cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cigarette smoking: how much worse can it get?

The barrage of negative information about cigarette smoking seems never ending. In addition to the association between cigarette smoking and the development of coronary heart disease, chronic lung disease, and many forms of cancer, we now learn that patients who continue smoking after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) have a smaller benefit in quality of life and functional status than patients who did not smoke and patients who quit after the procedure. The meticulous work of Cohen and colleagues1 documents this phenomenon beyond any doubt, and their information can be readily translated into direct discussions with patients. Because most PCIs are performed in circumstances in which substantial survival benefit is not a realistic expectation, the major reason for doing such procedures is to improve functional status. A patient who continues to smoke after PCI receives about one-half the benefit as someone who stops smoking and only one-third the benefit as someone who never smoked. This study brings to mind several issues that may be worthy of consideration by readers of Circulation . First, why do we not measure important ancillary issues more often when we do a …
The adult form of acid maltase (alpha-1. 4-glucosidase)deficiency

A 31-year-old man who had had slowly progressive proximal limb and trunk muscle wasting and weakness for seven years presented with pneumonia related to weak respiratory muscles. Histochemical and electron microscopical study of biopsies from deltoid and quadriceps muscles showed lysosomal storage of glycogen as well as ENnervation and reinnervation, implying primary disease both of muscle and of lower motoneurons. Electromyographic activity suggested a denervating process. Activity of acid λ-1,4-glucoside (acid maltase) was severely ENcreased in muscle and urine. Neutral maltase activity and glycogen content were normal in muscle. The findings in this patient suggest that in the adult from of acid maltase deficiency a significant neurogenic component may contribute to muscle wasting and weakness, presumably because of involvement of spinal motoneurons.
Estimating document frequencies in a speech corpus

Inverse Document Frequency (IDF) is an important quantity in many applications, including Information Retrieval. IDF is defined in terms of document frequency, df (w), the number of documents that mention w at least once. This quantity is relatively easy to compute over textual documents, but spoken documents are more challenging. This paper considers two baselines: (1) an estimate based on the 1-best ASR output and (2) an estimate based on expected term frequencies computed from the lattice. We improve over these baselines by taking advantage of repetition. Whatever the document is about is likely to be repeated, unlike ASR errors, which tend to be more random (Poisson). In addition, we find it helpful to consider an ensemble of language models. There is an opportunity for the ensemble to reduce noise, assuming that the errors across language models are relatively uncorrelated. The opportunity for improvement is larger when WER is high. This paper considers a pairing task application that could benefit from improved estimates of df. The pairing task inputs conversational sides from the English Fisher corpus and outputs estimates of which sides were from the same conversation. Better estimates of df lead to better performance on this task.
Effect of discharge rate on charging a lead-acid battery simulated by mathematical model

To simulate lead-acid battery (LAB) charging has never been an easy task due to the influences of: (1) secondary reactions that involve gas evolution and recombination and grid corrosion, (2) prior end-of-discharge (EOD) and rest conditions; and (3) complexity caused by charging algorithm. In this work, successful results have been obtained with considerations of internal oxygen cycle and gas phase in the valve-regulated lead-acid (VRLA) cells. The success is first attributed to the satisfactory validation of a mathematical model that has been able to simulate discharge regimes with various rates consistently. The model has been subsequently used to simulate a galvanostatic charge regime performed at C/10. The results give a better understanding of the role each electrode played in the polarization, the nature of the polarization (constituted by reaction kinetics and mass transport), and the charging efficiency. We were able to extrapolate the simulation results to rates beyond what the model has been validated for, and the results are still consistent, confirming some experimental observations, notably the maximum charging rate specified by most LAB manufacturers.
Environments for development

This chapter considers Robert Kegan's concept of holding environments, as well as six steps necessary for creation of new or adaptation of existing learning environments that facilitate adult development across the life course.
Culture and Disability in Sexuality Studies: A Methodological and Content Review of Literature

Disabilities impact individuals across all demographic groups, resulting in multiculturalism within the culture of disability. Several years ago researchers within the area of disabilities studies noted a tendency to overlook the cultural heterogeneity within their samples of individuals with disabilities and called for greater awareness. It is unclear to what degree research psychologists as well as other disciplines have heeded the call to adopt a cultural lens when studying populations with disabilities. A methodological and content review of sexuality and disability studies was conducted to evaluate how researchers are conceptualizing and presenting cultural data. Recent articles in four leading disability journals from 2002 to 2006 were reviewed, yielding 54 studies and over 11,000 participants. The content analysis found tremendous inconsistency in the collection style and reporting of cultural information (e.g. gender, race, ethnicity, socio-economic status, sexual orientation). Results indicate ethnic minorities may continue to be under-recruited and understudied in the disability and sexuality literature.
Tuned Vibration Absorbers For Floating Bodies

