cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Empathic Responding in Children of Battered Mothers.

Abstract The present study assessed the empathic abilities of children whose mothers had been the targets of conjugal violence. Thirty-two mothers and their preschool children served as subjects. There were equal numbers of boys and girls. Half of the mothers had a history of having been abused by their husbands while the other half came from non-violent relationships. The instability of the abused mothers' familial relationships was further established by means of a Home Climate Questionnaire. Analysis of this instrument revealed that although abusive husbands were not reported to be physically violent with their children, they were more verbally aggressive than their non-abusive counterparts. Four measures assessed the empathie abilities of the children: role-enactment, social inference, role-taking, and social behavior. A 2 way MANOVA (multivariate analysis of variance) run on these measures indicated a significant main effects of groups on all but the social behavior measure. There was also a significant groups by sex of child interaction on the role-taking measure. The results suggest the early and pervasive influence which marital discord may have on the empathic abilities of young children. Both direct and vicariously mediated forces may influence this facet of the child's social development.
Thermal conductivity of single-crystal barium fluoride

We have measured the thermal conductivity κ of a single crystal of barium fluoride from room temperature down to 20 K. This material is used as a substrate for growth of PbTe and other semiconductor materials with applications as electronic devices. The room temperature value of κ is 0.07 W cm−1 K−1, and the thermal conductivity increases as temperature is lowered. At 20 K, the onset of a peak is observed, with a maximum value of approximately 13 W cm−1 K−1. The results are compared with existing data in the literature, and a fit to the data assuming Umklapp scattering of phonons is performed.
Using laminar-flow velocity profiles to locate the wall behind roughness elements

Boundary-layer experiments that use hotwire anemometry often perform least-squares fits of the boundary-layer velocity profile to estimate the position of the wall in the hotwire’s coordinate frame. This approach fails in the wake of roughness elements where the profile is nonlinear at the wall. A modified approach makes least-squares fits only at selected locations outside roughness wakes and estimates the wall location across entire lines using a function generated from these estimates. Comparing these two approaches shows that the first produces incorrect results just behind roughness elements but that the techniques produce identical results farther downstream.
Synthetic Sport Shorts Folliculitis

In the past few years, synthetic sport shorts, used for sports, swimming, or everyday wear, have become popular because of their quick-drying, lightweight, and rip-proof features. Usually made of all nylon or other synthetics, sport shorts are manufactured using various chemicals (dyes, resins, formaldehyde, and other compounds) that may cause dermatologie reactions. As described below, such shorts can present a problem for their wearers. Patient Report. An otherwise healthy 7-year-old boy presented with a 3-day history of rash noted only on his thighs. His medical history was unremarkable; he was receiving no medications and had no known drug or other allergies. The rash had developed over a 3-day period during which he had worn synthetic shorts to soccer camp. The weather had been excessively hot (above 35°C) and he had been very active. The patient noted that the loose-fitting shorts occasionally "stuck to his legs" during the day. The physical
Imagination and the Globalisation of Educational Policy Research.

A number of theorists, including Charles Taylor, Arjun Appadurai and Dilip Gaonkar all associated with the University of Chicago based journal, Public Culture, have developed the idea of social imaginary. Their notion of imagination departs significantly from traditional philosophical and sociological analyses that view imagination as an individual capacity, located within the aesthetic realm. Instead, Public Culture theorists interpret imagination as a collective social fact that, in the era of globalisation, has become a critical part of everyday life, a form of labour in the formation of subjectivities. This paper will explore the major implications of this contention for thinking about educational policy research.
Osmo- and ionoregulatory responses of green sturgeon (Acipenser medirostris) to salinity acclimation

The green sturgeon is a long-lived, highly migratory species with populations that are currently listed as threatened. Their anadromous life history requires that they make osmo- and ionoregulatory adjustments in order to maintain a consistent internal milieu as they move between fresh-, brackish-, and seawater. We acclimated juvenile green sturgeon (121 ± 10.0 g) to 0 (freshwater; FW), 15 (estuarine; EST), and 24 g/l (SF Bay water; BAY) at 18°C for 2 weeks and measured the physiological and biochemical responses with respect to osmo- and ionoregulatory mechanisms. Plasma osmolality in EST- and BAY-acclimated sturgeon was elevated relative to FW-acclimated sturgeon (P < 0.01), but there was no difference in muscle water content or abundance of stress proteins. Branchial Na+, K+-ATPase (NKA) activity was also unchanged, but abundance within mitochondrion-rich cells (MRC) was greater in BAY-acclimated sturgeon (P < 0.01). FW-acclimated sturgeon had the greatest NKA abundance when assessed at the level of the entire tissue (P < 0.01), but there were no differences in v-type H+ATPase (VHA) activity or abundance between salinities. The Na+, K+, 2Cl− co-transporter (NKCC) was present in FW-acclimated sturgeon gills, but the overall abundance was lower relative to sturgeon in EST or BAY water (P < 0.01) where this enzyme is crucial to hypoosmoregulation. Branchial caspase 3/7 activity was significantly affected by acclimation salinity (P < 0.05) where the overall trend was for activity to increase with salinity as has been commonly observed in teleosts. Sturgeon of this age/size class were able to survive and acclimate following a salinity transfer with minimal signs of osmotic stress. The presence of the NKCC in FW-acclimated sturgeon may indicate the development of SW-readiness at this age/size.
Mycophenolate mofetil for the treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis. Author's reply

