cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Poetry in Third Grade: Getting Started

Poetry should be an integral part of children's learning in elementary school. This article explains the classroom structures and routines through which third-grade students in an inner-city school became familiar with poetic language and learned to appreciate the artistry of poetry. Most of the students were struggling readers. Reading poetry challenged them in terms of attending to the reading process, understanding concepts presented in the poems, and learning to read aloud so that listeners could also make meaning of the poem. The article includes descriptions of lessons on elements of poetry and poetic language, making meaning of poetry, imagery, and symbolism. The authors conclude with considerations in choosing poems, including students' reading abilities, integration with other disciplines, and the poetry curriculum itself.
Acute Effects of Herbal Tea Dust Extracts on Lung Function

The acute effect of herbal tea dust extracts on lung function was studied in 15 of 25 healthy subjects responding to the inhalation of these extracts. Bronchial inhalation challenge was performed with tea extracts (sage, dog rose and gruzyan) and with normal saline solution as a control substance to assess their baseline airway reactivity to an isotonic aerosol. Lung function testing was performed before exposure and at 0, 15, 30, and 60 minutes after the cessation of exposure. The same subjects were also tested by challenge with methacholine. Lung function was measured by recording FVC, FEV1, FEF50, FEF25, SGaw, and Raw. Subjects were skin tested by the skin prick method and serum IgE levels were determined. The findings suggested that neither baseline nonspecific airway reactivity nor specific markers of immediate sensitivity to tea predict airway responses to tea extracts. Further evaluation of immunologic markers may help to explain the onset and progression of airway disease in workers.
The Use of Co-Therapy with a Reflecting Mirror as a Supervisory Tool

A training practicum for master's and doctoral students in Marriage and Family Therapy (MFT) at Florida State University employed co-therapy with the use of a reflecting mirror as the primary supervisory techniques. These students did not have a master's degree in MFT and it was believed that they would benefit from co-therapy with their supervisors-in-training. While traditional supervisory techniques were also utilized (e.g., pre-and post-session reviews, group supervision, and videotape reviews), co-therapy, along with the unique use of a reflecting mirror approach, were considered to be the most useful supervision and training tools by the practicum supervisor, the supervisors-in-training, and the trainees.
Training Refugee Mental Health Providers: Ethnography as a Bridge to Multicultural Practice

As the number of forced migrants increases, so does the number of programs established to provide psychological help to refugees and victims of wartime violence. The expansion of such programs both in the West and in nonwestern countries indicates the prominence of mental health professionals in the refugee field. There is a widespread assumption that armed conflict and civil strife constitute mental health emergencies and all refugees and victims of wartime violence need to have an immediate access to psychological counseling and trauma programs. The role of mental health interventions in addressing refugee suffering begs the question whether existing training programs adequately prepare mental health professionals to serve diverse refugee populations. This article attempts to answer this question by analyzing the tenets of Western training programs for the helping professions. It also explores the contributions that anthropology can make to the field of refugee mental health.
Direct repeats flank three small nuclear RNA pseudogenes in the human genome

We previously demonstrated that pseudogenes complementary to the small nuclear RNAs U1, U2 and U3 are dispersed and abundant in the human genome. Here we report that three pseudogenes (U1.101, U2.13 and U3.5) are flanked by perfect short direct repeats of 16 to 19 base pairs. In all three pseudogenes. the upstream direct repeat abuts a DNA sequence corresponding to the 5' end of the mature snRNA; in U2.13 and U3.5, the downstream direct repeat immediately follows the truncated 3' end of the snRNA sequence, whereas in U1.101, the downstream direct repeat is separated from the 3, end of the full-length snRNA sequence by a short A-rich region. We consider the direct repeats to be an indication that these three pseudogenes were created by insertion of snRNA information into a new chromosomal locus. To explain why the upstream repeat abuts a DNA sequence complementary to the 5' end of the mature snRNA, we propose a model for insertion that uses a reverse transcript of the snRNA as an intermediate. Furthermore, we note similarities between the structure of all three pseudogene loci and the Alu family of middle repetitive DNA sequences. These similarities suggest that some Alu family sequences are mobile genetic elements that can transpose to new chromosomal loci using as an intermediate a cDNA copy of an RNA transcribed from the Alu family element by RNA polymerase III.
The Effects of Prebriefing Misinformed Research Participants on Their Attributions of Responsibility

Abstract Participants read standard informed consent statements. Half of the participants, the prebriefed group, read statements alerting them to the possibility that they might be intentionally misinformed. All participants then read a series of arguments summarizing the transcripts of an actual rape trial and rated the extent of defendant and complainant responsabilites. Half of the participants were misinformed concerning the correct outcome of the trial. Although the defendant was actually convicted, half of the participants were told before they read the summaries that the verdict was guilty, and half were told that it was not guilty. Attributions of responsibility and evaluations of culpability were compared to measure the effects of prebriefing. Effects found for the verdict manipulation were unaffected by the prebriefing information.
Need and Value Shifts in College Training Groups

