cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Negotiating Tensions: A Study of Pre-service English as Foreign Language Teachers' Sense of Identity Within Their Community of Practice.

The dynamic nature of language teacher identity requires an understanding of the processes involved in the formation of teachers’ professional identity. In the context of English as a foreign language (EFL), identity formation involves navigating dominant discourses around a hierarchical dichotomy of native and non-native speakers placing non-native teachers in a lesser category. This research presents a qualitative analysis of interview data of 4 pre-service teachers in an EFL teacher education program. Using the community of practice identity negotiation framework, the findings of this study show how pre-service teachers are negotiating practices deemed as valuable by their education program. The findings in this study suggest that EFL pre-service teachers’ processes of identity negotiation were mainly characterized by adoption and some degree of tension around ideologies privileging the NS and unmarked speech. This study contributes to the extant conversation about the problematization of the native non-native speaker dichotomy and discusses the unique affordances of Epistemic Network Analysis to examine processes of identity formation and negotiation beyond the context of language teachers.
Association of Inclusion of Medicare Advantage Patients in Hospitals' Risk-Standardized Readmission Rates, Performance, and Penalty Status.

Importance The Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program publicly reports and financially penalizes hospitals according to 30-day risk-standardized readmission rates (RSRRs) exclusively among traditional Medicare (TM) beneficiaries but not persons with Medicare Advantage (MA) coverage. Exclusively reporting readmission rates for the TM population may not accurately reflect hospitals’ readmission rates for older adults. Objective To examine how inclusion of MA patients in hospitals’ performance is associated with readmission measures and eligibility for financial penalties. Design, Setting, and Participants This is a retrospective cohort study linking the Medicare Provider Analysis and Review file with the Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set at 4070 US acute care hospitals admitting both TM and MA patients. Participants included patients admitted and discharged alive with a diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), congestive heart failure (CHF), or pneumonia between 2011 and 2015. Data analyses were conducted between April 1, 2018, and November 20, 2020. Exposures Admission to an acute care hospital. Main Outcomes and Measures The outcome was readmission for any reason occurring within 30 days after discharge. Each hospital’s 30-day RSRR was computed on the basis of TM, MA, and all patients and estimated changes in hospitals’ performance and eligibility for financial penalties after including MA beneficiaries for calculating 30-day RSRRs. Results There were 748 033 TM patients (mean [SD] age, 76.8 [83] years; 360 692 [48.2%] women) and 295 928 MA patients (mean [SD] age, 77.5 [7.9] years; 137 422 [46.4%] women) hospitalized and discharged alive for AMI; 1 327 551 TM patients (mean [SD] age, 81 [8.3] years; 735 855 [55.4%] women) and 457 341 MA patients (mean [SD] age, 79.8 [8.1] years; 243 503 [53.2%] women) for CHF; and 2 017 020 TM patients (mean [SD] age, 80.7 [8.5] years; 1 097 151 [54.4%] women) and 610 790 MA patients (mean [SD] age, 79.6 [8.2] years; 321 350 [52.6%] women) for pneumonia. The 30-day RSRRs for TM and MA patients were correlated (correlation coefficients, 0.31 for AMI, 0.40 for CHF, and 0.41 for pneumonia) and the TM-based RSRR systematically underestimated the RSRR for all Medicare patients for each condition. Of the 2820 hospitals with 25 or more admissions for at least 1 of the outcomes of AMI, CHF, and pneumonia, 635 (23%) had a change in their penalty status for at least 1 of these conditions after including MA data. Changes in hospital performance and penalty status with the inclusion of MA patients were greater for hospitals in the highest quartile of MA admissions. Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study, the inclusion of data from MA patients changed the penalty status of a substantial fraction of US hospitals for at least 1 of 3 reported conditions. This suggests that policy makers should consider including all hospital patients, regardless of insurance status, when assessing hospital quality measures.
Comparative Political Theory and Heterology

One of the central difficulties for practitioners of cognate disciplines like comparative political theory and comparative philosophy concerns the hermeneutic problem of understanding that which is different. The philosophical challenge, put briefly, is this: Is it possible to bring something of an entirely different order into our world of understanding without imposing our own epistemological categories and civilizational prejudices on it? This essay focuses on recent exemplary work in comparative political theory that has explicitly grappled with this issue. Examined here are three models of encountering and learning from different traditions of thought—the models of existential immersion, conversion, and pilgrimage—as exemplified in the contributions by Farah Godrej, Leigh Jenco, and J. L. Mehta. The essay shows that while the first two authors have sought to resolve the problem of the encounter with difference methodologically (Godrej) and epistemologically (Jenco), their respective solutions remain implicitly bound to a spectator theory of knowledge. This becomes especially evident when their work is contrasted with Mehta’s own. Unlike Godrej and Jenco, Mehta does not view difference as a problem to be resolved. The advantage of his approach, I argue, is that it provides liberation from the rigid subject-object dichotomy which encourages the view that the ‘objects’ of our knowledge exist prior to and wholly apart from the act of knowing. Mehta’s work, therefore, opens the possibility for redirecting our attention to a question that has thus far been thoroughly avoided in the consolidation of the subfield: the question of the very constitution of difference or heterology.
Think Before You Act: The Unintended Consequences of Inexpensive Business Experimentation

Scholars and practitioners recommend the use of inexpensive business experiments to evaluate new and uncertain strategic alternatives. While current thinking recommends that strategic alternatives ...
The effects of online course duration on graduate nurse educator student engagement in the community of inquiry.