1 Bambha K, Kim WR, Talwalkar J, et al. Incidence, clinical spectrum, and outcomes of primary sclerosing cholangitis in a United States community. Gastroenterology 2003; 125: 1364–9. 2 Van Milligen de Wit, AW, van Deventer, SJ, Tytgat, GN. Immunogenetic aspects of primary sclerosing cholangitis: Implications for therapeutic strategies. Am J Gastroenterol 1995; 90: 893–900. 3 Chapman RW. The management of primary sclerosing cholangitis. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2003; 5: 9–18. 4 Ponsioen CY, Vrouenraets SM, Prawirodirdjo W, et al. Natural history of primary sclerosing cholangitis and prognostic value of cholangiography in a Dutch population. Gut 2002; 51: 562–6. 5 Lipsky JJ. Mycophenolate mofetil. Lancet 1996; 348: 1357–9. 6 Sterling RK, Salvatori JJ, Luketic VA, et al. A prospective, randomized-controlled pilot study of ursodeoxycholic acid combined with mycophenolate mofetil in the treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2004; 20: 943–9. 7 Talwalkar JA, Angulo P, Keach JC, Petz JL, Jorgensen RA, Lindor KD. Mycophenolate mofetil for the treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis. Am J Gastroenterol 2005; 100: 308–12. 8 Schramm C, Schirmacher P, Helmreich-Becker I, Gerker G, Meyer zum Buschenfelde KH, Lohse AW. Combined therapy with azathioprine, prednisolone, and ursodiol in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. A case series. Ann Intern Med 1999; 131: 943–6. 9 Corpechot C, Carrat F, Bahr A, Chretien Y, Poupon RE, Poupon R. The effect of ursodeoxycholic acid therapy on the natural course of primary biliary cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 2005; 128: 297–303. 10 Lankarani KB. Use of mycophenolate mofetil in the treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis. J Clin Gastroenterol 2003; 36: 86. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2005.02495.x
Protein nebulization: I. Stability of lactate dehydrogenase and recombinant granulocyte-colony stimulating factor to air-jet nebulization

The effect of air-jet nebulization on the stability of two proteins was examined. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) were chosen as the test proteins. The enzymatic activity of LDH can be readily monitored using a colorimetric assay. rhG-CSF was also studied as it has potential to be delivered to the systemic circulation via the lung. Aerosolization of LDH using a three-jet Collison nebulizer resulted in a time-dependent loss of enzymatic activity. The extent of inactivation was dependent upon the applied air pressure and the volume of fluid in the nebulizer reservoir. Inactivation at 10 and 40 psig was 12 ± 5(n = 6) and 18 ± 10% (n = 6), respectively, after a period of 10 min nebulization using a 40 ml starting volume, whereas an initial volume of 10 ml resulted in 57 ± 14% loss of activity after 10 min at 40 psig. rhG-CSF was affected in two ways by aerosolization. First, non-covalent aggregates were formed with time as observed by size exclusion chromatography. Second, a chemical change was induced and this was reflected in the formation of a higher mobility band on native gel electrophoresis. The change in mobility was thought to be due to an altered charge state of the protein, possibly through deamidation. Both the aggregated and degraded forms accounted for approx. 40% of the protein after 10 min. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) 1000 markedly reduced the deleterious effects of nebulization on the proteins. A 10 ml solution of protein containing 1% w/v PEG 1000 retained ≈ 100% of the original activity of LDH after 10 min nebulization at 40 psig while both forms of rhG-CSF degradation were held to less than 10% for the same set of operating conditions.
Generic and non-generic conditions for the perception of surface shape from texture

Li and Zaidi (Vision Research 40 (2000) 217; 41 (2001) 1519) have recently argued that there are two necessary conditions for the perception of 3D shape from texture: (1) the texture pattern must have a disproportionate amount of energy along directions of principal curvature; and (2) the surface must be viewed with a noticeable amount of perspective. In the present article we present evidence that these conclusions are only valid under a limited set of non-generic viewing conditions. Other relevant factors that need to be considered in this context include the distribution of curvature on an object's surface and the set of possible viewing directions from which it can be observed. For generic viewing directions and patterns of curvature, the perception of surface curvature from texture is only minimally affected by the orientation spectrum of the texture pattern or the amount perspective in its optical projection. Li and Zaidi (Vision Research 41 (2001) 1519) have also identified two characteristic patterns of image contours, which they claim to be the only possible source of information within textured images for determining the direction of surface slant or the sign of surface curvature. In the present article we attempt to show that these characteristic patterns can only arise in natural vision for a limited set of non-generic viewing directions. We also review several other factors that can influence the perceived direction of slant or the perceived sign of curvature, which have been identified previously by other investigators.
Minimum energy problems in Hilbert function space

