cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prediction of internal and external noise fields for blowdown wind tunnels.

Empirical methods have been developed to estimate the test section noise levels and the outside noise radiation patterns of blowdown wind tunnels. Included are considerations of noise generation by control valves, burners, turbulent boundary layers, and exhaust jets as appropriate. Sample test section and radiation field noise estimates are presented. The external estimates are noted to be in good agreement with the limited amount of available measurements.
LIFE HISTORIES AND SEASONAL BIOLOGY OF FOUR HYPERPARASITES OF THE TOBACCO HORNWORM, MANDUCA SEXTA (LEPIDOPTERA: SPHINGIDAE)

Hypopteromalus tabacum (Fitch), Catolaccus aeneoviridis (Girault), Spilochalcis side (Walker), and Spilochalcis hirtifemora (Ashmead) were hyperparasites of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta (Linnaeus), most frequently reared from cocoons of the primary parasite, Apanteles congregatus (Say). The life history of each species was studied and the distinctive features of egg, last larval instar, and pupal stage were described.In 1969 through 1972 parasitization of the tobacco hornworm by A. congregatus started at low levels in June or July, increasing to nearly 100% by the end of September. A corresponding increase in the seasonal incidence of hyperparasitism was observed, although the level of hyperparasitism never exceeded 85% in any year. Each year S. side and S. hirtifemora were the first hyperparasites recorded; however, H. tabacum was always the most abundant. The number of C. aeneoviridis varied greatly from year to year.Peak spring emergence of H. tabacum and C. aeneoviridis occurred in April just before that of the primary parasite, A. congregatus, and as this was several months prior to their appearance in tobacco fields a number of possible alternate hosts for the hyperparasites were investigated.
Integrating desulfurization with CO2-capture in chemical-looping combustion

Chemical looping combustion (CLC) is an emerging technology for clean combustion. We have previously demonstrated that the embedding of metal nanoparticles into a nanostructured ceramic matrix can result in unusually active and sinter-resistant nanocomposite oxygen carrier materials for CLC which maintain high reactivity and high-temperature stability even when sulfur contaminated fuels are used in CLC. Here, we propose a novel process scheme for in situ desulfurization of syngas with simultaneous CO{sub 2}-capture in chemical looping combustion by using these robust nanocomposite oxygen carriers simultaneously as sulfur-capture materials. We found that a nanocomposite Cu-BHA carrier can indeed strongly reduce the H{sub 2}S concentration in the fuel reactor effluent. However, during the process the support matrix is also sulfidized and takes part in the redox process of CLC. This results in SO{sub 2} production during the reduction of the oxygen carrier and thus limits the degree of desulfurization attainable with this kind of carrier. Nevertheless, the results suggest that simultaneous desulfurization and CO{sub 2} capture in CLC is feasible with Cu as oxygen carrier as long as appropriate carrier support materials are chosen, and could result in a novel, strongly intensified process for low-emission, high efficiency combustion of sulfur contaminated fuel streams.
Behçet's syndrome with pyoderma-gangrenosum-like lesions treated successfully with dapsone monotherapy.

Behcet's syndrome (BS) is a rare multisystem disorder belonging to a group of neutrophilic dermatoses. We report a 65-year-old male patient who had suffered from recurrent painful orogenital ulcers for 50 years from the age of 15 and started developing pustular and bullous lesions evolving into non-healing ulcers similar to those seen in pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) two months prior to presenting to us. There was no evidence of systemic disease or malignancy. Routine baseline investigations were within normal limits. The patient was treated successfully with dapsone, antibiotics, and local wound care.
On the spaltenstein-steinberg map for classical lie algebras

We compute the fibers of the canonical map from Weyl group elements to orbital varieties for a Lie algebra of type B,C, or D. We also compute one irreducible component of the associated variety of any simple highest weight module in any classical type, thereby sharpening a result of Joseph and partially proving a conjecture of Tanisaki.
Feeding behavior of the sea star Astropecten articulatus (Echinodermata: Asteroidea): an evaluation of energy-efficient foraging in a soft-bottom predator

The energy efficiency of the foraging behavior of Astropecten articulatus (Say) was evaluated in the laboratory. Individuals utilized in the study were collected in the northern Gulf of Mexico from 1990 to 1992. Sea stars presented with equal numbers and weights of low-quality and high-quality prey consistently selected prey of the higher quality. Choice of prey appeared to be mediated by contact chemoreception. Individuals presented with equal weights or equal numbers of different-sized prey models demonstrated a significant preference for smaller prey. Size-selective feeding may be attributable to the ease of manipulation and ingestion of smaller prey, which mazimizes food intake per unit time. In the absence of prey, A. articulatus exhibited a directional pattern of movement. However, as prey were encountered, both the frequency and magnitude of angular deviations in the foraging path increased, resulting in increased foraging in areas of higher prey density. This response to prey availability may increase foraging efficiency by maximizing the rate of prey encounter. Like four other species of the genus Astropecten, A. articulatus exhibited two peaks of activity corresponding with dawn and dusk. Diurnal activities with periods of increased prey availability or periods during which predators are diminished or absent. The sea star A. articulatus exhibits foraging behaviors consistent with the maximization of net energy intake per unit foraging time.
Revision of the Isopod Family Sphaeromatidae (Crustacea: Isopoda: Flabellifera) I. Subfamily Names with Diagnoses and Key

