cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Diverging length scale of the inhomogeneous mode-coupling theory: A numerical investigation

Biroli et al.'s extension of the standard mode-coupling theory to inhomogeneous equilibrium states [G. Biroli, J. P. Bouchaud, K. Miyazaki, and D. R. Reichman, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 195701 (2006)] allowed them to identify a characteristic length scale that diverges upon approaching the mode-coupling transition. We present a numerical investigation of this length scale. To this end we derive and numerically solve equations of motion for coefficients in the small $q$ expansion of the dynamic susceptibility ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{\mathbf{q}}(\mathbf{k};t)$ that describes the change of the system's dynamics due to an external inhomogeneous potential. We study the dependence of the characteristic length scale on time, wave vector, and on the distance from the mode-coupling transition. We verify scaling predictions of Biroli et al. In addition, we find that the numerical value of the diverging length scale qualitatively agrees with lengths obtained from four-point correlation functions. We show that the diverging length scale has very weak $k$ dependence, which contrasts with very strong $k$ dependence of the $q\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0$ limit of the susceptibility, ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{\mathbf{q}=0}(\mathbf{k};t)$. Finally, we compare the diverging length obtained from the small $q$ expansion to that resulting from an isotropic approximation applied to the equation of motion for the dynamic susceptibility ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{\mathbf{q}}(\mathbf{k};t)$.
Aggression and sport

Viewing aggression in its healthy form, in contrast to its extreme and inappropriate versions, and sport as a health-promoting exercise in psychological development and maturation may allow participants and spectators alike to retain an interest in aggression and sport and derive further enjoyment from them. In addition, it will benefit all involved with sport to have a broader understanding of human aggression. Physicians, mental health professionals, and other health care providers can be influential in this process, and should be willing to get involved and speak out when issues and problems arise.
Yttrium(III) and lanthanide(III) (di-n-butoxythiophosphato) polynuclear complexes

Abstract Reactions of MCl 3 ( M = Y , Ln) with tri- n -butylthiophosphate at elevated temperatures lead to the precipitation of complexes of the type M(DBTP) 3 ( OH 2 ) x ( DBTP = di- n -butoxythiophosphato group; x =1 to 3). YC1 3 reacts in a similar way with triethylthiophosphate (TETP), yielding the corresponding di-ethoxythiophosphato (DETP) complex, but reactions of lanthanide trichlorides with TETP lead to the formation of products containing less than two ethyl groups per phosphorus atom. The M(DBTP) 3 (OH 2 ) x and Y(DETP) 3 (OH 2 ) x complexes are insoluble in organic solvents and water; their i.r. spectra are suggestive of the presence of both bidentate O-S-bonded and monodentate O-bonded, di-alkoxythiophosphato ligands. Polynuclear structures, involving both bridging bi-dentate, and terminal O-bonded monodentate (RO) 2 POS − ligands, as well as terminal aquo groups, are proposed for the new complexes.
Effectiveness of Tetrahedral Adducts as Transition-State Analogs and Inhibitors of the Class C β-Lactamase of Enterobacter cloacae P99

Previous studies have shown that β-lactamases are inhibited by boronates and phosphonates, both of which form covalent tetrahedral adducts with the active-site serine residue. These have been interpreted, as have similar complexes formed with serine proteinases, as transition-state analog structures. Not all molecules capable of forming such tetrahedral adducts are good inhibitors of serine β-lactamases, however. In this paper, a series of molecules potentially capable of forming anionic tetrahedral adducts at the active site [PhCH2CONHCH2M(XY)-OSer] have been assessed as sources of transition-state analogs and as inhibitors of the class C β-lactamase of Enterobacter cloacae P99. It was found by experiment that the aldehyde, the silanetriol, and the α-keto acid (and its methyl ester) of the series were significantly poorer inhibitors than the structurally analogous boronate. This result was explored computationally. From the starting point of the crystal structure of a phosphonate adduct (Lobkovsky et al....
Interfacial profile in the contact line region of a finite contact angle system

Abstract The Young-Laplace equation of capillarity augmented by the disjoining pressure concept of Deryagin has been used to obtain the interfacial profile in the contact line region of a finite contact angle system. An initial interfacial slope identical to zero and an initial effective thin-film thickness of the order of interatomic spacing lead to a finite apparent contact angle and substantial initial curvature. The results agree with published data on the apparent contact angles of the alkane-PTFE system.
Use of Verapamil to Control an Inappropriate Chronic Sinus Tachycardia

Sinus tachycardia is an expected physiologic response to endogenous catecholamine stimulation, although it may limit the use of exogenous agents. We report a case in which persistent sinus tachycardia occurring in a patient with severe bronchospastic pulmonary disease was effectively treated with verapamil.
Expression mechanisms underlying long-term potentiation: a postsynaptic view

