cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Constitution and the Future of Criminal Justice in America: Is the Fourth Amendment Relevant in a Technological Age?

This work will be a chapter in a forthcoming book in The Future of the Constitution series, edited by Jeffrey Rosen and Benjamin Wittes and published by the Brookings Institute. Over the past 200 years, the Fourth Amendment’s guarantees have been construed largely in the context of what might be called "physical searches" - entry into a house or car; a stop and frisk of a person on the street; or rifling through a person’s private papers. But today, with the introduction of devices that can see through walls and clothes, monitor public thoroughfares twenty-four hours a day, and access millions of records in seconds, police are relying much more heavily on what might be called "virtual searches," investigative techniques that do not require physical access to premises, people, papers or effects and that can often be carried out covertly from far away. The Supreme Court’s current Fourth Amendment jurisprudence - specifically, its "knowing exposure," "general public use," "contraband-specific," "assumption of risk" and "special needs" doctrines - has both failed to anticipate this development and continued to ignore it. This article describes this jurisprudence and how it can foster law enforcement abuse, mission creep, mistaken seizures and physical searches, and an oppressive atmosphere even for the innocent. It then outlines a more technologically-sensitive Fourth Amendment framework.
Bargaining on the U.S. Supreme Court: Justices' Responses to Majority Opinion Drafts

Supreme Court opinions contain legal rules with broad policy ramifications, and justices try to shape the substance of the Court's opinions. Despite this expectation, scholars have neither systematically measured nor explained the extent to which justices attempt to affect majority opinions. We articulate and test a model that explains how justices respond to majority opinion drafts. Our argument is that justices decide how to respond based on the effect a choice will have on securing their policy goals. The costs or benefits of a choice, moreover, are a function of strategic and contextual factors, including a justice's agreement with an opinion, the collaborative decision-making setting on the Court, case characteristics, and attributes of the justices. Our data analysis strongly supports our argument showing that, among other considerations, justices' responses result from their disagreement with an opinion, the author's prior level of cooperation with them, and the salience of a case.
Low dose combination of morphine and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol circumvents antinociceptive tolerance and apparent desensitization of receptors

Morphine and delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) produce antinociception via mu opioid and cannabinoid CB1 receptors, respectively, located in central nervous system (CNS) regions including periaqueductal gray and spinal cord. Chronic treatment with morphine or THC produces antinociceptive tolerance and cellular adaptations that include receptor desensitization. Previous studies have shown that administration of combined sub-analgesic doses of THC+morphine produced antinociception in the absence of tolerance. The present study assessed receptor-mediated G-protein activity in spinal cord and periaqueductal gray following chronic administration of THC, morphine or low dose combination. Rats received morphine (escalating doses from 1 to 6x75 mg s.c. pellets or s.c. injection of 100 to 200 mg/kg twice daily), THC (4 mg/kg i.p. twice daily) or low dose combination (0.75 mg/kg each morphine (s.c) and THC (i.p.) twice daily) for 6.5 days. Antinociception was measured in one cohort of rats using the paw pressure test, and a second cohort was assessed for agonist-stimulated [35S]GTPgammaS binding. Chronic administration of morphine or THC produced antinociceptive tolerance to the respective drugs, whereas combination treatment did not produce tolerance. Administration of THC attenuated cannabinoid CB1 receptor-stimulated G-protein activity in both periaqueductal gray and spinal cord, and administration of morphine decreased mu opioid receptor-stimulated [35S]GTPgammaS binding in spinal cord or periaqueductal gray, depending on route of administration. In contrast, combination treatment did not alter cannabinoid CB1 receptor- or mu opioid receptor-stimulated G-protein activity in either region. These results demonstrate that low dose THC-morphine combination treatment produces antinociception in the absence of tolerance or attenuation of receptor activity.
Computer-generated admission forms have greater accuracy

We examined the accuracy of computer-generated admission forms to standardized handwritten admission forms for 40 patient records. There was a mean of 8.3 errors among handwritten forms but only 0.9 errors among computerized forms (p < 0.0001). Written forms had seven serious errors versus one for computerized forms (p < 0.05). We conclude that computerized admission forms have superior accuracy.
Group key management utilizing Huffman and Petrick based approaches

One of the major issues in secure multicast networks is scalable key distribution. When user(s) leave(s) the group, the group key has to be changed and the new key has to be distributed to the remaining users. If the size of the group is large, distribution overhead increases. We propose the Modified Huffman Technique for efficiently distributing the key(s), after the removal of users from a secure group. In the presence of multiple leaves, the overhead gets compounded. We utilize Petrick's method of Boolean logic minimization instead of QuineMcLuskey method for a better performance in the case of multiple leaves. Simulation results confirm that our scheme minimizes the number of keys that has to be changed after user's exit from the network and hence reduces the redistribution overhead.
Virtual fault tolerance

Brian Randell had many early ideas on the way that virtual systems could make programming more fault tolerant and allow computing systems to be more dependable. He developed these ideas with an architecture for acceptance testing and backup to previous safe points on failure of a test. The architecture provided for multiple versions of methods to pass a test, and it extended to multithreaded programs and atomic transactions. We will review the principles of these systems and then comment on how they apply in today's systems. We suggest that capability architecture, an important offshoot of virtual systems, could usefully be combined with Randell's architecture. The combination could offer a means to reduce the modern anxiety over Trojan Horse attacks against hardware and software.
Metastasis infiltration: an investigation of the postoperative brain-tumor interface.

