cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dopamine modulation of neuronal Na+ channels requires binding of A kinase-anchoring protein 15 and PKA by a modified leucine zipper motif

In hippocampal pyramidal cells, dopamine acts at D1 receptors to reduce peak Na(+) currents by activation of phosphorylation by PKA anchored via an A kinase-anchoring protein (AKAP15). However, the mechanism by which AKAP15 anchors PKA to neuronal Na(+) channels is not known. By using a strategy of coimmunoprecipitation from transfected tsA-201 cells, we have found that AKAP15 directly interacts with Na(v)1.2a channels via the intracellular loop between domains I and II. This loop contains key functional phosphorylation sites. Mutagenesis indicated that this interaction occurs through a modified leucine zipper motif near the N terminus of the loop. Whole-cell patch clamp recordings of acutely dissociated hippocampal pyramidal cells revealed that the D1 dopamine receptor agonist SKF 81297 reduces peak Na(+) current amplitude by 20.5%, as reported previously. Disruption of the leucine zipper interaction between Na(v)1.2a and AKAP15 through the inclusion of a small competing peptide in the patch pipette inhibited the SKF 81297-induced reduction in peak Na(+) current, whereas a control peptide with mutations in amino acids important for the leucine zipper interaction did not. Our results define the molecular mechanism by which G protein-coupled signaling pathways can rapidly and efficiently modulate neuronal excitability through local protein phosphorylation of Na(+) channels by specifically anchored PKA.
Arginine and antioxidant supplement on performance in elderly male cyclists: a randomized controlled trial

Human exercise capacity declines with advancing age. These changes often result in loss of physical fitness and more rapid senescence. Nitric oxide (NO) has been implicated in improvement of exercise capacity through vascular smooth muscle relaxation in both coronary and skeletal muscle arteries, as well as via independent mechanisms. Antioxidants may prevent nitric oxide inactivation by oxygen free radicals. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of an L-arginine and antioxidant supplement on exercise performance in elderly male cyclists. This was a two-arm prospectively randomized double-blinded and placebo-controlled trial. Sixteen male cyclists were randomized to receive either a proprietary supplement (Niteworks®, Herbalife International Inc., Century City, CA) or a placebo powder. Exercise parameters were assessed by maximal incremental exercise testing performed on a stationary cycle ergometer using breath-by-breath analysis at baseline, week one and week three. There was no difference between baseline exercise parameters. In the supplemented group, anaerobic threshold increased by 16.7% (2.38 ± 0.18 L/min, p < 0.01) at week 1, and the effect was sustained by week 3 with a 14.2% (2.33 ± 0.44 L/min, p < 0.01). In the control group, there was no change in anaerobic threshold at weeks 1 and 3 compared to baseline (1.88 ± 0.20 L/min at week 1, and 1.86 ± 0.21 L/min at week 3). The anaerobic threshold for the supplement groups was significantly higher than that of placebo group at week 1 and week 3. There were no significant changes noted in VO2 max between control and intervention groups at either week 1 or week 3 by comparison to baseline. An arginine and antioxidant-containing supplement increased the anaerobic threshold at both week one and week three in elderly cyclists. No effect on VO2 max was observed. This study indicated a potential role of L-arginine and antioxidant supplementation in improving exercise performance in elderly.
Spirometry after transplantation: how much better are two lungs than one?

Background The purpose of this study was to determine how much double lung transplantation improves lung function over single lung transplantation and to identify predictors of lung function after transplantation. Methods From February 1990 to November 2005, 463 adults underwent lung transplantation. Among 379 of these patients (82%), 6372 evaluations of postoperative normalized forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV 1 ) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were analyzed using longitudinal temporal decomposition methods for repeated continuous measurements. We characterized the time course of postoperative spirometry, compared it between double and single lung transplantation, and identified its modulators. Results FEV 1 (% of predicted) was only somewhat better after double than single lung transplantation (65%, 58%, and 59% vs 51%, 43%, and 40% at 1, 3, and 5 years, p = 0.03), as was FVC (% of predicted) (67%, 68%, and 66% vs 62%, 56%, and 51%, p Conclusions Spirometry weakly favors double lung over single lung transplantation. The advantage of spirometry values alone may not justify double lung transplantation.
Voices from the Void: A Depth Psychological Reconceptualization of Sex Trafficking in Modern-Day India

Human trafficking is practiced in many countries throughout the world, and every year millions of women and children are bought, sold, and traded into commercial sexual and labor-based slavery. Of these countries, India is one of the largest portals and destination grounds for the trafficking and sexual enslavement of women and children. Victims of trafficking live under the daily threat of their own torture, abuse, and death, and in most cases even the torture and murder of their families, should they try to escape their captors. It is the immeasurable fear used to manipulate these women and children that eclipses the abject poverty impelling their exile into the darkest shadows of human existence. Within this context, it becomes important to consider how healing which moves towards restoring humanity, authentic voice, and soul to those who have been stripped and silenced in this regard can begin. In my opinion, the realm of depth psychology is unique in its ability to hold the tension between substance and shadow as it impacts oppressed populations and the socio-cultural philosophies that have perpetuated silence and margin. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimation of noise-corrected pulmonary blood flow heterogeneity using positron emission tomography

