cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Liberalism and Allegory: A Tragedy

Adam Smith was allegorical, knowingly and profoundly, but after him things went downhill, or even dropped off a cliff. From science anxieties many liberals spurned allegory, touting foundations, facts, science, etc. But we see in their discourse, notably on the economic system as cooperation, and later on the price system as communication, the poetry they pretended to have cast out. Liberals turned away from allegory, and the world turned away from liberalism. The present article explains some of the reasons why it is good to embrace allegory, and why it is good to be open about doing so.
Special Considerations for Intracranial Tumors

Understanding the nuances of positioning in the surgical management of neoplastic lesions of the brain and spine is critical to performing a successful procedure. In general, there are a few standard positions that may be modulated to account for the unique nature of operating on patients with cancer. Positioning for intracranial tumors requires forethought with respect to the location of the lesion, need to control intracranial pressure which may result from perilesional edema, and comorbidities that are inherent to the population of patients with cancer. With respect to spinal tumors, care must be taken to ensure adequate exposure of the lesion, minimize blood loss, and manage ventilatory issues given that these procedures are often performed in the prone position. In this chapter, we discuss the peri- and intraoperative considerations regarding patients with intracranial and spinal neoplastic pathology.
Long-Term Provision of Acidified Drinking Water Fails to Influence Autoimmune Diabetes and Encephalomyelitis.

Induction of autoimmune diseases is predisposed by background genetics and influenced by environmental factors including diet and infections. Since consumption of acidified drinking water leads to eradication of gastrointestinal pathogens in animals, we tested whether it may also influence the development of autoimmune diseases. The frequency of spontaneously occurring type 1 diabetes in female NOD mice that were maintained on acidified drinking water by the vendor did not alter after switching to neutral water in our facility. In addition, experimentally induced autoimmune encephalomyelitis was also unaffected by the pH of the drinking water. Interestingly, administration of complete Freund’s adjuvant alone or emulsified with a neuronal peptide to induce neurodegenerative disease during the prediabetic stage completely prevented the onset of diabetes regardless of the pH of the drinking water. However, exposure to microbial products later in life had only a partial blocking effect on diabetes induction, which was also not influenced by the ionic content of the drinking water. Taken together, these data indicate that the onset of autoimmune diseases is not influenced by the gastrointestinal pathogen-depleting treatment, acidified drinking water. Thus, administration of acidic drinking water does not appear to be an option for treating autoimmune diseases.
Metallic Mining and Reclamation in Michigan: Environmental Management as a Gentler Approach

This article reviews Michigan’s Mine Reclamation Act as it pertains to metallic mining, describes the environmental effects of iron and copper mining, outlines the weaknesses of the Act, and proposes changes to improve the Act. The article also explains that comprehensive environmental management of land disturbances from metallic mining is a desirable approach to problems usually dealt with through reclamation laws.
Work–life balance in media newsrooms:

This research examined work–life balance in media newsrooms. A total of 50 in-depth face-to-face interviews were conducted with individuals currently employed in US newsrooms of varying market size...
Singlet oxygen oxidation of pyrroles: Synthesis and chemical transformations of novel 4,4-bis(trifluoromethyl)imidazoline analogs

Abstract A novel singlet oxygen ring cleavage of pyrrole 5a and subsequent acid-catalyzed facile dehydrocyclization afforded a new series of 4,4-bis(trifluoromethyl)imidazolines with a p-fluorophenacyl side chain at the 5-position, which have shown potent acyl CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) and cholesterol biosynthesis inhibitory activities.
Entwicklungsstörungen in der frühen Kindheit

In der fruhen Kindheit wird der Begriff Entwicklungsstorungen oder Entwicklungsverzogerung vielfaltig verwendet, um verschiedenste Auffalligkeiten bzw. Abweichungen in bestimmten Funktionsbereichen wie z. B. Sprache, Motorik, soziale Wahrnehmung, Aufmerksamkeit oder Kognition zu beschreiben.
Long-term effects of impurities on the particle size and optical emission of carbon dots

Carbon dots (CDs) are fluorescent nanoparticles that exhibit strong photoluminescence (PL) emission throughout the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum. Recent studies highlight the presence of fluorescent impurities in CD dispersions. Here, the long-term impact of these impurities on the stability of the physical and optical properties of CDs synthesized by the solvothermal method is studied. A significant increase in particle size is observed as a function of time after synthesis from transmission electron microscopy analysis of CDs. Furthermore, the quantum yield of blue PL emission, which is mostly caused by impurities that contain carboxyl groups, gradually decays from 30% to ∼3% over 13 weeks. The reduction in quantum yield is attributed to decomposition of impurities that, consequently, deposit on the particles and increase particle size. Finally, it is observed that the blue emission decreases considerably when CDs are properly purified and a solvent-dependent yellow emission arises. The yellow emission is almost negligible when CDs are dispersed in water; however, the intensity of yellow emission increases significantly when the concentration of ethanol is increased.
Projecting the effects of a warming climate on the hurricane hazard and insured losses: Methodology and case study