To evaluate the effects of human relations training on individual values (measured by the Study of Values) and interpersonal need orientation (measured by the FIRO-B), college subjects ranked their peers to determine which were the most valued members of the training groups. It was predicted that people will change their values and needs during a human relations course to become more like those of the highly valued members. Expressed control and political value were found to be positively correlated, and religious value to be negatively correlated with peer ratings. The prediction was tested that students would show positive change in expressed control and political value and negative change in religious value. Only the predicted change in religious value was demonstrated. Other unpredicted changes were observed (largely among highly chosen females and low-chosen males): wanted control increased, wanted affection decreased, and aesthetic value increased. The concept of an internal criterion of change seem...
Intrinsic connections of rat primary visual cortex: Laminar organization of axonal projections

The organization of local projections within the rat primary visual cortex (area 17) was investigated by tracing fibers with HRP in in vitro brain slices. The projections from different layers showed distinct laminar patterns. Layer 4 made a strong, topographically precise, projection to lower layer 2/3; weaker projections extended laterally and terminated diffusely in layer 2/3 but also ran vertically to layers 5 and 6. The connections of lower and upper layer 2/3 were reciprocal and point-to-point. Within layer 2/3, a large number of fibers ran horizontally and terminated at variable distances from the injection site without making terminal clusters. The main output from layer 2/3 was to layer 5. The most prominent projections from the upper half of layer 5 were to layers 2/3 and 6; lower layer 5, in contrast, made wide-ranging, clustered projections to layer 1, the bottom of layer 2/3, and the top of layers 4 and 5. The patches were 130–160 μm wide and spaced apart by 230–260 μm. The main projection that arose from the superficial layer 6 terminated in layer 4 above the injection site. In contrast, lower layer 6 made clustered projections to the layer 3/4 border, extending up to 2 mm in the coronal plane. The patches were 190–220 μm wide and spaced apart by 320–390 μm. Additional projections went to the layer 5/6 border and layers 1 and 2. These results indicate that geniculocortical input is processed through interlaminar connections that are topographically precise, widespread, or patchy. These connectivity patterns suggest a role for these connections in the transformation of functional maps between layers; focused projections preserve the architecture of the layers of origin, and diverging or patchy projections rearrange this organization and form new maps in the target layers (Lund: Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 11:253–288, '88). However, only a few interlaminar connections show one of these patterns in isolation, making it difficult to assign a single function to a particular connection. We, therefore, tentatively conclude that projections terminating in layers 1–4, with the possible exception of the connection between upper layer 6 and layer 4, transform functional maps. In contrast, the topographically precise projections from upper to lower layers preserve functional maps. The specific role of these connections in the construction of receptive field properties, however, is not known. But it is interesting that some of these local connections are clustered and show an organization which is a common feature of intracortical connections in species with a columnar organization of visual cortex.
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α and liver cancer: where do we stand?

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha), first identified in 1990 as a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, has a central role in the regulation of numerous target genes encoding proteins that modulate fatty acid transport and catabolism. PPARalpha is the molecular target for the widely prescribed lipid-lowering fibrate drugs and the diverse class of chemicals collectively referred to as peroxisome proliferators. The lipid-lowering function of PPARalpha occurs across a number of mammalian species, thus demonstrating the essential role of this nuclear receptor in lipid homeostasis. In contrast, prolonged administration of PPARalpha agonists causes hepatocarcinogenesis, specifically in rats and mice, indicating that PPARalpha also mediates this effect. There is no strong evidence that the low-affinity fibrate ligands are associated with cancer in humans, but it still remains a possibility that chronic activation with high-affinity ligands could be carcinogenic in humans. It is now established that the species difference between rodents and humans in response to peroxisome proliferators is due in part to PPARalpha. The cascade of molecular events leading to liver cancer in rodents involves hepatocyte proliferation and oxidative stress, but the PPARalpha target genes that mediate this response are unknown. This review focuses on the current understanding of the role of PPARalpha in hepatocarcinogenesis and identifies future research directions that should be taken to delineate the mechanisms underlying PPARalpha agonist-induced hepatocarcinogenesis.
Circumlocution in diagnostic medical queries

Circumlocution is when many words are used to describe what could be said with fewer, e.g., "a machine that takes moisture out of the air" instead of "dehumidifier." Web search is a perfect backdrop for circumlocution where people struggle to name what they seek. In some domains, not knowing the correct term can have a significant impact on the search results that are retrieved. We study the medical domain, where professional medical terms are not commonly known and where the consequence of not knowing the correct term can impact the accuracy of surfaced information, as well as escalation of anxiety, and ultimately the medical care sought. Given a free-form colloquial health search query, our objective is to find the underlying professional medical term. The problem is complicated by the fact that people issue quite varied queries to describe what they have. Machine-learning algorithms can be brought to bear on the problem, but there are two key complexities: creating high-quality training data and identifying predictive features. To our knowledge, no prior work has been able to crack this important problem due to the lack of training data. We give novel solutions and demonstrate their efficacy via extensive experiments, greatly improving over the prior art.
Makespan minimization for m parallel identical processors