The coefficient of variation (CoV) is frequently used to describe functional or structural heterogeneity but is overestimated by the contribution of noise from the measurement method. We evaluated a method to estimate a noise-corrected heterogeneity. It delivers results with a narrow confidence interval. That method has been used to estimate the heterogeneity of pulmonary blood flow in humans as well as in animals.
Imidazole acetic acid TAFIa inhibitors: SAR studies centered around the basic P(1)(') group.

Abstract Structural modifications of the aminopyridine P 1 ′ group of imidazole acetic acid based TAFIa inhibitors led to the discovery of the aminocyclopentyl analog 28 , a 1 nM TAFIa inhibitor with CLT 50 functional activity of 14 nM but without selectivity against CPB. While not as active, aminobutyl derivative 27 provided an improved 6.7-fold selectivity for TAFIa versus CPB.
From quantum chemistry and the classical theory of polar liquids to continuum approximations in molecular mechanics calculations

Biological macromolecules and other polymers belong to the class of mesoscopic systems, with characteristic length scale of the order of a nanometer. Although microscopic models would be the preferred choice in theoretical calculations, their use in computer simulations becomes prohibitive for large systems or long simulation times. On the other hand, the use of purely macroscopic models in the mesoscopic domain may introduce artifacts, with effects that are difficult to assess and that may compromise the reliability of the calculations. Here is proposed an approach with the aim of minimizing the empirical nature of continuum approximations of solvent effects within the scope of molecular mechanics (MM) approximations in mesoscopic systems. Using quantum chemical methods, the potential generated by the molecular electron density is first decomposed in a multicenter-multipole expansion around predetermined centers. The monopole and dipole terms of the expansion at each site create electric fields that polarize the surrounding aqueous medium whose dielectric properties can be described by the classical theory of polar liquids. Debye's theory allows a derivation of the dielectric profiles created around isolated point charges and dipoles that can incorporate Onsager reaction field corrections. A superposition of screened Coulomb potentials obtained from this theory makes possible a simple derivation of a formal expression for the total electrostatic energy and the polar component of the solvation energy of the system. A discussion is presented on the physical meaning of the model parameters, their transferability, and their convergence to calculable quantities in the limit of simple systems. The performance of this continuum approximation in computer calculations of amino acids in the context of an atomistic force field is discussed. Applications of a continuum model based on screened Coulomb potentials in multinanosecond simulations of peptides and proteins are briefly reviewed. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005
Low-Frequency Effects on Eddy Covariance Fluxes under the Influence of a Low-Level Jet

Abstract Turbulent bursts observed over a tall forest canopy during the initiation of a nocturnal low-level jet (LLJ) are studied with the help of wavelet analysis. The burst of turbulence is observed in response to a shear instability associated with the initiation of LLJ. Turbulent kinetic energy, momentum, and CO2-rich cold air are transferred downward by large eddies with length scales that are higher than the LLJ height. Microfronts are observed over the canopy as a secondary instability that enhances the mixing processes within and above the canopy. The scale-dependent wavelet correlation analysis reveals that countergradient fluxes result from low frequencies, whereas cogradient flux is associated with high-frequency turbulent motions. The countergradient flux is initially noted at low frequencies, and, through coherent motions, it is transferred to smaller scales with a nearly 20-min delay. The countergradient flux dominates at the initiation of the event and reduces net flux, whereas enhanced cog...
Imaging of Pulmonary Hypertension.

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a silent disease with many causes that comes to clinical attention late in its course. There are indirect features of PH found on noninvasive imaging studies, but the diagnosis of this disease and its therapeutic management still require right heart catheterization with pressure measurements of the pulmonary artery. In general, with chronic PH, the main pulmonary artery is enlarged, there is tapering of the peripheral pulmonary arteries, there is decreased vessel compliance from muscular hypertrophy of the arterial walls, and there is reduced pulmonary blood flow. This is accompanied by changes in the right heart including right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy, RV enlargement, RV dysfunction, and tricuspid regurgitation. In the acute setting, such as with massive pulmonary emboli, the abrupt change in pulmonary arterial pressure has a dramatic effect on right heart contractility. The peak velocity of the tricuspid regurgitation jet, as measured by echocardiography or MRI, is loosely correlated with pulmonary arterial pressure. Untreated PH results in a rapid clinical decline with death frequently occurring within 3 years of diagnosis. Even with treatment, the mean survival time is still less than 4 years.
Trajectories of depressive symptoms after hip fracture.

