cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Spirituality of the Desert for Education: The Call of Justice Beyond the Individual or Community

This paper argues for an alternative notion of spirituality for education, based on Theo de Boer’s idea of a spirituality of the desert. Rather than depicting an inner, additional region named the spiritual, spirituality here is thought of as a discourse that depicts the everyday world in a particular way. In dialogue with David Purpel’s analysis, the paper argues for a notion of spirituality that is located in an ongoing oscillation between ‘the individual’ and ‘the community.’ This oscillation turns out to be the call of justice. This analysis helps understand classroom dynamics differently, providing a place of critique for current practices.
Magnetostratigraphy of displaced Upper Cretaceous strata in southern California

A magnetostratigraphic study of Upper Cretaceous marine strata from the Santa Ana Mountains in southern California has identified a Campanian reversed magnetozone. This reversed interval, corresponding to marine magnetic anomaly 33–34 (Chron 33r) of Campanian age, can be correlated with a Campanian reversed magnetozone that has been reported from strata of the Great Valley Sequence in central California. The Late Cretaceous paleolatitude of the Santa Ana Mountains is estimated from this study to be 26.6°N. This is significantly different from the region9s expected Cretaceous paleolatitude of 43.8°N as part of the North American stable craton, and indicates that this region (part of the Peninsular Ranges terrane) was 1900 km farther south in Cretaceous time relative to the stable craton.
A LOGIC FOR STEPWISE CANONICAL CORRELATION ANALYSIS

Summary.-Virtually all parametric statistical procedures have been shown to be special cases of canonical correlation analysis, and canonical correlation analysis has been shown to be a useful research methodology, particularly when augmented by the calculation of canonical structure and index coefficients. This article proposes a logic for conducting stepwise canonical correlation analyses, based upon evaluation of canonical communality coefficients. The procedure is a direct analogue of stepwise multiple regression. Since Gonbach (1957) in his presidential address to the American Psychological Association long ago pointed out that "psychology continues to this day to be limited by the dedication of its investigators to one or the other method of inquiry [correIational or experimental] rather than to scientific psychology as a whole" (p. 671), researchers have increasingly recognized that "experimental" statistical procedures and "correlational" statistical procedures cannot be readily differentiated. Thus some researchers today employ multiple regression analysis to conduct analysis-of-variance calculations (Kerlinger & Pedhazur, 1973, p. 3). In a similar vein Knapp (1978, p. 410) notes that "virtually all of the commonly encountered parametric tests of significance can be treated as special cases of canonical correlation analysis, which is the general procedure for investigating the relationships between two sets of variables." Nevertheless, analysis-of-variance techniques and their analogues (analysis of covariance, multivariate analysis of variance, and multivariate analysis of covariance) have been among the most widely used research methods employed in the social sciences (Edgington, 1974; Willson, 1980). However, these techniques may not be fully appropriate for use in research involving multiple independent variables, if some of the independent variables are higher than nominally scaled. This frequently occurs because, as Kerlinger (1979, p. 119) notes, most non-manipulated variables, i.e., what Cronbach (1957) termed aptitude variables, tend to be higher than nominally scaled. The use of analysis of variance techniques in this situation can be unfortunate, because "when we reduce interval level of scale data to the nominal level of scale we are doing nothing less than thoughtlessly throwing away information which we previously went to some trouble to collect. If research is conducted for
A Life of Language

This is a truly overwhelming experience. Since I am not a cat, I expect to have one lifetime in which to achieve anything, one award for it at the most. So this is it, and I am honored and humbled and, of course, delighted. It is wonderful to be among so many of the friends that have enriched my life in so many ways. Thank you for permitting me to feel, for some short moments, that one or two of the things I have done may be allowed to count as accomplishments. There is only one thing that gave me pause for a moment when I heard about the award, and that is its title. But my concern was soon put to rest when I checked up on the previous three recipients and found that, as far as I could tell, they were doing quite well. If you will forgive me, I will tell you a little about this lifetime, such as it has been. After all, as I have said, one has but one chance for such gross indulgence. The ambiguities that are a linguist’s constant companion, were with me from the start for, if I say I was born in London, then do I mean that the place where I was born was part of London at the time of my birth, or that it is part of London now? In fact, only the second proposition is true. I was born in 1935 in Edgeware, which was in the county of Middlesex then, but was later absorbed by London for reasons that I believe to be unrelated. The first event that lodged in my memory was the declaration of war in 1939. I had no idea what it meant, but everyone took it so seriously that it made some kind of impression on me even at the age of four. London was bombed a lot, and Edgeware a little. My mother was afraid of the bombing, but I found it fun. My father was never afraid of anything. He was an inspector of schools and was charged with evacuating children from London. I was sent to a variety of places but invariably returned to London after a few weeks because my mother could not stand to be away from the excitement of the capital for more than a few weeks, even if it did mean being bombed. We went to Dorchester, and Devizes in the west country and I encountered new kinds of vowels, and discovered that syllables could end in an ‘r’. I started mimicking people and learning to associate the way people talked with where they came from. We went to Leeds, in the north country and I learnt how diphthongs could become monophthongs and how to tell whether a person came from Leeds or Bradford, despite the fact that these cities are barely fifteen miles apart. People told me I was destined to become a linguist. I did not know what a linguist was and it turns out, in retrospect, neither did they. One of the places I was sent to avoid the bombs was Llambadarn, a small village in southern Wales where only Welsh was spoken. The idea that there could be a place where people did not speak English had not occurred to me before, and it fascinated me. One of the things I regret about the experience still today is that my mother could not
Natural Resource-Based Communities, Risk, and Disaster: An Intersection of Theories

