cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Introduction to the physics and techniques of remote sensing

This book presents a comprehensive overview of the basics behind remote-sensing physics, techniques, and technology. The physics of wave/matter interactions, techniques of remote sensing across the electromagnetic spectrum, and the concepts behind remote sensing techniques now established and future ones under development are discussed. Applications of remote sensing are described for a wide variety of earth and planetary atmosphere and surface sciences. Solid surface sensing across the electromagnetic spectrum, ocean surface sensing, basic principles of atmospheric sensing and radiative transfer, and atmospheric remote sensing in the microwave, millimeter, submillimeter, and infrared regions are examined.
Examination of a dicationic rhodium methyl aquo complex

Abstract A cationic rhodium aquo methyl complex, [Rh(bpy)(CH 3 )(H 2 O) 3 ] 2+ ·2[BF 4 ] − , was prepared and examined for activity related to the Shilov Pt II system, specifically the formation of methanol. Instead, the complex exhibited interesting behavior under basic conditions, with rare double “rollover” metalation of the coordinated bipyridine ligand and deuterium incorporation into the rhodium methyl group.
ER export: More than one way out

Protein export from the ER is mediated by COPII vesicles. Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked proteins seem to be segregated from other cargo proteins during ER export, suggesting that ER membranes produce more than one type of vesicle.
Circuit diagnosis and Thevenin equivalents

Roytman and Swamy have used the properties of orthonormal excitations to establish one method of circuit diagnosis. In this letter the method is extended to determine the driving-point or Thevenin equivalent impedance for each node pair.
Refining Ammonia Treatments for Control of Prymnesium parvum in Striped Bass Fingerling Production Ponds

Abstract Texas state fish hatcheries use un-ionized ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) treatments of 0.14–0.25 mg/L to control Prymnesium parvum in production ponds for phase-1 Striped Bass Morone saxatilis based on a published ammonia tolerance for 4- to 6-d-old Sunshine Bass (female White Bass M. chrysops × male Striped Bass M. saxatilis). Because fingerling production has been inconsistent and the treatments require frequent reapplications to maintain control of P. parvum, we conducted this study to answer two questions: (1) are the treatments developed for Sunshine Bass appropriate for Striped Bass culture, and (2) can the maximum treatments be increased as the fish grow. Striped Bass (4, 10, 20, and 28 d old) were exposed to NH3-N concentrations up to 1.2 mg/L for 96 h. Ammonia concentrations and fish mortalities were monitored at 24-h intervals, their relationship modeled using logistic regression, and ammonia concentrations that 90% of the fish survived during the various exposure periods (maximum treatments...
Cat-scratch disease and the role of the domestic cat: vector, reservoir, and victim?

An unidentified coccobacillus has been implicated recently as the agent of Cat-Scratch Disease (CSD) in human beings. Although a history of close contact with a domestic cat is frequently elicited from CSD patients, the exact role of this animal in the epidemiology of the disease remains obscure. Current thinking holds that the cat merely serves as an efficient inoculator of a free-living organism. We believe that the cat is not only an important vector of the CSD bacillus, but it may also serve as the principal reservoir, with the organism occasionally present among the oral flora. Under some circumstances (e.g., immunoincompetency) the CSD bacillus may also infect the lymph nodes of cats, resulting in a disease similar to CSD in human beings.
Teaching psychotherapy skills with a semester-long role play.

One of the most popular types of experiential learning for psychotherapists in training is role play. As a teaching tool, role play has been used in prepracticum (Larson et al., 1999; Woodard, 1999), couples counseling (Shurts et al., 2006), group counseling (Fall & Levitov, 2002), and theories courses (Dollarhide, Smith, & Lemberger, 2007). Further, it is a way for students to learn particular types of skills, such as treatment planning (Osborn, Dean, & Petruzzi, 2004); emotional responsiveness with complex clients (Grant, 2006); assessing crisis scenarios, child maltreatment, and domestic violence (Hodgson, Lamson, & Feldhousen, 2007); broaching sensitive subjects such as culture (Crowe & Villalba, 2012); sexual history and alcohol screening (Haist et al., 2004); and dealing with client resistance (Grossman et al., 2007). Although authors have suggested ways to use role play (Smith, 2009), specific classroom guides have not been offered to those wishing to incorporate this in the classroom. The following brief article offers one model of incorporating a semesterlong role-play assignment for the training of psychotherapy students.
A path planning approach to compute the smallest robust forward invariant sets

Robustness of nonlinear systems can be analyzed by computing robust forward invariant sets (RFIS). The small- est RFIS provides the least conservative estimate of system performance under perturbations. However, computation of the smallest RFIS through brute force search can be a difficult task. We develop a novel algorithm to find the smallest RFIS for two-dimensional systems subjected to bounded additive per- turbations. The algorithm leverages path planning algorithms to produce an approximation of the boundary of the smallest RFIS. The algorithm is mathematically justified, and simulation results are provided showing that the proposed algorithm can be used to find an RFIS that is very close to the smallest RFIS. The amount of computation is effectively reduced. Hence the algorithm may be generalized to higher dimensional systems with generic perturbations. Explicit performance bounds are desirable for robust- ness analysis of nonlinear systems. The methods based on input-to-state stability (ISS) may provide a conservative performance bound. Less conservative bounds on system performance may be obtained using the concept of a robust
The impact of crisis, stabilization and structural adjustment on women in Lima, Peru

