cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
QOL-18DO CAREGIVER (CG) NEEDS CHANGE ACROSS THE DISEASE TRAJECTORY?

BACKGROUND: It is well documented that CGs of neuro oncology patients have complex needs that vary across the disease trajectory. It has also been suggested that needs vary by individual and further work to better understand the expectations of support, as well as the timing and nature of support is needed. METHODS: In September 2013 the UCSF Neuro Oncology Division launched a program to specifically provide care to CGs. We focused initial efforts on the needs of CGs of patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma (NDGBM) who were offered services over the first 4 months of the illness. For high risk (HR) patients characterized either at the time of progression or transition to hospice, CGs were offered services as much as needed after referral. The needs assessment spanned several domains. We report on the first 18 months of providing care to these 2 groups of CGs. RESULTS: Of 65 CGs of NDGBM patients, 21% identified no needs, and of those that did, 52% had more than 1 need. 82% of 144 CGs of HR patients had multiple needs. Both groups had highest needs around emotional support and advocacy, with the HR CGs expressing significant higher need for emotional support at 80%. HR CGs had higher percentage of needs when compared to the NDGBM CGs around obtaining caregiver resources ( 42% vs 28%), family relations (30% vs 11 %), health care navigation and obtaining psychological services (26% vs 6 %), and health information (21% vs 8%). CONCLUSIONS: CGs express the need for increasingly complex support as the illness progresses with a differential demand compared to the time of initial diagnosis. This suggests that developing specific modules of care for high demand needs throughout the trajectory of the illness will improve the QOL of CGs of neuro-oncology patients.
Inferior Vena Cava Filters Insertion in the Critically Ill

The use of inferior vena cava (IVC) filters has become more prolific as the ease of insertion and retrieval has become less complicated. IVC filters should be considered for the use of protection from pulmonary embolism due to the migration of deep venous thrombosis in patients who are unable to be anticoagulated due to some contraindication or have been shown to have failed anticoagulation. Critically ill patients typically have many risk factors with short-term and long-term contraindications for anticoagulation. Bedside placement of IVC filters in critically ill patients has been shown to be safe and effective when proper patient selection is undertaken and the appropriate use of criteria for the placement of IVC filters is followed.
Going both ways: More chemicals, more organics, and the significance of land in post-methyl bromide fumigation decisions for California's strawberry industry

Abstract Recent years have seen heightened restrictions on the use of several chemical fumigants of great concern to California's lucrative strawberry industry. This study sought to investigate what fumigation chemicals and methods growers were using in this rapidly shifting regulatory context and what shaped their decisions. The primary methods involved tracking fumigant use through California's pesticide surveillance program and interviewing strawberry growers in the four counties that contain the major strawberry regions in California. Many growers have compensated for the loss of methyl bromide by a lateral shift to the use of other fumigants despite more stringent mitigation measures. Some have also changed their fumigation regimes from broadcast fumigation to bed fumigation. At the same time, increasing numbers of growers are also converting acreage to organics, although mainly in response to market considerations. Growers' decisions about what road to take are in part based on how they weigh concerns with efficacy, safety, and costs, although cost considerations dominate the decision-making of low resource growers. In addition, the study found that the cost and availability of suitable land and the conditions under which it is available play a significant role in many growers' decisions, considerations that has received little attention in the social science literature about grower decision-making around pesticide use. Since land dynamics create both opportunities and obstacles that tend to thwart regulatory goals, addressing the dynamics of land markets may be an important arena for future policy interventions around fumigant use.
SEROLOGIC ASSAY OF DNA BASE DAMAGE

ABSTRACT Serologic determinations for hydroxymethluracil, 8.5′ cycloAMP, and O6ethylguanosine have been developed using phage neutralization assay and for pyrimidine dimers, using radioimmune assay. Examples of each system are presented to illustrate the advantages of the serologic approach for the detection and quantitation of DNA damage.
Dissection of the Light-Responsive Elements of Pea RBCS3A

Genes encoding the small subunit of ribulose-l/5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase (rbcs) and the chlorophyll a/b binding proteins (cab) have been the focus of many studies on the organization and regulation of plant nuclear genes, rbcs and cab genes are typically light-responsive. In etiolated and dark-adapted tissue transcript abundance is low; following illumination of the plant rbcs and cab transcript abundance increases dramatically (see Tobin & Silverthorne 1985; Kuhlemeier et al., 1987a; Jenkins, 1988). There are however exceptions to this rule in which the transcripts of specific rbcs or cab genes are also present in the dark (Manzara & Gruissem, 1988; Sullivan et al., 1989). Light-responsive genes that exhibit a reciprocal pattern of expression, namely, high transcript levels in the dark and low levels in the light, have also been characterized (Batschauer & Apel, 1984; Lissemore & Quail, 1988; kay et al., 1989; Darrah et al., 1990; Tsai & Coruzzi, 1990; Kay, this volume).
Modified Atkins diet in advanced malignancies - final results of a safety and feasibility trial within the Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System.