This review summarizes the various experiments that have been carried out to determine if the expression of long-term potentiation (LTP), in particular N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent LTP, is presynaptic or postsynaptic. Evidence for a presynaptic expression mechanism comes primarily from experiments reporting that glutamate overflow is increased during LTP and from experiments showing that the failure rate decreases during LTP. However, other experimental approaches, such as monitoring synaptic glutamate release by recording astrocytic glutamate transporter currents, have failed to detect any change in glutamate release during LTP. In addition, the discovery of silent synapses, in which LTP rapidly switches on alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor function at NMDA-receptor-only synapses, provides a postsynaptic mechanism for the decrease in failures during LTP. It is argued that the preponderance of evidence favours a postsynaptic expression mechanism, whereby NMDA receptor activation results in the rapid recruitment of AMPA receptors as well as a covalent modification of synaptic AMPA receptors.
Between universalism and particularism: the historical bases of Muslim communal, national, and global identities

In recent decades there has been an extraordinary flourishing of transnational and global Islamic movements. Most of these are religious reform and missionary movements; some are political networks working to form Islamic states. Yet on closer examination we find that universalistic Islamic movements are almost always embedded in national state and parochial settings. Muslim, and national, ethnic, tribal and local identities blend together. This blending of universalistic and particularistic affiliations has deep-rooted precedents in Islamic history. The original Muslim community of Medina represented a monotheistic vision encadred in a community of clans. The universal empire of the Caliphate gave rise to schools, brotherhoods, and sectarian communities. Sufi reform teachings of the late seventeenth to the twentieth century defined Islamo-tribal movements. In the twentieth century universalistic Islamic reformism inspired nationalism and anti-colonialism. The paper concludes with some comments on the mechanisms by which historical and cultural precedents are carried into modern times.
High Response Control of Stator Watts and Vars for Large Wound Rotor Induction Motor Adjustable Speed Drives

Extremely rapid control response (0.01 s) of stator watts and vars has been obtained on a 15 000-hp wound rotor induction machine with a cycloconverter controlled secondary by means of an orthogonal control scheme which linearizes the machine equations and combines both feedforward and feedback error signals. Leading and lagging power factor and positive or negative stator power flow can be smoothly and rapidly controlled over a speed range in excess of ±35 percent of the induction motor synchronous speed. This doubly fed drive may be termed a "Scherbiustat drive" because the wound rotor induction motor secondary power conversion equipment is the static equivalent of the Scherbius machine. This type of a drive does not employ a dc link in the motor secondary power conversion equipment. It should not be confused with a static Kraemer drive which employs a dc link in the frequency conversion process and was so named because of its similarity to the original Kraemer drive which uses a synchronous converter and a dc motor in the secondary power conversion process. Recently obtained field results have verified the original study results discussed herein.
Gold plating to enhance the appearance of porcelain-faced crowns

Abstract Lifelike shades of crowns composed of porcelain fused to metal can be consistently obtained if shade guide tabs are constructed and all interface surfaces are gold plated before firing the porcelain to the metal. The interface surface of full crowns must be correctly designed to provide effective retention of the porcelain veneer. A method for gold plating the facing surfaces was described.
Self-Reported Anxiety Among Traumatized Urban Youth:

This study compared the Revised Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS) scores of traumatized youth with or without PTSD to the scores of a nonclinical comparison group. Child diagnostic interviews identified children with PTSD (28), traumatized children without PTSD (63), and a nonclinical comparison group (41). In the absence of major comorbid disorders, children with PTSD had significantly higher RCMAS total scores and significantly higher scores on the RCMAS Physiological Anxiety, Worry/Oversensitivity, and Social Concern/Concentration subscales. Nonsignificant differences were observed between groups on the RCMAS Lie subscale. The RCMAS scores of the traumatized PTSD negatives and controls did not significantly differ. Implications for research and practice are considered.
Molecular, cellular, and neuroanatomical substrates of place learning

Learning and remembering the location of food resources, predators, escape routes, and immediate kin is perhaps the most essential form of higher cognitive processing in mammals. Two of the most frequently studied forms of place learning are spatial learning and contextual conditioning. Spatial learning refers to an animal's capacity to learn the location of a reward, such as the escape platform in a water maze, while contextual conditioning taps into an animal's ability to associate specific places with aversive stimuli, such as an electric shock. Recently, transgenic and gene targeting techniques have been introduced to the study of place learning. In contrast with the abundant literature on the neuroanatomical substrates of place learning in rats, very little has been done in mice. Thus, in the first part of this article, we will review our studies on the involvement of the hippocampus in both spatial learning and contextual conditioning. Having demonstrated the importance of the hippocampus to place learning, we will then focus attention on the molecular and cellular substrates of place learning. We will show that just as in rats, mouse hippocampal pyramidal cells can show place specific firing. Then, we will review our evidence that hippocampal-dependent place learning involves a number of interacting physiological mechanisms with distinct functions. We will show that in addition to long-term potentiation, the hippocampus uses a number of other mechanisms, such as short-term-plasticity and changes in spiking, to process, store, and recall information. Much of the focus of this article is on genetic studies of learning and memory (L&M). However, there is no single experiment that can unambiguously connect any cellular or molecular mechanism with L&M. Instead, several different types of studies are required to determine whether any one mechanism is involved in L&M, including (i) the development of biologically based learning models that explain the involvement of a given mechanism in L&M, (ii) lesion experiments (genetics and pharmacology), (iii) direct observations during learning, and (iv) experiments where learning is triggered by turning on the candidate mechanism. We will show how genetic techniques will be key to unraveling the molecular and cellular basis of place learning.
Marked papillary dermal edema--an unreliable discriminator between polymorphous light eruption and lupus erythematosus or dermatomyositis.

