cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Case Reports on Metaplastic Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Breast and Treatment Dilemma

Metaplastic squamous cell carcinoma of the breast is a very rare form of breast cancer that consists of both glandular and nonglandular components mixed with epithelial and mesenchymal tissues. Worldwide, the incidence of this tumor is between 0.1 and 2%. Because of the rarity of this tumor and heterogeneous behavior of the tumor cells, it is difficult to establish the standard therapeutic approach. We report 2 cases of metaplastic squamous cell carcinoma of the breast in young patients with different responses to treatment strategies. The first case is a premenopausal female with metaplastic squamous cell carcinoma treated with surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, and the second case is perimenopausal metaplastic squamous cell carcinoma with sarcomatoid subtype and osteoid matrix production which progressed on chemotherapy and was treated with surgery and radiation.
2D Multi-Spectral Convolutional Encoder-Decoder Model for Geobody Segmentation

In this paper, we propose a workflow of automatic facies analysis with seismic amplitude data and its spectral decomposition information. Although the spectral magnitude and phase are shown to have higher signal-to-noise ratios, it is rarely involved in recent methods. The existing methods usually use a convolutional neural network (CNN) to extract features from raw seismic data without considering that the rock properties are often carried by spectral responses at particular frequencies. In this paper, we incorporate the spectral voice components that contain spectral magnitude and phase at given frequencies into a convolutional encoder-decoder architecture. This combination considers multi-spectral fine features as well as seismic broadband features for facies classification. Experiments are conducted on an open dataset from geoscience research community for classifying eight classes of seismic facies. Performance on the test set using the proposed workflow has shown good results with an IoU of 0.882. Then we apply the trained model on the whole 3D seismic data (including the non-labeled data) and visualize the spatial distribution of the prediction masks. The result shows the robustness and effectiveness of our architecture.
p-Hacking: A Strategic Analysis

The phenomenon of p-hacking occurs when researchers engage in questionable practices that enable them to report findings as being statistically significant. I offer four models of p-hacking behavior – unconditional, strategic, greedy, and restrained – and explore the implications of each model. I discuss the implications of recent reforms (routine replication, pre- registration, and blinded data analysis) with respect to these models.
Indian Tribal Rights to Groundwater

There are a number of methods or analyses under which Indian tribes may claim rights to groundwater. Several tribes have asserted rights to groundwater as part of their federally-reserved water rights under the Winters doctrine. Untested so far is an alternative theory of reserved rights under the Shoshone rule that constituent elements of trust land are, like the land itself, held in trust for the tribes. In addition, state law groundwater rights, based on ownership or use, should be available to tribes that wish to assert them. And finally, several water settlement acts address tribal rights to groundwater as well as surface water. This article surveys those approaches to Indian rights to groundwater.
Role of GlnR in Controlling Expression of Nitrogen Metabolism Genes in Listeria monocytogenes.

ABSTRACT Listeria monocytogenes is a fastidious bacterial pathogen that can utilize only a limited number of nitrogen sources for growth. Both glutamine and ammonium are common nitrogen sources used in listerial defined growth media, but little is known about the regulation of their uptake or utilization. The functional role of L. monocytogenes GlnR, the transcriptional regulator of nitrogen metabolism genes in low-G+C Gram-positive bacteria, was determined using transcriptome sequencing and real-time reverse transcription-PCR experiments. The GlnR regulon included transcriptional units involved in ammonium transport (amtB glnK) and biosynthesis of glutamine (glnRA) and glutamate (gdhA) from ammonium. As in other bacteria, GlnR proved to be an autoregulatory repressor of the glnRA operon. Unexpectedly, GlnR was most active during growth with ammonium as the nitrogen source and less active in the glutamine medium, apparently because listerial cells perceive growth with glutamine as a nitrogen-limiting condition. Therefore, paradoxically, expression of the glnA gene, encoding glutamine synthetase, was highest in the glutamine medium. For the amtB glnK operon, GlnR served as both a negative regulator in the presence of ammonium and a positive regulator in the glutamine medium. The gdhA gene was subject to a third mode of regulation that apparently required an elevated level of GlnR for repression. Finally, activity of glutamate dehydrogenase encoded by the gdhA gene appeared to correlate inversely with expression of gltAB, the operon that encodes the other major glutamate-synthesizing enzyme, glutamate synthase. Both gdhA and amtB were also regulated, in a negative manner, by the global transcriptional regulator CodY. IMPORTANCEL. monocytogenes is a widespread foodborne pathogen. Nitrogen-containing compounds, such as the glutamate-containing tripeptide, glutathione, and glutamine, have been shown to be important for expression of L. monocytogenes virulence genes. In this work, we showed that a transcriptional regulator, GlnR, controls expression of critical listerial genes of nitrogen metabolism that are involved in ammonium uptake and biosynthesis of glutamine and glutamate. A different mode of GlnR-mediated regulation was found for each of these three pathways.
Life at the Frozen Limit: Microbial Carbon Metabolism Across a Late Pleistocene Permafrost Chronosequence.

