cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Randomization Analyses: Mimicry, Geographic Variation and Cultural Evolution of Song in Brood‐Parasitic Straw‐Tailed Whydahs, Vidua fischeri

Although bird song has been an important model for investigating questions of behavior development, cultural evolution and population differentiation, the quantitative methods of analysis have been problematic. Here we develop and apply quantitative randomization methods to test hypotheses about these processes in a natural population of birds. Songs of the African brood-parasitic straw-tailed whydahs (Vidua fischeri) and songs of their host species, the purple grenadier (Granatina ianthinogaster), were compared in audiospectrograms for similarity to test the following hypotheses: Whydahs mimic the songs of their host species, they have local song dialects, neighboring males match their song themes, local males match the songs of local hosts, remote populations have different songs according to their geographic distance, and songs undergo cultural evolution over time across generations. Randomization analyses were completed using (1) Mantel matrix statistics and (2) tree-based measures employing Sankoff optimization of Manhattan matrices and approximate randomizations. Our results provide evidence for song mimicry, local song dialects, matching song themes between neighboring males, song matching of local whydah mimics and grenadier song models, correspondence of song differences and geographic distance, and cultural continuity with change in song traditions within a local population. These randomization methods may be useful in other studies of animal communication, and they are sufficiently general for use both with distance matrices derived either from naturalistic impressions of song similarity as in our example or from acoustic measurements.
Selection of data analysis techniques for data mining applications

Multivariate statistical techniques are used to analyze complex data sets with many independent and dependent variables. The dataset may be analyzed for relationships among variables based on correlation, significance of group differences based on variance and covariance, prediction of group membership, and prediction of empirical or theoretical structure of the data. The choice among the available multivariate analysis techniques for each of these research questions is based on the nature of the variables, the number of independent and dependent variables and if the independent variables can be considered as covariates. This paper describes a software tool that can assist researchers in selecting the appropriate data analysis technique based on the research needs of the data. The data analyses techniques discussed in this paper are discriminant function analysis, multi-way frequency analysis and logistic regression. The structure underlying a dataset is based on multivariate approaches such as principal components analysis, factor analysis and structural equation modeling. The paper illustrates the software tool on the Fisher's Iris data set.© (2004) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
MOTIVELESS FIRESETTING : IMPLICATING PARTIAL LIMBIC SEIZURE KINDLING BY REVIVED MEMORIES OF FIRES IN LIMBIC PSYCHOTIC TRIGGER REACTION

23 unselected juvenile firesetters (M age 12.0 yr.) consisted of seven with schizophrenia, three with organic mental disorder, six with posttraumatic stress disorder, two with severe mental retarda...
Electron hopping dynamics in Au38 nanoparticle langmuir monolayers at the air/water interface.

The electron-transfer dynamics between nanoparticles has been studied as a function of interparticle distance by in situ voltammetry of well-defined monolayers of a metal quantum dot nanoparticle Au38(hexanethiolate)24. The interparticle distance is precisely controlled by the Langmuir technique and addition of various lengths of dithiol linkers (HS(CH2)nSH; n = 5, 6, 8, and 9). Voltammograms of Au38 monolayers display a well-defined single-electron charging peak that increases remarkably with decreasing the interparticle distance. The diffusion coefficient and rate constant calculated from the peak current for core−core electron hopping reaction both exponentially increase respectively, from 3.3 × 10-10 to 5.2 × 10-9 cm2/s and 2.2 × 104 to 5.0 × 105 s-1 as the distance decreases from 13.3 to 9.5 A and then levels off at 8.0 A. These rate constants are in good agreement with the literature values, demonstrating that the present experimental approach provides a powerful way to investigate the correlation b...
Reducing plasma HIV RNA improves muscle amino acid metabolism.

We reported (Yarasheski KE, Zachwieja JJ, Gischler J, Crowley J, Horgan MM, and Powderly WG. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 275: E577–E583, 1998) that AIDS muscle wasting was associated with an inap...
VEGF enhances functional improvement of postinfarcted hearts by transplantation of ESC-differentiated cells

Despite considerable advances in medicine, the incidence of heart failure remains high in patients after myocardial infarction (MI). This study investigated the effects of engrafted early-different...
Monte Carlo floating random walk solution of Poisson's equation

The floating random Monte Carlo method is presented as a means of solving Poisson's equation. The mathematical basis of the floating random-walk method is the mean value theorem of potential theory in conjunction with Green's function. The method is illustrated with two typical problems in rectangular and axisymmetric solution regions. The floating walks give a fairly accurate solution and require less time than the fixed random walks. >
Continuously tunable compact single-mode quantum cascade laser source for chemical sensing

We demonstrate a compact, single-mode quantum cascade laser source continuously tunable over 8% of its center wavelength of 9 mum. We integrate the source into a compact mid-infrared spectrometer for absorption spectroscopy of liquids and gases.
Setting and origin for problematic rocks from the >3.7 Ga Isua Greenstone Belt, southern west Greenland: Earth’s oldest coarse clastic sediments