Abstract Aim The number of online graduate nursing programs across the United States has increased to address a critical shortage of nurse educators. Web-based learning appeals to nurses returning to school as a means of gaining an education at their convenience. More schools are offering compressed courses to meet this demand. Although students have a preference toward shorter intensive online courses, it is unclear how that affects the quality of the learning experience such as student engagement. The study explored the effect of course length on the student learning experience in a graduate online nurse educator course. Design Using the community of inquiry framework, this study examined the effect of course duration (8-week versus traditional 16-week timeframes) on student engagement, student perceptions of the learning experience and self-reported learning behaviors. Study participants were enrolled in an online graduate nurse educator program located in the northwest United States. Methods Data were collected using a background information form, a course evaluation form and the Community of Inquiry Questionnaire which measured teaching presence, social presence and cognitive presence. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results High mean scores on the questionnaire showed that a community of inquiry was established regardless of course duration. However, there were differences in terms of the social and teaching presence subscales but not in the cognitive presence subscale suggesting that students in the traditional course were better able to establish the type of rapport with each other that increased comfort and engagement with peer interactions. Independent t-tests revealed statistically significant differences in perceptions of time to complete course activities. Students in the 16-week course were more likely to report that they had adequate time to complete course teachings, think critically about course content, complete course assignments and thoughtfully engage in course discussion and that they performed their best on assignments. Conclusions The findings support the traditional course duration over an intensive 8-week format because it allows for students to build a better rapport and greater student engagement with the course materials and peers. The study reinforces previous work on distance education noting social presence and connectedness as essential to optimal online learning. Using the community of inquiry framework and best-practice pedagogies for online education in the design and development of online courses can contribute to greater collaboration and deeper learning.
Viewing Hamdan Through a Military Lens

The Supreme Court's decision in Hamdan v. Rumsfeld triggered an avalanche of legal commentary, criticism, and debate. What is somewhat surprising, however, is the relative paucity of analysis regarding the impact of this opinion on the planning and execution of military operations, a subject at the heart of the challenge brought by Hamdan. From a military perspective, this opinion provided an important reaffirmation of something military operational lawyers had always known: treating captured enemies humanely is an essential component of preserving the demarcation line between disciplined military operations and battlefield anarchy. In rejecting the selective invocation of the laws of war, the Supreme Court seemed to understand and confirm that this area of law reflects a delicate balance between authority and obligation, a principle reflected in longstanding Department of Defense policies. This brief essay will address this aspect of the opinion, and how the Court's impetus for cooperative military policy ultimately strengthened the had of the government.
The Hume Literature, 1999

This bibliography covers the Hume literature for 1999. I have appended supplements containing additions and corrections to "The Hume Literature, 1986-1993" (November 1994), "The Hume Literature, 1994" (November 1995), "The Hume Literature, 1995" (November 1996), "The Hume Literature, 1996" (November 1997), "The Hume Literature, 1997" (November 1998), and "The Hume Literature, 1998" (November 1999). I am again grateful to all those who have contributed additions or corrections to these bibliographies, and I again encourage readers of Hume Studies to supply additions, corrections, or bibliographical information still missing from any of these listings. For the Hume literature prior to 1986, the reader should consult Roland Hall's authoritative Fifty Years of Hume Scholarship: A Bibliographic Guide (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1978), which covers the period 1925 to 1976, and also lists significant earlier work on Hume. Hall's bibliographies in Hume Studies supplement that work. They appeared from 1978 to 1988 and cover the Hume literature for the years 1977 to 1985. My bibliographies depart from Hall's practice in that they do not list items published in Hume Studies. Articles and reviews that appeared in Hume Studies from 1975 through 1993 (volumes 1-19) were comprehensively indexed in the November 1993 issue. Subsequent November issues include an index for that year. The next bibliography, which will cover the Hume literature for 2000, will appear in the November 2001 issue oAHume Studies. Readers are invited to send me notices or offprints of their articles, reviews, editions, anthologies, and
Role of Ca2+ in regulating the level of mitochondrial pyrophosphate. Effect on butyrate oxidation.

