cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Biological interpretation of morphological patterns in histopathological whole-slide images

We propose a framework for studying visual morphological patterns across histopathological whole-slide images (WSIs). Image representation is an important component of computer-aided decision support systems for histopathological cancer diagnosis. Such systems extract hundreds of quantitative image features from digitized tissue biopsy slides and produce models for prediction. The performance of these models depends on the identification of informative features for selection of appropriate regions-of-interest (ROIs) from heterogeneous WSIs and for development of models. However, identification of informative features is hindered by the semantic gap between human interpretation of visual morphological patterns and quantitative image features. We address this challenge by using data mining and information visualization tools to study spatial patterns formed by features extracted from sub-sections of WSIs. Using ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma (OvCa) WSIs provided by the cancer genome atlas (TCGA), we show that (1) individual and (2) multivariate image features correspond to biologically relevant ROIs, and (3) supervised image feature selection can map histopathology domain knowledge to quantitative image features.
The role of human resources strategy in export performance: A longitudinal study

This longitudinal study examines the effect of human resources strategy on the export performance of 388 Florida firms. After controlling for differential firm advantages, managerial perceptions and aspirations, and marketing activities, results show that the way human resources are selected, deployed, compensated and motivated will play a significant role in subsequent export performance.
Three ordinal ranks for the set of differentiable functions

Abstract The complexity of a differentiable function can be measured according to its differentiability properties, the integrability properties of its derivative, or the convergence properties of its Fourier series. This produces three natural ordinal ranks. The relationships between these ranks are investigated. In particular it is shown that the differentiability rank dominates the integrability rank. Some related results and unsolved problems are also mentioned.
Tank Applied Testing of Load-Bearing Multilayer Insulation (LB-MLI)

The development of long duration orbital cryogenic storage systems will require the reduction of heat loads into the storage tank. In the case of liquid hydrogen, complete elimination of the heat load at 20 K is currently impractical due to the limitations in lift available on flight cryocoolers. In order to reduce the heat load, without having to remove heat at 20 K, the concept of Reduced Boil-Off uses cooled shields within the insulation system at approximately 90 K. The development of Load-Bearing Multilayer Insulation (LB-MLI) allowed the 90 K shield with tubing and cryocooler attachments to be suspended within the MLI and still be structurally stable. Coupon testing both thermally and structurally were performed to verify that the LB-MLI should work at the tank applied level. Then tank applied thermal and structural (acoustic) testing was performed to demonstrate the functionality of the LB-MLI as a structural insulation system. The LB-MLI showed no degradation of thermal performance due to the acoustic testing and showed excellent thermal performance when integrated with a 90 K class cryocooler on a liquid hydrogen tank.
To screen or not to screen for pre-type 1 diabetes?

The incidence of type 1 diabetes is increasing worldwide and the disease is an onerous burden both to the individual and to society. There are thus important reasons to screen for the disease before it becomes manifest: (1) to improve understanding of the natural history of the prediabetic period; (2) to gain further insights into the immunopathogenesis of the disease; (3) to identify individuals for prevention trials; (4) to make an earlier diagnosis in order to reduce morbidity and mortality. Great strides have been made, yet there is still a great deal to be learned. Opponents of screening argue that screening tests for the disease have a low positive predictive value and that predicting the disease without a primary prevention capability raises ethical considerations because of induced stress, lifestyle changes, cost and potential effects on insurability. The greatest single barrier against large-scale population screening and prevention of the disease remains the lack of an effective intervention. However, screening in the context of well-designed research studies must continue - ultimately the benefit to the individual and to society will be immense.
Entropy and Art: An Essay on Disorder and Order

I Useful order Reflections of physical order Disorder and degradation What the physicist has in mind Information and order Probability and structure Equilibrium Tension reduction and wear and tear The virtue of constraints The structural theme II Order in the second place The pleasures of tension reduction Homeostasis is not enough A need for complexity Art made simple Call for structure Bibliography Index
Acoustic emission during orthogonal metal cutting

Abstract The theory of acoustic emission and the analysis of emission signals is reviewed as it applies to generation of acoustic emission in metal cutting. Based upon the mechanics of the orthogonal cutting operation a relationship is developed between the root mean square (RMS) voltage of the acoustic emission and fundamental cutting parameters. The validity of this relationship is evaluated by a series of tests varying cutting speed, feed and rake angle for orthogonal machining. Strong dependence of the RMS voltage of the emission on both strain rate and cutting velocity was observed. The sources of acoustic emission in metal cutting are discussed and areas of additional work in the study of acoustic emission from metal cutting are identified.
Geldanamycin and its anti-cancer activities