Background: The clinical differential diagnosis of photo-distributed papules and plaques includes polymorphous light eruption (PMLE) and lupus erythematosus (LE). These entities share many histopathological features. However, in most contemporary textbooks, a broad band of papillary dermal edema is reported to be characteristic of PMLE and not seen in LE. Nonetheless, older reports describe papillary dermal edema in LE, including acute cutaneous LE (ACLE) in patients with systemic LE (SLE) and early lesions of discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE). Older reports also describe papillary dermal edema in microscopic sections of dermatomyositis (DM). Methods: Retrospective review. Results: Nine cases of LE (including two patients with acute lesions of SLE, six with DLE and one unclassifiable) and three cases of DM were identified in which sections showed striking papillary dermal edema. Attributes of chronicity, such as epidermal atrophy, follicular plugging and basement membrane thickening, were present concurrently in many sections. Conclusions: Marked papillary dermal edema does not reliably distinguish PMLE from LE as it can be seen in ACLE, early and late lesions of DLE and DM. This phenomenon has been underemphasized in recent reports and textbooks. Furthermore, papillary dermal edema in chronic lesions of DLE has not been previously reported. Pincus LB, LeBoit PE, Goddard DS, Cho RJ, McCalmont TH. Marked papillary dermal edema – an unreliable discriminator between polymorphous light eruption and lupus erythematosus or dermatomyositis.
Using light to shape chemical gradients for parallel and automated analysis of chemotaxis

Numerous molecular components have been identified that regulate the directed migration of eukaryotic cells toward sources of chemoattractant. However, how the components of this system are wired together to coordinate multiple aspects of the response, such as directionality, speed, and sensitivity to stimulus, remains poorly understood. Here we developed a method to shape chemoattractant gradients optically and analyze cellular chemotaxis responses of hundreds of living cells per well in 96-well format by measuring speed changes and directional accuracy. We then systematically characterized migration and chemotaxis phenotypes for 285 siRNA perturbations. A key finding was that the G-protein Giα subunit selectively controls the direction of migration while the receptor and Gβ subunit proportionally control both speed and direction. Furthermore, we demonstrate that neutrophils chemotax persistently in response to gradients of fMLF but only transiently in response to gradients of ATP. The method we introduce is applicable for diverse chemical cues and systematic perturbations, can be used to measure multiple cell migration and signaling parameters, and is compatible with low- and high-resolution fluorescence microscopy.
A Porphyromonas gingivalis haloacid dehalogenase family phosphatase interacts with human phosphoproteins and is important for invasion

Haloacid dehalogenase (HAD) family phosphatases are widespread in prokaryotes and are generally involved in metabolic processes. Porphyromonas gingivalis, an invasive periodontal pathogen, secretes the HAD family phosphoserine phosphatase SerB653 when in contact with gingival epithelial cells. Here we characterize the structure and enzymatic activity of SerB653 and show that a SerB653 allelic replacement mutant of P. gingivalis is deficient in internalization and persistence in gingival epithelial cells. In contrast, mutation of a second HAD family serine phosphatase of P. gingivalis (SerB1170), or of a serine transporter, did not affect invasion. A pull-down assay identified GAPDH and heat-shock protein 90 as potential substrates for SerB653. Furthermore, exogenous phosphatase regulated microtubule dynamics in host cells. These data indicate that P. gingivalis has adapted a formerly metabolic enzyme to facilitate entry into host cells by modulating host cytoskeletal architecture. Our findings define a virulence-related role of a HAD family phosphatase and reveal an invasin of an important periodontal pathogen.
State-plane analysis of zero-current-switching resonant DC/DC power converters

The state-plane analysis for the buck, boost, buck/boost, and Cuk zero-current-switching resonant DC/DC power converters is presented. Simple visual criteria are introduced to determine whether the converter is operating in a mode producing voltage conversion. It is shown that the voltage conversion takes place within the converters if and only if both horizontal and vertical straight-line segments are present in the state-plane graph. The boundary of energy conversion is identified from the state plane by the evaporation of one or both straight-line segments. Formulas are found for the normalized switching frequency at this boundary that depend on the value of normalized switching voltage. >
Molecular Dynamics Modeling of the Structural Failure of Glass

