cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Genetic evidence that the steroid-regulated trafficking of cell surface glycoproteins in rat hepatoma cells is mediated by glucocorticoid-inducible cellular components.

The biological control of posttranslational maturation and compartmentalization reactions that operate upon proteins during transport to their final cellular desti- nations is crucial for normal cellular function. Using the expression of mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) glycoproteins as sensitive probes in the viral- infected rat hepatoma cell line M1.54, we have discovered and documented a novel glucocorticoid-regulated trafficking pathway that controls the cell surface localization of MMTV glycoproteins. One complement-selected derivative of M1.54 cells, CR4, failed to compartmentalize cell surface MMTV glycoproteins in the presence of dexamethasone. To test genetically if this glycoprotein trafficking pathway is mediated by cellular or viral gene products, CR4 cells were fused with uninfected Fu5 rat hepatoma cells. Indirect immunofluorescence of CR4 × Fu5 heterokaryons revealed that Fu5 complemented the defect in CR4 only after exposure to 1 μM dexamethasone. The glucocorticoid inhibition of Fu5 proliferation was exploited to recover the receptor-deficient uninfected derivative EDR3 that expressed a 100-fold lower level of [3H]dexamethasone binding activity. Analysis of CR4 × EDR3 cell fusions by indirect immunofluorescence revealed that EDR3 cells complemented CR4 in a dexamethasone-dependent manner, suggesting that EDR3 supplied a functional trafficking component while CR4 provided a functional glucocorticoid receptor to the heterokaryons. Taken together, our results demonstrate that cellular-encoded glucocorticoid-inducible components mediate the regulated trafficking of cell surface MMTV glycoproteins.
Reflection and transmission of elastic waves by a structurally chiral arrangement of identical uniaxial layers

Layered composites are constructed by stacking identical uniaxial plates, their consecutive symmetric axes describing either a right- or a left-handed spiral. A matrix representation method is used for solving the reflection and transmission characteristics of such layered composites. The field equations governing the harmonic motions of the layered composite are written as a first-order matrix ordinary differential equation, where the field variables form a 6-vector consisting of the displacement and traction components. Numerical results of the plane wave reflection and transmission characteristics for chiral arrangements are compared with those for a non-chiral arrangement. It is observed that the co-polarized characteristics are unaffected by the structural chirality, while the cross-polarized reflected and transmitted fields are greatly influenced by it.
DIRECT INTERACTION ENERGY: A COMPUTATIONAL QUANTITY FOR PARAMETERIZATION OF CONDENSED-PHASE FORCE FIELDS AND ITS APPLICATION TO HYDROGEN BONDING

Using N-Methylacetamide (NMA) dimer and NMA–water as model complexes, the solvent effect on the protein inter- N–H⋯O=C and intra- N –H⋯OH2, and C=O⋯H2O hydrogen bonding have been studied by the polarizable continuum model (PCM) ab initio calculations in the four media (vacuum, ether, nitromethane and water). In contrast to the empirical approaches, we suggested using the direction interaction energies (DE) to consider the solvent polarization, which can be derived from PCM ab initio calculations. The DEs of the model compounds in solvents are larger than their in vacuo binding energies, which reflect the solvent polarization effect. As the solvents become increasingly polar, the binding free energies decrease while DEs increase. The increasing DE is consistent with the increasing hydrogen bond length. Considering the protein environment, the DEs of NMA-NMA dimer in ether, 9.14 and 9.41 kcal/mol for NMADI and NMADII, are recommended for the intra N–H⋯O=C hydrogen bonding. The DEs of NMA–water complex in water, -5.47 (NMAWI) and -5.41 kcal/mol (NMAWI'), -8.44 (NMAWII) and -8.68 kcal/mol (NMAWII'), respectively, are suggested for the inter- N–H⋯OH2 and C–O⋯H2O hydrogen bonding of proteins. Using the same approach, we have also computed the DE of water dimer in liquid water. The computed DE of water dimer (-5.63 kcal/mol) is larger than the in vacuo water dimerization energy (-5.14 kcal/mol) and in reasonable agreement with the dimerization energies (ranging from –6.0 to 6.8 kcal/mol) of polarization-included empirical water models.
The Effect of Chronic Pulmonary Suppuration on the Gastric Mucosa

Gastroscopic examination of 17 patients with bronchiectasis or lung abscess revealed a fully normal mucosa in all but two instances, both of which were of minor importance. The ingestion of lesser amounts of purulent material due to purulent gingivitis or chronic sinusitis, therefore, would not appear to be harmful to the gastric mucosa.
Needlescopic urology: current status

Summary Technological miniaturization is an emerging trend that encompasses virtually all surgical subspecialt!es. Minimization of surgical trauma while maximizing surgical cure through gradual progression from maximally invasive to minimally invasive to ultimately noninvasive technologies must be the goal. Needlescopic techniques represent a natural evolution and sophistication of conventional laparoscopy. At the author's center, needlescopic techniques have been used to particular advantage in four specific clinical applications: adrenalectomy, pediatric orchiopexy, detaching the bladder cuff during laparoscopic nephroureterectomy, and as an adjunctive needlescopic port for retraction purposes during conventional laparoscopic surgery. Given the urologist's natural facility with small diameter endoscopes, the specialty is uniquely positioned to take a leadership position in this emerging field. Increased experience and careful comparisons with conventional laparoscopy will determine the true role of needlescopic technology in the armamentarium of the urologic surgeon.
CLEAR Cleat: a proof-of-concept trial of an aerobic activity facilitator to reduce plantar forefoot pressures and their potential in those with foot ulcers.