ABSTRACT Natural resource-based communities are often theoretically assumed to be vulnerable to the negative effects of environmental and social change. Such communities are also seen as being especially vulnerable to risks and disasters. Disaster research perspectives echo this in their emphasis on environmental and social vulnerability. Also, theories of risk largely fail to illuminate community level experiences. To address this gap, a community-based approach is advanced that incorporates vulnerability, risk perception, and the capacity for local action in a framework for understanding community response to risk. The intersection of an interactional theory of community and perspectives from risk and disaster research is explored in the context of natural resource-based communities.
Application of Control System Studio for the NOνA Detector Control System.

In the NOνA experiment, the Detector Controls System (DCS) provides a method for controlling and monitoring important detector hardware and environmental parameters. It is essential for operating the detector and is required to have access to roughly 370,000 independent programmable channels via more than 11,600 physical devices. In this paper, we demonstrate an application of Control System Studio (CSS), developed by Oak Ridge National Laboratory, for the NOνA experiment. The application of CSS for the DCS of the NOνA experiment has been divided into three phases: (1) user requirements and concept prototype on a test-stand, (2) small scale deployment at the prototype Near Detector on the Surface, and (3) a larger scale deployment at the Far Detector. We also give an outline of the CSS integration with the NOνA online software and the alarm handling logic for the Front-End electronics.
Towards acceleration of fault simulation using graphics processing units

In this paper, we explore the implementation of fault simulation on a graphics processing unit (GPU). In particular, we implement a fault simulator that exploits thread level parallelism. Fault simulation is inherently parallelizable, and the large number of threads that can be computed in parallel on a GPU results in a natural fit for the problem of fault simulation. Our implementation fault- simulates all the gates in a particular level of a circuit, including good and faulty circuit simulations, for all patterns, in parallel. Since GPUs have an extremely large memory bandwidth, we implement each of our fault simulation threads (which execute in parallel with no data dependencies) using memory lookup. Fault injection is also done along with gate evaluation, with each thread using a different fault injection mask. All threads compute identical instructions, but on different data, as required by the Single Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD) programming semantics of the GPU. Our results, implemented on a NVIDIA GeForce GTX 8800 GPU card, indicate that our approach is on average 35 x faster when compared to a commercial fault simulation engine. With the recently announced Tesla GPU servers housing up to eight GPUs, our approach would be potentially 238 times faster. The correctness of the GPU based fault simulator has been verified by comparing its result with a CPU based fault simulator.
Early Bronze Age Tin and the Taurus

The sources of tin being exploited by the metalworkers of Early Bronze Age Anatolia remain to be identified. While K.A. Yener and P.J. Vandiver (Tin Processing at Goltepe, an Early Bronze Age Site in Anatolia, supra pp. 207-38) present very impressive evidence for some sort of mining and metalworking activity at Kestel and Goltepe, they fail to demonstrate that tin must have been the metal being sought after in these operations. Nor can it be shown that the general area of southeastern Anatolia was a significant center of bronze metallurgy during the third millennium. Even Egypt, with well-documented sources of tin, seems to have made little use of bronze before ca. 2000 B.C.
The role of dimensional preferences in discrimination learning

This study confirmed the hypothesis that S’s preference for a stimulus dimension affects the ease with which he achieves a discrimination in which that dimension is relevant. The significance of this finding for the generally accepted explanation of Kendler & Kendler’s (1959) study of discrimination reversal learning in kindergarteners was indicated.
188: Association of cord blood digitalis-like factor and necrotizing enterocolitis in the neonate

MRI findings at 6 weeks of life (cases) were compared to those with normal MRI findings following whole body cooling (controls). Glucose levels were obtained from their cord blood. ELISA-like colorimetric tests were performed at standard conditions. Maternal demographics, antepartum and intrapartum complications were compared. Standard statistics including Ttests, chi-square and logistic regression were performed using STATA version 11. Power calculations were performed. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated. RESULTS: Thirty one infants were identified; 19 with normal MRI and 12 with abnormal MRI findings. The neonates with abnormal MRIs had a median gestational age (GA) of 39.0 wks (SD 1.40), mean birthweight 3325g (SD 683.6) and mean cord pH of 6.92 (SD 0.05). The neonates with normal MRIs had a median GA of 39.26 wks (SD 1.73), mean birthweight of 3403g (SD 133.6) and mean cord pH of 6.96 (SD 0.03). Logistic regression modeling revealed an odds ratio 0.64 (95% CI 0.0006-0.625) for abnormal MRI findings associated with glucose above 85 mg/dL (even after controlling for confounders) with a sensitivity of 92% and specificity of 63%. CONCLUSION: Cord glucose above 85 mg/dL in term encephalopathic neonates who qualified for whole body cooling is associated with improved MRI findings. Cord blood glucose may prove to be an additional risk stratification tool for encephalopathic neonates.
Organoboranes. 52. The successful ring enlargement of boracyclanes via sequential one‐carbon homologation: The first synthesis of boracyclanes in the strained medium‐ring range

