cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
PageRank and the random surfer model

In recent years there has been considerable interest in analyzing random graph models for the Web. We consider two such models - the Random Surfer model, introduced by Blum et al. [7], and the PageRank-based selection model, proposed by Pandurangan et al. [18]. It has been observed that search engines influence the growth of the Web. The PageRank-based selection model tries to capture the effect that these search engines have on the growth of the Web by adding new links according to Pagerank. The PageRank algorithm is used in the Google search engine [1] for ranking search results. We show the equivalence of the two random graph models and carry out the analysis in the Random Surfer model, since it is easier to work with. We analyze the expected in-degree of vertices and show that it follows a powerlaw. We also analyze the expected PageRank of vertices and show that it follows the same powerlaw as the expected degree. We show that in both models the expected degree and the PageRank of the first vertex, the root of the graph, follow the same powerlaw. However, the power undergoes a phase-transition as we vary the parameter of the model. This peculiar behavior of the root has not been observed in previous analysis and simulations of the two models.
Absence of Cross Reactivity between Heterophile and Dye Test Antibodies.

SummaryThe prevalence and level of dye test antibodies was found to be comparable in sera from students with and without a positive heterophile test. Dye test antibodies were completely separable from heterophile antibodies present in the same sera by means of specific adsorption techniques and by exclusion chromatography on Sephadex G 200.
MR diffusion imaging in stroke: review and controversies.

Magnetic resonance (MR) diffusion imaging allows detection of cerebral ischemia within minutes of onset, and the temporal evolution of diffusion characteristics enables differentiation of acute from chronic stroke. T2-weighted MR imaging demonstrates infarcted tissue but fails to demonstrate acutely ischemic regions. Furthermore, the similar signal intensity characteristics of acute and chronic stroke on T2-weighted images limit the ability to determine the acuteness of an infarct. Diffusion imaging thus has tremendous potential for helping direct the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. Controversy exists over the pathophysiology of underlying changes in diffusion and the reversibility of changes after reperfusion in humans. There is also a lack of reproducibility in the time course of diffusion changes between research centers. Use of optimal diffusion imaging strategies results in increased conspicuity of ischemic regions and increased reproducibility of diffusion constants between research centers. An ...
TERRAIN AWARENESS USING A TERRAIN ENHANCED PRIMARY FLIGHT DISPLAY

This reseach investigated factors contributing to the effectiveness of using a terrain enhanced primary flight display for detecting and avoiding potential controlled flight into terrain (CFIT) accidents. Situational factors involve the position of the aircraft with respect to the terrain in vertical separation and two forms of horizontal separation. Three levels of pilot experience were also investigated.
XXIX.—Some Helicoid snails from Machuria

(1926). XXIX.—Some Helicoid snails from Machuria. Annals and Magazine of Natural History: Vol. 17, No. 98, pp. 226-228.
Art in action : toward a Christian aesthetic

Taking vigorous issue with the pervasive Western notion that the arts exist essentially for the purpose of aesthetic contemplation, Nicholas Wolterstorff proposes instead what he sees as an authentically Christian perspective: that art has a legitimate, even necessary, place in everyday life. While granting that galleries, theaters and concert halls serve a valid purpose, Wolterstorff argues that art should also be appreciated in action -- in private homes, in hotel lobbies, in factories and grocery stores, on main street. His conviction that art should be multifunction is basic to the author's views on art in the city (he regards most American cities as dehumanizing wastelands of aesthetic squalor, dominated by the demands of the automobile), and leads him to a helpful discussion of its role in worship and the church. Developing an aesthetic that is basically grounded, yet always sensitive to the human need for beauty, Wolterstorff make a brilliant contribution to understanding how art can serve to broaden and enrich our lives.
Optimum and adaptive array processing in frequency-wavenumber space

In this paper a frequency-domain adaptive array structure is derived that processes data in selected regions of frequency-wave-number space to provide an MMSE estimate of a signal component of the observed acoustic field. The desired "optimal" processor structure is derived by appealing to the Sherman-Morrison inversion lemma to invert the sum of a diagonal noise matrix and several diadic matrices corresponding to plane-wave propagating signal and interference fields. The structure reduces to a parallel structure of beamformer-gain elements whose beamformer directions (phase delays) and gains are unknown because of a priori ignorance concerning interference directions and levels. The structure is adapted to these uncertainties by forming a stochastic approximation algorithm for the gains of several beams directed to a finite set of possible interference directions.
Characteristics and anxiety symptom presentation associated with autism spectrum traits in youth with anxiety disorders