Background: Exercise has not been studied extensively in persons with active neuropathic diabetic foot wounds, primarily because a device does not exist that allows patients to exercise while sufficiently off-loading pressure at the ulcer site. The purpose of this project was to demonstrate a device that reduces cycling plantar forefoot pressure. Methods: Ten healthy participants rode a recumbent bicycle under three cycling conditions. While the left foot interaction remained constant with a standard gym shoe and pedal, the right foot was exposed to a control condition with standard gym shoe and pedal, gym shoe and specialized cleat, and gym shoe with an off-loading insole and specialized cleat. Pressure and contact area of the plantar aspect of the feet were recorded for a 10-sec interval once during each minute of each condition’s 7-min trial. Results: The off-loading insole and specialized cleat condition yielded significantly lower (P < .01) peak pressure, contact area, and pressure–time integral values in the forefoot than the specialized cleat condition with gym shoe, which yielded significantly lower values (P < .01) than the standard gym shoe and pedal. Conclusion: Modifications to footwear may alter plantar forefoot pressures, contact area, and pressure–time integrals while cycling. The CLEAR Cleat could play a significant role in the facilitation of fitness in patients with (or at high risk for) neuropathic wounds. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 98(4): 261-267, 2008)
THE "NORMAL" FOR EPIDEMIC DISEASES.

FOR MOST epidemic diseases the expression " normal " is coming to mean a sort of statistical Santa Claussomething rather unreal and abstract, but withal very useful. And like Santa Claus, the " normal " has been largely the result of incomplete recognition of the forces behind the visible results. The older epidemiology recognized two main zones of incidence. The usual or " normal" incidence was called " endemic"; and pronounced excesses were termed "epidemic." The idea of normalcy included the well-known seasonal cycle of diseases; therefore an average of some kind was taken of the non-epidemict incidence for each week or month of the year, and these averages, when joined together into a curve gave a picture of the endemic seasonal wave.
Microstructure and mechanical behavior of porous sintered steels

Abstract The microstructure and mechanical properties of sintered Fe–0.85Mo–Ni steels were investigated as a function of sintered density. A quantitative analysis of microstructure was correlated with tensile and fatigue behavior to understand the influence of pore size, shape, and distribution on mechanical behavior. Tensile strength, Young's modulus, strain-to-failure, and fatigue strength all increased with a decrease in porosity. The decrease in Young's modulus with increasing porosity was predicted by analytical modeling. Two-dimensional microstructure-based finite element modeling showed that the enhanced tensile and fatigue behavior of the denser steels could be attributed to smaller, more homogeneous, and more spherical porosity which resulted in more homogeneous deformation and decreased strain localization in the material. The implications of pore size, morphology, and distribution on the mechanical behavior and fracture of P/M steels are discussed.
Ground Water Budget Analysis and Cross-Formational Leakage in an Arid Basin

Ground water budget analysis in arid basins is substantially aided by integrated use of numerical models and environmental isotopes. Spatial variability of recharge, storage of water of both modern and pluvial age, and complex three-dimensional flow processes in these basins provide challenges to the development of a good conceptual model. Ground water age dating and mixing analysis with isotopic tracers complement standard hydrogeologic data that are collected and processed as an initial step in the development and calibration of a numerical model. Environmental isotopes can confirm or refute a priori assumptions of ground water flow, such as the general assumption that natural recharge occurs primarily along mountains and mountain fronts. Isotopes also serve as powerful tools during postaudits of numerical models. Ground water models provide a means of developing ground water budgets for entire model domains or for smaller regions within the model domain. These ground water budgets can be used to evaluate the impacts of pumping and estimate the magnitude of capture in the form of induced recharge from streams, as well as quantify storage changes within the system. The coupled analyses of ground water budget analysis and isotope sampling and analysis provide a means to confirm, refute, or modify conceptual models of ground water flow.
Notch-induced Asb2 expression promotes protein ubiquitination by forming non-canonical E3 ligase complexes