We introduce an algorithm, called TMO (Two-Machine Optimal Scheduling) which minimizes the makespan for two identical processors. TMO employs lexicographic search in conjunction with the longest-processing time sequence to derive an optimal schedule. For the m identical parallel processors problem, we propose an improvement algorithm, which improves the seed solution obtained by any existing heuristic. The improvement algorithm, called Extended TMO, breaks the original m-machine problem into a set of two-machine problems and solves them repeatedly by the TMO. A simulation study is performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms by comparing it against three existing heuristics: LPT (Graham, [11]), MULTIFIT (Coffman, Garey, and Johnson, [6]), and RMG (Lee and Massey, [17]). The simulation results show that: for the two processors case, the TMO performs significantly better than LPT, MULTIFIT, and RMG, and it generally takes considerably less CPU time than MULTIFIT and RMG. For the general parallel processors case, the Extended TMO algorithm is shown to be capable of greatly improving any seed solution. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Fully normal algorithms for incomplete hypercubes

The paper shows that composite and incomplete hypercubes are algorithmically equivalent. It develops a class of algorithms called fully normal algorithms for incomplete hypercubes with applications in several important fields. Finally it shows that incomplete hypercubes achieve close to linear speedup for FNA over a wide range of the size of the architecture. >
Pressure-diuresis in volume-expanded rats. Tubular reabsorption in superficial and deep nephrons.

Micropuncture experiments were performed in volume-expanded rats to better define the nephron segments in which changes in renal perfusion pressure inhibit tubular reabsorption. Neural influences on the kidney were eliminated by renal denervation, and plasma levels of vasopressin, aldosterone, corticosterone, and norepinephrine were maintained at fixed levels by i.v. infusion. Fractional excretion of sodium, chloride, and water increased markedly after renal perfusion pressure was elevated from 110 to 150 mm Hg. Renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate, and single nephron glomerular filtration rate measured from deep and superficial nephrons were unsaltered. Reabsorption of chloride and water in the proximal tubule of superficial nephrons decreased by 10% after renal perfusion pressure was elevated and contributed to the pressure-diuretic response. Changes in renal perfusion pressure also altered the reabsorption of water and chloride in juxtamedullary nephrons. The percentage of the filtered water load reaching the tip of the loop of Henle increased from 19.8 +/- 2.9 to 38.1 +/- 3.0% after renal perfusion pressure was elevated. Chloride delivery rose from 34.2 +/- 4.3 to 65.2 +/- 4.8% of the filtered load. These results support the view that alterations in medullary hemodynamics participate in the pressure-natriuretic response by inhibiting tubular reabsorption in the proximal tubule or the thin descending limb of the loop of Henle (or both) of juxtamedullary nephrons.
CCAAT/Enhancer-Binding Protein β (Nuclear Factor for Interleukin 6) Transactivates the Human MDR1 Gene by Interaction with an Inverted CCAAT Box in Human Cancer Cells

We investigated the mechanisms of MDR1 gene activation by CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ, or nuclear factor for interleukin 6) in human cancer cells. Transfection of the breast cancer cell line MCF-7 and its doxorubicin-selected variant MCF-7/ADR by either C/EBPβ or C/EBPβ-LIP (a dominant-negative form of C/EBPβ) confirmed their roles in the activation or repression of the endogenous, chromosomally embedded MDR1 gene. Cotransfection experiments with promoter constructs revealed a C/EBPβ interaction on the MDR1 promoter via the region within -128 to -75. Deletions within the putative AP-1 box (-123 to -111) increased MDR1 promoter activity when stimulated by C/EBPβ, suggesting that the AP-1 site negatively regulates MDR1 activation by C/EBPβ. Mutations within the inverted CCAAT box (Y box) (-82 to -73) abolished the C/EBPβ-stimulated MDR1 promoter activity, indicating that the Y box is required for MDR1 activation by C/EBPβ. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) revealed that C/EBPβ precipitates a transcription complex containing C/EBPβ, the MDR1 promoter sequences (-250 to +54), and the hBrm protein. In conclusion, alteration of expression or function of C/EBPβ plays an important role in MDR1 gene regulation. C/EBPβ activates the endogenous MDR1 gene of MCF-7 cells, and this activation was associated with a novel C/EBPβ interaction region within the proximal MDR1 promoter (-128 to -75). The mechanisms of MDR1 activation by C/EBPβ include C/EBPβ binding of the chromatin of the MDR1 gene and interactions of C/EBPβ with the Y box and Y box-associated proteins.
Typical migraine or ophthalmologic emergency