Permafrost is an extreme habitat yet it hosts microbial populations that remain active over millennia. Using permafrost collected from a Pleistocene chronosequence (19 ka to 33 ka), we hypothesized that the functional genetic potential of microbial communities in permafrost would reflect microbial strategies to metabolize permafrost soluble organic matter (OM) in situ over geologic time. We also hypothesized that changes in the metagenome across the chronosequence would correlate with shifts in carbon chemistry, permafrost age, and paleoclimate at the time of permafrost formation. We combined high-resolution characterization of water-soluble OM by Fourier-transform ion-cyclotron-resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS), quantification of organic anions in permafrost water extracts, and metagenomic sequencing to better understand the relationships between the molecular-level composition of potentially bioavailable OM, the microbial community, and permafrost age. Both age and paleoclimate had marked effects on both the molecular composition of dissolved OM and the microbial community. The relative abundance of genes associated with hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis, carbohydrate active enzyme families, nominal oxidation state of carbon (NOSC), and number of identifiable molecular formulae significantly decreased with increasing age. In contrast, genes associated with fermentation of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), the concentration of SCFAs and ammonium all significantly increased with age. We present a conceptual model of microbial metabolism in permafrost based on fermentation of OM and the buildup of organic acids that helps to explain the unique chemistry of ancient permafrost soils. These findings imply long-term in situ microbial turnover of ancient permafrost OM and that this pooled biolabile OM could prime ancient permafrost soils for a larger and more rapid microbial response to thaw compared to younger permafrost soils.
Renal Transplantation in the Elderly

Renal transplantation is unquestionably the best treatment for end-stage renal failure. As compared to dialysis, transplantation offers significant advantages in terms of survival and quality of life. In addition, a kidney graft that functions for more than about a year saves the healthcare system a huge amount of money in dialysis costs and hospitalizations.
High-Intensity Interval Training versus Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training on Health Outcomes for Children and Adolescents: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is considered as an established risk factor for cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. However, the effectiveness of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) versus moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) in children and adolescents remained uncertain. Electronic databases of the PubMed, EmBase, and the Cochrane library were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigated the role of HIIT versus MICT for children and adolescents throughout December 2019. Sixteen RCTs involving a total of 543 children were selected for final meta-analysis. HIIT versus MICT showed high peak VO2 (weighted mean differences (WMD): 2.68; 95% confidence intervals (CIs): 1.81 to 3.55; ), and no evidence of heterogeneity and publication bias was detected. However, there were no significant differences detected between HIIT and MICT on the levels of peak heart rate (HRmax), fat mass, free fat mass, weight, body mass index, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, glycemia, insulinemia, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, triglycerides, HOMA-IR, HbA1c, and leptinemia. The findings of this study revealed that HIIT versus MICT showed a significant improvement in peak VO2 in children and adolescents. Further large-scale RCTs should be conducted to compare the long-term effects of HIIT versus MICT in children and adolescents.
Using Community Agencies and Volunteers in Case Management

Providing individual and group counseling for offenders is far from sufficient for good case management. Often the process of changing offending behavior requires accurately assessing offenders’ concrete, physical, here-and-now needs and knowing how to go about helping them to meet these needs. The correctional worker knows that more concrete help for the offender is often needed and knows where to find it. Attempting to move the offender toward a more responsible lifestyle is a difficult task that you need not bear alone. Case management consists of correctional workers indirectly delivering services by using networks of collaborative providers. Probation and parole agencies simply do not have the resources to provide for all the needs of the offenders. This chapter provides an overview of the types of community resource agencies available in most cities that correctional workers can use to aid in the rehabilitation process, including mental health centers, substance abuse centers, educational and vocational education, welfare agencies, victim-offender reconciliation programs, and volunteer officers. It also provides a list of national volunteer/nonprofit organizations for both offenders and victims, including descriptions and contact information for each.
A Targeted Approach to Evaluating the Golfing Athlete with Low Back Pain: A Resident's Case Report.

# Background and Purpose Low back pain is one of the most common conditions occurring in the golfing population. Many approaches have been utilized throughout the years to address this condition including the concept of regional interdependence. The purpose of this case report is to describe the evaluation process and treatment approach of a golfer with low back pain using the principles of regional interdependence. # Case Description A thirty-year-old male with right-sided low back pain was evaluated using a comprehensive approach including golf specific movement screening and a swing evaluation. The patient had mobility restrictions in his thoracic spine and hips that appeared to be contributing to a hypermobility in the lower lumbar spine. Based on the evaluation, he was placed into the treatment-based classification (TBC) of stabilization but would also benefit from mobilization/manipulation techniques. # Outcomes After seven visits over a four-week span, the patient’s mobility and core stability both improved and he was able to play golf and workout pain free. His outcome measures also improved, including the revised Oswestry Disability index from 26% disabled to 10%, the Fear Avoidance Behavior Questionnaire (FABQ) Work from 10/42 to 3/42, and the FABQ Physical Activity from 19/24 to 6/24. # Discussion Evaluating and developing a plan of care to address low back pain in an avid golfer can be challenging as a variety of demands are placed on the spine during the movement. This case report describes the evaluation process and treatment approach to specifically target the demands that are required during the golf swing. Utilizing a targeted approach that includes golf specific movement screening and a swing evaluation can help guide the therapist in their treatment and improve the patient’s outcome. # Level of Evidence Level 4
Cyber Range for Research-Inspired Learning of “Attack Defense by Pretense” Principle and Practice