Notch signaling controls multiple developmental processes, thus demanding versatile functions. We have previously shown that this may be partly achieved by accelerating ubiquitin-mediated degradation of important regulators of differentiation. However, the underlying mechanism was unknown. We now find that Notch signaling transcriptionally activates the gene encoding ankyrin-repeat SOCS box-containing protein 2 (Asb2). Asb2 promotes the ubiquitination of Notch targets such as E2A and Janus kinase (Jak) 2, and a dominant-negative (DN) mutant of Asb2 blocks Notch-induced degradation of these proteins. Asb2 likely binds Jak2 directly but associates with E2A through Skp2. We next provide evidence to suggest that Asb2 bridges the formation of non-canonical cullin-based complexes through interaction with not only ElonginB/C and Cullin (Cul) 5, but also the F-box-containing protein, Skp2, which is known to associate with Skp1 and Cul1. Consistently, ablating the function of Cul1 or Cul5 using DN mutants or siRNAs protected both E2A and Jak2 from Asb2-mediated or Notch-induced degradation. By shifting monomeric E3 ligase complexes to dimeric forms through activation of Asb2 transcription, Notch could effectively control the turnover of a variety of substrates and it exerts diverse effects on cell proliferation and differentiation.
Template‐based protein structure prediction in CASP11 and retrospect of I‐TASSER in the last decade

We report the structure prediction results of a new composite pipeline for template-based modeling (TBM) in the 11th CASP experiment. Starting from multiple structure templates identified by LOMETS based meta-threading programs, the QUARK ab initio folding program is extended to generate initial full-length models under strong constraints from template alignments. The final atomic models are then constructed by I-TASSER based fragment reassembly simulations, followed by the fragment-guided molecular dynamic simulation and the MQAP-based model selection. It was found that the inclusion of QUARK-TBM simulations as an intermediate modeling step could help improve the quality of the I-TASSER models for both Easy and Hard TBM targets. Overall, the average TM-score of the first I-TASSER model is 12% higher than that of the best LOMETS templates, with the RMSD in the same threading-aligned regions reduced from 5.8 to 4.7 A. Nevertheless, there are nearly 18% of TBM domains with the templates deteriorated by the structure assembly pipeline, which may be attributed to the errors of secondary structure and domain orientation predictions that propagate through and degrade the procedures of template identification and final model selections. To examine the record of progress, we made a retrospective report of the I-TASSER pipeline in the last five CASP experiments (CASP7-11). The data show no clear progress of the LOMETS threading programs over PSI-BLAST; but obvious progress on structural improvement relative to threading templates was witnessed in recent CASP experiments, which is probably attributed to the integration of the extended ab initio folding simulation with the threading assembly pipeline and the introduction of atomic-level structure refinements following the reduced modeling simulations. Proteins 2016; 84(Suppl 1):233-246. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Wisconsin Rural Women's Health Study Psychological Factors and Blood Cholesterol Level: Difference between Normal and Overweight Rural Women

OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of psychological factors on plasma lipid levels among rural women of central Wisconsin and to compare the effects of these variables among normal-weight and overweight women. METHODS Stratified sampling was used to select a random sample (n=1500) of farm and non-farm women aged 25 to 71 years from the Central Marshfield Epidemiologic Study Area. The baseline examination included measurements of blood pressure, skin folds, height, weight, and fasting blood lipids, glucose, and insulin. Framingham study questionnaires were employed to measure anger, anxiety, tension, and marital disagreement. The Spielberger Trait anger-reaction subscale was employed to assess proneness to anger. RESULTS Among normal-weight women, a positive association was found between anger-reaction scores and cholesterol (b=0.008), ratio (b=0.014), triglycerides (b=0.02), and LDL (b=0.07). The odds of elevated cholesterol were highest among women with high scores on the Speilberger anger-reaction scale (OR=2.0) and anger discussion scale (OR=2.0), while the odds were less among women with high scores on the anger-out scale (OR=0.59). However, among overweight women, we found only scores on the Framingham anger-discussion scale as an important factor to determine the plasma lipid levels. CONCLUSION Anger management may help to sever the link between psychological factors and CHD risk factors. Intervention intended to prevent cardiac events through the reduction of stress and modification of related psychological risk factors have successfully improved the CHD risk factors profile. Similar studies are needed to determine the efficacy of intervention for the primary prevention of CHD risk factors.
A unique subset of rat and human intestinal villus cells express the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator.

Abstract Background/Aims: In the intestine, the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) has been localized to the apical pole of crypt epithelial cells. Recent data indicate that some villus cells may also express CFTR, although the identity of these cells has not been established. The aim of the current study was to characterize the distribution, morphology, and surface marker expression of CFTR-expressing villus cells. Methods: Immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy was performed using anti-CFTR and enzyme marker antibodies. Results: In the rat and human proximal small intestine, a subpopulation of scattered villus and superficial crypt epithelial cells label brightly with anti-CFTR antibodies. The fluorescent signal is detected throughout the cells with its greatest concentration apically. At the ultrastructural level, labeling involves the brush border and a prominent subapical vesicular compartment. The cells resemble adjacent villus enterocytes in their abundance of mitochondria and expression of basolateral Na+-K+-adenosine triphosphatase yet differ in their absence of brush-border sucrase and lactase expression. Conclusions: A previously uncharacterized subpopulation of villus cells with high levels of intracellular CFTR expression exists in the proximal small intestine. Morphological and cytochemical studies suggest that this subset of villus cells has a unique transport function.
Emory University Project on Children of Disturbed Parents

