cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Auctions with Resale Opportunities: An Experimental Study

We study first price asymmetric private value auctions with resale opportunities presented in seller's and buyer's markets. We offer experimental evidence on bidding behavior, prices, and resource allocation. Building upon the Hafalir and Krishna (2008) model, we find that bidders will bid higher in an auction if the resale market is a seller's market than a buyer's market. There is a price/revenue-efficiency trade-off established theoretically between these two resale regimes. In equilibrium, however, final efficiency is high irrespective of the resale market structure. Evidence of bid symmetrization and higher final efficiency is found in the buyer-advantaged resale case. (JEL D44, C92)
Fault-Toleront System Design: Broad Brush and Fine Print

Fault-tolerant computing encompasses diverse architectures. This examination of the field's general concepts, with cautionary notes, identifies common characteristics within this diversity.
Understanding Critical-Pedagogical-Performative-Autoethnography

This work is an attempt to understand critical-pedagogical-performative-autoethnography. This effort took place in an independent study that we understood as a pedagogical encounter. As a way to co...
A framework for the integration of environmental and business aspects toward sustainable product development

Growing environmental concerns, coupled with public pressure and stricter regulations, are fundamentally impacting the way companies design and launch new products across the world. Companies are recognising that implementing design for environment (DfE) in their product development process provides opportunities both for improving environmental aspects of a product and for enhancing the product competitiveness. Therefore, integrating environmental and business aspects for decision-making during DfE consideration are crucial in the product design process. The environmental aspect of the product is captured by the lifecycle assessment, and the result is directly introduced to the selection of DfE strategies followed by the multi-criteria decision-making process, in order to integrate business aspects. The proposed method may help the company systematically develop appropriate and profitable design for environment strategies for their product systems.
Dynamics of Low-Threshold Spike Activation in Relay Neurons of the Cat Lateral Geniculate Nucleus

The low-threshold spike (LTS), generated by the transient Ca2+ current I T , plays a pivotal role in thalamic relay cell responsiveness and thus in the nature of the thalamic relay. By injecting depolarizing current ramps at various rates to manipulate the slope of membrane depolarization (d V /d t ), we found that an LTS occurred only if d V /d t exceeded a minimum value of ∼5–12 mV/sec. We injected current ramps of variable d V /d t into relay cells that were sufficiently hyperpolarized to de-inactivate IT completely. Higher values of d V /d t activated an LTS. However, lower values of d V /d t eventually led to tonic firing without ever activating an LTS; apparently, the inactivation of IT proceeded before IT could be recruited. Because the maximum rate of rise of the LTS decreased with slower activating ramps of injected current, we conclude that slower ramps allow increasing inactivation of IT before the threshold for its activation gating is reached, and when the injected ramps have a sufficiently low d V /d t , the inactivation is severe enough to prevent activation of an LTS. In the presence of Cs+, we found that even the lowest d V /d t that we applied led to LTS activation, apparently because Cs+ reduced the K+ “leak” conductance and increased neuronal input resistance. Nonetheless, under normal conditions, our data suggest that there is neither significant window current (related to the overlap of the inactivation and activation curves for IT ), rhythmogenic properties, nor bistability properties for these neurons. Our theoretical results using a minimal model of LTS excitability in these neurons are consistent with the experimental observations and support our conclusions. We suggest that inputs activating very slow EPSPs (i.e., via metabotropic receptors) may be able to inactivate IT without generating sizable IT and a spurious burst of action potentials to cortex.
Hemodynamic Changes in Trained Dogs During Experimental Renal Hypertension

The hemodynamic events, during onset of experimental renal hypertension, and during its progression to the chronic state, were recorded in 19 trained quiet dogs for 20 to 30 minutes daily for four to forty-two days. This was made possible by implanting a flow probe around the root of the aorta, and a catheter in the aortic arch for connection to an external pressure gauge. Continuous graphic recordings of blood pressure, cardiac output, stroke volume, heart rate, and peripheral resistance were made daily during a period of training to obtain control values, and after hypertension was initiated by partial occlusion of a renal artery and unilateral nephrectomy. The average mean arterial pressure in 34 unanesthetized dogs in this study was 85 mm Hg (range, 68 to 116 mm Hg). This is about 30% below values previously reported by others in unanesthetized dogs. These low pressures were ascribed to lack of restraint, to training, and to the natural posture of the dogs. At onset of hypertension a sharp rise in arterial pressure was accompanied by a decrease of cardiac output and heart rate, and by a large abrupt increase of peripheral resistance. After one to four days, the continued rise of arterial pressure was associated with return of cardiac output and heart rate toward normal. Peripheral resistance eventually stabilized at a level above that of the initial large rise. A chronic state of hypertension was reached by ten to twenty days after the initial rise of pressure. At this time cardiac output and heart rate were restored to normal, while peripheral resistance remained elevated. Studies lasting for as long as forty-two days did not show further changes. If the renal arterial constriction was severe, a third, "malignant" phase ensued with extreme elevation of diastolic pressure, reduction of cardiac output, and greatly increased peripheral resistance. This terminated in uremic death after a few days.
In rats, odor-induced Fos in the olfactory pathways depends on the phase of the circadian clock

