cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Far-infrared magnetoabsorption and refractive index of 2 H − Mo S 2

The far-infrared transmission of $2H\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{Mo}{\mathrm{S}}_{2}$ has been studied in magnetic fields up to 13 T, at temperatures between 1.5 and 40 K, in the spectral wave-number range 5-250 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. A single resonance has been observed in the magnetoabsorption spectra of some natural crystals. The resonance energy has a weak magnetic field dependence, and a zero-field value corresponding to 6 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. Optical pumping in the exciton bands near 2 eV strengthens the absorption and shifts it slightly. Polarization, intensity, anisotropy, and other measurements indicate that a probable cause of the absorption is magnetic resonance of ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{2+}$ impurity ions occupying octahedral sites with trigonal distortion in the ${\mathrm{MoS}}_{2}$ lattice. Based on this model, optical pumping effects are interpreted as being due to conversion of ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{3+}$ to ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{2+}$ via charge transfer following exciton decay. A search over a wide range of spectral wave number, magnetic field, and temperature has failed to reveal any "light mass" features attributable to free-carrier cyclotron resonance, interband, or hydrogenic impurity absorption. The presence of such absorption was implied by recent reports of exciton-associated magneto-oscillatory resonance, and related theoretical discussions. Interference fringes present in the transmission spectra of thicker samples have been used to obtain the value ${n}_{0}^{\ensuremath{\perp}}=3.96\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1$ for the normal component of the low-frequency refractive index at 4.5 K. Comparison with other values from the literature leads to a determination of the temperature coefficient, $(\frac{1}{{n}_{0}^{\ensuremath{\perp}}})\frac{{\mathrm{dn}}_{0}^{\ensuremath{\perp}}}{\mathrm{dT}}\ensuremath{\approx}2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ ${\mathrm{K}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. It is shown that electronic contributions apparently dominate the temperature dependence, whose sign and magnitude agree with that deduced from the known temperature dependence of the optical gap.
Thermomechanical Response Variability of Stiffened Composite Panels

A study is made of the variability of the response of stiffened composite panels, associated with variations in the major geometric and material parameters of the structures. The major parameters, which have the most effect on the response quantities of interest, are identified by using a hierarchical sensitivity analysis. The range of variation of the response is determined by using a fuzzy set analysis, with the major parameters treated as fuzzy parameters. Numerical results are presented showing the variability of the response of panels with both continuous and terminated stiffeners associated with variations in the micromechanical, effective layer, and geometric parameters. Both flat and curved panels are considered.
A Mediational Model of Social Physique Anxiety and Eating Disordered Behaviors

In the present study correlations among scores on social physique anxiety, social behavior inhibition, and eating disordered behaviors and traits were hypothesized on the basis that social physique...
Infant maternal separation impairs adult cognitive performance in BALB/cJ mice

Early life adversity, such as early abuse or parental loss, is thought to increase risk for developing psychiatric disorders in adulthood including mood and anxiety disorders. Human retrospective studies also suggest that early life adversity predicts poor response to antidepressants in adulthood. We used the infant maternal separation (IMS) paradigm to examine the effects of early adversity on adult emotional behavior, the antidepressant response, and cognitive performance in BALB/cJ mice. Mice were subjected to either standard facility rearing (SFR) or 3 h of daily separation from the dam from postnatal days 2–15. During adulthood, SFR and IMS mice received chronic treatment (∼3 weeks) with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) fluoxetine (18 mg/kg/day), and were assessed for anxiety- and depression-related behavior in the light/dark test and forced swim tests (FST), respectively. We then evaluated the effects of IMS on cognition in the fear conditioning, novel object recognition, and T-maze spatial learning and reversal learning tasks. Chronic fluoxetine treatment produced robust antidepressant effects in both SFR and IMS mice in the FST. IMS did not affect the antidepressant response, or emotional behavior in the light/dark test or FST. However, IMS reduced fear conditioning to the tone and context, disrupted novel object recognition in females, and impaired both spatial and reversal learning in males. Our findings suggest that IMS induces deficits in adult emotional, episodic, and spatial memory and reversal learning, but does not alter adult emotional behavior or the response to chronic SSRI treatment in mice.
A clinical strategy for differentiating the normally nonfluent child and the incipient stutterer

Abstract There are substantial funds of experimental and clinical data that bear on various aspects of the nonfluencies of young children, especially those diagnosed as stutterers. These data are critically examined as a means of identifying nonfluency characteristics that are peculiar to either incipient stutterers or normally nonfluent children. The behavioral features identified are incorporated into a simple clinical strategy that therapists can employ to differentiate between members of the two young speaker populations being considered. Examples of this strategy as it was applied in the evaluation of specific patients are presented.
Ameloblastoma in young persons: A clinicopathologic analysis and etiologic investigation