Purpose This study aims to evaluate brain infiltration of metastatic tumor cells past the main tumor resection margin to assess the biological basis for the use of stereotactic radiosurgery treatment of the tumor resection cavity and visualized resection edge or clinical target volume. Methods and Materials Resection margin tissue was obtained after gross total resection of a small group of metastatic lesions from a variety of primary sources. The tissue at the border of the tumor and brain tissue was carefully oriented and processed to evaluate the presence of tumor cells within brain tissue and their distance from the resection margin. Results Microscopic assessment of the radially oriented tissue samples showed no tumor cells infiltrating the surrounding brain tissue. Among the positive findings were reactive astrocytosis observed on the brain tissue immediately adjacent to the tumor resection bed margin. Conclusions The lack of evidence of metastatic tumor cell infiltration into surrounding brain suggests the need to target only a narrow depth of the resection cavity margin to minimize normal tissue injury and prevent treatment size–dependent stereotactic radiosurgery complications.
The teleost agouti-related protein 2 gene is an ohnolog gone missing from the tetrapod genome

A central question in evolutionary genomics is how morphological differences between taxa arise from differences in gene repertoire. Answers require rigorous orthology assignments. Recent work (1) illuminated the mechanism of background adaptation in teleost fishes by investigating the function of agouti-related protein 2 (agrp2), a gene so far found only in teleosts.
Symbiontic Interrelationships Between Microbes and Ambrosia Beetles. I. The Organs of Microbial Transport and Perpetuation of Xyloterinus politus

Serial sections of adults of Xyloterinus politus (Say) from Quercus revealed 2 pairs of mycangia in the females and 1 pair in males. Different fungi have been isolated from the 2 pairs of mycangia.
Enhanced p-type dopability of P and As in CdTe using non-equilibrium thermal processing

One of the main limiting factors in CdTe solar cells is its low p-type dopability and, consequently, low open-circuit voltage (VOC). We have systematically studied P and As doping in CdTe with first-principles calculations in order to understand how to increase the hole density. We find that both P and As p-type doping are self-compensated by the formation of AX centers. More importantly, we find that although high-temperature growth is beneficial to obtain high hole density, rapid cooling is necessary to sustain the hole density and to lower the Fermi level close to the valence band maximum (VBM) at room temperature. Thermodynamic simulations suggest that by cooling CdTe from a high growth temperature to room temperature under Te-poor conditions and choosing an optimal dopant concentration of about 1018/cm3, P and As doping can reach a hole density above 1017/cm3 at room temperature and lower the Fermi level to within ∼0.1 eV above the VBM. These results suggest a promising pathway to improve the VOC and...
Management Control System– MBO

Every business needs to operate successfully and to attain its full potential in terms of sales and profits, it is necessary to establish managerial planning and control systems. It is the purpose of this paper to introduce the basic concepts of delegation and Management by Objectives (MBO). Specific methods to apply these techniques are also discussed. The paper argues that execution of MBO needs dynamic and transformational leadership at the top level, and commitment of management at all levels starting from the top-down to the operating level. Finally, this paper provides directions for future research.
Hybrid-Scheduling for Reduced Energy Consumption in High-Performance Processors

This paper develops a technique that uniquely combines the advantages of compile-time static scheduling and hardware dynamic scheduling to reduce energy consumption in dynamically scheduled processors. In this hybrid-scheduling paradigm, regions of the application containing large amounts of parallelism visible at compile-time bypass the dynamic scheduling hardware and execute in a low-power static mode. Experiments on several media and scientific benchmarks demonstrate that the proposed scheme can provide significant reduction in energy consumption with negligible performance degradation
Intraorbital foreign body projectile as a consideration for unilateral pupillary defect

Intraorbital foreign bodies are frequently the result of high-velocity injuries with varying clinical presentations. The resultant diagnosis, management, and outcome depend on the type of foreign body present, anatomical location, tissue disruption, and symptomatology. A patient who presented to the Emergency Department with a large intraorbital foreign body projectile that was not evident clinically, but found incidentally on computed tomography and subsequent plain films is reported. The emergency room physician needs to be aware of the differential diagnosis of a unilateral irregular pupil with or without visual acuity changes. The differential diagnosis for any trauma patient with an irregular pupil with significant visual loss must include intraorbital foreign body and associated injury to the optic nerve directly or via orbital compartment syndrome secondary to hemorrhage and/or edema. Patients with significantly decreased visual acuity may benefit from emergent surgical intervention. In patients with intact visual acuity, the patient must be monitored closely for any visual changes as this may require emergent surgical intervention.
Mill's Qualitative Hedonism