Abstract This paper summarizes research (conducted previously by the author) to incorporate (1) sea-surface temperature projections, (2) event-based hurricane simulation models, and (3) loss models to assess the impacts of the changing climate on the hurricane hazard and estimated insured losses. The focus of the work is on the US east coast and hence the formation and movement of hurricanes over the Atlantic Basin. As an illustrative case, the area around Charleston, South Carolina is considered. Specifically, this paper presents a methodology to probabilistically estimate regional hurricane loss considering both hurricane intensity and size as well as projected sea surface temperature change as a function of climate change. It is most common to characterize the hurricane wind hazard using a measure of intensity only. Recent studies have demonstrated the importance of accounting for storm size when characterizing the hurricane hazard in order to properly estimate/predict the spatial extent of damage. For purposes of regional loss estimation, therefore, considering maximum wind speed only may not be adequate. A storm with larger size but lower intensity might result in more damage and hence greater total loss than a smaller, more intense storm. Here, the maximum wind speed (intensity) and the radius of maximum winds (spatial extent) are selected as the two dominant indicators (parameters) characterizing the hurricane (event) hazard. The resulting bivariate hazard model is then used as input to a regional loss estimation model to illustrate its potential application. Only hurricane wind damage (and associated losses from both wind damage and water intrusion) is considered in this study. Collateral damage due to flood or storm surge is not addressed here. Simulated events impacting this region are extracted from a synthetic hurricane database (developed by the author and his colleagues) and the joint distribution of intensity and size is established to characterize the hurricane hazard. Regional loss for each simulated hurricane event is then estimated using the loss estimation module in HAZUS_MH. Finally, distributions of regional loss at different (event) hazard levels are generated. A future climate scenario (increasing sea surface temperature) is next considered and the joint distribution of hurricane intensity and size and the resulting loss distribution curve is recomputed. The results are then able to be compared to those under the current climate scenario. Such comparisons can help to inform codes and standards committees, for example, as they consider whether and how to take potential climate change impacts (in the design lifetime) into account. They also can inform ongoing public discourse around mitigation and adaptation, whether hardening of buildings and other infrastructure systems, community resilience planning, construction practices, or related policies.
Editorial: A Call to Action for an Antiracist Clinical Science.

“Though I am gone, I urge you to answer the highest calling of your heart and stand up for what you truly believe. When historians pick up their pens to write the story of the 21st century, let the...
Repigmentation in a patient with vitiligo on crisaborole 2% ointment.

Vitiligo is a common condition of autoimmune etiology resulting in skin depigmentation, which often causes psychological distress and reduced quality of life. Treatment options for vitiligo are limited. Phosphodiesterase type 4 (PDE4) is an intracellular enzyme, which is overactive in multiple inflammatory conditions, including vitiligo (Zaky et al, unpublished material). The oral PDE4 inhibitor apremilast is approved for psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and Behcet disease.1 In a recent case series, apremilast demonstrated some improvement in controlling the progression of vitiligo.2 Crisaborole is a topical PDE4 inhibitor approved for atopic dermatitis in patients aged 3 months or older. We present a patient with vitiligo treated with crisaborole 2% ointment, who demonstrated skin repigmentation and control of depigmentation progression.
Structural evolution during calcination of sol-gel synthesized alumina and alumina-8 vol % zirconia composite

Alumina and alumina-8 vol% zirconia (3 mol% yttria) composite powders were synthesized via a sol-gel process using metal chlorides as precursors. Sol-gel synthesized alumina and alumina-zirconia composite powders were initially amorphous and contained structural water. Calcination was necessary to drive off the water and prompt crystallization of the powder. Calcination of synthesized powder was performed at various temperatures from 400–1300°C. Powder morphology and phase evolution during calcination were established using electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis.
To Continue Sharing or Not to Continue Sharing? – An Empirical Analysis of User Decision in Peer-to-Peer Sharing Networks

Peer-to-peer sharing networks have seen explosive growth recently. In these networks, sharing files is completely voluntary, and there is no financial reward for users to contribute. Yet many users continue to share despite the massive free-riding by others. Using a large-scale dataset of individual activities in a peer-to-peer music-sharing network, we seek to understand users’ continued-sharing behavior as a private contribution to a public good. We find that the more benefit users “get from” the network, in the form of downloads, browses, and searches, the more likely they are to continue sharing. Also, the more value users “give to” the network, in the form of downloads by other users and recognition by the network, the more likely they are to continue sharing. Moreover, our findings suggest that, overall, “getting-from” is a stronger force for the continued-sharing decision than “giving-to.”
Integrated protein function prediction by mining function associations, sequences, and protein-protein and gene-gene interaction networks.

