cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Data Analytic Engine Towards Self-Management of Cyber-Physical Systems

With the increasing complexity of cyber-physical systems, it is essential to enhance their self-management capabilities (e.g., self-protection, self-optimization). This paper presents a data-oriented approach to achieving that goal, given that a large amount of measurements can be collected in current systems. We investigate typical data characteristics in physical systems, and identify that the collected data from those systems exhibit a wide range of diversities. Following those observations, a new analytic engine is proposed and developed to extract knowledge from measurement data streams in physical systems. The engine treats each attribute in measurements as a time series and contains an ensemble of models, each attempting to discover a specific data property accordingly, such as periodicity, pairwise dependency and so on. Therefore time series are profiled based on their properties captured by engine models. The extracted data profiles can be further used to facilitate several management tasks of system status monitoring and online anomaly detection. Our experimental results in a real power plant have demonstrated that our analytic engine can correctly profile heterogeneous time series in the system, and successfully detect a number of abnormal situations in the system operation including some system inspection events as well as component faults.
A Dynamic Atom Model of the First Eleven Elements of the Periodic Table

A dynamic model of a Bohr atom is described; the model being capable of representing all of the normal and many of the excited configurations of the first eleven elements of the periodic table. The nucleus and all of the electrons are suspended in space on jets of air, and are moving; some in circles and some in paths resembling ellipses. About fourteen important concepts of the Bohr atom are brought out by the model, among them being the electron grouping, the progression of perihelion, the spinning electron and the quantization of the spin axis in space.
Natural remanent magnetization studies of a layered breccia boulder from the lunar highland region

The average directions of natural remanent magnetization (NRM) of three texturally distinct layers (72215, 72255, and 72275) of a 2 m-sized breccia boulder were found to be the same, while the directions of their stable components of NRM were found to be widely divergent. One clast from 72275 yielded a stable NRM direction which was different from that of the matrix. Approximate paleointensity measurements showed that 72255 and 72275 could have obtained their stable remanence from an ancient magnetic field of the same magnitude. However, 72215 probably was magnetized by a magnetic field of a different intensity. We concluded that the coincident NRM directions owe their origin to a secondary imprint of less stable magnetization imparted during the assembly of the boulder at moderate temperatures (∼ 450°C) on the South Massif. The stable directions, on the other hand, date from the last, higher-temperature (∼ 770°C) magnetizing event experienced by the mineral and lithic components while they were part of the immature pre-Serenitatis regolith.
Structural, functional and hypertensive effects of 19-oxo-11-deoxycorticosterone acetate (19-oxo-DOCA) in the rat.

Abstract Mononephrectomized rats were given 1% NaCl solution to drink; half of them received 1 mg/day of 19-oxo-ll deoxycorticosterone acetate (19-oxo-DOCA) in sesame oil subcutaneously and half received only the oil for a period of four weeks. The steroid had no effect upon saline intake, systolic blood pressure, growth or the size of adrenals, hearts or kidneys, although it did produce hypernatremia and hypokalemia. The discrepancy between a demonstrable mineralocorticoid effect without blood pressure elevation awaits elucidation.
Treatment of severe congenital erythropoietic porphyria by bone marrow transplantation

Abstract Congenital erythropoietic porphyria (CEP), which is the result of a deficiency of uroporphyrinogen (URO) III synthase activity, is the most disfiguring porphyria in humans. Various methods of treatment have been used to treat CEP with varying success, including erythrocyte transfusion, hydroxyurea, and splenectomy. The only treatment that corrects the enzymatic defect resulting in a cure is bone marrow/stem cell transplantation, which has been reported previously in only 5 patients worldwide. We describe the first patient with CEP who underwent successful bone marrow transplantation performed in the United States and review the therapeutic options in the management of this challenging type of porphyria. (J Am Acad Dermatol 2001;45:279-82.)
Rapid determination of earthquake magnitude using GPS for tsunami warning systems

[1] The 26 December 2004 Sumatra earthquake (Mw 9.2–9.3) generated the most deadly tsunami in history. Yet within the first hour, the true danger of a major oceanwide tsunami was not indicated by seismic magnitude estimates, which were far too low (Mw 8.0–8.5). This problem relates to the inherent saturation of early seismic-wave methods. Here we show that the earthquake's true size and tsunami potential can be determined using Global Positioning System (GPS) data up to only 15 min after earthquake initiation, by tracking the mean displacement of the Earth's surface associated with the arrival of seismic waves. Within minutes, displacements of >10 mm are detectable as far away as India, consistent with results using weeks of data after the event. These displacements imply Mw 9.0 ± 0.1, indicating a high tsunami potential. This suggests existing GPS infrastructure could be developed into an effective component of tsunami warning systems.
Development is dysfunctional

Purpose – This paper aims to assist and offer workarounds for dysfunctional situations in library development situations.Design/methodology/approach – Uses practical solutions gained from experience to avoid or deal with dysfunctional situations.Findings – Development, by its very nature, is anything but straight forward. For a number of reasons, development efforts can get off track.Originality/value – Suggests practical strategies for minimizing dysfunctional elements in library development efforts.
Protein Scaffolds Can Enhance the Bistability of Multisite Phosphorylation Systems