Dysfunctional mitochondrial processes limit malignant cells ability to use energy from fatty acids and ketones. Animal studies using ketogenic diets for cancer show encouraging results. We tested the diet’s safety and feasibility in cancer patients across a broad variety of solid tumors. We recruited 17 advanced cancer patients who were not on chemotherapy. They consumed 20 to 40 g of carbohydrates daily with evaluations performed weekly until week 4, then every 4 weeks until 16 weeks. Quality of life questionnaires monitored for tolerability and compliance. Positron emission/computerized tomography was ordered at baseline, 4,8 and 16 weeks. Student t-testing evaluated differences between baseline and last visit scores for quality of life, weight, body mass index, and serum parameters. Correlations between weight loss and serum ketones, glucose, lipids and creatinine were done. Two-tailed unpaired t-testing of the mean weight loss compared responders against non-responders. Eleven out of seventeen enrolled patients were evaluable. Mean age was 65+/- 11.7 years, weight 203 +/- 4.98 lbs. (92 ± 2.3 kgs.) and previous treatment failures was 1.7, +/- 0.97. All lost significant weight with hematologic, biochemical and lipid tests remaining stable. Quality of life scores slightly improved. At 4,8 and 16 weeks, six (54.5 %), five (45.4 %) and four (36 %) patients were stable or improved. We observed no correlations between serum glucose, ketones or lipids. Clinical response did not correlate with ketosis or glycemia. Responders (stable disease or partial responders) lost statistically more weight than non-responders. Dietary compliance was difficult. Only three patients continued dieting past 16 weeks. Out of these, two patients developed brain metastases and were on steroids. They survived 80 and 116 weeks respectively. The third patient underwent residual tumor resection and has no disease at 131 weeks. Modified Atkins diets are safe and feasible in advanced cancer. Quality of life was preserved. Patients who lost at least 10 % of their body weight responded the best. Steroid intake affected optimal ketone and glucose levels. Despite this, survival improved in some melanoma and lung cancer patients. Further studies are recommended. Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01716468 . Registered on September 18, 2012
Abstract P020: Decreased Survival Rate in Female Obese Leptin Receptor Mutant Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rats that Develop Chronic Kidney Disease

Obesity contributes to sex differences in the risk for chronic kidney disease (CKD) in which males tend to develop CKD earlier in life than females. Therefore, in the current study, we examined whether there were sex differences in the development of CKD in the obese leptin receptor mutant Dahl salt-sensitive (SSLepRmutant) strain which was derived from Zinc-finger nucleases. We observed an increase in body weight in both female and male SSLepRmutant rats when compared to SS rats throughout the study. Glucose tolerance was impaired significantly in female and male SSLepRmutant rats versus SSrats by 18 weeks of age. The SSLepRmutant strain also developed hyperinsulinemia in comparison to their lean SS counterparts (6.86±0.83 vs 0.72±0.04 ng/mL, respectively, n=6). However, blood glucose in the SSLepRmutant strain remained within normal range throughout the course of the study regardless of sex. Female and male SSLepRmutant rats developed severe systolic hypertension (via tail-cuff) by 18 weeks of age when compared to the values measured in SS rats (199±7 and 201±10 vs. 159±5 and 155±4 mmHg, respectively, n=6). Yet, the rise in arterial pressure occurred earlier in female SSLepRmutant rats than males. Protein excretion was significantly higher in the SSLepRmutant strain as opposed to the values observed in SS rats at 18 weeks of age regardless of sex (488±61 and 631±86 vs. 50±17 and 149±23 mg/day, respectively, n=6). At the end of study, kidneys from the SSLepRmutant strain displayed increased glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis than SS rats. Female and male SSLepRmutant rats had a significant increase in plasma creatinine levels and averaged 2.1±0.4 mg/dL (n=6) compared to the normal value of 0.5±0.1 mg/dL (n=6) observed in the SS strain suggesting the presence of severe CKD. While both, female and male, SS rats survived the length of study, the survival rate of female SSLepRmutant rats was markedly reduced compared to their male counterparts (62%, 21 of 34 vs. 25%, 6 of 24, respectively). Overall, these data indicate that the SSLepRmutant strain may be a useful model to study sex differences during the development of CKD associated with obesity.
Town aggregation and abandonment during the era of urban transformations in the Cahokia region: Bayesian modeling of the Washausen mound-town

Abstract The American Bottom portion of the Central Mississippi River Valley is a region where urban transformations occurred in the pre-Columbian era. During the 11th century CE, Cahokia experienced significant population increases through immigration of non-local migrants to the site and, assumedly, the aggregation of extant local groups. This article considers the latter phenomenon and the extent to which urbanization involved demographic reorganizations on a regional scale. A suite of AMS radiocarbon dates are presented for the Washausen site, a place where residents built one of the earliest mound-and-plaza towns outside of Cahokia. Knowledge of the site from broad-scale geophysical survey, surface collections, excavations, and artifact analyses, provides information utilized for Bayesian chronological modeling. A new site chronology places major occupations in the late 11th-early 12th centuries, and suggests the site occupations spanned a brief period of potentially 30 years or less. The data also support a scenario wherein town abandonment was rapid and begun by 1100 CE or shortly thereafter, possibly undertaken as a single event. Washausen's site chronology demonstrates that some early regional centers were abandoned as Cahokia and other large settlements were approaching their maximum population sizes. This study provides evidence for models of urban development that consider the movements of local populations and communities as part of the urbanization process.
U(3)L x U(3)R chiral theory of mesons.