There is an increasing trend in cloud adoption of enterprise applications in, for example, manufacturing, healthcare, and finance. Such applications are routinely subject to targeted cyberattacks, which result in significant loss of sensitive data (e.g., due to data exfiltration in advanced persistent threats) or valuable utilities (e.g., due to resource the exfiltration of power in cryptojacking). There is a critical need to train highly skilled cybersecurity professionals, who are capable of defending against such targeted attacks. In this article, we present the design, development, and evaluation of the Mizzou Cyber Range, an online platform to learn basic/advanced cyber defense concepts and perform training exercises to engender the next-generation cybersecurity workforce. Mizzou Cyber Range features flexibility, scalability, portability, and extendability in delivering cyberattack/defense learning modules to students. We detail our “research-inspired learning” and “learn–apply–create” three-phase pedagogy methodologies in the development of four learning modules that include laboratory exercises and self-study activities using realistic cloud-based application testbeds. The learning modules allow students to gain skills in using latest technologies (e.g., elastic capacity provisioning, software-defined everything infrastructure) to implement sophisticated “attack defense by pretense” techniques. Students can also use the learning modules to understand the attacker–defender game in order to create disincentives (i.e., pretense initiation) that make the attacker's tasks more difficult, costly, time consuming, and uncertain. Lastly, we show the benefits of our Mizzou Cyber Range through the evaluation of student learning using auto-grading, rank assessments with peer standing, and monitoring of students’ performance via feedback from prelab evaluation surveys and postlab technical assessments.
Heartbeat: sex-related inequities versus differences in management and outcomes of patients with cardiovascular disease.

Sex differences in clinical management and outcomes of patients with cardiovascular disease sometimes are due to healthcare inequities (which should be eliminated) but also might be due to sex-related differences in aetiology and pathophysiology. For example, the optimal medical dose for management of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) may be lower in women compared with men. In a study of 561 women and 615 men with a new diagnosis of either HRrEF or heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), Bots and colleagues1 found that although 79% of women and 86% of men with HFrEF were prescribed an ACE inhibitor (ACEI) or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB), the average dose was only about 50% of the recommended target dose for both sexes. A lower ACEI/ARB dose was associated with higher survival outcomes in women, but not men, with HFrEF. In patients of both sexes with HFpEF, there was no relationship between medication dose and survival (figure 1). Figure 1 Central figure summarising the design and main findings of this study. In the accompanying editorial, Hassan and Ahmed 2 comment that: ‘Sex differences in HF outcomes may be further exacerbated by differences in medication pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, with female-specific physiological factors including lower body mass, as well as …
Sequential Aggregation and Rematerialization: Distributed Full-batch Training of Graph Neural Networks on Large Graphs.

We present the Sequential Aggregation and Rematerialization (SAR) scheme for distributed full-batch training of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) on large graphs. Large-scale training of GNNs has recently been dominated by sampling-based methods and methods based on non-learnable message passing. SAR on the other hand is a distributed technique that can train any GNN type directly on an entire large graph. The key innovation in SAR is the distributed sequential rematerialization scheme which sequentially re-constructs then frees pieces of the prohibitively large GNN computational graph during the backward pass. This results in excellent memory scaling behavior where the memory consumption per worker goes down linearly with the number of workers, even for densely connected graphs. Using SAR, we report the largest applications of full-batch GNN training to-date, and demonstrate large memory savings as the number of workers increases. We also present a general technique based on kernel fusion and attention-matrix rematerialization to optimize both the runtime and memory efficiency of attention-based models. We show that, coupled with SAR, our optimized attention kernels lead to significant speedups and memory savings in attention-based GNNs.
Variation in the FABP2 promoter alters transcriptional activity and is associated with body composition and plasma lipid levels

The fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) are cytoplasmic proteins involved in intracellular fatty acid transport and metabolism. FABP2, the intestinal-type FABP, is expressed exclusively in enterocytes in the small intestine. In previous studies of an Ala54Thr substitution in FABP2, the Thr-allele showed association with increased lipid oxidation, elevated plasma lipids, and impaired insulin sensitivity. We screened roughly 1 kb 5' of the FABP2 initiation codon and identified three insertion/deletion polymorphisms and four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Three of the SNPs were in complete linkage disequilibrium with the three insertion/deletion polymorphisms, defining exactly two haplotypes (FABP2p-ID). We tested the hypothesis that this variation alters gene expression by transfecting Caco-2 cells with pGL3-Basic constructs containing opposite FABP2p-ID haplotypes. Luciferase assays showed a statistically significant two-fold increase in gene expression of the pGL3-insertion construct over the pGL3-deletion construct (P<0.001; n=5). We also tested for association between three FABP2 variants and measurements of body composition, plasma lipids, and insulin sensitivity in non-diabetic control subjects from the San Luis Valley Diabetes Study (n=714). The only informative variant, FABP2p-ID, was statistically significantly associated with body mass index (P=0.042) and marginally associated with fat mass (P=0.084), cholesterol (P=0.066), and HOMA IR (a derived measure of insulin resistance; P=0.062) in the entire cohort. Similar associations were seen only in non-Hispanics when the analysis was stratified by ethnicity. Within the non-Hispanic subgroup, the effects of FABP2p-ID on plasma lipids were sex-specific. These results suggest that genetic variation in the 5' region of FABP2 affects transcriptional activity, presumably leading to alterations in body composition and lipid processing.
A generalized porosity formalism for isotropic and anisotropic effective opacity and its effects on X-ray line attenuation in clumped O star winds