Ameloblastoma, an odontogenic tumor of ectodermal origin, has been reported to arise, on rare occasions, in a primordial or dentigerous cyst of a young person. Numerous authors have suggested differing nomenclatures for these ameloblastomas (e.g., mural, unicystic, monocystic, intracystic, cystogenic, cystic, plexiform unicystic) and have sought to describe and classify the clinical and histopathologic features. These tumors have been characterized as a distinct variant exhibiting less aggressive behavior and a lower rate of recurrence than conventional ameloblastoma. Furthermore, various etiologic factors have been proposed for these cystic ameloblastomas, including (1) nonspecific irritational factors such as extraction, caries, trauma, infection, inflammation, or tooth eruption; (2) nutritional deficit disorders, and (3) viral infection. The files of the combined accessioned cases of Emory University's and Temple University's oral pathology laboratories were searched and a review of the literature was performed. Thirty-eight cases of mandibular ameloblastoma (37 intraosseous, 1 peripheral) in persons 19-year-old and younger were found from a combined total of 311 accessioned cases of ameloblastoma (12.2%). The average age at diagnosis was 10.4 years for the 18 males and 20 females. Of the 33 cases in which race was stated, 19 (57.6%) were white and 14 (42.4%) were black. In the 28 cases in which a clinical diagnosis was offered, fifteen (53.6%) were thought to be dentigerous cysts. Ten cases from patients less than 19 years old were investigated by means of an immunohistochemical staining technique for the detection of human papilloma virus (HPV) genus-specific structural antigen in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue. Three of the ten cases (cases 31, 37 and 38) were positive for HPV capsid antigen, whereas none of ten randomly selected ameloblastomas in adults was positive. A discussion of the clinical and histopathologic comparative findings, with emphasis on treatment results and possible HPV etiology, is included. The preliminary nature of finding HPV in the tumor cells is stressed, with recommendation for further verification and typing with the more sensitive in situ hybridization technique.
The ‘carbide theory’ of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis in the light of the homogeneoys coordination chemistry

Summary Discrepancies in proposed reaction mechanism for the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis are discussed. A unified theory is suggested supporting the CO insertion mechanism for chain growth.
When Disruptive Approaches Meet Disruptive Technologies: Learning at a Distance.

Toward the end of creating educational programs that provide both success in and access to learning, continuing medical education is challenged to consider new perspectives on learning and the incorporation of instructional technologies for teaching.
A case study of the occupational stress implications of working with two different actuation/safety devices.

Abstract A case study was conducted using an automatic sphygmomanometer to compare the stress encountered by workers using two different machine actuation/safety devices. The experiment took place in a small metal stamping plant as part of a government authorised comparison of the devices. Six experienced female workers separately performed the same task on the same power presses using either a photo electronic or a two-hand button device. These two devices perform dual duty as both machine actuators and machine safeguards. Blood pressure at the ankle and heart rate were measured periodically and a questionnaire was administered. The case study approach to this experiment was necessitated by government restrictions which limit the population of workers experienced with both devices. The results of the case study are twofold: (1) For the small population tested no significant difference was found in the stress measures examined for machine operators; and (2) A feasible in-plant methodology is demonstrated for unobtrusively monitoring worker populations exposed to machine related stress.
Sex-specific dose-response analysis of genotoxicity in cyproterone acetate-treated F344 rats.

Abstract Cyproterone acetate (CPA), a synthetic hormonal drug, induces rat liver tumors in a sex-specific manner, with five-fold higher doses needed to induce liver tumors in male rats compared to females. In order to evaluate the potential of the in vivo alkaline Comet assay to predict the sex-specific carcinogenicity of CPA, CPA-induced direct DNA damage (DNA strand breaks and alkali-labile sites) were evaluated in the livers of both male and female F344 rats. In addition, secondary oxidative DNA damage was measured concurrently utilizing the human 8-oxoguanine-DNA-N-glycosylase (hOGG1) and EndonucleaseIII (EndoIII)-modified in vivo alkaline Comet assays and the reticulocyte micronucleus (MN) frequency was analyzed in peripheral blood. Groups of 5 seven-week-old male and female F344 rats received olive oil or 10, 25, 50 or 100 mg/kg bw CPA in olive oil by gavage at 0, 24, and 45 h and were sacrificed at 48 h. CPA-induced direct DNA damage in rat liver showed the same sex-specific pattern as its hepatotumorigenicity: a five-fold-higher dose of CPA was needed to induce a statistically significant increase in direct DNA damage in livers of males compared to females. However, peripheral blood MN frequency was weak in both sexes and CPA-induced oxidative DNA damage was generally greater in male than female rat livers. Taken together, our results demonstrate concordance in the sex-specificity of CPA in the in vivo alkaline Comet assay and cancer bioassay, while the induction of oxidative DNA damage by CPA was not directly correlated with its tumorigenicity.
Effect of magnetic resonance imaging on internal magnet strength in Med-El Combi 40+ cochlear implants.

