cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Isolated low high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C): implications of global risk reduction. Case report and systematic scientific review.

The importance of low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), elevated non HDL-C (as part of the metabolic syndrome, prediabetes, and type 2 diabetes mellitus), and an isolated low HDL-C is rapidly emerging. The antiatherosclerotic roles of reverse cholesterol transport and the pleiotropic antioxidant – anti-inflammatory mechanistic effects of HDL-C are undergoing rapid exponential growth. In 1997 a 53-year-old Caucasian male presented with a lipoprotein profile of many years duration with an isolated low HDL-C and uric acid levels in the upper quintile of normal. He developed an acute myocardial infarction involving the right coronary artery and had percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty with stenting of this lesion. He also demonstrated a non-critical non-flow limiting lesion of the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery at the time of this evaluation. Following a program of global risk reduction this patient has done well over the past 7 years and remains free of any clinical signs and symptoms of atherosclerosis. His HDL-C and uric acid levels are currently in the normal physiological range. Low HDL-C and isolated low HDL-C constitute an important risk factor for atherosclerosis. Therapies that lead to a return to normal physiologic range of HDL-C may result in the delay of atherosclerotic progression.
INFLUX AND TRANSEPITHELIAL FLUX OF AMINO ACIDS IN THE MUSSEL, MYTILUS EDULIS

SUMMARY The uptake of amino acids by the non-gill epithelia of the mantle cavity of Mytilus edulis L. was studied and compared with uptake by the gills. Amino acid entry rates and the subsequent distribution of amino acids to the other tissues of the animals were studied using high-performance liquid chromatography and radiochemical techniques. Uptake via the non-gill epithelia lining the mantle cavity was separated from uptake via the gill by employing a preparation in which the gills were surgically removed. Amino acid uptake by such animals was compared with that of suitably sham-operated controls. In short-term experiments (up to 2h), transfer of substrate from the gills to other tissues of the animal is extremely limited. Amino acids taken up by the non-gill epithelia of the mantle cavity are rapidly transferred to deeper tissues. Roughly 25 % of alpha-amino acids enter the animal via the non-gill epithelia. Estimates of total epithelial surface area for the gills and non-gill mantle epithelium are compared with entry rates of amino acid substrates via the two routes. The apparent densities of carriers for alanine and cycloleucine per unit area of surface are approximately equal for these two substrates. The density of taurine carriers per unit area of non-gill epithelium is apparently significantly higher than their density per unit area of gill epithelium. Finally, evidence is presented for differential sensitivity of taurine transporters in the non-gill epithelium to inhibition by alpha-amino acids.
The Von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Gene and Kidney Cancer

The von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor gene (VHL), which resides on chromosome 3p25, is mutated or silenced in >50% of sporadic clear cell renal cell carcinomas. Germ-line VHL mutations give rise to VHL disease, which is characterized by an increased risk of blood vessel tumors (hemangioblastomas) and renal cell carcinomas. In this setting, VHL inactivation gives rise to premalignant renal cysts. Additional genetic alterations are presumably required for conversion of these cysts to renal cell carcinomas. Restoration of VHL function in VHL-/- renal cell carcinomas is sufficient to inhibit tumorigenesis in vivo. On the basis of these and other data, VHL appears to be a critical gatekeeper with respect to the development of renal cell carcinoma. The VHL gene product, pVHL, is the substrate recognition module of an E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) for destruction in the presence of oxygen. Hypoxic cells, or cells lacking pVHL, accumulate high levels of HIF, which activates the transcription of a variety of genes, including vascular endothelial growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor B, and transforming growth factor alpha. We have demonstrated that inhibition of HIF is necessary and sufficient for tumor suppression by pVHL in renal cell carcinoma nude mouse xenograft assays. This provides a rationale for treating VHL-/- renal cell carcinoma with inhibitors of HIF or its downstream targets. Genotype-phenotype correlations in VHL disease suggest, however, that pVHL has targets in addition to HIF. Elucidating these targets should provide a more complete picture of how pVHL suppresses tumor growth.
SconeEdit: A Text-guided Domain Knowledge Editor

We will demonstrate SconeEdit, a new tool for exploring and editing knowledge bases (KBs) that leverages interaction with domain texts. The tool provides an annotated view of user-selected text, allowing a user to see which concepts from the text are in the KB and to edit the KB directly from this Text View. Alongside the Text View, SconeEdit provides a navigable KB View of the knowledge base, centered on concepts that appear in the text. This unified tool gives the user a text-driven way to explore a KB and add new knowledge.
The effect of vascular endothelial growth factor on the healing of ischaemic skin wounds