There is limited information about the nature of anxiety among youth with symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The present study examined (a) differences in the clinical characteristics of anxious youth with and without symptoms of ASD and (b) the symptoms of anxiety that best distinguish between these groups. Results indicated that anxious youth with elevated ASD symptoms had significantly more diagnoses (e.g., specific phobias), and were more likely to meet diagnostic criteria for social phobia (and list social concerns among their top fears) than youth without elevated ASD symptoms. At the symptom level, severity of interpersonal worry based on parent report and severity of fear of medical (doctor/dentist) visits based on youth report best differentiated ASD status. The findings inform diagnostic evaluations, case conceptualization, and treatment planning for youth with anxiety disorders and ASD symptoms.
Gleason's Theorem Has a Constructive Proof

Gleason's theorem for R 3 says that if f is a nonnegative function on the unit sphere with the property that f(x) + f(y) + f(z) is a fixed constant for each triple x,y,z of mutually orthogonal unit vectors, then f is a quadratic form. We examine the issues raised by discussions in this journal regarding the possibility of a constructive proof of Gleason"s theorem in light of the recent publication of such a proof.
Axisymmetric Thermocapillary Migration of Two Deformable Viscous Drops

Abstract The axisymmetric motion and deformation of two viscous drops in a temperature field with an imposed gradient along their line of centers are considered. When heat convection and inertial effects are neglected, the temperature and velocity fields for significant drop deformations are computed using boundary-integral techniques for Laplace's and Stokes’ equations, respectively. Detailed numerical results on drop motion, drop deformation, and the temporal evolution of gap width between the drops are presented for equal viscosities of the drops and surrounding fluid. The effects of the capillary number, the drop size ratio, and the drop-to-medium conductivity ratio on drop motion and deformation are illustrated. It is found that the hydrodynamic interactions between the drops have a stronger effect on the smaller of the two drops, in terms of both drop motion and drop deformation. Deformation has a large effect on the rate of drainage of the thin film between the drops, but relatively little effect on the velocities of the drop centers. The results are discussed in light of previous theoretical and computational studies of two spherical drops or bubbles in thermocapillary motion, as well as existing lubrication analyses on the close approach and interaction of two deforming drops. The numerical results discussed herein are consistent with and complementary to the theoretical findings of S. G. Yiantsios and R. H. Davis ( J. Colloid Interface Sci. 144, 412 (1991)), who performed a lubrication analysis for two deforming drops in near-contact motion due to gravity and showed that small drop deformations reduce the film drainage rate and prevent drop coalescence in the absence of attractive forces.
The Spatial Frequency Response of Orthogonal Strip Detectors

The spatial frequency aliasing properties of orthogonal strip electrode, position sensing germanium detectors have been investigated both analytically and experimentally. The study demonstrates that alising is a property of strip electrode detectors but not necessarily a property of strip electrode cameras. Aliasing in gamma cameras can be eliminated using the collimator and spatial channel electronics as anti-aliasing spatial frequency filters. The system resolution of a strip electrode gamma camera is determined by the collimator resolution and the intrinsic detector resolution. The collimator resolution is a function of the source depth while the intrinsic detector resolution is a function of the strip width spacing and the spatial channel readout electronics. The elimination of aliasing limits the overall spatial resolution of a camera to 1.7 to 2.3 times the strip width spacing depending on readout technique. It should be noted that this is not the intrinsic detector resolution but rather the camera resolution at the source depth for which the collimator is designed. The spatial resolution at depth for first generation clinical germanium cameras is anticipated to be from 1.7 mm to 4.6 mm.
The "Private School Advantage" in Argentina

Local actors' perceptions of curricular and management changes in two private schools and one neighboring public secondary school in the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina, are analyzed. An exploration was conducted of how, within an ideologically and politically pro-reform context and a widespread acceptance of the "private school advantage," principals, teachers, and students in these schools evaluated the changes (or lack of them) in management, teaching, and curriculum orientations of the secondary education sector.
Dry triboelectrostatic beneficiation of fly ash

A laboratory-scale triboelectrostatic separation system in conjunction with analytical techniques was used to study fly ash beneficiation. Fly ash samples were characterized by size analysis and carbon content and then subjected to dry triboelectrostatic separation. Due to differences in the surface physical and chemical properties of the carbon and ash, particles of unburnt carbon and fly ash were triboelectrically charged to opposite polarity and then separated by passing them through a static electric field. Ash fractions deposited on the positive and negative electrodes were collected, analysed for carbon content and subjected to SEM and petrographic analyses. The results indicate that the physical and chemical properties of the ash dictate the maximum carbon-ash separation that would be possible. In addition, the potential of dry separation technology for removing unburnt carbon from coal ash was demonstrated.
A world away from venture capital funds: biotechnology and finance in Shanghai

A survey of the financing methods of 19 Shanghai medicinal biotechnology companies revealed a lack of private venture capital fund participation. Alternatively, these companies have obtained financing from government sources based substantially on the reputation and relationships of the companies' officers with government officials. This aligns with recent literature suggesting that China is an exception to the dominant body of literature on the relationship of strong legal and financial institutions to the commercialisation process. The dominant body of literature suggests that strong legal and financial institutions are needed to provide patent protection to promote inventions and their commercialisation which, in turn, protects investors and promotes financing of the commercialisation process.
Localization of binding sites for insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in the rat brain by quantitative autoradiography