We describe the case of a 47-year-old woman who came to the emergency department (ED) complaining of worse than typical migraine headache and blurry vision after recently doubling the dose of topiramate earlier that day. After complete neurologic and ophthalmologic evaluation, she was found to have elevated intraocular pressures and was diagnosed with topiramate-induced bilateral acute angleclosure glaucoma, which is a rare side effect of this commonly prescribed medication. She was treated with timolol, brimonide, and prednisolone drops to reduce intraocular pressure as well as cessation of topiramate and was discharged home. This report briefly discusses the clinical history, appropriate evaluation, differential diagnosis, and approach to secondary acute angle-closure glaucoma in the ED.
Vertical integration of ZnO nanowires into asymmetric Pt/ZnO/Ti schottky UV photodiodes

The direct vertical integration of zinc-oxide (ZnO) nanowires to form rectifying UV photodiodes featuring asymmetric Schottky bottom platinum-ZnO junctions and ohmic top ZnO-titanium contacts has been demonstrated. Current-voltage electrical measurements of a prototype ZnO nanowire photodetector exhibit the characteristic rectifying behavior under dark conditions. Upon illumination with a 325 nm-wavelength HeCd UV laser, a magnitude-increase in the photocurrent was measured in the device. This versatile, highly-scalable nanowire device architecture could serve as the platform for future nano-electro-mechanical system (NEMS) applications, including nano-image sensors and high-density memory devices.
Jaundice in the Full-Term Neonate

Hyperbilirubinemia is the most common problem experienced by the full-term infant in the immediate neonatal period. The development of jaundice was prospectively investigated in 866 newborns. Significant correlations were found between the serum bilirubin level and the method of birth, perinatal complications, blood group incompatibilities, birth weight, and method of feeding. Breast-feeding was highly related to the development of exaggerated jaundice. The most common occurrence of jaundice requiring phototherapy was in breast-feeding infants in whom no cause for the jaundice could be determined. Study findings were most compatible with a theory of relative caloric deprivation as an explanation of the increased incidence of hyperbilirubinemia found in breast-fed newborns.
Cladistic analysis of genotype data-application to GAW15 Problem 3

Given the increasing size of modern genetic data sets and, in particular, the move towards genome-wide studies, there is merit in considering analyses that gain computational efficiency by being more heuristic in nature. With this in mind, we present results of cladistic analyses methods on the Genetic Analysis Workshop 15 Problem 3 simulated data (answers known). Our analysis attempts to capture similarities between individuals using a series of trees, and then looks for regions in which mutations on those trees can successfully explain a phenotype of interest. Existing varieties of such algorithms assume haplotypes are known, or have been inferred, an assumption that is often unrealistic for genome-wide data. We therefore present an extension of these methods that can successfully analyze genotype, rather than haplotype, data.
Unusual roentgenographic presentations of multiple myeloma. Report of three cases.

Three unusual roentgenographic manifestations of multiple myeloma have been presented: diffuse sclerosis, coexistent myeloma, amyloidosis, and solitary destructive myeloma involving almost an entire long bone. These appearances usually present diagnostic problems and a definite diagnosis is seldom made without biopsy or pertinent laboratory data. It is to be emphasized, nevertheless, that these manifestations are being recognized more and more frequently. Multiple myeloma should, therefore, be included when one considers the differential diagnosis of atypical skeletal roentgenograms.
Switchable fiber-optic tap using acoustic transducers deposited upon the fiber surface

A new electronically switchable fiber-optic tap is demonstrated. The tap consists of an array of acoustic transducers fabricated directly upon the side of a cylindrical single-mode fiber. The transducer array generates an acoustic field that is focused on the fiber core and that satisfies the Bragg condition, allowing light to be deflected out of the fiber by the acousto-optic Bragg interaction. The amount of light tapped is linearly proportional to the rf power driving the transducer array. The bandwidth of the tap is 920 MHz centered at 3.3 GHz, with a maximum tap efficiency of 0.4% per watt of rf input.
Toward a Systems Theory of Policy Analysis: Static versus Dynamic Analysis

In this paper we discuss the nature of static and dynamic analyses and their implications for a systems theory of policy formulation. Our thesis is that dynamic analysis establishes the basis for formulating strategy to solve long-term problems. Static analysis can be misleading in that it may provide short-term improvements but undermine long-term survival.
Conditional Swap Regret and Conditional Correlated Equilibrium

We introduce a natural extension of the notion of swap regret, conditional swap regret, that allows for action modifications conditioned on the player's action history. We prove a series of new results for conditional swap regret minimization. We present algorithms for minimizing conditional swap regret with bounded conditioning history. We further extend these results to the case where conditional swaps are considered only for a subset of actions. We also define a new notion of equilibrium, conditional correlated equilibrium, that is tightly connected to the notion of conditional swap regret: when all players follow conditional swap regret minimization strategies, then the empirical distribution approaches this equilibrium. Finally, we extend our results to the multi-armed bandit scenario.
Classification of Nodal Pockets in Many-Electron Wave Functions via Machine Learning