Background Hip fracture is often complicated by depressive symptoms in older adults. We sought to characterize trajectories of depressive symptoms arising after hip fracture and examine their relationship with functional outcomes and walking ability. We also investigated clinical and psychosocial predictors of these trajectories.
Optimal Number of Questionnaire Response Categories: More May Not Be Better

Two multi-instrument investigations in a university clinic/lab provided an opportunity to explore the impact of reducing the number of response alternatives in a scale measuring vocational personal...
Mini-RF and LROC Observations of Mare Crater Layering Relationships

Abstract The lunar maria cover approximately 17% of the Moon's surface. Discerning discrete subsurface layers in the mare provides some constraints on thickness and volume estimates of mare volcanism. Multiple types of data and measurement techniques allow probing the subsurface and provide insights into these layers, including detailed examination of impact craters, mare pits and sinuous rilles, and radar sounders. Unfortunately, radar sounding includes many uncertainties about the material properties of the lunar surface that may influence estimates of layer depth and thickness. Because they distribute material from depth onto the surface, detailed examination of impact ejecta blankets provides a reliable way to examine deeper material using orbital instruments such as cameras, spectrometers, or imaging radars. Here, we utilize Miniature Radio Frequency (Mini-RF) data to investigate the scattering characteristics of ejecta blankets of young lunar craters. We use Circular Polarization Ratio (CPR) information from twenty-two young, fresh lunar craters to examine how the scattering behavior changes as a function of radius from the crater rim. Observations across a range of crater size and relative ages exhibit significant diversity within mare regions. Five of the examined craters exhibit profiles with no shelf of constant CPR near the crater rim. Comparing these CPR profiles with LROC imagery shows that the magnitude of the CPR may be an indication of crater degradation state; this may manifest differently at radar compared to optical wavelengths. Comparisons of radar and optical data also suggest relationships between subsurface stratigraphy and structure in the mare and the block size of the material found within the ejecta blanket. Of the examined craters, twelve have shelves of approximately constant CPR as well as discrete layers outcropping in the subsurface, and nine fall along a trend line when comparing shelf-width with thickness of subsurface layers. These observations suggest that surface CPR measurements may be used to identify near-surface layering. Here, we use ejected material to probe the subsurface, allowing observations of near-surface stratigraphy that may be otherwise hidden by layers higher from remote observations.
Motivation To Manage And The Manifestation Of A Managerial Orientation In Career Planning

The article presents a study which examined the impact of motivation to manage on the manifestation of a managerial orientation in career planning. The authors sampled 56 graduate-level business st...
Measuring the use of intuition by registered nurses in clinical practice.

Aim To administer the Smith Intuition Instrument to a sample of registered nurses to clarify its factors and test convergent validity. Methods The Smith Intuition Instrument (27 items), a subscale of the Miller Intuitiveness Instrument (18 items), and demographic questions, were posted to 1,000 registered nurses in January 2006. Results With a response rate of 79% (n=79), the findings are preliminary. Principal component factor analysis with orthogonal varimax rotation resulted in four factors accounting for 70.8% of variance: spiritual connections (373%), reassuring feelings (14.6%), physical sensations (12.5%) and bad feelings (6.2%). Eigenvalues ranged from 1.1 to 6.7 and factor loadings ranged from 0.705 to 0.887 An 18-item instrument emerged with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.896 and a range of 0.806 to 0.892 for each factor. Pearson's correlation between the two intuition measures was 0.520. Conclusion Psychometric evaluation demonstrated construct validity, convergent validity and reliability, and clarified the factors. The Smith Intuition Instrument is a valid and reliable tool for measuring nurses' use of intuition in clinical practice.
Abstract SY02-01: Regulators of in situ to invasive breast carcinoma progression.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC A major clinical diagnostic criterion that differentiates in situ from invasive breast carcinoma is the presence of a continuous myoepithelial cell layer and basement membrane. In pre-invasive lesions such as DCIS, a relatively intact myoepithelial cell layer and basement membrane are still observed, but we have found that the molecular profiles of DCIS-associated myoepithelial cells are distinct from those from normal breast. The mechanisms underlying the loss of myoepithelial cells during the in situ to invasive breast carcinoma transition are unknown. We hypothesized that the differentiation of breast epithelial progenitors into myoepithelial cells is progressively inhibited by signals from tumor epithelial cells and cells composing the microenvironment such as fibroblasts and leukocytes. As a consequence, the myoepithelial cell layer is progressively lost and eventually disappears resulting in progression to invasion. We have been testing this hypothesis by characterizing myoepithelial cells from normal human breast tissues from nulliparous and parous women, including BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. To dissect the functional properties of different types of myoepithelial cells, we have been using the MCFDCIS xenograft model. Our results will not only improve the current understanding of the role of myoepithelial cells but also have the potential to provide new prognostic markers to predict risk of invasive progression in DCIS. Furthermore, our results may help identify new targets for chemoprevention aimed at decreasing the risk of invasive breast tumors. Citation Format: Kornelia Polyak. Regulators of in situ to invasive breast carcinoma progression. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr SY02-01. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-SY02-01
Fiber Connections and Functions of the Corpus Striatum in the Cat.