Rex Martin's 'A Defence of Mill's Qualitative Hedonism' (Philosophy, 47, No. i8o (April 1972), pp. I405') seeks to defend Mill against critics who have claimed that to be consistent he must either give up his hedonism or give up his distinction between 'higher' and 'lower' pleasures. Underlying the posing of such a dilemma, Martin thinks, is an interpretation of Mill that for him kinds of pleasure when differing intrinsically as higher/ lower are not differing as more/less pleasant. If, however, Mill believed that kinds of pleasure do differ in their degree of being pleasant and that the higher or preferred kind is the more pleasant, then the critics would have no basis for saying that hedonism and Mill's qualitative distinction are in principle incompatible. Martin explores the possibility of just such an interpretation, but his final analysis is more complex. He makes a distinction between comparing pleasures and comparing kinds of life. The distinction is expressed in the following crucial passage:
Integration of Augmented Reality and Assistive Devices for Post-Stroke Hand Opening Rehabilitation

Impairment of hand function is prevalent among stroke survivors, motivating the search for effective rehabilitation therapy. Recent studies have suggested that for upper extremity functional recovery, repetitive training with virtual reality is helpful. Repetitive training can be facilitated with assistance from mechanical devices. Thus, we have developed a training environment that integrates augmented reality (AR) with assistive devices for post-stroke hand rehabilitation. The AR element of our environment utilizes head mounted display and virtual objects for reach-and-grasp task training. The assistive device consists of either a body-powered orthosis (BPO) or a pneumatic-powered device (PPD), both of which are incorporated into gloves. This environment can be easily set up and calibrated, is customizable for individual users, and requires active user participation. Additionally, it can be used with both real and virtual objects, as desired. We are currently conducting pilot case studies to assess ease of use and efficacy. At present, one stroke survivor from each of the three training conditions, AR-with-BPO, AR-with-PPD and AR-only (acting as the control), has completed the 6-week training paradigm. Preliminary findings suggest user acceptance of the technology and some potential for beneficial effects
Glucose-dependent, cAMP-mediated ATP efflux from Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Extracellular ATP plays an important role in the physiology of multicellular organisms; however, it is unknown whether unicellular organisms such as yeast also release ATP extracellularly. Experiments are described here which show that Saccharomyces cerevisiae releases ATP to the extracellular fluid. This efflux required glucose and the rate was increased dramatically by the proton ionophores nigericin, monensin, carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone and carbonyl cyanide p-(trifluoromethoxy)-phenylhydrazone; ATP efflux was also increased by the plasma membrane proton pump inhibitor diethylstilbestrol. The increase in the concentration of extracellular ATP was not due to cell lysis or general disruption of plasma membrane integrity as measured by colony-forming and methylene-blue-staining assays. ATP efflux was strictly correlated with a rise in intracellular cAMP; therefore, the cAMP pathway is likely to be involved in triggering ATP efflux. These results demonstrate that yeast cells release ATP in a regulated manner.
Distract-R: rapid prototyping and evaluation of in-vehicle interfaces

As driver distraction from in-vehicle devices increasingly becomes a concern on our roadways, researchers have searched for better scientific understanding of distraction along with better engineering tools to build less distracting devices. This paper presents a new system, Distract-R, that allows designers to rapidly prototype and evaluate new in-vehicle interfaces. The core engine of the system relies on a rigorous cognitive model of driver performance, which the system integrates with models of behavior on the prototyped interfaces to generate predictions of distraction. Distract-R allows a designer to prototype basic interfaces, demonstrate possible tasks on these interfaces, specify relevant driver characteristics and driving scenarios, and finally simulate, visualize, and analyze the resulting behavior as generated by the cognitive model. The paper includes two sample studies that demonstrate the system's ability to account for effects of input modality and driver age on performance.
PP07.4 – 2585: Epileptic status in pediatrics. Our experience

Objective Status epilepticus (SE) is the most common neurological emergency on pediatric. Given the possibility of neurological sequelae and mortality associated, It requires an early aggressive treatment. Methods Retrospective descriptive study based on the review of medical histories of patients admitted to our hospital from 2010 to 2013 with a diagnosis of SE. The objective was to describe the epidemiology characteristics and the management of these patients, and to review the available literature on this topic. Results We collected 39 patients (25 males) and 51 episodes of SE. Average age: 4.8 years. 22/39 had an underlying disease. 18/39 were known epileptic and 5/27 had a previous EE. With a total of 51 SE: 33/51 were symptomatic, 15/51 were febrile and 3/51 were cryptogenic. Types of status: 25/51 were partial (16/25 complex) and 26/51 were generalized. Treatment: 47/51 benzodiazepines as treatment of choice (40 diazepam), 3/51 phenytoin and 1/51 valproic acid. 27/51 required second-line drugs: 16 valproic, 8 phenytoin, 2 phenobarbital and 1 levetiracetam. 10/51 required third-line drugs for the induction of barbiturate-induced coma: Midazolam was the most used in our center, followed by thiopental and propofol. Two super-refractory status required immunoglobulins and systemic corticosteroids for appearing on the course of autoimmune encephalitis. Conclusion The therapeutic scheme of SE should be considered since the start of any seizure. The treatment is staggered with BZD in the first stage, broad spectrum antiepileptic drugs, and intravenous availability in the second (VPA, LEV in the generalized EE and PHT in the focal), while the third level varies depending on the experience of each team
The Variety of Property Tax Limits: Goals, Consequences, and Alternatives