Abstract Minimum energy problems in Hilbert function space are formulated. The methods presented are applicable to both continuous and discrete linear systems. Transformation of a particular operator equation into a set of 2n linear differential equations is described. Applications to physical systems are illustrated.
CORR Insights ®: High prevalence of adverse reactions to metal debris in small-headed ASR™ hips.

This CORR Insights®is a commentary on the article “High Prevalence of Adverse Reactions to Metal Debris in Small-headed ASR™ Hips” by Reito and colleagues available at: DOI:10.1007/s11999-013-3023-6. The author certifies that he, or a member of his immediate family, has no funding or commercial associations (eg, consultancies, stock ownership, equity interest, patent/licensing arrangements, etc) that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article. All ICMJE Conflict of Interest Forms for authors and Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research® editors and board members are on file with the publication and can be viewed on request. The opinions expressed are those of the writers, and do not reflect the opinion or policy of CORR® or the Association of Bone and Joint Surgeons®. This CORR Insights® comment refers to the article available at DOI: 10.1007/s11999-013-3023-6.
COOH Terminus of Occludin Is Required for Tight Junction Barrier Function in Early Xenopus Embryos

Occludin is the only known integral membrane protein localized at the points of membrane- membrane interaction of the tight junction. We have used the Xenopus embryo as an assay system to examine: (a) whether the expression of mutant occludin in embryos will disrupt the barrier function of tight junctions, and (b) whether there are signals within the occludin structure that are required for targeting to the sites of junctional interaction. mRNAs transcribed from a series of COOH-terminally truncated occludin mutants were microinjected into the antero-dorsal blastomere of eight-cell embryos. 8 h after injection, the full-length and the five COOH-terminally truncated proteins were all detected at tight junctions as defined by colocalization with both endogenous occludin and zonula occludens-1 demonstrating that exogenous occludin correctly targeted to the tight junction. Importantly, our data show that tight junctions containing four of the COOH-terminally truncated occludin proteins were leaky; the intercellular spaces between the apical cells were penetrated by sulfosuccinimidyl-6-(biotinamido) Hexanoate (NHS-LC-biotin). In contrast, embryos injected with mRNAs coding for the full-length, the least truncated, or the soluble COOH terminus remained impermeable to the NHS-LC-biotin tracer. The leakage induced by the mutant occludins could be rescued by coinjection with full-length occludin mRNA. Immunoprecipitation analysis of detergent-solubilized embryo membranes revealed that the exogenous occludin was bound to endogenous Xenopus occludin in vivo, indicating that occludin oligomerized during tight junction assembly. Our data demonstrate that the COOH terminus of occludin is required for the correct assembly of tight junction barrier function. We also provide evidence for the first time that occludin forms oligomers during the normal process of tight junction assembly. Our data suggest that mutant occludins target to the tight junction by virtue of their ability to oligomerize with full-length endogenous molecules.
The Place and Relevancy of Practice with Couples in Graduate Social Work Education

Social workers often provide services and therapy for couples; however, little literature has been published that suggests models for teaching—from a social work perspective—marriage counseling or social work with couples. This article reports the results of a survey that examined how faculty in graduate schools of social work are teaching practice content in marriage counseling and their perceptions of its relevancy to social work practice. Findings indicated that some content on social work practice with couples is evident in most master of social work programs. Moreover, faculty perceived social work practice with couples as moderately relevant to all practice settings listed in the survey.
The Remarkable Efficiency of the Dollar-Sterling Gold Standard, 1890–1906

The article develops a model of gold-standard efficiency in the context of the theory of efficient asset markets. Efficiency is measured by the ratio of experienced disutility to the hypothetical loss under perfect gold arbitrage and neutral exchange-rate speculation. Dollar-sterling gold-point estimates for 1890 to 1906 are generated using the methodology of focusing on the dominant arbitrageurs, the prevailing exchange instrument, and the primary form of gold shipped. Gold- standard efficiency is remarkably high and only marginally below exchange- market efficiency from 1950 to 1966 under Bretton Woods.
Practical designs for out-of-band emission suppression and adjacent channel interference rejection for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing-based cognitive radios