Activation of fatty acids to their coenzyme A thioesters results in the concomitant production of pyrophosphate (PPi). PPi is also produced in numerous biosynthetic reactions including nucleic acid synthesis, urea synthesis, cholesterol and phospholipid synthesis, amino acid activation for protein synthesis and UDP-glucose production for glycogen synthesis. Kornberg [I] has proposed that PPi is hydrolyzed in cells to make reactions, that produce PPi, more energetically favorable. It has also been proposed that PPi is involved in respiration in bacteria [2,3] and in mitochondria [4,5]. Skulachev [6] has suggested that PPi may act as an electrochemical potential buffer under certain conditions, and that PPi might be converted to Pi plus electrochemical potential energy. Evidence has also been presented for the transport of PPi across the mitochondrial membrane in exchange for adenine nucleotides via the adenine nucleotide translocase [7-91. of pyrophosphatase activity [12], causes an elevation of intramitochondrial PPi which subsequently inhibits butyrate oxidation. A similar F--dependent response on mitochondrial PPi and fatty acid oxidation has been reported in [ 131.
Identical Twins Raised Apart

Summary This article describes a bivariate data set that is interesting to students. Indeed, this particular data set, which involves twins and IQ, has sparked more student interest than any other set that I have presented. Specific uses of the data set are presented.
Fibroepithelial bladder polyp and renal tubular dysgenesis: an unusual cause of third-trimester oligohydramnios.

The fetal genitourinary tract is evaluated sonographically by visualizing the kidneys, identifying fluid within the bladder, and assessing amniotic fluid volume. Most renal abnormalities associated with oligohydramnios are obstructive uropathies or cystic renal anomalies. Rarely does one consider renal failure as a cause of oligohydramnios and nonvisualization of the bladder in the third trimester. We present an unusual case of a fetus who appeared to have no structural abnormalities on sonography in the midtrimester and who had late-onset oligohydramnios as well as slightly enlarged kidneys and an abnormal-appearing bladder.
Central Nervous System Neoplasms

A. Local effects of tumors 1. Infiltration, invasion, and destruction of normal central nervous system tissues by tumor produces focal neurological signs 2. Mass of tumor produces direct pressure on neural structures causing degeneration (although brain and spinal cord can adjust remarkably to gradually increasing pressure) 3. Compromise of local circulation due to direct pressure on capillaries and small arteries and veins can be associated with local tissue necrosis or more distant infarction 4. Brain edema — usually greatest around tumor; can interfere with functioning of more remote neural tissue, adding to clinical symptoms directly attributable to tumor mass and eventually (usually over period of months) resulting in demyelination and astrocytic hyperplasia in white matter a. Treatment with high doses of corticosteroids can reduce edema b. Osmotic agents (such as intravenous infusion of hypertonic solution of mannitol) can very rapidly decrease intracranial pressure 5. Seizures — tumors involving cerebral cortex can result in focal or generalized seizures 6. Spinal involvement — symptoms depend on level of tumor and whether extramedullary or intramedullary a. Extramedullary tumors — growth outside spinal cord parenchyma produces symptoms related to nerve root compression and bone destruction before spinal cord symptoms b. Intramedullary tumors — because of small size of spinal cord, tumor growth within cord parenchyma presents early as disturbance of spinal cord function (disruption of long tracts and local segmental signs)
The Moderating Role of Friendship Quality on Associations between Autonomy and Adolescent Adjustment.

Both autonomy and friendship quality have consistently been associated with adolescent adjustment. To date, the potentially moderating role of peer relationships in the context of autonomy achievement has received less attention. The present study used observational and quantitative data, as well as multiple reporters, to examine interactions between adolescent friendship quality and observed autonomy among 57 ninth-grade students (42 female). Friendship quality moderated the association between autonomy and relatedness and adjustment outcomes. Specifically, for those adolescents with high levels of friendship quality, autonomy and relatedness as well as undermining of autonomy were not associated with adjustment. In contrast, friendship quality functioned as a protective factor for adolescents with low levels of autonomy and relatedness or higher levels of undermining autonomy. Results evidenced the protective function of peer relationships in the context of restricted autonomy.
Effect of Static Pre-stretch Induced Surface Anisotropy on Orientation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Mechanical cues in the cellular environment play important roles in guiding various cell behaviors, such as cell alignment, migration, and differentiation. Previous studies investigated mechanical stretch guided cell alignment predominantly with cyclic stretching whereby an external force is applied to stretch the substrate dynamically (i.e., cyclically) while the cells are attached onto the substrate. In contrast, we created a static pre-stretched anisotropic surface in which the cells were seeded subsequent to stretching the substrate. We hypothesized that the cell senses the physical environment through a more active mechanism, namely, even without external forces the cell can actively apply traction and sense an increased stiffness in the stretched direction and align in that direction. To test our hypothesis, we quantified the extent of pre-stretch induced anisotropy by employing the theory of small deformation superimposed on large and predicted the effective stiffness in the stretch direction as well as its perpendicular direction. We showed mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) aligned in the pre-stretched direction, and the cell alignment and morphology were dependent on the pre-stretch magnitude. In addition, the pre-stretched surface demonstrated an ability to promote early myoblast differentiation of the MSC. This study is the first report on MSC alignment on a statically pre-stretched surface. The cell orientation induced by the pre-stretch induced anisotropy could provide insight into tissue engineering applications involving cells that aligned in vivo in the absence of dynamic mechanical stimuli.
Polyvalent Carbocyanine Molecular Beacons for Molecular Recognitions