Young children (from birth to 5 years of age) of schizophrenic , depressed, and well mothers were studied to assess their intellectual, social, and neuropsychiatric functioning. The sample derived from predominantly black, low-income, single-parent families. An extensive battery of laboratory and homebased tests was administered three times, each 1 year apart, to test the stability of findings. Schizophrenic offspring, as a group, had more problems than others. They showed more deficits on social competence, had lower IQ's (the youngest children only), and were overrepresented in the group of children with multiple negative indices. However, both schizophrenic offspring
A macro-Monte Carlo method for the simulation of diffuse light transport in tissue

The Monte Carlo (MC) method of calculating light distributions in turbid media such as tissue has become the gold standard, especially in complex geometries and heterogeneous tissue. The utility of the MC method, however, is limited by is computational intensity. In an effort to reduce the time needed for MC calculations, we have adapted a macro-Monte Carlo (MMC) method (Neuenschwander, et al. 1995, Phys. Med. Biol. 40, 543-574) to the solution of tissue optics problems. Traditional MC routines trace individual photons step-by-step through the tissue. Instead, the MMC approach relies on a data set consisting of spheres in which the light absorbed in each voxel is pre-calculated using a traditional MC routine. At each MMC step, the pre-calculated absorbed light dose in the appropriate sphere, aligned to the current position and direction of the sphere, is recorded in the dose matrix. The position and direction of the photon exiting the sphere are chosen from the exit distribution of the pre-calculated sphere, and the process is repeated. By choosing the size of the pre-calculated sphere appropriately, arbitrarily complex boundary geometries can be simulated. We compare the accuracy and calculation time of the MMC method with a traditional MC algorithm for a variety of tissue optical properties and geometries. We find that the MMC algorithm can increase the speed of calculation by as much as two orders of magnitude, depending on the optical properties being simulated, without a significant loss in accuracy.
A superior error function for training neural networks

The authors present an error function 'kerr' which does not have the objectionable properties exhibited by the error function 'ferr' usually used to train neural networks. When combined with the conjugate gradient method, 'kerr' shows dramatic speedups over 'ferr' and back-propagation. Ferr is a sum of squares; in kerr each square is divided by a factor. >
Collaborative sensing of on-chip wire temperatures using interconnect based ring oscillators

High die temperatures adversely impact CMOS circuit operation degrading performance and reliability of both devices and interconnect. Current thermal scaling trends in multilevel low-k interconnect structures suggest an increasing heat density for the metal layers as a result of which the temperature dependence of logic is matched or often exceeded by that of interconnect. This motivates the need to perform 3-D thermal sensing in deep nanometer designs. We propose a novel sensor design that alleviates the complexities associated with time-to-digital conversion in wire-based thermal sensing. The sensing circuit makes use of wire-segments between individual stages of a ring-oscillator to perform thermal sensing using the oscillator frequency value as the mapping to corresponding wire temperature. Alternatively, the sensor can be tuned to strengthen the thermal sensitivity of the devices over that of interconnects to perform substrate-based sensing. We propose a collaborative scheme to sample the thermal status of the different metal levels and the substrate. The proposed sensor provides a resolution of 1°C while consuming an active power of 65-112µW and its sensitivity to process and supply noise can be minimized through design optimizations.
A model curriculum for power engineering

Attempting to develop large numbers of power engineers who are able to address both creatively and cost-effectively the challenges posed by todaypsilas power industry within the present academic constraints of 4 years and 120-128 credit hours is an overwhelming and quite possibly disheartening task. Trying to restructure the academic system substantially is equally as daunting. Yet, academia must find a way to produce substantial numbers of engineers properly trained and qualified to replace the growing number of experienced engineers leaving the power industry primarily due to the aging and subsequent retirement of the Baby Boom generation. This paper addresses the topic of power engineering education reform by assessing specifically what industry needs from academia, then proposing an academic model which meets the industry needs while being compatible with the evolving academic framework now in place. The resulting robust curriculum model, currently in the implementation stage at the University of South Florida, is being embraced by students, industry recruiters, and hiring managers. Early indications show strong signs of success. It is expected that this power engineering curriculum model will serve as the archetype for other academic institutions to follow.
Phases of Career Development: Case Studies of Young Women with Learning Disabilities

This study investigates the career development process for young women with learning disabilities. Case study methodology was utilized to understand the key elements influencing career choices for young women with learning disabilities who had graduated from high school and entered the workforce. Case study findings revealed three distinct phases of career development that were labeled (a) unsettled, (b) exploratory, and (c) focused. Phases of career development varied along two dimensions—stability of employment and clarity of career goals. Key elements that seemed to influence the phases of career development included individual motivation and personal determination, family support and advocacy, opportunities for career exploration, on-the-job or postsecondary vocational training, and supportive work environments.
Rheumatoid arthritis: a medical emergency?

