cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Emily Dickinson and the art of belief

Named an "Outstanding Academic Book" by Choice when it was published in 1998, Emily Dickinson and the Art of Belief has since been widely recognized as one of the finest biographies of the great American poet. This superb work by Roger Lundin is now available in a revised edition that, in addition to incorporating text updates, aligns all citations of Dickinson's poems with the newly established standard edition of Dickinson's writing. Lundin looks chronologically at Dickinson's life, paying special attention to her experience of faith. He skillfully relates her personal development -- as it can be charted through her poems and letters -- to nineteenth-century American political, social, religious, and intellectual history. Series: Library of Religious Biography Series Editors: Mark A. Noll (series editor), Nathan O. Hatch (series editor), Allen C. Guelzo (series editor) The Library of Religious Biography is a series of original biographies on important religious figures throughout American and British history. The authors are well-known historians, each a recognized authority in the period of religious history in which his or her subject lived and worked. Grounded in solid research of both published and archival sources, these volumes link the lives of their subjects -- not always thought of as "religious" persons -- to the broader cultural contexts and religious issues that surrounded them. Each volume includes a bibliographical essay and an index to serve the needs of students, teachers, and researchers. Marked by careful scholarship yet free of footnotes and academic jargon, the books in this series are well-written narratives meant to be read and enjoyed as well as studied. Titles in this Series: Aimee Semple McPherson: Everybody's Sister Blaise Pascal: Reasons of the Heart Charles G. Finney and the Spirit of American Evangelicalism The Divine Dramatist: George Whitefield and the Rise of Modern Evangelicalism Emily Dickinson and the Art of Belief Occupy until I Come: A. T. Pierson and the Evangelization of the World The Puritan as Yankee: A Life of Horace Bushnell Sworn on the Altar of God: A Religious Biography of Thomas Jefferson Thomas Merton and the Monastic Vision William Ewart Gladstone: Faith and Politics in Victorian Britain
AN EXPERIMENTAL COMPARISON OF SCREECH OWL PREDATION ON RESIDENT AND TRANSIENT WHITE-FOOTED MICE (PEROMYSCUS LEUCOPUS)

The relative intensity of screech owl predation on resident and transient white-footed mice was determined in a laboratory situation. Pairs of mice were exposed to the owl for 2-30 min. One of each pair had spent several days preceding the experiment in the test environment (resident), and the other had no prior experience there (transient). A significant difference in predation rates was demonstrated, transient mice being taken more frequently than residents. These results support the idea that possession of a familiar home range confers a consider- able advantage since transient mice are subject to greater danger from predation. The cause of mortality in small mammal populations is frequently unknown, although aggressive encounters, disease, starvation, temperature stress, and predation are considered potentially important (Blair, 1953; Burt, 1940; Chitty, 1958, 1960; Christian, 1961; Errington, 1946; Howard, 1949; Pearson, 1964; Pitelka, 1957). This study deals with the predator-prey relationship between the screech owl (Otus asio) and the white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leu- copus). Live-trapping studies of white-footed mice have indicated that while most mice know the terrain well and will rapidly take refuge when released, a few others move less adeptly (Burt, 1940; Metzgar, unpublished data). If the former are residents with established home ranges, and the latter are wander- ing or transient mice, transients may be preyed upon more readily than resi- dents. With the elimination of transients, the survivors would become progres- sively more difficult to capture, and predators would leave the established breeding population relatively untouched. The following laboratory experi- ment was designed to test the relative rates of predation on white-footed mice conditioned in such a way as to be analogous to residents and transients. I am indebted to Dr. F. C. Evans for his encouragement and numerous suggestions. He and Dr. Stephen T. Emlen read the manuscript. Mr. David Ligon kindly donated his screech owl, and Mr. Richard Hill gave much valu- able statistical advice. The work was done at The University of Michigan Museum of Zoology where facilities of the Bird Division were made available by Dr. H. B. Tordoff. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two adult white-footed mice, only one of which was familiar with the test area, were simultaneously exposed to a gray-phase screech owl that had been hand raised from a nestling. The mice were wild-caught in southern Michigan, toe-clipped or ear-punched for identification, and kept in the laboratory for 1 to 12 weeks in 20 X 30 cm box cages. The owl was maintained in a 1 X 1 X 2 m cage and was denied food for 24 hrs before each test.
The Marketization of Education: Public Schools for Private Ends

This article argues that the neoliberal renaissance of the 1980s marketized education, with distinctly negative social consequences. We examine the emergence and promotion of a national-level discourse that positioned schools in the service of the economy. Based on ethnographic research conducted in North Carolina, we then show how local growth elite utilized this discourse to further their own race and class interests to the exclusion and detriment of poorer, African American parents and students. We suggest that ethnographic studies of policy formation help to socially and historically contextualize contemporary debates and denaturalize unwarranted assumptions about the public good.
Forage Yield of Smooth Bromegrass Collections from Rural Cemeteries

Smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss) is poorly adapted to management-intensive rotational grazing because of slow and limited regrowth potential. In an effort to discover germplasm with tolerance to frequent cutting, smooth bromegrass plants were collected from fence and sod habitats of 30 rural cemeteries in Iowa, Minnesota, and Wisconsin. The objective of this study was to quantify, describe, and test the responses of paired fence and sod populations to different harvest frequencies. Thirty sod populations, 30 fence populations, and five cultivars were evaluated for season-total forage yield and regrowth percentage at Arlington, WI, and Ames, IA. Three harvest managements were used, with mean harvest frequencies of four, five, or six harvests over 2002 and 2003. Fence populations had an average forage yield 5.5% higher than sod populations, a difference that was fairly consistent across harvest managements, test locations, and state of origin. Variation in linear responses to harvest management made up 65 and 77% of the harvest management x population interaction for forage yield and regrowth percentage, respectively. For seven cemetery sites, the sod population was better adapted than the fence population to a more frequent harvest management, as measured by a more stable response to harvest frequency (-2.02 ± 0.10 vs. -2.67 ± 0.12 Mg ha -1 harvest -1 ). For nine cemetery sites, the sod population had a higher increase in regrowth percentage with increased harvest frequency (15.8 ± 0.5 vs. 11.9 ± 0.7% units harvest -1 ). Smooth bromegrass germplasm from some cemetery sods appears to have potential value for developing tolerance to frequent defoliation.
Prevalence of diabetes in Chinese adults.

Dr Xu and colleagues1 estimated the prevalence of diabetes among a representative sample of Chinese adults at 11.6% and the prevalence of prediabetes at 50.1%. According to the Chinese National Nutrition and Health Survey (CNNHS) in 2002,2 the prevalence of diabetes was 2.6% among Chinese adults. Although the difference in the prevalence of diabetes might be partly explained by an increase in diabetes during the 8 years between the studies, we question the current diabetes prevalence among Chinese adults.
Temperature-dependent behaviours and cluster formation by aggregating ladybird beetles

Abstract At their winter aggregation sites, convergent ladybird beetles, Hippodamia convergens (Coccinellidae), become active during snow-free days but form dense clusters in protected microhabitats at night. This daily dispersal and nightly reformation of clusters is correlated with two temperature-sensitive behaviours. Laboratory experiments demonstrated that ladybird beetles become photopositive as the temperature in a controlled environment room decreases from 20 C to 7 C, but they revert to a photonegative response as the temperature falls below 5 C. Also, ladybird beetles tend to form clusters as the temperature falls from 35 C to about 15 C. An attractant pheromone assists in cluster formation. Possible selective advantages of cluster formation by ladybird beetles are discussed.
An Exploratory Study of the Online Learning Environment

ABSTRACT: Web-based homework (WBH) is an increasingly important phenomenon. There is little research about its character, the nature of its impact on student performance, and how that impact evolves over an academic term. The primary research questions addressed in this study are: What relevant factors in a WBH learning environment impact students' performance? And how does the impact of these factors change over the course of an academic term? This paper examines and identifies significant factors in a WBH learning environment and how they impact student performance. We studied over 300 students using WBH extensively for their coursework, throughout a semester in an undergraduate class at a large public university. In this paper, we present factors in the WBH learning environment that were found to have a significant impact on student performance during the course of a semester. In addition to individual and technological factors, this study presents findings that demonstrate that frustration with IT use...
Influence of Y2O3ZrO2 buffer layers on sputtered films of YBa2Cu3O6+x

Abstract Superconducting thin films of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 6+x have been sputter deposited on alumina and silicon substrates by using a Y 2 O 3 ZrO 2 buffer layer. The films exhibit zero resistivity ( ϱ −7 Ω cm ) at 28 K and 27 K respectively. The results depend strongly on the deposition conditions and also on the temperature of the oxygen post-anneal.
Midline radial glia translocation and corpus callosum formation require FGF signaling

Midline astroglia in the cerebral cortex develop earlier than other astrocytes through mechanisms that are still unknown. We show that radial glia in dorsomedial cortex retract their apical endfeet at midneurogenesis and translocate to the overlaying pia, forming the indusium griseum. These cells require the fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (Fgfr1) gene for their precocious somal translocation to the dorsal midline, as demonstrated by inactivating the Fgfr1 gene in radial glial cells and by RNAi knockdown of Fgfr1 in vivo. Dysfunctional astroglial migration underlies the callosal dysgenesis in conditional Fgfr1 knockout mice, suggesting that precise targeting of astroglia to the cortex has unexpected roles in axon guidance. FGF signaling is sufficient to induce somal translocation of radial glial cells throughout the cortex; furthermore, the targeting of astroglia to dorsolateral cortex requires FGFr2 signaling after neurogenesis. Hence, FGFs have an important role in the transition from radial glia to astrocytes by stimulating somal translocation of radial glial cells.
A laboratory study of baroclinic instability

