cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cortactin is required for podosome formation downstream of activated Src kinase

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006 1818 Podosomes are actin-rich adhesive structures found in transformed cells that are implicated in cancer cell invasion and metastasis. Cortactin is an Arp2/3 activating and actin-binding protein initially identified as a major substrate in v-Src transformed cells, and is a core podosome component. Cortactin has recently been implicated in podosome formation and function in smooth muscle cells. However, a complete understanding of cortactin’s role in podosome formation during Src-induced transformation has not been reported. To determine the role of cortactin in podosome formation in response to Src transformation, we introduced a GFP-tagged temperature sensitive mutant of v-Src (tsLa29-GFP) into Src-deficient (SYF) fibroblasts. The optimum timing for podosome formation when cells expressing tsLa-29-GFP were switched from the non-permissive temperature (41°C) to the permissive temperature (35°C) was 2 h as determined by confocal fluoresence microscopy and rhodamine phalloidin labeling. Inhibition of cortactin expression by siRNA substantially diminished the ability of tsLA29-GFP to induce podosome formation at the permissive temperature. Pretreatment of SYF cells expressing tsLA29-GFP for 1 h with the Src/Abl small molecule inhibitor AZD0530 also ablated podosome formation at the permissive temperature. Collectively, these findings indicate that cortactin is required for Src-mediated podosome formation and that downregulation of Src activity correlates with inhibited podosome formation. We are currently investigating the role of Src-mediated cortactin phosphorylation in podosome assembly, extracellular matrix degradation and invasion.
Reduced Antigenicity Of Ovine Factor VIII In Human Hemophilia A Inhibitor Plasmas

Current treatment of hemophilia A is severely limited by the development of anti-fVIII inhibitory antibodies (inhibitors). Several approaches are being pursued to overcome these limitations including the utilization of human (h) fVIII alternatives such as porcine (p) fVIII, currently in clinical trials, or bypassing agents such as recombinant human activated factor VII. During our characterization of recombinant pfVIII, we identified several species-specific differentials in biochemical and immunological properties that were predicted to impart superior therapeutic capability including greater specific activity, slower decay following activation, significantly improved biosynthetic rate, and reduced antigenicity. Some patients, however, harbor cross-reactive and inhibitory antibodies against pfVIII and thus are not responsive to pfVIII therapeutics. Recently, we characterized the biochemical properties of recombinant ovine (o) fVIII and now sought to study its antigenic properties by determining the antigenicity and residual activity of ofVIII in inhibitor patient plasmas. ELISAs measuring reactivity to B-domain deleted (BDD) hfVIII, pfVIII, and ofVIII were performed on 38 patient plasmas (28 congenital and 10 acquired patients) revealing 34 patients with reduced reactivity against pfVIII and ofVIII when compared to hfVIII. Furthermore, both orthologs displayed equivalent degrees of cross reactivity in comparison to hfVIII ( P = 0.155; Mann-Whitney U Test). Investigation of the residual activity of each fVIII molecule in the inhibitor patient plasmas using a modified Bethesda assay revealed that pfVIII and ofVIII were functionally less inhibited than hfVIII with median values of 3.0, 6.6, and 27.9, respectively, but were not significantly different from each other ( P 90% of fVIII activity at saturating concentrations. Ten patients were known to have A2 domain specific inhibitors as determined by homolog scanning ELISA. Four of these patients demonstrated competition with A2 mAbs. Interestingly, competition was only observed within group A and B inhibitors by two mAbs tested; Mab413, and G6. In the C2 domain, we saw significant competition in all groups except group B, with no observed specificity. Ten patients displayed competition within the C2 and of those, 7 patients retained titers above 10 B.U. against ofVIII and 6 patients against pfVIII. Performing a similar ELISA against pfVIII and ofVIII found that the same group A A2 inhibitory mAbs did not bind pfVIII and ofVIII compared to hfVIII. Collectively, these data suggest that low Bethesda titers against pfVIII and ofVIII are due to the lack of antigenic A2 domain epitopes in these molecules, while in cases where residual titers above 10 B.U. persist, it is primarily due to the presence of cross-reactive polyclonal C2 inhibitors. These data also support the utility of homolog scanning as a method to identify the most antigenic epitopes in hfVIII, and the information obtained can be utilized to rationally design less antigenic fVIII products. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Spectra and bonding for copper(II)-aminoalcohol complexes—I: The I.R. spectra of complexes of mono-, di- and triethanolamine☆

Abstract I.R. spectral studies were used to determine the coordination about the copper(II) ion for a number of complexes formed by reaction of copper(II) hydroxide, sulfate, perchlorate or nitrate with mono-, di- or triethanolamine. Mono-, di- and triethanolamine are represented by AOH, DOH and TOH, respectively, and AO−, DO− and TO− represent the corresponding ions. The compounds studied are: Cu(AOH)3SO4, Cu(AOH)2SO4, Cu(AO)(AOH)NO3, Cu(AO)(AOH)ClO4, Cu(AO) (AOH)OH, Cu(AO)2, Cu(DOH)2SO4·H2O, Cu(DOH)2(NO3)2, Cu(DO)(DOH)ClO4, Cu(DO)2, Cu(TOH)2SO4, Cu(TOH)SO4·2H2O, Cu(TOH)(NO3)2 and Cu(TO)OH·H2O. If the number of potential donor sites from the aminoalcohol molecules does not exceed four and if the sulfate ion is not present, a nearly square, 4-coordinate structure is favored. If the aminoalcohol molecules plus the sulfate ions provide six or more donor sites and if one or more two-fold symmetry axes are possible, a somewhat distorted 6-coordinate structure generally results. For the remaining compounds for which such symmetry is not possible a distorted 5-coordinate structure is preferred.
Chapter 10 Handwriting movement control