Molecular Dynamics (MD) methods for modeling the structure and kinetic behavior of ceramics and glasses are reviewed and discussed while emphasizing the effect of various potential functions on the structure developed and the relevance of model calculations. Two dynamic experiments from the authors’ research are used as examples of modeling technique and interpretation of results. In the first, a Lennard-Jones force function is used to model the behavior of viscous liquids under large deformations. In the second, the brittle response of amorphous SiO 2 modeled with an ionic Born-Mayer-Huggins interparticle potential is investigated at very high deformation rates. A comparison of results with experiment show the limitations and the great promise of the MD approach.
Extending the rails: How research reshapes clinics

The purpose of clinical research is to create the scientific foundation for medical practice. In this way of thinking, the effect on medical practice occurs after the research has been completed. Social studies of science have debunked the standard model of scientific research, observing that changes in practice associated with research occur not just because of the results of research but also because of the practice of research. Drawing on fieldwork in HIV clinics in the US, South Africa,Thailand, and Uganda, we argue that clinical trials shape medical practice by altering the organizations in which both medical treatment and clinical trials take place. Three general processes are central to this transformation: the modification of material environments, the reorganization of bureaucratic relations, and the prioritization of research values. These processes unfold somewhat differently in the clinics of poorer countries than in those of wealthier ones.
Detection of septal coronary collaterals by color flow Doppler mapping is a marker for anomalous origin of a coronary artery from the pulmonary artery

Between August 1991 and September 2000, 15 patients received a diagnosis of the anomalous origin of the coronary artery from the pulmonary artery, at the Children's Hospital of Wisconsin. All were evaluated initially by transthoracic echocardiography, with subsequent diagnosis confirmation at cardiac catheterization and/or surgery. Seven of the 15 patients were referred in infancy (mean age 4.3 months) with symptoms of congestive heart failure. The remaining 8 patients were older (mean age 7.0 years) at the time of diagnosis, and 7 of those 8 patients were clinically asymptomatic and were referred for evaluation of a heart murmur and/or cardiomegaly on chest radiograph. One older patient, previously healthy, was referred at age 18 for an episode of sudden death while playing basketball. All the older asymptomatic patients had echocardiographic detection of multiple unusual color flow Doppler signals within the ventricular septum, believed to represent septal coronary collaterals, which raised suspicion of a coronary artery abnormality and led to more detailed imaging of the coronary artery anatomy. In the younger infants with congestive heart failure, septal coronary collaterals were less frequent, but did aid in the diagnosis of an anomalous coronary artery when present.
Phenomenology of bipolar disorder not otherwise specified in youth: a comparison of clinical characteristics across the spectrum of manic symptoms.

Objectives Controversy surrounds the diagnostic categorization of children with episodic moods that cause impairment, but do not meet DSM-IV criteria for bipolar I (BD-I) or bipolar II (BD-II) disorder. This study aims to characterize the degree to which these children, who meet criteria for bipolar disorder not otherwise specified (BD-NOS), are similar to those with full syndromal BD, versus those with no bipolar spectrum diagnosis (no BSD).
Homeostasis of organ weight in response to increasing dosage of testosterone in the castrated mouse.

Castrated Strong A mice received 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 or 2.5 mg. of testosterone phenylacetate intraperitoneally every 10 days over a 40 day period. Thymic weights decreased, and seminal vesicle, kidney and submaxillary gland weights increased, over the dose range as a whole but showed no change between the 0.5 and 1.0 mg., or between the 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mg. dosages. Superficial lymph node weights exhibited no weight decrease between the 0.05, 0.1 and 0.25 mg. or between the 1.0 and 2.5 mg. dosages. These plateaus of non-response to increasing dosage, except the second one of node weight, occurred when the organ weights reached, or approached, those in untreated intact animals. Other castrated Strong A mice received 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 or 2.5 mg. of the same androgen subcutaneously at identical intervals. The same plateaus in organ weights (except for the submaxillary glands) occurred at the same dosages as with intraperitoneal administration. At the same time, subcutaneous administration was less effec...
Rational Design of Acidic Human Fibroblast Growth Factor (hFGF-1) with Increased Stability and Mitogenic Activity

Human acidic fibroblast growth factor (hFGF-1) belongs to a superfamily of 22 fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) that have a high affinity to heparin. It is a 16kD protein, which is involved in many cellular functions, such as, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, angiogenesis, tumor growth, and wound healing. In wound healing, the blood coagulation cascade is triggered to clog the wound. One of the proteases that participates in wound healing is thrombin, which converts fibrinogen to fibrin. Thrombin also cleaves wild type hFGF-1 and consequently decreases its wound healing potency. Thrombin is shown to specifically cleave FGF-1 at Arg136. In this context, in the present study we have designed several site-directed mutants at Arg136 to understand the role of this residue not only on the stability of FGF-1 but also on the FGF signaling process. The results of this study will be discussed in detail.
Nonlinear bending models for beams and plates.