In vitro quantitative autoradiography was used to localize IGF-I binding sites in rat brain. Slide-mounted sections of frozen rat brain were incubated in 0.01 nM 125I[Thr59]IGF-I, alone or mixed with 10 nM unlabeled [Thr59]IGF-I or insulin, for 22 h at 4 degrees C and apposed to LKB Ultrofilm. Measurement of labeled [Thr59]IGF-I binding by computer digital image analysis of the autoradiographic images indicated that high affinity IGF-I binding sites are widely distributed at discrete anatomical regions of the brain microarchitecture. The highest concentration of specific binding sites was in the choroid plexus of the lateral and third ventricles. Unlabeled porcine insulin was less potent than unlabeled IGF-I in competing for binding sites on brain slices. Regions of the olfactory, visual, and auditory, as well as visceral and somatic sensory systems were labeled, in particular the glomerular layer of the olfactory bulb, the anterior olfactory nucleus, accessory olfactory bulb, primary olfactory cortex, lateral-dorsal geniculate, superior colliculus, medial geniculate, and the spinal trigeminal nucleus. High concentrations of IGF-I-specific binding sites were present throughout the thalamus and the hippocampus, (dentate gyrus, Ca1, Ca2, Ca3). The hypothalamus had moderate binding in the paraventricular, supraoptic, and suprachiasmatic nucleus. Highest binding in the hypothalamus was in the median eminence. The arcuate nucleus showed very low specific binding, approaching the levels found in optic chiasm and white matter regions. Layers II and VI of the cerebral cortex also had moderate IGF-I binding. The results suggest that the development and functions of brain sensory and neuroendocrine pathways may be regulated by IGF-I.
Hazards of Interpretation of Dissipation-Factor Tip-Up Deterninations

Several contributions to the study of empirical correlation between tip-up and insulation life are reviewed. In addition to the published literature some previously unpublished field measurements are cited. Some investigators report favorable correlation while others report the contrary. Our own experience on two different insulation systems indicates that the extent and the nature of correlation is dependent on the kind of insulation system which is being evaluated. It is concluded that tip-up determinations can have their uses in weeding out unusual and atypical insulation. The absolute level of tip-up will be a function of the kind of insulation system being tested, and variations among systems can be completely uncorrelated with performance.
Synaptic and membrane properties of neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamus.

Abstract Studies in intact rats have shown that the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) plays a key role in generating stress-induced physiologic changes, including activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis through direct projections to paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN). However, little is known about the cellular properties of DMH neurons. We employed whole-cell patch-clamp recording techniques to characterize membrane properties and spontaneous post-synaptic currents (PSCs) in DMH neurons, including those projecting to PVN (identified by prior injection of DiI into PVN), in rat hypothalamic slices. DMH neurons ( n =86 total) had uniform membrane properties. However, PVN-projecting neurons ( n =32) had higher action potential (AP) thresholds, and fired fewer APs in response to current injection. Spontaneous PVN-projecting neurons ( n =20) also fired APs at lower rates (4.8±0.6 Hz) than spontaneous neurons of unknown projection ( n =38; 7.3±1.1 Hz). Spontaneous PSCs were observed in all neurons: One population expressed rapid decay characteristics (1.5–2.0 ms) and was blocked by non-NMDA ionotropic glutamate receptor antagonists NBQX or CNQX. Remaining PSCs reversed near E Cl , were blocked by the GABA A receptor antagonists picrotoxin or bicuculline methiodide (BMI), and had longer decay time constants (4.5–6.0 ms) that were modulated by pentobarbital. Tetrodotoxin markedly reduced the frequency of PSCs sensitive to NBQX but not to BMI. Thus, DMH is made up of electrophysiologically similar neurons and PVN-projecting neurons are less excitable than neurons of unknown projection. Furthermore, as suggested by studies in intact rats, neurons in the DMH, including those projecting to the PVN, are regulated by tonic GABA A and non-NMDA glutamate receptor-mediated synaptic transmission.
Intelligence among persons with Turner's syndrome

Wechsler intelligence scale IQ distributions from a representative sample of 67 persons with Turner's syndrome are compared with distributions from a control sample of subjects individually matched for age, race, education, and other social characteristics. Among the probands, there is no increased incidence of either severe or moderate retardation, intelligence is similar regardless of karyotype or somatic stigmata, and the characteristic cognitive deficit is similar among both children and young adults.
Conflict analysis and management alternative for the Manayunk Canal.

