cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The interaction of a spin-labeled sulfunamide with bovine carbonic anhydrase B

Abstract A spin-labeled sulfonamide [1-oxy1-4-(p-sulfamylbenzoyl)-amino- 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidine] has been synthesized and its interaction with bovine erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase B studied by means of electron spin resonance. When free in solution, this sulfonamide exhibited a sharp three line spectrum due to hyperfine interaction between the unpaired electron and the nitrogen nucleus of the nitroxide group. However, in the presence of bovine carbonic anhydrase B, the spectrum of the spin-labeled sulfonamide resembled the powder spectrum of the nitroxide free radical. This indicated that when the sulfonamide binds to carbonic anyhydrase the nitroxide group is immobilized by interaction with the enzyme binding site. Ethoxyzolamide (a drug which has a very high affinity for the active site of carbonic anhydrase) specifically displaced the sulfonamide spin label from its binding site on carbonic anhydrase. These results suggest that the active site of bovine carbonic anhydrase B is a narrow crevice similar to that already described for human carbonic anhydrase C.
Graves ophthalmopathy after radiation treatment of thyroid cancer.

Abstract Objective To describe a patient with metastatic thyroid cancer who developed Graves ophthalmopathy after treatment with radioiodine (I 131) and external beam radiation. Methods We present a case report that includes clinical, laboratory, and radiologic findings and a brief review of the literature. Results A 49-year-old woman who had had a total thyroidectomy and neck dissection followed by I 131 treatment 5 years earlier for papillary thyroid cancer presented for follow-up management after recent neck dissection for recurrent disease. Because she had thyroglobulin antibodies, she was again treated with I 131 after preparation with recombinant human thyroid-stimulating hormone. A post-treatment scan revealed uptake in the right iliac crest. A fludeoxyglucose F 18 positron emission tomography/computed tomography fusion scan revealed osseous metastases in the right pelvis, and external beam radiotherapy was delivered to this area. Approximately 5 months later, she developed periocular swelling and excessive tearing. Magnetic resonance imaging of the orbits revealed enlargement of the extraocular muscles. Serum thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins were greatly elevated. Conclusion This case corroborates an earlier report to suggest that radiation-associated thyroid injury in a patient with thyroid cancer may be followed by Graves ophthalmopathy and appearance of thyroid-stimulating immune-globulins in the serum. (Endocr Pract. 2008;14:419-421)
Host-guest chemistry of pyrene-based molecular receptors

Abstract The design and synthesis of molecular fluorescent sensors that are able to detect cations and anions via changes in fluorescence intensity either by a fluorescence “turn on”, e.g., excimer formation or by a “turn off”, i.e., excimer quenching, is an area of current interest. There has been a plethora of work dedicated to the development of fluorescent chemosensors in the field of supramolecular chemistry. This article will focus on a particular type of molecular receptors, those that contain a pyrene functional group that has been incorporated into the design of the molecular framework. This article will focus on three broad types of pyrene-based molecular receptors: (i) dipodal molecular receptors, (ii) “bowl” shaped receptors in the form of calixarenes and their derivatives, and (iii) metal-induced self-assembled systems.
Some partitions of a Hermitian matrix

Abstract This paper gives explicit values for the number of ways a Hermitian matrix B may be partitioned into various sums over a finite field. For example, B = X ∗ 2 X ∗ 1 AY ∗ 1 Y ∗ 2 + Y 2 Y 1 A ∗ X 1 X 2 .
Electrophoretic Deposition of Star Polymer-Europium Chalcogenide Nanocomposite Films

The electrophoretic deposition of polystyrene/divinylbenzene (PS/DVB) star polymer-europium sulphide (EuS) nanocomposite films from a colloidal suspension is reported. Liquid suspension, containing both the PS/DVB star polymer and EuS nanocrystals were prepared by separately injecting dichloromethane (DCM) based solutions of EuS nanocrystals and of the star polymers, respectively, into a stratified liquid combination of hexane and DCM. Scanning electron microscopy illustrates images of the dependence of surface morphology on nanocrystal concentration of the PS/DVB-EuS star polymer film. These polymer-encased nanocrystal films may be a more practical option for the fabrication of magneto-optical thin film devices, such as optical switches, optical isolators, and optical memories.
Female voices of aggression in Tonga

Tonga, a Polynesian society, is characterized by a social order and by Christian beliefs that work to constrain aggressive action and conflict. Violence does take place in Tonga but there is active discouragement of any behavior that may be socially disruptive. Tongan women in particular are allowed only a limited number of contexts in which acceptable expression of aggression can take place. In response, Tongan women rely on rather covert forms of aggression in processes of competition and conflict. A speech given during an inter-denominational religious feast controlled by the women of one village provides an example of a woman aggressively empowering herself through discourse clothed within the language of Tongan charity and Christian love.
Damage evolution and rupture in creeping of porous materials

