cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Laparoscopy for the treatment of ovarian remnant syndrome in four dogs and two cats.

Objective: To describe the clinical workup and laparoscopic treatment of ovarian remnant syndrome in dogs and cats. Material and methods: After confirming the diagnosis with some or all of the following tests – vaginoscopy with cytology, hormonal tests, and ultrasound – laparoscopic removal of the ovarian remnants was performed. A three-portal technique was used in the four dogs and a two-portal technique in the two cats. Results: All patients recovered well and were discharged the same day. No post-operative complications occurred in any patient. Conclusion and clinical relevance: Overall, in the hands of an experienced laparoscopic surgeon, laparoscopic removal of ovarian remnants appears to be a safe procedure in dogs and cats. In addition, laparoscopy offers the advantages of excellent visualization and a reduced morbidity for the patient. Careful case selection and complete pre-operative workup to rule out co-morbidities or underlying neoplasia are important. As with any laparoscopy the surgeon should always be prepared to convert to an open laparotomy if necessary.
Laboratory Data Analysis System: Section I—Introduction and Overview

A system for the analysis of laboratory data is proposed. An overview flowchart summarizes the logic and contents of the analytic process which is centered around the use of the digital computer. Four types of interpretive steps are outlined anci briefly discussed. This paper is to be used as an introduction and index for further publications regarding this subject.
Genetic Algorithm and Its Application in Content-based Image Retrieval

Statistical features are selected by genetic algorithm, which are applied in content-based brain CT image retrieval. The experiment results show that this method can efficiently select features and improve the retrieval accuracy.
A qualitative study of transport subsidy project on enabling poor TB patients to complete the treatment course

Objective: To evaluate the transportation subsidy project on enabling poor TB patients to complete the treatment course and to find out its influencing factors.Methods: In the project-covered Fujian province and Chongqing city,40 individual in-depth interviews were conducted among TB patients receiving or not receiving transport subsidies and project managers;and 4 focus group discussion were carried out with TB doctors and town-level anti-TB staff.Results: The transport subsidy was perceived by both TB patients and health providers as very useful for enabling poor patients to visit county TB Dispensary during treatment materially and mentally,but a lack of practical tool to identify poor patients resulted in that some poor TB patients were not benefited;In addition,the limited project funds,to some extent,constrained the subsidy amount and coverage of the project,and then confined the advertising and advancing of the project.Conclusion: Transport cost is still one of the major factors that influenced poor TB patients to complete treatment,In order to enable all poor TB patients to complete the treatment,it is necessary to develop a practical tool for identifying poor patients,and set-up a distant-based subsidy rank.For patients living in the relatively poor central and west areas of China,providing transport subsidy to all rural TB patients should be considered.
Investigation on Leisure-time Physical Activity and its Socio-economic Factors among Urban residents of Nanjing City

[Objective]To investigate the epidemiological distribution of physical activity of urban adults at leisure-time in Nanjing City.[Methods]The residents aged≥30 years from 6 urban communities of 2 districts were selected in Nanjing City from July to September 2007 for survey with International Physical Activity Questionnaire(IPAQ).Logistic regression models were applied to examine the association between socioeconomic factors and moderate physical activity.[Results]Totally,3 376 residents completed the follow-up survey in this study with a response rate of 91.6%.The rate of leisure-time moderate physical activity was 10.3% among participants,while the average time spent on moderate physical activity was(47.6±33.7) minutes per day for those engaging in moderate physical activity,in which 8.3% achieved the recommended standards for sufficient physical activity.Gender and age had significant influence on the participation in moderate physical activity.Female and the elders were less likely to participate in leisure-time moderate physical activity relative to male and youngers.[Conclusion]Gender and age-specific physical activity promotion programs are expected to initiate to enhance the level of leisure-time moderate physical activity among urban adults in Nanjing City.
Synthetic Energy Balance Strategy of Boiler-turbine Unit Coordination Control System

To the problem that the controlled object of a power unit with MIMO and complex property,and the dynamic property for the boiler has a great difference with it for the turbine,a synthetic energy balance strategy of combining the conventional control method with fuzzy inference is applied to the coordination control system of a power unit,the energy balance problem is solved,and the load adaptive capability and the stability of the power unit are improved.Simulation and real running results show that the control system has better performance than the conventional control plan.
Detection of early renal injury and injury degree in Henoch Schonlein purpura

