cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An application of divergence measurement using transformed video data

Abstract Multispectral aerial video data (0.42–0.43 μm, 0.52–0.55 μm, 0.64–0.67 μm, and 0.85–0.89 μm) with 0.13 meter resolution were collected over test plots of cotton, sorghum, cantaloupe, soil, pigweed, and johnson‐grass on May 31 and July 24, 1983 near Weslaco, Texas. These data were transformed into four principal component (PC) bands for each date and used to classify the six features. The classification accuracy of individual features and associated omission/commission errors were determined. Classification accuracy characteristics associated with different numbers of PC bands were analyzed using divergence measurements derived from class training statistics. Evaluation of PC transformed data divergence indicated that: (1) divergence identified the same number and type of PC bands needed for successful feature discrimination as was determined through classification, (2) correlations between omission/commission misclassification errors and divergence values averaged ‐0.92 for all classifications co...
High-temporal-resolution view of transcription and chromatin states across distinct metabolic states in budding yeast

Under continuous, glucose-limited conditions, budding yeast exhibit robust metabolic cycles associated with major oscillations of gene expression. How such fluctuations are linked to changes in chromatin status is not well understood. Here we examine the correlated genome-wide transcription and chromatin states across the yeast metabolic cycle at unprecedented temporal resolution, revealing a 'just-in-time supply chain' by which components from specific cellular processes such as ribosome biogenesis become available in a highly coordinated manner. We identify distinct chromatin and splicing patterns associated with different gene categories and determine the relative timing of chromatin modifications relative to maximal transcription. There is unexpected variation in the chromatin modification and expression relationship, with histone acetylation peaks occurring with varying timing and 'sharpness' relative to RNA expression both within and between cycle phases. Chromatin-modifier occupancy reveals subtly distinct spatial and temporal patterns compared to those of the modifications themselves.
Public Relations, Private Security: Managing Youth and Race at the Mall of America:

In this paper, I examine the weekend night curfew imposed on youth under 16 years of age at the Mall of America (MOA). The discussion is based on qualitative research including twenty-six weekend observations of the curfew enforcement, interviews with security of color subcontracted by mall management to enforce the curfew, and media analysis of public relations efforts concerning disturbances and lawsuits involving security guards and youth of color at the mall. I argue that MOA security measures are closely linked with public relations (PR) and that a central function of PR as a support for security is to veil the racial dynamics motivating management policies at the mall. Key illustrations of the PR–security links and aims are seen in the campaign to ‘sell’ the curfew, which displaced issues of racial and generational inequalities onto moralizing discourses of property, safety, and family values, and in the deployment of security of color to accomplish friendly exclusions and managed inclusions of youth.
The fate of aggression in maso-masochistic relationships

This paper examines an underexplored dimension of interpersonal relating: the relationship formed between two individuals who relate to each other in masochistic ways. The common assumption is that a sadist forms an alliance with a masochist, and that a balance is struck between an individual who is "one up" and another who is "one down." However, relationships are frequently established between two people who both experience themselves as chronically "one down," each playing victim to the other's aggression. This paper explores disavowed aggression in this type of couple, the implications of this disavowal for treatment, and the sadomasochistic reverberations within the therapist.
Mechanically Induced Free Radicals in Bone

THE electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra of non-irradiated human bone and its components have been previously reported1,2. We wish now to report results which have been obtained from human bone at X-band.
Augmenting Shewhart quality control and Delphi method for multi-person, multi-objective decision-making

Abstract The aim of this paper is to augment the Delphi method with Shewhart’s quality control technique to propose a systematic and flexible methodology for group decision making in the presence of multiple objectives. To illustrate the application of the proposed model, goal programming (GP) is used. GP is perhaps one of the most powerful and most widely used multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) techniques. However, major drawbacks of GP are the inherent subjectivity introduced into problem formulation by requiring the decision-maker to specify the objectives and the trade-off among them as well as a target level for each objective. The methodology proposed in this paper attempts to reduce/eliminate this subjectivity.
A Novel Digital Etch Technique for Deeply Scaled III-V MOSFETs

We demonstrate a new digital etch technique for controllably thinning III-V semiconductor heterostructures with sub-1-nm resolution. This is a two-step process consisting of low-power O2 plasma oxidation, followed by diluted H2SO4 rinse for selective oxide removal. This approach can etch a combination of InP, InGaAs, and InAlAs in a precise and nonselective manner. We have also developed a method to determine the etch rate per cycle, and to control the etch depth in actual device structures. For InP, the etch rate is ~0.9 nm/cycle. We illustrate the new process by fabricating Lg=60-nm self-aligned buried-channel InGaAs MOSFETs. These devices feature a composite gate dielectric consisting of 1-nm InP and 2-nm HfO2 for an overall sub-1-nm effective oxide thickness. A typical device shows a peak transconductance of 1.53 mS/μm(Vds=0.5 V), subthreshold swing of 89 mV/decade, and 102 mV/decade at Vds=0.05 and 0.5 V, respectively, and on current of 326 μA/μm at IOFF=100 nA/μm and Vdd=0.5 V.
Detection of Altered Collagen Fiber Alignment in the Cervical Facet Capsule After Whiplash-Like Joint Retraction

