cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
(BP) 2 : Beyond pairwise Belief Propagation labeling by approximating Kikuchi free energies

Belief propagation (BP) can be very useful and efficient for performing approximate inference on graphs. But when the graph is very highly connected with strong conflicting interactions, BP tends to fail to converge. Generalized Belief Propagation (GBP) provides more accurate solutions on such graphs, by approximating Kikuchi free energies, but the clusters required for the Kikuchi approximations are hard to generate. We propose a new algorithmic way of generating such clusters from a graph without exponentially increasing the size of the graph during triangulation. In order to perform the statistical region labeling, we introduce the use of superpixels for the nodes of the graph, as it is a more natural representation of an image than the pixel grid. This results in a smaller but much more highly interconnected graph where BP consistently fails. We demonstrate how our version of the GBP algorithm outperforms BP on synthetic and natural images and in both cases, GBP converges after only a few iterations.
Telephone-based goal management training for adults with mild traumatic brain injury: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Approximately 1 million individuals experience a mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) and cost the United States nearly $17 billion each year. Many trauma survivors with mild TBI have debilitating and long-term physical, emotional, and cognitive impairments that are unrecognized at trauma centers. Early intervention studies are needed to address these impairments, especially cognitive deficits in executive functioning. Goal management training (GMT) is a structured cognitive rehabilitation program that has been found to improve executive functioning in patients with moderate to severe TBI. The current study adapted the GMT program for telephone delivery in order to improve the accessibility of rehabilitation services in a patient population with multiple barriers to care and significant yet unrecognized cognitive impairment. The primary objective of this study is to examine the efficacy of telephone-based GMT for improving executive functioning, functional status, and psychological health in trauma survivors with mild TBI. This study is a three-group randomized controlled trial being conducted at a Level I trauma center. Ninety trauma survivors with mild TBI and cognitive deficits in executive functioning will be randomized to receive telephone-based GMT, telephone-based education, or usual care. GMT and education programs will be delivered by a physical therapist. The first in-person session is 1 h and the remaining six telephone sessions are 30 min. A battery of well-established cognitive tests will be conducted and validated questionnaires will be collected that measure executive functioning, functional status, and depressive and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms at 6 weeks, 4 months, and 7 months following hospital discharge. This study supports a telephone-delivery approach to rehabilitation services in order to broaden the availability of evidence-based cognitive strategies. This trial was registered with Clinicaltrials.gov on 10 October 2012, registration number: NCT01714531 .
Nonpharmacologic Options for Treating Acute and Chronic Pain

This article provides a broad overview of the clinical nonpharmacologic treatment options for managing acute and chronic pain. Physical therapy and modalities, interventional techniques, emerging regenerative medicine, and cognitive behavioral paradigms of treatment are presented. Recommendations are evidence-based and are a practical resource for the musculoskeletal pain and sports medicine practitioner.
Adjacent segment disease: Incidence and recommended treatment

The incidence, etiology, and treatment of adjacent segment pathology in the cervical spine have been one of the most researched topics in the past 15 years. Despite the abundance of literature many questions about the phenomenon remain unanswered. The three leading theories regarding etiology consist of altered biomechanics from adjacent fused segments, natural disease history, and soft-tissue disruption. All of the theories have evidence to support them but none can entirely explain the condition. Similarly, the true incidence of adjacent disease remains difficult to define secondary to heterogeneous patient populations, diagnostic methods, and surgical procedures. Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion is the most common surgical procedure for cervical pathology and as such the majority of the data on adjacent segment problems originates from ACDF literature. A large impetus for the development of cervical disc arthroplasty was to decrease adjacent pathology rates associated with anterior cervical fusion. However, while disc arthroplasty is clearly an effective treatment for certain cervical conditions, its effect on adjacent segment pathology are uncertain and longer-term follow-up is needed. The treatment for adjacent segment pathology should be approached similar to that of a patient presenting with primary symptoms. Anterior cervical fusion and disc arthroplasty, as well as, posterior-based options such as laminoplasty and laminectomy with fusion have been successfully used for adjacent problems. Ultimately, adjacent segment pathology is a reality of managing cervical spine conditions regardless of the chosen treatment. Surgeons should council patients accordingly about their individual risk factors and be prepared to manage adjacent pathology as a routine part of spine practice.
Sa-I-Gu: Finding Myself in the Midst of Chaos

The year 1992 was a transformative year for me. I decided to end my career as a regional manager of a multi-million dollar company in California to pursue graduate work in Hawai’i. Growing up in northern California as a 1.5 generation Korean American in the early ‘70s offered me the opportunity to observe, experience, and unpack the challenges and transformation of immigrant families, post-civil rights movement. The notion of racial injustice was both ambiguous and clear for me as a young child. I was unsure why it happened, but I knew intuitively that it was wrong. Having racial epithets thrown at me was a common experience in the ‘70s, but like other immigrant youth, I learned to navigate the hostile racial climate by finding comfort and friendships with other youth of color and white friends who showed kindness to a non-native speaker.
Systemic thrombolysis increases hemorrhagic stroke risk without survival benefit compared with catheter-directed intervention for the treatment of acute pulmonary embolism.