Abstract Experimental and theoretical results are presented for a simple system which exhibits baroclinic instability. We consider the motion of two immiscible fluids with densities ρ 1 and ρ 2 contained in a cylinder rotating with angular frequency ω. The motion is driven by a contact lid rotating with frequency ω + ω. In this paper ω, ω, 2(ρ 2 – ρ 1)/(ρ 2 + ρ 1), and the geometry are such that the interface does not intersect the “ground” (e.g. an almost horizontal boundary). The motions are described by two-layer quasi-geostrophic equations which are identical, except perhaps for the presence of interfacial friction and tension, with those used in meteorology and oceanography. For small enough internal Froude number F = 4ω2 L 2/(g(Δρ/ρ)H) or small enough Rossby number e = ω/2ω the flow is steady and axisymmetric, the velocity field in each layer being determined primarily by frictional effects in top, bottom, and interfacial Ekman layers. For certain (F, e) the flow becomes non-axisymmetric. The transi...
Reaction Rate Oscillations during the Oxidation of Hydrogen on Nickel

Measurements of contact potential difference (CPD) and effluent oxygen concentration were used to monitor oscillations in the surface state and reaction rate during the oxidation of hydrogen over a nickel plate in a continuous flow reactor. CPD measurements indicate that the system oscillates between an active state in which the reduced surface is covered mainly by chemisorbed oxygen and a less active oxidized state. Heat and mass transfer limitations affect the shape, amplitude and period of the oscillations. However, the oscillations do not disappear when transport limitations become negligible.
TWO HOUR POST-GLUCAGON HGH IN DIAGNOSIS OF THE SHORT CHILD

Twenty-five children referred for short stature were screened for hGH deficiency on the basis of hGH response 2 hours after i/m glucagon. All children over age 6 years showed retardation of height age (HA) and bone age (BA) of at least 2 years in relation to chronological age. Younger children were required to have HA and BA retardation of at least 1 year to be studied. 0.1 mg/kg of glucagon was used up to a maximum dose of 1 mg. Nineteen patients (76%) responded with 2 hr. post-glucagon hGH levels of greater than 8 ng/ml with a mean for the entire group of 20.0 ng/ml. Retesting with glucagon produced a normal response in 2 of the 6 non-responders. Of the remaining A, 3 showed minimal or blunted hGH responses to insulin-induced hypoglycemia. In the 22 patients with apparently normal hGH function, the false positive rate was 13.6% (3 of 22) with a single test, and only 4.5% (1 of 22) with repeat testing of non-responders. Mean 2 hr. hGH level in these patients using the repeat values in initial non-responders was 27.3 ng/ml. The test is simple, effective and produced only mild nausea in 3 patients and is recommended as the primary screening procedure for hGH deficiency.
Propellant position control by capillary barriers during spacecraft rotational maneuvers

2 Hitt, E. F. and Rea, F. G., "Development of an Evaluation Technique for Strapdown Guidance Systems/' Second Interim Scientific Report, Contract NAS 12-550, Feb. 28, 1969} BatteUe Memorial Institute, Columbus Labs., Columbus, Ohio. s Rea, F. G. and Fischer, N. H., "An Improved Method of Estimating Midcourse Fuel Requirements (Approximating the Probability Distribution of the Magnitude of a Vector with Normal, Zero Mean, Components)," Paper presented to NASA/ ERG Fourth Guidance Theory and Trajectory Analysis Seminar, Cambridge, Mass., May 16-17, 1968, *Strack, W. C. and Huff, V. N., "The N-Body Code, A General FORTRAN Code for the Numerical Solution of Space Mechanics Problems on an IBM 7090 Computer," TN D-1730, Nov. 1963, NASA. 5 "Saturn IB Improvement Study (Solid First Stage) Phase II, Final Detailed Report,'' Kept. SM-51896, Vol. II, March 30, 1966, Douglas Missile and Space Systems Div., Huntington Beach, Calif. 6 "Launch Vehicle Estimating Factors/' Jan. 1969, NASA. 7 "A Study of Jupiter Flyby Missions, Final Technical Report," FZM-4625, May 17, i966, General Dynamics, Fort Worth Div., Fort Worth, Texas.
Lower and upper probability calculations using compatibility measures for solving Zadeh's challenge problems