Abstract Structural adjustment and stabilization policies have been implemented in various Latin American countries besieged by debt crisis and high inflation. Recent development literature has suggested that the negative effects of such policies are borne disproportionately by the poor of these countries, and more specifically by poor women. Empirical studies are lacking, however, and the connection between the crises and women is not always clear. The present study attempts to contribute to the literature on the subject by analyzing the situation of women in Lima, Peru. Using data on the cost of living, poverty levels, unemployment and underemployment, job segregation and discrimination, and female wages relative to male wages, the study tries to analyze whether women have been more negatively affected by the Peruvian crisis and structural adjustment policies than men. The findings do indeed suggest that the economic crisis is severe for all, but that it is particularly harsh on Lima's women.
Gulf of Alaska continental slope morphology: Evidence for recent trough mouth fan formation

Glaciated continental shelves are host to numerous morphologic features that help understand past glacier dynamics. Southeastern Alaska is home to the St. Elias mountains, an active orogen that also hosts temperate marine glaciers. During glacial periods ice streams advance across the continental shelf, carving shelf-crossing troughs that reach the shelf edge. We use high-resolution multibeam data to develop the relationship between the Yakutat and Alsek Sea Valleys and the resulting continental slope morphology. The shelf and slope geomorphology can be divided into statistical groupings that relate to the relative balance of erosion and deposition. Our analysis indicates that only the Yakutat system has been able to build an incipient trough-mouth fan. The extreme sediment supply from this region was able to overwhelm the steep initial topography of the transform margin while further to the east sediment slope-bypass dominates. This analysis provides an extreme end member to existing studies of temperate glaciation along continental margins. The unique interplay between rapid uplift due to ongoing collision and the massive erosion caused by temperate glaciers provides for sedimentary flux far above most other systems.
Treponema denticola immunoinhibitory protein induces irreversible G1 arrest in activated human lymphocytes.

Oral spirochetes may contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of disorders including periodontal and periradicular diseases; however, the mechanism (s) by which these organisms act to cause disease is unknown. We have previously shown that extracts of the oral spirochete, Treponema denticola, contain an immunosuppressive protein (Sip) which impairs human lymphocyte proliferation. The objective of this study was to determine the mechanism by which Sip alters the proliferative response of lymphocytes. Human T-cells were activated by PHA in the presence or absence of Sip and cell cycle progression was assessed by flow cytometry. Cell cycle distribution was based upon DNA, RNA and protein content as well as expression of the activation markers; CD69 and IL-2R. Seventy-two hours following activation with PHA, cells were found in the Go, G 1 , S and G 2 /M phases of the cell cycle. In contrast, pretreatment with Sip resulted in a significant reduction of cells in the S and G 2 /M phases and a concomitant increase in the G 1 phase. Sip did not alter the expression of the early activation markers CD69 and CD25R. To determine if G 1 arrest resulted in activation of the checkpoint and cell death, we also monitored Sip-treated cells for apoptosis. Indeed, treatment with Sip resulted in both DNA fragmentation and caspase activation after 96 h. Our results indicate that Sip induces G 1 arrest in human T-cells and, furthermore, that the arrest is irreversible, culminating in activation of the apoptotic cascade. We propose that if cell cycle arrest occurs in vivo, it may result in local and/or systemic immunosuppression and thereby enhance the pathogenicity of spirochetes and/or that of other opportunistic organisms.
RAD50 Is Required for Efficient Initiation of Resection and Recombinational Repair at Random, γ-Induced Double-Strand Break Ends

Resection of DNA double-strand break (DSB) ends is generally considered a critical determinant in pathways of DSB repair and genome stability. Unlike for enzymatically induced site-specific DSBs, little is known about processing of random “dirty-ended” DSBs created by DNA damaging agents such as ionizing radiation. Here we present a novel system for monitoring early events in the repair of random DSBs, based on our finding that single-strand tails generated by resection at the ends of large molecules in budding yeast decreases mobility during pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). We utilized this “PFGE-shift” to follow the fate of both ends of linear molecules generated by a single random DSB in circular chromosomes. Within 10 min after γ-irradiation of G2/M arrested WT cells, there is a near-synchronous PFGE-shift of the linearized circular molecules, corresponding to resection of a few hundred bases. Resection at the radiation-induced DSBs continues so that by the time of significant repair of DSBs at 1 hr there is about 1–2 kb resection per DSB end. The PFGE-shift is comparable in WT and recombination-defective rad52 and rad51 strains but somewhat delayed in exo1 mutants. However, in rad50 and mre11 null mutants the initiation and generation of resected ends at radiation-induced DSB ends is greatly reduced in G2/M. Thus, the Rad50/Mre11/Xrs2 complex is responsible for rapid processing of most damaged ends into substrates that subsequently undergo recombinational repair. A similar requirement was found for RAD50 in asynchronously growing cells. Among the few molecules exhibiting shift in the rad50 mutant, the residual resection is consistent with resection at only one of the DSB ends. Surprisingly, within 1 hr after irradiation, double-length linear molecules are detected in the WT and rad50, but not in rad52, strains that are likely due to crossovers that are largely resection- and RAD50-independent.
Using Sales Management Students to Manage Professional Selling Students in an Innovative Active Learning Project.