Abstract Whether or not coarse detrital sedimentary rocks occur within the >3.7 Ga Isua Greenstone Belt (IGB), southern west Greenland, has been debated for some time. Repeated, regional metamorphic, deformational, and metasomatic events have obscured most protolith lithologies leading to misunderstandings about the stratigraphy and environments of deposition. Rocks here interpreted as meta-conglomerate crop out in a fault-bounded structural domain that is lower in strain relative to adjacent domains. The meta-conglomerate has a strike length of ∼1 km and is ∼10 m thick. Bed thickness ranges from 10 cm to more than 1 m, and beds may be either framework- or matrix-supported. A poorly sorted and variably rounded polymict assemblage of framework clasts consisting of meta-chert, BIF, and a variety of mafic volcanic rock fragments are set into a matrix of biotite+quartz+garnet schist; clast compositions indicate reworking of adjacent stratigraphic units. A lack of structural similarity in framework clasts, range of grain sizes, range of rounding, and polymict composition demand a primary sedimentary origin for the deposit. Inferred depositional processes include traction and debris flow, which would be consistent with subaerial or shallow subaqueous environments, although the limited extent of the meta-conglomerate warrants interpretational caution.
Trans‐plane fluid permeability measurement and its applications in liquid composite molding

This work discusses tow independent methods to measure and analyze the trans-plane fjuid permeability of various fiber reinforcements. In the unidirectional flow method, the measured injection pressure and flow rate, together with a one-dimensional Darcy's law were used to calculate the trans-plane permeability of fiber mats was independent of flow rate only at low injection pressure. Flow-induced fiber mat permeability change occurred when the injection pressure exceeded the clamping pressure. Measured permeability in conjunction with a three-dimensional mold filling computer program was used to simulate the effect of stacking sequence for a combination of different fiber mats on the mold filling pattern. Finally, a method is proposed to simplify the simulation of a three-dimensional flow through the fiber perform.
Participation in Liberal Democracy: The Political Assimilation of Immigrants and Ethnic Minorities in the United States

This article compares patterns of participatory behavior in politics among immigrants and ethnic minorities in the United States. Differences in rates of participation in a range of political activities from system-directed acts, such as voting and contacting officials, to more direct forms of participation, such as protesting, are analyzed for Whites, African Americans, Latinos, and Asian Americans, as well as by generation of immigration within groups. The extent to which standard socioeconomic status models of participatory behavior explain variation in political activity across ethnic and racial groups is assessed. In so doing, the article challenges the normative interpretation of the results from these standard models that more participation among minorities and new entrants to the United States is desirable.
ATP-Sensitive K+ Channels, Adenosine, and Nitric Oxide–Mediated Mechanisms Account for Coronary Vasodilation During Exercise

Abstract—We previously reported that combined blockade of adenosine receptors and ATP-sensitive K+ channels (K+ATP channels) blunted but did not abolish the response of coronary blood flow to exercise. This study tested the hypothesis that the residual increase in coronary flow in response to exercise after adenosine receptor and K+ATP channel blockade is dependent on endogenous NO. Dogs were studied at rest and during a four-stage treadmill exercise protocol under control conditions, during K+ATP channel blockade with glibenclamide (50 μg · kg−1 · min−1 IC) in the presence of adenosine receptor blockade with 8-phenyltheophylline (8-PT, 5 mg/kg IV), and after the addition of the NO synthase inhibitor NG-nitro-l-arginine (LNNA, 1.5 mg/kg IC). During control conditions, coronary blood flow was 49±3 mL/min at rest and increased to 92±8 mL/min at peak exercise. LNNA alone or in combination with 8-PT did not alter resting coronary flow and did not impair the normal increase in flow during exercise, indicating ...
Collisional ion energy distribution (IED) model for single frequency capacitive discharges

Summary form only given. The distributions of particles on substrate surfaces are very important for materials processing, and it is valuable to develop fast computation models to predict and control them. A model is developed to determine the ion energy distribution (IED) from the tool measurements in a single-frequency driven capacitive discharge in a collisional sheath regime. The sheath width and sheath voltage are estimated from the external control parameters by an analytical model (M.A. Lieberman and A.J. Lichtenberg, 2005). The results are verified very well by 1D particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations. The ion mean free path is considered to be a known function of energy, and the sheath voltage and sheath width are independent of time and position in preliminary work. It is found that with various dependences of the ion mean free path on energy, the IEDs exhibit markedly different profiles. To verify our collisional sheath model with PIC simulations and experiments, it is necessary to consider rf-driven collisional sheath dynamics.
Genetic Interaction Between Integrins and moleskin, a Gene Encoding a Drosophila Homolog of Importin-7

