cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Employer, use of personal protective equipment, and work safety climate: Latino poultry processing workers.

Background This analysis describes the work safety climate of Latino poultry processing workers and notes differences by worker personal characteristics and employer; describes the use of common personal protective equipment (PPE) among workers; and examines the associations of work safety climate with use of common PPE. Methods Data are from a cross-sectional study of 403 Latino poultry processing workers in western North Carolina. Results Work safety climate differed little by personal characteristics, but it did differ consistently by employer. Provision of PPE varied; for example, 27.2% of participants were provide with eye protection at no cost, 57.0% were provided with hand protection at no cost, and 84.7% were provided with protective clothing at no cost. PPE use varied by type. Provision of PPE at no cost was associated with lower work safety climate; this result was counter-intuitive. Consistent use of PPE was associated with higher work safety climate. Conclusions Work safety climate is important for improving workplace safety for immigrant workers. Research among immigrant workers should document work safety climate for different employers and industries, and delineate how work safety climate affects safety behavior and injuries. Am. J. Ind. Med. 56:180–188, 2013. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Learning Disabled Children's Comprehension of Nonverbal Communication

A problem shared by many learning disabled youngsters which confounds their academic difficulties is adequate social adjustment. Frequently, inadequate social adjustment among the learning disabled is conceived of as derived from their academic failure, mediated by lowered self-confidence. Various psychodynamic and social-psychological explanations for this phenomenon are widely known. In this article, Bryan poses an alternative, that the learning disabled child may be less sensitive to social cues and, hence, may be more apt to misinterpret them, the result being inappropriate, maladaptive social behavior. While confirmation of this hypothesis in no way disproves the fact that some children may show inappropriate social behavior for other reasons, the demonstration that some learning disabled children do have less accurate social perceptions has distinctive remedial implications which Bryan discusses. — G.M.S.
Scale Dependence of Monsoonal Convective Systems over the Indian Ocean

Deep convective clouds in the Tropics have long been recognized to occur on a wide spectrum of spatial scales, ranging from the individual cumulus to the meso- and synoptic-scale cloud systems. The objective of this paper is to examine the scale dependence of the properties of clouds embedded in the Intertropical Convergence Zone. The Indian Ocean during the winter and summer monsoons offers an ideal domain to undertake this study, which uses INSAT-1B infrared imagery. The cloud systems are retrieved using the detect and spread algorithm and classified according to their top temperatures. Their spatial extension spans a continuous spectrum of individual clouds ranging from 500 km2 to 106 km2. The spatial distribution of these convective clouds over the Indian Ocean exhibits an increase in convective activity during boreal winter compared to summer. Despite the drastic modification of the synoptic environment over the seasonal cycle, intrinsic cloud properties in January and July are shown to be very similar. The intrinsic cloud properties that are retrieved are the convective core area relative to the total cloud area, the area colder than 240 K (corresponding roughly to stratiform precipitation), the average cloud-top temperature of the entire cloud (core and anvil), and the minimum cloud-top temperature within a cloud that is assumed to denote the temperature of the overshooting cloud tops. The analysis reveals a critical scale of about 10 4 km2, which distinguishes two separate convective regimes of scale-dependent cloud properties. Below the critical scale, the cloud mean effective temperature increases with cloud size and the relative core area decreases with the size. The overshooting cloud-top temperature is invariant to the cloud scale. For scales larger than the critical value, the scale dependence is reversed: the mean cloud temperature decreases, the fractional core area increases, and the overshooting cloud top strongly decreases as the cloud size increases. Essentially, the area of undiluted deep convective core increases with the total area of the cloud system, in turn affecting the macroscale properties such as cloud greenhouse effect and tropopause temperature, to name a few. In particular, it is the larger-scale ( .104 km2) organized system that penetrates to the tropopause and determines the tropopause altitude, while the smaller scales ( ,104 km2) hardly reach the upper troposphere. Diurnal variations of the convective cloud cover are also presented with respect to the cloud size. The diurnal cycle of these systems depends significantly on their scale and exhibits complex patterns. A discussion of these cloud statistics is then offered in the context of general circulation model parameterization.
Race and Regionalism in the Politics of Taxation in Brazil and South Africa: APPENDIX: COMPARATIVE-HISTORICAL ANALYSIS