A destructive lesion was placed in the left lenticular nucleus of forty cats. These animals were allowed to live from 9 to 11 days and their symptoms carefully observed. The 15 brains containing the best lesions were then prepared by the Marchi method for degenerated nerve fibers.The following efferent fiber systems were found to have their origin in the globus pallidus:1. A lateral strio-bulbar fasciculus, closely associated with the lateral cortico-bulbar tract, is composed of (a) a primary, homolateral division to the masticator, facial and ambiguous nuclei; (b) a secondary division to the trochlear, abducens, and hypoglossal nuclei of both sides; (c) a crossed division decussating with the brachium conjunctivum to reach the masticator, facial and ambiguous nuclei of the opposite side.2. A strio-tegmental fasciculus terminates in the interstitial nucleus of Cajal, the nucleus of Darkschewitsch, and the oculomotor nucleus of the homolateral and perhaps also of the opposite side.3. A large fasciculus of ...
The clinical phenotype of late-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease due to a PSEN1 mutation resembles sporadic Alzheimer disease: A single-family case-control study (P2.237)

Objective: To compare clinical and neuropathological phenotypes between late-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease (ADAD) and sporadic late-onset Alzheimer disease (LOAD). We hypothesized that phenotypes would overlap in similarly-aged individuals. Background: Dominantly-inherited presenilin 1 ( PSEN1 ) mutations lead to clinically-apparent dementia by enhancing the conversion of amyloid precursor protein to amyloidogenic amyloid beta, a finding that is central to the “amyloid hypothesis” of Alzheimer disease (AD). Longitudinal analyses of large ADAD cohorts continue to inform understanding of the end-effects of disrupted cerebral amyloid beta metabolism. However, reported clinical and neuropathological differences between individuals with early-onset ADAD and LOAD raise questions concerning whether these differences arise from distinct pathophysiological processes or age-dependent effects. Methods: We compared disease phenotypes between PSEN1 A79V mutation-carriers from a multi-generation family with late-onset ADAD (median age-at-symptomatic onset, 76 [63-77] years) described at our Alzheimer Disease Research Center, and 1115 individuals with histopathologically-proven LOAD (median age-of-onset, 75 [60-101] years) from the National Alzheimer Coordinating Council database (09/2005-12/14). Recruitment of participants with late-onset ADAD provided an opportunity to control for potential age-related contributions to the clinical manifestations of AD. Results: Five of eight (63[percnt]) PSEN1 A79V carriers developed dementia during the 30-year follow-up period (1985-2015). Three carriers remained cognitively normal in the 7th or 8th decade of life. No between-group differences were observed in dementia age-at-onset, duration, or presenting symptoms. Comorbid hallucinations and delusions were observed in 80[percnt] and 40[percnt] of individuals with ADAD, but in less than 3[percnt] of those with LOAD. Post-mortem brain examination was completed in 4/5 (80[percnt]) individuals with ADAD; the distribution of AD neuropathologic change was similar to that previously reported in LOAD. Conclusions: In this family, an amyloidogenic PSEN1 mutation recapitulates the clinicopathological attributes of LOAD. This finding has important implications for the extension of investigations in ADAD to LOAD, including therapeutic trials. Disclosure: Dr. Day holds stock and/or stock options in ANI Pharmaceuticals. Dr. Day has received research support from Avid Radiopharmaceuticals. Dr. Musiek has nothing to disclose. Dr. Roe has nothing to disclose. Dr. Norton has nothing to disclose. Dr. Goate has received royalties, license fees, or contractual rights from Taconic. Dr. Cruchaga has nothing to disclose. Dr. Morris has received personal compensation for activities with Eli Lilly & Company. Dr. Morris has received royalty payments from John Wiley & Sons.
Cost Estimates and Investment Analysis for Muscadine Grapes Production in Georgia

Muscadine (Vitis rotundifolia), also known as wild grapes are native to the Southeastern United States and well adapted to the warm and humid conditions of the region. Georgia is the largest producer of mscadine grapes in the United States and has enjoyed a market niche for decades consisting of fresh fruit processed for jams, juice and wine. In recent years, precision breeding using cisgenic technology has allow the development of new disease-resistant and seedless cultivars with potentials to serve different end-use market segments. However, the profitability of muscadine grapes cultivars newly developed with cisgenic technology relative to those developed with traditional transgenic technology is still questionable. This study takes a first step in bridging the gap in the literative with the objective to estimate the costs, revenue and profitability of producing transgenic-bred muscadine grapes in Georgia using a Single Trellis System with drip irrigation. Subsequently, we plan to derive similiar estimates for a new cisgenicbred rot resistant and seedless counterpart, currently in field trials, and compare both estimates to determine which of the two has the highest economic potentials in term of profitability and or net returns to the growers.
Simultaneous detection of trace diphacinone and chlorophacinone in biological sample by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry

Objective: To establish a method for the simultaneous detection of diphacinone and chlorophacinone in biological sample by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry(LC-MS).Methods:After the whole blood was extracted by methanol+acetonitrile(50+50,v/v) and urine was cleaned and enriched by Waters OasisHLB SPE cartridges,the samples were separated on an Extend C18 column(150 mm×4.6 mm i.d.,5 μm)by using the mobile phase consisting of ammonium acetate-acetate acid(0.02 mol/L,pH 5.5)+methanol(15+85,v/v).Detection was carried out by LC-MS using a negative electrospray ionization interface in the selected ion monitoring(SIM) mode.Quantified ions were selected for their molecular ions,m/z 339.0-for diphacinone,m/z 373.0-for chlorophacinone.Results:Calibration curves of the whole blood were linear within the range of 2.0~500.0 μg/L and 1.0~200.0 μg/L,and the limits of quantification were 2.0 μg/L and 1.0 μg/L for diphacinone and chlorophacinone,respectively.The extraction recoveries of the whole blood were 92.1%~94.5% and 93.0%~94.2%,and the RSD were less than 7.5% and 6.5% for diphacinone and chlorophacinone,respectively.Calibration curves of urine were linear within the range of 0.5~100.0 μg/L and 0.2~40.0 μg/L,and the limits of quantification were 0.5 μg/L and 0.2 μg/L for diphacinone and chlorophacinone,respectively.The extraction recoveries of urine were 95.2%~97.0% and 92.0%~96.5%,and the RSDs were less than 6.0% and 7.5% for diphacinone and chlorophacinone,respectively.Conclusion:This method is simple,sensitive,accurate and of good specificity for the satisfactory determination of trace diphacinone and chlorophacinone residues in poisoned patients.
Transmission of hepatitis C by implantation of a processed bone graft. A case report.

The commonly recognized risk factors for acquisition of the hepatitis-C virus include intravenous drug use, blood transfusion or solid organ transplantation before 1992, administration of blood or blood products before 1987, and chronic hemodialysis1. We are aware of three case reports of transmission of the hepatitis-C virus by implantation of a frozen, unprocessed bone graft2-4. We report a case of transmission of the hepatitis-C virus by implantation of processed bone grafts that had been soaked in antibiotic, alcohol, and detergent prior to freezing. To our knowledge, this is the first documented case of transmission of the hepatitis-C virus by a processed bone graft. The patient was informed that data concerning the case would be submitted for publication. Aforty-four-year-old man sustained a vertebral fracture during a snowmobile accident on March 7, 1998. The patient was diagnosed with a burst fracture of the lumbar spine at the L2 level. As a result, he underwent posterolateral fusion of the spine from L1 to L3 on March 9, 1998, during which he received an allograft of cancellous bone chips ranging from 4 to 10 mm in size. He underwent a second operation on March 13, 1998, with L1-2 to L3 fusion and reconstruction of the anterior vertebral column with use of an allograft of femoral shaft bone. He received no blood or blood products during this hospitalization and had received no such products at any other time in his life. Documentation from the tissue-procurement organization noted that the bone grafts had been processed by soaking in antibiotic, alcohol, and detergent prior to freezing and that both bone-graft donors had tested negative for hepatitis-C antibody. Approximately six weeks later, on April 30, 1998, the patient was noted to be jaundiced and underwent serological testing for hepatitis-A IgM, hepatitis-B core …
Anterior Segment Ischemia

Anterior segment ischemia is not a common disorder but it can result in serious visual loss. In this condition, there is usually ischemia of the iris and ciliary body but it may involve the cornea and sclera. The blood supply of the anterior segment is discussed at length in Chap. 6.
Ethnography of Eldercare by Elders in Shanghai, China

While existing media and policy discourse on aging and caregiving in China is dominated by attention to the burden of elder dependency, this article provides an ethnographic glimpse of the under-recognized role of older adults in providing informal care to the elderly in Chinese society today. The analysis is based on a quantitative survey and ethnographic fieldwork involving participant observation and interviews conducted in a residential area of Shanghai Municipality, the Chinese city with the highest degree of population aging in the nation. Conducted between 2010 and 2014, our research examined whether and how older adults in Shanghai can be considered as not just persons in need of care but also as active contributors of eldercare. While we observed senior aid to the aged occurring both within and outside family households in Shanghai, in this article we focus on elder caregiving within the context of the family, with particular attention to caregiving provided by elders’ spouses. Overall, we found that patterns of eldercare in Shanghai today are much more complex than public discourses dominated by the elder dependency concept might lead one to believe. Our study found that many older adult women and men in Shanghai are making significant contributions to eldercare in the form of both spousal mutual aid and spousal primary caregiving. We further found several ways in which the identification of a primary caregiver can be quite complicated in a methodological sense, whether in quantitative or qualitative research. We conclude that more careful scholarly and policy attention to older adults’ contributions is needed to better understand and address the challenges and potentials of China’s aging society.
What meaning for sustainability? The politics of sustainability

