cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Design of Ordered Wrinkled Patterns with Dynamically Tuned Properties

The formation of patterned surfaces is a common tool to engineer materials. The capability to design and reproduce detailed features is a key factor to fulfill requirements for functional surfaces. Generation of wrinkles via buckling of a stiff film on a compliant surface is an inexpensive, easy and reliable method to yield a patterned surface. The wrinkling method has been exploited in a wide variety of areas, including photovoltaics, microfluidics, adhesion, and anti-fouling systems. Here we show the ability to obtain deterministically ordered herringbone patterns. In a biaxially pre-stretched PDMS sample a thin film of a stiff coating is deposited by initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD). iCVD is a solventfree technique that yields a conformal thin coating on virtually any substrate, giving a controllable thickness and tunable structural, mechanical, thermal, wetting, and swelling properties. Sequential release of the film-substrate system shows the transition from 1-D ripples to an ordered herringbone pattern. Wrinkle features can be controlled adjusting the film thickness, the initial load and the release process. Moreover, the surface topography can be dynamically tuned by applying a controlled mechanical stimulus. These properties make these materials excellent candidates for flexible applications.
Interfingering of evaporites and red beds: an example from the Queen/Grayburg formation, Texas

Abstract Interbedded red sandstone, siltstone, mudstone, anhydrite and halite comprise the Queen/Grayburg formation (Guadalupian) of the Palo Duro Basin. These deposits accumulated in a 28,000 km2 epicontinental basin that was characterized by regional aridity and episodic, nearly basinwide influx of marine-derived hypersaline waters. In each of several recurrent progradational cycles a variety of environments developed in this basin including eolian dunes, interdune areas, sand sheets, saline mud flats, and broad, shallow expanses of marine-derived brine (salinas). Siliciclastic sources were in the west and northwest whereas brines were derived from the south and southwest. Eolian dune deposits are represented by medium- to high-angle (15–35°) cross-stratified, fine-grained sandstone. Interdune areas accumulated flat- to low-angle bedded, wind-rippled strata, which are moderately to well sorted, fine-grained sand with frosted grains and illuviation structures. Sand sheets are characterized by deposits of horizontally bedded, rippled to massive, well-sorted, very fine-grained sandstone with illuviation structures. Sheetwash deposition on sand sheets and mud flats produced sandstones and siltstones with graded bedding, ripples with mud drapes, and intraclasts, and also flaser-bedded siltstones and mudstones deformed internally probably by haloturbation. Saline mud flats produced admixtures of mud and coarsely crystalline halite (chaotic halite-mudstone) and were located on the margins of regionally extensive hypersaline environments (salinas) in which bedded anhydrite and halite were precipitated subaqueously. Queen/Grayburg facies are cyclic and occur in characteristic vertical sequences that comprise, from base to top, bedded anhydrite, bedded halite, chaotic halite-mudstone, fine-grained clastics with displacive halite, siltstone and mudstone with deformed ripples, and eolian clastics. The sharp contacts between these shallowing-upward sequences suggest that transgressions were rapid.
An experimental investigation of some models of polymer fracture

It has recently been shown that the techniques of EPR spectroscopy can be used to monitor atomic bond rupture during fracture of polymeric materials and thus provide important new insights of the molecular mechanisms of fracture in these materials. In particular, this method can be used as a fundamental check of the several atomistically-derived theories of polymer fracture. In this paper such a check is made of two representative such theories, those of S. N. Zhurkov and W. G. Knauss. It is shown that these theories do not provide physically realistic models of the fracture mechanisms in oriented polymeric fibers and it is suggested that their lack of relevance is due to the unique morphological structure of highly oriented polymers.
Goal vs. alley punishment after escape training: Massed trials and startbox conditions

Two different starting procedures, drop box vs. guillotine door, were used in giving 36 male rats 20 massed shock-escape trials in a straight runway. On subsequent trials, the animals encountered no shock at all, shock punishment in the middle 2 ft of the 4-ft alley, or shock for.5 sec immediately after entering the goalbox. The guillotine-door procedure produced faster running in extinction, alley punishment facilitated responding, and goal punishment sup- pressed responding. Results were interpreted in terms of stimulus-directive effects, as modified by massing vs. spacing trials.
Abstract A5: Characterizing and targeting B cells in lung cancer patients