We present a generalized formalism for treating the porosity-associated reduction in continuum opacity that occurs when individual clumps in a stochastic medium become optically thick. As in previous work, we concentrate on developing bridging laws between the limits of optically thin and thick clumps. We consider geometries resulting in either isotropic or anisotropic effective opacity, and, in addition to an idealized model in which all clumps have the same local overdensity and scale, we also treat an ensemble of clumps with optical depths set by Markovian statistics. This formalism is then applied to the specific case of bound–free absorption of X-rays in hot star winds, a process not directly affected by clumping in the optically thin limit. We find that the Markov model gives surprisingly similar results to those found previously for the single-clump model, suggesting that porous opacity is not very sensitive to details of the assumed clump distribution function. Further, an anisotropic effective opacity favours escape of X-rays emitted in the tangential direction (the ‘venetian blind’ effect), resulting in a ‘bump’ of higher flux close to line centre as compared to profiles computed from isotropic porosity models. We demonstrate how this characteristic line shape may be used to diagnose the clump geometry, and we confirm previous results that for optically thick clumping to significantly influence X-ray line profiles, very large porosity lengths, defined as the mean free path between clumps, are required. Moreover, we present the first X-ray line profiles computed directly from line-driven instability simulations using a 3D patch method, and find that porosity effects from such models also are very small. This further supports the view that porosity has, at most, a marginal effect on X-ray line diagnostics in O stars, and therefore that these diagnostics do indeed provide a good ‘clumping insensitive’ method for deriving O star mass-loss rates.
Poliovirus-induced Cellular Injury

Abstract Protein leakage was used as a quantitative measure of poliovirus-induced cellular injury under suspended cell culture conditions. The requirements for protein leakage were studied in detail and it was established that events early in the infectious cycle which depend upon viral protein synthesis were responsible for cell damage. Extralysosomal β-glucuronidase appeared in infected cells before the onset of protein leakage and release of newly synthesized virus. Hydrocortisone treatment of infected cells resulted in only a slight delay in the release of β-glucuronidase from lysosomes and protein and virus from cells. These results suggest that events associated with poliovirus synthesis trigger the release of lysosomal hydrolases which in turn injure the plasma membrane, allowing cytoplasmic proteins and virus to leak out of the cell.
Alterations in an IRE1-RNA complex in the mammalian unfolded protein response.

IRE1 proteins mediate cellular responses to accumulation of malfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum in the yeast and mammalian unfolded protein responses. A sensitive in vivo u.v. crosslinking assay showed that IRE1 proteins are intimately associated with RNA in mammalian cells. The IRE1-associated RNA fragments recovered by this assay were different in stressed and unstressed cells. The amount of RNA associated with IRE1 that could be revealed by end-labeling with T4 kinase was greater in IRE1-containing complexes isolated from stressed cells. Furthermore, the RNA fragments recovered from complexes found in stressed cells were shorter than those from unstressed cells, revealing a dynamic change in the IRE1-RNA complex during the UPR. Formation of the complex between IRE1 and RNA was dependent on both the kinase and endonuclease domains of IRE1, and involved pre-existing RNA species. When viewed in the context of the known importance of Ire1p-HAC1 mRNA interactions to the yeast unfolded protein response, these findings suggest that full-length mammalian IRE1s also engage RNA molecules as downstream effectors.
INDO-MO study of γ-CH formyl-proton couplings in aliphatic α-formyloxy radicals

Abstract In aqueous solution at approximately 25°C, simple aliphatic formate radicals of general formula ·C(X 1 )(X 2 )OCHO, where an (X-) group is an H- or a substituent such as CH 3 -, generally display γ-CH formyl-proton couplings. The size of these couplings depends on the identity of the (X-) groups. An earlier, detailed INDO-MO-SCF investigation of the radical ·CH 2 OCHO carried out by considering all conceivable bond rotations suggested a simple interpretation of this dependence, namely, that it followed from the likelihood that substituents at C α would influence the conformational preferences and these would determine the formyl-proton coupling according to the W -plan rule. As a continuation of this earlier work, the present paper reports the results of a comprehensive INDO-MO-SCF study of the α-formyloxy radicals ·CH(CH 3 )OCHO, ·CH(CH 2 CH 3 )OCHO, ·CH(CH(CH 3 ) 2 )OCHO, and ·C(CH 3 ) 2 OCHO. We found the only bond rotations which appreciably affected the γ-CH formyl-proton coupling in these species to be those about C α O β and O β C γ . The other results of the present calculations confirm the tentative conclusions of the earlier study about the origin of the dependence of the formyl-proton couplings on the nature of the substituents at C α . Furthermore, by examining the INDO data in comparison with the experimentally observed formyl-proton couplings, we have been able to assign preferred radical conformations for all members of the ·C(X 1 )(X 2 )OCHO series, in general agreement with the known conformational preferences of the parent formate molecules, HC(X 1 )(X 2 )OCHO.
Interactively building agents for consumer-side data mining

