cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Family Characteristics in Sex Communication and Social Support: Implications for Emerging Adult Men Who Have Sex with Men’s PrEP Engagement

While emerging adulthood (ages 18–25) is marked by increased independence from parents, parental support remains a strong correlate of positive sexual health outcomes for heterosexual youth. With the emergence of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), few studies have examined the potential for parent–child sex communication and PrEP adoption among emerging adult men who have sex with men (MSM). We aimed to describe the extent to which parents/family characteristics play supportive roles in emerging adult MSM’s current PrEP use. PrEP-indicated participants (N = 222) were recruited via social media to complete an online survey. Multivariable logistic regression assessed associations between emerging adult MSM’s current PrEP use and comfort with parent–child sex communication, family social support, family outness, and family prioritization, adjusted for sociodemographic variables. Thirty percent of participants reported current PrEP use. Only 20% reported moderate/high comfort with parent sex communication, 80% reported any family sexual identity disclosure, 70% reported moderate/high family social support, and 70% ranked family as a high/very high priority. Our multivariable model demonstrated an association between comfort with parent–child sex communication with current PrEP use only (AOR= 1.55, 95% CI 1.04–2.32). Our findings support that parents of emerging adult MSM possess a critical potential to reduce their sons’ risk of HIV and promote PrEP uptake. Interventions that facilitate parents’ efficacy to foster affirming, non-judgmental environments and discussions about their child’s sexual behaviors, attractions/relationships, and health (e.g., PrEP) may be impactful in reducing the high HIV incidence rate that burdens emerging adult MSM.
Prophylactic external beam radiation therapy for keloid prevention in thyroid surgery patients

Background Poor cosmesis, secondary to keloid or hypertrophic scar, following thyroid surgery may cause considerable patient distress and be a significant challenge to treat. In this case series we examined the efficacy of prophylactic external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) for prevention of keloid formation in keloid-prone patients undergoing thyroid surgery. While much has been published about documenting the efficacy in reducing keloid formation following keloid excision, very little literature exists documenting prophylactic use related to surgeries with the goal of prevent de novo keloid formation. Methods We retrospectively evaluated a series of ten patients, who underwent a prophylactic EBRT for keloid prevention after thyroid surgery between January 2013 and February 2019. Patient demographics, primary diagnosis, surgical procedure, EBRT dosage, and post-operative visit records were reviewed. Results All ten patients who received EBRT for keloid prophylaxis following a thyroid surgery were female. Half of the patients were African Americans, 40% Caucasians, and 10% Hispanic. The mean age was 46.40±15.63 years with BMI of 31.5±5.5 kg/m2. Radiation was initiated within 6 hours of the surgery with an average radiation dose per session of 5.7±1.7 Gy. The total average EBRT dose delivered was 17.4±4.2 Gy. Mean follow-up period was 13 months post-thyroidectomy, with the longest follow-up at 23 months. One patient, who underwent a lateral neck dissection in addition to thyroid surgery, developed hypertrophic scar in less than 10% of her incision length. Nine other patients (90%) showed no post-surgical keloid nor hypertrophic scar formation and patients were satisfied with postsurgical cosmesis. Conclusions We examined the efficacy of prophylactic EBRT in keloid-prone patients undergoing thyroid surgery. Prophylactic EBRT following thyroid surgery is effective in achieving a satisfactory cosmetic outcome in patients at high risk for keloid formation.
Recurrent fibrovascular granulation on PhotoFix® bovine pericardium causing systemic and pulmonary venous obstruction after repair of scimitar syndrome

A young adult with late diagnosis of scimitar syndrome underwent infradiaphragmatic baffling of the scimitar vein to left atrium through an intra-atrial tunnel using PhotoFix® bovine pericardium with recurrent extensive fibrovascular granulation of the patch causing pulmonary and systemic venous obstruction leading to eventual explantation of the bovine pericardium.
Control of a downhole drilling system using an integral Barrier Lyapunov Function based method

Emergence of shale oil & gas and the unconventional wellbore condition motivate an increasing number of studies on analysis and control of the downhole drilling system. Due to complex downhole envi...
Mussel Mass Mortality and the Microbiome: Evidence for Shifts in the Bacterial Microbiome of a Declining Freshwater Bivalve

Freshwater mussels (Unionida) are suffering mass mortality events worldwide, but the causes remain enigmatic. Here, we describe an analysis of bacterial loads, community structure, and inferred metabolic pathways in the hemolymph of pheasantshells (Actinonaias pectorosa) from the Clinch River, USA, during a multi-year mass mortality event. Bacterial loads were approximately 2 logs higher in moribund mussels (cases) than in apparently healthy mussels (controls). Bacterial communities also differed between cases and controls, with fewer sequence variants (SVs) and higher relative abundances of the proteobacteria Yokenella regensburgei and Aeromonas salmonicida in cases than in controls. Inferred bacterial metabolic pathways demonstrated a predominance of degradation, utilization, and assimilation pathways in cases and a predominance of biosynthesis pathways in controls. Only two SVs correlated with Clinch densovirus 1, a virus previously shown to be strongly associated with mortality in this system: Deinococcota and Actinobacteriota, which were associated with densovirus-positive and densovirus-negative mussels, respectively. Overall, our results suggest that bacterial invasion and shifts in the bacterial microbiome during unionid mass mortality events may result from primary insults such as viral infection or environmental stressors. If so, bacterial communities in mussel hemolymph may be sensitive, if generalized, indicators of declining mussel health.
Kant and English Nature Poetry