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the psychological, neurological, biomechanical, and computational theories of handwriting production. Handwriting may have many features in common with these related motor skills so that a unified theory of these skills seems feasible. However, a unified cognitive theory of all motor skills, including grasping, posture, gait, jumping, or navigation is still lacking. The chapter presents the skill of handwriting in the context of other motor skills and general motor concepts. However, handwriting skill includes only a limited domain of the basic motor skills. This may limit generalization of the knowledge of the handwriting motor system to other motor skills; but at the same time, this limited domain allows simpler theories. Many other computational models for specific purposes, such as automatic online handwriting recognition and signature verification, exist. Appropriate models attempt to describe the handwriting pattern in a parsimonious set of parameters that may suggest that these parameters are less sensitive to motor noise and primarily express the underlying movement information.
Reactions of diborane with aromatic heterocycles—21

Abstract The reactions of solutions of B 2 H 6 in ethers with a variety of aromatic heterocycles containing one or more six-membered rings with only one nitrogen per ring have been examined. Quinoline and isoquinoline form monoborane adducts which hydroborate in the presence of an excess of B 2 H 6 . Protonolysis gives the 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-compounds in both cases. N -Methylquinolinium and N -methylisoquinolinium iodides both hydroborate. Hydroboration and halogen loss occur with 2-, 3- or 4-haloquinolines (chlorine or bromine). Prior to hydroboration 8-hydroxyquinoline forms a borane adduct which rapidly eliminates one equivalent of hydrogen in a probable intramolecular ring closure. Sodium 8-hydroxyquinolinate combines with B 2 H 6 in an unsymmetrical cleavage reaction to form B 2 H 7 − or BH 4 − , and the same ring closed product formed by 8-hydroxyquinoline. Phenanthridine and N -methylphenanthridinium iodide both readily undergo hydroboration. The products formed by the latter with B 2 H 6 are 5-methyl-5,6-dihydrophenanthridine-borane and an iodoborane etherate. 1,8-Naphthyridine forms a transient borane complex which rapidly undergoes hydroboration; protonolysis gives 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-l,8-naphthyridine. 2,2′-Bipyridyl undergoes a complex reaction with one equivalent of BH 3 giving a mixture of bpy·2BH 3 and hydroborated products, but 4,4′-bipyridyl does not appear to hydroborate. 1,10- and 1,7-Phenanthroline both hydroborate giving a mixture of reduced products on protonolysis. Pyridine-borane and 2-phenylpyridine-borane both decompose in refluxing diglyme, but protonolysis gives no reduced products in either case.
A STOCHASTIC METHOD FOR MODELING FLUID DISPLACEMENT IN PETROLEUM RESERVOIRS

In the attempt to achieve optimal recovery of petroleum from a reservoir, it is usually necessary to model numerically the fluid displacements within the reservoir. These displacements often involve the propagation of steep fronts, such as those between different fluids or between regions of differing chemical concentrations. Such fronts generally pose difficulty for numerical methods, the overcoming of which has stimulated the development of new methods in recent years. We discuss our recent work on one such method, the random choice method, which has the inherent capability of following even perfectly sharp fronts. The use of the method is illustrated for multi-dimensional, two-phase, immiscible porous flow, including the effects of capillary pressure and of gravity.
Localized Corrosion Currents and pH Profile over B4C , SiC, and Al2O3 Reinforced 6092 Aluminum Composites I. In 0.5 M Na 2 S O 4 Solution

Particulate 6092-T6 Al metal matrix composites (MMCs) reinforced with of , SiC, and exhibited localized corrosion when immersed in a solution exposed to air at room temperature. For the MMCs reinforced with and SiC, the scanning vibrating electrode technique (SVET) revealed that corrosion initiated at localized anodic regions, which transformed into cathodic regions over time. The scanning ion-selective electrode technique (SIET) revealed that the localized anodic regions were acidified, and the localized cathodic regions were alkalinized. The observed anodic-cathodic transformation behavior was attributed to aluminum which has amphoteric oxides, the formation of microcrevices by reinforcement particles left in relief, and the possible galvanic action between the 6092-T6 Al matrix and the and SiC reinforcement particles. The localized anodic and cathodic regions were many times larger than the individual reinforcement particle size. For the -reinforced MMC, localized corrosion coincided with regions showing some cathodic activity and alkalinity. The extent of corrosion of these three MMCs was found to increase with decreasing reinforcement resistivities ρ (i.e., ).
Desires, Reasons, and Causes