A preliminary feasibility study is made of the efficiency of tuned vibration absorbers for reducing response of floating bodies, such as offshore platforms, barges, and so on, to random ocean waves. The absorbers are submerged spring-loaded flaps, with stiffnesses of the springs being adjusted for tuning to any specific (rigid-body) mode of the platform (heaving, pitching, etc.), whereas actual design of the flaps should provide the desired amount of drag-induced damping. Mean square response analysis of the system is made for the case of a narrow-band random excitation due to ocean waves by using method of moments in conjunction with statistical linearization (with Gaussian closure) for quadratic damping term. Extensive parametric study is made of the efficiency of vibration control through the use of absorbers, as represented by the root-mean-square (RMS) response reduction factor. In particular, the efficiency increases with the absorber/platform mass ratio, and it may be of some practical importance e...
Intravenous lorcainide for symptomatic ventricular tachyarrhythmias: comparison with lidocaine and oral lorcainide.

Abstract Intravenous lorcainide and lidocaine were administered to 25 patients with symptomatic ventricular tachyarrhythmias in a randomized single-blind crossover study. Prior to drug therapy, each patient underwent 48 hours of ambulatory monitoring and exercise testing on a motorized treadmill. At the completion of baseline studies, patients were randomized to receive either lidocaine or lorcainide intravenously. The dose of lidocaine was 1.0 mg/kg by bolus followed by an infusion of 2 to 3 mg/min. The dose of lorcainide was 2.0 mg/kg followed by a constant infusion of 200 to 300 mg over 24 hours. Two patients developed side effects on lidocaine and the infusion was discontinued prior to evaluation of efficacy. Of the remaining 23 patients, 11 (48%) had their arrhythmia controlled, defined as a >90% reduction in repetitive forms (couplets and ventricular tachycardia) and a 50% reduction in ventricular premature beats. Lorcainide was effective in 8 of the 25 patients (32%). There was no correlation between the effect of lidocaine and the response to lorcainide ( p = NS). Oral lorcainide therapy was administered to 17 patients who were free of side effects during the intravenous infusion. The oral drug was effective in nine patients (53%), five of whom had responded to the intravenous drug, and was ineffective in eight, seven of whom were also unresponsive to intravenous lorcainide. The intravenous drug predicted the response to the oral form in 71% of patients, but this was not statistically significant. Side effects occurred in 10 patients (59%) and were primarily neurologic. In conclusion, intravenous lidocaine and lorcainide are equally effective for suppressing ventricular arrhythmias, but 30% of patients will respond to only one of these agents. Oral lorcainide is an effective agent for long-term therapy, but its effect is not reliably predicted by the response to the intravenous preparation, as 30% of patients have discordant responses. Side effects from lorcainide are frequent and may limit its usefulness.
Quark-bag model with low-energy pion interactions. I. Theory

A standard method for restoring chiral symmetry in the bag model is to introduce an explicit external pion field. Questions of the consistency and compatibility of this method with the assumptions of the static-cavity approximation of the bag model are discussed. An approximate version of the model is justified. It is argued that consistency requires treating pion-induced quark-pair creation and annihilation at the bag surface as a zeroth-order process in pion-coupling perturbation theory. An approximation treating these pairs as an inward extension of the pion field is discussed. The resulting model gives an improved value of ${g}_{A}$.
Clinical estimation of liver size.

1. Studies were undertaken to determine the reliability of evaluating hepatic projection below the thoracic cage and determining anterior linear surface projections of this organ in estimating liver size. Graphic visualization with I131 rose bengal scintiscans was used as a reference. Results indicate hepatic projection below the costal margin does not provide an accurate assessment of hepatic surface area. In contrast, anterior linear surface measurements provide a reliable index to liver size and should be used routinely in clinical practice. Scintiscans are also of practical value since they provide an objective record of liver size, facilitate detection of minimal hepatomegaly, and permit evaluation of liver size in patients with obesity, ascites, and physical deformities which interfere with physical measurements.
Effect of finite boundaries on the Stokes resistance of an arbitrary particle

A general theory is put forward for the effect of wall proximity on the Stokes resistance of an arbitrary particle. The theory is developed completely for the case where the motion of the particle is parallel to a principal axis of resistance. In this case, the wall-effect correction can be calculated entirely from a knowledge of the force experienced by the particle in an unbounded fluid, providing (i) that the wall correction is already known for a spherical particle and (ii) that the particle is small in comparison to its distance from the boundary. Experimental data are cited which confirm the theory. The theory is extended to the wall effect on a particle rotating near a boundary.
Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus: Concentration, partial purification, inactivation and immunogenicity

Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) TC-84 vaccinal virus, from 10-1. quantities of infected duck embryo fibroblast cell culture fluids, was isolated by combined continuous-flow centrifugation with isopycnic banding in sucrose. Most of the recovered infectivity and hemagglutinating activity were in a single band at a buoyant density (rho) of 1.2. About 90% of the total input protein (450-520 mg) was removed with the effluent, whereas most of the remaining 10% also banded at a rho of 1.2. Infectivity was inactivated with formalin at a final concentration of 0.05% at 37 degrees C for 24 hr. Formalin-inactivated virus retained its immunogenicity and induced VEE virus-specific antibody in horses and guinea pigs. The horses and those guinea pigs that received equivalent doses of vaccine survived after a challenge of their immunity with virulent VEE virus.
Nesting Biology and Immatures of the Oligolectic Bee Trachusa larreae (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini)

ABSTRACT Herein we report on the nesting biology of ground-nesting Trachusa (Heteranthidium) larreae (Cockerell) from New Mexico and Arizona, an oligolege of creosote bush, Larrea tridentata (DC.) Coville (Zygophyllaceae). Nests are single, slanting, open burrows at the lower end of which are horizontal cells lined with resin collected from creosote bush, also the source of the orange, mealy-moist provisions. Eggs are placed on the surface of the provisions, and the first three instars remain in the same position as the eggs from which they hatched. The fourth instar separates its body from the provisions, and only the fifth (final larval) instar moves around the brood chamber while consuming remaining provisions and defecating prior to cocoon spinning. It is suggested that middorsal body tubercles and an integumental body vestiture of short setae and setiform spicules restricted to this instar are adaptations enabling the movement of the fifth instar not only of this species but possibly those of other M...
Strain-promoted "click" chemistry for terminal labeling of DNA.

1,3-Dipolar [3 + 2] cycloaddition between azides and alkynes—an archetypal “click” chemistry—has been used increasingly for the functionalization of nucleic acids. Copper(I)-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions between alkyne-tagged DNA molecules and azides work well, but they require optimization of multiple reagents, and Cu ions are known to mediate DNA cleavage. For many applications, it would be preferable to eliminate the Cu(I) catalyst from these reactions. Here, we describe the solid-phase synthesis and characterization of 5′-dibenzocyclooctyne (DIBO)-modified oligonucleotides, using a new DIBO phosphoramidite, which react with azides via copper-free, strain-promoted alkyne–azide cycloaddition (SPAAC). We found that the DIBO group not only survived the standard acidic and oxidative reactions of solid-phase oligonucleotide synthesis (SPOS), but that it also survived the thermal cycling and standard conditions of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). As a result, PCR with DIBO-modified primer...
In the shadow of biomedicine: self medication in two Ecuadorian pharmacies.

Abstract In Ecuador, as in most Third World nations, thousands of different prescription-only pharmaceuticals can be bought without a doctor's prescription. But how often does self medication actually occur? This study documents 619 prescription drug sales in two Ecuadorian pharmacies. In 51% of these sales, customers in fact present no prescription. Many of the drugs sold this way have serious side effects and must be used with care. Ecuadorian law greatly restricts information on drug packaging about side effects, indications, contraindications, schedule and dosage. Although the pharmacies differ with respect to self medication rates, drug choices, and clerk-customer interactions, both show the existence of a ‘shadow system of biomedicine’ in which prescription drugs are used without physician consultation. In view of the dominant role that transnational corporations play in Third World pharmaceuticals usage, this analysis incorporates a political economic perspective.
Clinical comparison of four anticholinergic drugs.

Forty-six peptic ulcer patients were treated in successive courses with four anticholinergic drugs: Banthine, Prantal, Antrenyl, and a code preparation. Drug A. Clinical trial was given to each medication for periods of one or more months.
Two types of virus-like particles in the bean leaf beetle, Cerotoma trifurcata☆☆☆

Abstract Two types of virus-like particles were observed in the cytoplasm of hemocytes of the bean leaf beetle, Cerotoma trifurcata . The polyhedral particles were 37–40 nm in diameter and were usually in a crystalline array. They were often associated with granular and laminated structures. The enveloped, spherical particles were 70–75 nm in diameter and were composed of three parts: an outer envelope, a central electron-dense core, and an electron-lucent space between the envelope and the central core. The envelope was similar in structure to the membranes of the cell organelles. These particles were also associated with granular and filamentous structures which were distinct from those associated with the nonenveloped, smaller, polyhedral particles. The nonenveloped particles were recovered in large amounts from partially purified preparations from beetles that contained the particles in thin sections and from soybean loopers, Pseudoplusia includens , which were injected with partially purified preparations from beetles.
Growth cone advance mediated by fibronectin-associated filopodia is inhibited by a phorbol ester tumor promoter.