Objective To explore the clinical significance of sex, age, humoral immunity, cellular immunity, microalbuminuria, 24 hour urine protein as an early indicator in predicting children with Henoch Schonlein purpura(HSP) wether or no with renal injury and the injury degree. Methods 200 cases with HSP in our hospital from 2010 to 2013 year were collected, then be divided into different groups according to whether with renal injury, and kidney injury degree, and renal biopsy TEM results, and renal biopsy immunofluorescence results.According to the need, using rank sum test, independent samples t test, Logistic regression analysis, variance analysis etc. methods to find out whether there is statistical significance between the groups, and find out the closely related factors to the kidney injury. Results There was no statistical significance in age, gender, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19, C3, C4, IgA of blood, urine creatinine between HSP group and HSPN group(P0.05), but had statistical significance in IgG and IgM of blood, urinary albumin, urinary immunoglobulin G, urinaryα1- microglobulin, urinary β2-microglobulin, urinary siderophilin, urinary N acetyl glucosaminidase(P0.05); Sex, age, humoral immunity, cellular immunity in HSPN of different pathological grading had no statistical difference(P 0.05), urinary albumin, urinaryα1- microglobulin, urinary β2-microglobulin, urinary immunoglobulin G, 24 hour urine protein had statistical difference(P0.05); 24 hour urinary protein quantitative was positively related with renal pathological grading(r=0, P0.05); There was no significant correlation between immunofluorescence intensity of renal biopsy and immune globulin level of peripheral blood, the fluorescence intensity was not completely parallel with pathological results. Conclusions Child of HSP whether with renal injury has no relativity with cellular immunity. It is easy to complicated with HSP nephritis if IgG of blood decreased, IgM of blood, urinary albumin, urinary immunoglobulin G, urinary α1-microglobulin, urinary β2-microglobulin, urinary siderophilin, urinary N acetyl glucosaminidase increased; IgG of blood, 24 hours urine protein is the relatively sensitive factors of HSPN, if the IgG of blood obviously decreased and the 24 hours urine protein obviously increased, it is easy to complicate with renal injury.The level of immunoglobulin of peripheral blood is not completely consistent with the degree of renal injury.
Helper virus-mediated downregulation of transgene expression permits production of recalcitrant helper-dependent adenoviral vector

Helper-dependent adenoviral vectors (HDAd) that express certain transgene products are impossible to produce because the transgene product is toxic to the producer cells, especially when made in large amounts during vector production. Downregulating transgene expression from the HDAd during vector production is a way to solve this problem. In this report, we show that this can be accomplished by inserting the target sequence for the adenoviral VA RNAI into the 3' untranslated region of the expression cassette in the HDAd. Thus during vector production, when the producer cells are coinfected with both the helper virus (HV) and the HDAd, the VA RNAI produced by the HV will target the transgene mRNA from the HDAd via the endogenous cellular RNAi pathway. Once the HDAd is produced and purified, transduction of the target cells results in unimpeded transgene expression because of the absence of HV. This simple and universal strategy permits for the robust production of otherwise recalcitrant HDAds.
Homozygous cystinuria--evaluation of 35 patients.

AbstractWe discuss the characteristics of 35 patients with cystinuria, which is a medically treatable disease. A successful stone dissolution rate of 55 per cent was observed. Most treatment failures were related to urinary tract infection, poor patient compliance or the presence of associated nondissolvable stones. Surgical intervention usually was required in these patients.
Red cell transfusion therapy in chronic anemia

This article discusses anemia, the evaluation of symptoms, and the compensatory mechanisms that are brought into play by chronic anemia. The oxygen dissociation curve is described as is the effect of 2,3-DPG on hemoglobin-oxygen binding. Human tolerance to anemia is discussed and the article concludes with proposed transfusion strategies in chronic anemia.
Do Not Remember the Former Things

There are times when God says “Remember,” and times where God says “Do not remember.” Discerning the times is a constant requirement in mission studies and practice. The times are changing, and so ...
THE SENTENTIAL LOGIC

This chapter discusses the most elementary branch of mathematical logic, that is, the sentential logic or the propositional calculus. This branch of logic has to do with the logical properties of the various forms of sentential composition, by means of which sentences are joined together to result in compound sentences. The chapter presents the problem of distinguishing among sentences, particularly those sentences that are true by virtue of the logical properties of the sentential connectives, namely, the class of tautologies. These are the sentences that are true by virtue of the meanings of the sentential connectives themselves. These sentences form the most fundamental class of logical truths. The approach to the sentential logic and to the various more advanced parts of logic will be in part syntactical and in part semantical. Within syntax, only various typographical or structural features of the expressions are attended. No meaning or interpretation is presupposed, and symbols and expressions in general are regarded as uninterrupted. Within semantics, symbols and expressions are interpreted, and certain expressions are said to be true and others false, once given certain interpretations of those expressions.
Data, Data Science and the Research University

This paper explores some of the challenges related to developing a &#x0022;data science&#x0022; approach in the research university setting. Despite these hurdles, with improved data governance and availability, a team with the right skills and outlook, and the support of senior leadership, the transition from a more traditional institutional research function to one representing a data science perspective is not only possible, but natural. The work of Harvard University's Office of Institutional Research on issues related to research output is offered as an example.
Some Measure Theoretic Issues in Probabilistic Dynamics

