cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Post subthalamic area deep brain stimulation for tremors: a mini-review

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the thalamic ventrointermediate nucleus (VIM) is the traditional target for the surgical treatment of pharmacologically refractory essential tremor or parkinsonian tremor. Studies in recent years on DBS in posterior subthalamic area (PSA), including the zona incerta and the prelemniscal radiation, have shown promising results in tremor suppression, particularly for those tremors difficult to be well controlled by VIM DBS, such as the proximal postural tremor, distal intention tremor and some cerebellar outflow tremor in various diseases including essential tremor and multiple sclerosis. The adverse effect profile of the PSA DBS is mild and transient, without lasting or striking dysarthria, disequilibrium or tolerance, in contrast to VIM DBS, particularly bilateral DBS. However, the studies on PSA DBS so far are still limited, with a handful of studies on bilateral PSA, and a short follow up duration compared to VIM. More studies are needed for direct comparison of these targets in the future. A review here would help to gain more insight into the benefits and limits of the PSA DBS compared to that in VIM in the clinical management of various tremors, particularly for those difficult to be well controlled by traditional VIM DBS.
Liposome disposition in vivo II: Dose dependency.

The dose-dependent disposition of extruded multilamellar (diameter ∼1 μm) negatively charged liposomes containing entrapped [14C]inulin was studied in mice. Mice received 1500, 300, or 15 μmoles of liposomal lipid/kg iv. Carbon 14 levels were measured in the blood, liver, spleen, and carcass for 72 hr. A pronounced saturation effect, consistent with the known dose behavior of other colloids, was seen at early times; it was manifested by higher dose values in the blood and spleen but by lower liver values as the dose increased. This dose effect was attenuated in the liver but was maintained in the spleen at later times, and percent dose values approached plateau values in all tissues for all doses at later times. [14C]Inulin was used as the liposomal marker because of its inability to enter cells (or, presumably, leave them if delivered there by liposomes) in its free form. An early decline in carbon 14 levels (over the first 48 hr) was seen in the liver for the low and medium doses. Because of the known ability of blood factors to cause liposomes to leak their contents, this decline was interpreted as being a loss of [14C]inulin from extracellularly bound liposomes during this period. Moreover, the plateau carbon 14 levels at later times were interpreted as approximating the true level of intracellular inulin delivery by the liposomes.
Instrumentation in toxicology: assessing toxic materials and products in the body.

Some examples of potentially toxic materials occurring in occupational or general environmental situations are given in table 1 to illustrate the magnitude of the toxicological assessment problem on which current health protection is based. The field of drugs, especially the narcotics and hallucinogens, is another area of toxicology that has assumed recent importance. The specific requirements in assessing toxic materials and their breakdown products in the body are: (a) to establish the concentration levels and to follow the course of the metabolism. (b) to identify target organs and measure functional changes or tissue damage in the target organs. Important advances in the knowledge needed to meet these two requirements have been made possible by the technical ingenuity of instrument designers. Some instruments are available that permit aspects of toxicological assessment to be realized on intact body organs. Where this ideal methodology is not possible, blood samples may be drawn and small samples of tissue from selected organs may be secured by needle biopsy without harming the individuals. This material may be examined histologically by microscopy, and chemically with a variety of analytical instruments. Then there are the main body effluents—urine, feces, and exhaled air, which can also be examined in a variety of ways.
Genetic Evaluation of Intellectual Disabilities

All children with an intellectual disability (mental retardation) or global developmental delay should have a comprehensive evaluation to establish the etiology of the disability. A specific etiologic diagnosis offers the opportunity to discuss treatment, prognosis, and genetic recurrence risk. A diagnosis also avoids unnecessary testing and can lead to opportunities for improved health and functional outcomes. The key elements of the diagnostic evaluation are the medical and developmental history, 3-generation family history, dysmorphologic examination, neurologic examination, and judicious use of the laboratory and neuroimaging. All published guidelines for the evaluation of children with intellectual disability acknowledge that there is a substantial percentage of patients who are undiagnosed after a comprehensive evaluation and who deserve ongoing follow-up for the purpose of establishing a diagnosis. Recently, studies of the clinical application of array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) to individuals with intellectual disability indicate that this approach provides a diagnosis in as much as 10% of patients and that this technique is replacing the use of fluorescent in situ hybridization for subtelomere imbalances now used for such patients when the standard karyotype is normal. The literature suggests that history and examination by an expert clinician will lead to a diagnosis in 2 of 3 patients in whom a diagnosis is made. Laboratory studies alone, including neuroimaging, provide a diagnosis in the remaining one third. The approach to the evaluation of the patient in whom an etiologic diagnosis is not suspected after the history and physical examinations includes a standard karyotype, Fragile X molecular genetic testing, aCGH, and neuroimaging, based on the evidence to date. One can expect rapid changes in the microarray technology in the near future.
Finding solutions for bird restoration and livestock management: comparing grazing exclusion levels