Abstract Background Systemic thrombolysis (ST) and catheter-directed intervention (CDI) are both used in the treatment of acute pulmonary embolism (PE), but the comparative outcomes of these two therapies remain unclear. The objective of this study was to compare short-term mortality and safety outcomes between the two treatments using a large national database. Methods Patients presenting with acute PE were identified in the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) from 2009 to 2012. Comorbidities, clinical characteristics, and invasive procedures were identified using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD) codes and the Elixhauser comorbidity index. To adjust for anticipated baseline differences between the two treatment groups, propensity score matching was used to create a matched ST cohort with clinical and comorbid characteristics similar to those of the CDI cohort. Subgroups of patients with and without hemodynamic shock were analyzed separately. Primary outcomes were in-hospital mortality, overall bleeding risk, and hemorrhagic stroke risk. Results Of 263,955 subjects with acute PE, 1.63% (n = 4272) received ST and 0.55% (n = 1455) received CDI. ST subjects were older, had more chronic comorbidities, and had higher rates of respiratory failure (ST, 27.9% [n = 1192]; CDI, 21.2% [n = 308]; P Conclusions ST for acute PE may not improve in-hospital mortality compared with CDI but increases the overall risk of hemorrhagic stroke compared with CDI. Further prospective studies should examine the comparative effectiveness and safety of these two treatments.
The physiological effects of hockey protective equipment on high intensity intermittent exercise.

Ice hockey is a contact sport played in a cold environment which leads to assumptions that players are not exposed to a thermal challenge. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that the wearing of hockey protective equipment during an exercise protocol designed to simulate a hockey game would induce a thermal challenge and lead to decrements in performance. In order to test this hypothesis and qualify the physiological responses, subjects performed a standardized protocol performed on a stationary cycle ergometer in an environmental chamber set at typical (12oC) ice hockey ambient conditions. The simulation was performed twice; once while wearing cotton undergarments only (NP), and once while wearing cotton undergarments and the typical protective equipment worn during a hockey game (P). Work intensity during each trial was held constant and was evaluated by examining mean power output, which was similar under both P and NP conditions (348.2 W vs 352.08 W, P > 0.05) P vs NP, respectively. Body (37.18 oC vs 36.58 oC) and skin temperatures (34.12 oC vs 28.85 oC) were elevated in P vs NP, respectively (P<0.05). Core temperatures (37.50 oC vs 37.41oC) displayed a trend towards being higher in P vs NP particularly during the third period of simulation (P = 0.053). Sweat loss as a percent of body mass was greater in P vs NP (2.57% vs 1.18%, respectively P<0.05), which led to an increase in plasma osmolality (287 vs 283 mosmol/kg H2O, respectively P<0.05) working heart rate (83.7% vs 78.8% of maximum heart rate), resting heart rate (63.4% and 55.9% of maximum heart rate), and urine specific gravity (1.026 vs 1.017) for P vs NP respectively (each P<0.05). The drop-off in power from pre to post simulated game was examined in both conditions by the use of five repeated maximal six second sprints interspersed with 24 seconds of recovery. The drop-off in both peak (12.0% vs 0.2%) and mean power (14.5% vs 2.7%) was greater in P versus NP (P<0.05). Plasma lactate concentration was higher following the simulated game in P vs NP (9.64 vs 5.96 mmol/L, P<0.05) as was plasma norepinephrine (2274.0 vs 1366.9 pg/ml, P<0.05). Rating of Perceived Exertion increased by 30-53% in the P condition (P<0.05) even though power outputs were equivalent. The elevated body temperature and increased water loss appeared to increase glycolytic flux, which when coupled with the consequences of thermal stress, reduced power output and led to the perception of elevated work intensities during the simulated game.
Abstract 1006: A novel class I histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, paragazole, demonstrates antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects in triple-negative breast cancer models.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC Introduction: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a clinically aggressive breast cancer subtype which lacks estrogen receptor expression. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have previously been shown to induce estrogen receptor expression in TNBC models. Paragazole is a selective class I HDAC inhibitor (HDACs 1, 2, and 3) currently in preclinical development. In this project, we explored the antiproliferative and proapoptotic activity of paragazole and investigated the combination of paragazole and chemotherapy in a panel of breast cancer cell lines. Methods: Breast cancer cell lines were exposed to varying sub-micromolar concentrations of paragazole alone and in combination with carboplatin, paclitaxel, and gemcitabine. Proliferation was assessed using an SRB assay and analyzed using the Calcusyn program, whereby synergy was defined as a Combination Index of less than 1. Cell cycle analysis was performed using flow cytometry and apoptosis was analyzed using a caspase 3/7 assay. Baseline HDAC expression was measured by RT-PCR and RNA-Seq was used pre- and post-treatment in a subset of 2 sensitive and 2 resistant cell lines. Results: Exposure to paragazole resulted in a decrease in cell proliferation at submicromolar concentrations with more robust antiproliferative activity observed in the TNBC cell lines compared to the estrogen receptor positive cell lines. An increase in apoptosis that was maximal at 24-48 hours was observed with single agent paragazole in a subset of sensitive TNBC cell lines. The combinations of paragazole with either paclitaxel, gemcitabine, or carboplatin all resulted in additive or synergistic growth inhibition. Expression of HDAC 1 was higher in the sensitive TNBC cell lines than in the resistant lines. Exposure to paragazole led to an increase in CARM1 mediated estrogen receptor expression. Discussion: These in vitro results demonstrate that paragazole has antiproliferative and proapototic activity against TNBC cell lines and may potentiate the activity of chemotherapy. These data support confirmation of the findings using in vivo models and the investigation of paragazole in combination with anti-estrogen agents such as tamoxifen and fulvestrant. Citation Format: David P. Astling, John J. Tentler, Benjamin R. Cross, Timothy P. Newton, Todd M. Pitts, Eric Gunther, Xuedong Liu, S. Gail Eckhardt, Jennifer R. Diamond. A novel class I histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, paragazole, demonstrates antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects in triple-negative breast cancer models. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1006. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1006
Microreactor Chemical Bath Deposition of Laterally Graded Cd1–xZnxS Thin Films: A Route to High-Throughput Optimization for Photovoltaic Buffer Layers