The phosphorylation of a substrate at multiple sites is a common protein modification that can give rise to important structural and electrostatic changes. Scaffold proteins can enhance protein phosphorylation by facilitating an interaction between a protein kinase enzyme and its target substrate. In this work we consider a simple mathematical model of a scaffold protein and show that under specific conditions, the presence of the scaffold can substantially raise the likelihood that the resulting system will exhibit bistable behavior. This phenomenon is especially pronounced when the enzymatic reactions have sufficiently large K(M), compared to the concentration of the target substrate. We also find for a closely related model that bistable systems tend to have a specific kinetic conformation. Using deficiency theory and other methods, we provide a number of necessary conditions for bistability, such as the presence of multiple phosphorylation sites and the dependence of the scaffold binding/unbinding rates on the number of phosphorylated sites.
Effect of loop sequence and size on DNA aptamer stability.

The thrombin aptamer is a 15-mer oligodeoxyribonucleotide that folds into a unimolecular quadruplex consisting of a stack of two guanine quartets connected by two external loops and one central loop and possesses a high affinity for thrombin. We have undertaken a systematic examination, in KCl, of the thermodynamic stability of thrombin aptamer analogues containing sequence modifications in one or more of the loops, as well as in the number of quartets. UV melting studies have been carried out to obtain the relevant thermodynamic parameters for these aptamers. van't Hoff analysis of these data, with a two-state model for unimolecular denaturation, gave excellent fits to the experimental observations. Thermodynamic analysis indicates that the central loop sequence in the parent aptamer is optimal for stability. Modifications in this or other loops can effect either ΔH°, ΔS°, or both. Addition of a single G at the 5‘-end decreases stability while addition of a G at the 3‘-end increases stability. Differenti...
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: radiographic calcifications correlate with grade and metastasis.

Studies to identify preoperative prognostic variables for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (PNET) have been inconclusive. Specifically, the prevalence and prognostic significance of radiographic calcifications in these tumors remains unclear. From 1998 to 2009, a total of 110 patients with well-differentiated PNET underwent surgical resection at our institution. Synchronous liver metastases present in 31 patients (28%) were addressed surgically with curative intent. Patients with high-grade PNET were excluded. The presence of calcifications in the primary tumor on preoperative computed tomography was recorded and correlated with clinicopathologic variables and overall survival. Calcifications were present in 16% of patients and were more common in gastrinomas and glucagonomas (50%), but never encountered in insulinomas. Calcified tumors were larger (median size 4.5 vs. 2.3 cm, P = 0.04) and more commonly associated with lymph node metastasis (75 vs. 35%, P = 0.01), synchronous liver metastasis (62 vs. 21%, P < 0.01), and intermediate tumor grade (80 vs. 31%, P < 0.01). On multivariate analysis of factors available preoperatively, calcifications (P = 0.01) and size (P < 0.01) remained independent predictors of lymph node metastasis. Overall survival after resection was significantly worse in the presence of synchronous liver metastasis (5-year, 64 vs. 86%, P = 0.04), but not in the presence of radiographic calcifications. Calcifications on preoperative computed tomography correlate with intermediate grade and lymph node metastasis in well-differentiated PNET. This information is available preoperatively and supports the routine dissection of regional lymph nodes through formal pancreatectomy rather than enucleation in calcified PNET.
The effects of voluntary lateral orienting on positive manifold for lateralized cognitive tasks.

Abstract As an extension of previous studies (Urbanczyk, Angel, & Kennelly, Brain and Cognition, 8, 206–226) examining the effects of unimanual tapping on lateralized cognitive tasks, lateral body orienting was added to an established dual task paradigm to generate differential hemispheric activation and shifts of attention. One hundred twenty right-handed university students retained sequences of digits or spatial locations for 20 sec either alone or during finger tapping. By turning head and eyes left or right, the hemisphere congruent with the sequences (LH for digits, RH for locations) or incongruent (vice versa) was activated. Activation had little effect on retention means but greatly affected resource composition, supporting task performance. Congruent orientation produced significantly higher positive correlations between digit and location tasks than incongruent orientation. Females showed higher sequence retention correlations than males across both orienting groups. For females, congruent activation enhanced tapping rates and tapping-retention task correlations. For males, activation affected neither of these. These results suggest that congruent attentional orienting may couple or integrate regions of the less activated hemisphere into networks of the more activated hemisphere. Greater inter- and intrahemispheric connectivity in the female cortex may produce a greater dependence upon a general attentional “resource.”
PPARα Activators Inhibit Cytokine-Induced Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 Expression in Human Endothelial Cells

Background—Adhesion molecule expression on the endothelial cell (EC) surface is critical for leukocyte recruitment to atherosclerotic lesions. Better understanding of transcriptional regulation of adhesion molecules in ECs may provide important insight into plaque formation. Peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-α (PPARα), a member of the nuclear receptor family, regulates gene expression in response to certain fatty acids and fibric acid derivatives. The present study investigated PPARα expression in human ECs and their regulation of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). Methods and Results—Immunohistochemistry revealed that human carotid artery ECs express PPARα. Pretreatment of cultured human ECs with the PPARα activators fenofibrate or WY14643 inhibited TNF-α–induced VCAM-1 in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, an effect not seen with PPARγ activators. Both PPARα activators decreased cytokine-induced VCAM-1 mRNA expression without altering its mRNA half-life. Transient transfection...
"The Power of Concepts, Typologies, Theories and Methodologies in IBGR Research"