Riparian habitats in the western United States support high avian abundance and diversity and are important areas for livestock grazing, although grazing contributes to the degradation of riparian vegetation. Complete removal of livestock is generally the most beneficial for bird communities, but alternative management approaches allowing for seasonal livestock grazing may also increase avian habitat quality. Determining management approaches that integrate conservation priorities and human use has the potential to improve conditions for birds across many grazed landscapes. We anticipated that both the full and seasonal exclusion of cattle from riparian areas would result in the recovery of avian populations. To test this, we experimentally compared the effects of total cattle exclusion vs. seasonal usage on bird populations in the riparian areas of two creeks in the San Joaquin Valley, California, USA. Avian species richness and average abundance were measured over six years, from 2001 to 2006. In general, native avian abundance and richness increased in both full- and seasonal-exclosure areas, with increases compared to the pretreatment year for all years except 2005. Habitats that had complete cattle exclusion recovered more significantly, with 29% lower avian abundance in seasonally grazed habitats. There was no significant difference in avian richness between the two grazing treatments, although richness did increase over time. In addition to increases in native species, abundance of nonnative birds and brood parasites also increased significantly, with a greater avian abundance in the full-exclusion areas. A direct comparison with the Breeding Bird Survey (BBS), to further investigate annual avian population trends, explained the native species decline in 2005. This comparison revealed that observed trends were the effect of experimental treatment rather than a reflection of regional trends. Although the overall trends indicate that the full exclusion of livestock from riparian areas results in more abundant bird populations, seasonal exclusion is also a successful method for avian recovery. Land managers should consider both options in riparian areas, selecting full cattle removal for avian management only and seasonal cattle removal for situations where incorporating conservation and land use practices is advantageous.
The region-dependent biphasic viscoelastic properties of human temporomandibular joint discs under confined compression

The objective of this study was to determine the biphasic viscoelastic properties of human temporomandibular joint (TMJ) discs, correlate these properties with disc biochemical composition, and examine the relationship between these properties and disc dynamic behavior in confined compression. The equilibrium aggregate modulus (H(A)), hydraulic permeability (k), and dynamic modulus were examined between five disc regions. Biochemical assays were conducted to quantify the amount of water, collagen, and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content in each region. The creep tests showed that the average equilibrium moduli of the intermediate, lateral, and medial regions were significantly higher than for the anterior and posterior regions (69.75+/-11.47kPa compared to 22.0+/-5.15kPa). Permeability showed the inverse trend with the largest values in the anterior and posterior regions (8.51+/-1.36x10(-15)m(4)/Ns compared with 3.75+/-0.72x10(-15)m(4)/Ns). Discs were 74.5% water by wet weight, 62% collagen, and 3.2% GAG by dry weight. Regional variations were only observed for water content which likely results in the regional variation in biphasic mechanical properties. The dynamic modulus of samples during confined compression is related to the aggregate modulus and hydraulic permeability of the tissue. The anterior and posterior regions displayed lower complex moduli over all frequencies (0.01-3Hz) with average moduli of 171.8-609.3kPa compared with 454.6-1613.0kPa for the 3 central regions. The region of the TMJ disc with higher aggregate modulus and lower permeability had higher dynamic modulus. Our results suggested that fluid pressurization plays a significant role in the load support of the TMJ disc under dynamic loading conditions.
Live Imaging of Inorganic Phosphate in Plants with Cellular and Subcellular Resolution

Despite variable and often scarce supplies of inorganic phosphate (Pi) from soils, plants must distribute appropriate amounts of Pi to each cell and subcellular compartment to sustain essential metabolic activities. The ability to monitor Pi dynamics with subcellular resolution in live plants is, therefore, critical for understanding how this essential nutrient is acquired, mobilized, recycled, and stored. Fluorescence indicator protein for inorganic phosphate (FLIPPi) sensors are genetically encoded fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based sensors that have been used to monitor Pi dynamics in cultured animal cells. Here, we present a series of Pi sensors optimized for use in plants. Substitution of the enhanced yellow fluorescent protein component of a FLIPPi sensor with a circularly permuted version of Venus enhanced sensor dynamic range nearly 2.5-fold. The resulting circularly permuted FLIPPi sensor was subjected to a high-efficiency mutagenesis strategy that relied on statistical coupling analysis to identify regions of the protein likely to influence Pi affinity. A series of affinity mutants was selected with dissociation constant values of 0.08 to 11 mm, which span the range for most plant cell compartments. The sensors were expressed in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), and ratiometric imaging was used to monitor cytosolic Pi dynamics in root cells in response to Pi deprivation and resupply. Moreover, plastid-targeted versions of the sensors expressed in the wild type and a mutant lacking the PHOSPHATE TRANSPORT4;2 plastidic Pi transporter confirmed a physiological role for this transporter in Pi export from root plastids. These circularly permuted FLIPPi sensors, therefore, enable detailed analysis of Pi dynamics with subcellular resolution in live plants.
Anisotropy of hole structures in oriented polycarbonate probed by two-dimensional angular correlation of annihilation radiation