Abstract In serum-supplemented medium, exposure to the tumor promoter 4β-phorbol 12β-myristate 13α-acetate (PMA) increases the proportion of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells with neurites and increases the average neurite length. In the present study, under serum-free conditions, PMA treatment had the opposite effects, i.e., retarded neurite sprouting and partially inhibited neurite elongation. This inhibition in neurite outgrowth was partially antagonized by the addition of serum fibronectin (FN) to the medium or substratum. In the absence of PMA, SH-SY5Y cells grown under serum-free conditions showed extensive neurite outgrowth as well as the capacity to secrete FN into their microenvironment and form FN-containing substratum-attachment sites. Immunogold labeling and whole mount transmission electron microscopy (WMTEM) demonstrated FN-containing contact pads at sites where filopodia attached to the substratum and focal plaques on the underside of growth cone margins. The appearance and abundance of FN-containing contact pads and focal plaques were increased by the addition of exogenous FN to defined medium. Focal plaques appeared in close association with microfilament bundles, and nearly always with bundles that projected into filopodia attached to the substratum by contact pads. A method for immunolabeling FN in the filopodial contact pads of living cultures provided more direct evidence that filopodia and contact pads have a major role in FN-mediated attachment and are central in determining growth cone shape and the rate and direction of advance. In support of this view, we show that PMA treatment retards neurite sprouting, alters growth cone morphology and motility, and eliminates the appearance of microfilament bundles, filopodia, and FN-containing substratum-attachment plaques.
Analysis of the structure of dimeric DNA catenanes by electron microscopy

We analyzed the structure of open-circular and supercoiled dimeric DNA catenanes generated by site-specific recombination in vitro. Electron microscopy of open-circular catenanes shows that the number of duplex crossings in a plane is a linear function of the number of catenane interlinks (Ca/2), and that the length of the catenane axis is constant, independent of Ca. These relationships are similar to those observed with supercoiled DNA. Statistical analyses reveal, however, that the conformations of the individual rings of the catenanes are similar to those of unlinked circles. The distribution of distances between randomly chosen points on separate rings depends strongly on Ca and is consistent with a sharp decrease in the center-of-mass separation between rings with increasing Ca. Singly linked supercoiled catenanes are seen by microscopy to be linked predominantly through terminal loops in the respective superhelices. The observations suggest that chain entropy is a major factor determining the conformation of DNA catenanes.
Early gain in body mass with continuous positive airway pressure therapy for obstructive sleep apnea

Many clinicians believe that continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with a decrease in body mass, but to date, studies generally suggest long-term stability in body mass after 1 year. We have seen body mass increase after 4 weeks of treatment with CPAP in most patients with OSA. In this study, we test the hypothesis that therapy of OSA with CPAP produces a short-term gain in body mass, and look for physiological correlates to suggest an underlying mechanism. Retrospective analysis of 218 consecutive patients treated for sleep apnea at a community-based sleep center. A total of 152 patients met the criteria for study conclusion. After 1 month of CPAP treatment, 119 subjects (78%) gained mass, including 81% of men and 73% of women. As a group, subjects on CPAP gained 1.4±2.5 kg (mean±SD). The Epworth Sleepiness Scale was reduced after 1 month of CPAP therapy. There was no correlation between gain in body mass and measured parameters. A subgroup of 71 patients remained on therapy. They demonstrated a gain in mass at 4 weeks, which did not persist at 6 months. CPAP treatment of OSA is associated with gain in body mass at 1 month but not 6 months of therapy. The nature of this gain in mass remains unknown. We believe the gain is due to increased vascular volume, and might represent an early marker of physiological benefit of CPAP. This article includes a review of potential mechanisms for early increase in body mass with CPAP.
Rollout Policies for Dynamic Solutions to the Multivehicle Routing Problem with Stochastic Demand and Duration Limits

We develop a family of rollout policies based on fixed routes to obtain dynamic solutions to the vehicle routing problem with stochastic demand and duration limits VRPSDL. In addition to a traditional one-step rollout policy, we leverage the notions of the pre-and post-decision state to distinguish two additional rollout variants. We tailor our rollout policies by developing a dynamic decomposition scheme that achieves high quality solutions to large problem instances with reasonable computational effort. Computational experiments demonstrate that our rollout policies improve upon the performance of a rolling horizon procedure and commonly employed fixed-route policies, with improvement over the latter being more substantial.
The RRA algorithm: recursive ray acoustics for three-dimensional speeds of sound

A recursive ray acoustics (RRA) algorithm for three-dimensional speeds of sound is presented. The RRA algorithm is simple, fast, and accurate and uses arc length as the independent variable. In its present form, it can be used to compute the position, angles of propagation, travel time, and path length along a ray path. Preliminary results from computer simulation studies designed to test the algorithm's accuracy and capabilities are also presented. >
Advice giving in contested space