The cervical facet joint has been identified as the source of pain in patients with whiplash-associated disorders, but most clinical studies report no radiographic evidence of tissue injury in these disorders. The goal of this study was to utilize quantitative polarized light imaging to assess the potential for altered collagen fiber alignment in human cadaveric cervical facet capsule specimens (n = 8) during and after a joint retraction simulating whiplash exposure. Although no evidence of ligament damage was detected during whiplash-like retraction, mechanical and microstructural changes were identified after loading. Retraction produced significant decreases in ligament stiffness (p = 0.0186) and increases in laxity (p = 0.0065). In addition, image analysis indicated that 21.1 ± 17.1% of the capsule sustained principal strains that were unrecovered immediately after retraction. Altered collagen fiber alignment was detected in 32.7 ± 22.9% of the capsule after retraction. The capsule regions with unrecovered strain and altered fiber alignment after retraction were significantly co-localized with each other (p < 0.0001), suggesting the altered mechanical function may relate to a change in the tissue’s fiber organization. The identification of altered fiber alignment in this ligament following retraction without any tears implicates the whiplash kinematic as a potential cause of microstructural damage that is not detectable using standard clinical imaging techniques.
Acute myocardial infarction in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus.

Abstract Background Recent clinical and post-mortem reports suggests that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection may participate in the process of atherosclerosis independent of other coronary risk factors. In this prospective and observational study, we investigated whether an associative link exists between HIV infection and coronary artery disease. Methods Of 690 patients admitted to our hospital in a 3-year period, 29 patients (28 men and 1 woman) with a mean age of 46 ± 10 years had an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) on the basis of acute prolonged chest pain, ischemic electrocardiogram abnormalities, and elevated serum markers of myocardial necrosis at presentation. Results ST-segment elevation MI was present in 15 patients, and non-ST–segment elevation MI was present in 14 patients. Twenty-two patients (76%) were 55 years had 1 coronary risk factor, and 2 patients had 2 risk factors. Thirteen patients underwent a myocardial revascularization procedure, and 1 patient died during hospitalization. Conclusions HIV infection, as a cause of endothelial injury, may initiate the inflammatory process of early atherosclerosis and participate in the evolution of the atherothrombotic lesion responsible for AMI. This study suggests that the association of HIV infection and acute coronary syndrome may be more common than previously reported and underscores the need for further clinical studies.
Glymour on Deoccamization and the Epistemology of Geometry

Three lines of argument are employed to show that Glymour's position on the epistemology of geometry is probably not as strong theoretically as the position of the underdeterminists whom he attempts to refute. The first argument centers on Glymour's implicit use of a realist position on intertheoretic reference, similar to that employed by Boyd and other realists. Citations are made to various portions of Glymour's work, and the relationship between the imputed theory of reference and Glymour's position spelled out. The second line of argument refutes Glymour's contention that his criteria for choosing among theories are strongly based and not a priori, and a third line of argument rephrases Glymour's original position in a way which more clearly shows its implicit base and manifests as well the vagueness from which the formulation of the position suffers. It is concluded that a thorough examination of Glymour's deoccamization yields conclusions similar to those of the underdeterminists. In his article 'The Epistemology of Geometry', Clark Glymour [1977] argues against the underdeterminists. Although Glymour's argument is well fleshedout, it is essentially a realist argument and relies on realist notions of what is constitutive of useful criteria for the evaluation of a scientific theory for its impact. In this paper I shall argue that, although Glymour's position seems initially appealing, it does not go through because it assumes a problematic realist position with regard to intertheoretic reference of terms similar to that proposed by Richard Boyd and other theorists, a position which Glymour fails to state explicitly. In addition, I shall argue that there is no reason to assume that Glymour's strategy (the 'bootstrap strategy') relies on principles that are soundly backed. Finally, I shall conclude that when Glymour's position is more fully set out, it plays into the hands of the underdeterminists. * This paper is the result of work begun in a seminar on Philosophy of Science held at Rutgers University in the late 19 70's. Work was continued at the University of California, Santa Barbara under the generosity of Grant DOE (OSERS) G0083/0365 1. I would like to thank colleagues from both institutions, and I owe a special debt of gratitude to an anonymous reviewer for the journal. This content downloaded from 207.46.13.172 on Fri, 07 Oct 2016 06:10:24 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
Behavioural economics: A caring majority secures the future