Motivations Protein function prediction is an important and challenging problem in bioinformatics and computational biology. Functionally relevant biological information such as protein sequences, gene expression, and protein–protein interactions has been used mostly separately for protein function prediction. One of the major challenges is how to effectively integrate multiple sources of both traditional and new information such as spatial gene–gene interaction networks generated from chromosomal conformation data together to improve protein function prediction.
The Determinants of Price Adjustments in Retail Supermarkets

This paper examines the determinants of price adjustment decisions by supermarkets to increase or decrease prices for 11 different food categories and evaluates the characteristics of these firms that influence these decisions. We use a unique dataset to analyze firm variables and industry variables and their impact on price adjustment in supermarket stores. The study contributes to the price adjustment literature by identifying determinants of price behavior by stores and product category. We find that the rationale for increasing prices differs from that for decreasing prices, retailers make different adjustment decisions based on product category, and market-level controls have little impact. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hyper-responsivity in a subset of C-fiber nociceptors in a model of painful diabetic neuropathy in the rat

While clinical characteristics of diabetic painful neuropathy are well described, the underlying electrophysiological basis of the exaggerated painful response to stimuli, as well as the presence of spontaneous pain, are poorly understood. In order to elucidate peripheral contributions to painful diabetic neuropathy, we quantitatively evaluated the function of C-fibers in a rat model of painful diabetic neuropathy, diabetes induced by the pancreatic beta-cell toxin streptozotocin. While there was no significant effect of diabetes on conduction velocity, mechanical threshold or spontaneous activity, the number of action potentials in response to sustained threshold and suprathreshold mechanical stimuli was significantly increased in the diabetic rats. Moreover, there was a clustering of responses of C-fibers in diabetic rats; while two-thirds of C-fibers fired at the same mean frequency as C-fibers in control rats, one-third of C-fibers in diabetic rats were markedly hyper-responsive, demonstrating a threefold increase in firing frequency. The high-firing-frequency C-fibers in rats with diabetes also had faster conduction velocity than the low-firing-frequency C-fibers in rats with diabetes or in C-fibers in control rats. The hyper-responsiveness was characterized by a selective increase of the shortest interspike intervals (<100ms) in the burst component (first 10s) of the response to a sustained suprathreshold stimulus; in the plateau phase (last 50s) of the response to a 60-s suprathreshold stimulus, we found a selective increase of interspike intervals between 100 and 300ms in hyper-responsive C-fibers in rats with diabetes. The hyper-responsiveness did not correlate with mechanical threshold, presence of spontaneous activity or location of the fiber's receptive field. In summary, in an established model of painful diabetic neuropathy in the rat, a subset of C-fibers demonstrated a marked hyper-responsiveness to mechanical stimuli. The subset was also found to have a greater mean conduction velocity than the fibers not demonstrating this hyper-responsivity. The present findings suggest that study of individual neurons in vitro may allow elucidation of the ionic basis of enhanced nociception in diabetic neuropathy.
Hydrogen peroxide disrupts scarless fetal wound repair.

Cutaneous wound healing is a complex process that leads to the formation of a permanent scar in adult skin. In contrast, early gestation fetal skin undergoes scarless repair. Normally, the repair process in the skin begins with an acute inflammatory response. However, one of the most important aspects of scarless fetal wound repair appears to be a lack of inflammation, suggesting that inflammation promotes scar formation in the skin. While it is well accepted that inflammation causes scar formation in the fetus, it is not known what specific factors produced during inflammation are responsible for these effects. Oxidants released by activated inflammatory cells have the potential to be involved, although this has never been examined. The present studies, using a murine fetal wound repair model, show that hydrogen peroxide interferes with scarless healing, possibly through the induction of transforming growth factor-β1. Hydrogen peroxide also increased the proliferation of fetal fibroblasts, which could contribute to an increase in the fibrosis seen with hydrogen peroxide. Defining the factors produced during the inflammatory response that contribute to scar formation could be important for the development of new therapies designed to minimize scarring.
Proteins of crustacean exoskeleton: IV. Partial amino acid sequences of exoskeletal proteins from the Bermuda land crab, Gecarcinus lateralis, and comparisons to certain insect proteins.

As in all decapod Crustacea, the exoskeleton of the land crab Gecarcinus lateralis consists of four layers. Prior electrophoretic analysis of proteins extracted from these layers revealed an abundance of small Mr proteins with acidic pIs as are found in insect cuticle (O'Brien et al. [1991] Biol. Bull., 181:427–441). Further, immunological cross-reactivity between crab exoskeletal proteins and insect cuticular proteins has been demonstrated (Kumari and Skinner [1993] J. Exp. Zool., 265:195–210). Partial amino acid sequences of a number of proteins from the four exoskeletal layers are described here. Proteins were electrophoresed on two-dimensional (2D) gels, transferred to polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membranes, and stained; individual spots were recovered and their N-termini were sequenced. In addition, a 14-kDa protein (pI =5.4) from membranous layer (ML14) was eluted from 2D gels and digested with endoproteinase Lys-C; N-termini of its constituent peptides were sequenced. The two epicuticular proteins differed from each other. Three proteins with identical electrophoretic mobility isolated from exocuticle, endocuticle, and membranous layer appeared to have identical N termini, while another electrophoretically identical set from the three layers appeared identical with each other but differed in three positions from the first set. Two proteins from the membranous layer both had a mass of 25 kDa but different isoelectric points. Their sequences were indistinguishable from each other but clearly distinct from another membranous layer protein. Another distinct sequence was found in a 14-kDa protein from endocuticle, while a less acidic pair of 14-kDa proteins from endocuticle and membranous layer were quite similar to one another. The three internal peptide fragments from ML14 were distinct, but one had regions similar to the ML14 N terminus. One crab exoskeletal protein sequence was similar to some structural proteins of vertebrates, whereas others had motifs found in insect cuticular proteins. The sequence similarities identified did not account for the antibody cross-reactivity. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The natural vibrations of plates composed of composite materials