Geldanamycin is a benzoquinone ansamycin antibiotic that manifests anti-cancer activity through the inhibition of HSP90-chaperone function. The HSP90 molecular chaperone is expressed at high levels in a wide variety of human cancers including melanoma, leukemia, and cancers in colon, prostate, lung, and breast. In cancer cells dependent upon mutated and/or over-expressed oncogene proteins, HSP90 is thought to have a critical role in regulating the stability, folding, and activity of HSP90-associated proteins, so-called "client proteins". These client proteins include the growth-stimulating proteins and kinases that support malignant transformation. Recently, oncogenic activating BRAF mutants have been identified in variety of cancers where constitutive activation of the MEK/ERK MAPK signaling pathway is the key for tumorigenesis, and they have been shown to be client proteins for HSP90. Accordingly, HSP90 inhibition can suppress certain cancer-causing client proteins and therefore represents an important therapeutic target. The molecular mechanism underlying the anti-cancer effect of HSP90 inhibition is complicated. Geldanamycin and its derivatives have been shown to induce the depletion of mutationally-activated BRAF through several mechanisms. In this review, we will describe the HSP90-inhibitory mechanism, focusing on recent progress in understanding HSP90 chaperone structure-function relationships, the identification of new HSP90 client proteins and the development of HSP90 inhibitors for clinical applications.
Peripheral-Type Benzodiazepine Receptors in Endocrine Organs: Autoradiographic Localization in Rat Pituitary, Adrenal, and Testis*

We have used [3H]Ro5-4864, a ligand selective for peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptors, to identify and localize peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptors in endocrine organs. Autoradiographic studies reveal an uniform distribution of [3H]Ro5-4864 binding sites within the anterior, intermediate, and posterior lobes of the pituitary gland, with highest concentrations present in the posterior pituitary. In rat adrenal gland, specific binding sites for [3H]Ro5-4864 are found only in the adrenal cortex, with highest density in the zona glomerulosa and significantly lower concentrations in the zona fasciculata and zona reticularis. [3H]Ro5-4864-associated silver grains in the testis are intensely localized over the interstitial tissue; low concentrations of silver grains are present over the epithelium of the seminiferous tubules but are absent from the tubular lumen. These studies demonstrate a differential and discrete localization of peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptors in rat pituitary, adrenal, and testis.
A miniature fiber optic blood pressure sensor and its application in in vivo blood pressure measurements of a swine model

Abstract Fractional flow reserve (FFR) is a promising technique in diagnosis of coronary artery stenosis. The technique is applied in coronary catheterization to measure the blood pressure (BP) difference across a coronary artery stenosis in the blood flow. In vivo BP measurement is the key element in FFR diagnosis. This paper describes the utilizing of a novel miniature fiber optic sensor to measure the BP of a swine model in vivo . A 25–50 kg Yorkshire swine model was used as the test target. A guiding catheter was introduced into the coronary artery, and blood pressure signals in aortic arch and right coronary artery were measured by the fiber optic sensor. A standard invasive manometry was used as the reference. Finally, a 2.25 mm balloon was inflated in the catheter to simulate the stenosis and the BP drop was recorded by the fiber optic sensor. The experiment demonstrates that the reported fiber optic sensor has the capability of measuring blood pressure in vivo and can be used for FFR technique.
SNPpy - Database Management for SNP Data from Genome Wide Association Studies

Background We describe SNPpy, a hybrid script database system using the Python SQLAlchemy library coupled with the PostgreSQL database to manage genotype data from Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS). This system makes it possible to merge study data with HapMap data and merge across studies for meta-analyses, including data filtering based on the values of phenotype and Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) data. SNPpy and its dependencies are open source software.
The Binary Spatial Partitioning Algorithm for Efficient Tracing of Rays in the Monte Carlo Method for Surface-to-Surface Radiation Transport

The Binary Spatial Partitioning (BSP) algorithm has found prolific usage within the computer graphics community for efficient tracing of rays. In this paper, the BSP algorithm is described and demonstrated in the context of the Monte Carlo method for surface-to-surface radiation transport. In the BSP algorithm the computational domain is recursively bisected into a set of hierarchically linked boxes that are then made use of to narrow down the number of ray-surface intersection calculations. The geometric information pertaining to these hierarchically linked boxes is stored in the form of a binary tree or table. The algorithm is tested for two classical problems, namely an open box, and a box in a box, in both two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) geometries with various mesh sizes, and is found to result in orders of magnitude gains in computational efficiency over direct calculations that do not employ any acceleration strategy. In theory, the BSP algorithm is expected to scale logarithmically, i.e., the CPU time is expected to increase logarithmically with increase in the number of discrete surface elements (or faces) that the boundaries of the computational domain are broken into. In practice, however, it was found that balancing of the binary tree is critical for logarithmic scaling of the algorithm. Without balancing of the binary tree, only super-linear scaling can be attained.© 2006 ASME
Answering von Neumann's conjecture on convergence of averages and analyzing the von Neumann-Richtmyer scheme via a material averaging method

