cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Using Physiological Measurements to Analyze the Tactical Decisions in Human Swarm Teams

Human-Swarm interaction has attracted a lot of attention for their applications in areas such as exploration, rescue, surveillance, and interplanetary exploration. When humans assume a supervisory or tactician role in managing the robot swarm, the humans' (physiological) state significantly affects the mission performance. In this work, we explore the physiological correlates with the user's tactical decisions in a simulated search and rescue mission. The mission consists of supervising three groups of unmanned aerial vehicles and three groups of unmanned ground vehicles to search for a target building. The mission complexity is increased by introducing static adversarial teams.Due to the adversarial team's presence, the user should employ different tactics to search for a target. While the user interacts with the swarm, brain activity in forms of electroencephalogram (EEG) and eye movements are recorded. 20 participants, with prior experience in playing real-time strategy games, took part in the study. A linear mixed effect model is used to study the correlated physiological features and tactical decisions. Six features are extracted from the physiological data: engagement level, mental workload, Fz-Pz coherence, Fz-O1 coherence, pupil size, and the number of gaze fixations. The results show that mental engagement and Fz-O1 coherence are the important factors in predicting the tactical decisions. Specifically, Fz-O1 coherence in Beta (22.5-30 Hz) and Gamma (38-42 Hz) band is found to be significant.
Phototherapy for Psoriasis: New Research and Insights

The purpose of the review is to highlight some of the new findings on phototherapy treatment for psoriasis and present clinical pearls for the practitioner. Recent research has helped to further elucidate the molecular mechanisms of UV light in the treatment of psoriasis. New evidence regarding the combination of phototherapy with biologic agents and phototherapy’s effect on quality of life is also highlighted. Phototherapy remains an effective and viable option for patients seeking non-invasive and safe treatment of psoriasis. Further research is still needed to understand the exact immunological effects and molecular pathways regarding the response of the skin to UV light. Further research is also needed with combination treatment phototherapy and the newest biologic agents.
One man, three tick-borne illnesses.

A 70-year-old man presented to the emergency department with fevers, ankle edema and nausea following a presumed insect bite on his ankle 1 month prior. On examination, he was febrile and had left leg pain with passive range of motion. Laboratory studies revealed anemia, thrombocytopenia, acute kidney injury and elevated aminotransaminases. Due to his recent travel to the Northeastern United States, he was suspected of having a possible tick-borne illness. Serologies were positive for Borrelia burgdorferi, Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Babesia microti, and the patient was diagnosed with Lyme disease, babesiosis and anaplasmosis. He was treated with doxycyline, atovaquone and azithromycin, leading to resolution of symptoms. While co-infection with Lyme disease is common, infection with three tickborne illnesses at one time is relatively rare.
Optimization algorithm of communication systems with intelligent reflecting surface for internet of things

With the development of 5th-generation(5G) wireless systems and internet of things(IoT), high speed wireless communications are facing severe challenges due to numerous connections of communication terminals and limited frequency resources. Intelligent reflecting surface(IRS), a newly appeared wireless communication technology, has attracts people's attentions worldwide by its low power consumptions and costs. In order to improve the communication rates of users, this paper proposes a novel optimization algorithm by implementing the deep learning to IRS for establishing the mapping from the channel state information to the optimal reflecting coefficient matrix of IRS. The present algorithm can perform real-time reconfiguration of IRS while protecting the privacy of IoT users.
Posttraumatic Arthrosis and Triquetral Nonunion Associated With Pisotriquetral Subluxation in Adolescent Female Softball Players.

Impaction fracture subluxation of the pisotriquetral joint producing arthrosis and ulnar triquetral osteochondral nonunion is a cause for ulnar wrist pain in batting athletes. Two cases of adolescent female softball players managed successfully with pisiform and triquetral fragment excision are reported.
Kidney Disease: Goodpasture's Disease, Lupus Nephritis, ANCA-Associated Glomerulonephritis

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses clinical, pathologic, epidemiologic, autoimmune, and genetic features of kidney diseases such as Goodpasture's disease, lupus nephritis, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated glomerulonephritis. Kidney diseases that are caused by autoimmune processes may result from: direct antibody-mediated attack against kidney antigens, immune complex deposition, or antibody-induced leukocyte activation, endothelial cell injury, and glomerulonephritis. Although many other kidney diseases are at least partially immune-mediated in nature, this chapter concentrates on these three diseases as the best examples of autoimmunity in the kidney. Anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) disease is the only kidney disease in which it is definitely known that antibodies develop against a native renal antigen—the α3 helix of collagen IV. Currently, the pulmonary–renal syndrome can be caused by more than just anti-GBM disease and cryoglobulinemia, SLE, and systemic vasculitides, such as ANCA disease, are also potential culprits. The chapter also focuses on animal models, pathogenic mechanisms, immunologic markers in diagnosis, and treatment of these diseases.
Magneto-Mechanical Effects in Two Steels with Metastable Austenite

