cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The role of product involvement in advertising message perception and believability

This investigation examines the variable product involvement and its relationship to the degree to which consumers perceive and believe advertiser’s claims. The study tests the hypothesis that consumers are more likely to believe the claims made on behalf of high involvement products — particularly for health-related goods and services. A survey revealed that while advertiser’s claims were clearly perceived by the vast majority of respondents, a large percentage also amplified the advertiser’s claims — always to the advertiser’s benefit. Respondent’s were significantly less likely to believe advertiser’s claims for low involvement products (such as shampoo), but were significantly more likely to believe claims made on behalf of a high involvement products, and in particular, claims for health-related products.
1,3-Butadiene: toxicity and carcinogenicity in laboratory animals and in humans.

1,3-Butadiene, CH2=CH—CH=CH2 (CAS No. 106-99-0), is a colorless, noncorrosive gas having a boiling point of — 4.4°C and a vapor pressure of 1,900 mm Hg at 20°C (Kirshenbaum 1978). 1,3-Butadiene is a highly reactive material that can form the dimer, 4-vinyl-cyclohexene, and is flammable at atmospheric concentrations of 2% or higher. 1,3-Butadiene can form explosive peroxides in air, and therefore is shipped as a liquified gas under pressure with an inhibitor of peroxide formation, such ast-butyl catechol.
The Juvenile Hormone Receptor and Molecular Mechanisms of Juvenile Hormone Action

Abstract Juvenile hormone (JH) is a critical regulator of insect development and physiology, widely known for its ability to delay metamorphosis. The mechanisms underlying the action of JH have been poorly understood, partly as a result of difficulties identifying the JH receptor. However, the last few years have seen a rapid expansion of knowledge surrounding JH signalling. Ultraspiracle (USP), a nuclear receptor that was once considered as a possible receptor to JH, instead appears to function as a receptor to the JH precursor methyl farnesoate. The bHLH–PAS protein Methoprene-tolerant (Met) has now emerged as the principal receptor for JH, involved in regulating multiple JH-dependent pathways including the antimetamorphic function of JH. Structural analyses are beginning to elucidate the mechanistic basis of JH reception by Met. Simultaneously, studies of JH target genes are providing an explanation as to how JH to carries out diverse regulatory functions and crosstalk with other signalling pathways, with Met operating through direct gene activation and the use of multiple interacting partners. In this chapter, we provide an overview of efforts to characterize JH signalling through the identification and characterization of the JH receptor and describe the significant advances that have been achieved in recent years.
Pharmacologic Targeting of Hypoxia-Inducible Factors

Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) control transcriptional responses to reduced O2 availability. HIFs are heterodimeric proteins composed of an O2-regulated HIF-α subunit and a constitutively expressed HIF-1β subunit. HIF-α subunits are subject to prolyl hydroxylation, which targets the proteins for degradation under normoxic conditions. Small molecule prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors, which stabilize the HIF-α subunits and increase HIF-dependent expression of erythropoietin, are in phase III clinical trials for the treatment of anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease. HIFs contribute to the pathogenesis of many cancers, particularly the clear cell type of renal cell carcinoma in which loss of function of the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor blocks HIF-2α degradation. A small molecule inhibitor that binds to HIF-2α and blocks dimerization with HIF-1β is in clinical trials for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma. Targeting HIFs for stabilization or inhibition may improve outcomes in diseases that are common causes of mortality in the US population.
Listening to Patients: A Pillar for the Epistemology of Neurointerventions

In their article, “Patients’ beliefs about deep brain stimulation (DBS) for treatment resistant depression,” Lawrence, Kaufmann, DeSilva, and Appelbaum analyze the responses of 24 psychiatric inpat...
Faith, Faculty, and the Value of a Christian College Education: An Empirical Case

In an era of continued public questioning of the value of a college degree, given rising costs and concerns about employment preparation, Christian higher education is marketed both as a wise inves...
DSLINK: a computer program for gene-centromere linkage analysis in families with a trisomic offspring.

Abstract Trisomic individuals provide information for gene-centromere mapping, since two of the four chromatids in a meiotic tetrad can be recovered. When centromeric markers are available, linkage analysis between the centromere and any marker locus can be performed in nuclear families having one or more trisomic offspring. Since conventional linkage programs consider only disomic individuals, we have written a FORTRAN computer program, DSLINK, that performs gene-centromere linkage analysis on the basis of information on trisomic and disomic offspring. This program makes it possible to study the relationship between recombination and chromosome segregation.
Attenuation Coefficient Parameter Computations for Tissue Composition Assessment of Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaque in Vivo.