ABSTRACT Nomenclature used to designate groups of sphaeromatid genera is discussed. New, properly formed, names are proposed to replace the previously incorrectly formed subgroups of Hansen and others that have been proposed over the years since Hansen. A diagnosis and list of the genera with authors is given for each subfamily. A key to the subfamilies is provided.
Distribution, age and chemical composition of tephra layers in deep-sea sediments off western Indonesia☆

Abstract Tephra layers occur in deep-sea sediments of the northeastern Indian Ocean, adjacent to western Indonesian are. The layers range in age from Recent to Late Miocene. Relative abundance of light and heavy mineral species in all tephra layers have been determined, and pure glass shards from representative samples have been analyzed chemically for major oxides. On the basis of the chemical data, three distinct provinces can be recognized: (1) an extensive province of rhyolitic tephra layers, ranging in age back to Late Miocene, is found adjacent to Sumatra; (2) a more restricted province of dacitic layers, adjacent to Sunda Strait and western Java; and (3) a province of andesitic layers, found adjacent to eastern Java and the Lesser Sunda Islands. Chemical composition of tephra layers in each province remains constant with time. As an example, tephra layers from the rhyolitic province are characterized by a high and restricted range of SiO2 (75–77%) when expressed on an H2O-free basis. Tephra layers recovered from the study area were examined for chemical evidence of secondary alteration. The analyses revealed that H2O is the only major oxide in the glass shards which increases progressively with the age of the tephra layers regardless of the bulk composition. H2O, however, reaches a “saturation point” of 4–5% in the layers 250–400 thousands of years old and remains constant to the oldest recovered tephra layer (7.5 m.y. old). The decrease in silica content in deep-sea tephra layers eastward along the Indonesian volcanic arc coincides with a similar eastward decrease in average silica content in Indonesian lavas. A relatively high silica content in lavas from Sumatra, with associated ignimbrites and their deep-sea ash-fall equivalents is closely linked to thick pre-Cenozoic crust. In the portion of the arc to the east of Sumatra, the crust is Cenozoic and thin. Difference in silica content of both the lavas and deep-sea tephras along the Indonesian arc is considered in regard to the hypothesis of “magma filtering” which is based on the contrasting density gradients of ascending magma and the upper crust.
Three-dimensional receiver operating characteristic (ROC) trajectory concepts for the evaluation of target recognition algorithms faced with the unknown target detection problem

This paper presents a three-dimensional (3-D) receiver operating characteristic (ROC) trajectory which combines the principles of the standard ROC curve used in automatic target recognition (ATR) with a third performance measure. These 3-D ROC trajectories are used to compare competing target recognition algorithms when unknown targets are present in the data. A probability of rejection is added to the standard ROC curve that includes the probability of successful detection (true positive rate) and the probability of false alarm (false positive rate). By using the probability of rejection, targets may be eliminated that are difficult to classify, or perhaps unknown. The 3-D ROC trajectory can be a useful tool for a SAR image analyst for understanding the tradeoffs between the probability of rejection and the two standard performance measures commonly used in detection problems.
Numerical simulation of airflow and particle collection by vegetative barriers

AbstractVegetative barriers have the potential to mitigate particulate matter (PM) from open dust sources, including unpaved and paved roads, exposed storage piles, and agricultural sources; however, data on their effectiveness in capturing PM are limited. This study was conducted to predict the airflow and particle collection efficiency of vegetative barriers. The applicability of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in modeling airflow around and through porous barriers was first evaluated by simulating airflow passing a porous fence (1.2 m high × 0.01 m thick, 50% porosity) using standard and realizable k -e turbulence models in FLUENT. Predicted air velocities compared favorably with available experimental data. The CFD model was then applied to simulate airflow and particle collection by a row of trees (2.2 m high × 1.6 m wide) with characteristics similar to those of hawthorn trees. The Eulerian-Eulerian model was used to predict particle transport and collection by the tree elements. Predicted partic...
Deconfined SU(2) phase with a massive vector boson triplet

We introduce a model of SU(2) and U(1) vector fields with a local U(2) symmetry. Its action can be obtained in the London limit of a gauge invariant regularization involving two scalar fields. Evidence from lattice simulations of the model supports a (zero-temperature) SU(2) deconfining phase transition through breaking of the SU(2) center symmetry, and a massive vector boson triplet is found in the deconfined phase.
Capture: a desktop display-centric text recorder