In this paper, we present solutions to Zadeh's challenge problem on calculating linguistic probabilities. First, we argue that Zadeh's solution to this problem via the Generalized Extension Principle is very difficult to implement. Then, we use a syllogism based on the entailment principle to interpret the problem so that it can be solved by calculation of pessimistic (lower) and optimistic (upper) probabilities via Linguistic Weighted Averages. We use a pessimistic and an optimistic compatibility measure to calculate such probabilities. Then, we choose vocabularies for heights and linguistic probabilities that are involved in the problem statement. The vocabularies are modeled using interval type-2 fuzzy sets. We calculate optimistic (upper) and pessimistic (lower) probabilities, which naturally would be interval type-2 fuzzy sets. Finally, we map the pessimistic and optimistic probabilities into linguistic probabilities present in the vocabularies, so that the results can be comprehended by a human. We investigate viable alternatives for the pessimistic and optimistic compatibility measures, and also solve a similar problem with a different hypothesis.
Characterization of rat lutropin charge microheterogeneity using chromatofocusing

Chromatofocusing was utilized to separate rat lutropin isohormones. The pH gradients generated were highly reproducible, allowing accurate comparisons of isohormones in different elution profiles. Extracts of anterior pituitaries from intact male rats yielded at least seven species of immunoreactive lutropin after chromatofocusing. Five species exhibited apparent pI's in the range 8.97 to 9.25. Two additional peaks of rat lutropin were also observed: one in the void volume (pI > 9.8) and one which bound to the column but could be eluted with 1.0 m NaCl (pI < 7.0). All seven lutropin isohormones were active in an in vitro bioassay. The biological-to-immunological (B:I) assay ratios were directly related to the apparent pI. The presence of both the basic and the acidic species of biologically active rat lutropin has not been previously observed with isoelectric focusing. Chromatofocusing should prove to be a valuable analytical tool in the isolation and characterization of gonadotropin isohormones.
A filter cartridge for the sterilization of air from the dental air jet.

Abstract 1. 1. A filter cartridge adaptable to the standard dental air jet is described. 2. 2. The filter cartridge is capable of being autoclaved and assures a stream of air completely devoid of dirt or bacteria. 3. 3. By aerometric tests the stream of air is reduced approximately 50 per cent, which, in endodontic practice, seems highly desirable. 4. 4. The filter cartridge is very light despite its sturdy and rustproof construction.
Invited review paper: Seismicity along the South American subduction zone: Review of large earthquakes, tsunamis, and subduction zone complexity

Abstract Earthquakes along the shallow South American subduction zone exhibit heterogeneous rupture characteristics, going back several centuries of the earthquake record in this area. This heterogeneity is manifest in several ways, such as changes in rupture mode from magnitude > 8 events during one century followed by smaller ones in other time periods, as well as unusual tsunami events. There is also an apparent interaction between earthquake rupture and subducting plate complexity in this region. Significant complexity exists on the subducting Nazca plate, including fracture zones and ridges such as the large Nazca Ridge. Several large magnitude earthquakes have occurred in the region of ridge subduction, but no earthquake rupture has ruptured through these features into adjacent regions, suggesting that these subducting features act to segment the margin. Other features, such as fracture zones and variable sediment thickness on the Nazca Plate, appear to influence earthquake behavior over a wide range of magnitude scales. Upper plate features such as crustal faults also lead to heterogeneous earthquake behavior. Here I provide an overview of seismicity along the margin since 1850 in the context of the subduction zone structures. This includes great earthquakes such as the 1906 Ecuador and 1960 Chile events. I also present results showing increased rupture complexity in moderate magnitude earthquakes that can also be linked to certain Nazca Plate features.
Information and the partial reinforcement acquisition effect

Three groups of rats were trained on a delayed reinforcement schedule in an L-shaped runway. The running response, completed just before the turn of the runway, initiated the delay and exposed the rats to one of two delay stimuli. For two of the groups partial reward (50%) followed the delay. For one of these groups the delay stimuli and trial outcomes were correlated, making the delay stimuli informative with respect to the trial outcome some seconds before the outcome occurred. For the other group the delay stimuli and outcomes were uncorrelated, so information was not delivered until the occurrence of the trial outcome. The third group was reinforced on every trial (CRF), so no information followed responding at all. The results were that the partial reinforcement animals trained with correlated stimuli ran most quickly, followed by the partial reinforcement animals trained with uncorrelated stimuli, and then by the animals that were reinforced on every trial. The results were explained by the hypothes...
Effect of post preparation on the apical seal of teeth obturated with plastic thermafil obturators

The effect of post canal preparation on the apical seal of endodontically obturated teeth with plastic Thermafil obturators was studied in vitro. Fifty-four extracted human maxillary anterior teeth were divided into four experimental and two control groups. Two groups were obturated with lateral condensation or plastic Thermafil obturator techniques; this was followed by post space preparation. Two groups were obturated as described above except that post space was not prepared. Apical leakage was determined with the use of 2% methylene blue dye solution at an absolute pressure of 75 mm Hg. There were no statistically significant differences between any of the groups. The clinical implication of these findings is discussed.
Biomarkers of toluene diisocyanate exposure.

