cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lysyl oxidase: Properties, regulation and multiple functions in biology

Lysyl oxidase (LO) is a copper-dependent amine oxidase that plays a critical role in the biogenesis of connective tissue matrices by crosslinking the extracellular matrix proteins, collagen and elastin. Levels of LO increase in many fibrotic diseases, while expression of the enzyme is decreased in certain diseases involving impaired copper metabolism. While the three-dimensional structure of the enzyme is not yet available, many of its physical-chemical properties, its novel carbonyl cofactor, and its catalytic mechanism have been described. Lysyl oxidase is synthesized as a preproprotein, secreted as a 50 kDa, N-glycosylated proenzyme and then proteolytically cleaved to the 32 kDa, catalytically active, mature enzyme. Within the past decade, the gene encoding LO has been cloned, facilitating investigations of the regulation of expression of the enzyme in response to diverse stimuli and in numerous disease states. Transforming growth factor-beta, platelet-derived growth factor, angiotensin II, retinoic acid, fibroblast growth factor, altered serum conditions, and shear stress are among the effectors or conditions that regulate LO expression. New, LO-like genes have also been identified and cloned, suggesting the existence of a multigene family. It has also become increasingly evident that LO may have other important biological functions in addition to its role in the crosslinking of elastin and collagen in the extracellular matrix.
Endoscopic management of bladder calculi following augmentation cystoplasty.

Abstract Objectives. We sought to evaluate the effectiveness and utility of an endoscopic approach to calculi that develop in the bladders of children following augmentation cystoplasty. In addition, we aimed to determine the indications for open vesicolithotomy. Methods. We reviewed our experience between 1981 and 1993 with 26 children who formed bladder calculi following augmentation cystoplasty. Data were retrieved retrospectively with respect to management approach and outcome. Results. Nineteen cases were managed cystoscopically using simple extraction and/orelectrohydraulic lithotripsy; 3 cases required open vesicolithotomy and four calculi passed spontaneously. Complete stone extraction was achieved after a single endoscopic treatment in every case approached in this fashion. Every patient resumed preoperative voiding patterns and there were no infections, strictures, or other complications. Calculi reformed in 4 patients and were successfully managed endoscopically. Conclusions. An endoscopic approach to bladder calculi is a safe and effective methodof managing this increasingly prevalent problem in children following augmentation cystoplasty even in the presence of a reconstructed bladder neck. Open vesicolithotomy should be reserved for the very large stone burden.
Effects of anatomy and environment on the relative preservability of asteroids; a biomechanical comparison

Echinoderms are relatively fragile and highly variable in terms of post-mortem durability. Different styles or rates of decay among different species of asteroids are likely to depend upon the amount and arrangement of soft tissues which link the ossicles within the body wall. This study examines the mechanical behavior of the aboral integument of Solaster stimpsoni and Pisaster ochraceus after intervals of decay as an indicator of their relative preservability and post-mortem strength. Tissue samples were allowed to decay at 14°C in running seawater or buried in fine wet sediment. The maximum force required to break samples of Solaster decreases significantly over a period of nine days, at which time complete decay of the body wall occurs. Pisaster samples tend to stretch without breaking
Coherent phase diagrams

Phase equilibria in coherent solids differ significantly from equilibria in fluids or incoherent solids. Gibbs' phase rule usually does not apply, the field lines on a phase diagram do not coincide with the equilibrium phase compositions, phase compositions in a two-phase field depend on the bulk alloy composition and, for a given set of imposed thermodynamic variables, several equilibrium states may exist.
Lateral Continuity of Facies and Parasequences in Middle Cambrian Platform Carbonates, Carrara Formation, Southeastern California, U.S.A.

ABSTRACT Lateral and vertical changes within a 40-m-thick interval of peritidal carbonates (Middle Cambrian Jangle Limestone Member, Carrara Formation, SE California) produce a mosaic pattern of laterally continuous and discontinuous facies, shallowing-upward cycles 2-20 m thick (parasequences), and surfaces bounding parasequences. This mosaic pattern was traced, bed by bed, across 1.8 km of continuously exposed outcrop, and then correlated to sections in nearby ranges. Within parasequences, contacts between successive subtidal facies tend to be sharp but may pass laterally into gradational contacts. Most subtidal facies extend laterally for less than 300 m, passing gradationally (over tens of centimeters to meters) into other, laterally adjacent subtidal facies. Lateral facies contacts between subtidal nodular ribbon rock and intertidal fenestral limestone are gradual over a few meters, whereas contacts between vertically juxtaposed facies generally are sharp. Parasequence boundaries generally are sharp and locally show several tens of centimeters of erosional relief over lateral distances of several meters. Most parasequences and their bounding surfaces extend for the 1.8 km of outcrop studied and correlate to nearby ranges with varying degrees of confidence. Several parasequences, however, do not extend laterally for more than a few hundred meters and are not distinguishable in a vertical profile from those that extend laterally for tens of kilometers. The stratigraphic relationships at Eagle Mountain (southeastern California) support a model in which the lateral continuity of parasequence surfaces is principally determined by accommodation variations, and the lateral continuity of facies is most strongly influenced by the intrinsic dynamics of spatially and temporally heterogeneous sediment production. The presence of parasequence boundaries of highly variable lateral extent suggests that the magnitude of accommodation variations was comparatively small, consistent with the independent evidence for passive-margin subsidence and transitional greenhouse conditions for the Middle Cambrian.
Design considerations and experimental analysis of high-voltage SiC Schottky barrier rectifiers