Abstract The configurational evolution in time and space of two-dimensional ellipsoidal damage into an elongated flaw with preferred orientation is solved and studied. The damage is represented as a single, traction free, ellipsoidal void embedded in an infinitely large time-dependent porous-like solid. The solid creeps in a power-law fashion under static biaxial loads which induce a large-scale rotation (with volume enlargement contraction) of the void. In the special case of unidirectional loading the free boundary of the void evolves into an expanded and elongated new shape while rotating towards a position codirectional with the principal tensile axis. The solution which describes this phenomenon made use of the analogy between linear viscous fluid and incompressible elasticity but has been extended (by incremental time-step integration) to geometrical and material nonlinearities. The enlargement of the analysis to multiple-voids interactions (via the “sel-fconsistent” approximation) enables one to follow the porosity time evolution till rupture. The main outcome is the reinforcement of McClintock and Berg's vision of the ductile rupture mechanism by void coalescence. The process simulation agrees well with visual observations of void expansion and rotation in a highly viscous material and with experimental measurements of the rupture ductilities of creeping materials with dilfercnt strain-rate sensitivity index. Similarities and dissimilarities with existing phenomenological damage theories are discussed.
Myofiber death plays a role in determining fiber type composition in the claw closer muscles of the snapping shrimp, Alpheus heterochelis

Marine shrimp of the genus Alpheus exhibit a remarkable reversal of asymmetry in their great claws. This unique phenomenon includes transition of the closer muscle in one claw from a muscle of mixed fiber type into a homogenous slow muscle. We have developed monoclonal antibodies that specifically recognize fast and slow myosin heavy chain (MHC), and have used these as immunohistochemical markers to follow the fate of different myofiber types during this transformation. This analysis reveals a strikingly specific necrosis of the fast fibers. The onset of fiber degeneration appears linked to the molt cycle and occurs rapidly once started. This represents the first example of programmed myofiber death as a mechanism used in crustacean muscle development.
Electrostatic Sources of Ionizing Energy

The growing need in science, medicine, and technology for intense sources of high-energy particles and other forms of ionizing energy is being met to an increasing extent by devices which depend upon electrostatic forces and principles. The vitality of these modern uses of ionizing energy and the unique effectiveness of the electrostatic accelerator in meeting their requirements are evident in such diverse activities as experimental nuclear research, the super-voltage X-ray treatment of disease, and the sterilization of biologicals and foods by streams of high-energy electrons.
Stochastic geophysical diffraction tomography

We revisit geophysical diffraction tomography (GDT) and cast it into a stochastic framework, in which the geophysical formation to be imaged is modeled as a realization of a two-dimensional stationary random process. It is shown that the optimum reconstruction algorithm, in both the cases of offset vertical seismic profiling and well-to-well probing, attains a modified filtered backpropagation form.©1994 John Wiley & Sons Inc
Transition structures for radical hydrogen abstractions and lithium hydride additions: Similitudes and divarications

Abstract Ab initio transition structures were obtained for the reactions of methane and hydrogen sulfide with the 1-hydroxyethyl radical, lithium hydride with acetaldehyde, hydrogen sulfide with 2-hydroxy-3-methylbutan-2-yl, and lithium hydride with methyl isopropyl ketone.
Distorted tetrahedral complexes of copper(I) and copper(II) displaying N2S2 co-ordination. X-Ray crystal structure of [2-(2-pyridyl)ethyl]bis[2-(ethylthio)ethyl]aminecopper(I) tetraphenylborate

Reaction of the appropriate copper starting material with the new N2S2 ligand [2-(2-pyridyl)ethyl]bis[2-(ethylthio)ethyl]amine (pea)(A) which is constrained to pseudo-tetrahedral co-ordination, yields the CuI and CuII derivatives, [Cu(pea)]+ and [Cu(pea)]2+; the CuII species shows low energy d–d absorption bands suggesting a distorted co-ordination geometry and the X-ray structure of the CuI derivative confirms a pseudotetrahedral co-ordination environment.
Electrochemical detection of carbohydrates using copper nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes

Abstract Copper (Cu) nanoparticles (4–8 nm in diameter), prepared by using sodium borohydride to reduce copper dodecyl sulfate (Cu(DS)2), were used with single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) to fabricate electrochemical sensors. Nafion, a perfluorosulfonated polymer, was able to solubilize SWCNTs and displayed interactions with Cu nanoparticles to form a network, connecting Cu nanoparticles to a glassy carbon (GC) or Cu electrode surface. Cyclic voltammetry confirmed an electrical contact through SWCNTs between Cu nanoparticles and the GC backing whereas TEM micrographs illustrated the deposition of Cu nanoparticles on the carbon nanotubes. The response time and the detection limit (S/N=3) of the sensor for glucose were 10 s and 250 nM, respectively, i.e. a four-fold increase in the sensitivity compared to a bare Cu disk electrode. The response to interferents, such as acetaminophen, ascorbic acid and uric acid was suppressed in the presence of the SWCNT/Cu nanoparticle composite.
Application of low energy photon spectroscopy in isomer production of Hf, W, Ir, Pt, Au and Hg using (γ, γ′) reactions