More than fifty years after its inception, the field of international business-government relations is rich in powerful concepts, typologies, theories and methodologies that reflect the three post-WWII periods of “Confrontation,” “Accommodation” and “Competition.” This paper also reviews the key directions of IBGR practice and research during these periods which keep reflecting new actors, locations, issues and environments.
Tyrosine hydroxylase and aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase in mesencephalic cultures after MPP+: the consequences of treatment with GM1 ganglioside

Abstract Rat embryonic mesencephalic cultures were treated with the dopaminergic neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), and GM1 ganglioside added after the toxin. Twelve days after a 24-h exposure to MPP+, there was a significant decrement in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and aromatic l -amino acid decarboxylase (AAAD) activities. In addition, TH mRNA was decreased, whereas AAAD mRNA was no different from control cultures. Adding GM1 to control unlesioned cultures had no effect on TH activity or mRNA. In contrast, GM1 modestly increased both the activity and mRNA for AAAD. In the MPP+-treated cultures, GM1 induced a partial recovery of TH and AAAD activity and increased mRNA for both above unlesioned control levels. Our studies demonstrate that GM1 upregulates the synthetic enzymes for dopamine in MPP+-lesioned embryonic mesencephalic cultures, and suggest that TH and AAAD respond differentially to the neurotoxin insult.
The role of platelet-derived growth factor signaling in healing myocardial infarcts.

Objectives This study sought to examine the role of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) signaling in healing myocardial infarcts. Background Platelet-derived growth factor isoforms exert potent fibrogenic effects through interactions with PDGF receptor (PDGFR)-α and PDGFR-β. In addition, PDGFR-β signaling mediates coating of developing vessels with mural cells, leading to the formation of a mature vasculature. We hypothesized that PDGFR activation may regulate fibrosis and vascular maturation in healing myocardial infarcts. Methods Mice undergoing reperfused infarction protocols were injected daily with a neutralizing anti–PDGFR-β antibody (APB5), an anti-PDGFR-α antibody (APA5), or control immunoglobulin G, and were killed after 7 days of reperfusion. Results The PDGF-B, PDGFR-α, and PDGFR-β mRNA expression was induced in reperfused mouse infarcts. Perivascular cells expressing phosphorylated PDGFR-β were identified in the infarct after 7 days of reperfusion, indicating activation of the PDGF-BB/PDGFR-β pathway. The PDGFR-β blockade resulted in impaired maturation of the infarct vasculature, enhanced capillary density, and formation of dilated uncoated vessels. Defective vascular maturation in antibody-treated mice was associated with increased and prolonged extravasation of red blood cells and monocyte/macrophages, suggesting increased permeability. These defects resulted in decreased collagen content in the healing infarct. In contrast, PDGFR-α inhibition did not affect vascular maturation, but significantly decreased collagen deposition in the infarct. Conclusions Platelet-derived growth factor signaling critically regulates postinfarction repair. Both PDGFR-β– and PDGFR-α–mediated pathways promote collagen deposition in the infarct. Activation of PDGF-B/PDGFR-β is also involved in recruitment of mural cells by neovessels, regulating maturation of the infarct vasculature. Acquisition of a mural coat and maturation of the vasculature promotes resolution of inflammation and stabilization of the scar.
Further observations on the effect of environment on the creep/rupture behavior of a nickel-base high temperature alloy: Grain size effects

Abstract Udimet 700 monocrystals and polycrystals of varying numbers of grains per cross section were statically stressed to 172.4 MN/m 2 (25 ksi) at 1200 K (1700 °F) in air and at 10 −5 Torr. The rupture life was longer, and the minimum creep rate (MCR) was smaller, in air, for the single crystals. As the number of grains per cross section increased, the life decreased (and the MCR increased) in air, whereas the reverse occurred under vacuum. These results are rationalized in terms of the micromechanisms of flow and fracture at elevated temperature in this material.
The Extended Family as a Vehicle of Culture Change

The Middle Eastern extended family has long been a controversial subject. A relatively sparse and largely antiquated body of data has been the source of often speculative and sometimes contradictory assertions. In two recent volumes, for instance, the functional and functioning extended family is seen as a continuing reality in one1 and a long lost fictitious ideal in the other.2
Effects of Therapeutic Touch in Reducing Pain and Anxiety in an Elderly Population