Previous attempts to synthesize boracyclanes in the medium-ring range (9-, 10-, 11-, and 12-ring members) via cyclic hydroboration of α,ω-dienes have failed. However, their synthesis via the sequential one-carbon homologation of B-methoxyboracyclanes has been achieved utilizing the successive reaction of B-methoxyboracyclanes with in situ generated (chloromethyl)lithium (LiCH2Cl): MeOB(CH2)5 → MeOB(CH2)6 → MeOB(CH2)7 → MeOB(CH2)8 → MeOB(CH2)9 → MeOB(CH2)10 → MeOB(CH2)11. The yields achieved are in the range of 75–85%. In each case the products are identified by conversion via the DCME reaction into the known cycloalkanones. This development provides the first entry into boracyclanes of the strained medium ring range.
Blockade of the systemic and renal vascular actions of angiotensin II with the 1-SAR, 8-ALA analogue in the rat

Abstract To assess the characteristics of blockade induced by 1-Sar, 8-Ala angiotensin II (P113) in the rat, dose-response relationships were established for angiotensin II and blood pressure, cardiac output and renal blood flow (measured with microspheres) and calculated total peripheral resistance. P113 infused at 1.0 μg/kg/min reduced renal and systemic vascular responses to angiotensin II, but did not modify the pressor response because of compensatory increase in cardiac output. Ganglionic blockade (pentolinium tartrate 2.5 mg) uncovered a significant influence of P113 at 1.0 μg/kg/ min on pressor responses to angiotensin II. P113 at 10 μg/kg/min totally prevented the pressor and renal vascular response to 1.0 μg/kg/min of angiotensin II. P113 at 10 and 100 μg/kg/min did not influence renal blood flow, cardiac output or total peripheral resistance, and had only a transient, small influence on blood pressure. P113 did not modify the renal or systemic vascular response to norepinephrine. The failure of P113 to influence renal blood flow in the rat and the relative insensitivity of the renal vasculature to angiotensin II suggest that the vascular receptor for angiotensin II in the rat differs from that in other species including the dog, rabbit and man.
Religion and gambling in sin-city: A statistical analysis of the relationship between religion and gambling patterns in Las Vegas residents

Abstract Does the religion of Las Vegas residents affect their gambling patterns? To determine the nature of the relationship, a quantitative analysis was performed. The independent variables were the frequency of gambling and amount of money gambled. The independent variables were religious denomination, frequency of attendance at religious services, and the level of importance of religion in the life of the respondent. The results showed that the frequency of gambling in Las Vegas is affected by religious denomination, the level of importance of religion in the life of the respondent, and the frequency of attendance at religious services. The amount of money gambled was also influenced by the frequency of attendance at religious services and the importance of religion in the life of the respondent, but not by religious denomination.
Stable isotope evidence for an atmospheric origin of desert nitrate deposits in northern Chile and southern California, U.S.A.

Natural surficial accumulations of nitrate-rich salts in the Atacama Desert, northern Chile, and in the Death Valley region of the Mojave Desert, southern California, are well known, but despite many geologic and geochemical studies, the origins of the nitrates have remained controversial. N and O isotopes in nitrate, and S isotopes in coexisting soluble sulfate, were measured to determine if some proposed N sources could be supported or rejected, and to determine if the isotopic signature of these natural deposits could be used to distinguish them from various types of anthropogenic nitrate contamination that might be found in desert groundwaters. High-grade calich-a-type nitrate deposits from both localities have δ15N values that range from −5 to +5‰, but are mostly near 0‰. Values of δ15N near 0‰ are consistent with either bulk atmospheric N deposition or microbial N fixation as major sources of the N in the deposits. δ18O values of those desert nitrates with δ15N near 0‰ range from about +31 to +50‰ (V-SMOW), significantly higher than that of atmospheric O2 (+23.5‰). Such high values of δ18O are considered unlikely to result entirely from nitrification of reduced N, but rather resemble those of modern atmospheric nitrate in precipitation from some other localities. Assuming that limited modern atmospheric isotope data are applicable to the deposits, and allowing for nitrification of co-deposited ammonium, it is estimated that the fraction of the nitrate in the deposits that could be, accounted for isotopically by atmospheric N deposition may be at least 20% and possibly as much as 100%. δ34S values are less diagnostic but could also be consistent with atmospheric components in some of the soluble sulfates associated with the deposits. The stable isotope data support the hypothesis that some high-grade caliche-type nitrate-rich salt deposits in some of the Earth's hyperarid deserts represent long-term accumulations of atmospheric deposition (possibly in the order of 104 yr for the Death Valley region, 107 yr for the Atacama Desert) in the relative absence of soil leaching or biologic cycling. The combined N and O isotope signature of the nitrate in these deposits is significantly different from those of many other natural and anthropogenic sources of nitrate.
Two mechanisms of chemotaxis in Paramecium