Abstract Quantitative ultrasound has been used to assess carotid plaque tissue composition. Here, we compute the attenuation coefficient (AC) in vivo with the optimum power spectral shift estimator (OPSSE) and reference phantom method (RPM), extract AC parameters and form parametric maps. Differences between OPSSE and RPM AC parameters are computed. Relationships between AC parameters, surgical scores and histopathology assessments are examined. Kendall's τ correlations between OPSSE AC and surgical scores are significant, including those between cholesterol and Standard Deviation (adjusted p = 0.038); thrombus and Minimum (adjusted p = 0.002), Maximum (adjusted p = 0.021) and Standard Deviation (adjusted p = 0.001); ulceration and Average (adjusted p = 0.033), Median (unadjusted p = 0.013), Maximum (unadjusted p = 0.039) and Mode (adjusted p = 0.009). The strongest correlations with histopathology are percentage cholesterol and Median OPSSE (unadjusted p = 0.007); percentage hemorrhage and Minimum OPSSE (adjusted p
Defense of a Target Against Intelligent Adversaries: A Linear Quadratic Formulation

This paper addresses the Active Target Defense Differential Game with three players, the Target, the Attacker, and the Defender. The Target tries to reach its goal while evading the Attacker. The Attacker aims at the Target trying to avoid the Defender while the Defender protects the Target by interposing himself between the Attacker's and the target and trying to intercept the Attacker as far as possible from the Target. The agents are constrained by their use of control energy. The problem becomes a linear quadratic differential game and the analytical solution is obtained. In this paper the Active Target Defense Differential Game paradigm is extended to address two novelties: a goal set for the Target and the expenditure of control energy by the players.
Transcriptomic responses from improved murine sepsis models can better mimic human surgical sepsis

Historically, murine models of inflammation in biomedical research have been shown to minimally correlate with genomic expression patterns from blood leukocytes in humans. In 2019, our laboratory reported an improved surgical sepsis model of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) that provides additional daily chronic stress (DCS), as well as adhering to the Minimum Quality Threshold in Pre-Clinical Sepsis Studies (MQTiPSS) guidelines. This model phenotypically recapitulates the persistent inflammation, immunosuppression, and catabolism syndrome observed in adult human surgical sepsis survivors. Whether these phenotypic similarities between septic humans and mice are replicated at the circulating blood leukocyte transcriptome has not been demonstrated. Our analysis, in contrast with previous findings, demonstrated that genome-wide expression in our new murine model more closely approximated human surgical sepsis patients, particularly in the more chronic phases of sepsis. Importantly, our new model of murine surgical sepsis with chronic stress did not reflect well gene expression patterns from humans with community-acquired sepsis. Our work indicates that improved preclinical murine sepsis modeling can better replicate both the phenotypic and transcriptomic responses to surgical sepsis, but cannot be extrapolated to other sepsis etiologies. Importantly, these improved models can be a useful adjunct to human-focused and artificial intelligence-based forms of research in order to improve septic patients' morbidity and mortality.
Comparison of Suction Rates Between a Standard Yankauer, a Commercial Large-Bore Suction Device, and a Makeshift Large-Bore Suction Device.

Abstract Background Commercial large-bore suction catheters and makeshift large-bore suction catheters with an endotracheal tube (ETT) attached to a meconium aspirator have been shown to have superior suction rates compared with a standard Yankauer. Objectives To compare suction rates between a commercial large-bore suction catheter and a makeshift endotracheal tube—meconium aspirator (ETTMA) combination. Methods We measured suction rates between a standard bulb-tip Yankauer catheter (Model: K86; Cardinal Health, Waukegan, IL), a commercial large-bore catheter (Part: 43200; The Big Stick®, SSCOR, Inc., Sun Valley, CA), and an 8.0-mm standard ETT connected to a meconium aspirator (NeotechTM Products, Inc., Valencia, CA; Ref: N0101 Clear) with high-, medium-, and low-viscosity fluids. Median suction rates were calculated with interquartile ranges. The relative differences with 95% confidence intervals (CI) between the Yankauer and both the large-bore catheter and the ETTMA combination were calculated using a linear mixed-effects model. Results Each device was trialed five times with each of the three different viscosity fluids for a total of 45 trials. Overall, suction rates were faster for the large-bore suction catheter compared with the Yankauer (relative difference 22 mL/s; 95% CI 17–28) and ETTMA (8 mL/s; 95% CI 5–10). The large-bore catheter had consistently faster suction rates compared with the Yankauer and ETTMA combination across all fluid viscosities. Conclusions The commercial large-bore suction catheter had faster suction rates than the makeshift ETTMA combination when compared with the standard Yankauer.
Uncontrolled Pain and Risk for Depression and Behavioral Symptoms in Residents With Dementia.

Abstract Objectives Limited cohort studies have assessed the association between uncontrolled pain and risk for behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSDs). We conducted a longitudinal cohort study to examine whether associations exist between uncontrolled pain and risk for 2 common BPSDs—depression and behavioral symptoms—among long-term care (LTC) residents with Alzheimer disease and related dementia (ADRD). Design This retrospective cohort study analyzed quarterly data from the 5% Medicare sample linked to Minimum Data Set (MDS) 3.0 between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2015. Setting and Participants LTC residents aged 50 years or older with ADRD who had chronic pain and at least 2 quarterly MDS 3.0 assessments. Methods LTC residents were followed up quarterly from first observed quarterly MDS 3.0 until first outcome event or last observed quarterly MDS 3.0. Uncontrolled pain was defined as numerical rating scale >4, verbal descriptor scale of moderate or severe pain, or ≥1 pain indicators on the Checklist of Nonverbal Pain Indicators. Depression was defined as ≥10 on the Patient Health Questionnaire 9; behavioral symptoms were defined as the presence of psychotic (delusions or hallucinations) or disruptive behaviors (rejection of care, or physical, verbal, or other aggressive behaviors). Generalized linear models (GLMs) with marginal structural modeling (MSM) stabilized weights were used to examine uncontrolled pain and outcome risk. Results The incidence rate of depression and behavioral symptoms during follow-up was 9.4 and 23.1 per 100 resident-years, respectively. Results from the MSM-GLMs showed that LTC residents with uncontrolled pain had a higher risk than those with controlled pain for developing depression [hazard ratio 1.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.54–1.81] and behavioral symptoms (hazard ratio 1.28, 95% CI 1.19–1.37). Conclusions and Implications Uncontrolled pain was associated with elevated risk for depressive and behavioral symptoms in dementia, underscoring the importance of pain assessment and control among LTC residents with ADRD.
The end-user benefits of smartphone transit apps: a systematic literature review