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in men and women, both in the United States and the world. The current 5-year survival rate for lung cancer in the United States for all races is a discouraging 16% and has not changed dramatically during the past 30 years. The biggest reason for the discouraging survival statistics is that the majority of lung cancer subjects present with late-stage disease that is not curable by current therapies i.e. chemotherapy and radiation. However, in the last several years novel therapies have emerged to make lung cancer therapy better tolerated and more effective. As tumor immunologists, we are particularly interested in developing an immunotherapy that will help to engage the immune system in targeting and destroying tumor cells. In a comprehensive survey of the immune infiltrate in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, we discovered that the frequency of the B cell infiltrate in the tumor versus the normal tumor-adjacent tissue was significantly increased in comparison to other immune subsets, specifically, CD4, CD8, and regulatory T cells as well as NK and NKT cells. Further preliminary studies on the characterization of these B cells suggest that they have proliferated and acquired a memory phenotype. We will continue to characterize the B cells in the tumor microenvironment to determine if they are activated as well as functional. If the B cells in the tumor microenvironment are activated, we will test if the cells are responsive to antigens currently in clinical trial like MUC-1 as well as new antigens in the cancer-testis classification like XAGE-1b. We will test if the antigens are stimulating the B cells through the BCR and if these antigens will be presented to CD4 T cells in vitro, which would lead to the stimulation of the CD4 T cells. If the B cells are not activated, we will then query whether or not the B cells could have a suppressive phenotype, which will be determined by assaying the types of cytokines produced by the B cells using a cytokine array. As we continue to further characterize the B cells, we will also continue to monitor the various immune subsets in the three subtypes of NSCLC: adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and large cell carcinoma. This immunophenotyping of the immune subsets will aid us in the identification of the appropriate immune cell populations to target for immunotherapy in the three subtypes of NSCLC. Ultimately, we aim to identify a novel target for an immunotherapy clinical trial in lung cancer patients.
In situ hybridization of albumin mRNA in normal liver and liver tumors: Identification of hepatocellular origin

In situ hybridization was performed to detect albumin mRNA in normal liver, liver cirrhosis, primary liver tumors and secondary liver neoplasms. In areas of normal liver, and liver cirrhosis, signals for albumin mRNA were present in hepatocytes, whereas no signals were seen in other cells such as endothelial and Kupffer cells, bile duct epithelium and smooth muscle cells. In 53 of 56 hepatocellular carcinomas signals were present in tumor cells but in eight cholangiocarcinomas and 14 metastatic adenocarcinomas from large bowel or pancreas, carcinoma cells were negative for albumin mRNA. In three metastatic tumors (from two neuroendocrine carcinomas and one gastric leiomyosarcoma), tumor cells contained no signals, while the surrounding hepatocytes showed diffuse grains. In 15 of the 84 specimens examined in situ hybridization was applied to routine formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded blocks and strong signals were obtained for albumin mRNA. We conclude that in situ hybridization of human albumin is a valid tool in the differential diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma from cholangiocarcinomas and tumors metastatic to the liver.
Structure of ferredoxin-NADP oxidoreductase and the location on the NADP binding site. Results at 3-7 A resolution.

Abstract Ferredoxin-NADP + oxidoreductase is the enzyme responsible for catalyzing the production of NADPH during photosynthesis. The structure of “ferredoxin reductase” has been elucidated at 3.7 A resolution by the method of multiple isomorphous replacement with anomalous scattering. The molecule consists of two structural domains, as anticipated for an enzyme that binds two nucleotides, FAD and NADP. The NADP binding site has been located by means of a difference Fourier map. This coenzyme binds at the carboxyl end of the first strand of a four-strand parallel pleated sheet near the amino end of several adjacent helices. The binding appears similar to that of nicotinamide nucleotides in other proteins. We report here an overall description of the shape of the molecule, a preliminary interpretation of the folding of the polypeptide chain in the NADP binding domain and the location of the NADP binding site.
Getting a handle on Huntington's disease: silencing neurodegeneration.

Inherited neurodegenerative conditions such as Huntington's disease have proximal causes (a defective gene) and downstream causes (pathological events caused by that gene). Albert R. La Spada examines efforts to target bad genes with gene knockdown approaches on the eve of a clinical trial designed to silence the causative gene in familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Masahisa Katsuno, Hiroaki Adachi and Gen Sobue examine the possibility of targeting a potentially damaging downstream event in Huntington's disease—dysregulated cholesterol metabolism in the brain.
The total quasi-steady-state approximation is valid for reversible enzyme kinetics

The Briggs–Haldane approximation of the irreversible Michaelis–Menten scheme of enzyme kinetics is cited in virtually every biochemistry textbook and is widely considered the classic example of a quasi-steady-state approximation. Though of similar importance, the reversible Michaelis–Menten scheme is not as well characterized. This is a serious limitation since even enzymatic reactions that go to completion may be reversible. The current work derives a total quasi-steady-state approximation (tQSSA) for the reversible Michaelis–Menten and delineates its validity domain. The tQSSA allows the derivation of uniformly valid approximations for the limit of low enzyme concentrations, ET⪡ST+KM, and under certain more restrictive conditions also for high enzyme concentrations such that ST⪡ET+KM. Using these simple analytical approximations, a sequential experimental–theoretical method is suggested for unambiguously estimating all the kinetic parameters of the reversible Michaelis–Menten scheme.
Purification and spectroscopic characteristics inN-methylformamide of theAzotobacter vinelandii Fe-Mo cofactor