Background: Studies have revealed the high prevalence of chronic pain among the elderly. Anxiety is frequently associated with pain. This study investigated the efficacy of therapeutic touch (TT) in reducing chronic musculoskeletal pain and anxiety in an elderly population. Effects of TT were tested on three outcome variables: pain, anxiety, salivary cortisol. Methods: A pre–posttest, single-blind, randomized three-group design was used to compare effectiveness of TT to mimic touch (MT, a placebo), and standard care (SC). Ninety-five participants were recruited from seven facilities (retirement communities, nursing homes, adult day care and community senior centers), stratified by facility and randomized into one of three groups. Participants in TT group received a 20-min TT intervention; MT group participants received 20 min of mimic touch. Interventions were administered at the same time on 3 consecutive days at the participant’s facility. SC participants received only standard care. Pain was measured by an 11-point numeric rating scale. State anxiety was measured with Form Y-1 of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Salivary cortisol was analyzed using radioimmunoassay. Analysis of variance and Kruskal–Wallis Test were used for data analysis. Results: Ninety subjects completed the protocol. Pain reduction in TT group was significantly reduced (p < .001) when compared with control groups, effect size of 0.92. Anxiety in TT group was also significantly reduced (p < .01), effect size of 0.35. Salivary cortisol levels showed little change. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that TT is effective in reducing self-reported pain and anxiety in an elderly population. Physiological responses to TT need further study.
Plasma 16 beta-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone in normal and pathological conditions in man.

Plasma 16β-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone (16 β-OH-DHEA) levels in normal subjects and patients with certain pathological conditionshave been evaluated using radioimmunoassay of the steroid. Plasma 16 β-OH-DHEA levels in normal subjects rose sharply during adolescence and then declined slowly throughout adult life: 192 ± 54 (se) pg/ml between 7 and 11 yrs., 395 ± 22 pg/ml between 15 and 19 yrs., 330 ± 29 pg/ml between 20 and 39 yrs., 261 ± 35 pg/ml between 40 and 59 yrs., and 124 ± 20 over 60 yrs. No significant difference was found between male and female subjects. Plasma 16 β-OH-DHEA rose significantly (P < 0.001) during ACTH stimulation, declined significantly (P < 0.005) during dexamethasone suppression, declined significantly (P < 0.05) during gonadal suppression, rose significantly (P<0.05) during gonadal stimulation and rose significantly (P < 0.005) after the administration of WIN 24, 540, an inhibitor of 3 β-ol-dehydrogenase. The concentration of 16 β-OH-DHEA in adrenal venous blood was higher tha...
Field Study of In Situ Subgrade Soil Response Under Flexible Pavements

Falling weight deflectometer (FWD) and truck tests were performed on three instrumented flexible pavement sections at the Minnesota Road Research project. The purposes of the study were (1) to investigate sub-grade soil response under FWD and moving truck loads and (2) to estimate in situ resilient modulus of the subgrade soil. The truck tests were performed at various speeds ranging from 16 to 78 km/h. The subgrade deformations and the vertical pressures on the top of the subgrade soils were measured from in situ displacement and soil pressure gauges. The experimental results showed that the deformations and the vertical pressures, in general, did not show significant dependency of truck speed within the above speed range. However, a slight decrease of the vertical pressure with increase of speed was observed for a thin conventional pavement section, while the vertical pressure in a relatively thick pavement section appeared to be less sensitive to speed. The results from FWD tests indicated that the sub...
Improved Procedures for Determining Surface Pressures in Low-Density Hypersonic Flow

Depending on the type of surface pressure measuring technique used, there are often difficulties associated with accurately determining surface pressures on bodies in low-density hypersonic flows. The errors arising in the three most commonly used measuring techniques are discussed, and a means of converting the measured pressure to the surface pressure is given for each technique. The inadequacies of previous conversion or correction schemes are assessed through comparisons of experimental data. Guidelines are deduced by using two of the most popular techniques to measure pressures on a flat plate model placed in a hypersonic flow where M f = 25, Re/.x ~ 1000/in.
A study of tension test specimens of laminated hybrid composites. 1: Methods of approach

This paper covers the statistical analysis, stress analysis, and failure characteristics of two types of tension specimens used for testing fiber/metal hybrid laminates. The specimen geometries considered are straight-sided and dogbone-type specimens. Statistical analysis of the results from both specimen types shows that the longitudinal mean tensile ultimate strength is significantly different at the 5% significance level, however, this difference becomes insignificant if the size effect is taken into account. However, the means of the tensile yield strength and tensile modulus are found to be independent of specimen type. Stress analysis of the dogbone-type specimen shows it to be subjected to high shear stresses and tensile stress concentrations which tend to degrade its mechanical performance. Results from both analytical and experimental studies suggest that it is better to use the straight-sided specimen on tension testing for fiber/metal hybrid laminates. Fracture topography of specimens is also investigated and interpreted.
Aromatic hydroxylation of ellipticine in rats: lack of an NIH shift.