Practical design of high-voltage SiC Schottky rectifiers requires an understanding of the device physics that affect the key performance parameters. Forward characteristics of SiC Schottky rectifiers follow thermionic emission theory and are relatively well understood. However, the reverse characteristics are not well understood and have not been experimentally investigated in-depth. In this paper we report the analysis and experimental results of both the forward and reverse characteristics of high-voltage SiC Schottky rectifiers. Ti and Ni Schottky rectifiers with boron implant edge termination were fabricated on n-type 4H SiC samples. Ni Schottky rectifiers fabricated on a 13-/spl mu/m thick 3.5/spl times/10/sup 15/ cm/sup -3/ epilayer have a current density of 100 A/cm/sup 2/ at approximately 2 V forward bias and a reverse leakage current density of less than 0.1 A/cm/sup 2/ at a reverse bias of 1720 V. The reverse leakage current is observed to depend on device area, Schottky barrier height, electric field at the metal-semiconductor interface, and temperature (a decreasing temperature dependence with increasing reverse bias). In addition. the reverse leakage current magnitude is larger and the electric field dependence is stronger than predicted by thermionic emission and image-force barrier height lowering. This suggests the reverse leakage current is due to a combination of thermionic field emission and field emission.
High-Performance Classrooms for Women? Applying a Relational Frame to Management/Organizational Behavior Courses:

Recent empirical research has identified characteristics of high-performing organizations. In particular, these organizations pay close attention to the human resources practices and interpersonal dimensions of their cultures. Relational theory, developed based on women’s development, embraces dimensions associated with high-performing organizations. Attributes of relational practice include preventive connecting, mutual empowering, achieving, and creating team. The present article discusses the extent to which relational practice has applications in the management/
Elements of Dynamics V: Resiliency and the Narrative

Although clinicians and researchers are increasingly interested in under- standing mental health, the systematic study of resiliency presents unique problems. Constructs of mental health have been used in epidemiologic, population-based stud- ies of wellness. Sociability, self-efficacy, and a sense of meaning appear to be com- mon attributes of resilient people. These attributes seem to benefit individuals over time and despite hardships. Yet research that identifies particularly resilient cohorts may have limited generalizability. Furthermore, constructs of mental health may not capture the variety and dynamism of adaptive coping. Person-centered research meth- ods such as psychoanalytic case studies and ethnographies can supplement popula- tion-based studies of resiliency with valuable context and detail. Examples are given of narrative-based studies of resiliency. To theorize and to practice, mental health professionals rely on highly de- tailed descriptions of psychic distress. Equipped with specific pharmacothera- pies and DSM criteria lists, we interpret patient complaints within a frame- work that prioritizes problems: symptoms, poor functioning, and recurrent dysfunctional patterns. Perhaps this explains why George Vaillant (2003) re- cently urged practitioners to pay as much attention to health as to disease. Vaillant implies that detailed concepts of health can balance out our elaborate categories of pathology. The piece that follows explores how empirical and narrative-based research can reinvigorate clinicians' interest in markers of mental health. Clinicians do gauge and value their patients' assets. Lasting relationships, periods of sobriety, and creative outlets round out symptom-related data in most clinical evaluations. For instance, medical students learn to ask when the patient last felt well. Psychotherapists manage difficult countertransfer-
Simulation of Fatigue Failure of Rail Joint Bolts by FEA

It is well known that the fatigue failure of bolts can affect the performance of rail joint and the safety of train running. In this work, the influence of the bolt torque and radius of rounded root of rail bolt on the fatigue strength of the rail bolt are studied by Finite Element Contact Analysis method. And the influence effects of the wheel impact and temperature force of the rail caused by temperature changed on bolt failure are studied. The results indicate that properly torque and increasing the radius of rounded root rail bolt can reduce the stress concentration at the root of rail bolt and this will improves the fatigue strength and the working life of the rail bolt and rail joint. The repeated temperature force of the rail and wheel impact force are playing an important role in the influencing factors on fatigue failure of the rail joint bolts. Due to this, the two bolts near the rail joints will to be fatigue failure almost earlier than others. That is one of the reasons why the bolts should be preloaded or replaced regularly. The Analysis of Bolt with Finite Element Method Finite Element Model of the Bolt. The finite element models of the rail joint bolts are established. According to the national standards, the material of the bolts is 20MnTiB whose Young's modulus is 210 Gpa, Poisson's ratio is 0.28 � yield strength is 940Mpa and tensile strength is1040Mpa. The geometry dimension of the bolt as follows: the length of bolt bar is 135mm, the nominal diameter with screw thread is 24mm, but 22.051mm without screw thread, the thread pitch is 3mm, the screwing length is 24mm. A computation model was put forward for these bolts (3). The load distribution along the thread profile will not be influenced by the lead angle which is smaller 0
Speech coding and speech recognition technologies: a review