Summary The iron-molybdenum cofactor from Azotobacter vinelandii can be removed from significant amounts of extraneous iron and other contaminants using anaerobic gel filtration. Electronic absorption spectra of the so-purified FeMoco along with analysis of the so-called ‘easily complexed’ iron are suggestive that FeMoco occupies at least two different states in N -methylformamide solution. Batch-related differences in spectral characteristics of independently isolated FeMoco samples are demonstrated. Non-cofactor iron, found in unpurified FeMoco, may affect the interpretation of ligand binding and other experiments probing FeMoco structure and reactivity. Oxidized FeMoco is shown to be clearly discernable from the semi-reduced species by means of electronic spectroscopy, and this method now forms a convenient analytical tool for study of the chemistry and electronic structure of FeMoco.
The MNE as a portfolio: Interdependencies in MNE growth trajectory

We conceptualize the MNE as a portfolio of interdependent sub-units, and examine its growth trajectory in relation to its existing portfolio. The empirical testing is based on a unique dataset that details all the location moves of US legal services MNEs during 1949–2006. These MNEs evolve in directions that follow from their past. Their portfolios affect their subsequent moves, speaking for the impact of interdependencies among sub-units on the evolution of MNEs. The portfolio exercises stronger impact on entry than on exit, suggesting that different forces affect MNEs’ expansion and contraction. We outline strategic and organizational implications of the conceptualization of the MNE as a portfolio.
No alterations in the performance of two interval timing operant tasks after α-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO)-induced cerebellar stunting

The cerebellum is critically involved in temporal processes in the millisecond range and may be involved in longer time estimations (i.e. in the seconds range). Estimates in the millisecond range are impaired after developmentally induced cerebellar alterations, however, little is known about the effects of similar alterations on longer timing performance. Appropriately timed DFMO treatment reliably causes cerebellar stunting in rats, however, its effects on temporal estimation performance are unknown. Here, male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with subcutaneous injections of 500 mg/kg DFMO on postnatal days 5-12, causing a 10% cerebellar weight reduction at adulthood. As adults, subjects were tested under one of two paradigms - a differential reinforcement of low response rate (DRL) task requiring that subjects withhold a lever press response for 10-14 s or a temporal response differentiation (TRD) task requiring that subjects maintain a lever press response for 10-14 s. Training and steady-state performance of the DRL and TRD tasks were not significantly altered by DFMO treatment. Performance after acute challenges with two dopaminergic agonists (2.00-7.50 mg/kg methylphenidate and 0.10-1.00 mg/kg d-amphetamine) was measured after which all subjects underwent behavioral extinction. Generally, performance after methylphenidate and d-amphetamine was similar in control and DFMO-treated rats and DFMO treatment had no differential effects on performance during extinction. These results support findings from an earlier study [Ferguson SA, Paule MG, Holson RR. Neonatal dexamethasoneon day 7 in rats causes behavioral alterations reflective of hippocampal, but not cerebellar, deficits. Neurotoxicol Teratol, 2001; 23:57-69] indicating that developmental cerebellar stunting has few effects on time estimation within the range of seconds.
Analysis of the effects of vapor pressure drop on heat pipe performance

Abstract An analysis of the effects of vapor pressure variation on the vapor temperature distribution, evaporation and condensation rates, and the overall heat pipe performance is presented. The elliptic mass, momentum and energy conservation equations in conjunction with the thermodynamic equilibrium relation and appropriate boundary conditions are solved numerically for a cylindrical heat pipe with evaporator, adiabatic and condenser sections. The results show that in certain situations vapor pressure variations play a significant role in the heat pipe performance. It is also demonstrated that the approximate solution based on the parabolic boundary-layer equations does not provide an accurate picture of vapor pressure variations at relatively high evaporation and condensation rates.
Latent period and transmission of "Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum" by the potato psyllid Bactericera cockerelli (Hemiptera: Triozidae).

“Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum” (Lso) is an economically important pathogen of solanaceous crops and the putative causal agent of zebra chip disease of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). This pathogen is transmitted to solanaceous species by the potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc), but many aspects of the acquisition and transmission processes have yet to be elucidated. The present study was conducted to assess the interacting effects of acquisition access period, incubation period, and host plant on Lso titer in psyllids, the movement of Lso from the alimentary canal to the salivary glands of the insect, and the ability of psyllids to transmit Lso to non-infected host plants. Following initial pathogen acquisition, the probability of Lso presence in the alimentary canal remained constant from 0 to 3 weeks, but the probability of Lso being present in the salivary glands increased with increasing incubation period. Lso copy numbers in psyllids peaked two weeks after the initial pathogen acquisition and psyllids were capable of transmitting Lso to non-infected host plants only after a two-week incubation period. Psyllid infectivity was associated with colonization of insect salivary glands by Lso and with Lso copy numbers >10,000 per psyllid. Results of our study indicate that Lso requires a two-week latent period in potato psyllids and suggest that acquisition and transmission of Lso by psyllids follows a pattern consistent with a propagative, circulative, and persistent mode of transmission.
Impact of various exercise modalities on hepatic mitochondrial function.