A new nonlinear model for large deflections of a beam is proposed. It comprises the Euler–Bernoulli boundary value problem for the deflection and a nonlinear integral condition. When bending does not alter the beam length, this condition guarantees that the deflected beam has the original length and fixes the horizontal displacement of the free end. The numerical results are in good agreement with the ones provided by the elastica model. Dynamic and two-dimensional generalizations of this nonlinear one-dimensional static model are also discussed. The model problem for an inextensible rectangular Kirchhoff plate, when one side is clamped, the opposite one is subjected to a shear force, and the others are free of moments and forces, is reduced to a singular integral equation with two fixed singularities. The singularities of the unknown function are examined, and a series-form solution is derived by the collocation method in terms of the associated Jacobi polynomials. The procedure requires solving an infinite system of linear algebraic equations for the expansion coefficients subject to the inextensibility condition.
A grounded-theory investigation of patient education in physical therapy practice

Patient education is a critical component of physical therapy and is used frequently in practice. Research describing the practice of patient education in physical therapy is scarce, however. Qualitative research methods can be used to describe the practice of patient education in physical therapy and to identify supportive theory. This study describes the practice of patient education grounded in data obtained from nine physical therapists in three settings: outpatient, acute care, and inpatient rehabilitation. From the data common themes are reported. From the themes, supportive theory can be identified. Results show four primary themes regarding patient education in physical therapy. First, the physical therapists in this study were not able to easily differentiate patient education from primary interventions. Second, the purpose of patient education was to empower patients toward self-management and prevention. Third, therapists used a patient-centered approach to decide upon content. Finally, each therapist used function or demonstration to assess the outcome of patient education interventions. The results of this study can be used to inform current practitioners, for future research and to identify theoretical underpinnings to support the practice of patient education in physical therapy.
The Contribution of Facilitation of Monosynaptic PSPs to Dishabituation and Sensitization of the Aplysia Siphon Withdrawal Reflex

To examine the relationship between synaptic plasticity and learning and memory as directly as possible, we have developed a new simplified preparation for studying the siphonwithdrawal reflex of Aplysia in which it is relatively easy to record synaptic connections between individual identified neurons during simple forms of learning. We estimated that monosynaptic EPSPs from LE siphon sensory neurons to LFS siphon motor neurons mediate approximately one-third of the reflex response measured in this preparation, which corresponds to siphon flaring in the intact animal. To investigate cellular mechanisms contributing to dishabituation and sensitization, we recorded evoked firing of LFS neurons, the siphon withdrawal produced by stimulation of an LFS neuron, the complex PSP in an LFS neuron, and the monosynaptic PSP from an “on-field” or “off-field” LE neuron to an LFS neuron during behavioral training. Unlike the simplified gill-withdrawal preparation (Cohen et al., 1997; Frost et al., 1997), in the siphon-withdrawal preparation we found no qualitative differences between the major cellular mechanisms contributing to dishabituation and sensitization, suggesting that dissociations that have been observed previously may be attributable to transient inhibition that does not occur for this component of the reflex. Furthermore, in the siphon-withdrawal preparation, all of the various cellular measures, including monosynaptic PSPs from either on-field or off-field LE neurons, changed approximately in parallel with changes in the behavior. These results provide the most direct evidence so far available that both dishabituation and sensitization involve multiple mechanisms, including heterosynaptic facilitation of sensory neuron-motor neuron PSPs.
Comparison of Argon Laser Photocoagulation and Bipolar Electrocoagulation for Endoscopis Hemostasis in the Canine Colon

Severe bleeding from the lower gastrointestinal tract commonly occurs from mucosal lesions such as angiodysplasia and less often from acute ulcerations. Endoscopic coagulation of such lesions is now feasible. Our purpose was to compare the efficacy and histologic injury of bipolar electrocoagulation and argon laser photocoagulation applied at laparotomy in the canine colon. After right colotomy and heparinization in adult mongrel dogs, bleeding standard ulcers were randomly assigned to treatment or control. The colonic ulcers randomized to each group were not significantly different in size or bleeding rate. Efficacy of treatment was evaluated acutely. Adjacent normal mucosa was treated with the same modality as the ulcer to simulate treatment of a mucosal lesion. The same total exposure time (argon laser photocoagulation) or number of pulses (bipolar electrocoagulation) was used for these paired treatments. Gross and histologic injury were determined after 7 days. Both argon laser photocoagulation and bipolar electrocoagulation were uniformly effective in controlling bleeding from standard colonic ulcers and the incidence of full thickness injury was similar, 33%-48%. The histologic damage seen with normal mucosa treatment was consistently less than with standard ulcers for all treatment groups. The difference is easily explained by the reduction in colonic wall thickness of about 50% with creation of standard ulcers. In our opinion, argon laser photocoagulation and bipolar electrocoagulation are safe enough to be used in clinical trials for control of colonic bleeding from mucosal lesions but not acute colonic ulcers.
EUS Diagnostic Criteria for Chronic Pancreatitis: A Comparison of Conventional Versus Rosemont Criteria.