We used immunostaining for Fos to study the effect of circadian clock phase on odor-induced neuronal activation in the olfactory system in rats. Brief presentation of cedar odor to rats housed in constant darkness stimulated Fos expression in the main olfactory bulb, anterior olfactory nucleus, piriform cortex, and several other odor-responsive structures, both in the subjective day and subjective night phases of the cycle. Fos expression in response to odor, but not basal expression, was greatly enhanced in the subjective night in all structures examined. These findings are consistent with the idea that odor-induced neuronal activation in the olfactory pathways is modulated by the phase of the circadian clock.
A duplicate gene rooting of seed plants and the phylogenetic position of flowering plants

Flowering plants represent the most significant branch in the tree of land plants, with respect to the number of extant species, their impact on the shaping of modern ecosystems and their economic importance. However, unlike so many persistent phylogenetic problems that have yielded to insights from DNA sequence data, the mystery surrounding the origin of angiosperms has deepened with the advent and advance of molecular systematics. Strong statistical support for competing hypotheses and recent novel trees from molecular data suggest that the accuracy of current molecular trees requires further testing. Analyses of phytochrome amino acids using a duplicate gene-rooting approach yield trees that unite cycads and angiosperms in a clade that is sister to a clade in which Gingko and Cupressophyta are successive sister taxa to gnetophytes plus Pinaceae. Application of a cycads + angiosperms backbone constraint in analyses of a morphological dataset yields better resolved trees than do analyses in which extant gymnosperms are forced to be monophyletic. The results have implications both for our assessment of uncertainty in trees from sequence data and for our use of molecular constraints as a way to integrate insights from morphological and molecular evidence.
Neutrophils and natural killer T cells as negative regulators of wound healing

Cutaneous wound healing is a dynamic process requiring coordination of immune cell infiltration, keratinocyte proliferation, angiogenesis, extracellular matrix deposition and remodeling to ensure adequate wound closure [1–3]. Multiple pathologic conditions are known to perturb efficient cutaneous repair by impacting one or more of the three interdependent phases of wound healing: the early inflammatory, proliferative, or late remodeling phase [1,2,4,5]. Innate immune cells are critical during wound repair, as innate immune cell dysfunction has been demonstrated to augment normal wound healing, leading to poor wound closure or hypertrophic scar formation. While several immune cells, in particular macrophages, dendritic epidermal T cells (DETCs) and mast cells, have all been demonstrated to enhance aseptic wound healing [6–15], two members of the innate immune population, neutrophils and natural killer T (NKT) cells, act to negatively regulate the pace of wound closure. Herein, we focus our discussion on the negative regulatory role of these neutrophils and NKT cells, and consider potential therapeutic interventions that may enhance wound repair by alterations in the number or function of these populations.
The Selective Adsorption of Sodium by Clay Minerals in Lakes Pontchartrain and Maurepas, Louisiana

Ion exchange analyses of the clay-sized fraction of sediments in Lakes Pontchartrain and Maurepas suggest the selective adsorption of Na at the expense of Mg. The literature suggests that Mg shodld be preferentially adsorbed. As the chlorinity of the lake waters increases from 300 mg)l to 3250 mg)l, the percentage of exchangeable Na increases from 13.6 to 30.6 while the percentage of exchangeable Mg decreases from 65.6-36-8. The observed exchangeable Na percentages are higher than the ones calculated from the sodium-adsorption-ratios. The difference is attributed to an increase in the Na exchange constant of the sediment and therefore an increased selectivity for Na. With an increase in chlorinity, montmorillonite increases from 47 to 61 per cent and the total of the exchange- able cations (Na, Mg, Ca, K) increases from 36 to 82 m-equiv./100 g.
During critical illness the gut does not pass the acid test

The composition and function of intestinal microflora are emerging as integral to both health and disease. During critical illness the normal microbiota are rapidly replaced by pathogenic species as a result of both the physiologic stress itself and the use of antibiotics. In this report, the authors use fecal pH as a surrogate marker to determine the predictive value of the functional output of the intestinal microflora during critical illness. Fecal pH appears to be highly predictive of outcome from critical illness, and may reflect the output of key organic acids such as the short-chain fatty acids, lactic acid, and other important products of the gut microflora.
Age and Sex Effects on Human Mutation Rates: An Old Problem with New Complexities

