cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Studies on the mechanism of inhibition of tRNA methylation by 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine

A Lineweaver-Burk analysis of a kinetic study of tRNA methylation by a 30-50% (NH4)2SO4 fraction from a weanling rat liver extract showed competitive inhibition with a Km for S-adenosylmethionine = 0.66 - 10(-6) M and a Ki for 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine (dopamine) = 4 - 10(-5) M. The dopamine-inhibited methylation of tRNA appears to be linear with time. Rapid-flow dialysis studies indicated a S-adenosylmethionine binding constant of 0.65 - 10(-6) M. Dopamine appeared to interfere with the binding of S-adenosylmethionine to the weanling rat liver protein preparation but did not affect the binding of S-adenosylmethionine to protein in several systems in which dopamine did not inhibit tRNA methylase activity.
The evaluation of postmastectomy morbidity: a review of the literature.

Abstract A description and critical evaluation of the major work dealing with quality of survival following mastectomy is presented. Each study is discussed in terms of the following epidemiologic criteria: sample selection, interviewing methods, use of control groups, response rates, measurement variables, and length of follow-up. In addition, substantive findings regarding both physical and psychological readjustment after mastectomy are presented as well as a discussion and recommendations for further research in the area of postmastectomy morbidity measurement.
Estimation of total C02 concentration throughout the water column

We use total C02 data sets measured on the recent Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) and World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) cruises to investigate potential parameterizations of TC02 data sets. The observed temporal variations of TC02 in surface seawater were large (4% of the signal within a month) compared to the relatively small spatial variations (< 2% over 10 degree latitude). Yet the result of our study suggests that a single sigmoid function of the form TCO2(x) = a1 − b1[1 + e−(c1(x−d1))]e1 + b1 can be used to fit, parameterize, and interpolate closely (within the accuracy of the measurement) each upper ocean (< 250 m) TCO2-depth profile of the temporal and spatial data sets from the North Atlantic and Equatorial Pacific Oceans that we examined. This sigmoid function is not specific to TCO2 data sets, and it could probably be used over most (if not all) of the upper ocean to fit, parameterize, and interpolate physical and chemical oceanic data sets. Below the upper layer (depth > 250 m) TCO2 can be parameterized by the relationship TCO2 = a + bΘ + c AOU + dS where Θ, AOU, and S represents potential temperature, apparent oxygen utilization and salinity, respectively. The coefficients a, b, c, and d are experimentally determined by multiple linear regression using discrete bottle data from depths below the wintertime mixed layer depth. Densely sampled CTD data of temperature, salinity, and oxygen can then be used to interpolate TCO2 data at non-sampled depths. The two parameterized functions describing TCO2 in and below the upper ocean can further be blended at the wintertime mixed layer depth to yield a continuous estimate of TCO2 concentration throughout the water column.
Hemoglobin switching in the frog, Ranapipiens and Rana catesbeiana: The effect of hemorrhage on transition from adult to tadpole hemoglobin patterns

Abstract 1. 1. Hemoglobin types in amphibians like other vertebrates progress from forms typical of fetal (tadpole) stages through intermediate types (metamorphic) to forms characteristic of adult animals. 2. 2. It has been reported that adult animals of some species typically sheep and goats can be erythropoietically stimulated to produce forms reminiscent of their embryological forms. 3. 3. Isotope labeled tadpole, metamorphic and adult amphibians newly synthesized hemoglobins were studied by polyacrylamide disc electrophoresis. In addition erythropoietically stimulated Rana catesbeiana and Rana pipiens were also studied. 4. 4. The results indicate that like ovine species stimulated amphibians also revert to more primitive forms of hemoglobin characteristic of metamorphosing and tadpole forms.
New extremal self-dual codes of lengths 36, 38, and 58

We construct new extremal self-dual binary codes of lengths 36, 38, and 58. We show that there are at least 14 inequivalent extremal self-dual [38,18,8] codes and that there are at least 368 inequivalent extremal self-dual [38,19,8] codes. For length 58, we construct 11 extremal self-dual [58,29,10] codes whose weight enumerators were previously unknown.
The oxidation state of Ti in hornblende and biotite determined by electron energy-loss spectroscopy, with inferences regarding the Ti substitution