The authors provide an overview of the recent developments in the area of speech processing and in particular in the fields of speech coding and speech recognition. The speech coding review covers DPCM (differential pulse code modulation) coders, model-based vocoders, waveform coders, and hybrid coders. The hybrid coders are described in some detail since they are the subject of current research. The present treatment of speech recognition techniques concentrates on the methodologies for voice recognition and the progress made in speaker-independent recognition. Efforts towards commercial deployment of this technology are also briefly described. >
Statistics Lessons from the Study of Mate Selection.

DYASIM is a FORTRAN program that performs various statistical computations that assess the degree of similarity of dyadic data. In this article, we describe the demonstration of DYASIM in classroom settings to illustrate the specific conceptual difficulties associated with measuring dyadic similarity. Presented within the context of the similarity-complementarity debate pertaining to mate selection, the demonstration shows the relevance of abstract statistical concepts to a problem that is important in the lives of most students.
Coporate IT skill needs: a case study of BigCo.

This paper reports on a case study of the IT skills and needs at one site. The data is organized by assessing the members of BigCo's Corporate IT group regarding their present IT skill levels and the perception of skill needs both now and three years in the future. This work relies on a categorization drawn from both academic and professional literature regarding skill needs for IT professionals. In doing this work we draw on surveys, interviews, focus groups and archival documents to build a rich and detailed perspective on skill needs for the IT professionals at BigCo's Corporate IT group. Findings show that there is an implicit set of conceptual IT skills that IT professionals are expected to have. Further, the non-IT skill needs are presently very important and are expected to become even more important. Finally, there are important department-level, experience, and gender variations in the responses suggesting that IT roles are growing both more numerous and more specialized.
Target tracking using DMLC for volumetric modulated arc therapy: a simulation study.

Purpose: Target tracking using dynamic multileaf collimator (DMLC) is a promising approach for intrafraction motion management in radiation therapy. The purpose of this work is to develop a DMLC tracking algorithm capable of delivering volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) to the targets that experience two-dimensional (2D) rigid motion in the beam’s eye view. Methods: The problem of VMAT delivery to moving targets is formulated as a control problem with constraints. The relationships between gantry speed, gantry acceleration, MLC leaf-velocity, dose rate, and target motion are derived. An iterative search algorithm is developed to find numerical solutions for efficient delivery of a specific VMAT plan to the moving target using 2D DMLC tracking. The delivery of five VMAT lung plans is simulated. The planned and delivered fluence maps in the target-reference frame are calculated and compared. Results: The simulation demonstrates that the 2D tracking algorithm is capable of delivering the VMAT plan to a moving target fast and accurately without violating the machine constraints and the integrity of the treatment plan. The average delivery time is only 29 s longer than that of no-tracking delivery, 101 versus 72 s, respectively. The fluence maps are normalized to 200 MU and the average root-mean-square error between the desired and the delivered fluence is 2.1 MU, compared to 14.8 MU for no-tracking and 3.6 MU for one-dimensional tracking. Conclusions: A locally optimal MLC tracking algorithm for VMAT delivery is proposed, aiming at shortest delivery time while maintaining treatment plan invariant. The inconsequential increase of treatment time due to DMLC tracking is clinically desirable, which makes VMAT with DMLC tracking attractive in treating moving tumors.
Ovariectomy upregulates expression of estrogen receptors, NOS, and HSPs in porcine platelets.

Platelets participate in normal and pathological thrombotic processes. Hormone replacement in postmenopausal women is associated with increase risk for thrombosis. However, little is known regardin...
Soccer and sexual health education: A promising approach for reducing adolescent births in Haiti