Abstract The effect of exogenous vascular endothelium growth factor (VEGF) on wound healing in an ischaemic skin flap model was evaluated in this study. Seventy-two Sprague–Dawley rats were used. Normal incisional wound and H-shaped double flaps were used as the wound models. The study was divided into two parts. In Part I, VEGF protein levels were determined from the incisional and H-shaped ischaemic wounds at 12 and 24 h, postoperatively. In Part II, tensile strength and immunohistochemical stains were examined to determine the level of microvessel density (MVD) at 1 and 2 weeks, postoperatively in simple incisional wounds, ischaemic wounds, and ischaemic wounds following 1 ml (1 μg/ml) exogenous VEGF injections into the subcutaneous tissue. The results showed a significantly higher level of VEGF protein in the ischaemic wounds than the incisional wounds. Tensile strength was statistically higher in the incisional wound group and in the ischaemic flap wounds with VEGF treatment compared to the ischaemic flaps with no treatment at 1 week, postoperatively ( p >0.05). MVD data indicated that ischaemic wound repair with VEGF treatment had significantly higher MVD than the normal incisional wounds and ischaemic wounds without treatment. We conclude that exogenous application of VEGF can increase early angiogenesis and tensile strength in the ischaemic wound.
Synthesis of Ribonucleic Acid and Protein in Plasmid-Containing Minicells of Escherichia coli K-12

Unlike the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-deficient minicells produced by F(-) parents, minicells produced by plasmid-containing strains contain significant amounts of plasmid DNA. We examined the ability of plasmid-containing minicells to synthesize ribonucleic acid (RNA) and protein. In vivo, minicells produced by F(-) parents are unable to incorporate radioactive precursors into acid-insoluble RNA or protein, whereas minicells produced by F', R(+), or Col(+) parents are capable of such synthesis. Using a variety of approaches, including polyacrylamide gel analysis of the RNA species produced and electron microscope autoradiography, we demonstrated that the synthesis observed in minicell preparations is a property of the plasmid-containing minicells and not a result of the few cells (approximately 1 per 10(6) minicells) contaminating the preparations. That the observed synthesis is of biological importance is suggested by the ability of plasmid-containing minicells to yield viable phage upon infection with T4.
Action-based planning

This paper presents an approach to domain representation and planning that is fundamentally different from traditional methods - an approach based strictly on actions and their interrelationships, rather than on state-based goals and preconditions. In particular, we focus on the action-based planner COLLAGE, describe its methods for plan-construction, and contrast them with more traditional planning techniques.
Foundations of Higher Radix Numeric Computation

Radix arithmetic is based on radix polynomials with addition and multiplication being polynomial arithmetic. The distinguishing feature of radix polynomials is the carry operation which identifies congruent radix polynomials modulo (x - r) where the constant r is the radix. The carry operation can be employed to reduce the range of coefficients of polynomials over the integers to prescribed "digit sets" which may provide canonical representations or allow redundancy. We describe choices of digit sets for higher radices employed to allow more efficient hardware depending on properties of the circuitry, whether binary or multi-valued. We describe current applications of non standard digit sets in commodity microprocessors. We close with some observations on a discrete log representation of integers where the logarithmic base is a small prime.
ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVE: ANALYZING THE VALIDITY OF THE WOFO

Spence and Helmreich developed the Work and Family Orientation (WOFO) Questionnaire as a multidimensional measure of achievement motivation and attitudes toward family and career because they believed that a unitary construct of achievement motivation was not sufficient to account for broad patterns of behavior in varied situations. This article reviews the evidence for the construct validity of the WOFO questionnaire based on data from a large group (N = 3,727) of men and women with high educational and career aspirations. Evidence presented includes factor analysis of the WOFO subscale dimensions, subscale reliabilities, and an analysis of the effect of gender and masculinity-femininity on achievement motives. The research confirms new insights regarding the relationship between achievement motives and sex roles for women and men.
Evidence of a phosphorylated intermediate in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation.

Abstract The effects of aurovertin and oligomycin on the rates of oxidative phosphorylation and arsenate-stimulated respiration have been studied over a wide range of concentrations. It has been found that both arsenate and phosphate can react with an energy-rich intermediate of oxidative phosphorylation even when reaction with ADP is prevented by aurovertin. These results suggest that tenable hypotheses of oxidative phosphorylation should include a phosphorylated intermediate.
A gene × gene interaction between DRD2 and DRD4 is associated with conduct disorder and antisocial behavior in males