Structural formulae of many Ti-rich hornblendes and biotites exhibit cation deficiencies that increase with Ti content. These deficiencies may be caused by the presence of trivalent instead of tetravalent Ti, of oxygen replacing hydroxyl, or of vacancies on octahedral cation sites. In order to determine the oxidation state of their Ti, electron energy-loss spectra of natural, Ti-rich hornblende and biotites are compared with spectra of natural and synthetic Ti-bearing oxides and silicates. Spectra of Ti2O3 and TiO2 demonstrate that the Ti L 2,3 edge for Ti3+ is shifted by ca. 2 eV to lower energy relative to the edge for Ti4+. Oxidation states of Ti determined by energy-loss spectroscopy for several minerals agree with data from other techniques: tetravalent for Ti-omphacite, perovskite, ilmenite and titanite; trivalent for NaTi3+Si2O6 pyroxene and fassaite from the Allende meteorite. The energy-loss spectra of the hornblende and biotite show that their Ti is tetravalent and cannot be the cause of the cation deficiencies. The relations between Ti contents and the number of deficiencies differ for hornblende and biotite. Hornblende shows a 2:1 relation between Ti content and deficiencies, suggesting Ti is coupled to an oxygen that is replacing hydroxyl (Ti-oxyhornblende substitution). Biotite shows a 1:1 relation, consistent with coupling of Ti to a vacant octahedral cation site (Ti-vacancy substitution) or to a variable combination of such vacancies and two oxygens replacing hydroxyls (Ti-oxybiotite substitution).
Design and operation of a differentially pumped environmental chamber for the HVEM

A differentially pumped environmental chamber, or DIFPEC, has been developed for the AEI EM7 1.2 MV HVEM. The chamber is suitable for imaging and diffraction studies and is capable of operation at pressures approaching one atmosphere. Any mixture of gases can be used including water vapor supplied from an internal reservoir. Correct operation is demonstrated by measurements of temperature, pressure, and water consumption. High resolution (0.2 nm) diffraction patterns were recorded from unfixed, unstained, fully hydrated catalase crystals. This is good functional test of DIFPEC operation and specimen preparation because catalase disorders irreversibly of exposed to less than 95% relative humidity. High- and low-angle diffraction patterns were recorded from unfixed, unstained, fully hydrated rat hemoglobin crystals. All patterns were recorded using 10-4 C/cm2. Whole cell mounts prepared in different ways were imaged and show that 5.3 kPa of nitrogen gas has no detrimental effect on image contrast or resolution. The column vacuum and differentially pumped volume pressure were measured for a number of pumping configuration, as well as for several gases and pressures in the specimen volume. The pressure in the high vacuum portion of the objective lens gap is conductance-limited when the DIFPEC is in place.
An Image Replicating Technique For Minimizing Cross Artifacts In Computer Generated Holograms

Generating a hologram by computer is essentially plotting a Fourier transform. Many of the hologram's properties are manifestations of simple Fourier mathematical relations. Although the relations are simple, finding the proper relation to explain an effect sometimes is not. The origin of this work was actually a question put to me some years ago about Fourier transforms in the context of image processing for scanning electron microscopy. The question: Why does a strong cross structure sometimes appear in an image's Fourier transform when we know that no corresponding structures exist in the object? The answer is well known, but let us delay discussing it until the next section where we explain the question's relevance to the computer generated hologram (CGH).
Efficacy of prophylactic antibiotic therapy in spinal surgery: a meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE There is considerable variation in practice regarding the use of prophylactic antibiotic therapy in spinal operations. To date, individual studies have not demonstrated a significant benefit for prophylactic antibiotic therapy in spinal operations.METHODS Systematic database searches for r
How Does the Freezer Burn Our Food

ABSTRACT: Freezer burn is a common problem that significantly affects the color, texture, and flavor of frozen foods. Food science students should be able to clearly explain the causes and consequences of freezer burn. However, it is difficult to find a modern, detailed, accurate, yet concise, explanation of the mechanism and factors influencing the rate of freezer burn, suitable for classroom use. Thus, the purpose of this article is to provide students and instructors alike with such an explanation, replete with visual explanations, including 2 short animations. The animations, in QuickTime format, are available as supporting information and can be downloaded for free educational use.
Temperature gradients in the flight muscles of Manduca sexta imply a spatial gradient in muscle force and energy output.

There is a significant dorso-ventral temperature gradient in the dominant flight muscles [dorsolongitudinal muscles (DLM1)] of the hawkmoth Manduca sexta during tethered flight. The mean temperature difference was 5.6°C (range=3.8–6.9°C) between the warmer, ventral-most subunits and the cooler, dorsal-most subunits. As force generation in muscle depends on temperature, the mechanical energy output of more dorsal subunits will differ from that of deeper and warmer muscle subunits. To test this hypothesis, we isolated the dorsal subunits and the ventral subunits and recorded both single and 25 Hz (wingbeat frequency) isometric contractions at a range of temperatures. Our data show that the contractile dynamics of the various regions of the DLM1 are similarly affected by temperature, with higher temperatures leading to reduced contraction times. Furthermore, using standard electromyography, we showed that the different regions are activated nearly simultaneously (mean time difference=0.22 ms). These observations suggest that the existence of a temperature gradient will necessarily produce a mechanical energy gradient in the DLM1 in M. sexta.
Assessment of stalk borer (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) population dynamics by using logistic development curves and partial life tables