Opposite to the conventional wisdom, practical considerations for out-of-band emission (OOBE) suppression and adjacent channel interference (ACI) rejection in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) -based cognitive radio systems are not completely alike. For example, ACI will increase after discarding the cyclic prefix (CP) because the interference signal is also truncated during the CP removal process. Furthermore, effective OOBE is much larger than the estimated OOBE if there is a timing offset (TO) between the primary and secondary users. To the best of our knowledge, these and some other practical issues have not been well addressed. Various important practical issues (including multipath delay spread, high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), spectral efficiency loss, high complexity, sensitivities to frequency and timing offsets, non-contiguous and dynamically changing spectrum, CP removal, spectral containment, etc.) concerning OOBE suppression and ACI rejection are studied in this paper. Numerical results show that none of the existing approaches can deal with all practical issues satisfactorily. Hybrid combinations of frequency-domain approaches (spectral precoding and PAPR precoding) and time-domain approaches (windowing and filtering) are developed to maintain the merits and mitigate the drawbacks of each constituent approach in order to deal with these practical challenges. It is shown that a combination of filtering and precoding provides the best OOBE suppression and a combination of windowing and precoding provides the best ACI rejection characteristics in our numerical examples.
Consumers of e-health: patterns of use and barriers

In 2002, 80% of all adults in the United States sought health information and/or services online. This article reports the results of computer-assisted telephone interviews of a national random sample of 186 adults. The purpose of the survey was to clarify the circumstances under which consumers utilize Internet health resources and identify barriers to Internet use. The results indicated that although 78% of the respondents had used the Internet to obtain health information, only about 10% communicated by e-mail with their providers, purchased supplies over the web, or used the Internet to manage a chronic disease. At the same time, more than 50% of the respondents indicated an interest in using the Internet for clinical purposes. Major barriers to the use of the Internet for health-related purposes were potential threats to privacy, inaccuracy of information, problems in evaluating the quality of information and services obtained from the web, and physician disapproval.
Vertex‐switching, isomorphism, and pseudosimilarity

A vertex-switching G s of a graph G is obtained by deleting from G all edges of G with exactly one end in the set of vertices S, and then adding to G all edges of the complement of G with exactly one end in S. We characterize the situations in which G s is isomorphic to G, a result with application to the vertex-switching reconstruction problem. We use these results to construct pairs of vertex-switching pseudosimilar vertices, nonsimilar vertices u and v in a graph G with G {u} isomorphic to G {v} . We show that every such pair can be constructed by our methods
Concurrent test scheduling in built-in self-test environment

Concurrent testing is used to reduce overall self-testing time and further exploit the power of the built-in self-test (BIST) technique. A unifying procedure, called the implicit tree search algorithm (ITSA), is used to fully exploit the test parallelism so that both the total testing time and test resources are optimized. The operation of the ITSA is demonstrated by detailed examples. >
Molecular control of pluripotency

Transcriptional regulators and epigenetic modifiers play crucial roles throughout development to ensure that proper gene expression patterns are established and maintained in any given cell type. Recent genome-wide studies have begun to unravel how genetic and epigenetic factors maintain the undifferentiated state of embryonic stem cells while allowing these cells to remain poised to differentiate into somatic cells in response to developmental cues. These studies provide a conceptual framework for understanding pluripotency and lineage-specification at the molecular level.
Private Polls and Presidential Policymaking Reagan as a Facilitator of Change

Did the Reagan administration disregard majority will when crafting its policy initiatives? Did it cater to a narrow partisan constituency instead? The answers to these questions will help with an assessment of Jacobs and Shapiro's (2000b) hypothesis that presidents since the late 1970s have used private White House survey research as a tool to manipulate or assuage centrist public opinion while meeting the policy demands of their partisan core supporters, resulting in a decline in presidential responsiveness to majority will. Using the actual surveys administered by Richard Wirthlin (Reagan's pollster) between 1981 and 1983, this article will demonstrate the level of consistency between majority opinion on 129 policy issues and Reagan's behavior through 1984, and it will explore the conditions under which the president was more or less likely to respond to public preferences. The data reveal that the Reagan administration was constrained by the popular will in predicable ways: if the policy issues were about domestic concerns, highly popular, and visible in the media, then the administration acted in line with public preferences more than 70 percent of the time. Further, Reagan and his advisers were selective in responding to party activists: they championed issues drawn from their conservative ideological agenda that fit with the current tide in public opinion, while sidestepping other issues dear to party activists that encountered strong majority resistance. While I do not contest Jacobs and Shapiro's (2000b) important observation that presidents often use survey research to "craft talk" in an attempt to channel the public debate, the evidence here highlights how the president nonetheless remains constrained by the popular will, at least on domestic issues.
The Many Faces of Statistics

Summary This article is based on a talk given to the Mathematical Association of America. In it Professor Gani tries to explain to the non-specialist some of the things that statisticians do.
Integrating the Uranium-Series and Elemental Diffusion Geochronometers in Mixed Magmas from Volcán Quizapu, Central Chile