Magneto-mechanical effects, or effects of magnetic fields on mechanical properties of materials, are reported for two steels containing austenite that undergoes an fcc→bcc martensitic transformation during plastic deformation. Stress-strain curves from tensile tests of AISI 304 stainless steels and 9Ni steels were measured in magnetic fields as large as 18 T at temperatures of 4 K, 77 K and room temperature. Even in 18 T magnetic fields at cryogenic temperatures the magneto-mechanical effects were small, but they were reproducible and scaled with the strength of the magnetic field and the amount of transformation. Magneto-mechanical effects in steels with metastable austenite provide a unique means of determining how martensitic transformations affect mechanical behavior. The fcc→bcc transformation makes an important contribution to the work hardening of both AISI 304 and 9Ni steel, so the more rapid transformation during magnetic exposure results in a higher strength and a reduced elongation of tensile specimens. In AISI 304 stainless steel a reduced flow stress in the magnetic field was found at small plastic strains.
Fidelity to Duty vs. Focus on Discretion in the 100 Days

This paper considers whether, in their day to day routines, presidents control their agendas or react to the institution’s burdens. It utilizes minute by minute logs of presidential operations during the first 100 days of eight presidents, Dwight Eisenhower through George H. W. Bush. Making four empirical comparisons, the paper concludes that the patterns to their work suggest the influence of the institution over presidents’ individual choices. These results suggest two “executive” dynamics: the pull of duty, like the electoral constraint on members of Congress, overwhelms individual presidential motives and agendas, and the development of operational routines that mirror primary responsibilities.
The Association Between Obesity and Weight Loss Intention Weaker Among Blacks and Men than Whites and Women

Although obesity is associated with weight loss intention, the magnitude of this association may differ across various populations. Using a nationally representative data of the USA, this study tested the variation of the association between obesity and weight loss intention based on race and gender. Data came from the National Survey of American Life (NSAL), 2001–2003, which enrolled 5810 nationally representative sample of adults (3516 African-Americans, 1415 Caribbean Blacks, and 879 non-Hispanic Whites). Socio-demographics, body mass index (BMI), and weight loss intention were measured. We fitted logistic regression models in the pooled sample with weight loss intention as the outcome, obesity (BMI > 30) as the predictor, while the effect of covariates was controlled. To test our moderation hypotheses, we entered race × obesity and gender × obesity interactions to the model. Although the association between obesity and weight loss intention was significant among both race and gender groups, the magnitude of the association between obesity and weight loss intention was larger for women than men and Whites than Blacks. This finding suggests that individuals with obesity have less intention for weight loss if they are Black or men. The link between obesity and weight loss intention depends on race and gender. Weight loss intention may not increase in response to obesity among Blacks and men, compared to Whites and women. Healthy weight programs in the USA may benefit from tailoring based on race and gender.
Is there a role for echocardiography in intracerebral haemorrhage

Hypertension (HTN) is the most common cause of non-traumatic ICH, yet echocardiography, which can stage hypertensive heart disease (HHD), is not part of the routine evaluation of patients with ICH. Previous studies have shown that angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers are associated with regression of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and reversal of myocardial fibrosis. Improvement in these architectural changes in the heart has been shown to improve outcomes and prevent major adverse cardiac events, including stroke. Obtaining echocardiography on ICH patients routinely could help to access the prevalence of HHD and to tailor antihypertensive regimens in this high risk group of patients. Further study is required to determine whether angiotensin directed therapies provide optimal secondary prevention in ICH patients with HHD.
Adenomatoid Tumor of Testis

Adenomatoid tumors are responsible for 30% of all paratesticular masses. These are usually asymptomatic, slow growing masses. They are benign tumors comprising of cords and tubules of cuboidal to columnar cells with vacuolated cytoplasm and fibrous stroma. They are considered to be of mesothelial origin supported by histochemical studies and genetic analysis of Wilms tumor 1 gene expression. Excision biopsy is both diagnostic and therapeutic procedure. The main clinical consideration is accurate diagnosis preventing unnecessary orchiectomy. Diagnostic studies include serum tumor markers (negative alpha fetoprotein, beta HCG, LDH) ultrasonography (hypoechoic and homogenous appearance) and frozen section.
Flux enhancement during dean vortex tubular membrane nanofiltration. 10. Design, construction, and system characterization

Abstract Controlled centrifugal instabilities (called Dean vortices) resulting from flow in helical tubes have been used to reduce concentration polarization and membrane fouling during nanofiltration. These vortices enhance back-migration of solute through convective flow away from the membrane–solution interface and allow for increased membrane permeation rates. Based on the theory of Dean vortex flow, a new prototype vortex generating tubular nanofiltration element was designed. Two sets of nanofiltration modules were constructed; a linear module and a new module containing hollow fibers wrapped around rods of small diameter in helical geometry. Optimization of the design is discussed with respect to the diameter and thickness of the hollow fibers. Axial pressure drop and energy consumption measurements for the helical module agreed very well with available correlations for various experimental conditions. Water permeabilities for the helical modules were similar to those of the conventional linear modules. No significant effect of pH was observed on the water permeability.
Rectangular Layout Problems with Worst-Case Distance Measures.