Integrating and mining data from different web sources can make end-users well-informed when they make decisions. One of many limitations that bars end-users from taking advantages of such process is the complexity in each of the steps required to gather, integrate, monitor, and mine data from different websites. We present the idea of combining the data integration, monitoring, and mining as one single process in the form of an intelligent assistant that guides end-users to specify their mining tasks by just answering questions. This easy-to-use approach, which trades off complexity in terms of available operations with the ease of use, has the ability to provide interesting insight into the data that would requires days of human effort to gather, combine, and mine manually from the web.
Acoustic input impedance of the stapes and cochlea in human temporal bones.

Abstract The acoustic input impedance of the stapes and cochlea Z SC represents the mechanical load driven by the tympanic membrane, malleus and incus. Z SC was calculated from broad-band measurements (20 Hz to 11 kHz) of stapes displacement made with an optical motion sensor and of sound pressure at the stapes head in a human temporal-bone preparation. Measurements were made in 12 fresh temporal bones with the round window insulated from the sound stimulus. Below 1 kHz, the magnitude of Z SC was approximately inversely proportional to frequency, and Z SC angle was between −0.10 and −0.20 periods. This behavior is consistent with a mixed stiffness and resistance. Between 1 and 4 kHz, Z SC was resistance-dominated with a magnitude between 40 and 100 mks acoustic GΩ that was roughly independent of frequency, and its angle was between −0.12 and 0 periods. Between 4 and 7 kHz, the magnitude of Z SC was either constant or increased with frequency while Z SC angle was near 0. Between 7 and 8 kHz, both Z SC magnitude and angle decreased sharply with frequency, and both increased somewhat at higher frequencies. The input impedance of the cochlea Z C was estimated in one ear from Z SC measurements made before and after draining the inner ear fluids. Z C was stiffness-dominated below 100 Hz, and resistance-dominated from 100 Hz to 5 kHz. The frequency-dependent magnitude of Z SC in our bones is similar to those reported by other investigators in cadaver temporal bones (Nakamura et al., 1992; Kurokawa and Goode, 1995). Our Z SC measurements are qualitatively similar to theoretical predictions (Zwislocki, 1962; Kringlebotn, 1988), but are a factor of 3 greater in magnitude, implying that Z SC may be more resistive and stiffer than previously thought. We found inter-ear variations of a factor of 4 (12 dB), which may explain some of the clinically observed variations in size of the air-bone gap in individuals with middle ear lesions or after middle-ear reconstructive surgery.
Strain bursts in the cyclic creep of copper single crystals at ambient temperature

Abstract In order to understand the mechanism of strain bursts previously observed in polycrystalline metal tested in cyclic creep, studies have been carried out on single crystals, variously oriented. Regular stage I and stage II creep were observed under pulsating tension and a saturated hysteresis loop developed during stage II creep. For stresses above a threshold of 35 MPa in maximum stress, strain bursts occurred frequently in the single crystals. The bursts proceeded through the crystals in the manner of Luders bands. Studies of the dislocation structure by TEM showed the bursts to be accompanied by very large increases in secondary dislocation densities and by the formation of cell structures. The strain bursts are interpreted by cyclic latent softening and dislocation avalanches originating from secondary-rich dislocation clusters. Cyclic creep acceleration is interpreted as a gentler and more widely-pervading form of strain bursts.
A mean field theory for the swelling of a gaussian polyion

The effect of electrostatic forces among the ionized units on the structure of a polyion is studied using a simplified mean-field model that represents the polymer as a swollen Gaussian coil. Screened Coulombic interactions are approximated by the pairwise additive Yukawa potential. The swelling parameter is estimated in a variational procedure analogous to Flory's theory for neutral polymers. The analytic solution to the variational problem is given. The method is shown to provide a fair description of the polyion configuration at lower ionization or in the presence of moderate concentrations of simple salt in the solution.
Lysine and Protein Requirements of Growing Turkeys