This paper describes an application of active learning within two different courses: professional selling and sales management. Students assumed the roles of sales representatives and sales managers for an actual fund-raiser—a golf outing—sponsored by a student chapter of the American Marketing Association. The sales project encompassed an entire 16-week semester and required the participation of two faculty members since the two courses must be taught simultaneously in terms of days and times. Six weeks were spent in the classroom combining lectures and applied learning exercises, followed by nine weeks of real-world learning, then ending with a final week of feedback and assessment. Student evaluations of both courses were higher than when more traditional (less active) teaching methods were used.
Research and development report: Production of fine particulate ultra high molecular weight poly(ethylene) for biological response studies

Interest in biological responses to particulate biomaterials has produced a need for well-characterized submicron ultra high molecular weight poly(ethylene) (UHMWPE) debris. A new technique, cryogenic attrition, is described as well as a characterization of an initial ca. 65% submicron preparation of UHMWPE, termed grind S. Production of submicron particles from a common commercial medical grade of primary UHMWPE “grain” produces fractions with different densities, apparently reflecting the presence of crystalline and amorphous phases. Further process optimization and debris characterization is planned with eventual distribution of material as an interlaboratory comparison material for biological response experiments.
Polarized laser retroreflectance

Retroreflection by a rough surface is defined as a brightness increase of the surface as the source-surface- observer angle is decreased to exactly zero degrees. The retroreflectance peaking has been acknowledged to be caused in two ways: (1) geometrically, by interparticulate shadowing, or (2) by physical interference caused be weak field localization of temporally and spatially coherent incident radiation scattered by surface edges or asperities. The distinction between the two is suggested as occurring when the correlation widths of the surface edges and asperities are on the order of or less than the coherence length of the incident wavelength. Anomalous unexplained repeatable polarized multiple retro-peaking occurs for many surfaces, adjacent to the main retroreflection peak. To test the applicability of the two theories of retroreflectance, direct and cross polarization data are presented on 18 substances in various configurations at high and low spatial resolution using a HeNe laser at 0.6328 micrometers wavelength. Depolarization of the incident coherent radiation is a significant factor to characterize the retroreflection phenomenology.
Analysis of case-control/family sampling design

A commonly adopted design in genetic epidemiologic studies is the so-called case-control/family sampling design. Here, cases and controls are sampled and response variables, either quantitative or qualitative, for relatives of cases are contrasted with those of control relatives. This design can be used to examine familial aggregation, contribute to identification of genetic subtypes, and test the discrete versus continuous spectrum hypothesis for disorders of unknown etiology. However, the statistical independence assumption required by conventional case-control studies is violated for observations from related individuals who share the same genetic/environmental conditions. Consequently, ignoring dependence among related subjects will lead to incorrect sample size calculations and potentially erratic scientific conclusions. In this paper, we discuss several statistical issues that are relevant to the case-control/family sampling design with a focus on the use of this design in psychiatric research. Specifically, we 1) discuss the relative merit of matched versus unmatched designs; 2) present statistical methods that are useful for analyzing family data and 3) present sample size formulas for studies of quantitative and qualitative traits. A genetic epidemiologic study of schizophrenia is used for illustrative purposes.
Absorption coefficient measurements of particle-laden filters using laser heating: Validation with nigrosin

Abstract A laser-heating technique, referred as the laser-driven thermal reactor, was used in conjunction with laser transmissivity measurements to determine the absorption coefficient of particle-laden substrates (e.g., quartz-fiber filters). The novelty of this approach is that it analyzes a wide variety of specific samples (not just filtered samples) and overcomes measurement issues (e.g., absorption enhancement) associated with other filter-based particle absorption techniques. The absorption coefficient was determined for nigrosin-laden, quartz-fiber filters and the effect of the filter on the absorption measurements was estimated when compared to the isolated nigrosin results. The isolated nigrosin absorption coefficient compared favorably with Lorenz–Mie calculations for an idealized polydispersion of spherical particles (based on a measured nigronsin/de-ionized water suspension size distribution) dispersed throughout a volume equivalent to that of the nigrosin-laden filter. To validate the approach, the absorption coefficient of a nigrosin/de-ionized water suspension was in good agreement with results obtained from an ultraviolet/visible spectrometer. In addition, the estimated imaginary part of the refractive index from the Lorenz–Mie calculations compared well with literature values and was used to estimate the absorption coefficient of optically opaque packed nigrosin.
Selected ion flow tube studies of S2+ reactions with a series of organic molecules