Abstract In the present work we present results of activation analysis of various heavy metals using bremsstrahlung gammas to create short lived nuclear isomers. The method uses inelastic gamma scattering on natural samples of Hf, W, Ir, Pt, Au, and Hg to produce the isomers 179m Hf, 183m W, 191m Ir, 195m Pt, 197m Au, and 199m Hg. For isomer detection, a comparison is made between the minimum detection limit achievable using either isomeric gammas or the characteristic X-rays which follow internal conversion. This latter mechanism has the bulk of the decay probability for most of the nuclei studied. An election linac was used to produce the bremsstrahlung, with electron energies between 6 and 8 MeV being optimal. Interferences were investigated and optimal irradiation and counting times were determined using predominantly low energy photon spectroscopy. A linear electron accelerator producing bremsstrahlung radiation with a maximum quanta of 6–8 MeV has proven to be optimal for the isomeric excitation.
Comparative assessment of sensorimotor function using functional magnetic resonance imaging and electrophysiological methods.

Summary: Accurate assessment of the location of the sensorimotor cortex is important in presurgical investigation of and planning for patients with lesions impinging on this region. In this review, the relationship between the assessment of sensorimotor cortex by invasive electrophysiological mapping and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is discussed. A number of areas are covered: (a) brief backgrounds of MRI and fMRI are provided, (b) existing fMRI literature of sensorimotor cortex activation is surveyed, (c) results of fMRI sensorimotor studies and intracranial somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) recordings and cortical stimulation in neurosurgical patients are compared, and (d) the locus of fMRI activation is discussed in the light of cortical generators of SEP components.
“art is spirituality!”: practice, play, and experiential learning in the jewish renewal movement

ABSTRACTThis essay explores the art world of ALEPH: Alliance for Jewish Renewal—in order to better understand the role of particular material practices in creating a distinctive religious experience and community. One attractive characteristic of Jewish Renewal is its invitation to play artistically with Jewish canonical texts, practices, and traditions. While some might argue that play leads necessarily to a limited and fragmentary Judaism, and that more rigorous study and practice is required, others see both practice and play as routes to a deeper religious experience. Artistic play with Jewish texts and traditions is seen by Renewal Jews as experiential learning, a variety of midrash (biblical interpretation). Artistic adornment of ritual objects and garb may also be understood as hiddur mitzvah (beautifying the religious precepts). Through an examination of the work of five artists (two painters, two fabric artists, and a weaver), the essay engages the concept of “handmade midrash” (artistic works as...
Scaled envelopes: scale-invariant and efficient estimation in multivariate linear regression

SUMMARY Efficient estimation of the regression coefficients is a fundamental problem in multivariate linear regression. The envelope model proposed by Cook et al. (2010) was shown to have the potential to achieve substantial efficiency gains by accounting for linear combinations of the response vector that are essentially immaterial to coefficient estimation. This requires in part that the distribution of those linear combinations be invariant to changes in the nonstochastic predictor vector. However, inference based on an envelope is not invariant or equivariant under rescaling of the responses, tending to limit application to responses that are measured in the same or similar units. The efficiency gains promised by envelopes often cannot be realized when the responses are measured in different scales. To overcome this limitation and broaden the scope of envelope methods, we propose a scaled version of the envelope model, which preserves the potentialoftheoriginalenvelopemethodstoincreaseefficiencyandisinvarianttoscalechanges. Likelihood-based estimators are derived and theoretical properties of the estimators are studied in various circumstances. It is shown that estimating appropriate scales for the responses can produce substantial efficiency gains when the original envelope model offers none. Simulations and an example are given to support the theoretical claims.
On maneuvering large flexible spacecraft using an annular momentum control device

A scheme for the control and maneuvering of a large flexible spacecraft by means of two flexible AMCD's using noncontacting magnetic suspension is presented. The system consists of a flexible vehicle, two flexible rings and a magnetic suspension and driving assembly. The necessary skewing of the rings for maneuvering of the vehicle is accomplished by moving the pairs of magnets along tracks distributed around the circumference of the vehicle. The equations of motion for each subsystem are derived by the Lagrangian approach. Attitude motions are described in terms of quasi-coordinates. For small vehicle angular rates and rings attitude motions, an ordering scheme can be used to separate the equations of motion according to the magnitude of the terms. The ordered equations of motion lead to a linear time-variant optimal control problem for the maneuvering of the spacecraft.
REFINING A SYSTEM FOR COMPUTERIZED ADAPTIVE TESTING POOL CREATION1