Shortly after the ratification of the peace accords, the national museum of Northern Ireland created an exhibition on the legacy of The Troubles, a term used to refer to the previous 30 years of violent civil strife. This exhibition aimed to address the conflicted understanding of this time period through the inclusion of multiple stories, artifacts representing both communities, and ongoing input from museum visitors. As anticipated, the exhibition was contested even prior to its opening. An evaluator was contracted to assess visitor satisfaction and learning outcomes, and provided with an evaluation advisory group (EAG) that consisted of two high-ranking museum staff and a high-ranking museum professional who had worked on regional and national issues for museums. This case study will describe how this EAG provided the necessary political coverage to allow the evaluation to be designed, carried out, and used. ©Wiley Periodicals, Inc., and the American Evaluation Association.
Fast Resonance Shifting as a Mechanism of Dynamic Instability Illustrated by Comets and CHE Trajectories

: An interesting process is described where a particle can very rapidly jump between different resonance orbits about the Earth, where the resonances are with respect to the Moon. This was discovered numerically in 1988, and until recently there was no way to prove its validity. Recent results with Brian Marsden and the author have proven that comets are performing this dynamics about the Sun in resonances with Jupiter. The fast resonance shift, termed the hop, occurs in a region of sensitive dynamics where weak capture occurs. The hop provides an interesting mechanism for instability of motion in the n-body problem, n > 2. Although most of this paper is survey in nature, some new results are presented on special capture-hop-escape trajectories, CHEs, which may have relevance to the Birkhoff conjecture. The significance of the weak capture region about the Moon was demonstrated in 1991 when a Japanese spacecraft arrived there on a new low-energy transfer.
The Relationship of Sleep Disturbances and Fatigue in Multiple Sclerosis

Background Fatigue is experienced by most patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and often is profoundly debilitating. No large-scale studies to our knowledge have examined circadian rhythm abnormalities in MS patients or the relationship of fatigue to circadian rhythms. Objective To determine if patients with MS and fatigue have sleep disturbances or circadian rhythm abnormalities associated with fatigue. Design Case-control study. Setting Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo. Patients Fifteen patients with MS and fatigue were compared with 15 patients with MS without fatigue and 15 age- and sex-matched, healthy controls. Main Outcome Measures Sleep disturbances and circadian rhythm abnormalities were quantitated by actigraphy, fatigue by the Fatigue Descriptive Scale, and excessive sleepiness by the Epworth Sleepiness scale (ESS). Results Of the 15 fatigued patients with MS, 2 had delayed sleep phase, 10 had disrupted sleep, and 3 had normal sleep. One of the 15 nonfatigued MS patients had irregular sleep cycles, 2 others had disrupted sleep, and 12 had normal sleep. All 15 of the healthy controls had normal sleep. Nine patients with MS and fatigue scored 10 or higher on the ESS, suggesting excessive daytime sleepiness. Only 2 patients with MS without fatigue scored higher than 10 on the ESS. None of the healthy controls were fatigued, and 14 were not excessively sleepy. A relationship was found between fatigue and abnormal sleep cycles or disrupted sleep (Fisher exact test, P = .003). There was also a relationship between subjective excessive daytime sleepiness and fatigue in MS patients ( P = .02). Conclusion There is a significant correlation between fatigue in MS patients and disrupted sleep or abnormal sleep cycles.
Parental control in Latino families : An integrated review of the literature

Using social information processing and cultural change models as explanatory frameworks, this article reviews the literature on Latino parental control and its implications for child development. It is argued that the use of parental control in Latino families may have motivational roots in cultural childrearing goals such as familismo (familism), respeto (respect), and educacion (moral education). Consideration of these underpinnings, in conjunction with psychological and methodological issues, helps to explain variability in the use of Latino parental control and its effect on child development. Recommendations for future research include refinement of control and acculturation instruments, and attention to both contextual and individual variables.
Checksum-based concurrent error detection in linear analog systems with second and higher order stages

The problem of concurrent error detection in a class of linear analog systems containing second and higher order stages is discussed in this paper. Individual stages of such systems have transfer functions whose denominators contain the terms s/sup 2/,s/sup 3/,. . ., where s is the complex frequency of the transfer function H/sub i/(s) of the i'th stage. Such systems are widely used to realize a variety of analog and switched-capacitor filters and control systems. The author assumes that a fault can cause the value of a passive circuit component to deviate from its normal value, result in a short or an open line or change the operating characteristics of the operational amplifiers. A small amount of additional hardware is used to perform error detection, its size being virtually independent of the size of the circuit on which error detection is to be performed. Further, the sensitivity of the error detection scheme to changes in the component values can be easily adjusted. >
Assessment of the reliability of physical measures

Assessment of the reliability of physical measures that yield continuous data (e.g., physiological measures such as blood pressure and anthropometric measures such as weight) should include the following statistics and procedures: mean, minimal and maximal differences; standard deviation of the net differences; technical error of measurement; and clinically meaningful indices of agreement. Displaying differences graphically and using Exploratory Data Analysis are excellent methods of summarizing differences. In those situations where any measurement error is important, regardless of its direction, the absolute value of the differences should be used to describe average differences. Correlation coefficients are not recommended because they are not adequate tests of reliability.
Using information about machine failures to control flowlines