Antisocial behaviors are complex polygenic phenotypes that are due to a multifactorial arrangement of genetic polymorphisms. Little empirical research, however, has been undertaken that examines gene × gene interactions in the etiology of conduct disorder and antisocial behavior. This study examined whether adolescent conduct disorder and adult antisocial behavior were related to the dopamine D2 receptor polymorphism (DRD2) and the dopamine D4 receptor polymorphism (DRD4). A sample of 872 male participants from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) completed self-report questionnaires that tapped adolescent conduct disorder and adult antisocial behavior. DNA was genotyped for DRD2 and DRD4. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that neither DRD2 nor DRD4 had significant independent effects on conduct disorder or antisocial behavior. However, DRD2 interacted with DRD4 to predict variation in adolescent conduct disorder and in adult antisocial behavior. The results suggest that a gene × gene interaction between DRD2 and DRD4 is associated with the development of conduct disorder and adult antisocial behavior in males.
Current and future treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents a unique challenge for physicians and patients. There is no definitively curative treatment. Rather, many treatment and management modalities exist with differing advantages and disadvantages. Both current guidelines and individual patient concerns must be taken into account in order to properly manage HCC. In addition, quality of life issues are particularly complex in patients with HCC and these concerns must also be factored into treatment strategies. Thus, considering all the options and their various pros and cons can quickly become complex for both clinicians and patients. In this review, we systematically discuss the current treatment modalities available for HCC, detailing relevant clinical data, risks and rewards and overall outcomes for each approach. Surgical options discussed include resection, transplantation and ablation. We also discuss the radiation modalities: conformal radiotherapy, yttrium 90 microspheres and proton and heavy ion radiotherapy. The biologic agent Sorafenib is discussed as a promising new approach, and recent clinical trials are reviewed. We then detail currently described molecular pathways implicated in the initiation and progression of HCC, and we explore the potential of each pathway as an avenue for drug exploitation. We hope this comprehensive and forward-looking review enables both clinicians and patients to understand various options and thereby make more informed decisions regarding this disease.
Sex, load, and relaxation: are women more susceptible to load-dependent diastolic dysfunction?

Cardiovascular disease affects men and women differently. Longevity is greater in women, yet compared with men, women suffer increased morbidity and mortality after myocardial infarction ([1][1]) and are more likely to have heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) ([2][2]). Prior
The Impact of Mobile Broadband on the Digital Divide Affecting Older Adults

Advances in information and communication technology have resulted in a digital divide between users and non-users of technologies such as broadband. Seniors as a group are on the negative side of the broadband digital divide. This paper discusses the literature on this age-related digital divide, analyzes the results of a broadband training program targeted at older adults, and discusses the impact of mobile broadband on this digital divide.
Cortical PGC-1α-Dependent Transcripts are Reduced in Postmortem Tissue From Patients With Schizophrenia

The transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) has been linked to multiple neurological and psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia, but its involvement in the pathophysiology of these disorders is unclear. Experiments in mice have revealed a set of developmentally-regulated cortical PGC-1α-dependent transcripts involved in calcium buffering (parvalbumin, PV), synchronous neurotransmitter release (synaptotagmin 2, Syt2; complexin 1, Cplx1) and axonal integrity (neurofilamaent heavy chain, Nefh). We measured the mRNA expression of PGC-1α and these transcripts in postmortem cortical tissue from control and schizophrenia patients and found a reduction in PGC-1α-dependent transcripts without a change in PGC-1α. While control subjects with high PGC-1α expression exhibited high PV and Nefh expression, schizophrenia subjects with high PGC-1α expression did not, suggesting dissociation between PGC-1α expression and these targets in schizophrenia. Unbiased analyses of the promoter regions for PGC-1α-dependent transcripts revealed enrichment of binding sites for the PGC-1α-interacting transcription factor nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF-1). NRF-1 mRNA expression was reduced in schizophrenia, and its transcript levels predicted that of PGC-1α-dependent targets in schizophrenia. Interestingly, the positive correlation between PGC-1α and PV, Syt2, or Cplx1 expression was lost in schizophrenia patients with low NRF-1 expression, suggesting that NRF-1 is a critical predictor of these genes in disease. These data suggest that schizophrenia involves a disruption in PGC-1α and/or NRF-1-associated transcriptional programs in the cortex and that approaches to enhance the activity of PGC-1α or transcriptional regulators like NRF-1 should be considered with the goal of restoring normal gene programs and improving cortical function.
Surgical problems with multiple accessory pathways of atrioventricular conduction

Thirty-six accessory pathways of atrioventricular conduction of the Kent type were found in 17 patients in a series of 161 patients subjected to direct operation for arrhythmias caused by the pathways. Careful preoperative studies detected the multiple pathways in 11 patients. In four patients, the additional pathways were found at operation, and in two patients they were found after operation. The operation successfully interrupted 32 of the 36 pathways. Multiple pathways must be sought for in all patients who are operated upon for arrhythmias caused by accessory pathways.
Integrated Approach to Architecting, Modeling, and Simulation of Complex Space Communication Networks

Space communication infrastructure continues to support legacy space mission users and interfaces while simultaneously building advanced capabilities to support new mission users, who are demanding higher data-rates and more modern interfaces. As a result, the space communication infrastructure is growing more complex every day. This level of complexity requires new techniques to define and analyze network architectures, offering needed improvements in accessibility, flexibility, and interoperability. To discover, characterize, and convey the performance and interactions of the elements within space communication network architectures, an approach has been pioneered that utilizes formal system modeling, architecture frameworks, and integrated network stack and space environment physics simulation during the early-stage of project lifecycles. This integrated approach directly aids in high-level decision-making and has the potential to reduce costs, increase reliability, and enable faster development. It has been adapted and applied within several architecture projects, including the integration of NASA’s Space Communications and Navigation (SCaN) networks, supporting development of the NASA Constellation Program’s space communication infrastructure, and in supporting the modernization of NASA’s Space Network. This paper describes the integrated architecture, modeling, and simulation approach and processes that have been used to support these projects. The commercial software tools used for architecture modeling and network simulations are also presented along with the custom software tools being developed to facilitate the integrated approach.
How to integrate rational functions