To compare the Rosemont criteria, which are graded features chosen by experts in 2007, versus the conventional criteria, which require ≥3–5 of the 9 features that are “counted as equal,” for the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis by EUS. This is a retrospective cohort study. EUS examinations were scored using both criteria, and the following categories compared: 3-CC versus “consistent with” chronic pancreatitis by RC; 3-CC versus “consistent with” and “suggestive of” chronic pancreatitis by RC; 5-CC versus “consistent with” chronic pancreatitis by RC; and 5-CC versus “consistent with” and “suggestive of” chronic pancreatitis by RC. There was a statistically significant difference between 3-CC and RC, either “consistent with” alone or both “consistent with” and “suggestive of” (p < 0.0001). Comparing 5-CC and “consistent with” showed a statistical difference (p = 0.0014), but no difference comparing 5-CC to “consistent with” and “suggestive of.” CC diagnose more cases of chronic pancreatitis than RC when using 3-CC or when comparing 5-CC to “consistent with” chronic pancreatitis by Rosemont, indicating that the Rosemont criteria are more stringent.
Controlled study of acoustic gravity waves (AGW) generated by anomalous heat sources

We investigate high power radio wave-induced acoustic gravity waves (AGWs) at Gakona, Alaska, using High-frequency Active Aurora Research Program (HAARP) heating facility (i.e., HF heater) and extensive diagnostic instruments. This work is aimed at controlled study of space plasma turbulence, triggered by acoustic gravity waves originating from anomalous heat sources, as observed in our earlier experiments at Arecibo, Puerto Rico [R. Pradipta, MS Thesis, MIT, 2007]. HF heater operated in CW O-mode can heat ionospheric plasmas effectively to yield depleted magnetic flux tube as rising plasma bubbles [Lee et al., Geophys. Res. Lett., 1998]. Two processes responsible for the depletion of magnetic flux tube are (1) thermal expansion and (2) chemical reactions caused by heated ions. The depleted plasmas create large density gradients that can augment spread F processes via generalized Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities [Lee et al., Geophys. Res. Lett., 1999]. It is thus expected that the temperature of neutral particles in the heated ionospheric region can be increased. Such heat source in the neutral atmosphere may potentially generate acoustic gravity waves (AGWs) in the form of traveling ionospheric plasma disturbances (TIPDs). We should point out that these TIPDs have features distinctively different from ExB drifts of HF wave-induced large-scale non-propagating plasma structures. Moreover, it is noted in our recent study of naturally-occurring AGW-induced TIDs that only large-scale AGWs can propagate upward to reach higher altitudes. Thus, in our Gakona experiments we select optimum heating schemes for HF wave-induced AGWs that can be distinguished from the naturally occurring ones. The generation and propagation of AGWs are monitored by Modular UHF Ionospheric Radar (MUIR), digisonde, and GPS/LEO satellites.
Purulent pericarditis complicating systemic infection with Candida tropicalis.

A patient with a purulent pericarditis due to Candida tropicalis is described. A 77-year-old woman undergoing chemotherapy for Hodgkin’s disease was admitted to the hospital with a history of several febrile episodes. She was thought to be septic and was begun on broad-spectrum antibiotics; despite treatment, however, the patient expired. Among the multiple premortem blood, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid cultures, one blood culture yielded C. tropicalis 2 days postmortem. Autopsy revealed purulent pericarditis accompanied by endocarditis and myocarditis due to culture-proven C. tropicalis . This is the first reported case of purulent pericarditis complicating systemic infection with this organism and is indicative of the fulminant course of fungal pericarditis.
How to Optimize Social Security Benefits by Withdrawing at the Earliest Opportunity

How to Optimize Social Security Benefits, this paper examines a plan to take early benefits, continue working and saving funds in a defined benefit plan.
Neutron angular correlations in spontaneous and neutron-induced fission

Nuclear fission generates neutrons whose correlations may reveal at which stage they appear during the fission process, whether from the fully formed fission fragments or from the scission process itself. The authors study the sensitivity of the neutron-neutron angular correlations to the parameters of their fission model, and they find that the available experimental data can be predicted without the need for any scission neutrons.
An inhibitor of herpesvirus hominis in extracts of cultures of Burkitt's lymphoma cells.

SummaryAn inhibitor of Herpesvirus hominis is present in extracts of a lymphoid cell line derived from a Burkitt's lymphoma. The inhibitor is demonstrable when monolayer cultures of rat and human cells are treated with the extracts, and although it is active against the herpesvirus in both plaque inhibition and 24-hr growth inhibition experiments, it does not significantly inhibit vesicular stomatitis virus in similar experiments. The inhibitor does not appear to be interferon or an interferon inducer, and the possibility that it is involved in the maintenance of the EB viral genome in an unexpressed or partially expressed form in Burkitt's lymphoma cells is considered.
Book Review: An Alternative to Business as Usual: Evangelical Christian Executives: A New Model for Business Corporations