UNDERLYING THIS PAPER is a methodological issue. I am a student of British poetry, in particular British poetry from Milton in about 1650 to Wordsworth up to about 1830. My study aims to achieve the general intel ligibility that arises from connecting particular poems into a historical nar rative set within a broad cultural context. To create this simultaneously connective and interpretive narrative, I need a language with some special capacities. It has to bring out issues that are perceptibly important to the particular poems I have chosen to write about. It must be applicable with enough consistency over a historical range of poems to establish a continu ity against which changes take on significance. And it must let a reader glimpse a background that gives depth and scope to whatever is at stake in particular poems. The methodological question is whether I may legitimately draw any or all ofthat language from Kant. Here are some arguments against doing so. 1. While Kant wrote in this historical period, he did not know the English poetic tradition, and hence, he cannot be responding to its specific concerns. Moreover, the poet I am interested in, Wordsworth, did not read Kant and cannot have been supported by Kant in whatever thinking goes on in his poetry. Using Kant as part of a historical argument will force me to postulate a "Zeitgeist" that will remain obscure and amorphous and will fail to meet the criteria of precision, concreteness, and clear instantia tion that govern historical writing. 2. Apart from the historical issue, Kant is a philosopher. Philosophy weighs the truth of ideas by formulating them precisely and examining arguments for and against them. Even when poetry is explicitly a "poetry of ideas," it works by bringing out the potential of ideas to serve as the sub stance shaped into forms a reader can perceive with satisfaction. If Lucre tius's De rerum natura is a brilliant poem ?and it is ?that counts neither for nor against Epicurean philosophy. If I use Kant's concepts to describe even philosophical poems, I will cancel what is specifically poetical about them. At the same time, I will illegitimately force the poems to answer questions they did not ask.
Vapor phase silica transport during SOFC operation at 1000°C

During the operation of tubular solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) at 1000°C in CH 4 -H 2 O fuel, we observed silica deposit formation on the fuel electrode (Ni-YSZ cermet), nickel felt contacts and reforming catalyst surfaces.Silica deposition on the fuel electrode resulted in the electrical performance degradation, coverage of the catalyst surface and breakdown of the zirconia skeleton present on the fuel electrode. Sources of silica were identified. A thermochemical model relating to the formation and transport of vapor phase silica species, deposition on the catalytically active surface and interaction with the anode was developed. Vapor transport of silica is considered to take place at the quartz surface in the presence of water vapor. Silica deposition and deactivation of the catalyst is postulated to be due to the dissociation of gaseous hydrated silicious species on the active nickel surface during the reformation of hydrocarbon. Experiments were designed and conducted to validate the mechanism. It is concluded from these experiments that the presence of silica in the solid oxide fuel cell generator and the catalyst support should be eliminated for long term stable operation of cells and generator.
The Varieties of Knowledge and Skill-Based Pay Design: A Comparison of Seven New Pay Systems for K-12 Teachers.

A number of lines of research (e.g., National Commission on Teaching and America's Future, 1996; Slavin & Fashola, 1998; Wright, Horn, & Sanders, 1997; Bembry, Jordan, Gomez, Anderson, & Mendro, 1998; Ferguson & Ladd, 1996) have identified teacher instructional capacity as a key variable in the success of educational reforms in improving student achievement. Since 2000, the Consortium for Policy Research in Education has been studying a new form of teacher compensation that may have the potential to support improvements in the capacity of teachers to deliver instruction that would enable all children to achieve to high academic standards, as well as to respond to the growing public concern that there be some link between teacher salaries and teacher performance. This innovation -knowledge and skill-based pay -rewards teachers with base pay increases and/or bonuses for acquiring and demonstrating specific knowledge and skills needed to meet educational goals, such as improving student achievement. The application of this pay concept to K-12 education has been suggested by Conley and Odden (1995), Mohrman, Morhman, and Odden (1996), and Odden and Kelley (1997). This report examines a study of seven knowledge and skill-based pay systems for teachers that have been developed by U.S. schools or districts. Disciplines Curriculum and Instruction | Teacher Education and Professional Development Comments View on the CPRE website. This report is available at ScholarlyCommons: http://repository.upenn.edu/cpre_researchreports/29 The Varieties of Knowledge and Skill-based Pay Design: A Comparison of Seven New Pay Systems for K-12 Teachers
Adaptive power and divergence to improve airborne networking and communications