Abstract A material averaging method is introduced and used to material-average certain partial differential equations that model the conservation laws of material dynamics. The resulting noncontinuum (semidiscrete) model for material dynamics is shown to lead to globally well-posed problems. Solutions of a time-discretization of the material-averaged equations are proved convergent. These results include the cases of the ideal gas (and generalizations thereof) with and without viscous stresses (i.e., both the viscous and the inviscid cases are included here). The material averaging method is so designed that a certain time-discretization of the material-averaged equations yields the widely known and much used scheme of von Neumann and Richtmyer. A convergence result for the von Neumann-Richtmyer scheme follows from the main theorem here. In addition to providing an answer to von Neumann's conjecture on the convergence of averages, these results also provide some progress on the von Neumann-Richtmyer problem.
Some Theorems on $R$-Maximal Sets and Major Subsets of Recursively Enumerable Sets

Introduction. In [5], we studied the relational systems 1/J obtained from the recursive functions of one variable by identifying two such functions if they are equal for all but finitely many x E A, where A is an r-cohesive set. The relational systems R/A with addition and multiplication defined pointwise on them, were once thought to be potential candidates for nonstandard models of arithmetic. This, however, turned out not to be the case, as was shown by Feferman, Scott, and Tennenbaum [1]. We showed, letting A and B be r-maximal sets, and letting X denote the complement of X, that 1/A. and .?/A are elementarily equivalent (9/A-_= Mfg) if there are r-maximal supersets C and D of A and B respectively such that C and D have the same many-one degree (C =m D). In fact, if A and B are maximal sets, R/T _=/A if, and only if, A =m B. We wish to study the relationship between the elementary equivalence of f/.T and s/A, and the Turing degrees of A and B. If we restrict A and B to be maximal sets, it is clear from the above-mentioned results that if Rf/X and ?!/A are elementarily equivalent, the A and B have the same many-one degree, and hence the same Turing degree. The converse, however, is not true, as we showed in [6]; there we proved that if a is the Turing degree of a maximal set, then there are infinitely many maximal sets M1, M2, . of Turing degree a but of pairwise distinct many-one degrees. Hence they generate relational systems R/M1, i = 1, 2, . . . with pairwise distinct elementary theories. The question thus arises as to what happens when we restrict A and B to rmaximal, nonmaximal sets. Such sets fall into two classes; r-maximal sets with a maximal superset, and r-maximal sets with no maximal superset. We show that for any Turing degrees a and b of r-maximal sets, we can get r-maximal sets A and B restricted to either of these classes, such that A has Turing degree a, B has Turing degree b, and J/. -s/A. Also, for a fixed Turing degree a of an r-maximal set with a maximal superset, we show that there are infinitely many r-maximal sets with maximal supersets AO, A1, such that if Al # AS, then. A/A1 # .1ji. Finally, we show that if a is any Turing degree of an r-maximal set, there are infinitely many r-maximal sets with no maximal supersets, all of Turing degree a, but all having different many-one degrees. For the sake of completeness, we will define some of the terms we have used above, or will be using later on. Let T1 be the predicate with the same name as defined in Kleene [3]. A set A is cohesive (r-cohesive) if it is infinite, and there is no recursively enumerable (recursive) set B such that A n B and A n B are both
Assessment of cerebral arteriovenous malformations with high temporal and spatial resolution contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography: a review from protocol to clinical application.

AbstractThe combination of high spatial and high temporal resolution contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) at 3.0 T has enabled the detailed evaluation of functional vascular anatomy and hemodynamics of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Key contributory technical factors
Deterministic Ising dynamics

A deterministic cellular automaton rule is presented which simulates the Ising model. On each cell in addition to an Ising spin is a space-time parity bit and a variable playing the role of a momentum conjugate to the spin. The procedure permits study of nonequilibrium phenomena, heat flow, mixing, and time correlations. The algorithm can make full use of multispin coding, thus permitting fast programs involving parallel processing on serial machines.
Evaluating material performance between high current contact

The High Current Test Fixture (HiCTF) was developed to examine material response to repulsive forces generated between electrically conducting material pairs during short pulses of high current, similar to conditions experienced in EML applications. Based upon Holm contact theory with additional pre-load and pressure distribution parameters, this test fixture was designed to use a loading press to apply the pre-load to the test specimens while conducting current through the specimen contact interface. The fixture uses an aligned mechanical loading device to provide a preload across the contact interface of the specimen. The primary interests for the HiCTF are to investigate contact response sensitivity as a function of its degradation, impact of geometry variation, surface conditions, material pairing, pre-load, and contact integrity. Statistically based experimental designs have been constructed and analysis methodologies developed which incorporate likelihood ratio analysis and the Neyer method. The Neyer D-Optimal Design method, used in sensitivity testing of explosives, shows promise as an appropriate test method for HiCTF results, and will be used to provide sufficient information for comparisons and developmental thresholds. Results from HiCTF testing provide insight into electrical contact phenomenon and high current material response. This paper provides an overview of the High Current Test Fixture, its motivation, analysis methodology, results, observations, and lessons learned.
Modelling changes in the epidemic range of Southern Pine Beetle using temperature and objective moisture indicators