Two-dimensional angular correlation of annihilation radiation (2D-ACAR) experiments have been performed on a uniaxially oriented polymer, bisphenol-A polycarbonate. The two-dimensional hole structures of unoriented and oriented polymers, determined from the momentum distributions, are found to be spherical and ellipsoidal, respectively. The average hole radii are determined to be 2.9 A in the unoriented sample and between 2.3 and 3.8 A in the oriented sample. Applications of the 2D-ACAR method to image the three-dimensional hole structures of polymeric materials are discussed.
Bariatric Surgery for Morbid Obesity

A 44-year-old obese woman (height, 1.7 m [65 in.]) has seen her primary care physician for the past 10 years for management of conditions related to her obesity, including diabetes, hypertension, and gastroesophageal reflux disease. Despite efforts to lose weight, her body weight has increased from 109 to 127 kg (240 to 280 lb), and her body-mass index (BMI) — the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters — from 40.0 to 46.6. During a routine office visit, the patient asks her physician whether bariatric surgery might be a treatment option for her. The physician does not recommend referral for surgical evaluation, citing concerns about the variable effectiveness of the procedure and the associated risks, as well as the lack of long-term outcome data. The patient then seeks a specialist in bariatric surgery for evaluation, without the assistance of her physician.
Structured Clinical Interview Techniques

The assessment of the depth and degree of impairment or distress following exposure to traumatic stress has long been an activity of the clinician who has endeavored to assist those who are suffering from traumatic stress syndromes. The issue of whether or not a psychiatric diagnosis such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (in the DSM-III-R; American Psychiatric Association, 1987) or prolonged posttraumatic stress disorder (in the ICD-9-CM) best characterizes the psychological processes following exposure to traumatic Stressors depends on a variety of factors, not all of which are scientific. Nonetheless, the recognition of the basic uniformity of psychological and biological reactions following exposure to the range of traumatic Stressors has been aided by the formalization of diagnostic criteria. The social implications of carrying a psychiatric diagnosis as a consequence of displaying a near universal pattern of reactions subsequent to surviving exposure to a traumatic Stressor are weighty and need social attention. But the continuing understanding of the features and phenomena of traumatic stress has been considerably advanced by the appearance and use of structured diagnostic interview techniques.
An intelligent biological information management system

As biomedical researchers are amassing a plethora of information in a variety of forms resulting from the advancements in biomedical research, there is a critical need for innovative information management and knowledge discovery tools to sift through these vast volumes of heterogeneous data and analysis tools. In this paper we present a general model for an information management system that is adaptable and scalable, followed by a detailed design and implementation of one component of the model. The prototype, called BioSifter, was applied to problems in the bioinformatics area. The results indicate that BioSifter is a powerful tool for biological researchers to automatically retrieve relevant text documents from biological literature based on their interest profile. The paper also presents experimental studies with real users to illustrate the efficacy of the approach.
A further evaluation of Echites sect. Yucatanense (Apocynaceae) with additional notes on the genus

Abstract A further evaluation of Echites sect. Yucatanense (Apocynaceae) with additional notes on the genus. Brittonia 54:310–317. 2002.—The species Echites turrigera Woodson has been considered a synonym of E. yucatanensis Millsp. Evidence presented here shows that the two species are distinct. In addition, Echites parviflora Sesse & Moc. is presented here as a synonym of E. woodsoniana Monach.
Why a conceptualist view of reference? a reply to Abbott

L'A. explique pourquoi il prefere adopter une conception conceptualiste de la reference, dans laquelle les expressions linguistiques referent a des entites du monde telles qu'elles sont conceptualisees par l'utilisateur du langage, par opposition au realisme semantique adopte par B. Abbott (1997), selon lequel les expressions linguistiques referent a des choses dans le monde. L'A. presente ainsi les differentes questions soulevees par le conceptualisme et montre dans quelle mesure elles sont differentes de celles posees par le realisme semantique
Hearing in guinea pigs deficient in the anti-stiffness factor.

SummaryGuinea pigs fed a diet deficient in the anti-stiffness factor may ultimately develop inability to respond with the ear-flick to auditory stimuli. At the conclusion of the experiment, 28% of the deficient animals were deaf according to the ear-flick test, in contrast to 0% among the stock animals. It was possible to trace developing deafness according to the ear-flick test in a considerable number of animals maintained on a deficient diet during the experimental period of 7 months.
REALIZED GENE FLOW VIA POLLEN IN ARTIFICIAL POPULATIONS OF MUSK THISTLE, CARDUUS NUTANS L.