Development and survival of stalk borer, Papaipema nebris (Guenee), larvae under natural conditions were investigated by intensively sampling noncrop, grassy areas and bordering corn rows. The logistic function was used to derive developmental curves based on centigrade degree-day accumulations. The curves predicted the proportion of larvae in each stadium. Comparison of developmental curves for 1984 and 1985 indicated that other factors, in addition to temperature, played a role in regulating population development. In particular, synchronization between Julian date and phenology of late instars was noted. Partial life tables were constructed to describe stage-specific mortality. Effect of parasitoids on larval populations seemed to be limited, with parasitism rates of all stages <5%. Information on larval survival has suggested the following working hypothesis on stalk borer population dynamics: weather conditions during egg hatch, as well as predation and environmental factors during larval movement to new host plants, are important factors determining stalk borer population numbers in agroecosystems.
ABDOMINAL MASS DUE TO CHRONIC SALPINGITIS IN AN AFRICAN GREY PARROT (PSITTACUS ERITHACUS)

An adult female African Grey Parrot (Psittacus erithacus) was referred with a two year history of intermittent illness and a recently palpated abdominal mass. Hematologic and microbiologic laboratory results on presentation were non-diagnostic. In survey and barium sulfate contrast radiographs there was a large soft tissue mass in the abdominal cavity displacing the proventriculus craniodorsally, and the ventriculus and small intestines cranially. Euthanasia was elected after exploratory laparotomy revealed extensive peritonitis and intestinal adhesions in the coelomic cavity. At necropsy, a 3.5 cm diameter mass was removed from the left oviduct. The histopathologic diagnosis was chronic salpingitis with intraluminal mass, and serositis of many abdominal organs. The oviduct mass consisted of concentric layers of egg yolk and inflammatory cell debris.
Pyelonephritis, renal scarring, and reflux nephropathy: a pediatric urologist’s perspective

Imaging of children with a clinical diagnosis of pyelonephritis is performed to characterize the extent of the infection, to identify associated renal injury and to uncover risk factors for future infections and renal damage. Although there is general agreement regarding the need for parenchymal imaging and the need to exclude processes that are either functionally or anatomically obstructive, there is controversy regarding the need for routine cystography, especially when parenchymal involvement has not been documented. A protocol that limits the use of cystography for evaluation of urinary tract infections must assume that the diagnosis of reflux is at least of variable clinical significance. It is now clear that vesicoureteral reflux and reflux nephropathy represent a diverse population that includes both congenital and acquired processes. MR imaging will improve our understanding of vesicoureteral reflux, pyelonephritis and renal scarring and might help us to identify and manage those patients most at risk for recurrent infections and renal injury. To recognize the potential contributions of this newer imaging technique it is helpful to look at our understanding of the pathophysiology of pyelonephritis, reflux and reflux nephropathy.
SU-GG-T-74: Comparative Analysis of 3D-CRT Vs. IMRT Techniques in the Treatment of Carcinoma of Prostate

Purpose: To evaluate whether some of the conventional 3D‐CRT plans are comparable to IMRT techniques in the treatment of prostate cancer.Method and Materials: We randomly selected 5 patients who were treated with clinical IMRT plans prescribed to 78Gy in 39 fractions. We generated 4, 5, 6, and 7 beam 3D‐CRT plans for each patient, and compared them to the IMRT plan after dose re‐scaling to match the IMRT's dose to 95% of the PTV volume. Results: The average dose to the prostate, bladder, rectum, and hips were relatively independent of the plan. Generally, the 3D‐CRT plans were all favorable over the IMRT in regards to bladder sparing. In terms of rectal sparing, a modified 4‐field (4‐field B) plan was competitive to IMRT. The integral dose and low‐dose volumes were lowest for the 4‐field B and IMRT techniques — ultimately favoring 4‐field B. The average hip doses among the various techniques were insignificantly different and all were below the value for potential bone necrosis reported by Emami et al. 1 Conclusion: Overall, the technique labeled 4‐field B is comparable, and in certain aspects better than the IMRT technique.
Blinking statistics in single semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dots

Statistical studies of fluorescence intermittency in single CdSe nanocrystal quantum dots (QD's) reveal a temperature-independent power-law distribution in the histogram of on and off times---the time periods before the QD turns from emitting to nonemitting (bright to dark) and vice versa. Every QD shows a similar power-law behavior for the off-time distribution regardless of temperature, excitation intensity, surface morphology or size. We propose a dynamic model of tunneling between core and trapped charged states to explain the universal power-law statistics of the blinking events observed. The on-time probability distributions show evidence of both a tunneling mechanism similar to the off-time statistics and a secondary, photoinduced process that leads to a truncation of the power law. The same blinking statistics are also observed for single CdTe nanocrystal QD's.
The in vitro differentiation of pleomorphic Trypanosoma brucei from bloodstream into procyclic form requires neither intermediary nor short-stumpy stage.