This report details as statistical model that relates changes in areal coverage of the Southern Pine Beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm.) to a multivariate combination of temperature and moisture status indices. It is applicable to larger geographic areas than our previous work (Michaels 1984). Performance in a true test (predictive) mode detected the algebraic sign of major coverage changes in a highly significant fashion. The results are purely correlative, rather than causative. This report describes a test-proven tool that can be used by planners to determine whether coverage will change, based upon easily accessed climatic data. An example of its application is provided.
Reducing health disparities in the twenty-first century: Opportunities for nursing research

This article highlights selected components of the National Institute of Nursing Research's (NINR) Strategic Plan on Reducing Health Disparities. Building on its long history of supporting research devoted to improving minority health, NINR has expanded its opportunities and efforts related to health disparities and enhancing the research career development of minority investigators. Given the increased emphasis on reducing and, ultimately, eliminating health disparities, nurse researchers are encouraged to explore the various opportunities provided by NINR when addressing health inequalities.
Fast trigger tubes for switching megawatts in nano-seconds

Two types of tubes have been developed which depend upon an electrical discharge in gas at low pressure. The tubes are of rugged construction which will withstand severe environments. A low pressure-distance product, necessary for high voltage operation, may be obtained by using a short path geometry which allows sufficient gas pressure for high current conduction.
Ex vivo development of a composite human oral mucosal equivalent

Abstract Purpose: The aim of this study was the ex vivo development of a composite oral mucosal equivalent composed of a continuous stratified layer of human oral keratinocytes grown on a cadaveric human dermal matrix in a defined medium without a feeder layer. Materials and Methods: Enzymatically dissociated human oral keratinocytes from keratinized oral mucosa were cultured, submerged in a serum-free, low-calcium (0.15 mmol/L) supplemented medium, and expanded through several passages. Once a sufficient population of keratinocytes was reached, they were seeded on 1-cm 2 pieces of AlloDerm (LifeCell Co, Woodlands, TX), an acellular nonimmunogenic cadaveric human dermis, at cell densities of 2.5 × 10 4 , 5.0 × 10 4 , 1.25 × 10 5 , or 2.5 × 10 5 . The oral keratinocyte-AlloDerm composites were cultured while submerged in a high-calcium (1.8 mmol/L) medium for 4 days. After 4 days, the composites were raised to an air-liquid interface. Samples of the composites were taken for histologic examination at 4, 11, and 18 days postseeding of the keratinocytes on the AlloDerm. Results: At day 4, only the seeded cell density of 2.5 × 10 5 cells/cm 2 formed a continuous monolayer on the AlloDerm. At day 11, a continuous stratified epithelium was seen, and at day 18 a well-differentiated, confluent parakeratotic epithelial layer was developed at cell densities of 5.0 × 10 4 , 1.25 × 10 5 , and 2.5 × 10 5 cells/cm 2 . Conclusion: With the method used, it was possible to successfully develop an ex vivo composite oral mucosal equivalent that consisted of a stratified epidermis on a dermal matrix.
Seeing and Photographing Very Faintly Illuminated Objects

THE question frequently arises, particularly among astronomers, whether it is possible to photograph objects too faintly illuminated to be seen. At the suggestion of Dr. Mees, the writer, assisted by Mr. Huse, has made some observations with measured illuminations giving comparative sensibilities of the human retina and an extra rapid photographic plate.
A Review of “Beyond Talent: Creating a Successful Career in Music,” by Angela Myles Beeching

“Practice, practice, practice!” is famed pianist Arthur Rubenstein's oft-quoted retort to the New York City tourist's question, “How do I get to Carnegie Hall?” Rubenstein was witty and on-spot: pr...
Tumor classification and size in germ‐cell testicular cancer. Influence on the occurrence of metastases

The influence of local tumor spread (T-classification) and of tumor size on the occurrence of metastases was studied in 241 patients with testicular germ-cell neoplasms. All patients underwent thorough clinical or pathologic staging, or both, and were treated at the University of Minnesota Hospitals. Spread of tumor through the tunica vaginalis (T2) was associated with abdominal lymph node or distant metastases in eight of nine patients. Local tumor extension to the spermatic cord (T4a) was associated with metastatic spread in 29 of 31 men. Tumor size did not appear to correlate with metastatic rate. These findings are an important aid in designing adjuvant therapy trials and in establishing a "no treatment" approach after orchiectomy.
SmartStealing: Analysis and Optimization of Work Stealing in Parallel Garbage Collection for Java VM