Cd1–xZnxS (CdZnS) is a promising replacement for the CdS buffer layers in copper indium gallium (di)selenide (CIGS) solar cells because the wider band gap of CdZnS offers improved optical transmittance of blue light. Chemical bath deposition (CBD) is the state-of-the-art deposition method for CdS and CdZnS. However, CBD of CdZnS is poorly understood, and relationships between bath composition and stoichiometry, microstructure, and optoelectronic properties of the deposited film are lacking. We introduce CBD using a continuous flow microreactor as a new technique to rapidly explore a wide variety of deposition conditions on a single substrate using spatially dependent characterization. X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption spectroscopy indicate that the film is a mixture of nanocrystalline CdZnS and amorphous Zn(O,OH,S). Over the length of a single substrate, films showed increasing Zn:Cd ratio in the nanocrystalline phase, increasing amorphous content, and increasing quantum confinement, and resultant mo...
Electromagnetic Field Shielding Polyurethane Nanocomposites Reinforced with Core–Shell Fe–Silica Nanoparticles

A modified Stober method is introduced to synthesize Fe@SiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) using 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) as a primer to render the metal particle surface compatible with silica. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) results indicate a highly crystalline iron core coated with a uniform layer of silica. Polyurethane (PU) nanocomposites filled with 71 wt % Fe@FeO and 71 wt % Fe@SiO2 NPs are fabricated via a surface-initiated polymerization (SIP) method. The significantly increased coercivity of the resulting nanocomposites than that of the pure Fe@FeO NPs indicates that the NPs become magnetically harder after being dispersed in the PU matrix. Both Fe@SiO2 NPs and Fe@SiO2/PU nanocomposites exhibit better thermal stability and antioxidation capability than Fe@FeO and Fe@FeO/PU, respectively, owing to the barrier effect of the silica shell, revealed by the thermalgravimetric analysis (TGA). Meanwhile, the silica shell greatly r...
Surrogate Versus Direct Measures of Political Culture: Explaining Participation and Policy Attitudes in Illinois

To date, there has been little persuasive validation of Elazar's concept ofpolitical subcultures as it applies to mass publics. This study represents an attempt to establish an agenda for future research utilizing this popularformulation of the relationship between the citizen and government. A statewide sample of 805 residents of Illinois was given agree-disagree statements representing Elazar's individualistic, moralistic, and traditionalistic subcultures. The data are used to explore three basic research questions: Do individuals discriminate themselves along the political subculture dimensions suggested by Elazar? Can region of residence, religion, or ethnicity be used as surrogatesfor individual level political culture? And, can political culture, measured directly at the individual level, add significant independent explanation of political behavior and opinions beyond that of socioeconomic characteristics ?
Lattice-Boltzmann Simulations of Carbonate Systems

