cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Gene Expression Factor Analysis to Differentiate Pathways Linked to Fibromyalgia, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, and Depression in a Diverse Patient Sample.

Objective To determine if independent candidate genes can be grouped into meaningful biologic factors, and whether these factors are associated with the diagnosis of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS), while controlling for comorbid depression, sex, and age. Methods We included leukocyte messenger RNA gene expression from a total of 261 individuals, including healthy controls (n = 61), patients with FMS only (n = 15), with CFS only (n = 33), with comorbid CFS and FMS (n = 79), and with medication-resistant (n = 42) or medication-responsive (n = 31) depression. We used exploratory factor analysis (EFA) on 34 candidate genes to determine factor scores and regression analysis to examine whether these factors were associated with specific diagnoses. Results EFA resulted in 4 independent factors with minimal overlap of genes between factors, explaining 51% of the variance. We labeled these factors by function as 1) purinergic and cellular modulators, 2) neuronal growth and immune function, 3) nociception and stress mediators, and 4) energy and mitochondrial function. Regression analysis predicting these biologic factors using FMS, CFS, depression severity, age, and sex revealed that greater expression in factors 1 and 3 was positively associated with CFS and negatively associated with depression severity (Quick Inventory for Depression Symptomatology score), but not associated with FMS. Conclusion Expression of candidate genes can be grouped into meaningful clusters, and CFS and depression are associated with the same 2 clusters, but in opposite directions, when controlling for comorbid FMS. Given high comorbid disease and interrelationships between biomarkers, EFA may help determine patient subgroups in this population based on gene expression.
Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Related Characteristics in Obese Adolescents with and without Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Context: Adults with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) may be at increased risk for metabolic syndrome (MBS) and related cardiovascular disease. It is not clear whether PCOS diagnosed in adolescence increases the risk of MBS in this age group. Objective: The aim was to compare the prevalence and related characteristics of MBS in obese adolescents with and without PCOS. Design: We conducted a cross-sectional study of overweight and obese PCOS adolescents and BMI matched controls. Patients and Participants: A total of 74 subjects, 43 with PCOS and 31 controls, participated in the study. Interventions: Each subject underwent a physical examination and laboratory evaluation for a diagnosis of MBS. Regional fat distribution was determined by computerized tomography scan in the PCOS adolescents. Main Outcome Measures: We measured the prevalence of MBS and its components in adolescent subjects and controls. Results: The PCOS group had larger ovarian volume and higher measures of total testosterone and free androgen index than controls, but there were no differences in waist circumference, fasting glucose, blood pressure, or lipids. PCOS adolescents demonstrated more glucose abnormalities and higher plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. By pediatric criteria, 53% of the PCOS and 55% of the control adolescents had MBS. By adult criteria, 26% of PCOS and 29% of controls met diagnostic criteria for MBS. Conclusions: Obese adolescent women have a high prevalence of MBS, and PCOS does not add additional risk for MBS. There appears to be an association between MBS and visceral adiposity. PCOS is associated with increased incidence of glucose intolerance and increased plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. Our results reinforce the importance of obesity counseling in adolescents to recognize the possible risk of future cardiovascular disease in these young women.
Elderly women with larger social networks are less likely to develop dementia

ED FROM Crooks VC, Lubben J, Petitti DB, et al. Social network, cognitive function, and dementia incidence among elderly women. Am J Public Health 2008;98:1221–7. Correspondence to: Valerie C Crooks, Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, 100 S Los Robles, 2nd Floor, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA; valerie.c.crooks@kp.org Source of funding: National Institute on Aging. C O M M EN TA R Y R ecent longitudinal research suggests that social and emotional isolation in old age increase the risk of cognitive decline and dementia. The study by Crooks and colleagues showing an association between one’s social network and subsequent risk of developing dementia is a good example of this work. Importantly, social network was measured with two questions about its size (ie, number of friends, relatives seen or heard from at least monthly) and four questions about perceived supportiveness and trustworthiness of others. Studies that have defined social networks solely by their size have had inconsistent results whereas studies, such as the present one, that have included data about perceived quality of relationships have generally found an association with dementia. Thus it is not simply the number of people with whom we maintain regular contact but also (and perhaps more so) the quality of the underlying relationships that is critical. A novel feature of this study is that almost all data collection was done by telephone, including cognitive testing and structured informant interview in the event of cognitive impairment. The results provide further evidence that clinical assessment by telephone is a valid and cost effective alternative to in person assessment. The basis of the association between social network size and dementia is uncertain. A recent clinical–pathological study found that network size was not related to measures of Alzheimer’s disease pathology but modified the relation of pathology, especially neurofibrillary tangles, to cognition. Thus the processes involved in developing and maintaining a large social network may somehow help the brain to better tolerate the accumulation of age related neurodegenerative changes. Understanding the neurobiological mechanisms linking factors such as social network size to risk of dementia may suggest novel strategies for delaying age related loss of cognition function. Robert S Wilson, PhD Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA Competing interests: None. 1. Fratigliani L, Paillard-Borg S, Winblad B. An active and socially integrated lifestyle in late life might protect against dementia. Lancet Neurol 2000;3: 343–53. 2. Bennett DA, Schneider JA, Tang Y, et al. The effect of social networks on the relation between Alzheimer’s disease pathology and level of cognitive function in old people: a longitudinal cohort study. Lancet Neurol 2006;5:406–12. Aetiology 22 EBMH February 2009 Vol 12 No 1 on 4 July 2009 ebmh.bmj.com Downloaded from
A Role for an Hsp70 Nucleotide Exchange Factor in the Regulation of Synaptic Vesicle Endocytosis