Magma mixing is a ubiquitous process in silicic magmatic systems. We present pre- and post-mixing time scales for a single magma mixing event associated with the 1846^1847 eruption of Volcan Quizapu. We compare and contrast 226 Ra^ 230 Th crystal residence ages between the mixed lavas of the 1846^1847 effusive eruption and the largely homogeneous plinian dacite eruption of 1932. Both eruptions are dominated by the same dacite magma, whereas the ear- lier eruption contains evidence for a single episode of mafic recharge and mixing. The use of uranium-series mineral separate dating on a mixed magma requires deconvolution of different crystal populations. We present a four-component mixing model for the crystal separates to obtain dacite-derived plagioclase model ages as well as andesite-derived (recharge) plagioclase ages. Plagioclase model ages average � 3·6 ka for dacite-derived plagioclase from the mixed (1846^1847) eruption, � 1·4 kyr older than average plagioclase model ages of the 1932 eruption, suggesting that magma mixing and reheating led to some resorption of young crystal rims in the 1846^ 1847 magmatic episode and/or that some growth of plagioclase rims occurred during the repose time of 86 years. The andesite-derived plagioclase residence ages are younger than the corresponding dacite-derived plagioclase residence ages, but they are still of the order of thousands of years. In addition, we use Mg diffu- sion in plagioclase to constrain time scales of magma mixing. We show that the 1846^1847 eruption was triggered by large- volume mafic recharge magma that mixed and mingled with the resident dacite within probably days to weeks of the ensuing eruption.
Transcranial Doppler Detection of Fat Emboli

Background and Purpose—The fat embolism syndrome (FES) is characterized by the simultaneous occurrence of pulmonary and neurological symptoms as well as skin and mucosal petechiae in the setting of long-bone fractures or their surgical repair. Its pathophysiology is poorly understood, and effective treatments are lacking. We present 5 patients with long-bone fractures in whom in vivo microembolism was detected by transcranial Doppler. Methods—Five patients with long-bone fractures were monitored with transcranial Doppler for microembolic signals (MESs) after trauma. Two patients also had intraoperative monitoring. A TC-2020 instrument equipped with MES detection software was used. Detected signals were saved for subsequent review. Selected signals satisfied criteria defined previously and were categorized as large or small. Results—Cerebral microembolism was detected in all 5 patients and was transient, resolving within 4 days of injury. Intraoperative monitoring revealed an increase in MESs during intram...
The asymptomatic Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome

Abstract Patients with an electrocardiogram result consistent with Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome (WPW) often present without symptoms of tachycardia, syncope, or palpitations. Regardless of symptoms, it is recommended that all patients with a pattern of WPW on their electrocardiogram undergo formal risk assessment of their accessory pathway conduction properties to better understand the patients risk of sudden cardiac arrest. The purpose of this article is to illustrate the methods, risk, cost and benefits of these methods and how one should go about risk assessing the asymptomatic WPW syndrome patient.
Combining lidar estimates of aboveground biomass and Landsat estimates of stand age for spatially extensive validation of modeled forest productivity

Extensive estimates of forest productivity are required to understand the relationships between shifting land use, changing climate and carbon storage and fluxes. Aboveground net primary production of wood (NPPAw) is a major component of total NPP and of net ecosystem production (NEP). Remote sensing of NPP and NPPAw is generally based on light use efficiency or process-based biogeochemistry models. However, validating these large area flux estimates remains a major challenge. In this study we develop an independent approach to estimating NPPAw, based on stand age and biomass, that could be implemented over a large area and used in validation efforts. Stand age is first mapped by iterative unsupervised classification of a multi-temporal sequence of images from a passive optical sensor (e.g. Landsat TM). Stand age is then cross-tabulated with estimates of stand height and aboveground biomass from lidar remote sensing. NPPAw is then calculated as the average increment in lidar-estimated biomass over the time period determined using change detection. In western Oregon, productivity estimates made using this method compared well with forest inventory estimates and were significantly different than estimates from a spatially distributed biogeochemistry model. The generality of the relationship between lidar-based canopy characteristics and stand biomass means that this approach could potentially be widely applicable to landscapes with stand replacing disturbance regimes, notably in regions where forest inventories are not routinely maintained.
Cytochrome oxidase subunit V gene of Neurospora crassa: DNA sequences, chromosomal mapping, and evidence that the cya-4 locus specifies the structural gene for subunit V.