Abstract Utilizing the Reissner's Variational Theory with Hamilton's Principle, a set of general governing equations which include the effects of transverse shear deformation and rotatory inertia are derived for the study of free vibrations of rectangular plates composed of an orthotropic material. The case of a simply supported plate is treated in detail by the normal mode criterion. The formulations in this paper are necessary and practically significant for even geometrically thin plates composed of composite materials in which the ratios of in-plane modulus of elasticity to transverse shear modulus have extremely high values. This fact is clearly shown in the curves resulting from numerical calculations for a typical composite material. In addition, the present work gives good results when calculating the natural frequencies of higher wave numbers of vibrations which are beyond the range of applicability of the classical plate theory.
Work Relief and the Labor Force Participation of Married Women in 1940

Economic analysis of the labor supply of married women has long emphasized the impact of the unemployment of husbands-the added worker effect. This article re-examines the magnitude of the added worker effect in the waning years of the Great Depression. Previous studies of the labor supply of married women during this period failed to take account of various institutional features of New Deal work relief programs, which reduced the size of the added worker effect.
Generalised Classes in Groups and Association Schemes

A result of Strunkov on generalised conjugacy classes of groups is most conveniently expressed in terms of the P-matrix of an association scheme. This result is dual to a result of Blichfeldt on permutation characters, which has been shown by Cameron and Kiyota to hold for arbitrary characters and led to the definition of sharp characters. We show that the result carries over to arbitrary (commutative) association scheme classes, and introduce the idea of a sharp class in an association scheme.
Professional Differences in Attitudes Toward and Utilization of Psychiatric Recovery

This article examines mental health provider attitudes toward and utilization of psychiatric recovery concepts in practice settings. Comparisons are made between providers from three major professional disciplines (social work, psychology, and psychiatry) surveyed using a national random sample (N = 301). Findings indicate that although there is familiarity with recovery-based principles among providers, and high reported belief in the recovery model, actual utilization of recovery content in practice settings remains mixed. Significant differences between disciplines suggest that psychologists may be less familiar with the recovery model, less likely to see it as a feasible approach for their caseloads, and less likely to emphasize it as a primary goal when working with consumers. Implications for practitioners, policymakers, and planners are provided.
A Global Ground‐Based Magnetometer Initiative

With the motto “Knowledge is the common wealth of humanity,” the 2007–2008 Electronic Geophysical Year (eGY) advocated that scientists have the responsibility to create and implement strategies that utilize the full potential of digital capabilities in providing information for present and future generations. Although eGY has officially ended, the geomagnetic research community continues to support the goals of eGY through a global ground-based magnetometer initiative. This initiative, called SuperMAG, helps scientists have easy access to measurements of the Earth's magnetic field.
Linear measurements of the cerebral ventricles are correlated with adult ventricular volume

Computation of ventricular volume has important clinical applications but is challenging. We compared linear ventricular measurements to ventricular volume to find a simple to perform quantitative measurement of ventricular size. Linear measurements were correlated with ventricular volumes to different degrees and were reproducible between investigators. Linear measurements provide a quick and simple quantification of ventricular size for use in clinical settings.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers for Carolina hemlock (Tsuga caroliniana)

We describe the isolation and characterization of 31 polymorphic di- and trinucleotide microsatellite marker loci for Carolina hemlock (Tsuga caroliniana Englem.). In addition, primer pairs for 16 loci amplified scoreable alleles in six other Tsuga species. In eastern North America, both Carolina hemlock and eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis [L.] Carr.) populations are declining due to infestation by hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae. The markers described here should enhance population genetic studies of hemlocks, providing valuable information for conserving and restoring these important forest tree species.
Heat transfer from fail-safe magnetorheological fluid dampers

This study focuses on an experimental study of heat transfer from magneto-rheological fluid (MRF) dampers. Two semi- active automotive size MRF dampers, one with fins and the other without fins, were constructed and tested. The experimental results were compared with those of a previously developed theoretical model. It is demonstrate that especially at high peak velocities, the temperature rise is significant and heat transfer from these devices can be enhanced considerably by utilizing fins.
Imaginative Role Playing, Need for Achievement, and Perceived Outcome in Relation to Occupational Status.