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of an innovative, integrative program in female sexual reproductive health (SRH) and soccer (or futbol, in Haitian Creole) in rural Haiti by measuring the rate of births among program participants 15-19 years old and their nonparticipant peers. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study using 2006-2009 data from the computerized data-tracking system of the Haitian Health Foundation (HHF), a U.S.-based nongovernmental organization serving urban and rural populations in Haiti, was used to assess births among girls 15-19 years old who participated in HHF's GenNext program, a combination education-soccer program for youth, based on SRH classes HHF nurses and community workers had been conducting in Haiti for mothers, fathers, and youth; girl-centered health screenings; and an all-female summer soccer league, during 2006-2009 (n = 4 251). Bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were carried out to assess differences in the rate of births among program participants according to their level of participation (SRH component only ("EDU") versus both the SRH and soccer components ("SO") compared to their village peers who did not participate. Hazard ratios (HRs) of birth rates were estimated using Cox regression analysis of childbearing data for the three different groups. RESULTS: In the multiple logistic regression analysis, only the girls in the "EDU" group had significantly fewer births than the nonparticipants after adjusting for confounders (odds ratio = 0.535; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.304, 0.940). The Cox regression analysis demonstrated that those in the EDU group (HR = 0.893; 95% CI = 0.802, 0.994) and to a greater degree those in the SO group (HR = 0.631; 95% CI = 0.558, 0.714) were significantly protected against childbearing between the ages of 15 and 19 years. CONCLUSIONS: HHF's GenNext program demonstrates the effectiveness of utilizing nurse educators, community mobilization, and youth participation in sports, education, and structured youth groups to promote and sustain health for adolescent girls and young women.
Loop-Transmission Control Structures

For a communication loop connecting a multiplicity of terminals to a central processing location, alternative datalink control techniques are defined. An upper bound on allowable loading of the loop is established for each of these and compared to that of a perfect data-link control.
A Distributed Minimum-Distortion Routing Algorithm with In-Network Data Processing

In many wired and wireless networks, nodes process input traffic to satisfy a network constraint (e.g., a capacity constraint) and to increase the utility of data in the output flows given these constraints. In this paper we focus on the special case in which data processing is applied to satisfy capacity constraints. This occurs when the sum of the rate of the input traffic at a node exceeds the sum of the capacity of its output links, or in a more general case, when the sum of the input rates is larger than any cut capacity in the network. In this case, nodes process data to decrease the output flow rate. This decrease from input rate to output rate distorts the transmitted data, which we characterize by a distortion metric. We show that the distortion cost of distributively processing input traffic in a network can be written as the sum of the distortion at individual nodes.. We present a distributed algorithm for a data-gathering network with many sources and a data sink that routes traffic and performs in-network data processing to minimize the distortion cost. In this algorithm, each node determines its routing table based on gradient information from neighboring nodes.
On modeling energy-security trade-offs for distributed monitoring in wireless ad hoc networks

In this paper, we propose a game theoretic framework for distributed intrusion detection in ad hoc networks. The proposed models capture the energy-security tradeoffs for individual monitoring and propose an energy efficient design for distributed monitoring, with probabilistic guarantees for the achieved security level in the network.
Biosynthesis of tropic acid in Datura innoxia

Phenylalanine-UL- 14 C, phenylalanine-1,3- 14 C, and shikimic acid-UL- 14 C were fed to mature Datura innoxia Mill. plants, and the radioactive hyoscyamine and scopolamine were extracted and degraded to determine the position of the radioactive carbon of the tropic acid moiety. The results indicated that all the carbons of tropic acid are derived from the carbons of phenylalanine and the carboxyl carbon of tropic acid is derived from the carboxyl carbon of phenylalanine by way of some intramolecular shift mechanism.
Domain-specific modeling languages for configuring and evaluating enterprise DRE system quality of service

The quality of service (QoS) of enterprise distributed real-time and embedded (DRE) systems can degrade under certain operating conditions and system architectures. This paper provides two contributions to research on model-driven development (MDD) tools and methods that help identify and rectify these QoS problems in component-based enterprise DRE systems. First, we show how MDD tools can be used to simplify and automate the evaluation of component-based DRE systems to identify QoS problems. Second, we show how MDD tools can be used to specify alternative QoS polices for component-based DRE systems and synthesize metadata automatically to simplify system (re)configurations that rectify QoS problems. We illustrate our MDD tools on a case study of multi-layer resource management services for shipboard computing systems that automate many aspects of power, navigation, command and control, and tactical operations.
Developing Science Teachers’ Pedagogical Reasoning Through Reflective Practices in Overseas Professional Development Program: A Case Study

This study investigated how the metacognitive practice of reflective journal writing affected the development of science teachers’ pedagogical reasoning in professional development program. Secondary-level Korean biology teachers were provided advanced biological science content knowledge, pedagogical knowledge of biological science, and academic and cultural experiences in the USA by way of an overseas Korean Science Teachers’ Professional Development program. The study utilized a qualitative methodology with purposeful sampling design. Two female volunteer teachers were selected for this case study, one with 15 years of high school teaching experience and the other with 10 years of middle school teaching experience. Three data sources were collected including a pedagogical reasoning practice worksheet, a post-survey, and a lesson plan. These data were analyzed using analytic techniques of pattern matching, explanation building, and time series analysis. Member checking and triangulation methods were used to secure the reliability and validity of research credibility to ensure that we captured the true meaning of the teachers’ experiences. The results of the study showed that the teachers with the journal writing practice during and after the program significantly improved their pedagogical reasoning skills. Through the metacognitive practice of reflective journal writing, teachers came up with a repertoire of teaching ideas socially and culturally relevant to their students. Implications and suggestions are made on how professional development programs that are held in overseas countries can help teachers develop their pedagogical reasoning to deliver “good teaching.”
Further characterization of a rat ovarian testosterone receptor with evidence for nuclear translocation.