Free-space optical (FSO) links have the potential to provide high-bandwidth channels for data and communications applications. FSO can complement existing radio-frequency (RF) links by allowing the rapid transfer of high-volume data, such as images, that are ill suited to the lower bit rate RF links. A significant challenge for FSO links is the need for the transmitter and receiver to be tightly aligned to establish a viable connection. The inaccuracies inherent in position calculation and pointing equipment are a major part of this challenge. In this paper, we explore the use of adaptive transmitter power and adaptive beam divergence to overcome the inherent inaccuracies by relaxing the alignment criteria.
Abstract 17013: Post-traumatic Stress Disorder is Associated with Adverse Non-Linear Heart Rate Variability in Veteran Twins

BACKGROUND: Veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have higher risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) incidence and mortality. Psychological conditions may have an adverse effect on the autonomic nervous system, and may in part have genetic origins. Novel non-linear measures of heart rate variability (HRV), such as fractal dimension (FD) and power law slope have been associated with mortality and may signify autonomic dysfunction. We hypothesized that PTSD is associated with reduced FD and increased power law slope, suggesting higher mortality risk. METHODS: FD and power law slope were measured from 24-hour Holter recordings in 416 predominantly healthy middle-aged male twins from the Vietnam Era Twin Registry. Current (symptoms within the past month) and remitted (past history of) PTSD were measured using the Structured Clinical Interview for Psychiatry Disorders. Mixed-effect regression models were used to adjust for twin clustering and account for genetic/familial influences. RESULTS: The mean age was 56 ± 3 years, 35 had current PTSD, and 46 had remitted PTSD. In models that analyzed twins as individuals, current PTSD was significantly associated with 22% reduced FD and 18% increased power law slope. This association persisted for power law slope after adjustment for traditional risk factors, lifestyle factors, depression, and anti-depressant medication use (table). After controlling for genetic/familial factors by comparing twin brothers discordant for current PTSD within pairs (20 pairs), both measures remained significantly associated with current PTSD. Remitted PTSD did not influence HRV measures. No interaction by zygosity was found. CONCLUSIONS: Vietnam era veterans with PTSD have reduced FD and increased power law slope persisting after multivariable adjustment. This suggests that autonomic mechanisms, independent of genetic and familial effects, may contribute to increased CHD and mortality in veterans with PTSD.
Oral proteasome inhibitor (NPI-0052) enhances sensitivity to combination Gemcitabine and Erbitux in a pancreatic cancer xenograft model

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 46, 2005 4943 Pancreatic cancer is one of the most resistant cancers to chemotherapy and irradiation. A variety of resistance mechanisms have been demonstrated in pancreatic cancer including the activation of nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-κB) and the dysregulation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). We have previously demonstrated in vitro that the proteasome inhibitor NPI-0052 suppresses both constitutive and chemotherapy-induced NF-κB activation, but does not stabilize p53 expression, suggesting that treatment induced responses are mediated through p53-independent pathways. The current study was performed to determine if oral administration of a potent proteasome inhibitor NPI-0052 (Nereus Pharmaceuticals, San Diego) could alter the sensitivity to the combination treatment of gemcitabine (Gemzar, Eli Lily, Indianapolis, IN) and the antibody to EGFR (Erbitux, Imclone, Princeton, NJ) in a pancreatic cancer xenograft model. To determine the effect of proteasome inhibition on treatment response, panc-1 tumors were established by injecting 5 x 106 cells in the flank of female nude mice (nu/nu, 4-5 wks, 18-20g). Treatments were initiated once the tumors reached a mean diameter of 10 mm. Treatment groups (7 mice/group) received twice-weekly combination treatment with Erbitux 33mg/kg i.p., Gemzar 80mg/kg, and/or NPI-0052 0.25mg/kg. We found that the addition of NPI-0052 to the different treatment regimens resulted in an enhanced tumor growth response, including a 2-fold greater response to gemcitabine alone (p<0.001,T test), a 1.8-fold greater response to treatment with gemcitabine/Erbitux (p<0.01), and a 1.3-fold enhanced response to treatment with NPI-0052 alone compared to gemcitabine alone (p<0.05). These results demonstrate that the addition of NPI-0052 significantly enhanced tumor growth response to all treatments studied. Additional studies are underway to evaluate the potential of using orally administered NPI-0052 as an adjunct to combination chemo-and molecular therapy in pancreatic cancer. ![Figure][1] [1]: pending:yes
Molecular Distributions in Galactic Sources

The 4830 MHz absorption line of formaldehyde has been observed in the SNR complex W44 and the H ii region complex W3. The results are presented as maps of apparent optical depth. The formaldehyde is concentrated toward the eastern edge of the shell and reaches a maximum apparent optical depth of 1.5 compared with 0.2 for OH; furthermore the centers of the H2CO and OH concentrations are displaced by about 6′. The velocities of the H2CO and OH agree and both molecular lines have the same velocity gradient across the source.
A wound-induced [Ca2+]i increase and its transcriptional activation of immediate early genes is important in the regulation of motility.