Abstract This paper considers two related problems involving the design of rectangular layouts of m activities. In each of the problems, costs are incurred which are nondecreasing in distance between activities. The distance between two activities is either the worst-case rectilinear distance, or the worst-case Tchebyshev distance. Minisum and minimax layout problems are then considered and solution techniques are provided. The solution techniques demonstrate that both the area (e.g., number of square feet) taken up by the facilities, as well as the relative use of the facilities, must be considered in order to solve the layout problems of interest.
Variation of the Auroral Birkeland Current Pattern Associated with the North‐South Component of the IMF

In this study, the data set acquired from the vector magnetometer on board MAGSAT during the period October 1979 to June 1980 is examined. Auroral zone crossings were sorted by hourly averaged values of the Interplanetary Magnetic Field. The result is a catalog of sorted data files, from which color-coded magnetic local time invariant latitude plots have been generated that image the auroral Birkeland current pattern, over each prescribed parameter range. These images are used to statistically examine the dynamics of the current pattern. Results indicate that during the periods of B(z) less than 0, the region 1 and 2 current system expands toward lower latitudes accompanied by an expansion of the auroral zones. When B(z) is greater than 0, the region 1 and 2 currents continue to flow with greatly reduced amplitude in the presence of extensive small scale structure.
Very Thin Nitride/Oxide Composite Gate Insulator for VLSI CMOS

We report, for the first time, excellent device characteristics of both n and p-channel (complementary) IGFETs with very thin nitride/oxide stacked gate insulators (10-14nm equivalent oxide thickness). The top nitride layer (as thin as 4nm) is effective in preventing boron penetration from the p+-poly gate to the channel. The threshold voltage instability and channel hot carrier effects are controlled by using (i) very thin top nitride (4nm), and (ii) complemetary gate work work functions, i.e., n+-poly for n-channel and p+-poly for p-channel IGFETs, respectively. Such composite insulators are very promising for submicron VLSI CMOS applications.
Interspecific variation in the microanatomy of cosmetid harvestmen (Arachnida, Opiliones, Laniatores).

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is a useful tool for identifying interspecific variation in often overlooked structures that may represent useful sources for informative phylogenetic characters. In this study, we used SEM to compare the morphology of 12 cosmetid species from Central America, the Caribbean, and North America including multiple species for the genera Cynorta, Erginulus, and Paecilaema. To determine if microanatomical structures were unique to the cosmetid taxa under examination, we investigated the microanatomical structures of six additional species of gonyleptoidean harvestmen representing the families Agoristenidae, Cranaidae, Gonyleptidae, Manaosbiidae, and Stygnidae. Our results indicate that the shape of the ocularium (narrow, intermediate, or broad) did not vary within cosmetid genera, whereas the morphology of the rough pit glands on the eye mound varied considerably between species. Each cosmetid species had 10–20 rough pit glands on the ocularium whereas only the eye mounds of Avima intermedia (Agoristenidae) and Glysterus sp. (Gonyleptidae) had similar structures. With regards to the surface texture of the dorsal scutum, cosmetid harvestmen exhibited a rivulose-microgranulate morphology (6 species), a microtuberculate-rivulose-microrgranulate morphology (4 species), or a microgranulate morphology (2 species). In contrast, each of the gonyleptoidean species exhibited a microgranulate pattern, with the exception of Stygnoplus clavotibialis, which had a rivulose-microgranulate surface texture. For cosmetid harvestmen, we observed considerable interspecific variation in the shape and number of teeth on the fixed and moveable fingers of the male chelicerae. Similarly, we also observed interspecific variation in the distribution and shape of tubercles on the ventral and dorsal surfaces of the femur of the pedipalp. Overall, our results indicate that there are several microanatomical structures associated with the ocularium, dorsal scutum, male chelicera, and pedipalp that could represent informative phylogenetic characters in future taxonomic studies of cosmetid harvestmen. J. Morphol. 275:1386–1405, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Increased differentiation and reduced gene flow in sex chromosomes relative to autosomes between lineages of the brown creeperCerthia americana