Transit apps are cost-efficient strategies to facilitate transit use. This study is the first systematic review that synthesises the literature on these apps’ end-user benefits. We identified limit...
A revision of the Rhoptrobothriidae (Cestoda: Tetraphyllidea).

The Rhoptrobothriidae are one of the more enigmatic families of cestodes of elasmobranchs. Opinions on the taxonomic status of the family’s three original genera (i.e., Myzophyllobothrium, Rhoptrobothrium, and Myzocephalus) have varied over the 115 years since they were erected. Some authors have considered all three valid, others have considered Rhoptrobothrium to be a synonym of Myzopyllobothrium or a genus inquirendum, yet others have considered Myzocephalus to be a synonym of the phyllobothriid genus Thysanocephalum. All three genera were established for specimens collected from eagle rays off Sri Lanka. The erection of Mixophyllobothrium for two specimens from a cowtail stingray off India three decades ago added additional confusion to the situation, with some authors considering it valid and others a synonym of Myzocephalus. These disagreements stem largely from differences in interpretation of the complex morphology of the scolex of members of these genera. Furthermore, with the exception of Rhoptrobothrium comprising four species, each genus is monotypic. All but Rhoptrobothrium has not been considered in detail for nearly a century, largely because of a lack of available material. The taxonomic status of these genera is assessed here based on light and scanning electron microscopy, and molecular data generated from new material collected from eagle rays off Indonesian and Malaysian Borneo, Japan, Sri Lanka, and Viet Nam. Morphological work indicates that the genera differ largely only in the degree of folding of the four remi that extend from the cephalic peduncle. A molecular phylogeny based on sequence data for the D1–D3 region of the 28S rRNA gene, which include new data for eight specimens of four species, indicates that Myzophyllobothrium, Myzocephalus, and Rhoptrobothrium are not mutually monophyletic. The latter two genera and Mixophyllobothrium are considered synonyms of Myzophyllobothrium and five species are transferred to that genus. Myzophyllobothrium okamuri n. comb. is considered a species inquirendum. Myzophyllobothrium nagasawai n. sp. is described from Aetobatus narutobiei off Japan. Myzophyllobothrium narinari n. comb. is re-described based on newly collected cestodes from the type host and locality (i.e., Aetobatus ocellatus off Sri Lanka). Despite consisting of only a single genus, the family status of the group is retained in recognition of the unusual configuration of the scolex, which bears four biloculate bothridia and four remi extending from the cephalic peduncle. The ordinal placement of the family remains uncertain, but affinities with the Phyllobothriidea, rather than “Tetraphyllidea” are considered.
A Roadmap for Investment Promotion and Export Diversification: The Case of Jordan

Jordan faces a number of pressing economic challenges: low growth, high unemployment, rising debt levels, and continued vulnerability to regional shocks. After a decade of fast economic growth, the economy decelerated with the Global Financial Crisis of 2008-09. From then onwards, various external shocks have thrown its economy out of balance and prolonged the slowdown for over a decade now. Conflicts in neighboring countries have led to reduced demand from key export markets and cut off important trade routes. Foreign direct investment, which averaged 12.7% of gross domestic product (GDP) between 2003-2009, fell to 5.1% of GDP over the 2010-2017. Regional conflicts have interrupted the supply of gas from Egypt – forcing Jordan to import oil at a time of record prices, had a negative impact on tourism, and also provoked a massive influx of migrants and refugees. Failure to cope with 50.4% population growth between led to nine consecutive years (2008-2017) of negative growth rates in GDP per capita, resulting in a cumulative loss of 14.0% over the past decade (2009-2018). Debt to GDP ratios, which were at 55% by the end of 2009, have skyrocketed to 94%. Over the previous five years Jordan has undertaken a significant process of fiscal consolidation. The resulting reduction in fiscal impulse is among the largest registered in the aftermath of the Financial Crises, third only to Greece and Jamaica, and above Portugal and Spain. Higher taxes, lower subsidies, and sharp reductions in public investment have in turn furthered the recession. Within a context of lower aggregate demand, more consolidation is needed to bring debt-to-GDP ratios back to normal. The only way to break that vicious cycle and restart inclusive growth is by leveraging on foreign markets, developing new exports and attracting investments aimed at increasing competitiveness and strengthening the external sector. The theory of economic complexity provides a solid base to identify opportunities with high potential for export diversification. It allows to identify the existing set of knowhow, skills and capacities as signaled by the products and services that Jordan is able to make, and to define existing and latent areas of comparative advantage that can be developed by redeploying them. Service sectors have been growing in importance within the Jordanian economy and will surely play an important role in export diversification. In order to account for that, we have developed an adjusted framework that allows to identify the most attractive export sectors including services. Based on that adjusted framework, this report identifies export themes with a high potential to drive growth in Jordan while supporting increasing wage levels and delivering positive spillovers to the non-tradable economy. The general goal is to provide a roadmap with key elements of a strategy for Jordan to return to a high economic growth path that is consistent with its emerging comparative advantages.
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Bacterial Agents of Bioterrorism: Strategies and Considerations