An experiment studying people's willingness to sacrifice personal gains so that resources are passed to future generations shows that this occurs only when extractions by free-riders are curbed by majority rule. See Letter p.220 Cooperation is often seen in experimental economic games because actions can be reciprocated. But this trait is of no help in one of the most important types of cooperation: cooperation with future generations who cannot reciprocate if we refrain from overexploiting their resources. To test the conditions under which cooperation with the future can occur, Oliver Hauser et al. developed a laboratory model of cooperation — the Intergenerational Goods Game (IGG) — that differs from previous games in which selfishness creates social efficiency losses for group members. Instead, selfishness negatively impacts subsequent groups. Experiments involving more than 2,000 subjects demonstrate that when decisions on resource extraction are made individually, the resource is rapidly depleted by defectors. But when participants are forced to vote on how the resource should be exploited, it is exploited sustainably across generations. Voting works for two reasons. It allows a majority of cooperators to constrain a minority of defectors, and as all players receive the same amount after a vote, cooperators need not worry about losing out relative to others.
In Situ EXAFS Analysis of the Temperature-Programmed Reduction of Cu-ZSM-5

High resolution in situ EXAFS during temperature-programmed reduction was performed on Cu-ZSM-5 to elucidate the state of copper under reaction conditions. Improvements in hardware and software all...
Plant responses induced by herbivores.

Physiological and chemical traits of many plant species change in response to real or simulated herbivory. These changes often have significant impacts on behavior, growth, survivorship, feeding and oviposition of insects. However, evidence that plants gain direct or indirect protection from insect enemies thereby is equivocal at present. Evidence is lacking for an impact of induced defenses on insect population dynamics, but few studies have sought it. More detailed studies of plant physiology, biochemistry, genetics and net benefit to individual plants are needed to identify the adaptive significance of induced defenses.
The Acquisition of the English Plural Morpheme by Native Mandarin Chinese-Speaking Children

Although the acquisition of the English plural morpheme by monolingual English-speaking children (L1 learners) has been studied extensively, little is known about the processes through which native...
Establishment of the NIST Flashing-Light Photometric Unit

There is a need for accurate measurement of flashing lights for the proper maintenance of aircraft anticollision lights. A large variation in the measured intensities of anticollision lights has been a problem, and thus, NIST has undertaken the task to establish flashing-light photometric standards to provide calibration services in this area. A flashing-light photometric unit [lux second, (lx (DOT) s)] has been realized based on the NIST detector-based candela, using four standard photometers equipped with current integrators. Two different approaches have been taken to calibrate these standard photometers: one based on electrical calibration of the current integrator, and the other based on electronic pulsing of a steady-state photometric standard. The units realized using these two independent methods agreed to within 0.2%. The relative expanded uncertainty (k equals 2) of the standard photometers, in the measurement of the white xenon flash, is estimated to be 0.6%. The standard photometers are characterized for temporal response, linearity, and spectral responsivity, to be used for measurement of xenon flash sources of various waveforms and colors. Calibration services have been established at NIST for flashing-light photometers with white and red anticollision lights.
Comparison of two extraction methods for the analysis of petroleum hydrocarbon residues in mallard duck eggs by GC and GC-MS

Abstract Hydrocarbon residues in pooled eggs from a mallard duck on a diet of 25,000 ppm South Louisiana crude oil were compared after cleanup with and without saponification. The saponification procedure yielded superior reproducibility and extraction efficiency.
An Optical Filter for Underwater Laser Communications

A free space laser communications system operating underwater in the blue-green portion of the electromagnetic spectrum requires a narrow bandwidth, high throughput filter to transmit the laser light and block unwanted background light.
Inactivation of bacterial spores by a microwave discharge

Abstract The inactivation of bacterial spores suspended in air flowing through a microwave plasma reactor has been found to be nearly complete for single naked spore aerosols but less effective for heterogeneous aerosols of spore aggregates. This preliminary study demonstrates the viability of using ionized gases for decontamination.
Ultrastructural and thermocouple evaluation of rapid freezing techniques

Abstract The quality of freeze-fixation for electron microscopy is dependent upon the size of intracellular ice crystals. In the absence of cryoprotectants, ice crystal growth is thought to be related to the speed with which the specimen is cooled. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the cooling rate and ultrastructural preservation in commonly used freezing techniques. The techniques studied included immersion in stirred and unstirred forms of five quenching fluids: liquid nitrogen, isopentane, Freon 12, Freon 22, and propane. Also studied were freezing in a flowing stream of coolant using liquid nitrogen and liquid helium and freezing on a metal surface using cooper and mercury chilled to liquid nitrogen temperature. For each technique a cooling curve was obtained with a 0.360-mm thermocouple which was dropped into the quenching fluids or brought into contact with the metal surfaces. From oscilloscope tracings, the cooling rates were determined in degrees centigrade per second to −100 °C. To evaluate ultrastructural preservation 0.5-mm-thick slices of rat kidney were frozen by each of the techniques and dried in an all glass freeze-drier. The final evaluation was made from electron micrographs of the best morphological preservation yielded by each technique. The results indicate that the copper and mercury surfaces and propane gave the highest cooling rates and the best morphological preservation. The other techniques cooled at decreasing rates and correspondingly showed decreasing abilities to preserve ultrastructure. This work demonstrates that the preservation of cellular ultrastructure by freezing is dependent upon the cooling rate and that as the cooling rate is increased, ultrastructural preservation is enhanced.
Homeostasis and nutrient limitation of benthic autotrophs in natural chemostats