The findings presented in Chapters 3 through 5 are based on analyses of an historical database developed for this research project. The database was designed to make comparisons with respect to over-time political, economic, and social processes across countries. It integrates historical observations from secondary sources, and from a host of primary sources, including newspaper articles, in-depth interviews, and analysis of survey data. The analysis was carried out by organizing this eclectic set of data into an analyzable electronic format, largely through Microsoft Access software. That software provided significant flexibility in sorting records by place, time, variable, and/or on key words, facilitating the development of qualitative comparisons. Ultimately, the analyses still required interpretation and discussion, as presented in the book chapters, but the organization of the data in this format greatly simplified the task of creating historical narratives, and this technique may be useful for other scholars. Analysis The database was designed to facilitate comparative-historical analysis – that is, the making of comparisons of outcomes and processes simultaneously across time and space. The main challenge in designing the database was that the historical record of countries does not neatly fit into a grid of time series cross-sectional data. That is, there is sufficient incongruence between the units of observation (real events and outcomes) and the units of analysis (periods) that it was necessary to develop a tool for analysis that would allow me to retrieve data in a variety of different formats, allowing me to quickly assess the historical order of various outcomes and processes and to compare those outcomes across countries.
Genotype-guided tacrolimus dosing in African-American kidney transplant recipients

Tacrolimus is dependent on CYP3A5 enzyme for metabolism. Expression of the CYP3A5 enzyme is controlled by several alleles including CYP3A5*1, CYP3A5*3, CYP3A5*6 and CYP3A5*7. African Americans (AAs) have on average higher tacrolimus dose requirements than Caucasians; however, some have requirements similar to Caucasians. Studies in AAs have primarily evaluated the CYP3A5*3 variant; however, there are other common nonfunctional variants in AAs (CYP3A5*6 and CYP3A5*7) that do not occur in Caucasians. These variants are associated with lower dose requirements and may explain why some AAs are metabolically similar to Caucasians. We created a tacrolimus clearance model in 354 AAs using a development and validation cohort. Time after transplant, steroid and antiviral use, age and CYP3A5*1, *3, *6 and *7 alleles were significant toward clearance. This study is the first to develop an AA-specific genotype-guided tacrolimus dosing model to personalize therapy.
Generalized vs. Particularized Social Capital: Social Capital and Local Self-Governance in Urban China

Scholars of social capital are still exploring and debating which type of social capital plays what kind of role in shaping economic development and government performance in different economic and political systems at various levels. To contribute to this important exploration and debate, this paper examines the impacts of two types of social capital — generalized and particularized — on the performance of grassroots self-government institutions in urban China based on an original survey of 144 urban neighborhood communities in China’s three major cities. The findings indicate that the generalized social capital embodied in the indiscriminative trust and inclusive social networks positively affected the performance of the self-government institutions, while the particularized social capital as manifested in discriminative trust and exclusive social networks negatively impacted such performance. These findings help clarify some theoretical issues and shed some light on the prospects of the local self-government system in China.
Evolution of Strategy and Commercial Relationships for Social Media Platforms: The Case of YouTube

We describe and analyze YouTube as a multisided platform with participants that include users, advertisers and content contributors, many of whom play dual and highly varied roles. YouTube’s role in structuring and managing relationships among platform participants with an eye to its own profitability is examined along with a sequence of elaborations on its business model that changed YouTube from a relatively simple service that sold advertisers access to web audiences generated by amateur videos uploaded by other internet users to a service that increasingly features commercial content from a diverse set of sources. This progressive layering of features that themselves are not inherently social on top of a social media foundation is similar to patterns of service elaboration exhibited by other social media services as they matured.
Industry and Occupation in the Electronic Health Record: An Investigation of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Industry and Occupation Computerized Coding System

Background: Inclusion of information about a patient’s work, industry, and occupation, in the electronic health record (EHR) could facilitate occupational health surveillance, better health outcomes, prevention activities, and identification of workers’ compensation cases. The US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has developed an autocoding system for “industry” and “occupation” based on 1990 Bureau of Census codes; its effectiveness requires evaluation in conjunction with promoting the mandatory addition of these variables to the EHR. Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the intercoder reliability of NIOSH’s Industry and Occupation Computerized Coding System (NIOCCS) when applied to data collected in a community survey conducted under the Affordable Care Act; to determine the proportion of records that are autocoded using NIOCCS. Methods: Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) codes are used by several federal agencies in databases that capture demographic, employment, and health information to harmonize variables related to work activities among these data sources. There are 359 industry and occupation responses that were hand coded by 2 investigators, who came to a consensus on every code. The same variables were autocoded using NIOCCS at the high and moderate criteria level. Results: Kappa was .84 for agreement between hand coders and between the hand coder consensus code versus NIOCCS high confidence level codes for the first 2 digits of the SOC code. For 4 digits, NIOCCS coding versus investigator coding ranged from kappa=.56 to .70. In this study, NIOCCS was able to achieve production rates (ie, to autocode) 31%-36% of entered variables at the “high confidence” level and 49%-58% at the “medium confidence” level. Autocoding (production) rates are somewhat lower than those reported by NIOSH. Agreement between manually coded and autocoded data are “substantial” at the 2-digit level, but only “fair” to “good” at the 4-digit level. Conclusions: This work serves as a baseline for performance of NIOCCS by investigators in the field. Further field testing will clarify NIOCCS effectiveness in terms of ability to assign codes and coding accuracy and will clarify its value as inclusion of these occupational variables in the EHR is promoted. [JMIR Med Inform 2016;4(1):e5]
U.S.-Drones Strikes: Acts of Terror, Violence, or Coercion?

