely manner for assessment, allowing the clinician to review the treatment results, assess the therapy, and evaluate patient status and compliance. If the clinician determines that a change to the patient’s therapy is required, Sharesource provides the clinician the ability to act on that assessment by updating the patient’s device settings that can be communicated to the cycler in time for the patient’s next treatment.
1‐Allyl‐ and 1‐Benzyl‐3‐methyl‐1,2,3‐triazolium Salts via Tandem Click Transformations.

Triazoles of type (III) are synthesized in a one-pot manner via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of terminal alkynes bearing an alkyl chain and organic azides, generated in situ.
Radiation Effects Characterization of Commercial Multi-Channel Digital to Analog Converters for Spaceflight Applications

This paper presents recent heavy ion single-event effects test results for commercial off the shelf multi-channel digital to analog converter devices. Data was taken in CY18 for device evaluation for use in a NASA space observatory mission.
Heart failure with reduced and preserved ejection fraction in adult congenital heart disease

Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is common in patients with adult congenital heart disease. Many of the most common congenital defects have a high prevalence of HFrEF, including left-sided obstructive lesions (aortic stenosis, coarctation of the aorta, Shone complex), tetralogy of Fallot, Ebstein anomaly, lesions in which there is a systemic right ventricle, and lesions palliated with a Fontan circulation. However, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is also prevalent in all these lesions. Comprehensive evaluation includes physical exam, biomarkers, echocardiography and advanced imaging, exercise stress testing, and, in some cases, invasive hemodynamics. Guideline-directed medical therapy for HFrEF can be applied to left-sided lesions and may be considered on an individual basis for systemic right ventricle and single-ventricle patients. Medical therapy is limited for HFpEF. However, in both HFrEF and HFpEF, ventricular dyssynchrony and arrhythmias play an important role, and medications for rhythm control, ablation, and cardiac resynchronization therapy should be considered. Finally, aggressive management of cardiovascular risk factors and comorbidities, including, but not limited to, hypertension, obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and obstructive sleep apnea, cannot be overemphasized.
Increased episodes of aspiration on videofluoroscopic swallow study in children with nasogastric tube placement

Background Given the limited evidence available, the impact of nasogastric (NG) tube placement on swallowing in children is not well understood. When a child needs to be fed enterally, the current standard is to initially place an NG tube and leave it in place for the first few months of supplemental or total enteral nutrition. It is important to understand if placement of NG tubes has a negative effect on a patient's swallow. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the charts of those children who had videofluoroscopic swallow studies (VFSS) to identify all children who had an NG tube in place at the time of swallow study. Age and sex matched children were identified who had undergone VFSS without an NG in place. These charts were reviewed for diagnosis at the time of the VFSS and presence or absence of aspiration or laryngeal penetrations. Results Sixty-three children with NG tubes were identified, along with 63 age and sex matched children without NG tubes in place, at the time of VFSS. Ages ranged from 7 days to 13 years. The NG group had a significantly higher proportion demonstrating aspiration (46% vs. 23.8%, p = 0.0089). Conclusions This study supports the need for further prospective evaluation of NG tubes and their effect on swallow, as well as more careful consideration of prolonged NG tube placement in patients with feeding problems. Consideration should be given to removal of the NG prior to VFSS to prevent the impact of NG placement on results of the swallow study which could lead to inappropriate modifications to the patient's care plan.
Results of an Online Survey about Food Insecurity and Eating Disorder Behaviors Administered to a Volunteer Sample of Self-Described LGBTQ+ Young Adults Aged 18 to 35 Years.