Base substitution mutations are far more common in human males than in females, and the frequency increases with paternal age. Both can be accounted for by the greater number of pre-meiotic cell divisions in males, especially old ones. In contrast, small deletions do not show any important age effect and occur with approximately equal frequency in the two sexes. Mutations in most genes include both types, and the sex and paternal age effect depends on the proportion of the two types. A few traits, of which Apert Syndrome is best understood, are mutation hot spots with all the mutations occurring in one or two codons, usually at one nucleotide. They occur with very high frequency almost exclusively in males and the frequency increases rapidly with paternal age. It has been suggested that the mutant cells have a selective advantage in the male germ-line prior to meiosis. Evidence for this surprising, but important, hypothesis is discussed. A possible mechanism is the conversion of asymmetrical stem-cell divisions into symmetric ones. Some traits with complex etiology show a slight paternal age effect. There is also a short discussion of the high deleterious mutation rate and the role of sexual reproduction in reducing the consequent mutation load.
Simultaneous mass and time-varying grade estimation for heavy-duty vehicles

In this paper, two different approaches are proposed for simultaneous mass and grade estimation for heavy-duty vehicles. In the first method, an observer is used which can estimate mass and time-varying grade given their feasible range. The second approach is a recursive time-varying least square method with forgetting. Inclusion of multiple forgetting factors makes the algorithm suitable for simultaneous estimation of a constant and a fast time-varying parameter. Accurate mass estimation and good tracking of time-varying grade is demonstrated in simulations.
Cracking the code: theory and method in clinical communication analysis.

(2001). Cracking the Code: Theory and Method in Clinical Communication Analysis. Health Communication: Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 101-110.
Later Effects of Preschool on Low-Risk Children

This longitudinal study examines the effects of preschool attendance upon school achievement scores and out-of-school activities for 196 second and third grade children, 125 of whom had attended a university-affiliated preschool and 71 of whom were nonattenders. They were from low-risk educationally advantaged families. Males who had attended preschool scored significantly higher on the reading vocabulary, total reading, spelling, total language, and total battery components of achievement measures than did males who had not attended preschool. A preschool effect upon achievement scores for females from these age groups was not found. Contrary to assumptions that home and family experiences are sufficient to enhance development and learning for low-risk children, the findings of this study seem to indicate that, for males, preschool attendance does have a significant effect on later school achievement scores, especially in language-related areas.
Seasonal controls on sediment delivery in a small coastal plain watershed, North Carolina, USA

Field measurements of drainage ditch sedimentation and suspended sediment transport were used to construct a simple sediment budget and relate seasonal variations in vegetation and the hydrological characteristics of storms to sediment dynamics in a small agricultural watershed in North Carolina. Results indicate that seasonal variations in crop coverage and vegetation in drainage ditches influence sediment delivery. Following the harvesting of crops and mowing of drainage ditches in late autumn, conditions are favorable to soil erosion and sediment transport through early spring. Storms need not be very intense or produce large rainfall totals to transport significant sediment loads. The maturation of field crops and ditch vegetation in spring produces conditions less conducive to both soil erosion and sediment transport. Intense summer thunderstorms, however, are capable of mobilizing and transporting significant amounts of sediment. The computed sediment yield of 0.1 Mg/ha/yr probably represents a low estimate that, nevertheless, is an order of magnitude less than measured ditch storage and more than two orders of magnitude less than regional estimates of soil loss on Coastal Plain croplands. The results show that headwater ditches may be decoupled from slopes so that much of the eroded soil is stored within small watersheds rather than being transported out of the basin.
Fear, Appeasement, and the Effectiveness of Deterrence

A central puzzle in the study of deterrence is how threats can be credible when they are meant to defend interests that do not immediately appear to be worth fighting over. We develop a formal model in which a defender fears a challenger’s potential future belligerence, and seeks to deter her from attempting a transgression that yields both direct and military benefits. We identify conditions under which responding with war is a credible deterrent threat even when both the magnitude of the transgression and the defender’s level of fear are objectively small. In the equilibrium, the defender is able to infer the challenger’s future belligerence from her very willingness to transgress in the face of a credible threat, and is therefore willing to carry out that threat because he prefers war sooner to war later. The challenger is consequently deterred unless she prefers immediate conflict, fulfilling the defender’s expectations. We also show that the difference between the military and direct value of a transgression plays a crucial role in determining the effectiveness of deterrence, and that introducing fear about a challenger’s intentions can strengthen deterrent threats. We demonstrate the robustness of our results to a variety of extensions, and apply the model to analyze the Turkish Straits Crisis of 1946.
CBER’s Experience With Adaptive Design Clinical Trials

There is considerable interest among pharmaceutical and other medical product developers in adaptive clinical trials, in which knowledge learned during the course of a trial affects ongoing conduct or analysis of the trial. When the FDA released a draft Guidance document on adaptive design clinical trials in early 2010, expectations were high that it would lead to an increase in regulatory submissions involving adaptive design features, particularly for confirmatory trials. A 6-year (2008-2013) retrospective survey was performed within the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER) at the FDA to gather information regarding the submission and evaluation of adaptive design trial proposals. We present an up-to-date summary of adaptive design proposals seen in CBER and provide an overview of our experiences. We share our concerns regarding the statistical issues and operational challenges raised during the review process for adaptive design trials. We also provide general recommendations for developing proposals for such trials. Our motivation in writing this paper was to encourage the best study design proposals to be submitted to CBER. Sometimes these can be adaptive, and sometimes a simpler design is most efficient.
Severe hemorrhage attenuates cardiopulmonary chemoreflex control of regional sympathetic outputs via NTS adenosine receptors.