The solution of a water resource allocation problem by an alternative social arrangement is presented. Classical Austrian economic theory and the new resources economics provide both theoretical and practical evidence to support the development of well-defined, private property rights to the water resource in question. A conflict analysis demonstrates that management of the Manayunk Canal by a firm would reconcile existing confrontations through compromise use of the water resource. Benefit and cost calculations show that a compromise among industrial and recreational interests, currently competing in the political arena, would increase social benefits.
Violent Police-Citizen Encounters: An Analysis of Major Newspaper Accounts

This paper investigates trends in police brutality using data found through the Lexis/Nexis system. Using the keywords "police brutality," 15 newspapers classified as "major papers" by the Lexis/Ne...
Mechanical Thrombolysis of Venous Thrombosis in an Animal Model with Use of Temporary Caval Filtration

PURPOSE To test the effect of temporary caval filtration on pulmonary emboli when a mechanical thrombolytic device is used to treat venous thrombosis and to test the effects of a modified device on caval patency at 30-day follow-up. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a canine model of iliocaval subacute thrombosis, mechanical thrombolysis was performed with use of an 8-F over-the-wire Arrow-Trerotola Percutaneous Thrombolytic Device (PTD) with a 9-mm (iliac) or 15-mm (inferior vena cava [IVC]) basket. In six procedures, the device was made of nitinol monofilament, and in another six, it was made of braided stainless steel. All procedures were performed with a nitinol expandable sheath (temporary filter) in the suprarenal IVC. Low-molecular-weight heparin was given daily after the procedure. Venography, pulmonary arteriography, measurement of blood gases, and pulmonary artery (PA) pressure measurement were performed before and after the procedure and at 30-day follow-up. Pulmonary arteriograms from the group treated with stainless-steel devices were compared to those from an earlier group of animals in which the identical procedure was performed without caval filtration. The IVC was examined histologically. RESULTS Thrombolysis was successful in all animals. Rare segmental and subsegmental pulmonary emboli (PE) were seen arteriographically; compared to procedures without filters, there was a significant reduction in PE ( P 2 were observed postprocedurally. At 30-day follow-up ( n = 11), IVC patency was preserved in 45% ( n = 5) of animals overall. Caval patency was significantly better in animals in which the combination of stainless-steel devices was used (five of six=83% vs zero with nitinol device; P = .015). Histologically, the stainless-steel device caused little intimal injury and fibrosis—less than that seen with the nitinol device. CONCLUSIONS Temporary filtration reduces, but does not completely eliminate, PE during mechanical thrombolysis. The stainless-steel device results in less intimal injury and better caval patency than the nitinol device.
Polystyrene fluorescence: effects of molecular weight in various solvents

Because excimer formation occurs by the rotation of bonds to bring two adjacent chromophores into a coplanar arrangement, the ratio of excimer to monomer fluorescence intensity (I/sub E//I/sub M/) was used as a probe of the conformational transitions in these molecules. Four solvents were used in the studies.
Utilization of Proline during Healing of Fractures

SUMMER1 has recently demonstrated that following oral administration of proline the level of serum proline was lower in children afflicted with osteogenesis imperfecta than in normal children. Since this effect was shown not to be due to urinary excretion, it seemed that the relative rate of proline disappearance from the blood system (proline ‘tolerance’) could serve as an index of connective tissue metabolism. To determine the validity of this concept, the serum proline concentration was measured by the method of Troll and Lindsey2, at two intervals after an intravenous injection of proline into normal rabbits and into rabbits with healing fractures.
Alternatives to NIMBY gridlock: voluntary approaches to radioactive waste facility siting in Canada and the United States

: Neither Canada nor the United States has sited a new radioactive waste management facility in more than two decades, despite the continuous generation of new waste and the paucity of reliable disposal capacity. Both nations have stirred up considerable political controversy in attempting to site such facilities, with aggressive local collective action consistently blocking proposals. Building on provincial experience in gaining public support for hazardous waste facility siting tlirough a voluntary, comprehensive process, both Ontario and Nebraska Show signs of devi˜ting from the classic Not-in-My-Back-Yard (NIMBY) response for low-level radioactive waste. Through a variation of the process used successfully in Alberta and Manitoba for hazardous waste, Ontario and Nebraska have demonstrated the potential applicability of these alternative siting principles for radioactive waste. Sommaire: Ni le Canada, ni les Etats-Unis n'ont construit de nouvelles installations de gestion des dechets radioactifs depuis plus de deux decennies, malgre la production continuelie de dechets supplementaires et malgre la faible capacite d'elimination fiable. Les deux nations ont declenche des controverses politiques considerables en essayant de mettre en place de telles installations, et leurs propositions ont ete bloquees systematiquement et agressivement par les collectivites locales. Forts de certaines experiences provinciales pour gagner le soutien du public ewers l'emplacement d'une installation de dechets dangereux grâce a un processus volontaire et extensif, l'Ontario et le Nebraska semblent devier de la reaction classique “ pas dans ma cour ” en ce qui concerne les dechets faiblement radioactifs. Par l'entremise d'une variante du processus utilise avec succes pour les dechets dnngereux en Alberta et au Manitoba, l'Ontario et le Nebraska ont demontre qu'on pourrait eventuellement appliqucr ces principes de rechanpe pour l'emplacement des installations traitant les dechets radioactifs.
A parameterized compound-model chemistry for morphing the intermolecular potential of OC–HCl