While state terrorism as a crime does not exist in international law, it does not mean that it does not exist as a social fact. This essay analyses whether the US-drone strikes, particularly in the tribal regions of northern Pakistan and Afghanistan, qualify as acts of terror, violence, or coercion. Particularly, it focusses on the distinction between individual strikes, which are supposed to target a person whose identity is known, and signature strikes. The latter are based on a person’s behavior patterns and are consider far more controversial than the individual strikes. For the empirical data, the essay relies primarily on the Stanford Law School’s Living under Drones project. In addition, based on a US Department of Justice White Paper that went public in February 2013, the essay analyses who is considered as an “imminent threat of violent attack” and who has the authority to identify persons who qualify as an imminent threat. Because the US-drone strikes are operating exterritorial, the essay is framed by the question of national and territorial sovereignty.
Effects of social games on infant vocalizations

The aim of the present study was to examine the contextual effects of social games on prelinguistic vocalizations. The two main goals were to (1) investigate the functions of vocalizations as symptoms of affective arousal and symbols of social understanding, and (2) explore form-function (de)coupling relations between vocalization types and game contexts. Seventy-one six-month-olds and sixty-four twelve-month-olds played with their mothers in normal and perturbed tickle and peek-a-boo games. The effects of infant age, game, game climax, and game perturbation on the frequency and types of infant vocalizations were examined. Results showed twelve-month-olds vocalized more mature canonical syllables during peek-a-boo and more primitive quasi-resonant nuclei during tickle than six-month-olds. Six- and twelve-month-olds increased their vocalizations from the set-up to climax during peek-a-boo, but they did not show such an increase during tickle. Findings support the symptom function of prelinguistic vocalizations reflecting affective arousal and the prevalence of form-function decoupling during the first year of life.
Vision-Based State Estimation for Uninhabited Aerial Vehicles

This paper presents an extension of the previous work by the authors on a vision-based state estimation algorithm for uninhabited aerial vehicles (UAVs) using the implicit extended Kalman filter (IEKF) and the coplanarity (or epipolar) constraint. The coplanarity constraint, a well-known property in the Structure from Motion (SFM) field, has advantages for this application in that the feature point locations in three dimensional spaces do not have to be known and tracked and that feature points can be discarded and acquired as necessary. This reduces the computational load which is important for real time applications such as aircraft control. Advantages of the IEKF are that, in principle, the current estimate uses all previous information, not just the current observations, and that the estimate will propagate forward in an orderly fashion in the case of interrupted or reduced measurements. The dynamics of the aircraft are included in the process model which improves the observability of the states and resolves the SFM scale factor ambiguity. A disadvantage is that the estimator is specific to the particular UAV model. The algorithm was implemented in a numerical simulation and exhibited significant biases in the state estimates. The bias problems were eliminated by zeroing out the small velocity dependent terms in the measurement matrix. The modified estimator was then employed in a UAV simulation to provide feedback to a simple autopilot. The simulation demonstrated that the state estimates provided were sufficiently accurate to allow control of the simulated UAV through successful waypoint navigation.
ÅKERMANITE BREAKDOWN TO A CUSPIDINE-BEARING SYMPLECTITE IN A CALC-SILICATE XENOLITH, KIGLAPAIT INTRUSION, LABRADOR, CANADA

We report here an occurrence of cuspidine as part of a complex symplectitic intergrowth formed from the breakdown of akermanite ( X Mg = 0.97, Na-mel 12 Gh 3 ) in a calc-silicate xenolith in the Kiglapait Intrusion, Labrador, Canada. The symplectite is dominated by aluminian diopside, cuspidine, and monticellite, but also contains a calcic garnet (Grs 70 ) and serpentine. Cuspidine approaches closely the ideal F-bearing composition. Average proportions of phases in the intergrowth are 33% clinopyroxene, 27% cuspidine, 21% monticellite, 9% garnet, and 9% serpentine. A reconstructed bulk-composition of the intergrowth approximately matches the composition of the adjacent akermanite, with the exception of Na and Fe, which were probably mobile (or retained in residual akermanite in the case of Na). The dominant phases in the intergrowth probably resulted from progress of the reaction: akermanite + F = diopside + cuspidine + monticellite, with additional grossular forming from the gehlenite component of melilite. Serpentine formed in a later stage of retrogression, once sufficient H 2 O was available. The peak T experienced by the xenolith is well constrained at ≥875°C, but the retrograde, symplectite-forming reaction is less certain (probably ≤700°C), with serpentine forming at an even lower T. Fluorine-rich cuspidine requires interaction with a F-bearing fluid, probably derived from the surrounding magma. This interpretation is consistent with the known volatile content of the Kiglapait Intrusion, which contained F far in excess of H 2 O and Cl.
Radiology in Intestinal Ischemia: Angiographic Diagnosis and Management