To explore how gradients in nutrient availability influence the stoichiometry of freshwater autotrophs, we sampled algal and submerged vascular plant tissues, as well as water for C : N : P ratios in 41 of north Florida’s spring-fed rivers, which are ideal natural laboratories because of unparalleled temporal stability in chemistry, temperature, and flow. Water chemistry across springs spanned a molar inorganic N : P gradient from 0.6 to 89.4, while repeated measurements within springs suggest low variation (coefficient of variation [CV] , 20%) over interannual timescales. We observed significant interspecific differences in stoichiometry suggesting different nutrient requirements, but there was negligible evidence that variation in nutrient supply influenced taxa presence or absence. Most importantly, we observed no plasticity in tissue stoichiometry for any taxa; homeostatic regulation coefficients (H) ranged from 4.8 to undefined (slope of log-resource vs. log-tissue ratios # 0), suggesting strict homeostasis in this setting. To explore the paradox of plasticity in chemostat experiments vs. homeostasis in these natural chemostats, we adapted the Droop model to better represent benthic systems (i.e., where hydraulic and biomass turnover rates can be different) and to allow light limitation. Model results suggest increasing hydraulic turnover induces homeostasis and releases autotrophs from growth limitation by nutrients (i.e., inducing light limitation) over a large range of nutrient concentrations and element ratios, suggesting the resource supply rate in comparison with ecosystem demand, not concentration or element ratios, is the primary determinant of nutrient limitation, and thus a dominant control on autotroph stoichiometry. Our results suggest deviation between observed and taxa-specific optimal stoichiometry may diagnose nutrient limitation.
Theory and Practice of Wildland Fuels Management

Fuel treatments have become an indispensable tool for managing fire in North American wildland ecosystems. Historical perspective and extant practices provide insights into current theory and areas of future emphasis. Managers have better understanding of treatment practices as researchers have provided clearer understanding of fire behavior in treated vs. untreated areas and enhanced wisdom about ecological effects in a variety of fire regimes. Even so, recent breakthroughs in the theory and practice of fuels management have been limited, and significant knowledge gaps remain, particularly fuel and treatment quantification. In general, the theory behind fuel treatments has lagged actual practice as implementation has preceded scientific understanding. Until the late twentieth century, fuel hazard reduction was considered incidental to forest management activities such as timber harvesting (exception: southern California and other shrubland ecosystems). Fuel treatment usage has expanded in response to devastating wildfires despite limited insights regarding effectiveness. Extant procedures for analyzing treatment efficacy (i.e., computer modeling, retrospective analyses of wildfires encountering treated areas, and experimentation) likewise suffer from analytical shortcomings. Fundamental questions related to efficacy remain, especially linkage to treatment objectives as affected by fire behavior, treatment intensity, and values at risk. Future research needs include a generalized, cohesive theory on the role of fuels in combustion dynamics, and improved effectiveness metrics at project and landscape scales.
A progressive view materialization algorithm

A data warehouse stores materialized views of aggregate data derived from a fact table in order to minimize the query response time. One of the most important decisions in designing the data warehouse is the selection of materialized views. This paper presents an algorithm which provides appropriate views to be materialized while the goal is to minimize the query response time and maintenance cost. We use a data cube lattice, frequency of queries and updates on views, and view size to select views to be materialized using greedy algorithms. In spite of the simplicity, our algorithm selects views which give us better performance than views that selected by existing algorithms.
CFD-BASED ANALYSIS OF NONLINEAR AEROELASTIC BEHAVIOR OF HIGH-ASPECT RATIO WINGS

A nonlinear aerodynamic methodology has been loosely coupled to a geometrically exact beam structural analysis to study the static aeroelastic behavior of a high-aspect-ratio wing. The aim of the present effort was to investigate the effects of adding aerodynamic nonlinearity on the elastic behavior, in particular identifying the areas of nonlinearities and their importance. Care was taken to evaluate the Euler solver and the transfer of data between the aerodynamic and structural modules to identify sources of numerical error that may contribute to incorrect modeling of large deflections. It was found that sensitivities near the wing tip and leading edge required additional attention when clustering the computational aerodynamic grid near the surface. Further, the transfer of loads from the Euler code to the structural code requires that the nonlinear drop of forces and moments be modeled as exactly as possible. Otherwise errors in the predicted geometric deformations of up to 10% can occur. These are exacerbated for cases with large deflections and twist. For loosely coupled static aeroelastic simulations, the nonlinear aerodynamic predictions provided by the solution of the Euler equations are lower than the predictions of the vortex panel code. This results in lower predicted bending and twist by the higher-order aerodynamic code, indicating that the divergence and possibly flutter speeds predicted by lower-order aerodynamics may be overly conservative.
Pulmonary limits of oxygen tolerance in man.