Abstract Forty-four male and 44 female subjects, divided on the basis of their need for achievement scores, responded to three short verbal cues in which the central character was either male or female. The three cues (store clerk, social worker, and author) were chosen in order to maximize status differences and to minimize masculinity-femininity differences. In responding to each cue, subjects had to imagine themselves in each role. subjects rated each character on semantic differential scales to provide impressions of personality. Ratings were found to be a function of sex of the subject and need for achievement level, as well as status of the occupation. However, no significant effects were associated with the sex of the role.
Machine Criticality Measures and Subproblem Solution Procedures in Shifting Bottleneck Methods: A Computational Study

We examine the effects of different machine criticality measures (MCMs) and subproblem solution procedures (SSPs) on the performance of Shifting Bottleneck (SB) methods for the problem of minimizing maximum lateness in a job shop. Extensive computational experiments show that for problems with balanced workloads and random routeings simple MCMs and SSPs can be used without affecting solution quality. Routeing structure affects the performance of the SB method significantly. We also find that, contrary to some previous studies, the problem of maintaining feasibility in the SB method is significant.
Interaction of calcium antagonists with cyclic AMP phosphodiesterases and calmodulin.

Abstract The calcium antagonists, nimodipine and nicardipine, competitively inhibited calmodulin-sensitive and calmodulin-insensitive forms of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase, with IC50's in the micromolar range. Verapamil showed similar inhibitory potency against calmodulin-insensitive phosphodiesterases, but in marked contrast, it was a very weak inhibitor (30–100 times less potent) against calmodulin-sensitive forms of the enzyme. Verapamil and nimodipine both antagonized the calmodulin stimulation of phosphodiesterase. Through use of hydrophobic fluorescent probes, verapamil, and another calmodulin antagonist, proadifen, were shown to interact directly with calmodulin in a manner that differed from the interaction of calmodulin with trifluoperazine.
Wild models of curves

Let K be a complete discrete valuation field with ring of integers OK and algebraically closed residue field k of characteristic p > 0. Let X/K be a smooth proper geometrically connected curve of genus g > 0, withX(K) 6= ∅ if g = 1. Assume thatX/K does not have good reduction, and that it obtains good reduction over a Galois extension L/K of degree p. Let Y/OL be the smooth model of XL/L. Let H := Gal(L/K). In this article, we provide information on the regular model of X/K obtained by desingularizing the wild quotient singularities of the quotient Y/H . The most precise information on the resolution of these quotient singularities is obtained when the special fiber Yk/k is ordinary. As a corollary, we are able to produce for each odd prime p an infinite class of wild quotient singularities having pairwise distinct resolution graphs. The information on the regular model of X/K also allows us to gather insight into the p-part of the component group of the Neron model of the Jacobian of X .
Is a Critical Pedagogy for the Profession of Social Work Possible

Abstract In this essay, we address the perspective of progressive educators who maintain that academic curricula should be approached through the use of a critical pedagogy. We begin with a review of theories and methods in critical pedagogy and present a set of social and institutional issues that mediate against its use in social work education. We argue that, paradoxically, many of these obstacles in fact make the use of a critical pedagogy indispensable. Basic philosophical, conceptual, and methodological principles of a critical pedagogy for social work are elaborated.
Observations on the cervix uteri of the squirrel monkey.

The squirrel monkey uterine cervix was studied macroscopically and microscopically in intact and ovariectomized monkeys. The effect in ovariectomized monkeys of estradiol dipropionate or progesterone of both given after estrogen priming was studied by PAS staining. The lower portion of the cervix was dilated to form a vestibule into which projected fibromuscular colliculi which arose from the isthmic end of the cervix. The stratified squamous epithelium of the vagina was continuous through the external os with a similar epithelium lining the vestibule and covering the external surfaces of the colliculi. The transitional zone between the stratified epithelium and columnar cells was variable. The colliculi were covered internally with mucosal folds of columnar epithelium continuous with those of the endocervical canal. Glycogen concentration in the smooth muscle did not fluctuate markedly, irrespective of the hormones used. Glycogen granules were more numerous in the stratified squamous epithelium. Malt-diastase-resistant material appeared to be more abundant in the columnar epithelium and glandular lumina when the monkeys received both hormones than when they received solely estrogen or progesterone.
Lepidoptera‐specific insecticide used to suppress gypsy moth outbreaks may benefit non‐target forest Lepidoptera