Carbonate bedrocks encompass a vast range of primary porosities and permeabilities, which are further modified by the addition of secondary porosities as a result of fissure, fracture, and conduit development. The wide variety of primary and initial secondary porosities found in carbonates further complicate the already difficult task of modeling speleogenic processes. Understanding carbonate dissolution requires consideration of the aqueous speciation of a host of chemical elements (e.g., H, O, C, Ca, Mg, and S). It also requires simultaneous solution for the complex, typically non-Darcian, flow field over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales as the flow field affects the degree of advection and diffusion of the chemical species to and from the host rock. Lattice-Boltzmann methods are particularly suited to modeling the complex fluid dynamics involved in carbonate dissolution. Lattice-Boltzmann simulations are adept at reproducing complex and changing boundary geometries, as well as turbulent and laminar flows, multiphase-multicomponent flow, and buoyancy-induced convection due to solute and thermal gradients. Here, we present some preliminary numerical models, using lattice-Boltzmann simulations, to reproduce permeability development over a range of length and time scales for two different karst systems: continental Paleozoic systems and modern carbonate platforms.
Adsorption-Induced Surface Stresses of the Water/Quartz Interface: Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Study

Adsorption-induced deformation is expansion or contraction of a solid due to adsorption on its surface. This phenomenon is important for a wide range of applications, from chemomechanical sensors to methane recovery from geological formations. The strain of the solid is driven by the change of the surface stress due to adsorption. Using ab initio molecular dynamics, we calculate the surface stresses for the dry α-quartz surfaces, and investigate how these stresses change when the surfaces are exposed to water. We find that the nonhydroxylated surface shows small and approximately isotropic changes in stress, while the hydroxylated surface, which interacts more strongly with the polar water molecules, shows larger and qualitatively anisotropic (opposite sign in xx and yy) surface stress changes. All of these changes are several times larger than the surface tension of water itself. The anisotropy and possibility of positive surface stress change can explain experimentally observed surface area contraction ...
Whatever it takes.

I was saddened to learn this morning of the death of Dana Reeve from lung cancer. Today was a reminder of what it was like to be a doctor, unable to provide a cure for a young person afflicted with cancer Each loss was a personal one, and served as a reminder of how much we needed to accomplish to prevent those tragic deaths.
Congenital Contractural Arachnodactyly

An infant girl with arachnodactyly and spontaneously resolving contractures who died in cardiac failure is reported from the Paediatric Unit, Northern General Hospital and Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, England.
Incorporating topological information for predicting robust cancer subnetwork markers in human protein-protein interaction network

Discovering robust markers for cancer prognosis based on gene expression data is an important yet challenging problem in translational bioinformatics. By integrating additional information in biological pathways or a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, we can find better biomarkers that lead to more accurate and reproducible prognostic predictions. In fact, recent studies have shown that, “modular markers,” that integrate multiple genes with potential interactions can improve disease classification and also provide better understanding of the disease mechanisms. In this work, we propose a novel algorithm for finding robust and effective subnetwork markers that can accurately predict cancer prognosis. To simultaneously discover multiple synergistic subnetwork markers in a human PPI network, we build on our previous work that uses affinity propagation, an efficient clustering algorithm based on a message-passing scheme. Using affinity propagation, we identify potential subnetwork markers that consist of discriminative genes that display coherent expression patterns and whose protein products are closely located on the PPI network. Furthermore, we incorporate the topological information from the PPI network to evaluate the potential of a given set of proteins to be involved in a functional module. Primarily, we adopt widely made assumptions that densely connected subnetworks may likely be potential functional modules and that proteins that are not directly connected but interact with similar sets of other proteins may share similar functionalities. Incorporating topological attributes based on these assumptions can enhance the prediction of potential subnetwork markers. We evaluate the performance of the proposed subnetwork marker identification method by performing classification experiments using multiple independent breast cancer gene expression datasets and PPI networks. We show that our method leads to the discovery of robust subnetwork markers that can improve cancer classification.
Subcellular Localization of Maternal Histone mRNAs and the Control of Histone Synthesis in the Sea Urchin Embryo

Early α-subtype histone synthesis in the sea urchin embryo occurs using stored naturally synthesized mRNA. Embryonic α-subtype histone mRNAs do not appear until the 16-cell stage. We have examined these maternal α histone mRNAs and demonstrate that, unlike the bulk of maternal mRNAs, they are recruited into polysomes and translated after a 90-min to 2-hr delay following fertilization. Using cell fractionation procedures and in situ autoradiography, we further demonstrate that maternal α histone mRNAs are sequestered within the pronucleus of the mature egg. Appearance of α-subtype histone mRNAs in the polysomes of the zygote correlates with the dissociation of the nuclear envelope prior to first cleavage.
Standing ‘bare hands’ against the Syrian regime: the turn to armed resistance and the question of civilian protection