The author says limitations on taxable values will not prevent tax increases if rates rise, and rate limitations may not restrict taxes if values rise.
Rosacea patients seeking advice: Qualitative analysis of patients' posts on a rosacea support forum.

AbstractBackground: Social media have become outlets for patients to voice opinions and ask questions. Since suffering from rosacea is an isolating experience and the disease is poorly understood, patients use social media to expand their knowledge about the condition. Objective: To understand rosacea patients’ online health information seeking habits to obtain a better insight of their educational needs. Methods: Ten percent of posts in online rosacea forum composed of 3350 members and 27 051 posts, discussing patient viewpoints and concern, selected by stratified random sampling. Three hundred and nine queries were directly categorized to patients “seeking advice” by two investigators and qualitatively analyzed. Results: Patients primarily sought advice about treatments (n = 155, 50.1%), triggers (n = 53, 17.1%), diet (n = 48, 15.5%), skin care (n = 37, 11.9%) and special presentations of the disease (n = 22, 7.1%). Questions frequently pertained to adverse effects, efficacy and target of therapy (78, 4...
The Walt Disney Company: 100-Year Bonds—Sleeping Beauties?

This case concerns the Walt Disney Company's issuance of a 100-year bond, which an investment analyst is trying to value. Duration, credit risk, and term structure are all important concepts that are used in the analysis.
All Work and All Play: Using Games to Teach Religion and Media

To help students learn the concepts, personages, and events central to a course on religion and media, students were charged with designing a board game or a card game that employed this information. They drew from required books and documentaries, which the instructor chose for breadth and inclusiveness, focusing on both print and electronic media as well as on Christianity, Judaism, and Islam. The games were evaluated according to the appeal and educational value of the game design, the clarity and coherence of the written instructions, and the accuracy, significance, and comprehensiveness of the knowledge tested. The assignment helped maximize the time students spent thinking about key information in the course. It also provided the instructor with games that students in future classes can play to help them learn terms central to the study of media and religion.
Infectious entry pathway mediated by the human endogenous retrovirus K envelope protein

ABSTRACT Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs), the majority of which exist as degraded remnants of ancient viruses, comprise approximately 8% of the human genome. The youngest human ERVs (HERVs) belong to the HERV-K(HML-2) subgroup and were endogenized within the past 1 million years. The viral envelope protein (ENV) facilitates the earliest events of endogenization (cellular attachment and entry), and here, we characterize the requirements for HERV-K ENV to mediate infectious cell entry. Cell-cell fusion assays indicate that a minimum of two events are required for fusion, proteolytic processing by furin-like proteases and exposure to acidic pH. We generated an infectious autonomously replicating recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) in which the glycoprotein was replaced by HERV-K ENV. HERV-K ENV imparts an endocytic entry pathway that requires dynamin-mediated membrane scission and endosomal acidification but is distinct from clathrin-dependent or macropinocytic uptake pathways. The lack of impediments to the replication of the VSV core in eukaryotic cells allowed us to broadly survey the HERV-K ENV-dictated tropism. Unlike extant betaretroviral envelopes, which impart a narrow species tropism, we found that HERV-K ENV mediates broad tropism encompassing cells from multiple mammalian and nonmammalian species. We conclude that HERV-K ENV dictates an evolutionarily conserved entry pathway and that the restriction of HERV-K to primate genomes reflects downstream stages of the viral replication cycle. IMPORTANCE Approximately 8% of the human genome is of retroviral origin. While many of those viral genomes have become inactivated, some copies of the most recently endogenized human retrovirus, HERV-K, can encode individual functional proteins. Here, we characterize the envelope protein (ENV) of the virus to define how it mediates infection of cells. We demonstrate that HERV-K ENV undergoes a proteolytic processing step and triggers membrane fusion in response to acidic pH—a strategy common to many viral fusogens. Our data suggest that the infectious entry pathway mediated by this ENV requires endosomal acidification and the GTPase dynamin but does not require clathrin-dependent uptake. In marked contrast to other betaretroviruses, HERV-K ENV imparts broad species tropism in cultured cells. This work provides new insights into the entry pathway of an extinct human virus and provides a powerful tool to further probe the endocytic route by which HERV-K infects cells.
Which Rectangular Chessboards Have a Knight's Tour?