Despite considerable interest in the impacts of forest-defoliating insects and pesticide-based suppression of defoliator outbreaks on non-target arthropods, studies have often been hampered by the unpredictability of outbreaks. We evaluated the long-term impacts of forest defoliation by gypsy moths, and the suppression of their outbreaks with Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (Btk), on native moths. Three years after a gypsy moth outbreak, moth diversity and abundance were compared among sites that were defoliated but not sprayed with Btk (defoliated sites), defoliated and sprayed (Btk sites) or neither (undisturbed sites). We conducted separate evaluations of the effects of disturbance history on the overall moth community, taxonomic subgroups (families) and moths differing in their dietary overlap with gypsy moths. Analyses of the full moth community revealed no effects of disturbance history on local (α) moth diversity or diversity of moths among sites (β-diversity). The α- or β-diversities of moths classified by their dietary overlap with gypsy moths (overlapping, partially overlapping, not overlapping) were also not affected by disturbance history. However, taxonomic affiliation was important. Geometridae α-diversity in late summer was significantly lower in defoliated sites than in Btk or undisturbed sites. No effects of disturbance history on moth abundances were found. We conclude gypsy moth defoliation had negative effects on a major moth family (Geometridae), although Btk application may have protected Geometridae from the adverse effects of gypsy moth defoliation. The results of the present study help to clarify the relative, and sometimes countervailing, effects of defoliators and microbial pesticides on forest communities.
Querying graphs with uncertain predicates

In many applications the available data give rise to an attributed graph, with the nodes corresponding to the entities of interest, edges to their relationships and attributes on both provide additional characteristics. To mine such data structures we have proposed a visual analytic algebra that enhances the atomic operators of selection, aggregation and a visualization step that allows the user to interact with the data. However, in many settings the user has a certain degree of uncertainty about the desired query; the problem is further compounded if the final results are the product of a series of such uncertain queries. To address this issue, we introduce a probabilistic framework that incorporates uncertainty in the queries and provides a probabilistic assessment of the likelihood of the obtained outcomes. We discuss its technical characteristics and illustrate it on a number of examples.
Near-field flow structures about subcritical surface roughness

Laminar flow over a periodic array of cylindrical surface roughness elements is simulated with an immersed boundary spectral method both to validate the method for subsequent studies and to examine how persistent streamwise vortices are introduced by a low Reynolds number roughness element. Direct comparisons are made with prior studies at a roughness-based Reynolds number Rek (=U(k) k/ν) of 205 and a diameter to spanwise spacing ratio d/λ of 1/3. Downstream velocity contours match present and past experiments very well. The shear layer developed over the top of the roughness element produces the downstream velocity deficit. Upstream of the roughness element, the vortex topology is found to be consistent with juncture flow experiments, creating three cores along the recirculation line. Streamtraces stemming from these upstream cores, however, have unexpectedly little effect on the downstream flowfield as lateral divergence of the boundary layer quickly dissipates their vorticity. Long physical relaxation time of the recirculating wake behind the roughness remains a prominent issue for simulating this type of flowfield.
On the Imbalance Between the Real Estate Market and the Stock Markets in China

This article explores the imbalance between China's real estate market, which is booming, and the stock market, which has plunged over four years. Our empirical analysis shows that the two markets are systematically negatively related due to fund flows. The plummeting stock indexes are partly caused by the surge in the property market. In the meantime, the stock composite index is found to be significant in explaining housing-price movements, which are also affected by the inflation rate and hot money inflows. Policy measures redirecting the influx of funds from the housing market to the stock markets will help structural adjustment in stock markets, which is one of the nation's key tasks.
Leiomyosarcoma of the Deep Femoral Vein. A Rare Cause of Venous Obstruction in Lower Limbs and an Alternative Diagnosis to Chronic Venous Thrombus

Primary venous leiomyosarcoma of the extremities is an uncommon, but aggressive, tumoral entity with a high rate of local recurrence and early hematogenous metastasis. In the present article, we report a case of leiomyosarcoma of the vena profunda femoris. This pathology causes deep venous thrombosis-like symptoms. No improvement in lower limb status and a significant and progressive increase in the diameter of the vein as seen using ultrasonography could indicate tumor disease. Particular care must be taken to avoid biopsies due to the possible dissemination. We must complete the medical study with imaging techniques, and the tumor must be removed as soon as possible for histopathological diagnosis. After a follow-up of 12 months, there was no evidence of local or metastatic recurrence in our patient.
Chemical Looping Dry Reforming as Novel, Intensified Process for CO2 Activation

Chemical looping dry reforming (CLDR) is a novel, intensified route for CO2 activation. Two nanostructured carriers (Fe-BHA and Fe@SiO2) are synthesized, characterized, and evaluated with regard to activity and stability in thermogravimetric and fixed-bed CLDR reactor studies over a temperature range of ~500–800 °C. Fe-barium hexaaluminate (Fe-BHA) shows fast redox kinetics and stable operation over multiple CLDR cycles, while Fe@SiO2 exhibits poor activity for CO generation due to a partial loss of the core-shell structure and formation of silicates. While the latter could be removed via a two-step oxidation scheme, carrier utilization remained well below that of Fe-BHA (~ 51 % versus ~ 15 %). However, the two-step oxidation configuration turns the net endothermic CLDR process into a net exothermic process, opening up a highly efficient autothermal process alternative.
Council house sales and local government: A case of conflicting goals