Selective stimulation of inhibitory A1 and facilitatory A2a adenosine receptor subtypes located in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) powerfully inhibits cardiopulmonary chemoreflex (CCR) cont...
Zinc metabolism and homeostasis in ruminants as affected by dietary energy intake and growth rate.

SummaryDecreasing energy and protein intake in young ruminants resulted in lower weight gain and nitrogen balance. This was accompanied by reduced stable zinc absorption and retention both as milligrams/day and as a percentage of intake. Similarly, 65Zn absorption and retention were reduced. Nitrogen balance was well correlated with stable zinc and 65Zn retention (r = 0.67 and 0.49, respectively). These data support the concept that regulation of zinc homeostasis is controlled at the tissue level and is closely related to protein deposition changes.The authors thank Mr. Y. G. Martin for technical assistance and Mrs. Dan E. Fowler for editorial assistance.
The changing pattern of childhood.

The Australia antigen or hepatitis-associated antigen test makes it possible to distinguish between the serum and the infectious forms of viral hepatitis. This distinction previously could be made only clinically. Studies of the antigen also show that the term “serum hepatitis” cannot be reserved for cases which follow parenteral inoculation. Viral or nonviral hepatitis can be associated with aplastic anemia, Reye's syndrome, alpha, antitrypsin deficiency, halothane anesthesia, and biliary atresia.
Monitoring the Status of Lead Contamination in Agricultural Products in Shunyi District from 2002 to 2009

Objective To understand the current status of lead contamination in agricultural products in Shunyi district.Method Sampling various agricultural products,including cereals,vegetables and fruits,from 2002 to 2009 in Shunyi district,to monitor the contamination of heavy metal lead in agricultural products.Results The 414 data were obtained in strict quality control.The qualified rate of all samples was 96.62%.The qualified rate of legume samples was only 77.78%.Conclusion The lead contamination in cereals was much more serious than that in vegetables and fruits,and the lead contamination in fresh mushroom and leafy vegetables was more serious among vegetables.More attention should be paid on lead contamination of agricultural products in Shunyi district.
Analysis of flashover fault for a 500 kV circuit breaker of a generator-transformer unit and its countermeasures

In the synchronization process of a large-scale generator-transformer unit and the power system,the circuit breaker fracture may be flashover.Due to the voltage angle(δ) changes between the generator and power system,the flashover current varied in the circuit breaker fracture.In order to operate reliably for the flashover protection and circuit breaker failure protection,the current setting values of flashover protection and circuit breaker failure protection should be within a certain level.According to the practical recorder waveform of the fault,the principle of setting calculation for negative sequence current and zero-sequence current units of flashover protection and circuit breaker failure protection was analyzed,which provides a reference for engineers.
Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization in Suspension by Imaging Flow Cytometry.

The emergence of imaging flow cytometry (IFC) has brought novel applications exploiting its advantages over conventional flow cytometry and microscopy. One of the new applications is fluorescence in situ hybridization in suspension (FISH-IS). Conventional FISH is a slide-based approach in which the spot-like imagery resulting from hybridization with fluorescently tagged probes is evaluated by fluorescence microscopy. The FISH-IS approach evaluated by IFC enables the evaluation of tens to hundreds of thousands of cells in suspension and the analysis can be automated and standardized diminishing operator bias from the analysis. The high cell number throughput of FISH-IS improves the detection of rare events compared to conventional FISH. The applicability of FISH-IS is currently limited to detection of abnormal quantitative differences of hybridization targets such as occur in numerical chromosome abnormalities, deletions and amplifications. Here, we describe a protocol for FISH-IS using chromosome enumeration probes as an example.
Emotional Nonacceptance and Anxiety Sensitivity in Relation to Anxious Arousal, Social Anxiety, and Depressive Symptoms Among African American Young Adults

Past work suggests African American college students may be a segment of the college population at heightened risk for anxiety and depressive symptoms; however, there remains an overarching need to...
Combinatorial Library Screening with Liposomes for Discovery of Membrane Active Peptides

Membrane active peptides (MAPs) represent a class of short biomolecules that have shown great promise in facilitating intracellular delivery without disrupting cellular plasma membranes. Yet their clinical application has been stalled by numerous factors: off-target delivery, a requirement for high local concentration near cells of interest, degradation en route to the target site, and in the case of cell-penetrating peptides, eventual entrapment in endolysosomal compartments. The current method of deriving MAPs from naturally occurring proteins has restricted the discovery of new peptides that may overcome these limitations. Here, we describe a new branch of assays featuring high-throughput functional screening capable of discovering new peptides with tailored cell uptake and endosomal escape capabilities. The one-bead-one-compound (OBOC) combinatorial method is used to screen libraries containing millions of potential MAPs for binding to synthetic liposomes, which can be adapted to mimic various aspects...
Users' Adoption of Mental Health Apps: Examining the Impact of Information Cues.