Angiography is an essential component of the diagnosis and treatment of patients with acute and chronic intestinal ischemia. Aortography and selective angiography permit identification of the cause and precise anatomy of intestinal ischemic syndromes, and also help plan their potential correction. Direct intra-arterial infusion of pharmacologic agents into splanchnic vessels has now become part of the therapy of these conditions. This article reviews angiographic techniques and their applications in the management of intestinal ischemic syndromes.
THE STRUCTURE OF LIMIT SETS: A SURVEY

This chapter discusses the following central problem: if φ(x o , ω o , t) is a solution of an initial value problem x′ = F(x, ω · t), x(0) = x that is bounded for t ≥ 0 and if Ω = Ω (x o , ω o ) = ∩ τ ∈ R cli π (x o , ω O , τ + t): t ≥ 0 is the ω -limit set of the corresponding motion π(x 0 , ω o , t) in R n × T k , then the problem is to classify or describe the various sets n that can arise as ω-limit sets. In this very general setting, it can be said that Ω is nonempty, compact, connected, and chain recurrent. In addition, if p: R n × T k → T k is the natural projection, then it can be asserted that p −l ( ω ) ∩ Ω is a nonempty compact set for every ω ∈ T k . To get further information about the structure of Ω, further conditions must be imposed on either the ambient space R n or the given solution φ (x o , ω o , t). The chapter reviews some contributions to this problem in the case of autonomous equations.
Organization of the Therapeutic Milieu in the Partial Hospital

Any gathering of two or more individuals develops an interaction, a social atmosphere or pressure, with which new persons added to the system may unconsciously resonate or be consciously influenced. If the effect is to raise the individual’s self-esteem, decrease symptoms, or increase social functioning, it is inferred that the context of the social system, the milieu, is therapeutic. If, on the other hand, the individual becomes more reclusive, persistently disorganized, or suicidal, the milieu can appropriately be labeled as antitherapeutic.
A direct solution deposition approach to CdTe thin films

A direct solution deposition approach to CdTe thin films is presented. The difficulty of co-dissolving Te and desirable Cd salts is overcome through a diamine–thiol solvent mixture. Thin films of densely-packed, micron-sized grains are achieved after annealing without the need for chalcogen or CdCl2 vapor treatments.
THE IMPACT OF LEADERSHIP STYLES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE IN ROKANA INDUSTRY OWERRI, IMO STATES, NIGERIA

This paper examined the Impact of leadership styles on organizational performance In Rokana Industry, In Owerri, Imo Sates Nigeria Purposive sampling technique was adopted in selecting a total of 113 respondents as sample for the study, while relevant data was gathered with the aid of structured questionnaire. One hypothesis was formulated and inferential statistical tool was used to analysis the data specifically. Simple percentage and Chi-square analysis were used to examine the relationship between leadership style dimensions and organizational performance, while Regression analysis was used to examine the significant effect of leadership style dimensions jointly predict organizational performance and the study concluded that transformational and democratic leadership style should be employed by Rokana Industry in order to wax stronger in a global competitive environment.
"Stay connected": psychological services for retired firefighters after 11 September 2001

Introduction:A large number of firefighters retired after 11 September 2001. These retirees were confronted with multiple challenges, including grief, trauma- related physical injuries and psychological distress, difficulties related to the transition of their roles, and deterioration of social support.Objective:The Fire Department of NewYork (FDNY) Counseling Service Unit's “Stay Connected” Program designed and implemented after 11 September 2001 is described in this report. This unique program was designed to usea combination of peer outreach and professional counseling to address the mental health needs of retiring firefighters and their families.Methods:Descriptive information about the intervention program was gathered through semi-structured interviews with Counseling Service Unit staff. Client satisfaction surveys were collected during three six-week periods.Results:Quantitative data indicate that clients rated their overall satisfaction with the clerical and counseling staff a perfect 4 out of 4. The report of their overall satisfaction with the services also was nearly at ceiling (3.99 out 4).The perceived helpfulness of the services in resolving the problems experienced by the clients increased significantly over time.Qualitative data indicate that peer involvement and intensive community outreach, i.e., social events, wellness activities, and classes, were integral to the success of the intervention.Conclusions:This project provided valuable lessons about how to develop and implement a “culturally competent”intervention program for public safety workers retiring after a disaster. Creative, proactive, non-traditional outreach efforts and leveraging peers for credibility and support were particularly important.
Climate Change Impacts on Bromide, Trihalomethane Formation, and Health Risks at Coastal Groundwater Utilities

AbstractIn some regions, sea level rise due to climate change is expected to increase saltwater intrusion in coastal aquifers, leading to increased salt levels in drinking water wells relying on th...
Financial Liberalization, Inequality and Inclusion in Low-Income Countries