Abstract A selected ion flow tube (SIFT) has been used to study the reactions of S2+ with a series of organic molecules (as well as H2, CO, NH3, NO and NO2). These include the hydrocarbons, C2H4, C2H6, CH2CCH2, CH3CHCH2 and C3H8; alcohols and thiols, CH3OH, C2H5OH, CH3SH and C2H5SH; ethers (CH3)2O and (C2H5)2O; aldehydes and ketones, CH3CHO, C2H5CHO and (CH3)2CO; and carboxylic acids and esters, HCO2H, HCO2CH3, HCO2C2H5, CH3CO2H, CH3CO2CH3, CH3CO2C2H5, C2H5CO2H, C2H5CO2CH3 and C2H5CO2C2H5. The rate coefficients are generally close to the collisional values, with exceptions among the reactions involving the smaller molecules. Most prevalent are abstraction reactions leading to formation of the thiosulfeno radical, HS2, or its protonated form; three-body associations; and channels leading to formation of the acetyl and propionyl cations, CH3CO+ and C2H5CO+, respectively. Only in reactions involving the alkenes is cleavage of the SS bond of S2+ observed. The isomeric molecules in the data set generally react very differently, as would be expected from reactivity controlled by the position and complexity of the functional groups. The data are discussed in terms of reaction mechanisms, thermodynamics, and implications for interstellar chemistry.
Management of portal venous complications after liver transplantation

The postoperative vascular complications following liver transplantation, specifically portal venous complications, have been well documented. These complications, which include portal venous stenosis and thrombosis, can be potentially devastating and lead to graft failure. The interventional techniques in managing these complications are relatively new and have been developed only in the past 15 to 20 years. Additionally with the increasing numbers of split liver and living related transplants that are being performed, so has the incidence of portal venous complications increased. This article is a review of the current interventional techniques used in managing portal venous complications in the posttransplant patient. The topics covered include portal vein angioplasty, stenting, and thrombolysis with a description of the variety of techniques used to perform these procedures. The review also covers management of portal hypertension by creating a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS).
Dewar design for temperature tuned SHG

We report a design for a wide temperature range dewar for SHG applications. This Dewar has been used for ADP, ADA, and RDP crystals. We include a schematic for a simple proportional temperature controller.
ADAP interactions with talin and kindlin promote platelet integrin αIIbβ3 activation and stable fibrinogen binding.

ADAP is a hematopoietic-restricted adapter protein that promotes integrin activation and is a carrier for other adapter proteins, Src kinase–associated phosphoprotein 1 (SKAP1) and SKAP2. In T lymphocytes, SKAP1 is the ADAP-associated molecule that activates integrins through direct linkages with Rap1 effectors (regulator of cell adhesion and polarization enriched in lymphoid tissues; Rap1-interacting adapter molecule). ADAP also promotes integrin αIIbβ3 activation in platelets, which lack SKAP1, suggesting an ADAP integrin–regulatory pathway different from those in lymphocytes. Here we characterized a novel association between ADAP and 2 essential integrin-β cytoplasmic tail-binding proteins involved in αIIbβ3 activation, talin and kindlin-3. Glutathione S-transferase pull-downs identified distinct regions in ADAP necessary for association with kindlin or talin. ADAP was physically proximal to talin and kindlin-3 in human platelets, as assessed biochemically, and by immunofluorescence microscopy and proximity ligation. Relative to wild-type mouse platelets, ADAP-deficient platelets exhibited reduced co-localization of talin with αIIbβ3, and reduced irreversible fibrinogen binding in response to a protease activated receptor 4 (PAR4) thrombin receptor agonist. When ADAP was heterologously expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells co-expressing αIIbβ3, talin, PAR1, and kindlin-3, it associated with an αIIbβ3/talin complex and enabled kindlin-3 to promote agonist-dependent ligand binding to αIIbβ3. Thus, ADAP uniquely promotes activation of and irreversible fibrinogen binding to platelet αIIbβ3 through interactions with talin and kindlin-3.
The Effect of Wearing a Wrist Splint on Shoulder Kinematics During Object Manipulation

Abstract Mell AG, Childress BL, Hughes RE. The effect of wearing a wrist splint on shoulder kinematics during object manipulation. Objectives To test the hypotheses that (1) wearing a flexible wrist splint while taking an object from a box increases known postural risk factors for shoulder disorders and (2) that the height of the front of the box modulates the effect on shoulder kinematics of wearing a wrist splint. Design A controlled laboratory experiment with 2 factors (splint wearing, box height). Setting Human performance laboratory. Participants Ten consecutive healthy volunteers (5 men, 5 women; age range, 19–32y). Interventions Experimental manipulation of wrist immobilization and box height. Main Outcome Measures Humeral plane of elevation, humeral elevation, and humeral axial rotation. Results Wearing a wrist splint increased the maximum humeral elevation angle ( P P Conclusions Wearing a wrist splint while performing a job that requires removing objects from a box can increase risk factors for shoulder disorders. Workplace analysis should be performed to avoid secondary injuries before a patient wearing a wrist splint returns to work.
THE LITHIUM-7 NUCLEUS