Biomarkers are very useful tools when the metabolic fate of the compound or the etiology of a resultant disease is completely understood. They may contribute to confusion if it is not possible to distinguish between markers of exposure and markers of disease. Such is the case for biomarkers used in the assessment of diisocyanate exposure. Biomarkers for diisocyanate exposure result from both direct and indirect effects. Molecules such as hemoglobin, albumin, tubulin, glutathione, and laminin have been implicated as having been directly modified as a result of exposure to toluene diisocyanate (TDI). In addition, indirect biomarkers have included profiles of molecules such as antibodies, cytokines, cell accumulation or proliferation, and markers of oxidative stress. While a brief presentation of each of these markers is provided here, the focus is primarily on immunological markers as an example of the difficulties with using biomarkers in assessing diisocyanate exposure in general, and TDI specifically. Co...
Stochastic differential operator equations with random initial conditions

Abstract The iterative solution of the stochastic differential operator equation is considered for the case of accompanying random, rather than zero, initial conditions. The mean solution and the correlation are determined.
Stock market volatility and international business cycle dynamics: Evidence from OECD economies

Abstract How does a surprise movement in stock market volatility affect our forecasts of future output across countries? This paper studies the time series and cross-sectional responses of output to variation in stock market volatility across 27 countries over 40 years, controlling for a number of country-specific characteristics. High levels of stock market volatility are detrimental to future output growth not only after financial crises as previously emphasized in the literature, but also in non-crisis periods. Output growth and interest rates react negatively to a random shock to volatility and revert to their means quickly thereafter. Moreover, these results are robust after controlling for economic policy uncertainty, the level of financial development, and the direction of the market.
Prevalence of suspected diastolic dysfunction in patients with a clinical diagnosis of congestive heart failure

Introduction: The prevalence of diastolic left ventricular (LV) dysfunction in a population presenting with a suspected diagnosis of congestive heart failure (CHF) is questionable and widely variable in the current literature. To minimize the disparity, we evaluated a large echocardiographic database to investigate the prevalence of systolic and suspected diastolic LV dysfunction in those with a suspected clinical diagnosis of CHF. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed echocardiograms performed at our institution and evaluated the prevalence of abnormal LV systolic and diastolic function in those with a suspected clinical diagnosis of CHF. Diastolic dysfunction was defined as the presence of left atrial enlargement, left ventricular hypertrophy and reverse trans-mitral inflow ratio (E/A reversal). Results: Of the 636 echocardiograms with CHF as the primary diagnosis, 461 had measured LV function. Normal LV systolic function were found in 238 of the patients (48%). Isolated diastolic LV dysfunction was found in 166 patients (36%). Twelve percent of the patients with a suspected clinical diagnosis of CHF had normal LV systolic and diastolic function. Conclusion: Normal LV systolic function was seen in nearly one-half of the echocardiograms with a suspected clinical diagnosis of CHF. Suspected LV diastolic dysfunction was observed in one-third of the echocardiograms with a suspected clinical diagnosis of CHF.
Singularly perturbed Markov chains. I. Asymptotic properties

This work is concerned with singularly perturbed Markov chains. Its focus is on asymptotic properties, and applications for controlled dynamic systems. An integrated approach to continuous-time singularly perturbed Markov chains arising in many areas of endeavor is developed. Owing to the pervasive practical use of Markovian formulation in many applications, there is a resurgence of interest in studying further properties of the Markov chains. The article discusses asymptotic expansion. The models under consideration are in the form of singularly perturbed chains with weak and strong interactions. Structural properties of the underlying chains are investigated. Proofs are omitted for brevity.
Utility and Perceived Acceptability of R&D Project Selection Models

The analytical utility and managerial acceptability of three expected value maximizing EV project selection model forms were assessed within five different development R&D performing organizations. Utility was assessed in terms of the capabilities of the models for prescribing higher value portfolios than those actually implemented by the R&D managers. Value was expressed in terms of profit, return on investment, expenditures on unsuccessful efforts and funds unexpended. Acceptability was measured in terms of the manager's willingness to adopt the models on the bases of their assessed utilities, their general performances and their perceived attributes. Although one of the EV model forms was found to have high utility with regard to all five organizations studied, it was acceptable in only two of these organizations. In general, high utility was not found to be either an inherent characteristic of these EV model forms or an important consideration for their adoption by the R&D managers. Overall, the models were largely irrelevant and managerially unacceptable with respect to the development projects and the selection/allocation processes studied here.
Using the Microcomputer in the Classroom: Initial Considerations