FLETCHER, J. A., G. M. MEERS, M. A. LINDEN, M. L. KEARNEY, E. M. MORRIS, J. P. THYFAULT, and R. S. RECTOR. Impact of Various Exercise Modalities on Hepatic Mitochondrial Function. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 46, No. 6, pp. 1089–1097, 2014. Purpose: Hepatic mitochondrial adaptations to exercise are largely unknown. In this study, we sought to determine the effects of various exercise modalities on measures of hepatic mitochondrial function and metabolism. Methods: Male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly assigned (n = 8–10 per group) into sedentary (SED), voluntary wheel running (VWR), VWR with food pulled during the dark cycle (VMR-OF), treadmill endurance exercise (TM-END; 30 mImin j1 , 12% gradient, 60 minId j1 ,5d Iwk j1 ), or treadmill interval sprint training (TM-IST; 50 mImin j1 , 12% gradient, 6 2.5 min bouts, 5 dIwk j1 ) groups for a 4-wk intervention. Results: Hepatic mitochondrial state 3 and maximal uncoupled respiration were significantly (P G 0.05) increased in all four exercise groups compared with SED animals. In addition, hepatic mitochondrial [1- 14 C] pyruvate oxidation to CO2, an index of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity, was significantly increased in VWR-OF, TM-END, and TM-IST rats (P G 0.05), whereas exercise-induced increases in [2- 14 C] pyruvate oxidation and [1- 14 C] palmitate oxidation to CO2 did not reach statistical significance. Hepatic mitochondrial sirtuin 3 protein content, which putatively increases activity of mitochondrial proteins, was elevated in the VWR, VWR-OF, and TM-END groups (P G 0.05). In addition, only VWR-OF animals experienced increases in hepatic cytochrome c protein content and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase mRNA, whereas PGC-1> mRNA expression and phospho-CREB protein content was increased in VWR-OF and TM-END groups. Conclusion: Four weeks of exercise training, regardless of exercise modality, significantly increased hepatic mitochondrial respiration and evoked other unique improvements in
Three-dimensional spiral tracking control for gliding robotic fish

Three-dimensional curve tracking is an important and challenging research topic for autonomous underwater vehicles and robots. In this paper we consider the tracking control of gliding robotic fish, a new type of energy-efficient and highly maneuverable robots representing a hybrid of underwater gliders and robotic fish; in particular, buoyancy-driven gliding with a deflected tail results in efficient spiral maneuvers. We propose to decompose a space curve into continuously evolving spirals from the viewpoint of differential geometry, and then utilize the spiral trajectory characteristics for three-dimensional curve tracking. Due to the nonlinear dynamics and strong coupling among multiple control inputs, the design of controller is highly demanding. A novel two degree-of-freedom (DOF) tracking control strategy is proposed, which consists of a feedforward inverse controller and a robust H ∞ controller designed based on linearized dynamics. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed two-DOF control scheme, in comparison with a PI controller and a pure feedforward inverse controller.
Allergic contact dermatitis to topical antibiotics: Epidemiology, responsible allergens, and management.

Topical antibiotics are widely used to treat cutaneous, ocular, and otic infections. Allergic contact dermatitis to topical antibiotics is a rare but well-documented side effect, especially in at-risk populations. The purpose of this article is to review the epidemiology, responsible allergens, and management of allergic contact dermatitis to topical antibiotics. Learning objective After completing this learning activity, participants should be able to describe the epidemiology of allergic contact dermatitis related to topical antibiotics; show knowledge of the most common allergenic topical antibiotics; and understand the allergenic cross-reactivity pattern amongst topical antibiotics.
An enriched continuum model for the design of a hierarchical composite

Hierarchical composites comprise two or more constituent phases where at least one phase is itself a composite at a finer scale. We present a multiscale secant Mori–Tanaka method incorporating length scale effects to describe the composite response. The applicability of the model is illustrated for the Al-based composite developed by Ye et al. [Scripta Materialia 53 (2005) 481], which exhibits impressive strength and some ductility. This rapid analytical approach enables numerical experiments that yield optimal composite architecture to be performed.
Quantitative GSTP1 methylation clearly distinguishes benign prostatic tissue and limited prostate adenocarcinoma.