Perhaps the most serious ethical challenge to pacifism is the argument for the necessity of military action to protect civilians from violence. Whether articulated by IR scholars or armed rebels, ...
Altruism or association

Wang and Lu (1) claim to report evidence of a genetic polymorphism of altruistic and nonaltruistic alleles in a natural population of Tibetan ground tits, Pseudopodoces humilis . Their argument assumes that observed heritable variation in altruistic behavior reflects an underlying genetic difference in altruism. However, the authors do not show genetic evidence of an underlying difference, and there is another interpretation of their results. The observed difference in altruism could be the consequence of a genetic difference in the tendency to join groups, because joining groups is a necessary prerequisite to expressing altruism. Thus, the heritable difference may only be in the tendency to … [↵][1]1Email: owen.gilbert{at}gmail.com. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Cannabinoid Mechanisms of Pain Suppression

A large body of literature indicates that cannabinoids suppress behavioral responses to acute and persistent noxious stimulation in animals. This review exax mines neuroanatomical, behavioral, and neurophysiological evidence supporting a role for cannabinoids in suppressing pain at spinal, supraspinal, and peripheral levels. Localization studies employing receptor binding and quantitative autoradiography, immunocytochemistry, and in situ hybridization are reviewed to examine the distribution of cannabinoid receptors at these levels and provide a neuroanatomical framework with which to understand the roles of endogenous cannabinoids in sensory processing. Pharmacological and transgenic approaches that have been used to study cannabinoid antinociceptive mechanisms are described. These studies provide insight into the functional roles of cannabinoid CB1 (CB1R) and CB2 (CB2R) receptor subtypes in cannabinoid antinociceptive mechanisms, as revealed in animal models of acute and persistent pain. The role of endocannabinoids and related fatty acid amides that are implicated in endogenous mechanisms for pain suppression are discussed. Human studies evaluating therapeutic potential of cannabinoid pharmacotherapies in experimental and clinical pain syndromes are evaluated. The potential of exploiting cannabinoid antinociceptive mechanisms in novel pharmacotherapies for pain is discussed.
Persister cells: molecular mechanisms related to antibiotic tolerance.

It is a given that new antibiotics are needed to combat drug-resistant pathogens. However, this is only a part of the need—we actually never had antibiotics capable of eradicating an infection. All pathogens produce a small subpopulation of dormant persister cells that are highly tolerant to killing by antibiotics. Once an antibiotic concentration drops, surviving persisters re-establish the population, causing a relapsing chronic infection. Persisters are especially significant when the pathogen is shielded from the immune system by biofilms, or in sites where the immune components are limited—in the nervous system, the stomach, or inside macrophages.
Rat pleural mesothelial cells adapted to serum-free medium as a model for the study of growth factor effects

Mesothelial cells are the putative progenitors of mesotheliomas and cell lines have been used as tools to study the responses of these cells to various stimuli, including growth factors. The present study was undertaken to develop a rat mesothelial cell line capable of sustained growth under serum-free conditions with the object of avoiding the possible confounding effects of undefined serum components. Responses of mesothelial cells to epidermal growth factor were shown to differ under serum-free versus low-serum culture conditions. In contrast, a cell line, SFM1, adapted to growth in serum-free medium was characterized and found to exhibit responses to growth factors similar to the responses reported for human cell lines. This new line should prove to be a useful model for the study of these cells in vitro.
Replication and Encapsidation of Papillomaviruses in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Improvements in methodologies to recapitulate and study particular biological functions of the papillomavirus life cycle have led to great advances in our knowledge of these viruses. Described in this chapter are techniques that allow low-copy and high-copy replication of full-length human papillomavirus (HPV) genomes, as well as assembly of virus-like particles, in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast). This system has several distinct advantages that make it an attractive complement to the well-established raft-culturing system. First, yeast are inexpensive, rapid, and simple to culture in the lab. Second, they provide an ever-widening array of genetic tools to analyze HPV functions--most recently notable, the yeast open reading frame (ORF)-deletion library. Third, yeast provide a potentially high-efficiency means to produce large quantities of infectious virus in a short time frame. Fourth, assembly of HPV virus in yeast allows encapsidation of mutant genomes, since previous studies have shown that no viral ORF is required for replication of full-length HPV in yeast.
Metabolic Investigations: When and in Whom