Polyvalent carboxylate-terminating near-infrared (NIR) carbocyanine molecular beacons were prepared by homologation of reactive carboxyl groups of the beacon with imino diacetic acid. Their conjugation with unprotected d-(+)-glucosamine gave dendritic arrays of the carbohydrate on an inner NIR chromophore core. In vivo evaluation of the dendritic glucosamine constructs shows enhanced uptake in proliferating tumor cells relative to surrounding normal tissue. The structural framework of these polyvalent beacons permits the amplification by synergistic effects of a variety of bioactive motifs or chemical sensors in molecular recognition interactions without dramatic change of their desirable NIR spectral properties.
Uniform Distributions on the Integers: A connection to the Bernouilli Random Walk

Associate to each subset of the integers its almost sure limiting relative frequency under the Bernouilli random walk, if it has one. The resulting probability space is purely finitely additive, and uniform in the sense of residue classes and shift-invariance. However, it is not uniform in the sense of limiting relative frequency.
Forward and Inverse Displacement Analysis of a Novel Three-Legged Mobile Robot Based on the Kinematics of In-Parallel Manipulators

This paper presents the forward and inverse displacement analysis of a novel three-legged walking robot STriDER (Self-excited Tripedal Dynamic Experimental Robot). STriDER utilizes the concept of passive dynamic locomotion to walk, but when all three feet of the robot are on the ground, the kinematic structure of the robot behaves like an in-parallel manipulator. To plan and control its change of posture, the kinematics of its forward and inverse displacement must be analyzed. First, the concept of this novel walking robot and its unique tripedal gait is discussed including strategies for changing directions, followed by the overall kinematic configuration and definitions of its coordinate frames. When all three feet of the robot are on the ground, by assuming there are no slipping at the feet, each foot contact point are treated as a spherical joint. Kinematic analysis methods for in-parallel manipulators are briefly reviewed and adopted for the forward and inverse displacement analysis for this mobile robot. Both loop-closure equations based on geometric constraints and the intersection of the loci of the feet are utilized to solve the forward displacement problem. Closed-form solutions are identified and discussed in the cases of redundant sensing with displacement information from nine, eight and seven joint angle sensors. For the non redundant sensing case using information from six joint angle sensors, it is shown that closed-form solutions can only be obtained when the displacement information is available from non-equally distributed joint angle sensors among the three legs. As for the case when joint angle sensors are equally distributed among the three legs, it will result in a 16th-order polynomial of a single variable. Finally, results from the simulations are presented for both inverse displacement analysis and the non redundant sensing case with equally distributed joint angle sensors. It was found that at most sixteen forward displacement solutions exist if displacement information from two joint angle sensors per leg are used and one is not used.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Compensator design for multivariable linear systems

The problem of the specification of the order and structure of a linear dynamic compensator in order to obtain arbitrary pole placement in a closed-loop linear system comprised of the compensator in cascade with a linear plant is discussed. A significant application of the theory is to the design of optimal systems in those cases where not all the state variables of the plant can be measured. These results permit a completely algorithmized approach to the design of compensators for linear systems.
Synthesis and two-photon spectrum of a bis(porphyrin)-substituted squaraine.

A chromophore in which zinc porphyrin donors are linked through their meso positions by ethynyl bridges to a bis(indolinylidenemethyl) squaraine core has been synthesized using Sonogashira coupling. The chromophore exhibits a two-photon absorption spectrum characterized by a peak cross section of 11 000 GM and, more unusually, also exhibits a large cross section of >780 GM over a photon-wavelength window 750 nm in width.
Reconstructing Dewey on Power

One of the most enduring criticisms of John Dewey’s political thought is that it is unsuspicious of power. This essay responds to this critique by advancing the claim that power is an integral but implicit element of Dewey’s conception of human experience. Given Dewey’s indirect treatment of power, this essay has two primary tasks. First, it reconstructs and develops an explicit conception of power for Deweyan pragmatism. Second, it evaluates the extent that Dewey’s political and social philosophy is able to criticize power relations. Taken together, I aim to provide a more coherent and realistic defense of the political dimensions of Dewey’s democratic theory. This defense moves Deweyan pragmatism toward a democratic politics that neither elides conflict nor evades power.
Miscibility matrices explain the behavior of gray-scale textures generated by Gibbs random fields

Abstract This paper describes an original approach to the anal-ysis and prediction of graylevel textures generated asequilibrium states of Gibbs/Markov random fields. This approach is physically motivated by the anal- ogy that exists between the graylevel textures and themiscibility patterns of multiphase flows. The physicsof the situation is captured using miscibility matricesthat are related to the co-occurrence matrices classi-cally used for texture discrimination. Simulations areprovided to motivate and illustrate our approach. 1 Introduction This paper describes an original approach to the analysis and prediction of graylevel textures gener-ated as equilibrium states of Gibbs/Markov (MRF)random fields. This approach is physically motivated by the analogy that exists between the grayleveltextures and the miscibility patterns of multiphaseflows. The physics of the situation is captured us-ing miscibility matrices that are related to the co- occurrence matrices classically used for texture dis-
Cancers of the anogenital region in renal transplant recipients. Analysis of 65 cases.