Probabilistic dynamics (or continuous event tree approach) is a methodology used for the probabilistic risk assessment of systems where statistical dependence between failure events may arise because of indirect coupling through the controlled/monitored physical process and/or direct coupling through software/hardware/human intervention. Both the continuous and discrete time/space forms of the probabilistic dynamics frameworks assume that the set of possible trajectories describing the evolution of the system as a function of time in its state-space consists of measurable (and hence compact) subsets. Using a reduced-order boiling water reactor model, it is shown that this assumption may not be valid for systems of practical interest to nuclear engineering. The consequences of violating the measurability assumption on the probabilistic model accuracy are illustrated for the discrete time/state-space approach. Some guidelines for the choice of time/state discretization are also proposed.
Depolymerization of Lignin via Co-pyrolysis with 1,4-Butanediol in a Microwave Reactor

The production of valuable compounds from low cost but abundant residual lignin has proven to be challenging. The lack of effective biochemical lignin depolymerization processes has led many to focus on thermochemical conversion methods. Bench scale microwave pyrolysis of lignin has been performed at 1200 W over the course of 15 min in the presence of a microwave absorber (activated charcoal). The liquid products obtained are composed of smaller polymeric components and moderate yields of monomeric phenols. However, upon the addition of 1,4-butanediol, repolymerization reactions that limit the yield of monomeric and other reduced molecular weight products are inhibited. A great reduction in the average molecular weight (∼85–90% decrease) of the liquid products was observed as well as an overall increase in liquid yield. At the optimized ratio of 2:1 lignin to 1,4-butanediol (w/w), the yield of selected monomeric phenols increased 3-fold to ∼3.4 wt % (based on feedstock), while the yield of monoaromatic hy...
Self-Assessed Health into Late Adulthood

Abstract. Self-assessed health (SAH) is the personal assessment of one’s own health (Idler & Benyamini, 1997; Jylha, 2009). It is often measured using a single item asking whether adults rate their health as excellent, very good, good, fair, or poor. When measured at a single point in time, SAH relates to a variety of short-term and long-term health outcomes and behaviors, including morbidity, healthcare utilization, and mortality (Benyamini, 2008; Mossey & Shapiro, 1982; Westerhof & Wurm, 2015). Recently, attention has shifted away from examining SAH at a single point in time toward understanding whether SAH trajectories can better predict health outcomes (Ayyagari et al., 2012; Schmitz et al., 2013). Therefore, it is critical to understand the factors contributing to the SAH process. This article provides a multidisciplinary overview of SAH and SAH change while illustrating the benefits of adopting a lifespan approach in future research. The current SAH literature, including cross-sectional and longitud...
A mammalian nervous-system-specific plasma membrane proteasome complex that modulates neuronal function

In the nervous system, rapidly occurring processes such as neuronal transmission and calcium signaling are affected by short-term inhibition of proteasome function. It is unclear how proteasomes are able to acutely regulate such processes, as this action is inconsistent with their canonical role in proteostasis. Here we describe a mammalian nervous-system-specific membrane proteasome complex that directly and rapidly modulates neuronal function by degrading intracellular proteins into extracellular peptides that can stimulate neuronal signaling. This proteasome complex is closely associated with neuronal plasma membranes, exposed to the extracellular space, and catalytically active. Selective inhibition of the membrane proteasome complex by a cell-impermeable proteasome inhibitor blocked the production of extracellular peptides and attenuated neuronal-activity-induced calcium signaling. Moreover, we observed that membrane-proteasome-derived peptides were sufficient to induce neuronal calcium signaling. Our discoveries challenge the prevailing notion that proteasomes function primarily to maintain proteostasis, and highlight a form of neuronal communication that takes place through a membrane proteasome complex.
The Devil is in the details for DNA mismatch repair.

Ensuring high-fidelity DNA replication is essential for maintaining genome stability in organisms from Escherichia coli to humans. This task requires an intricate network of cellular components that carries out replication and postreplication DNA repair (1). In eukaryotes, replication is carried out by Pol e and Pol δ that synthesize the leading and lagging strands, respectively, using short RNA–DNA primers synthesized by Pol α. Although replication gives rise to a low spontaneous mutation rate of ∼10−10 mutations per base pair per generation, errors in the nucleotide incorporation step occur about once every 104 to 105 insertions on average, although the frequency varies considerably depending on a number of parameters including the particular mismatch, chromosomal context, and the DNA polymerase. In addition to stringent selectivity at each step of nucleotide incorporation, high-fidelity DNA polymerases possess 3′-endonuclease activities that act as proofreaders, removing errant bases whose abnormal geometries act as speed bumps, allowing excision of the incorrect base and insertion of the correct one. Working closely with the replication machinery is a postreplication DNA repair pathway: DNA mismatch repair (MMR). MMR targets replication errors that have escaped proofreading by excising a region that contains the mismatched base(s) on the newly synthesized strand and giving a high-fidelity DNA polymerase a second chance. In cells whose MMR function is compromised by mutation or epigenetic silencing a hypermutator phenotype ensues. Loss of MMR results in inherited cancer susceptibility (e.g., Lynch syndrome), as well as an increased incidence of sporadic cancers (2). MMR has been reconstituted with a heteroduplex (mismatched) DNA substrate and purified proteins from E. coli and subsequently with yeast and human proteins (3⇓–5). Until now, eukaryotic systems have all used Pol δ. In PNAS, Bowen and Kolodner report the first reconstitution with purified Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteins of 5′ … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: peggyh{at}niddk.nih.gov. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Informational aspects in a class of Bayesian congestion games