The Drosophila PS1 and PS2 integrins are required to maintain the connection between the dorsal and ventral wing epithelia. If αPS subunits are inappropriately expressed during early pupariation, the epithelia separate, causing a wing blister. Two lines of evidence indicate that this apparent loss-of-function phenotype is not a dominant negative effect, but is due to inappropriate expression of functional integrins: wing blisters are not generated efficiently by misexpression of loss-of-function αPS2 subunits with mutations that inhibit ligand binding, and gain-of-function, hyperactivated mutant αPS2 proteins cause blistering at expression levels well below those required by wild-type proteins. A genetic screen for dominant suppressors of wing blisters generated null alleles of a gene named moleskin , which encodes the protein DIM-7. DIM-7, a Drosophila homolog of vertebrate importin-7, has recently been shown to bind the SHP-2 tyrosine phosphatase homolog Corkscrew and to be important in the nuclear translocation of activated D-ERK. Consistent with this latter finding, homozygous mutant clones of moleskin fail to grow in the wing. Genetic tests suggest that the moleskin suppression of wing blisters is not directly related to inhibition of D-ERK nuclear import. These data are discussed with respect to the possible regulation of integrin function by cytoplasmic ERK.
Spontaneous deposition of Pt on the Ru(0001) surface

Spontaneous deposition of Pt on a Ru(0001) single crystal surface has been demonstrated by in situ scanning tunneling microscopy and linear sweep voltammetry techniques. The immersion of a ultra-high vacuum (UHV) prepared Ru single crystal in a platinum-ion-containing solution results in the formation of monolayer-to-multilayer Pt deposits without application of an external potential. The coverage and morphology of the Pt deposit depend on the concentration of platinum ions and the time of immersion. This simple method can be applied to Pt deposition on Ru nanoparticles, which can considerably reduce Pt loading in Pt/Ru electrocatalysts. The electrochemical behavior of such Pt/Ru(0001) bimetallic surfaces depends on the coverage of the Ru electrode and amount and morphology of the Pt deposit, which indicates a pronounced electronic modification of the Pt adlayer due to a strong Pt/Ru interaction.
Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis—A Prospective Study of 49 Women and Treatment Outcomes with Steroid Therapy

n Abstract: Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is an infrequently reported benign breast disease of unknown etiology. Surgical treatment has been widely advocated but can be disfiguring. We describe demographic and clinico-pathologic features of women with IGM in a safety net hospital, and evaluate steroid therapy as a breast-conserving modality of treatment. We also examine a possible ethnic predominance in Hispanic women. We conducted an observational prospective cohort study of all women with biopsy-proven granulomatous mastitis in the breast clinics of an urban safety net public hospital from 2006 to 2010. Demographic, ethnic and clinical data, treatment history, and response to treatment were collected. Patients were followed up prospectively to determine the type of treatment prescribed, complete resolution of disease, and median time to resolution. A nested case–control study was conducted to examine Hispanic prevalence using chi-square statistic. The mean age was 35 years. 80% were Hispanic. 80% presented with a painful breast mass. 59% initially received antibiotics with incomplete resolution. 90% women were prescribed oral steroids, 3% underwent surgical treatment, and 6% remained under observation with spontaneous resolution. Of those who received steroid, 80% had complete resolution of disease with a median time to complete resolution of 159 days (IQR 120–241 days). Ethnicity data in a nested case–control study revealed that women in the IGM group were more likely to be Hispanic than in the control group with an odds ratio of 3 (95% CI 1.42–6.24, p-value 0.0032). IGM is a benign but locally aggressive breast disease. Treatment with steroids is an effective breast-conserving option. Predominance in Hispanic women of childbearing age suggests a common genetic, environmental, immunologic, or infectious etiology and warrants further study with a multi-disciplinary approach. n
The C Terminus of AvrXa10 Can Be Replaced by the Transcriptional Activation Domain of VP16 from the Herpes Simplex Virus

The avirulence gene avrXa10 of Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae directs the elicitation of resistance in a gene-for-gene manner in rice lines carrying the resistance gene Xa10. We have localized a transcriptional activator domain in the C terminus of AvrXa10 by using amino acid replacement mutagenesis. One mutant, with replacements at three hydrophobic amino acid residues in the C-terminal domain, was defective for transcriptional activation in yeast and avirulence activity in rice. The activation domain from the herpes virus protein VP16 restored the ability of the bacteria expressing the hybrid protein to elicit a resistance reaction. Elicitation was specific for Xa10, and the reaction had the hallmarks of the response to AvrXa10. The results indicate that a domain with the properties of a transcriptional activator plays a critical role in AvrXa10 function. The results also indicate that the protein has the potential to interact with the plant transcriptional program, although a role for the domain in the stability or conformation of the protein in the plant cannot be excluded. In a broader sense, the transcriptional activation domain of avrXa10 may represent a prokaryotic version of the acidic transcriptional activation domain, which heretofore has been found exclusively in eukaryotes.
Factors Determining Outcome for Breast-Conserving Irradiation with Margin-Directed Dose Escalation to the Tumor Bed