We study the problem of using information about the type of machine failures to control production. When each station in a two stage flowline has a single machine, the processing time distributions are Erlang, and the time to fail as well repair a machine are exponentially distributed; we show that the optimal policy for controlling the flowline is completely specified by selecting a produce up to level called threshold level corresponding to each type of machine failure. These threshold levels are shown to be ordered as per the rate at which the failed downstream station can be repaired. These results are partially extended to the case when there are multiple machines at the two stations of the flowline. We then summarize numerical results that illustrate when it is worth while to use information about failures in controlling inputs to the flowline.
Antimicrobial activity of chicken NK-lysin against Eimeria sporozoites

NK-lysin is an antimicrobial and antitumor polypeptide that is considered to play an important role in innate immunity. Chicken NK-lysin is a member of the saposin-like protein family and exhibits potent antitumor cell activity. To evaluate the antimicrobial properties of chicken NK-lysin, we examined its ability to reduce the viability of various bacterial strains and two species of Eimeria parasites. Culture supernatants from COS7 cells transfected with a chicken NK-lysin cDNA and His-tagged purified NK-lysin from the transfected cells both showed high cytotoxic activity against Eimeria acervulina and Eimeria maxima sporozoites. In contrast, no bactericidal activity was observed. Further studies using synthetic peptides derived from NK-lysin may be useful for pharmaceutical and agricultural uses in the food animal industry.
Runtime power monitoring in high-end processors: methodology and empirical data

With power dissipation becoming an increasingly vexing problem across many classes of computer systems, measuring power dissipation of real, running systems has become crucial for hardware and software system research and design. Live power measurements are imperative for studies requiring execution times too long for simulation, such as thermal analysis. Furthermore, as processors become more complex and include a host of aggressive dynamic power management techniques, per-component estimates of power dissipation have become both more challenging as well as more important. In this paper we describe our technique for a coordinated measurement approach that combines real total power measurement with performance-counter-based, per-unit power estimation. The resulting tool offers live total power measurements for Intel Pentium 4 processors, and also provides power breakdowns for 22 of the major CPU subunits over minutes of SPEC2000 and desktop workload execution. As an example application, we use the generated component power breakdowns to identify program power phase behaviour. Overall, this paper demonstrates a processor power measurement and estimation methodology and also gives experiences and empirical application results that can provide a basis for future power-aware research.
Chronological Resolution in Distributional Archaeology

The paradigmatic changes in archaeology during the 1960s and 1970s saw refocusing of research interests from culture-historical problems to issues of human adaptation and attendant shifts in research design, from concentration on single sites to a concern with entire regions. Early in these considerations, some archaeologists concerned with the prehistory of mobile hunter-gatherers recognized that the study of land use, adaptation, and processes leading to stability or change could not be conducted solely in terms of regional site records (e. g., Thomas 1971, 1975; Dancey 1973, 1974). Undoubtedly, those aspects of land use that contributed rather small quantities of material remains to the archaeological record that might be widely dispersed over space was an important analytic domain. They suggested instead that artifacts, all artifacts, rather than sites become the focus of discovery and analysis. We refer to this perspective as distributional archaeology, although other terms like nonsite approach (Thomas 1975) and off-site archaeology (e. g., Foley 1981a) are presently in use.
Foster Kennedy syndrome due to meningioma growth during pregnancy

Tumors of the olfactory groove may cause unilateral optic atrophy with contralateral papilledema and anosmia (Foster Kennedy syndrome). We describe a case of a young pregnant woman with Foster Kennedy syndrome due to an olfactory groove meningioma.
The Stiller-Smith Engine: Floating Gear Analysis

The Stiller-Smith Engine employs a non-standard gear train and as such requires a closer examination of the design and sizing of the gears. To accomplish this the motion of the Stiller-Smith gear train is compared to more familiar arrangements. The results of a kinematic and dynamic analysis introduce the irregular forces that the gears are subjected to. The ''floating'' or ''trammel'' gear is examined more closely, first stochastically and then with finite element analysis. This pinpoints high stress concentrations on the gear and where they occur during the engine cycle. The configuration considered is an output shaft, negligible idler gear forces, and floating gear pins that are part of the connecting rods rather than the floating gear. Various loading techniques are discussed with possible ramifications of each.
Generalized Nonlinear Balance Criteria and Inertial Stability