We study a Bayesian congestion game which models routing in environments where the route costs are affected by a random network state. Each player is subscribed to one of two Traveler Information Systems (TIS), which estimate the state with different levels of accuracy. The TISs induce two traveler populations with heterogeneous access to information about the state. Each traveler population then routes its demand on a network of two parallel routes based on its private beliefs of the state and of the other population. For simplicity, we assume that one TIS provides a more accurate estimate than the other in all states. We characterize the equilibria of the game under two information structures. The first information structure is specified by objective beliefs, i.e., those consistent with a common prior distribution on the network state and type profiles, whereas the second is specified by subjective beliefs that do not admit a common prior. Our equilibrium results permit an analysis of social costs with respect to changes in the relative size of two populations. We show that the equilibrium social cost is minimized either for a unique ratio of population sizes, or for a continuous range of population sizes, and that information access heterogeneity is always socially beneficial. However, this ratio (or range) of population sizes differ between the subjective and objective cases. Finally, we study examples of information structures in which travelers in the population with access to more accurate information about the state are worse off than the other travelers.
THE STRUCTURE OF THE COLLODION MEMBRANE AND ITS ELECTRICAL BEHAVIOR : VI. THE PROTAMINE-COLLODION MEMBRANE, A NEW ELECTROPOSITIVE MEMBRANE.

1. Strongly electropositive porous membranes were prepared by the adsorption of protamine (salmine) on porous collodion membranes. These membranes retain their electrochemical chracteristics for at least 12 months without change. 2. They are distinctly electropositive between pH 1 and 10, the range of most pronounced electropositive behavior occurring in solutions between pH 3 and pH 8. The filtration rates and ohmic resistance of these membranes do not differ significantly from similar uncoated membranes. 3. The porous protamine-collodion membranes show very pronounced positive anomalous osmosis, the observed effects with proper electrolytes being similar to those obtained with oxidized collodion membranes. They also show very conspicuous negative osmosis with strong acids. 4. Protamine-collodion membranes which correspond in their properties to the activated dried collodion membranes were prepared by the adsorption of protamine on porous collodion membranes followed by drying in air. The concentration potentials across such dried protamine-collodion membranes closely approach the thermodynamically possible maximum.
Genetics of Mechanoreceptor Evolution and Development

Several candidate mechanosensitive channels have been identified in single and multicellular organisms. In prokaryotes, the well-characterized channels are gated by force that conveys lateral tension in the membrane. These channels, while sharing certain transmembrane motifs, are molecularly distinct from the two families of putative mechanosensory channels of multicellular organisms, the transient receptor potential (TRP) and the degenerin/epithelial sodium channel (DEG/ENaC) family of genes. DEG/ENaC channels have been best characterized in certain fine-touch sensory cells of nematodes, but have also been found to be present in cutaneous sensors of flies and free nerve endings as well as specialized nerve endings of vertebrates. Several TRP channels have been associated with mechanosensation in nematodes and flies and have also been implicated in hair cell mechanotransduction. In nematodes, flies, and vertebrates numerous distinct intra- and extracellular proteins play a seemingly variable role in anchoring the putative channel to improve performance. It is proposed that single ancestral unicellular channels have been modified in the course of evolution to allow different functions in various sensations, including mechanosensation in variable cells and organs.
Management of diabetes

Historically, patient treatment has been reactive, guided by the assessment of patients’ symptoms. However, elevated blood glucose, elevated blood pressure and elevated cholesterol often have no symptoms. Yet, research has demonstrated that early and successful treatment of these problems can prevent or delay complications of diabetes [1].
Polarization and Spin Alignment in Multihadronic Z0 Decays

The large statistics of millions of hadronic Z0 decays, accumulated by the four LEP experiments between 1989 and 1995, allowed for detailed investigations of the fragmentation process. Inclusive Lambda_b baryons and Lambda hyperons at intermediate and high momentum have been found to show longitudinal polarization. This may be related to the primary quark and antiquark polarization and the hadronization mechanism which produces the leading baryons. Helicity density-matrix elements have been measured for a variety of vector mesons produced inclusively in hadronic Z0 decays. The diagonal elements of some of the light mesons and the D*+- show a preference for a helicity-zero state if the meson carries a large fraction of the available energy. The mechanism which produces such spin alignment in the non-perturbative hadronization of the primary partons to the vector mesons is so far unexplained. For the B* the results are consistent with no spin alignment, which is expected in a picture based on HQET. For some meson species non-diagonal elements have been measured indicating coherence phenomena due to final-state interaction between the primary quark and antiquark.
Southern California Bight