This paper examines the distributional impact of capital account reforms and the linkage among liberalization, inequality and inclusion in low-income countries. Using a panel data for 29 low-income countries from 1970 to 2010, we find that capital account liberalization reforms are associated with statistically significant and persistent increase in income inequality in both short and medium term. We also highlight that the level of financial development has an important role in determining the response of inequality to liberalization: impact of capital account liberalization on inequality is larger in countries with lower level of credit market development and financial inclusion.
Neurointerfaces for Human-Machine Real Time Interaction

Abstract This article aims at showing how neural networks can be employed in the generation of human-machine interfaces (neurointerfaces) for practical real time applications. In a great number of real world applications, due to technical and economic factors, full automation is not possible. In such cases, the human presence is essential and indeed, the system performance becomes highly dependent on human skills. Accordingly, an interface that modifies the problem, allowing unskilled human operators to perform the same task in a satisfactory way, becomes extremely useful. The adaptive nonlinear inverse modeling approach is employed as the basic methodology for specification and design of neurointerfaces. A successful application, a neurointerface that helps an operator to back up a scaled truck model connected to single-trailer and double-trailer configurations, is presented.
A Low-Loss Fully Board-Integrated Low-Pass Filter Using Suspended Integrated Strip-Line Technology

This paper presents a low-loss fully board-integrated low-pass filter (LPF) using suspended integrated strip-line (SISL) technology. A multilayer board stack-up, with internally buried hollow cavities, is used to create the suspended strip-line. By transitioning from the top copper ground-backed coplanar waveguide trace to an internal strip-line and vice versa, a more traditional industry-standard utilization of the top copper can be realized with this SISL implementation. Based on the proposed design, an 11th-order generalized Chebyshev LPF, with a cutoff frequency of 18 GHz, has been designed and fabricated using standard printed circuit board fabrication processes. Compensated measured results show less than 1 dB of attenuation over the dc-18-GHz passband and greater than 30 dB of stopband attenuation up to 26 GHz. The proposed SISL technology LPF has advantages of low loss, compact size, and low cost, which are crucial to meet unprecedented reductions in size, weight, power, and cost (SWaP-C) of future systems.
Enhancing Impact Resistance of Polymer Blends via Self-Assembled Nanoscale Interfacial Structures

We have designed and engineered an environmentally sustainable ternary polymer blend with the mechanical properties comparable to high impact resistant conventional polymers under the guidance of the lattice self-consistent field model. In this blend system, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) was used as the compatibilizer for the poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/poly(butylene adipate-co-butylene terephthalate) (PBAT) blend. We characterized the compatibility of those components and found PMMA was miscible with PLA and partially compatible with PBAT, which allowed it to self-assemble to a nanoscale interfacial layer on the PLA/PBAT interface. This PMMA layer can significantly decrease the interfacial energy and strongly entangle with either PLA or PBAT, resulting in the strengthening of the interface and dramatically enhancement of the impact resistance of the ternary blend. The optimal mechanical performance was achieved when the total PMMA concentration was less than 10 wt %. Higher PMMA content embrittled the ble...
Creating Quality Online Course Design through a Peer-Reviewed Assessment

In online instruction, the effectiveness of the learning experience is manifest, in part, in the course design (Yang & Cornelious, 2005). The investment in up-front planning of a course is critical to constructing a comprehensive plan of instruction. It expresses the intentions of instruction, the methods of delivery and, most important, the assessment of learning necessary to produce learned graduates of our institutions. This paper explores the incorporation of Troy University’s Quality Assurance Initiative (QAI), based on Quality Matters (QM) principles, to conduct a peer-reviewed evaluation and subsequent improvement of online course design within its Master of Public Administration (MPA) program. The authors offer several key components to quality course design, specific components of the design that aid the student in understanding and following course instruction, and, finally, suggestions for continuing to improve online course design to meet the challenges that come with new technology and a new ...
Deferred Payment Sales

This proposal would treat cash received after the year of a deferred payment sale as ordinary income. Cash received would also be treated like boot, that is, as gain first.The proposal is made as a part of the Shelf Project, a collaboration by tax professionals to develop and perfect proposals to help Congress when it needs to raise revenue. Shelf Project proposals are intended to raise revenue, defend the tax base, follow the money, and improve the rationality and efficiency of the tax system. The tax community can propose, follow, or edit proposals at http://www.taxshelf.org. A longer description of the Shelf Project is found at ‘‘The Shelf Project: Revenue-Raising Projects That Defend the Tax Base,’’ Tax Notes, Dec. 10, 2007, p. 1077, Doc 2007-22632, or 2007 TNT 238-37.Shelf Project proposals follow the format of a congressional tax committee report in explaining current law, what is wrong with it, and how to fix it.Copyright 2008 Calvin H. Johnson.
Estrogen and Progestin Radiopharmaceuticals for Imaging Breast Cancer