Objective: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been contraindicated when cochlear implants containing an internal magnet are in place because of concerns regarding torque, force, demagnetization, artifacts, induced voltages, and heating. The objective was to determine the magnetic field strength of Med-El Combi 40 cochlear implant internal magnets after MRI studies. Study Design/Methods: Two fresh cadavers were used to study demagnetization using a repeated measures design and a magnetometer. Preand postMRI measurement of magnetic field strength was completed. Five sets of sagittal T1-weighted, axial T1-weighted, and axial T2-weighted sequences were performed on a cadaver at 0.2 Tesla in the device-up and device-down positions. In the other cadaver, 15 sets of sagittal T1-weighted, axial T1-weighted, and axial T2-weighted sequences were performed on a cadaver at 1.5 Tesla were conducted, 5 each with the head oriented at 80, 90, and 100 degrees rotated around the yaw plane (rotated around the z-axis). Subsequently, three cochlear implant patients completed 0.2 Tesla MRIs. For these patients, subjective and objective assessment of cochlear implant performance was performed. Setting: Academic medical center. Results: In the cadaver studies, analysis of variance showed no significant difference in the magnetic field strength after the 0.2 or 1.5 Tesla scans. There was no significant difference in the magnetic field strength for the three patients undergoing 0.2 Tesla MRIs and no adverse consequences, including no changes in telemetry, auditory sensations, nonauditory sensations, and sound quality. Conclusions: No significant demagnetization of the internal magnet occurred during repeated 1.5 Tesla MRI scans with the head orientations used in this study. In the cochlear implant patients, no significant demagnetization of the internal magnet occurred after a 0.2 Tesla MRI. Key Words: Cochlear implant, complications, demagnetization, magnet, MRI. Laryngoscope, 114:1355–1361, 2004
Dynamic DNA methylation patterns across the mouse and human IL10 genes during CD4+ T cell activation; influence of IL-27.

IL-10 plays a critical role in controlling inflammation and the anti-inflammatory functions of IL-10 are regulated based on its coordinated expression from various cellular sources, most notably T cells. Although nearly all CD4+ subpopulations can express IL-10, surprisingly little is known about the molecular mechanisms which control IL-10 induction, particularly in humans. To examine the regulation of human IL-10 expression, we created the hIL10BAC transgenic mouse. As previously reported, we observed conservation of myeloid-derived IL-10 expression but found that human IL-10 was only weakly expressed in splenic CD4+ T cells from hIL10BAC mice. Since DNA methylation is an important determinant of gene expression profiles, we assessed the patterns of DNA methylation in the human and mouse IL10 genes in naive and activated CD4+ T cells. Across mouse and human IL10 there were no obvious patterns of CpG methylation in naive CD4+ T cells following polyclonal activation. Overall however, the human IL10 gene had significantly higher levels of DNA methylation. Interestingly, coculture with the IL-10-inducing cytokine IL-27 lead to a site-specific reduction in methylation of the mouse but not human IL10 gene. Demethylation was specifically localized to an intronic site adjacent to a known regulatory region. Our findings indicate that while the mouse and human IL10 genes undergo variable changes in DNA methylation during CD4+ T cell activation, IL-27 appears to influence DNA methylation in a particular intronic region thus associating with IL-10 expression.
Incentive Shifts in Children as They Relate to the Crespi Effect

AbstractThe depression effect (4) was studied in fifth and sixth grade children from a middle-class public elementary school. Their ages ranged from 10 years and 7 months to 13 years and 4 months, with a mean age of 11.56 years. Two classes, each with 24 students, were randomly assigned to the control or experimental condition. Both groups were administered a set of simple arithmetic problems for 10 consecutive school days. They were given 60 seconds to complete as many of the problems as they could. After each trial the control group received beans as a reward with little incentive value. The experimental group received bubble gum, a high incentive, for half the trials, then were shifted to beans for the other half. It was expected that, in accordance with Crespi’s results (4), the experimental group would perform higher than the control group while receiving bubble gum and lower than the control group while receiving beans. However, neither analysis of variance nor f tests revealed a significant differe...
Transforming signals with chaotic synchronization.

We introduce a general technique to alter the properties of chaotic signals used with coupled chaotic systems. The changes we introduce allow one to vary the synchronization properties of synchronized chaotic circuits, synchronize chaotic systems that do not otherwise synchronize, vary the spectral properties of chaotic signals, and produce a variety of chaotic signals from one chaotic circuit. The transformations we study could potentially aid designers of synchronous chaotic circuits, as it is far easier to design new transformations than to design new chaotic circuits. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Shape and size of virgin ultrahigh molecular weight GUR 4150 HP polyethylene powder.