The chiral theory of mesons of two flavors has been extended to mesons containing strangeness. The theory has been studied at the tree level. Two new mass relations between vector and axial-vector mesons have been obtained. In the chiral limit, the physical processes of normal parity and abnormal parity have been studied. Because of the universality of the coupling of this theory many interesting results have been obtained. In the chiral limit, theoretical results are in reasonable agreement with data.
Investigation of phase transformations at elevated temperatures and pressures by differential thermal analysis in piston-cylinder apparatus

Abstract Differential thermal analysis (DTA) has proven to be among the more reliable and convenient of the several methods devised for the determination of phase boundaries at high pressures and temperatures. This paper discusses in detail the techniques, with the problems of material, design, and operation set forth and an assessment made of the quality of data obtainable by DTA using piston-cylinder apparatus.
Crafting cosmopolitan nationalism: Ellen Johnson Sirleaf’s rhetorical leadership*

ABSTRACTThis essay analyzes the rhetoric of Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, president of post-conflict Liberia, for how it transformed national citizenship into cosmopolitan citizenship. Specifically, she promoted cosmopolitan values to global and regional audiences; codified cosmopolitan values into national policies and initiatives; and enabled Liberian women as citizens whose cosmopolitan practices fortified national, regional, and global communities. Through these concrete cosmopolitan practices, Liberian women performed as ideal citizens of the new democracy. Thus, this essay demonstrates how rhetorical scholars can turn to cosmopolitan theory to explain how rhetorical leaders can transform how and what it means to belong, especially for women.
Inspection time: Past, present, and future

Abstract This paper is a commentary on the other papers in this special issue. A speculative account of inspection time is presented. Inspection time is viewed as an index of a core information-processing ability which has a causal influence on the development of complex intellectual skills.
A Smart Environment-Adapting Timed-Up-and-Go System Powered by Sensor-Embedded Insoles

With the growth of the elder population, fall risk evaluation is crucial to prevent elders from serious injuries, as well as reduce related financial burdens. A balance assessment, timed up and go (TUG), has been widely used to estimate fall risk. The standardized TUG focuses on flat ground walking with no environmental variance. Therefore, it falls short of assessing an individual’s gait adaptability. Being able to adjust steps in response to environmental changes, for example, needing to navigate around or over a child’s toy left on the sidewalk, is essential to avoid fall risk and fundamental to community ambulation. To this end, we propose four environment-adapting TUGs designed to assess one’s ability to adapt gait in complex environments and a compatible system named Smart Insole TUG (SITUG), which provides real-time, feature-rich, and ease-of-operation TUG analysis. Based on experimental results, SITUG is capable of extracting gait related spatial–temporal features with all mean accuracies over 92%. Besides, the system achieves a mean accuracy of 92.23% in segmenting five TUG phases.
A Lost Connection: Geostationary Satellite Networks and the International Telecommunication Union

Over the past forty years, communications and broadcasting via geostationary satellite systems have become integral and valued parts of the global information infrastructure. International communications and data distribution from orbit, however, have been hobbled by regulatory mechanisms administered under the auspices of the International Telecommunication Union. The author examines the current regime and the problems confronting the industry, discusses potential solutions, and proposes that the present method for allocating frequencies and orbital positions for geostationary satellite networks can be substantially enhanced through an auction process and the addition of select regulatory changes.
Use of an infectious bronchitis virus D-RNA as an RNA vector.

In the absence of a complete infectious IBV cDNA we have been developing an alternative strategy for the production of recombinant IBVs, utilising a defective RNA (D-RNA), CD-61. Coronavirus D-RNAs function like a minigenome and are useful as RNA vectors for the expression of heterologous genes and for targeted recombination. IBV D-RNA CD-61 (Penzes et al., 1996) was derived by deletion mutagenesis from a natural D-RNA, CD-91, produced by multiple passage of high titre IBV Beaudette in chick kidney (CK) cells (Penzes et al., 1994). CD-61 lacks internal parts of the genome but contains the sequences required for replication and for packaging into virus particles and can therefore be replicated and packaged (rescued) in a helper virus-dependent manner.
Send the White Doctor in Charge

This chapter reviews an approach to recognizing and responding to patient-level discrimination based on a provider’s ethnic origin.
Molecular characterization of human echinococcosis in Sichuan, Western China.