This is a review of Lewis Solomon's book, EVANGELICAL CHRISTIAN EXECUTIVES which examines an alternative model for business corporations in which the business founders integrate faith in their day-to-day operation of their businesses and define corporate responsibility to encompass shareholders, employees, customers, and the community. Solomon uses an individual case study approach. The individual case studies examine a number of different aspects of these businesses. Among them are the leadership styles of the chief executive officers, the core values of each business, the challenges faced by each business, and how these businesses have resolved external controversies.
Correlation Analysis on Yield and Quality Traits in Upland Rice

The yield traits and grain quality traits of 10 new varieties of upland rice were investigated at harvest time.Correlation analysis was conducted with DPS software.Results showed that varieties with longer ears,more filled grains and higher seeding rates had higher yield.The grain width was positively correlated with brown rice rate,milled rice rate and yield.The grain length was positively correlated with head milled rice rate.Varieties with too many ears and higher grain weight had poor taste.
SU-D-206-06: Task-Specific Optimization of Scintillator Thickness for CMOS-Detector Based Cone-Beam Breast CT

Purpose: To optimize the cesium iodide (CsI:Tl) scintillator thickness in a complimentary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS)-based detector for use in dedicated cone-beam breast CT. Methods: The imaging task considered was the detection of a microcalcification cluster comprising six 220µm diameter calcium carbonate spheres, arranged in the form of a regular pentagon with 2 mm spacing on its sides and a central calcification, similar to that in ACR-recommended mammography accreditation phantom, at a mean glandular dose of 4.5 mGy. Generalized parallel-cascades based linear systems analysis was used to determine Fourier-domain image quality metrics in reconstructed object space, from which the detectability index inclusive of anatomical noise was determined for a non-prewhitening numerical observer. For 300 projections over 2π, magnification-associated focal-spot blur, Monte Carlo derived x-ray scatter, K-fluorescent emission and reabsorption within CsI:Tl, CsI:Tl quantum efficiency and optical blur, fiberoptic plate transmission efficiency and blur, CMOS quantum efficiency, pixel aperture function and additive noise, and filtered back-projection to isotropic 105µm voxel pitch with bilinear interpolation were modeled. Imaging geometry of a clinical prototype breast CT system, a 60 kV Cu/Al filtered x-ray spectrum from 0.3 mm focal spot incident on a 14 cm diameter semi-ellipsoidal breast were used to determine the detectability index for 300–600 µm thick (75µm increments) CsI:Tl. The CsI:Tl thickness that maximized the detectability index was considered optimal. Results: The limiting resolution (10% modulation transfer function, MTF) progressively decreased with increasing CsI:Tl thickness. The zero-frequency detective quantum efficiency, DQE(0), in projection space increased with increasing CsI:Tl thickness. The maximum detectability index was achieved with 525µm thick CsI:Tl scintillator. Reduced MTF at mid-to-high frequencies for 600µm thick CsI:Tl lowered the detectability index than 525µm CsI:Tl. Conclusion: For the x-ray spectrum and imaging conditions considered, a 525µm thick CsI:Tl scintillator integrated with the CMOS detector is optimal for detecting microcalcification cluster. Funding support: Supported in part by NIH R01 CA195512. The contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not reflect the official views of the NIH or the NCI. Disclosures: SV, GV and AK - Research collaboration, Koning Corp., West Henrietta, NY.
Illicit Drug Analysis Using Two-Dimension Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry.

For the identification of illicit drugs in forensic toxicological casework, analysis can be delayed and potentially compromised due to lengthy sample preparation techniques. For a complete forensic identification, a robust methodology is required and the current trend in forensic laboratories is the use of liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC/MS or LC/MS-MS). However, to achieve satisfactory results, extensive and time-consuming sample preparation protocols are required to reach sub-ng/mL levels. The concept of sequential 2D extraction was designed to capture the retention behavior of a target analyte in response to various extraction parameters. Therefore, optimized conditions can be selected to excise a region of interest during extraction. The utilization of multi-dimensional chromatography combined with a micro-extraction technique was evaluated to decrease sample preparation time while enhancing the separation integrity observed with current single-dimensional chromatography techniques. A wide range of illicit drugs were spiked in human urine and extracted using three extraction protocols for performance evaluation. The extraction process was performed using a reversed-phase solid phase extraction (SPE) in 1D, 2D-optimized, 2D-sequential and cumulative elution modes. The chosen 2D chromatography conditions that were used in this application were identified using a 6 × 6 automated methods development protocol (144 methods total). The extraction of urine samples containing target analytes was completed in less than 20 min. The analysis was performed using 200 µL of the final organic solvent (MeOH) extracts. The limit of detection for all drugs was measured at 100 pg/mL (ppt) from a 1 mL sample volume. Several analytes showed excellent signal at 10 pg/mL (ppt).
Internet of Things – A Predictive Maintenance Tool for General Machinery, Petrochemicals and Water Treatment