Abstract Upon mechanical wounding of a confluent quiescent monolayer, cells move into the denuded zone. However, it is not well known what signaling cascade connects release from contact inhibition to cell movement at the wound edge. Mechanical wounding induced an increase in the concentration of intracellular free Ca 2+ ([Ca 2+ ] i ) in endothelial cells at the wound edge. The [Ca 2+ ] i signal was required for the transcriptional activation of two immediate early genes (IEGs), c-fos and c-jun, since blocking Ca 2+ influx with Gd 3+ or EGTA reduced IEG transcription, while augmenting Ca 2+ influx increased IEG transcription. The transcriptional activation of the IEGs depended on protein kinase C and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase since treatment with the inhibitors Calphostin C and KN-62 significantly reduced IEG expression. Briefly blocking Ca 2+ influx also produced a long-term reduction of cell motility, while augmenting Ca 2+ influx increased cell motility. To evaluate whether expression of IEGs might control cell movement, we microinjected sense or antisense cDNA to c-fos into cells after wounding. Antisense c-fos cDNA inhibited motility, while sense cDNA increased motility rates. These results suggested that the [Ca 2+ ] i rise, induced by wounding, regulated the initiation of subsequent motility through the transcriptional activation of IEGs during wounding.
Studies of the mechanism of vitamin E action. V. Selenite and tocopherol inhibition of lipid peroxidation in the chick.

In vivo and in vitro lipid peroxidation products in the tissues of the vitamin E-deficient chick have been measured. Dietary vitamin E and selenite inhibit the reaction. Certain organic selenium compounds exhibit antioxygenic activity in model systems. On the basis of this evidence, and the known incorporation of inorganic selenium into tissue proteins, it is suggested that dietary selenite functions by forming lipid anti-oxidants in the animal.
Stochastic modeling for the bacterial life cycle

Abstract The paper provides a brief review of stochastic models for the bacterial life cycle and their biological motivations. More recent models are discussed along with the further questions they raise.
Surgeon specialty is associated with outcome in rectal cancer treatment.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of surgeon specialty on disease-free survival and local control in patients with adenocarcinoma of the rectum. Patients underwent curative treatment with neoadjuvant external beam radiotherapy and proctectomy by colorectal surgeons and noncolorectal surgeons. METHODS: The records of 384 consecutive patients treated by colorectal surgeons (n = 251) and noncolorectal surgeons (n = 133) from 1977 to 1995 were reviewed independently by physicians in the Division of Radiation Oncology. Local recurrence was defined as pelvic recurrence occurring in the presence or absence of distant metastatic disease. RESULTS: The study population comprised 213 males, mean age 64 (range, 19–97) years. Preoperative radiotherapy was delivered as 4,500 cGy in 25 fractions six to eight weeks before surgery (n = 293) or 2,000 cGy in 5 fractions immediately before surgery (n = 91). Concurrent preoperative chemotherapy was given to 14 patients, postoperative chemotherapy to 55. Overall actuarial disease-free survival and local control rates were 74 and 90 percent, respectively, at five years. Actuarial disease-free survival and local control rates at five years were 77 and 93 percent for colorectal surgeons vs. 68 and 84 percent for noncolorectal surgeons (P ≤ 0.005 for both, Tarone-Ware). Multivariate analysis revealed that pathologic stage and background of the surgeon were the only independent predictors of disease-free survival (both P ≤ 0.006, Cox proportional hazards) and that pathologic stage, background of the surgeon, and proximal location of the tumor were independent predictors of local control (all P ≤ 0.02, Cox proportional hazards). Radiation dose and use of chemotherapy were not significant factors. Sphincter preservation was more common by colorectal surgeons (131/251, 52 percent) than noncolorectal surgeons (40/133, 30 percent; P = 0.00004, Fisher’s exact test, two-tailed). CONCLUSION: Good outcome for patients with adenocarcinoma of the rectum who undergo neoadjuvant external beam radiotherapy and proctectomy is associated with subspecialty training in colon and rectal surgery.
In situ deformation of cartilage in cyclically loaded tibiofemoral joints by displacement-encoded MRI

Summary Objectives Cartilage displacement and strain patterns were documented noninvasively in intact tibiofemoral joints in situ by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This study determined the number of compressive loading cycles required to precondition intact joints prior to imaging, the spatial distribution of displacements and strains in cartilage using displacement-encoded MRI, and the depth-dependency of these measures across specimens. Design Juvenile porcine tibiofemoral joints were cyclically compressed at one and two times body weight at 0.1Hz to achieve a quasi-steady state load–displacement response. A 7.0T MRI scanner was used for displacement-encoded imaging with stimulated echoes and a fast spin echo acquisition (DENSE-FSE) in eight intact joints. Two-dimensional displacements and strains were determined throughout the thickness of the tibial and femoral cartilage and then normalized over the tissue thickness. Results Two-dimensional displacements and strains were heterogeneous through the depth of femoral and tibial cartilage under cyclic compression. Strains in the loading direction were compressive and were maximal in the middle zone of femoral and tibial cartilage, and tensile strains were observed in the direction transverse to loading. Conclusions This study determined the depth-dependent displacements and strains in intact juvenile porcine tibiofemoral joints using displacement-encoded imaging. Displacement and strain distributions reflect the heterogeneous biochemistry of cartilage and the biomechanical response of the tissue to compression in the loading environment of an intact joint. This unique information about the biomechanics of cartilage has potential for comparisons of healthy and degenerated tissue and in the design of engineered replacement tissues.
Differences in incongruent weathering of plagioclase and microcline—Cation leaching versus precipitates