Parallel garbage collection has been used to speedup the collection process on multicore architectures. Similar to other parallel techniques, balancing the workload among threads is critical to ensuring good overall collection performance. To this end, work stealing is employed by the current state-of-the-art Java Virtual Machine, OpenJDK, to keep GC threads from idling during a collection process. However, we found that the current algorithm is not efficient. Its usage can often cause GC performance to be worse than when work stealing is not used.In this paper, we identify three factors that affect work stealing efficiency: determining tasks that can benefit from stealing, frequency with which to attempt stealing, and performance impacts of failed stealing attempts. Based on this analysis, we propose SmartStealing, a new algorithm that can automatically decide whether to attempt stealing at a particular point during execution. If stealing is attempted, it can efficiently identify a task to steal from. We then compare the collection performances when (i) the default work stealing algorithm is used, (ii) work stealing is not used at all, and (iii) the SmartStealing approach is used. Without modifying the remaining garbage collection system, the evaluation result shows that SmartStealing can reduce the parallel GC execution time for 19 of the 21 benchmarks. The average reduction is 50.4% and the highest reduction is 78.7%. We also investigate the performances of SmartStealing on NUMA and UMA architectures.
Quality control procedures for dynamic treatment delivery techniques involving couch motion

In this study, the authors introduce and demonstrate quality control procedures for evaluating the geometric and dosimetric fidelity of dynamic treatment delivery techniques involving treatment couch motion synchronous with gantry and multileaf collimator (MLC). Tests were designed to evaluate positional accuracy, velocity constancy and accuracy for dynamic couch motion under a realistic weight load. A test evaluating the geometric accuracy of the system in delivering treatments over complex dynamic trajectories was also devised. Custom XML scripts that control the Varian TrueBeam™ STx (Serial #3) axes in Developer Mode were written to implement the delivery sequences for the tests. Delivered dose patterns were captured with radiographic film or the electronic portal imaging device. The couch translational accuracy in dynamic treatment mode was 0.01 cm. Rotational accuracy was within 0.3°, with 0.04 cm displacement of the rotational axis. Dose intensity profiles capturing the velocity constancy and accuracy for translations and rotation exhibited standard deviation and maximum deviations below 3%. For complex delivery involving MLC and couch motions, the overall translational accuracy for reproducing programmed patterns was within 0.06 cm. The authors conclude that in Developer Mode, TrueBeam™ is capable of delivering dynamic treatment delivery techniques involving couch motion with good geometric and dosimetric fidelity.
Revision of the cerrado hemicryptophytic Chamaesyce of Boissier's "Pleiadeniae" (Euphorbiaceae)

The species ofChamaesyce classified by Boissier as the “Pleiadeniae” are revised in light of presently available collections. Six species are accepted and new combinations are proposed forC. nana, C. setosa, C. tamanduana, andC. viscoides. Although these herbaceous perennials of cerrado vegetation of Brazil, northern Argentina, and adjacent countries are distinctive ecologically and geographically, cladistic analysis does not support their recognition as a monophyletic group.
Effect of Some Management Factors on the Incidence of Breast Blisters in Heavy Broilers

Abstract PRIMARILY because of improved production practices, there is a trend in the poultry industry toward marketing broiler-type birds at heavier body weights. Several years ago, Wisman et al. (1961) demonstrated that it was more economical, production-wise, to grow broilers of both sexes to 11 weeks of age than to 9 weeks of age before marketing. There is also a growing interest in the production of young roasters or broiler-type birds that are marketed beyond 11 weeks of age. Perhaps the greatest deterrent to the production of a heavier bird is the noticeable increase in the occurrence of breast blisters which results in a downgrading of the carcass. Many genetic, physiological and environmental factors thought to affect the occurrence of breast blisters have been previously investigated. Among the genetic and physiological factors, an increased incidence has been found with increasing age or body weight by Smith (1956), Winget et al. (1958),…
UV curable epoxy acrylate–clay nanocomposites

UV curable epoxy acrylates were reinforced with two different organically modified montmorillonites (MMTs) and an unmodified MMT. Conversion and rate of polymerization was monitored by real time infrared spectroscopy (RTIR) and photo-DSC. Microstructures were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and optical clarity. Optical clarity of the films containing clay was quite good as only a slight decrease was observed. Physical properties of the reinforced films were examined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), hardness and tensile testing. Enhancements in glass transition temperature (Tg), thermal stability and mechanical properties were observed. The films reinforced with the unmodified MMT exhibit the most significant enhancements in properties.
Predicting postrecurrence survival among completely resected nonsmall-cell lung cancer patients.

Background Survival after recurrence subsequent to complete resection of nonsmall-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been considered a multifactorial process dependent on demographic, clinical, biological, and treatment characteristics. This study sought to quantify the prognostic effects of these characteristics on postrecurrence survival. Methods Three hundred ninety NSCLC patients who underwent complete resection and subsequently had recurrent cancer were studied. The associations between characteristics of both the initial and recurrent disease with postrecurrence survival were evaluated by Cox proportional hazards models. A multivariable Cox model determined those factors most strongly associated with postrecurrence survival . A simple algorithm based on this model facilitates estimating risk of postrecurrence mortality, as quantified by risk score points. Results The factors most strongly associated with postrecurrence survival were performance status at recurrence (3 or 4, 4.2 points; 2, 2.8 points; and 1, 1.5 points), symptoms at recurrence (3.6 points), liver recurrence (2.3 points), initial lung cancer stage IIB or worse (1.8 points), and multiple recurrences (1.0 points). Based on these factors, patients were stratified as low risk (4.0 or fewer total points), moderate-low risk (4.1 to 6.1 points), moderate-high risk (6.1 to 8.0 points), and high risk (more than 8.0 points), with 12-month survival of 75%, 51%, 25%, and 9%, respectively. Postrecurrence survival was significantly different across groups (p Conclusions The proposed prediction instrument offers clinicians a succinct tool for rapidly evaluating mortality risk after recurrence. The characteristics comprising this instrument can be easily ascertained and measured, making it of potential clinical value.
Incorporation of Chromium(III) and Chromium(VI) Oxides in a Simulated Basaltic, Industrial Waste Glass‐Ceramic