Background: Numerous mental health apps have been developed and made available to users on the current app market. Users may find it difficult and overwhelming to select apps from the hundreds of choices that are available in the app marketplace. Clarifying what information cues may impact a user’s selection and adoption of mental health apps is now a critical and pressing issue. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of information cues on users’ adoption of anxiety apps using observational data from the Android app market. Methods: A systematic search of anxiety apps was conducted on the Android app store by using keywords search. The title and metadata information of a total of 274 apps that met our criteria were collected and analyzed. Three trained researchers recorded the app rankings from the search results page on different dates and Web browsers. Results: Our results show that ratings (r=.56, P<.001) and reviews (r=.39, P<.001) have significant positive correlations with the number of installs, and app prices have significant negative correlations with installs (r=−.36). The results also reveal that lower-priced apps have higher ratings (r=−.23, P<.001) and a greater number of app permission requests (r=.18, P=.002) from the device. For app titles, we found that apps with titles related to symptoms have significantly lower installs than apps with titles that are not related to symptoms (P<.001). Conclusions: This study revealed a relationship between information cues and users’ adoption of mental health apps by analyzing observational data. As the first of its kind, we found impactful indicators for mental health app adoptions. We also discovered a labeling effect of app titles that could hinder mental health app adoptions and which may provide insight for future designs of mental health apps and their search mechanisms. [JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2017;5(6):e83]
Beta blockers: an innovation in the treatment of infantile hemangiomas.

Infantile hemangiomas (IH) are benign vascular tumors composed of endothelial-like cells that can arise in the skin and/or visceral organs. A recent prospective study demonstrated a 4.5 percent incidence of IH in neonates and infants during the first nine months of life.1,2 IH are more common in females, Caucasians, and premature and low-birth weight infants. There is a potential association between IH and multiple gestations.3,4 Most IH arise a few weeks after birth and grow over the first 5 to 6 months of life, achieving 80 percent of their size by a mean age of three months. Involution occurs more slowly, over a period of years.5 While historical literature cites a 10-percent improvement in IH each year (such that 50% complete involution by age 5, 70% by age 7, and 90% by age 9),6 more recent studies have shown that IH change very little after 3.5 years of age.7 Although most IH can be safely managed with active nonintervention, a subset of patients may have a course complicated by ulceration, bleeding, upper airway obstruction, visual compromise, and risk for permanent disfigurement, necessitating the need for a more aggressive treatment approach.8 Beta-blockers first emerged in the arena of hemangioma treatment in 2008 when a report was published on the potential effectiveness of propranolol for the treatment of these lesions. Leaute-Labreze et al9 made the incidental observation that a patient being treated for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with propranolol concurrently experienced significant improvement in his hemangioma. The lesion continued to improve despite steroid tapering, which led to the speculation that propranolol itself was the cause of this dramatic improvement. Leaute-Labreze et al subsequently reported their experience with this and 10 other patients who were effectively treated using propranolol for their IH, both as a first-line therapy and as a second-line drug in patients who had failed or had contraindications to treatment with corticosteroids.9 Since the publication of this landmark paper, more than 170 case studies10 and a randomized controlled trial11 have validated this association, leading to propranolol’s recent United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for the treatment of IH. While propranolol is the most commonly used beta blocker for IH, more recent experience has shown that topical timolol may also be effective for small, thin lesions.12
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS IN THE DESIGN OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS

Some of the environmental factors which affect the structural performance of composite materials are discussed. Various possible mechanisms of environmental factors are examined, together with relevant experimental data. Finally, an analytical approach for predicting environmental effects, based on rate theory, is considered.
Osteoblast-like cells of the hypophysectomized rat: a model of aberrant osteoblast development.

In a previous work, we demonstrated that the osteoprogenitors derived from the marrow stroma of the hypophysectomized (HX) rat demonstrate enhanced proliferative and differentiation capacities when...
The inhibitory effect of copper on ethionine carcinogenesis.