Steroid Receptors in Breast Cancer. The presence of receptors for estrogens and progestins in many breast tumors offers a potential means for the selective localization of radiolabeled receptor ligands of appropriate design. This localization of radioactivity can be detected in the form of an image of the tumor. The degree to which the receptor-mediated uptake of such receptor-binding radiopharmaceuticals is selective for breast tumors will depend on a combination of factors that include: (1) the concentration of receptor and (2) its affinity for the specific ligand, (3) the affinity of the ligand for other receptors (heterologous binding) and other proteins (serum binding and nonspecific binding), (4) the chemical and metabolic characteristics of the ligand, (5) the nuclear emission characteristics of the radionuclide, and (6) the imaging detection device.
Patterns of Yielding Significant Regression Interaction Terms

The problem of interaction effects when interval level variables are used as regression predictors is considered. Multiplicative interaction terms are compared against partial interaction terms. A simulated data set has an interaction effect placed in one of nine locations of the bivariate distribution of the predictors. The partial interaction term is shown to estimate a larger interaction effect except when the location values of the interaction are leverage points.
Problems in Continuous Culture1

(1964). Problems in Continuous Culture. Proceedings. Annual meeting - American Society of Brewing Chemists: Vol. 22, Proceedings of the Annual Meeting 1964, pp. 14-21.
Medical Planning and Response to Hurricanes

Hurricanes and typhoons are slowly developing disaster scenarios, thus, allowing the population, prehospital emergency response systems, and hospitals to prepare prior to storm impact (Fig. 24.1).
Chapter 5 – Genomic Profiling in Bone

Whole genome gene expression datasets of tissues or homogeneous cell populations isolated from healthy or disease states (humans or animals) provide a glimpse of the entire transcriptome within a narrow temporal and spatial functional window and thereby assist the identification of key molecules and transcriptional regulatory networks within a biological system. Clusters of coexpressed genes can guide the discovery of candidate lineage markers and regulators of cell function. While gene expression profiling using microarrays and RNAseq have not yet been explored to their full potential in the field of skeletal biology, work over the last decade has presented data that have greatly benefited from genomic approaches. Here we will review recent work that has used gene expression profiling as a tool for furthering our understanding of: (1) cell specific gene expression and bone metabolism; (2) age-dependent and anatomical location-dependent differences in skeletal gene expression; (3) biomechanical effects on bone; (4) molecular changes in animal models of bone disease; (5) patients with osteoporosis (OP), and (6) noncoding RNAs in bone development and disease. We will focus primarily on literature that describes profiling of homogenous cells and tissue microdissection from patients or live animals, to provide an overview of genomic profiling that may more faithfully adhere to in vivo bone physiology.
Online Diaries for Professional Services

Online diaries, series of posts generated by consumers in chronological order to record their consumption experience over time, have recently emerged in professional services platforms. As a novel form of electronic-word-of-mouth (eWOM), an online diary has an initiating post and some optional follow-up posts. Compared to conventional online reviews with a single post, the dynamic structure of online diaries may change the way consumers search and process information. Using a large dataset from an online platform of cosmetic procedures, this paper empirically investigates: 1) whether providing follow-ups in online diaries affects the sales of professional services, and 2) how the impact of follow-ups is moderated by the perceived risk of professional services and the quality of service providers. We find that providing follow-ups in diaries has a positive effect on the sales of the respective cosmetic procedures. In addition, the effect is weaker for high-quality providers than for low-quality providers, indicating that the quality of providers substitutes the effect of follow-ups. Interestingly, the effect of follow-ups is asymmetric for procedures with high and low perceived risks. For high-risk procedures, providing follow-ups increases sales regardless of the quality of providers. On the other hand, for low-risk procedures, providing follow-ups substantially increases sales for low-quality providers, but not for high-quality providers. Finally, the substitution effect of the quality of providers over follow-ups is stronger for procedures with a lower perceived risk. Our findings provide important implications for both platform owners and service providers.
Translational research from animal models

Abstract This chapter discusses the translational value of research with animal models for understanding the interactions of stress, emotion, and cardiovascular processes. Evidence is provided from animal studies regarding mechanisms that may underlie the link between depression and cardiovascular disease. A discussion of stress-induced animal models of depression is first presented, including the protocols used to induce a depressive phenotype, measurement issues, and validity characteristics of the models. Second, the body of evidence is presented from research using these models that highlights mechanisms underlying the associations of stress, depression and cardiovascular dysregulation, including autonomic imbalance, cardiac instability and arrhythmias, vascular hyper-reactivity and atherosclerosis, endocrine and immune dysfunction, and central nervous system dysregulation. In combination with findings from human research, an emphasis on neurobiological and biopsychosocial processes using animal models offers translational insights to improve the quality of life for humans with comorbid depressive and cardiovascular disorders.
Political Legitimacy as a Personal and Intellectual Journey