Accurate treatment of electron correlation in quantum chemistry requires solving the many-electron problem. If the nodal surface of a many-electron wave function is available even in an approximate form, the fixed-node diffusion Monte Carlo (FNDMC) approach from the family of quantum Monte Carlo methods can be successfully used for this purpose. The issue of description and classification of nodal surfaces of fermionic wave functions becomes central for understanding the basic properties of many-electron wave functions and for the control of accuracy and computational efficiency of FNDMC computations. In this work, we approach the problem of automatic classification of nodal pockets of many-electron wave functions. We formulate this problem as that of binary classification and apply a number of techniques from the machine learning literature. We apply these techniques on a range of atoms of light elements and demonstrate varying degrees of success. We observe that classifiers with relatively simple geometry perform poorly on the classification task; methods based on a random collection of tree-based classifiers appear to perform best. We conclude with thoughts on computational challenges and complexity associated with applying these techniques to heavier atoms.
Glutamate receptors activate Ca2+ mobilization and Ca2+ influx into astrocytes

Abstract We measured changes in the molar concentration of cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) in individual astrocytes in culture produced by the glutamate analog quisqualate (QA) and related substances by using fura-2 digital fluorescence microscopy. In cells cultured from the cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum, the QA analog alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-isoxazole-4-propionate (AMPA; 10 microM) produced a slow increase in [Ca2+]i that was modest in amplitude (approximately 200 nM). These effects were completely abolished by 10 microM 6-nitro-7-cyano-quinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX). In cerebellar astrocytes, similar effects were produced by QA. However, in cortical and hippocampal astrocytes, the response to QA was much more complex. In these cells, QA produced an initial [Ca2+]i spike that was followed by a sustained influx of Ca2+ ("plateau"). In the absence of extracellular Ca2+, this plateau was abolished but the spike remained. CNQX did not block the spike and only slightly reduced the size of the plateau in some cells. Ni2+ (10 microM) but not nimodipine (10 microM) reduced the amplitude of the plateau. Pretreatment with 100 nM phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate for 15 min abolished the spike but not the plateau portion of the QA response. Treatment with pertussis toxin at 250 ng/ml for 12-16 hr failed to alter the response. In some instances, the latency of the QA response differed considerably for individual cells in a group. It appeared that the response began in one cell and then spread to neighboring cells. Thus, QA appears to trigger a complex response in some astrocytes consisting of Ca2+ mobilization from intracellular stores and also Ca2+ influx resulting from the activation of AMPA-sensitive and -insensitive pathways.
On error exponents in hypothesis testing

The classical result of Blahut, which characterizes achievable error exponents in binary hypothesis testing, is generalized in two different directions. First, in M-ary hypothesis testing, the tradeoff of all M(M-1) types of error exponents and corresponding optimal decision schemes are explored. Then, motivated by a power-constrained distributed detection scenario, binary hypothesis testing is revisited, and the tradeoff of power consumption versus error exponents is fully characterized. In the latter scenario, sensors are allowed to make random decisions as to whether they should remain silent and save power, or transmit and improve detection quality. It is then shown by an example that optimal sensor decisions may indeed be random
Hormonal correlates of changes in interest in unrelated infants across the peripartum period in female baboons (Papio hamadryas anubis sp.).

In past research on human and nonhuman primates, maternal responsiveness and behavior has been thought of as an experiential, cognitive mechanism; however, recent findings have shown that maternal motivation and behavior may not be entirely divorced from the endocrine system. To investigate the relationship between interest in infants and the hormonal changes related to pregnancy, we examined the nature of social interactions across parturition between a large sample (n = 133) of adult female baboons (Papio hamadryas anubis sp.) and unrelated infants. Prepartum data were collected during ten 30-min focal observations for each subject. Each mother–infant pair was then observed through the infant’s first 8 weeks of life. A total of 2325 h of observation was recorded. Urine was collected on 65 subjects, starting 5 weeks before the expected date of parturition and ending 4 weeks after parturition. Evidence for a connection between endocrine function and responsiveness toward infants was found. Affiliative behaviors during the prepartum period were positively correlated to the estrogen/ cortisol ratio and high dominance rank. In the postpartum period, affiliative behaviors were positively correlated with prepartum progesterone and dominance rank, and negatively correlated with postpartum cortisol levels. Finally, a positive correlation was recorded during the postpartum period between prepartum progesterone and aggression, and a negative correlation between postpartum cortisol and aggression and submission. Our data suggest that the endocrine changes that may help regulate maternal care of offspring also influence the way in which pre- and postpartum female baboons interact with unrelated infants in their social group.
Development of a method to characterize high-protein dairy powders using an ultrasonic flaw detector