Abstract We have recently described receptor-like testosterone (T)-binding protein in the cytosol of ovaries from estrogen-primed hypophysectomized immature female rats (HIFR). This binding protein is thermolabile, saturable, specific for T, and sediments at 7-8 S on sucrose gradients. We now report the further characterization of this protein. It is present in the cytosol of isolated granulosa cells, has a molecular weight of 240,000, a frictional ratio of 1.8, and a mean Stokes radius of 73 A. The binding protein is acidic and cysteine residues are necessary for binding. We have also demonstrated the selective nuclear accumulation of T by granulosa cells after the in vivo administration of [3H]T to estrogen primed HIFR. After the in vitro incubation of the ovaries with [3H]T, a thermolabile protein specific for T was extracted from nuclei under high-salt conditions. The cytosol and nuclear T-binding proteins described in this report have many characteristics of an androgen receptor, and may play a role ...
Default-Rejection: The Hidden Cost of Defaults

When people make a decision that involves a pre-selected option – a default – they are more likely to select it. Due to their effectiveness, defaults have been widely implemented by public and private organizations alike. But are there cases when implementing a default can backfire? More specifically, under which conditions do defaults fail to work? One obvious situation is where the default option does not match the decision-maker’s preference. Less obvious are situations where defaults reduce perceived choice autonomy and decision-makers switch away from a defaulted option even when it matches their preferences. To show the existence of two types of motivations for default-rejection, we meta-analyzed 19 existing default studies and conducted four new lab experiments. Our studies reveal a hidden cost to the near-ubiquitous usage of defaults, whereby pre-selected options can prompt individuals to choose contrary to their preferences because they perceive lower autonomy. We also devise a novel way to deliver default implementations that does not reduce decision-maker’s perceived decision-making autonomy and reduces rates of default-rejection. We conclude with implications for the widespread usage of defaults and policy-making.
Risk of Developing Rheumatoid Arthritis in Adults with Asthma: A Population-Based Case-Control Study

Mary C. Rolfes, Youn Ho Shin, MD, Chung I. Wi, MD, Cynthia S. Crowson, MS, Richard S. Pendegraft, Euijung Ryu, PhD, Young J. Juhn, MD, MPH; Mayo Medical School, Rochester, MN, Department of Pediatrics, CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, South Korea, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, Dept of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN. RATIONALE: The relationship between asthma and the risk of systemic inflammatory disease such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is poorly understood. We determined whether asthma status is associated with the risk of incident RA among adults. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective population-based case-control study, which enrolled a population-based incident RA cohort (2004-2007) and their 1:1 birth yearand gender-matched controls residing in Olmsted County, MN. We performed comprehensive medical record reviews to ascertain asthma status of cases and controls using predetermined criteria for asthma. The frequency of a history of asthma prior to index date was compared between cases and their matched controls. Data were fit to logistic regression models to calculate odds ratios and the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS: We enrolled 136 RA cases and 134 controls in the study, of whom 84 (31.1%) were male and 256 (94.8%) were Caucasians. The median ages at the index date were 52.4 years for the RA cases and 53.0 years for controls. Of the 136 RA cases, 38 (28%) had a history of asthma, whereas 21 of 134 controls (16%) had a history of asthma (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.16; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.18-3.97, p50.013) after adjusting for age and sex. The similar trends were observed when a physician diagnosis of asthma was used for ascertaining asthma status (aOR, 2.39; 95% CI, 1.27-4.50, p50.007). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with asthma as a T-helper 2 condition had a significantly higher risk of RA as a T-helper 1 proinflammatory condition than healthy individuals.
Inversion-based interpretation of borehole sonic measurements using semianalytical spatial sensitivity functions

ABSTRACTOne of the major challenges in the interpretation of sonic logs is the presence of bed-boundary (shoulder-bed) effects, which can decrease the accuracy of the estimated elastic properties due to spatial averaging caused by the sonic receiver array across thin beds. A reliable approach to account for shoulder-bed effects in the interpretation of sonic logs is the implementation of forward modeling and inversion techniques. We have developed an efficient inversion-based interpretation method for the estimation of in situ rock formation elastic properties from sonic logs acquired in vertical wells. The method uses semianalytical spatial sensitivity functions for fast forward modeling of sonic-slowness logs and estimates formation elastic properties by iteratively matching the available logs with numerical simulations. Due to the intrinsic vertical resolution limits of sonic logs, the inversion method requires predefined bed boundaries using other high-resolution well logs. We first developed a workfl...
Narrative Construction in Treating Multiple Personality Disorder