Realized gene flow via pollen was measured in four adjacent, artificial populations of musk thistle, Carduus nutans L. by observing the distribution of electrophoretic markers at two allozyme loci. Realized gene movement declined exponentially with distance. Dispersal distances of the marker alleles averaged 5.0 m. Estimates of effective neighborhood sizes based on the movement of these genetic markers ranged from 126 to 378 individuals. When measures of seed movement were included, estimates of effective population sizes range from 1,281 to 3,844 individuals. It is, therefore, unlikely that chance effects play a major role in shaping the genetic structure of well-established musk thistle populations.
Effect of prostaglandin inhibition on sodium chloride reabsorption in the diluting segment of the conscious dog

Effect of prostaglandin inhibition on sodium chloride in the diluting segment of the conscious dog. To determine if renal prostaglandins (PG) affect sodium chloride transport in the diluting segment, we measured the free water clearance (C H 2 O ) during a control phase (C) and again 7 days later during an experimental phase (E) with indomethacin or carprofan (to induce acute prostaglandin inhibition) in each of 10 conscious dogs. In five studies, E preceeded C by 7 days. After a water diuresis was established (U Osm H 2 O in C and E did not differ. GFR, degree of volume expansion, medullary and papillary solutes, serum sodium and serum potassium concentrations, and blood pressure in C and E did not differ. At maximum delivery rates, fractional sodium reabsorption in the diluting segment was not different in C and E; also fractional sodium excretion was not different in C and E. Conclusion. The observation that suppression of PGE excretion does not affect C H 2 O suggests that renal PGE does not modify sodium chloride transport in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle's water-diuresing mechanism of the conscious dog. Effet de l'inhibition des prostaglandins sur la reabsorption de chlorure de sodium par le segment de dilution chez le chien eveille. Afin de determiner si les prostaglandines renales (PG) affectent le transport de chlorure de sodium dans le segment de dilution, la clearance de l'eau libre (C H 2 O ) a ete mesuree pendant la periode de controle (C) et a nouveau 7 jours plus tard durant une phase experimentale (E) au cours de l'inhibition des prostaglandines par l'indomethacine ou le carprofan chez 10 chiens eveilles. Dans 5 experiences, E a precede C de 7 jours. Apres qu'une diurese aqueuse ait ete etablie (U Osm H 2 O pendant C et E n'etait pas differente. Le debit de filtration glomerulaire, le degre d'expansion, les substances dissoutes contenues dans la medullaire, la natremie, la kaliemie, et la pression arterielle n'etaient pas differents entre C et E. Aux debits de perfusion les plus eleves, la reabsorption fractionnelle du sodium dans le segment de dilution n'etait pas differente entre C et E; il en etait de meme pour l'excretion fractionnelle du sodium. En conclusion, l'observation de l'absence d'effet sur C H 2 O de la suppression de l'excretion de PGE suggere que PGE renale ne modifie pas le transport de chlorure de sodium dans la branche ascendante de l'anse de Henle chez le chien eveille, en diurese aqueuse.
Stuck in a moment: an ex ante analysis of patient complaints in plastic surgery, used to predict malpractice risk profiles, from a large cohort of physicians in the patient advocacy reporting system.

Introduction Unsolicited patient complaints (UPCs) serve as a powerful predictor of increased risk of malpractice claims, and reductions in UPCs, through targeted physician interventions, lower incidence of lawsuits and decrease cost of risk management. We analyzed UPCs, verified by trained counselors in patient relations, to determine the malpractice risk of plastic surgeons, compared to dermatologists, all surgeons, and all physicians, from a national patient complaint registry. Methods We examined the patient complaint profiles and risk scores of 31,077 physicians (3935 surgeons, 338 plastic and reconstructive surgeons, and 519 dermatologists), who participated in the Patient Advocacy Reporting System, a national registry of UPCs. Patient complaint data were collected from 70 community and academic hospitals across 29 states, from 2009 to 2012. In addition to determining the specific complaint mix for plastic surgery compared to all physicians, each physician was assigned a patient complaint risk score, based on a proprietary weighted-sum algorithm, with a score higher than 70, indicative of high risk for malpractice claims. Patient complaint profiles and risk scores were compared between all groups, using Wilcoxon rank and χ analysis. P values less than 0.05 were assigned statistical significance. Results Over this 4-year period, the majority of plastic surgeons (50.8%) did not generate any patient complaints, but those who did received an average of 9.8 complaints from 4.8 patients. The percentage of physicians at high risk for malpractice claims, based upon the Patient Advocacy Reporting System index score of patient complaints, was as follows: all physicians, 2.0%; all surgeons, 4.1%; plastic and reconstructive surgeons, 2.4%; dermatologists, 1.4%. Physicians (from 2012 only) who were identified by their sponsoring institutions as "reconstructive" plastic surgeons (n = 41) were 5 times as likely to have a high risk score, compared to physicians who were identified as "plastic" surgeons (n = 233), and were more likely to practice within an academic health care system that had a level 1 trauma center and a plastic surgery residency program. The overall mix of patient complaints from plastic and reconstructive surgeons was nearly the same as the national cohort of all physicians: care and treatment, 49%; communication, 19%; accessibility and availability, 14%; money or payment issues, 9%; and concern for patient/family, 9%. Conclusions "Reconstructive" plastic surgeons are at increased risk for UPCs, compared to most physicians, especially dermatologists. Because UPCs are a robust proxy for malpractice risk, targeted interventions to decrease patient complaints may improve patient satisfaction and reduce malpractice claims and risk management activity. Monitoring UPCs may permit early identification of high-risk surgeons before malpractice claims accumulate.
The roles of soft computing and fuzzy logic in the conception, design and deployment of intelligent systems