Jonathan Dancy's Practical Reality makes a significant contribution to clari fying the relationship between desire and reasons for acting, both the norma tive reasons we seek in deliberation and the motivating reasons we cite in explanation. About the former, Dancy argues that, not only are normative reasons not all grounded in desires, but, more radically, the fact that one desires something is never itself a normative reason. And he argues that desires fail to figure in motivating reasons also, concluding that neither the fact nor the state of desire is ever a motivating reason for acting. I am in sig nificant agreement with Dancy about these matters, but I want to register some reservations nonetheless. Dancy is certainly right to reject the DBR (desire-based reasons) thesis that all normative reasons are grounded in desires.1 Desires, he points out, call for reasons no less than do actions. But I think he insufficiently appreciates a way in which facts about the agent's desires and related practical psychic states can provide normative reasons. Not that this gives away anything to Dancy's Humean opponents. What gives an agent's desires, values, and moral convictions normative weight, I shall sug gest, is her dignity and integrity as an individual person. With regard to motivating reasons, I argue that the issue between Dancy's "anti-psychologism" and psychologistic approaches is to some extent verbal, depending on whether we take 'motivating reason' to be synonymous with 'agent's reason' or not. Humeans about motivation, like Michael Smith, can consistently use 'motivating reason' for the state that plays a certain role in teleological explanations while using 'agent's reason' in ways that agree more or less with Dancy. Even here, however, I argue that Dancy's analysis rightly emphasizes an important distinction that Humeans appreciate insuffi ciently, namely, between having a goal and taking something as a reason, and that Dancy is right that the latter is centrally involved in action in ways the Humean account fails to bring out.
The impact of incremental innovation in biopharmaceuticals: drug utilisation in original and supplemental indications.

Background: The apparent decrease in the rate of approval of new molecular entities has provoked extensive discussion and fears that the productivity of biopharmaceutical research and development has severely declined in recent years.
A Low Profile Microstrip Yagi Dipole Antenna for Wireless Communications in the 5 GHz Band

A low profile microstrip Yagi antenna is presented for 5 GHz band wireless applications such as WLAN and DSRC. Results are presented to demonstrate that the characteristics of the proposed antenna can be altered through changing various parameters in the design. The antenna achieves high gain of 5.95 to 10.4 dBi across the 5 to 6 GHz frequency range without the use of active components. The impedance bandwidth is 9.53% and 11.34% within 2:1 VSWR at 5.35 and 5.89 GHz resonance frequencies.
Dispersal Versus Site Tenacity of Adult and Juvenile Red-Backed Salamanders (Plethodon cinereus)

In many species of amphibians that display territoriality, it is unclear at what life stage and to what extent dispersal occurs. We examined whether differences existed between life stages in dispersal and homing in red-backed salamanders (Plethodon cinereus) in continuous habitat. In a mark-recapture study, we found that juvenile and adult movements between years were not significantly different. The median distances moved by both adults (0.85-0.88 m) and juveniles (1.14-1.22 m) of P. cinereus between years were similar to the diameter of adult home ranges in this area (1.15 m). In a homing experiment, we found that, although the probability of recapture of translocated individuals under their original cover object increased with body size, both adults and juveniles successfully orientated toward their original cover objects when displaced over short distances (1.5 m and 6.25 m), but their orientation was random when displaced long distances (12.5 m and 25 m). Despite the current assumption that juveniles of P. cinereus lack territorial behaviors, our results suggest that regardless of life stage, site tenacity accounts for lack of movements. TERRITORIALITY can be defined as the defense and advertisement of an area by an animal with the goal of exclusive occupancy (Wilson, 1975). Maintenance of a territory and the site fidelity associated with such mainte- nance can be energetically expensive because they limit time available for other activities
The Interplay of Half-site Sequence and Spacing on the Activity of Direct Repeat Thyroid Hormone Response Elements

Direct repeats of the hexamer AGGTCA can serve as response elements for vitamin D, thyroid hormone, or retinoic acid. The specificity of the response appears to reside in the spacing between the hexamers, with response elements for vitamin D restricted to direct repeats separated by a 3-base pair (bp) spacer, thyroid hormone a 4-bp spacer, and retinoic acid a 5-bp spacer (3-4-5 rule). Recently we have shown that the optimum thyroid hormone receptor binding site consists of an 8-bp sequence (TAAGGTCA), not a hexamer. Therefore we tested whether the 3-4-5 rule is valid for octamer sequence direct repeats. In transfection experiments octamer direct repeats with 3-, 4-, or 5-bp spacers conferred equivalently strong thyroid hormone responses, although a repeat with a 9-bp spacer was substantially weaker. For the 4- and 5-bp spacer constructs, the 5' half-site octamer had as strong an influence on thyroid hormone induction as did the 3' half-site octamer, although for the 3-bp spacer construct the 5' octamer was marginally less potent than the 3' octamer. Transfection and gel shift experiments did not suggest a simple correlation between the binding of thyroid hormone receptor-retinoid X receptor heterodimers and thyroid hormone induction from these response elements. We conclude that half-site sequence can override the effect of spacing in determining the hormone responsiveness of a direct repeat response element. In addition, the thyroid hormone response may not be due simply to the binding of thyroid hormone receptor-retinoid X receptor heterodimers to the DNA.
Rietveld Refinement of the Crystal Structure of Cs(IV), ad-Electron Metal