Comparisons of plagioclase and microcline taken from different weathering environments show that the mechanisms of feldspar dissolution are independent of the weathering environment. However, microcline and plagioclase do not weather by identical mechanisms. Calcium and sodium can be removed from the plagioclase lattice to depths greater than one or two unit cells, which implies that the “leached layer” may form on weathering plagioclase grains. The larger potassium ions cannot be removed from the microcline lattice deeper than one or two unit cells unless the anionic lattice is distorted or disrupted. Macroscopic solution features on plagioclase parallel the arrangement of calcium and sodium ions within the crystal. Solution features that develop on microcline may begin at dislocations on the crystal surface, or they may be located at inclusions of plagioclase. Scanning electron microscopy of microcline indicates that a precipitate as thick as 1 μm may form at the surface of the mineral. The rate of dissolution of microcline may be related to the cation exchange capacity of this layer and by reactions within the layer.
A neurocognitive animal model dissociating between acute illness and remission periods of schizophrenia.

Rationale The development and validation of animal models of the cognitive impairments of schizophrenia have remained challenging subjects.
Enhancing User Engagement with Elected Officials: Contextual Predictors Influencing the Use of Social Network Applications on Municipal Web Sites

Keenly aware of the growing number of people using social networks to communicate, governments have begun to provide this popular form of communication on their own web sites in an effort to promote engagement among residents and public administrators. Yet despite the growing popularity of social networks on government web sites, it is unclear whether municipalities have begun providing links to social network sites on their homepage that allow users to discuss salient issues directly with elected officials. Furthermore, for cities that do offer this heightened level of engagement, it is unclear if an implementation strategy was followed. This exploratory study examines the factors impacting U.S. local governments to provide social network applications that allow users to communicate directly with elected officials on the government website. The study then explores the benefits and challenges elected officials face when determining the extent of their public communication efforts. Finally, a social network application strategy is developed to assist elected officials when deciding whether or not to use social networks to communicate with the public.
Economic Efficiency and Policy Comparisons

Empirical studies published in the Journal have used the concept of economic efficiency to compare policy alternatives. Hall and LeVeen present an "'analysis ... developed for the current debate over acreage restrictions in reclamation policy." The authors argue "that large farms generally have lower production costs and that restrictive policies may therefore have some impact on overall economic efficiency" (p. 589). Mann and Paulsen assess the "'impact of restricting feed additives in livestock and poultry production." They conclude that "health risk reductions may be obtainable at a smaller loss in economic efficiency than previously suggested" (p. 47). The reader will recall colleagues' claims that particular regulations or policy proposals would result in a loss in economic efficiency.
The Single Worker: an Empirical Exploration of Attitudes, Behavior, and Well‐Being

Although single workers comprise over one third of the North American workforce, this significant segment of workers has been neglected as a subject of rigorous research. This study empirically explored three issues: (I) Are contemporary single adults still significantly different from their married counterparts on measures of physical and psychological well-being? (2) Are contemporary single adults significantly different from their married counterparts on work-related attitudes such as job satisfaction and behaviors such as absenteeism? and, (3) Are there significant differences in well-being and workplace variables between more precise single status types (e.g., separated, divorced) traditionally grouped together under the omnibus “single” category? 1022 adults were sampled and results indicated that contemporary singles were less satisfied with their lives, less satisfied with their jobs, and more prone to absenteeism than were their married counterparts. In addition, some significant differences were found between categories of singles formerly grouped together suggesting that the single worker population is more hetereogenous than traditionally believed. Implications of these findings for both research and practice are discussed and future research directions are proposed. Resume Bien que les travailleurs celibataires forment plus du tiers de la main-d'oeuvre nord-americaine, ce segment significatif des travailleurs a ete neglige comme objet de recherches rigoureuses. La presente elude empirique aborde trois aspects: 1) Les adultes celibataires actuels manifestent-ils encore des differences significatives par rapport a leurs homologues maries sur les echelles de bien-ětre physique et psychologique? 2) Les adultes celibataires actuels manifestent-ils des differences significatives par rapport a leurs homologues maries en matiere d'attitudes liees au travail, tels la satisfaction au travail et les comportements comme l'absenteisme? et, 3) Y a-t-il des differences significatives dans le bien-ětre et les variables rattachees au lieu de travail entre les categories plus specifiques de personnes jouissant du statut de celibataire (par exemple, separe, divorce) qu'on a l'habitude de regrouper sous la categorie omnibus de'celibataire'? L'echantillon comprenait 1022 adultes et les resultats indiquent que les celibataires actuels sont moins satisfaits de leur vie, moins satisfaits de leur emploi et plus enclins a l'absenteisme que leurs homologues maries. Au surplus, on a decele certaines differences significatives entre categories de celibataires qu'on regroupait auparavant ensemble, ce qui indique que la population de travailleurs celibataires est plus heterogene qu'on n'avait coutume de le croire. Les consequences qu'entrainent ces decouvertes tant pour la recherche que pour la pratique sont examinees, en měme temps que sont proposees des voies pour de futures recherches.
Survival of short implants is improved with greater implant length, placement in the mandible compared with the maxilla, and in nonsmokers.

