cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The long-term effects of school dropout and GED attainment on substance use disorders

BACKGROUND: Epidemiologic research suggests that 14% of the population do not complete high school, and dropout has been linked to mental health conditions, substance use, chronic health problems, and criminal behavior. Few studies have assessed whether attainment of the general education development (GED) credential is protective from substance use. PURPOSE: To assess the long-term outcomes of school dropout and GED attainment on past year substance use disorders, age of onset, and current smoking status. METHODS: Longitudinal data were included for lifetime substance users who participated in the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (Waves I and II). Eligible participants (N=30,608) were classified as having completed high school, dropped out of high school and did not complete a GED, or completed GED at Wave I. Survey logistic regression analyses were used to determine whether high school graduation status was associated with substance use disorders and smoking at Wave II. RESULTS: Multivariate results suggest that participants who dropped out of high school (OR=1.53; pCONCLUSIONS: High school dropouts have higher long-term rates of marijuana use disorder and smoking in adulthood than graduates. Attainment of a GED does not appear to be protective from marijuana use disorders in adulthood. Language: en
The Effect of Test Presentation on Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders and Neurotypical Peers

Purpose The purpose of this experiment was to determine if there is alternate forms reliability for paper- and computer-administered standardized vocabulary tests. Another purpose was to determine ...
Study of the reactive element effect in ODS iron-base alumina-formers

Iron aluminide (Fe{sub 3}Al) and FeCrAl compositions were dispersed with 15 different oxides in order to study the effect of oxygen- active dopants on high-temperature growth and adhesion of {alpha}- Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} scales. In these model-type, oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) systems, the chemical effects of various cation dopants were compared to the baseline effect of an Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} oxide dispersion. By conducting isothermal and cyclic oxidation tests and by characterizing the oxidation product, effects on scale adhesion, growth rate and microstructure were evaluated. The dopants were categorized based on effectiveness in modifying the alumina scale. An Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} dispersion yielded some improvement in oxidation behavior apparently by strengthening the relatively weak substrate. However, the type of improvements in adhesion and change in growth mechanism associated with addition of reactive elements such as Y were not achieved. In general, due to the weaker substrate and the inherently faster interfacial void formation, the dispersions were less effective in ODS Fe{sub 3}Al than in ODS FeCrAl.
Robot-assisted laparoscopic repair of ventral hernia with intracorporeal suturing.

Background: This study presents a novel technique for laparoscopic ventral hernia repair using the da Vinci Robot and intracorporeal suturing. Thus, it offers an alternative to transabdominal sutures and tackers. Methods: A ventral hernia model was created in six pigs. The mesh was fixed to the circumference of the fascia using interrupted sutures. The outer border of the mesh was then fixed to the posterior fascia using running sutures. Results: There were no complications. The depth and location of the interrupted and running sutures were confirmed postmortem. Conclusions: The transabdominal sutures and tackers used in laparoscopic ventral hernia repair can be the focus for postoperative pain and adhesions. As an alternative, the da Vinci Robot can be used to facilitate intracorporeal suturing of the mesh directly to the fascial edge and to secure the circumference of the mesh to the posterior fascia. The preliminary results are promising and represent a safe method that can be implemented in humans.
Myotubes differentiate optimally on substrates with tissue-like stiffness: pathological implications for soft or stiff microenvironments

Contractile myocytes provide a test of the hypothesis that cells sense their mechanical as well as molecular microenvironment, altering expression, organization, and/or morphology accordingly. Here, myoblasts were cultured on collagen strips attached to glass or polymer gels of varied elasticity. Subsequent fusion into myotubes occurs independent of substrate flexibility. However, myosin/actin striations emerge later only on gels with stiffness typical of normal muscle (passive Young's modulus, E approximately 12 kPa). On glass and much softer or stiffer gels, including gels emulating stiff dystrophic muscle, cells do not striate. In addition, myotubes grown on top of a compliant bottom layer of glass-attached myotubes (but not softer fibroblasts) will striate, whereas the bottom cells will only assemble stress fibers and vinculin-rich adhesions. Unlike sarcomere formation, adhesion strength increases monotonically versus substrate stiffness with strongest adhesion on glass. These findings have major implications for in vivo introduction of stem cells into diseased or damaged striated muscle of altered mechanical composition.
A visual Miranda machine

This paper describes a visualization and debugging tool for the lazy functional programming language Miranda. Our tool helps students and programmers with the writing, testing, and debugging of functional programs. The tool has two parts. The text phase constructs the execution trace of the outer reduction evaluation of a Miranda expression and presents it to the user as a sequence of text lines. The graphic phase condenses and encapsulates the text into interactive graphic structures, permitting the user to choose what degree of detail to show in the visualization. >
The BuckiPad: A Case Study on Evaluating iPad Circulation and Cost per Use at The Ohio State University Libraries