Abstract Cystic echinococcosis (CE) and alveolar echinococcosis (AE) are highly co-endemic in Sichuan, a part of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau where is a typical Tibetan nomadic community living area. In order to better understand the Echinococcus spp. of human being infected origins in this area, 140 lesions were collected from echinococcosis patients who were received operations during the period of 2014–2016 in different geographic districts in this region. Partial DNA sequences of the mitochondrial cox1 gene were analyzed. The genetic characterization of the isolates from 3 different places including Ganzi, Aba and Liangshan were assessed. Of all the 140 samples, the great majority was identified as Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto (n = 108). Echinococcus multilocularis was confirmed to be another important pathogen of the human infections (n = 31). Additionally, one Echinococcus canadensis (G6/7) isolate from Ganzi was confirmed. Comparing the clinical diagnosis with the sequencing results, 6.4% (9/140) of the cases were misdiagnosed between AE and CE, and another 8.6% (12/140) were unclassified to sub-type in echinococcosis. Higher rates of misdiagnosis and unclassified diagnosis were found in AE cases (12.9%, 4/31 and 16.1%, 5/31 respectively) compared to CE (4.6%, 5/109 and 6.4%, 7/109 respectively). In E.granulosus s.s., a total of 34 haplotypes were detected, and 4 haplotypes were inferred from E.multilocularis. The haplotype networks of the 2 species exhibited a similar star-shaped feature with a dominant haplotype in the center. Geographically specific haplotypes were observed in Ganzi and Aba respectively. This study provides insight into the current species causing human echinococcosis in the Tibetan districts of Sichuan. E.granulosus s.s. and E.multilocularis are confirmed to be the main causative agents, and the existence of E.canadensis (G6/7) is also observed in the region. Molecular diagnosis was proven to be essential for the confirmation of human echinococcosis in the area.
Identifying explosives by dielectric properties obtained through wide-band millimeter-wave illumination

A method for extracting dielectric constant from free-space 18 - 40 GHz millimeter-wave reflection data is demonstrated. The reflection coefficient is a function of frequency because of propagation effects, and numerically fitting data to a theoretical model based on geometric optics gives a solution for the complex dielectric constant and target thickness. The discriminative value is illustrated with inert substances and military sheet explosive. In principle, the measurement of reflectivity across multiple frequencies can be incorporated into Advanced Imaging Technology (AIT) systems to automatically identify the composition of anomalies detected on persons at screening checkpoints.
Soft tissue resurfacing for glenohumeral arthritis: a systematic review.

BackgroundSevere glenohumeral arthritis in the young/active patient remains challenging. Historically, glenohumeral arthrodesis was recommended with limited return of function. Total shoulder arthr...
An Algorithm for Building Multi-State Classifiers Based on Collision-Induced Unfolding Data.

Collision-induced unfolding (CIU) has emerged as a valuable method for distinguishing iso-cross-sectional protein ions through their distinct gas-phase unfolding trajectories. CIU shows promise as ...
Effect of recombinant human insulin-like growth factor 1 therapy in a child with 3-M syndrome-1 with CUL7 gene mutation

Objective 3-M syndrome is characterized by severe short stature, syndromic features, and characteristic radiographic findings. Growth hormone (GH) has been used with variable success. Recombinant human insulin like growth factor-1 (rhIGF-1) has never been utilized. Case presentation We describe a child with severe growth retardation, macrocephaly, and skeletal abnormalities with evidence of GH insensitivity subsequently treated with rhIGF-1. He developed morbid obesity and comorbidities including voracious appetite, acanthosis nigricans, tonsillar hypertrophy, and severe obstructive sleep apnea with minimal height improvement. Genetic testing done at 11.5 years revealed a compound heterozygous mutation (c.2112G>A(p.W704X) and c.2559delC) in the CUL7 gene consistent with 3-M syndrome-1. rhIGF-1 therapy was discontinued. Conclusions This case highlights the novel use of rhIGF-1 therapy on a child with 3-M syndrome-1 with minimal height benefit but accelerated weight gain and serves as a reminder of the importance of re-evaluating therapy efficacy and side effect profile.
Abstract P174: Reducing Door to Telestroke Request Time in a Telestroke Network Reduces Door to Needle Time

Introduction: Prior studies have demonstrated the importance of measuring and monitoring telestroke sub-events of door-to-needle time (DTN) such as door-to-telestroke request, but there is limited ...
99 Determining dominance hierarchy of horses in an equine assisted services program