Article Title and Bibliographic Information A systematic review of the prognosis of short ( Telleman G, Raghoebar GM, Vissink A, den Hartog L, Huddleston Slater JJR, Meijer HJA. J Clin Periodontol 2011;38:667-76. Reviewer Alan B. Carr, DMD, MS Purpose/Question What is the 2-year estimated implant survival rate of short ( Source of Funding Information not available Type of Study/Design Systematic review with meta-analysis of data Level of Evidence Level 1: Good quality, patient-oriented evidence Strength of Recommendation Grade Grade B: Inconsistent or limited-quality, patient-oriented evidence
Status and plans of the united states ICF program

Inertial confinement fusion research in the United States focuses on demonstrating ignition on the NIF at the beginning of the next decade and on broad high energy density science (HEDS) research. Three facilities (OMEGA EP, the refurbished Z, and NIF) will be completed in the next two years. The US approach emphasizes lasers and pulsed power and both direct and indirect drive. Since IFSA 2005 in Biarritz, France significant advances have been made towards demonstrating ignition in a joint effort by LLNL, LLE, LANL, SNL, and GA. An active HEDS research program will also be pursued on these new facilities.
Dependence of emittance degradation on beam angular momentum for charge exchange in solenoids

Abstract Beam emittance degradation associated with charge exchange in a solenoid depends not only upon the magnetic field and beam size at charge exchange but also upon the beam's angular momentum at that point. If the average beam angular momentum per particle is small compared to the corresponding rms value, this dependence disappears. If incident and final angular momenta for a cell have the same magnitude, there will be no emittance growth in that cell associated with charge transfer even though the sign of the angular momentum is reversed. Utilization of this effect to reduce emittance growth due to double charge exchange in two separated cells requires either a specially shaped magnetic field at the neutralizer cell or a beam transit time through the initial charge neutralization cell appreciably less than the cyclotron period of the beam in the cell. The length of the focusing region in a neutralizer cell can be increased by shaping its associated magnetic field. The consequent reduction in beam degradation for beams neutralized over that extended region is a function of the initial beam divergence and size separately and not solely a function of initial emittance.
On strongly summable ultrafilters and union ultrafilters

We prove that union ultrafilters are essentially the same as strongly summable ultrafilters but ordered-union ultrafilters are not. We also prove that the existence of ultrafilters of these sorts implies the existence of P-points and therefore cannot be established in ZFC.
Cooling of a trapped ion coupled strongly to a quantized cavity mode

Abstract The interaction of a trapped two-level ion, confined in a harmonic potential, with a quantized cavity mode of the radiation field is studied theoretically. The ion is considered to be spatially localized on the scale of the optical wavelength (Lamb-Dicke limit), and the ion-cavity-mode coupling is assumed to be larger than or comparable to the spontaneous emission and cavity-mode loss rates. With broadband thermal light driving the cavity mode, we show that the cooling rates and final temperatures of the trapped-ion motion reflect the Jaynes-Cummings energy spectrum of the strongly-coupled ion-cavity system.
Body Mass Index and Adverse Perioperative Outcomes Following Hepatic Resection

Background The effect of obesity on perioperative outcomes following hepatic resection is not clearly defined. We sought to understand the implications of obesity on post-hepatectomy outcomes in a nationally represented cohort of patients.
Laser As A Precision Diagnostic Tool In Modern Chemistry

This paper describes a technique for obtaining high resolution absorption sepctra of electronic transitions involving bound excited states via stepwise two photon induced dissociation with LIF detection of the photofragments. As an example, we present spectra of the A-LA"-X-LA' system of NCNO obtained both at room temperature, and with expansion-cooled samples.
Swirling free surface flow in cylindrical containers

Free surface flow in a cylindrical container with steadily rotating bottom cap is investigated. A regular domain perturbation in terms of the angular velocity of the bottom is used. The flow field is made up of the superposition of azimuthal and meridional fields. The meridional field is solved both by biorthogonal series and a numerical algorithm. The free surface on the liquid is determined at the lowest significant order. The aspect ratio of the cylinder may generate a multiple cell structure in the meridional plane which in turn shapes the free surface.
The cdc25 M-phase inducer: an unconventional protein phosphatase.