As more and more information is designed for human visual consumption through computer displays, the need to capture and process display-centric content is becoming increasingly important, especially for visually impaired users. We present Capture, a novel display-centric text recorder that facilitates real-time access to onscreen text and its structure and contextual information, including data associated with both foreground and background windows. Capture provides an intelligent caching architecture that integrates with the standard accessibility framework available on modern operating systems to continuously track onscreen text and metadata. This enables fast, semantic information recording without any modifications to applications, window systems, or operating system kernels. The recorded data is useful for a variety of problem domains, including assistive technologies, desktop search, auditing, and predictive graphical user interfaces. We have implemented a Capture prototype on Linux with the GNOME Accessibility Toolkit. Our results on real desktop applications demonstrate that Capture provides low runtime overhead and much more complete recording of onscreen text than modern desktop screen readers used for visually impaired users.
Chemo‐irradiation induced aortoesophageal fistula

A patient with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus developed fatal aortoesophageal (AE) fistula following a preoperative course of combined chemotherapy plus radiation therapy. This is the first reported case of AE fistula following preoperative chemoradiotherapy. This complication is potentially correctable if suspected early, since the massive hemorrhage characteristic of AE fistula is usually preceded by an initial sentinel hemorrhage. The cause of this complication is not clear, but it may be due to inflammation of the vasa vasorum with necrosis of the aortic wall. The concomitant use of fluorouracil and cisplatin with radiation therapy acts as a radiosensitizer and may have potentiated the radiation effect on the aortic wall.
Spectroscopic orbits of symbiotic stars - Preliminary results

The present search for radial velocity variations due to orbital motions in symbiotic stars involved observations of 17 such stars at approximately 1-month intervals, as well as of radial velocity variations in the M-giant primary in nine stars. The observed radial velocity curves are commensurate with those expected from a group of binaries having random sin i and about 20 km/sec orbital velocities. Four of the orbital periods thus suggested for seven stars confirm previously known photometric periods, while one confirms a previously known orbital period and two are completely new. Knowledge of the orbits allows identification of those symbiotics that are close to filling their Roche lobes.
Identification of the thiazolyl peptide GE37468 gene cluster from Streptomyces ATCC 55365 and heterologous expression in Streptomyces lividans

Thiazolyl peptides are bacterial secondary metabolites that potently inhibit protein synthesis in Gram-positive bacteria and malarial parasites. Recently, our laboratory and others reported that this class of trithiazolyl pyridine-containing natural products is derived from ribosomally synthesized preproteins that undergo a cascade of posttranslational modifications to produce architecturally complex macrocyclic scaffolds. Here, we report the gene cluster responsible for production of the elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu)-targeting 29-member thiazolyl peptide GE37468 from Streptomyces ATCC 55365 and its heterologous expression in the model host Streptomyces lividans. GE37468 harbors an unusual β-methyl-δ-hydroxy-proline residue that may increase conformational rigidity of the macrocycle and impart reduced entropic costs of target binding. Isotope feeding and gene knockout were employed in the engineered S. lividans strain to identify the P450 monooxygenase GetJ as the enzyme involved in posttranslational transformation of isoleucine 8 to β-methyl-δ-hydroxy-proline through a predicted tandem double hydroxylation/cyclization mechanism. Loss of Ile8 oxygenative cyclization or mutation of Ile8 to alanine via preprotein gene replacement resulted in a 4-fold and 2-fold drop in antibiotic activity, respectively. This report of genetic manipulation of a 29-member thiazolyl peptide sets the stage for further genetic examination of structure activity relationships in the EF-Tu targeting class of thiazolyl peptides.
Peer Victimization and Psychosocial Adjustment in Children with Type 1 Diabetes

This study investigated the frequency and psychosocial correlates of peer victimization in a sample of youths with diabetes. The Social Experience Questionnaire, Children's Depression Inventory, Social Anxiety Scale for Children-Revised, and Asher Loneliness Scale were administered to 32 children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes and 32 control children without a medical diagnosis who were matched for age and gender. Results indicated that children with diabetes reported higher rates of relational victimization and lower levels of prosocial peer support than youths without diabetes. In addition, relational victimization was positively associated with depression, social anxiety, and loneliness for diabetic children. Implications of these findings for clinicians working with this population are discussed.
Prouroguanylin and proguanylin: purification from colon, structure, and modulation of bioactivity by proteases.

Uroguanylin and guanylin are peptides isolated from urine and intestinal mucosa, which regulate cyclic GMP production in enterocytes by activating an apical membrane, receptor-guanylate cyclase. This study extended our previous findings, which showed that colonic mucosa of opossums contained uroguanylin and guanylin peptides, by purifying prouroguanylin and proguanylin from this tissue. Prouroguanylin and proguanylin coeluted from Sephadex G-75 gelfiltration columns with a similar molecular size between 6 and 12 kDa. Mass spectrometry indicated that proguanylin (approximately 8.7 kDa) had a 10% lower molecular mass than prouroguanylin (approximately 9.7 kDa). Isoelectric focusing separated prouroguanylin (pI approximately 4.5) from proguanylin (pI approximately 7.5). N-terminal sequence analysis of reverse phrase-HPLC purified prohormones revealed 13 amino acids in opossum proguanylin that shared 77-85% identity with human and rat proguanylin, but only 23% identity with opossum prouroguanylin. The N-termi...
From Protectionism to Regionalism: Multinational Firms and Trade-Related Investment Measures