Neurotransmission requires a continuously available pool of synaptic vesicles (SVs) that can fuse with the plasma membrane and release their neurotransmitter contents upon stimulation. After fusion, SV membranes and membrane proteins are retrieved from the presynaptic plasma membrane by clathrin-mediated endocytosis. After the internalization of a clathrin-coated vesicle, the vesicle must uncoat to replenish the pool of SVs. Clathrin-coated vesicle uncoating requires ATP and is mediated by the ubiquitous molecular chaperone Hsc70. In vitro, depolymerized clathrin forms a stable complex with Hsc70*ADP. This complex can be dissociated by nucleotide exchange factors (NEFs) that release ADP from Hsc70, allowing ATP to bind and induce disruption of the clathrin:Hsc70 association. Whether NEFs generally play similar roles in vesicle trafficking in vivo and whether they play such roles in SV endocytosis in particular is unknown. To address this question, we used information from recent structural and mechanistic studies of Hsp70:NEF and Hsp70:co-chaperone interactions to design a NEF inhibitor. Using acute perturbations at giant reticulospinal synapses of the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus), we found that this NEF inhibitor inhibited SV endocytosis. When this inhibitor was mutated so that it could no longer bind and inhibit Hsp110 (a NEF that we find to be highly abundant in brain cytosol), its ability to inhibit SV endocytosis was eliminated. These observations indicate that the action of a NEF, most likely Hsp110, is normally required during SV trafficking to release clathrin from Hsc70 and make it available for additional rounds of endocytosis.
A Digital Recording Field System for Geomagnetic-Telluric-Array Studies

Geomagnetic-array studies in the westem United States have identified a number of geomagnetic induction anomalies that are associated with regions of enhanced geothermal heat flow. In 1974, the U. S. Geological Survey began development of geomagnetic-array instrumentation in order to investigate the sources of these geomagnetic induction anomalies in greater detail. The instruments used in these arrays are capable of digital data acquisition, which facilitate handling of the large volumes of data gathered in a geomagnetic-array study, and have a magnetotelluric capability for depth control in the interpretation of such studies. Geomagnetic variations recorded during field studies in central New Mexico illustrate a case of anomalous induction caused by a lateral variation in the conductivity of the earth's crust.
Neurologic Complications of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation

Background and PurposezzThe rate and outcomes of neurologic complications of patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) are poorly understood. The pur pose of this study was to identify these parameters in ECMO patients. MethodszzAll patients receiving ECMO were selected from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample between 2001–2011. The rate and outcomes of neurologic complications [acute ischemic stroke, intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), and seizures] among these patients was determined. Discharge status, mortality, length of stay, and hospitalization costs were compared between patients with and without neurologic complications using chi-squared tests for categorical variables and Student’s t-test for continuous variables. ResultszzIn total, 23,951 patients were included in this study, of which 2,604 (10.9%) suffered neurologic complications of seizure (4.1%), stroke (4.1%), or ICH (3.6%). When compared to patients without neurologic complications, acute ischemic stroke patients had significantly higher rates of discharge to a long-term facility (12.2% vs. 6.8%, p<0.0001) and a significantly longer mean length of stay (41.6 days vs. 31.9 days, p<0.0001). ICH patients had significantly higher rates of discharge to a long-term facility (9.5% vs. 6.8%, p=0.007), significantly higher mortality rates (59.7% vs. 50.0%, p<0.0001), and a significantly longer mean length of stay (41.8 days vs. 31.9 days) compared to patients without neurologic complications. These outcomes did not differ significantly between seizure patients and patients without neurologic complications.
Intermittent faults in aircraft electric systems

IN most electric systems in military aircraft, a grounded installation is used, that is, the conducting parts of the plane structure form the electrical return path to the generator. The cables may be bundled and secured to the plane structure for support with the cable insulation preventing metal-to-metal contact. In an installation of this kind, contact between an energized cable and the plane structure with current flowing through this junction constitutes an electrical fault.
The Fluidity of Judicial Coalitions in the Supreme Courts of the United States and Indiana