Jonathan B. A. Millar and Paul Russell Departments of Molecular and Cell Biology The Scripps Research Institute La Jolla, California 92037 The molecular events involved in regulating the initiation of nuclear division have been the subject of intensive in- vestigation in recent years. A milestone in these studies was the discovery that nuclear division was brought about through the rapid activation of mitosis promoting factor (MPF)-a seryl/threonyl protein kinase consisting of a 34 kd catalytic subunit, p34cdc2, and a 45-60 kd B-type cyclin. Subsequent efforts have focused on the processes regu- lating MPF activation. The subject of this review is recent advancesestablishing that cdc25, a universally conserved M-phase inducer, is a protein phosphatase that directly dephosphorylates and activates MPF. The Phosphatase That Activates MPF Studies of MPF activation have tended to concentrate on rapid posttranslational events, in particular protein phos- phorylation and dephosphorylation. That MPF activity might be inhibited by protein phosphorylation was pre- dicted by studies in fission yeast showing that the wee7 gene product, which functions as an inhibitor of mitosis, is a protein kinase (Russell and Nurse, 1987). This predic- tion was confirmed by the finding that phosphorylation of Tyr-15 of the fission yeast ~34~~“~ subunit negatively regulates MPF (Gould and Nurse, 1989). Activation of the complex at the G$M transition is coincident with tyrosyl dephosphorylation of p34-, indicating that this dephos- phorylation event is a critical step in the initiation of M-phase. More recent studies have shown that phosphory- lation of asecond site, Thr-167, is required for MPF activity in fission yeast, although there is no evidence indicating that it is involved in regulating the timing of M-phase (Gould et al., 1991). The first clue linking cdc25 to mitotic control was pro- vided by Fantes (1979), who found that the GP cell cycle arrest caused by c&25- mutations in fission yeast is sup- pressed by inactivation of weel. Later experiments ex- plained this observation by showing that cdc25 gene prod- uct is a dose-dependent inducer of mitosis that functions in opposition to the products of wee7 and mikl, the latter gene being a redundant homolog of wee7 (Russell and Nurse, 1986; Lundgren et al., 1991). A logical hypothesis following from these results was that cdc25 should be in- volved in promoting the dephosphorylation pathway that counteracts the weellmikl kinases (Figure 1). Observa- tions that inactivation of cdc25 results in a late-G* cell cycle arrest in which p34cdC2 becomes maximally phosphorylated on Tyr-15 (Gould and Nurse, 1969) and that cdc25 function is not required in strains expressing mutant cdc2 having nonphosphorylatable phenylalanyl at position 15 or in strains expressing the human T-cell phosphotyrosyl phos- phatase (PTPase) were fully consistent with the idea that
Hard Si–N–C films with a tunable band gap produced by pulsed glow discharge deposition

Abstract The tuning of the optical band gap in the range of E Tauc =0.96–4.31 eV was demonstrated in the Si–N–C films grown by pulsed glow discharge deposition. The films were grown at room temperatures from the following precursor gases: silane (SiH 4 ), nitrogen (N 2 ), and acetylene (C 2 H 2 ). The stoichiometry of the films was varied by changing the flow of acetylene gas in the deposition chamber. The properties of the films were characterized using Rutherford backscattering (RBS), Elastic Recoil Detection analysis (ERD), profilometry, nanoindentation, UV–visible and infrared spectroscopies. All films demonstrated high hardness between 11.6 and 15.6 GPa, which makes them a valuable material for technologies requiring hard scratch resistant coatings with a tunable band gap.
Some notes on the early history of hybrid stress finite element method

The first remark of this paper is to disclose a historical fact that the assumed stress hybrid finite element method pioneered by Pian [1] in 1964 was actually developed originally based on the Hellinger–Reissner principle and not on the complementary energy principle as indicated in the published paper. The other remark is that Dick Gallagher was the first person to prove the fact that the rectangular plane stress elements by Pian is identical to the Turner element presented in 1956. Finally, through a formulation by Hellinger–Reissner principle a formal proof is given of the fact that the Pian element is also identical to Wilson's incompatible element. Copyright © 2000 John Willey & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of lysolecithin and related compounds on the swelling of isolated mitochondria.

Abstract A study was made of the possible role of lysolecithin in the swelling of isolated mitochondria. With the exception of glycolecithin which is not a naturally occuring compound, lysolecithin had a greater destructive effect on the mitochondria than did other purified phospholipids, lipids, surface active agents, phosphate, or succinate. The destructive action of lysolecithin, phosphate, or succinate was decreased but that of surface active agents such as dodecyl sulfate or glycolecithin was not markedly affected by lowering the pH to 6.2 the pH at which the mitochondria were most stable. ATP and Mg were more effective than versene in protecting the mitochondria from the effects of lysolecithin. It was concluded that the formation of lysolecithin might explain the swelling of isolated mitochondria in sucrose solution.
Triple-junction amorphous silicon-based flexible solar minimodule with integrated interconnects

Abstract We report in detail the fabrication of triple-junction amorphous silicon-based, monolithically interconnected, flexible photovoltaic submodules of size 10 cm×30 cm. The cells used in the submodules include a tie-coat layer for improved film adhesion, and were encapsulated using the terpolymer THV. A combination of laser and chemical processing was used for the series interconnection. An initial efficiency of 4.9% (5.34%) was obtained for an aperture area of 204 cm 2 .
Monoamine neurotransmitter metabolism and locomotor activity during chemical hypoxia.