The article highlights the intellectual path and the research agenda developed by the author over the years concerning the question of political legitimacy. The first section focuses on issues of legitimation in the context of Latin American authoritarian democracies. The second section of the article refers to political legitimacy as political responsibility in the context of legal and political theory. The third and last section addresses the relevance of political legitimacy at the international level, on which the research agenda of the author now concentrates.
Specificity in PDZ-peptide interaction networks: Computational analysis and review

Globular PDZ domains typically serve as protein-protein interaction modules that regulate a wide variety of cellular functions via recognition of short linear motifs (SLiMs). Often, PDZ mediated-interactions are essential components of macromolecular complexes, and disruption affects the entire scaffold. Due to their roles as linchpins in trafficking and signaling pathways, PDZ domains are attractive targets: both for controlling viral pathogens, which bind PDZ domains and hijack cellular machinery, as well as for developing therapies to combat human disease. However, successful therapeutic interventions that avoid off-target effects are a challenge, because each PDZ domain interacts with a number of cellular targets, and specific binding preferences can be difficult to decipher. Over twenty-five years of research has produced a wealth of data on the stereochemical preferences of individual PDZ proteins and their binding partners. Currently the field lacks a central repository for this information. Here, we provide this important resource and provide a manually curated, comprehensive list of the 271 human PDZ domains. We use individual domain, as well as recent genomic and proteomic, data in order to gain a holistic view of PDZ domains and interaction networks, arguing this knowledge is critical to optimize targeting selectivity and to benefit human health.
Phenomenology and Management of Subthalamic Stimulation‐Induced Dyskinesia in Patients With Isolated Dystonia

Background The pallidum has been the preferred DBS target for dystonia, but recent studies have shown equal or greater improvement in patients implanted in the STN.1 Transient stimulation-induced dyskinesia (SID) is frequently observed when stimulating this novel target, and there are no previously published video case reports of this phenomenon. Cases We describe in detail the SID phenomenology experienced by 4 patients who had been implanted with STN DBS for isolated dystonia. Conclusions SID can occur in focal, segmental, axial, or generalized distribution, can resemble levodopa-induced dyskinesia choreiform or dystonic movements observed in Parkinson's disease, and is generally transient and resolves with customized DBS programming. Providers should be aware that SID can occur after STN DBS when treating isolated dystonia and not assume movements are the result of worsening or spread of the underlying dystonia.
On the Implementation of IoT-Based Digital Twin for Networked Microgrids Resiliency Against Cyber Attacks

The increased rate of cyber-attacks on the power system necessitates the need for innovative solutions to ensure its resiliency. This work builds on the advancement in the IoT to provide a practical framework that is able to respond to multiple attacks on a network of interconnected microgrids. This paper provides an IoT-based digital twin (DT) of the cyber-physical system that interacts with the control system to ensure its proper operation. The IoT cloud provision of the energy cyber-physical and the DT are mathematically formulated. Unlike other cybersecurity frameworks in the literature, the proposed one can mitigate an individual as well as coordinated attacks. The framework is tested on a distributed control system and the security measures are implemented using cloud computing. The physical controllers are implemented using single-board computers. The practical results show that the proposed DT is able to mitigate the coordinated false data injection and the denial of service cyber-attacks.
Probing COVID's complexity in real time

In his provocative new book, Apollo9s Arrow, Nicholas Christakis draws on his experience as both a hospice physician and a leading network scientist to integrate societal, technological, and biological data into a single cohesive narrative of the unfolding pandemic. Not surprisingly, the book is far-ranging, covering relevant aspects of epidemiology, human behavior, social networks, technology, immunology, and applied mathematics.
Generation of Neurosphere-Derived Organoid-Like-Aggregates (NEDAS) from Neural Stem Cells

Neurosphere cultures have been used to propagate and study the intrinsic properties of neural stem cells (NSCs) for more than two decades but this method has many limitations. It is well known that neurospheres fuse in culture, but the long-term biological consequences of this phenomena are not well characterized. We leveraged the fusion behavior of human neurospheres to improve upon this technique with our Neurosphere-derived organoid-like aggregates (NEDAS) culture method, allowing the fusion of human NSCs at high density, which were maintained in orbital shaker conditions for 8-12 weeks without passing leading to the formation of 3D organoid-like aggregates without the use of Matrigel. NEDAS organoids proliferate and self-organize into neural rosettes, expressing PAX6 and SOX2 in ventricular zone (VZ)-like proliferative areas. Outside these rosettes, we identified corridors of migratory radial glial progenitors expressing Phospo-vimentin, CRYAB. In addition to DLX2, CXCR4 + progenitors. Further, we found immature neurons within cortical-like areas highly enriched for DCX and TUJ1, in addition to GABA+ and excitatory VGLUT1+ neurons. Here, we provide a protocol to generate NEDAS, additionally, we present a protocol for immunostaining of NEDAS organoids for confocal imaging. This protocol may be useful to dissect the self-organization and morphogenetic programs of populations of human NSCs offering an advantageous alternative to the conventional neurospheres method, generating more cell type diversity, within tissue-like aggregates over extended periods of time without dissociation or passing. NEDAS may be a complementary method to cerebral organoids protocols from IPSCs. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Preparation and expansion of cultures of human neural stem cells in reduced growth factor basement matrix Basic Protocol 2: Formation and fusion of neurospheres derived matrigel-free organoid-like aggregates (NEDAS) Basic Protocol 3: Harvest, cryosection, and imaging protocol for NEDAS.
Humidity-modulated properties of hydrogel polymer electrolytes for flexible supercapacitors