Abstract A study was conducted with 1,751 Large White turkeys divided into 36 pens of males and 36 pens of females between 8 and 24 or 20 weeks of age, respectively, to determine the requirements of protein and lysine for turkeys. Diets were composed of ground yellow corn, dehulled soybean meal, 6% stabilized fat, 4% meat and bone meal, .4% methionine, minerals, and vitamins. A 3 × 3 factorial design of nine diets varying in protein (18, 21, and 24%) and added lysine (0, .1, and .2%) was used between 8 and 12 weeks of age. Birds were reassigned to new balanced pens at the end of each 4-week period, and protein levels were reduced by 3.0%. The addition of 3 and 6% protein, which provides .22 and .44% lysine, to diets of turkeys between 8 and 20 weeks of age increased body weight gains 18.3 and 24.7%, respectively, in contrast to an increase of only 2.2 and 3.6% from .1 and .2% added L-lysine per se. The minimum protein requirements of Large White male turkeys at 10, 14, and 18 weeks of age are 21.3, 19.5, and 17.6% and for female turkeys 21.7, 18.4, and 15.0%, respectively. The minimum lysine requirements of Large White turkeys to 12, 16, and 20 weeks of age are about 1.4, 1.2, and .9%, respectively, or 4.5, 3.7, and 3.0 g/kcal metabolizable energy. Another amino acid appears to be equally or more deficient than lysine in diets used in this study.
A method for solving the general parametric linear complementarity problem

This paper presents a solution method for the general (mixed integer) parametric linear complementarity problem pLCP(q(θ),M), where the matrix M has a general structure and integrality restriction can be enforced on the solution. Based on the equivalence between the linear complementarity problem and mixed integer feasibility problem, we propose a mixed integer programming formulation with an objective of finding the minimum 1-norm solution for the original linear complementarity problem. The parametric linear complementarity problem is then formulated as multiparametric mixed integer programming problem, which is solved using a multiparametric programming algorithm. The proposed method is illustrated through a number of examples.
Z(2) symmetry breaking thermal perturbations of the k = 1 SU(2) WZW model: The Two-dimensional spin 1/2 Gibbs/Band-Park model

Abstract A family of actions, parameterized by inverse temperature (− ∞ ⩽ β ⩽ ∞), is explicated. For β = 0, an action for the k = 1 SU(2) WZW model is obtained. The family is based on the two-dimensional analogue of the (zero-dimensional) spin - 1 2 Gibbs/Band-Park model of thermodynamic equilibrium. This recently introduced model relies upon the reparametrization-invariant prior probability distribution, 3003(1 −〈z〉 2 ) 6 2048 , for the expected outcome (〈z〉) of the measurement of the z-component(−1⩽z⩽1) of a spin - 1 2 particle. The field-theoretic implications of this distribution are investigated here in a preliminary fashion. The approach taken is suggestive of more elaborate models based on spin -j (j= 1 2 , 1, 3 2 …) measurements in one or more directions. It would appear noteworthy that the prior probabbility advanced is associated with a potential 6 In (1−φ2), while a similar potential, tr 1n (1−M2), is employed in the quenched c = 1 critical matrix model of Qui and Rey, a variant of the Penner-Distler-Vafa model, proposed as a c=1 quantum gravity.
Abstract P2-11-12: Validation of modified Magee equations for predicting the oncotype DX recurrence score: A cost-effective alternative for estimating the risk of distant recurrence in receptor positive/node negative breast cancer patients

INTRODUCTION: Onco type DX (ODX) (Genomic Health, Redwood City, CA, USA) is a multigene quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction-based assay used to estimate the risk of distant recurrence for ER-positive, node negative-breast cancer patients. The quoted list price for ODX is $4.175.00. ODX reports a recurrence score (RS) that is divided into low ( MATERIALS AND METHODS: 233 cases (2009-present) with available ODX RS9s (208 of these with Ki-67 results) were obtained from the pathology files at the University of Rochester Medical Center (URMC), and the histopathologic variables were extracted from the reports. Estimated RS9s (URMC RS) were calculated by averaging results from the three published Magee equations, with a modification of the H-score for ER and PR. We estimated the H-score by multiplying the average intensity of staining by the% positive tumor cells. URMC RS9s were compared with their paired ODX RS’s. RESULTS: The table shows the correlation between the ODX RS and URMC RS. 100% of cases with a high URMC RS also had a high ODX RS. There were no two step discordant results between a URMC RS and an ODX RS. A URMC RS correlated with an ODX RS of high, intermediate, and low in 7/12 (58%), 48/79 (61%) and 97/117 (83%) cases, respectively. Most of the discordant cases involved the intermediate/low groups, and the higher RS9s in the discordant pairs were consistently close to the lower end cutoff point.The URMC RS and ODX RS would have resulted in similar treatment in 100% of patients. CONCLUSION: The modified Magee equations provide similar information as the ODX RS using information already generated by many laboratories, and may be a more cost-effective alternative than ODX in identifying breast cancer patients who might benefit from chemotherapy, or be spared its potential toxicity. If the estimated RS is clearly high or low, it is predictive of the ODX RS with a high degree of certainty. In our population a potential cost of $556,875.00 might have been avoided using the estimated RS. The estimated RS should not be dramatically different from the ODX RS. If there is a significant difference, this should be thoroughly investigated before decisions on adjuvant therapy are made. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P2-11-12.
Asymmetric tonsillar enlargement and obstructive sleep apnea.