Chapter 3 of Library Technology Reports (vol. 51, no. 7), “Mobile Devices: Service with Intention,” describes the enthusiasm around mobile technology, particularly iPads, and its applicability to student learning that has flourished on the Ohio State University campus. During the 2013–2014 academic year, the Ohio State University Libraries sought to understand and participate in campus-wide initiatives on student engagement and emerging technology by launching the BuckiPad Pilot Program, which offered students the opportunity to check out an iPad from the library. What is most fascinating about the BuckiPad Pilot Program as a case study is that, in spite of a campus atmosphere ripe for iPad adoption, the circulation and assessment data of the pilot did not reveal long-term, cost-effective sustainability.
Anodic synthesis of heterocyclic compounds

This article discusses the anodic synthesis of heterocyclic compounds that have appeared during the last decade. The mechanistic aspects involving intramolecular, intermolecular cyclizations and the homogeneous vs heterogeneous anodic oxidations were considered. This review deals with the recent advances in anodic oxidations in which heterocyclic compounds were synthesized through carbon-heteroatom and heteroatom-heteroatom bond formation.
The Impacts of Marriage on Perceived Academic Career Success: Differences by Gender and Discipline

This study examines perceptions of how marriage impacts two aspects of academics’ career success in STEM and non-STEM fields: professional productivity and professional mobility. We pose three research questions. (1) How does marriage shape women’s and men’s perceptions of academic career success? (2) How do perceptions of career gains differ for women and men in STEM and non-STEM fields? and (3) How does parenthood impact these perceptions? We use unique data from a random sample of academics in thirteen U.S. institutions. Findings indicate that gender, individual, family and institutional characteristics, and professional productivity form faculty’s perceptions of professional success. Women in both STEM and non-STEM fields report higher perceptions of perceived gains in professional productivity and involvement due to marriage compared to their male counterparts. However, for academics in both disciplines, women perceive less professional mobility gains from their marriage than do men. Being a parent is associated with the view that marriage negatively affects success in academia. Being married to an academic partner is associated with the perception that marriage positively impacts professional productivity, but negatively impacts mobility for those in both STEM and non-STEM disciplines. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
TOTAL DISLOCATION OF THE CUBOID BONE: Report of a Case

1. A case of total dislocation of the cuboid bone without fracture is described. This is an uncommon injury and to our knowledge has not previously been reported. 2. Its rarity is explained in the light of the structural anatomy and function of the foot. 3. A mechanism of injury is postulated and a method of reduction and fixation described.
Effects of Parathion and Ddt on Open-Field Behavior of Albino Rats

75 male albino rats were assigned to five groups: Low DDT (83 mg/kg), High DDT (207 mg/kg), Low Parathion (.74 mg/kg), High Parathion (1.86 mg/kg), and Control (peanut oil vehicle). Ss were placed for a 5-min. trial in a Hall open-field on each of 10 post-injection days. Exposure to parathion and DDT had no significant effect on open-field behavior of albino rats.
Externalism and Epistemological Direct Realism

Au-dela des implications des epistemologies internalistes et externalistes sur la nature de la connaissance et de la croyance justifiee, l'A. etudie le debat sur l'unite meme de l'epistemologie et de son interet pour les questions meta-epistemologiques concernant sa methodologie philosophique. Mesurant les consequences de l'externalisme sur le debat classique sur le realisme direct du monde exterieur, l'A. defend la these d'un abandon du realisme epistemologique direct au regard des paysages epistemiques differents qui se dessinent a travers la distinction entre les croyances justifees de maniere inferentielle et les croyances justifiees de maniere non-inferentielle
Group Isolation and Atherosclerosis in Cholesterol-Fed Cockerels

Group isolation, a highly unnatural environmental situation in cockerels, increases atherogenesis and decreases regression of previously induced atherosclerosis. This alteration occurs despite the absence of change in the hypercholesterolemic response to the diet in the induction experiments. It is accompanied by a reduction in weight gain despite food intake similar to the controls. Disturbing the social order by altering the pecking order in flocks of cockerels on a cholesterol-oil containing diet does not alter hypercholesterolemia and atherogenesis. However, it leads to increase in sex characteristics. Physical activity, with or without alterations in pecking order, causes a reduced weight gain even when food intakes are not altered. It is concluded that environmental factors can and do influence atherosclerosis. The types of environmental change which can produce this effect and the exact mechanisms involved require further study.
Nucleic acids and their components in tumor-bearing mice during growth and regression of tumors.