The properties of sex chromosomes, including patterns of inheritance, reduced levels of recombination, and hemizygosity in one of the sexes may result in the faster fixation of new mutations via drift and natural selection. Due to these patterns and processes, the two rules of speciation to describe the genetics of postzygotic isolation, Haldane's rule and the large-X effect, both explicitly include quicker evolution on sex chromosomes relative to autosomes. Because sex-linked mutations may be the first to become fixed in the speciation process, and appear to be due to stronger genetic drift (in birds), we may identify pronounced genetic differentiation in sex chromosomes in taxa experiencing recent speciation and diverging mainly via genetic drift. Here, we use nine sex-linked and 21 autosomal genetic markers to investigate differential divergence and introgression between marker types in Certhia americana. We identified increased levels of genetic differentiation and reduced levels of gene flow on sex chromosomes relative to autosomes. This pattern is similar to those observed in other recently-divergent avian species, providing another case study of the earlier role of sex chromosomes in divergence, relative to autosomes. Additionally, we identify three markers that may be under selection between Certhia americana lineages.
Ca2+ binding and extraction of 4-hour-aged rat mitochondria.

Abstract 1. 1. High affinity Ca 2+ binding was considerably inhibited by antimycin A + rotenone in 4-hr-aged rat liver mitochondria. 2. 2. Two kinds of high-affinity binding sites, energy independent and dependent or inhibitor-sensitive and a small amount of Ca 2+ transport, are supposed to exist. 3. 3. 28, 41, 2 and 5% of the loaded Ca 2+ was extracted with the stepwise extraction with 0.25 M sucrose, distilled water, 0.2 M KCl, and chloroform-methanol (2:1), respectively and 24% of the Ca 2+ remained in the mitochondria.
Cold, Cold Heart: Who's Afraid of No Country for Old Men?

Stories of people killing people are a central part of culture and contain profound statements about important human issues. Senseless killings are particularly problematic. The long history of senseless killings in movies leads up to the 2007 movie, No Country for Old Men, in which senselessness has been raised to a peak. Although it is not a great commercial success, the movie has been recognized as deep, powerful, and important. In particular, the senseless killer has been judged to be one of the most frightening in movie history. The meaning of this fear may be found in examining the social and cultural context of contemporary life.
Changes in low levels of lead over the course of pregnancy and the association with birth outcomes

Data are lacking on the effect of low level prenatal lead exposure. We examined the change in blood lead from the second trimester until delivery and the association between maternal and cord blood lead and birth outcomes in 98 participants of the CANDLE birth cohort study. Mixed effects models were constructed to assess blood lead change over pregnancy and regression models were used to explore the relationship with cord blood lead, characteristics effecting maternal lead, birth weight and gestational age. Overall, the geometric mean maternal blood level was 0.43 μg/dL. Maternal blood lead at each time point was predictive of cord blood lead level. A 0.1 μg/dL increase in second trimester lead was associated with lower birth weight and pre-term birth. Maternal blood lead below 1 μg/dL behaves in a manner similar to lead at higher levels and is associated with a small decrease in birth weight and gestational age.
Progesterone Receptor Isoform Functions in Normal Breast Development and Breast Cancer

Progesterone acting through two isoforms of the progesterone receptor (PR), PRA and PRB, regulates proliferation and differentiation in the normal mammary gland in mouse, rat and human. Progesterone and PR have also been implicated in the etiology and pathogenesis of human breast cancer. The focus of this review is on recent advances in understanding the role of the PR isoform specific functions in the normal breast and in breast cancer. Also discussed is information obtained from rodent studies and their relevance to our understanding of the role of progestins in breast cancer etiology.
On the transverse vibration of a rubber string

The nearly constant pitch of the sound radiated by a sufficiently stretched rubber cord, a phenomenon observed independently by two experimenters at the turn of the century, is explained analytically for three ideal rubberlike material models. Transverse vibrational frequency data for three kinds of rubber strings, obtained with the aid of a novel laser apparatus, are compared with the analytical results. A numerical scheme is introduced to compute from the experimental data the apparent average number of links in a molecular chain of a rubberlike material from both simple tension and transverse frequency measurements. It is shown that the nearly flat frequency response is a molecular network finite extensibility effect that is controlled by the apparent number of links in a chain of the molecular network structure.
Theoretical Analysis of the Pulse-Clamp Method as Applied to Neural Stimulating Electrodes