Abstract Sizes and shapes of micron- and submicron-sized structures in four lots of virgin GUR 4150 HP ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene powder were determined by using low-voltage scanning electron microscopy and image analysis. One thousand two hundred micron-sized virgin powder particles and 1200 of their constituent submicron-sized structures were analyzed. The mean maximum diameter of the micron-sized particles was 81.3 microns, and that of the submicron-sized particles was 0.82 micron. Particle shapes, as determined by the aspect ratio (maximum diameter divided by minimum diameter), were remarkably consistent from lot to lot and between micron- and submicron-sized particles (1.55 versus 1.53, respectively). Significant lot to lot variability was observed in the sizes of the micron-sized particles, and the size distribution of the submicron-sized particles closely follows the size distribution of the submicron-sized particles observed in tissue retrievals. This variability leads to questions about variability in polyethylene quality and in vivo wear performance. Size similarity between the submicron-sized particles retrieved from tissues and that observed in virgin powder supports the hypothesis that polyethylene debris has two origins: particles released from structures retained from the virgin powder, and particles generated de novo by friction and wear.
Exclusionary manipulation of markets for pollution rights

Abstract Strategic price manipulation can affect the distribution of transferable pollution rights across polluters and the efficiency of pollution control efforts. Prior research has concentrated on market manipulation by firms seeking only to minimize the sum of pollution rights costs and pollution abatement costs. In this paper we explore the potential for the exclusionary manipulation of pollution permit markets, intended to drive up the costs of one's rivals, and we distinguish between the resource allocation effects of exclusionary manipulation and cost-minimizing manipulation. We find that exclusionary manipulation can sometimes worsen and sometimes ameliorate the abatement inefficiency which occurs under cost-minimizing manipulation, and that an overbuying rule can obviate or at least limit damages from this form of strategic behavior.
The Sterols and Fatty Acids of Delphinium denudatum Roots

The content and composition of sterols and fatty acids of Delphinium denudatum roots, which are used in the Indian Unani system of medicine, were determined. The sterols were composed almost entirely of campesterol, stigmasterol and sitosterol. Trace amounts of cholesterol and Δ5-avenasterol were also detected. Characteristic higher plant fatty acids were also present. Sterine und Fettsauren der Wurzeln von Delphinium denudatum Es wurde die Menge und die Zusammensetzung von Sterinen und Fettsauren der Wurzeln von Delphinium denudatum bestimmt, die in dem Indian Unani System of Medicine verwendet werden. Die Sterine bestehen fast vollstandig aus Campesterin, Stigmasterin und Sitosterin, Spuren von Cholesterin und Δ5-Avenasterin wurden auch nachgewiesen. Die charakteristischen Fettsauren hohere Pflanzen waren ebenfalls vorhanden.
Isolated vertical fracture through the anterior atlas arch: A previously unreported fracture

Vertical linear lucencies through the atlas may be due to congenital clefts or fractures. We report a case of an isolated midline vertical fracture through the anterior atlas arch. The absence of corticated fracture margins on computed tomography distinguished this fracture from a congenital cleft. In similar cases, computed tomography is recommended to identify fractures that might other-wise be dismissed as congenital clefts.
Pseudomembranous enterocolitis in infancy

Summary Ten cases of pseudomembranous enterocolitis are presented which represent twelve years of autopsy experience at the Denver Children's Hospital. The clinical and pathologic findings of the ten cases are analyzed and a discussion of etiological and associated factors is presented. An approach to the diagnosis and therapy of this condition in infancy is suggested on the basis of facts revealed by this study and the experience of other authors.
Crosswell methods: Where are we, where are we going?

This special issue on crosswell methods was constructed in response to the large number of crosswell papers submitted during 1993 and 1994. The editorial staff felt that rather than distributing these papers throughout the year the society would be better served by having an archival volume composed completely of crosswell-related papers. This was not a publicly solicited issue, and we undoubtedly did not receive some excellent papers that may have been submitted with a public solicitation. Nevertheless, we feel that this volume is an excellent snapshot of crosswell technology as it stood in 1993-1994.
Frequency scaling of microwave conductivity in the integer quantum Hall effect minima

We measure the longitudinal conductivity {sigma}{sub xx} at frequencies 1.246 GHz{ >{sigma}{sub xx}{sup dc}. The width of this scaling region decreases with higher temperature and vanishes by 1.2 K altogether. Comparison between localization length determined from {sigma}{sub xx}({omega}) and dc measurements on the same wafer show good agreement.
Evaluation of normalized energy recovery (NER) in microbial fuel cells affected by reactor dimensions and substrates.

The objective of this study is to provide an initial evaluation of normalized energy recovery (NER – a new parameter for presenting energy performance) in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) through investigation of the effects of reactor dimensions and anode substrates. Although the larger-size MFCs generally have lower maximum power densities, their maximum NER is comparable to that of the smaller MFCs at the same anolyte flow rate. The mixed messages obtained from the MFC size tests suggest that MFCs can be further scaled up without decreasing energy recovery under certain conditions. The low-strength substrates seem to be more suitable for MFC treatment of wastewater, in terms of both energy recovery and organic removal. However, because the MFCs could not achieve the maximum NER and the maximum organic removal efficiency at the same time, one must determine a major goal for MFCs treating wastewater between energy recovery and contaminant removal.
The political economy of customs and culture : informal solutions to the commons problem