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), previously considered to be a benign controllable disease with a good prognosis in the majority of patients, is now known to be a severe, progressive disease in terms of radiographic damage, severe functional deterioration, progressive work disability and premature mortality. The traditional approach to RA therapy (from less toxic to more toxic drugs) is inadequate and the risk of drug toxicity is generally overestimated while that of severe disease is underestimated. Consequently, aggressive treatment could be considered in an attempt to reverse the inflammation prior to long-term end-organ damage, rather than in response to such damage. As patients with RA may progress to an anticipated 5-year survival similar to that in patients with cardiovascular or neoplastic disease, RA should be viewed as an urgent medical problem—a “medical emergency”—in order to control the long-term consequences of the disease process.
Disclosure of Child Abuse in Conflict Areas

Analyzing legal policies requires an in-depth understanding of the sociopolitical contexts within which sexual abuse is disclosed. Data presented in this study are based on a larger study of 628 Palestinian Israeli girls aged 14 to 16 years. Of these 628 girls, 28 victims of sexual abuse discussed their abuse with the research team. In addition, interviews were conducted with professional helpers. The contextual analyses of the interviews focused on the way young girls perceived disclosure, social support, and legal intervention to their abuse. Data revealed that the girls’ attitudes not only conformed to general findings on disclosure of sexual abuse but also reflected sociopolitical fears and stressors. Helpers struggled between their beliefs that they should abide by the state’s formal legal policies and their consideration of the victim’s context. The study reveals how decontextualizing child protection laws and policies can keep sexually abused girls from seeking help.
Feasibility study for 2D frequency-dependent electromagnetic sensing through casing

We perform a numerical-sensitivity study of various physical phenomena of interest for borehole resistivity logging applications in steel-cased wells. Specifically, we analyze the sensitivity of through-casing measurements for detecting water invasion, shale-laminated sands, and electrical anisotropy in the formation. In addition, we study the influence of the frequency of operation on through-casing resistivity measurements. The sensitivity analysis is performed using a highly accurate and reliable numerical method based on a 2D self-adaptive, goal-oriented, high-order, finite-element method (FEM). This method can be applied to simulate all types of resistivity logging measurements, including normal/laterolog, induction, and through-casing resistivity measurements. Results quantify the effects of several physical phenomena that can be sensed through casing and that can be measured with accurate sensors. We find that water invasion and shale-laminated sands behind casing can be detected and accurately qua...
Silicon saw-tooth refractive lens for high-energy X-rays made using a diamond saw

Silicon is a material well suited for refractive lenses operating at high X-ray energies (>50 keV), particularly if implemented in a single-crystal form to minimize small-angle scattering. A single-crystal silicon saw-tooth refractive lens, fabricated by a dicing process using a thin diamond wheel, was tested with 115 keV X-rays, giving an ideal 17 µm line focus width in a long focal length, 2:1 ratio demagnification geometry, with a source-to-focus distance of 58.5 m. The fabrication is simple, using resources typically available at any synchrotron facility's optics shop.
Onco-Nephrology: Renal Toxicities of Chemotherapeutic Agents

Despite dramatic improvements in patient survival and drug tolerability, nephrotoxicity remains an important complication of chemotherapy. Adverse renal effects occur because of innate drug toxicity and a number of patient- and drug-related factors. To provide cutting edge care for these patients, nephrologists and oncologists must be familiar with the nephrotoxicity of these drugs, particularly their associated clinical and laboratory manifestations. Rapid diagnosis, targeted treatment, and supportive care are critical to improving care for these patients. Unfortunately, some patients who develop nephrotoxicity will be left with long-term complications such as chronic tubulopathies and CKD. Onco-Nephrology is a new area that is rapidly expanding and requires a close working relationship between oncologists and nephrologists.
Refined electrolyte‐NRTL model: Activity coefficient expressions for application to multi‐electrolyte systems

The influence of simplifying assumptions of the electrolyte-nonrandom two-liquid (NRTL) model in the derivation of activity coefficient expressions as applied to multi-electrolyte systems is critically examined. A rigorous and thermodynamically consistent formulation for the activity coefficients is developed, in which the simplifying assumption of holding ionic-charge fraction quantities constant in the derivation of activity coefficient expressions is removed. The refined activity coefficient formulation possesses stronger theoretical properties and practical superiority that is demonstrated through a case study representing the thermodynamic properties and speciation of dilute to concentrated aqueous sulfuric acid solutions at ambient conditions. In this case study phenomena, such as hydration, ion pairing, and partial dissociation are all taken into account. The overall result of this study is a consistent, analytically derived, short-range interaction contribution formulation for the electrolyte-NRTL activity coefficients and a very accurate representation of aqueous sulfuric acid solutions at ambient conditions at concentrations up to 50 molal. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2008
Applications of Winding Numbers

The set ℂ of complex numbers is identified as usual with the real plane ℝ2, the number z = x + iy being identified with the point (x,y).
Combination of Calcium Hydroxyapatite Antibiotic Carrier with Cement Spacers in Peri-Prosthetic Knee Infections.