Abstract The sequences of cDNA and genomic DNA clones for Neurospora cytochrome oxidase subunit V show that the protein is synthesized as a 171-amino-acid precursor containing a 27-amino-acid N-terminal extension. The subunit V protein sequence is 34% identical to that of Saccharomyces cerevisiae subunit V; these proteins, as well as the corresponding bovine subunit, subunit IV, contain a single hydrophobic domain which most likely spans the inner mitochondrial membrane. The Neurospora crassa subunit V gene (cox5) contains two introns, 398 and 68 nucleotides long, which share the conserved intron boundaries 5'GTRNGT...CAG3' and the internal consensus sequence ACTRACA. Two short sequences, YGCCAG and YCCGTTY, are repeated four times each in the cox5 gene upstream of the mRNA 5' termini. The cox5 mRNA 5' ends are heterogeneous, with the major mRNA 5' end located 144 to 147 nucleotides upstream from the translational start site. The mRNA contains a 3'-untranslated region of 186 to 187 nucleotides. Using restriction-fragment-length polymorphism, we mapped the cox5 gene to linkage group IIR, close to the arg-5 locus. Since one of the mutations causing cytochrome oxidase deficiency in N. crassa, cya-4-23, also maps there, we transformed the cya-4-23 strain with the wild-type cox5 gene. In contrast to cya-4-23 cells, which grow slowly, cox5 transformants grew quickly, contained cytochrome oxidase, and had 8- to 11-fold-higher levels of subunit V in their mitochondria. These data suggest (i) that the cya-4 locus in N. crassa specifies structural information for cytochrome oxidase subunit V and (ii) that, in N. crassa, as in S. cerevisiae, deficiencies in the production of nuclearly encoded cytochrome oxidase subunits result in deficiency in cytochrome oxidase activity. Finally, we show that the lower levels of subunit V in cya-4-23 cells are most likely due to substantially reduced levels of translatable subunit V mRNA.
Representing health and illness: thoughts for the twenty-first century.

In their critical paper on images in the health sciences, Roger Cooter and Claudia Stein pointed out the limits of visualisation and representation in the existing literature in the public representation of health and illness. They focus on the complex and multilayered field of medical representations as the site where levels of epistemic, philosophical and political presuppositions provide insight into the interpreter's historical position. From a close focus on medical (or even public health) representations as a reflection of a partial worldview, to the historical embeddedness that they suggest is the key to understanding the limitations of all visual hermeneutics in the sphere of health and illness:
Available Alkalis in Fly Ash

The available alkalis of six Iowa fly ashes, four Class C and two Class F, have been studied as outlined by the procedures listed in ASTM C 311. The purposes of the study were to: (1) assess the significance of the test when it is used to analyze different fly ashes; (2) to investigate the possibility of decreasing the time required to complete the test (it currently requires 28 days for curing). When cured for 28 days at 38 C, the available alkalis were found to be about 60% and 30% of the total equivalent alkalis (equivalent alkalis = %Na20 + 0.658 × %K20) for Class C and Class F fly ashes, respectively. However, more than 85% and more than 40% of the total equivalent alkalis for the Class C and Class F fly ashes, respectively, were mobilized after 5 to 6 months of curing at 38 C. It was concluded that the available alkali test described in ASTM C 311 tends to underestimate the amount of equivalent alkalis present in Class C fly ash-calcium hydroxide mixtures after long periods of time.
Infant BMI trajectories are associated with young adult body composition

The dynamic aspect of early life growth is not fully captured by typical analyses, which focus on one specific time period. To better understand how infant and young child growth relate to the development of adult body composition, the authors characterized body mass index (BMI) trajectories using latent class growth analysis (LCGA) and evaluated their association with adult body composition. Data are from the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey, which followed a birth cohort to age 22 years (n = 1749). In both males and females, LCGA identified seven subgroups of respondents with similar BMI trajectories from 0 to 24 months (assessed with bimonthly anthropometrics). Trajectory groups were compared with conventional approaches: (1) accelerated growth between two time points (0–4 months), (2) continuous BMI gain between two points (0–4 months and 0–24 months) and (3) BMI measured at one time point (24 months) as predictors of young adult body composition measures. The seven trajectory groups were distinguished by age-specific differences in tempo and timing of BMI gain in infancy. Infant BMI trajectories were better than accelerated BMI gain between 0 and 4 months at predicting young adult body composition. After controlling for BMI at age 2 years, infant BMI trajectories still explained variation in adult body composition. Using unique longitudinal data and methods, we find that distinct infant BMI trajectories have long-term implications for the development of body composition.
King Midas in America

The new conservatism that captured America’s fancy in this, the Reagan decade, is actually two distinct conservatisms. It is an economic conservatism that has tried to dismantle the welfare state and turn as many facets of life as possible over to the free-market, private sector. And it is a moral conservatism that has attempted to strengthen traditional values and the social institutions that foster them. These two conservatisms correspond, of course, to the economic and social agendas that have guided the policies of the Reagan administration since the president took office. The president and his supporters seem to share not only the belief that free-market economics and traditional moral values are good but that they go together, that it is possible simultaneously to strengthen both.
beta-Endorphin and its metabolites stimulate motility of the dog small intestine.