Summary1. The concentration of ribose nucleic acid (RNA), desoxyribose nucleic acid (DNA), adenine, and guanine of liver, lung, kidney, and spleen of normal C3H mice and those bearing a transplantable mouse lymphosarcoma at different stages of tumor development has been determined. The mice bearing the tumor were divided into 2 groups; one group received desoxypyridoxine on a vit. B6 deficient diet, while the other received desoxypyridoxine on a diet rich in vit. B6 to counteract the effect of the anti-vitamin. In addition to DNA, RNA, adenine, and guanine, the pyrimidines (uracil, cytosine, and thymine) were also determined in the spleen. 2. The data presented indicate that there is an increase in the nucleic acids and their purine constituents in the liver, kidney, and lung during the growth of the tumor. 3. The nucleic acids reached a higher level in mice receiving desoxypyridoxine on a vit. B6 sufficient diet than in mice receiving desoxypyridoxine on a vit. B6 deficient diet. 4. Mice receiving desoxy...
Vibration control of collocated smart structures using H ∞ modified positive position and velocity feedback

In this paper, H∞ modified positive position feedback (HMPPF) and H∞ modified positive velocity feedback (HMPVF) controllers are developed as two innovative controllers for active vibration reduction in flexible collocated structures. The controllers use the concept of modified positive feedback and are enhanced by the H∞ feedback design to provide effective vibration suppression of multiple modes. An aluminum cantilever beam is used to experimentally evaluate the performance of the two controllers. The objective of the HMPPF controller is to suppress vibration displacement when all of the fundamental modes are excited. In this case which considers the first three modes of the flexible structure, overall vibration displacement is reduced to 38% of the uncontrolled value. The HMPVF, on the other hand, uses the control energy to reduce the vibration velocity to the lowest possible value. Vibration velocity amplitude using the HMPVF approach was reduced more than displacement, which makes this controller mor...
Control measures and resistance situation of housefly to common used insecticides

Objective In order to understand the current housefly resistance situation,and provide scientific evidence for control flies. Methods Matching the mother fluid from the original fluid by m/v,and then design the dilution plan using the mother fluid,compound seven strength-groups from high to low.Drop 1 μl insecticide on each tested fly's back with the micro dropper.Observing them for 24 hours in normal raising state and record mortality status.Results The houseflies' resistance coefficience to DDVP,deltamethrin,permethrin chlorine and ammonia permethrin were 14.86~44.23 times,18.55~96.85 times,14.74~28.83 times and 6.39~13.37 times respectively.Conclusion The Zibo houseflies have had resistance to DDVP,deltamethrin,permethrin chlorine and ammonia permethrin to some degree.It is very necessary to use insecticides scientifically.
Plasma Protein Shedding by the Canine Oxyntic Glandular Mucosa Induced by Topical Application of Snake Venoms and Ethanol

A single irrigation of the mucosa of a pouch of the oxyntic glandular mucosa of a dog’s stomach with a dilute (0.5 mg per ml) solution of lyophilized venom of the hooded cobra (Naja rtaja) breaks the gastric mucosal barrier, but shedding of plasma does not occur. Twenty to 40 days later a similar irrigation with cobra venom solution causes a very large (sometimes more than 30 ml in 30 min) shedding of plasma through the mucosa. This plasma shedding builds up after the initial irrigation with or without frequently repeated irrigation of the mucosa with cobra venom solution, and it declines from its peak in about 30 days, leaving various degrees of residual plasma shedding. When the response has declined essentially to zero, irrigation with cobra venom solution still breaks the gastric mucosal barrier. Treatment of the dog with prednisolone tertiary butylacetate (1 mg per kg intramuscularly a day for 7 to 14 days) attenuates but does not abolish plasma shedding during irrigation with cobra venom solution. Irrigation of the mucosa with ethanol (30% v/v) also causes plasma shedding whether the mucosa has previously shed plasma in response to irrigation with cobra venom solution. Irrigation of a pouch with a dilute solution (0.5 mg per ml) of lyophilized venom of a viper (Vipera russellt) does not in itself induce plasma shedding, but if the mucosa is irrigated with a solution of viper venom immediately after it has been irrigated with ethanol, a plasma shedding response may be induced. Induction of plasma shedding by irrigation of the mucosa with numerous other foreign proteins combined with various barrier breakers has not been achieved.
Display cases for academic libraries: Ten tips for display case persons

Les AA. presentent aux bibliothecaires une serie de conseils pour realiser dans les meilleures conditions possibles un espace d'affichage destine a informer les utilisateurs et promouvoir les materiels, services et evenements, tâche generalement peu appreciee par le personnel. Elles suggerent de : partager ses experiences, etablir la politique d'affichage de la bibliotheque, definir les objectifs, collecter des ressources sans se fier a son talent, utiliser le materiel et les ressources disponibles sur place et au sein des autres departements, ratisser la communaute locale, garder des traces de ses affichages, tirer parti des divers evenements et journees internationaux, utiliser le site web de l'ALA (American Library Association), enfin faire reconnaitre ses nouvelles responsabilites en tant que conservateur charge des expositions ou coordinateur des affichages dans une description formelle de son travail.
Best Clinical Practice: Current Controversies in Pulmonary Embolism Imaging and Treatment of Subsegmental Thromboembolic Disease