Abstract Purpose: A prospectively applied treatment policy for breast-conserving therapy used margin assessment as the exclusive guide to the intensity of therapy directed at the tumor-bearing quadrant. Methods and Materials: From 1982–1994, there were 509 treated Stage I and II breast carcinomas with a median follow-up of 72 months. For operational purposes, tumor excision margins were prospectively defined as: > 5 mm, 2.1–5 mm, > 0 ≤ 2 mm, and positive. If a margin was assessed as ≤2 mm or indeterminate, and it was deemed cosmetically feasible, a reexcision of the tumor bed would be performed. All patients received whole breast irradiation to 50–50.4 Gy. The following scheme for tumor bed boost irradiation as a function of final margin status (FMS) was observed: (a) Minimal risk = no tumor found on reexcision, no boost performed; (b) low risk = FMS > 5 mm, boost of 10 Gy; intermediate risk = FMS 2.1–5 mm, boost to 14 Gy; high risk = FMS ≤ 2 mm or positive, boost to 20 Gy. Cases were analyzed for local failure (LF) with respect to histology (invasive ductal (IDC), IDC with associated DCIS (IDC/DCIS), invasive lobular (ILC)), age, tumor size, total excision volume, reexcision, total dose, tamoxifen therapy, and chemotherapy. Results: There were 19 breast recurrences for a Kaplan–Meier local failure rate for all cases at 5 and 10 years of 2.7% and 7.1%, respectively. Local failure in the first 4 years of follow-up was rare, with a mean annual incidence rate of 0.25% that rose to a mean of 1.1% in subsequent years. Univariate results of Cox proportional hazards regression survival models found positive FMS (p = 0.02), IDC/DCIS (p = 0.04) and age (0.0006) as significantly associated with local failure. In a multivariable model of FMS and IDC/DCIS, FMS retained significance (p = 0.01) but IDC/DCIS was borderline (p = 0.06). When FMS and age were included in a multivariable model, there was a significant interaction (p = 0.01) between the two variables. There was a significant increase in the relative risk of LF for age ≤ 45 years (range 11.1–17.4), irrespective of FMS category. Although excellent overall control rates were achieved for patients > 45 years, for younger patients LF rates appeared to remain proportional to the relative closeness of the FMS, despite rigorous dose escalation. Conclusions: Graded tumor-bed dose escalation in response to FMS results in an exceptionally low risk of “early” local recurrence within the first 5 years of follow-up. However, this strategy is unable to completely overcome the longer term adverse influence of young age and positive FMS.
Biomass and Effects of Airborne Ultrafine Particulates: Lessons About State Variables in Ecology

Ecological science has long had problems with theory progress, partly because there is no clear account of how ecological systems evolve. Moreover, such a deterministic account may never be possible, given the evolutionary foundations of ecology, its complexity and uniqueness, the absence of natural kinds in biology, and no universal species concepts to fix properties determining species membership. Given this situation, how is theory progress in ecology possible? This short article suggests one way.
Rifampin protection against experimental graft sepsis

Abstract The risk of infection in vascular prosthetic conduits appears to be greatest in the perioperative period and the organism most frequently found is Staphylococcus aureus . Previous work suggests that antibiotics must be chemically bonded to the material to resist rapid washout caused by the flow of blood through the graft. The exception to this is rifampin, which remains fixed in Dacron prostheses after passive addition of the agent to aliquots of blood used to clot the interstices of porous Dacron grafts. This characteristic of rifampin is presumed to be caused by its poor water solubility. This potential infection resistance was challenged in a standard model of a canine infrarenal aortic graft by intravenous infusion of S. aureus organisms (10 7 ) in the perioperative period. The grafts of five animals were preclotted with 9 ml of autogenous blood plus 1 ml of rifampin (60 mg/ml). A second group had similar procedures with 1 ml of cefazolin (238 mg/ml) substituted for the rifampin, and a control group had 1 ml of saline solution added to the 9 ml aliquot of blood. The animals were killed at 3 weeks and examined for clinically apparent infection. Rings of the graft material were also removed aseptically and cultured. All five grafts preclotted with cefazolin had clinical and culture evidence of infection (S. aureus) , as did the grafts of three of the five control dogs. None of the grafts preclotted with rifampin was infected (p
Ceramide Signaling in the Coronary Microcirculation: A Double-Edged Sword?