Abstract The Southern California Bight (SCB) is a unique and valuable ecological and economic resource. It is also vulnerable to environmental pressures, with > 30 million inhabitants. Collectively since 1994, SCB dischargers, regulators, academics, and nongovernmental organizations have collaborated in a regional monitoring program to assess ocean health. In this chapter, we describe the most recent key findings and trends, focusing on sediment quality, trash, beach water quality, and ocean acidification (OA). Sediment quality in the SCB is generally good, with only 6% of the region having impacted sediment chemistry, sediment toxicity, and/or benthic infauna. However, not all habitats are in equally good condition, with embayments (i.e., marinas, estuaries) experiencing the greatest extent of impacts. Despite their impacts, SCB embayment sediment quality has improved over the past 15 years. Trash is widespread in the SCB, especially plastic, covering 25% of the seafloor. This extent has been increasing steadily for 20 years. The results are consistent with coastal SCB watershed surveys, where trash is observed in every urbanized stream sampled. This trash is subsequently discharged to the ocean during storm events. Beach water quality in the SCB is generally safe to swim. Only 3% of the SCB shoreline km-days exceed water quality standards for bacteria during the summer months, which attracts 1.75 × 108 beachgoers each year. During or immediately following wet weather, however, the extent quickly increases to 65% of the shoreline km-days exceeding standards. The SCB is vulnerable to OA owing to its narrow continental shelf, which can bring deeper corrosive water close to shore. SCB surveys observed corrosive water (defined as aragonite saturation state 100 m. Corrosive waters were most widespread in spring, consistent with regional upwelling events.
Gravitational torque partially accounts for proprioceptive acuity.

Abstract Proprioception of the upper extremity is commonly measured using joint position sense tasks. Recent evidence suggests heightened position sense at elevation angles in the shoulder and elbow near 90° in the sagittal plane. The influence of external torque has been suggested to play a pivotal role in the heightened acuity in elevated positions due to increased moment arm with respect to gravitational vectors. We hypothesized that the addition of a buoyance vector in opposition to this gravitational vector would reduce the influence of torque on proprioceptive acuity, resulting in consistent position sense errors with respect to elevation angle. Joint position sense was measured using an apple iPod touch using a custom application. Participants elevated their arm to 50, 70 and 90° of elevation in the sagittal plane in the absence of visual feedback. Data were collected in three conditions, normal (control) and submerged and weighted. We found angular differences between control and submerged conditions, but not between control and weighted conditions. When the arm was elevated to 90° in the submerged condition, we found participants undershot the target position by approximately −0.5° with the addition of the buoyancy force vector. Participants without this buoyancy vector at the same target position consistently overshot the target by approximately 2.0°, which suggests that external torque may be more involved in the direction of proprioceptive errors more than the magnitude of the error as the magnitude of the difference was relatively small (2.5°).
Follow my point? Preschoolers’ expectations about veridicality disrupt their understanding of deceptive points

Abstract Preschoolers struggle to correctly interpret deceptive pointing. Does this difficulty stem from a bias to follow pointing gestures or a bias to believe those who point? Four-year-olds saw either deceptive pointing (which violates both biases) or true negative pointing (which only violates children’s bias to follow pointing). A hider hid a sticker under one of two cups and pointed to the empty one. In the deceptive condition, the hider falsely claimed she would point to where the sticker was, whereas in the true negative condition, she truthfully claimed she would point to where the sticker was not. Preschoolers correctly interpreted true negative, but not deceptive, pointing. Even when a reliable speaker repeatedly reminded them about the deceptive intentions of the hider, children failed to search correctly. Inhibitory control helped children understand true negative points. Explaining how they were tricked helped children understand deceptive points. Children follow a deceptive point because they cannot overcome the bias to believe the pointer is truthful. Violations of this bias overwhelm other cognitive abilities that otherwise help children interpret others’ communication.
Hierarchical Collaborative Cloud and Fog Computing in IoT Networks

The ever growing demand of Internet of Things (IoT) devices for wireless access imposes great challenges in the current cellular systems and call for novel approaches for wireless network design. This paper considers a hierarchical cloud-fog communication network. By using the real-life user data, following the long-term data features and combing with online bandit saddle-point (BanSap) method in short-term, we develop a joint energy and time consumption optimization method for fog and cloud computing for IoT network. The number of active servers in the access layer is optimized based on the workload prediction model. Simulation results show that our proposed scheme can achieve a better performance in delay and energy consumption.
Infected ("Mycotic") coronary artery aneurysm: Systematic review.