Abstract Hydrogel polymer electrolytes (HPEs) are essential components in building flexible solid-state supercapacitors, which are promising power sources for future flexible and wearable electronics. HPEs reported so far have shown a wide range of properties with various compositions. In this paper, we demonstrate that relative humidity (RH) significantly influences the electrochemical and mechanical properties of HPEs, which in turn, determines the power output of supercapacitors assembled with such HPEs. Using polyvinyl alcohol and phosphoric acid hydrogel (PVA-H3PO4) as model HPE, we showed that water content in PVA-H3PO4 increases with RH and can reach equilibrium at each RH level. By using atomic force microscope, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry, we found that the mechanical stiffness, ionic conductivity, and interfacial capacitance of PVA-H3PO4 prepared at precisely controlled RH levels can vary orders of magnitude. As a result, the flexibility and the energy and power performance of PVA-H3PO4 based supercapacitors can all be modulated by RH. We believe that the result provides a new approach to optimizing HPEs for flexible supercapacitor applications.
Corporate Purpose and the Separation of Powers

Despite its intense focus on inter-jurisdictional competition, corporate law scholarship has thus far overlooked the influence of inter-branch competition on business organizations. This Article shows how inter-branch struggles for control over corporations catalyzed the advent of modern corporate law and helped propel Delaware to its dominant position in the market for corporate charters. For centuries, the legislature, judiciary, and executive vied for the decisive role in dictating the means and ends of corporations. Through the nineteenth century, competition among the branches produced a dysfunctional and volatile relationship between government and private enterprise, with each branch successively assuming a leading role in corporate oversight, only to falter under the weight of its unique structural limitations. The resulting instability ultimately proved so intolerable as to prompt the creation of an entirely new paradigm of liberalized corporate codes at the dawn of the twentieth century. Delaware’s innovation of and rigorous adherence to corporate law’s newfound separation of powers gave it a crucial, yet previously unappreciated, edge in the competition for corporate charters. Moreover, modern corporate law’s system of checks and balances curbed longstanding abuses and ushered in an equilibrium among the branches that has served as a foundation for economic growth in the United States since. Beyond illuminating a novel factor in Delaware’s ascendency, corporate law’s separation of powers poses unappreciated problems and provides preliminary solutions for the ongoing debate over corporate purpose. A growing chorus of progressive academics and policy-makers has called on the government to impose and enforce corporations’ social obligations. This Article offers new grounds for skepticism towards these proposed reforms, because they would jeopardize corporate law’s hard-fought equilibrium among the branches by reviving the unilateralism and dysfunction that once plagued the United States’ corporate law regime. Accordingly, this Article contends that vesting the government with a proactive role in imposing and enforcing corporate purpose, whether at the state or federal level, is ill advised. Yet this Article also providers reform-minded progressives with a concrete framework for structuring an expanded power to enforce corporate purpose with minimal risk to corporate law’s separation of powers.
A Green Approach to Producing Polymer Microparticles for Local Sustained Release of Flavopiridol

Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)(PLGA) microparticles represent an important class of materials used for drug delivery. Current synthesis frequently uses conventional emulsion, where dichloromethane(DCM) is used as the organic phase solvent. Due to the health and environmental toxicity of DCM and its slow degradation, this work replaces DCM with a greener solvent, dimethyl carbonate(DMC). To attain narrow distribution of PLGA particle size, microfluidic flow focusing was chosen over conventional emulsion. This new approach successfully produced PLGA microparticles encapsulated with flavopiridol, a kinase inhibitor. These particles exhibit sustained release profile more desirable than the conventional counterparts. The cytotoxicity and activity tests have demonstrated high biocompatibility and efficacy of these PLGA particles. The high sustainability is also evaluated using simple E-Factor(sEF) and complete E-Factor(cEF). The lower health and environmental toxicities of DMC than DCM are evidenced by approximately one order of magnitude higher in lethal dose, i. e., 50%(LD50) values in rat, 5-fold faster degradation rate, and 30% higher GlaxoSmithKline(GSK) combined greenness value. The approach reported in this work shall provide a new and green means for drug delivery in general. The products enable local sustained delivery of flavopiridol for prevention of post-traumatic osteoarthritis, and anti-cancer therapy.