Trade-related investment measures (TRIMs) have been a key issue in regional and multilateral trade negotiations, but they have received little attention in theoretical work to date. This article analyzes the political economy of TRIMs to illuminate why regional arrangements have been a popular framework for eliminating them. The main argument is that multinational firms often demand safeguards when TRIMs are being liberalized, particularly if they have large sunk costs due to asset specificity. In general, regional arrangements are better equipped than multilateral rules to incorporate the safeguards these firms demand: regionalism requires governments to make binding commitments, and it creates opportunities to discriminate against outsiders. A case study of lobbying by U.S. companies with FDI in Canada from the early twentieth century to the negotiation of the Canada-United States Free Trade Agreement illustrates these points. The article concludes that regional arrangements are likely to remain more active, and more successful, than multilateral discussions in managing the commitment problems inherent in liberalizing TRIMs.
The Muslim, the Jew and the African American: America and the production of alterity in Borat

In this paper, I draw on the work of literary critic Wolfgang Kayser and his concept of the grotesque to analyze the recently released film “Borat”. I argue that the film is an allegory of America and some of its Others, including the Muslim, the Jew, and the African American.
Starvation Modeling and Identification in Dense 802.11 Wireless Community Networks

With the growing number of spontaneously deployed WiFi hotspots and home networks, end-users often experience significant performance degradation or even starvation. However, we observe that tuning individual system parameters (channel, Tx power, carrier sense (CS) threshold, and transmit rate etc.) is insufficient and in some cases may lead to starvation. In this paper, we develop a comprehensive analytical model to characterize throughput of individual flows in dense IEEE 802.11 wireless community networks. The proposed model subsumes existing models for the IEEE 802.11 MAC in multihop wireless networks by accounting for heterogeneous transmission power levels and CS thresholds, as well as various sources of packet collisions. Based on the insight from the theoretical analysis and simulation results, we propose a simple identification mechanism that determines the sources of starvation using local measurements. Both the theoretical model and the identification algorithm are validated using ns-2 simulations.
Failure correlation between cylindrical pressurized vessels and flat plates

Utilizing the theory of thin shell structures, a failure criterion is presented which one may use to predict, analytically, catastrophic failures, or unzipping, in cylindrical pressurized vessels, based on the fracture toughness profile K obtained from tests carried out on flat plates of the same material and thickness. These test results are plotted as a function of the characteristic ratio (h/c), where h represents the specimen thickness and c one-half of the crack length. Comparison with carefully controlled experimental data substantiates its validity and its potential use. The advantage of such an approach is that considerable amount of time and money can be saved.
In situ TPO/Raman to characterize single-walled carbon nanotubes

Temperature programmed oxidation (TPO) coupled with in situ Raman spectroscopy has been used as an effective qualitative and quantitative analysis of raw and purified single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) samples. The incorporation of Raman facilitates the identification of the nature of the oxidation peaks present in a TPO profile. Using different samples it was possible to evaluate the potential of the technique for quantifying different impurities in the SWNT samples as well as in SWNT-polymer composites.
Difference Sampling Theorems For a Class of Non-Bandlimited Signals

We consider the reconstruction of a class of continuous time non bandlimited signals from its samples and their differences. The set of samples and their differences is obtained from an oversampled sequence of the underlying continuous time signal. This sequence is in turn modeled as the output of a discrete time multirate interpolation filter. Using this model, we propose a general structure to retrieve the continuous time signal and derive corresponding mathematical conditions for its reconstruction using FIR digital filters. The use of FIR filtering is desired to guarantee the stability of the reconstruction process.
New strategy for the conformational analysis of carbohydrates based on NOE and 13C NMR coupling constants. Application to the flexible polysaccharide of Streptococcus mitis J22.

For complex oligosaccharides, which are relatively rigid with modest excursions from a single minimum energy conformation, it is straightforward to build conformational models from NOE data. Other oligosaccharides are more flexible with transitions between distinct minima separated by substantial energy barriers. We show that modeling based on scalar coupling data is superior to NOE-based modeling for the latter case. Long range 13C−13C and 13C−1H coupling constants measured for the heptasaccharide repeating subunit of the cell wall polysaccharide from Streptococcus mitis J22 are correlated with individual glycosidic dihedral angles, effectively uncoupling the degrees of freedom of the oligosaccharide and allowing a search for combinations of dihedral angles which are energetically reasonable, i.e., with no bad van der Waals contacts, and which can be combined to satisfy all the measured J values. Allowed values of the individual angles can then be combined to search for overall oligosaccharide conformati...
Tide observations in the Korea-Tsushima Strait