Metabolites of the antitumor agent, ellipticine (NSC 71795), are mainly secreted in rat bile as two conjugates of hydroxylated ellipticine. The possible involvement of an arene oxide intermediate prior to hydroxylation and conjugation has been studied using 7,9-dideutero-ellipticine and by determining the conservation of deuterium in the phenolic products. The deuterated drug was synthesized by acid catalyzed exchange and was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance and high and low resolution mass spectrometry. Mass spectra of two conjugated metabolites from rat bile showed a mass ion at m/e 263 (singly deuterated hydroxylated ellipticine). There was no evidence for conservation of deuterium at the position of hydroxylation (m/e 264). These results indicate that the major pathway of metabolism for this cancer chemotherapeutic drug, prior to conjugation and excretion in rat bile, proceeds by aromatic hydroxylation apparently without involving an arene oxide/NIH shift mechanism.
Potential Constants of Diacetylene

A MISINTERPRETATION of the vibrational spectrum of diacetylene (HC≡C—C≡CH)1 led to very low values of the potential (force) constant corresponding to the central carbon–carbon bond. Although some justification was offered for this low value2,3 the recent experimental work of Jones4 and a correlation study of diacetylene and similar molecules5 led to the conclusion that the previous assignment of the fundamental frequencies and, therefore, the potential constants obtained from them, must be discarded. Several recent publications1,4,6 agree in giving a value for the central carbon–carbon bond-stretching potential constant which is substantially higher than the value corresponding to a single bond.
Microcrustacea in flowing water: experimental analysis of washout times and a field test

SUMMARY 1. Flow-chamber experiments were conducted to evaluate the ability of microcrustacea to maintain position in moving water. These results were compared to distributions of zooplankton and water velocity in a stream pool to determine the relationship of animal density to water movement and swimming ability. 2. Cladocerans exhibited negative rheotaxis (directed behaviour against a current) but poor ability to maintain position at velocities >2.5cm s−1. Daphnia and Scapholeberis were better at avoiding washout than Moina and Diaphanosoma. At velocities <2.5cm s−1Eucyclops (Cyclopoida) tended to exhibit no rheotaxis. 3. Washout of Daphnia was complete at velocities >2.5cm s−1, Scapholeberis >3.2cm s−1 and Eucyclops >7.75 cm s−1. Washout time of Daphnia and Scapholeberis was positively related to body size and negatively to water velocity and possession of eggs. Washout was inversely related to water velocity for Eucyclops. 4. Highest densities of microcrustacea in a stream pool were found in non-flowing or downstream zones of the pool. Benthic (Hydracarina, harpacticoid copepods, ostracods) and fast-swimming (cyclopoids) forms were most common in flowing zones. Facultatively benthic Cladocera were abundant in regions of no flow. Rotifers and immature copepods were most abundant at the downstream end of the pool. 5. Behavioural mechanisms for remaining in stream pools at times of high flow appear to include: (i) flow avoidance (Simocephalus, Chydorus, Scapholeberis and cyclopoids), (ii) use of benthic habitat (ostracods, harpacticoids, Hydracarina), (iii) strong swimming ability (cyclopoids).
Maternal floor infarction of the placenta: association with central nervous system injury and adverse neurodevelopmental outcome.

Maternal Floor Infarction of the Placenta: Association With Central Nervous System Injury and Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcome
Amplitude-squared squeezing of the electromagnetic field

Operators are defined which correspond to the real and imaginary parts of the square of the field amplitude. These operators obey an uncertainty relation. Squeezing with respect to these operators is defined and minimum uncertainty states are discussed. A number of nonlinear optical processes are examined and shown to produce this effect. Interactions which couple one mode amplitude to the square of another convert this type of squeezing into normal squeezing. An example of such an interaction is given.
A tower of coverings of quasi-projective varieties

Abstract The main goal of this article is to relate asymptotic geometric properties on a tower of coverings of a non-compact Kahler manifold of finite volume with reasonable geometric assumptions to its universal covering. Examples to which our findings are applicable include moduli spaces of hyperbolic punctured Riemann surfaces and Hermitian locally symmetric spaces of finite volume.
Endovascular Treatment of Adult Spinal Arteriovenous Lesions

Spinal arteriovenous lesions (SAVLs) are rare disorders, the diagnosis of which can be established using various imaging modalities. To discern the various types of SAVL, spinal angiography of the entire neural axis is required. Surgery is the standard treatment of choice; however, ever advancing endovascular technology can provide a viable alternative. This article discusses the normal anatomy, arterial supply, and venous drainage of the spinal cord. The classification, pathophysiology, epidemiology, clinical presentation, natural history, and pathophysiology of SAVLs in adults are reviewed. Finally, endovascular treatment of these lesions is discussed.
HYPOLIPIDEMIC AGENTS ALTER HEPATIC MITOCHONDRIAL RESPIRATION IN VITRO