The increasing availability of computer algebra systems has raised questions about how traditional topics in calculus are to be taught. In this note we look at integration of rational functions and propose a different approach, which has the following advantages: i) it is easily implemented on a computer or calculator algebra system, ii) it allows the students to use the computer algebra system in a meaningful way, and avoids routine calculations by hand, iii) it provides the students with some understanding of the general methods computer algebra systems actually use to integrate rational functions. Rational function integration is important for itself and also because many integrals can be reduced to it by suitable substitutions, for example mnany trigonometric integrals and the so-called binomial integral [Subramaniam, Klambauer]. A rational function is traditionally integrated by expressing it in partial fractions form. This involves the following steps: (1) Factor the denominator into linear and irreducible quadratic factors. (2) Find the partial fraction decomposition. This involves solving a system of linear equations, with as many equations and unknowns as the degree of the polynomial in the denominator. (3) Integrate each partial fraction. Those involving a quadratic factor require a trigonometric substitution or a reduction formula. In the light of this recipe, consider the following integrals (of which the second and third are taken from our references):
Volatility and Attractiveness to the Mediterranean Fruit Fly of Trimedlure and Its Isomers, and a Comparison of Its Volatility with That of Seven Other Insect Attractants

A simple laboratory method, devised to determine the relative rates of evaporation of chemical insect attractants, was used to determine the relative rates of volatilization of trimedlure, its 4 isomers, and 7 other attractants. The volatilization of these materials correlated well with their persistence as attractants in the field. The volatility of the individual trimedlure isomers and their attractiveness were not necessarily related. Thus, 1 of the 4 isomers did not attract the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Weidemann). These results indicated that the stereochemistry of the molecule is the important factor in attractiveness. The isomer composition of liquid commercial trimedlure during its evaporation was determined by gas chromatography. Although the composition changed, all 4 isomers persisted even after 95% of the lure had evaporated. Two of the isomers may solidify, especially during cold weather; in this form their volatilities are much less than when they are liquefied, i.e., dissolved in the liquid isomers. To overcome this tendency to solidify, materials were added to trimedlure to inhibit crystallization. Of 18 compounds tested diethyl butylmalonate was the best inhibitor, but in the field it depressed the attractiveness of the lure. Pentadecanolide, a fixative and odor enhancer used in the perfume trade, extended the period of attraction of trimedlure appreciably hut not that of cuelure or siglure.
Resistance in Vegetative and Reproductive Stages of a Soybean Breeding Line to Three Defoliating Pests (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Resistance in certain genotypes of soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., has been shown to adversely affect insect behavior and development in laboratory feeding experiments involving excised leaf material. This study investigated effects of resistance in various developmental stages of intact soybean plants on feeding behavior and physiology of com earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie); soybean looper, Pseudoplusia includens Walker; and velvetbean caterpillar, Anticarsia gemmatalis Hiibner. Soybean genotypes ‘Cobb’ (susceptible) and ‘GatIR81-296’ (resistant) were grown in the greenhouse and used in choice and no-choice experiments. Choice tests showed the presence of resistance in ‘GatlR81-296’, and sequential observations of behavior indicated that the insects were inhibited by constitutive factors and components associated with damaged plants. Nochoice tests indicated that resistance occurred in vegetative and reproductive stages of ‘GatIR81-296’ and resulted in reduced feeding and number of larvae on plants, smaller larvae and pupae, and slower larval development compared with the insects on ‘Cobb’. Resistance in ‘GatIR81-296’ was attenuated in intact reproductive stage plants (R2-R3) compared with vegetative stage (V3-V4) ones.
Hypokalemic myopathy induced by Giardia lamblia.

To the Editor: Giardiasis is the leading cause of waterborne outbreaks of diarrhea in the United States,1 yet its role as a potential cause of malabsorption in elderly patients may be underestimate...
Application of fiber bronchoscopy with three-way laryngeal mask airway continuous ventilation in 1-6 month old infants with oxygen-dependent respiratory disease