Under basal conditions, ≈90% of the resistance to blood flow in the heart occurs in the small arteries and arterioles that make up the coronary microcirculation.1 Microvascular resistance is primarily determined by vessel density and lumen diameter. The latter is highly dynamic in the healthy heart and facilitates large changes in flow to meet increases in myocardial oxygen consumption during stress. Variations in the vascular tone of coronary microvessels results from vasodilator and vasoconstrictor signals that arise in response to physical forces, neurohormonal, and endothelium-derived substances, as well as metabolic mediators released from cardiac myocytes. Of these, vasodilation from increased shear stress or flow-induced dilation provides an important means of communication among various segments of the vasculature to regulate changes in local perfusion more accurately.2 An increasing number of studies have demonstrated that coronary microvascular dysfunction can contribute to precipitating myocardial ischemia and ventricular dysfunction in the absence of coronary artery disease (CAD).3,4 Of equal importance, impaired flow-induced responses predict cardiovascular events in patients with established cardiovascular disease, as well as in asymptomatic subjects.5 Article, see p 525 Although flow-induced dilation requires an intact endothelium, the biochemical mediators of dilation vary by organ, species, vessel size, age, and disease status. For example, in juvenile porcine coronary resistance vessels, nitric oxide (NO) mediates flow-induced dilation,6 yet flow-induced dilation is mediated by a hyperpolarizing factor in epicardial conduit arteries.7 In humans, prostaglandins mediate flow-induced dilation of coronary arterioles from children,2 whereas NO is the primary mediator of flow-induced dilation in normal adults. The presence of CAD or cardiovascular risk factors increases oxidative stress, reduces NO bioavailability, and diminishes the role of NO.8 Despite this, flow-induced dilation in humans can be maintained by mechanisms that compensate for the loss of NO. Miura et …
PS1-40: The VDW Vital Signs File: 2011 Quality Assurance Activities

Background/Aims The VDW Vitals Workgroup specifies data standards for the four traditional clinical vital signs (body temperature, blood pressure, respirations, heart rate) and other physiological measures that are collected routinely during clinic visits, such as height and weight. Data specifications changed considerably between the older Version 2, and the current Version 3. The Vitals Workgroup recently completed quality assurance review of the vital signs data from the sites participating in the VDW. The aim of this review is to ensure that sites have standardized their data tables according to Workgroup Version 3 specifications, data are within plausible ranges, and to assess the abundance of data.
Asymmetrically Timely Loss Recognition and the Accrual Anomaly

Conditionally conservative accounting practices mandate the more timely recognition of losses relative to gains through transitory negative accrual items. A direct implication of asymmetrically timely loss recognition is asymmetry in the persistence of accruals depending on whether the firm experiences a gain or a loss in the current year: accruals should be less persistent for loss years relative to profit years. If investors naively fixate on total earnings, however, conditional conservatism would imply that investors will tend to overestimate the persistence of accruals especially in loss years. Consistent with naive earnings fixation, I find that Sloan’s (1996) accrual anomaly, i.e., the negative association between accruals and future abnormal stock returns, is more pronounced for loss firms relative to profit firms. The evidence is relevant for understanding the origins of the accrual anomaly and highlights that inferences with respect to the pricing of accruals can be affected by pooling loss firms with profit firms.
Differential effects of l-NAME on rat venular hydraulic conductivity

The role of nitric oxide (NO) in microvascular permeability remains unclear because both increases and decreases in permeability by NO synthase (NOS) inhibitors have been reported. We sought to det...
Lifting WALKSAT-based local search algorithms for map inference

In this short position paper, we consider MaxWalkSAT, a local search algorithm for MAP inference in probabilistic graphical models, and lift it to the first-order level, yielding a powerful algorithm for MAP inference in Markov logic networks (MLNs). Lifted MaxWalkSAT is based on the observation that if the MLN is monadic, namely if each predicate is unary then MaxWalkSAT is completely liftable in the sense that no grounding is required at inference time. We propose to utilize this observation in a straight-forward manner: convert the MLN to an equivalent monadic MLN by grounding a subset of its logical variables and then apply lifted MaxWalkSAT on it. It turns out however that the problem of finding the smallest subset of logical variables which when grounded will yield a monadic MLN is NP-hard in general and therefore we propose an approximation algorithm for solving it.
A novel calibration technique to obtain high resolution 3D T1 Maps for Infarct characterization

Background Myocardial T1 mapping enables quantification of extracellular volume fraction (ECV), which correlates with myocardial fibrosis and is predictive of adverse cardiac events. Quantitative T1 mapping is highly useful in detecting scar tissue in patients with prior myocardial infarctions or those with other cardiomyopathies. The Modified Look-Locker inversion recovery (MOLLI) sequence is a clinical standard for T1 mapping, however it is limited by low spatial resolution which prevents it from being used for infarct characterization. In this study, a novel technique to convert high resolution 3D phase sensitive inversion recovery (3D-PSIR) images into high resolution T1 maps by calibration with lowresolution MOLLI T1 maps. Methods From a phantom study using 11 agarose vials doped with different concentrations of Ni, an exponential relationship was derived between signal intensity and T1 using a 3D-PSIR segmented Turbo FLASH and MOLLI acquisition, respectively. 9 canines with chronic infarcts (ranging from 12-14 weeks) were scanned on a 1.5 T Siemens Avanto scanner. A 3D-PSIR (covering the entire left ventricle) and a single long axis MOLLI were collected prior to contrast injection and 15-20 minutes after contrast injection (Gd-DTPA). The MOLLI and 3D-PSIR images had resolutions of approximately isotropic in-plane 1.3-1.4 mm × 8.0 mm and 1.4 × 1.4 × 1.4 mm, respectively. Six regions of interest (3 in the myocardium, 2 in the blood pool, and 1 in the liver) were drawn in the MOLLI image
Surface heterogeneity on hemispheres-in-cell model yields all experimentally-observed non-straining colloid retention mechanisms in porous media in the presence of energy barriers.