The direct effects of three different classes of structurally diverse hypolipidemic agents on respiration were studied in mitochondria isolated from donor Sprague-Dawley rats. Two classes of peroxisome proliferators (i.e. plasticizers and hypolipidemic hormones and drugs) and one class of peroxisome inhibitors (i.e. anti-psychotic drugs) were studied. The phthalate ester plasticizers dibutylphthalate, ethylhexanoic acid and di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate, the hypolipidemic hormones or drugs dehydro-epiandrosterone (DHEA), thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), gemfibrozil, clofibrate and naphthoflavone, and the anti-psychotic drugs chlorpromazine, thioridazine and fluphenazine were studied. As the dose of the plasticizer dibutylphthalate increased from 8 to 200 mumol/l, there was a decrease (P < 0.05) in state 3 (+ADP) respiration and in the respiratory control ratio for both substrates tested. The anti-psychotic drug chlorpromazine decreased state 3 malate + pyruvate-supported respiration and increased state 3 succinate-supported respiration. As the concentration of all three anti-psychotic drugs increased, there was a linear increase in state 4 respiration (-ADP) and a decrease in the respiratory control ratio for both substrates tested. As the dose of the hypolipidemic agents DHEA, gemfibrozil and T4 increased, there was a linear reduction in state 3 malate + pyruvate-supported respiration. However, when succinate was used as the substrate to support respiration, only the thyroid hormones significantly decreased state 3 respiration. Gemfibrozil, T4 and T3 increased state 4 respiration, regardless of the substrate used. As the dose of clofibrate, gemfibrozil, and the thyroid hormones increased, there was a linear reduction in the respiratory control ratio for both substrates tested.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Evidence for cross-reactivity of antigens at the level of thymus- -derived cells.

Abstract Cross-reactivity between sheep and horse red blood cells is not exhibited when measured by the plaque assay. It can, however, be demonstrated with the rosette test suggesting that cross-reactivity is expressed at the T-cell level, but not at the B-cell level.
The Effect of School-Specific Parenting Processes on Academic Achievement in Adolescence and Young Adulthood.

There is inconsistency in the current literature regarding the association between dimensions of parenting processes and academic achievement for adolescents. Further, few studies have extended such an association into young adulthood. In this study, we examined the effect of three dimensions of parenting processes, including school-specific involvement, general parental support, and parental expectations, on academic achievement in adolescence and in young adulthood. Using a large, nationally representative, and longitudinal sample, we found that results from regression analyses suggested that all three dimensions of parenting processes had a significant effect on adolescents' academic success. In particular, school-specific involvement had a stronger effect than general parental support and parental expectations. Further, parenting processes were indirectly associated with academic achievement later in young adulthood, partially through academic achievement in adolescence. Implications of the findings are also discussed.
Zinc, Copper and Manganese Toxicities in Turkey Poults and Their Alleviation by EDTA

Abstract THE essential nature of zinc (O’Dell and Savage, 1957; Supplee et al., 1958), copper (Elvehjem and Hart, 1929; Savage et al., 1962; Al-Ubaidi and Sullivan, 1963), and manganese (Wilgus et al., 1937; Ringrose et al., 1939; Evans et al., 1942) for poultry has been established. The availability of minerals present in the diet is improved by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) (Kratzer et al., 1959; Davis et al., 1962). Whether EDTA will make excesses of minerals more available and increase their toxicity is not known. Information regarding the tolerance and toxicities of these minerals and the effect of EDTA on them is needed to further understand chelate function in the animal. Zinc had no deleterious effects on chickens up to 1,000 p.p.m. but was growth depressing at 1,500 p.p.m. and caused severe mortality at 3,000 p.p.m. (Roberson and Schaible, 1960; Tahara et al., 1962). A depression in growth of chicks at 2,000 . . .
Adaptations to Physical Stresses in the Intertidal Zone: The Egg Capsules of Neogastropod Molluscs

Synopsis. The encapsulation of eggs within benthic egg capsules or gelatinous egg masses is a common phenomenon among many marine invertebrate groups, yet the functional significance of many aspects of these egg coverings remains unexplored. In this paper I review what is known about the effectiveness of neogastro? pod egg capsules in protecting embryos from physical stresses associated with the marine intertidal environment. Egg capsules spawned by intertidal neogastropod molluscs can provide embryos with significant protection from desiccation, osmotic stress, and ultraviolet (UV) radiation, relative to embryos devoid of such coverings. Despite this, capsules desiccate rapidly in air, are highly permeable to small solute molecules, and are not impervious to incident UV radiation. Egg capsules of in? tertidal gastropods are also substantially more permeable to water molecules than the well studied egg cases and egg shells of insects and terrestrial vertebrates and may be no more effective in protecting embryos from such physical stresses than the capsules of exclusively subtidal gastropods. Hence, capsular cases appear to be poorly adapted to protecting embryos from environmental stresses associated with periodic exposure to air. The degree to which the encapsulated embryos of inter? tidal neogastropods are protected from environmental stresses thus may be more reflective of adult spawning site selection and tolerances of encapsulated embryos to these stresses, than properties of the capsular case, per se. Clearly, however, there is much still to be learned about the protective nature of capsule walls and the tremendous diversity of egg coverings that exists within the Gastropoda.
Infinite Systems of Ordinary Differential Equations with Unbounded Coefficients and Moment Problems

In this paper we are going to study infinite systems of ordinary differential equations We are specifically interested in solving systems of equations that arise as moment equations associated with a Fokker-Planck [l] or pseudo Fokker- Planck [2; 3, Eq. (S)] e q ua t ions. These equations occur frequently in statis- tical physics. The moment problems we will consider are associated with a problem of the form (W4 (t) = A(t) u(t), 40) = *o 3 u(t) = 24(x, t) (1.2) A(t) = c a&) xp(d/dx)q.
Mediated Corruption: The Case of the Keating Five.