The personal computer or microcomputer is one of many pedagogical tools available for classroom use. Depending on the area of teaching, the computer can replace or augment such standard devices as the hand calculator, typewriter, programmedlearning workbooks, and simulations. As with all teaching tools, the computer requires a great deal of preparation by the instructor. The computer must be integrated with course content in a manner consistent with course objectives. This article outlines several of the factors one must consider in developing a computer component for a course. It will consider the positive and negative aspects of computer use from both the students' and instructor's perspective, common myths about computer usage, ways to approach the process of planning computer usage, and places to look for inexpensive teaching oriented software.'
OrthologID: automation of genome-scale ortholog identification within a parsimony framework

Motivation: The determination of gene orthology is a prerequisite for mining and utilizing the rapidly increasing amount of sequence data for genome-scale phylogenetics and comparative genomic studies. Until now, most researchers use pairwise distance comparisons algorithms, such as BLAST, COG, RBH, RSD and INPARANOID, to determine gene orthology. In contrast, orthology determination within a character-based phylogenetic framework has not been utilized on a genomic scale owing to the lack of efficiency and automation. Results: We have developed OrthologID, a Web application that automates the labor-intensive procedures of gene orthology determination within a character-based phylogenetic framework, thus making character-based orthology determination on a genomic scale possible. In addition to generating gene family trees and determining orthologous gene sets for complete genomes, OrthologID can also identify diagnostic characters that define each orthologous gene set, as well as diagnostic characters that are responsible for classifying query sequences from other genomes into specific orthology groups. The OrthologID database currently includes several complete plant genomes, including Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa, Populus trichocarpa, as well as a unicellular outgroup, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. To improve the general utility of OrthologID beyond plant species, we plan to expand our sequence database to include the fully sequenced genomes of prokaryotes and other non-plant eukaryotes. Availability: http://nypg.bio.nyu.edu/orthologid/ Contact: gloria.coruzzi@nyu.edu
Towards particle filter SLAM with three dimensional evidence grids in a flooded subterranean environment

This paper describes the application of a RaoBlackwellized Particle Filter to the problem of simultaneous localization and mapping onboard a hovering autonomous underwater vehicle. This vehicle, called DEPTHX, equipped with a large array of pencil-beam sonars for mapping, and autonomously explore a system of flooded tunnels associated with the Zacaton sinkhole in Tamaulipas, Mexico. Due to the three-dimensional nature of the tunnels, we describe an extension of traditional two dimensional evidence grids to three dimensions. In May 2005, we collected a sonar data set in Zacaton. We present successful SLAM results using both the real-world data and simulated data
Brain metastasis of crystal-deficient, CD68-positive alveolar soft part sarcoma: Ultrastructural features and differential diagnosis

We report a case of alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) presenting as an isolated frontal lobe metastasis. The tumor demonstrated little or no immunoreactivity for a broad panel of antibodies yet strong, diffuse immunoreactivity with CD68. On electron microscopy, the characteristic rectangular to rhomboid crystalline inclusions of ASPS were not present. Electron-dense granules resembling peroxisomes were present, sometimes in association with elongated granular structures having a periodic, lattice-like arrangement. Metastatic ASPS was confirmed by demonstration of an ASPSCR1-TFE3 fusion and imaging studies that excluded metastatic Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma. The primary site was subsequently identified in the lower extremity.
Dynamic modeling and control of a cascaded active battery/ultra-capacitor based vehicular power system

This paper presents an active hybrid battery/ultra-capacitor based vehicular power system. The stand alone battery system may not be sufficient to satisfy peak demand periods during transients in HEVs. An ultra-capacitor bank can supply or recapture a large burst of power since it can be used with high C-rates. Active battery/ultra-capacitor hybrid model provides a better solution in terms of efficient power management and control flexibility. Moreover, the voltage of the battery pack can be selected to be less than ultra-capacitor, which will result in cost and size reduction of the battery pack. The power management is provided using a boost and a bidirectional DC/DC converter. The performance of the developed model and its control strategy is tested under various driving cycles. Results are obtained using MATLABreg, Simulinkreg, SimPower-Systemreg, and ADVISORreg platforms based on the mathematical and electrical models of the proposed system to present the effectiveness of the proposed topology.
The Structure of Electoral Politics

T HE CONCEPT OF structure is as useful in the analysis of elections as it is in the study of community power structure. In the community power structure literature, the term structure refers to the pattern of the distribution of power over community affairs. In the analysis of elections, structure may be used to refer to the pattern of participation in elections. This paper is an effort to adapt the concept of structure from the literature of community power analysis to the study of election campaigns. Students of parties and elections are searching for conceptual models and statements of theory with which to summarize and order an imposingly large number of studies. Eulau has drawn a contrast between the number of studies and amount of theory in election analysis as opposed to international relations analysis. The amount of theory varies inversely with the number of studies.' Advances in the theory of elections are marked by such pieces as Charles Adrian's "Typology for Nonpartisan Elections"2 and Duane Lockard's "patterns of local politics."3 Both authors point toward a concept of "structure." The term also has been used by political scientists to indicate the same meaning as it has in this paper. Robert Salisbury and Gordon Black, for example, observed that Des Moines lacked a "well defined political structure . . . to the processes of recruitment and campaigning."4 The structure of electoral politics describes the distribution of participation in election campaigns. As in power structure, geograph-
Lateralization Characteristics in Learning Disabled Children