Dissolution behavior of high-protein dairy powders plays a critical role for achieving functional and nutritional characteristics of a finished food product. Current methods for evaluating powder dissolution properties are time consuming, difficult to reproduce, and subjective. Ultrasound spectroscopy is a rapid and precise method, but requires expensive equipment and skilled technicians to carry out the tests. In the present study, an ultrasonic flaw detector (UFD) was used as an economical alternative to characterize the powder dissolution properties. The objective of study was to develop a method to characterize the dissolution behavior of milk protein concentrate (MPC) using a UFD. The experimental setup included a UFD connected to a 1-MHz immersion transducer that was kept a constant distance from a reflector plate. To validate the method, 2 batches of MPC80 from a commercial manufacturer were procured and stored at 25 and 40°C for 4 wk. Focus beam reflectance measurement and solubility index were used as reference methods. Relative ultrasound velocity and ultrasound attenuation were acquired during the dissolution of MPC samples. To characterize the MPC dissolution, 4 parameters including standard deviation of relative velocity, area under the attenuation curve, and peak attenuation were extracted from ultrasound data. As the storage temperature and time increased, the area under the attenuation curve and peak height decreased, indicating a loss of solubility. The proposed UFD-based method was able to capture the changes in dissolution of MPC during storage at 25 and 40°C. It was observed that a high-quality MPC had a low standard deviation and a larger area under the attenuation curve. As the MPC aged at 40°C, the particle dispersion rate decreased and, consequently, an increase in standard deviation and reduction in area were observed. Overall, the UFD can be a low-cost method to characterize the dissolution behavior of high-protein dairy powders.
Gambling Cultures and Stock Price Volatility: A Cross-Country Analysis

In this study, we test the hypothesis that favorable attitudes towards gambling in a particular country will increase the risk tolerance of firms and subsequently affect the level of volatility in stock prices. Using a clever research design that holds constant the structure of financial markets, we find that countries with more gaming institutions, higher gambling losses per adult, and legalized online gambling have less stable stock prices. These results are robust to different measures of volatility and controls for both firm-specific characteristics and macroeconomic conditions. To make stronger causal inferences, we use the adoption of legal online gambling in France as a natural experiment and test whether the volatility of stock prices is affected by changes in this law. Consistent with the idea that gambling attitudes lead to greater volatility, we find that the volatility of French stocks increases (relative to the volatility of non-French stocks) surrounding this event.
Velocity distribution of fluid in eccentric annuli with the inner cylinder reciprocating axially

The governing equations of unsteady flow of Newtonian fluid in eccentric annuli with the inner cylinder reciprocating axially in bipolar coordinate system are established.The equations are solved numerically in finite difference method for Newtonian fluid and the curves of velocity distribution are plotted.The effects of the eccentricity between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder,the stroke and frequency of the inner cylinder on the velocity distribution of the fluid in eccentric annuli are analyzed.The results show that velocity distribution in the widest clearance is close to that in the narrowest clearance with the eccentricity decreasing,and that the perturbation of velocity distribution is aggravated with the stroke and frequency increasing,which is caused by the inner cylinder reciprocating axially.
Effects of occupational exposure to lead on female workers' reproductive function:A Meta-analysis

Objective To analyze and evaluate the effects of occupational exposure to lead on female workers' reproductive function in China.Methods The case-control studies which were published in Chinese journals during 1989-2010were collected.A meta-analysis was performed to estimate the effects using Review Manager Statistic software. The heterogeneity and publication bias were examined.ResultsThe complicated OR for dysmenorrhea in women with occupational exposure to lead was 3.38(95% CI:1.45~7.87),the OR for abnormality of female menstrual cycle was 2.37(95% CI:1.95~2.88),the OR for threatened abortion was 4.24(95% CI:2.19~8.22),the OR for pregnancyinduced hypertension was 3.37(95% CI:1.09~10.44),the OR for stillbirth was 3.99(95% CI:2.43~6.56),the OR for spontaneous abortion was 3.10(95% CI:2.17~4.43),the OR for low birth weigh was 4.47(95% CI:2.78~7. 21),the OR for birth defect was 3.63(95% CI:2.12~6.22).Conclusions Occupational exposure to lead can cause adverse reproductive function.
Timing Diatomaceous Earth-Filled Dustbox Use for Management of Northern Fowl Mites (Acari: Macronyssidae) in Cage-Free Poultry Systems