The Keating Five case exemplifies a form of a political corruption that is increasingly common in contemporary politics but frequently neglected in contemporary political science. I focus on this form by developing a concept of mediated corruption, which links the acts of individual officials to effects on the democratic process. Unlike conventional corruption, mediated corruption does not require that the public official act with a corrupt motive or that either public officials or citizens receive improper benefits. The concept of mediated corruption provides not only a more coherent account of the case of the Keating Five but also a more fruitful way of reuniting the concepts of systematic corruption in traditional political theory with the concepts of individual corruption in contemporary social science.
Granulomatous slack skin disease: a new combined proton and photon therapy approach with a reported case response

PurposeHere, we report the feasibility and long-term efficacy of a granulomatous slack skin disease (GSSD) treatment with combined high-energy photon and proton beams.Patient and methodsA GSSD patient with abdominal disease volume 25×15×2–4 cm deep was recommended for treatment at this institution. In addition to photons and electrons, high-energy protons delivered with advanced planning techniques and patient positioning were used. The patient was irradiated to a total dose of 40 Gy by using 20 Gy matched photon and electrons followed by 20 Gy equivalent protons delivered by using innovative range compensation and patient positioning.ResultsThe test patient tolerated the treatment well and is now a 10-year survivor of the disease.ConclusionsTreatment of GSSD with protons is feasible. The range and narrow penumbra properties of the proton beam provided an ideal capability to match fields accurately to cover large volumes while also sparing underlying normal tissues.
Surgical Management of Vocal Fold Paralysis and Cricopharyngeal Dysfunction as a Cause of Aspiration

Aspiration and pharyngeal dysphagia occur across various age groups as a result of numerous conditions, such as neurological, oncological, or inflammatory processes. After nonsurgical techniques fa...
Free-water clearance and the early recognition of acute renal insufficiency after cardiopulmonary bypass.

Abstract The predictive value of free-water clearance measurements for the early recognition of acute renal insufficiency was evaluated in 59 patients immediately following cardiopulmonary bypass. Blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine measurements were taken before and after operation. Intraoperatively, immediately after completion of bypass, urine and serum samples were obtained for osmolality. Duration of bypass, urine output, degree of hemolysis, and quality of perfusion were recorded. Fifty-four patients developed no signs of renal insufficiency following bypass, and all had free-water clearance values equal to or less than −20 ml per hour. Five patients who had free-water clearance values equal to or greater than −8 ml per hour developed manifestations of an acute renal insufficiency state. There were no false-negative or false-positive determinations. Consequently, free-water clearance measurements appear to be a reliable indicator of those patients who will develop renal insufficiency following cardiopulmonary bypass. Early recognition provides an opportunity immediately after operation for initiating treatment consisting of administration of diuretics, potassium restriction, and oliguric fluid regimens.
Speed scaling for stretch plus energy

Abstract We consider speed scaling problems where the objective is to minimize a linear combination of arbitrary scheduling objective S , and energy E . A natural conjecture is that there is an O ( 1 ) -competitive algorithm for S on a fixed speed processor if and only if there is an O ( 1 ) -competitive algorithm for S + E on a processor with an arbitrary power function. We give evidence to support this conjecture by providing an O ( 1 ) -competitive algorithm for the objective of integer stretch plus energy.
Expression level, cellular compartment and metabolic network position all influence the average selective constraint on mammalian enzymes

A gene's position in regulatory, protein interaction or metabolic networks can be predictive of the strength of purifying selection acting on it, but these relationships are neither universal nor invariably strong. Following work in bacteria, fungi and invertebrate animals, we explore the relationship between selective constraint and metabolic function in mammals. We measure the association between selective constraint, estimated by the ratio of nonsynonymous (Ka) to synonymous (Ks) substitutions, and several, primarily metabolic, measures of gene function. We find significant differences between the selective constraints acting on enzyme-coding genes from different cellular compartments, with the nucleus showing higher constraint than genes from either the cytoplasm or the mitochondria. Among metabolic genes, the centrality of an enzyme in the metabolic network is significantly correlated with Ka/Ks. In contrast to yeasts, gene expression magnitude does not appear to be the primary predictor of selective constraint in these organisms. Our results imply that the relationship between selective constraint and enzyme centrality is complex: the strength of selective constraint acting on mammalian genes is quite variable and does not appear to exclusively follow patterns seen in other organisms.
Perforation of honeycomb sandwich plates by projectiles

Abstract An analytical solution for the ballistic limit of a honeycomb plate subjected to normal impact by blunt and spherical projectiles is presented. The solution involves a three-stage, perforation process that results in complete perforation of the sandwich. Stages 1–3 describe perforation of the top facesheet, honeycomb core, and bottom facesheet, respectively. Residual velocities in Stages 1 and 2 are found from energy balances between each stage. The plastic work dissipated in deformation and fracture at each stage is approximated from the solution of the previous stage. Shear forces are transmitted in the bond between facesheets and honeycomb core. The predicted ballistic limits are found to be within 5% of the measured ballistic limits for sandwich plates perforated by the blunt and spherical projectiles. The lateral extent and deformation of the damaged facesheets are also found to be within 34 and 51% of limited test results, respectively. It has also been found that most of the work is dissipated in perforation of the bottom facesheet during impact. The work to perforate the bottom facesheet by the blunt and spherical projectiles accounts for 63–85 and 55% of the initial kinetic energy, respectively. Therefore, the perforation resistance of the bottom facesheet, rather than the top facesheet or honeycomb core, would be an important parameter in determining the perforation resistance of the entire sandwich panel.
Efficacy, acceptability and safety of medication abortion in low-income, urban Latina women