Abstract Rietveld refinement of the crystal structure of the high-pressure phase Cs(IV) is described. Cs(IV) has a transition metal-like electronic structure that influences its open-packed crystal structure, which consists of trigonal prisms of Cs atoms. The structure was refined with reliability factors R 2 F =0.050, R wp =0.043, and R p =0.032 in space group I 4 1 / amd with the cesium atoms in the 4a position.
Application of Cepstral Analysis To Radar Target Discrimination Using E-Pulse Cancellation

The cepstral analysis technique may be used to recover a transient signal using only the spectral magnitude for a class of signals known as minimum phase. This paper considers the use of cepstral analysis in conjunction with the E-pulse method for target identification. A short review of cepstral analysis and the E-pulse discrimination method will be presented. The transient responses from several known targets will be derived by applying an inverse Fourier transform to the target's spectral response consisting of both magnitude and phase information. A library of E-pulse waveforms will then be constructed for these known targets. The transient response from an unknown target will be constructed using only the modulus of the target's spectral response. This information will then be used to evaluate the performance of a discrimination algorithm based on the E-pulse method. Both numerically derived scattering data and experimentally measured data for practical target models will be used in the analysis.
Parathyroid cysts: a case report and review of the literature.

Objectives/Hypothesis: Parathyroid cysts are rare clinical entities. They frequently present as a clinical diagnostic problem. They may mimic solitary thyroid nodules. The purpose of the study was to review the literature and present a case of a 22-year-old euthyroid woman presenting with recurrent swelling in the neck. Her complaints included choking and dysphagia. Fine-needle aspiration of the mass revealed clear, watery fluid with an extremely high level of calcium and c-terminal midmolecule parathyroid hormone assay in excess of 8000 pg/mL. Treatment consisted of neck exploration and removal of a 6 x 5-cm cystic encapsulated mass. Pathological diagnosis revealed a benign parathyroid cyst. The role of needle aspiration in diagnosing thyroid masses and the importance of parathyroid hormone assay in diagnosing parathyroid cyst are emphasized.
Signal characteristic alterations of carotid artery dissection on high resolution magnetic resonance imaging: a follow-up study

Carotid artery dissection (CAD) is one of the most common causes of stroke in young and middle aged adults. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is commonly used for evaluation of suspected CAD.
Career Edge Academies and the Workplace Learning Connection: Two Initiatives, One System for Future Workforce Development

For more than 6 years, Kirkwood Community College has demonstrated its ability to redefine the community college commitment to open access for high school graduates. Through the Career Edge Academi...
Biosatellite Photo-Optical Instrumentation For the 30-Day Orbiting Primate Mission

This paper describes the photo-optical instrumentation system presently being implemented for the Biosatellite 30-day mission. This instrumentation has been designed to provide a periodic photographic record of the activities of a restrained Macaca nemestrina primate for the duration of the mission. The 30-day satellites are among the most complex of the unmanned satellites ever built for NASA. The equipment aboard them, including photo-optical equipment, shall not only perform reliably but must also withstand the adverse environments of launch, orbit, re-entry, and recovery while subject to the constraints of minimum power consumption, size, and weight. The effect of these factors is discussed in terms of the system requirements (resolution and contrast by day and night) and constraints (capsule-light levels, cosmic radiation, capsule-space limitations).© (1967) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
A normal stress SPECT scan is an effective gatekeeper for coronary angiography

The effectiveness of stress single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) as a gatekkeper for coronary angiography has not been extensively investigated. The characteristics of patients referred for carly angiography after a normal stress SPECT study have not been described. Over a 10-year period, 14,273 patients without documented coronary artery disease (CAD) underwent stress SPECT. Images were abnormal in 47% and normal in 53%. The overall survival rate at 15 years was 55% for patients with abnormal images versus 71% for those with normal images (P<.001). Early coronary angiography (≤3 months) was performed in only 97 patients (1.3%) with normal SPECT studies versus 1,756 patients (26%) with abnormal SPECT studies (P<.001). Most patients with normal SPECT studies referred for carly angiography (85%) had clinical, exercise, or scintigraphic findings worrisome for CAD. Two thirds of these highly selected patients with normal SPECT studies who underwent angiography did not have significant CAD; the remining one third had primarily 1- and 2-vessel CAD. Stress SPECT is an effective gatekeeper for coronary angiography. The annual overall mortality rate for patients with normal images was 1.9%. Only 1.3% of patients with normal images were referred for early angiography.
Mina Loy’s Modern Long Poem: New York and the Compensations of Poverty

Modernist poet Mina Loy composed a series of poems in and about lower Manhattan during the late 1930s and into the 1940s, which she listed together in her notes under the title Compensations of Poverty. The poems, however, have never been collected or analyzed together as a group for their relationship to each other. The archival drafts of the poems, along with the published versions of poems, suggest that they be understood as a conscious grouping much like the long poems Loy’s modernist contemporaries were producing at the same moment in literary history. Taken together as one long poem comprised of various lyrics, this text focuses on figures and spaces typically marginalized by the workings of urban modernity: the homeless, children, and even insects who reside in the Lower East Side of New York. Loy’s Compensations of Poverty links seemingly different female figures to interrogate economic and spiritual value in the cityscape, suggesting finally that the poet figure serves as the force of transformation from an impoverished landscape to a divine one.
The Sociocultural Benefits of Writing for African American Adolescent Males.