Paramecia show chemotaxis, that is, they accumulate in or disperse from the vicinity of chemicals. This study examines both the avoiding reactions (abrupt random changes of swimming direction) and velocities of normal and mutant paramecia in attractants and repellents and shows that the animals accumulate or disperse either by changing the frequency of avoiding reactions or by changing swimming velocity. Mutations or conditions that eliminate avoiding reactions abolish the chemotaxis response to chemicals that cause accumulation or dispersal by modulation of frequency of avoiding reactions but not the response to chemicals that cause chemotaxis by modulation of velocity. The current knowledge of the bioelectric control of the swimming behavior inParamecium and observations of mutants defective in bioelectric control and in chemotaxis are used to develop a hypothesis for membrane potential control of chemotaxis: attractants that require the avoiding reaction slightly hyperpolarize the membrane; repellents that require the avoiding reaction slightly depolarize the membrane; repellents that cause chemitaxis by modulation of velocity strongly hyperpolarize the membrane.
Induction of intramuscular collateral nerve sprouting by neurally applied colchicine.

Abstract The plantaris muscle of the rat is innervated by fibers deriving from spinal nerves L4 and L5. When L4 is transected, the intact residual L5 fibers sprout intramuscular preterminal processes which reinnervate some of the denervated muscle fibers and restore their weight and strength. Experiments by Diamond and his colleagues on cutaneous innervation in salamanders indicated that collateral sprouting can be elicited by applying colchicine to a nerve as well as by transecting it, and it therefore seems that collateral sprouting results from the interruption of axonal transport rather than from nerve degeneration. We tested this hypothesis by either transecting or applying colchicine to spinal nerve L4 in the rat and measuring the isometric strength of contraction of the plantaris 2 weeks later. After transection of L4, electrical stimulation of L4 gave no response whereas stimulation of L5 gave a supranormal isometric tension; after application of colchicine to L4, stimulation of L4 resulted in a normal isometric tension and stimulation of L5 gave a supranormal one. The muscles were examined histologically by combined silver-cholinesterase staining. Colchicine treatment produced abnormalities of innervation pattern characteristic of preterminal collateral sprouting. Because colchicine disrupts axonal transport, we interpret these results to mean that interruption of axonal transport in L4 fibers stimulates intramuscular sprouting of L5 fibers. The data are consistent with Diamond's hypothesis that nerves possess a propensity for collateral growth which is ordinarily repressed by factors that are dependent on axonal transport.
The cloning and characterization of a RAS gene from Schizosaccharomyces pombe.

We have cloned and determined the complete nucleotide sequence of a RAS gene from the yeastSchizosaccharomyces pombe (SP-RAS). The putative RAS protein of 214 amino acids is encoded by two noncontiguous reading frames separated by an intron of 86 bp. The SP-RAS gene product shares extensive homology with the proteins of theSaccharomyces cerevisiae (SC),Dictyostelium, Drosophila, and human RAS genes in its N-terminal region but not in its C-terminal region. The extended C-terminal regions found in the SC-RAS genes have no counterpart in the SP-RAS gene. Thus the RAS genes of these two yeasts are structurally quite distinct. The SP-RAS sequence was expressed in vivo.
Regulation of the neuronal glutamate transporter excitatory amino acid carrier-1 (EAAC1) by different protein kinase C subtypes.

In previous studies, we have shown that activation of protein kinase C (PKC) rapidly (within minutes) increases the activity and cell surface expression of the glutamate transporter EAAC1 in two systems that endogenously express this transporter (C6 glioma cells and cocultures of neurons and astrocytes). However, the magnitude of the increase in activity is greater than the increase in cell surface expression. In addition, certain compounds completely block the increase in cell surface expression but only partially attenuate the increase in activity. We hypothesized that PKC increases EAAC1 activity by increasing cell surface expression and catalytic efficiency and that two different subtypes of PKC mediate these effects. To address these hypotheses, the PKC subtypes expressed by C6 glioma cells were identified. Of the PKC subtypes that are activated by phorbol esters, only PKCalpha, PKCdelta, and PKCepsilon were observed. Go6976, a compound that blocks PKCalpha at concentrations that do not inhibit PKCdelta or PKCepsilon, partially inhibited the increase in uptake but completely abolished the increase in EAAC1 cell surface expression. The 'Go6976-insensitive' increase in activity was not associated with a change in total transporter expression but was associated with an increase in the V(max). Na(+)-dependent glycine transport was not increased, providing indirect evidence that the Go6976-insensitive increase in activity was not caused by a change in the Na(+) electrochemical gradient required for activity. Finally, by down-regulating different subtypes of PKC, we found evidence that PKCepsilon mediates the increase in EAAC1 activity that is independent of changes in cell surface expression and found further evidence that PKCalpha mediates the increase in cell surface expression. The potential relationship of the present work with a previously identified role for PKCalpha in certain forms of synaptic plasticity is discussed.
Material side tracing and curve refinement for pencil-cut machining of complex polyhedral models