Craniofacial skeletal features and pharyngeal soft tissues such as the lateral pharyngeal wall and symmetrical tonsillar enlargement reduce the diameter of the upper airway, thereby increasing the risk for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) [1,2]. While assessment of medical history and risk factors may clearly provide a diagnosis of OSA, asymmetrical enlargement or hypertrophy, especially of the tonsils can be indicative of other etiologies, and should alert the physician for further work-up. A 61-year-old obese male patient with a history of hypertension and alcohol abuse presented with snoring, witnessed apneas, gasping and choking episodes for the last few years, and he complained of a sore throat for
Raman scattering measurements of molecular hydrogen in a low-density, arc-heated plasma

Raman scattering measurements of molecular hydrogen density and temperature were made in a low-density, arc-heated plasma flow. Pulsed-laser excitation was used to improve the signal-to-noise ratio in this high-background environment. Quantum-limited detection was achieved through the use of gated photon counting and a high-power Nd:YAG laser. Radial profiles of rotational temperature and density at the exit plane were measured for five power levels. In all cases the profiles were asymmetric about the centerline. The rotational temperatures were compared with the translational temperatures of atomic hydrogen from LIF studies and found to be slightly lower. This result suggests that this flow, like the cold flow, is not in translational–rotational equilibrium.
Electrostatics of membrane systems—II Fixed charge and dipole planar surfaces of finite dimensions

Abstract Dipole (polar) end groups in surface films, representative of biological membranes and surfaces, have been neglected in surface chemical calculations. It is shown by a non-statistical analysis of the electric field from fixed dipole and charge distributions on an axis of symmetry, that dipole effects can be significant when compared to fixed charges.
Spectra of mercury in inert solids

Abstract The absorption spectra of mercury in argon, krypton, xenon, and nitrogen were obtained for deposit temperatures from 4–20°K. The spectra exhibit multiple structure for argon, krypton, and xenon hosts but only a narrow band and a broad band for nitrogen as a host. These results can be explained by assuming the existence of relatively isolated mercury atoms in the host and interacting pairs of mercury atoms trapped at nonneighboring sites in the host.
Efficient planar embedding of trees for VLSI layouts

The use of planar polygonal partitioning schemes for planar embedding of tree structures is examined. Two layout designs based on recursive square and triangular decompositions are described for trees having branching factors of k2 and k2−1, where k is an integer. The former design allocates the same amount of area to nodes at all levels and requires a total area linear in the number N of nodes in the tree. The latter design assigns increasing area to nodes closer to the root and requires a total area of O[N(k2/(k2−1))logN]. The longest interconnection has a length of O ( Area ( N ) ) in each case.
Continuous Metabolic Syndrome Risk Score, Body Mass Index Percentile, and Leisure Time Physical Activity in American Children

The objective of this study was to determine independent and joint association of body mass index (BMI) percentile and leisure time physical activity (LTPA) with continuous metabolic syndrome (cMetS) risk score in 12- to 17-year-old American children. The 2003 to 2004 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data were used for this investigation. LTPA was determined by self-report. cMetS risk score was calculated using standardized residuals of arterial blood pressure, triglycerides, glucose, waist circumference, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to evaluate association of BMI percentile and LTPA with cMetS risk score, adjusting for confounders. Increased BMI percentile and LTPA were each associated with increased and decreased cMetS risk score, respectively ((P<.01). There was a gradient of increasing cMetS risk score by BMI percentile cutpoints, from healthy weight (-0.77) to overweight (3.43) and obesity (6.40) ((P<.05). A gradient of decreasing cMetS risk score from sedentary (0.88) to moderate (0.17) and vigorous (-0.42) LTPA levels was also observed (P<.01). The result of this study suggests that promoting LTPA at all levels of weight status may help to reverse the increasing trends of metabolic syndrome in US children.
The prevention of prenatal alcohol use: a critical analysis of intervention studies

Alcohol is a major cause of birth defects and mental retardation in the U.S. The yearly cost to care for those affected has been estimated to be over $300 million. Prenatal education and counseling have been advocated as techniques to reduce alcohol use in pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to critically review investigations that used these methods in order to determine their effectiveness. Reports of relevant studies were found by searching Medline, the ETOH database and bibliographies of primary sources. Only five studies were identified that met predetermined selection criteria. As judged by usual methodologic standards for intervention programs, only one was of acceptable quality. None employed a randomized design, and only two compared the treatment group to a control group. Both these studies found no difference in alcohol use between control and intervention groups. An ethical argument was used by several authors to justify performing inadequately controlled studies. Since no intervention ha...
Scaling form of zero-field-cooled and field-cooled susceptibility in superparamagnet