Objective To discuss the values of fiber bronchoscopy with three-way laryngeal mask airway continuous ventilation in 1-6 month old infants with oxygen-dependent respiratory diseases.Methods From January 2010 to May 2011,29 cases of 1-6 month old infants with oxygen-dependent respiratory diseases who underwent conventional fiber bronchoscope and 148 cases of 1-6 month old infants with oxygen-dependent respiratory diseases who underwent fiber bronchoscopy with threeway laryngeal mask airway continuous ventilation were enrolled in control and treatment groups respectively.The success rate of fiber bronchoscope and the incidence rate of complications were compared between two groups.Results In the treatment group,the success rate of fiber bronchoscope was 89.2% which was significantly higher than 58.6% in the control group and the rate of laryngeal edema was 9.1% which was significantly lower than 35.3% in the control group.The rates of endotracheal intubation ventilation and postoperative hemorrhage were lower than those in the control group,but the difference was not statistical ly significant.Conclusion Fiber bronchoscopy with three-way laryngeal mask airway continuous ventilation is superior to the traditional fiber bronchoscope in 1-6 month old infants with oxygen dependent respiratory system diseases.
Design and characterization of a debriding tool in robot-assisted treatment of osteolysis

This paper focuses on the design and quantitative characterization of a debriding tool integrated with a robotic system to treat osteolysis (bone degradation). Osteolysis typically occurs due to wear of the polyethylene liner of the acetabular implant after total hip replacement surgery. In less invasive treatment of osteolysis, surgeons conventionally use rigid tools to debride the lesion, however with these inflexible instruments, complex lesion shapes are not completely treatable (about 50%). To address this issue, we have developed a debriding tool that passes through the lumen of a continuum dexterous manipulator (CDM). Integration of the CDM with a robotic arm assists the surgeon to reach the desired region behind the implant. Performance of the debriding tool integrated with this system was quantitatively evaluated during a simulated robot-assisted lesion debriding scenario. Rotational speed, aspiration pressure and irrigation flow of the debriding tool, as well as the sweeping velocity of the robotic system were identified as effective parameters in this procedure. Results indicate that maximum efficiency of the tool is achievable in a particular combination of these parameters.
The development of assays for the detection of fibrin(ogen)olysis based on COOH-terminal A alpha chain epitopes

The COOH-terminal two-thirds of the fibrinogen A alpha chain is a substrate for both factor XIIIa and plasmin and is, therefore, a source of structural markers for the clinical detection of fibrin(ogen)olysis. Monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) that bind to epitopes within this region (F-102, A alpha 563–578; F-103, A alpha 259–276) have been applied towards the development of two sensitive and specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). The first assay, a capture (F-102)-tag (F-103) ELISA, measures plasma fibrinogen molecules whose A alpha chains are intact. The second assay, a solution phase competitive ELISA based on MoAb F-102, quantifies circulating COOH-terminal A alpha chain degradation products (A alpha FDPs), among the earliest peptides released from fibrinogen during plasmin-mediated fragment X formation. This assay features a novel preliminary plasma absorption step on concanavalin A to recover A alpha FDPs (if present in the sample) in a milieu free of immunologically cross-reactive fibrinogen. Both ELISAs use highly purified fibrinogen as the assay standard for quantitation. In control plasmas, circulating A alpha FDPs accounted for less than 2% of their respective intact fibrinogen A alpha chain concentration, suggesting a physiologic low level of proteolysis occurring at the extreme COOH-terminal portion of the molecule. Plasma A alpha FDPs were elevated (2.3% to 7.8% of their respective intact fibrinogen A alpha chain concentration) in a group of plasma from patients with documented, high serum FDPs (21 to 41 micrograms/mL). Application of the two ELISAs to characterize the course of A alpha chain proteolysis during thrombolytic therapy (TIMI phase 1) indicated that A alpha FDPs were a very early marker of the lytic state (detectable 15 minutes after treatment had been initiated), and that streptokinase and recombinant tissue plasminogen activator appeared to produce significantly different A alpha chain degradation profiles.
Late Prehistoric Archaeological Remains in the San Bernardino Valley, Southeastern Arizona

ABSTRACTLate prehistoric culture history and settlement patterns in the southeastern corner of Arizona have received scant attention. Several recent surveys of the northern San Bernardino Valley in southeastern Arizona provide new information to interpret this area. Survey data are used to evaluate changes in the number, size, and location of sites dating between A.D. 875–1450. These data suggest wide use of the valley before A.D. 1150, with a reorganization of settlements at A.D. 1150, marked by less use of the foothills and more intensive use of well-watered lower elevations. The implications of these settlement changes are examined.
CHAPTER 28 – Prevention Trials in Perimenopausal and Postmenopausal Women

Many options are now available to perimenopausal and postmenopausal women to reduce their menopausal symptoms and to decrease their risk for certain major diseases (although possibly at the expense of increasing their risk for other diseases). However, the long-term risks and benefits of many of these agents are unknown. The on-going intervention trials should be able to provide some information to help women make choices, but there will still be large gaps in knowledge. If compliance and retention are adequate, the WHI can provide some information about the long-term effects of what is currently considered to be a healthy diet and it should also be able to quantify the long-term effects of supplementation with calcium and vitamin D. The Women's Health Study (WHS) will be useful in determining whether aspirin or vitamin E supplementation reduces the incidence of cardiovascular disease and cancer. These results may be particularly useful to healthy women who are averse to taking potent medications.
Part III: Reading and Writing Rio de Janeiro