In this paper, a new Material-Side-Tracing method and a pencil-cut curve refinement technique are proposed for 3-axis pencil-cut path generation. Pencil-cut machining has been used to remove remaining material at highly curved regions or corners after the finishing process. Procedures of evaluating and extracting valid pencil-cut points are developed by taking practical cases into account. With the strategy of using material-side information in the tracing process, smooth and clean pencil-cut curves can be generated even if the actual adjacent pencil-cut curves are very close. A technique of pencil-cut curve refinement is presented to overcome the limitation due to the discrete CL-net intervals, and the smooth pencil-cut paths are made complete at sharp corners. Computer implementation and practical examples are also presented in this paper. The proposed techniques can be used in the CAD/CAM systems to generate pencil-cut paths for machining complex polyhedral models.
Attachment of intranuclear annulate lamellae to the nuclear envelope.

Oocytes of four species of ascidians were examined with the electron microscope. Prior to fixation, oocytes were subjected to centrifugal forces of 10–15,000 g for 5–10 min and were compared with uncentrifuged oocytes. Intranuclear annulate lamellae (IAL) are distributed uniformly around the periphery of the nucleus of the uncentrifuged oocyte. Centrifugation produces a marked flattening of the oocyte nucleus, migration of nucleoli to the centrifugal end, and often a condensation of the nucleoplasm at the centrifugal end. In contrast, the distribution of IAL is unchanged by centrifugation. Furthermore, numerous IAL profiles appear to be touching the nuclear envelope, and, in a few of these, direct continuity of the IAL with the nuclear envelope is demonstrated.
Ethiopia’s social protection landscape: Its surface and underlying structures:

This article demonstrates the utility of explicating underlying forces that have brought about, shaped and underpinned provision of social protection in each sub-Saharan African country. It does so in the context of examining six such forces, namely: tradition and culture, drought and famine, relations among key actors, the mainstream paradigm of development, the poverty reduction agenda of the ruling party, and constrained fiscal space that have historically contributed to current provision of social protection in Ethiopia. Recommendations are given for social work policy practice to enable decision-makers to integrate developmental and human rights objectives in Ethiopia’s forthcoming national social protection strategy.
Solid-state NMR structural studies of peptides and proteins in membranes

Abstract Solid-state NMR spectroscopy is emerging as a new approach in the structural investigations of peptides and proteins in membrane bilayers. Orientational parameters obtained from samples aligned on glass plates have been used to determine their secondary structures and orientations in the bilayer. They have also been used in the determination of the high resolution structure of gramicidin. Additional structural information, distance measurements between pairs of different nuclei and between pairs of like nuclei has been obtained on peptides in bilayers using magic angle spinning methods.
Cover Picture: Ductile‐to‐Brittle Transition in Nanocrystalline Metals (Adv. Mater. 16/2005)

Uniaxial tensile studies concerning electrodeposited nanocrystalline face-centered cubic Ni and Ni–Fe alloys are reported on p. 1969 by Ebrahimi and Li. The nanograined metals display a transition in the deformation mechanism at a critical grain size. The cover shows that their fracture surfaces exhibited a ductile-to-brittle transition from the “cup–cup” (intragranular, ductile failure, dislocation controlled) (top panels) to “cup–cone” (intergranular, brittle fracture, probably due to breaking of atomic bonds) (bottom panels) characteristics at room temperature across this critical grain size value.
Same- and cross-sex friendships and the psychology of homosociality

The present study investigated the homosocial preferences and the functions, formation, and maintenance characteristics of same- and cross-sex friendships for a sample of 90 young adults, ages 20 to 28 years. Single women and married participants of both sexes evidenced a definite preference for same-sex friendships. The expectations associated with same-sex friendship functioning were found to be similar for both sexes. Cross-sex friendships were reported by both women and men as providing less help and loyalty than same-sex relationships. Otherwise, cross-sex friendship functioning was described by men as closely resembling same-sex friendships, but women reported cross-sex relations as providing less acceptance, less intimacy, and more companionship than same-sex ones. Friendship formation and maintenance for same- and cross-sex friendships were also found to differ significantly. The results are discussed in terms of Lipman-Blumen's [In M. Blaxall & B. Reagan (Eds.), Women and the workplace. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1976, pp. 15–32] theory of homosociality.
Graphical Data for Ground Grid Analysis