As the authors of this month's Topical Review point out, interest in explaining specific learning problems in children by reference to underlying neurological deficits has a very long history in our field. Certainly one of the oldest neurological hypotheses is that abnormalities in the way the brain is lateralized for language are the cause of reading disabilities in many chidlren. In this Topical Review, the authors consider recent research on brain lateralization in learning disabled children that has used three different experimental paradigms. These studies have advanced our knowledge about the kinds of factors that can affect performance on the tasks that measure lateralizaton, but they do not produce a conclusive picture of abnormal lateralization in LD children. The authors conclude with an important statement about the limitations of our knowledge in this area as it applies to remedial procedures—JKT
The Influence of Current and Past Alcohol Use on Earnings: Three Approaches to Estimation

This article examines alcohol consumption and wages of males, aged 21 through 28, from three different perspectives. First, a four-equation model employs the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth to estimate a wage equation and an hours-of-work-equation for heavy drinkers and contrasts these estimates with wage and hours equations for moderate drinkers. Using a variety of drinking thresholds to distinguish "heavy" drinkers from "moderate" ones, the association between current levels of drinking, wages, and hours of work is measured. The longitudinal nature of the data is then used to study the relation between a profile of drinking over the 1982-1985 period and earnings. Last, a wage-change model investigates how the profile of drinking over the period 1982-1984 is related to the wage change between 1982 and 1985. The results from the static single-period model differ markedly from the wage-change model. Cross-sectional data show that higher drinking levels are correlated with higher wages and hours of wo...
Development Needs of Faculty in Foodservice Management

Abstract Objective To determine the development needs of foodservice management (FSM) faculty originally prepared in other fields. Design Application of qualitative research methodologies to description and comparison of the perspective of three groups: faculty themselves, leaders in foodservice industry, and educators in advanced-degree programs Subjects Purposive sampling of organization directories was used to recruit faculty members for two surveys (142 and 62 respondents) and four focus groups; 15 representatives from industry, professional organizations, and education (through an advisory committee); and 11 foodservice administration advanced-degree programs (through survey and study of program catalogs). Main outcome measures Faculty competencies needed were compared from the three perspectives Statistical analyses performed Descriptive statistics plus χ 2 determinations were used to make comparisons. Outcomes All three sources identified needs that could be classified into one of three groups: acquisition of theory, mastery of applications, and personal qualities. Theoretical groundwork needed included food science/quantity food production, financial and personnel management, marketing, customer satisfaction, and use of computer and other technologies. Although only 44% of faculty respondents had advanced degrees in FSM, their graduate study in other areas was applicable in meeting many of the competencies. Almost all faculty had some FSM industry experience — a high priority from all perspectives. Conclusions Most faculty were involved in development activities and reported success in acquiring knowledge and application competence. The faculty members' lack of identification with FSM and their feelings of isolation were more problematic. J Am Diet Assoc. 1997;97:262–265
ZupT Is a Zn(II) Uptake System in Escherichia coli

Escherichia coli zupT (ygiE), encoding a ZIP family member, mediated zinc uptake. Growth of cells disrupted in both zupT and the znuABC operon was inhibited by EDTA at a much lower concentration than a single mutant or the wild type. Cells expressing ZupT from a plasmid exhibited increased uptake of 65Zn2+.
Medical evaluation of suspected child sexual abuse: 2011 update

The medical evaluation of children with suspected sexual abuse includes more than just the physical examination of the child. The importance of taking a detailed medical history from the parents and a history from the child about physical sensations following sexual contact has been emphasized in other articles in the medical literature. The examination is important, however, and medical providers who examine children need to be aware of published research on findings in nonabused children, studies of healing of injuries, and studies documenting the association between sexual contact and the diagnosis of sexually transmissible infections in children. This article reviews the current approach to interpreting findings in children who may have been sexually abused and why additional research is needed.
The pollution attack in P2P live video streaming: measurement results and defenses

P2P mesh-pull live video streaming applications ---such as Cool-Streaming, PPLive, and PPStream --- have become popular in the recent years. In this paper, we examine the stream pollution attack, for which the attacker mixes polluted chunks into the P2P distribution, degrading the quality of the rendered media at the receivers. Polluted chunks received by an unsuspecting peer not only effect that single peer, but since the peer also forwards chunks to other peers, and those peers in turn forward chunks to more peers, the polluted content can potentially spread through much of the P2P network. The contribution of this paper is twofold. First, by way of experimenting and measuring a popular P2P live video streaming system, we show that the pollution attack can be devastating. Second, we evaluate the applicability of four possible defenses to the pollution attack: blacklisting, traffic encryption, hash verification, and chunk signing. Among these, we conclude that the chunk signing solutions are most suitable.
Performance of a 1319 nm laser radar using RF pulse compression