OBSERVATIONS by Rose and Wilson1 in the reaction 10B(n,α′)7*Li(γ)7Li and by Littauer2 in 7Li(p,p′) 7*Li(γ)7Li have shown that the 480-keV. gamma ray is emitted isotropically in these reactions. In the former experiment the yield of radiation was measured relative to the direction of emission of the short-range alpha particle. In the latter case it was determined with respect to the incident proton. These observations constitute strong evidence that the spin of the 480-keV. state is ½, although in both cases the lack of a correlation could arise from other special circumstances. Accordingly, we have looked for a correlation between the short-range proton and the gamma-ray in the 6Li(d,p′)7*Li(γ)7Li reaction.
An ER export signal accelerates the surface expression of shal potassium channels in pyloric neurons of the lobster stomatogastric ganglion

The shal gene encoding the transient potassium current, IA, plays important roles in shaping the firing properties of neurons in the pyloric network in the stomatogastric ganglion (STG) of the spiny lobster, Panulirus interruptus. However, when we overexpressed the shal protein in pyloric dilator (PD) neurons, the effect of increased IA was compensated by a parallel upregulation of the hyperpolarization activated inward current (Ih). In an attempt to temporally separate the overexpression of shal from the compensatory up-regulation of Ih channels, we inserted an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) export signal sequence, FCYENE, into the shal gene. This signal sequence accelerated the surface expression of shal protein in Xenopus oocytes and PD neurons. However, the accelerated expression of shal still did not alter the firing properties of the injected neuron, suggesting that the compensatory upregulation of Ih occurs simultaneously with the upregulation of IA.
Medulloblastoma and Collins' law: a critical review of the concept of a period of risk for tumor recurrence and patient survival.

Collins' law (CL) states that the period of risk for recurrence for a tumor is the age of the patient plus 9 months. Originally a clinical observation in Wilms' tumor, CL has been applied to other tumors such as medulloblastoma (MB). Although CL does not apply to all childhood tumors, it seems to be a valid observation for childhood MB, despite several reports of violations or exceptions to CL in the literature. We sought to test CL in a large population of children with MB from the Childhood Brain Fumor Consortium (CBFC). We analyzed data from 602 children with MB, of whom 421 died and 181 were censored but alive at the last follow-up. We found 16 additional CL exceptions to supplement the 22 already present in the literature. This is both the greatest number of exceptions and the largest MB study population for CL reported to date. We provide clinical data on our 16 uncensored exceptions to CL and critically review those 22 cases cited previously in the literature. All of the CBTC exceptions were under 6 years of age at the time of initial diagnosis and were followed for an average of 7.5 years. All 16 CBTC exceptions died. Children older than 8 years of age could not be followed for a sufficient period of time to be able to state whether CL applies; as age at initial diagnosis increases, the period of observation required to determine CL validity becomes impractically long. Exceptions to CL are rare and amounted to 3.8% of 405 uncensored CBTC patients who died. Some exceptions to a clinical observation are always expected, but application of CL to children below the age of 8 years seems to be a useful predictor of survival in childhood MB
A Method for Generating Simulated Plasmodes and Artificial Test Clusters with User-Defined Shape, Size, and Orientation.

We present a simple method for generating simulated plasmodes and artificial test clusters with user-defined shape, size, and orientation. Our method differs from other cluster generation techniques in that it focuses on the validity of the cluster indicators. For J clusters, indicator validity is defined as the squared correlation ratio between the cluster indicator (i.e., the observed variable) and J-1 dummy variables. The within-cluster correlation structure and the univariate distributions of the cluster indicators are specified with procedures outlined by Fleishman (1978) and Vale and Maurelli (1983). Simulation results illustrate the utility of the method for cluster analysis evaluation research.
A Transparent View into Hedge Fund Portfolios

Faced with the challenge of minimal disclosure, investors in hedge funds seek alternatives to increase transparency in order to better manage the risk and return profile of their portfolio. In this article, the author explores the possibility of extracting additional insight from investor risk reports relevant to each fund. The author follows a bottom-up approach by constructing a replicating portfolio from building blocks that are either listed instruments or synthetic positions. Findings indicate that even limited transparency can accurately capture the risk characteristics of each fund and to a certain extent, their return profile, revealing key metrics at granular levels. When viewing results at the portfolio level, consisting of just six funds, the level of accuracy becomes particularly high.
Large multiple transmembrane domain fragments of a G protein-coupled receptor: biosynthesis, purification, and biophysical studies.