Abstract Tides are analyzed in the Korea-Tsushima Strait using measurements from 11 moorings, each containing an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) and a pressure gauge. These instruments were bottom moored at depths ranging from 59 to 142 m from May 1999 until October 1999 along two lines across the Strait, northeast and southwest of Tsushima Island. Tide amplitudes range over 3 m along the southern line but only range about 0.7 m along the northern line. Maximum total current velocities exceed 100 cm/s in the surface layers and typically exceed 50 cm/s at mid-depths along both lines. These data are analyzed for eight tidal constituents, which are found to account for about 88% of the sea surface height variability along the southern line and 70% along the northern line. M2, S2, K1, and O1 are the dominant constituents. Their amplitudes are generally 10–20% smaller than amplitudes from tide charts. M2 tidal velocities range from 17 to 25 cm/s along the line northeast of Tsushima Island, and are largest at the mooring on the western side of the Strait, nearest to Korea. Southeast of Tsushima Island, either M2 or K1 dominates the tidal contribution to the current, with tidal velocities ranging between 13 and 23 cm/s. Tidal velocities are fairly depth independent at mid-depths but exhibit varying degrees of depth dependence in the near-surface and near-bottom layers. While tidal currents are responsible for about 25% of the eddy kinetic energy in the near surface layer, they account for more than 50% of the eddy kinetic energy at mid-depths and about 70% near the bottom.
Building reconfiguration primitives into the law of a system

Given a certain class C of reconfigurations, deemed to be potentially important for a given system, we define a reconfiguration suite S/sub c/ to be a set of primitive operations that satisfy the following conditions: any reconfiguration in C can be carried out by a sequence of primitives from S/sub c/. The correctness of S/sub c/ should be independent of the functionality of the system, and invariant of its reconfigurations (for a given set of possible configurations of the system at hand). We describe a mechanism for implementing such reconfiguration suites, for a system that operates under law-governed interaction (LGI), currently supported by an experimental toolkit called Moses. LGI is a mode of interaction between the members of a given group (or system) of agents, which is governed by an explicit and strictly enforced set of rules, called the law of this group. The existence of such a law under LGI provides us with an architectural model of the system, which can be made to include the definition of reconfiguration suites.
FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO GLOBAL DIFFERENCES IN BUILDING ENCLOSURES

A study has been undertaken to compare local considerations for the design and construction of building enclosures in different global markets. This ongoing study explores significant differences in building enclosures on mainstream, modern, low-to-mid-rise commercial buildings in four major global construction markets: Europe, Far East, Middle East, and North America. Experts with international experience were interviewed on what they perceived as differences in the various global markets and also completed a survey to develop a comprehensive list of weighted factors underlying observed global differences in building enclosures. Prominent factors that contribute to global differences in local considerations for the design and construction of building enclosures are presented to inform building enclosure professionals on local considerations when conducting building enclosure activities internationally. The four factors most commonly mentioned through the interviews were energy codes, climate, local capabilities, and energy. Included in this paper is how each factor was perceived to play a role in creating global differences in building enclosures.
Accelerated contrast-enhanced whole-heart coronary MRI using low-dimensional-structure self-learning and thresholding

We sought to evaluate the efficacy of prospective random undersampling and low-dimensional-structure self-learning and thresholding reconstruction for highly accelerated contrast-enhanced whole-heart coronary MRI. A prospective random undersampling scheme was implemented using phase ordering to minimize artifacts due to gradient switching and was compared to a randomly undersampled acquisition with no profile ordering. This profile-ordering technique was then used to acquire contrast-enhanced whole-heart coronary MRI in 10 healthy subjects with 4-fold acceleration. Reconstructed images and the acquired zero-filled images were compared for depicted vessel length, vessel sharpness, and subjective image quality on a scale of 1 (poor) to 4 (excellent). In a pilot study, contrast-enhanced whole-heart coronary MRI was also acquired in four patients with suspected coronary artery disease with 3-fold acceleration. The undersampled images were reconstructed using low-dimensional-structure self-learning and thresholding, which showed significant improvement over the zero-filled images in both objective and subjective measures, with an overall score of 3.6 ± 0.5. Reconstructed images in patients were all diagnostic. Low-dimensional-structure self-learning and thresholding reconstruction allows contrast-enhanced whole-heart coronary MRI with acceleration as high as 4-fold using clinically available five-channel phased-array coil.
Signaling circuitry in vascular morphogenesis.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this mini-review, we have highlighted the recent breakthroughs in growth factor signaling that have made conceptual changes in our understanding of how blood vessels are formed. RECENT FINDINGS Studies conducted over the past few years have focused on understanding the cell biology of vascular morphogenesis. The major themes include characterization of the different cell types that comprise a vascular sprout, as well as the regulatory influence of cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions on signaling outcomes. In addition, novel trends have emerged, including nonconventional ways in which vascular endothelial growth factor contributes to cell survival and metabolic balance. SUMMARY The growth of new capillary sprouts from a preexisting vascular network requires a highly coordinated cellular response to both growth factors and morphogens. This response is sensed and triggered by cell surface receptors responsible for the activation of an intracellular cascade that efficiently initiates migration and proliferation programs. While the molecular players that coordinate these effects have been identified, recent findings have expanded our understanding of how context, in particular cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, affects endothelial cell responses to growth factors.
Transcriptional Regulation of YWHAZ, the Gene Encoding 14-3-3ζ