(1991). Which Rectangular Chessboards Have a Knight's Tour? Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 64, No. 5, pp. 325-332.
Un espíritu cosmopolita, o la vida como educación: Octavio Paz y Rabindranath Tagore

In this article we approach cosmopolitanism as an educational orientation toward life. To be cosmopolitan-minded is to be receptive to new people, ideas, practices, and possibilities for conduct. This receptivity denotes more than tolerating others and their values, important as that accomplishment will always be. Rather, cosmopolitanism implies a willingness to learn from others —to approach their ways of life as possible sources of cultural, moral, and political guidance for one’s own. We illustrate this cosmopolitan spirit, or what we call life as education, by attending to two of its many exemplars across human history. Octavio Paz (1914-1998) and Rabindranath Tagore (1861-1941) were and are well-known poets and writers both in their natal places Mexico and India, respectively— and internationally. Both figures received the Nobel Prize in Literature, and both became heavily involved in cultural politics and public affairs even while identifying themselves, first and last, as poets. They enacted a dynamic cosmopolitan fusion of reflective openness to new ideas, people, and values with reflective loyalty to particular norms, beliefs, and traditions. We indicate how their vibrant example points the way to cosmopolitan-minded curriculum and pedagogy in schools.
Blood coagulation and hemophilioid disorders.

Hereditary bleeder states and syndromes of diffuse intravascular clotting are considered from the standpoint of laboratory diagnosis and the physiologic principles on which management is based. Availability of antihemophilic factor concentrates has revolutionized treatment of hemophilia A. The rationale for use of anticoagulants in managing diffuse intravascular clotting is outlined.
Cloning and characterization of three salamander retinal G-protein beta subunits

PURPOSE Recent evidence has shown that the beta-gamma dimers (beta gamma) of activated heterotrimeric G-proteins are important in many cellular signaling pathways. Since two distinct transducin alpha subunits have been cloned from the salamander retina, we aimed to identify and characterize the G-protein beta (Gbeta) subunits that are involved in visual signal transduction in the salamander. METHODS A salamander retina cDNA library was screened using degenerate oligonucleotide primers designed from a compilation of known Gbeta sequences. Tissue specific expression was determined by reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR). RESULTS The library screening resulted in the cloning of three full-length sequences, two of which encode proteins of 340 residues and the third being an iniation variant of 353 and 395 residues. No identical matches were found in GenBank but each shows highest homology to G-beta-1 (beta1), G-beta-3 (beta3), and G-beta-5 (beta5 and beta5L) subunits of other species, respectively. The beta1 and beta3 subunits are 84.7% identical to each other but both show only 52% identity to beta5 at the protein level. RT-PCR analysis showed that all the subunits are expressed in multiple tissues, including the retina. However, the beta5L splice variant was found only in the retina. CONCLUSIONS Three distinct Gbeta subunit transcripts are expressed in the salamander retina. These subunits have proven to be important in the visual system of mammalian models.
Immigration and Constitutional Consequences of Post-9/11 Policies Involving Arabs and Muslims in the United States: Is Alienage a Distinction Without a Difference?

There has been much public and academic discussion on post-9/11 government policies and whether their impact on Arabs and Muslims in the United States is unconstitutional “racial profiling” or legitimate immigration control based on constitutionally permissible nationality distinctions. The main assumption underlying this debate is that the focus of the government's policies in the “war on terror” is noncitizens, even if principally Arabs and Muslims. Thus, the racial profiling issues center on the differences between the constitutional due process analysis applied to noncitizens and that applied to citizens. This Article challenges the above argument and a number of its underlying assumptions. Part I challenges the assumption that the targets of the government's domestic policies in the “war on terror” are Arab and Muslim noncitizens. We review evidence indicating that U.S. government targeting of Arabs and Muslims, both aliens and citizens, began long before September 11, 2001. This part then examines the full range of post-9/11 government actions and concludes that the communities targeted are Arab and Muslim citizens as well as noncitizens. Part II addresses the long-term immigration and constitutional consequences of significant new policies and their effects on noncitizen Muslims and Arabs in the United States. Part II also analyzes whether the laws and policies meet constitutional standards in either the immigration or nonimmigration context. Part III concludes with an assessment of major policy changes and their long-term consequences -- across the citizen/noncitizen divide -- on the overall integrity of the constitutional system: consequences to free speech and association, checks and balances, and open judicial and governmental process.
Local Compressibility: Ground-State Predictions of Quantum Yield Trends in Azobenzene-Modified DNA