Chapter 1 Faciliting Cross Disciplinary Understanding of the Commons Chapter 2 Property-Rights Regimes and Natural Resources: A Conceptual Analysis Chapter 3 The Tragicomedy of the Commons Chapter 4 Contracting into the Commons Chapter 5 Capturing the Commons: Legal and Illegal Strategies Chapter 6 The Political Economy of Changing Property Rights: Dismantling a Kenyan Commons Chapter 7 Analyzing Institutional Successes and Failure: A Millennium of Common Mountain Pastures in Iceland Chapter 8 Covenants With and Without a Sword: Self-Enforcement is Possible Chapter 9 Economic Principle in the Emergence of Humankind
Determination of (4-methylcyclohexyl)methanol isomers by heated purge-and-trap GC/MS in water samples from the 2014 Elk River, West Virginia, chemical spill

Abstract A heated purge-and-trap gas chromatography/mass spectrometry method was used to determine the cis- and trans-isomers of (4-methylcyclohexyl)methanol (4-MCHM), the reported major component of the Crude MCHM/Dowanol™ PPh glycol ether material spilled into the Elk River upriver from Charleston, West Virginia, on January 9, 2014. The trans-isomer eluted first and method detection limits were 0.16-μg L−1 trans-, 0.28-μg L−1 cis-, and 0.4-μg L−1 Total (total response of isomers) 4-MCHM. Estimated concentrations in the spill source material were 491-g L−1 trans- and 277-g L−1 cis-4-MCHM, the sum constituting 84% of the source material assuming its density equaled 4-MCHM. Elk River samples collected ⩽ 3.2 km downriver from the spill on January 15 had low (⩽2.9 μg L−1 Total) 4-MCHM concentrations, whereas the isomers were not detected in samples collected 2 d earlier at the same sites. Similar 4-MCHM concentrations (range 4.2–5.5 μg L−1 Total) occurred for samples of the Ohio River at Louisville, Kentucky, on January 17, ∼630 km downriver from the spill. Total 4-MCHM concentrations in Charleston, WV, office tap water decreased from 129 μg L−1 on January 27 to 2.2 μg L−1 on February 3, but remained detectable in tap samples through final collection on February 25 indicating some persistence of 4-MCHM within the water distribution system. One isomer of methyl 4-methylcyclohexanecarboxylate was detected in all Ohio River and tap water samples, and both isomers were detected in the source material spilled.
Sigma receptors suppress multiple aspects of microglial activation.

During brain injury, microglia become activated and migrate to areas of degenerating neurons. These microglia release proinflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species causing additional neuronal death. Microglia express high levels of sigma receptors, however, the function of these receptors in microglia and how they may affect the activation of these cells remain poorly understood. Using primary rat microglial cultures, it was found that sigma receptor activation suppresses the ability of microglia to rearrange their actin cytoskeleton, migrate, and release cytokines in response to the activators adenosine triphosphate (ATP), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Next, the role of sigma receptors in the regulation of calcium signaling during microglial activation was explored. Calcium fluorometry experiments in vitro show that stimulation of sigma receptors suppressed both transient and sustained intracellular calcium elevations associated with the microglial response to these activators. Further experiments showed that sigma receptors suppress microglial activation by interfering with increases in intracellular calcium. In addition, sigma receptor activation also prevented membrane ruffling in a calcium-independent manner, indicating that sigma receptors regulate the function of microglia via multiple mechanisms. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The method of estimating delay in switching circuits and the figure of merit of a switching transistor

A simple method of estimating delay in a switching network is outlined. The simplicity of formulas thus obtained makes them readily applicable for circuit comparisons or device optimization purposes. It is shown that a term involving the product of base resistance and diffusion capacitance forms a major limitation on high-speed, voltage-driven circuits. This method is applicable to a general class of switching problems.
Characterization of a Marker of Differentiation for Tracheal Ciliated Cells Independent of Ciliation

Although morphologic features have been used to follow cell lineage and differentiation, an objective assessment of differentiation can be best established by characterizing the expression of specific proteins that form the phenotypic profile of differentiated cells. Thus, specific markers or probes are required to unequivocally identify the various types of cells resulting from differentiation in a cell lineage. We report characterization of an IgM monoclonal antibody (5B4/H3), which recognized a surface antigen of approximately 130 kD unique to ciliated cells. The antibody reacted with the lumenal surface of the ciliated cells in transmission electron micrographs, in immunohistochemical staining of tracheal sections, and in cultured monolayers of tracheal epithelial cells. Flow cytometry, performed on enzymatically dispersed tracheal epithelial cells tagged with 5B4/H3 and fluorescent-labeled goat anti-mouse IgA/IgG/IgM, produced a population of fluorescent ciliated cells and a mixed nonfluorescent, nonciliated cell population. Ciliated cells were followed in vitro by time-lapse video microscopy for 48 to 72 h. Some of the ciliated cells lost their cilia under these culture conditions, but these cells were still found to react with the 5B4/H3 antibody. The antigen detected by this antibody remained on the surface of the cells after they lost their cilia. These results indicate that 5B4/H3 recognized a cell surface antigen that is specific to the ciliated cells and is independent of cell morphology. This marker will be useful in tissue culture studies of airway epithelial lineage, or differentiation, in which cell morphology is variable and cannot be used as a reliable marker of differentiation.
Bilateral ureteral obstruction as a complication of vascular graft surgery.