Many mechanisms of colloid retention in porous media under unfavorable conditions have been identified from experiments or theory, such as attachment at surface heterogeneities, wedging at grain to grain contacts, retention via secondary energy minimum association in zones of low flow drag, and straining in pore throats too small to pass. However, no previously published model is capable of representing all of these mechanisms of colloid retention. In this work, we demonstrate that incorporation of surface heterogeneity into our hemispheres-in-cell model yields all experimentally observed non-straining retention mechanisms in porous media under unfavorable conditions. We also demonstrate that the predominance of any given retention mechanism depends on the coupled colloid-collector-flow interactions that are governed by parameters such as the size and spatial frequency of heterogeneous attractive domains, colloid size, and solution ionic strength. The force/torque balance-simulated retention is shown to d...
Evaluation of a novel high-resolution mapping technology for ablation of recurrent scar-related atrial tachycardias

Background Rhythmia is a new technology capable of rapid and high-resolution mapping. However, its potential advantage over existing technologies in mapping complex scar-related atrial tachycardias (ATs) has not yet been evaluated. Objective The purpose of this study was to examine the utility of Rhythmia for mapping scar-related ATs in patients who had failed previous ablation procedure(s). Methods This multicenter study included 20 patients with recurrent ATs within 2 years after a previous ablation procedure (1.8 ± 0.7 per patient). In all cases, the ATs could not be adequately mapped during the index procedure because of scar with fractionated electrograms, precluding accurate time annotation, frequent change in the tachycardia in response to pacing, and/or degeneration into atrial fibrillation. These patients underwent repeat mapping and ablation procedure with Rhythmia. Results From a total of 28 inducible ATs, 24 were successfully mapped. Eighteen ATs (75%) terminated during radiofrequency ablation and 4 (16.6%) with catheter pressure or entrainment from the site of origin or isthmus. Two ATs that were mapped to the interatrial septum slowed but did not terminate with ablation. In 21 of 24 ATs the mechanism was macroreentry, while in 3 of 24 the mechanism was focal. Interestingly, in 5 patients with previously failed ablation of an allegedly "focal" tachycardia, high-resolution mapping demonstrated macroreentrant arrhythmia. The mean mapping time was 28.6 ± 17 minutes, and the mean radiofrequency ablation time to arrhythmia termination was 3.2 ± 2.6 minutes. During a mean follow-up of 7.5 ± 3.1 months, 15 of 20 patients (75%) were free of AT recurrences. Conclusion The Rhythmia mapping system may be advantageous for mapping complex scar-related ATs.
Leveraging Health Care Simulation Technology for Human Factors Research Closing the Gap Between Lab and Bedside

Objective:We describe health care simulation, designed primarily for training, and provide examples of how human factors experts can collaborate with health care professionals and simulationists—experts in the design and implementation of simulation—to use contemporary simulation to improve health care delivery.Background:The need—and the opportunity—to apply human factors expertise in efforts to achieve improved health outcomes has never been greater. Health care is a complex adaptive system, and simulation is an effective and flexible tool that can be used by human factors experts to better understand and improve individual, team, and system performance within health care.Method:Expert opinion is presented, based on a panel delivered during the 2014 Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Health Care Symposium.Results:Diverse simulators, physically or virtually representing humans or human organs, and simulation applications in education, research, and systems analysis that may be of use to human factors e...
Successful surgical correction of infradiaphragmatic total anomalous pulmonary venous return into the inferior vena cava. A fourteen-year follow-up

This case report describes the long-term follow-up of a patient who, at 7 weeks of age, underwent surgical correction of infradiaphragmatic total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) to the inferior vena cava. Fourteen years after operation, the patient has normal anatomy and nearly normal hemodynamics. The difference between this type of infradiaphragmatic TAPVR with posthepatic drainage is compared with the more common type which drains prehepatically.
KEY COMPONENTS FOR A NATIONAL COMPUTER LITERACY PROGRAM

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the key components for a national computer literacy program. A computer-literate workforce is necessary to maintain the national defense of a country and to improve its national productivity. At the individual level, computer literacy enables participation in a knowledge society. To ensure equality of opportunity, all citizens must have access to these skills and tools. Following are the reasons for the need for computer literacy (1) the recognition that the concept of computer literacy is multifaceted; (2) the need for knowledgeable people who can create new tools and materials and to effectively use them; (3) the involvement of the home, workplace, community, and the school in creating a computer-literate society; (4) the presence of computers for instruction in all schools for all students; (5) the availability of a critical mass of high-quality curricula and courseware; and (6) continued innovation, research, and development to identify new opportunities for the use of computers. The term “computer literate” has many different definitions, many of which are a matter of perspective.
Controlling a Cockroach Infestation