Historically speaking, reading and writing among African Americans were collaborative acts involving a wide range of texts that held social, economic, political, or spiritual significance. One of the constants of literacy collaboratives was being regularly and purposefully engaged with print within a meaningful social context. During the summer of 2009 we reconstructed a communal approach to engage 12 adolescent males (ages 12–17) with reading and writing texts as we examined the sociocultural benefits of writing for these young males during a 5-week qualitative case study framed by a theory of Black literate lives and communities of practice. We offer that there may be a need to (re)theorize writing for African American adolescent males, particularly those who are underperforming in schools and who are experiencing incidents that produce vulnerability at a disproportionate rate.
Focus and dose characterization of immersion photoclusters

The process window for state of the art chip manufacturing continues to decrease, driven by higher NA exposure tools and lower k1 values. The benefits of immersion lithography for Depth of Focus (DoF) are well known. Yet even with this immersion boost, NA=1.35 tools can push DoF into sub-100nm territory. In addition, immersion processes are subject to new sources of dose and focus variation. In order to realize the full potential of immersion lithography, it is necessary to characterize, understand and attack all sources of process variation. Previous work has established our dose/focus metrology capability1, in which we expose Process Monitor Grating (PMG) targets with high sensitivity to focus, measure the PMGs using scatterometry, and use the Ausschnitt dose/focus deconvolution approach to determine focus errors to within a few nm and dose errors to within 0.1%. In this paper, we concentrate on applying this capability to the detailed measurements of immersion photoclusters utilizing ASML exposure tools. Results will include: • comparison of Twinscan 1700i and 1900i focus capability • effectiveness of the Reticle Shape Correction (RSC) for non-flat reticles • visualization of non-flat wafer chucks, tilted image planes, and other systematic focus error components • tracking of tool trends over time, using automated monitor wafer flows The highly systematic nature of the observed focus errors suggest potential for future improvements in focus capability.
Stability and crystallization of lead halosilicate glasses

Abstract Lead fluoro- and chlorosilicate systems show large regions of glass formation with significant areas of stable glasses as indicated by values T x − T g . Crystallizing highly conductive β-PbF 2 crystals from lead fluorosilicate glasses produced interesting conductivity results. Enhanced conductivity was noted for some devitrified samples, but interpretation of the data was difficult. Volatization of fluorine from fluorosilicate melts appears to be minimal as is shown by melt history effects on physical properties.
Role of CD8+ lymphocytes in chronic rejection of transplanted hearts.

Abstract Background: The contribution of CD8 + lymphocytes to the pathogenesis of cardiac allograft vasculopathy, or chronic rejection in heart transplants, remains undefined. We used both major histocompatibility complex class I mismatched and major histocompatibility complex class II mismatched models of cardiac allograft vasculopathy to characterize the role of CD8 + lymphocytes in the development of cardiac allograft vasculopathy. Methods: Donor hearts from B10.A mice were transplanted into B10.BR recipients (major histocompatibility complex class I mismatched). Donor hearts were harvested at 1, 7, 14, and 30 days after transplantation and (1) quantitated morphometrically for lesion development, (2) stained immunohistochemically, or (3) digested for isolation of graft-infiltrating cells. The cytotoxic phenotype of graft-infiltrating CD8 + lymphocytes was determined with flow cytometry. Intracellular cytokine staining of CD8 + and CD4 + lymphocytes for interleukin 2, interferon g, interleukin 4, and interleukin 10 was performed with 2-color flow cytometry. Finally, B6.C-H2 bm12 donor hearts were transplanted into either C57BL/6 wild-type (major histocompatibility complex class II mismatched) or CD8 −/− knockout recipients and examined for the development of cardiac allograft vasculopathy. Results: In the major histocompatibility complex class I mismatched model, CD8 + lymphocytes were the predominant T-lymphocyte subset that infiltrated the allografts and demonstrated markers of activation. The intracellular cytokine-staining assay demonstrated that CD8 + lymphocytes were the primary sources of allograft interleukin 2 and interferon γ. Intimal lesions developed in the allografts by day 14 (12.0% ± 4.0%) and further increased by day 30 (44.0% ± 5.0%). In the major histocompatibility complex class II mismatched model, the donor hearts in the CD8 −/− knockout recipients had substantially less severe intimal lesions when compared with the donor hearts in wild-type recipients (19.0% ± 6.0% vs 50.0% ± 7.0%, respectively; P Conclusions: In both major histocompatibility complex class I and II mismatched models, CD8 + lymphocytes contribute significantly to chronic rejection. The findings of this study suggest that control of chronic rejection requires interventions directed at CD8 + lymphocytes. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2002;123:803-9
Zones of Opacity: Data Fusion in Post-9/11 Security Organizations