To conduct biophyiscal analyses on large domains of GPCRs, multi-milligram quantities of highly homogeneous proteins are necessary. This communication discusses the biosynthesis of 4 transmembrane and 5 transmembrane-containing fragments of Ste2p, a GPCR recognizing the Saccharomyces cerevisiae tridecapeptide pheromone α-factor. The target fragments contained the predicted four N-terminal Ste2p[G31-A198] (4TMN), four C-terminal Ste2p[T155-L340] (4TMC) or five C-terminal Ste2p[I120-L340] (5TMC) transmembrane segments of Ste2p. 4TMN was expressed as a fusion protein using a modified pMMHa vector in L-arabinose-induced Escherichia coli BL21-AI, and cleaved with cyanogen bromide. 4TMC and 5TMC were obtained by direct expression using a pET21a vector in IPTG-induced Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) cells. 4TMC and 5TMC were biosynthesized on a preparative scale, isolated in multi-milligram amounts, characterized by MS and investigated by biophysical methods. CD spectroscopy indicated the expected highly α-helical content for 4TMC and 5TMC in membrane mimetic environments. Tryptophan fluorescence showed that 5TMC integrated into the nonpolar region of 1-stearoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1′-rac-glycerol) micelles. HSQC-TROSY investigations revealed that [15N]-labeled 5TMC in 50% trifluoroethanol-d2/H2O/0.05% trifluoroacetic acid was stable enough to conduct long multidimensional NMR measurements. The entire Ste2p GPCR was not readily reconstituted from the first two and last five or first three and last four transmembrane domains.
A microgenetic model of paragrammatisms produced by a schizophrenic speaker

Abstract A series of papers appearing in Brain and Language ask whether schizophrenic language irregularities can be understood in linguistic terms. This literature is reviewed and the contrary positions of different authors are highlighted. The clinical presentation of a schizophrenic male is described. In a single interview he produced a set of paragrammatical errors which are noteworthy insofar as they indicate sustained epochs of diminished expressivity. In this sense, they differ from schizophasic deviance, which is described by Lecours and Vanier-Clement ( Brain and Language , 3, 516–565, 1976) as an enhanced expressivity cooccurring with intact language competence. They are also partially decodable, which distinguishes them from the schizophrenic segments discussed by Chaika. Analyses of the paragrammatisms indicate disruptions at three discrete representational levels. One involves the formation of abstract speaker intentions, while the second organizes syntagms into some serial form, and the third level takes content words belonging to a particular syntagm and positions them in a syntactic frame. A microgenic model of these representational planes is proposed that is based on the theoretical perspective of Brown, as well as Garrett's investigations of normal speech errors. The model is justified insofar as the paragrammatisms indicate “linguistic regressions” back to more “thought-like” linguistic representations. Moreover, a recapitulation of specific linguistic mappings is demonstrated to occur between processing levels. This microgenetic model represents an extension of previous work in aphasiology insofar as it targets combinatorial rather than selectional processes as primary planes of disruption.
Preliminary evidence that cholesterol improves growth and feed intake of soybean meal-based diets in aquaria studies with juvenile channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus

Two feeding trials were conducted in aquaria to examine the effects of dietary soybean meal (SBM), purified soybean saponin and supplemental cholesterol concentrations on growth responses of channel catfish. In the first experiment, five dietary treatments were formulated to contain either 0%, 13.9%, 27.7%, 41.6% or 55.5% SBM which was added to the diets at the expense of soy protein concentrate (SPC) on an isonitrogenous basis. Each diet was fed to apparent satiation twice daily to triplicate groups of fish initially weighing 7.0 g/fish. At the end of the 8-week feeding trial, weight gain and feed intake (FI) in fish fed diets containing 0% or 13.9% SBM were significantly higher than in fish fed diets containing 27.7%, 41.6% or 55.5% SBM. Fish fed 27.7% dietary SBM exhibited significantly higher weight gain and feed intake compared with fish fed 41.6% or 55.5% dietary SBM. No significant differences were detected in feed efficiency (FE) or survival among fish fed any of the dietary treatments. In the second experiment, five dietary treatments were formulated to contain various concentrations of SBM (0% and 55.5%), supplemental cholesterol (0% and 1.0%) and purified soybean saponin (0% and 0.26%) to determine whether cholesterol could alleviate the deleterious effects of high dietary SBM concentrations. Each diet was fed to apparent satiation twice daily to triplicate groups of channel catfish initially weighing 9.7 g/fish. At the end of the 8-week feeding trial, weight gain, FI and FE were not significantly different between fish fed the purified control diet and fish fed the SBM-based diet (55.5% SBM) supplemented with 1.0% cholesterol. Fish fed the SBM-based diet containing 1.0% supplemental cholesterol exhibited significantly higher growth rate and FI compared with fish fed the SBM-based diet containing no supplemental cholesterol. Weight gain and FI in fish fed the diets containing purified soybean saponin were not significantly different than in fish fed the purified control diet, indicating that soy saponin was not responsible for reduced feed consumption in fish fed high dietary SBM concentrations. Results of this research indicated that 1.0% supplemental cholesterol may improve growth responses in juvenile channel catfish fed SBM-based diets and that soybean saponin was not responsible for reduced FI in fish fed high dietary SBM concentrations.
Assessment of perioperative cardiac risk of patients undergoing noncardiac surgery using coronary computed tomographic angiography.