We propose an index that measures the relative degree of coalition voting by Justices on different supreme courts in tightly split opinions, an index of fluidity of judicial coalitions. We compute the index for the 1946 to 2014 period of the U.S. Supreme Court and one period of the Indiana Supreme Court and discuss the results.
Fluxed and deposition rates of solutes in growing roots of Zea mays

The equations and experimental methods are reviewed for calculating solute deposition rates and fluxes in growing parts of roots. Then the expression for the growth-sustaining sucrose flux in the meristem is presented and evaluated to show the sucrose flux required to produce the empirically observed biomass deposition rate in primary maize roots. Two independent methods (one based on dye transport measurements and the second based on Stokes radii) are used to estimate the symplasmic conductivity for diffusion. The concentration gradients required to drive a growth-sustaining symplasmic diffusion of sucrose are found to be physiologically unreasonable
Universal microfluidic automaton for autonomous sample processing: application to the Mars Organic Analyzer.

A fully integrated multilayer microfluidic chemical analyzer for automated sample processing and labeling, as well as analysis using capillary zone electrophoresis is developed and characterized. Using lifting gate microfluidic control valve technology, a microfluidic automaton consisting of a two-dimensional microvalve cellular array is fabricated with soft lithography in a format that enables facile integration with a microfluidic capillary electrophoresis device. The programmable sample processor performs precise mixing, metering, and routing operations that can be combined to achieve automation of complex and diverse assay protocols. Sample labeling protocols for amino acid, aldehyde/ketone and carboxylic acid analysis are performed automatically followed by automated transfer and analysis by the integrated microfluidic capillary electrophoresis chip. Equivalent performance to off-chip sample processing is demonstrated for each compound class; the automated analysis resulted in a limit of detection of...
Aerodynamics for the Mars Phoenix Entry Capsule

Pre-flight aerodynamics data for the Mars Phoenix entry capsule are presented. The aerodynamic coefficients were generated as a function of total angle-of-attack and either Knudsen number, velocity, or Mach number, depending on the flight regime. The database was constructed using continuum flowfield computations and data from the Mars Exploration Rover and Viking programs. Hypersonic and supersonic static coefficients were derived from Navier-Stokes solutions on a pre-flight design trajectory. High-altitude data (free-molecular and transitional regimes) and dynamic pitch damping characteristics were taken from Mars Exploration Rover analysis and testing. Transonic static coefficients from Viking wind tunnel tests were used for capsule aerodynamics under the parachute. Static instabilities were predicted at two points along the reference trajectory and were verified by reconstructed flight data. During the hypersonic instability, the capsule was predicted to trim at angles as high as 2.5 deg with an on-axis center-of-gravity. Trim angles were predicted for off-nominal pitching moment (4.2 deg peak) and a 5 mm off-axis center-ofgravity (4.8 deg peak). Finally, hypersonic static coefficient sensitivities to atmospheric density were predicted to be within uncertainty bounds.
Ionic liquid-doped polyaniline and its redox activities in the zwitterionic biological buffer MOPS

Abstract The electropolymerization of aniline in several common imidazolium-based ionic liquids has been accomplished successfully with the potentiodynamic method. Considering the fact that imidazolium-based ionic liquids are acidic, they have been selected as the electrolyte for the electropolymerization of aniline, eliminating the usage of extra inorganic or organic acids. The ionic liquids not only serve as the reaction media, exerting the unique favorable π-π interactions between the imidazolium rings and benzene rings of aniline monomer or the growing polymer, but also act as the dopants to render different properties to the resulting polyaniline. Among the tested imidazolium-based ionic liquids, [BMIM][BF4], [BMIM][PF6], [BMIM][NTf2], [EMIM][ES] and [HMIM][FAP], polyaniline doped by the hydrophilic ionic liquid [BMIM][BF4] displays the good electrochemical responses in the biologically important MOPS (3-(N-Morpholino)-propanesulfonic acid) solution with 2.34 × 10−3 M of sulfuric acid additive. NMR, UV–vis and electrochemical impedance experiments were performed to further characterize the polyaniline/[BMIM][BF4] composite. In contrast, polyaniline that is doped by the hydrophobic ionic liquid [BMIM][PF6] is electroactive in the MOPS solution in the absence of the acid additive, with a pH of 5, extending the working pH range of polyaniline, which is typically electroactive in the solutions with the pH values less than 3. It is suggested that the effective hydrogen bonding interactions between BF4 anion and water facilitate its hydrolysis in the microenvironment of the polymer backbone to provide the acidic protons, which are beneficial to the adjustment of the microenvironments of the polyaniline system and thus renders its observed well-resolved reversible pair of redox peaks in the MOPS solution. PF6 anion, on the other hand, with its larger size and less basicity, has the weaker interaction with water, thus releasing the protons in a relatively slow manner, which gives some “buffer” capacities and rendering the [BMIM][PF6]-doped polyaniline electroactive in the pH 5 of MOPS solution without the acid additive.
An infinite product expansion for the square root function

(1990). An Infinite Product Expansion for the Square Root Function. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 97, No. 9, pp. 836-839.
Effect of Thiazide Drugs on Renovascular Hypertension in Contrast to Their Effect on Essential Hypertension.