CONTEXTThis section of the journal encourages discussion between several authors on a policy-related topic. The same question may, therefore, be addressed from different theoretical, cultural or spatial perspectives. Dialogues may be applied or highly abstract. The Dialogue in this issue starts with Xavier Font’s contribution here: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19407963.2016.1258514.
PAX2 function, regulation and targeting in fallopian tube-derived high-grade serous ovarian cancer

The fallopian tube epithelium (FTE) is one of the progenitor populations for high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC). Loss of PAX2 is the earliest known molecular aberration in the FTE occurring in serous carcinogenesis followed by a mutation in p53. Pathological studies report consistent loss of PAX2 in benign lesions as well as serous tumors. In the current study, the combined loss of PAX2 and expression of the R273H p53 mutant protein in murine oviductal epithelial (MOE) cells enhanced proliferation and growth in soft agar in vitro but was insufficient to drive tumorigenesis in vivo. A serially passaged model was generated to investigate the role of aging, but was also insufficient to drive tumorigenesis. These models recapitulate early benign lesions and suggest that a latency period exists between loss of PAX2, p53 mutation and tumor formation. Stathmin and fut8 were identified as downstream targets regulated by loss of PAX2 and mutation of p53 in MOE cells. Re-expression of PAX2 in PAX2-null human HGSC cells reduced cell survival via apoptosis. Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)shRNA negatively regulated PAX2 expression and stable re-expression of PAX2 in MOE:PTENshRNA cells significantly reduced proliferation and peritoneal tumor formation in athymic nude mice. PAX2 was determined to be a direct transcriptional target that was activated by wild-type p53, whereas mutant p53 inhibited PAX2 transcription in MOE cells. A small molecule screen using the proximal PAX2 promoter driving luciferase identified four small molecules that were able to enhance PAX2 mRNA expression in MOE cells. PAX2 re-expression in HGSC cells and PTEN-deficient oviductal tumors may have the potential to induce apoptosis. In summary, mutant p53 and PTEN loss negatively regulated PAX2 and PAX2 re-expression in HGSC cells induced cell death.
Analysis of tumor immune protein expression and clinical outcomes in gastric adenocarcinoma.

177Background: Up- and down-regulation of various immunomodulating proteins may reflect gastric tumor aggressiveness, possibly correlating with disease progression. Although a growing focus of investigation, literature is still lacking on which proteins may be predictors of patient outcomes. Methods: Retrospective review of a prospective database was performed of patients who underwent gastrectomy for adenocarcinoma with curative intent, 2003 to 2013. Patient demographics, operative details, pathology data, and outcomes were captured. Results: 86 of 105 gastrectomy patients had sufficient tissue for microarray analysis. Patients were mostly males (65.1%); median age was 74 years. 31 patients (36.0%) underwent total gastrectomy; the remainder underwent subtotal resection. 59 specimens (68.6%) had ≥ 15 lymph nodes harvested. Median tumor size was 4.9 cm; 55 (64.0%) were at least stage T3 and 63 (73.3%) had nodal involvement. 13 margins (15.1%) were positive, 50 had lymphovascular invasion (LVI, 58.1%), and ...
Richard Nixon, Henry Kissinger, and the Congress: Ending US Involvement in the Vietnam War, 1969–1974

This chapter will continue the story of US involvement in the Vietnam War by examining the policy dispute that raged between President Richard Nixon and the Congress over how to end that conflict.
In the Night Kitchen: What Are the Ingredients of Infantile Sexuality?

Building upon Frances Thomson-Salo and Campbell Paul’s own reference to the image from Maurice Sendak’s Caldecott-winning 1970 book In the Night Kitchen, Vaughan argues that the “joyful erotism” of Sendak’s “naked baby tumbling through the night” is central to the main point of the paper, namely, that sexuality is inseparable from other essential elements of vitality such as intensely pleasurable excited gratification, physical embodiment, and embeddedness in the mother–father–child relational matrix. She suggests that attempts at parsing and separating these inseparable ingredients of early eroticism from one another is as futile as trying to decide whether the egg, the flour, or the milk are the most important ingredient in making a cake. Instead, with this aside, Thomson-Salo and Paul demonstrate that vitality in all its forms is created in the joyful eroticism of early life experience in which sexuality, sensuality, emotionality, and connectedness meet. By understanding and celebrating the charged con...
“Passion for the Particular”: Marianne Moore, Henry James, Beatrix Potter, and the Refuge of Close Reading