Background— The appropriate indication for coronary computed tomographic angiography (CTA) as a part of preoperative evaluation has not been defined yet. We investigated the value of coronary CTA in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. Methods and Results— We included 844 patients (median age, 67 years; male sex, 62%) who underwent coronary CTA for screening of coronary artery disease before noncardiac surgery. Clinically determined revised cardiac risk index were compared with the extent and severity of coronary artery disease assessed by coronary CTA. Perioperative major cardiac event (PMCE), defined as cardiac death, myocardial infarction, or pulmonary edema within postoperative 30 days, developed in 25 patients (3.0%). Significant coronary CTA finding was defined as >3 any lesions with ≥1 (diameter stenosis ≥70%) stenosis based on the relationship between the severity of coronary artery disease and PMCE risk. The risk of PMCE was 14.0% in patients with significant CTA findings, whereas 2.2% of patients without significant CTA findings regardless of revised cardiac risk index score. The predictive performance of revised cardiac risk index could be improved significantly after addition of significant coronary CTA findings (c-statistics=0.631 versus 0.757; net reclassification improvement=0.923; integrated discrimination improvement=0.051). On the basis of revised cardiac risk index and coronary CTA, the risk of PMCE could be estimated with sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 76%, 73%, 8%, and 99%, respectively. Conclusions— Addition of coronary CTA to clinical risk improved perioperative risk stratification. Absence of significant coronary CTA findings conferred low PMCE risk with high specificity and negative predictive value regardless of clinical risk. Coronary CTA may improve perioperative risk stratification in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery.
Pulmonary Immune Effector Cells: II. Antigen-Specific Blastogenic Responsiveness of Lymphocyte Populations during Pulmonary Immune Complex Disease in Guinea Pigs

A guinea pig pulmonary immune complex disease was used to evaluate local antigen (ovalbumin)-specific lymphoproliferative responses in lung tissue, broncho alveolar spaces, and hilar lymph nodes (HLN) at various time intervals after challenge. The responses of lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lymphocytes appear to be mediated by T cells, whereas the response of HLN lymphocytes was mediated by B and/or T cells, depending on the stage of the disease. The blastogenic response of HLN lymphocytes to concanavalin A was much greater than that observed in lung tissue or bronchoalveolar lymphocyte preparations, even after the removal of adherent cells, suggesting a possible inherent difference between these cell populations in their response to mitogen. This study demonstrates that lung tissue, bronchoalveolar, and HLN lymphocytes are not only capable of responding blastogenically to specific antigen, but that this responsiveness varies throughout the course of the disease. The lymphoproliferative responses and con...
Mind-Sets Matter: A Meta-Analytic Review of Implicit Theories and Self-Regulation.

This review builds on self-control theory (Carver & Scheier, 1998) to develop a theoretical framework for investigating associations of implicit theories with self-regulation. This framework conceptualizes self-regulation in terms of 3 crucial processes: goal setting, goal operating, and goal monitoring. In this meta-analysis, we included articles that reported a quantifiable assessment of implicit theories and at least 1 self-regulatory process or outcome. With a random effects approach used, meta-analytic results (total unique N = 28,217; k = 113) across diverse achievement domains (68% academic) and populations (age range = 5-42; 10 different nationalities; 58% from United States; 44% female) demonstrated that implicit theories predict distinct self-regulatory processes, which, in turn, predict goal achievement. Incremental theories, which, in contrast to entity theories, are characterized by the belief that human attributes are malleable rather than fixed, significantly predicted goal setting (performance goals, r = -.151; learning goals, r = .187), goal operating (helpless-oriented strategies, r = -.238; mastery-oriented strategies, r = .227), and goal monitoring (negative emotions, r = -.233; expectations, r = .157). The effects for goal setting and goal operating were stronger in the presence (vs. absence) of ego threats such as failure feedback. Discussion emphasizes how the present theoretical analysis merges an implicit theory perspective with self-control theory to advance scholarship and unlock major new directions for basic and applied research.
Coronary sinus shocking lead as salvage in patients with advanced CHF and high defibrillation thresholds.

Background: We report a series of three patients whose implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICD) implants were unsuccessful due to inability to achieve defibrillation thresholds (DFT) at maximum available energy after failure of standard modification and enhancement procedures. All patients had advanced cardiomyopathy. Methods: Use of the coronary sinus (CS) for left ventricular (LV) shocking electrode placement resulted in acceptable DFTs in each patient. The position of the shocking coil in all three patients was posterior, and in two patients alongside a left ventricular CS pacing lead. The best shocking configuration tested was LV (CS) + CAN (Anode) to RV (cathode) in each patient. The short- and long-term outcomes of these patients is presented and discussed. Conclusion: This approach is suggested as a salvage option for those problematic patients who have unacceptable DFT results at implantation of an endovascular ICD system. (PACE 2010; 967–972)
Long-term fate of the bladder after isolated bladder neck procedure.