Abstract Background Infected coronary artery aneurysms (ICAA) represent a rare but potentially fatal complication of pre-existent atherosclerotic or non-atherosclerotic coronary artery disease, percutaneous coronary artery intervention, endocarditis or extracardiac infection. Methods A retrospective analysis of four cases in addition to 51 infected coronary artery aneurysms from the literature, for a total of 55 ICAA was performed. Clinical and morphological information including age, sex, clinical presentation, microbial cultures, size, location and associated abnormalities as well as patient outcome was reviewed. Results 83% of affected patients were adult males, with an average age of 55.24 years. The right coronary artery was the most commonly affected vessel (40%). In nearly 80% of the time, the responsible organism was either Staphylococcus aureus (53.3%), or Streptococcus (20%) infection. ICAA are typically large, on average 3.4 cm in diameter and can measure up to 9 cm. On contrast enhanced CT, imaging features include lobulated contour or saccular shape (54.2%) with thick wall or mural thrombus (87.5%). Associated abnormal appearance of the pericardium with either pericardial fluid, thickening or loculation is common (79.2%). Conclusion ICAA are typically large, and characterized by a thick wall with a lobulated or saccular shape. Association with mediastinal, chest wall or pericardial abnormalities are common. This combination of findings, in the setting of fever, known infection, or recent coronary intervention should raise concern for ICAA.
A History of Global Consumption: 1500 - 1800

Introduction. 1. Collecting the World. 2. American Gold: Sugar, Tobacco and Chocolate. 3. Consuming the New World: Settlements and Transformation. 4. Domesticating the Exotic. 5. Treasures from the East: Tulips and the Fashion for Asia's Luxury Goods. 6. Consumption as a Global Phenomenon: Colonial Dreams and Financial Bubbles in Europe, China's Consumer Culture. 7. Resisting Exotic Luxuries: Simplicity and Boycotts in the Age of Revolutions.
Cortical activation in generalized seizures.

Objective Patients with generalized epilepsy exhibit different epileptiform events including asymptomatic interictal spikes (IS), absence seizures with spike-wave discharges (SWDs), and myoclonic seizures (MS). Our objective was to determine the spatiotemporal patterns of cortical activation in SWDs, IS, and MS in the Gabra1+/A322D juvenile myoclonic epilepsy mouse. Methods We fabricated affordable, flexible high-density electroencephalography (HdEEG) arrays and recorded spontaneous SWD, IS, and MS with video/HdEEG. We determined differences among the events in amplitude spectral density (ASD) in the δ/θ/α/β/γ frequency bands at baseline (3.5-4.0 seconds before the first spike time, t0 ) and the prespike period (0.1-0.5 seconds before t0 ), and we elucidated the spatiotemporal activation during the t0 spike. Results All three events had an increase in ASD between baseline and prespike in at least one frequency band. During prespike, MS had the largest δ-band ASD, but SWD had the greatest α/β/γ band ASD. For all three events, the ASD was largest in the anterior regions. The t0 spike voltage was also greatest in the anterior regions for all three events and IS and MS had larger voltages than SWD. From 7.5 to 17.5 msec after t0 , MS had greater voltage than IS and SWD, and maximal voltage was in the posterior parietal region. Significance Changes in spectral density from baseline to prespike indicate that none of these generalized events are instantaneous or entirely unpredictable. Prominent engagement of anterior cortical regions during prespike and at t0 suggest that common anterior neural circuits participate in each event. Differences in prespike ASD signify that although the events may engage similar brain regions, they may arise from distinct proictal states with different neuronal activity or connectivity. Prolonged activation of the posterior parietal area in MS suggests that posterior circuits contribute to the myoclonic jerk. Together, these findings identify brain regions and processes that could be specifically targeted for further recording and modulation.
Behavioral analyses of animal models of intellectual and developmental disabilities

Abstract Intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs) are a common group of disorders that frequently share overlapping symptoms, including cognitive deficits, altered attention, seizures, impaired social interactions, and anxiety. The causes of these disorders are varied ranging from early prenatal/postnatal insults to genetic variants that either cause or are associated with an increased likelihood of an IDD. As many of the symptoms observed in individuals with IDDs are a manifestation of altered nervous system function resulting in altered behaviors, it should not be surprising that the field is very dependent upon in vivo model systems. This special issue of Neurobiology of Learning and Memory is focused on the methods and approaches that are being used to model and understand these disorders in mammals. While surveys by the Pew Foundation continue to find a high degree of confidence/trust in scientists by the public, several recent studies have documented issues with reproducibility in scientific publications. This special issue includes both primary research articles and review articles in which careful attention has been made to transparently report methods and use rigorous approaches to ensure reproducibility. Although there have been and will continue to be remarkable advances for treatment of subset of IDDs, it is clear that this field is still in its early stages. There is no doubt that the strategies being used to model IDDs will continue to evolve. We hope this special issue will support this evolution so that we can maintain the trust of the public and elected officials, and continue developing evidence-based approaches to new therapeutics.
Iran's Reconstruction Jihad: Rural Development and Regime Consolidation after 1979