Azobenzene incorporated into DNA has a photoisomerization quantum yield that varies as a function of the local DNA sequence and base pairing near the azobenzene attachment site. We use Molecular Dynamics computer simulations to study the effects of local free volume on photoswitching in azobenzene-modified DNA, and we find that the azobenzene quantum yield correlates strongly with the sequence-dependent variance of the local free volume. We infer that differences in quantum yield are controlled by the free energy cost of emptying the volume surrounding the azobenzene. We use our simulations to correctly predict the quantum yields for azobenzenes in several sequences not previously measured. These results will be useful in the development of a wide range of applications of photoresponsive DNA nanotechnology, ranging from controlled gene expression to DNA sensing and nanoparticle assembly.
Hybrid model predictive control of active suspension with travel limits and nonlinear tire contact force

Optimal control techniques have been widely applied to the control of active suspensions. However, most of these applications did not consider the nonlinear effects existing in real suspension systems. In this paper, a constrained nonlinear quarter-car active suspension is simplified and modeled as a piecewise affine (PWA) system where the suspension elements may collide with bump stops or the tire may leave the ground. A hybrid MPC controller is first designed based on this model. The PWA system is then augmented in order to capture the previewed road information to further improve the performance. The resulting hybrid MPC controller is compared to a linear MPC design and a LQ-based controller in simulation. The hybrid MPC designs are shown to achieve better performances in terms of ride and road handling qualities over a large road disturbance.
Inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase

The first two steps in the metabolism of ethanol to acetate via acetaldehyde are predominantly catalyzed by alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), respectively. The efficiency of the enzymes involved in acetaldehyde disposition in humans is such that, during ethanol metabolism, blood acetaldehyde levels normally remain in the 1–2 µM range (section 10.4). Higher blood acetaldehyde levels are observed, however, during the disulfiram-ethanol reaction (DER), a condition induced by the ingestion of ethanol in individuals pretreated with disulfiram (DSSD). This led early to the surmise that the administration of DSSD results in an inhibition of acetaldehyde metabolism, and that the resulting raised acetaldehyde levels are responsible for the phenomenology of the DER (section 10.5). Moreover, because the DER is so intensely unpleasant, DSSD has been adopted as an aversely protective agent in the treatment of alcoholism (Chapter 11). This, in turn, has focused intense research interest on the enzymes involved in acetaldehyde metabolism and the mechanism of their inhibition.
Mechanisms of oncogene-induced genomic instability

Activating mutations in oncogenes promote uncontrolled proliferation and malignant transformation. Approximately 30% of human cancers carry mutations in the RAS oncogene. Paradoxically, expression of mutant constitutively active Ras protein in primary human cells results in a premature proliferation arrest known as oncogene-induced senescence (OIS). This is more commonly observed in human pre-neoplasia than in neoplastic lesions, and is considered a tumor suppressor mechanism. Senescent cells are still metabolically active but in a status of cell cycle arrest characterized by specific morphological and physiological features that distinguish them from both proliferating cells, and cells growth-arrested by other means. Although the molecular mechanisms by which OIS is established are not totally understood, the current view is that OIS in human cells is tightly linked to persistent activation of the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway, as a consequence of replication stress. Here we will highlight recent advances in our understanding of molecular mechanisms leading to hyper-replication stress in response to oncogene activation, and of the crosstalk between replication stress and persistent activation of the DDR. We will also discuss new evidence for DNA repair deficiencies during OIS, which might increase the genomic instability that drives senescence bypass and malignant transformation.
Control of Some Quantum Systems - Role of Phases

Abstract Constructive procedures for the exact control of a class of molecular and spin systems with sinusoidal pulses are described. It is shown that the phases of these fields plays a crucial role. It is also shown that the fields can be bounded in amplitude and that the number of phases required to be at the disposal of the experimenter is quite small. The fact that the amplitudes can be bounded in advance means, amongst other things, that the conditions needed for the underlying model to be valid, can be guaranteed to hold.
Influenza in Older Adults.

Annually, influenza viruses cause significant disease in older adults, varying with the virulence of the circulating strain, prior exposure to circulating strain, and influenza vaccine effectiveness. Older adults often present atypically (eg, without fever) and with complications of influenza infection such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and congestive heart failure exacerbations. Prevention methods include antiviral medications and vaccines. Current influenza vaccines have moderate effectiveness for the prevention of hospitalization, but newer more immunogenic vaccines designed for adults 65 years of age and older have been licensed.
Statins in venous thrombosis: more evidence, more basic science findings.