Northern fowl mite management on conventionally caged birds relies on synthetic pesticide sprays to wet the vent. Cage-free chickens cannot be effectively treated this way, and pesticide use is restricted in organic production. Dustbathing behavior is encouraged in newer production systems for increased hen welfare. Diatomaceous earth (DE) is an approved organic insecticide that can be mixed with sand in dustboxes, suppressing mites but not excluding them, and potentially allowing development of mite immunity. We tested two hypotheses: 1) that DE-filled dustboxes placed before northern fowl mite introduction (prophylactic use) prevents mite populations from reaching economically damaging thresholds, and 2) that bird exposure to low mite numbers allows for protective hen immunity to develop and suppress mites after dustboxes are removed. We also tested if different beak trimming techniques (a commercial practice) affect mite growth. Mites were introduced to birds after dustboxes were made available. Average mite densities in flocks remained below damaging levels while dustboxes were available. Average mite populations rebounded after dustbox removal (even though DE persisted in the environment) regardless of the timing of removal. Mite densities on birds where a traditional hot-blade beak trimming technique was used (trial 1) were high. Mite densities in trial 2, where a newer precision infra-red trimming was used, were lower. The newer infra-red trimming method resulted in nearly intact beaks, which were better for mite control by bird grooming behaviors. The combination of early dustbox use and infra-red beak trimming should allow producers to avoid most mite damage in cage-free flocks.
Recurrence relations for orthogonal polynomials for PDEs in polar and cylindrical geometries.

This paper introduces two families of orthogonal polynomials on the interval (−1,1), with weight function $$\omega (x)\equiv 1$$ . The first family satisfies the boundary condition $$p(1)=0$$ , and the second one satisfies the boundary conditions $$p(-1)=p(1)=0$$ . These boundary conditions arise naturally from PDEs defined on a disk with Dirichlet boundary conditions and the requirement of regularity in Cartesian coordinates. The families of orthogonal polynomials are obtained by orthogonalizing short linear combinations of Legendre polynomials that satisfy the same boundary conditions. Then, the three-term recurrence relations are derived. Finally, it is shown that from these recurrence relations, one can efficiently compute the corresponding recurrences for generalized Jacobi polynomials that satisfy the same boundary conditions.
All-optical microwave receiver

In this paper we describe the design of a microwave receiver in which photonic components replace analog microwave circuitry. The receiver is targeted to provide a spurious free dynamic range of ∼140dBHz⅔ and a signal to noise ratio of 7dB in the 0 to 20GHz range with a 4 GHz bandwidth.
Cuerpos textiles retenidos en la pared torácica. Una situación infrecuente

Resumen Los cuerpos extranos retenidos despues de intervenciones quirurgicas son una complicacion potencialmente grave. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 63 anos con imagen de densidad aumentada en radiologia simple de torax tras una intervencion en region axilar derecha 3 anos antes. En la reintervencion se extrajo una masa fibrotica que resulto ser una compresa quirurgica con material radioopaco. Se discuten los problemas relacionados con cuerpos retenidos.
Feasibility for the implementation of the MENtorship Program

Objective: Men comprise only 9% of the U.S. nursing workforce and 15% of baccalaureate nursing students. The odds of male nursing students completing nursing school are significantly lower than that of female nursing students. Mentoring programs designed to improve male nursing student retention are needed. This study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of a novel “MENtorship” Program for men in nursing school. Methods: This study used a sequential QUAN-qual explanatory mixed methods design in two phases: (1) quantitative web-based surveys were sent to all participants (n = 19) to assess mentor/mentee relationships; and (2) qualitative interviews were conducted to explain the survey results. Data were analyzed thematically, and data source triangulation was done by comparing the qualitative findings to the quantitative findings. Results: Findings included high perceived commitment from mentors and mentees. Participants described multiple program benefits and recommended program improvements. One key recommendation is to provide a thematic focus to each mentor/mentee meeting (i.e. professionalism, ethics, nursing specialties). Conclusions: The MENtorship Program pilot was deemed feasible for future implementation.
Portia (proto-)counts on numerical competency

![Graphic][1] Portia , a genus of small jumping spiders, has the reputation for being a highly effective hunter that uses superb intellect to take down large, poisonous spiders as prey. As reputations go, it's not a bad one. A Google search reveals the little spider to be a veritable eight-
Community Mental Health Providers’ Beliefs About Addressing Weight Loss Among Youth Clients with Serious Emotional Disturbance and Overweight/Obesity: An Elicitation Study

Youth with Serious Emotional Disturbance (SED) have high rates of overweight/obesity. Factors influencing mental health provider intentions to deliver weight-related advice are unclear. This study used qualitative methodology and Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) constructs to examine these factors. Community mental health providers serving youth with SED were recruited via convenience sampling and an online provider list. Participants completed an open-ended TPB-based questionnaire online. Content analysis identified thematic beliefs. Twenty-one providers completed the questionnaire. Providers identified behavioral beliefs (e.g., client defensiveness), normative beliefs (e.g., medical professionals), and control beliefs (e.g., limited resources) that impact decisions to provide weight-related advice. Knowledge of factors that may influence providers’ delivery of weight-related advice may lead to more effective healthy lifestyle programming for youth with SED.
In the eyes of the beholder: The effect of participant diversity on perceived merits of collaborative innovations