As part of a comprehensive study of specific organ oxygen tolerance [1-4], oxygen effects on pulmonary function were measured in normal, resting men who breathed oxygen continuously at 3.0, 2.5, 2....
17,20-Lyase: analysis of the cytochrome P-450 binding site using multiple inhibitors.

Abstract The activity of 17,20-lyase of rat testis microsomes is measured using 17α-hydroxyprogesterone as substrate. Both metyrapone and 20α-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one and the 20β-epimer are competitive inhibitors with regard to steroid substrate. Current evidence supports the involvement of cytochrome P-450 in this enzyme activity. The steroid substrate, steroid inhibitors and metyrapone bind to this cytochrome. An analysis of the cytochrome binding of inhibitors was carried out by simultaneous addition of two inhibitors. It was found that when the two steroid inhibitors were added that binding was mutually exclusive and no complex of enzyme-I 1 -I 2 was formed. In contrast, a tertiary complex of enzyme-metyrapone-steroid inhibitor was formed although the binding of these structurally dissimilar inhibitors was antagonistic.
Nonlinear estimation for interferometric imaging

We conduct a comparative study between two types of imaging systems for distant point sources. One is a conventional focal plane system and the other, a multiplex system based on a rotational shearing interferometer (RSI). The RSI produces linear fringes in response to each object point source, which offers functional advantages over the conventional system. A nonlinear algorithm is developed for estimating fringe parameters in an RSI that performs better than traditional Fourier methods; while an existing nonlinear algorithm is modified for use with the conventional imager. Intensity and position estimation performance of the two imaging systems is characterized using both traditional as well as nonlinear estimation in the presence of noise. In additive white gaussian noise dominated imaging, we find that the RSI is always inferior to the conventional imager by a factor that is approximately the square root of the number of detectors. However, the two imaging systems are comparable in the shot-noise limit. Simulated performances for a single monochromatic source are reported for the shot-noise limited case. The super-resolution ability of the nonlinear algorithms is studied with two monochromatic sources at various separations. The nonlinear estimator is also applied to polychromatic point sources and the simultaneous estimation of spatial and spectral data for the RSI is demonstrated.
Electrically Generated Silver Ions: Quantitative Effects on Bacterial and Mammalian Cells

The inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations of electrically generated silver ions were 10 to 100 times lower than for silver sulfadiazine. Effects on normal mammalian cells were minimal.
Teaching socially intelligent computing principles in introductory computer science courses

The concept of artificial intelligence has long captured the imagination of popular culture, perhaps even inspiring some to pursue formal study in computer science. There is a growing interest in an offshoot of the basic idea of machine intelligence called "socially intelligent computing," which is not focused on independent machine intelligence, but on how systems that involve machines and people through different forms of interactions create new types of intelligent systems. Today's entering college freshman are often already experienced with collaborative technologies and social computing systems, so it makes sense to consider introducing topics on socially intelligent computing in introductory computer science courses. This is because there is a clear connection between social computing and socially intelligent computing, and these topics might also provide some students with a new incentive to consider pursuing formal study in computer science. In this paper, a framework is presented for teaching socially intelligent computing principles at the level of an introductory Computer Science course.
Robustness of Acoustic Analogies for Predicting Mixing-Layer Noise

Acoustic analogies for the prediction of flow noise are exact rearrangements of the flow equations N(q) = 0 into a nominal sound source S(q) and sound propagation operator C such that L q = S(q). In practice, the sound source is typically modeled and the propagation operator inverted to make predictions. Because the rearrangement is exact, any sufficiently accurate model of the source will yield the correct sound, and so other factors must determine the merits of any particular formulation. Using data from a two-dimensional mixing-layer direct numerical simulation, we evaluate the robustness of several formulations to different errors intentionally introduced into the source. The motivation is that because S cannot be perfectly modeled, analogies that are less sensitive to errors in S are preferable. Our assessment is made within the framework of Goldstein's generalized acoustic analogy. A uniform base flow yields a Lighthill-like analogy, which we evaluate against a formulation in which the base flow is the actual mean flow of the direct numerical simulation and also against a globally parallel base flow that gives a Lilley-like analogy. The more complex mean-flow formulations are found to be significantly more robust to errors in the energetic turbulent fluctuations, but the advantage is less clear when errors are introduced at smaller scales.
Particle Segregation in Collisional Shearing Flows