There is little outcome-based evidence to guide the metabolic evaluation of stone formers. The existing guidelines are based on the experience and rational thought processes of investigators of stone disease. That stones are highly recurrent is always stressed in offering a rationale for diagnostic evaluation and preventive therapy. Recurrence affects about 30% of patients at 5 years, 50% at 10 years, and 80% at 20 years. Yet even these significant recurrence rates may fail to motivate patients to adhere to lifelong regimens of fluid intake, dietary modification, or medical therapy. Large stones, consequential stones requiring urologic intervention, stones complicated by comorbidities such as heart disease, diabetes, and concomitant urinary tract infections may warrant evaluation and prevention even if they are “first” kidney stones. History taking should focus on activities, diet, occupation, medications, and family history. Twenty-four hour urine collections offer rich data regarding the etiology of stones and provide insight into patients’ metabolism, diet, and habits and allow both dietary and medical therapy to be prescribed based on the individual’s own pathophysiology. Follow-up collections allow the practitioner to determine the effect of therapy and consider further dietary recommendations or changes in medication dosages. Characterizing the cause of hypercalciuria has not been demonstrated to favorably affect the rationale for treatment and has not been tested regarding its ability to produce improved outcomes. It is relatively expensive, time consuming, and inconvenient and is therefore not recommended.
Orgasm Range and Variability in Humans: A Content Analysis

Orgasm frequently occurs from sexual and/or genital stimulation but has been documented outside these contexts and may be better conceptualized as a set of neuropsychological processes. Objective: ...
The Kalman filter on stochastic time scales

Abstract In this paper, we discretize a stochastic linear time-invariant system to a dynamic system on a time scale. We then develop a Kalman filter to estimate the true state for the corresponding system. Here, the measurement-update and time-update equations account for the size of the time step when the time scale is generated randomly. Numerical examples are also provided.
Surviving property: Resistance against urban housing nationalization during the transition to communism (Romania, 1950–1965)

This chapter examines the survival of private property during the early transition to communism in Romania at the intersection of state policies, ideologies, and legal practices. It focuses on petitions contesting urban housing nationalization in the city of Timisoara between 1950 and 1965. I argue that petitions are partially successful acts of microresistance through law that contested the communist regime's concept of private property, played a role in halting further urban housing nationalization, undermined the regime's attempts at building legitimacy through legality, and challenged ideas about legal instrumentalism in a communist system.
Universities and innovation ecosystems: A dynamic capabilities perspective

Universities play an important role in innovation ecosystems. In addition to developing human capital and advancing technology, they are increasingly expected to participate as economic development partners with industry and local, state, and national governments. Models such as the “Triple Helix” have been advanced to frame the assessment of interactions among academia, industry, and governments that may foster economic development. Such models highlight the boundary-spanning roles of universities and provide a predetermined list of actions universities could take to strengthen their ecosystem. Unfortunately, the flexible and entrepreneurial management of universities required to make this model work has virtually been ignored in the academic literature. We propose the dynamic capabilities framework to guide how universities might manage their innovation ecosystems. We use this framework to analyze the role of the university throughout the ecosystem lifecycle. These concepts are then illustrated with three case studies of universities that have engaged with partners in local economies to launch new industries, fostering entrepreneurship, and revitalize neighborhoods.
Pathologic Correlation of Cellular Imaging Using Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Quantification in Patients with Brain Metastases After Gamma Knife Radiosurgery

Objective To evaluate the role of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in differentiating radiation necrosis (RN) from recurrent tumor after Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) for brain metastases (BMs). Methods Forty-one patients with BM who underwent surgical intervention after GKRS at Cleveland Clinic (2006–2017) were included in this retrospective study. The ADC values of the growing lesions and the contralateral hemisphere were calculated using picture archiving and communication system. These values were correlated to the percentage of RN identified on pathologic evaluation of the surgical specimen. Results The median age of the patients was 59 years (range, 25–86 years), and lung cancer (63.4%) was the most common malignancy. Median initial (pre-GKRS) target volume of the lesions was 5.4 cc (range, 0.135–45.6 cc), and median GKRS dose was 18.0 Gy. Surgical resection or biopsy was performed at a median of 176 days after GKRS. Two variables were statistically significant predictors of predominate RN (75%–100%) in the surgical specimen: 1) ADC of the lesion on the preresection magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 2) initial pre-GKRS target volume. ADC >1.5 × 10−3 mm2/s within the lesion on MRI predicted significant RN on pathologic evaluation of the lesion (P 10 cc), the risk of identifying significant necrosis in the pathologic specimen was elevated (P Conclusions Our data suggest that the combination of lesion ADC on MRI prior to surgical intervention and the initial target volume can predict RN with reasonable accuracy.
Association between gambling and self-harm: a scoping review

We conducted a scoping review to map existing research of the potential link between gambling and self-harm. Materials and methods: We searched eight electronic databases and retrieved 190 studies ...
A qualitative examination of coparenting among foster parent dyads.