Abstract Background Pulmonary embolism (PE) affects >600,000 patients per year in the United States. Evaluation includes clinical decision rules, laboratory tests, and several imaging modalities. The diagnosis of PE has risen in recent years, particularly subsegmental PE (SSPE). Controversy exists concerning the diagnosis and treatment of these lesions. Objective We sought to provide emergency physicians with a review of the controversies surrounding PE testing and the diagnosis and treatment of SSPE. Discussion With the rise of computed tomography (CT) testing for PE, diagnosis has increased. Providers often omit risk stratification in favor of D-dimer or imaging, which does not have literature support. The detection of PE has risen by 80%, and this increased testing is associated with several risks, including contrast reaction, nephropathy, and increased radiation. SSPE diagnosis has risen with improved imaging technology, but the literature shows low interobserver agreement with diagnosis of true SSPE. Studies disagree on the clinical significance and dangers of this PE subset. The American College of Chest Physicians 2016 guidelines recommend withholding anticoagulation for SSPE with low risk for recurrent thrombus and no concurrent deep vein thrombosis. Patients at high risk for recurrent venous thromboembolism or with deep vein thrombosis warrant anticoagulation. The provider is ultimately responsible for appropriate evaluation with risk stratification and selective testing. Conclusions SSPE presents a quandary, because the literature differs in showing harm despite increased diagnosis. American College of Chest Physicians guidelines for the treatment of SSPE take into account the patient, the imaging, and other imaging modalities. Providers should use risk stratification with shared decision-making in the evaluation and treatment of SSPE.
Energy Harvesting in Electromagnetic Nanonetworks

The ability of nanonetworks to exploit harvested energy from ambient sources efficiently and economically will determine the extent of their future application. Research has already identified processes, issues, and challenges for these networks, most of which center on the energy-harvesting process, optimal energy consumption, and communication protocols.
Filler Nodules: Inflammatory or Infectious? A Review of Biofilms and Their Implications on Clinical Practice.

Background The numbers of minimally invasive cosmetic procedures performed in the United States have steadily increased each year. Concurrently, the rates of filler complications have also increased. Delayed filler reactions and granulomas have recently been attributed to biofilm infections. Objective The biology and pathogenesis of biofilms, and their diagnosis, treatment, and prevention will be discussed. Methods The relevant and recent literature on delayed filler reactions and biofilms was reviewed. Results Increasing evidence implicates biofilm infections in the pathogenesis of delayed filler reactions. Therapeutic and preventative measures can be taken to minimize the occurrence of these potentially devastating consequences of dermal fillers. Conclusion Awareness of biofilm infections is key in the assessment of filler reactions in order to ensure timely and accurate diagnosis and treatment.
FRET-based Screen for Cellular Redox Potential Changes Induced by Toxicants

Many endocrine disrupting chemicals are reported to have prooxidant activity. Although oxidative stress has been identified as a mechanism of cellular toxicity, few tools exist for in vivo real-time characterization of toxicant-induced changes to the cellular redox potential. Here, we investigate RedoxFluor - a recently developed FRET based biosensor, as a tool for determining disruptions in cellular redox potential induced by environmental toxicants. This ratiometric probe responds to depletion of the reduced cellular glutathione pool by a cysteine-dependent conformation change that results in the loss of FRET. As the pool of reduced cellular glutathione is replenished, the probe regains FRET. Previous studies have validated that FRET changes of RedoxFluor are reflective of the glutathione potential of mammalian cells. We developed a stably transfected COS-7 cell line expressing RedoxFluor to characterize redox perturbations induced by six toxicants - the perfluorinated alkyl substances perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS); the polychlorinated biphenyls PCB126 & PCB11; butylparaben, and mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP). We contrast the endocrine disrupting compounds with model pro-oxidants hydrogen peroxide and tert-butyl hydroperoxide and measured dose-dependent and time-dependent changes in FRET. Cells dosed with PCB11 and PCB126 displayed a more reductive cytosol 12 hours post exposure followed by a shift towards a more oxidized cytosol 24 hours post exposure. Both PFOS and PFBS induced a loss of FRET 12 hours post exposure, with PFBS eliciting a much more pronounced effect than PFOS. The model pro-oxidants hydrogen peroxide and tert-butylhydroperoxide induced a loss of FRET 4 minutes after exposure, and FRET recovery began 20 minutes post exposure. Our results indicate that the RedoxFluor is a useful method to screen for redox perturbations induced by a variety of compounds in a high-throughput platform.
Lead and Zinc

Lead and zinc are found in two distinct associations in sedimentary rocks: carbonate-hosted and shale-hosted. The carbonate-hosted ores are generally agreed to be epigenetic, deposited from low temperature hydrothermal fluids. The shale-hosted deposits are more controversial, but most appear to be at least partly syngenetic. Shale-hosted orebodies can be exceptionally large, and are perhaps the most popular exploration targets among sedimentary ores at the present time. A transitional form between these two, one that is accordingly given considerable attention, is syngenetic ore in carbonate rocks, such as at Tynagh, in Ireland.
Last minute travel: Anomaly or opportunity? A case study of an online travel agency’s product evolution