We first indicate the place that collision flows have in the phenomena of particle segregation. Then we outline the development of a kinetic theory for particle segregation in a collisional shearing flow of a binary mixture of nearly elastic spheres. Finally, we indicate a means of testing the predictions of the theory against the results of computer simulation using only local values of data measured in the simulation.
Energetics and dynamics of resonant and nonresonant scattering in strong magnetic fields

The energetics and the dynamics resulting from electron-photon resonant and nonresonant scattering in a plasma with magnetic field about 10 to the 12th G are studied in detail. Precise analytic results are obtained in the optically thin limit, and numerical results are presented for the optically thick case. For the latter, it is found that when the equilibrium temperature T(C) is determined by the cooling/heating balance due solely to cyclotron resonant scattering, the ratio of T(C) to the superstrong field B remains fairly constant for N(e) up to about 6 x 10 to the 21st electrons/sq cm. This line-dominated region comes to an end when the extra heating from the hard continuum photons becomes competitive with the line processes and drives T(C) well above the pure line value. For parameters characteristic of GB 880205, the thickness of the line-dominated region is determined to be between 10 to the 21st and 10 to the 22nd electrons/sq cm.
Transient Central Diabetes Insipidus Induced by Ketamine Infusion

Objective: Report a case of central diabetes insipidus (DI) associated with ketamine infusion. Case Summary: A 2-year-old girl with long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency and stable hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was admitted to the pediatric intensive care with pneumonia. She subsequently developed respiratory failure and required intubation. Continuous ketamine infusion was used for the sedation and facilitation of mechanical ventilation. Shortly after infusion of ketamine, the patient developed DI and responded appropriately to vasopressin. Discussion: The Naranjo adverse drug reaction probability scale indicated a probable relationship between the development of central DI and ketamine. The most likely mechanism involves ketamine’s antagonist action on N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors, resulting in inhibition of glutamate-stimulated arginine vasopressin release from the neurohypophysis. Conclusion: This is the second case report of ketamine-induced central DI and the only report in children....
Journal Reprints as Dissemination of Psychological Research: Courtesy, Obligation, or Obsolescence?

Abstract The proliferation of journals and the escalation of journal prices have made it difficult for psychologists, especially those in rural areas without access to comprehensive libraries, to obtain journal articles. A traditional source of otherwise unavailable papers is to request a reprint directly from the author. Although previous researchers found this method to be 60%-80% successful, there have been major changes in journal operations and alternative media since this research was conducted. In the present study, reprints were requested from 473 corresponding authors from 10 American Psychological Association journals. The compliance rate was 84% and reprints took, on average, 32 days to arrive. There was no difference in the rate or in the speed of response due to the requestor's status as an academic or applied psychologist. Although functional, the traditional reprint request method was slow, uncertain, and costly. It is suggested that a demand still exists for reprints, but that electronic r...
Investigation of resistive vee antennas for a multi-static ground-penetrating radar

A resistive vee antenna (RVA) is a vee shape configuration of resistively loaded arms. A refined version of the RVA has been designed and implemented for use as an antenna in GPR systems, and its performance has been demonstrated in previous work (Kangwook Kim and Scott, W.R., Jr, 2004; Scott et al., 2004). We further improve the implementation of the RVA and demonstrate its use as an antenna in a multi-static GPR system, which is developed to study potential multi-static inversion algorithms.
Lysostaphin-Induced, Osmotically Fragile Staphylococcus aureus Cells

Staphylococcus aureus FDA 209P cells when suspended in 24% (w/v) NaCl were rendered osmotically fragile by exposure to lysostaphin for time intervals ranging from 2 to 60 min. Such cells were analyzed chemically and serologically for evidence of residual cell wall material, were plated in hypertonic sucrose medium to determine revertibility to normal, and were subjected to manometric studies to determine metabolic capabilities. Most of the cells (95%) which were exposed to lysostaphin (0.5 or 1.0 unit/ml) for 2 min, although osmotically fragile, retained their cell wall hexosamine and were capable of reverting to osmotically normal cells when plated in hypertonic medium. Cells exposed to lysostaphin for 5 and 10 min also retained much of their cell wall hexosamine, but lost their ability to revert to normal staphylococci. Cells exposed to lysostaphin for 2 to 10 min continued to react with staphylococcus anti-k antiserum. Complete removal of cell wall hexosamine was attained only after exposure to lysostaphin for 20 min or more; these cells failed to react with k antiserum. Lysostaphin-induced L-type colonies were extremely rare in our experiments, even if incubation times and media were optimal for their detection. Lysostaphin-induced staphylococcal protoplasts were as active metabolically in manometric studies as were untreated staphylococci.
The Adverse Consequences of the Politics of Agency Design for Presidential Management in the United States: The Relative Durability of Insulated Agencies