Abstract Coparenting is well established as important for parental, child, and family outcomes among those who are not involved in the child welfare system; however, limited research has examined coparenting among foster parents. This study examined how foster parents worked together to parent foster children, how they described their roles and involvement with their foster children, how fostering impacted their coparenting and couple relationship, and their experiences and needs of working together with and within the foster care system. Ten foster parents couples from different locations across the United States were recruited using a non-random purposive sample. Grounded theory analysis led to the generation of four overarching themes: (a) foster parent roles; (b) the conditions and challenges of foster parenting; (c) adjustment as a coparental team; and (d) individual and family functioning within the foster home. Results highlight that the coparental relationship was not overtly recognized as a foremost concern of foster parents; however, participants described the coparental relationship as a system that was crucial for making adjustments to the challenges and conditions of fostering while providing a stable environment for children. Implications for future research on factors associated with coparenting among foster parents and the need to enhance support to foster parents are discussed.
The separation and identification of synthetic cathinones by portable low microflow liquid chromatography with dual capillary columns in series and dual wavelength ultraviolet detection

This study ascertained the viability of a portable liquid chromatograph, operating at low microliter per minute flow, for the analysis of seized drugs at remote sites as well as in laboratory settings. Synthetic cathinones were screened using dual capillary columns in series, C8 and biphenyl, with on-column ultraviolet detection at 255 and 275 nm. The relative retention times of the two columns in series and their peak area absorbance ratio were used to determine if the 16 synthetic cathinones investigated could be uniquely identified in these conditions. Based on these parameters all of the analytes could be distinguished. Representative mixtures of synthetic cathinones were used to determine the repeatability, linearity, and limits of detection of the method. This cost effective and green instrumentation has the potential to satisfy minimum international guidelines for the analysis of seized drugs.
Prostatic Artery Embolization in Refractory Hematuria of Prostatic Origin

Hematuria of prostatic origin has multiple etiologies including benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), iatrogenic urological trauma, prostate cancer, and radiation therapy. Hematuria secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia can occur because of the increased vascularity of the primary gland, itself, or because of the vascular re-growth following a transurethral resection of the prostate. Prostatic hematuria usually resolves with conservative measures; however, refractory hematuria of prostatic origin may require hospitalization with treatment with blood transfusions, repeated indwelling urinary catheterization, and continuous bladder irrigation. Prostate artery embolization is an emerging minimally invasive procedural therapy for men with BPH that was originally utilized for the treatment of refractory hematuria of prostatic origin . This article aims to summarize the currently available evidence around prostate artery embolization for the treatment of refractory hematuria of prostatic origin.
Brief communication: A departmental "command center" to facilitate staff safety and patient care during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic.

During the initial peak of the COVID-19 crisis, for the approximately 6 weeks beginning on April 8, 2020 and continuing through mid-May 2020, our academic radiology department shifted all nonprocedural operations to a "Command Center" model. This intervention was designed to maximize faculty and resident safety while continuing to provide prompt radiology care to our patients and support to front-line clinicians. During this time most of our radiology faculty and residents worked remotely. The five on-site residents were stationed together in a single large reading room where they worked as generalists, supervised by remote faculty. This room became the hub of all clinical communications. This brief report describes this experience, reviewing what was done and what was learned.
Gene expression profiling (GEP) to identify metabolic gene signature predictive of recurrence after surgery in stage III clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC).

355Background: Management of patients with localized or locally advanced renal cell cancer (RCC) involves surgical resection. However, 20-40% of all localized kidney cancer patients experience a re...
Don't Get Yourself into Trouble! Risk-aware Decision-Making for Autonomous Vehicles.

Risk is traditionally described as the expected likelihood of an undesirable outcome, such as collisions for autonomous vehicles. Accurately predicting risk or potentially risky situations is critical for the safe operation of autonomous vehicles. In our previous work, we showed that risk could be characterized by two components: 1) the probability of an undesirable outcome and 2) an estimate of how undesirable the outcome is (loss). This paper is an extension to our previous work. In this paper, using our trained deep reinforcement learning model for navigating around crowds, we developed a risk-based decision-making framework for the autonomous vehicle that integrates the high-level risk-based path planning with the reinforcement learning-based low-level control. We evaluated our method in a high-fidelity simulation such as CARLA. This work can improve safety by allowing an autonomous vehicle to one day avoid and react to risky situations.
Examining the generality and specificity of gender moderation in obsessive compulsive beliefs: Stacked prediction by correspondence analysis.