SummaryArterial hypertension was produced in a group of rats by narrowing one renal artery. These hypertensive rats ingested large doses of a thiazide drug for a period of five weeks. During this period, the drug was completely ineffective for lowering arterial pressure. This is in striking contrast to the great effectiveness of thiazide drugs in alleviating essential hypertension in man. This contrast may point out a fundamental difference in the pathogenesis of these 2 types of hypertension. Moreover, this observation might prove to be clinically useful; hypertensive patients who get a good response to thiazide drugs alone would be more likely to have essential hypertension rather than renovascular hypertension. The inability of the thiazide drugs to alleviate renovascular hypertension in the rat is paralleled by a similar ineffectiveness of the low sodium diet.
Enhanced buried UXO detection via GPR/EMI data fusion

This paper investigates the enhancements to detection of buried unexploded ordinances achieved by combining ground penetrating radar (GPR) data with electromagnetic induction (EMI) data. Novel features from both the GPR and the EMI sensors are concatenated as a long feature vector, on which a non-parametric classifier is then trained. The classifier is a boosting classifier based on tree classifiers, which allows for disparate feature values. The fusion algorithm was applied to a government-provided dataset from an outdoor testing site, and significant performance enhancements were obtained relative to classifiers trained solely on the GPR or EMI data. It is shown that the performance enhancements come from a combination of improvements in detection and in clutter rejection.
Measurements of Thoron Concentration and Dose Assessment

Objective To probe the levels of thoron and radon concentrations in dwellings, and to evaluate the effective dose caused by the inhalation of thoron progeny.Methods A new type of passive integrating cup monitors was developed by using a 50 mm radius stainless steel hemisphere to measure indoor radon and thoron concentrations. Results The thoron concentrations are rather high in the dwellings with soil wall, and the mean thoron concentration was 160± 12Bq·m-3. Conclusions The public exposure from the inhalation of thoron progeny may be high enough to pay affention for human health.
73 HYPERTENSION-INDUCED CONTRACTILE DYSFUNCTION, LEFT VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY, AND DOWN-REGULATION OF MITOCHONDRIAL METABOLIC ENZYME ACTIVITY ARE ATTENUATED BY HIGH-FAT/LOW-CARBOHYDRATE FEEDING.

Cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure are characterized by increased expression of atria natriuretic peptide (ANP), a decrease in the activity of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) enzymes, impaired mitochondrial respiration, and LV remodeling and systolic dysfunction. Fatty acids up-regulates the expression of FAO enzymes via activation of peroxisomal proliferator activator receptors. We hypothesized that a high-fat diet would prevent down-regulation of FAO enzymes activity and slow development of cardiac dysfunction in a model of hypertension-induced hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Three groups ( n = 10) of 11-week-old male Dahl salt-sensitive rats were fed (1) low-fat/low-salt rodent chow (10% calories from fat) (LF-LS), (2) low-fat/high-salt chow (6% NaCl) (LF-HS), or a high-fat/high-salt diet (60% calories from fat, 6% NaCl) (HF-HS) for 12 weeks. Tail cuff blood pressure and echocardiographic assessment of LV dimensions and function were performed before initiation of diets and after 11 weeks on diets. Myocardial activities of citrate synthase (CS) and medium chain acyl dehydrogenase (MCAD) activities were measured, and the mRNA expressions for ANP was measured. Results There were no differences in body weight among groups. Salt feeding caused similar elevations in systolic blood pressure in LF-HS and HF-HS groups (
MO-DE-207B-01: JACK FOWLER JUNIOR INVESTIGATOR COMPETITION WINNER: Between Somatic Mutations and PET-Based Radiomic Features in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Purpose: Although PET-based radiomic features have been proposed to quantify tumor heterogeneity and shown promise in outcome prediction, little is known about their relationship with tumor genetics. This study assessed the association of [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET-based radiomic features with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) mutations. Methods: 348 NSCLC patients underwent FDG-PET/CT scans before treatment and were tested for genetic mutations. 13% (44/348) and 28% (96/348) patients were found to harbor EGFR (EGFR+) and KRAS (KRAS+) mutations, respectively. We evaluated nineteen PET-based radiomic features quantifying phenotypic traits, and compared them with conventional PET features (metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and maximum-SUV). The association between the feature values and mutation status was evaluated using the Wilcoxcon-rank-sum-test. The ability of each measure to predict mutations was assessed by the area under the receiver operating curve (AUC). Noether’s test was used to determine if the AUCs were significantly from random (AUC=0.50). All p-values were corrected for multiple testing by controlling the false discovery rate (FDRWilcoxon and FDRNoether) of 10%. Results: Eight radiomic features, MTV, and maximum-SUV, were significantly associated with the EGFR mutation (FDRWilcoxon=0.01–0.10). However, KRAS+ demonstrated no significantly distinctive imaging features compared to KRAS− (FDRWilcoxon≥0.92). EGFR+ and EGFR− were significantly discriminated by conventional PET features (AUC=0.61, FDRNoether=0.04 for MTV and AUC=0.64, FDRNoether=0.01 for maximum-SUV). Eight radiomic features were significantly predictive for EGFR+ compared to EGFR− (AUC=0.59–0.67, FDRNoether=0.0032–0.09). Normalized-inverse-difference-moment outperformed all features in predicting EGFR mutation (AUC=0.67, FDRNoether=0.0032). Moreover, only the radiomic feature normalized-inverse-difference-moment could significantly predict KRAS+ from EGFR+ (AUC=0.65, FDRNoether=0.05). All measures failed to predict KRAS+ from KRAS− (AUC=0.50–0.54, FDRNoether≥0.92). Conclusion: PET imaging features were strongly associated with EGFR mutations in NSCLC. Radiomic features have great potential in predicting EGFR mutations. Our study may help develop a non-invasive imaging biomarker for EGFR mutation. R.M. has consulting interests with Amgen
Hospital and community join in diabetic education program.