Abstract Background: Forty-six patients (38 females and 8 males) with infected knee arthroplasties were included in this study. In 31 patients (group A) an antibiotic-impregnated articulating spacer was used, whereas in 15 patients (group B) a combination of spacer and antibiotic carrier was used. Methods: All patients were reviewed weekly with laboratory examinations (white blood cell count [WBC], erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR], C-reactive protein [CRP]) prior to re-implantation. At a mean follow-up of 36 mo (range, 8–60 mo) no patient was lost to follow-up or had died. Results: White blood cell count and ESR showed no differences at any time interval. C-reactive protein values had a statistically significant difference between the two groups after the second week (third week p = 0.042) and group B had significantly lower CRP values at every checkpoint thereafter. The re-infection rate was 16.12% in group A and 6.6% in group B (p = 0.192).
IRS Collection Financial Standards

Bowing to repeated pressure from the National Taxpayer Advocate and a critical letter from the author, the IRS made major changes, effective October 1, 2007, to its tables of allowable expenses for collection determinations. The changes to the collection financial standards primarily benefit the poor and lower-middle class and were made in the interests of equity, simplification, and reduced substantiation. The most significant changes included making allowances for food and clothing expenses uniform over all income classes, allowing floor per-person health care expenses and per-household public transportation expenses without substantiation, and adding cellphone expenses to the list of allowable utility expenses. This article gives historical background about the standards, discusses the major criticisms previously leveled at the standards, and shows how the new standards address many of those criticisms. The author praises the changes made, but concludes that the standards still need further modification to account for higher food and clothing expenditures incurred in urban and rural areas, adequately provide for actual medical expenses, and allow for Internet access and cable television expenses.
Differential Postprostatectomy Cancer-Specific Mortality of Occult T3 Versus Clinical T3 Prostate Cancer: Implications for Radiation Managed Patients Upstaged on Prostate MRI

Differential Postprostatectomy Cancer-Specific Mortality of Occult T3 Versus Clinical T3 Prostate Cancer: Implications for Radiation Managed Patients Upstaged on Prostate MRI V. Muralidhar, K.T. Dinh, B.A. Mahal, D.R. Ziehr, Y.W. Chen, V.B. Viswanathan, M.D. Nezolosky, T.K. Choueiri, K.E. Hoffman, J.C. Hu, C.J. Sweeney, Q.D. Trinh, and P.L. Nguyen; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
Congressional Attacks on the Supreme Court: Court-Curbing and Factional Interest

This paper examines Congressional attacks upon the Supreme Court in the latter half of the 20th Century. In examining these attacks, we find that not all legislation attacking the Court is the same. Instead, we use regime theory to show how different kinds of attacks occur based upon the composition of the attackers and the status of the present governing coalition. We do so utilizing a newly created database of attacks in the 20th century, opening space for more detailed research.
Avoiding misannotation of in-source fragmentation products as cellular metabolites in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics.

Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) technology allows for rapid quantitation of cellular metabolites, with metabolites identified by mass spectrometry and chromatographic retention time. Recently, with the development of rapid scanning high-resolution high accuracy mass spectrometers and the desire for high throughput screening, minimal or no chromatographic separation has become increasingly popular. When analyzing complex cellular extracts, however, the lack of chromatographic separation could potentially result in misannotation of structurally related metabolites. Here, we show that, even using electrospray ionization, a soft ionization method, in-source fragmentation generates unwanted byproducts of identical mass to common metabolites. For example, nucleotide-triphosphates generate nucleotide-diphosphates, and hexose-phosphates generate triose-phosphates. We evaluated yeast intracellular metabolite extracts and found more than 20 cases of in-source fragments that mimic common metabolites....
ARE HIGHER HOSPITAL APPROPRIATENESS SCORES FOR PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION LINKED TO FEWER 30-DAY READMISSIONS?

Institutional programs aimed at improving PCI appropriateness may impact care delivery through better process control, measurement, and infrastructure, potentially affecting other outcomes like 30-day readmissions. This retrospective cohort study included 31 hospitals performing both elective and
Seasonal variation in diurnal and nocturnal distributions of nonbreeding shorebirds at North Humboldt Bay, California