Aberrant expression of oncogenic 14-3-3 proteins is correlated with poor survival of cancer patients. While the underlying mechanism of the abnormal expression in tumors remains elusive for the six oncogenic 14-3-3 isoforms; the potential involvement of a transcriptional component has been suggested. Unfortunately, little experimental data has been reported to support this hypothesis. In this study we describe the genetic structure of YWHAZ, the gene encoding 14-3-3ζ, including the identification of previously unreported transcript variants. In total, five transcript variants were revealed and their expressions confirmed in a panel of cell lines. Expressed sequence tag (EST) database mining and in vitro rapid-amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) confirmed that one variant, 1c, represents >80% of the expressed transcripts, which is also the most efficiently translated. An analysis of the proximal promoter of this variant revealed a functional Cyclic-AMP Response Element (CRE). Factors that bound to the CRE element were recognized through fractionation and subsequent EMSAs. This analysis identified CREB and ATF-1 as the trans-interacting factors. Cell-based assays confirm that ATF-1, and to a lesser extent CREB, bind the endogenous YWHAZ promoter especially under TNF-α stimulating conditions. In support of a role of ATF-1 in the regulation of YWHAZ, silencing of ATF-1 resulted in a marked reduction in two of the five YWHAZ transcripts. These data suggest a novel mechanism for the transcriptional regulation of a major pro-survival gene, YWHAZ, by ATF-1.
Twenty-Four-Hour Mean Plasma Testosterone Concentration Declines with Age in Normal Premenopausal Women

The 24-h mean plasma concentration of total testosterone (T) was measured in 33 healthy, regularly cycling, nonobese women between 21 and 51 yr of age. Percent free T was measured in 17 of them. Plasma dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) were measured in 24 of them, and the DHEA-to-T and DHEAS-to-T ratios were calculated. It was found that the concentration of total T showed a steep decline with age; the regression equation was: T (nanomoles per L) = 37.8 x age-1.12 (r = -0.54; P < 0.003). According to this equation, the expected T concentration of a woman of 40 would be 0.61 nmol/L, about half that of a woman of 21 (1.3 nmol/L). The percent free T did not vary significantly with age, so free T concentration likewise showed a steep decline with age. The DHEA-to-T and DHEAS-to-T ratios were both age invariant, clearly because the levels of DHEA and DHEAS also decline steeply with age, as previously reported.
Ocular Consequences of Trauma in Raptors

The consequences of ocular trauma, a common clinical entity in birds of prey, is discussed. An overview of the anatomic and physiological features of the avian eye relevant to ocular trauma and the basic principles of an ophthalmic examination in an injured raptor are presented. The pathogenesis of ocular traumatic lesions caused by coup, contrecoup, and direct ocular compressive forces is reviewed. Specific ocular lesions commonly resulting from blunt and penetrating trauma in the raptor eye, including a brief discussion of therapy, are outlined.
Who Has the Body? The Paths to Habeas Corpus Reform:

The purpose of this article is to place the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act (AEDPA) of 1996 within a political and historical framework that describes the effort by the Supreme Court and various interested parties to restrict prisoners’ access to the federal courts by way of habeas corpus. Of principal concern here is how an act of terrorism against the United States provides an opportunity for Congress to restrict death row prisoners from obtaining habeas corpus review. Along with an analysis of Supreme Court decisions, three attempts to limit federal habeas corpus review for state prisoners from the late 1980s to the middle 1990s are described, all of which helped Congress to pass the AEDPA, a law that ratified the Supreme Court’s most restrictive habeas corpus decisions dating back some 35 years.
Thomas Nast’s Illustrated Almanacs, 1871-1875

More than 300 pages of this year’s Green Bag Almanac & Reader are devoted to reproducing in their entirety all five of Thomas Nast’s “Illustrated Almanacs.” From the beginning, Nast’s Almanac was well-received. Positive reviews of the first edition - the full title of which was “Nast’s Illustrated Almanac for 1871” quickly followed the October 1870 announcement in Harper’s Weekly of Nast’s new publishing venture. For example, Our American Dore, Mr. Thomas Nast, has made an illustrated almanac which takes the lead of any comic effort before attempted in this country. Those addicted to fits of melancholy should invest twenty-five cents in this laugh-provoking affair. The contents of the 1871 almanac were indeed interesting and amusing, ranging from a rather violent version of the story of Mary and her lamb to silly historical and Shakespearean vignettes. And they were generously sprinkled with “105 illustrations by Nast” the famous editorial artist, including such gems as a sketch of Elizabeth I in which the Queen bears a striking resemblance to Mr. Punch (that is, the 19th-century English version of the classic, irreverent puppet and cartoon character) and a rendering of Sir Francis Drake as a mustachioed waterfowl. But it was with the second edition - “Nast’s Illustrated Almanac for 1872” - that Nast’s Almanac really hit its stride with respect to both content and marketing. Most importantly, Nast enlisted several famous friends to provide signed works for his almanac, including Mark Twain (aka Samuel Clemens), Charles Dickens, and Josh Billings (aka Henry Wheeler Shaw, in his time a literary celebrity nearly on a par with Clemens). And Nast drew original illustrations for all of them.
The Place Of Constitutional Law in the Legal System