There is a 100-fold increase in the incidence of carcinomas of the vulva and anus in renal transplant recipients compared with the general population. Anogenital (anus, perianal skin, and external genitalia of both sexes) carcinomas occurred in 65 of 2150 renal transplant recipients who presented with 2298 different types of malignancy. Two-thirds of the patients were female and one-third male. They were much younger than persons with similar tumors in the general population. The average age of the females at the time of diagnosis was 37 years (range, 20–64) and of the males, 45 years (range, 34–62). The neoplasms occurred late after transplantation, an average of 88 months (range, 9–215), compared with an average of 56 months (range, 1–225.5) for all other post-transplant malignancies. The lesions involved the vulva, penis, scrotum, anus, or perianal area. Two patients also had involvement of the urethral meatus. In several female patients, there was a “field effect” with multiple tumors of the squamous epithelium of the anogenital area, vagina, or uterine cervix. Lesions ranged from in situ carcinomas (in one-third of the cases) to those with invasion of adjacent organs and lymph node metastases. Treatment varied from local excisions to radical vulvectomy, abdominoperineal resection, or penile resection, sometimes combined with excision of the inguinal lymph nodes. In several patients, there was a previous history either of condyloma acuminatum or herpes genitalis, suggesting a possible viral etiology of these tumors. Cancer 58:611-616, 1986.
A colorimetric assay for 7-dehydrocholesterol with potential application to screening for Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome

Abstract Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome (SLOS; MIM 270400) is a genetic disorder characterized by hypocholesterolemia and elevated 7-dehydrocholesterol (7DHC) levels resulting from mutations affecting 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase. We describe a colorimetric assay for 7DHC with potential application to large-scale screening for SLOS. Reaction of 7DHC and its esters with the Liebermann–Burchard reagent resulted in a brief initial absorbance at 510 nm (pink color) followed by an absorbance at 620 nm (blue color) after 2 min, while cholesterol samples were essentially colorless. The assay could identify typical SLOS blood samples by their pink color and increased absorbance at 620 nm after 2 min. Colorimetric identification of mild SLOS cases requires monitoring of the transient absorbance at 510 nm, which must be detected immediately after rapid, consistent mixing of the reagents. The need for special mixing devices and rigorous validation precludes sporadic use of the assay for diagnosing suspected SLOS cases. We also studied the stability of 7DHC in dried SLOS blood spots on Guthrie cards, which are widely used for archiving neonatal blood. Decomposition of 7DHC was effectively retarded by storage at low temperature and by precoating of the cards with antioxidants. The combined results provide a foundation for development of a simple, automated test for SLOS screening.
Gender Differences in the Pattern and Progression of Substance Use in Conduct‐Disordered Adolescents

Female adolescents (n = 40) and male adolescents (n = 42) with conjoint conduct disorder and substance abuse were compared to elucidate differential substance use and abuse patterns and to determine the probability and rate of transition from alcohol and drug use to a DSM-III-R diagnosis of abuse/dependence. It was found that young women were more likely to have experimented with nonprescription diet pills and caffeine. Young men, on the other hand, were more likely to have experimented with snuff or chewing tobacco. Women more frequently had a diagnosis of nicotine dependence and were at greater risk than men to qualify for that diagnosis. Women started drinking alcohol at a later age than men, although the age at which they qualified for a diagnosis of alcohol abuse/dependence did not differ. The interval between alcohol use and a diagnosis of alcohol abuse/dependence was shorter for women than men. Furthermore, compared to the men, the women exhibited a shorter interval between cannabis use and a diagn...
Dichlorobenzene Ionization Energies