Abstract Three cases of bilateral ureteral obstruction subsequent to aortic femoral bypass surgery are presented, with a discussion of the cause and prevention of this complication.
The equilibrium morphology of WC particles – A combined ab initio and experimental study

Abstract We report an ab initio density functional theory study, complemented by parallel experimental work, of the equilibrium shape of WC particles. The equilibrium shape is simulated under the condition of little or no liquid-phase sintering. The effects of the carbon-rich and carbon-deficient conditions and the adsorption of Co and Ni atoms on the surface of WC particles are investigated. The equilibrium shape of WC particles is found to be a truncated triangular prism under both carbon-rich and carbon-deficient conditions. The adsorption of Co and Ni on the WC surface can promote the formation of either truncated triangular prisms or near-hexagonal prisms, depending on their specific combination with the carbon chemical potential. Under all the conditions investigated, the equilibrium shapes of WC crystals can be described as “bulky” rather than “plate-like”. The findings in this study are consistent with the experimental observations.
Modification of morphine-induced analgesia and toxicity by pertussis toxin.

The present study evaluates the effect of pertussis toxin (PTX) on morphine-induced analgesia and lethality. Mice were injected with 0.2 microgram PTX intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) and 0.2 micrograms PTX intrathecally (i.t.) or saline. Mice were tested for morphine-induced analgesia (tail flick) and lethality 16 days later; mice were also examined for pentobarbital-induced mortality. Morphine analgesic potency was decreased by approximately 4-fold in PTX-treated mice compared to controls. Conversely, the lethal potency of morphine was increased by 10-fold in PTX-treated mice compared to controls. PTX treatment did not alter the lethal potency of pentobarbital. Morphine-induced analgesia and lethality were dose-dependently antagonized by naloxone in both PTX and saline-treated groups. The results of this study suggest that morphine analgesia is mediated through PTX-sensitive G proteins. On the other hand, morphine-induced lethality appears to be limited by PTX-sensitive factor(s) since PTX treatment enhanced morphine's lethal potency. The increase in lethal potency of morphine may be due to unmasking of an excitatory opioid receptor mediated effect by PTX.
Minimum inhibitory concentrations of selected antimicrobial agents for Moraxella bovoculi associated with infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis

Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) has been associated with ocular infections by Moraxella bovis, the established etiologic agent of IBK, and more recently, Moraxella bovoculi, a recently described species of Moraxella. To assist in designing rational treatment regimens for M. bovoculi infections associated with IBK, the in vitro susceptibilities of 57 M. bovoculi field isolates cultured from eyes of cattle with IBK in California from 2002 through 2007 were determined. The minimum inhibitory concentration required to inhibit the growth of 90% of organisms (MIC90) of the following 18 antibiotics tested in the present study were: danofloxacin and enrofloxacin: ≤0.12 µg/ml; ampicillin and ceftiofur: ≤0.25 µg/ml; penicillin: 0.25 µg/ml; gentamicin: ≤1 µg/ml; chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, and tiamulin: 1 µg/ml; florfenicol: 0.5 µg/ml; trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole: ≤2/38 µg/ml; clindamycin: 2 µg/ml; neomycin and tilmicosin: ≤4 µg/ml; tulathromycin: 4 µg/ml; spectinomycin and tylosin: 16 µg/ml; ...
High rate of bilaterality in internal auditory canal metastases.

Abstract Purpose Presentation of three cases of metastatic carcinoma to the internal auditory canal bilaterally, as well as a systematic review of the literature regarding the characteristics of these lesions. Materials and methods Using a MEDLINE Ovid search (1946–2015), we identified and reviewed 102 cases of metastatic carcinoma to the internal auditory canal. Metrics recorded include: patient age, sex, tumor type, laterality, past oncologic history, co-occurring metastatic sites, clinical findings, radiographic findings, therapy received, and outcome. Cases of unilateral versus bilateral IAC were compared. Results Remarkably, 52.9% reported cases of internal auditory canal metastases have bilateral occurrence. The most common primary tumor sites for internal auditory canal metastases were lung (21.2%), skin (18.6%), and breast (16.7%), with lung and skin cancers having the highest rates of bilateral metastasis. Meningeal metastasis occurred at a much higher rate in bilateral cases (47.2%) versus unilateral cases (8.5%). Brain parenchymal metastasis also occurred at a higher rate in bilateral cases (38.2%) versus unilateral cases (19.2%). Outcomes for cases of internal auditory canal metastases are generally poor, with 56.3% of unilateral cases and 86.1% of bilateral cases reporting patient death within 5 years from diagnosis. Conclusions In cases of internal auditory canal metastasis, clinicians should carefully assess for not only contralateral disease but also additional metastatic disease of the central nervous system. Rapid-onset hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo, or facial palsy should raise suspicion for internal auditory canal metastasis, particularly in patients with a known oncologic history.
Genetic variation at allozyme and RAPD markers in Pinus longaeva (Pinaceae) of the White Mountains, California.