In this chapter, I take a journey through works in Rio de Janeiro’s literary history. Through an in-depth and close reading of Machado de Assis, Lima Barreto, Elizabeth Bishop, Tatiana Salem Levy, and J.P. Cuenca, I explore how time and space are constructed and explored in literature. In a purposefully broad sweep of works, published between 1908 and 2012, with subject matter from 1888 until after 2016, I find a recurring theme of complex nostalgia undermining the dominant developmental discourses that have defined the city’s modern history. Moreover, it is a study of various forms, including novel, short story, poem, correspondence, that sees a unique relationship to time emerge as a dominant motif in Carioca literature.
Spark plasma sintered silicon carbide ceramics with nanostructured ferritic alloy as sintering aid

Abstract Nanostructured ferritic alloy-silicon carbide composites (NFA-SiC) were sintered at 1950–2100 °C by spark plasma sintering (SPS). The influence of NFA addition on the sintered NFA-SiC composites has been investigated based on densification, phase, microstructure, and mechanical property. Addition of 2.5 vol% NFA can lead to full densification for the NFA-SiC composites even though it also introduces secondary carbon-rich and iron-rich phases. With the increase of the sintering temperature, the Vickers hardness for the pure SiC and NFA-SiC composite samples is enhanced. However, the NFA-SiC composites have lower hardness than the pure SiC samples. The flexural strength for the pure SiC is also higher than that of the NFA-SiC composites. Nanohardness results demonstrate that the reaction products between SiC and NFA lower the mechanical properties of the NFA-SiC samples.
How do scientists determine data reusability?: a quasi-experiment think-aloud study

This poster presents preliminary findings of a quasi-experiment think-aloud study where scientists were presented four canned results of information regarding earth science data in a counter-balanced design. Scientists were asked to think-aloud regarding what information about the data assisted them in their ability to determine reusability of that dataset. Sixteen scientists from various earth science fields participated in the study. Each scientist responded to four canned results, a post-result usefulness survey, a post-search rank-order survey, and a post-search survey. Participants stated that concise data descriptions, attribute and unit lists, as well as research methods steps were particularly important in their ability to determine reusability of data. Participants preferred more robust results over less robust results, and stated that they would rather have too much information than to request the data to find out it actually did not serve their needs.
Multiple Myeloma Variant with Ascites and Cytoplasmic Crystalline Granules in Plasma Cells

Abstract 5088 CASE REPORT: CLINICAL HISTORY: A 62-year-old male patient who presented with anemia and findings of monoclonal gammopathy of IgA type was referred to the Hematology clinic for work-up and management of possible multiple myeloma. At the same time, the patient was being managed by the Gastroenterology service with diuretics and recurrent paracentesis for an ongoing significant ascites of unclear etiology. These interventions had been performed for a year on a biweekly basis. CLINICAL WORK-UP: The patient had IgA gammopathy with a monoclonal protein level of 1.2 Gm/dL and findings on skeletal survey consistent with lytic lesions in the pelvic bones. PROCEDURE: A bone marrow biopsy obtained from the patient revealed a plasmacytosis of 15% with atypical crystalline cytoplasmic inclusions seen in the majority of plasma cells and some histiocytes as well. The transudative ascitic fluid was analyzed for crystalline deposits, but these could not be conclusively detected even though there were inclusions seen in some macrophages that may represent remnants of the crystals. TREATMENT: The patient was diagnosed with IgA myeloma given the above findings and was treated with a combination of Revlemid, Velcade and Dexamethazone with good response in terms of his IgA monoclonal protein as well as in significant improvement in his ascites, which essentially resolved. He no longer required therapeutic paracentesis upon initiation of chemotherapy and was able to get weaned off of diuretics as part of his treatment. CONCLUSION: This case represents what we believe to be a rare variant of multiple myeloma that presented with monoclonal gammopathy in the blood as well as concomitant ascites. The bone marrow showed plasma cells containing crystalline inclusions. The precise nature of these inclusions is presently unknown, however it is felt most likely to be precipitated immunoglobulins. We plan to investigate this further. For reasons that are not entirely clear, this particular biology appears to induce a reactive process in the peritoneum causing a development of ascites. The resolution of such ascites with treatment directed toward the myeloma seems to indicate that the two are related. A case similar to this was reported by Doctors Martin, et al in 1987 with a patient presenting with similar type of crystalline inclusions in plasma cells with clinically associated ascites. 1 There was no information available on treatment effect and so it was not possible to tie the clinical presentation of the myeloma and ascites together. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
The genomic relationship among matched prostate cancer foci.