Abstract Our studies on the in vitro differentiation of a pleomorphic Trypanosoma brucei strain TREU667 indicate that the parasite differentiates directly from long-slender into procyclic form when incubated in Cunningham's medium at 26°C. The intermediary and the short-stumpy bloodstream forms harvested from infected mice can also differentiate directly into procyclic form in vitro with time courses similar to that for the long-slender form. Thus, none of the three bloodstream forms appear to be significantly better preadapted for differentiation. Tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates cis-aconitate and l -citrate can shorten the initial lag phase of the differentiation, but an essential trigger appears to be the temperature shift from 37°C to 26°C, when other TCA cycle intermediates such as l -proline, l -malate, α-ketoglutarate, fumarate and succinate are present in Cunningham's medium. The ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity in T. brucei showed a gradual increase and the ODC mRNA level remained constant during the differentiation. dl -α-Difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), putrescine, dibutyryl cAMP and theophylline all exerted no discernible effect on the in vitro process, which suggests that neither cAMP increase nor polyamine depletion could be counted among the triggers of T. brucei differentiation. A monomorphic T. brucei strain EATRO110 was tested in the same medium at 26°C but was unable to differentiate.
Cooperative transaction hierarchies: transaction support for design applications

Traditional atomic and nested transactions are not always well-suited to cooperative applications, such as design applications. Cooperative applications place requirements on the database that may conflict with the serializability requirement. They require transactions to be long, possibly nested, and able to interact with each other in a structured way. We define a transaction framework, called a cooperative transaction hierarchy, that allows us to relax the requirement for atomic, serializable transactions to better support cooperative applications. In cooperative transaction hierarchies, we allow the correctness specification for groups of designers to be tailored to the needs of the application. We use patterns and conflicts to specify the constraints imposed on a group's history for it to be correct. We also provide some primitives to smooth the operation of the members. We characterize deadlocks in a cooperative transaction hierarchy, and provide mechanisms for deadlock detection and resolution. We examine issues associated with failure and recovery.
Reflecting on Graduation

“By the power conferred on me as President of the University of ..., I hereby confer on you the degree of .......” Do you remember those solemn words on that day when you walked across the stage or outdoor lawn as an undergraduate student? As I prepare this editorial, the most exciting day of the academic year is underway: it’s graduation throughout North America. On our campus, students young and old are sporting regalia of red and black, the colors of the University of Georgia. The University was chartered by the Georgia General Assembly on January 27, 1785; and as the nation’s oldest public university, we excel in tradition and celebration, having practiced for over 225 years! We have grown over time, and it is impossible to know even a small percentage of the students on an individual level. In FY11, we conferred over 6,800 undergraduate, 1,800 master’s, and almost 900 professional and doctoral degrees, for a grand total of just over 9,600 Today’s spring commencement will claim the bulk of degrees granted this year. As the state’s land-grant university, we offer a wide range of programs and degrees through 16 colleges and schools. The oldest and largest, the Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, dating from the year 1801, hosts 30 departments and claims the five most popular degrees: biology, psychology, English, art, and history. Franklin offers a total of 76 graduate degrees and certificates. The Terry College of Business, founded in 1912, ranks second in degrees granted, followed by the College of Education, founded in 1908, both at over 1,500. The smallest college in number of degrees is UGA’s newest school, the School of Ecology, which was founded in 2007 and confers about 50 degrees annually. Yes, UGA claims the only independent School of Ecology in the U.S. (maybe the world), the Eugene Odum School of Ecology, named for the longtime, distinguished UGA faculty member and father of ecology. The graduate commencement ceremony is held midmorning inside the basketball arena, Stegeman Coliseum. The much larger undergraduate ceremony with thousands of degree recipients and friends and family in tow is held at the UGA football shrine (oops, field), Sanford Stadium. The banners of the colleges (Veterinary Medicine, Environment and Design, Law, Pharmacy, Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Family and Consumer Innov High Educ (2012) 37:255–256 DOI 10.1007/s10755-012-9224-1
The Committee on Problems of Drug Dependence: A legacy of the National Academy of Sciences. A historical account

The history of The Committee on Problems of Drug Dependence is traced from its beginning (1929) as The Committee on Drug Addiction to 1989, its sixtieth anniversary. A brief account of the etiology of The Committee from The Bureau of Social Hygiene, established in New York City by John D. Rockefeller, Jr. in 1913 is also given.
Conservation properties for plane deformations of anisotropic linearly elastic curved strips

Plane deformations of a curved strip, composed of an homogeneous cylindrically anisotropic linearly elastic material, are considered. The strip is in equilibrium under the action of end loads, with the lateral sides traction-free. Two conservation properties for certain cross-sectional stress measures are established, generalizing previously known results for the case of a rectangular strip. Such conservation properties are useful in assessing the influence of material anisotropy on Saint-Venant's principle, as well as in establishing convexity properties for cross-sectional stress measures. In particular, it is anticipated that the results should be useful in determining the extent of edge effects in the testing of anisotropic and composite curved strips.
Cryptic determinants and promiscuous sequences on human acetylcholine receptor: HLA-dependent dichotomy in T-cell function.