We compared genetic diversity estimated from allozymes and from random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPDs) in a sample of 210 Great Basin bristlecone pines (Pinus longaeva Bailey) from three groves in the White Mountains, California, USA. The White Mountains are the most westerly extension of bristlecone pine and home to the oldest known living trees. We assayed two forks of each tree to determine whether they originated from multiple seed caches of the Clark’s nutcracker. Despite the limited and fragmented distribution of bristlecone pine, its level of genetic diversity was comparable to that of other pines, but lower than that reported for eastern populations of Great Basin bristlecone pine. Twenty-six of 36 allozymes were polymorphic (p95 5 38.9%; p 5 63.0%), with observed heterozygosity (Ho) of 0.122 and expected heterozygosity (He) of 0.134. The proportion of the total variation among populations (GST) was only 0.011. The high proportion of trees with multiple stems was not due to germination in seed caches; only six of 210 forked trees had multiple allozyme genotypes. Of the 42 RAPD loci scored, 27 were monomorphic. Genetic diversity for RAPDs was nearly the same as that for allozymes (p95 5 34.1%, He 5 0.130). However, the estimates of diversity and differentiation were much higher (He 5 0.321, GST 5 0.039) after excluding monomorphic loci. Few studies have compared estimates of genetic diversity and genetic structure from the same sample using both allozymes and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), and more comparisons are needed to draw definitive conclusions regarding the relative merits of these two markers, particularly in highly heterozygous forest trees. Great Basin bristlecone pine (Pinus longaeva Bailey) would be an especially interesting species for such a comparison because estimates of genetic diversity in the species are the highest ever reported in the well-studied genus Pinus (Hiebert and Hamrick, 1983; Ledig, 1998). Furthermore, genetic diversity of bristlecone pine in the White Mountains, at the western extreme of the species’ range (Fig. 1), is an unknown quantity, and these groves contain the oldest known living trees, some in excess of 4500 yr old (Schulman, 1958). In addition to the intrinsic interest of ancient bristlecone pine, it has been suggested that the high frequency of multistemmed trees in the White Mountains, USA, is a result of seed caches by Clark’s nutcracker ( Nucifraga columbiana), and seed caching would be critical to the genetic structure of the species. Because allozymes and RAPDs each have advantages and disadvantages as markers for genetic variation, the comparison of the two applied to the same set of samples would indicate whether genetic parameters estimated by one were comparable 1
Is all cortical bone remodeling initiated by microdamage

There is increasing interest in the degree to which bone remodeling, particularly in cortical bone, is “targeted” at fatigue microdamage. The theory that microdamage initiates remodeling in close proximity to microcracks, thereby removing them, and that this accounts for a significant fraction of the overall remodeling activity, has been gaining acceptance. However, the association between the initial, resorptive stage of remodeling and microcracks in histologic sections of cortical bone is far from complete; indeed, the great majority of resorption spaces are not spatially associated with microcracks. This observation has maintained support for the older concept that most remodeling occurs primarily for such metabolic purposes as calcium homeostasis. To gain further insight regarding the degree to which microdamage governs remodeling, this study presents a mathematical analysis based on the unorthodox hypothesis that all cortical bone remodeling is initiated by, and in close proximity to, microcracks. Equations are derived showing that, because remodeling basic multicellular units (BMUs) travel several millimeters beyond their point of initiation, the relative numbers of resorption spaces and microcracks found in close spatial proximity or isolated from one another are consistent with the hypothesis. The results also predict the degree to which the spatial association between resorption spaces and microcracks should exceed that due to chance alone. There are as yet very limited experimental data suitable for testing this model, but the existing data closely correspond to the model’s predictions.
Relation of intracellular Ca2+ to retention of K+ by liver slices.

CALCIUM ions are necessary for the maintenance of the normal, low permeability of cell plasma membranes1–3: if animal cells are incubated in media free of Ca2+ the passive permeability of the membranes increases, and the cells are unable to maintain their normal concentration gradients of K+ and Na+ (refs. 4, 5). Recent work has suggested, however, that a raised level of intracellular Ca2+ specifically increases the passive permeability of erythrocyte membranes to K+. Liver cells possess an energy dependent mechanism which can bring about the net extrusion of Ca2+ that has accumulated during incubation at 1° C (refs. 7, 8). It was therefore of interest to examine the relationship between the lowering of intracellular Ca2+ thus produced and the accompanying recovery of the K+ and Na+ composition of the cells.
Results on input-to-state stability for hybrid systems

We show that, like continuous-time systems, zero-input locally asymptotically stable hybrid systems are locally input-to-state-stable (LISS). We demonstrate by examples that, unlike continuous-time systems, zero-input locally exponentially stable hybrid systems may not be LISS with linear gain, input-to-state stable (ISS) hybrid systems may not admit any ISS Lyapunov function, and nonuniform ISS hybrid systems may not be (uniformly) ISS. We then provide a strengthened ISS condition as an equivalence to the existence of an ISS Lyapunov function for hybrid systems. This strengthened condition reduces to standard ISS for continuous-time and discrete-time systems. Finally under some other assumptions we establish the equivalence among ISS, several asymptotic characterizations of ISS, and the existence of an ISS Lyapunov function for hybrid systems.
Low-power spike-mode silicon neuron for capacitive sensing of a biosensor