Recent studies of nocturnal foraging by shorebirds (Charadriiformes: Charadrii) suggest that many species feed at night. Much of this research has been qualitative and/or restricted to a small portion of the annual cycle (e.g., a few nights or one season) making it difficult to evaluate the extent to which nocturnal foraging varies seasonally. Consequently, we examined seasonal variation in abundance and distribution of diurnal and nocturnal foraging shorebirds from 10 Jan 1992-10 Jan 1993 at North Humboldt Bay, California. Shorebirds foraged primarily during the day. Overall, day/night frequency of occurrence (percent of censuses with birds) was 87%/48%. In fall, frequency of occurrence of shorebirds differed less between day and night (day/night: 82%/64%) than during spring (day/night: 79%/14%) or winter (day/night: 100%/42%). Moreover, nocturnal abundance of Marbled Godwit (Limosa fedoa), Willet (Catoptrophorus semipalmatus), dowitchers (Limnodromus scolopaceus and Limnodromus griseus), and Black-bellied Plover (Pluvialis squatarola) peaked in fall, whereas diurnal abundance of these species peaked in winter (Marbled Godwit, Black-bellied Plover, and dowitchers) or spring (Willet). Taxa varied in day/night patterns. For Scolopacids, diurnal abundance significantly exceeded nocturnal abundance. However, abundance of American Avocet (Recurvirostra americana), Black-bellied Plover, and Semipalmated Plover (Charadrius semipalmatus) did not differ significantly between day and night. Our results suggest that a researcher's choice of season or taxa may influence observed patterns of diurnal and nocturnal distributions of shorebirds considerably.
Simulation of wave phenomena in the nearshore through application of O(μ2) and O(μ4) pressure-Poisson Boussinesq type models

Abstract The pressure-Poisson Boussinesq models of Donahue et al. (2014) are extended to the surf zone and tested at O ( μ 2 ) and O ( μ 4 ). This approach resembles a classic Boussinesq-type model with the exception that the dispersive accuracy is obtained through consideration of a Boussinesq-scaled Green–Naghdi type approximation to the nonhydrostatic pressure profile and solved as a solution to the pressure-Poisson equation. The result is a Boussinesq-type model that is similar to the shallow water equations (SWE) with a nonhydrostatic pressure term. This allows for the straightforward modification of established SWE solvers to turn them into fully resolved nearshore models with very little structural change to the underlying SWE model and without the need to solve mixed space/time derivatives. The excellent hyperbolic properties of the discontinuous Galerkin (DG) finite element method are used to solve all terms except pressure and a simple yet accurate finite difference approach is used to solve the elliptic pressure equations. A straightforward numerics based wave breaking algorithm is employed and wave runup is captured using a globally mass conservative wetting/drying algorithm specifically designed for DG finite element methods. The result is a full surf-zone model capable of capturing the propagation of waves offshore, the breaking of waves near shore and full wave runup. The model is verified and validated using analytical and experimental results for both fully nonlinear O ( μ 2 ) and weakly nonlinear O ( μ 4 )implementations.
Infectious Disease and Accidental Injury in Schools of Panjin,2010

Objective To understand the epidemic characteristics of infectious disease and accidental injury in schools of Panjin.Methods Descriptive epidemiological method was adopted for analysis.Results By analyzing the data of monitring the reason of absence from 6 pilot schools,the primary was cold,accounting for 63.54%,followed by accident(8.03%),other diseases(7.03 %),parotitis(5.76%),and varicella(5.31%).Conclusion The primary infectious disease in school were respiratory infectious diseases and the accidents can not be ignored.
New directions in alcohol and drug treatment under managed care.

OBJECTIVE To examine the potential effects of the introduction and expansion of managed care on the financing and organization of public and private alcohol and drug abuse treatment systems by reviewing studies on managed care and substance abuse. STUDY DESIGN Spending on treatment for alcohol and drug abuse, the organization of treatment, treatment workforce composition, provision of services, and their implications for access and treatment outcome were examined by review of the treatment literature. RESULTS Managed care has had major effects on the organization of service delivery, the workforce, and the provision of services. Most of the changes have occurred without the benefit of clinical or policy research. Although managed care has the potential ability to address longstanding problems associated with alcohol and drug treatment, it also presents additional barriers to access and improving treatment outcome. CONCLUSIONS The review suggests that organizational approaches, particularly the settings in which treatment is placed, will differ in their impact on ties between treatment agencies and the medical community, and ties with other health and social service agencies. Also of importance is a new emphasis on accountability of treatment through the mechanisms of outcomes monitoring and performance indicators. It remains to be seen whether these innovations will be meaningfully linked with outcomes research. It is incumbent on researchers and clinicians to explore these issues.
Behavioral and psychological aspects of exercise across stages of eating disorder recovery

This study examined the relationship between behavioral and psychological aspects of exercise and eating disorder recovery. Participants were categorized as having an eating disorder (n = 53), partially recovered (n = 15), fully recovered (n = 20), or non-eating disorder controls (n = 67). Groups did not differ significantly in time spent exercising, but did differ in exercise intensity, guilt-related exercise, obsessive exercise cognitions, and appearance/weight management and stress/mood management motivations for exercise. Results support the importance of measuring psychological aspects of exercise in particular across the course of an eating disorder.
The Dark Side of Democracy: Ethnic Cleansing in Former Times