Electron propagator calculations on the lowest 14 vertical ionization energies of the para, meta, and ortho isomers of dichlorobenzene are performed using the OVGF and P3 approximations, where Feynman−Dyson amplitudes are equivalent to canonical molecular orbitals. Cl p orbitals destabilize the e1g set of benzene to produce the molecular orbitals associated with the two lowest ionization energies. Holes corresponding to four higher final states have mostly Cl 3p character. The remaining molecular orbitals strongly resemble their benzene counterparts, but significant Cl admixtures are present in most cases. Previous assignments for m-dichlorobenzene are confirmed, and remaining uncertainties in the ortho and para spectra are resolved. Basis sets with up to 304 contracted functions are used. Agreement with experimental ionization energies is close.
YBP1 and its homologue YBP2/YBH1 influence oxidative-stress tolerance by nonidentical mechanisms in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the transcription factor Yap1p is a central determinant of resistance to oxidative stress. Previous work has demonstrated that Yap1p is recruited from the cytoplasm to the nucleus upon exposure to the oxidants diamide and H2O2 in a process that requires the transient covalent linkage of the glutathione peroxidase Gpx3p to Yap1p. Genetic and biochemical analyses indicate that while both oxidants trigger nuclear accumulation of Yap1p, the function and regulation of this transcription factor is different under these two different oxidative stresses. Ybp1p (Yap1p-binding protein) has recently been demonstrated to be required for Yap1p-mediated H2O2 resistance but not diamide resistance. A Ybp1p homologous protein (Ybh1p/Ybp2p) was also detected in the S. cerevisiae genome. Here we compare the actions of these two closely related proteins and provide evidence that while both factors influence H2O2 tolerance, they do so by nonidentical mechanisms. A double mutant strain lacking both YBP1 and YBH1 genes is more sensitive to H2O2 and more defective in activation of Yap1p-dependent gene expression than either single mutant. Ybp1p has a more pronounced effect on these phenotypes than does Ybh1p. Protein-protein interactions between Yap1p and Ybp1p could be detected by either the yeast two-hybrid or coimmunoprecipitation approach while neither technique could demonstrate Yap1p-Ybh1p interactions. Overexpression experiments indicated that high levels of Ybh1p but not Ybp1p could bypass the H2O2 hypersensitivity of a gpx3Δ strain. Together, these data argue that these two homologous proteins act as parallel positive regulators of H2O2 tolerance.
Vibrational spectra of lead alkyls and triethylbismuth

Abstract A technique has been developed which permits the irradiation of lead alkyls and other unstable compounds with intense 4358-A mercury light at so low temperatures that photochemical decomposition is negligible. More or less strongly exposed Raman spectra of tetramethyllead, trimethylethyllead, dimethyldiethyllead, methyltriethyllead, tetraethyllead, tetraethyllead-d20 and triethylbismuth, all in the liquid state, were photographed with a three-prism glass spectrograph of reciprocal linear dispersion of 15 A/mm at 4358 A. A weakly exposed Raman spectrum of crystalline tetramethyllead was also obtained. To supplement available data, the infrared spectra in the region from 3 to 25 μ were obtained of liquid methyltriethyllead, tetraethyllead, and tetraethyllead-d20, with the aid of a Perkin-Elmer Model 112 double-pass spectrometer. The assignments of vibrational fundamentals for tetramethyllead made by previous workers have been somewhat revised and extended. For the other alkyls, which undoubtedly exist in several conformations, a partial interpretation of the vibrational spectra has been made. Some striking peculiarities of the spectra are pointed out and discussed.
Prenatal Diagnosis of a Fetus with Unbalanced Translocation (4;13)(p16;q32) with Overlapping Features of Patau and Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndromes

Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) and Patau syndrome are two of the most severe conditions resulting from chromosome abnormalities. WHS is caused by a deletion of 4p16, while Patau syndrome is caused by trisomy for some or all regions of chromosome 13. Though the etiologies of these syndromes differ, they share several features including pre- and postnatal growth retardation, microcephaly, cleft lip and palate, and cardiac anomalies. We present here a female fetus with deletion of 4p16 → pter and duplication of 13q32 → qter due to unbalanced segregation of t(4;13)(p16;q32) in the father. She displayed overlapping features of both of these syndromes on ultrasound. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a fetus with both partial trisomy 13 and deletion of 4p16, the critical region for WHS.
Quadrupolar echo double resonance (QEDOR) and solid echo double resonance (SOLEDOR) NMR

Abstract We propose two new double resonance experiments that are sensitive to internuclear dipolar couplings, namely Quadrupolar Echo DOuble Resonance (QEDOR) and SOLid Echo DOuble Resonance (SOLEDOR). The experiments are explained by analysis of the spin evolution during the pulse sequences, and are demonstrated for deuterium–proton double resonance experiments with partially deuterated polycrystalline glycine. In addition to molecular dynamics information normally obtained from the standard quadrupolar echo experiment, the QEDOR experiment is able to provide information about the local molecular surroundings by probing heteronuclear dipolar interactions. We have illustrated this with experiments on single-phase and phase-separated samples of tetrahydrofuran clathrate hydrate.
Plasma levels of interleukin-6 and its soluble receptor are associated with prostate cancer progression and metastasis.