(1969). Hospital and community join in diabetic education program. Hospital Topics: Vol. 47, No. 9, pp. 38-40.
DICOM Applications: Usual and Not

Sure enough, DICOM is all about digital imaging in medicine, and PACS is all about DICOM. But in addition to PACS, there is a whole world of DICOM-driven applications out there, and it is definitely worth looking at. I randomly picked a few for this chapter, just to give you an idea of their variety.
Gender and Russian Health Care, 1880–1905: Professionalism and Practice

This chapter will provide the pre-revolutionary context for the Soviet health system as it relates to women in the healing professions. By 1902, 64 percent of the feldshers in Moscow were women, by 1905 there were more than 10,000 practicing, trained female midwives, and by 1910 more than 6 percent of Russia’s physicians were female (the highest percentage in Europe). Additionally women practiced as dentists, pharmacists, and nurses. The chapter will begin with a brief historiography of academic work about Russian women in health care professions. It will provide a brief summary of the history of the varieties of opportunities for women in the health care professions, including Russian Sisters of Mercy, feldshers, midwives, and doctors. The chapter will attempt to analyze the variety of women’s roles in health care professions as well as examine the ways in which women’s entry into the health care professions coincided with a larger debate about professionalism and the “woman question” in late nineteenth century Russia. Finally the chapter will examine the ways in which women’s practice of medicine and health care affected the profession itself. The chapter will endeavor to engage with other chapters on nursing and gender and particularly with the chapter on Irish women in medicine.
Cystic Adenoma of the Pigmented Ciliary Epithelium: Clinical, Pathologic, and Immunohistopathologic Findings

A 51-year-old white man was found to have a deeply pigmented mass in the ciliary body and peripheral choroid of his right eye with an associated vitreous hemorrhage. Although the tumor appeared to be a ciliochoroidal melanoma, a melanocytoma and adenoma of the pigment epithelium also were considered in the differential diagnosis. The tumor was removed by a large partial lamellar sclerocyclochoroidectomy. Results of histopathologic evaluation showed a cystic adenoma of the pigmented ciliary epithelium. To the authors' knowledge, this was the first immunohistopathologic study of this tumor. Results of the study showed marked immunoreactivity for low molecular weight cytokeratins, vimentin, and S-100 protein. These immunohistochemical studies are consistent with the origin of this tumor from pigment epithelial cells.
Students’ Use of Optional Online Reviews and Its Relationship to Summative Assessment Outcomes in Introductory Biology

Retrieval practice has been shown to produce significant enhancements in student learning of course information, but the extent to which students make use of retrieval to learn information on their own is unclear. In the current study, students in a large introductory biology course were provided with optional online review questions that could be accessed as Test questions (requiring students to answer the questions before receiving feedback) or as Read questions (providing students with the question and correct answer up-front). Students more often chose to access the questions as Test compared with Read, and students who used the Test questions scored significantly higher on subsequent exams compared with students who used Read questions or did not access the questions at all. Following an in-class presentation of superior exam performance following use of the Test questions, student use of Test questions increased significantly for the remainder of the term. These results suggest that practice questions can be an effective tool for enhancing student achievement in biology and that informing students about performance-based outcomes coincides with increased use of retrieval practice.
Electroreduction of Yttrium Trifluoride in Molten Potassium Chloride