Summary form only given. Soft computing (SC) is a consortium of methodologies which provide a foundation for intelligent systems. The principal methods are fuzzy logic (FL), neurocomputing (NC), genetic computing (GC) and probabilistic computing (PC), with PC subsuming evidential reasoning, uncertainty management and some machine learning theory. The main contribution of FL is a methodology for dealing with imprecision, approximate reasoning, fuzzy information granulation and computing with words; that of NC system identification, learning and adaption; that of CC systematized random research, tuning and optimization; and that of PC decision analysis and uncertainty management. The guiding principle of soft computing is: Exploit the tolerance for imprecision, uncertainty and partial truth to achieve tractability, robustness, low solution cost and better rapport with reality. The 4 methods are complementary rather than competitive. Their use in combination leads to hybrid intelligent systems. The most visible of such systems are neuro-fuzzy systems. The ubiquity of intelligent systems is certain to have a profound impact on the ways in which man-made systems are conceived, designed, manufactured, employed and interacted with. This is the perspective in which basic issues relating to soft computing and intelligent systems are addressed.
Estimation of Dynamic Green’s Functions for Large Space Structures by Pulse Probing and Deconvolution

The paper outlines the mathematical and computational basis of a method for experimentally identifying the dynamic behavior of linear structural systems. The method consists of exciting the structure with specific pulses and reconstructing the Green’s functions by deconvolution of the measured response. The reconstruction involves the solution of an ill-posed integral equation in the presence of noise. The reconstruction procedure is illustrated with a numerical experiment.
From oleic acid-capped iron oxide nanoparticles to polyethyleneimine-coated single-particle magnetofectins

Various inorganic nanoparticle designs have been developed and used as non-viral gene carriers. Magnetic gene carriers containing polyethyleneimine (PEI), a well-known transfection agent, have been shown to improve DNA transfection speed and efficiency in the presence of applied magnetic field gradients that promote particle–cell interactions. Here we report a method to prepare iron oxide nanoparticles conjugated with PEI that: preserves the narrow size distribution of the nanoparticles, conserves magnetic properties throughout the process, and results in efficient transfection. We demonstrate the ability of the particles to electrostatically bind with DNA and transfect human cervical cancer (HeLa) cells by the use of an oscillating magnet array. Their transfection efficiency is similar to that of Lipofectamine 2000™, a commercial transfection reagent. PEI-coated particles were subjected to acidification, and acidification in the presence of salts, before DNA binding. Results show that although these pre-treatments did not affect the ability of particles to bind DNA they did significantly enhanced transfection efficiency. Finally, we show that these magnetofectins (PEI-MNP/DNA) complexes have no effect on the viability of cells at the concentrations used in the study. The systematic preparation of magnetic vectors with uniform physical and magnetic properties is critical to progressing this non-viral transfection technology.
Human behaviour: Shoppers like what they know

Faced with ever-changing products, consumers can benefit from trying new items. But data collected over almost five years show that, the longer shoppers have been buying a favourite product, the more likely they are to stick with it.
Minimally Invasive Surgical Approaches for Chronic Subdural Hematomas

Chronic subdural hematomas are one of the most common clinical entities encountered in today's neurosurgical practices owing to an aging population and continued increases in life expectancy. Although there is a role for conservative management, surgical drainage remains the mainstay of current therapy. Regardless of the technique used for hematoma drainage, there is level I evidence to suggest that use of closed-system drainage during the perioperative period significantly decreases the likelihood for hematoma recurrence, length of hospital stay, and mortality.
DelPhiForce, a tool for electrostatic force calculations: Applications to macromolecular binding

Long-range electrostatic forces play an important role in molecular biology, particularly in macromolecular interactions. However, calculating the electrostatic forces for irregularly shaped molecules immersed in water is a difficult task. Here, we report a new tool, DelPhiForce, which is a tool in the DelPhi package that calculates and visualizes the electrostatic forces in biomolecular systems. In parallel, the DelPhi algorithm for modeling electrostatic potential at user-defined positions has been enhanced to include triquadratic and tricubic interpolation methods. The tricubic interpolation method has been tested against analytical solutions and it has been demonstrated that the corresponding errors are negligibly small at resolution 4 grids/A. The DelPhiForce is further applied in the study of forces acting between partners of three protein-protein complexes. It has been demonstrated that electrostatic forces play a dual role by steering binding partners (so that the partners recognize their native interfaces) and exerting an electrostatic torque (if the mutual orientations of the partners are not native-like). The output of DelPhiForce is in a format that VMD can read and visualize, and provides additional options for analysis of protein-protein binding. DelPhiForce is available for download from the DelPhi webpage at http://compbio.clemson.edu/downloadDir/delphiforce.tar.gz © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Methods and Media