ABSTRACTPurpose: Hypermethylation of the glutathione S-transferase gene (GSTP1) is the most common (greater than 90%) reported epigenetic alteration in prostate cancer. It occurs early in cancer progression and it is a promising marker for detecting organ confined disease. To evaluate its use as a diagnostic tool for cancer we used quantitative GSTP1 methylation to test for the presence of cancer in 45 prostate needle biopsy samples.Materials and Methods: Paraffin tissue samples from 45 patients with minute foci of intermediate grade prostatic adenocarcinoma or benign disease on needle biopsy were tested for GSTP1 hypermethylation using quantitative fluorogenic real-time methylation specific polymerase chain reaction. This assay was performed in blinded fashion without previous knowledge of the histopathological diagnosis.Results: DNA from 29 of the 45 paraffin samples was amenable to polymerase chain reaction amplification. In these 29 samples GSTP1 methylation was detected in 11 of 15 cases of limited c...
A process for updating a philosophy of education statement.

Most health education specialists have been introduced to the idea of having a philosophy of education statement. Although some in the field have been writing about this career development exercise, little has been written about the process of developing one’s philosophy of education statement. This brief essay explains a sample process health education specialists can use to create or update their philosophy of education statement. The author gives a firsthand account of a systematic, disciplined, intellectually liberating, and reflective approach to articulating one’s philosophy of education statement, by considering the writings of select intellectual giants who have acted on human experience, thought, and practice in education. A philosophy of education statement should be useful to any health education specialist regardless of type of work, site, position in the organization, population served, or health topic. The resultant updated and precisely written statement serves to sharpen a health education...
Developing the 777 airplane information management system (AIMS): a view from program start to one year of service

The 777 Airplane Information Management System (AIMS) has successfully completed its first year of airline revenue service. This in-service success follows a development and integration program that was an exceptional challenge, primarily due to the system size, technical innovation, and aggressive program schedule. Honeywell and Boeing had to work closely together to complete the design and development of AIMS in a time frame that supported the 777 early extended twin operations (ETOPS) goal and the initial 777 airplane certification. With teams from the two companies working as one unit, redundant activities were eliminated, technical and program problems were identified and solved rapidly, and schedule time was saved by both teams helping with tasks that were traditionally considered to be the other team's job. In service, airline maintenance personnel are finding that the AIMS Central Maintenance Computer System is a tremendous asset in maintaining the 777, and AIMS reliability is exceeding predictions.
Characterization, Settling, and Rheology of Concentrated Fine Particulate Mineral Slurries

Abstract The properties, settling behavior and the rheology of fine particulate slurries were investigated. The test slurries used in these studies included laterite, gypsum, titanium dioxide and silica flour. All were industrial slurries. The property characterization experiments included measurements of the particle size distributions, particle surface areas, pore size distributions and particle densities. Slurries containing different concentrations of the test solids were made up, and their pH and zeta potentials were measured. The rates of settling of the slurries as a function of concentration were determined. The rheological data included directly measured yield stresses using the vane apparatus, and the shear stress-shear rate dependence over ranges of shear rate from less than 1 to more than 10 4 s −1 using both rotational and capillary rheometers. The settling rate data were analyzed using hindered settling correlations. The yield stress-concentration data were correlated using relationships based on interparticle spacing and the maximum packing volume fraction of solids. Both two-parameter as well as three-parameter empirical rheological models were used to fit the shear stress-shear rate data. The three-parameter Sisko model, which combines low- and intermediate-shear power-law with high-shear Newtonian limiting behavior, was found to provide the best overall description of the flow curves for all slurries, at all solids loadings, over the entire measured range of shear rates. This finding is significant because this model evidently works for most non-Newtonian solid-liquid suspensions, and also because it is applicable over precisely the range of shear rates relevant to pipeline transport of the suspensions.
Specificity of the ribosomal A site for aminoacyl-tRNAs

Although some experiments suggest that the ribosome displays specificity for the identity of the esterified amino acid of its aminoacyl-tRNA substrate, a study measuring dissociation rates of several misacylated tRNAs containing the GAC anticodon from the A site showed little indication for such specificity. In this article, an expanded set of misacylated tRNAs and two 2'-deoxynucleotide-substituted mRNAs are used to demonstrate the presence of a lower threshold in k(off) values for aa-tRNA binding to the A site. When a tRNA binds sufficiently well to reach this threshold, additional stabilizing effects due to the esterified amino acid or changes in tRNA sequence are not observed. However, specificity for different amino acid side chains and the tRNA body is observed when tRNA binding is sufficiently weaker than this threshold. We propose that uniform aa-tRNA binding to the A site may be a consequence of a conformational change in the ribosome, induced by the presence of the appropriate combination of contributions from the anticodon, amino acid and tRNA body.
Ageostrophic Forcing in a Height Tendency Equation

The role of the ageostrophic vorticity tendencies in the Zwack‐Okossi vorticity tendency equation has been examined within the context that this term in the equation acts as a correction term for the vorticity tendency or height tendency calculations. In this paper, this term is shown to act as both a response to initial forcing and as a forcing mechanism itself in modulating the initial forcing. Using an earlier methodology for partitioning the wind field and the height field into their divergent and rotational parts, the ageostrophic wind is shown to contain components of both parts. Then, using an omega equation, an ageostrophic vorticity tendency is calculated, which has forcing mechanisms similar to a height tendency equation. This ageostrophic tendency is then used in this height tendency equation and provides for an improved method of calculating the ageostrophic wind rather than simply calculating it as a residual. Two case studies are then examined to demonstrate this point. For both case studies, the calculated height tendencies using the derived ageostrophic winds and those calculated as a residual overestimated the height tendencies, especially at the surface. While the correlation coefficients show that the two methods are comparable at 500 hPa, at the surface there is a notable degree of improvement in the pattern similarity. This resulted in an improved representation of the 500-hPa height tendencies for the onset of the Atlantic blocking event despite marginal improvements in the calculated field overall.
The three faces of Eve: Strategic displays of positive, negative, and neutral emotions in negotiations.