In this paper, we draw upon empirical research on fusion centres to theorize contemporary state surveillance. Instead of viewing fusion centres as central repositories for stockpiling and sharing personal data, we introduce the concept of "centres of concatenation" to describe how disparate data are drawn together as needed, invested with meaning, communicated to others, and then discarded such that no records exist of such surveillance activities. In these ways, fusion centres perform an erasure, or a selective non-generation, of data about their own practices, thereby creating zones of opacity that shield them from accountability. This is concerning particularly because fusion centres are rapidly becoming primary portals for law-enforcement investigations and the model for information sharing by security agencies more broadly. Dans cet article, nous nous penchons sur des recherches empiriques sur les centres d'integration afin de theoriser la surveillance contemporaine de l'Etat. Au lieu de considerer les centres d'integration comme des depots centraux pour le stockage et le partage de donnees personnelles, nous proposons le concept de « centres de concatenation » afin de decrire comment des donnees disparates sont reliees selon le besoin, chargees de signification, communiquees aux autres, puis ensuite disposees de maniere a ce qu'il n'existe aucune documentation sur de telles activites de surveillance. Ainsi, les centres d'integration assurent que leurs propres pratiques ne sont pas documentees, ce qui cree des zones d'opacite qui les permettent de se soustraire de toutes responsabilites. Cette situation est preoccupante d'autant plus que les centres d'integration deviennent rapidement les sites primaires des enquetes menees par les organismes d'application de la loi ainsi que le modele pour le partage des donnees des agences de securite en general.
PIECEWISE REGRESSION: A SIMPLIFIED PROCEDURE†

A recurring problem is the estimation of regression parameters when the data sample is hypothesized to have been generated by more than a single regression model. This problem of ‘piecewise regression’ has been examined previously by using a combination of regression theory and hierarchical cluster analysis. The approach espoused here is applicable in a limited domain, but when it applies allows a solution to be found with very little calculation. Tukey's ‘jackknife’ is used to test the meaningfulness of any suggested subdivision of the regression curve into pieces. Two examples are included.
MGMT: its role in cancer aetiology and cancer therapeutics.

The DNA-repair protein O6-alkylguanine DNA alkyltransferase (AGT) has a wide range of activity in normal tissues and its evolutionary conservation indicates a fundamental role in cell physiology and maintenance of the genome. Through removal of alkylating lesions at O6 of guanine, AGT protects against mutagenesis and malignant transformation. In tumours, AGT provides resistance to treatment with alkylating agents, unless expression is lost by methylation of the promoter of the gene encoding AGT — O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) — or there is direct inhibition of AGT activity. When overexpressed in stem cells, MGMT serves as a drug-selection gene for gene therapy and protects normal tissues from the toxic effects of chemotherapy.
CREATING A SUSTAINABLE SUPPLY OF FINANCIAL SERVICES FOR THE RURAL POOR: A CHALLENGE FOR THE AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS PROFESSION

(1995). CREATING A SUSTAINABLE SUPPLY OF FINANCIAL SERVICES FOR THE RURAL POOR: A CHALLENGE FOR THE AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS PROFESSION. Agrekon: Vol. 34, No. 4, pp. 138-145.
Presidential Elections and the Stock Market: Comparing Markov-Switching and Fractionally Integrated GARCH Models of Volatility

Existing research on electoral politics and financial markets predicts that when investors expect left parties—Democrats (US), Labor (UK)—to win elections, market volatility increases. In addition, current econometric research on stock market volatility suggests that Markov-switching models provide more accurate volatility forecasts and fit stock price volatility data better than linear or nonlinear GARCH (generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity) models. Contrary to the existing literature, we argue here that when traders anticipate that the Democratic candidate will win the presidential election, stock market volatility decreases. Using two data sets from the 2000 U.S. presidential election, we test our claim by estimating several GARCH, exponential GARCH (EGARCH), fractionally integrated exponential GARCH (FIEGARCH), and Markov-switching models. We also conduct extensive forecasting tests—including RMSE and MAE statistics as well as realized volatility regressions—to evaluate these competing statistical models. Results from forecasting tests show, in contrast to prevailing claims, that GARCH and EGARCH models provide substantially more accurate forecasts than the Markov-switching models. Estimates from all the statistical models support our key prediction that stock market volatility decreases when traders anticipate a Democratic victory.
Defending the Statistical Status Quo

The practices suggested by Thompson (1999) have not been adopted by researchers because they would rarely be useful. There are problems with reports of effect size that depend on methodological det...
Simultaneous velocity interferometry and electronic streak photography of laser-launched plates

Laser-launched, miniature, pseudo-one-dimensional flyer plates are evaluated by three distinct optical techniques that may be incorporated into an optical diagnostic system to give a complete understanding of the plate performance. These techniques are: velocity interferometry, streak photography, and pulsed laser stereo photography.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The Edison medalist

TWO HUNDRED years ago Benjamin Franklin, by vocation a printer and journalist, and by avocation, a politician, diplomat, philosopher, and scientist, was spending his “avocation time” experimenting with static electricity and the newly invented Leyden jar. He presently came to the conclusion that the discharges from a Leyden jar were similar in general character to those occuring during a thunderstorm. But how to prove this conclusion experimentally? With a little shed in a small field near Philadelphia as a laboratory and with his precious Leyden jar and a kite as experimental equipment, and a thunderstorm as a source of electricity, Franklin in 1752 proved his theory. He thereby demonstrated conclusively that a lightning discharge is neither a display of the power or wrath of deities nor of the arrogance of devils, but rather is a large-scale demonstration of the silk cloth and glass tube experiment. Franklin's experimental work was of necessity of a qualitative nature. However, he blazed a trail that has been assiduously followed and greatly widened and extended by the man who has been awarded the Edison Medal for 1949, the highest honor bestowed by the Institute for meritorious achievements in “electrical science, electrical engineering, or the electrical arts.”
Electronic spectrum of furan from 2200 to 1950 Å