This chapter is about a method I developed to draw the pictures in this book. It is, of course, an amalgam of many techniques which I learned from other illustrators. My earliest efforts at drawing surfaces were inspired by catastrophe theory. Many of the models proposed by Thom and Zeeman were purely descriptive: a figure of speech based on the geometry of a polynomial. The technical economy and operational simplicity of such models are very appealing. Accordingly, I shall present my drawing method in terms of such a geometrical metaphor. If you are familiar with the story of the calculus, as told by Carl Boyer [1949] for example, you will also recognize my debt to the schoolmen Suiseth and Oresme. In their theory of forms, a precursor of Cartesian geometry, they graphed an inexact intensity on the latitude (=ordinate) against the longitude (=abscissa) measuring some duration or physical extension.
Occupied-Orbital Fast Multipole Method for Efficient Exact Exchange Evaluation

We present an efficient algorithm for computing the exact exchange contributions in the Hartree–Fock and hybrid density functional theory models on the basis of the fast multipole method (FMM). Our algorithm is based on the observation that FMM with hierarchical boxes can be efficiently used in the exchange matrix construction, when at least one of the indices of the exchange matrix is constrained to be an occupied orbital. Timing benchmarks are presented for alkane chains (C400H802 and C150H302), a graphene sheet (C150H30), a water cluster [(H2O)100], and a protein Crambin (C202H317O64N55S6). The computational cost of the far-field exchange evaluation for Crambin is roughly 3% that of a self-consistent field iteration when the multipoles up to rank 2 are used.
KUALITAS LAYANAN INTERNAL YANG MEMENGARUHI KEPUASAN NASABAH DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN KUALITAS LAYANAN EKSTERNAL SEBAGAI VARIABEL MEDIASI

This study develops the role of service quality both internal and external service quality to improve customer satisfaction at shariah banking service office in DKI Jakarta province. This study discusses the study on two areas of science namely Human Resource Management and marketing management science. The target in this study was 121 shariah banking service offices. Sample is s elected using purposive sampling. The liniear Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was adopt ed to verfy the model. The results are (1) internal service quality has a positive significant and direct influence on external service quality (2) external service quality has a positive significant and direct influence on customer satisfaction (3) internal service quality has significantly positive influence on external service quality, which in turn affects the customer satisfaction in a significant and positive manner. In summary, the external service quality has a partially mediating effect.
Relationship between Background Parenchymal Enhancement on High-risk Screening MRI and Future Breast Cancer Risk

Rationale and Objectives To determine if background parenchymal enhancement (BPE) on screening breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in high-risk women correlates with future cancer. Materials and Methods All screening breast MRIs (n = 1039) in high-risk women at our institution from August 1, 2004, to July 30, 2013, were identified. Sixty-one patients who subsequently developed breast cancer were matched 1:2 by age and high-risk indication with patients who did not develop breast cancer (n = 122). Five fellowship-trained breast radiologists independently recorded the BPE. The median reader BPE for each case was calculated and compared between the cancer and control cohorts. Results Cancer cohort patients were high-risk because of a history of radiation therapy (10%, 6 of 61), high-risk lesion (18%, 11 of 61), or breast cancer (30%, 18 of 61); BRCA mutation (18%, 11 of 61); or family history (25%, 15 of 61). Subsequent malignancies were invasive ductal carcinoma (64%, 39 of 61), ductal carcinoma in situ (30%, 18 of 61) and invasive lobular carcinoma (7%, 4of 61). BPE was significantly higher in the cancer cohort than in the control cohort (P = 0.01). Women with mild, moderate, or marked BPE were 2.5 times more likely to develop breast cancer than women with minimal BPE (odds ratio = 2.5, 95% confidence interval: 1.3–4.8, P = .005). There was fair interreader agreement (κ = 0.39). Conclusions High-risk women with greater than minimal BPE at screening MRI have increased risk of future breast cancer.
The relationship between schizotypal traits and hoarding symptoms: An examination of symptom specificity and the role of perceived cognitive failures

Abstract Background Hoarding disorder presents significant individual and interpersonal consequences. Because hoarding has only recently been added to the DSM, relatively little is known about associated comorbidity patterns. Several researchers have postulated a relationship between hoarding and schizotypy. To date, however, no investigations have considered which specific types of schizotypal traits relate to hoarding symptoms. Methods We examined the association between hoarding and schizotypal symptoms using multivariate analyses in two samples—a sample of 120 young adults and a community sample of 291 individuals recruited from Mechanical Turk's online crowdsourcing system. Results Individuals who fell within the clinical range on the Saving Inventory Revised endorsed significantly greater levels of schizotypal symptoms compared to those with normative saving behaviors. Odd speech, magical thinking, and social anxiety were the most consistent schizotypal correlates of hoarding symptoms. Perceived cognitive dysfunction mediated the effects between odd speech and social anxiety and hoarding symptoms, suggesting that shared abnormalities in cognitive functioning may help explain the relationship between hoarding and schizotypy. Limitations This study examined the spectrum of schizotypy and hoarding symptoms via self-report in two nonclinical populations. Conclusions Findings underscore the importance of assessing schizotypal traits in patients with hoarding, and suggest future avenues of research to better understand the underlying causes explaining the overlap, as well as potential treatment implications.
A41 Session 12: Cell Death Continuum: It’s Role in Cryomedicine