The application of metabolic inhibitors in biological systems plays a vital role in biomedical research. By the use of different inhibitors, we may gain new insight into the mechanisms of carcinogenesis.
West Nile Virus: 12 Years in North America

West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne virus that causes disease in wild birds, horses, and humans. It is one of the best-known members of the flavivirus genus in the virus family Flaviviridae. There are approximately 70 members of the genus Flavivirus, and about 40 are known to cause human disease. Most of these are transmitted by the bite of an arthropod such as a mosquito or a tick (Fig. 3.1). Eighty percent of human WNV infections are subclinical or asymptomatic. West Nile fever is the most common disease manifestation and consists of a generalized febrile illness. Malaise, fatigue, headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and confusion are the most common symptoms. Approximately 30% of symptomatic infections involve neuroinvasive disease that can be fatal or result in long-term sequelae such as persistent movement disorders and personality changes (Sejvar et al. 2003; Murray et al. 2007). A recent report of long-term persistence of WNV RNA in human urine coupled with previous data on the presence of IgM several months after acute WNV disease raises the possibility that several of the long-term sequelae may be due to persistent WNV infection in a subset of patients (Murray et al. 2010). The immunocompromised and elderly are disproportionately affected by WNV infection and are much more likely to develop severe disease than healthy adults under the age of 70. WNV therefore produces a broad spectrum of clinical disease in human beings. The mechanisms that lead to these various manifestations are only partially understood.
EVALUATION OF FOLIAR INSECTICIDES FOR CONTROL OF CORN BORERS IN FIELD CORN, 2009

The objective of the study was to determine the effectiveness of insecticides applied to corn foliage against corn borers. Field corn ‘Pioneer 31P40’, a non-BT cultivar, was planted with a John Deere 7100 Maximerge planter at a rate of 2.2 seed per row ft at the Cotton Branch Experimental Station, Mariana, AR on 29 May 2009. Soil type was silt loam and had been planted to cotton in 2008. Plots consisted of one row 25 ft long. Plots were separated by 78 inches. Replications were separated by 5 ft bare ground buffers. The experimental design was RCB with four replications. Applications were timed by splitting corn stalks in adjacent plots and searching for corn borer pupae. All insecticide treatments except Hero (late silk) were applied on 2 Jul, one week after the first dark pupae were detected. Hero (late silk) was applied one week later. Insecticides were applied with a CO2 propelled backpack sprayer equipped with two Delvan HB10 nozzles. Spray volume was 19.4 gpa at 25 psi. Insecticide effectiveness was assessed as follows. On 10 Sep ten randomly selected plants were cut at soil level from each plot. Each stalk was split with a band saw and the length of tunnels from corn borers was measured for each stalk. Any stalk with evidence of tunneling was considered infested. Ears were pulled, threshed by hand and seed were counted and weighed.
Abstract 001: Proteomic Signatures of Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Cross-sectional Analysis of the Plasma Proteome in the Framingham Heart Study

Introduction: Proteomic biomarkers related to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors may offer insights into the pathogenesis of subclinical and clinical CVD. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that 1)...
Impact of Pulsed Light on Food Constituents

As one of the emerging non-thermal food treatment technologies, pulsed light (PL) has been intensively studied since the twenty first century. PL technology uses intermittent light pulses to treat food products without leaving any residues. The current use of PL technology is for decontamination purposes. The decontamination effects of PL treatment rely on primarily light with the different wavelength and the pulsed energy. Therefore, this chapter starts by explaining the disinfection mechanism of PL technology, where analysis of the UV disinfection mechanism would be helpful. Unlike electron beam, X-rays, and gamma rays, UV light is non-ionizing irradiation and does not break molecular bonds. The UV light can be emitted either as a continuous wave (continuous light) or in short duration pulses of 1–20 per second as in the case of pulsed light. Continuous UV light may be categorized into three types according to the emission spectrum: (1) short-wave UV (UV-C) with wavelengths from 200 to 280 nm, (2) medium-wave UV (UV-B) with wavelengths from 280 to 320 nm, and (3) long-wave UV (UV-A) with wavelengths from 320 to 400 nm. UV-C has been used for disinfection of air, surface, water, and liquid foods. The mechanisms responsible for microbial inactivation by UV light are believed to be due to the photochemical, photothermal and photophysical effects on microbes exposed to UV light.
The War between the Turks and the Persians: Conflict and Religion in the Safavid and Ottoman Worlds: Giovanni-Tomasso Minadoi, Translation (in 1595) by Abraham Hartwell. London and New York: I. B. Tauris, 2019, ISBN: 978-1-7807-6952-3; hardback, xiv + 273 pp.

This book is an edition of the 1595 English translation by Abraham Hartwell of Giovanni-Tomasso Minadoi’s expanded Historia della Guerra fra Turchi et Persiani, published in Venice (and Turin) in 1...
Optimization, stabilization, and characterization of amphotericin B loaded nanostructured lipid carriers for ocular drug delivery