Abstract The electronic spectrum of furan is re-examined from 2200 to 1950 A via multiphoton ionization of the vapor and onephoton UV absorption of a supersonic jet. A new state found at 47700 cm −1 is assigned to the 1a 2 → 3s Rydberg. The vibratioral progression beginning at 45960 cm −1 on the low energy side of the N → V 1 band is tentatively assigned to that of the N → V 2 (π → π * ) transition.
Systematics of the genera Saccharomyces, Schizosaccharomyces, Endomycopsis, Kluyveromyces, Schwanniomyces and Brettanomyces : Proton magnetic resonance spectra of the mannans and mannose-containing polysaccharides as an aid in classification

The proton magnetic resonance spectra of the mannans and mannose-containing polysaccharides of 71 species ofSaccharomyces,Schizosaccharomyces, Endomycopsis, Kluyveromyces, Brettanomyces,Nematospora andSchwanniomyces and of some apparently related species ofTorulopsis were determined, grouped according to similarities in the spectra, and compared with those of the mannose-containing polysaccharides of some other yeasts. The spectra of the mannans produced bySaccharomyces, Kluyveromyces, Nematospora, Brettanomyces andTorulopsis were placed in 10 groups. The galactomannans formed by theSchizosaccharomyces species studied had very similar spectra which were placed in a single group. The spectra of the mannans of theSchwanniomyces species were likewise placed in a single group. The spectra of the mannans of theEndomycopsis species studied were not alike and were placed in three sub-groups.
Technology transfer and the East European transition

The East European transitions have unique historical features but they are also part of a universal trend toward democratization that both impelled their origins and influences their future direction. Other parts of the world are also undergoing one or more of these transitions in different guises, in particular from top-down bureaucratic controls to ‘bottom-up’ entrepreneurship. As the East implements market structures, there is a parallel movement in the West to introduce planning mechanisms — not centralized control structures of former socialism but decentralized procedures to identify critical technologies, and foresight exercises. The transition is toward a mixed system of market force and government incentives. Copyright , Beech Tree Publishing.
Oxidation of acetate and octanoate and its relation to glucose metabolism in contracting porcine carotid artery.

Abstract The oxidation of octanoate and acetate was measured in segments of porcine carotid arteries to ascertain whether the oxidation of exogenous fatty acid substrates (acetate and octanoate) is augmented during contraction induced by K+-depolarization. The oxidation of acetate increased from 7±1 to 14±2 nmol/min/g (P
Childhood back pain: Diagnostic evaluation of an unusual case

Abstract Low back pain is uncommon in children. The case of a 5-year-old boy presenting with back pain that proved to be caused by a metastatic primltive neuroectodermal tumor is presented and the evaluation of such patients is discussed.
Transganglionic degeneration in the spinal trigeminal nucleus following removal of tooth pulps in adult cats

It is generally thought that transganglionic degeneration of central axons following lesions of their peripheral processes does not occur in adult nervous systemS, 6. For this reason there has been a lack of anatomical descriptions of the central distribution of specific groups of peripheral sensory axons. We, however, have found reproducible axonal and terminal degeneration in specific regions of the spinal trigeminal nucleus in adult cats following tooth pulpectomies 12. Healthy adult cats were used and the absence of dental pathology was confirmed prior to operation and in the controls. Under pentobarbital anesthesia and using appropriate aseptic dental procedures, the pulps were completely removed from all of the teeth on one side of 12 animals. Following postoperative survival times of 7, 9, 11, 14, 21, 28 and 100 days the animals were perfused with 4~o formaldehyde in a phosphate buffer 11. Transverse frozen sections through the brain stem, including the major parts of the spinal trigeminal nucleus, were stained by either the NautaGygax v or the Fink-Heimer (I) 4 technique. Two normal, unoperated animals were sacrificed and processed in the same fashion to serve as controls. Fig. 1 illustrates the pattern of degeneration observed at 1 l days. Unequivocal axonal and terminal degeneration (Fig. 2) is seen predominantly in the ventral half to one-third of the subnucleus interpolaris of the spinal trigeminal complex, near and immediately rostral to the obex, with very much less in the adjacent subnuclei (caudalis and oralis). The distribution is bilateral, but heaviest on the side of the lesion. The occurrence of contralateral degeneration is surprising in view of what is known of the organization of this system 2, but it is a consistent finding here. A crossing pathway of degenerating fibers cannot be identified with certainty. The amount of degeneration is less at shorter or longer survivals, but the pattern is similar in each. Control animals, with healthy teeth, show no degeneration.
Remote actuator control method by visual feedback using ROI with communication property of multiple channels