The paper presents graphical data for the calculation of ground grid resistance, corner mesh potential and corner step potential for a restricted class of ground grids. The restricted class of ground grids are similar to those considered in the IEEE Guide for Safety In Substation Grounding, IEEE Standard 80-1976, where the primary restrictions are uniform soil, rectangular grid shape, and uniform conductor spacing. The data presented represents the computer analysis of over 2,385 ground grid configurations using the method of moments (also called a finite element analysis) computer algorithm GRID developed at Georgia Tech under EPRI sponsorship. This computer algorithm has been validated with several field measurement programs. The graphical data is for square grids with square meshes. Simple equations are presented to extend this data to rectangular grids with rectangular meshes.
Facilitating a Whole-Life Approach to Career Development: The Role of Organizational Leadership

This article focuses on the “whole-life” approach to career development. A review of the ways in which career paths have been conceptualized over time demonstrates that increasing consideration has been given to nonwork factors (i.e., personal life and family life) in defining careers. The whole-life perspective on career development acknowledges that employees are striving for opportunities for professional development as well as individualized work–life balance, which changes over the life course. Although the careers literature has emphasized interorganizational mobility as the primary mechanism for achieving these goals, whole-life career development can also be achieved within a single organization when organizational leadership is willing to address employees’ work–family needs. This article addresses how leaders across organizational levels, including executive-level leaders and first-line supervisors, can foster whole-life career development. In addition to beneficial outcomes for employees, poten...
Mathematical modeling of hydrodynamic chromatography

Abstract Hydrodynamic chromatography (HDC) is a chromatographic technique, first described by Small (J. Colloid Interface Sci. 48, 1, 147 (1974)), for measuring the size of colloidal particles in aqueous dispersions. HDC is based on the observation that the rate of transport of colloidal particles through packed beds of spherical particles depends on the size of the particles. A HDC unit similar to the one described by Small was built, tested, and calibrated with monodisperse polystyrene latexes in the size range of 88–357 nm. A mathematical model was developed to simulate the performance of the HDC unit and to calculate particle size distributions from experimental chromatographs. The mathematical model includes components for flow in the packed bed and for light scattering in the turbidity detection cell. Constants in the model were established from the chromatographs of the calibration runs with monodisperse latexes. The model was then tested with chromatographs for mixtures of two different monodisperse polystyrene latexes. Particle number ratios obtained from the model were within 10% of the values determined by electron microscopy.
Multilayered semiconductor membranes for nanopore ionic conductance modulation.

We explore the possibility of using thin layered semiconductor membranes for electrical control of the ion current flow through a nanopore, thereby operating like tunable ionic transistors. While single layer semiconductor membranes can be voltage tuned to operate as ionic filters or “switches”, double layered membranes can rectify the ion current flowing through the nanopore in addition to ion filtering. Triple layer membranes exhibit enhanced functionality with characteristics similar to those of the single and double layer membranes in addition to bidirectional current blocking and switching, thereby operating similar to tunable ionic transistors.
Tetracycline-associated fatty liver in the male. Report of an autopsied case.

Death associated with hepatic decompensation and fatty liver developing during tetracycline administration is reported in an adult man without predisposing hormonal abnormality. Attention is focused on the dose-related hepatotoxicity of the tetracyclines, and caution in the intravenous administration of this antibiotic, even in the male, is stressed.
Studies on the bristle pattern of Drosophila.

Abstract Some mutant alleles at the sc locus have a partial suppressing effect on the bristle-removing action of Dichaete. This suppression is correlated with the effect of the sc allele on certain bristles of the head, rather than with effects on those of the thorax—though the measured suppression effect itself concerns thoracic bristles. A developmental interpretation is suggested, based on the probable pseudoallelic relation between achaete and scute.
Application of superconducting cable-in-conduit conductors to coil systems for Maglev vehicles

Significant system advantages result if the superconducting levitation and propulsion coils can be operated at temperatures higher than 4.2 K, which can be achieved with cable-in-conduit conductors (CICCs) using Nb/sub 3/Sn and supercritical helium as the working fluid. The authors compare the relative advantages of NbTi and Nb/sub 3/Sn for this application. They also discuss the system aspects surrounding the selection of operating temperature, current density and number of modules. The features of a suitable CICC Nb/sub 3/Sn conductor which has been manufactured are described. >
Pathogenesis and Epidemiology of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis

In contrast to women with infrequent episodes of candidal vaginitis, women with chronic and recurrent candidal vaginitis do not have recognizable precipitating or causal factors. Analysis of vaginal yeast isolated from women with recurrent candidal vaginitis, although revealing a higher percentage of non-albicans Candida sp., indicates that resistance to imidazoles is not a causal factor, and other fungal virulence factors that could explain the repeated attacks have not been identified. Strain typing of sequential clinical isolates indicates a pattern of vaginal relapse rather than frequent vaginal reinfection, and attempts to reduce attacks by treating sexual partners and suppressing a gastrointestinal tract focus have failed. Recent immunological studies suggest the possibility of an acquired Candida antigen-specific immunological deficiency resulting in uncontrolled vaginal Candida proliferation and hence repeated clinical attacks. In support of the immunological hypothesis is the recent report of normal T lymphocyte suppression of Candida hyphal production.
The HK/LK polymorphism of erythrocyte cation content in two wild species of east African bovids: demonstrated in wildebeest but not in African buffalo.