Abstract Background Health care providers may be reluctant to offer medication abortion to low-income, non-English-speaking populations. Concerns include lack of patient interest, incorrect use of misoprostol at home, missing mandatory follow-up visits and inappropriate use of emergency services. We describe the appeal, acceptability, safety and follow-up rates of medication abortion in a low-income Latina population in New York City. Study Design Nested analysis of 270 subjects up to 63 days' gestation enrolled in a multicenter trial of medication abortion comparing different mifepristone–misoprostol intervals. After receiving mifepristone, subjects were instructed on home use of misoprostol, what to do in an emergency and when to return. Results This population was predominantly Spanish-speaking, unmarried, poor and publicly insured. Ninety-six percent took the misoprostol at home correctly, 90% returned as scheduled without reminders and 2% were lost to follow-up. Ninety-six percent described the experience as positive or neutral and 94% would recommend medication abortion to a friend. Three serious adverse events occurred and women accessed emergency services appropriately. Conclusion Medication abortion can be a very appealing, safe and effective option in low-income, non-English-speaking populations.
Sequential responding and planning in capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella)

Previous experiments have assessed planning during sequential responding to computer generated stimuli by Old World nonhuman primates including chimpanzees and rhesus macaques. However, no such assessment has been made with a New World primate species. Capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) are an interesting test case for assessing the distribution of cognitive processes in the Order Primates because they sometimes show proficiency in tasks also mastered by apes and Old World monkeys, but in other cases fail to match the proficiency of those other species. In two experiments, eight capuchin monkeys selected five arbitrary stimuli in distinct locations on a computer monitor in a learned sequence. In Experiment 1, shift trials occurred in which the second and third stimuli were transposed when the first stimulus was selected by the animal. In Experiment 2, mask trials occurred in which all remaining stimuli were masked after the monkey selected the first stimulus. Monkeys made more mistakes on trials in which the locations of the second and third stimuli were interchanged than on trials in which locations were not interchanged, suggesting they had already planned to select a location that no longer contained the correct stimulus. When mask trials occurred, monkeys performed at levels significantly better than chance, but their performance exceeded chance levels only for the first and the second selections on a trial. These data indicate that capuchin monkeys performed very similarly to chimpanzees and rhesus monkeys and appeared to plan their selection sequences during the computerized task, but only to a limited degree.
A single amino-acid substitution in the EP2 prostaglandin receptor confers responsiveness to prostacyclin analogs.

A high degree of homology between the four G s -coupled prostaglandin (PG) receptors [EP 2 , EP 4 , prostacyclin (IP), PGD 2 (DP)] and the four G q /G i -coupled receptors [EP 1 , EP 3 , PGF 2α (FP), thromboxane A 2 (TP)] suggests that prostaglandin receptors evolved functionally from an ancestral EP receptor before the development of distinct binding epitopes. If so, ligand selectivity should be determined by a limited number of amino acids. EP 2 receptor transmembrane domain residues that are similar to those in the EP 4 receptor but differ from those in the IP receptor were mutated to the corresponding IP receptor residue. Activation of the mutant receptors by PGE 2 (EP 2 ligand), iloprost (stable prostacyclin analog), and PGE 1 (EP 2 /IP ligand) was determined using a cAMP-dependent reporter gene assay. A Leu304-to-tyrosine substitution in the seventh transmembrane domain enhanced iloprost potency approximately 100-fold. A glycine substitution at Ser120 in the third transmembrane domain had no effect on drug potency but improved the response of the Tyr304 mutant. The potency of the natural prostaglandins PGF 2α and PGD 2 was not enhanced by the mutations. In contrast, the potency of all prostaglandins was reduced 10- to 100-fold when arginine 302, which is thought to be a counterion for the prostaglandin carboxylic acid, was mutated. Thus, a single amino acid change resulted in a selective gain of function for iloprost, which is consistent with the proposed phylogeny of the prostaglandin receptors.
Phosphorylating pathways and fatigue development in contracting Xenopus single skeletal muscle fibers.

To investigate the differential contribution of oxidative and substrate-level phosphorylation to force production during repetitive, maximal tetanic contractions, single skeletal muscle fiber perfo...
Design and development of high-drug-load paclitaxel (PTX)-antibody conjugates: Synthesis and preliminary evaluation of soluble paclitaxel (sPTX) and sPTX-cetuximab conjugates

e14634 Background: Tumor cell surface receptor-targeted therapy of cancer is an effective treatment strategy and monoclonal antibody (MAb)-drug conjugates hold promise as tumor-specific drug delive...