If one takes a broad, panoramic perspective on comparative constitutional law, the familiar narrative of the rise of world constitutionalism suggests a fairly straightforward and uniform answer to the most general question of the place of constitutional law in a legal system. So, too, the logically prior question of what constitutional law is. The “postwar paradigm” posits in its essential features, first, that constitutional law is the law codified in a country’s written constitution, mostly establishing the ground rules of government and protecting certain basic rights, and second that this law sits at the apex of its legal system. It is the supreme law of the land, entrenched to reflect and preserve its primacy, and authoritatively interpreted and applied by a high court with the power to set aside conflicting non-constitutional law. Zooming in, however, on the theory and practice of constitutionalism in certain specific contexts reveals that both questions have recently become interestingly more complex and the answers provided more nuanced and diverse. So, for example, what constitutional law is and the line between it and other law, what forms it can take and the judicial techniques it may employ, have been helpfully complicated by the development of theories of both the common law and the statutory constitution in various English-speaking countries in recent years. Similarly, three different views of the general place of constitutional law in a legal system have been defended or described in different contexts, which form a spectrum running from political to legal constitutionalism, and finally to what may be called “total constitutionalism.” Less globally, and perhaps also more familiarly, there are robust ongoing practical and scholarly debates about the place of constitutional law in certain specific areas of a country’s legal system. Thus, the old question of the relative importance and centrality of constitutional law to issues of rights protection versus governmental structure has been raised in a surprising variety of contexts and with interestingly different conclusions in recent years. The issue of the scope of constitutional law within the sphere of private conduct/private law has been a prominent one in recent bouts of constitution-making and judicial implementation, triggering much scholarly interest. Similarly, the debate about the role of constitutional law versus legislative politics in securing social and economic welfare has been enlivened and extended by recent experience, particularly in South Africa and Eastern Europe. Overall, this increasingly rich literature suggests the importance of a genuinely comparative perspective that takes contextualized constitutional discourses seriously and results in distinct and broader conceptions of constitutional phenomena than provided by either purely domestic constitutional law or more abstract, philosophical reflection. Here, as elsewhere, focus on both sameness and difference, on paradigm and particularity, seems to offer the most useful and illuminating general methodology for the discipline.
Reaction of O(3P) with ClONO2: Rate Coefficients and Yield of NO3 Product

The rate coefficient for the reaction O(3P) with ClONO2, k1, was measured between 202 and 325 K using two methods: pulsed laser photolysis with time-resolved atomic resonance fluorescence detection of the O atoms and pulsed laser photolysis with long-path tunable diode laser absorption for detection of NO3 radicals. The measured rate coefficient is summarized by k1 = (4.5 ± 1.4) × 10-12 exp[(−900 ± 80)/T] cm3 molecule-1 s-1, with k1(298 K) = (2.2 ± 0.2) × 10-13 cm3 molecule-1 s-1. The yield of NO3 radical in this reaction was measured to be essentially unity. Our results are compared with those from previous studies.
Distribution and excretion of radioactivity in rats after oral administration of H3-3-methylcholanthrene.

Summary1) Sprague-Dawley female rats, age 50 days, were given 10 mg H3-3-methyl-cholanthrene dissolved in sesame oil by gastric tube. 2) In the first experiment selected tissues, urine and feces were analyzed for radioactivity after 24 hours. Sixty to 90% of administered radioactivity was found in gastric and intestinal contents or in feces; 4.4% in urine. Less than 2% was recovered in the tissues analyzed. Results obtained by combustion technic for measurement of total radioactivity were compared with those obtained by toluene extraction. Data indicate that most radioactivity in fat and mammary tissue could be extracted with toluene, whereas negligible quantities could be obtained by this method for liver, kidney, brain, uterus and skeletal muscle. 3) In the second experiment, 24-hour samples of urine and feces were analyzed for total radioactivity for 24-25 days. Significant quantities of tritium-labeled material appeared in urine for 13-17 days and in feces for 7-11 days. Thereafter, fecal and urinary ...
The Relationship of Arthropod Predators to Crop Damage Inflicted by the Sugarcane Borer