An ethogram was constructed as part of an undergraduate research course and used to determine the dominance hierarchy of a small (n = 4) herd of horses in a university-based equine-assisted services program. The herd consisted of one gelding and 3 mares ranging in age from 10 to 27 years. An ethogram of mutually exclusive agonistic behaviors was developed, with behaviors further defined and sub-categorized as either aggressive (approach, arched neck threat, bite, bite threat, boxing, circling, chase, ears pinned, following, grasping, head bowing, head threat, herding, interference, kick, kick threat, mount, neck wrestle, head on body, nip, push, rear stomp, strike, strike threat) or submissive (retreat/avoidance, balk, rump presentation, snapping). Horses had been group housed together during daytime hours for 22 mo before the study in a 23 by 38 m dry lot with ad libitum access to clean water and one round bale of mixed brome, timothy and orchardgrass hay. At approximately 4:30 p.m. daily horses were brought inside where they were maintained overnight in individual 3 by 3 m stalls with pine shavings and fed evening and morning grain meals with access to water and grass and/or alfalfa hay to meet their dietary requirements. When group housed, horses had access to shade in the morning hours, but no covered shelter. Horses were observed in June 2020 where the average temperature was 22°C, and ranged from 10 to 37°C and the average relative humidity was 61%, ranging from 18 to 100%. Horse behaviors were recorded in 1-h intervals between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. on random days with 4 replicates of each hour for a total of 28 h of observation. All agonistic horse interactions were recorded as event behaviors. At the conclusion of the study, a score of +1 was assigned to all aggressive agonistic behaviors performed by a horse and –1 assigned to all submissive agonistic behaviors performed by a horse. The point value of all behaviors performed by each horse was added together. The hierarchy rank was then determined by the total scores, with more positive scores equaling a higher social ranking in the herd. Scores for horses from most dominant to least dominant were +168, +32, +20 and –52. These scores reflected a clearly dominant mare in the herd, as well as a dominance hierarchy that matched the hypothesized social structure based on informal observations. Awareness of social hierarchy among horses is essential for good herd management as well as human and equine safety, particularly in equine assisted services programs.
Transition to Ductal Stenting for Single Ventricle Patients Led to Improved Survival: An Institutional Case Series.

Background:The use of systemic-to-pulmonary shunts (SPS) in neonates with single ventricle heart defects and ductal-dependent pulmonary blood flow (ddPBF) was historically associated with high morb...
The Association of Body Mass Index with Outcomes after Carotid Endarterectomy

Background Patients who are obese or underweight are traditionally at higher risk for perioperative morbidity and mortality. The effect of body mass index (BMI) on outcomes after carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is unclear. Our goal was to analyze the association of BMI with perioperative and long-term outcomes after elective CEA. Methods The Vascular Quality Initiative (VQI) database was queried from 2003–2018 for patients undergoing elective CEAs. Patients were categorized into 5 BMI cohorts - underweight (UW, BMI Results There were 89,079 patients included: 2% UW, 26% NW, 38.4% OW, 29.9% OB, and 3.6% MO. Overall, the mean age was 70.6 years, 60% were male, and 91.8% were of white race. There were significant differences among the BMI cohorts in regards to age, sex, smoking status, and comorbidities (all P Conclusions BMI status was not associated with perioperative stroke, cranial nerve injury, or surgical site infections. Patients with MO had higher perioperative cardiac complications. UW patients have lower short and long-term survival and should be a focus for long-term targeted risk factor stratification and modification.
42 Frequency and severity of obstructive sleep apnea in black compared to white pregnant women

Introduction Black individuals experience a higher prevalence of sleep disruption, including obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), compared to Whites, which is believed to contribute to a higher incidence of cardiovascular disease. Among pregnant women, Blacks experience a higher burden of poor pregnancy outcomes such as gestational hypertension, pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, foetal growth restriction, and premature birth. In pregnancy, OSA has been associated with the latter adverse outcomes. Nonetheless, it is currently unknown whether differences exist in the presence and severity of OSA between Black and White pregnant women Methods Pregnant women in mid-to-late pregnancy were recruited from a large academic medical centre and invited to undergo home sleep testing using the WatchPAT device. OSA was defined as an apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI) ≥5 events/hour. The frequency and severity of OSA was compared between Black and White pregnant women. Results 191 women enrolled (42 Black). Demographic information is shown in table 1. Sleep duration was shorter in Blacks compared to Whites (350 minutes vs 375 minutes, p=0.02). A similar proportion of Black compared to White women had OSA (33% vs. 31%). Although severity of OSA was non-significantly elevated in Blacks (AHI 9.2 vs 6.3, p=0.07), minimum oxygen saturation was significantly lower in Black women (89% vs 91%, p=0.04) and the oxygen desaturation index was higher in Blacks compared to Whites (4.9 vs 2.5, p=0.03) after accounting for differences in demographics. Discussion The incidence of OSA in pregnancy was high with approximately one-third of all women having OSA. Nonetheless, despite being younger and earlier in gestation, Black women had greater severity of oxygen desaturation compared to Whites; this is likely attributed to the higher BMI observed in Black women. These findings have implications for OSA screening in pregnancy.
Geometrical and Ultrasonic Modeling of Hard-Alpha Defect Components in Titanium Alloys

In the last few years, considerable research have been conducted in the Engine Titanium Consortium [1] in the study of naturally occurring hard-alpha flaws found in titanium alloys. One task in the Consortium is undertaking a new approach of bringing state-of-the-art geometrical and ultrasonic models together [2–6] to assess the improvements in the capabilities to detect hard-alpha inclusions, as quantified by the probability of detection (POD) [7–8].
Using Haptic Feedback in Human-Swarm Interaction