Electroreduction of Y3+ in molten KCl–YF3 is studied at 1053 to 1123 K using a voltammetry method. The discharge of Y3+ to the metal with the attachment of all three electrons proceeds in a single stage (Y3+ + 3e → Y), in the range of mixed kinetics. The diffusion coefficients, activation energy, and transfer coefficients are determined.
William James’s Pragmatic Pluralism and the American University’s Loss of Soul

In his 1992 The Soul of the American University, George Marsden recommends that seriously religious persons should campaign actively for American universities to apply their professions of pluralism more consistently. He appeals to William James’s metaphor of a hotel corridor in order to argue that faith-based scholarship should have a place on that corridor. Through developing Marsden’s discussion of William James, Aho argues that Christian scholars should present their scholarship as offering pragmatic goods as well as pluralistic ones. For example, certain pedagogical practices of Christian scholars can address concerns public institutions universities face. A pragmatically pluralistic account of the goods faith-based scholarship offers can respond to both those opposed to it and those, like the new New Atheists, who merely seek to marginalize it.
Laboratory evolution from social to solitary behavior in the N2 reference strain is unnecessary for its fitness advantages

The standard reference Caenorhabditis elegans strain, N2, has evolved marked behavioral changes since its isolation from the wild 67 years ago. Laboratory-derived variation in two genes, npr-1 and glb-5 , suppress aerotaxis behaviors on food, resulting in N2 animals evolving from social to solitary feeding strategies. We show here that the derived alleles of npr-1 and glb-5 can confer large fitness advantages in standard laboratory conditions, suggesting that the changes in feeding strategies were beneficial to the N2 strain. However, by using environmental manipulations that suppress social behaviors, we showed the fitness advantages of the derived alleles remained unchanged, suggesting selection on these alleles acted through biological traits unrelated to solitary behavior. Transcriptomics analysis, developmental timing assays, and feeding assays showed that N2 animals mature faster, produce more sperm, and eat more food than a strain containing ancestral alleles of these genes (CX12311) regardless of the behavioral strategies. The O 2 -sensing neurons URX, AQR, and PQR and the pheromone biosynthesis and lipid regulating enzyme encoded by daf-22 are necessary for the full fitness advantages. We suggest that changes to social/solitary behavior in N2 were a pleiotropic consequence of npr-1 and glb-5 9s ability to modify integrated O 2 and pheromone neural circuits that regulate feeding rate and reproductive development. Together, our results demonstrate how laboratory evolution can lead to profound changes in strain used as a model by for understanding a variety of fundamental biological processes.
Microwave ac Zeeman force for ultracold atoms

We measure the ac Zeeman force on an ultracold gas of $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ due to a microwave magnetic field targeted to the 6.8 GHz hyperfine splitting of these atoms. An atom chip produces a microwave near field with a strong amplitude gradient, and we observe a force over three times the strength of gravity. Our measurements are consistent with a simple two-level theory for the ac Zeeman effect and demonstrate its resonant, bipolar, and spin-dependent nature. We observe that the dressed-atom eigenstates gradually mix over time and have mapped out this behavior as a function of magnetic field and detuning. We demonstrate the practical spin selectivity of the force by pushing or pulling a specific spin state while leaving other spin states unmoved.
The association between inconsistent handedness and psychopathy does not extend to the domain of moral reasoning.

ABSTRACTA recent study [Shobe, E., & Desimone, K. (2016). Inconsistent handers show higher psychopathy than consistent handers. Laterality: Asymmetries of Body, Brain and Cognition, 21(2), 143–160. doi:10.1080/1357650X.2015.1089879] found an association between inconsistent handedness (the use of one's non-dominant hand for some tasks) and psychopathy. Because this provides evidence for an association between an individual difference and a trait that is perceived negatively, the present study set out to (1) attempt to replicate the finding and (2) determine whether inconsistent handedness and psychopathy predict similar patterns of moral reasoning. An Mturk sample of 344 adults took the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory, the Short Dark Triad Questionnaire, and the Moral Foundations Questionnaire. The finding of a modest association between handedness and psychopathy was replicated. However, handedness and psychopathy predicted totally different response patterns on the Moral Foundations Questionnaire, with p...
Nonlinear Optics with Metamaterials

In all the preceding chapters, we studied the linear properties of optical metamaterials, assuming that the effective electric permittivity e and magnetic permeability μ are independent of the incident light intensity. Indeed, an overwhelming portion of the experimental results on metamaterials reported thus far are exclusively focused on the linear response of metamaterials to external electromagnetic radiation. However, nonlinear effects in metamaterials have become an emerging field of study, particularly among theoretical physicists. A range of nonlinear phenomena in a variety of metamaterials, especially negative-index materials (NIMs), have been theoretically investigated to a considerable extent. The studied topics include general treatments for nonlinear wave propagation and nonlinear Schrodinger equations in NIMs [1, 2], as well as specific nonlinear processes such as second-harmonic generation (SHG) and parametric amplification [3, 4, 5, 6].
The sources young people trust: The credibility ratings of sources of national political news in China