Abstract The scaling form of the normalized ZFC and FC susceptibility of superparamagnets (SPMs) is presented as a function of the normalized temperature y ( = k B T / K u 〈 V 〉 ) , normalized magnetic field h (= H / H K ), and the width σ of the log-normal distribution of the volumes of nanoparticles, based on the superparamagnetic blocking model with no interaction between the nanoparticles. Here 〈 V 〉 is the average volume, K u is the anisotropy energy, and H K is the anisotropy field. Main features of the experimental results reported in many SPMs can be well explained in terms of the present model. The normalized FC susceptibility monotonically increases as the normalized temperature y decreases. The normalized ZFC susceptibility exhibits a peak at the normalized blocking temperature y b ( = k B T b / K u 〈 V 〉 ) , forming the y b vs h diagram. For large σ ( σ > 0.4 ) , y b starts to increase with increasing h , showing a peak at h = h b , and decreases with further increasing h . The maximum of y b at h = h b is due to the nonlinearity of the Langevin function. For small σ , y b monotonically decreases with increasing h . The derivative of the normalized FC magnetization with respect to h shows a peak at h =0 for small y . This is closely related to the pinched form of M FC vs H curve around H =0 observed in SPMs.
Palladium (O) mediated β-carboline synthesis: Preparation of the CDE ring system of lavendamycin

Abstract A five-step approach to the preparation of the β-carboline CDE ring system of lavendamycin is detailed and is based on: (1) thermal cycloaddition of 3,5,6-tricarbomethoxy-1,2,4-triazine with the pyrrolidine enamine of o-bromopropiophenone followed by (2) implementation of a newly developed palladium (O) mediated β-carboline synthesis.
EFFECT OF FREEZING RATE AND FREEZE DRYING ON THE SOLUBLE PROTEINS OF MUSCLE. 1. Chicken Muscle

SUMMARY Freezing treatment, immersion in liquid nitrogen and air freezing at −100°C had a significant influence on the soluble proteins of frozen and freeze-dried chicken muscle. Greater protein solubility occurred in muscle frozen at −10°C than in muscle frozen by immersion in liquid nitrogen. This was observed in both raw and cooked muscle tissue. The effect of freeze-drying on protein solubility was not the same for raw and cooked muscle. Total protein solubility increased when cooked muscle was freeze dried. There was no protein solubility difference between frozen and freeze-dried raw muscle.
Black-Footed Ferret (Mustela nigripes) Behavioral Development: Aboveground Activity and juvenile Play

We studied the behavioral development of black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes) from 6 to 16 post-natal weeks. At 6 weeks of age, kits are still lactating and depend on their mother for survival, while at 16 weeks, ferret young start achieving independence from their mother and littermates. Behavioral observations were obtained by placing videomonitors in the litters’ cages, nest boxes and in outdoor naturalistic enclosures. Captive-raised black-footed ferrets displayed nocturnal activity patterns, although they tended to appear aboveground at certain daytime hours presumably influenced by the established feeding and cleaning regimes. Growing ferrets began emerging aboveground at approximately 7 post-natal weeks and diel activity steadily increased as kits matured. The most manifest behavioral changes (appearance of new motor patterns, increase in aboveground play and in neck-biting behaviors) occurred from post-natal week 8 to week 12. This coincides with the period of maximum growth for ferrets and with a sensitive phase for the development of food preferences in this species. Changes from the 12 to the 16 post-natal weeks involved an increase in aboveground activity, including a higher frequency of scent-marking behaviors. Information provided in this study has important implications for enhancing the captive management of this endangered carnivore.
Leptomeningeal dissemination of anaplastic glioma: prolonged survival in two patients treated with temozolomide.

Leptomeningeal disease (LMD) occurs when tumor cells access the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pathways, travel to distant sites, settle and grow. The diagnosis depends upon clinical presentation, with confirmation through neuroimaging or CSF cytology. Findings consistent with LMD include contrast enhancement of the leptomeninges, subependyma, cranial and spinal nerves, and communicating hydrocephalus. Unfortunately, cytology—the diagnostic gold standard—may be negative even when disease is present. Recently, symptomatic LMD was reported in 8% of glioma patients, none of whom had positive cytology [1]. Increased LMD incidence may result from longer survivals and neuroimaging improvements. In gliomatous LMD, no established chemotherapy regimen exists, although general treatment guidelines include intrathecal chemotherapy with methotrexate, thiotepa and cytarabine. Temozolomide (TMZ) is an alkylating agent with good brain penetration and low toxicity, with a CSF:plasma drug ratio of 0.20 [2]. It is the standard of care in parenchymal gliomas, but little published experience exists for LMD. We report two anaplastic glioma patients enjoying durable responses of LMD to Temozolomide.
L-Methionine-DL-sulfoximine induces massive efflux of glutamine from cortical astrocytes in primary culture

Abstract L-Methionine-DL-sulfoximine (MSO) is a potent convulsant which metabolically and morphologogically primarily affects astroglia, and the links between the gliotoxic and neurophysiological effects of MSO are not clear. A 5 min treatment with 3 mM MSO increased the rate of efflux of newly loaded radiolabelled glutamine (Gln) from rat cortical astrocytes in primary culture to more than 400% of the basal efflux. MSO did not affect the efflux of the neurotransmitter amino acids GABA or D-aspartate (a non-metabolizable analogue of L-glutamate), under the same experimental conditions. MSO-induced overflow with Gln, which according to a recent account strongly interacts with the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor complex, may contribute to the convulsive action of the drug.