Abstract The current study sought to formulate, optimize, and stabilize amphotericin B (AmB) loaded PEGylated nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) and to study its ocular biodistribution following topical instillation. AmB loaded PEGylated NLC (AmB-PEG-NLC) were fabricated by hot-melt emulsification followed by high-pressure homogenization (HPH) technique. 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy(polyethylene glycol)] (mPEG-2K-DSPE) was used for surface PEGylation. mPEG-DSPE with different PEG molecular weight, 1 K, 2 K, 5 K, 10 K, and 20 K, were screened for formulation stability. Furthermore, the AmB loaded PEGylated (2K) NLC (AmB-PEG2K-NLC) was optimized using Box-Behnken design with respect to the amount of AmB, castor oil, mPEG-2K-DSPE, and number of high-pressure homogenization cycles as the factors; particle size, zeta potential, PDI, entrapment efficiency, and loading efficiency as responses. Stability of the optimized AmB-PEG2K-NLC was assessed over 4 weeks, at 4 °C as well as 25 °C and effect of autoclaving was also evaluated. AmB-PEG2K-NLC were tested for their in vitro antifungal activity against Candida albicans (ATCC 90028), AmB resistant Candida albicans (ATCC 200955) and Aspergillus fumigatus (ATCC 204305). Cytotoxicity of AmB-PEG2K-NLC was studied in human retinal pigmented epithelium cells. In vivo ocular biodistribution of AmB was evaluated in rabbits, following topical application of PEGylated NLCs or marketed AmB preparations. PEGylation with mPEG-2K-DSPE prevented leaching of AmB and increased the drug load significantly. The optimized formulation was prepared with a particle size of 218 ± 5 nm; 0.3 ± 0.02 PDI, 4.6 ± 0.1% w/w drug loading, and 92.7 ± 2.5% w/w entrapment efficiency. The optimized colloidal dispersions were stable for over a month, at both 4 °C and 25 °C. AmB-PEG2K-NLCs showed significantly (p 0.05) difference was not observed between the formulations tested. An optimized autoclavable and effective AmB-PEG2K-NLC ophthalmic formulation with at least one-month stability, in the reconstituted state, has been developed.
Offence associated proactive, reactive, and acquisitive attributions that inform theory, assessment, and intervention

This study examines the reliability and validity of proactive (cold-blooded, instrumental), reactive (hot-blooded, affective), and acquisitive (securing goods of others) crime-related attributional...
Positive Internal Experiences in PTSD Interventions: A Critical Review:

Evidence suggests that individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms exhibit deficits in positive internal experiences. This study critically reviewed empirically validated PTSD interventions to determine (1) whether positive memories, cognitions, and emotions were explicitly addressed and (2) the goals of focusing on these positive internal experiences. We selected 11 empirically validated PTSD interventions listed as "recommended/strongly recommended" in recently published reviews, reviewed existing literature for studies using these interventions (N = 1,070), short-listed randomized controlled trial studies meeting predetermined inclusion criteria for the selected interventions (in English, developed for adults, individual therapy modality, in-person administration, tailored to PTSD; N = 47), and emailed authors (N = 41) to obtain the unique intervention manuals. Hereby, we reviewed 13 unique empirically validated PTSD intervention manuals. Findings indicated 53.85%, 69.23%, and 69.23% of reviewed manuals explicitly discussed positive memories, emotions, and cognitions, respectively. Primarily, positive memories were integral to mechanisms underlying PTSD, a precursor to targeting negative experiences, an indicator of treatment progress, or a way to identify client problems; positive emotions were discussed when providing psychoeducation on PTSD/trauma reactions; and positive cognitions were addressed in reference to coping with negative experiences or as targets to enhance self-concept. This review demonstrates that comparatively, positive memories are infrequently elicited in the reviewed interventions; positive emotions and cognitions are explicitly referenced in two-thirds of the reviewed interventions but are included as a primary focus for therapeutic processing only in a few interventions; and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing has the most comprehensive focus on positive internal experiences.
COVID-19 outcomes in patients waitlisted for kidney transplantation and kidney transplant recipients.

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought unprecedented challenges to the transplant community. The reduction in transplantation volume during this time is partly due to concerns over potentially increased susceptibility and worsened outcomes of COVID-19 in immunosuppressed recipients. The consequences of COVID-19 on patients waitlisted for kidney transplantation, however, have not previously been characterized. We studied 56 waitlisted patients and 80 kidney transplant recipients diagnosed with COVID-19 between March 13 and May 20, 2020. Despite similar demographics and burden of comorbidities between waitlisted and transplant patients, waitlisted patients were more likely to require hospitalization (82% vs. 65%, P = .03) and were at a higher risk of mortality (34% vs. 16%, P = .02). Intubation was required in one third of hospitalized patients in each group, and portended a very poor prognosis. The vast majority of patients who died were male (84% waitlist, 100% transplant). Multivariate analysis demonstrated waitlist status, age, and male sex were independently associated with mortality. COVID-19 has had a dramatic impact on waitlisted patients, decreasing their opportunities for transplantation and posing significant mortality risk. Understanding the impact of COVID-19 on waitlist patients in comparison to transplant recipients may aid centers in weighing the risks and benefits of transplantation in the setting of ongoing COVID-19.
Application of steady-state turbulent flow data in the solution of inverse natural heat convection problems