The cockroach is one of the world’s most prolific and resilient pests, with over 3,500 species worldwide. It is important to understand the growth and adaptive mechanisms of cockroach colonies in order to safely control these populations. We present a continuous time, age-structured population model of the Blattella germanica cockroach that includes the application of pesticides and the development of resistant subpopulations. The resulting system of differential equations is then used to optimize treatment strategies using analytical and heuristic optimization techniques. While the model shows that the roach-free equilibrium is always unstable, the strategic application of pesticides can keep populations low, even when a drug-resistant subpopulation develops.
Carboxy-terminal deletion of the HDL receptor reduces receptor levels in liver and steroidogenic tissues, induces hypercholesterolemia, and causes fatal heart disease

Deletion of the mouse HDL receptor SR-BI's three carboxy-terminal residues induces hypercholesterolemia and decreased receptor expression in liver and steroidogenic tissues, suggesting previously u...
The role of second transplants for leukemia

Management of relapsed leukemia following allogeneic transplantation is challenging. Intensive chemotherapy, donor lymphocyte infusions (DLI), or second transplantation have some value, but most reported series describe only a limited number of patients surviving beyond 2 or 3 years following relapse. Additionally, understandable selection-bias of reports describing the outcomes of intensive management approaches for relapsed leukemia confound generalizability to a broader population. However numerous reports suggest that second allogeneic transplantation for relapsed leukemia following an initial transplant may produce extended disease control and survival for patients with favorable performance status, remission at the time of second transplant, and most importantly a long interval between initial transplant and relapse. Reduced intensity conditioning for second allografts may be preferable and little data exists to suggest that a new donor will improve disease control by inducing a stronger graft-versus-leukemia effect. Improved measures to prevent the first relapse, however, may protect more patients and produce a greater fraction enjoying extended leukemia-free survival.
Charles Toy Returns to Cooley Law School

A highly successful lawyer and incoming State Bar president leaves law practice to head his law school alma mater's placement office. Why?
Directing reconfigurable DNA nanoarrays.

The ability to faithfully pass information in a cascaded and controllable fashion has worked wonders for civilization and biology (see the figure). In the molecular engineering enterprise, researchers have craved a similar level of control over information flow within a network at nanometer-to-micrometer scale. On page 371 of this issue, Song et al. have used DNA, a readily available biopolymer with well-established structure and association rules, to construct finite-sized nanoarrays that transmit information from one side to the other in the form of structural transformation ( 1 ). This marks an important step toward programming nanoscale motions because it provides a generalizable way to propagate a local structural change across long distances along designated pathways.
A meta-analytic review of the association between cortisol reactivity in response to a stressor and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

A substantial literature suggests that abnormal cortisol reactivity may be a vulnerability for deleterious mental health outcomes, including ADHD. ADHD has been linked with difficulty in emotion regulation and increased risk of experiencing stressors, both of which may be related to psychobiological abnormalities (e.g., abnormal cortisol reactivity). Research has been mixed regarding the association between cortisol reactivity and ADHD. Therefore, the present meta-analytic review (k = 12) sought to quantify this association and review the relevant methodological issues and theoretical implications of this area of research. Overall, no effect was found between cortisol reactivity and ADHD (r = 0), although significant heterogeneity in the analyses suggested that there might be moderators of this association, if one does exist. Results highlight the importance of addressing limitations of the current literature on cortisol reactivity and ADHD and exploring additional indices of emotion regulation that may be associated with ADHD. Implications for future research efforts are discussed.
Measuring Behavior within Pages

This chapter describes ways to analyze the behavior of users within a page in contrast to their movement between pages. It first looks at the out-of-the-box functionality in Google Analytics. The “In-Page Analytics” report annotates the page you are looking at with the portion of clicks each link has received in the selected time period. At the time of writing, it only displays clicks on links to other pages and can’t differentiate between multiple links to the same destination page or on JavaScript or HTML form elements. This chapter then briefly looks at tools that can record anywhere that users click on a given page. These tools record the coordinates of every place that users click on a page, whether it is a link or not, as well as users’ keystrokes. They then allow you to either view, on a page-by-page basis, the total number of clicks at each coordinate for a given time period, or to play back an individual user’s session on your website as they move from page to page, recreating their clicks and keyboard input. Lastly, it is possible to configure page tagging tools to measure practically any interaction users have with your website through the addition of the right code. The last approach, though the most technically complex, may offer you the most rewarding possibilities for analysis because the data will be integrated with the rest of your web analytics data.
Sporadic data integrity for secure state estimation