This study sought to determine Chinese young people’s perceptions of the credibility of traditional and online news media as conveyors of national political information. It also examined whether urban and rural residents as well as members and non-members of the Communist Party and/or the Communist Youth League differ in their assessments of the credibility of these two types of information sources. The study also assessed the impact of media platform, place of residence, and Party/League membership on perceptions of source credibility given the intervening influence of exposure and attention to news, political involvement, and attitude toward politics. Data were gathered from an online survey of a non-probability sample of college students in China. The results show that students relied on micro-blogs the most, followed by non-social networking sites, social networking sites, and television. The respondents also rated the online media more credible than their traditional counterparts. Students from rural areas did not differ from urban residents in how they assessed the credibility of both platforms. However, a significant difference was found between Youth League members and non-members and between Party members and non-members in how they rated online media credibility. The preferred media platform, place of residence, and Party/League membership did not significantly influence credibility perceptions after controlling for the influence of exposure and attention to political news, political involvement, and attitude toward politics. Only individual characteristics related to politics, namely political involvement and attitude toward politics, were found to be significant antecedents of online credibility ratings.
Intensive Care of the Neurointerventional Patient

The post-procedure intensive care of neuroinventional patients is integral to patient good outcomes. Neurointerventional patients may present either electively or emergently. In situations, the neurointensivist should be prepared and anticipate patient needs. The “time is brain” principle is highly relevant in the neurointensive care unit, with perioperative complications requiring rapid diagnosis and quick intervention. Communication between physicians taking care of the patient is also key. This chapter summarizes the neurocritical care needs after neurointerventional procedures. These procedures include aneurysm coiling, carotid stenting, intracranial embolization procedures, and acute stroke interventions, among others.
Cataract couching and the goat's eye

At the start of the third century, a story told by Claudius Aelianus, Leonidas of Alexandria and pseudo-Galen held that couching originated when a goat with cataract punctured its eye with a thorn. The significance of this story is unknown. We reviewed Graeco-Roman texts to identify the relevance of the goat to the eye. In the works of Hippocrates, Aristotle and Galen, the goat's eye was an eye with intermediate brightness or colour. A dark brown eye with a black pupil was healthy and required no treatment. A bright glaukos eye, with extensive corneal edema or scarring, was not amenable to couching. An eye with a white cataract behind an undilated pupil would appear to have an intermediate brightness and was potentially amenable to couching. The origin myth probably arose when an instructor explained that couching works best for a goat's eye, that is, an eye with intermediate brightness.
Motivators, Barriers, and Facilitators to Traveling to the Safest Hospitals in the United States for Complex Cancer Surgery.

Importance Directing patients to safer hospitals for complex cancer surgery (regionalization) may prevent thousands of mortalities in the United States. Objective To understand the potential for individuals to move to safer hospitals: what would inspire them to travel (motivators), what challenges would they face (barriers), and what would enable them to travel (facilitators). Design, Setting, and Participants This nationally representative online survey study asked respondents to consider complex cancer surgery at their local hospital or a hospital specializing in cancer an hour farther away. Completed surveys were weighted across sociodemographics to be nationally representative and outcomes were reported as weighted percentages. In January 2018, a panel of 1817 US adults recruited by address- and telephone-based sampling to be nationally representative were invited to take the survey. Data analysis was conducted from January 24, 2018, to September 19, 2018. Main Outcomes and Measures Proportion of respondents motivated to travel by specific quality and safety indicators (motivators), magnitude in difference that would be necessary, proportion facing specific barriers, and proportion enabled to move by facilitators. Resistant individuals were identified as people who would not travel except for the largest (top quartile) outcomes differences. Results There were 1016 completed surveys (response rate of 55.9%). The weighted median age was 48 years, 52% were female, median annual income was between $60 000 and $75 000, and 85% lived in a metropolitan area. Nonresponders were more likely than responders to be female, younger, nonwhite, less educated, and lower income (female: 54.4% vs 48.3%;P = .01; younger [aged Conclusions and Relevance It appears that most of the US public could be motivated to travel to safer hospitals for complex cancer surgery, yet most would require some support to move. Further efforts to ensure that benefits from regionalization are equitable across sociodemographic strata are indicated.
Important Elements in the Quality Improvement Curriculum for Orthopaedic Residents.