Abstract In a series of laboratory experiments, we tested the influence of strategically displaying positive, negative, and neutral emotions on negotiation outcomes. In Experiment 1, a face-to-face dispute simulation, negotiators who displayed positive emotion, in contrast to negative or neutral emotions, were more likely to incorporate a future business relationship in the negotiated contract. In Experiment 2, an ultimatum setting, managers strategically displaying positive emotion were more likely to close a deal. This effect was mediated by negotiators’ willingness to pay more to a negotiator strategically displaying positive versus negative emotions. In Experiment 3, display of positive emotion was a more effective strategy for gaining concessions from the other party in a distributive setting. Negotiators made more extreme demands when facing a negotiator strategically displaying negative, rather than positive or neutral, emotions. Implications for strategic display of emotion in negotiations are discussed.
Intracellular Complexes of the Early-Onset Torsion Dystonia-Associated AAA+ ATPase TorsinA.

A single GAG codon deletion in the gene encoding torsinA is linked to most cases of early-onset torsion dystonia. TorsinA is an ER-localized membrane-associated ATPase from the AAA+ superfamily with an unknown biological function. We investigated the formation of oligomeric complexes of torsinA in cultured mammalian cells and found that wild type torsinA associates into a complex with a molecular weight consistent with that of a homohexamer. Interestingly, the dystonia-linked variant torsinAΔE displayed a reduced propensity to form the oligomers compared to the wild type protein. We also discovered that the deletion of the N-terminal membrane-associating region of torsinA abolished oligomer formation. Our results demonstrate that the dystonia-linked mutation in the torsinA gene produces a protein variant that is deficient in maintaining its oligomeric state and suggest that ER membrane association is required to stabilize the torsinA complex.
Post-injection transmission scans in a PET camera operating without septa with simultaneous measurement of emission activity contamination

The authors report on methods developed to reliably perform attenuation correction by post-injection transmission in a volume imaging PET scanner. The method directly measures the emission contamination during the transmission study, using a virtual transmission source position offset by 200 from the actual /sup 68/Ge transition source. Events are recorded only if they meet a co-linearity requirement with either the real or virtual source position. The simultaneous measurements of the emission contamination and transmission data remove the need for complex corrections to the emission data and are not subject to activity redistributions between emission and transmission scans performed sequentially. Correction is, necessary, however, for the extra deadtime that varies with the amount of emission activity in the FOV. The extra deadtime is determined from a lookup table of deadtime as a function of detector countrates, which are recorded during the study. The lookup table is based upon phantom measurements. Using patient and phantom data, with both preand post-injection transmission measurements, this method is shown to be reliable for attenuation correction in the body. In addition, it enables the calculation of Standardised Uptake Values for analyzing tumor activity.
Subjective symptoms and hypersensitivity to cellular telephones

Electromagnetic hypersensitivity has been reported to be caused by exposure to electromagnetic fields emitted from cellular telephones and cell-phone base stations. The prevalence varies considerably with geographic location. A particularly vexing challenge in studying this phenomenon is that the symptoms reported by electromagnetically hypersensitive individuals, such as headache and fatigue, are common and nonspecific: they may have many causes. A provocation experiment showed that the number of reported symptoms was higher during sham exposure than during RF exposure conditions, and that none of the test subjects could distinguish RF exposure from sham exposure. The research published to date on electromagnetic hypersensitivity and subjective symptoms from exposure to cell-phone RF fields is very limited. Exposure of the affected persons was generally below the recommended guidelines promulgated in internationally accepted standards. The evidence now available suggests that while the reported hypersensitivity and subjective symptoms may be real, the question of whether they are associated with cell-phone use must await more comprehensive studies.
Erratum to “Invariant hip moment pattern while walking with a robotic hip exoskeleton” [J. Biomech. 44 (5) (2011) 789–793]

Erratum to “Invariant hip moment pattern while walking with a robotic hip exoskeleton” [J. Biomech. 44 (5) (2011) 789–793] Cara L. Lewis n, Daniel P. Ferris b a Human Adaptation Laboratory, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Sargent College, Boston University, 635 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA b School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA The publisher regrets that Fig. 4 contains an error in the original article, the correct figure appears below. The publisher would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused.
What's new with ABET/CSAB integration (panel session)

The Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology, Inc. (ABET) and the Computing Sciences Accreditation Board (CSAB) signed a Memorandum of Agreement in November 1998 to integrate CSAB's accreditation services with ABET, with a transition time of approximately two years. During the interim period, the operations of the Computer Science Accreditation Commission (CSAC) are contracted by CSAB to ABET. A committee with CSAC, CSAB, and ABET representation is working to set up the new commission for accrediting programs in the computing sciences. This new commission will probably be called the Computing Accreditation Commission (CAC). Other activities are underway to try to assure that this integration goes as smoothly as possible.The panel members will discuss from various points of view the current status of the integration and plans for the completion of the integration. Kenneth Martin is a Past Chair of CSAC. Lee Saperstein is past Chair of EAC. Della Bonnette is a Past CSAC Chair and current Team Chair. Doris Lidtke is serving as Adjunct Accreditation Director for Computing at ABET and a Past President of CSAB.
Human interface for cyber security anomaly detection systems

Low-level network traffic information is often times beyond the understanding of common system operators (byte counts, port numbers, packet data, etc.). However, anomaly based Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) often provide such low-level, difficult to comprehend information. This paper details a Human Interface for Security Awareness (HISA) algorithm for interpreting cyber incident information to human operators from anomaly based intrusion detections systems. A similarity algorithm mapping anomaly results to signature based intrusion system rules is developed. Categorizations of attacks found in rules created for the Snort intrusion system were used as a basis of information to present to the user. A proof of concept system was developed using Perl native functions and custom modules. Testing with generated ICMP packets resulted in an identification accuracy of 60% proving the efficacy of the presented HISA algorithm.
Radiative transfer solution using initial values in a scattering and absorbing atmosphere with surface reflection

The radiative transfer equation in a planar-stratified atmosphere with multiple scattering is solved by numerically integrating an ensemble of trial functions which are constructed so as to satisfy the boundary conditions (downward-propagating radiances) at the top of the atmosphere. The boundary conditions at the surface (reflection or scattering) are imposed after integration through the atmosphere. Opaque atmospheres constitute a special case of the latter boundary condition. The algorithm is very efficient because it requires solution, only once, of a set of linear equations of rank equal to half the number of radiation streams.
Learning Sparse Perceptrons

We introduce a new algorithm designed to learn sparse perceptrons over input representations which include high-order features. Our algorithm, which is based on a hypothesis-boosting method, is able to PAC-learn a relatively natural class of target concepts. Moreover, the algorithm appears to work well in practice: on a set of three problem domains, the algorithm produces classifiers that utilize small numbers of features yet exhibit good generalization performance. Perhaps most importantly, our algorithm generates concept descriptions that are easy for humans to understand.
Vacuum pumping system for TPX

The design of the vacuum pumping system for TPX is discussed, and progress in the research and development effort is summarized. The TPX vacuum system will use cryocondensation pumps for hydrogenic divertor pumping and turbomolecular pumps for torus evacuation, glow discharge cleaning, and deuterium-helium divertor pumping. A set of poloidally and toroidally symmetric vacuum ducts will connect the torus to the vacuum pumps; this symmetry will permit simultaneous equal pumping speed at the upper and lower diverters, and it will minimize toroidal variations in divertor pumping speed. At the divertor plena the total cryocondensation pumping speed for D/sub 2/ at 65/spl deg/C and 1 mTorr will be 80 m/sup 3//s and the total turbomolecular pumping speed for D/sub 2/ or He at 65/spl deg/C and 1 mTorr will be 18 m/sup 3//s; the system will be compatible with upgrades to improve pumping speed, to operate continuously, or to operate with D-T fuel. The cryocondensation pumps will be custom units capable of completing a low temperature regeneration cycle in 1 hour.
Direct Heteroepitaxy of Vertical InAs Nanowires on Si Substrates for Broad Band Photovoltaics and Photodetection

Catalyst-free, direct heteroepitaxial growth of vertical InAs nanowires on Si(111) substrates was accomplished over a large area by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. Nanowires showed very uniform diameters and a zinc blende crystal structure. The heterojunctions formed at the interface between the n-type InAs nanowires and the p-type Si substrate were exploited to fabricate vertical array photodiode devices which showed an excellent rectification ratio and low reverse leakage current. Temperature-dependent current transport across the heterojunctions was studied theoretically and experimentally in the dark and under AM 1.5 illumination. When operated in photovoltaic mode, the open-circuit voltage was found to increase linearly with decreasing temperature while the energy conversion efficiency changed nonmonotonically with a maximum of 2.5% at 110 K. Modeling of the nanowire/substrate heterojunctions showed good agreement with the experimental observations, and allowed determining the conduction band offset between the InAs nanowires and Si to be 0.10-0.15 eV. The external quantum efficiency and photoresponsivity profiles of the device showed a broad spectral response from the visible to the infrared region, indicating potential applications as a broad band photovoltaic cell or a visible-infrared dual-band photodetector.
Natural history of amblyopia untreated owing to lack of compliance.