We consider the problem of network-based attacks, such as Man-in-the-Middle attacks, on standard state estimators. To ensure graceful control degradation in the presence of attacks, existing results impose very strict integrity requirements on the number of noncompromised sensors. We study the effects of sporadic data integrity enforcement, such as message authentication, on control performance under stealthy attacks. We show that even with sporadic data integrity guarantees, the attacker cannot introduce an unbounded state estimation error while remaining stealthy. We present a design-time framework to derive safe integrity enforcement policies, and illustrate its use; we show that with even 20% of authenticated messages we can ensure satisfiable state estimation errors under attacks.
Beans and Cornbread: The Pragmatic Crusade to Document Women’s History Through Cookbooks

Abstract Before we could forge a partnership with the community, we needed to create partnerships at the university. In 2013, the Curator of Rare Books and Mississippiana and a food historian came together to build the Mississippi Community Cookbook Project (MCCP). Since, the project has developed the library’s cookbook collection into the largest in Mississippi. It succeeded because both project coordinators respected each other’s expertise, and worked within existing institutional frameworks. The library collects, digitizes, and catalogs the cookbooks. The MCCP’s website provides contextual information, additional indices, and an accessible public gateway to the cookbooks (as well as a social media presence). While at times the lack of support for digital humanities at Southern Mississippi has slowed progress, this partnership has led to broad public engagement, and the development of a valuable archival resource.
Gun Exposure Among Black American Youth Residing in Low-Income Urban Environments:

Objective: The current study examined the extent of gun exposure, referring to the mere presence of guns in youth’s lives, in a sample of Black American adolescents residing in low-income urban nei...
Beauty Pageants, FIU, and "Worlds Ahead": An Open Letter to FIU President Mark Rosenberg

In response to FIU's decision to rent space to Donald Trump's Miss Universe Beauty pageant, it is argued that FIU has a responsibility toward its female and male students to work for a less sexist world. As the leadership of the university does not seem to be aware of the dangers of exaggerated beauty standards and female objectification, the letter draws on feminist insights to add non-sexist substance to FIU's vision of being "worlds ahead".
Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis Associated with Bilateral Central Field Loss; Improvement on Corticosteroids and Mercaptopurine

This is a case report — the first known to the authors — of a patient with optic neuritis associated with cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis, which, together with the optic neuritis, improved following steroid and immunosuppressive therapy.
Dynamic changes in ORC localization and replication fork progression during tissue differentiation

Genomic regions repressed for DNA replication, resulting in either delayed replication in S phase or underreplication in polyploid cells, are thought to be controlled by inhibition of replication origin activation. Studies in Drosophila polytene cells, however, raised the possibility that impeding replication fork progression also plays a major role. We exploited genomic regions underreplicated (URs) with tissue specificity in Drosophila polytene cells to analyze mechanisms of replication repression. By localizing the Origin Recognition Complex (ORC) in the genome of the larval fat body and comparing this to ORC binding in the salivary gland, we found that sites of ORC binding show extensive tissue specificity. In contrast, there are common domains nearly devoid of ORC in the salivary gland and fat body that also have reduced density of ORC binding sites in diploid cells. Strikingly, domains lacking ORC can still be replicated in some polytene tissues, showing absence of ORC and origins is insufficient to repress replication. Analysis of the width and location of the URs with respect to ORC position indicates that whether or not a genomic region lacking ORC is replicated is controlled by whether replication forks formed outside the region are inhibited. These studies demonstrate that inhibition of replication fork progression can block replication across genomic regions that constitutively lack ORC. Replication fork progression can be inhibited in both tissue-specific and genome region-specific ways. Consequently, when evaluating sources of genome instability it is important to consider altered control of replication forks in response to differentiation.
Use of functional movement screen scores to predict dynamic balance in physically active men and women

Scudamore, EM, Stevens, SL, Fuller, DK, Coons, JM, and Morgan, DW. Use of functional movement screen scores to predict dynamic balance in physically active men and women. J Strength Cond Res 33(7): 1848-1854, 2019-The primary focus of this study was to determine whether scores obtained from the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) can predict dynamic balance in young, healthy adults. Thirty-four physically active participants completed the FMS, and balance was assessed using measures of composite reach (CR) distance and overall stability indices (OSI) derived from Y Balance and Biodex Balance System testing, respectively. Results indicated that higher overall FMS scores were associated with better CR and OSI, and participants with FMS composite scores greater than 14 exhibited better CR compared to those with composite scores less than or equal to 14. In addition, lasso penalized regression demonstrated that (a) scores of 2 on the deep squat and 3 on the trunk stability push-up movements predicted a greater CR and (b) higher shoulder mobility scores and a rotary stability score of 3 predicted better OSI. We conclude that dynamic balance in young, active men and women can be predicted by specific FMS item scores.
Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Interaction Design and Children

Interaction Design and Children (IDC) is the premiere international conference for researchers, educators and practitioners to share the latest research findings, innovative methodologies and new technologies in the areas of inclusive child-centered design, learning and interaction. The annual conference incorporates papers, presentations, speakers, workshops, participatory design experiences and discussions on how to create better interactive experiences for children.