Chromium, an EPA listed toxic element concentrated in many industrial wastes, was stabilized using waste vitrification. Cr2O3 and CrO3 were loaded into a simulated basaltic base composition, vitrified, and cooled at various rates. Chromium incorporation mechanisms, vitrification processability, effect of initial Cr oxidation state, and product performance were investigated. At 1500°C, Cr2O3 has a low solubility limit (0.54 wt%) in the base composition, and crystallized as Cr-rich primary spinel (Mg,Fe)(Fe,Al,Cr)2O4. On cooling, Cr-depleted secondary spinel and augite (Na,Ca)(Mg,Fe2+,Al)(Si,Al)2O6 crystallized. Cr(VI) was converted into Cr(III) on vitrification. The apparent viscosity of the melts was estimated using the Bottinga–Weill model as corrected by Roscoe's equation. The end products showed Cr2O3 loading capacities as high as 16.7 wt% without exceeding the toxicity-leaching limit defined by EPA. The annealed products had Vickers's hardness of about 800 kg·F/mm2 and can be classified as medium-grade abrasives.
Student temperament and motives as predictors of instructional dissent

Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine if students' Big Five personality traits (i.e., neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness) and their motives for communicating with an instructor (i.e., relational, functional, participatory, excuse-making, sycophancy) were significant predictors of instructional dissent (i.e., expressive, rhetorical, vengeful) in the college classroom. Student participants ( N = 240) completed a questionnaire using self-reports of their own personality traits, motives, and frequency of communicating instructional dissent in reference to a target course. Results of hierarchical regression analyses revealed that (a) expressive dissent was predicted by students' neuroticism, extraversion, and agreeableness, (b) rhetorical dissent was predicted by students' extraversion and agreeableness, and (c) vengeful dissent was predicted by students' openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. After controlling for the Big 5 traits, (d) the excuse-making, sycophancy, and functional motives predicted additional variance in instructional dissent.
Cooperative cluster formation in metallothionein

Abstract An ion-exchange chromatography procedure was used to resolve apometallothionein from the metallo- form in a study of metal-thiolate cluster formation. Chromatography of metallothionein reconstituted with Cd(II), Zn(II), or Cu(I) at neutral pH on carboxymethyl-cellulose led to removal of apoprotein from a solution without effect on recovery of the metalloprotein. Analysis of the effluent revealed apparent cooperative binding of these metal ions to the protein. Addition of 1–4 mol eq Cd(II) ions led to the recovery of metallothionein with around 4 mol eq Cd bound. The yield of this form increased with increasing starting metal ion equivalency. These results were obtained with two different ion-exchange resins. The cooperativity of binding was not total, but was initially confined to the carboxyl-terminal α domain. The results of metal and protein yields are inconsistent with random, noninteractive binding. Similar data were obtained with Zn(II) and Cu(I) ions although Cu(I) exhibited initial cooperative binding within the aminoterminal β domain with over 5 mol eq Cu(I) bound.
How the architectural style of the home relates to family television viewing

Results of a qualitative study, examining 20 families, found that families living in more private‐oriented, closed‐plan homes (called traditional homes) viewed television individually and planned their acquisition of multiple television sets in the home. Those living in more community‐oriented, open homes (called transitional homes) preferred family viewing and acquired multiple television sets in a more ad hoc manner. In addition, only those living in transitional homes tended to call the television in the family room area the “main” TV.
A Solution of the Rectangular Cutting-Stock Problem

A method of solving a version of the two-dimensional cutting-stock problem is presented. In this version of the problem one is given a number of rectangular sheets and an order for a specified number of each of certain types of rectangular shapes. The goal is to cut the shapes out of the sheets in such a way as to minimize the waste. However, in many practical applications computation time is also an important economic consideration. For such applications the goal may be to obtain the best solution possible without using excessive amounts of computation time. The method of solution described here avoids exhaustive search procedures by employing an approach utilizing a constrained dynamic programming algorithm to lay out groups of rectangles called strips. This paper also describes the results obtained when the algorithm was tested with some typical rectangular layout problems.
Coupling multiple water-reuse network designs for agile manufacturing