Abstract Experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis can be induced in some strains of mice and rats by immunizing with acetylcholine receptor. Also, epidemiologic studies demonstrate an MHC linkage of myasthenia gravis in the man. In order to obtain direct experimental evidence for the influence of the genes of the MHC complex in the development of myasthenia gravis, we used mice transgenic to individual HLA molecules. We observed an increased susceptibility to the disease in HLA DQ8 transgenic mice compared to HLA DQ6 transgenic mice ( J. Immunol. 160:4169; 1998). These mice lacked endogenous mouse class II molecules. In the present study we mapped the cryptic and dominant sequences on the extra cellular region of human acetylcholine receptor. Although some epitopes ( e.g. , α11-30, α141-160, α171-190) were common between DQ8 and DQ6 transgenic mice, several others were disparately recognized. We also found a functional dichotomy in T cells from mice differing by one MHC molecule (HLA DQ8 or DQ6) when primed by sequences immunodominant in DQ8 and DQ6 tg mice. Differential disease manifestation in the two different HLA transgenic mice could be explained not only by differential recognition of peptides by these antigen presenting molecules, but also by the difference in the functional profile of T cells generated when primed by promiscuous sequence regions.
Asset Ownership and Egalitarian Decision Making in Dual-headed Households in Ecuador:

Most studies of household decision making focus on the factors associated with women’s ability to make decisions autonomously. This paper is concerned with egalitarian decision making, defined as w...
Change in cervical length after prophylactic cerclage.

Objective: To determine changes in length of incompetent cervices after cerclage, using transvaginal ultrasound. Methods: Patients were enrolled in a prospective, observational study under an Institutional Review Board–approved protocol. McDonald or Shirodkar sutures were placed according to physician preference. Pre- and postcerclage cervical lengths were measured within 72 hours of the procedure. At each examination, the first measurement was discarded, and a mean of the subsequent three measurements was calculated. Results: Twenty-one Shirodkar and ten McDonald operations were done. The mean (± standard deviation) precerclage cervical length was 2.7 ± 0.9 cm and the postcerclage cervical length was 3.6 ± 0.9 cm (P < .001, paired t test). Conclusion: Prophylactic cerclage results in measurable increases in cervical length, which might contribute to the success of the procedure. Further study is needed to determine whether the degree of cervical lengthening after cerclage predicts term delivery.
Variation in expression of S3 antigen in human sarcoma cell lines: Influence of passages and medium on generation of S3

An antigen S3, common to human sarcomas, has been detected by complement-fixation methods in sarcoma cell cultures (JNCI 57:489, 1976). Initial observations suggested that S3 was present only during passages 1–3 and uniformly absent in older cell lines. This study was undertaken to determine the constancy of expression of S3 in repeated passages in S3-bearing cell lines. In addition, the influence of trypsinization and feeding on S3 production were studied. Cell cultures prepared from 2 fibrosarcomas and chondrosarcoma were studied indetail in this regard. At each passage a sample was taken for cytological examination and another to determine whether S3 was present. Expression of S3 antigen was found to be extremely variable and no change in the distribution of cell types, morphologically identified, was noted, regardless of culture conditions and passage. The study confirms that S3 antigen is most consistently expressed in early passages of human sarcoma cell lines and that this antigen may reappear in passages even if absent for as long as 4 serial passages. The variability of antigen production cannot be attributed to details of the trypsinization procedures used, the presence or absence of cell products in the medium used, or to the selection of specific cell types in the culture with the passage of time.
Fragrance material review on linalyl formate

A toxicologic and dermatologic review of linalyl formate when used a a fragrance ingredient is presented.
Response of general practitioners to a national dental office evaluation program

After receiving the following document on the Development of Evaluation Methods and Computer Applications in Dentistry (DEMCAD) project, supported by the W. K. Kellogg Foundation, the Office of Quality Assurance decided to transmit the informational report to the entire profession. The report discusses the process used to obtain volunteers to test the feasibility of DEMCAD and reports on the initial participation response of general practitioners. Two members of the ADA Board of Trustees and the Director of the Office of Quality Assurance are the Association’s liaison for the project.
On the Distribution of -kolwiek 'ever' in Polish Free Relatives

This paper analyzes the distribution of the particle - kolwiek 'ever' in Polish free relatives. The empirical observation it builds on concerns the obligatory presence of - kolwiek in complex free relatives. I argue against accounts that reduce this requirement to purely semantic considerations and propose a syntactic account instead. This account rests on independently motivated claims about the structure of Polish noun phrases and the positive setting of the DP Parameter for Polish. The crucial innovation lies in the structure proposed for wh -phrases in free relatives; I argue that such wh -phrases have a more complex internal structure than wh -phrases in questions, in that they require the topmost head inside the nominal projection, the Q head, to be filled by an overt element in order to support the maximality operator associated with the interpretation of free relatives.
Impact of valvular thickness on stroke recurrence in medically treated patients with stroke.