A mathematical model was developed to simulate potential pulse clamp experiments at inert-electrode/aqueous solution interfaces in the absence of dioxygen or other adventitious redox active species. This model incorporates a potential invariant interfacial capacitor, a kinetically slow redox couple with parameters consistent with the reaction on polycrystalline Au in acid electrolytes as the only faradaic process involved, and diffusion as the only mode of mass transport in solution phase. Numerical integration of the resulting system of differential equations was found to yield results in good agreement with experimental data reported by Mortimer and co-workers for Au in dearated sulfuric acid solutions. A detailed analysis of these calculations identified the fast and slow recoverable charges to be capacitive and the unrecoverable charges to be faradaic. The results obtained indicated that for small overpotentials the charge is stored in the interfacial capacitor, and that significant faradaic processes occur only when the overpotential is large. Furthermore, during the delay, and despite the fact that no current flows through the external circuit, the capacitor discharges via the faradaic reaction, increasing the total amount of product generated. More importantly, under the conditions selected for the simulations, none of the faradaic charge is recovered during the potential controlled stage of the sequence. These results provide insight into the relationships between stimulus parameters and charge injected into irreversible faradaic reactions, which may generate biologically harmful species. In general, as stimulus pulse durations increase, unrecoverable charge increases. Also, as the delay increases between the end of the primary and beginning of the secondary pulse, unrecoverable charge increases. Furthermore, based on the mathematical model used herein, the use of an electrode material with a small exchange current density would allow greater overpotentials to be reached before the onset of significant faradaic reactions, and thus greater total charge injection prior to faradaic reactions. © 2001 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Cultural politics and masculinities: Multiple‐partners in historical perspective in KwaZulu‐Natal

Drawing from ethnographic, archival and secondary research, this article examines multiple‐sexual partners in historical perspective in KwaZulu‐Natal, a South Africa province where one in three people are thought to be HIV positive. Research on masculinities, multiple‐partners, and AIDS has been predominantly directed towards the present day. This article stresses the importance of unraveling the antecedents of contemporary masculinities particularly the gendered cultural politics through which they have been produced. Arguing against dominant conceptions of African masculinity as being innate or static, it charts the rise and fall of the isoka, the Zulu man with multiple‐sexual partners, over the last century. Showing how the isoka developed through changing conditions occasioned by capitalism, migrant labor and Christianity, it contends that an important turning point took place from the 1970s when high unemployment threatened previous expressions of manliness, notably marriage, setting up an independen...
New analogs of vitamin D3

New analogs of vitamin D3. Calcitriol, the most active metabolite of vitamin D, controls parathyroid gland growth and suppresses the synthesis and secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH). However, because of its potent effects on intestinal calcium absorption and bone mobilization, calcitriol treatment can induce hypercalcemia, often precluding its use at therapeutic doses. Hyperphosphatemia is also a persistent problem among patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis and can be aggravated by therapeutic doses of calcitriol. Several pharmaceutical companies were able to modify the side-chain of the 1,25(OH)2D3, allowing some of these new analogs to retain the action on the parathyroid glands while decreasing their hypercalcemic and hyperphosphatemic effects. The structure-activity relationship for ligand-mediated transcriptional regulation has been studied in detail. In some analogs the serum binding protein (DBP) plays a key role in determining the pharmacokinetics of the vitamin D compound. The affinity to DBP for 22-oxacalcitriol (OCT), an analog of calcitriol for the treatment of secondary hyperparathryoidism, is approximately 300–400 times lower than that of calcitriol and the analog is rapidly cleared from the circulation. The mechanisms for the selectivity of 19-nor-1,25(OH)2D2 (paricalcitol) (Zemplar®) another analog of calcitriol, is clearly different from OCT. Although the mechanisms of action is not completely known, it does appear that paricalcitol down-regulates the VDR in the intestine. It is likely that the unique biological profiles of vitamin D analogs in vivo are due to multiple mechanisms. Understanding the molecular basis of the analog selectivity will not only provide an explanation for their unique actions but allow intelligent design of more effective analogs in the future.
Iterative Reconstruction of Large Scenes Using Heterogeneous Feature Tracking

With image capturing technology growing ubiquitous in consumer products and scientific studies, there is a corresponding growth in the applications that utilize scene structure for deriving information. This trend has also been reflected in the plethora of recent studies on reconstruction using robust structure from motion, bundle adjustment, and related techniques. Most of these studies, however, have concentrated on unstructured collections of images. In this paper, we propose a feature tracking and reconstruction framework for structured image collections using heterogenous features. This is motivated by the observation that images contain a small number of features that are fast/easy to track and a large number of features that are difficult/slow to track. By tracking these separately, we show that we can not only improve the tracking speed, but also improve the tracking accuracy by using a camera geometry based descriptor. We demonstrate this on a new challenging dataset which contains images of Arctic sea ice. The reconstruction pipeline constructed using the proposed method provides near real time reconstruction of the scene, enabling the user to parse vast amounts of data rapidly. Quantitative comparisons with baseline SFM techniques show that reconstruction accuracy does not suffer.
Laser-driven synthesis and magnetic properties of iron nanoparticles

Nanoparticles of iron have been prepared by laser-driven decomposition of iron pentacarbonyl vapor. In this method, an infrared laser rapidly heats a dilute mixture of precursor vapors to decompose the precursor and initiate particle nucleation. It was found that when using SF6 as a photosensitizer during the synthesis, ferrous fluoride (FeF2) was produced as an undesired byproduct in the product powder. The particle size, composition, and crystalline structure have been characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Results of magnetization measurements for small iron nanoparticles (about 5 nm diameter) are also presented, showing superparamagnetic behavior at room temperature, and a blocking temperature near 125 K.
Drinking during Pregnancy in Alcoholic Women