Abstract An alternative approach to morphing the potential energy surfaces of non-covalent interactions is introduced in which morphed potentials are generated as linear combinations of ab initio potentials computed at different levels of theory. The parameterized compound-model chemistry approach, developed here, does not require scaling, shifting and dilation transformations used in previous morphing studies. This new morphing approach is applied to OC–HCl and found to be of similar accuracy as the previous morphing method. Also, consideration is given to the additional possibility that this new approach may lead to transferable empirical parameters.
Transforming growth factor-alpha, epidermal growth factor receptor, and PCNA immunoexpression in uterine leiomyosarcomas and leiomyomas in B6C3F1 mice.

Summary The role of growth factors in the development of murine uterine mesenchymal tumors is unknown. In this study, immunohistochemical expression of transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-α) and its receptor epidermal growth factor (EGF-R) was assessed in spontaneous uterine leiomyomas and leiomyosarcomas in B6C3F1 mice. Cell proliferation, which has been induced by some growth factors, was evaluated by immunohistochemical detection of an endogenous marker of cell proliferation, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). PCNA labeling indices were determined and compared to the intensity and distribution of TGF-α staining in sequential sections of control myometrium or tumor tissue. Results showed uterine leiomyosarcomas had positive cytoplasmic staining for TGF-α; however, all uterine lei om yom as evaluated were negative. Positive EGF-R staining was also observed in the uterine leiomyosarcomas, but not in the leiomyomas. EGFR immunoexpression was detected primarily within the cytoplasm of the leiomyosarcoma cells, with occasional nuclear immunoreactivity. Immunohistochemical staining for PCNA was more intense and there were increased numbers of positively staining nuclei in the leiomyosarcomas compared to samples of control myometrium or leiomyomas. The mean labeling index for the uterine leiomyosarcomas (7.40%) was significantly (p
Using microcomputers to advance research in language disorders

We are at a critical point in advancing our knowledge of language disorders in both children and adults. The past decade of research has made clear that human verbal communication can no longer be productively studied in isolation from cognitive, social, and physiological developments. The complexity of verbal communication, the length of the acquisition period, the basis of its origins, and the variety of disorders documented to date require broad-based, interdisciplinary research efforts in the future.
In situ SAXS and WAXS of zeolite microwave synthesis

In situ small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) studies were carried out during microwave and conventional synthesis of zeolites using a custom waveguide reactor. In situ SAXS studies showed that the crystallization of NaY zeolite was preceded by a reorganization of nano-sized particles in their precursor solutions or gels. In situ WAXS was used to observe the rate of formation of crystalline zeolite products.
Total Synthesis of Chloropeptin II (Complestatin) and Chloropeptin I

The first total synthesis of chloropeptin II (1, complestatin) is disclosed. Key elements of the approach include the use of an intramolecular Larock indole synthesis for the initial macrocyclization, adopting conditions that permit utilization of a 2-bromoaniline, incorporating a terminal alkyne substituent (-SiEt(3)) that sterically dictates the indole cyclization regioselectivity, and benefiting from an aniline protecting group (-Ac) that enhances the atropdiastereoselectivity and diminishes the strained indole reactivity toward subsequent electrophilic reagents. Not only did this key reaction provide the fully functionalized right-hand ring system of 1 in superb conversion (89%) and good atropdiastereoselectivity (4:1 R:S), but it also represents the first reported example of what will prove to be a useful Larock macrocyclization strategy. Subsequent introduction of the left-hand ring system enlisting an aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction for macrocyclization with biaryl ether formation completed the assemblage of the core bicyclic structure of 1. Intrinsic in the design of the approach and by virtue of the single-step acid-catalyzed conversion of chloropeptin II (1) to chloropeptin I (2), the route also provides a total synthesis of 2.
089 Occlusive Dressing Reduces Inflammatory Response and Alters Connexin Expression in a Rat Incisional Model