Summary Concentrations of K and Na were determined in erythrocytes from wildebeest and African buffalo resident in Tanzania. The object was to determine if these species possess the HK/LK polymorphism which is typical of other bovid species, but not of other mammals. The polymorphism is characterized by individuals that are either of the HK phenotype (high K and low Na concentrations in red cells) or LK phenotype (low K and high Na concentrations in red cells). Wildebeest were shown to be polymorphic, with the distribution of phenotypes resembling that in domestic cattle. By contrast the polymorphism was not found in the African buffalo; all 59 individuals examined exhibited the HK phenotype. This was unexpected, since the polymorphism has been observed in five divergent bovid species, including two species (water buffalo and domestic cow) that are closely related to the African buffalo, and classified in the same subfamily (Bovinae). The most parsimonious interpretation of this pattern is that the trait was lost from the African buffalo after species in the Bovinae diverged. The biological significance of the HK/LK polymorphism, and reasons for its presence or absence among species in the Bovidae, remain obscure.
Work in progress: Phenomenographic perspective on engineering students' experience of interdisciplinary learning

With challenges engineering education faces in meeting societal needs, learning in an interdisciplinary setting has the potential to provide engineering students with opportunities to consider alternative perspectives and engage in deep learning approaches. Few empirical studies have explored interdisciplinary learning situated in other learning literature. This work-in-process explores the variance of students' experience of interdisciplinary settings. A phenomenographic framework is used to guide the methodology of the study. Maximum variation sampling is employed when collecting data using semi-structured interviews with 20–30 engineering students about their concrete experience of interdisciplinary learning. The literature and research on interdisciplinarity as well as adult learning inform the construction of the phenomenographic study and will provide ways to interpret and situate the results. The interpretive framework includes elements from theories of transformative learning, encountering others, and interdisciplinary topology.
Initiation of IP3-mediated Ca2+ waves in Xenopus oocytes

Inositol (1,4,5)-trisphosphate (IP(3)) evokes Ca(2+) liberation in Xenopus oocytes as elementary events (Ca(2+) puffs) that become coupled to propagate Ca(2+) waves with increasing [IP(3)]. To investigate this transition between local and global Ca(2+) signaling, we developed an optical method for evoking rapid subcellular Ca(2+) elevations, while independently photoreleasing IP(3) and simultaneously recording confocal Ca(2+) images. Focal Ca(2+) elevations triggered waves within 100 ms of photoreleasing IP(3), compared with latencies of seconds following photorelease of IP(3) alone. Wave velocity varied with [IP(3)] but was independent of time after photorelease of IP(3), indicating that delayed wave initiation did not involve slow binding of IP(3) to its receptors. The amount of Ca(2+) required to trigger a wave was approximately 10-fold greater than the average size of puffs, and puffs showed no progressive increase in magnitude before waves initiated. Instead, Ca(2+) puffs contributed to a slow rise in basal free [Ca(2+)], which further increased puff frequency and sensitized IP(3) receptors so that individual events then triggered waves. Because the wave threshold is much greater than the size of the elementary puff, cells can employ both local and global signaling mechanisms, and the summation of stochastic behavior of elementary events allows generation of reproducible periodic waves.
Genetic analysis of ozone-induced acute lung injury in sensitive and resistant strains of mice

Epidemiological studies have found air pollution to be associated with excessive mortality, particularly death from respiratory and cardiovascular causes. Interpretation of these findings is controversial, however, because toxicological mechanisms controlling mortality are uncertain. Susceptibility to many air pollutants entails an oxidative stress response. Accordingly, the best-characterized oxidant air pollutant is ozone, which causes direct oxidative damage of lung biomolecules. An underlying characteristic derived from clinical and epidemiological studies of healthy and asthmatic individuals of all ages is marked variability in the respiratory effects of ozone. This susceptibility difference among humans suggests that genetic determinants may control predisposition to the harmful effects of ozone. Mice also vary considerably in their response to ozone. Moreover, ozone-induced differences in strain responses indicate that susceptibility in mice can be genetically determined. Therefore, we used inbred mice to investigate the genetic determinants of acute lung injury. Recombinant inbred (RI) strains derived from A/J (A) mice (sensitive) and C57BL/6J (B) mice (resistant) showed a continuous phenotypic pattern, suggesting a multigenic trait. Quantitative trait locus and RI analyses suggested three major loci linked to ozone susceptibility. Differences in phenotype ratios among the reciprocal back-crosses were consistent with parental imprinting. These findings implicate various genetic and epigenetic factors in individual susceptibility to air pollution.
Ultrastructure of the mushroom body: digestion during metamorphosis of Utterbackia imbecillis (Bivalvia: Unionidae)