: The effects of hypoxia on metabolism of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT or serotonin) and 3,4-dihydroxy-phenylethylamine (DA or dopamine) were compared with those on open-field activity in male CD-1 mice. Chemical hypoxia was induced with NaNO2. Hypoxia did not alter striatal concentrations of DA, 5HT, Trp, Tyr, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, or homovanillic acid. However, NaNO2 (75 mg/kg) reduced the rates of conversion of [3H]Tyr to [3H]DA (−41%) and [3H]Trp to [3H]5-HT (39%). Hypoxia also reduced dihydroxy-phenylacetic acid (DOPAC) levels (−27%) and DOPAC/DA ratios (−20%). Open-field behavior, as measured in an automated activity monitor, decreased in a dose-dependent fashion with 75–150 mg/kg of NaNO2 (−35 to −90%). Comparison with previous studies suggests that the syntheses of dopamine, serotonin, and the amino acids are equally vulnerable to hypoxic insults but may be less sensitive than the synthesis of acetylcholine.
Electron microscope heteroduplex mapping of P2 Hy dis bacteriophage DNA.

DNA of P2 Hy 1 dis(large) , a phage believed to be genetically identical to Escherichia coli bacteriophage P2 except that the genes controlling and specifying immunity to superinfection have been replaced by foreign genetic elements, was mapped by the electron microscope heteroduplex method. It was found to have three regions nonhomologous to wild type P2; all were located on the right half of the molecule (the right half was defined as the A + T richer half as judged by electron microscope partial denaturation mapping). The nonhomologous regions were situated between 75.7 and 77.4%, 81.2 and 81.5%, and 88.3 and 102.2% from the left end of the P2 map. Moreover, around the 81% nonhomologous region there may be a partially homologous section. The replacement in the right end is unequal and greater than the wild type by about 0.28 μ m (2.2%). However, the cohesive ends of P2 Hy 1 dis(large) DNA were found to be similar to P2 DNA. Comparison with P2 lg cc vir 22, a deletion mutant of P2 phage, shows that the right end of the vir 22 deleted segment covers a part of the Hy dis replacement situated in the region 75.7–77.4%. Since, in both the phages, the immunity region is affected, this region can therefore be more closely located on the physical map. The genetic significance of the other two replacements in P2 Hy dis is not clear. It is interesting to note that the origin of replication of P2 DNA, which was located 89.0 ± 1.1% from the left end in a previous study, closely corresponds to the left end of the right most nonhomologous region in P2 Hy dis .
Self-cleaving fusion tags for recombinant protein production

Fusion expression is a common practice for recombinant protein production. Some fusion tags confer solubility on the target protein whereas others provide affinity handles that facilitate purification. However, the tag usually needs to be removed from the final product, which involves using expensive proteases or hazardous chemicals and requires additional chromatography steps. Self-cleaving tags are a special group of fusion tags that possess inducible proteolytic activity. Combined with appropriate affinity tags, they enable fusion purification, cleavage and target separation to be achieved in a single step, which saves time, labor and cost. This paper reviews currently available self-cleaving fusion tags for recombinant protein production. For each system, an introduction of its key characteristics and a brief discussion of its advantages and disadvantages is given.
A Historical Perspective and Business Model for Load Response Aggregation Based on Priority Service

We review early technologies and experiments in the 1980's for implementing demand response. We argue that while new smart grid technologies are cheaper and provide more functionality the barrier to demand response implementation at the retail level lies in the development of business models that will incentivize customer participation on the retail side and facilitate integration of the aggregate responses into the wholesale market. We then describe such a model that is based on the concept of priority service where customer can choose different levels of interruption for segments of their loads which they can reallocate at will within the household. We review the theory of efficient pricing of such service along with alternative implementation forms. We then illustrate by means of an example the potential economic gains of such an approach.
The pricing behavior of Korean manufactured goods during trade liberalization

Abstract This paper reexamines the impact of changes in external prices on the pricing decisions for domestic manufactured goods based on monthly data for South Korea from 1975 to 1996. This period encompasses the period from 1983 to 1996 when import liberalization in South Korea was finally pursued as a long-term policy goal. We use both ordinary least squares and a Kalman-filter time varying parameter regression. The main findings of this paper are: First, domestic prices respond to changes in external prices, but the magnitude of the external price elasticity is substantially smaller than found in earlier studies. Second, South Korean firms' price-setting behavior appear to be increasingly more influenced by import liberalization since the mid-1980s. The timing coincides with the pursuit of import liberalization starting in 1983 as a continuing long-term policy goal.
CLOSURE TO "NONCONTACT PHOTOGRAMMETRIC MEASUREMENT OF VERTICAL BRIDGE DEFLECTION" BY DAVID V. JAUREGUI, KENNETH R. WHITE, CLINTON B. WOODWARD, AND KENNETH R. LEITCH

This closure responds to a discussion by G.H. Beguin, published in this journal (Volume 9, Number 5, September/October 2004). The author recognizes that environmental factors such as temperature variations in the air may contribute to errors in photogrammetric measurement, and that there are ways to minimize or compensate for these variations. Despite the potential for errors, the photogrammetric method still has several advantages over other measurement methods, including being less labor-intensive, the capability of measuring difficult-to-access structures and the ability to be used on a routine basis for various measurement applications.