Background: It remains controversial whether left-sided valvular thickening (VaT) is a risk factor for ischemic stroke. Little is known about the relationship between VaT and the re
A brief history of Gamuts in radiology.

b hile extending his very kind invitation to write the foregoing rticle for this 25th anniversary issue of Seminars in Ultrasound, T and MRI, the editor, Dr. Howard Raymond, asked if I would rovide a short description of the origins of the Gamut concept, ook, and CD-ROM as a historical record of this important spect of modern Diagnostic Radiology. Especially since Dr. aymond was a former resident in Dr. Felson’s program in Cininnati and thus knows firsthand what a remarkable radiologist nd lovable human Ben was, I am delighted to submit the folowing historical perspective. After spending the previous seven hot and humid sumers driving a Coca-Cola truck throughout Baltimore to help ay for College and Medical School and provide for a develping family of a wife and two sons, I decided to avoid the anks of poverty known to half of my classmates by enlisting n the U.S. Army Medical Corps Senior Student Program in une 1957. By doing so I could take an externship at Walter eed Army Medical Center, commuting weekly from altimore to Washington, DC, and learn more about my inended field of Internal Medicine. Alas, on my arrival at alter Reed, I found that the Medicine clerkships were aleady filled and I was exiled to the Radiology Department, a appenstance that completely changed my life. On my second day of observing Radiology residents in action, was approached by a senior resident who invited me to join im for the afternoon at Colonel Thompson’s Registry of Radioogic Pathology at the adjacent AFIP (Armed Forces Institute of athology). After one session with the Colonel, I never left his ide that summer and did not return to Walter Reed until 2 years ater when I began my Radiology residency there. Throughout y career I have been blessed by close association with many of he Giants in our specialty, the first being the remarkable Coloel William LeRoy Thompson (Fig. 1), who was the originator f the Gamuts concept and whose packet of 25 gamuts bound in small green booklet was sold for the grand sum of $1.00 by the FIP. After spending the entire summer with the Colonel, I robably knew more about pattern recognition and differential iagnosis than most certified radiologists, since there were only handful of military and civilian residents and an occasional ellow who sat with him for four hours each afternoon analyzing
Increased thallium lung uptake after exercise in isolated left anterior descending coronary artery disease

Increased thallium lung uptake during exercise correlates with an exercise-induced elevation in left ventricular filling pressure. This finding was analyzed in 48 patients with 1-vessel left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery disease (CAD) before and after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Patients were separated into 2 groups: 13 (27%) patients with increased (group 1) and 35 patients with normal thallium lung uptake (group 2). Compared with group 2, group 1 patients had more severe LAD luminal diameter narrowing (90 +/- 6% vs 81 +/- 11% [mean +/- standard deviation], p less than 0.003); slower clearance of thallium from the LAD territory segments (half-life 13.5 +/- 8.0 vs 6.5 +/- 5.0 hours, p less than 0.007); and more abnormal thallium segments per patient by quantitative criteria (p less than 0.02). After angioplasty, thallium lung uptake became normal in 12 of 13 patients in whom it was previously elevated. Increased thallium lung uptake after exercise occurs in 1-vessel LAD disease, and is related to the severity of ischemia by thallium scan and the severity of stenosis by angiography. Therefore, increased thallium lung uptake identifies a subset of patients with 1-vessel CAD with a greater amount of myocardium at risk.
An f-test for multivariate repeated measures data with the wiener stochastic process pattern in the covariance matrix

In the analysis of repeated measures experiments certain patterns may arise in the structure of the covariance matrix.We can take advantage of these patterns when testing the equality of means hypothesis in that the patterned covariance matrix can be reduced to diagonal form.In estimating the parameters of the diagonal matrix, we get more degrees of freedom for our estimates because we have fewer parameters to estimate.This increase in degrees of freedom leads to a more powerful test of the equality of means hypothesis.One such pattern that is reducible to diagonal form is the Wiener Stochastic Process pattern.Assuming this pattern is present in the structure of the covariance matrix, maximum likelihood estimates of the mean and covariance matrices will be derived.Using these estimates, we derive an exact F-test of the equality of means hypothesis.
A descriptive analysis of environmental disclosures: A study of the US Chemical Industry

An empirical study was conducted to examine the nature of environmental disclosures of 29 firms in the chemical industry. From the examination of over 3700 disclosures, the results show that the type of disclosures presented across firms and across industries varied based on a number of factors. The disclosures were analyzed based on medium, focus, channel of communication, time span, subject and environmental regulation. The results showed that the majority of the disclosures were found in the press, presented current environmental issues, were non-technical in nature, were qualitative in nature and dealt with pollution and environmental expenditure issues. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Minimally Invasive Total Knee Replacement Surgery with a Lateral Approach

Minimally invasive total knee arthroplasty surgery (MIS TKA) combines established knowledge gained from the long-term success of conventional TKA with the benefits of a less invasive surgical approach. Because MIS TKA is built on the foundations and principles of conventional TKA, most surgeons are more familiar with the medial approach used in most knee replacement surgery. Experience in conventional TKA and in the medial approach is needed before the lateral approach is adopted. While many aspects of the lateral and medial approaches are similar, or even identical, the lateral approach offers the advantage of completely sparing the quadriceps, in particular the vastus medialis obliquus, as well as branches of the saphenous nerve and the genicular artery.
Loss of cell viability by histidine substitution of leucine 325 of the glutamate transporter EAAT1.