Abstract Objective Recent and historical studies suggest that bladder neck procedures (BNPs) without augmentation are safe and effective. In select patients we have performed BNPs without concomitant augmentation. We sought to determine long-term outcomes of this approach and attempt to identify risk factors for bladder deterioration. Patients and methods A retrospective chart review was conducted to identify patients who underwent a BNP without bladder augmentation and followed for at least 4 years. BNPs were only performed in patients with favorable preoperative urodynamics (UDS). The charts were analyzed for long-term outcomes with the primary endpoint of bladder augmentation. Results Twenty-nine patients (21 females) with poor bladder outlet resistance underwent a BNP without augmentation (mean follow-up 8 years). Thirteen patients (45%) were augmented at an average of 2.6 years. No predictive UDS parameters were identified; however, exploratory analysis suggested detrusor pressure at 100 mL bladder volume prior to BNP ( p = 0.009) was predictive of delayed augmentation. Conclusion We report a 45% augmentation rate after isolated BNP in patients with favorable preoperative UDS parameters. We recommend close observation of this patient population with serial UDS, routine ultrasounds, and appropriate preoperative counseling prior to undertaking this approach, as this represents a life-long risk to the upper tracts.
Integrate ISV Applications with SaaS Offerings on Cloud

Opening up a SaaS based cloud application for interactions with partners is an important aspect of Cloud Computing. This is a win-win situation for both: the Cloud Service Providers (CSP) and the integration partners aka Independent Service Vendors (ISV). The intention is to use the Cloud Application as a platform and try to create a partner eco-system around the platform. The CSPs can select companies or solutions that add high business value to the platform in turn increasing value of partnering solutions. Bringing these partners on-board is a lengthy process that usually involves administrators and/or Customer Service Representatives (CSR) making multiple changes at multiple places. This paper discusses all aspects of Partner offering management including steps and possible tools to make this process a self-serviced one. Catalog management - Offering management deals with adding a new partner application to the Cloud Service Provider''s catalog (provisioning) and then to all the aspects of Catalog management. Catalog management includes adding/deleting/importing/exporting offerings, managing offering related attributes, managing access controls etc. Once the new service is provisioned, it becomes available to customers of Service Providers. This paper discusses offering management and its various aspects in detail. Platform integration points - The partner application admins need to provide access points for their applications in from multiple places in Cloud Service Provider''s application like menu items, navigational elements, banners, footers etc. These access points may then be globally visible or have limited visibility to users by organization. We will discuss a Menu Item management service which helps integrate partner applications at various integration points by providing the necessary APIs. We will also describe how custom menu items can be created by an Organization Admin to launch vendor applications. Handshake between partner application and CSP offering: The handshake allows partner application and Cloud service Provider''s offering to work together. There must be a licensing agreement between these two applications to access each other''s data and services. A range of solutions can be used for this purpose, starting from a simple authentication mechanism to Oauth.
L-Domain Flanking Sequences Are Important for Host Interactions and Efficient Budding of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Recombinants

Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) possesses a PPPY and a PSAP motif within the matrix (M) protein. The PPPY motif has significant L-domain activity in BHK-21 cells, whereas the PSAP motif does not. Since the core PSAP motif alone is insufficient to provide L-domain activity, we modified upstream or downstream amino acids flanking the PSAP core motif to determine their effect on L-domain activity. VSV recombinants were recovered that contained single or multiple amino acid mutations in upstream or downstream sequences flanking the PSAP core. Recombinant viruses were examined for growth kinetics, budding efficiency, and functional interactions with host proteins. We demonstrate that the composition of amino acids surrounding the L-domain core motifs are critical for efficient L-domain activity and for interactions with host proteins in the context of a VSV infection.
The Modern Expansion of Tort Liability: Its Sources, Its Effects, and Its Reform

This paper reviews the development of tort law during the 20th century with particular attention to the broad expansion of liability since the 1970s. It attempts to explain the origins of the expansion of liability; to present examples of its effects on product and service markets; and to analyze the extensive efforts of the past five to six years toward liability reform, efforts which I conclude have had only a slight relationship to the underlying sources of modern liability problems. Though the empirical evidence is thin, virtually all studies of the effects of specific modern rules demonstrate that modern tort law has substantially dislocated product and service markets, as one might expect of an assertive legal regime founded on largely noneconomic principles. As we shall see, market dislocations, especially for insurance, have increased sharply during the past decade.
Cutaneous Manifestations of Toxoplasmosis

Toxoplasmosis is a common, largely asymptomatic infection. Early reports of acquired disease noted frequent dermatologic manifestations, whereas recent reviews of toxoplasmosis stress the lymphadenopathic presentation of the disease. We report the case of a patient with acute toxoplasmosis associated with a prominent macular and papular rash involving the palms and soles. We have reviewed the literature on dermatologic manifestations of acute acquired toxoplasmosis to underscore the importance of considering toxoplasmosis in the differential diagnosis of febrile illnesses with varied dermatologic presentations.
Building Scalable Data Centers with Silicon-Photonic Enabled Data Movement

In this paper we explore the impact of silicon photonic interconnects on the system level performance using an integrated software environment that uniquely couples models of the physical link, network, and application layers. Article not available.