William Field looks at council house sales in London to show how local authorities can influence how the policies of national governments are implemented.
Evolution of the Incidence of Cervical Cancer Among Hispanics and Asians in California Between 1990 and 2004

Purpose/Objective(s): This study aimed to evaluate the evolution of the invasive cervical cancer (CCa) incidence among Hispanics and Asians in California. Materials/Methods: Using data from the California Cancer Registry, comprising four of the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program registries, information on all primary CCa diagnosed in California from January 1, 1990, through December 31, 2004 was obtained. We analyzed the influence of ethnicity and nativity on the evolution of CCa incidence. Results: Among the 22,189 CCa cases diagnosed between 1990 and 2004, 50% were non-Hispanic white (NHW), 39% Hispanic and 11% Asian women. Among Hispanic and Asian women, 74% were foreign-born (FB). For the entire population, 70% were squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), 19% adenocarcinoma and 11% other histologies. Compared to NHW, there was a higher incidence of CCa in United States born Hispanics and FB Hispanics, Japanese, Filipino and Korean women (Incidence rate ratio [IRR]; 95% CI: 1.6 [1.5-1.7], 2.6 [2.5-2.7], 1.4 [1.2-1.7], 1.5 [1.4-1.6],and 1.8 [1.6-2.1], respectively). However, FB-South Asian, FB-Chinese and US-born Japanese had lower rates than NHW (IRR (95% CI): 0.8 (0.7-1.0), 0.9 (0.8-1.0), 0.6 (0.5-0.7), respectively). From 1990 to 2004, the incidence of CCa declined significantly for all groups of women except for United States-born Asian for whom the incidence remained stable (average percent of change [APC] were 2.44, 1.40 [1990-2002], 4.64 and 7.32 [1994-2004] for NHW, United States and FB-Hispanics and FBAsians, respectively). There was a reduction of the SCC incidence for all groups of women (APC: 6.37 [1990-1994] and 5.03 [1997-2004], 5.15 [1990-1995] and 9.84 [2000-2004], 5.07, 3.62, 8.07 [19932004] for NHW, United States-and FB-Hispanics, United States and FBAsian, respectively). The incidence of adenocarcinoma did not show a significant decrease with the exception of FB-Asian women, which showed a significant decrease for adenocarcinoma (APC: 3.95 [1990 -2004]). Local and regional disease declined significantly over the 14 years period for NHW, FB-and United States-born Hispanics and FB-Asian (APC: 2.58, 4.39, 12.42 [2000-2004], 5.62 for local disease and 2.06, 3.96, 2.27 and 6.73 for regional disease respectively). The incidence of distant disease has only decreased significantly in FBHispanics and FB-Asian (APC: 5.71 and 4.40, respectively). Conclusions: The incidence of CCa declined in NHW, Hispanics and Asian women in California from 1990 through 2004. The SCC incidence declined and the adenocarcinoma incidence remained stable. This difference between these histologies could be caused by less sensitivity for detecting endocervical glandular dysplasia and adenocarcinoma than for detecting squamous malignancy with pap smear. Author Disclosure: M. Froment: None. A. Roux: None. M.C. DeRouen: None. S.L. Gomez: None. E.A. Kidd: None.
USP10 Antagonizes c-Myc Transcriptional Activation through SIRT6 Stabilization to Suppress Tumor Formation

The reduced protein expression of SIRT6 tumor suppressor is involved in tumorigenesis. The molecular mechanisms underlying SIRT6 protein downregulation in human cancers remain unknown. Using a proteomic approach, we have identified the ubiquitin-specific peptidase USP10, another tumor suppressor, as one of the SIRT6-interacting proteins. USP10 suppresses SIRT6 ubiquitination to protect SIRT6 from proteasomal degradation. USP10 antagonizes the transcriptional activity of the c-Myc oncogene through SIRT6, as well as p53, to inhibit cell-cycle progression, cancer cell growth, and tumor formation. To support this conclusion, we detected significant reductions in both USP10 and SIRT6 protein expression in human colon cancers. Our study discovered crosstalk between two tumor-suppressive genes in regulating cell-cycle progression and proliferation and showed that dysregulated USP10 function promotes tumorigenesis through SIRT6 degradation.
Recombinant JC viral DNA: Verification and physical map of prototype

Abstract Genomic DNA of the human polyomavirus JC was molecularly cloned from DNA extracted from primary human fetal glial cells infected with prototype (MAD-1) virus and from diseased brain tissue from which JC virus originally was isolated. This report documents that these recombinant MAD-1 DNAs are identical, are prototypical, and may serve as unambiguous references to distinguish the variant DNAs produced by independent isolates of JC virus. Possible ambiguity in other recombinants of MAD-1 DNA is discussed. A new restriction endonuclease cleavage map of MAD-1 DNA was derived for 52 sites cleaved by eight enzymes.
Major depression and the risk of attempted suicide