Abstract Inverse heat transfer problems are a well-known part in a variety of mechanical engineering applications. The majority of research in this area has been focused on inverse heat conduction problems for its relatively simple forward problem and numerous applications. Inverse heat convection, on the other hand, presents a greater challenge with the inclusion of fluid mechanics in the problem. In this paper, a study of steady-state turbulent wall plumes is used to develop a search-based inverse heat convection methodology to determine the source heat input and location generating the plume. Using the forward problem data, interpolating functions are developed to relate source heat input and location to temperature readings on the wall, downstream of the source. Using these equations at a finite number of locations in the flow, a system of equations is formulated. Solving this system of equations allows one to estimate the unknown source heat input and location. Since the solutions of inverse problems are generally non-unique, an optimization technique, being the particle swarm optimization here, is used to obtain the system of equations which would yield the most accurate estimation possible in a fairly narrow domain of uncertainty.
Membrane depolarization is required for pressure-dependent pulmonary arterial tone but not enhanced vasoconstriction to endothelin-1 following chronic hypoxia.

Enhanced vasoconstriction is increasingly identified as an important contributor to the development of pulmonary hypertension. Chronic hypoxia results in enhanced Rho kinase mediated Ca2+ sensitization contributing to pressure-dependent pulmonary arterial tone as well as augmented vasoconstriction to endothelin-1 and depolarizing stimuli. We sought to investigate the interaction between these vasoconstrictor stimuli in isolated, pressurized, pulmonary arteries. We used the K+ ionophore, valinomycin, to clamp membrane potential (Vm) to investigate the role of membrane depolarization in endothelin-1 and pressure-dependent constriction, and endothelin-1 receptor inhibitors to determine whether membrane depolarization or stretch signal through endothelin-1 receptors. Clamping Vm prevented pressure-dependent tone, but not enhanced vasoconstriction to endothelin-1 following chronic hypoxia. Furthermore, endothelin-1 receptor inhibition had no effect on either pressure-dependent tone or vasoconstriction to KCl. As Src kinases contribute to both pressure-dependent tone and enhanced endothelin-1 vasoconstriction following chronic hypoxia, we further investigated their role in depolarization-induced vasoconstriction. Inhibition of Src kinases attenuated enhanced vasoconstriction to KCl. We conclude that membrane depolarization contributes to pressure-dependent tone but not enhanced vasoconstriction to ET-1, and that Src kinases serve as upstream mediators facilitating enhanced Rho kinase-dependent vasoconstriction following chronic hypoxia.
System Identification of UCSD-NHERI Shake-Table Test of Two-Story Structure with Cross-Laminated Timber Rocking Walls

AbstractA full-scale 2-story mass timber building was tested on the University of California San Diego Natural Hazards Engineering Research Infrastructure (UCSD-NHERI) uniaxial shake table during t...
Can a Short Screening Tool Discriminate Between Overeating and Binge Eating in Treatment-Seeking Individuals with Obesity?

OBJECTIVE Existing screening tools are inadequate in differentiating binge eating from normative overeating in treatment-seeking individuals with overweight or obesity, as these individuals tend to overendorse loss-of-control (LOC; the hallmark characteristic of binge eating) on self-report measures. In order for treatment centers to efficiently and accurately identify individuals who would benefit from specialized treatment, it is critical to develop effective brief screening tools. This study examined the sensitivity and specificity of a self-report screener designed to be used by an outpatient treatment center on a large scale. METHODS Participants were treatment-seeking individuals (N = 364) with overweight or obesity who were administered the screener and who completed a subsequent interview assessing for LOC and binge eating. RESULTS Discriminant analyses revealed that the screener achieved 77.6% sensitivity and 77.0% specificity in predicting clinician-assessed LOC and 75.2% sensitivity and 74.1% specificity in predicting "full-threshold" binge eating (i.e., ≥12 objectively large binge-eating episodes within the past 3 months). Post hoc analyses indicated that male participants were more likely to be misclassified with the screener. CONCLUSIONS The self-report screener demonstrated satisfactory predictive ability, which is notable given the challenges of discriminating between LOC and normative overeating. However, room for improvement remains. In particular, the inclusion of additional screener items that more fully capture the binge-eating experience in males is warranted.
Financial Flexibility and Corporate Employment

We study the role of financial flexibility on COVID-19 employment actions. Using daily data from March through May 2020 for 354 of the largest U.S. employers, we find that firms facing a negative demand shock were 28.8 percentage points more likely to reduce their workforce and 17.3 percentage points less likely to provide pay increases to frontline workers, compared to other sample firms. Pre-pandemic financial flexibility attenuates these effects, reducing the likelihood of workforce reductions by almost half. The role of financial flexibility is greatest in firms with better governance, a more asymmetric cost structure, and better treatment of workers.
“Artists, We Need You”: Artist Identity, Creative Agency, and the Urgency of Action

In this article, I examine the interplay of artist identity, creative agency, and the urgency of action through research with a teen arts internship at a contemporary arts center in post-Katrina Ne...