In this essay Finch contributes to the growing wave of scholarly interest in the late work of Marianne Moore by performing a close reading of the underexamined poem “Tell me, tell me.” By situating this poem within the context of Moore’s increasing literary celebrity of the 1950s and 1960s, Finch demonstrates how the rich intertextuality of “Tell me, tell me” fabricates a most “telling” response to the public’s rapacious appetite for insight into her personal life. Moore complicates facile understandings of a writer’s private biography by promoting an inextricably social, dialogical and collaborative model of artistic subjectivity, one whose many facets are revealed only through the co-constituting labor of her readers.
Conspiracy numbers and caching for searching and/or trees and theorem-proving

This paper applies the idea of conspiracy numbers to derive two heuristic algorithms for searching and/or trees. The first algorithm is an AO* best-first algorithm but the standard guarantees do not apply usefully to it because it conforms to the economic principle of sunk costs. The second algorithm works depth-first and guides the search done by an iterative deepening SLD-resolution theorem prover that we have implemented. To avoid repeated effort, the prover caches successes and failures. It exploits the fact that a new goal matches a cached goal if it is a substitution instance of the latter, not just if the two are identical. Experimental results indicate that conspiracy numbers and especially the new caching scheme are effective in practice.
ABA- and Kinetin-induced Changes in Cell Homogenates, Chromatin-Bound RNA Polymerase and RNA Composition

Recent studies show that abscisic acid (ABA), a potent inhibitor of seed germination, is found in a number of seeds. The ABA-induced inhibition is overcome in many instances by the cytokinins (Khan, 1967, 1968a, 1969a; Aspinall et al, 1967; Sankhla and Sankhla, 1968). A treatment with cytokinins also results in the release of dormancy in seeds (Frankland, 1961; Khan, 1966). During dormancy release in seeds and buds by cytokinins, by cold treatment or by other means, a decrease in the level of ABA or other inhibitors has been observed (Hemberg, 1965, 1970; Sondheimer and Galston, 1968). These and other results have led to the postulate that cytokinins and inhibitors along with gibberellins participate in the expression of seed dormancy and germination (Khan, 1968a, 1969a,b).
How peace education motivates youth peacebuilding: Examples from Pakistan

Abstract This article examines the impact of four peace education programs involving Pakistani youth to illuminate peace education’s role in peacebuilding efforts in conflict contexts. It argues that alumni tried to replicate their individual transformations as stimulated by these peace education programs. They did so through community-level projects modelled after the same program processes that had transformed them. Impact on peacebuilding was supported by peace education programs combining different theories of change, focusing on follow-on projects, and providing support structures for alumni. Because alumni modelled their projects after their program experiences, programs should be more transparent in order to maximize impact.
Hysteresis in the flux flow characteristics of a type II superconductor associated with the presence of normal metal precipitates

Unusual history-dependent flux flow properties are observed in a Pb0.871Sn0.129 alloy as tin precipitates from solution at room temperature. We find that the critical currents and flux flow curves depend upon the field history, the current history, and the orientational history of the sample. Two volume pinning force curves are observed with different force magnitudes and field locations of the force peak, depending upon whether the field is cycled to high fields or zero field before the force is measured. Flux flow noise measurements in these samples yield very low noise, consistent with our recent model, which predicts low noise in samples with closely spaced pinning centers that interrupt the flux motion. The experimental results are explained in terms of the formation of a nonequilibrium flux line lattice in the presence of precipitates, and the response of such a lattice to current, field, and orientational changes.
Respiratory follow-up pre- and post-engineering controls or cessation of added diacetyl at four microwave popcorn facilities

In a 7-year study at 4 microwave popcorn facilities, mixing room employees exposed to diacetyl prior to the introduction of respirators showed significant loss of lung function but did not continue to decline longitudinally faster than other job categories http://bit.ly/2xwWRiw.
Effectiveness of single-pass backpack electrofishing to estimate juvenile coho salmon abundance in Alaskan headwater streams

The use of techniques with low or inconsistent sampling efficiency may lead to erroneous estimates of abundance. Although an increase in sampling intensity can improve sampling efficiency and precision, its cost can limit a study’s spatial extent. A low-effort approach may be preferred for landscape-scale studies of fish distribution and abundance; however, this requires information on whether the low-effort sampling is vulnerable to habitat-mediated bias and imprecision of the estimator. To determine how habitat features affected sampling efficiency of juvenile coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch in headwater streams of the Little Susitna drainage, Alaska, we validated single-pass backpack electrofishing methods with closed population mark–recapture sampling. We found that habitat features, such as stream size and density of wood debris, had no measurable or consistent effect on sampling efficiency within the range of conditions present in these headwater systems, and single-pass catch explained 94.8 % of the observed variation in log-transformed mark–recapture estimates. This suggests that low-effort methods in headwater streams of the Little Susitna River can approximate actual fish numbers without accounting for habitat covariates that may influence sampling efficiency, and the advantage of sampling a greater spatial extent may sufficiently offset any concerns over low estimator precision.
A case of pentosan polysulfate maculopathy originally diagnosed as stargardt disease.