5028 Background: Cancer management is influenced by how one views progression and how one calculates the risk of metastases and death. For prostate cancer, this is based largely on histologic appea...
The Privacy Landscape of Pervasive Computing

This roadmap for privacy research in ubiquitous and pervasive computing for the next decade highlights some key challenges and opportunities. The work is organized using two different lenses. The first looks at privacy from the perspective of devices, characterizing privacy based on different tiers of devices. The second examines privacy from the perspective of different entities involved with privacy, mapping out an ecosystem for privacy. The author argues that, today, too much of the burden of privacy is on users. To achieve a sustainable ecosystem, we need to develop new ways of shifting this burden to other entities, such as developers, service providers, governments, and third parties. This article is part of a special issue on pervasive computing revisited.
Chapter 19 The lizard spinal cord: a model system for the study of spinal cord injury and repair

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews studies on the lizard and comments on results from other systems, inframammalian and mammalian, as they relate to the findings in the lizard. In transection injuries, glial cells, often ependymal cells are the first to bridge the injury gap and they are responsible for guiding regenerating central nervous system (CNS) axons across the gap. This role of the glia, especially the ependymal epithelium, was first proposed based on studies of lizard cord regeneration. Subsequently the ependymal cells have been shown to guide regenerating CNS axons in larval anurans and in larval and adult urodeles during tail regeneration and during regeneration at thoracic levels in adult urodeles. The same role for the ependyma has also been demonstrated during tail regeneration in the fish, Sternarchus , and, although not explicitly stated, is suggested by descriptions of thoracic cord regeneration in the goldfish. In lizards and urodele amphibians, the ependymal cells fasciculate the outgrowing CNS axons into preformed longitudinal channels, while in larval anurans and the fish, Sternarchus, the ependymal cells form guidance channels in the form of grooves and gutters.
Early Hemodynamic Changes Based on Initial Color-Coding Angiography as a Predictor for Developing Subsequent Symptomatic Vasospasm After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

Introduction Prediction of vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) remains imperfect and currently relies on clinical and radiographic characteristics. Whether early hemodynamic changes may refine risk stratification for delayed vasospasm (DV) after aSAH was analyzed. Methods Patients with aSAH ( n = 53) and a control group with unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIA) ( n = 12) with initial color-coding angiography at admission were included in this study ( n = 65). Clinical and radiologic data were collected, and uni- and multivariate analysis was used to correlate the occurrence of DV (manifesting clinically or detected with transcranial Doppler or angiography) with hemodynamic features of the initial angiography including Tmax and mean transit times (MTTs). Results In the aSAH patient cohort, 37 of 53 patients with aSAH (70%) developed DV. After we controlled for the effects of age, Hunt and Hess grade, and modified Fisher grade, patients with DV had a shorter mean region of interest peak time (Tmax) of the anterior cerebral artery A2 segment ( P = 0.036) and the middle cerebral artery M1 ( P = 0.045) and M3 ( P = 0.013) segments. Mean MTTs between internal carotid artery to middle cerebral artery M3 segment ( P = 0.026) was also significantly shorter in patients with DV when compared with controls. Conclusions Tmax and MTT on angiography within 48 hours of aneurysm rupture before treatment provide an early quantitative assessment in patients with aSAH and in this small study were predictive for the development of subsequent symptomatic DV. Early identification of patients with aSAH at greatest risk of DV may ameliorate clinical outcome through timely, selective implementation of aggressive prophylactic therapy to prevent the effects of DV.
Populating the Pacific

The original migrants to the islands of the western Pacific likely took place about 25,000 years ago during the last glacial period when sea levels were considerably lower than they are today. New Guinea and its offshore islands would be colonized first, and this is where the development of the Papuan language took place. However, its mountainous interior isolated and fragmented the language into multiple families including perhaps 900 distinct and mutually unintelligible language isolates, some of which are spoken only in a single village of 25–50 individuals. Archaeological and linguistic evidence suggests that the first non-Papuan migrants originating from Taiwan about 5000 years ago were spreading out in new waves of migration to coastal New Guinea and the nearby islands. These people are the likely source of a family of some 400 languages known as Austronesian. Beginning about 3500 years ago some of these Austronesian speakers began to move into islands as far east as Tonga and Samoa where they developed stilt houses along with quadrangular stone adzes, distinctive red pottery and domestic pigs. These were the Lapita people. As they and their progeny began to explore even farther, a considerable sophistication of naval architecture began to emerge along with navigational and seamanship skills. Various forms of the Austronesian language expanded as well, including as far east as Hawaii and Easter Island, and south to New Zealand. The indelicate impacts of these societies on the land are described, as are their divisions into three general cultural groups including Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia.
A Program for Approximating the In-Control ARL for the MEWMA Chart

The multivariate exponentially weighted moving average (MEWMA) control chart is a control charting scheme that uses weighted averages of previously observed random vectors to monitor the mean vecto...
Use of Work in the Assessment and Intervention Process

The client in the work setting must cope with multiple demands which can and usually do affect his or her total functioning. The work experience of the client may be an important dynamic in the int...
Dietary Intakes and Circulating Concentrations of Branched-Chain Amino Acids in Relation to Incident Type 2 Diabetes Risk Among High-Risk Women with a History of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.