Soil application of heptachlor had significantly more destructive effects on ground-inhabiting predaceous arthropods (especially on ants) than endrin or azinphosmethyl in sugarcane fields in Louisiana. Ant populations were significantly lower in endrin-than in azinphosmethyl-treated plots. No difference in spider populations was recorded in plots treated with either endrin or azinphosmethyl. Azinphosmethyl had the least drastic effects on predator populations, particularly ants. Generally, percentages of joints bored by the sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis (F.), as well as percentages of infestation, were found to be negatively correlated with numbers of predaceous soil arthropods. Increase in damage by the sugarcane borer in heptachlor-treated plots was mainly due to the suppression of predator populations. Direct observations in the field indicated that ants are among the more important natural control agents that determine the degree of infestation by the sugarcane borer. A list of the species of predators collected during the summer of 1965 from pitfall traps situated at Cinclare Plantation, West Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana, is presented. Six of the species of spiders collected had not previously been reported to occur in Louisiana.
Testing the resistance of Helicobacter pylori to a traditional Chinese medicine in vitro

Objective To examine simple qualitative and quantitative methods to test the resistance of Helicobacter pylori to a traditional Chinese medicine in vitro.Methods Hp selective agar plates containing different concentrations of medicine were prepared after serial dilution.Hp was cultured using the GasPak system.The disk diffusion test was used to determine the inhibitory effect of a traditional Chinese medicine on Hp,and the serial dilution test on solid medium and instillation test were used to determine the MBC of the traditional Chinese medicine on Hp.Results A disk diffusion test with a 1︰16 dilution of the drug and 4×105 CFU/ml of bacteria resulted in an inhibition zone.The MBC of the drug on Hp was 1﹕40 according to the serial dilution test on solid medium and instillation test.Conclusion The disk diffusion test,serial dilution test on solid medium,and instillation test can be used to determine action against HP of traditional Chinese medicine preparations in vitro.
Emergency free tissue transfer for reconstruction of acute upper extremity wounds.

The accepted method of treatment for acute, contaminated, upper extremity wounds is serial debridement and delayed closure. Emergency free tissue transfer challenges these concepts by advocating radical debridement and early closure of these wounds. The use of emergency free tissue transfer in the upper extremity allows early motion and possibly lowers the rates of infection, nonunion, flap failure, and the length of hospital stay. The decision to carry out emergency free tissue transfer is made after evaluating the patient's systemic condition and the following factors: (1) extent of debridement, (2) bacterial load, (3) fracture type, (4) anatomical location of the wound, and (5) presence of exposed vital structures. When conditions are ideal, emergency free tissue transfer may be the best choice for closure of acute, contaminated, upper extremity wounds.
Selection Criteria for the Evaluation of Living Related Renal Donors

AbstractThe documented long-term health of the living related renal donor is a tribute to careful preoperative selection and surgical technique. At our medical center 187 prospective donors were evaluated during a 6-year period and 91 underwent donor nephrectomy. Hypertension, renal artery anomalies and donor indecision were the most common reasons for donor rejection. Recipient health and/or death, or a positive crossmatch after pre-transplant donor specific transfusion were other post-arteriogram reasons not to proceed with transplantation. Women were more likely to undergo nephrectomy than men, and older or heavier donors were more likely to be rejected.Using the transcostal, extrapleural surgical approach for nephrectomy there were no deaths or major complications, and the mean postoperative length of stay was 6.4 days. The average postoperative increase in serum creatinine was 0.33mg./dl. with an average creatinine at discharge of the patient from the hospital of 1.2mg./dl. The latter creatinine valu...
Two Dimensional Semi-Classical Laser Cooling Theory

Recently there have been several efforts to analyze the light pressure force in two-and three-dimensional optical molasses 1’2’3 for various laser-atom configurations. Castin et al.3 have investigated the two-dimensional Sisyphus cooling and revealed some special features in the two-dimensional system, such as momentum space channelling for Jg=1/2 to Je=3/2 transition in lin-lin configuration. Wilmer et al.’ and Javanainen2 have also described their theoretical studies of the multi-dimensional force carried out by time-integrating the optical Bloch equations and the Fokker-Planck equations in the semiclassical limit. Due to the long computing time, they were unable to analyze the force in complete detail, and thus the understanding of many intriguing phenomena of the multi-dimensional system is still very limited.
Kultur(en) im Coaching

Wendet sich in der heutigen transkulturell verfassten Gesellschaft ein Coaching-Partner an einen professionellen Coach, so ist immer Diversitat zu berucksichtigen. Dabei sind nicht nur Einflusse von Landes- und Sprachkulturen oder die Multikulturalitat von Teams zu bedenken, sondern auch Organisationskulturen, Branchenbesonderheiten, das Machtgefalle zwischen Einheimischen und Einwanderern, Geschlechtern oder Generationen u.v.m. Die kulturell verflochtene Arbeits- und Lebenswelt macht erforderlich, im Coaching systematisch kulturreflexiv vorzugehen. Daher ist »Interkulturelles Coaching« kein Spezialfall mehr fur Auslandsentsendungen, sondern Ausdruck eines Veranderungsprozesses fur das Coaching selbst. In diesem Beitrag wird an Beispielen gezeigt, wie ein Coach systematisch kulturreflexiv vorgehen kann.