The US Congress has often sought to limit presidential influence over certain public policies by designing agencies that are insulated from presidential control. Whether or not insulated agencies persist over time has important consequences for presidential management. If those agencies that persist over time are also those that are the most immune from presidential direction, this has potentially fatal consequences for the president's ability to manage the executive branch. Modern presidents will preside over a less and less manageable bureaucracy over time. This article explains why agencies insulated from presidential control are more durable than other agencies and shows that they have a significantly higher expected duration than other agencies. The conclusion is that modern American presidents preside over a bureaucracy that is increasingly insulated from their control.
New extensions of the 3-simplex for exterior orientation

Object pose may be determined from a set of 2D image points and corresponding 3D model points, given the camerapsilas intrinsic parameters. In this paper, two new exterior orientation algorithms are proposed and then compared against the Efficient PnP method and orthogonal iteration algorithm. As an alternative to the homogeneous transformation, both algorithms utilize the 3-simplex as a pose parameterization. One algorithm uses a semidefinite program and the other a Gauss-Newton algorithm.
A maze routing method of combined unity and infinity expansion distances

A method for maze routing problems which combines unity and infinity distances into the wavefront expansion phase of a generic Lee's algorithm is described. A unity distance wavefront is maintained at each step of the expansion to guarantee finding minimum-length paths, while an infinity distance labeling scheme is adapted to ensure that the labels can be used to determine a minimum-corner path among them. Since the originally proposed three sequential expansions are replaced by a single one, the routing time is significantly improved. >
Characteristics of the Absorptive Surface of the Small Intestine of the Chicken from 1 Day to 14 Weeks of Age

Abstract The epithelial surface of the intestine of chicks 1 day to 14 weeks of age was examined with both scanning and transmission electron microscopes. Most of the intestinal villi were seen to be plate-like structures. During the first week post-hatch, goblet cell orifices were easily seen. Goblet cell pores were not readily apparent in the older birds. During this stage of early development discontinuity was seen among some epithelial cells. The villi of birds one week or older showed a more convoluted mucosal surface than the younger birds. Areas of cell extrusion were observed at the tips of some villi. The three dimensional cylindrical structure of the microvilli was shown with the scanning electron microscope.
APPLICATION OF MATING TYPE GENE TECHNOLOGY TO PROBLEMS IN FUNGAL BIOLOGY

▪ Abstract In ascomycetes, the single mating type locus (MAT) controls sexual development. This locus is structurally unusual because the two alternate forms (“alleles”) are completely dissimilar sequences, encoding different transcription factors, yet they occupy the same chromosomal position. Recently developed procedures allow efficient cloning of MAT genes from a wide array of filamentous ascomycetes, thereby providing MAT-based technology for application to several ongoing issues in fungal biology. This article first outlines the basic nature of MAT genes, then addresses the following topics: efficient cloning of MAT genes; the unusual molecular characteristics of these genes; phylogenetics using MAT; the issues of why some fungi are self-sterile, others self-fertile, and yet others asexual; the long-standing mystery of possible mating type switching in filamentous fungi; and finally the evolutionary origins of pathogenic capability.
Digital background subtraction for fluorescence imaging

A method of enhancing contrast in fluorescenceimaging has been devised, based on real‐time digital subtraction of a background video image from a signal‐plus‐background video image. Color filters are used to differentiate signal from background. The technique has been applied to detection of small tumors labeled with the tumor specific fluorescent drug hematoporphyrin derivative.
The Effects of Size-Selective Feeding by Oligochaetes on the Physical Properties of River Sediments

ABSTRACT Tubificid oligochaetes selectively ingest silt- to clay-sized particles at depth within the substratum, transport them vertically upward through their gut, and deposit them as feces at the sediment-water interface. These activities form three distinct sedimentary layers. The sediment-water interface becomes covered with sand-sized fecal pellets. A silt-clay layer forms directly below this. The third layer is a sandy concentrate that represents the zone of tubificid feeding. The upper, pelletized layer is enriched in water content and organic carbon. The high water content of this layer, its irregular surface, and the low density of the constituent pellets destabilize the sediment surface and increase its erodability. In addition, the coarse-to-fine layered structure of the deposits fo ms distinctive biogenic graded bedding that is a potentially useful indicator of low current velocities and low rates of inorganic sediment accumulation in ancient fluvial environments.
Determinants of the prognosis after a first myocardial infarction in a migrant Japanese population. The Honolulu Heart Program.