The purpose of this paper is to describe the development and features of a revised computerized adaptive testing (CAT) item pool creation system. This system refines and upgrades the system that is currently in use for the ongoing creation of CAT pools for several large-scale, high-stakes testing programs administered by Educational Testing Service (ETS®). Using data from a large-scale CAT program administered by ETS, an illustrative application of the software is provided to compare pools created using simultaneous partitioning and sequential partitioning. The results of the comparison indicated that simultaneous partitioning was preferable to sequential partitioning in the conditions studied. The paper concludes by identifying and discussing several issues that remain to be investigated in utilizing the revised pool creation system with ETS CAT programs.
O‐Phospho‐l‐Serine mediates Hyporesponsiveness toward FVIII in Hemophilia A‐Murine Model by Inducing Tolerogenic Properties in Dendritic Cells

ABSTRACT The clinical use of therapeutic proteins can be complicated by the development of anti‐product antibodies. We have previously observed that O‐phospho‐ l ‐serine (OPLS) reduced antibody response to FVIII in Hemophilia‐A (HA) mice. However, the mechanism underlying this observation is not clear. We hypothesize that OPLS reduces immunogenicity by inducing tolerogenic properties in dendritic cells (DCs). We tested this hypothesis using in vivo , in vitro , and ex vivo methods. Naive HA mice that were pre‐exposed to FVIII in the presence of OPLS showed substantially lower antibody response following rechallenge with OPLS free FVIII as compared with dexamethasone‐pretreated mice. Exposure of OPLS to bone‐marrow‐derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) in culturing conditions resulted in an increase in the regulatory cytokine TGF‐β and a decrease in proinflammatory cytokines TNF‐α and IL12p70. This was accompanied by a significant reduction in upregulation of costimulatory marker CD40, as measured by flow cytometry. Furthermore, ex vivo matured BMDCs in the presence of FVIII and OPLS failed to elicit a robust immune response in HA mice compared with FVIII‐treated BMDCs. Our data suggest that OPLS modulates the immune response by altering the function and maturation of DCs, resulting in the induction of tolerogenic properties. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association J Pharm Sci 103:3457–3463, 2014
Frustrated superexchange interaction versus orbital order in a LaVO3 crystal.

Measurements of magnetic, transport properties, thermal conductivity, and magnetization under pressure as well as neutron diffraction have been made on a single crystal and powder sample of ${\mathrm{LaVO}}_{3}$. The N\'eel temperature was found to mark a transition from the phase with both frustrated superexchange interaction and spin--orbit $\ensuremath{\lambda}\mathbit{L}\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}\mathbit{S}$ coupling to the phase where the Jahn-Teller orbital-lattice coupling dominates. The dramatic reduction of absolute entropy in the paramagnetic phase is explained in terms of forming a long-range coherent state due to the interference between frustrated orbits and spins.
Cognition-behavior connections: Attribution and verbal behavior in leader-subordinate interactions☆

Abstract This study investigated managerial attributions and the observed verbal behaviors of managers and subordinates. Twenty-four experienced managers each interacted with four different subordinates in a simulated performance appraisal setting under different conditions of work history and performance (N = 96 interactions). Managerial attributions were measured both before and after the interaction. The conversational behaviors of both the managers and subordinates were recorded on videotape and then coded into verbal categories for analysis. The results showed distinctly different patterns of managerial attribution and verbal behavior for the subordinate performance failure condition when compared to the success condition, but no response to the work history information cue. In particular, managers tended to probe for the cause of failure by asking attribution-seeking (“why?”) questions of the subordinates. In addition, the face-to-face interaction resulted in an attributional shift toward leniency by the managers, who assigned less blame for failure and more credit for success after the interaction. The conversations were marked by reciprocal task information exchange, evaluative behavior, and in the case of low performance, overt verbal attributions by the subordinates in response to the managers' attribution-seeking questions. Overall, the study provided an exploration of the relation between cognition and behavior and details of manager-subordinate verbal behavior in organizational interactions.
Sharon's endgame for the west bank barrier

Overshadowed by the controversy over whether Israel's “Anti‐terrorist Fence” facilitates peace with the Palestinians, Sharon's endgame probably seeks to use the route as a bargaining chip by tradin...
Complications of intravesical therapy for urothelial cancer of the bladder.

Purpose: Intravesical therapy is an integral part of treatment in patients with superficial urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. The American Urological Association and European Association of Urology guidelines on bladder cancer incorporate it for the treatment of superficial bladder cancer. Given the extensive use of intravesical immunotherapy and chemotherapy, it is essential for the practicing urologist to be aware of the local and systemic side effects of these therapies.Materials and Methods: We reviewed the literature on intravesical immunotherapy and chemotherapy with particular emphasis on side effects, complications and their management. A Medline search of the English language literature for the last 25 years was done on Entrez PubMed and all relevant articles were studied in full. All side effects and complications were studied and their management was reviewed.Results: Intravesical therapy for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder is generally safe. There is a high incidence of local, us...
Meiotic Prophase Abnormalities and Metaphase Cell Death in MLH1-Deficient Mouse Spermatocytes: Insights into Regulation of Spermatogenic Progress