This chapter suggests that since in premodern states class usually trumped ethnicity (thesis 2), there was little ethnic cleansing (thesis 1). Though mass murders are obviously not new to human history, few earlier historical regimes intended to wipe out or expel whole civilian populations. Conquerors normally wanted people to rule over; they wanted to subordinate and enslave them, not remove them. Yet some disagree, declaring that murderous cleansing is equally ancient and modern, citing the notorious Assyrians or incidents like the Carthaginian destruction of Greek city-states and the Roman destruction of Numantia and Carthage (Chalk & Jonassohn, 1990; du Preez, 1994: 4–5; Freeman, 1995; Jonasson, 1998: chap. 17). Smith (1997) declares that “Genocide has existed in all periods of history,” though he distinguishes different types – conquest, religious, colonial, and modern genocide – in different historical eras. No age has had a monopoly on mass murder. Earlier ages may have been far more cruel than our own, more at ease, for example, with public torture and executions. We moderns prefer indirect, callous killing at a distance. We bomb from a safe height but are appalled by butchery with axes and swords (Collins, 1974: 421). In former times treatment of the lower classes, including common soldiers, was much crueler than it is today. Discipline was harsh and exemplary, floggings were routine, executions were common. The enemy's lower classes were treated even worse. Armies lived off the countryside; besiegers sacked, looted, and raped their way through a captured city.
Reel racism, real consequences : a multiple case analysis of savior films as racial projects.

REEL RACISM, REAL CONSEQUENCES: A MULTIPLE CASE ANALYSIS OF SAVIOR FILMS AS RACIAL PROJECTS Eric A. Jordan March 9, 2016 This thesis analyzes how four blockbuster movies released in the years 2000-2014 represent racial projects. Racial projects encompass anything that helps people understand race. Films are racial projects because of their racist portrayal of characters. Films can be used to train audiences to view race in various ways that may contribute to problematic colorblindness. Specifically, the “White Savior” and “Magical Negro” tropes are ways through which films tell the viewers what to expect from White characters and characters of color. Viewers walk away from these films having constructed a racialized schema about White and Black characters, which further supports the notion that films are racial projects that inform people's views of certain races. Not only are films racial projects, but White Saviors are more obvious, while “Black Saviors” are far less obvious. This privileges Whiteness while subverting Blackness, perpetuating a slave-master narrative that has been common throughout America's racial history.
A Unified nonlinear formulation for plate and shell theories

A general geometrically exact nonlinear theory for the dynamics of laminated plates and shells under-going large-rotation and small-strain vibrations in three-dimensional space is presented. The theory fully accounts for geometric nonlinearities by using the new concepts of local displacements and local engineering stress and strain measures, a new interpretation and manipulation of the virtual local rotations, an exact coordinate transformation, and the extended Hamilton principle. Moreover, the model accounts for shear coupling effects, continuity of interlaminar shear stresses, free shear-stress conditions on the bonding surfaces, and extensionality. Because the only differences among different plates and shells are the initial curvatures of the coordinates used in the modeling and all possible initial curvatures are included in the formulation, the theory is valid for any plate or shell geometry and contains most of the existing nonlinear and shear-deformable plate and shell theories as special cases. Five fully nonlinear partial-differential equations and corresponding boundary and corner conditions are obtained, which describe the extension-extension-bending-shear-shear vibrations of general laminated two-dimensional structures and display linear elastic and nonlinear geometric coupling among all motions. Moreover, the energy and Newtonian formulations are completely correlated in the theory.
Biomolecular mechanism of silica synthesis opens novel routes to low-temperature nanofabrication of semiconductors and other advanced materials

Summary form only given. Biological systems fabricate multifunctional, high-performance materials at low temperatures and near-neutral pH with a precision of three-dimensional nanostructural control that exceeds the capabilities of present human engineering. We discovered the mechanism governing the nanofabrication of silica in a biological system, and translated this mechanism to develop a new low-temperature route for the synthesis of a wide range of nano structured metal oxide, -hydroxide and -phosphate semiconductor thin films without the use of organic templates. As a first proof of principle, we have used this process for the low-temperature synthesis of a strongly photo conductive cobalt hydroxide-based thin film material never before attainable through conventional or high-temperature methods. This new biologically inspired synthesis method yields exceptionally pure inorganic semiconductors, and thus is potentially integrable with conventional manufacturing methods. In research leading to these developments, we discovered that the silicateins, a family of enzyme proteins we found occluded within the silica needles made by a marine sponge, can catalyze and structurally direct the polymerization of silica, silsesquioxanes, organometallics and a wide range of metal oxide semiconductors from the corresponding molecular precursors at neutral pH and low temperature. These were the first reported examples of enzyme-catalyzed, nano structure-directed synthesis of semiconductors. Interaction with the template-like protein surface stabilizes polymorphs of these materials (e.g., the anatase form of titanium dioxide and the spinel polymorph of gallium oxide) otherwise not formed at low temperatures. This observation and the preferential alignment of the Ga2O3 nanocrystallites suggested a pseudo-epitaxial relationship between the mineral crystallites and specific functional groups on the templating protein surface. As described above, we have used this biologically inspired process for the low-temperature synthesis of a large number of metal-oxides, -hydroxides and -phosphates, producing many in forms that could not be attained by conventional syntheses. The electronic properties of these novel materials suggest strong advantages for energy applications