Abstract The connections between the concept of nonlinear balance and the classical criterion of inertial stability are explored in the context of historical work on this subject. New analytic results are derived establishing that ellipticity and inertial stability are, in general, separate and distinct measures of balanced flows, even in the case of gradient flow. In particular, nonlinear balance is violated more for weaker anticyclonic flows than is inertial balance. These conclusions are supported by analysis of observational data. A hierarchy of nonlinear balance criteria is constructed, which ranges from ellipticity to “realizability” conditions first obtained by Petterssen and Kasahara. Expressions interrelating all the nonlinear balance criteria and inertial stability are derived, clarifying the relationship between the Petterssen criterion, Kasahara’s realizability, and inertial stability. The balance-criteria hierarchy is tested for cyclonic and anticyclonic conditions using a nonlinear inviscid ...
On numerical evaluation of power density spectra of random functions

This correspondence explains the reason for obtaining negative estimates for power density spectra in numerical calculations. The major source of error is not what is ordinarily believed a precision problem [1] in the computer program. The main error lies in using the usual Fourier cosine transform definition which is no longer valid for numerical work. A more appropriate definition is suggested.
Conscience and Context: the Popish Plot and the Politics of Ritual, 1678–1682*

The Popish Plot is the proper starting point for a reassessment of society and culture in late seventeenth-century England. The origins of the plot have become increasingly obscure, primarily because historians have made the erosion of Calvinist religious values and belief a defining characteristic of social and political change after the Restoration. John Kenyon has argued that the plot was an instance of mass hysteria, with its roots in the overcrowded, rumour-infested environment of London. Having identified post-Restoration nonconformity with cranks mentally ‘unhinged’ by the civil wars and the Great Fire, Kenyon interprets the plot as an obvious fabrication foisted on a paranoid and credulous nation by adventurers and religious extremists. Christopher Hill, in rare agreement with Kenyon, sees the decline of the religious approach to politics until ‘by the time of the Popish Plot it had degenerated into a stunt manipulated by cynical politicians’.
Ultrasound Diagnosis of Type A Aortic Dissection

Abstract Background: An aortic dissection is a life-threatening process that must be diagnosed and treated expeditiously. Imaging modalities used for diagnosis in the emergency department include computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and trans-esophageal echocardiography. There are significant limitations to these studies, including patient contraindications (intravenous contrast dye allergies, renal insufficiency, metal-containing implants, hemodynamic instability) and the length of time required for study completion and interpretation by a radiologist or cardiologist. Objectives: A case is presented that demonstrates how emergency physicians can use trans-thoracic and abdominal bedside ultrasound to diagnose a type A aortic dissection. Case Report: A 72-year-old woman presented with chest pain radiating to her neck and back that was concerning for aortic dissection. This was subsequently confirmed and further classified as a type A dissection by bedside emergency physician-performed ultrasound. The images showed a clear intimal flap in the abdominal aorta, a dilatated aortic root, and extension of the intimal flap into the left common carotid artery. With prompt diagnosis, the patient was able to have emergent surgical consultation, confirmatory imaging, and intervention before further complication occurred. Conclusion: This case provides an example of how emergency trans-thoracic and abdominal ultrasound can be used to promptly diagnose a type A aortic dissection and expedite further consultation and prompt management.
The lineages of Stylocellidae (Arachnida: Opiliones: Cyphophthalmi)

The taxonomy of the Southeast Asian mite harvestman family Stylocellidae is updated in light of new molecular and mor-phometric phylogenies, examinations of type specimens, and a new species from Thailand. A new genus, Giribetia gen. nov., is erected, and Fangensis insulanus Schwendinger & Giribet, 2005, recombined in it as Giribetia insulana new comb. All species in the genus Stylocellus have been recombined in Miopsalis and Leptopsalis, except for the type species, S. sumatranus Westwood, 1874, and a new species, S. lornei, sp. nov., described here. The new recombinations of former Stylocellus species are as follows: Leptopsalis pangrango (Shear, 1993), new comb., Leptopsalis sedgwicki (Shear, 1979), new comb., Leptopsalis laevichelis (Roewer, 1942), new comb., Miopsalis globosa (Schwendinger & Giribet, 2004), new comb., Miopsalis kinabalu (Shear, 1993), new comb., Miopsalis leakeyi (Shear, 1993), new comb., Miopsalis mulu (Shear, 1993), new comb., and Miopsalis pocockii (Hansen & Sorensen, 1904), new comb. “Stylocellus” spinifrons Roewer, 1942 is now designated as nomen dubium, as the sole type specimen has been found to be a juvenile. Two newsubfamilies are proposed, each with two genera: Fangensinae subfam. nov., containing Fangensis and Giribetia, and Lep-topsalinae subfam. nov., containing Leptopsalis and Miopsalis. The subfamily sensu strictu Stylocellinae contains the remaining two genera: Stylocellus and Meghalaya
Venous Testing, Non-Invasive and Invasive

Traditional clinical testing is helpful in determining the general nature of venous problems. However, these techniques have become largely obsolete in today’s practice of phlebology. Contemporary non-invasive testing methods provide precise information about the anatomic and physiologic changes found in venous disease. This knowledge in turn allows the clinician to make better judgments in planning appropriate, individualized treatment.
The Energy System and Economic Imbalances in the USSR