Objectives. Elevated circulating levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6) have been associated with cancer metastasis. IL-6 binds either to membrane or to soluble IL-6 receptor (IL-6sR), which then induces homodimerization of gp130 that activates downstream signaling. We tested the hypothesis that preoperative plasma IL-6 and IL-6sR levels are associated with prostate cancer stage, progression, and metastasis after radical prostatectomy. Methods. Plasma levels of IL-6 and IL-6sR were measured in 120 consecutive patients who underwent radical prostatectomy for clinically localized prostate cancer, 44 healthy men without any cancer, 19 men with prostate cancer metastatic to the regional lymph nodes, and 10 men with prostate cancer metastatic to bone. Results. Plasma IL-6 and IL-6sR levels were highest in patients with bone metastases (P <0.001). The preoperative IL-6 and IL-6sR levels were associated with the preoperative prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level (P ≤0.041), prostatectomy tumor volume (P ≤0.048), and final Gleason sum (P ≤0.042). The preoperative IL-6 and IL-6sR levels and biopsy Gleason sum were independent predictors of PSA progression (P ≤0.029). However, in a model that included both IL-6 and IL-6sR, only IL-6sR and the biopsy Gleason sum predicted progression (P ≤0.040). In patients whose disease progressed, the preoperative IL-6 and IL-6sR levels were highest in those with presumed aggressive failure (P ≤0.042). Conclusions. Plasma IL-6 and IL-6sR levels were dramatically elevated in the men with prostate cancer metastatic to bone. In patients with clinically localized prostate cancer, the preoperative plasma IL-6 and IL-6sR levels independently predicted biochemical progression after surgery, presumably because of an association with occult metastatic disease present at the time of radical prostatectomy.
Hornblende content of Georgia-South Carolina, U.S.A., nearshore sands: support for shoreward sediment transport in the nearshore zone

Core top samples from 51 box cores taken about 1 km apart in several transects off Hilton Head Island, South Carolina, and Tybee, Wassaw and Ossabaw Islands, Georgia, have been analyzed for heavy-mineral composition of acid-insoluble 3-2 φ fractions to determine hornblende content, and for acid-soluble (principally calcium carbonate plus carbonate fluorapatite) content, and grain size data for acid-insoluble sand and gravel fractions (< 4 φ) and for unacidified samples. Heavy-mineral contents of acid-insoluble 3-2 φ fractions range from 0.2 to 2.3%, with hornblende and epidote the most abundant heavy minerals. Individual hornblende and epidote abundances range from 16.2 to 52.0%. Hornblende and epidote contents vary antithetically, with maxima in hornblende content and minima in epidote content at nearshore and offshore ends of transects, and with minima in hornblende content and maxima in epidote content over middle portions of transects. Ilmenite is the most abundant opaque mineral identified, with abundances from 1.3 to 24.5%. Ilmenite maxima are associated with hornblende minima at several stations off Hilton Head and Tybee Islands, apparently due to winnowing. Acid-insoluble residues are very fine to fine (4-2 φ) sands, with very fine sand (Recent) dominant within 5 km of shore and fine sand (relict, or palimpsest) most abundant farther offshore. Acid-soluble contents in our study area are < 25% of total sample weight for nearly all samples analyzed, and are often < 15%. High hornblende contents at seaward ends of transects indicate shoreward transport of hornblende-rich sediments from the adjacent inner continental shelf. Low hornblende contents in middle portions of transects indicate dilution of hornblende-rich sands by hornblende-poor Coastal Plain sediments derived from Coastal Plain rivers, and exposed by shoreface erosion 4–8 m deep, and by tidal inlet erosion. High hornblende contents at nearshore ends of transects reflect contribution of hornblende-rich sediment from Piedmont rivers to the nearshore zone.
Functional differences between two shock-induced aggressive behaviors of mice

Five groups of male mice were given either isolation or grouped housing conditions or fight training as manipulations of social backgrounds prior to 5 days of shock-induced aggression under conditions resembling the rat paradigm for shock aggression. Three groups were given similar fight training but different levels of shock intensity during the shock trials. Shocks moderate in intensity as compared to very low intensity shocks produced more biting attacks and upright postures and maintained aggressiveness. Raising the shock intensity further produced fewer biting attacks, more upright postures, and a decline in aggressiveness. Biting attacks proved to be a more discriminating measure of differences created by different social backgrounds than the upright postures.
Transplantation of 2 UCB units in adults

Comment on Barker et al, page [1343][1] In this issue, Barker and colleagues at the University of Minnesota report stem cell transplantation procedure outcomes in 23 adults and adolescents with high-risk hematologic malignancies, treated with fully ablative conditioning prior to infusion of 2
Perceived Opportunity, Ethnic Identity, and Achievement Motivation among Latinos at a Selective Public University.

Using in-depth interview data, this study explored perceptions of opportunity, ethnic identity beliefs, and motivation orientations among Latino students at a selective university. One profile is characterized by individualistic achievement motivations, feelings of exemption from social barriers, and a sense of alienation from other Latinos. Students in the second profile reported a strong affiliation with Latinos and were motivated to ameliorate perceived group disparities. Students in the third profile felt connected to Latinos but were not personally motivated by perceived inequities. These profiles demonstrate the heterogeneous ways in which Latino students draw upon their ethnicity to negotiate pathways through college.
The Influence of Test Scores and Naturally-Occurring Pupil Characteristics on Psychoeducational Decision Making with Children.