Abstract Water-reuse network design (WRND) is widely studied and employed in many industrial processes to minimize freshwater consumption and wastewater generation. Previous studies have been focusing almost exclusively on identifying one optimal WRND for a studied process system. Actually, the quest for agile manufacturing by some multi-purpose industrial processes needs a comprehensive WRND having the maximum operational flexibility to deal with various production requirements. Thus, the most desirable way for such agile manufacturing is to couple various WRNDs into one super design, and then through an effective control strategy to accomplish different production requests by switching among these WRNDs. In this paper, a novel methodology for the design of such a flexible super WRND has been developed. It simultaneously considers the integration of multiple WRNDs and network control switch based on different manufacturing purposes. The developed systematic methodology is general and thus applicable for many potential network integration problems. Case studies have demonstrated the efficacy of the development and its significance in the context of agile manufacturing.
The chemical peel

The spectrum of chemical peeling encompasses a diverse group of peeling agents with the ability to produce a wide range of cutaneous burns. The most spectacular peels are produced by the phenol formulas. The physician, however, is restricted in the number of potential candidates as determined by skin color and potential toxicity. While not as impressive, trichloroacetic acid peels are an excellent modality for treatment of actinic keratoses, actinic dermatitis and lentigoes. Improvement of rhytides, skin tone, and texture can be impressive. Utilization of TCA may require repetitive peeling to obtain the desired result. With the alarming increase in the incidence of severe facial solar radiation as manifested by multiple premalignant and in situ malignant lesions, therapeutic chemical peeling has become an increasingly important procedure. The dermatologic surgeon can not only eradicate the multitude of facial lesions present but also markedly diminish the incidence of new lesions.
Making Teamwork Work: Team Knowledge for Team Effectiveness

This study examined the impact of two types of team knowledge on team effectiveness. The study assessed the impact of taskwork knowledge and teamwork knowledge on team satisfaction and performance. A longitudinal study was conducted with 27 service-management teams involving 178 students in a real-life restaurant setting. Teamwork knowledge was found to impact both team outcomes. Furthermore, team learning behavior was found to mediate the relationships between teamwork knowledge and team outcomes. Educators and managers should therefore ensure these types of knowledge are developed in teams along with learning behavior for maximum effectiveness.
Indicators of clinical response to treatment with six‐mercaptopurine or azathioprine in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

Objectives: There is some uncertainty regarding how to best dose and therapeutically monitor 6-mercaptopurine or azathioprine in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. The purpose of this study was to assess the relation between clinical response, 6-mercaptopurine metabolite levels, relative leukopenia, and drug dose. Methods: 60 patients with inflammatory bowel disease who were on stable doses of 6-mercaptopurine or azathioprine for ≥ 3 months and who had measurements of 6-mercaptopurine metabolite levels were evaluated. Patients were classified as complete responders (N = 24), partial responders (N = 7), or non-responders (N = 29). Results: Drug dose was associated with clinical response when we analyzed adjusted doses based on molecular drug weight (P = 0.002). 6-Thioguanine levels also were associated with clinical response (P = 0.003) and the maximal difference between responders and non-responders was seen at 6-thioguanine levels greater than 260 pmol/8 × 108 RBC. Relative leukopenia, defined as white blood cell count less than either 5.0 or 4.0 K/ u L, was not associated with clinical response (P = 0.13 and 0.77 respectively). Conclusions: 1. Drug dose and 6-thioguanine levels are related to clinical response in patients with inflammatory bowel disease on 6-mercaptopurine or azathioprine. 2. For 6-thioguanine levels, there is a fair amount of overlap, but maximal differentiation between responders and non-responders is seen at levels > 260 pmol/8 × 108 RBC. 3. Relative leukopenia does not correlate well with clinical response.
On the Toeplitzness of the adjoint of composition operators

Abstract Building on techniques developed by Cowen (1988) [3] and Nazarov–Shapiro (2007) [10] , it is shown that the adjoint of a composition operator, induced by a unit disk-automorphism, is not strongly asymptotically Toeplitz. This result answers Nazarov–Shapiro’s question in Nazarov and Shapiro (2007) [10] .
Cu2+-Phosphatidylserine Binding and its Implications for Protein-Membrane Interactions

Phosphatidylserine (PS) lipids in cell membranes play a significant role in apoptosis, blood clotting and neurodegenerative disease such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Using a novel fluorescence quenching assay, PS lipids in supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) were found to bind Cu2+ with high affinity. The resulting Cu2+-PS complex can quench a broad spectrum of lipid-bound fluorophores in a reversible and pH-dependent fashion. This quenching assay can be used to determine the binding affinity between Cu2+ and SLBs containing various PS concentrations, since the PS concentration on the cell surface changes during different biological events. It can be also used to investigate Cu2+-mediated interactions between proteins and membranes, for example, to explore β-Amyloid peptide (Aβ)-membrane interactions to assist clarifying the membrane-related neurotoxicity of Aβ.
A geodetic network in the Novarupta area, Katmai National Park, Alaska