This article examines the severe structural and geograpic imbalances imposed on the Soviet economy by the demands and priorities of the energy complex; it also deals with imbalances manifest within the energy system itself. The feasibilities of policy change and prospect for success in energy conservation under Gorbachev are briefly assessed. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: 052, 124, 723.
American independent cinema: rites of passage and the crisis image

Given American independent cinema’s mainstream ‘indiewood’ status, is it still possible for these films to offer an experience of something else? How does contemporary American independent cinema b...
Moniliasis with Meningeal Involvement

Fatal cases of moniliasis are of such infrequency that their recording in any event seems worth while, and when a case is complicated by meningeal invasion, it becomes apparently unique, as is seen from a fairly careful combing of the literature, and for that reason especially significant. It is interesting to note how infrequently involvement of the central nervous system by any of the higher forms of bacteria, or fungi imperfecti, occurs. Only scattered references can be found in the literature. The most common of these infections is that by Torula histolytica. Since Stoddard and Cutler' s 1 report of two cases in 1916, about thirty additional cases have been recorded, in twenty-four of which the infection was confined to the central nervous system. Smith and Crawford 2 recently compiled these reports, and their bibliography is the most complete to date. Blastomycotic infections of the meninges have been recorded, notably by Badham,3 Swift and Bull,4 Williams 5 of Australia and Caspar 6 in the United States. Hyslop, Neal, Kraus and Hillman 7 described a case of sporotrichosis meningitis and cited about ten cases recorded in the Italian literature with five others from miscellaneous sources. Cann and Hallis s recently reported a case of actinomycotic meningitis in a girl of 9 years, and said that Hobert had found reports of twenty-five other cases in the literature, none of them proved culturally. Rembridge 9 and co-workers isolated a new species of Endomyces from a case of meningitis. No instances of Monilia infection of the
Photosensitivity reactions in various diseases.

Photosensitivity is a prominent feature of various disease states. The author discusses this reaction in relation to porphyria, lupus erythematosus, pellagra, aging, carcinogenesis, xeroderma pigmentosum, solar urticaria, polymorphic light eruptions and drug-induced photosensitivity. Most cases can be managed successfully by education of the patient, protection of the skin with clothing and sunscreens, and use of appropriate systemic medications. Antimalarials are most effective in polymorphic light eruptions and discoid lupus erythematosus.
Analysis of the British Riots of 2011

The response of the British elite cultural institutions to the riots of August 2011 was that they were caused by British society itself. This accusation antedated the riots and provided an ideological framework for them. As an expression of Oedipal dynamics, civilization requires that aggression either be repressed, by being turned into guilt, or suppressed by legitimized power. Holding the society guilty, as in anti-Oedipal dynamics, leaves room for the outward expression of aggression, in this case on the part of the rioters. The police hesitated to suppress the riots because they had been required to turn their aggression inward, as guilt, regarding matters of race. The roots of this are explored through analysis of the finding of “institutional racism” by the Macpherson inquiry into the police treatment of the murder of Stephen Lawrence.
Varicella-Zoster Virus and Ramsay Hunt Syndrome

Fifty two children, aged 2 to 15 years, diagnosed with Ramsay Hunt syndrome (RHS) in a 20 year period between 1976 and 1996 are reported from the Facial Nerve Clinic, Ehime University Hospital, Japan.
Blood Money Death, Sacrifice, and Money in Plato’s Republic

Contemporary responses to Plato’s Republic rarely examine its complex relationship to festivals and sacrifice. Recovering the importance of the festival to Plato’s concerns, this article reveals Pl...
Pediatric adrenocortical neoplasms: immunohistochemical expression of p57 identifies loss of heterozygosity and abnormal imprinting of the 11p15.5

Diagnosis of adrenocortical neoplasms (ACN), in pediatric age, is based on Wieneke criteria. The p57, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, acts to negatively regulate cell proliferation and is frequently found dysregulated in cancer. The identification of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of 11p15, containing the p57 gene, could be a tool for differential diagnosis of benign and malignant ACN. Immunohistochemistry with anti-p57 and microsatellite markers analysis of 11p15 region to value LOH were made in both ACN and surrounded normal adrenal cortex. Nine ACN, two clinically benign, two uncertain, and five malignant, were diagnosed. Positive p57 cells were evident in normal adrenal cortex and in one histologically benign ACN. A low/absent expression of p57 was documented in eight ACN independently from the classification on the basis of pathological and clinical criteria. Microsatellite marker analysis confirmed the LOH of 11p15 region in the same ACN. LOH of 11p15 has a high prognostic value suggesting the p57 gene is important in ACN pathogenesis. Immunohistochemistry for p57 is a simple and cheap tool that can be used to quickly identify LOH of 11p15 in ACN.