Bacillus anthracis, Brucella species, Burkholderia mallei, Burkholderia pseudomallei, Francisella tularensis, and Yersinia pestis are bacterial species that can produce deadly infections; collectively they have caused epic plagues and human misery for centuries . This chapter explores the progress made over the last three years to establish both standardized susceptibility testing methods and interpretive criteria for B. anthracis,Y. pestis, B. mallei, B. pseudomallei, F. tularensis, and Brucella species. Although a standardized testing method has been published by CLSI for B. anthracis, two issues remain controversial. The first is whether a 0.5 McFarland inoculum contains an adequate number of cells for testing, since colony counts performed from a standardized inoculum are often below 5 × 105CFU/ml, which is the standard inoculum size for broth microdiution assays. The second issue focuses on the role of the chromosomally encoded β-lactamases produced by B. anthracis in mediating penicillin resistance, and whether the β-lactamases are constitutively produced or inducible in most anthrax strains. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods established by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) for MIC testing of Y. pestis follow those used for other Enterobacteriaceae; however, in studies conducted by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), adequate growth of some isolates was not achieved in Mueller-Hinton broth in 24 hrs. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods used for F. tularensis studies vary widely in the literature. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of bacterial agents of bioterrorism provides critical data for guiding prophylaxis or treatment of patients exposed to or infected with pathogens.
Heat stabilization dependence on redox state of cytochrome cd1 oxidase from Pseudomonasaeruginosa

Abstract The irreversible thermal denaturation of cytochrome cd1 oxidase from P. aeruginosa as a function of the oxidation-reduction states of its hemes was observed with a differential scanning calorimeter. Upon full reduction of the four hemes, the apparent denaturation temperature decreases by about 10° and the denaturation enthalpy decreases slightly: oxidized, 5.9 cal/gm; reduced, 5.4 cal/gm. At pH 7.5, the first order rate constants for denaturation at 90°C are: reduced, 33 × 10−3s−1; oxidized, 3 × 10−3s−1. Thus, oxidation of the hemes reuults in heat stabilization of the cytochrome oxidase. The activation energy for denaturation of fully reduced oxidase, 53 kcal/mol, is less than that for fully oxidized protein (73 kcal/mol).
This, that, or something different?

A 72-year-old man presented after a single choroidal mass was incidentally detected on fundus examination of his right eye. The patient has a history of multiple myeloma and neuroendocrine thymoma diagnosed 6 and 10 years before presentation, respectively. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy revealed metastatic choroidal carcinoid tumor. The patient was subsequently treated with brachytherapy (iodine-125).
Computational challenges in vector functional coefficient autoregressive models

An important research area in statistical computing is found in the literature for vector functional coefficient autoregressive models, a special case of vector nonlinear time series. Methods used are computationally intensive. As a result, analyses and simulations can run into weeks, or even months. Statisticians have been known to base empirical results on a relatively small number of simulation replications, sacrificing precision, accuracy and reliability of results in the interest of time and productivity. The simulations are amenable for parallelization; however, parallel computing technology has not yet been widely used in this specific research area. This paper proposes an approach to the parallelization of statistical simulation codes to address the challenge of long running times, without resorting to extensive code revisions. This approach takes advantage of recent advances in dynamic loop scheduling on workstation clusters to achieve high performance, even with the presence of unpredictable load imbalance factors. Preliminary results of applying this approach in the simulation of normal white noise and threshold autoregressive model obtains efficiencies in the range 95–98% on 8–64 processors.
Typhoid vaccination for international travelers from Greece visiting developing countries.