BACKGROUNDAlthough numerous studies have been published on the prognostic assessment of myocardial infarction, little is known about determinants of the prognosis after a first myocardial infarction, especially regarding the role of standard risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD) measured before the development of myocardial infarction.METHODS AND RESULTSIn a prospective study of CHD among men of Japanese ancestry living in Hawaii, 457 patients with a first myocardial infarction (age range, 46 to 84 years) were identified during 20 years of follow-up. The relations of clinical variables and CHD risk factors to mortality in early (< 30 days) and two stages of late (30 days to 5 years and 5 to 10 years) periods after myocardial infarction in these patients were investigated. In multivariate analyses using logistic regression models (for early mortality) and Cox regression models (for late mortality), age at myocardial infarction and severe complications (Killip classes 3 and 4) were independent predi...
Dual mode efficiency enhanced linear power amplifiers using a new balanced structure

This paper presents a new balanced architecture to improve the power added efficiency (PAE) of a 3G handset power amplifier without trading-off its stringent linearity requirement. It is modified from the structure of our Switched Load Insensitive Power Amplifier (LIPA®). Power amplifiers using this modified balanced structure retain the main features of the LIPA and provide boosted PAE performance in low and high power mode. The novel balanced structure is implemented into 4×4mm 2 power amplifier modules at both CELL and UMTS bands. For the UMTS band at +28dBm in high mode, 44.5% PAE is achieved, while in low mode at +16dBm, 21% PAE is achieved with an ACLR1 of −38dBc using WCDMA modulation. For CELL band at +28dBm in high mode, 43.5% PAE is achieved, while in low mode, 21% PAE is achieved at +16dBm with an ACLR1 of nearly −39dBc. Both PAs maintain good performance under load mismatch conditions due to the nature of the balanced structure.
Literacy-related school readiness skills of English language learners in Head Start: An analysis of the school readiness survey

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of Head Start on early literacy skills relevant to school readiness of English language learners compared to their peers. The comparisons of literacy outcomes were conducted between English language learners and non-English language learners when both groups participated and were not in Head Start. A total of 47 covariates were involved in propensity score analysis, and average treatment effects for the treated individuals were used to estimate the literacy outcome differences from the comparisons. The results indicated that early literacy outcomes of English language learners and non-English language learners were significantly different in recognizing alphabetic letters and rhyming words regardless of whether or not both English language learners and non-English language learners attend in Head Start. Being in Head Start did not contribute to reducing the gap between English language learners and non-English language learners. Finally, the limitations ...
Mild DOCA-salt hypertension: sympathetic system and role of renal nerves

Excess sympathetic nervous system activity (SNA) is linked to human essential and experimental hypertension. To test whether sympathetic activation is associated with a model of deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertension featuring two kidneys and a moderate elevation of blood pressure, we measured whole body norepinephrine (NE) spillover as an index of global SNA. Studies were conducted in chronically catheterized male Sprague-Dawley rats drinking water containing 1% NaCl and 0.2% KCl. After a 7-day surgical recovery and a 3-day control period, a DOCA pellet (50 mg/kg) was implanted subcutaneously in one group of rats (DOCA), while the other group underwent sham implantation (Sham). NE spillover was measured on control day 2 and days 7 and 14 after DOCA administration or sham implantation. During the control period, mean arterial pressure (MAP) was similar in Sham and DOCA rats. MAP was significantly increased in the DOCA group compared with the Sham group after DOCA administration (day 14: Sham = 109 ± 5.3, DOCA = 128 ± 3.6 mmHg). However, plasma NE concentration, clearance, and spillover were not different in the two groups at any time. To determine whether selective sympathetic activation to the kidneys contributes to hypertension development, additional studies were performed in renal denervated (RDX) and sham-denervated (Sham-DX) rats. MAP, measured by radiotelemetry, was similar in both groups during the control and DOCA treatment periods. In conclusion, global SNA is not increased during the development of mild DOCA-salt hypertension, and fully intact renal nerves are not essential for hypertension development in this model.
Science and Engineering on Petascale Computers

The guest editor argues that we can't just construct the fastest possible machines; we must build comprehensive programs around those machines. The four articles in this issue provide the reader with a sense of the current state of petascale computing, its opportunities and challenges, and its implications.
Evaluation of copper chelation agents as anti-angiogenic therapy.

Abstract The design, synthesis and evaluation of N,N′,N′′-tris(2-pyridylmethyl)-cis,cis-1,3,5,-triaminocyclohexane (tachpyr, 1) derivatives as novel anti-angiogenic agents were performed in an in vitro endothelial cell proliferation assay to assess their cytotoxicity and selectivity. The selective nature of the anti-angiogenic agents for human umbilical vein endothelial cells (Huvec) was compared to a normal fibroblast cell line and a human Glioma cell line to evaluate these compounds. N,N′,N′′-tris(2-mercaptoethyl)-cis,cis-1,3,5-triaminocyclohexane trihydrochloride (3b) was superior to tachpyr in terms of selectivity of its inhibitory activity toward the proliferation of Huvec compared to the fibroblast and human Glioma cell lines.