The MLH1 protein is required for normal meiosis in mice and its absence leads to failure in maintenance of pairing between bivalent chromosomes, abnormal meiotic division, and ensuing sterility in both sexes. In this study, we investigated whether failure to develop foci of MLH1 protein on chromosomes in prophase would lead to elimination of prophase spermatocytes, and, if not, whether univalent chromosomes could align normally on the meiotic spindle and whether metaphase spermatocytes would be delayed and/or eliminated. In spite of the absence of MLH1 foci, no apoptosis of spermatocytes in prophase was detected. In fact, chromosomes of pachytene spermatocytes from Mlh1(-/-) mice were competent to condense metaphase chromosomes, both in vivo and in vitro. Most condensed chromosomes were univalents with spatially distinct FISH signals. Typical metaphase events, such as synaptonemal complex breakdown and the phosphorylation of Ser10 on histone H3, occurred in Mlh1(-/-) spermatocytes, suggesting that there is no inhibition of onset of meiotic metaphase in the face of massive chromosomal abnormalities. However, the condensed univalent chromosomes did not align correctly onto the spindle apparatus in the majority of Mlh1(-/-) spermatocytes. Most meiotic metaphase spermatocytes were characterized with bipolar spindles, but chromosomes radiated away from the microtubule-organizing centers in a prometaphase-like pattern rather than achieving a bipolar orientation. Apoptosis was not observed until after the onset of meiotic metaphase. Thus, spermatocytes are not eliminated in direct response to the initial meiotic defect, but are eliminated later. Taken together, these observations suggest that a spindle assembly checkpoint, rather than a recombination or chiasmata checkpoint, may be activated in response to meiotic errors, thereby ensuring elimination of chromosomally abnormal gamete precursors.
Community Forest Management as Virtualism in Northeastern Madagascar

In Madagascar, as elsewhere, decentralization and devolution of natural resource management to local, community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) institutions have been major approaches for the increased engagement of local people in conservation projects. Using virtualism, a set of theories linking abstract models to their implementation in policy, I explore the implementation of CBNRM in the periphery of the newly established Makira Natural Park in northeastern Madagascar. I show that the imposition of an ill-suited model of CBNRM led to community-based institutions becoming instruments of coercion rather than empowerment for community members. Madagascar’s CBNRM legislation implied communal land tenure arrangements, the legitimacy and comprehensibility of written contracts, and an overly onerous regulatory environment prior to decentralization - none of which held true for Makira communities. In Makira, the virtualizing vision of CBNRM led to the further marginalization of already marginal people.
Ab initio study of structures and binding energies for anion-water complexes

Results of ab initio molecular orbital calculations are reported for complexes of eleven anions with a water molecule. Optimized geometries obtained with the 6-31G(d) basis set were used in calculations including diffuse functions and the correlation energy. The present structural and energetic results complement and extend experimental studies of gas-phase acidities and single-molecule hydration energies. Trends for the hydrogen bonding are also elucidated.
Searching for the dream embedded memory

In this paper, it was concluded that embedding memories into an SOC increases bandwidth, speed, and reliability of the overall system, while reducing power consumption and form factor. Embedded DRAM is an attractive choice for embedded memory because it consumes only 30% of standby power and 10% of active power, while it occupies only 30% of the area, compared to SRAM at the 90-nm CMOS node. At the same level of technology, embedded DRAM can achieve a soft-error rate of less than 1 FIT per Mb, which is ten to 1,000 times smaller than that of a comparable SRAM. However, a careful assessment of the benefits must be weighed against the increased process cost of four to six extra masks and masking operations. Emerging memories such as MRAM and PCRAM are nonvolatile with almost unlimited endurance and offer five orders of magnitude faster write speed than flash memory does, yet with read speed close to that of embedded DRAM. In addition, they are potentially simpler to fabricate. The MRAM cell is based on a multilayer magnetic tunnel junction with a parallel or antiparallel state to provide a 0 or1 logic state. The PCRAM cell is based on a reversible phase change between crystalline and amorphous states to provide a 0 or 1 state. These mechanisms have been proven in magnetic heads in hard disk drives and in readable/writable DVDs in discrete form. They are suitable for use as level-two or level-three cache or main memory or as storage devices for code or data. These emerging memories are about ready to be integrated into mainstream CMOS semiconductor processes.
Symmetry, molecular weight and crystallographic data for sweet potato β-amylase☆

Abstract Sweet potato β-amylase has been crystallized in the tetragonal space group P 4 1 22 (or enantiomorph) with unit cell dimensions a = b = 210.7 A , c = 157.0 A . A new method has been developed by which accurate molecular weight values can be obtained from protein crystals grown from concentrated salt solutions. The method also gives the hydration of the protein in the crystal. Using this new technique the molecular weight of β-amylase was found to be 206,000 ± 10,000. The enzyme is tetrameric with molecular symmetry which includes, at least to low resolution, a diad axis
Family-Centered Maternity Units—Fact or Fiction?