Spaceborne lidars have been shown to provide data on surface elevation, vegetation canopy heights, and aerosol characteristics. Satellites carrying lidars for measuring ice sheet surface elevation and vegetation canopy heights are scheduled to be launched in the next few years. To achieve the necessary resolution and sensitivity, lidars on these satellites will use short duration, high peak power transmit pulses. Because of their high peak power, these lidars must be operated with a low pulse repetition frequency (PRF). The high peak power operation results in limited lidar lifetime and the low PRF provides insufficient spatial samples along the satellite track. To overcome these limitations of high peak power systems, at the University of Kansas we have developed a low peak power laser radar using modern RF techniques and fiber-optic technologies developed in support of the communication industry. We used RF pulse compression to achieve the sensitivity needed for spaceborne applications and have increased the PRF to provide more dense sampling. We have developed and reported preliminary results of a fiber-optic-based, laser radar that applies RF pulse compression and digital signal processing techniques to improve receiver sensitivity and range measurement capabilities. With our improved super-heterodyne receiver, we have achieved receiver sensitivities below -100 dBm with transmit pulses with 40 /spl mu/s duration, 260 MHz bandwidth, and a 4 kHz PRF. These parameters are sufficient for altimeter operation from a satellite. We have modified the receiver architecture, performed detailed system simulations, developed a new data acquisition system, and conducted laboratory tests to verify simulation results. We present the system design, results of performance analyses and tests. We also show details on the two-stage down-conversion receiver with envelope detection and present issues concerning telescope-to-optical fiber coupling.
The impact of education on care practices: an exploratory study of the influence of "action plans" on the behavior of health professionals.

Background: There has been limited focus on evaluation of continuing education (CEU) and continuing medical education (CME) in the fields of gerontology and geriatrics. The increasing elderly population combined with the limited clinical workforce highlights the need for more effective methods of continuing education. Traditionally, outcomes of CEU and CME programs relied on self-report measures of satisfaction with the scope and quality of the training, but more recent efforts in this area have focused on outcomes indicating level of improved skills and attitudinal changes of medical and allied health professionals towards working with elderly patients in need of assistance.Methods: This study focused on the use of “Action Plans” as a tool to stimulate changes in clinical programs following training, along with attempting to determine typical barriers to change and how to deal with them. More than 600 action plans were obtained from participants attending various continuing education classes providing training on care of patients with dementia (PWD) and their families. Both qualitative and quantitative methods, including logistic regression models were used to analyze the data.Results: Three months following training 366 participants reported whether they were successful in implementing their action plans and identified factors that either facilitated or hindered their goal to make changes outlined in their action plans. Despite the low response rate of program participants, the “action plan” (with follow up to determine degree of completion) appeared to stimulate effective behavioral changes in clinicians working with dementia patients and their family members. Seventy three percent of the respondents reported at least some level of success in implementing specific changes. Specific details about barriers to change and how to overcome them are discussed.Conclusions: Our results support that developing and writing action plans can be a useful tool to self- monitor behavioral change among trainees over time.
A computers and society course: Adapted for television

The experience of developing and presenting a television series in the area of computers and society is related. An existing seminar course with upper division students is used to provide recordable topic discussions and additional materials are developed around that nucleus.
Toilet training for a young boy with pervasive developmental disorder

We employed a variation of the Azrin–Foxx (1971) procedure with a 3.5-year-old boy diagnosed with Pervasive Developmental Disability (PDD). Unique features of our design included tailoring to the in-home environment, training without systematically increasing fluid intake, introduction under circumstances that facilitated generalization and transfer without special procedures, the elimination of some specialized equipment, and use of social and activity reinforcers. Training was successful and was reported to have generalized to the inclusive school environment. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
THE STRENGTH OF STRING NON-PERTURBATIVE EFFECTS AND STRONG-WEAK COUPLING DUALITY

A strong-weak coupling duality symmetry of the string equations of motion has been suggested in the literature. This symmetry implies that vacua occur in pairs. Since the coupling constant is a dynamical variable in string theory, tunneling solutions between strong and weak coupling vacua may exist. Such solutions would naturally lead to non-perturbative effects with anomalous coupling dependence. A highly simplified example is given.
Performance sensitivity of a radar as functions of its antenna characteristics

Functional relationships between the performance of a radar and its antenna characteristics are discussed in the context of a reference airborne radar system. The problem of designing an airborne radar antenna is briefly surveyed. Simulation programs used for evaluating the radar performance are described, together with some numerical results on assessments of antenna structure deformation and antenna damage. >