AbstractMultiple personality disorder (MPD) challenges clinical psychology to forego the assumption of a unified and essential self. This is part of a larger historical process of giving up verities of the modern period as we move into an as-yet-unshaped postmodern age. Three arguments are made about this challenge: (a) Multiplicity becomes intelligible within a theoretical framework of narrative psychology; (b) This intelligibility makes inescapable what has been suspected by post-modern thought for some time-that the self (unitary or multiple) is a social construction and not an essence; and (c) the processes of both diagnosing and treating MPD also are best understood as social constructions. (Clini-cal Psychology)
On Balance: Leading by Leaving

Even though women make up half of law school classes in the U.S., hold half of elite judicial clerkships, and accept almost half of the jobs in large U.S. law firms, only a small number of women make partner or serve in leadership roles in those firms. Much has been written about the things that stand in the way of gender equality in elite law firms. Yet misconceptions persist about why the time demands of “big law” have a disproportionate impact on women. This Article points to evidence that is contrary to those misconceptions and argues that the women – and men – who leave large law firms in search of balance are exhibiting leadership. Contrary to Sheryl Sandberg’s advice that they should “lean in” if they hope to lead, these former big law attorneys are leading by leaving. Following an Introduction, Part II looks at the numbers of women in the pipeline from law school to elite law firms, and how the numbers drop off precipitously before women achieve partnership and take on leadership positions. Next, Part III considers and refutes two common misconceptions about why women have not succeeded in big law: that women lack ambition and that women cannot shoulder the dual demands of practicing law and being a primary caregiver. The reality is that these women are ambitious and that both women and men leave elite firms for similar reasons. They are often seeking better balance in their professional and personal lives. The topic of balance is the focus of Part IV, which makes the argument that lawyers who are leaving large law firms in search of work-life balance are exhibiting leadership. Turning to the topic of this symposium, Part V concludes with some suggestions about how law school leadership education could address issues of work-life balance and gender disparities in the profession. Rather than framing these as women’s issues, this Part suggests the benefits of presenting these as issues that men and women should consider as they make a plan for their professional and personal lives.
The Meaning of ' emuna in the Old Testament

more tantalizing to the biblical theologian than the enigmatic statement of Habakkuk 2:4b: "but the righteous shall live by his faith" (RSV). Included here are three key words of the Old Testament referring to the three most fundamental tenets of New as well as Old Testament theology. The Gordian knot of the statement is the word 'emuna, translated "faith" here, but elsewhere and more often translated "faithfulness." Is it the reliance or the reliability of the righteous which is intended in this passage? As is well known to layman and scholar alike, St. Paul regards Habakkuk 2:4b to be the keystone of biblical doctrine and makes it the leitmotif of both his "theological" discourses (Galatians 3:11 and Romans 1:17). An indispensable clue to the whole question of the unity of biblical theology is concealed in the problem of whether the apostle gave to "faith" an active sense which cannot be assigned properly to the Old Testament 'emuna. Preliminary to any discussion of these larger dimensions of the problem is the task of determining the full connotation of 'emuna in its Old Testament usage. With this preliminary task I have engaged myself and have outlined in this paper the results of this prefatory study. What, according to usage, is the Old Testament meaning of 'emuna? 'emuna is one of fourteen noun forms derived from
Measurement of urinary incontinence after prostate surgery from data-mining electronic health records (EHR).

6612 Background: National initiatives to develop quality metrics emphasize the need to include patient-centered outcomes, yet rely on manual chart abstraction or administrative data. Chart abstract...
The “Millipede”—More than 1000 Tips for Parallel and Dense Data Storage

A MEMS-based AFM-array concept (“Millipede”) for data storage of potentially ultrahigh density, terabit capacity, and high data rate is presented. Thermomechanical writing and reading in very thin polymer films is used to store and sense 30–40-nm-sized bits with similar pitch size, resulting in 400–500 Gbit/in2 storage densities. We have successfully batch-fabricated first all-silicon 32×32 AFM cantilever array chips. In addition, we have recently demonstrated time multiplexed parallel read/write operation with the array chip. Our 32×32 array chip is the first VLSI-NEMS (Nano ElectroMechanical System) for nano-technological applications.
Experimental gene therapy of human colon cancer.

Background. Gastrin regulates growth of human colon cancer cells by activation of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase A (PKA). Gastrin and 8-Br-cAMP, a membrane-permeable cAMP analog, inhibit growth of HCT116 cells; both stimulate growth of LoVo cells. This dual effect on growth may be explained by relative amounts of the regulatory subunit (R 1α or R 11β ) of PKA within the cancer cells. Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ASO) to either R 1α or R 11β inhibit protein translation of the target mRNA by sequence-specific bindin; subsequently, cellular PKA content and the cAMP-mediated growth may be altered
Sensory Ataxia and Vitamin E Deficiency

A progressive limb and gait ataxia, distal loss of proprioception and vibration sense, and areflexia, caused by a prolonged and severe vitamin E deficiency, are reported in four patients evaluated as adults at King’s College, Hammersmith Hospital, and Institutes of Neurology and Child Health, London, UK.
The early secreted antigenic target of 6 kD of Mycobacterium tuberculosis inhibits the proliferation and differentiation of human peripheral blood CD34+ cells.