Background Orthopaedic residency education requires trainees to participate not only in clinical and research endeavors but also in quality improvement (QI) projects. To our knowledge, little has been published on how to implement a structured QI curriculum as part of an orthopaedic residency program. This article describes a single institution's experience with developing a longitudinal, integrated, and collaborative resident QI curriculum. Methods The Six Sigma DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control) process was taught to residents as a formal curriculum at our institution beginning in 2014. A structured integrated process was developed for residents to work in teams and meet on a monthly basis. Since then, residents have developed multiple QI projects with measured outcomes. Serial surveys have been administered to the residents to collect feedback. Results Seven major QI projects have been implemented by residents since the program's initiation. The resident surveys revealed significant improvement in comfort level with organizing QI projects. Residents also reported being comfortable working in interprofessional teams and incorporating patient safety techniques into clinical practice. Conclusions There are few guidelines that reflect how to initiate a formal QI curriculum in an orthopaedic residency program to promote a standardized and systematic way to approach QI projects. With a structured DMAIC education plan, an emphasis on graded responsibilities within a team setting, and responsiveness to resident feedback, orthopaedic programs can develop an effective QI program to allow residents to learn valuable patient safety practices, which allows residents to have a meaningful and impactful effect on QI initiatives that will serve them well as they enter clinical practice.
Breast cancer prognostic factors in the digital era: Comparison of Nottingham grade using whole slide images and glass slides

Background: To assess reproducibility and accuracy of overall Nottingham grade and component scores using digital whole slide images (WSIs) compared to glass slides. Methods: Two hundred and eight pathologists were randomized to independently interpret 1 of 4 breast biopsy sets using either glass slides or digital WSI. Each set included 5 or 6 invasive carcinomas (22 total invasive cases). Participants interpreted the same biopsy set approximately 9 months later following a second randomization to WSI or glass slides. Nottingham grade, including component scores, was assessed on each interpretation, providing 2045 independent interpretations of grade. Overall grade and component scores were compared between pathologists (interobserver agreement) and for interpretations by the same pathologist (intraobserver agreement). Grade assessments were compared when the format (WSI vs. glass slides) changed or was the same for the two interpretations. Results: Nottingham grade intraobserver agreement was highest using glass slides for both interpretations (73%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 68%, 78%) and slightly lower but not statistically different using digital WSI for both interpretations (68%, 95% CI: 61%, 75%; P= 0.22). The agreement was lowest when the format changed between interpretations (63%, 95% CI: 59%, 68%). Interobserver agreement was significantly higher (P
Professional Presentation Training: Improve the User Experience of your CHI Presentation

Come learn from Bloomberg UX designers how to apply professional design and presentation skills to your CHI presentation to ensure you make the biggest impact on your audience in the limited time and space you have. In part 1 you will learn how to convey your information and message visually: first by finding the key story you are trying to tell and then using principles of visual hierarchy to make that story pop! In part 2 you will learn how to convey your information orally: effectively getting and keeping your audience's attention so they remember your message. http://www.beproatchi.com/
Relationship of Feeding Practices with Sleep Duration on Infant Weight at 12 months

BackgroundInfant feeding practices and sleep duration are closely linked with weight gain. Evaluation of factors that impact infant growth patterns may serve as a predictor for obesity later in lif...
Technical Innovation in Transoral Endoscopic Endocrine Surgery: A Modified "Scarless" Technique.

Abstract Background The transoral endoscopic approach to thyroidectomy aims to eliminate a visible neck incision. Early experience has demonstrated promising safety and efficacy results but has uncovered unique drawbacks from the middle oral incision. We present a case series of our institutional experience with a technical innovation called the TransOral and Submental Technique (TOaST) designed to address these limitations. Materials and methods We reviewed all patients who successfully underwent TOaST thyroidectomy at our institution from November 2017 to November 2018. Demographics, surgical indications, technical details, and perioperative outcomes were recorded in a prospective database and analyzed retrospectively. Results Fourteen patients underwent TOaST thyroidectomy, with mean follow-up of 17 wk. Mean age was 38 y, and all but one was female. Most cases were cytologically benign or indeterminate nodules. There were no injuries to the recurrent laryngeal or mental nerves. TOaST had no instances of chin pain or specimen disruption, two complications that have been associated with the standard transoral approach. The cosmetic outcomes remained excellent. Conclusions This pilot study of TOaST indicates that it is a technically feasible and safe approach to thyroidectomy for selected patients.
Net Electricity Clustering at Different Temporal Resolutions Using a SAX-Based Method for Integrated Distribution System Planning

This paper addresses a major utility and regulator concern of characterizing customer net electricity consumption profiles to realize integrated distribution system planning. This is pivotal in assessing the capability of the power system to accommodate net load variability and its impacts on the grid such as voltage rise, narrowing peak demand duration, and reducing the cost of energy storage. Although the extant literature has focused on load clustering, this paper uses a symbolic aggregate approximation-based (SAX-based) dimensionality- reduction and k-means techniques to cluster net consumption of smart meter data for more than 3500 residential customers in a month at different temporal resolutions. This study proposes the use of cumulative explained variance in the principal component analysis to determine the optimal number of segments and dimensionality of the transformed space during discretization while retaining the data integrity instead of using intuition, as proposed by the extant literature. Also, this paper describes a screening methodology to determine the distribution of high-voltage customers among the resulting clusters of customers with and without on-site solar photovoltaic generation at different time resolutions.