Background Typhoid fever is one of the most common diagnoses in returned international travelers. Our aim was to study the typhoid vaccine prescription practices for travelers from Greece visiting developing countries. Methods A prospective questionnaire-based study was conducted during 2009–2012 in 57 Public Health Departments, which are the only sources of typhoid vaccine in Greece. Results A total of 3,680 travelers were studied (median age: 38.1 years). Typhoid vaccine was delivered to 1,108 (30.1%) of them. Of those who traveled to sub-Saharan Africa, South America, the Middle East, the Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia, South Africa, East Asia, North Africa, and Central America, 31.6, 17.1, 35, 44.2, 36.9, 31, 17.7, 31.6, and 36.8% received typhoid vaccine, respectively. Of travelers who stayed <1 month, 1 to <3 months, 3 to <6 months, and ≥6 months, 21.4, 63.1, 32.3, and 34.9% were vaccinated, respectively. According to the purpose of travel, typhoid vaccine was administered to 32.7% of those who traveled for leisure, to 28.8% of those who traveled for business, and to 24.1% of those visiting friends and relatives (VFRs). Of travelers who stayed in urban areas, rural areas, and urban and rural areas, 36.3, 30.1, and 26.8% were vaccinated, respectively. The majority of travelers who received the typhoid vaccine stayed in camps (62.9%) or at local residences (41%). Typhoid vaccine administration was statistically significantly associated with destination, duration of travel, purpose of travel, area of stay, and type of accommodation. Discussion There is a need to increase awareness of travelers and public health professionals for typhoid vaccination and particularly for high-risk groups of travelers, such as travelers to the Indian subcontinent and VFRs. Strategies for continuing professional education should be developed for travel health professionals.
Expression of testicular germ cell genes identified by differential display analysis.

ABSTRACT: Using differential display reverse transcriptase—polymerase chain reaction (DDRT-PCR) we identified transcripts encoding for the RNA helicase mDEAH9, Ran binding protein 5 (RanBP5), and 3 novel complementary DNAs designated GC3, GC12, and GC14 in developing testicular germ cells. Sources of RNA for the initial DDRT-PCR screen were purified mouse type A spermatogonia, adult mouse wild-type testis, and W/Wv mutant mouse testis. We identified cDNA fragments for mDEAH9, RanBP5, GC3, GC12, and GC14 in testis and type A spermatogonia samples from wild-type mice, but not in samples from the W/Wv mouse testis. These same transcripts were absent in Northern blots of testis RNA from mice treated with busulfan 30 days prior, but were present in testis RNA from wild-type mice at 5, 15, 25, and 40 days of age. The mDEAH9 gene was expressed in many tissues, whereas RanBP5 and GC12 genes were expressed predominantly in the testis with much lower expression in other tissues. The expression of GC3 and GC14 were limited to the testis as evidenced by Northern blot and RT-PCR analyses. The mDEAH9 transcript was not detected in cultured interstitial cells but was found at low levels in cultured immature Sertoli cells, whereas the RanBP5, GC3, GC12, and GC14 transcripts were not detected in either cultured testicular interstitial cells or cultured Sertoli cells. RT-PCR analyses of isolated spermatogonia, pachytene spermatocytes, and round spermatids revealed that mDEAH9, RanBP5, GC3, GC12, and GC14 genes were expressed in all 3 cellular populations. In situ hybridization analyses of testis samples from 40-day-old mice localized expression of mDEAH9, RanBP5, GC3, GC12, and GC14 to the seminiferous tubules. RanBP5 expression appeared to be regulated during the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium, with the highest expression in stages III through VII. Expression of GC14 was greatest in the meiotic germ cell populations.
The Need for Diversity in Corporate Training: One Size Doesn′t Really Fit

Describes the training programme set up by Allrich, Inc. a highly successful manufacturing firm. The aim was to set up a training model which was sufficiently flexible to accommodate the needs of all individuals in the organization. It was set up on the basis of organization mission statements, out of which a corporate needs profile was drawn up. This was followed by assessment of individual learning needs to provide an individual needs profile. The goal was for each learner to define what his or her training programme would be like and to be responsible for organizing it. Identifies the advantage of the model.
The bacteriology of fallopian tubes removed at operation.

Abstract This investigation comprises a study of 72 patients from the wards and private service of the Women's Clinic of the Johns Hopkins Hospital. Seven patients had had a previous history of gonorrheal infection, 40 had doubtful histories and 25 had negative histories. In 1921 Curtis isolated the gonococcus from Fallopian tubes removed at operation in 38 of 192 cases, but gross and microscopically these tubes presented a picture of acute inflammation. Curtis also isolated Escherichia coli, streptococci, and anaerobic streptococci from cases of salpingitis and perisalpingitis. Cordua and Keck in 1926 , reported isolating paratyphoid B bacillus from an ovarian abscess. In 1931 Worral reported having isolated Staphylococci from infected Fallopian tubes. Caussade and Giullemin, 1934 , isolated the colon bacillus from the tubes of a 12-year-old girl. Brown, 1935 , isolated Salmonella newport from a case of bilateral pyosalpinx. Studdiford, Casper, and Scadron, in 1938 , reported isolating gonococci from the tubes of 16 of 24 cases studied. The organisms were isolated by culturing pieces of tissue and exudate, never from pus, and occasionally were degenerate in form but rapidly assumed the usual characteristics upon subculture. Thirteen of the specimens yielding gonococci showed pathologic evidence of subacute inflammation, two were acute exacerbations of chronic salpingitis, and one showed evidence of chronic or healed salpingitis with marked structual changes in the walls of the tube. According to Cornell, until 1934 there were 71 published cases of actinomycosis of the internal female genitals. American literature reported seven cases, English literature six, and the remainder were in other languages. Since then cases have been reported by Gardiner and Welsh, 1935 ; Cote and Tudhope, 1936 ; De Faria and Fiablo, 1937 ; Auster, 1940 ; and Ahumada and Chevalier, 1943 .
Structural geology and regional tectonic significance of the Ramgarh thrust, Himalayan fold-thrust belt of Nepal