A swarm of robots is a large group of individual agents that autonomously coordinate via local control laws. Their emergent behavior allows simple robots to accomplish complex tasks. Since missions may have complex objectives that change dynamically due to environmental and mission changes, human control and influence over the swarm is needed. The field of Human Swarm Interaction (HSI) is young, with few user studies, and even fewer papers focusing on giving non-visual feedback to the operator. The authors will herein present a background of haptics in robotics and swarms and two studies that explore various conditions under which haptic feedback may be useful in HSI. The overall goal of the studies is to explore the effectiveness of haptic feedback in the presence of other visual stimuli about the swarm system. The findings show that giving feedback about nearby obstacles using a haptic device can improve performance, and that a combination of feedback from obstacle forces via the visual and haptic channels provide the best performance.
Mental Illness, Legal Culpability, & Due Process: Why the Fourteenth Amendment Allows States to Choose a Mens Rea Insanity Defense Over a M'Naghten Approach

Does it violate Fourteenth Amendment due process to abolish the M’Naghten version of the insanity defense while providing in its place a right to introduce evidence of mental illness to negate mens rea? This Comment argues it does not.There is no constitutional right to the M’Naghten insanity defense. States may eliminate that defense if the state allows defendants a comparable defense such as a right to introduce evidence of mental illness to negate mens rea. States traditionally have the capacity to define crimes and defenses within the bounds of the Fourteenth Amendment. States may take the Mens Rea approach for the following reasons:First, no one formulation of the insanity defense is deeply rooted enough in history and tradition to raise it to the level of a fundamental right. In fact, the concept of mens rea central to the Mens Rea Model is actually older than the M’Naghten insanity defense. Second, limiting mental disease evidence to the negation of mens rea does not violate the concept of fundamental fairness. Under the Mens Rea Model defendants can introduce evidence of their mental illness as a defense to negate mental state, and they only need to raise a reasonable doubt to prevail, a much more favorable standard for defendants. Third, in light of the Supreme Court’s decision in Clark v. Arizona, which allowed a state to strictly limit the M’Naghten insanity defense and eliminate the Mens Rea defense, states should be able to do the reverse by eliminating M’Naghten and embracing the Mens Rea Model.
Power Lines and Land Value

This study attempts to detect whether power lines, power line towers, or both have an impact on the selling price of proximate residential land and to measure the magnitude of these impacts if they...
Kant's ethical thought

This is a major new study of Kant's ethics that will transform the way students and scholars approach the subject in future. Allen Wood argues that Kant's ethical vision is grounded in the idea of the dignity of the rational nature of every human being. Undergoing both natural competitiveness and social antagonism the human species, according to Kant, develops the rational capacity to struggle against its impulses towards a human community in which the ends of all are to harmonize and coincide. The distinctive features of the book are twofold. First, it focuses for the first time on the central role played in Kant's ethical theory by the value of rational nature as an end itself. Second, it shows the importance of Kant's systematic theory of human nature and history, and its implications for the structure, formulation, and application of Kant's moral principles. This comprehensive study will be of critical importance to students of moral philosophy, the history of ideas, political theory, and religious studies.
Mallows' Cp Statistic

Mallows Cp statistic is used in multiple regression analysis to select models that contain smaller numbers of predictors from a larger number that is available for inclusion. Low values of Cp indicate regression models that are parsimonious yet still have good predictive ability. Keywords: Multiple regression; variable election; model selection; cross-validation; parsimony
Aspects of the solar tachocline

The splitting of the frequencies of p-mode multiplets enables information to be gained about the internal rotation of the sun. Such data have revealed a transition at the base of the convection zone from differential rotation similar to that observed at the surface to almost solid-body rotation in the radiative interior. This transition region, known as the tachocline, has been found to be relatively narrow and centered below the base of the convection zone. In this paper, the evolution of the transition region is investigated numerically. Without a large anisotropic viscosity, the depth to which it would spread in one solar age, under the assumption of a constant prescribed differential rotation at the base of the convection zone, is found to be greater than its extent as inferred from helioseismology. In the second part of the paper a highly anisotropic turbulent viscosity with a large horizontal component, as suggested by Spiegel & Zahn (1992), is assumed. In this case, a steady tachocline is formed in which the advection of angular momentum balances the Reynolds stresses. The horizontal component of turbulent viscosity required to match the thickness of the tachocline to that obtained by helioseismology, is estimated to be 5 x 1O sq cm/s The transport of helium is studied in this case and is found to yield a sound-speed increase similar to that required by helioseismology.
Radio Usage: Observations from the 100-Car Naturalistic Driving Study

This paper discusses radio usage habits observed during analysis of 700 hours of video sampled from the 100-Car Naturalistic Driving Study database. Analysts used large-scale printouts of each vehicle’s radio faceplate and recorded interactions based on video analysis of hand movement and location (without the assistance of audio recordings). The duration and specific manipulations or adjustments were recorded for each interaction. The results summarize the length and type of interactions, most often-used controls, and total percentage of time drivers interacted with the radio.
Colic in competing endurance horses presenting to referral centres: 36 cases.