It is universally recognized that hypothermia provides the bed-rock upon which clinical organ preservation has served the transplantation community well for several decades since the advent of clinical organ transplantation in the 1960s. Hypothermia became widely used clinically after the introduction of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in the early 1950’s. Lowering the temperature of a euthermic subject to a temperature below that normally maintained by homeostasis reduces the metabolic rate, and hence the demand for oxygen and substrates by the tissues. On this basis, many modern day surgical procedures, particularly in the areas of cardiovascular surgery, neurosurgery, and sometimes in trauma, rely on some degree of imposed or regulated hypothermia as a relatively safe modality for effecting biologic protection during circulatory and/or cardiac arrest [1] ; [2]. Similarly, the application of hypothermia to organ preservation is based upon sound scientific principles for the protective effect of reduced temperatures against the deleterious effects of ischemia and hypoxia that ensues when an organ is removed from its normal physiological environment during procurement. However, low temperatures have a multitude of effects, not all of which are desirable or beneficial. In fact, special conditions have been developed to harness the protective properties of cold for effective organ preservation and the development of specialized solutions is the primary factor in the evolution of hypothermic organ preservation technology. Even in pre-clinical research models, extreme hemodilution by blood replacement with synthetic, acellular crystalloid/colloid solutions has proved efficacious for avoiding ischemia/reperfusion in vivo after several hours of circulatory arrest under ultraprofound hypothermia (<10 °C) [1] ; [2]. The modern era of organ transplantation, which increasingly uses organs from marginal donors including those compromised by prior warm ischemia, is reliant on preservation technology to provide the means to stabilize and even resuscitate the donor organ. Ischemic insults (warm and cold) are incurred by the donor organ during each stage of the transplantation process from procurement, through preservation for storage and shipping, to re-implantation and re-perfusion. Each stage demands optimized conditions for the best outcome and hypothermia enhanced by appropriately designed preservation solutions is not only the basis for current standard practices, but offers the path towards improved techniques in the future. The most promising approach for further improvement of hypothermic preservation technology is the careful selection of cytoprotective and resuscitative agents as supplements to the baseline perfusates to counteract ischemia/reperfusion injury [3]. Specific targets include reactive oxygen species, pro-inflammatory cytokines and other cell stress mediators that lead to death by apoptosis or necrosis. This approach has recently been applied successfully to hypothermic perfusion preservation of clinical livers.
Hepatic artery stenosis after liver transplant: Donation after cardiac death donor vs donation after brain death donor grafts.

Background Hepatic artery stenosis (HAS) after liver transplant (LT) is a source of significant morbidity. Some reports have suggested higher arterial complications in patients who receive donation after cardiac death (DCD) livers. Methods A total of 2860 consecutive LT were reviewed from a prospectively collected database. All angiograms performed in LT recipients were reviewed and primary patency rates determined by need for further intervention or graft loss due to HAT. Results Hepatic artery stenosis was seen in 4.6% of DCD and donation after brain death (DBD) recipients. Recipient male gender, age at transplant, complex donor hepatic artery anatomy, and prolonged operative time were all associated with HAS, but not DCD status. While HAS in recipients of DCD grafts required more stents (1.7% vs 0.6%, P = 0.04) and had worse primary patency rates (logrank, P = 0.02), outcomes as defined by HAT, patient and graft survival were not significantly different between the recipients of DCD or DBD grafts. Conclusion We observed no significant difference in the incidence of hepatic artery complications, patient survival, or graft survival in recipients of DCD or DBD grafts. However, HAS in DCD recipients had worse primary patency and a higher need for stent placement.
Quasilinear Control of Systems with Time-Delays and Nonlinear Actuators and Sensors

We investigate Quasilinear Control (QLC) of time-delay systems with nonlinear actuators and sensors. QLC leverages the method of stochastic linearization to replace each nonlinearity with an equivalent gain. The existence of the equivalent gain for a closed loop time-delay system is discussed. To compute the equivalent gain, both the delay Lyapunov method and the Pade approximant are explored. The method of saturated-root locus (S-RL) is extended to nonlinear time-delay systems, and a QLC-based optimal controller design is presented. Statistical experiments are performed to investigate the accuracy of stochastic linearization compared to a system without time-delay. Results show that stochastic linearization effectively linearizes a nonlinear time-delay system, even though delays generally degrade accuracy. Finally, pitch control in a wind turbine system is introduced as a practical example of a nonlinear time-delay system, and its performance is analyzed to demonstrate the applicability and efficacy of the approach.
Human Milk and Infants With Congenital Heart Disease: A Summary of Current Literature Supporting the Provision of Human Milk and Breastfeeding