Assessment of specific periods of bringe drinking (including dates, duration, and amount consumed) would seem particularly important in research on the outcome of pregnancy. One study has already shown that brain malformations in stillborn and expired infants were more related to the pattern of drinking than to overall "AA score."
Is education ripe for a paradigm shift? The case for the Capability Approach

Abstract This article suggests that for the last three decades (and possibly longer) educational policy and research in the United States has been dominated by a utilitarian/ consequentialist derived paradigm. The rules and tools that have emerged out of this paradigm, however, have for the most part failed to solve critical puzzles and solutions to important education-based problems. These failures, as Thomas Kuhn suggested, have thrown the paradigm into crisis. While those working within the paradigm continue to believe that a newly discovered rule system or set of tools may offer solutions not yet found and progress not yet realised, the current state of crisis also may presage the emergence of an alternative paradigm to take the place of the current, dominant one. The Capability Approach (CA) of Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum is one possibility for such an alternative paradigm, meeting many of the threshold qualities suggested by Kuhn in his discussion of paradigm shifts. CA would move educational po...
Current research in multirobot systems

As research progresses in distributed robotic systems, more and more aspects of multirobot systems are being explored. This article describes advances in multirobot systems, and surveys the current state of the art. The focus is principally on research that has been demonstrated in physical robot implementations. I have identified eight primary research topics within multirobot systems—biological inspirations, communication, architectures, localization/mapping/exploration, object transport and manipulation, motion coordination, reconfigurable robots, and learning—and discuss the current state of research in these areas. As I describe each research area, I identify some key open issues in multirobot team research, and conclude by identifying several additional open research issues in distributed mobile robotic systems.
SPECT regional cerebral blood flow and neuropsychological testing in non-demented HIV-positive drug abusers: preliminary results.

Abstract Woods, Scott W., Stephanie S. O'Malley, Brenda L. Martini, Christopher J. Mcdougle, Lawrence H. Price, John H. Krystal, Paul B. Hoffer, and Thomas R. Kosten: SPECT Regional Cerebral Blood Flow In Non-Demented HIV-Positive Drug Abusers. Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. & Blol. Psychiat., 1991, 15 (5): 649–662. 1. 1. Non-demented HIV seropositive and seronegative methadone maintained patients and healthy volunteers (n = 10 each) participated. 2. 2. All subjects underwent SPECT regional cerebral blood flow scanning following injection of Tc-99m HMPAO. All patients underwent neuropsychologic (NP) testing. 3. 3. The left striatum/whole brain blood flow ratio was elevated in the HIV positive group compared to the healthy subjects. Two HIV positive patients had clearly abnormal striatal ratios. Both groups were impaired on NP testing; HIV+ patients were somewhat more impaired on tests of sustained attention and verbal memory. 4. 4. SPECT scanning with Tc-99 HMPAO may identify a subgroup of HIV positive patients with evidence of CNS involvement prior to onset of dementia symptoms.
Help-seeking tendencies during early adolescence: An examination of motivational correlates and consequences for achievement

Abstract The present study examined the motivational correlates and achievement consequences of students’ help-seeking tendencies during sixth grade ( N = 217). Students’ grades were collected from school records at the beginning and end of the school year. Midway through the year students reported on their academic self-efficacy and social demonstration goals; teachers reported on students’ help-seeking tendencies. First quarter grades and academic self-efficacy were positively related to adaptive help seeking and negatively related to avoidant help seeking. In addition, a social demonstration-approach goal was negatively related to adaptive help seeking. Help-seeking tendencies predicted 3rd quarter grades, controlling for 1st quarter grades.
The Perfluorocarbon Liquid/Plastic Film Capacitor Technology and High Voltage Dielectric System

Sandia National Laboratories has developed a capacitor technology based upon impregnation of plastic film capacitor rolls with perfluorocarbon insulating liquids. Perfluorocarbon liquids are made from various hydrocarbon liquids through a complete exchange of the hydrogen atoms with fluorine atoms. The plastic films evaluated to date include polyester, polysulfone, polypropylene, polycarbonate, and polyimide. After in-depth evaluation of the perfluorocarbon impregnants in capacitor research, development, and recently in production, we conclude that they are highly effective materials for this application. No other single liquid displays their range of required properties. Perhaps their most valuable properties as impregnants are their low surface tensions (12 dyne/cm) coupled with low kinematic viscosities (0.4 cS). These result in void-free impregnation and wetting of the interior surfaces of plastic film rolls without need for such auxiliary measures as interleaved paper wicks. In research directed toward developing a long life, repetitive ive pulse, high reliability, and high energy density capacitor technology, another capability of these liquids has been demonstrated. If a low temperature perfluorocarbon arbon liquid is chosen, an evaporative coolant function will stabilize the system temperature below that which would cause thermal degradation of the critical electrical properteis of the plastic film dielectrics.
“Time of the Month” on Twitter: Taboo, Stereotype and Bonding in a No-Holds-Barred Public Arena