Many types of sensors and actuators are being connected to networks, and highly functioning or highly efficient services that use them are being investigated. One useful application of such systems might be remotely controlling actuators by using visual feedback. This method would be used to capture images of actuators and transmit those images to highperformance computers via networks for fast image analysis for obtaining information related to the actuators' state, e.g., velocity and position. This method allows the separating of sensors, computing resources, and actuators. Thus, actuators can be easily fabricated and at a low cost. However, delay and loss of data in networks are possible, which negatively affect performance. Therefore, we propose a communication method that transmits only control data and small images sufficient for controlling actuators via stable networks for less cost and more flexible system design.
A Method to Identify Serine Kinase Substrates Akt PHOSPHORYLATES A NOVEL ADIPOCYTE PROTEIN WITH A Rab GTPASE-ACTIVATING PROTEIN (GAP) DOMAIN

This study describes a method for the identification of the substrates of specific serine kinases. An antibody specific for the phosphomotif generated by the kinase is used to isolate phosphorylated substrates by immunoprecipitation, and the isolated proteins are identified by tandem mass spectrometry of peptides. This method was applied to the identification of substrates for the protein kinase Akt, which specifically phosphorylates the RXRXXS/T motif. 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with insulin to activate Akt, and the putative Akt substrate proteins were isolated by immunoprecipitation with an antibody against the phospho form of this motif. This led to the identification of a novel 160-kDa substrate for Akt. The 160-kDa substrate for Akt, which was designated AS160, has a Rab GAP domain. Recombinant AS160 was shown to be a substrate for Akt, and two sites of phosphorylation, both in RXRXXS/T motifs, were identified by mass spectrometry and mutation. Insulin treatment of adipocytes caused AS160 to redistribute from the low density microsomes to the cytosol.
The preparation and acetolysis of some [π-phenylchromium tricarbonyl]benzyl p-toluenesulfonates and their noncomplexed analogs. a search for σπ delocalization

Abstract The substituted benzyl tosylates p-phenyl, p-(π-phenylchromium tricarbonyl), p-(p′-nitrophenyl), m-phenyl, m-(π-phenylchromium tricarbonyl) and m-(p′-nitrophenyl) have been prepared and their solvolysis rates in buffered and/or unbuffered acetic acid determined. At 69.0°C their reactivities relative to benzyl tosylate (1.00) are: 10.8, 7.14, 0.742, 0.571, 0.134 and 0.173, respectively. Conjugative substituent parameters are calculated at 69°C for p-nitrophenyl (σm+ 0.221, σp+ 0.060) and π-phenylchromium tricarbonyl (σm+ 0.262, σp+(0.144). The ability of α-(π-phenylchromium tricarbonyl) to stabilize electrophilic centers is compared with that of α-ferrocenyl and mechanisms of electron donation are discussed.
Diagnosis of fungal infections: current status

Diagnosing infections remains a problem in the management of fungal diseases, particularly in the immunocompromised host. Signs and symptoms are non-specific, colonization is difficult to distinguish from invasive disease, blood cultures are commonly negative and patients are often unable to undergo invasive diagnostic procedures. This situation has led to the strategy of initiating empirical therapy in the high-risk patient. A variety of tests has been applied to several body fluids. At the simplest level, the clinician must be familiar with the appearance of various fungi in tissue. Non-culture methods include antibody- and antigen-based assays, metabolite detection and molecular identification. The latter includes PCR identification of fungal DNA from body fluid samples using conserved or specific genome sequences. Detection of glucan in blood has been achieved using crab amoebocyte lysate. With aspergillosis, predictive clinical correlates have been defined, respiratory tract cultures are highly predictive of invasive disease in the appropriate setting and certain CT scan findings enable early diagnosis. Bronchoalveolar lavage is also very useful. Galactomannan antigen testing of blood is routine in some European centres, with EIA methodology supplanting agglutination because of apparently greater sensitivity. PCR has been made specific by genus-specific probes, with 100% sensitivity and reasonable specificity. In candidosis, the number of sites of colonization correlates with invasion. Tests for mannan antibodies and antigenaemia are currently of interest. Metabolite assays appeared promising but have not been pursued commercially. In cryptococcosis, pronase treatment of serum has reduced false positives and false negatives, and improved reproducibility of titres. Birdseed agar improves culture specificity. In coccidioidomycosis, serology is the exemplar for all mycology. Gene probes have accelerated diagnosis by culture. In histoplasmosis, the antigenuria test's high sensitivity and specificity has dispelled the chronic confusion in interpreting antibody test results.
BODY MASS AND TEMPERATURE INFLUENCE RATES OF MITOCHONDRIAL DNA EVOLUTION IN NORTH AMERICAN CYPRINID FISH

The mass-specific metabolic rate hypothesis of Gillooly and others predicts that DNA mutation and substitution rates are a function of body mass and temperature. We tested this hypothesis with sequence divergences estimated from mtDNA cytochrome b sequences of 54 taxa of cyprinid fish. Branch lengths estimated from a likelihood tree were compared with metabolic rates calculated from body mass and environmental temperatures experienced by those taxa. The problem of unknown age estimates of lineage splitting was avoided by comparing estimated amounts of metabolic activity along phyletic lines leading to pairs of modern taxa from their most recent common ancestor with sequence divergences along those same pairs of phyletic lines. There were significantly more pairs for which the phyletic line with greater genetic change also had the higher metabolic activity, when compared to the prediction of a hypothesis that body mass and temperature are not related to substitution rate.