Last Minute Travel: Anomaly or Opportunity? A Case Study of an Online Travel Agency’s Product Evolution by Cady Wolf Dr. Seyhmus Baloglu, Committee Chair Professor of Hotel Management University of Nevada, Las Vegas Last Minute Travel 3
A new software complexity metrics for computer communication network

A number of definitions for determining software complexity can be found in numerous papers. These definitions are applicable for large software. However, to the best of author's knowledge, no definition of software complexity has been proposed for computer communication network. While software reliability has generally been defined from zero to one, the software complexity definition has no standard and has been defined by different authors in different ways. These software complexity definitions do not give an idea while comparing their software, especially when the range of these definitions are different (e.g. the number of line of code may be entirely different from the number of loops. Lines of code may be in the thousands when loops may be few in number). In this paper, software complexity is defined to have a range between zero and one. This premise is based on the notion that more complex software is less reliable and vice versa. The software reliability has a range of zero to one; hence software complexity is also defined as to have a range of zero to one. Further, these definitions are extended so that the complexity of interconnected network can be defined. Boolean Algebra approach for the reliability communication network is utilized. These definitions are especially important because of different software used in different parts of the internet. It is hoped that these definitions will become standard for the software engineers.
Dendritic cell dependent expression of IgA by clones in T/B microcultures.

We sought to develop a T-dependent, clonal B cell microculture in order to assess changes in freguencies and Ig isotype potential of antigen (Ag)-specific B cells, associated with oral/gut mucosal exposure to Ag. Particularly, we were concerned with the development of IgA-memory B cells (1) as predictive of an in vivo, secondary mucosal IgA antibody (Ab) response (2) and with the role of germinal centers (GC) in Peyer’s patches (PP) in the generation of these IgA-memory cells as well as IgA pre-plasmablasts. Our original T/B microculture was based on clonal culturing of B cells responsive to thymus-independent Ags, as practiced in the Nossal laboratory (3) using Ag-specific B cells enriched by panning on haptenated gelatin (4), except that we used cloned, Ag (conalbumin)-specific D10, TH 2 cells (5) and haptenated-Ag as stimuli (6). This system exhibited H-2 haplotype restriction and a requirement for linked recognition of hapten and carrier. An Ag-independent version of this T/B microculture utilized the alloreactivity of the D1O cells versus I-Ab molecules and purified F1, k — b, B cells (6). Both systems promoted a high frequency of productive B cell clones (1-50%) that exhibited intraclonal isotype switching.
Examining the Role of Management Control Systems in the Creation of an Innovative Culture

This paper examines the association between a differentiation strategy and the emergence of innovation using a package of management control systems (MCS) tools at the operational level. We empirically test theory developed by Simons (2005, 2010) and Chenhall (2011) to examine Organic Innovation Culture, Formal Controls, and an Entrepreneurial Gap job design (EG), as a package of MCS tools at the operational level. There is evidence that all three MCS tools are both selected or are effective in enhancing Innovation. However, internally, Staff activities and Line activities show significant variation in their use of MCS tools. Formal Controls and EG are effective for staff activities but not for line activities. For line activities Organic Culture is effective but Formal Controls are detrimental.
Cutaneous manifestations of diabetes mellitus: a clinical study

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a leading cause of morbidity with adverse effects on various systems including skin. Cutaneous manifestations seen in diabetes aid in its diagnosis and some of them may also correlate with diabetic control, duration and other complications. This study was undertaken to estimate burden of skin disorders among diabetics in a tertiary care centre of Uttarakhand. Methods: The study was conducted at Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India, over a period of one year from January 2016 to December 2016. Three hundred and seventy seven patients irrespective of age and sex were included in the study and those with gestational diabetes were excluded. Patients were examined for mucocutaneous manifestations and evaluated. Structured case reporting form was used to generate data. Results: Out of 377 patients studies, 114 (30.2%) were in the age group of 51-60 years. Male to female ratio was 1.44:1. Mucocutaneous manifestations were present in 278/377 (73.7%) patients. Common cutaneous manifestations were cutaneous infections [fungal infections (n=106/377; 28.1%), bacterial infections (n=33/377; 8.8%)], pruritus (n=47/377; 12.5%), xerosis (n=39/377; 10.3%), diabetic dermopathy (n=36/377; 9.5%) and diabetic ulcers (n=24/377; 6.4%). Uncommon manifestations were necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum, alopecia areata, scleredema diabeticorum and granuloma annulare. Cutaneous reactions due to treatment of diabetes were noted in 4 (1%) patients. Conclusions: As prevalence of cutaneous manifestations is high in diabetic patients, knowledge of these will help in a timely and comprehensive management of both diabetes and dermatoses.
The Value Implications of Mandatory Clawback Provisions