Abstract A computer simulation of psychoeducational decision making was used to study the extent to which the assessment and decision-making process differs for different kinds of students, the extent to which naturally-occurring pupil characteristics (appearance, sex) influence diagnostic outcomes, and the extent to which decision makers perceive different assessment information and pupil characteristics as influencing their decisions. The decision-making process did not differ as a function of differences in referral information. While SES, sex and physical appearance did not affect outcome decisions, the nature of the reason for referral did. Scores on achievement tests, intelligence tests, and the disparity between the two were rated as having the greatest influence on the eligibility, classification, and prognostic decisions that were made. Decision makers said they were not influenced by naturally-occurring pupil characteristics.
Glucagon-like peptide-1 therapy and the exocrine pancreas: innocent bystander or friendly fire?

In the present edition of Diabetologia, Nachnani and colleagues report that rats treated with the glucagon-like-peptide-1 (GLP-1) mimetic, exendin-4, for 75 days developed low-grade pancreatitis [1]. The obvious question is whether low-grade pancreatitis is also present in humans treated with synthetic exendin-4 (exenatide) or other GLP-1-based therapies? The paper by Nachnani et al. is a timely addition to an area of growing interest and controversy in which, at present, there are more questions than answers.
Hyperfine tensors of [bis(maleonitriledithioleato)nickel]-.

The hyperfine tensors to the various nuclei of the ion [bis(maleonitriledithioleato)nickel]- have been calculated. Calculations have been performed with various theoretical models and have used various basis sets. The hybrid density functional (B3) methods gave the best results, when used with a triple-ζ basis set (6-311G). On the whole, the results are satisfactory, but the 61Ni hyperfine tensor is not calculated especially well.
Rapid identification and screening of proteins from whole cell lysates of human erythroleukemia cells in the liquid phase, using non-porous reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography separations of proteins followed by multi-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry analysis and sequence database searching

Non-porous reversed phase (NPRP) high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has been used as a rapid method to separate proteins from whole cell lysates of human erythroleukemia (HEL) cells. Using phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) as a lysis buffer to extract proteins from HEL cells, more than 100 proteins of molecular weight up to 30 kDa were separated by the NPRP HPLC method, using a programmed acetonitrile:H2O gradient. The separated proteins were collected as liquid fractions as they eluted, and were further separated on the NPRP column with a different gradient to separate coeluting peaks. The isolated protein fractions were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) to determine the molecular weight of the protein. The proteins were cleaved by chemical or enzymatic digestion to produce peptide maps, which were analyzed by pulsed delayed extraction MALDI-MS. The peptide maps were matched against a database search to determine the protein identity. In some cases, several enzymes were used in order to find exactly one match against the database. This methodology is demonstrated for several proteins isolated from HEL cells and identified via database matching.
The Relationship Between State Government Performance and State Quality of Life

Abstract This article examines the relationship between government performance and quality of life in the American states. We contend that the management capacity of state governments should have direct, tangible impacts on the overall social and economic well‐being of state citizenry. In order to test this idea, we examine the influence of state management capacity (using the 1999 Government Performance Project grades), alongside other economic and political variables, on two prominent measures of state quality of life—The Morgan Quitno “Most Livable State” Index and State Policy Reports' (SPP) “Camelot Index.” We find that both state economic conditions and governmental policy priorities have significant impacts on state performance levels. But, our results clearly indicate that the management capacity of state governments also contributes directly to improving the overall quality of life for state citizens. #A version of this article was presented at the Annual Meeting of the Western Political Science ...
Subcortical damage and white matter disconnection associated with non-fluent speech

Sir, In a recent paper published in Brain , Dronkers and colleagues (2007) re-examined the brain damage in two historic patients of P. Paul Broca, Leborgne and Lelong, who had lost the ability to speak following brain damage. The observation of these cases lead Broca to suggest that the left inferior frontal lobe (later coined Broca's area) is the crucial lesion location associated with acquired motor speech impairment. Utilizing high resolution MRI, Dronkers and colleagues observed that the brain damage in both of Broca's cases extend further subcortically than Broca could have observed, therefore, suggesting that the critical lesion location for motor speech production is not restricted to the inferior frontal gyrus. In particular, the authors demonstrated that the superior longitudinal fasciculus was damaged in both cases, arguing that this lesion may also have affected Broca's patients’ speech production. This timely examination by Dronkers et al. combines a historical perspective and …
Computerization of a population projection model based on generalized age-dependent branching processes: a connection with the Leslie matrix

Abstract The population projection model based on generalized age-dependent branching processes developed by Mode and Busby (1981) involves the solution of a large number of renewal type equations. It is shown that these equations may be solved recursively. Such a solution has two implications. One is that the projection model may be very efficiently computerized. Second, the recursive algorithm developed has striking similarities to two traditional methods of population projection used by demographers: the Leslie matrix and cohort component methods. The results presented here associate traditional projection techniques with the theory of age-dependent branching processes.