In the communication by Feng et al titled ‘Anti-inflammatory effects of simvastatin during the resolution phase of experimentally formed venous thrombi’, the authors demonstrated that simvastatin targets inflammatory pathways in venous thrombosis.1 Using a rabbit model of thrombus induced in the inferior vena cava, they found that simvastatin alone and in conjunction with heparin reduced plasma level and local expression of P-selectin, interleukin (IL)-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). Animals …
Balancing silicon/aluminum oxide junctions for super-plasmonic emission enhancement of quantum dots via plasmonic metafilms

We study the impact of structural features of Si/Al oxide junctions on metal-oxide plasmonic metafilms formed via placing such junctions in close vicinity of an Au/Si Schottky barrier. The emission intensity and dynamics of colloidal semiconductor quantum dots deposited on such metafilms are investigated, while the surface morphology and structural compositions of the Si/Al oxide junction are controlled. The results show the conditions wherein the Si/Al oxide junction can reshape the impact of plasmonic effects, allowing it to increase the lifetimes of excitons. Under these conditions, the plasmonic metafilms can quarantine excitons against the fluctuating trap environments of the quantum dots, offering super-plasmonic emission enhancement that includes enhancement of the spontaneous emission decay rate combined with the suppression of Auger decay.
A social cognitive theory-based framework for monitoring medication adherence applied to endocrine therapy in breast cancer survivors

Poor adherence to long-term therapies for chronic diseases, such as cancer, compromises effectiveness of treatment and increases the likelihood of disease progression, making medication adherence a critical issue in population health. While the field has documented many barriers to adherence to medication, it has also come up with few efficacious solutions to medication adherence, indicating that new and innovative approaches are needed. In this paper, we evaluate medication-taking behaviors based on social cognitive theory (SCT), presenting patterns of adherence stratified across SCT constructs in 33 breast cancer survivors over an 8-month period. Findings indicate that medication adherence is a very personal experience influenced by many simultaneously interacting factors, and a deeper contextual understanding is needed to understand and develop interventions targeting non-adherence.
A multi-factor empirical model for calculation of naupliar ingestion rate of the embayment copepod Acartia steueri Smirnov (Copepoda: Calanoida)

Mathematical approaches with multiple factors are essential for estimating in situ ingestion rates of copepod nauplii. The present study aimed to construct a multi-factor empirical model that could calculate naupliar carbon-specific ingestion rates using food concentrations and individual carbon weights. Laboratory feeding experiments were conducted to derive the functional response model and temperature quotient (Q10) of the naupliar stages of the embayment copepod Acartia steueri from NIII to NVI. Experiments were conducted with haptophyte Isochrysis galbana at different concentrations for all stages and at different temperatures for NV. Carbon-specific ingestion rates in relation to food concentration followed a type III functional response model at every developmental stage, with two constants of a maximum carbon-specific ingestion rate and a half-saturation food concentration. Each of the two constants varied and was significantly related to individual carbon weights, and two relational equations were obtained from the relationships. By substituting the equations into a type III functional response model, an empirical model was constructed. Carbon-specific ingestion rates of NV increased with increasing temperature and Q10 was determined to be 2.37. Estimated carbon-specific ingestion rates calculated using the empirical model and Q10 were significantly related to the measured carbon-specific ingestion rates. This trend was also confirmed in a dataset of ingestion rates of Oithona davisae nauplii quoted from a previous study. This suggests that the empirical model proposed here might be widely applicable for other species of copepod nauplii.
Photoproduction of heavy vector mesons: The ϒ(9.4)

Abstract The predictions based on the vector meson dominance model (VMD) and the tensor-coupled pomeron for the photoproduction of heavy vector mesons are revised, and corrections to the model are proposed as suggested by the experimental data for the light vector mesons and the ψ (3100). In particular, the string model is used to predict the Regge trajectories of the heavy vector mesons (ψ, ϒ, …) which results in a correction to the predicted heavy vector meson-nucleon total cross section in agreement with the ψ data. The q 2 dependence of VMD is also discussed. The cross section for the photoproduction of the ϒ (9.4) is estimated within this framework.
Forensic study of premature failures with unbonded concrete overlay on interstate 70 in Ohio

This paper presents the results and findings from a forensic investigation initiated in 2014 to identify the causes of premature failures on an unbonded concrete overlay (UBCO) on Interstate 70 in Madison County, Ohio. This project was constructed in 1999 and 2000. Premature distress, including transverse cracking, corner breaks and slab settlement began to appear in 2008. Falling weight deflectometer (FWD) and distress survey data were collected from the field during the investigation. MIT Scan was used to evaluate dowel alignment. Concrete samples were taken from the field and tested in the laboratory. HIPERPAV was used to evaluate early behaviour of the Portland cement concrete (PCC). Results of finite element analysis was used to help understand the mechanisms responsible for the premature distresses. Key findings include: sections with thicker bondbreaker delayed distress formation; and lack of drainage led to the presence of water in the joints, which contributed to distress.
A Quality Chinese-English Bilingual Education Program: Defining Success

This study aims to provide an in-depth case study of a Chinese-English bilingual program in the largest ISD of a Southwestern state, in the hope of shedding light on what makes a bilingual education program successful. Few research studies have systematically delved into an English-Chinese bilingual program as this one. The study illuminates that children in this immersion program have benefited from "additive bilingualism" in that they have learned a second language at no cost to their first language and also out-scored their non-immersion peers in state standardized exams. Employing qualitative methods, narrative inquiry in particular, this research study offers a compelling case that bilingual education does not hinder students’ English language acquisition. Instead, it accelerates students’ English proficiency development while promoting students’ second language acquisition, overall academic achievements, and sociocultural integration.
Strain engineering of electronic and magnetic properties of double-transition metal ferromagnetic semiconductor MXenes