Although glutamate transporters and neutral amino acid transporters have 55% amino acid identity in the transmembrane domains, many residues are still unique to individual transporters, providing for structural stability or substrate binding. In this study, the mutant protein L325H, which replaced a leucine 325 of the glutamate transporter EAAT1 by a histidine, was evaluated. When expressed in Xenopus oocytes, L325H caused oocytes to weaken pigmentation in the animal pole, accompanied by patches of colorless spots. Oocytes finally oozed cytoplasm. The resting membrane potential in L325H oocytes was -18.9 +/- 2.5 mV, significantly more positive than -37.3 +/- 2.5 mV of oocytes expressing EAAT1. The holding current at -60 mV was 283.1 +/- 48.3 nA in L325H oocytes and 92.2 +/- 12.6 nA in EAAT1 oocytes. These results suggest that even though glutamate and neutral amino acid transporters have strong overall homology, the local structure in the transmembrane domains may be different.
Molecular pathways to prostate cancer

ABSTRACTPurpose: Prostate cancer continues to be a prevalent disease in the United States and western countries. Advances in the fields of molecular biology and genetics coupled with new developments in biotechnology have increased our understanding of events associated with the initiation and progression of prostate cancer. We reviewed recent scientific discoveries relating to genetic predisposition, somatic alterations and epigenetic phenomena involved in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer.Materials and Methods: Reports published in the scientific literature with relevance to the molecular biology, genetics and epigenetics of prostate cancer were identified using the MEDLINE data base. Particular emphasis was placed on articles that investigated the contribution of somatic alterations to prostate cancer.Results: A multitude of genes have recently been identified that are believed to be relevant to prostate carcinogenesis. A contemporary model for prostate cancer progression should include the potential...
A remark on K0 of crystallographic groups

Abstract F. Quinn recently proved a conjecture of Farrell and Hsiang giving a calculation of the projective class group of the rational group ring of a crystallographic group. This paper contains a counterexample to a naive extension of this conjecture for the integral group ring.
Evaluation of ultrasound techniques for brain injury detection

In this work, we examine the physics underlying wave propagation in the head to evaluate various ultrasonic transducers for use in a brian injury detection device. The results of measurements of the attenuation coefficient and phase velocity for ultrasonic propagation in samples of brain tissue and skull bone from sheep are presented. The material properties are then used to investigate the propagation of ultrasonic pressure fields in the head. The ultrasound fields for three different transducers are calculated for propagation in a simulated brain/skull model. The model is constructed using speed-of-sound and mass density values of the two tissue types. The impact of the attenuation on the ultrasound fields is then examined. Finally, the relevant points drawn from these discussions are summarized. We hope to minimize the confounding effects of the skull by using sub-MHz ultrasound while maintaining the necessary temporal and spatial resolution to successfully detect injury in the brain.© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Magnetron sputter deposition of WC–Ag and TiC–Ag coatings and their frictional properties in vacuum environments

Abstract Thin films of WC–Ag and TiC–Ag were deposited by magnetron sputtering for the purpose of analyzing their tribological properties in vacuum. X-ray diffraction was used to determine structural properties, and energy dispersive X-ray analysis was used to determine the relative atomic content of silver in the films. Pin on disk friction tests were performed to obtain the coefficient of friction in vacuum. The deposited films showed a structure containing separate carbide/silver phases, as was desired for providing both high wear resistance and low friction. The tribological test results show a significant decrease in the friction coefficient for both TiC–Ag and WC–Ag, to a minimum value of 0.2, with increasing silver content.
Anomaly detection using topology

In this paper we present a new topology-based algorithm for anomaly detection in dimensionally large datasets. The motivating application is hyperspectral imaging where the dataset can be a collection of ~ 106 points in Rk, representing the reflected (or radiometric) spectra of electromagnetic radiation. The algorithm begins by building a graph whose edges connect close pairs of points. The background points are the points in the largest components of this graph and all other points are designated as anomalies. The anomalies are ranked according to their distance to the background. The algorithm is termed Topological Anomaly Detection (TAD). The algorithm is tested on hyperspectral imagery collected with the HYDICE sensor which contains targets of known reflectance and spatial location. Anomaly maps are created and compared to results from the common anomaly detection algorithm RX. We show that the TAD algorithm performs better than RX by achieving greater separation of the anomalies from the background for this dataset.
The genetic approach to developmental neurobiology

Abstract Can mutants tell us anything about the mechanisms underlying the development of the normal nervous system, or is this approach too simplistic to yield anything of real value? Here Gunther Stent expresses his point of view.
Compliance in the administration of prescribed analgesics to critically ill dogs and cats.