Performance-based compensation can give managers an incentive to misreport financial information. This incentive can be mitigated by requiring the recoupment of erroneously awarded performance-based compensation from executives, which is known as a clawback provision. We study the value implications of having a clawback provision by examining the stock market’s reaction to the SEC’s announcement of proposed Rule 10D-1 that mandates clawback provisions. We find that relative to firms that had voluntarily adopted a clawback provision prior to the SEC’s announcement, firms that did not have a clawback provision experienced positive abnormal returns, suggesting that clawback provisions are value-enhancing. Furthermore, the announcement had the greatest positive impact on firms without a clawback with more powerful managers. Our findings suggest that clawbacks create a valuable disincentive to misreport information, but that despite this, powerful managers may resist their adoption, which is why regulation mandating clawbacks may be necessary.
The fragility of alkali silicate glass melts: Part of a universal topological pattern

Abstract The compositional variation of the fragility of alkali silicate glasses is shown to mimic that of most all other network forming oxide glasses when graphed as a function of a coarse-grained network connectivity which incorporates rigid structural units associated with intermediate range order. Following procedures established previously, we demonstrate how this coarse graining for both sodium and potassium silicate glasses is achieved using a variety of intermediate range order structures reported in the literature.
Abstract 151: Post-Partum Hypertension in Response to Acute Kidney Injury During Pregnancy

AKI during pregnancy is associated with high rates of maternal morbidity/mortality as well as fetal loss. Unfortunately women with HELLP (hemolysis, elevated liver, and low platelet) syndrome and p...
Moire Interferometry Studies of Displacement Fields Surrounding Elastic Plastic Bimetallic Interface Cracks

Moire interferometry displacement fields for two material systems containing interface cracks will be discussed. The first system is an age hardened Ti-6V-4A1 diffusion bonded to a commercially pure titanium metal. The second system to be examined will be age hardened Ti-6V-4A1 diffusion bonded to a dispersion strengthened copper alloy [1]. The copper alloy system contains excellent strength and age hardening characteristics while the commercially pure titanium can be considered as elastic perfectly plastic. The age hardened titanium in both cases can be considered as elastic. Through thickness interface crack displacement fields at the diffusion bond line will be examined for both systems.
The Meaning of “One Person, One Vote” or Let Us Split the Baby in Half: Evenwel v. Abbott

Objective This article evaluates Evenwel v. Abbott to determine how and why the U.S. Supreme Court reached the decision it did in determining whether the appropriate database for a state to utilize in redistricting is the total population count or the American Community Survey's five‐year estimates. At the core of the decision was whether apportionment was based on participation or representation, voters or total population. Method A qualitative analysis of plaintiff and defendant arguments and the district court's and U.S. Supreme Court's decisions. Additionally, a discussion of the accuracy of the American Community Survey's five‐year estimate is presented. Conclusion The final decision was a decisive unanimous decision where the Court concluded, citing historical, constitutional precedence and traditional redistricting practices, that total population generated by the U.S. Census Bureau every decade was to be used as the base data for redistricting. The Supreme Court definitively stated that apportionment and redistricting were designed as representational mechanisms for all persons counted by the Bureau of the Census and not simply voters.
Satellite-based NDVI crop coefficients and evapotranspiration with eddy covariance validation for multiple durum wheat fields in the US Southwest

Abstract A three-year study was conducted to assess the ability of satellite-based vegetation index (VI) images to track evapotranspiration over wheat. While the ability of using VIs, notably with the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), to track vegetation growth has been well established, the operational capability to accurately estimate the crop coefficient (Kc) and crop evapotranspiration (ETc) at farm-scale from spaceborne platforms has not been widely studied. The study evaluated wheat ET over 7 sites between 2016 and 2019 in Yuma and Maricopa, Arizona, USA estimated by using Sentinel 2 and Venus satellites to map NDVI time-series for entire wheat cropping seasons, December to June. The basal crop coefficient (Kcb) was modeled by the NDVI time-series and the daily FAO56 reference ETo was obtained by near-by weather network stations. Eddy covariance (EC) stations in each field observed ETc during the same seasonal periods, and applied irrigation amounts were logged. The experiment found that remote sensing of NDVI and modeled Kcb accurately estimated Kc and crop ET during mid-season through senescence in most cases. However, NDVI-based estimation performed less well during early season (
On the Positive Definiteness of Limiting Coderivative for Set-Valued Mappings

This paper concerns the interconnection between the positive definiteness of limiting coderivative and the local strong maximal monotonicity of set-valued mappings suspected in Mordukhovich and Nghia (SIAM J. Optim. 26, 1032–1059, 2016, Conjecture 3.6). We disprove the conjecture by a counterexample and provide some special classes at which it is true. However, the positive definiteness of limiting coderivative characterizes a new property called nearly strong monotonicity. Consequently, we show that the strong metric regularity of set-valued mappings could be obtained under the positive definiteness of limiting coderivative.
Investments in Scientific Research: Examining the Funding Threshold Effects on Scientific Collaboration & Variation by Academic Discipline