Larvae of the freshwater mussel Utterbackia imbecillis metamorphose to juveniles either during their attachment to a host fish, or in vitro in a culture medium. This transformation includes degeneration of larval structures and development of the juvenile morphology. Early in metamorphosis the cells comprising the larval mantle enlarge and project into the mantle cavity, forming a structure referred to as the mushroom body. Its cells, which are ultrastruc- turally very similar to digestive cells of adult bivalves, are involved in pinocytosis or phago- cytosis of the larval adductor muscle and of tissue from the host fish that is enclosed between the larval shells. Ingested material is passed from pinosomes to heterophagosomes which in turn fuse with heterolysosomes, where final degradation of ingested material occurs. Acid phos- phatase activity was detected in heterophagosomes and heterolysosomes of all animals exam- ined. In larvae that metamorphosed in vitro, the apical cytoplasm of the cells of the mushroom body, and the extracellular spaces among them, also exhibited acid phosphatase activity. Larvae reared on a host fish accumulated substantial deposits of lipids and glycogen within larval mantle cells during metamorphosis, whereas larvae reared in vitro did not. The larval mantle cells which constitute the mushroom body appear to be the primary sites of intracellular di- gestion of the larval adductor muscle and host tissue during metamorphosis.
A Cajal body-independent pathway for telomerase trafficking in mice

The intranuclear trafficking of human telomerase involves a dynamic interplay between multiple nuclear sites, most notably Cajal bodies and telomeres. Cajal bodies are proposed to serve as sites of telomerase maturation, storage, and assembly, as well as to function in the cell cycle-regulated delivery of telomerase to telomeres in human cells. Here, we find that telomerase RNA does not localize to Cajal bodies in mouse cells, and instead resides in separate nuclear foci throughout much of the cell cycle. However, as in humans, mouse telomerase RNA (mTR) localizes to subsets of telomeres specifically during S phase. The localization of mTR to telomeres in mouse cells does not require coilin-containing Cajal bodies, as mTR is found at telomeres at similar frequencies in cells from wild-type and coilin knockout mice. At the same time, we find that human TR localizes to Cajal bodies (as well as telomeres) in mouse cells, indicating that the distinct trafficking of mTR is attributable to an intrinsic property of the RNA (rather than a difference in the mouse cell environment such as the properties of mouse Cajal bodies). We also find that during S phase, mTR foci coalesce into short chains, with at least one of the conjoined mTR foci co-localizing with a telomere. These findings point to a novel, Cajal body-independent pathway for telomerase biogenesis and trafficking in mice.
Net Nitrogen Mineralization from Past Years' Manure and Fertilizer Applications.

Manure from the semiarid West’s dairy industries is a rich nutrient source, but its use for crops can be problematic because soil N availability from manure may vary substantially depending on the year of application. Experimental plots established in Idaho on a Portneuf silt loam (coarse silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Durinodic Xeric Haplocalcid) included six manure treatments and two non-manure treatments with four replicates. The six manure treatments included combinations of two manure rates, Man-1x (0.31 Mg total N/ha) and Man-3x (0.97 Mg total N/ha) applied in the fall either 1, 2, or 3 years previously. The two non-manure treatments were urea fertilizer applied per soil test (Fert) and a control with no amendment. We measured net N mineralization (0-30 cm) in the plots using buried bags in 2006, 2007, and 2009 for a sprinkler-irrigated barley, sugarbeet, and dry bean crop, respectively. This resulted in i) two years of net N mineralization data for each manure rate applied 1, 2, or 3 years prior to measurement; and ii) one year of data for each manure rate applied 4 or 5 years previous to the measurement year. A 5-year decay series for each of the two manure rates was derived from functions fitted to the net N mineralization data, expressed as a fraction of total manure-N applied. The decay series (y1-y5) for the manure-1x treatment was 0.23, 0.12, 0.10, 0.09, and 0.08 while that for the manure-3x rate was 0.20, 0.08, 0.05, 0.04, and 0.03. Soil at the 30-to-60-cm depth contributed up to 28% of the total N mineralized in the 0-to-60-cm soil layer of manure-amended soils in the 3rd year after application, with lesser amounts contributed in earlier years due to immobilization. The efficacy of N mineralization processes decreased as the manure application increased, thus using a single decay series to predict N availability across a range of manure application rates could lead to substantial estimation errors.
A nonlinear dynamic approach for evaluating postural control: new directions for the management of sport-related cerebral concussion.

Recent research suggests that traditional biomechanical models of postural stability do not fully characterise the nonlinear properties of postural control. In sports medicine, this limitation is manifest in the postural steadiness assessment approach, which may not be sufficient for detecting the presence of subtle physiological change after injury. The limitation is especially relevant given that return-to-play decisions are being made based on assessment results. This update first reviews the theoretical foundation and limitations of the traditional postural stability paradigm. It then offers, using the clinical example of athletes recovering from cerebral concussion, an alternative theoretical proposition for measuring changes in postural control by applying a nonlinear dynamic measure known as ‘approximate entropy’. Approximate entropy shows promise as a valuable means of detecting previously unrecognised, subtle physiological changes after concussion. It is recommended as an important supplemental assessment tool for determining an athlete’s readiness to resume competitive activity.