Abstract Technological innovations often involve collaboration among firms from diverse industries. Existing literature has largely viewed participant diversity as a conduit for non-redundant information or complementary resources, thereby affecting the ex-post outcomes of innovation projects. However, it is seldom examined how projects are initially evaluated during the resource competition stage. In this study, we develop a theory of diversity as a cognitive primer, asking how collaborators from diverse backgrounds may affect external reviewers’ ex-ante evaluation of potential merits of an innovation project. We argue that there are two logics at work in the process of evaluating innovations: the logic of technological advancement and the logic of market value. When an innovation project involves firms from diverse industries, it may be perceived as having a fuzzier market identity, hence making it less appealing to reviewers who hold with the strong market value logic. However, the penalty associated with participant diversity should be less pronounced among reviewers who hold the technological advancement logic. We also expect the relationship between participant diversity and reviewers’ ratings to be moderated by project novelty and fuzziness of technology category. We find support for our hypotheses with a sample of collaborative innovation projects funded by the Advanced Technology Program of the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology.
Predicting program success for adult offenders with serious mental illness in a court ordered diversion program

ABSTRACTIndividuals with mental illnesses are disproportionately involved with the criminal justice system and are now being diverted from jails to community-based supervision. This study examines secondary data from a state hospital, mental health diversion program. Logistic regression was used to examine risk factors that best predicted successful program completion. Results indicate that non-whites are more likely to complete. Participants in supervised housing, ever been re-hospitalized, diagnosed with a depressive or psychotic disorder or who had their probation revoked were less likely to complete. Findings indicate practitioners should provide a holistic and individually oriented treatment approach for success.
Time-Resolved Protein Fluorescence

In the previous chapter we presented an overview of protein fluorescence. We described the spectral properties of the aromatic amino acids and how these properties depend on protein structure. We now extend this discussion to include time-resolved measurements of intrinsic protein fluorescence. Prior to 1983, most measurements of time-resolved fluorescence were performed using TCSPC. The instruments employed for these measurements typically used a flashlamp excitation source and a standard dynodechain-type PMT. Such instruments provided instrument response functions with a half-width near 2 ns, which is comparable to the decay time of most proteins. The limited repetition rate of the flashlamps, near 20 kHz, resulted in data of modest statistical accuracy, unless the acquisition times were excessively long. Given the complexity of protein intensity and anisotropy decays, and the inherent difficulty of resolving multiexponential processes, it was difficult to obtain definitive information on the decay kinetics of proteins.
APPLICATION OF SEISMIC ISOLATION FOR ITER

In this paper we report on trade study results relating to design features needed to accommodate seismic isolation in the ITER design and on selected features of a proposed seismic isolation system. ITER will implement the layout changes identified in this study, but seismic isolation will only be applied if detailed dynamic analysis based on the EPA design and selected site conditions indicate that it is essential to protect the viability of the project.
Two Novel Slip Training Methods Improve the Likelihood of Recovering Balance After a Laboratory-Induced Slip.

Task-specific balance training is an approach to fall prevention that has the potential to reduce the number of slip-induced falls. However, a limitation of current task-specific training methods is that they require nontrivial financial and/or equipment resources. This pilot study evaluated the efficacy of 2 low-cost, low-tech methods for slip-recovery training in improving balance recovery ability. The 2 methods were as follows: (1) repeated unexpected slip training (UST), which involved repeated unexpected slips while walking (similar to current methods of task-specific slip-recovery training) and (2) volitional slip-recovery training (VST), which involved practicing a slip recovery response after volitionally stepping to induce a slip-like perturbation. A total of 36 young adults completed 1 training session (UST, VST, or control), followed by 1 unexpected, laboratory-induced slip while walking on the following day. Compared with controls, UST and VST resulted in a higher proportion of successful bala...
Utilization of Debug Infrastructure for Post-Silicon Coverage Analysis

Lack of observability combined with a huge design complexity make post-silicon validation and debug challenging. Assertions, as well as a wide variety of checkers, are used in pre-silicon stage to monitor specific functional scenarios. To improve the observability during post-silicon debug, pre-silicon assertions can be synthesized to coverage monitors and placed on silicon. However, synthesizing thousands of assertions can introduce unacceptable area and energy overhead. On the other hand, the absence of coverage monitors would negatively impact post-silicon coverage analysis to capture the coverage of specific events. This chapter proposes a framework for cost-effective post-silicon coverage analysis by identifying hard-to-detect assertions. The approach is based on utilizing existing debug infrastructure to enable coverage analysis in the absence of synthesized coverage monitors. This analysis allows us to identify a small percentage of coverage monitors that need to be synthesized to provide a trade-off between observability versus design overhead. To improve the observability further, an observability-aware trace signal selection algorithm is proposed to give priority to signals associated with important coverage monitors.