Introduction: There is growing clinical evidence that moist wounds show improved wound healing in terms of less scar tissue formation and better cosmesis. Increased levels of wound fluid improve migration of keratinocytes along the wound surface. Occlusive dressings provide such a hydrated wound environment. However, the underlying mechanisms on how occluded wounds exert the clinical observed effect are yet barely understood. We hypothesized, that keratinocytes play a keyrole in hydrated wounds by sending cytokine signals to upper epidermal layers and even more important to the dermis. We therefore focused on connexins, intercellular channels that are strongly involved in cell-cell communication, hemostasis, and small molecule exchange. Methods: Full thickness incisions to the panniculus carnosus were made on female Fisher rats. Both incisions were closed in a subcuticular fashion using 5-0 polypropylene suture. One incision on each rat was randomly covered with an occlusive dressing until harvest. Wounds were harvested on PODs 3, 7, and 10. RNA was selectively extracted from both the epidermis and dermis. Histo"logy slides were preliminary evaluated by using a 0–4 scale rating cellularity count in the epithelium, subepithelium, and peripanniculous as well as epithelial thickness. Results: Cellularity count was significantly reduced in the epithelial and subepithelial compartment of occluded wounds as well as the epithelial thickness in occluded wounds (p < 0,05). QRT-PCR analysis revealed a significant up-regulation of Cx30-mRNA on POD10 in occluded wounds versus nonoccluded wounds. Conclusion: Our results suggest that occlusion promotes epithelialization and maturation of incisional wounds most likely through hydration. Up-regulation of Connexin30 on POD10 supports that thesis, as it suggests an advanced communication process in keratinocytes in occluded wounds.
A Longitudinal Examination of the Effects of LMX, Ability, and Differentiation on Team Performance

Leader–Member Exchange (LMX) theory posits that effective leaders form dyadic relationships with followers that differ in quality, and that differentiation positively affects team performance. The purpose of this study was to test the notion that leader differentiation positively impacts team performance, and to investigate whether such effects differ at different points in the team’s lifecycle. Longitudinal data from three studies of a total of 125 small project teams were used. LMX was assessed at three points during the teams’ lifecycle, and used to predict independent expert ratings of team performance and team members’ ratings of team development assessed at the end of the team’s lifecycle. The effects of leader and follower ability were also examined. Results of latent growth curve analysis indicated a positive effect for LMX differentiation on team performance, but only for LMX differentiation near the end of the team’s lifecycle. Differentiation was unrelated to team development. The findings suggest that managers of work teams who differentiate among their employees in terms of their dyadic LMX relationships may elicit higher levels of team performance, provided that such differentiation occurs later rather than earlier in the team’s lifecycle. To our knowledge, this is the first study to show that the effects for LMX differentiation on team performance differ depending on at what point in the team’s lifecycle LMX is assessed, and that such effects are distinct from those on team development.
The Effects of Aerobic Exercise and Strengthening Exercise on Pain Pressure Thresholds

[Purpose] We assessed the effects of aerobic exercise and strengthening exercise on pain pressure thresholds (PPTs) over time. [Subjects and Methods] Fifteen healthy participants were recruited and randomly divided into 3 groups: aerobic exercise, strengthening exercise, and control. The subjects in the aerobic group walked on a treadmill for 40 min at 6.5 km/h. The subjects in the strength group performed circuit training that included bench press, lat pull down, biceps curl, triceps extension, and shoulder press based on the perceived exertion for 40 min. The subjects in the control group rested without any exercise in a quiet room for 40 min. The PPTs of 5 potential muscle trigger points before exercise, and immediately after 10 and 40 min of exercise or rest were measured using an electronic algometer (JTECH Medical, USA). The Friedman’s, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney tests were performed using SPSS 18.0 (IBM, Korea). [Results] The PPTs of all subjects decreased after 10 min of exercise, but the difference was not statistically significant. The PPTs of the control group decreased after 40 min. Furthermore, the PPTs of 3 muscles increased after 40 min of aerobic exercise and of 6 muscles after 40 min of strengthening exercise. No significant difference in PPTs was noted among the groups. [Conclusion] The results show that 40 min is a more appropriate exercise time, although the efficacy of controlling pain did not differ between strengthening exercise and aerobic exercise.
LEC growth of In-doped GaAs with bottom solid feeding

Abstract A single-crucible technique for segregation reduction was used in liquid-encapsulated Czochralski (LEC) growth of In-doped GaAs to grow single crystals homogeneous in composition. The melt was replenished from below with a solid feed of the targeted crystal composition C 0 . The crucible was deeper than that in conventional LEC in order to accommodate the solid feed at the bottom as well as the melt at the top. The melt was leveled (enriched) to C 0 / k , where k is the effective segregation coefficient. Two heaters were used, the top one for the melt and the bottom one for the solid feed, in order to minimize changes in the melt depth and hence the melt composition. The need for a second crucible and the problem of B 2 O 3 plugging in double-crucible techniques were both eliminated. Crystals with essentially uniform InAs concentrations of 0.04 and 0.1 mol% InAs were grown.
Abnormal tyrosine phosphorylation on T-cell receptor in lymphoproliferative disorders