In tweets ranging from endearing to offensive, and in words expressing frustration, vexation, humor and sense, that “time of the month” is overwhelmingly portrayed on Twitter as one populated by irrational, moody, needy, suffering women and victimized, sometimes cruelly angry, men. This qualitative close study analyses 2,211 English-language tweets referencing menstruation (archived as a constructed week during April–May 2010). It explores the character and seeming purposes of the perpetuation of menstrual prohibitions and stereotypes in a global publication medium that allows unregulated self-expression. A social constructionist perspective, however, suggests that ready access to multiple realities in a transparent media environment might influence or alter how menstruation is positioned within various communities of knowledge.
Studies on the initial interactions of bacteriophage epsilon15 with its host cell, Salmonella anatum.

Abstract The initial interaction between bacteriophage ϵ15 and its host cell, Salmonella anatum involves at least three steps including adsorption, enzymatic cleavage of surface polysaccharide (O-antigen) and ejection of DNA. The DNA ejection function exhibits the most stringent pH and temperature requirements and is also divalent cation-dependent. DNA ejection can be completely inhibited under conditions which are permissive both for adsorption and O-polysaccharide depolymerization. Phage attachment to cells shows the least dependence upon physical conditions, whereas O-antigen depolymerization appears to be of intermediate sensitivity. Several mutants of bacteriophage ϵ15 with mutations in the tail gene were isolated which were abnormal in one or more of the above steps. The phenotypes of the mutants support the kinetic data in showing the initial attachment of phage to cells does not require depolymerization of O-antigen and that depolymerization of O-antigen is necessary but not sufficient for triggering release of phage DNA. In addition, the mutants prove that the tail protein of phage ϵ15 is responsible for initial attachment of phage to cells and for depolymerization of cellular O-antigen. Tail protein also appears to be directly involved in DNA release from the phage capsid.
A useful infrared source.

Reliable Inconel-sheathed cartridge heaters rated at hundreds or thousands of watts have been in use for many years. Miniature heaters have been manufactured, having axial leads, which when treated with an emissive coating meet or exceed Globar emissivities in the ir. Free-air temperatures approximating 800°C have been obtained for power inputs of 10 W, while temperatures as high as 1150°C are possible for short lifetimes, e.g., 10 h, at power dissipations of 24 W or more. Sources can be designed to operate from dc or ac power with higher voltages and lower currents depending upon physical size limitations, resulting in simplified power supply problems. Although voltages from 12 V to 230 V are practical for larger units, the sources described below operated at 1060°C from a nominal 1.07 A at 18.7 V dc for a power consumption of 20 W variable continuously about this value. The small dimensions of these sources compare favorably to those of a 0.5-W electronic resistor. The present units are cylindrical, 1 cm long × 4 mm diam. The construction of smaller units is possible but difficult under present state-of-the-art limitations.
Magnetic coupling in Fe/Cr superlattices

Abstract We have calculated the magnetic coupling of two layers of iron through an intervening layer of chromium. We use the mixing interaction between iron atoms at the interfaces with the conduction electrons of chromium and the band structure of paramagnetic chromium. When we take into account the roughness of the interface, our calculated coupling reproduces the essential features of the coupling found in Fe/Cr superlattices.
Effects of Interruptions on Consumer Online Decision Processes

The growth of e-commerce and its attendant new technology features has increased interactivity in consumer information processing and decision-making processes. The pull and push of information can be both more personalized and more commonly used. The ease of pushing information may lead to interruptions in consumer information processing that are more pronounced than those experienced in non-Internet environments. Our study investigated the impact of interruption frequency, timing, and content and the moderating effects of consumer knowledge, control, and goal type on time spent on the decision task as well as satisfaction with the decision process and the choice. Our results show that the right configuration of interruptions may lead to increased online viewing time, whereas ill-designed interruptions may be detrimental.
The effects of estradiol on body weight and food intake in normal weight VMH-lesioned rats.