[1] The Ramgarh thrust is one of the major fault systems of the Himalayan thrust belt in Nepal and northern India. The Ramgarh thrust sheet is ∼0.2–2.0 km thick and can be traced along strike the entire length of the Himalaya in Nepal. The fault generally places the oldest Paleoproterozoic rocks in the Lesser Himalayan series upon younger Lesser Himalayan rocks or lower Miocene foreland basin deposits. Regional balanced cross sections suggest that the Ramgarh thrust had at least ∼120 km of initial south vergent displacement. Subsequently, the frontal part of the thrust experienced further slip as the roof thrust for a large duplex in underlying Lesser Himalayan rocks. Ramgarh hanging wall strata are greenschist-grade phyllite, quartzite, and augen gneiss, all of which locally exhibit phyllonitic and mylonitic fabrics that indicate a top-to-the-south sense of shear. Structural fabrics in the Ramgarh thrust sheet are generally parallel to the fabrics in rocks above and below the thrust sheet. Regional and local mapping of the Ramgarh thrust in Nepal demonstrates that the fault always places a hanging wall flat upon a footwall flat, except where local lateral ramps complicate its geometry. Similarly, the structurally overlying Main Central thrust always places a hanging wall flat in Greater Himalayan series rocks upon the regionally flat Ramgarh thrust sheet. These geometric relationships preclude kinematic and thermal models that elevate Greater Himalayan and lower Lesser Himalayan rocks along high-angle thrust ramps in the vicinity of the present traces of the Ramgarh and Main Central thrust faults. Instead, the corresponding footwall ramps for these thrusts must be located more than 100 km north of the current trace of the Main Central thrust. The present steep dips of the Ramgarh and Main Central thrust sheets can be attributed to tilting during emplacement of structurally lower thrust sheets within a large antiformal duplex that occupies most of the Lesser Himalayan zone. The Ramgarh thrust sheet overlaps a bed length of at least 100 km in lower Miocene foreland basin deposits, indicating that a significant amount of displacement on the thrust must have occurred after ∼15 Ma. Growth of the Lesser Himalayan duplex and additional slip on the frontal part of the Ramgarh thrust occurred from ∼12 to 5 Ma. The presence of a major greenschist-grade metasedimentary thrust sheet composed of Lesser Himalayan rocks directly below the Main Central thrust suggests that the famous “inverted metamorphism” in this region is a result of structural inversion. Similarly, the concept of a broad zone of intense shear strain related exclusively to emplacement of the Main Central thrust sheet is probably invalid in Nepal.
Image Registration Improves Confidence and Accuracy of Image Interpretation

Introduction MR examinations of the brain are the primary method for clinical as well as research assessment of the effects of therapy on brain tumors. In clinical practice, visual comparison is the primary method of assessing changes that indicate tumor response or progression. This is a labor-intensive process involving visual search for changes between examinations on multiple images from multiple image types. Furthermore, some of the changes that may be perceived could be do to acquisition-related changes, rather than changes in the tumor status. One of these changes is the change in the patient position between the two time points. While every effort is made to acquire images in the same plane as prior exams, this is rarely achieved. In this study, we evaluated computerized image registration (A.K.A. image alignment) on accuracy and confi dence. Methods Study selection After IRB approval, we collected a series of 100 sequential MRI examination pairs in patients with primary brain gliomas in which there had been no intervening surgery. Furthermore, we selected those in which the clinical radiologist interpretation indicated either subtle or no change in the tumor. The interval between examinations ranged from 35 days to 375 days, with the median being 75 days. Tumor types included astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, and mixed oligo-astrocytomas, and tumor grade ranged from 2 to 4 on the World Health Organization scale. Examinations consisted of 3 mm thick contiguous T1, T2, FLAIR, and T1-post contrast images obtained with a 1.5T GE Signa (GE Medical Systems, Waukesha, WI) scanner. The T1-weighted images were spin-echo sequences with TR ranging from 400 ms to 620 ms and TE min full. T2-weighted images were fast spin echo images TR 3500–4000 ms and TEeff of 120 ms. FLAIR images were also fast spin echo with TR 11000 ms, TI 2250 ms and TE 250 ms.
The responsibility to protect in congo: the failure of grassroots prevention

ABSTRACTPrevention was the most important dimension of the Responsibility to Protect's foundational documents and subsequent advocacy efforts. However, the actual implementation of protection on the ground has focused on reacting to crises. This article develops a case study of war resumption in Congo in 2008 to understand why and how this happened. International peacebuilders took preventive action in Congo, but not as part of the protection efforts. Peacebuilders focused on preventing renewed national and regional wars, and they ignored the local conflicts that fuelled these broader tensions. The reason for this lies in a dominant culture of international peacebuilding. This culture shaped international efforts in such a way that the three essential conditions for effective prevention – political will, early warning and the preventive toolbox – were present for the prevention of renewed national and regional fighting but absent for the prevention of local violence. The resulting strategy allowed a crisi...
Intranuclear endoplasmic reticulum induced by Nopp140 mimics the nucleolar channel system of human endometrium