A small geodetic network was established in 1989 and 1990 to monitor ground deformation in the Novarupta area, Katmai National Park, Alaska. Slope distances and zenith angles for three lines were repeated in 1990. A comparison of the two surveys indicates changes that are within the error of the measurements. Mean mark-to-mark slope distance changes are 1.17±1.46 ppm. Two benchmarks were added to the network in 1990 to configure a five-endpoint braced quadrilateral centered about the Novarupta dome.
Large-area ultrathin films of reduced graphene oxide as a transparent and flexible electronic material

The integration of novel materials such as single-walled carbon nanotubes and nanowires into devices has been challenging, but developments in transfer printing and solution-based methods now allow these materials to be incorporated into large-area electronics1,2,3,4,5,6. Similar efforts are now being devoted to making the integration of graphene into devices technologically feasible7,8,9,10. Here, we report a solution-based method that allows uniform and controllable deposition of reduced graphene oxide thin films with thicknesses ranging from a single monolayer to several layers over large areas. The opto-electronic properties can thus be tuned over several orders of magnitude, making them potentially useful for flexible and transparent semiconductors or semi-metals. The thinnest films exhibit graphene-like ambipolar transistor characteristics, whereas thicker films behave as graphite-like semi-metals. Collectively, our deposition method could represent a route for translating the interesting fundamental properties of graphene into technologically viable devices.
The Profession's Evolving Standards

What steps has the measurement profession taken to bridge the gap between professionally and legally acceptable practice in licensure testing? What questions should be raised about the progress made by the profession in supporting valid inferences from certification test scores?
Antigen-coated poly α-hydroxy acid based microparticles for heterologous prime-boost adenovirus based vaccinations.

Adenoviruses show promising potential as vectors for cancer vaccines, however, their high immuno- genicity can be problematic when it comes to homologous prime-boost strategies. In the studies pre- sented here we show that heterologous prime-boost vaccinations involving ovalbumin (OVA)-antigen- coated microparticles as a prime, and adenovirus encoding OVA (AdOVA) as a boost, were equally as effective as homologous AdOVA prime-boosts at generating OVA-specific CD8 þ T-cell responses, which translated into effective tumor protection. OVA-coated biodegradable poly a-hydroxy acid-based mi- croparticles of varying chemistries, when used as primes in heterologous prime-boost vaccinations, were comparable in terms of promoting OVA-specific CD8 þ T cells as well as providing protection against subsequent tumor challenge. These findings auger well for using poly a-hydroxy acid-based micropar- ticles in prime-boost viral vaccination strategies geared toward the safer, and potentially more efficient, generation of anti-tumor immunity.
Recessed-gate enhancement-mode GaN HEMT with high threshold voltage

Fabrication of enhancement-mode high electron mobility transistors (E-HEMTs) on GaN/AlGaN heterostructures grown on SiC substrates is reported. Enhancement-mode operation was achieved with high threshold voltage (V/sub T/) through the combination of low-damage and controllable dry gate-recessing and the annealing of the Ni/Au gates. As-recessed E-HEMTs with 1.0 /spl mu/m gates exhibited a threshold voltage (V/sub T/) of 0.35 V, maximum drain current (I/sub D,max/) of 505 mA/mm, and maximum transconductance (g/sub m,max/) of 345 mS/mm; the corresponding post-gate anneal characteristics were 0.47 V, 455 mA/mm and 310 mS/mm, respectively. The RF performance is unaffected by the post-gate anneal process with a unity current gain cutoff frequency (f/sub T/) of 10 GHz.
Epithelial Interleukin-8 Responses to Oral Bacterial Biofilms

An in vitro model of bacterial biofilms on rigid gas-permeable contact lenses (RGPLs) was developed to challenge oral epithelial cells. This novel model provided seminal data on oral biofilm-host cell interactions, and with selected bacteria, the biofilms were more effective than their planktonic counterparts at stimulating host cell responses.
Ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease: distinctive gene expression profiles and novel susceptibility candidate genes

To elucidate the biological dysregulation underlying two forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), we examined global gene expression profiles of inflamed colonic tissue using DNA microarrays. Our results identified several genes with altered expression not previously linked to IBD. In addition to the expected upregulation of various cytokine and chemokine genes, novel immune function-related genes such as IGHG3, IGLL2 and CD74, inflammation-related lipocalins HNL and NGAL, and proliferation-related GRO genes were over-expressed in UC. Certain cancer-related genes such as DD96, DRAL and MXI1 were differentially expressed only in UC. Other genes over-expressed in both UC and CD included the REG gene family and the calcium-binding S100 protein genes S100A9 and S100P. The natural antimicrobial defensin DEFA5 and DEFA6 genes were particularly over-expressed in CD. Overall, significant differences in the expression profiles of 170 genes identified UC and CD as distinct molecular entities. The genomic map locations of the dysregulated genes may identify novel candidates for UC and CD genetic susceptibility.