Abstract Purpose To describe a patient with a past diagnosis of Stargardt disease that was later determined to be pentosan polysulfate (PPS) maculopathy. Observations The patient had clinical and imaging findings uncharacteristic of Stargardt disease. Rather, her fundus resembled the recently described maculopathy ascribed to PPS. After genetic testing was found to be negative for pathologic variants, the patient was asked to cease usage of PPS. Conclusions and importance This case emphasizes the importance of reviewing patient medication profiles prior to rendering a diagnosis of a retinal dystrophy. It is essential that ophthalmologists catch drug toxicities as early as possible, to minimize risk of further irreversible vision loss due to continued medication exposure.
Teaching Computer Ethics: A Deeply Multidisciplinary Approach

We report on a curricular experiment at Stanford University focused on teaching computer ethics. After nearly a year of preparation, we launched a new course at the intersection of ethics, public policy, and technology that deeply marries the humanities, social sciences, and computer science. While the teaching of computer ethics courses dates back decades, such courses are often taught by a (single) CS faculty member without significant training in ethics, do not include a policy component, and are meant for CS students. By contrast, we take a deeply multidisciplinary approach, where three faculty instructors, from philosophy, political science, and CS, each bring their respective lens to four related course modules: algorithmic decision-making, data privacy and civil liberties, AI and autonomous systems, and the power of platform companies. Panels of guest speakers drawn from academia, industry, civil society, and government provide a practitioner's view of the topics addressed. Additionally, custom case studies were developed under the direction of the course staff. These materials (videos of the speaker panels and the case studies) are freely available for use by the broader community. We report on the details of the course structure, including how multiple disciplines are integrated throughout the course, including lectures, discussions, and assignments. We discuss aspects of the course that worked well as well as challenges in making the course broadly accessible (beyond just CS majors). Importantly, we also include a discussion of students' response to the course, showing that a deeply multidisciplinary approach resonates strongly with them.
CHAPTER VI – Geometry of Surfaces in E3

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the geometry of surfaces in E3. The chapter applies the Cartan methods to study the geometry of a surface M in E3. As with the Frenet theory of a curve in E3, this requires that frames are put on M, and their rates of change are examined along M. Formally, a Euclidean frame field on M ⊂ E3 consists of three Euclidean vector fields that are orthonormal at each point. Various theorems are proven in the chapter. So long as its domain of definition contains no umbilics, a principal frame field is uniquely determined—except for changes of sign—by two principal directions at each point. Occasionally it may be possible to get a principal frame field on an entire surface. If E1, E2, E3 is a principal frame field on M, then the vector fields E1 and E2 consist of characteristic vectors of the shape operator derived from E3.
A Case Report of Baclofen Toxicity in a Pediatric Patient With Normal Kidney Function Successfully Treated With Hemodialysis

Rationale:Baclofen is a commonly prescribed medication used to decrease spasticity in children with cerebral palsy. Despite its widespread use, this medication has not demonstrated to be consistent...
Willingness to Accept Trade-Offs Among COVID-19 Cases, Social-Distancing Restrictions, and Economic Impact: A Nationwide US Study.

Abstract Objective To conduct a discrete-choice experiment to quantify Americans’ acceptance of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection risks for earlier lifting of social-distancing restrictions and diminishing the pandemic’s economic impact. Methods We designed a discrete-choice experiment to administer 10 choice questions to each respondent representing experimentally controlled pairs of scenarios defined by when nonessential businesses could reopen (May, July, or October 2020), cumulative percentage of Americans contracting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) through 2020 (2% to 20%), time for economic recovery (2 to 5 years), and the percentage of US households falling below the poverty threshold (16% to 25%). Respondents were recruited by SurveyHealthcareGlobus. Results A total of 5953 adults across all 50 states completed the survey between May 8 and 20, 2020. Latent-class analysis supported a 4-class model. The largest class (36%) represented COVID-19 risk-minimizers, reluctant to accept any increases in COVID-19 risks. About 26% were waiters, strongly preferring to delay reopening nonessential businesses, independent of COVID-19 risk levels. Another 25% represented recovery-supporters, primarily concerned about time required for economic recovery. This group would accept COVID-19 risks as high as 16% (95% CI: 13%-19%) to shorten economic recovery from 3 to 2 years. The final openers class prioritized lifting social distancing restrictions, accepting of COVID-19 risks greater than 20% to open in May rather than July or October. Political affiliation, race, household income, and employment status were all associated with class membership (P Conclusion Americans have diverse preferences pertaining to social-distancing restrictions, infection risks, and economic outcomes. These findings can assist elected and public-health officials in making difficult policy decisions related to the pandemic.