There is a wide discrepancy between the prescription and administration of analgesics, to critically ill people. The purpose of this study was to investigate the administration of prescribed analgesics to critically ill dogs and cats. The treatment orders for patients in the Tufts University Foster Small Animal Hospital intensive care unit (ICU) over a 2-month period were reviewed daily and the ordered and administered analgesics recorded. 351 patients were hospitalized in the ICU over the study period, for durations between 1–15 days. On average, 39% of the patients were prescribed analgesics, the most common being hydromorphone. A greater percentage of dogs were prescribed analgesics (46%) compared to cats (25%). This difference was not statistically significant after adjusting for primary complaint however following trauma, cats tend to be prescribed analgesics less frequently (67%) than dogs (89%) (p = 0.251). 64% of the patients received their analgesics exactly as ordered. The most frequent variation from patient orders was withholding an analgesic dose. Other variations included prolonged dosing interval, doses administered early, and changes in the drug dose administered. Doses were decreased or given late more frequently (34 patients) than they were increased or given early (20 patients). When analgesics were administered early, reasons cited included obvious patient pain and agitation. Fewer cats (5%) received early or additional analgesics compared to dogs (15%). Reasons listed for late or missed doses included excessive sedation and hypotension. The incidence of late or missed analgesics did not correlate with higher patient number in the ICU. Approximately half (46%) of the changes made to dosing regimens had no reason recorded. Critically ill dogs and cats frequently receive analgesic doses differing from those ordered, in many cases because of observers’ perceptions of drug side effects. Within the ICU, cats may be treated differently to dogs with respect to analgesic administration.
Detection of bacteria in placental tissues obtained from extremely low gestational age neonates.

Objective The objective of the study was to quantify and identify aerobic and anaerobic bacteria as well as Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma in the chorionic parenchyma. Study Design A sample of the chorionic parenchyma from neonates delivered between 23-27 completed weeks was cultured and tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods using universal bacterial primers for the presence of bacteria and mycoplasmas. Results The culture positive rate was higher for vaginal deliveries (333/489; 68%) than for cesarean sections (363/876; 41%). Thirty percent of all culture-positive samples had only aerobic bacteria, 21% of the samples had only anaerobic bacteria, and 9% of the samples had only Mycoplasma/Ureaplasma. The mean concentration of Mycoplasma/Ureaplasma (4.00 ± 1.11 log 10 CFU/g) was significantly higher ( P 10 CFU/g) or anaerobes (2.89 ± 0.99 log 10 CFU/g). Staphylococcus sp. and Corynebacterium sp. as well as organisms associated with bacterial vaginosis were the most frequently recovered. A PCR product was not detected from either randomly selected or known culture-positive samples. Conclusion Approximately half of second-trimester placentas harbor organisms within the chorionic plate. The chorion parenchyma appears to harbor constituents that prevent the identification of bacterial deoxyribonucleic acid by PCR methods.
Myopathy and paraproteinemia with serum IgM binding to a high-molecular-weight muscle fiber surface protein.

We evaluated a 69-year-old man with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (IgM-kappa M-protein) and progressive weakness over 2 to 3 years. The neurological examination showed symmetrical, predominantly proximal weakness. Electrophysiological testing revealed small brief motor unit potentials with fibrillations and positive sharp waves consistent with an irritative myopathy. The muscle biopsy specimen showed myopathic changes including variation in fiber size and increased connective tissue but no inflammation. IgM-kappa but not IgM-lambda was deposited along the surface of muscle fiber membranes. Serum IgM-kappa but not IgM-lambda from the patient stained the surface of normal human muscle fibers but not other regions of muscle fibers or other tissues. The serum IgM-kappa at dilutions up to 1:512,000 bound to a high-molecular-weight muscle protein by Western and dot blot studies. By enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot analysis, serum IgM-kappa bound specifically to the muscle protein and not to other muscle or neural antigens, including GM1 ganglioside, myelin-associated glycoprotein, and sulfatide. We conclude that the myopathy in our patient is probably related to the presence of serum IgM-kappa antibodies directed against a muscle surface antigen. Characterization of the target antigen, a high-molecular-weight protein located specifically in muscle, should further elucidate the pathogenesis of this presumably humorally mediated immune myopathy.
Recombinant and Plasma-Purified Human C1 Inhibitor for the Treatment of Hereditary Angioedema

Background Agents for prophylaxis of hereditary angioedema (HAE) have been available in the United States for several decades, but their usefulness is limited by side effects and they cannot be used at all in some patients. No agents have been available in the United States to specifically treat acute attacks. HAE types I and II are associated with low functional levels of C1 inhibitor, and evidence accumulated over decades suggests that intravenous infusion of C1 inhibitor is useful for terminating angioedema attacks and for prophylaxis.