Abstract Background There are few published studies addressing food insecurity and eating disorders in lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, or questioning (LGBTQ+) individuals. Objective The primary objective of this study was to describe the proportion of food insecurity and eating disorder behaviors in a volunteer sample of LGBTQ+ individuals aged 18 to 35 years. Design This study was a cross-sectional analysis of questionnaire data collected from 253 participants between March 2018 and March 2019. Participants and setting To be included in the study, participants had to be aged 18 to 35 years and identify as being LGBTQ+. Main outcome measures Food security score, Eating Attitudes Test score, Eating Disorder Examination Self-Report Questionnaire score, anxiety score (Beck), and depressive symptoms score. Statistical analyses performed The χ2 test was used to analyze the categorical outcomes. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare continuous variables across gender identity groups. All P values Results The proportion of participants identifying as a woman, trans male, gender nonconforming, and a man were 39%, 24%, 24%, and 13%, respectively. Food insecurity was reported by 54.4% of respondents with trans males reporting the highest proportions (64.8%). High levels of depressive symptoms were reported by 68.2% of men, 89.8% of women, 91.4% of trans males, and 95.5% of gender-nonconforming respondents (P = 0.009). High anxiety was reported by 20.5%. Eating Disorder Examination Self-Report Questionnaire scores were significantly higher (P Conclusions Members of the LGBTQ+ community are at greater risk for food insecurity, eating disorders, and depression, particularly those who identify as trans males. These findings denote the need to focus future research efforts on effective prevention and treatment strategies that are specific to sexual and gender identity groups within the LGBTQ+ community.
Evaluating the effect of cooking and gastrointestinal digestion in modulating the bio-accessibility of different bioactive compounds of eggs

Eggs' nutritional value has been enhanced by enriching hen's diet with bioactive compounds, but factors influencing bio-accessibility are unspecified. This study investigated the effect of hen breed, diet enrichment, and cooking methods in modulating the egg compounds' bio-accessibility after gastrointestinal (GI) digestion. White Leghorn (WLH) and Rhode Island Red (RIR) hens were fed a corn-soybean-based diet enriched with flaxseed and carotenoids; eggs were collected, cooked, and subjected to simulated GI digestion. The results showed that egg proteins were equally digestible with no change in the degree of hydrolysis (DH). The linolenic fatty acid in enriched-cooked samples remained bio-accessible after GI digestion. The lutein bio-accessibility in enriched eggs decreased after GI digestion except in RIR fried sample. Eggs from WLH and RIR achieved similar peptide content after GI digestion. These results elucidate the bio-accessibility of different bioactive compounds in cooked eggs and the use of eggs as potential functional foods.
Introduction and Early Fetal Stage Placenta (First Trimester, 8–12 Gestational Weeks (WG))

Examination of the placenta is an important tool for understanding adverse pregnancy outcomes. Best practice suggests that placental tissues from all pregnancies ending either spontaneously or for medical indications before 37 weeks be submitted for pathologic evaluation. Indications for submission after 37 weeks range from liberal to conservative and are the focus of two recent policy statements [1, 2]. These guidelines ensure a detailed and accurate recording of pathologically confirmed pregnancies by gestational age, developmental stage, and pathophysiologic category which can be very useful for subsequent clinical management and genetic counseling. It also ensures that, based on the pathologic findings, appropriate follow-up testing of the mother, fetus, or placenta can be initiated.
Cytotoxic and targeted systemic therapy in patients with advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in the head and neck

Background The outcomes of patients treated with cytotoxic or targeted systemic therapy is not well defined for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (cSCCHN). Methods Patients with cSCCHN treated with cytotoxic or targeted systemic therapy were included. Patients were divided into two groups based on the presence of distant metastasis (M1 vs. M0) at presentation. A proportional hazards model was used to assess for independent predictors of overall survival. Results Of 129 patients with cSCCHN, 20 (16%) were M1 and 109 (84%) were M0. Independent predictors of improved survival were M0 status, treatment of locally advanced disease with radiotherapy, and lower Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score. Conclusions Survival was worse in M1 patients treated with cytotoxic or targeted systemic therapy and poor baseline performance status but improved in those receiving radiotherapy. These data can serve as historical controls for future systemic therapy trials, including immunotherapy.
Identifying the Roadblocks to Effective Clinical Practice in Teacher Education Programs