Background:Human milk is a life-saving medical intervention. Infants with congenital heart disease are at an increased risk for necrotizing enterocolitis, chylothorax, feeding difficulties, and growth failure. In the absence of evidence-based care, their mothers are also at risk for low milk supply
David Jones: A Christian Modernist?: edited by Jamie Callison, Paul S. Fiddes, Anna Johnson, and Erik Tonning, Leiden, Brill, 2018, x + 297 pp., US$144.00 (hardback), ISBN 978 9 0043 569 79

For some readers, the work of David Jones is a brilliant if difficult enigma. When first discovering him as a World War I poet, the student of literature recognizes the extraordinary scope of In Pa...
Hidden in Plaintext: An Obfuscation-based Countermeasure against FPGA Bitstream Tampering Attacks

Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) have become an attractive choice for diverse applications due to their reconfigurability and unique security features. However, designs mapped to FPGAs are prone to malicious modifications or tampering of critical functions. Besides, targeted modifications have demonstrably compromised FPGA implementations of various cryptographic primitives. Existing security measures based on encryption and authentication can be bypassed using their side-channel vulnerabilities to execute bitstream tampering attacks. Furthermore, numerous resource-constrained applications are now equipped with low-end FPGAs, which may not support power-hungry cryptographic solutions. In this article, we propose a novel obfuscation-based approach to achieve strong resistance against both random and targeted pre-configuration tampering of critical functions in an FPGA design. Our solution first identifies the unique structural and functional features that separate the critical function from the rest of the design using a machine learning guided framework. The selected features are eliminated by applying appropriate obfuscation techniques, many of which take advantage of “FPGA dark silicon”—unused lookup table resources—to mask the critical functions. Furthermore, following the same obfuscation principle, a redundancy-based technique is proposed to thwart targeted, rule-based, and random tampering. We have developed a complete methodology and custom software toolflow that integrates with commercial tools. By applying the masking technique on a design containing AES, we show the effectiveness of the proposed framework in hiding the critical S-Box function. We implement the redundancy integrated solution in various cryptographic designs to analyze the overhead. To protect 16.2% critical component of a design, the proposed approach incurs an average area overhead of only 2.4% over similar redundancy-based approaches, while achieving strong security.
Race and ethnic differences in fear of property, personal, and gang victimization among people involved in crime: testing the effects of perceived neighborhood characteristics

Fear of victimization among the general population has received much scholarly attention, yet fear among people involved in crime remains largely overlooked. Among 2,200 criminally active responden...
“Cannot Intubate, Cannot Oxygenate” (CICO) rescue by emergency Front of Neck Airway (eFONA)

In airway management, a ``Cannot Intubate, Cannot oxygenate” emergency, or simply ``CICO” (IPA: kaɪkəʊ), is an inability to restore alveolar oxygenation by means of any non-surgical lifeline (facemask, endotracheal tube, or supraglottic airway device). With ``CICO,” hypoxic brain damage and death will result unless there is rapid resolution. The ability of an airway team member to swiftly establish an emergency Front of Neck Airway as a CICO rescue is currently deemed to be an essential skill for everyone that performs tracheal intubations. This paper presents the context, components, justification, and human factors-related ramifications of a simple rescue cricothyroidotomy technique currently favored in many institutions and commended in guidelines internationally, particularly in the context of a cognitive tool, the Vortex Approach to airway management.
Physics-informed deep learning for prediction of CO2 storage site response.

Abstract Accurate prediction of the CO2 plume migration and pressure is imperative for safe operation and economic management of carbon storage projects. Numerical reservoir simulations of CO2 flow could be used for this purpose allowing the operators and stakeholders to calculate the site response considering different operational scenarios and uncertainties in geological characterization. However, the computational toll of these high-fidelity simulations has motivated the recent development of data-driven models. Such models are less costly, but may overfit the data and produce predictions inconsistent with the underlying physical laws. Here, we propose a physics-informed deep learning method that uses deep neural networks but also incorporates flow equations to predict a carbon storage site response to CO2 injection. A 3D synthetic dataset is used to show the effectiveness of this modeling approach. The model approximates the temporal and spatial evolution of pressure and CO2 saturation and predicts water production rate over time (outputs), given the initial porosity, permeability and injection rate (inputs). First, we establish a baseline using data-driven deep learning models namely, Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM). To build a physics-informed model, the loss term is modified using the constraints defined by a simplified form of the governing partial differential equations (conservation of mass coupled with Darcy's law for a two-phase flow system). Our results indicate that incorporating the domain knowledge significantly improves the accuracy of predictions. The proposed modeling approach can be integrated in CO2 storage management to accurately predict the critical site response indicators for a range of relevant input parameters, even when limited training data is available.
Implementing and Assessing Evidence-Based Character Education:

Those who implement character education initiatives intend for those initiatives to be effective in promoting the development of character. To maximize this likelihood, it is important to consider ...