Summary Reasons for performing study: Colic is a common reason for elimination from equine endurance competitions and has recently been identified as the leading cause of mortality in this group of horses. Hydration and electrolyte derangements are often severe, but are probably related to endurance exercise and not necessarily the episode of colic. Better understanding of the causes of colic and the expected outcome is needed to guide treatment decisions in endurance horses. Objectives: To describe the history, case details, clinical examination, laboratory, treatment and outcomes for horses presenting to equine referral centres for treatment of colic associated with endurance competition and to identify variables associated with prolonged hospitalisation. Methods: Thirty-six horses from 2 equine referral centres were included in the analysis. In addition to descriptive statistics, Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate factors associated with length of hospitalisation. Results: A diagnosis of open or ileus was made in the majority of horses (56%). Salmonellosis and enteritis (Salmonella negative) were also recognised (16%). Exploratory abdominal surgery was performed in 5 of the horses. Only one of 36 horses did not survive to discharge. Previous eliminations from competition (negative association) and total i.v. fluids within the first 24 h (positive association) of admission were both associated with length of hospitalisation. Conclusions: Endurance horses with colic typically respond to medical treatment but in some cases hospitalisation may be prolonged. The role of Salmonella infections in endurance horses with colic requires further research. Potential relevance: Despite potentially severe clinical and laboratory derangements, equine practitioners should make owners aware that the prognosis for competing endurance horses with colic is good when treated appropriately.
Corticotropin-releasing factor receptor crosstalk pivotal to ligand-specific signaling and trafficking (795.3)

Corticotropin-releasing factor receptors 1 and 2 (CRF1 and CRF2) are GPCRs for the ligands CRF and urocortins (Ucn1-3). CRF1 and CRF2 activation by their ligands evokes distinct cellular responses,...
Teachers as Language-Policy Actors: Contending with the Erasure of Lesser-Used Languages in Schools

On the basis of an ethnographic study of the Voro-language revitalization in Estonia, this article explores the way teachers function as policy actors in the broader context of the school. As policy actors, the language teachers' appropriation of regional–language policy helps simultaneously to reproduce and challenge existing ideologies in the school environment. I explore the teachers' understandings of their power and freedom to inform their navigation of the circumscribed choices offered in a post-Soviet educational system. [language, anthropology of policy, teachers, Baltic]
Challenges to professionalism and union voting intentions: The case of pharmacists

Using data from a national survey of pharmacists who are members of the American Pharmaceutical Association, we examine the union voting intentions of employee pharmacists. We find that union instrumentality regarding professionalism is a primary predictor of union voting intent among these employees. In addition, this predictor mediates the relationship between the level of professionalism at a pharmacist’s current employment situation and his or her expected union vote. Also important to union voting intent are respondent beliefs about union instrumentality regarding pecuniary issues, prior union experience, as well as overall job satisfaction. Implications for employers, unions, and researchers are drawn.
Formation and structural control of surfactant and polyelectrolyte gels

Abstract Aqueous mixtures of oppositely charged surfactants and polyelectrolytes undergo associative phase separation, resulting in coacervation, gelation, or precipitation. This phenomenon has been exploited to form gel-like particles (that range in diameter from approximately 100 to 4000 μm) by dropwise addition of viscous polyelectrolyte solution to a low-viscosity oppositely charged surfactant solution. Gelation occurs as the surfactant diffuses into the dispersed polyelectrolyte drops, after which the gel phase undergoes structural rearrangements. The resulting microspheres assume a variety of morphologies (such as solid or hollow), which depend on solution compositions, drop size, and polyelectrolyte addition time. Here we report the formation of gels from mixtures of N , N , N -trimethylammonium derivatized hydroxyethyl cellulose (JR-400), sodium perfluorooctanoate (FC 7 ), and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and link the particle structure to the amount of polyelectrolyte inside the gelling drop and gelation kinetics. The gelation process is studied by bright field and fluorescence confocal microscopy and optical tweezer analysis. Findings show that the particle structure is governed by the evolution of surfactant penetration into the drop and the release of excess solvent inside the drop during the gelation process. Higher JR-400 concentrations, lower surfactant concentrations, and smaller polyelectrolyte drops promote the formation of solid structures, while the opposite conditions favor the hollow capsule morphologies.
Magnetomechanical damping in giant magnetostriction alloys

Magnetomechanical damping in the giant magnetostriction material Terfenol-D has been investigated by quasi-static stress-strain measurements and modeled theoretically. The damping capacity is a strong function of applied stress amplitude, increasing to a maximum at some finite stress and then decreasing slowly at still larger applied stresses. Maximum damping capacities greater than 1.0 were observed for the lowest magnetic bias fields and prestresses at applied stress amplitudes of 4 MPa. Both the qualitative behavior of the damping and its magnitude are successfully described by a model of abrupt magnetization jumps within individual domains driven by the applied stress.
Exploiting global opportunities: A future-oriented strategic perspective for multinational corporations