Based on over one hundred and thirty interviews with government officials, revolutionary activists, war veterans, and development experts, this is the first full length study in English to examine the significant yet understudied organization and ministry, Reconstruction Jihad, as a basis for understanding the political and social changes and continuities that have transpired in the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) over the last four decades. Exploring the success of the Iranian revolution, the state's development policies, its overall resilience and the conflicting dynamics of its attempts to mobilize and institutionalize activists, Iran's Reconstruction Jihad is one of the few studies that adopts an institutionalist approach toward analyzing critical aspects of the IRI's history and politics, with comparative implications for analyzing revolutionary processes and outcomes across other geographic regions and time periods.
Spillover Effects of the Opioid Epidemic on Consumer Finance

Appendix available at https://ssrn.com/abstract=3324720. I examine the impact of the opioid epidemic on subprime auto lending. Using a difference-in-differences framework, I find that county-level increases in opioid abuse cause an increase in loan defaults. Moreover, I find that traditional credit scoring attributes (e.g., FICO score) fail to predict loan performance deterioration associated with opioid addiction. The resulting higher default rates and weaker predictive performance of traditional credit measures generate a negative externality for borrowers in opioid-afflicted areas, as evidenced by 4.4% higher loan costs for subprime borrowers.
The value of insect management to US maize, soybean and cotton farmers

Background Most US maize, soybean and cotton farmers use Bt crops, insecticidal seed treatments, soil-applied insecticides, and foliar sprays to manage insect pests. Given the global economic importance of these crops, we examine farmer benefits of this insecticide use. Using a telephone survey, we document pest management practices and concerns, estimate adoption and farmer perceived values for these practices, and determine factors besides yield and cost that impact adoption and perceived value. Results Seed-based technologies (Bt seed, seed treatments) dominated insecticide use. Almost 80% of respondents' planted hectares used Bt crops and more than half used seed treatments, while about one-sixth used soil insecticides and one-sixth to one-third used foliar insecticides. Perceived farmer values per treated hectare were greatest for Bt cotton and foliar insecticides in cotton, especially after first bloom. Values for maize and other cotton insecticide uses were greater than for soybean. Aggregating over treated areas, the largest total values for each crop were for seed-based technologies. In addition to yield and cost, farmers showed significant concern for economic risk and human and environmental safety when making pest management decisions. These non-monetary concerns significantly affected the likelihood farmers used these practices and their perceived value. Conclusion For these crops, seed-based insecticides dominate farmer insecticide use and the value they derive from insecticides. Because seed purchase is months before planting, farmers rely on risk-based integrated pest management to make pest management decisions, weighing both monetary and non-monetary factors when deciding whether the risks are sufficient to justify the use of insecticides. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
Presence experienced in smartphone-based exposure: First and third person perspectives

Abstract Various formats to deliver exposure stimuli have been developed, including video-based stimuli. Virtual reality-based exposure often utilizes a first-person perspective, which is associated with greater presence (e.g., feeling integrated in a virtual world) than third-person perspective. Yet, few have compared exposure stimuli presented in first-person versus third-person perspective. Thus, this study examined presence and anxiety levels associated with exposure video perspective. Participants (N = 18) completed a two-week video-based exposure treatment (i.e., watched one week of first-person perspective film and one week of third-person perspective film, counterbalanced). Participants reported anxiety and presence felt during the exposures. Results indicated greater presence was experienced during first-person videos than third-person ones. Anxiety levels did not differ between video perspective. An interaction between perspective and video order was found; those who watched third-person videos during week one reported more anxiety when presented first-person videos than those who watched the reverse order. Results support previous findings that more presence is reported with first-person than third-person perspective. More importantly, this study suggests an innovative way to sequence exposure stimuli so as to maximally sustain therapeutic levels of arousal over the course of treatment.
Use of postpartum contraception during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A retrospective cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: To assess how use of postpartum contraception (PPC) changed during the COVID-19 public health emergency. METHODS: Billing and coding data from a single urban institution (n = 1797) were used to compare use of PPC in patients who delivered from March to June 2020 (COVID Cohort, n = 927) and from March to June 2019 (Comparison Cohort, n = 895). χ2 and multivariable logistic regression models assessed relationships between cohorts, use of contraception, and interactions with postpartum visits and race/ethnicity. RESULTS: In the COVID Cohort, 585 women (64%) attended postpartum visits (n = 488, 83.4%, via telemedicine) compared to 660 (74.7%, in-person) in the Comparison Cohort (P < 0.01). Total use of PPC remained similar: 30.4% (n = 261) in the COVID Cohort and 29.6% (n = 278) in the Comparison Cohort (P = 0.69). Compared to in-person visits in the Comparison Cohort, telemedicine visits in the COVID Cohort had similar odds of insertion of long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.13, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.78-1.6), but higher odds of inpatient insertion (aOR 6.4, 95% CI 1.7-24.9). Black patients compared to white patients were more likely to initiate inpatient LARC (aOR 7.29, 95% CI 1.81-29.4) compared to the Comparison Cohort (aOR 3.63, 95% CI 0.29-46.19). CONCLUSION: Use of PPC remained similar during COVID-19 with a decrease of in-person postpartum visits, new adoption of postpartum telemedicine visits, and an increase in inpatient insertion of LARC with higher odds of inpatient placement among black patients.
Foreign Investment and Bribery: A Firm-Level Analysis of Corruption in Vietnam