OBJECTIVES In this study, we examined the degree of generality and specificity of OC beliefs are moderated by gender among individuals with OC disorders. METHODS The diagnostic groups consisted of: (1) individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD; N = 398); (2) individuals with other anxiety disorders (N = 104); and (3) undergraduate students (N = 285). To evaluate the gender moderating effect, we employed stacked prediction by correspondence analysis (CA). To conduct the analysis, we generated a two-way contingency table with rows of gender nested within the diagnostic groups and columns of OC beliefs stacked to OC symptom severity. To conduct prediction by CA of this stacked table, we considered OC beliefs as predictors and OC symptoms as outcomes. RESULTS We confirmed with the CA results that OC belief generality, but not specificity because the OCD group members did show higher endorsement of OC beliefs compared to individuals with other anxiety disorders. Gender moderated the OC related beliefs of overestimation of threat, inflated responsibility, and intolerance of uncertainty, but not perfectionism in predicting OC symptoms. The correlational results obtained from the stacked prediction by CA further showed that as depression and anxiety increased, endorsement of OC beliefs was stronger for males than females. DISCUSSION Clinical implications and future directions are discussed. PRACTITIONER POINTS OC belief generality was evident in the study but not specificity. Gender moderation was demonstrated in overestimation of threat, inflated responsibility, and intolerance of uncertainty. As depression and anxiety increased, endorsement of OC beliefs was stronger for males than females.
Maternal Power Assertive Discipline and Children’s Adjustment in High-Risk Families: A Social Domain Theory Approach

The goal of the present study was to examine associations between maternal use of power assertive parenting across different discipline contexts and children’s adjustment in a sample of low-income, racially diverse families. Drawing from social domain perspectives on parenting, we specifically examined discipline in response to child transgressions in conventional, moral, and prudential contexts. In turn, we tested how power assertive discipline within these domains may be differentially linked to children’s externalizing and internalizing symptomatology over time. Participants included 201 toddlers and their mothers who were assessed across two waves spaced two years apart. Results indicated that mothers were more likely to endorse power assertive parenting within prudential contexts compared to others. Longitudinal analyses revealed that power assertive discipline in the conventional domain was primarily associated with internalizing symptoms while the moral domain was associated with externalizing symptoms over time. Moreover, domains of caregiving were differentially associated with substantive constructs as opposed to sociodemographic constructs. The results are interpreted within social domain conceptualizations of socialization that underscore how distinct domains may differentially impact children’s socio-emotional adjustment.
Abstract W MP83: Use of Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter in Emergency Department to Predict Stroke Outcome

Introduction: Elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) reflects long-term neurologic deficit and death in patients with stroke. Deterioration in neurologic exam is an early indicator of increasing ICP, however has limitations enabling accurate detection of elevated ICP due to confounding factors including fluctuations in mental status and sedation/ paralysis as part of the acute management. Optic ultrasound (OUS) represents a non-invasive technique that can be used to measure the optic nerve sheath dimension providing valuable ICP monitoring data. Hypothesis: Optic ultrasound (OUS) can measure optic nerve sheath size and may be used as a screening tool to identify patients at risk of mortality from increased ICP. Methods: In a prospective convenience sample study, 86 stroke patients were studied at a tertiary care center. On the day of admission and following day, bedside OUS was performed to measure Optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD). A longitudinal and transverse measurement were taken on both eyes of each ...
On the Pseudo-Periods of the Weierstrass Zeta Functions II*

In a recent note bearing the same title (SIAM Journ. of Numerical Analysis, Vol. 3, 1966), I showed that there existed Weierstrass zeta functions having a vanishing pseudo-period. Cf. line 8, p. 376 of Saks-Zygmund, Analytic Functions. Professor Peter Henrici kindly pointed out to me that the mere existence of a Weierstrass zeta function with a vanishing pseudo-period was readily concluded from a classical formula of the theory of elliptic functions (Hurwitz-Courant, Funktionentheorie, 5th ed., p. 210) which reduces the question to the study of the zeros of
Formation of Feshbach molecules in the presence of artificial spin-orbit coupling and Zeeman fields

We derive general conditions for the emergence of singlet Feshbach molecules in the presence of artificial Zeeman fields for arbitrary mixtures of Rashba and Dresselhaus spin-orbit coupling in two or three dimensions. We focus on the formation of two-particle bound states resulting from interactions between ultracold $\text{spin-}1/2$ fermions, under the assumption that interactions are short ranged and occur only in the $s\text{-wave}$ channel. In this case, we calculate explicitly binding energies of Feshbach molecules and bound-state energy thresholds and analyze their dependence on spin-orbit couplings, Zeeman fields, interactions, and center-of-mass momentum, paying particular attention to the experimentally relevant case of spin-orbit couplings with equal Rashba and Dresselhaus (ERD) amplitudes.
Real Estate Investment Acquisition Rules For Reits A Survey

Real estate comprises the major wealth of the United States as well as the world and institutional investors (life insurance companies, pension funds and real estate investment trusts (REITs)) have...
AN ANALYSIS OF THE SYSTEM EFFECTS IN WOVEN FABRICS UNDER BALLISTIC IMPACT

Following a brief review of prior work on fabric-based armor systems, the system effects that occur during the ballistic impact of woven fabric body armor materials are discussed from a conceptual ...