Exogenous expression of the characteristic repeat domain of the nucleolar chaperone Nopp140 induces the formation of intranuclear structures, termed R-rings. Here, the R-rings are identified as extensive stacks of membrane cisternae in the otherwise membrane-free nucleus. They consist of bona fide endoplasmic reticulum (ER) containing integral membrane proteins of the smooth and rough ER. Although lacking nuclear pore complexes and lamina, the R-rings derive specifically from the inner nuclear membrane. These findings are consistent with the idea that all transmembrane proteins synthesized in the ER and the outer nuclear membrane can freely diffuse through the pore membrane domain into the inner membrane. Uniquely, the soluble transfected Nopp140 is directly involved in the generation of these membrane stacks as it localizes to the electron dense matrix in which they are embedded. The only well-documented example of intranuclear membrane proliferation is the nucleolar channel system of the postovulation human endometrium. The transient emergence of the nucleolar channel system correlates precisely with the readiness of the endometrium for the implantation of the fertilized egg. The nucleolar channel system exhibits an ultrastructure that is indistinguishable from R-rings, and nuclei of human endometrium harbor Nopp140 and ER marker containing structures. Therefore, the nucleolar channel system appears to be identical to the R-rings, suggesting a role for Nopp140 in human reproduction.
A Selective Electrochemical Gas Chromatography Detector Based on Axial Ligation Reactions of a Molten Iron Porphyrin Redox Polyether Hybrid

An iron tetraphenylporphyrin, with four appended, oligomeric (MW = 550), poly(ethylene glycol) chains ([Fe(T550PP)Cl]), is an electroactive, room-temperature melt, and undergoes axial coordination with volatile bases, such as pyridines, when they are partitioned at a gas/melt interface into a film of the porphyrin. The Fe(III/II) reaction of the axially coordinated porphyrin can be used amperometrically as a means of detecting the pyridine vapor, as shown in plug flow experiments with open tubular columns. The mechanism of the ECGC detector response is analyzed. This detection scheme is minimally responsive or nonresponsive to gaseous analytes that do not coordinate to the Fe(III) state of the porphyrin. The detector's selective response to pyridine is linear over a 500-fold range but is not yet very sensitive in comparison to the (nonselective) flame ionization detector. The ECGC detector has utility in detecting weak ligand interactions with the porphyrin (i.e., alcohols), and its response also detects ...
Prognostic value of stress-gated Tc-99m sestamibi SPECT after acute myocardial infarction.

Abstract Stress-gated technetium-99m (Tc-99 m) sestamibi single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is used to risk stratify patients after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). In clinical practice, results of this test are used primarily to identify patients with myocardial ischemia for intervention. The value of this test to risk stratify patients with AMI not at high ischemic risk has not been addressed. More than 1-year follow-up was undertaken in 124 patients who underwent predischarge gated Tc-99m sestamibi SPECT studies and who did not undergo subsequent revascularization. Clinical variables and test-derived variables were evaluated to predict cardiac death, recurrent AMI, and hospitalization for unstable angina, congestive heart failure, or coronary revascularization. Independent predictors by multivariate analysis for cardiac death or recurrent AMI were a history of prior AMI (relative risk [RR] = 5.32, confidence interval [CI] 2.17 to 12.96), a low exercise capacity (RR = 6.84, CI 1.99 to 23.48), and left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) 40%. Independent predictors of cardiac death, AMI, or hospitalization for unstable angina, congestive heart failure, or revascularization were a history of prior AMI (RR = 2.24, CI 1.11 to 4.50) and LVEF
A DFT investigation of anthocyanidins

Abstract A theoretical analysis of anthocyanidins, a class of natural plant pigments, has been conducted using density functional theory at the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level. It is found that these compounds are non-planar, with the 2-phenyl ring twisted relative to the benzopyrylium rings. TD-DFT calculations reveal a first excited state dominated by two orbital transitions, including the HOMO–LUMO transition. From a comparison of these molecular orbitals with those of related compounds, and from the known chemistry of these compounds, it is suggested that anthocyanidins should be regarded as natural, stable carbocations.
Quantifying Stream Substrate for Habitat Analysis Studies

(1985). Quantifying Stream Substrate for Habitat Analysis Studies. North American Journal of Fisheries Management: Vol. 5, No. 3B, pp. 499-500.
Incorporation of tritium-labeled thymidine and lysine into chromosomes of cultured human leukocytes.