As an editorial team, we would like to acknowledge the authors of each paper submitted for this special issue of the Peabody Journal of Education. Their accounts hopefully will inform and assist al...
Optimal Scheduling of Therapy to Delay Cancer Drug Resistance

Abstract One of the most difficult challenges in cancer therapy is the emergence of drug resistance within tumors. Sometimes drug resistance can emerge as the result of mutations and Darwinian selection. However, recently another phenomenon has been discovered, in which tumor cells switch back and forth between drug-sensitive and pre-resistant states. Upon exposure to the drug, sensitive cells die off, and pre-resistant cells become locked in to a state of permanent drug resistance. In this paper, we explore the implications of this transient state switching for therapy scheduling. We propose a model to describe the phenomenon and estimate parameters from experimental melanoma data. We then compare the performance of continuous and alternating drug schedules, and use sensitivity analysis to explore how different conditions affect the efficacy of each schedule. We find that for our estimated parameters, a continuous therapy schedule is optimal. However we also find that an alternating schedule can be optimal for other hypothetical parameter sets, depending on the difference in growth rate between pre-drug and post-drug cells, the delay between exposure to the drug and emergence of resistance, and the rates of switching between states.
Electron Microscopy of Chick Fibroblasts Infected by Defective Rous Sarcoma Virus and Its Helper

Nonproducing Rous sarcoma cells of the chicken and their virus-producing as well as uninfected counterparts were studied with an electron microscope. The structural peculiarities of transformed cells included cytoplasmic annulate lamellae, aggregates of membrane-bound, glycogen-like granules, and empty, virus-like shells. Of 69 individual lines of nonproducing Rous sarcoma cells, 64 contained small numbers of viral particles. These particles were morphologically indistinguishable from mature avian tumor virus but lacked demonstrable infectivity. In sessile normal and leukosis virus-infected fibroblasts, microtubules and fibrils occurred in parallel arrays at the periphery of the cytoplasm. This cortical organization was absent from rounded Rous sarcoma cells. The characteristics of microtubular arrangement seemed to reflect differences in the locomotory activity of normal and transformed cells.
Three-Dimensional Human Body Model Acquisition from Multiple Views

We present a novel approach to the three-dimensional human body model acquisition from three mutually orthogonal views. Our technique is based on the spatiotemporal analysis of the deforming apparent contour of a human moving according to a protocol of movements. For generality and robustness our technique does not use a prior model of the human body and a prior body part segmentation is not assumed. Therefore, our technique applies to humans of any anthropometric dimension. To parameterize and segment over time a deforming apparent contour, we introduce a new shape representation technique based on primitive composition. The composed deformable model allows us to represent large local deformations and their evolution in a compact and intuitive way. In addition, this representation allows us to hypothesize an underlying part structure and test this hypothesis against the relative motion (due to forces exerted from the image data) of the defining primitives of the composed model. Furthermore, we develop a Human Body Part Decomposition Algorithm (HBPDA) that recovers all the body parts of a subject by monitoring the changes over time to the shape of the deforming silhouette. In addition, we modularize the process of simultaneous two-dimensional part determination and shape estimation by employing the Supervisory Control Theory of Discrete Event Systems. Finally, we present a novel algorithm which selectively integrates the (segmented by the HBPDA) apparent contours from three mutually orthogonal viewpoints to obtain a three-dimensional model of the subject‘s body parts. The effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated through a series of experiments where a subject performs a set of movements according to a protocol that reveals the structure of the human body.
The benefits of turn-taking reciprocal self-disclosure in get-acquainted interactions