Abnormalities in hematopoiesis are common in tuberculosis patients and highly prevalent in AIDS patients with tuberculosis coinfection. To explore the potential role of the early secreted antigenic target of 6-kD (ESAT-6) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) in abnormal hematopoiesis in tuberculosis, we studied the effect of ESAT-6 on proliferation and differentiation of in vitro-expanded CD34+ cells isolated from the peripheral blood of the healthy donors. ESAT-6 but not control protein antigen 85A (Ag85A) of Mtb inhibited the proliferation of CD34+ cell derived peripheral blood stem/progenitor cells (PBSPC) in a dose dependent manner when determined by MTT-assay. ESAT-6 but not Ag85A reduced the number of colony forming cells (CFC) of PBSPC by 60-90% as determined by CFC assay by incubation of CD34+ cells in a semi-solid cellulose media in the presence of cytokine cocktail for two weeks. ESAT-6 but not Ag85A increased the percentages of the Annexin-V positive cells and enhanced the cleavage of caspase-3 in PBSPC in a time and dose dependent manner as determined by flow cytometry and Western blot analysis, respectively. ESAT-6 also inhibited murine bone marrow derived non-adherent cell proliferation in response to granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor treatment. We conclude that ESAT-6, an essential virulence factor of Mtb, may contribute to the abnormal hematopoiesis of tuberculosis patients by inhibiting the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic cells via apoptosis.
The impacts of Cenozoic climate and habitat changes on small mammal diversity of North America

Abstract Through the Cenozoic, paleoclimate records show general trends of global cooling and increased aridity, and environments in North America shifted from predominantly forests to more open habitats. Paleobotanical records indicate grasses were present on the continent in the Eocene; however, paleosol and phytolith studies indicate that open habitats did not arise until the late Eocene or even later in the Oligocene. Studies of large mammalian herbivores have documented changes in ecomorphology and community structure through time, revealing that shifts in mammalian morphology occurred millions of years after the environmental changes thought to have triggered them. Smaller mammals, like rodents and lagomorphs, should more closely track climate and habitat changes due to their shorter generation times and smaller ranges, but these animals have received much less study. To examine changes in smaller mammals through time, we have assembled and analyzed an ecomorphological database of all North American rodent and lagomorph species. Analyses of these data found that rodent and lagomorph community structure changed dramatically through the Cenozoic, and shifts in diversity and ecology correspond closely with the timing of habitat changes. Cenozoic rodent and lagomorph species diversity is strongly biased by sampling of localities, but sampling-corrected diversity reveals diversity dynamics that, after an initial density-dependent diversification in the Eocene, track habitat changes and the appearance of new ecological adaptations. As habitats became more open and arid through time, rodent and lagomorph crown heights increased while burrowing, jumping, and cursorial adaptations became more prevalent. Through time, open-habitat specialists were added during periods of diversification, while closed-habitat taxa were disproportionately lost in subsequent diversity declines. While shifts among rodents and lagomorphs parallel changes in ungulate communities, they started millions of years earlier than in larger mammals. This is likely a consequence of the smaller mammals' greater sensitivity to environmental changes and more rapid evolution. These results highlight the importance of examining understudied members of vertebrate faunas for understanding the evolution of terrestrial communities through time.
The earth is our home: systemic metaphors to redefine our relationship with nature

Climate change is one of the most compelling challenges for science communication today. Societal reforms are necessary to reduce the risks posed by a changing climate, yet many people fail to recognize climate change as a serious issue. Unfortunately, the accumulation of scientific data, in itself, has failed to compel the general public on the urgent need for pro-environmental policy action. We argue that certain metaphors for the human-environment relationship can lead people to adopt a more nuanced and responsible conception of their place in the natural world. In two studies, we tested properties of multiple metaphors with the general public (study 1) and experts on climate change (study 2). The metaphor “the earth is our home” resonated with climate experts as well as diverse subpopulations of the general public, including conservatives and climate-change deniers.
Placental Characteristics of Fetuses With Congenital Heart Disease.

OBJECTIVES To investigate whether there is an association between congenital heart disease (CHD) and placental abnormalities. METHODS We conducted a case-control study that included cases of infants with CHD who underwent cardiac surgery within 6 months of life at the Johns Hopkins Medical Center from 2000 to 2013, and gestational age-matched normal pregnancy controls (200 neonates per group). RESULTS Overall, abnormal placental cord insertion (ie, eccentric, marginal, or velamentous) was associated with CHD (odds ratio, 2.33-3.76). The main cardiac defects associated with abnormal cord insertion were conotruncal defects (relative risk, 3.08; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.48-6.40; P = .003), left heart disease (relative risk, 2.40; 95% CI, 1.32-4.37; P = .004), and right heart disease (relative risk, 2.22; 95% CI, 1.21-4.07; P = .010). The Placenta-to-birth weight ratio was not associated with CHD. Intrauterine growth restriction was associated with CHD (odds ratio, 3.00; 95% CI, 1.41-6.39; P = .004). CONCLUSIONS Abnormal cord insertion, as well as intrauterine growth restriction, was determined to be correlated with the presence of CHD. On the basis of our results, we conclude that cord insertion should be evaluated at routine obstetric sonography, and further fetal heart evaluation is warranted if abnormal cord insertion is detected.
Fellowship candidate selection at the BEST Medical Center: A novel process