Abstract The effects of estradiol on food intake and body weight were examined in ovariectomized and VMH-lesioned, ovariectomized rats that were prevented from supranormal weight gain by food restriction. Estradiol injections that were effective in reducing weight in supranormal weight, ovariectomized rats had no effect on weight in normal weight, ovariectomized or VMH-lesioned, ovariectomized rats. Estradiol did not prevent hyperphagia and weight gain in VMH-lesioned, ovariectomized rats when they were provided with ad lib food.
The topology of collective leadership

Abstract Over the past decade, there has been a surge of both theoretical and empirical research to explore the possibilities of shared leadership, a reorientation of leadership away from understanding the actions and interactions of “leaders” to understanding the emergent, informal, and dynamic “leadership” brought about by the members of the collective itself. Naturally, this focus on topology (or structural patterning) has prompted researchers to leverage the advancements in network analytic methodology to understand this paradigm of leadership. Despite the recognition of the unique advantage of studying collective leadership using network analysis, there has been a translational gap. The current paper aims to fill this gap, bridging the core ideas that epitomize collective leadership to the social network metrics and analytics needed to fully understand its antecedents and consequences.
A Study of the Likert Technique of Attitude Scale Construction

(1941). A Study of the Likert Technique of Attitude Scale Construction. The Journal of Social Psychology: Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 51-57.
Manual Asymmetries During Verbal and Spatial Block Design Construction

To examine the effects of cognitive task demands on manual asymmetry, 40 male and 40 female college students were asked to simultaneously construct two replicas of a verbal or spatial block design task, one with each hand. In addition, a verbal and spatial competition task also was performed concurrently with each of the two primary tasks in a dual task paradigm. The spatial primary task elicited increased left-hand use relative to baseline performance, but only in males. An increase in right-hand use was observed during performance of the verbal primary task, again primarily among males. The effects of concurrent cognitive tasks on hand utilization were observed only in subjects performing the verbal primary task, and only when the concurrent task was verbal in nature. Implications for theories of functional cerebral lateralization are discussed.
Information does not affect the validity of a comparison question test

Purpose. Detailed information about the comparison question test (CQT) and possible countermeasures are now available on the Internet. This study examined whether the provision of such information would affect the validity of the Test for Espionage and Sabotage, a directed lie variant of the CQT. Method. Forty participants were divided into four equal groups: guilty, guilty informed, innocent, and innocent informed. During a first appointment, participants either did or did not commit a mock crime: then some were provided with a book containing detailed information on the CQT, including possible countermeasures. After 1 week with the book, all participants were administered a CQT during their second appointment. Following the polygraph, participants responded to a questionnaire that asked them about their behaviour and perceptions during their examination. Results. There were no significant effects of providing information on the validity of the CQT. However, the reported use of countermeasures was associated with a lower probability of truthfulness. Results of the debriefing questionnaire were found to support predictions made by the theory of the CQT. Conclusions. Concerns that readily available information will enable guilty individuals to produce false-negative errors seem unfounded. Moreover, the results actually indicate that the use of countermeasures was associated with a lower probability of truthfulness, which was exactly the opposite outcome predicted by the CQT critics.
Test Methods to Predict Long-Term Corrosion of Container Materials in Repositories

MCC test methods in support of basalt, salt and tuff repositories are described. The methods consist of three general corrosion tests for basalt, two general corrosion tests and three corrosion tests for salt, and two general corrosion tests for tuff. The tests encompass the various conditions that are expected in the different repositories. A summary is provided of experimental activities of the MCC, and detailed results of MCC 105.1 Test Method for Long Term General Corrosion in a Basalt Repository (Static System) for standardized, benchmark conditions are presented. A summary of the statistical treatment of data is provided with examples of confidence intervals and the dependence on number of test vessels. The total relative standard deviation for the mean corrosion penetration rate was 11.4% for a mean corrosion penetration rate of 0.0244 mm/y for 120 d tests at 100{sup 0}C. 2 references, 3 figures, 4 tables.
Co-chaperone BAG3 Has Critical Roles For Maintaining Z-disc And Myofibrillar Structure Under Mechanical Stress

Bcl-2 associated athano gene 3 (BAG3) is a member of the co-chaperone BAG family proteins that bind to and regulate Hsp70 molecular chaperones. The bag3 deficient mice develop severe myopathy and die before 4 weeks after birth. Pathological pattern of the myopathy indicated myofibrillar degeneration with Z-disk disruption and is categorized in myofibrillar myopathy. Recent genetic analysis of myofibrillar myopathy cases revealed mutations in various heterogeneous genes, which encode proteins connecting to or existing on Z-disc, and supporting its structure. To understand the molecular mechanism of myofibrillar degeneration observed in bag3 deficient muscle, we used primary culture of rat neonatal cardiomyocytes with shRNA mediated gene knockdown and addressed the effect of mechanical stretch on Z-disc and myofibrillar structure. Equibiaxial strain was applied to cardiomyocytes, which were infected with adenovirus carrying siRNA of bag3. Interestingly, in bag3 knockdown cardiomyocytes, mechanical stretch rapidly disrupted both F-actin and Z-disc structures. Ex-vivo contracture experiments of papillary muscle strips of bag3 null mice indicated a rapid reduction of both active and passive tension. We will discuss potential molecular mechanism of BAG3 for maintenance of myofibrillar structure under the mechanical stress. This work is supported by NIH AR052925.