Strain engineering appears as an effective way to modulate physical and chemical properties of two-dimensional (2D) materials. In contrast to their three-dimensional counterparts, 2D materials can withstand high strain before rapture, which promises unique opportunities to control and tune their electronic, optical, and magnetic properties. Recently predicted Hf 2 MnC 2 O 2 and Hf 2 VC 2 O 2 double transition metal ferromagnetic semiconductor MXenes show robust ferromagnetic ground state with high Curie temperature. In this study, we investigated the structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of those 2D materials under the biaxial strain using density functional theory. Both strain free monolayers are indirect bandgap semiconductors. Strain engineering can be exploited to turn semiconductor monolayers into metallic or semi-metallic ones depending on the size and type of the applied strain. For instance, a semiconductor to metal transition occurs at − 3 % compression and 8% tension in Hf 2 MnC 2 O 2 and also at − 2 % compression and 9% tension in Hf 2 VC 2 O 2. Electron and hole effective masses are able to be tuned significantly. The ferromagnetic phase becomes stronger (weaker) as compared to the anti-ferromagnetic phase of both types of monolayers by applying the biaxial tensile (compressive) strain. Our calculations indicated that the Curie temperature ( T C) is highly sensitive to the size and type of strain. T C increases (decreases) with the tensile (compressive) strain. While T C is 444 K at a compressive strain of 4%, it becomes 1577 K at a tensile strain of 8% for Hf 2 MnC 2 O 2.
FOXM1 Deubiquitination by USP21 Regulates Cell Cycle Progression and Paclitaxel Sensitivity in Basal-like Breast Cancer.

Summary The transcription factor FOXM1 contributes to cell cycle progression and is significantly upregulated in basal-like breast cancer (BLBC). Despite its importance in normal and cancer cell cycles, we lack a complete understanding of mechanisms that regulate FOXM1. We identified USP21 in an RNAi-based screen for deubiquitinases that control FOXM1 abundance. USP21 increases the stability of FOXM1, and USP21 binds and deubiquitinates FOXM1 in vivo and in vitro, indicating a direct enzyme-substrate relationship. Depleting USP21 downregulates the FOXM1 transcriptional network and causes a significant delay in cell cycle progression. Significantly, USP21 depletion sensitized BLBC cell lines and mouse xenograft tumors to paclitaxel, an anti-mitotic, frontline therapy in BLBC treatment. USP21 is the most frequently amplified deubiquitinase in BLBC patient tumors, and its amplification co-occurs with the upregulation of FOXM1 protein. Altogether, these data suggest a role for USP21 in the proliferation and potentially treatment of FOXM1-high, USP21-high BLBC.
Hexakis(N,N-dimethyl­formamide-κO)magnesium tetra­chloro­magnesate

The crystallographically independent unit of the title compound, [Mg(C3H7NO)6][MgCl4], consists of two six-coordinate magnesium dications and two four-coordinate magnesium dianions. The two cations are quasi-octa­hedral and statistically equivalent [average Mg—O = 2.07 (3) A] and the anions are quasi-tetra­hedral and statistically equivalent [average Mg—Cl = 2.334 (11) A].
A Physically Grounded Theory of Mind-Body Interaction

The classical materialist worldview of mainstream cognitive science leads to a conception of our minds as passive spectators watching our bodies execute their built-in programs. Yet this view seems to conflict with our experience of free will. Henry Stapp has long argued that quantum theory provides the basis for a theory of conscious agents possessing free will. This paper presents an account of how quantum theory may be employed by the brain to effect conscious volitional behavior. A path to empirically evaluating the theory is discussed.
Tales of conflict: narrative immersion and political aggression in the United States

Instances of political incivility and aggression are becoming increasingly common in the United States. This manuscript contributes to our understanding of why partisans increasingly condone verbal...
Histological Study of Hypervitaminosis D: The Relative Toxicity of the Vitamin D of Irradiated Ergosterol and Tuna Liver Oil

It has been possible to show by this series of tests that the ingestion by the rat of large amounts of Vitamin D in the form of tuna liver oil or tuna liver oil concentrate will cause calcification of certain tissues.
A Mixed Real and Floating-Point Solver

Reasoning about mixed real and floating-point constraints is essential for developing accurate analysis tools for floating-point programs. This paper presents FPRoCK, a prototype tool for solving mixed real and floating-point formulas. FPRoCK transforms a mixed formula into an equisatisfiable one over the reals. This formula is then solved using an off-the-shelf SMT solver. FPRoCK is also integrated with the PRECiSA static analyzer, which computes a sound estimation of the round-off error of a floating-point program. It is used to detect infeasible computational paths, thereby improving the accuracy of PRECiSA.