The author describes discrepancies between nursing education and institutional practices in the area of family-centered maternity care, and questions current limitations in FCMC. The maternity nurse is urged to implement changes which will result in a rewarding childbirth experience in a medically safe environment.
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for hemoglobinopathies: Progress and prospects

Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation from an HLA-identical donor is currently the only means of curing thalassemia . Transplant outcome depends upon the presence of risk factors (hepatomegaly, portal fibrosis and poor quality of chelation). patients are defined to have class I - if no risk factor, class II with one or two and class III - if all three risk factors are present. For patients under 16 years of age, for class I, class II and III the probabilities of survival are approximately 95%, >80% and 60-70%, respectively. The risk of transplant related morbidity& mortality is low when transplant is done at an early age. Currently, busulfan, cyclophospahmide and antithymocyte globulin based combination is used for conditioning. More than 200 patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) have undergone allogeneic SCT with long term survival in >80% of patients. Results are better if donor is an HLA-identical sibling and if transplant is done early in the course of disease. Presently, experience with reduced intensity SCT and matched unrelated donor transplant is limited to recommend their routine use.
The globalization of US and Canadian neurology residency training Is it just about the money

Neurology is becoming increasingly global, including practice, research, and education. Indeed, more than one-third of attendees at the American Academy of Neurology (AAN) annual meeting come from abroad (personal communication, AAN, September 10, 2013), and in 2012, approximately 64% of all manuscripts submitted to Neurology® came from outside the United States (personal communication, Kathy Pieper, September 9, 2013). There is a growing interest in global health electives by US and Canadian medical students and residents, who are increasingly seeking opportunities for international electives. In this issue of Neurology , Lyons et al.1 report the results of a survey to assess opportunities for global health electives in neurology residency training programs conducted by the AAN Graduate Education Subcommittee and the Member Research Subcommittee. They found that such electives are few, occurring in just over half of the responding programs; lack of funding appears to be the major obstacle in setting up such electives. Although only 61% of neurology program directors completed the survey, which may have skewed the results, 3 major themes emerged from the comments posed by the survey respondents.
A new beam steering concept: Risley gratings

ABSTRACT We introduce a new beam steering concept of the Risley grating that consists of independently rotating inlinepolarizationgratings(PGs). TheRisleygratingconceptreplacesthebulkyprismaticelementsoftheRisleyprismswith thin plates containing polarization gratings, and employs their highly polarization-sensitive diraction. Asrotating two PGs, the output beam tracks within a eld-of-regard (FOR), which is determined by the gratingperiod and their relative orientations. Since PGs are typically patterned in thin liquid crystal layers (a few µ mthick), the system can be implemented with far less thickness and weight. In addition, these thin gratings canbe placed with virtually zero proximity and the beam walk-o becomes negligible. We demonstrate the Risleygrating that performs continuous steering with 62 FOR and 89-92% transmittance at 1550 nm wavelength. Thegoverning equations for the steering angles of the Risley grating in the direction cosine space are also presented.Keywords: Beam Steering, Polarization Grating, Risley Prism, Diraction
Prevention of postpartum episodes in women with bipolar disorder.

Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of divalproex (VLP) to prevent episode recurrence in postpartum women with bipolar disorder. Methods The design was a single-blind, nonrandomized clinical trial. Subjects were enrolled during pregnancy and chose either VLP plus symptom monitoring or monitoring without medication for immediate postpartum management. Mania and depression symptoms were assessed weekly for 20 weeks by an independent evaluator. Results Data were available for 26 women. There were no significant differences between groups in the proportions of women who developed postpartum hypomania/mania, depression, or mixed states. The time to development of episodes also did not vary between groups. Women who were treated with VLP tended to have lower levels of hypomanic/manic symptoms. Conclusions Divalproex was not significantly more effective than monitoring without drug for the prevention of postpartum episodes of bipolar disorder. The most prudent pharmacologic plan is to use the drug(s) to which the individual woman has responded and prepare a plan for rapid augmentation if a breakthrough episode occurs.
Cellular plasmid content and cloned‐gene expression: Some useful equations

Cellular plasmid content determines the yield of closed-gene product, affects plasmid replication, and influences the behavior of the culture by dictating the extent of metabolic burden on the host cell and plasmid segregation at cell division. Hence, it is a variable of primary importance in the study of recombinant cell cultures. In this article, equations are developed to enable the conversion of experimental determinations of cellular plasmid content into theoretically important units. The importance of different units in characterizing plasmid effect on cell response is highlighted. Also, equations that relate cellular plasmid content to cloned-gene expression are developed and successfully tested on several sets of data from literature.
Enhancement of Agrobacterium tumefaciens Infectivity by Chlorpromazine Hydrochloride.