The study of human autoimmune diseases has benefited greatly from analysis of animal models. Mice that are homozygous for either the lpr (lymphoproliferation) or gld (generalized lymphoproliferative disease) mutant genes develop a disease characterized by massive lymphadenopathy and autoantibody formation. With age, the lymphoid organs in these mice are replaced with a greatly expanded population of abnormal lymphocytes. Recent work has shown that these cells are likely to be in the T-cell lineage. They rearrange and transcribe the genes for the alpha and beta subunits of the T-cell receptor (TCR) and a third, T-cell receptor-like gene, T gamma. As determined by immunofluorescence with anti-receptor antibodies the cells also express TCR on the cell surface. The murine T-cell receptor consists of the alpha and beta chains, derived from the rearranged alpha and beta genes, in non-covalent association with seven other chains; the delta chain, of relative molecular mass (Mr) 26,000 (26K), the epsilon chain (25K), a glycosylated 21K chain (gp21) which is probably the homologue of the gamma chain of T3 (CD3), a 16K homodimer (zeta) and a 21K dimer (p21). This multichain complex is thought to be the murine analogue of the human T3 complex. After activation of normal T cells by antigen or lectin, p21 is phosphorylated on tyrosine residues and gp21 is phosphorylated on serine residues. In contrast, in the gld and lpr cells, p21 is phosphorylated even in the absence of antigen or lectin, whereas gp21 is not phosphorylated.
A knowledge-intensive planner for construction projects

Abstract This paper reviews the capabilities and application of the CONSTRUCTION PLANEX system. This knowledge-based expert system assists in the selection of construction technology, the definition of work tasks, the estimation of required resources and durations, the estimation of costs, and the preparation of a project schedule. The system has been applied in laboratory simulations in three ways: interactively as an intelligent assistant, independently as an automated planner, and as part of an integrated building design environment. CONSTRUCTION PLANEX can plan for the excavation and structural erection of concrete and steel buildings; example applications have ranged from two to twenty stories. Provisions are included in the system for expanding the knowledge base to consider other functional elements or facility types. Descriptions of the system architecture, knowledge representation scheme, control procedures, and applications are included.
Counselors and the Legalization of Physician‐Assisted Suicide

With the shift in Americans' beliefs regarding legalizing physician-assisted suicide for the terminally ill, counselors must be prepared to counsel clients who have decided to end their lives. For counselors to avoid violating the ethical guidelines established by the American Counseling Association (ACA) regarding counseling these clients, a reevaluation of the ACA ethical standards may be needed.
The ineffective police leader: Acts of commission and omission

Abstract The consequences of ineffective leaders and leadership practices, both in policing and in other occupational contexts, are well-established. Though ineffective leadership is often lamented, it has been subjected to limited scholarly inquiry. This study seeks to understand the traits and habits a group of police supervisors perceived in leaders they characterized as ineffective. Mid-career police supervisors attending the FBI National Academy completed open-ended surveys assessing their experiences with and perceptions of a variety of leadership matters. Based upon a consensus approach, the findings provide a framework to link negative leadership traits with individual and organizational outcomes. Respondents identified a number of traits and habits that were common among the ineffective police leaders participants had observed. In particular, five acts of commission (focus on self over others, ego/arrogance, closed mindedness, micromanagement, and capriciousness) and five acts of omission (poor work ethic, failure to act, ineffective communication, lack of interpersonal skills, and lack of integrity) emerged as recurrent themes in the survey responses.
Ex vivo and in vivo imaging of myelin fibers in mouse brain by coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy

Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy was applied to image myelinated fibers in different regions of a mouse brain. The CARS signal from the CH2 symmetric stretching vibration allows label-free imaging of myelin sheath with 3D sub-micron resolution. Compared with two-photon excited fluorescence imaging with lipophilic dye labeling, CARS microscopy provides sharper contrast and avoids photobleaching. The CARS signal exhibits excitation polarization dependence which can be eliminated by reconstruction of two complementary images with perpendicular excitation polarizations. The capability of imaging myelinated fibers without exogenous labeling was used to map the whole brain white matter in brain slices and to analyze the microstructural anatomy of brain axons. Quantitative information about fiber volume%, myelin density, and fiber orientations was derived. Combining CARS with two-photon excited fluorescence allowed multimodal imaging of myelinated axons and other cells. Furthermore, in vivo CARS imaging on an upright microscope clearly identified fiber bundles in brain subcortex white matter. These advances open up new opportunities for the study of brain connectivity and neurological disorders.
Experimental approach to the study of immune function in children with possible human immunodeficiency virus infection.

The clinical immunology laboratory is often called on to assess risk in pediatric patients with clinical evidence of immunodeficiency and possible human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) exposure while antibody tests are being considered or are underway. Since non–HIV-related conditions including neoplasia, certain viruses, and primary immunodeficiency can potentially produce lymphocyte subset imbalance and functional impairment, there is need for a laboratory approach to differential analysis of pediatric immunodeficiency. In addition, laboratory methods may also influence the results obtained. In order to investigate these issues, we screened pediatric patients with and without HIV exposure. Altered lymphocyte subset expression and function were found among non-HIV-infected pediatric patients. The use of percentage and absolute lymphocyte numbers was found to affect the results obtained in a significant manner. Some patients who were chronic blood transfusion recipients were found to have blocking factors, presumably alloantibodies, in serum, which affected detection of lymphocyte surface antigens. In this population, age at seroconversion was a factor influencing subsequent levels of CD4 + T lymphocytes. Significant differences in CD4+ T lymphocyte percentages were also observed in children congenitally exposed to HIV compared with controls, even among those children with CD4/CD8 ratios greater than 1.0, who therefore had possibly escaped infection. Immune changes in children should be interpreted with caution.
Combining ventral buccal mucosal graft onlay and dorsal full thickness skin graft inlay decreases failure rates in long bulbar strictures (≥6 cm).