AIMS—A prospective study of the efficacy of amblyopia treatment in preschool children has recently been called for, requiring an untreated control group. The present study assessed data from patients with amblyopia untreated owing to lack of compliance, or with amblyopia risk factors, to determine outcome. METHODS—Longitudinal data were obtained from 18 4-6 year old patients who had initially been screened for amblyopia, strabismus, and/or bilateral refractive error, failed to comply with prescribed treatment, and in whom amblyopia was detected at a rescreening approximately a year later. The data from three previous studies comparing outcome of patients compliant and non-compliant with amblyopia treatment were also reanalysed. RESULTS—One child of the 18, who wore glasses sporadically, showed some improvement in visual acuity in the amblyopic eye. Otherwise, no child showed an improvement, and seven of the 17 (41%) for whom visual acuities were available at both screenings showed a deterioration of visual acuity in the amblyopic eye, including three who apparently developed amblyopia for the first time. A child with an ametropic risk factor for amblyopia whose visual acuity was not obtained at the first screening and who was largely non-compliant presented with amblyopia at the second screening. The reanalysed data from the three previous studies demonstrated a significantly poorer visual acuity outcome in the amblyopic eye in the non-compliant patient groups than in the compliant groups in each study. CONCLUSION—Preschool children with amblyopia or its risk factors are at risk of having the current amblyopia deteriorate, or of developing amblyopia, if not treated. These results raise questions about the ethical acceptability of a prospective study of amblyopia treatment at these ages.
Creatine as a Novel Treatment for Depression in Females Using Methamphetamine: A Pilot Study

Objective: Depression among methamphetamine users is more prevalent in females than males, but gender-specific treatment options for this comorbidity have not been described. Reduced brain phosphocreatine levels have been shown to be lower in female methamphetamine users compared to males, and, of relevance, studies have demonstrated an association between treatment-resistant depression and reduced brain phosphocreatine concentrations. The nutritional supplement creatine monohydrate has been reported to reduce symptoms of depression in female adolescents and adults taking antidepressants, as well as to increase brain phosphocreatine in healthy volunteers. Therefore, the purpose of this pilot study was to investigate creatine monohydrate as a treatment for depression in female methamphetamine users. Methods: Fourteen females with depression and comorbid methamphetamine dependence were enrolled in an 8-week open label trial of 5 g of daily creatine monohydrate and of these 14, 11 females completed the study...
Advances in the management of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a common form of interstitial lung disease and usually results in progressive respiratory insufficiency and death. Steady progress has been made in understanding the pathogenesis of IPF and multiple clinical trials are ongoing, but effective therapy remains elusive.
Relative Roles of Genetic Background and Variation in PspA in the Ability of Antibodies to PspA To Protect against Capsular Type 3 and 4 Strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae

Pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) is able to elicit antibodies in mice and humans that can protect mice against fatal infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae. It has been observed that immunization with a single family 1 PspA can protect mice against infections with capsular type 3 or 6B strains expressing PspA family 1 or 2. However, several studies have shown that immunity to PspA is less efficacious against several capsular type 4 strains than against strains of capsular types 3, 6A, and 6B. To determine whether the greater difficulty in protecting against capsular type 4 strains resulted from differences in their PspAs or from differences in their genetic backgrounds, we performed protection experiments using four different challenge strains: a capsular type 3 strain expressing a family 1 PspA (WU2), a capsular type 4 strain expressing a family 2 PspA (TIGR4), and genetically engineered variants of WU2 and TIGR4 expressing each other's PspAs. Prior to infection, the mice were immunized with recombinant family 1 or family 2 PspA. The results revealed that much of the difficulty in protecting against capsular type 4 strains was eliminated when mice were immunized with a homologous PspA of the same PspA family. However, regardless of which PspA the strains expressed, those on the TIGR4 background were about twice as hard to protect against as WU2 strains expressing the same PspA based on the efficacy rates seen in our experiments. These results point out the importance of including more than one PspA in any PspA vaccines developed for human use.
MRSA guidelines: a matter of time.

It has been over 130 years since Staphylococcus aureus was first discovered and subsequently associated with multiple conditions from soft-tissue infection to life-threatening conditions. Over the ...
Suspected Appendicitis in the Pregnant Patient

Appendicitis is the most common nonobstetric cause of abdominal pain in pregnancy. Pregnant patients may present with an atypical examination, thereby challenging clinicians. National specialty organizations recommend that nonionizing imaging options be pursued to aid in early diagnosis. Multiple studies suggest that magnetic resonance imaging technology is a safe and accurate alternative to ionizing imaging such as X-ray or computerized tomography imaging. A standard protocol that incorporates magnetic resonance imaging technology in the evaluation of the pregnant patient is proposed.