We examined the risk of attempted suicide in 100 inpatients during a major depressive episode. We hypothesized that patients who attempt suicide have a vulnerability for suicidal behavior independent of severity or duration of depression, manifested by suicide attempts early in the course of a depressive episode. The first 3 months after the onset of an MDE and the first 5 years after the lifetime onset of major depressive disorder represented the highest-risk period for attempted suicide, independent of the severity or duration of depression. Familial, genetic, early-life loss experiences and comorbid alcoholism may be causal factors.
CYTOCHALASIN-B: TIME-LAPSE CINEMATOGRAPHIC STUDIES ON ITS EFFECTS ON CYTOKINESIS

L cells exposed to cytochalasin-B (cyto-B) show the normal development of deep cleavage furrows in both bipolar and multipolar cell divisions Due to the drug-induced inhibition of cellular motility, the resulting daughter cells do not move away from each other but reunite to form multinucleate cells. In mitotic cells from cultures exposed to cyto-B for long periods of time, vigorous blebbing and contraction of the cell surface is seen The evidence from time-lapse studies presented suggests that cyto-B-induced multinucleate cells are formed, not by the failure of the cleavage furrow, but by the drug-induced changes in surface activity and motility of cells after division.
Feasibility of Safety Applications Based on Intra-Car Wireless Sensor Networks: A Case Study

Nowadays, there are more than 150 sensors inside a car which are connected via wires to the Electronic Control Units (ECUs). The increase in the number of sensors put into a car adds significant weight to the car and makes the wiring system more complex. Intra-car Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is therefore a promising solution for automobile industry in the near future as it eliminates the amount of wiring harness and simplifies the wiring structure. The reduction in the weight of a car leads in a more efficient engine performance, better fuel economy, and reliability. In addition to the direct benefits, the Intra-car WSNs can be used for other applications. An example shown in this paper is a BLind spot Information System (BLIS). The Intra-car WSN-based BLIS is evaluated via real experiments on vehicles. The results show a comparable or even higher detection rate with other BLISs (i.e., based on cameras and radars). The main benefit of Intra- car WSNs-based BLIS is cost; the proposed system does not require additional hardware components (e.g., cameras or radars).
Almost optimal set covers in finite VC-dimension

We give a deterministic polynomial-time method for finding a set cover in a set system (X, ?) of dual VC-dimensiond such that the size of our cover is at most a factor ofO(d log(dc)) from the optimal size,c. For constant VC-dimensional set systems, which are common in computational geometry, our method gives anO(logc) approximation factor. This improves the previous ?(log?X?) bound of the greedy method and challenges recent complexity-theoretic lower bounds for set covers (which do not make any assumptions about the VC-dimension). We give several applications of our method to computational geometry, and we show that in some cases, such as those arising in three-dimensional polytope approximation and two-dimensional disk covering, we can quickly findO(c)-sized covers.
On the time variability of the HH jet ejection process

Two-dimensional emission line images of the HH30 jet were recently used (De Colle et al . 2010) to recover the three-dimensional structure of the jet by applying standard tomographic technique (“Tikhonov regularization techniques”). In this paper I show that it is possible to determine the ejection history of the HH30 jet by directly comparing the outcome of numerical simulations with the results of the tomographic inversion. In particular, it is shown that the HH30 jet electron density map is best reproduced by assuming a velocity variation at the base of the jet with a large scale periodicity (with a period of ~3 yrs) added to small scales velocity variation (with periods ≲months).
Ethnography in anthropology and its value for education

(1992). Ethnography in anthropology and its value for education. Theory Into Practice: Vol. 31, Qualitative Issues in Educational Research, pp. 116-125.
Constantly responsible, constantly worried, constantly blessed: parenting after pediatric heart transplant

Context—Very little research has focused on the long-term caregiving demands associated with parenting a child after a transplant or on the parents’ perceptions of those demands. Purpose—To describe parents’ experiences parenting a school-aged child after heart transplant. Design—Focused ethnography. Participants and Setting—Eleven parents of children who had undergone heart transplant 2 or more years before the study were recruited from a large children's hospital. Data Collection and Analysis—Parents were interviewed in a private location of their choice. Verbatim interview transcripts were analyzed by using content analysis and constant comparison. Results—The parents described their experiences in positive terms, yet acknowledged hardships. Key themes included (1) constantly responsible, (2) constantly worried, (3) constantly blessed, and (4) coping with life. The identified themes provide direction for interventions to help parents cope with the experience of parenting a child after heart transplant. With advances in health care, children with heart disease who require heart transplantation now live to adulthood. Although transplantation prolongs life, it is palliative, not curative, and brings with it a whole new set of responsibilities for parents caring for their children. Unfortunately, very little research has focused on the long-term caregiving demands associated with parenting a child after a transplant or on the parents’ perceptions of caring for that child. After transplant, parents face many complicated short-term and long-term challenges. Most posttransplant care is now provided at home, which leaves most of the responsibility for care with the parents. The responsibility for medical care, parents’ concerns about complications, and the normal tasks and concerns associated with raising a child can combine to place a great deal of stress on parents.