This paper seeks to examine how federal financial support of academic scientists shapes their collaborative behavior. More specifically, it investigates two questions, 1) are there threshold sizes of federal grants that have effects on collaboration? And 2) do the threshold sizes differ by discipline. To test and model these questions, this paper uses data collected in a 2004-05 survey by the Research Valuing Mapping Project (a project based at Georgia Tech and led by Barry Bozeman) of 2086 academically based research scientists and engineers. The analysis in this paper reaffirms the positive relationship between federal funding and collaboration seen in previous works, but the findings suggest that there is in fact a threshold effect - as the positive relationship has a diminishing influence. The findings of this paper are more limited with respect to how academic disciplines’ threshold levels differ. The results indicate a difference in the threshold levels between disciplines for three of the eight models.
BRICS: An Alternative Economic Alliance to Challenge Western Hegemony

This study examines the role of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS) as emerging economic power in international development cooperation. The failure on the part of the western powers to accommodate the rising concerns of developing countries contributed to its emergence.Over the last decade, BRICS have increased their financial as well as technical assistance and established distinct ways and means of co-operation with developing countries. BRICS economies are severely influencing global development, especially in Low Income Countries. BRICS are not among the most prosperous countries according to per capita income.Yet they are influencing global economic development to a great extent through their strong economic dynamics as well as territorial and demographic dimensions.Their considerable impact on international aid architecture through principles of mutual respect and non-interference coupled with the creation of New Development Bank can be considered as an important milestone to create a non-polar world. A comparison between the aid diplomacy of BRICS and traditional donors outlines the practical and ideational role that it can play as a grouping, in reforming the global financial system and in the norm-setting processes in world politics. BRICS can be considered as an amalgam of unequal constituents representing diverse regions of contrasting capabilities. Their effectiveness in working as a forum not aligned by a shared ideology, political structure or culture, but through the thread of egalitarian consideration is another area of confrontation. Its effectiveness in generating confidence among other developing and less developed economies of the globe as an alternative to the existing international financial custodians like World Bank and IMF also forms an important area of analysis.
NMR Quantification of Hydrogen-Bond-Accepting Ability for Organic Molecules.

The hydrogen-bond-accepting abilities for more than 100 organic molecules are quantified using 19F and 31P NMR spectroscopy with pentafluorobenzoic acid (PFBA) and phenylphosphinic acid (PPA) as commercially available, inexpensive probes. Analysis of pyridines and anilines with a variety of electronic modifications demonstrates that changes in NMR shifts can predict the secondary effects that contribute to H-bond-accepting ability, establishing the ability of PFBA and PPA binding to predict electronic trends. The H-bond-accepting abilities of various metal-chelating ligands and organocatalysts are also quantified. The measured Δδ(31P) and Δδp(19F) values correlate strongly with Hammett parameters, pKa of the protonated HBA, and proton-transfer basicity (pKBH+).
Investigative Interviewing of Children in Sex Abuse Cases

Sexually abused children provide the chief source of information about their victimization. Yet child victims are often reluctant to disclose their abuse. Investigative interviewing strategies strive for forensic balance, that is, to avoid both false negatives (failing to identify true victims of sexual abuse) and false positives (wrongly identifying children as victims who are not). Considerable progress has been made in developing forensically sound and evidence-based investigative interview structures, protocols, and guidelines in the past 35 years, resulting in a number of common principles for investigative interviewing. Most structures, protocols, and guidelines fall into the categories of scripted and semi-structured. In this chapter, the importance of Children’s Advocacy Centers in the development of investigative interviews is described. Interview structures are covered. A continuum of questions from open-ended to close-ended is presented. Controversies about the use of media in investigative interviews are discussed.
Tighter upper bound for sorting permutations with prefix transpositions

Permutations are sequences where each symbol in the given alphabet Σ appears exactly once. A transposition is an operation that exchanges two adjacent sublists in a permutation; if one of these sublists is restricted to be a prefix then one obtains a prefix transposition. Transpositions over permutations have applications in genome rearrangements and computer interconnection networks. The set of permutations with n symbols derived from the alphabet Σ = { 0 , 1 , ? , n - 1 } form a symmetric group, that we denote by P n . The prefix transposition distance between two permutations π * ? P n and π ~ ? P n is the minimum number of prefix transpositions, also called moves, needed to transform π * into π ~ . A prefix transposition can be modeled by a permutation operation. A permutation is type of sequence and it is also an operation. The generators for prefix transposition operation are a subset of permutation operation. As a result, transforming an arbitrary π * ? P n to an arbitrary π ~ ? P n is equivalent to sorting some π ? ? P n . Thus, upper bound for transforming any π * ? P n into any π ~ ? P n with prefix transpositions is simply the upper bound to sort any permutation π ? P n with moves. In the article that establishes the best known upper bound for prefix transposition distance over P n as n - log 9 / 2 ? n , explicit proofs were not given for some cases. In this article, we provide the missing proofs, validating the stated upper bound. Furthermore, we establish an upper bound of n - log 7 / 2 ? n for prefix transposition distance over P n .
The Rationalization of Policy: On the Relation between Democracy and the Rule of Law