Dr. Ida Lystic completed her MD degree at the prestigious Harvey Medical School (which has since been renamed the Harvey Provider School) and her residency in internal medicine and gastroenterology fellowship at the OTHER (Owen T. Henry and Eugene Rutherford) Medical Center. She was subsequently hired as an assistant professor at the BEST (Byron Edwards and Samuel Thompson) Medical Center in 2015. After eventually completing an extensive list of employment requirements, she was able to begin seeing patients. She had not anticipated a change in the electronic medical record systems-from the user-friendly intuitive SIMPLE (Succinct Input Making Patients' Lives Electronic) system to the complicated and challenging LEGEND (perhaps, as her colleagues had suggested, Lengthy and Excessively Graded Evaluation and Nomenclature for Diagnosis) system. Nor had she expected some of the challenges encountered in her daily clinic routine: The lack of schedulers for her patients (based on recommendations by the Optima Efficiency Consultant Group and incorporated by the BEST efficiency department) and the addition of egg timers on the doors along with a compliance spreadsheet and corrective action plan for the tardy physicians to complete to encourage punctuality (based on the assessment of the Wait Time Committee). She joined the LOST (Laboratory OverSight and Testing) Committee, because participation to support BEST Medical Center practices is strongly suggested for faculty seeking promotion; however, when the new committee chairman-who is a surgeon-was elected, the noon meetings were rescheduled for 6:00 am each month. At the request of her recently divorced department chairman, the philandering Dr. Seymore Fox, she became deputy head of the Gastroenterology Fellowship Selection Committee; she recently coordinated the selection of the physicians for next year's fellowship. The fellowship candidate selection process at the BEST Medical School is probably similar to that performed at the OTHER Medical Center; however, innovative interview techniques-such as assessment for manual dexterity (with the "space race") and typing skills-have been incorporated to enhance the selection of the best candidates. Dr. Ida Lystic, the gastroenterology department, and the medical school at "the BEST Medical Center" are creations of the author's imagination; yet, many of the anecdotes are based on actual events whose details have been modified to protect the guilty.
Staphylococcus Infection-Associated Glomerulonephritis

Staphylococcus infection-associated glomerulonephritis (SAGN) is a well-recognized disease entity, and over the last decade has been seen with increasing frequency in western countries. The associated Staphylococcal infections tend to be quite aggressive and invasive and the affected population is primarily elderly patients with one or more preexisting comorbidities, which can make this a difficult disease to treat. Furthermore, the diagnosis can be challenging due to subtle clinical presentation of the underlying infection, varied histopathological features, and occasional positive ANCA serology. Importantly, the glomerulonephritis either coincides with the onset of infection or occurs during the course of the infection, which is in contrast to post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis which typically occurs after a distinct latent period following complete resolution of the infection. This chapter succinctly describes the wide spectrum of histologic features, immunofluorescence staining patterns and ultrastructural features in SAGN along with diagnostic pitfalls. The last section gives a brief overview of the microbiologic and immunologic aspects of Staphylococcus.
Thrombotic Microangiopathy Due to Catastrophic Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome Confirmed on Skin Biopsy and Treated with Eculizumab

IntroductionThrombotic microangiopathies (TMA) can be caused by diverse clinical entities of various etiologies. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is caused by a lack of von Willebrand-fact...
Programming the mind and decrypting the universe — A bipolar quantum-neuro-fuzzy associative memory model for quantum cognition and quantum intelligence

Extending a geometrical and logical unification of mind, light, and matter, a bipolar Quantum-Neuro-Fuzzy Associative Memory (QNFAM) model is proposed for equilibrium-based Quantum Cognition and Quantum Intelligence (QC&QI). It is argued that the brain is neither an electric power machine nor a digital computer, but a dynamic equilibrium of neuron ensembles of bipolar quantum agents. Thus, neuronal electrical signals are inadequate for QC&QI due to their incurred loss of dynamic equilibrium information. On the other hand, it is pointed out that the illogical aspect of quantum mechanics prevents quantum computing from lending itself as an analytical paradigm for equilibrium-based QC&QI. QNFAM is proposed to bridge the gap. Equilibrium and non-equilibrium conditions of QNFAM are identified and axiomatically proved. It is illustrated that QNFAM leads to QC&QI — an equilibrium-based super symmetrical and analytical unification of logical, physical, biological, social, and mental systems for Programming the Mind and Decrypting the Universe.