Background: Circulating branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs; isoleucine, leucine, valine) are consistently associated with increased type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk, but the relationship with dietary intake of BCAAs is less clear. Methods: The longitudinal Nurses9 Health Study II cohort conducted a blood collection from 1996 to 1999. We profiled plasma metabolites among 172 incident T2D cases and 175 age-matched controls from women reporting a history of gestational diabetes before blood draw. We estimated dietary energy-adjusted BCAAs from food frequency questionnaires. We used conditional logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% CI of T2D risk across quartiles (Q1–Q4) of BCAAs, adjusting for age, body mass index (BMI), physical activity, family history, and other established risk factors. We also assessed joint exposure to below/above medians of diet and plasma concentrations, with lower diet/lower plasma as reference. Results: Dietary and plasma BCAA concentrations were positively associated with incident T2D (diet Q4 vs Q1 OR = 4.6, CI = 1.6, 13.4; plasma Q4 vs Q1 OR = 4.4, CI = 1.4, 13.4). Modeling the joint association indicated that higher diet BCAAs were associated with T2D when plasma concentrations were also higher (OR = 6.0, CI = 2.1, 17.2) but not when concentrations were lower (OR = 1.6, CI = 0.61, 4.1). Conversely, higher plasma BCAAs were associated with increased T2D for either lower or higher diet. Conclusions: Independent of BMI and other risk factors, higher diet and plasma BCAA concentrations were associated with an increased incident T2D risk among high-risk women with a history of gestational diabetes, supporting impaired BCAA metabolism as conferring T2D risk.
Identifying Forensically Uninteresting Files Using a Large Corpus

For digital forensics, eliminating the uninteresting is often more critical than finding the interesting. We define “uninteresting” as containing no useful information about users of a drive, a definition which applies to most criminal investigations. Matching file hash values to those in published hash sets is the standard method, but these sets have limited coverage. This work compared nine automated methods of finding additional uninteresting files: (1) frequent hash values, (2) frequent paths, (3) frequent filename-directory pairs, (4) unusually busy times for a drive, (5) unusually busy weeks for a corpus, (6) unusually frequent file sizes, (7) membership in directories containing mostly-known files, (8) known uninteresting directories, and (9) uninteresting extensions. Tests were run on an international corpus of 83.8 million files, and after removing the 25.1 % of files with hash values in the National Software Reference Library, an additional 54.7 % were eliminated that matched two of our nine criteria, few of whose hash values were in two commercial hash sets. False negatives were estimated at 0.1 % and false positives at 19.0 %. We confirmed the generality of our methods by showing a good correlation between results obtained separately on two halves of our corpus. This work provides two kinds of results: 8.4 million hash values of uninteresting files in our own corpus, and programs for finding uninteresting files on new corpora.
Impact of genetic targets on primary brain tumor therapy: what's ready for prime time?

Primary brain tumors constitute a substantial public health problem with 66,290 cases diagnosed in the US in 2012, and 13,700 deaths recorded. With discovery of genetic factors associated with specific brain tumor subtypes, the goal of therapy is changing from treating a class of tumors to developing individualized therapies catering to the molecular composition of the actual tumor. For oligodendrogliomas, the loss of 1p/19q due to an unbalanced translocation improves both survival and the response to therapy, and is thus both a prognostic and a predictive marker. Several additional genetic alterations such as EGFR amplification, MGMT methylation, PDGFR activation, and 9p and 10q loss, have improved our understanding of the characteristics of these tumors and may help guide therapy in the future. For astrocytic tumors, MGMT is associated with a better prognosis and an improved response to temozolomide, and for all glial tumors, mutations in the IDH1 gene are possibly the most potent of good prognostic markers. Three of these markers – 1p/19q deletions, MGMT methylation status, and mutations in the IDH1 gene – are so potent that a new brain tumor subtype, the “triple negative” glioma (1p/19q intact, MGMT unmethylated, IDH1 non-mutated) has entered common parlance. Newer markers, such as CD 133, require additional investigation to determine their prognostic and predictive utility. In medulloblastomas, markers of WNT activation, MYCC/MCYN amplification, and TrkC expression levels are reliable prognostic indicators, but do not yet drive specific treatment selection. Many other proposed markers, such as 17q gain, TP53 mutations, and hMOF protein expression show promise, but are not yet ready for prime time. In this chapter, we focus on the markers that have shown convincing prognostic, predictive, and diagnostic value, and discuss potential markers that are being currently being intensively investigated. We also discuss serum profiling of tumors in an effort to discover additional potential markers.
Glycolipid Antigens: Potential in Cancer Detection and Diagnosis

A number of tumour-specific monoclonal antibodies (MAb’s) have been produced which are directed to unique carbohydrate structures associated with cellular membranes as glycolipids rather than glycoproteins (as reviewed by S.-I. Hakomori [1]). The potential of other more common glycolipid antigens for use in cancer detection and diagnosis is now addressed with especial emphasis on a specific role in early detection. The assays now reported concern glycolipids in sera from hepatocarcinogen-fed rats and cancer patients.