Among the concerns faced by countries pondering the costs and benefits of greater economic openness to international capital flows is the worry that new and powerful external actors will exert a corrupting influence on the domestic economy. In this paper, we use a novel empirical strategy, drawn from research in experimental psychology, to test the linkage between foreign direct investment (FDI) and corruption. The prevailing literature has produced confused and contradictory results on this vital relationship due to errors in their measurement of corruption which are correlated with FDI inflows. When a less biased operationalization is employed, we find clear evidence of corruption during both registration and procurement procedures in Vietnam. The prevalence of corruption, however, is not associated with inflows of FDI. On the contrary, one measure of economic openness appears to be the most important driver of reductions in Vietnamese corruption: the wave of domestic legislation, which accompanied the country's bilateral trade liberalization agreement with the United States (US-BTA), significantly reduced bribery during business registration
The Aspergillus fumigatus septins play pleiotropic roles in septation, conidiation, and cell wall stress, but are dispensable for virulence

Septins are a conserved family of GTPases that regulate important cellular processes such as cell wall integrity, and septation in fungi. The requirement of septins for virulence has been demonstrated in the human pathogenic yeasts Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans, as well as the plant pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae. Aspergillus spp. contains five genes encoding for septins (aspA-E). While the importance of septins AspA, AspB, AspC, and AspE for growth and conidiation has been elucidated in the filamentous fungal model Aspergillus nidulans, nothing is known on the role of septins in growth and virulence in the human pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus. Here we deleted all five A. fumigatus septins, and generated certain double and triple septin deletion strains. Phenotypic analyses revealed that while all the septins are dispensable in normal growth conditions, AspA, AspB, AspC and AspE are required for regular septation. Furthermore, deletion of only the core septin genes significantly reduced conidiation. Concomitant with the absence of an electron-dense outer conidial wall, the ΔaspB strain was also sensitive to anti-cell wall agents. Infection with the ΔaspB strain in a Galleria mellonella model of invasive aspergillosis showed hypervirulence, but no virulence difference was noted when compared to the wild-type strain in a murine model of invasive aspergillosis. Although the deletion of aspB resulted in increased release of TNF-α from the macrophages, no significant inflammation differences in lung histology was noted between the ΔaspB strain and the wild-type strain. Taken together, these results point to the importance of septins in A. fumigatus growth, but not virulence in a murine model.
Ultraviolet Irradiation of Bacteriophage during Intracellular Growth

In this paper, Luria and Latarjet described a subpopulation of E. coli, strain B infected with bacteriophage T2, with increased resistance to UV. They indicated that the infected bacteria initially showed a rapid increase in resistance due to increased resistance of the intracellular phage particles, possibly caused by accumulation of ultraviolet-absorbing material around the phage. With time, the resistance of infected bacteria to high doses of radiation decreases, likely indicating that, as phage multiplication proceeds, the apparent sensitivity of the intracellular phage particles returns to higher values. Luria spent the 1945-1946 academic year on leave in Cold Spring Harbor, directing a government research project on bacterial resistance to antibiotics. The research produced several papers, including this one.
The NMR spectra of halo-olefins: The iodopropenes

Abstract The NMR spectra of the 1-iodopropenes and 2-iodopropene have been determined and analyzed. General features of the NMR spectra of the halopropenes and the vinyl halides are compared.
The Do-It-Yourself Death Certificate as a Research Technique

: The Do-It-Yourself Death Certificate (DIYDC) is a slightly abridged facsimile of the Michigan death certificate. In its first series of research applications, the DIYDC was administered to 158 subjects who had chosen death-related courses or occupations; other questionnaires were also administered. Among the findings: (a) death by cancer was markedly underestimated; (b) a quick death was heavily preferred; and (c) the measure of proportion-of-life-remaining was helpful in differentiating preferences for mode of body disposal and attitude toward cryonics. The DIYDC appears to offer a useful supplement to existing techniques for studying orientations toward life and death.
WHEN IS A TREE NOT A RESOURCE

Although this journal mainly considers the study of cellulosic materials as sources of structural wood, fibers, chemicals, energy, and products such as paper, it would be short-sighted to view all trees as existing in order to meet such needs. An individual tree may have multiple roles, from a human perspective. The point of this essay is that different groups of trees ought to be managed in one of four ways – as crops, as natural habitat, as an awe-inspiring heritage, as in the case of national parks, and as dear friends in our yards and along our boulevards.