The tumor-initiating ability of Agrobacterium tumefaciens was enhanced two- to threefold after a preinoculation exposure to the phenothiazine derivative chlorpromazine hydrochloride. The mean number of tumors initiated per viable bacterium on pinto bean leaves was greatest after a 1-hr exposure to 15 μg of the drug per ml. Chlorpromazine had no significant effect on tumor initiation when applied to previously inoculated leaves. Chlorpromazine at 10 μg/ml was bacteriostatic; concentrations of 20 μg/ml and higher were bactericidal. In contrast to mitomycin C, which also enhances A. tumefaciens infectivity, chlorpromazine failed to induce temperate phage in several lysogenic strains of A. tumefaciens. Replication of a virulent A. tumefaciens phage, however, was not inhibited by the presence of chlorpromazine.
Generalized vertex operator algebras and their modules

Now that we have constructed some families of structures based on vertex operators satisfying a certain generalized Jacobi identity, we axiomatize crucial features of these structures in the notion of “generalized vertex operator algebra.” We begin with our definition of this notion, and then we give some basic elementary properties and related definitions. We identify the precise sense in which the notion of (ordinary) vertex operator algebra, in the sense of [FLM3] and [FHL], is a special case. Then we formulate a theorem which clarifies the sense in which the structures developed in the earlier chapters give examples of generalized vertex operator algebras. After this, we carry out the analogous discussion for modules for generalized vertex operator algebras, giving our definition of the notion, followed by a discussion of related concepts and a theorem asserting that certain structures constructed earlier are examples of modules. We also explain reasonable generalizations of the notion of module. Certain of these generalizations — those based on a G-set S — will be very useful in later chapters. Finally, we discuss the special case of “vertex operator superalgebra.”
Gastric acid secretion in aquaporin-4 knockout mice.

The aquaporin-4 (AQP4) water channel has been proposed to play a role in gastric acid secretion. Immunocytochemistry using anti-AQP4 antibodies showed strong AQP4 protein expression at the basolate...
Stable Isotopes as Tracers of Anthropogenic Nitrogen Sources, Deposition, and Impacts

The global nitrogen cycle has been perturbed by human activities, including agriculture, land-use change, and fossil fuel burning. This perturbation ranges from the local to global scale, as anthropogenic reactive nitrogen can be transported over long distances in the atmosphere, in groundwater, and in stream networks and can even impact the open ocean. Stable isotope signatures characteristic of reactive nitrogen can be used to trace its deposition in the present day, as well as in the past. Here we focus on the use of stable isotopes to trace the sources, transport, and impacts of anthropogenic nitrogen in the modern nitrogen cycle.
Reconfigurable front-end antennas for cognitive radio applications

This study presents new antenna schemes suitable for cognitive radio communications. The antenna structures consist of a ultra wide band (UWB) sensing antenna, and a frequency reconfigurable communicating antenna both incorporated into the same substrate. Two different techniques to achieve the required frequency agility are proposed. The first one is based on a rotational motion of the radiating patch whereas the second is based on optical switching. The importance of these techniques is that no bias lines are needed as is seen in the case of RF MEMs, PIN diodes and lumped elements. Prototype antennas were fabricated and a good agreement was observed between the simulated and the measured data.
Rapid Immune Responses to a Botulinum Neurotoxin Hc Subunit Vaccine through In Vivo Targeting to Antigen-Presenting Cells

The clostridial botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are the most potent protein toxins known. The carboxyl-terminal fragment of the toxin heavy chain (Hc) has been intensively investigated as a BoNT vaccine immunogen. We sought to determine whether targeting Hc to antigen-presenting cells (APCs) could accelerate the immune responses to vaccination with BoNT serotype A (BoNT/A) Hc. To test this hypothesis, we targeted Hc to the Fc receptors for IgG (FcγRs) expressed by dendritic cells (DCs) and other APCs. Hc was expressed as a fusion protein with a recombinant ligand for human FcγRs (R4) to produce HcR4 or a similar ligand for murine FcγRs to produce HcmR4. HcR4, HcmR4, and Hc were produced as secreted proteins using baculovirus-mediated expression in SF9 insect cells. In vitro receptor binding assays showed that HcR4 effectively targets Hc to all classes of FcγRs. APCs loaded with HcR4 or HcmR4 are substantially more effective at stimulating Hc-reactive T cells than APCs loaded with nontargeted Hc. Mice immunized with a single dose of HcmR4 or HcR4 had earlier and markedly higher Hc-reactive antibody titers than mice immunized with nontargeted Hc. These results extend to BoNT neutralizing antibody titers, which are substantially higher in mice immunized with HcmR4 than in mice immunized with Hc. Our results demonstrate that targeting Hc to FcγRs augments the pace and magnitude of immune responses to Hc.
Pseudokarst Caves in the Littoral Environment