Previous studies have demonstrated that beta-endorphin and enkephalins are released into the systemic circulation by the pituitary and adrenal medulla, respectively. To determine whether the small intestine could be a target for circulating beta-endorphin, segments of small intestine were removed from anesthetized dogs and perfused with Krebs-bicarbonate buffer containing beta-endorphin (1 microgram/ml), while motility was recorded and venous effluent collected in 1-min fractions (23 ml). beta-Endorphin significantly (P less than .002) increased motility of intestinal segments. High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of the venous effluent identified, among others, several alpha- and gamma-type endorphins. Several of the identified peptide fragments were then perfused through intestinal segments to determine their motility effects. alpha-Endorphin, gamma-endorphin, des-tyrosine-alpha-endorphin and des-tyrosine-gamma-endorphin, significantly increased motility at doses of 1 microgram/ml. These responses were characterized by an increase in phasic contractions of constant amplitude and frequency. To determine regional specificity and site of beta-endorphin metabolism during perfusion, we studied time course processing of beta-endorphin in mucosal and muscularis homogenates in vitro. The mucosa was much more enzymatically active than the muscularis and produced 3-fold more gamma-endorphin than alpha-endorphin, whereas the reverse was found in the muscularis. These studies demonstrate that the small intestine can metabolize beta-endorphin into a number of active fragments which increase motility and suggest a regional specificity of enzymatic processing of beta-endorphin in the dog intestine.
Recent Excavations At Babylon

Through the pages of its Mittheilungen, of which 55 numbers appeared prior to 1915, the German Orient Society has kept its members informed concerning the excavations which since 1899 it has been conducting in the East. The more technical details have from time to time appeared in the Wissenschaftliche Veroffentlichungen issued by the Society. That Assyria and Babylon have been a field of special attractiveness seems natural for a Society the inception and direction of which have been in large measure the work of the eminent Assyriologist Friedrich Delitzsch. It is due to his enthusiasm that the Society has secured such large financial support that it could project and execute plans on a scale and with a degree of thoroughness not seen before in the Babylonian-Assyrian territory. The friendly relations between the German and Turkish governments have likewise greatly eased the path of the explorer.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the prostate with concomitant adenocarcinoma in the absence of prior androgen deprivation therapy

We present a case of squamous cell carcinoma of the prostate, unique in that it was accompanied by a spatially separate focus of high-grade adenocarcinoma. Unlike previous case reports, the patient had no history of prior prostatic adenocarcinoma and had no history of treatment with antiandrogen or radiation therapy. Prostate carcinomas with squamous differentiation, while exceedingly rare, carry a poor prognosis compared to adenocarcinomas and should be considered in male patients with obstructive urinary symptoms without increased serum prostate specific antigen.
Occupational exposure to airborne nanomaterials: An assessment of worker exposure to aerosolized metal oxide nanoparticles in a semiconductor fab and subfab

ABSTRACTThis occupational exposure assessment study characterized potential inhalation exposures of workers to engineered nanomaterials associated with chemical mechanical planarization wafer polishing processes in a semiconductor research and development facility. Air sampling methodology was designed to capture airborne metal oxide nanoparticles for characterization. The research team obtained air samples in the fab and subfab areas using a combination of filter-based capture methods to determine particle morphology and elemental composition and real-time direct-reading instruments to determine airborne particle counts. Filter-based samples were analyzed by electron microscopy and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy while real-time particle counting data underwent statistical analysis. Sampling was conducted during worker tasks associated with preventive maintenance and quality control that were identified as having medium to high potential for inhalation exposure based on qualitative assessments. For ...
Disscussion on Reform Tactics of Health Education of Universities

By the investigation, this article analyzes the current situation and existing problems in college health education system. Inquires into the course system of health education within the aim content and ways about healthy education, and idea of management system reform as well.
Connection mode and protection of 500 kV transmission line series compensation capacitor bank

This paper analyzes how do connection of series compensation and the CT configuration affect the capacitors and MOV protection, and the spark gap protection configuration. Comparing the capacitor of 1 H-shaped bridge connection with that of 2, the latter is faster at locating the fault capacitor. As for the two connections, the one equipped with capacitor circuit branch CT can achieve the protection better when circuit breaker fails. So, it should be treated differently while setting the unbalance protection. It compares the branching with non-branchings in the connections of MOV and CT configuration. The former can detect false units easier while the latter can better achieve the protection of MOV fault. Spark gap should be configured with the self triggering, refuse triggering, delay triggering, continuous triggering protection, which is better for realizing primary equipment protection.
The potential of ecotourism opportunities to generate support for mountain gorilla conservation among local communities neighboring Volcanoes National Park in Rwanda

Mountain gorilla tourism has played an important role in the conservation of mountain gorillas in Rwanda. Significant revenue from mountain gorilla tourism has motivated the government of Rwanda to...
Direct Patterning of Robust One-Dimensional, Two-Dimensional, and Three-Dimensional Crystalline Metal Oxide Nanostructures Using Imprint Lithography and Nanoparticle Dispersion Inks