The international marketing environment will continue to have changes which pose risks to the growth and expansion of MNCs. The source of these environmental risks may be individual countries responding to internal political pressures. Alternatively, the risks may originate from concerted efforts by countries in a region to link together, promote and share the economic outputs of the region. The success of MNCs will, therefore, depend on their response to the political pressures of each country where the risks are countryspecific. Response to economic pressures will determine the success of MNCs where intercountry dependencies and conflicts are the source of risk. Future-oriented strategies which an MNC may use to cope with environmental risks should consider the source of risks and the nature of the MNC. MNCs which are flexible in structure, mobile, clientspecific and labour-intensive should define their strategic business units as countries. Such MNCs can adapt quickly to rapid political changes in each nation and can tailor reactive strategies to the political needs of each country. MNCs which are immobile, inflexible and dependent on production on a large scale should define strategic business units as economic regions. The nature of such MNCs requires proactive regional strategies which emphasize inter-country dependencies.
Is ostracism a strong situation? The influence of personality in reactions to rejection

Abstract Previous research has demonstrated that ostracism from a social group generates psychological distress. As it stands, only a few previous studies have found evidence that immediate reactions to ostracism are moderated by individual differences. Using the classic Cyberball paradigm, the present research examined a comprehensive set of personality moderators and used the largest sample size to date of lab studies evaluating the effects of ostracism ( N = 270). Results indicated that when personality effects were observed in the control condition, they tended to be attenuated in the exclusion condition. More broadly, however, the findings provide little evidence that negative reactions to ostracism are strongly influenced by individual differences in personality.
Synthesis and optical properties of Ga2S3–Na2S–CsCl glasses

Abstract Ga2S3–Na2S–CsCl (GNC) glasses were synthesized in open crucibles under inert atmosphere. The evaporative loss of CsCl during glass melting was measured by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and corrected for by biasing the CsCl concentration in the mixture of starting materials to obtain glasses with accurately controlled stoichiometry. Glass-transition temperatures, refractive-index dispersions, visible and near-infrared transmittance, and band edge energies were measured for four GNC glasses with varying CsCl content, and the respective values were found to significantly improve over earlier studies that did not mitigate CsCl evaporative losses. Glass durability was assessed by a water immersion test at 74 °C. A respective weight loss rate of 39.2 ± 0.3 μg/(cm2 h) was found for a GNC glass containing 14 mol% CsCl, indicating good glass durability despite the high CsCl content. The refractive-index dispersion measurements indicate that the Cs+ and Cl− radii are 16% larger in GNC glass than in bulk crystalline CsCl. The band edge energy increases from 2.97 eV in Ga2S3–Na2S glass to 3.32 eV in Ga2S3–Na2S–CsCl glass containing 20 mol% CsCl as a result of introducing Cl− ions having a large optical electronegativity. The large bandgap of 3.32 eV, the low (450 cm−1) phonon energy, and the good chemical durability make GNC glass an attractive host material for rare-earth ions with radiative transitions in the near ultra-violet, visible, and near-infrared spectral regions.
Pharmacokinetics of orally administered ritodrine.

The oral dosing regimen for ritodrine was based in large part on kinetic data obtained in nonpregnant subjects. There are limited kinetic data after oral administration of ritodrine in pregnancy. The purpose of the present study was to compare ritodrine kinetics in pregnant and nonpregnant women, evaluate the effect of feeding on ritodrine absorption in pregnant women, and determine if the plasma concentration of ritodrine is proportional to the dose administered in nonpregnant women. Plasma concentrations after a single 20 mg dose of ritodrine were significantly greater in fasting nonpregnant women than in fasting pregnant women. The area under the concentration time curve was 1372 ± 385 and 1001 ± 257 ng/ml/min, respectively. In pregnant women ingesting 20 mg of ritodrine, plasma concentrations were not significantly different in the fed or fasted state; plasma concentrations peaked at 11 ng/ml and were less than 3 ng/ml within 4 hours. In nonpregnant subjects the concentration of ritodrine in plasma was proportional to the dose. After ingestion of 10, 20, or 30 mg of ritodrine, the area under the curve was 751 ± 253, 1372 ± 385, and 2148 ± 571 ng/ml/min, respectively. These data indicate that ritodrine concentrations in pregnant women after a 20 mg oral dose are low. Increases in dosage will probably result in proportional increases in plasma concentration. The maximal dose of ritodrine recommended for prevention of recurrent preterm labor should be increased.
Perspectives on supercomputing: three decades of change

I am fortunate to have had access to supercomputers for the last 28 years. Over this time I have used them to simulate time-dependent fluid flows in the compressible regime. Strong shocks and unstable multifluid boundaries, along with the phenomenon of fluid turbulence, have provided the simulation complexity that demands supercomputer power. The supercomputers I have used-the CDC 6600, 7600, and Star-100, the Cray-1, Cray-XMP, Cray-2, and Cray C-90, the Connection Machines CM-2 and CM-5, the Cray T3D, and the Silicon Graphics Challenge Array and Power Challenge Array-span three revolutions in supercomputer design: the introduction of vector supercomputing, parallel supercomputing on multiple CPUs, and supercomputing on hierarchically organized clusters of microprocessors with cache memories. The last revolution is still in progress, so its outcome is somewhat uncertain. I view these design revolutions through the prism of my specialty and through applications of the supercomputers I have used. Also, because these supercomputer design changes have driven equally important changes in numerical algorithms and the programs that implement them, I describe the three revolutions from this perspective.