What is the nature of the relation between democracy and the rule of law? Why did the two develop more or less simultaneously in the West, and why do we tend to conjoin them when describing good government? After all, the two are theoretically distinct: a non-democratic regime may operate with a robust rule of law (think of 18th Century England), and a democratically elected government may flout rule of law principles (think of Russia or Turkey or Pakistan). And yet, there seems to be some mutual reinforcement — perhaps even interdependence — between these two systems of political organization.This article will survey some common explanations for the confluence of democracy and the rule of law, and will then propose one of its own — namely, that the two complement each other in the rationalization of government power.
On the nature of the gamma ray emission from CG 195 + 4

The observed gamma ray energy spectrum of CG 195 + 4 is compared with the predictions of various proposed emission models. It is shown that the observations favor an inverse Compton origin of the gamma ray emission from this source. A scenario is suggested in which ultraviolet and soft X-ray photons (E less than 20 keV) are scattered by relativistic electrons into the gamma ray regime.
CHANGES IN MULTI-MODE BUS TRANSIT EFFICIENCY, 1988-1992

This paper examines the claim that US bus transit productivity has declined in recent years. It does so with reference to a piecewise-linear best-practice (DEA) production frontier, computed for multi-modal bus transit between 1988 and 1992. Efficiency is measured both by a Russell (static) and Malmquist (dynamic) measure of productivity change. The principal finding is that, overall, bus transit efficiency has improved slightly over the period.
Review and perspective of the 12 th bronchoalveolar lavage conference within the second joint WASOG-BAL International Conference

Personally, it was a great pleasure to attend and participate in the 10 WASOG and 12 BAL Conferences for, importantly, the Second joined meeting of these related organizations, held in Maastricht, The Netherlands, between June 15-18, 2011. As Dr. Stavros Constantopoulos has written (1), mathematical history indicated that the two organizations should meet at sometime in the same place, which occurred for the first joined WASOGBAL Congress in Athens in 2008. This “showed the way for the future, since... the second” (1) joint meeting has occurred in Maastricht. Preparing a Summary of information disseminated at the recent joint meeting, I am privileged to provide again a perspective, as done for the 11 BAL Conference (2, 3), on BAL usage and some preliminary findings presented from this clinical approach for interstitial lung diseases. But before beginning, I would like to mention that this Second joint meeting (and 12 BAL Conference) held in 2011 represented an anniversary for me and my research colleagues who have used BAL to sample the human respiratory airways. In the summer of 1971 while working at the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland, we received a gift of a fiber-optic bronchoscope, as designed by Dr. S. Ikeda (4), which permitted us to extend our animal lung lavage studies into human subjects. Dr. Harold Newball and I subsequently presented BAL cellular and non cellular findings from normal non-smoker and smoker volunteers (5). This has remained the cornerstone of my clinical research interests for the past 40 years (6). Participating in the joint meeting were many of the basic and clinical investigators associated with the spectrum of interstitial lung diseases (ILDs), emphasizing in particular Sarcoidosis. The Conference in fact doubled as a Pulmonary review course in that approximately 12 other lung diseases were discussed and updated, including those related to: occupational and environmental causes, drug-induced disease, vasculitis, pulmonary hypertension, cystic fibrosis, lung transplantation, and various lung infectious diseases. As expected with the focus on the ILD topics, there was little mention of asthma, lung cancer except associated with IPF, or COPD, although some mechanisms are now being recognized to overlap. At least 8 organ-system complications from Sarcoidosis were presented. A helpful discussion of relevant end points related to the design of clinical studies of Sarcoidosis was pertinent. Also, updating the continued development of biologicals for treatment was interesting, as well as results of clinical trials using some, such as Rituximab. In the future biologicals may constitute a sizReview and perspective of the 12 Bronchoalveolar Lavage Conference within the second joint WASOG-BAL International Conference
Rotation rates of Kuiper-belt objects from their light curves

Very little is known about the physical properties of Kuiper-belt objects1, due to their relatively small size and large distance from the Earth. For example, a Kuiper-belt object with a diameter of 300 km at a typical distance of ∼30 AUwould subtend an angle of only 0.014 arcsec. It is therefore possible to investigate their surface markings, shapes and rotational properties only through variations in the light that they reflect (their light curves). Here we report a survey of optical light curves from Kuiper-belt objects. Variations are observed only for the faintest objects in the survey. We can rule out eclipsing binary objects and variations in the surface markings as the origin of these light curves, suggesting that the observed variations are due to the rotation of irregularly shaped objects. Irregular shapes may be limited to the smallest Kuiper-belt objects because the material strength in their inner regions is sufficient to maintain the shape against the weight of the overlying material. If, however, all of the objects in our survey are of essentially the same size, then the intrinsically faintest ones may be composed of a stronger and darker material than the brighter ones.