Dimensionally stable one-dimensional (1-D), two-dimensional (2-D), and three-dimensional (3-D) high aspect ratio crystalline metal oxide nanostructures are fabricated using soft nanoimprint lithography with inks comprised of nanoparticle (NP) dispersions in solvent or in sol–gel precursors for the metal oxide. Crystalline TiO2 and indium tin oxide (ITO) NP dispersions in solvent are imprinted using a solvent permeable patterned poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) stamp to yield robust crystalline nanostructures that are dimensionally stable to calcination (less than 8% linear shrinkage in imprinted feature heights upon heat treatment at 500 °C). Inks comprised of 80% crystalline NPs dispersed in 20% sol–gel binder are patterned using thermal- or UV-assisted imprinting with a PDMS stamp. The composition and physical properties of the dimensionally stable imprinted metal oxides (TiO2 and ITO) can be altered by varying the composition of the ink. Rapid printing of high aspect ratio nanostructures and sub-100 nm fe...
Can Apps Encourage Engaged Learning in a Sustainability Course

Previous research on sustainability education suggests that for students to change attitudes, beliefs and behaviors, learning needs to be engaged. Technology use (e.g. mobile devices) can increase student engagement when incorporated into learning activities. However, no research using mobile technologies for teaching environmental sustainability was reported in the textiles and apparel area. Therefore, this study examined the effectiveness of the Making app from Nike, which was used for a product development activity in an apparel sustainability course. Students were instructed to rank the sustainability levels of six garments and create a hypothetical garment with low environmental impact without using the app. The assignment was completed again using the app as a tool. The app allowed more students to evaluate the sustainability of existing apparel products accurately and propose creative hypothetical products with lower environmental impact. Students found the app an effective tool that they would use in their future careers.
Dynamic Properties of Human Tympanic Membrane After Exposure to Blast Waves

Blast overpressure causes dynamic damage to middle ear components, and tympanic membrane (TM) rupture is the most frequent middle ear injury. However, it is unclear how the blast waves change mechanical properties of the TM and affect sound transmission through the ear. This paper reports the current study on dynamic properties of the TM after exposure to blast waves by using acoustic loading and laser Doppler vibrometry (LDV). The TM specimens were prepared from human temporal bones following exposures to blast overpressure. Vibration of the TM specimen induced by acoustic loading was measured by LDV over a frequency range of 200–8000 Hz. An inverse-problem solving method with finite element modeling was used to determine the complex modulus of the TM specimen. The post-blast storage modulus ranged from 23.1 to 26.9 MPa, and loss modulus ranged from 0.09 to 3.78 MPa as frequency increased from 200 to 8000 Hz. Compared to the complex modulus of normal TM reported in the literature, the post-blast storage and loss modulus decreased significantly across the frequency range. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the post-blast TM samples showed microstructural changes of the tissue, which explained the alteration of mechanical properties of the TM samples.
Niger-Congo Languages

Niger-Congo is by far the largest language family in Africa, comprising some 1400 languages. In this article, its internal classification is discussed and the relationships among its nine main subfamilies are outlined. Brief descriptions of each subfamily are given as well.
Living-Donor Liver Transplantation Timing under Ambiguous Health State Transition Probabilities

Markov decision process (MDP) models for the optimal time to initial a medical therapy, such as an organ transplantation, require the estimation of health state transition probabilities from physiological data. Such estimation may be a source of probabilistic ambiguity when, for example, some critical health states are seldom visited historically. For MDP models in general, robust dynamic programming has been proposed as an approach to mitigate the effects of ambiguity on optimal decisions. However, very few realworld studies examining the usefulness of robust MDP policies have been reported. We present a robust MDP model for medical therapy initiation in which worst-case transition probabilities are chosen from a set of probability measures constructed using relative entropy bounds. For this model, we prove that therapy is initiated sooner, in additional states, as the ambiguity increases. We apply the methodology to the problem of deciding when to undergo a living-donor liver transplantation, and present the results of a case study using clinical data. We propose a novel implied confidence level measure that maps the robust solutions to historical transplant decisions, and find that in some cases the robust policies are closer to decisions that have been made in practice.
A Review of the Use of Secukinumab for Psoriatic Arthritis

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic, seronegative spondyloarthropathy associated with psoriasis (PsO). Treatment options range from non-pharmacologic measures to NSAIDS, DMARDs, and biologics, depending on patient presentation. Secukinumab (Cosentyx©) is a new biologic treatment option that was approved for use in treating adult patients with PsA in October 2016. Our paper explores the clinical trial evidence available for secukinumab to examine its safety and efficacy as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of PsA. While indirect comparisons of indicate that secukinumab is as effective as other treatment options, further studies directly comparing available treatments will be necessary to establish its place in treatment guidelines. As these and other trials are conducted, the evidence produced will further elucidate the clinical potential of secukinumab as a treatment option for patients with rheumatologic disease.