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of augmenting ventral onlay buccal urethroplasty using a using a double-sided graft technique by adding a second, full-thickness skin graft (FTSG) dorsally in long strictures ≥4 cm, we hypothesized that a double-sided graft technique would improve surgical outcomes over buccal mucosal graft (BMG) ventral onlay urethroplasty alone. Methods Retrospective chart review was performed comparing 15 patients who had undergone double-sided BMG + FTSG urethroplasty for long strictures ≥4 cm to a cohort group of 115 patients who had undergone BMG onlay urethroplasty for strictures of similar length. Comparisons of age, stricture lengths, time-to-failure, follow-up intervals, and failure rates were analyzed. Further analysis included age and stricture length matched control comparisons between BMG + FTSG patients to BMG only patients. Results Mean patient age, stricture length, and time to stricture recurrence were 44 years, 5.1 cm, and 10 months, respectively, in the BMG group. For the BMG + FTSG group, mean age was 52 years, stricture length 5.9 cm, and time to recurrence was 9 months. Overall, the BMG group had a decreased failure rate; 17% compared to 21%. Further analysis showed BMG ventral onlay had decreased failure rates for strictures Conclusion Combined BMG and FTSG urethroplasty for very long bulbar urethral strictures ≥6 cm improve success rates compared to using BMG urethroplasty alone.
SU(3) deconfining phase transition with finite volume corrections due to a confined exterior

Using the geometry of a double-layered torus, we investigate the deconfining phase transition of pure SU(3) lattice gauge theory by Markov chain Monte Carlo simulations. In one layer, called ``outside,'' the temperature is set below the deconfining temperature and in the other, called ``inside,'' it is iterated to a pseudotransition temperature. Lattice sizes are chosen in a range suggested by the physical volumes achieved in relativistic heavy ion collisions, and both temperatures are kept close enough to stay in the SU(3) scaling region, which is required for approaching a quantum continuum limit. Properties of the transition are studied as a function of the volume for three outside temperatures. When compared with infinite volume extrapolations, small volume corrections of the deconfining temperature and width compete with those found by including quarks. Effective finite-size scaling exponents of the specific heat and Polyakov loop susceptibilities are also calculated.
President's proposed budget for FY04 generally favorable for science

The executive committee of the Solar-Planetary Relationships Section met December 4, 1988, at the AGU Fall Meeting in San Francisco. The following is the President's report on that meeting. The SPR Section of AGU carries the responsibility for the vitality of the fields of solar, heliospheric and magnetospheric physics and aeronomy. What AGU does and, in particular, what the SPR Section does will affect the course of science in these disciplines by enhancing or diminishing the communication between scientists. In realization of this the SPR executive committee has been working toward improving our meetings and maintaining the high quality of our journals. The present section executive committee consists of the president, president-elect, past president, and secretaries and the chairs of all SPR committees appointed by the president, SPR representatives of AGU committees, and representatives of all SPR-AGU journals.
Collaborative Scientific Data Visualization

We have designed a collaborative scientific visualization package that will aid researchers from distant, diverse locations to work together in developing scientific codes, providing them with a system to analyze their scientific data. We have utilized Java to develop this infrastructure. Two important areas which we have concentrated on developing are 1) a collaborative framework from which the scientific data is interpreted and utilized, and 2) a framework, which is customizable to the suit the needs of a particular task and/or scientific group.
Determination of testosterone and androst-4-ene-3, 17-dione concentration in human plasma.

Abstract A double isotope dilution method is presented for the determination of testosterone and andros T-4-ene-3, 17-dione concentration in human plasma consisting of the main following steps: 1/ ether extraction and Florisil column chromatography; 2/ paper chromatography (System 1) for separation of testosterone and androst-4-ene-3, 17-dione; 3/ NaBH 4 reduction of andros T-4-ene-3, 17-dione to testosterone and paper chromatography (System 11); 4/ acetylation of testosterone with C 14 -acetic anhydride; 5/ bidimensional thin layer chromatography; 6/ paper chromatography (System 111); 7/ NaBH 4 reduction of testosterone acetate to 3β-hydroxy-androst-4-ene-17β-acetate; 8/ paper chromatography (System 1). After correction for the blank, mean testosterone and androst-4-ene-3,17-dione plasma concentrations were found to be 55 4 and 99 mμg/100 ml for normal adult males and 41 and 180 mμg/100 ml for normal adult females.