Self-disclosure can vary on many dimensions, including reciprocity. Using a live-interaction paradigm, the authors examined how dyads who engaged in turn-taking self-disclosure in two interactions differed from dyads who engaged in sequential self-disclosure (one person disclosed while the other listened in a first interaction, switching roles in the second interaction) on attraction and three interpersonal process variables—responsiveness, enjoyment, and perception of being liked. Turn-taking (vs. sequentially) disclosing dyads reported greater degrees of attraction, especially after the first interaction. The three process variables were positively associated with attraction and were experienced to a greater degree by dyads who engaged in turn-taking (vs. sequential) self-disclosure. These process variables mediated the link between self-disclosure reciprocity and attraction.
Manual removal of the placenta

Abstract 1. 1. An analysis of 74 consecutive cases of manual romoval of the placenta at Bellevue Hospital is given. This ropresents an incidence of 0.83 per cent of 8,902 deliveries over a period of six years. 2. 2. The uncorrected mortality is 3, and the corrected mortality is 2, or 2.7 per cent, one patient dying from hemorrhage and one from sepsis. With transfusions and ergonovine, deaths from hemorrhage because of manual removal of the placenta should be extremely rare, provided the obstetrician does not await an alarming blood loss before resorting to manual intervention. 3. 3. The uncorrected morbidity is 43.1 per cent. Manual removal of the placenta is often an incidental procedure which follows a complicated labor or a serious operative delivery and usually is accused unjustly of the ensuing morbidity and mortality. Only 21 cases of the entire series of 74 had an entirely uncomplicated labor and delivery, and 6 of these were packed after the manual removal. 4. 4. The following factors were the most important in increasing the morbidity after manual removal; prolonged labor, intra-partum amniotic sac infection, difficult operative delivery, uterine tamponade after manual removal, and post-partum hemorrhage. Tamponade of the uterus can be avoided in most instances if the uterus is empty and ergonovine is given liberally. 5. 5. There were 64.9 per cent of the 74 cases associated with a postpartum hemorrhage of 500 c.c. or over, and 31.1 per cent with a postpartum hemorrhage of 1,000 c.c. or over. The degree of hemorrhage was directly related to the morbidity rate. 6. 6. The following factors were found to increase the incidence of manual removal: a previous manual removal, post-partum hemorrhage, difficult operative delivery, prematurity and immaturity of the infant, maceration of the fetus, twins, and amniotic sac infection. The importance of maceration of the fetus appears to have been disregarded in previous reviews. 7. 7. A patient who has had one manual removal of a retained placenta is likely in a subsequent pregnancy to require a repetition of the procedure. 8. 8. Placenta accreta has not been observed at Bellevue Hospital for the past ten years, during which time there have been over 15,000 deliveries. 9. 9. Cyclopropane appears to be the anesthetic of choice for manual removal if the uterus is overdistended. 10. 10. Failure to realize that hemorrhage may continue during and immediately after manual removal will cause unnecessary maternal deaths. An infusion or transfusion should be started before the manual removal in almost all cases. Rh negative blood or plasma is essential for transfusion if a macerated or erythroblastotic infant has been delivered.
Bacterial Spore Inhibition and Inactivation in Foods by Pressure, Chemical Preservatives, and Mild Heat

Sucrose laurates, sucrose palmitate, sucrose stearates, and monolaurin (Lauricidin) were evaluated for inhibitory effects against spores of Bacillus sp., Clostridium sporogenes PA3679, and Alicyclobacillus sp. in a model agar system. The combined treatment of sucrose laurate, high hydrostatic pressure, and mild heat was evaluated on spores of Bacillus and Alicyclobacillus in foods. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of the sucrose esters were higher than that of Lauricidin for all spores tested in the model agar system, but Lauricidin was not the most readily suspended in the test media. The sucrose laurates and sucrose palmitate were more effective and more readily suspended than the sucrose stearates. A combined treatment of sucrose laurate (≤1.0%), 392 megaPascals (MPa) at 45°C for 10 to 15 min provided 3- to 5.5-log10 CFU/ml reductions from initial populations of 106 CFU/ml for Bacillus subtilis 168 in milk, Bacillus cereus 14579 in beef, Bacillus coagulans 7050 in tomato juice (pH 4.5), Alicycloba...