Rocky coastal regions can host caves produced by karst (dissolutional) processes, and caves produced by pseudokarst (non-dissolutional) processes. On limestone coasts, which are common world wide, both processes can be active and a complex interplay can result. Lava tubes, calcaerous tufa deposition, and reef growth all produce constructional caves, voids formed as the rock itself is formed. Only reef growth is an obligatory result of the marine coastal environment. Tafoni result from subaerial weathering of a variety of lithologies exposed on a cliff or steep slope, and can mimic other types of pseudokarst caves and karst caves. Talus and fissure caves result from failure of steep slopes and cliffs, themselves a result of coastal erosion which can quickly remove these pseudokarst cave types. Sea arches and sea caves are abundant on rocky coasts, as the interaction of wave dynamics and rock properties create a variety of erosional voids. Sea cave processes can overprint other cave types to produce a hybrid cave. Sea caves are likely the most common cave type in the world, but on limestone coasts, dissolutional mixing zone caves also form in great numbers, and are commonly overprinted to make abundant hybrid caves.
Approximate Evaluation of Detection Probabilities in Radar and Optical Communications

Cumulative probability distributions such as occur in radar detection problems are approximated by a new version of the saddlepoint method of evaluating the inverse Laplace transform of the moment-generating function. When the number of radar pulses integrated is large, the approximation of lowest order yields good accuracy in the tails of the distributions, yet requires much less computation than standard recursive methods. Greater accuracy can be achieved upon summing the residual series by converting it to a continued fraction. The method is applied to evaluating the error-function integral and the Mth-order Q function, and to approximating the inverse of the chi-squared distribution. Cumulative distributions of discrete random variables, needed for determining error probabilities in optical communication receivers that involve counting photoelectrons, can be approximated by a simple modification of the method, which is here applied to the Laguerre distribution.
ENTRUSTING THE LIFE THAT HAS EVOLVED: A RESPONSE TO MICHAEL RUSE'S RUSE

. This piece challenges Michael Ruse on three points: (1) The charge that Christian myth and doctrine are incredible fails to take into account the scholarship that has clarified the genre to which myth belongs and its function. (2) Naturalistic explanations, like Ruse's, have fully as much difficulty dealing with questions of purpose and evil as religion does. (3) The concept of “deception” has a number of inherent problems that Ruse fails to consider, of which the chief is that it requires a certainty about truth and falsity that Ruse cannot and does not claim to possess.
Conjugacy of Sylow 2-Subloops of the Chein Loops M 2n (G, 2)

In general, Sylow's Theorems do not hold for finite Moufang loops. It can be seen that if p is an odd prime then the Sylow p-subloops of the Chein loop M 2n (G, 2) are conjugate. Here we prove that it is also true that all the Sylow 2-subloops of M 2n (G, 2) are conjugate.
Database and location management schemes for mobile communications

Signaling traffic incurred in tracking mobile users and delivering enhanced services causes an additional load in the network. Efficient database and location management schemes are needed to meet the challenges from high density and mobility of users, and various service features. In this paper, the general location control and management function is treated as the combination of two parts, the global and local scope. New schemes and methods are proposed, and improvements achieved over established basic schemes are shown by using simulations.
THE ELEGIAC ADDICT: History, Chronicity, and the Melancholic Subject

In biomedical and public health discourses, “chronicity” has emerged as the prevailing model to understanding drug addiction and addictive experience. This approach is predicated on constructing and responding to addictive experience in ways that underscore its presumed lifelong nature. In this essay, I examine the phenomenon of heroin addiction and heroin overdose in northern New Mexico's Espanola Valley, which suffers the highest rate of heroin-induced death in the United States, and explore how the logic of chronicity is dangerously reworked through the Hispano ethos of endless suffering. Focusing on the narrative of Alma, a Hispana heroin addict who died of an overdose after many previous overdoses, I evoke a sense of the physical, historical, and institutional refrains in which she felt herself caught. By tracing Alma's death back to these refrains, I describe the complex of entanglements in which her addiction took form and show how the discourse of chronicity provided a structure for her suffering and, ultimately, her death.
Modulation of repulsive forces between neurofilaments by sidearm phosphorylation

Recent studies have advanced the notion that the axonal organization of neurofilaments (NFs) is based on mutual steric repulsion between the unstructured "sidearm" domains of adjacent NFs. Here, we present experimental evidence that these repulsive forces are modulated by the degree of sidearm phosphorylation. When NFs are sedimented into a gelatinous pellet, pellet volume falls with increasing ionic strength and enzymatic dephosphorylation; sedimentation of phosphorylated NFs in the presence of divalent cations also dramatically reduces pellet volume. Further, atomic force microscopy imaging of isolated mammalian NFs reveals robust exclusion of colloidal particles from the NF backbone that is reduced at high ionic strength and attenuated when the filaments are enzymatically dephosphorylated. Phosphate-phosphate repulsion on the NF sidearm appears to modulate NF excluded volume in a graded fashion, thereby controlling axonal NF organization through interfilament forces.