Neuromorphic computation promises to be an energy-efficient information processing technique both for the biological and the real-world environments. In this paper a novel structure of silicon neuron has been designed for measuring the variation of a sensor capacitance. The current-reuse technique and the subthreshold region operation of MOSFETs help achieving ultra-low-power consumption. The proposed silicon neuron is designed and simulated in 0.13-μm standard CMOS technology. The entire unit consists of 43 transistors and consumes only 33 nW with a supply voltage of 1 V. The output frequency is proportional to the variation of the sensor capacitance.
Democracy in Senegal: Tocquevillian Analytics in Africa

Democracy in Senegal: Tocquevillian Analytics in Africa. By Sheldon Gellar. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005. 256p. 26.95 paper.What can Alexis de Tocqueville's analysis of democracy in America and France contribute to our understanding of African democratic transitions? For Sheldon Gellar, the answer is “much.” In this book, Gellar uses Tocqueville's methods of inquiry to analyze Senegal's democratic experience. To do this, he emphasizes the historic, cultural, institutional, and environmental factors that have shaped Senegal's political path from the precolonial period to the present. He concludes that Senegal's foundations for democracy have gradually been strengthened and that the “prospects for democracy there look reasonably good” (p. 172).
Node duplication and routing algorithms for quantum-dot cellular automata circuits

Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is a novel computing mechanism that can represent binary information based on the spatial distribution of electron charge configuration in chemical molecules. QCA circuit layout is currently restricted to a single layer with very limited number of wire crossings permitted. Thus, wire crossing minimisation is crucial in improving the manufacturability of QCA circuits. We present the first QCA node duplication and routing algorithms for wire crossing minimisation. Our duplication algorithm named fan-out tolerance duplication (FTD) explores node duplication in conjunction with node placement using K-layered bipartite graphs (KLBG). FTD successfully removes additional crossings at the cost of increased area and allows flexible tradeoff between area and wire crossing. Our routing algorithm, namely cycle breaker (CB), constructs a modified vertical constraint graph (VCG) to enforce additional vertical relation for wire crossing reduction. We formulate and provide a heuristic solution for the weighted minimum feedback edge set problem to effectively remove cycles from the VCG. As a result, FTD and CB achieve wire crossing results that are very close to theoretical lower bound and outperform the conventional algorithms significantly.
Multiple Commitments Upon Repatriation: The Japanese Experience

Building on the domestic multiple commitment literature, recent international research found that upon repatriation, U.S. expatriates exhibited dual commitments to the parent corporation and local work unit. These results, however, may have been a function of specific cultural values of American managers and may not be generalizable to other samples. Thus, this study examines theoretically and empirically the degree to which Japanese expatriates returning home from international assignments exhibit single or dual commitments; it also analyzes the antecedents of such commitments upon repatriation. Initially, factor analysis indicated that in contrast to U.S. repatriates, Japanese repatriates in this study exhibited a single, global commitment to the organization. Next, multiple regression analysis found that a firm’s valuing international experience was the primary correlate of organizational commitment for Japanese repatriates. Finally, this study’s results raise important questions about the generalizabi...
Clinical evaluation and surgical options in acetabular reconstruction: A literature review

The purpose of this paper is to review the clinical indications for acetabular reconstruction in patients with underlying peri-prosthetic segmental and cavitary defects, evaluate steps in pre-operative planning, and present the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) and Paprosky classification systems to categorize acetabular defects. We also present a review of the current surgical techniques to reconstruct the acetabular socket which includes a cementless acetabular component with morselized bone, structural allograft, jumbo and oblong cups, reinforcement rings, bone cages, custom triflange acetabular constructs, and trabecular metal components.
Content caching in small cells with optimized uplink and caching power

Traditional wireless networks mainly rely on macro cell deployments, meanwhile with the advances in forth generation networks, the recent architectures of LTE and LTE-A support Heterogeneous Networks (HetNets) that employ a mix of macro and small cells. Small cells aim at increasing coverage and capacity. Coverage both at cell edges and indoor environments can be significantly improved by relays and small cells. Capacity is inherently limited because of the limited spectrum, and although 4G wireless networks have been able to provide a considerable amount of increase in capacity, it has always been challenging to keep up with the growing user demands. In particular, the high volume of traffic resulting from video uploads or downloads is the major reason for the ever growing user demand. In the Internet, content caching at locations closer to the users have been a successful approach to enhance resource utilization. Very recently, content caching within the wireless network has been considered for 4G networks. In this paper, we propose an Integer Linear Programming (ILP)-based energy-efficient content placement approach for small cells. The proposed model, namely minimize Uplink Power and Caching Power (minUPCA), jointly minimizes uplink and caching powers. We compare the performance of minUPCA with a scheme that only aims to minimize uplink power. Our results show that minUPCA provides a compromise between the uplink energy budget of the User Equipment (UE) and the caching energy budget of the Small Cell Base Station (SCBS).