The incorporation of thymidine-H3 and lysine-H3 into human leukocyte chromosomes was studied in order to determine the temporal relationships between the syntheses of chromosomal deoxyribonucleic acid and chromosomal protein. The labeled compounds were incorporated into nuclei of interphase cells. Label from both precursors became apparent over the chromosomes of dividing cells. Incorporation of thymidine-H3 occurred during a restricted period of midinterphase (S) which was preceded by a nonsynthetic period (G1) and followed by a nonsynthetic period (G2). Incorporation of lysine-H3 into chromosomal protein occurred throughout interphase. Grain counts made over chromosomes of dividing cells revealed that the rate of incorporation of lysine-H3 into chromosomal protein differed during various periods of interphase. The rate of incorporation was diminished during G1. During early S period the rate of incorporation increased, reaching a peak in late S. The high rate continued into G2. Thymidine-H3 incorporated into DNA was distributed to mitotic chromosomes of daughter cells in a manner which has been referred to as a "semi-conservative segregation." No such semi-conservative mechanism was found to affect the distribution of lysine-H3 to the mitotic chromosomes of daughter cells. Therefore, it is concluded that synthesis of chromosomal protein and its distribution to chromosomes of daughter cells are not directly influenced by synthesis and distribution of the chromosomal DNA with which the protein is associated.
Predicting magnetic amplifier control curves

THE CONTROL CURRENT flowing in a self-saturated magnetic amplifier supplies the magnetomotive force to maintain the specified bias flux density in the core. To predict the output obtained for a given control current the magnetic properties of the core material must be known.
Conformational stability, r0 structural parameters, ab initio calculations, and vibrational assignment for germacyclopentane

Abstract The infrared spectra (3500–50 cm −1 ) of the gas and solid and the Raman spectrum (3200–30 cm −1 ) of liquid germacyclopentane, c -C 4 H 8 GeH 2 , have been recorded. Additionally, the infrared spectra (3200–400 cm −1 ) of liquid xenon solutions have been recorded at −65 and −95 °C. In all of the physical states only the twisted C 2 conformer was detected. The conformational energetics have been calculated with the Moller–Plesset perturbation method to the second order, (MP2(full)) as well as with density functional theory by the B3LYP method utilizing a variety of basis sets up to 6-311G(2d,2p). All of these calculations predict only the twisted conformer as the stable form with an average barrier to planarity of 2756 cm −1 (32.97 kJ/mol) from the MP2 calculations and a significantly lower value of 2128 cm −1 (25.45 kJ/mol) from the DFT calculations with neither calculations being significantly effect by inclusion of diffuse functions. The C s conformer (envelope) has a lower energy of 700 cm −1 (MP2) and 400 cm −1 (B3LYP) than the planar form. Thus, the path between the two identical C 2 conformers is by a pseudorotational motion rather than through the planar form. From the isolated GeH frequency from the GeHD isotopomer the GeH distance was calculated to be 1.532(2) A. By utilizing the previously reported microwave rotational constants for four isotopomers ( 70 Ge, 72 Ge, 73 Ge, 74 Ge) combined with the structural parameters predicted from the MP2(full)/6-311+G(d,p) calculations, adjusted r 0 structural parameters were obtained. The determined heavy atom distances are: r 0 (GeC) = 1.972(5); r 0 (C 2 C 4 ) and (C 3 C 5 ) = 1.541(5); and r 0 (C 4 C 5 ) = 1.533(5) A and the angles in degrees: ∠CGeC = 93.6(5)°; ∠GeCC = 102.6(5)°; ∠CCC = 109.4(5)° with the two dihedral angles ∠GeCCC = −38.4(3)° and ∠CCCC = 53.7(3)°. A complete vibrational assignment is given for the twisted (C 2 ) conformer for the normal species and the GeD 2 isotopomer which are supported by normal coordinate calculations with scaled force constants from MP2(full)/6-31G(d) calculations. The results of these spectroscopic and theoretical studies are discussed and compared to the corresponding results for some similar molecules.
Neural correlates of perceptual motion coherence

The motions of overlapping contours in a visual scene may arise from the physical motion(s) of either a single or multiple surface(s). A central problem facing the visual motion system is that of assigning the most likely interpretation. The rules underlying this perceptual decision can be explored using a visual stimulus formed by superimposing two moving gratings. The resultant percept is either that of a single coherently moving 'plaid pattern' (coherent motion) or of the two component gratings sliding noncoherently across one another (noncoherent motion). When plaid patterns are configured to mimic one transparent grating overlying another, the percept of noncoherent motion dominates. We now report that neurons in the visual cortex of rhesus monkeys exhibit changes in direction tuning that parallel this perceptual phenomenon: sensitivity to the motions of the component gratings is enhanced under conditions that favour the perception of noncoherent motion. These results challenge models of cortical visual processing that fail to take into account the contribution of figural image segmentation cues to the analysis of visual motion.
Identification of neurophysin immunoreactivity in hypothalamus by a monoclonal antibody to a carcinoma cell surface antigen.

Mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb) L6 identifies an antigen expressed on the cell surface of many different human carcinomas. While studying the binding activity of mAb L6 to intracerebral tumor xenograf
Synthesis of a novel analog of nalidixic acid: 1‐Ethyl‐1,4‐dihydro‐4‐oxo‐7‐(trifluororaethyl)‐1,8‐naphthyridine‐ 3‐carboxylic acid

Reaction of nalidixic acid (1) with thionyl chloride and subsequent treatment with ethanol gave a mixture of ethyl 1-ethyl-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(trichloromethyl)-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylate (3) and diethyl 1-ethyl-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-1,8-naphthyridine-3,7-dicarboxylate (4). Ethyl1-ethyl-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(trichloromethyl)-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylate (3) was reacted with antimony pentafluoride to afford 1-ethyl-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(trifluoromethyl)-l,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid (5).