Improper and unnecessary maintenance actions can result in a waste of resources, time, and money. Training and education play an important role in the successful implementation of a maintenance strategy. The Center for Predictive Maintenance (CPM) at the University of South Carolina has developed a demonstration methodology and tool that can be used to educate and train users extending from maintainers to leadership on the maintenance process from fault to maintenance action. This overall methodology has been developed so that it can be applied to a variety of industries including general machinery, petroleum and petro chemicals, and water treatment. All of these industries have a need for successful implementation of predictive maintenance programs and this demonstration methodology can be used to train and educate users. This demonstration tool will walk an audience through the maintenance process starting with the collection of sensor and historical data. Then it will show the analysis of the data through modeling and statistical analysis techniques. Finally, the data and results are displayed in unique dashboards that provide personnel with the information needed to make educated decisions on the condition and maintenance of their system.
Effect of filler loading, geometry, dispersion and temperature on thermal conductivity of polymer nanocomposites

Abstract Using a unidirectional heat transfer apparatus, the roles of nanoparticle geometry, loading, dispersion and temperature on the thermal conductivity of polymer nanocomposites are investigated. The polymer nanocomposites (PNC) consist of epoxy matrices filled with silica nanopowder and carbon nanotubes, respectively, as well as poly (2-vinylpyridine) (P2VP) matrices loaded with silica nanoparticles. First, it is shown that thermal conductivity generally increases with nanofiller loading. These results are also reasonably described by the three phase Lewis-Nielsen or Halpin-Tsai analytical models. More importantly, it has been also demonstrated that the thermal conductivity of the polymer nanocomposites greatly depends on the dispersion state of the nanofillers. Furthermore, the effect of temperature on the thermal behavior of PNCs is briefly discussed. These results emphasize the important role of nanoparticles content and dispersion state on the thermal characteristics of polymer nanocomposites, which can be used to design composite materials with tunable thermal behavior.
Constraints on Galaxy Evolution from Faint Redshift Surveys, Keck, and HST

The nature of faint field galaxy evolution remains controversial. While many workers advocate exotic theories, such as rapid merging or disappearing populations, we have found that it is possible to explain the published counts and redshift data with traditional luminosity evolution models which derive an optimal set of local luminosity functions for different galaxy types (Gronwall & Koo 1995). Recently, there has been a tremendous amount of new data addressing this question, including 1) the measurement of the galaxy luminosity function vs. redshift from faint redshift surveys down to B = 24 and I = 22 (Colless 1995; Lilly et al. 1995), 2) morphological and angular size data from the HST Medium Deep Survey (Driver et al. 1995; Phillips et al. 1995), and 3) redshift measurements with Keck for a small sample of galaxies with I > 22 (Koo 1995). We have explored these new data and have found that while our model continues to provide an excellent match to the faintest observed redshift and angular size distributions, it underpredicts the faint counts and luminosity function evolution for very blue late-type galaxies. Since our current model includes only minimal evolution of these galaxies, the new observations suggest a need for additional evolution, perhaps through a starbursting or mild merging component.
Code Collage: Tangible Programming On Paper With Circuit Stickers

We present Code Collage, a new tangible programming construction kit that blends the functionality of programming with the materiality of paper craft. The kit is made of circuit sticker electronic modules with inputs and outputs that are connected together with conductive tapes to create computational systems. On-sticker interfaces enable creators to play with the behavior of the sticker, and thus the program, through physical tinkering. This paper shares the preliminary set of code stickers, an example code collage using LED outputs and reflects on the interactive affordances of such a toolkit.
Missed opportunities and barriers for vaccination: a descriptive analysis of private and public health facilities in four African countries.

Introduction Missed opportunities and barriers to vaccination limit progress toward achieving high immunization coverage and other global immunization goals. Little is known about vaccination practices contributing to missed opportunities and barriers among private healthcare providers in Africa. Methods Service Provision Assessments (SPA) of representative samples of health facilities in four African countries (Kenya, Tanzania, Senegal, Malawi) in 2010-2015 were used to describe missed opportunities and barriers for vaccination in public, private for-profit, private not-for-profit and faith-based facilities. Data included vaccination practices, observations during sick child and antenatal visits, and exit interviews following sick child visits. Results Data from 3,219 health facilities, 11,613 sick child visits and 8,698 antenatal visits were included. A smaller proportion of for-profit facilities offered child vaccination services (country range, 25-37%) than did public facilities (range, 90-96%). The proportion of facilities offering pentavalent vaccine (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, hepatitis B and Haemophilus influenza type b antigens) daily ranged 0-77% across countries and facility types. Less than 33% of for-profit facilities in any country offered measles vaccination daily. A minority of public or private providers assessed the child's vaccination status during a sick child visit (range by country and facility type, 14-44%), or offered tetanus toxoid during antenatal visits (range, 19-51%). Very few providers discussed the importance of newborn vaccination. Conclusion Substantial missed opportunities for, and barriers to, vaccination were identified across this representative sample of health facilities in four African countries. Strategies are needed to ensure that private and public providers implement practices to minimize barriers and missed opportunities for vaccination.