cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
La telenovel·la religiosa: la producció d'una cultura popular devota a Indonèsia

A Indonesia, els anys posteriors a la caiguda del regim de Suharto han estat marcats per una proliferacio de la cultura devota popular en els mitjans de comunicacio. Aquesta proliferacio se situa en el context de la transicio politica d'un regim autoritari a la democracia, la industrialitzacio dels mitjans de comunicacio i la irrupcio de l'islam com una de les claus essencials per a entendre l'actual transformacio en els ambits politics, socials i culturals de la societat indonesia contemporania. A grans trets, la meva tesi analitza el paper de l'islam en aquesta transformacio i com la cultura popular n'ha format part integral. Per mitja del cas practic de la produccio d'una telenovel·la religiosa, m'interessa explorar la complexitat que impregna les practiques religioses quan el moviment de devocio religiosa s'apropia dels mitjans de comunicacio laics/capitalistes per a promoure el culte. En altres paraules, aquest article es pregunta el seguent: quan la logica del moviment de devocio religiosa i la logica de la industria mediatica convergeixen, quin tipus de practiques religioses i cinematografiques es mantenen, es negocien i es questionen? Partint d'un marc metodologic basat en les teories sobre les practiques mediatiques (Bourdieu, 1977 i 1993; Couldry, 2004; Hobart, propera aparicio; Rajagopal, 2001), he estructurat en dues dimensions la meva analisi sobre com i per que es construeixen, ratifiquen i questionen les practiques i els estandards: dimensio interna ( on-site ) i dimensio externa ( off-site ).
Freedom's Crucible: William T. Richardson and the Schooling of the Freedmen.

Early in the Civil War, the Sea Islands near South Carolina and some 10,000 slaves fell into Union hands. Abolitionists saw an opportunity to aid these newly freed slaves. In what became known as the Port Royal Experiment, northern volunteers became teachers and plantation superintendents. This was perhaps the first federal involvement, though indirect, in adult basic education. Literacy education became an important aspect of the "Experiment," largely through William T. Richardson, a member of the American Missionary Association. He founded teaching in night schools for the freed slaves and promoted adult classes among A.M.A. teachers. His work with this unique adult population offers a provocative first-person look at a chapter in adult basic education's history.
Rat gastric injury after lipopolysaccharide: role of inducible nitric oxide synthase.

Background Short-term treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) causes morphologic, but not macroscopic, gastric injury and decreases gastric injury caused by a subsequent challenge with a luminal irritant. This effect is abrogated by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibition. The effects of long-term treatment with LPS on gastric injury are unknown as is the role of iNOS. We hypothesized that LPS would cause macroscopic gastric injury at later time points through an iNOS-dependent pathway. Methods Conscious rats were given saline or LPS (1 or 20 mg/kg intraperitoneal) as a single intraperitoneal injection and killed 24 to 72 hours after injection. Macroscopic gastric injury (computerized planimetry), gastric luminal fluid volume and pH, and iNOS protein levels were assessed. Results When compared with saline, high-dose but not low-dose LPS caused macroscopic gastric injury, increased gastric luminal fluid and pH, and up-regulated iNOS at 24 and 48 hours. All assessments returned to baseline by 72 hours. Inhibition of iNOS with 1400W (1 mg/kg intraperitoneal) given 15 minutes before saline or LPS (20 mg/kg) attenuated the deleterious effects of LPS on gastric injury and pH, but not fluid accumulation. Conclusions These data suggest that prolonged treatment with high-dose LPS causes gastric injury through an iNOS-mediated pathway.
Repair of Type A Dissection in a Jehovah's Witness With Prior Cardiac Operation

As the practice of cardiothoracic surgery continues to evolve in the face of an aging population and increasing comorbidities, patients are being offered options that once may have been considered off limits, often without guidelines or consensus available to guide the surgeon or the patient. A case report of a high-risk aortic procedure is presented to illustrate this conundrum.
Who links to whom: mining linkage between Web sites

Previous studies of the Web graph structure have focused on the graph structure at the level of individual pages. In actuality the Web is a hierarchically nested graph, with domains, hosts and Web sites introducing intermediate levels of affiliation and administrative control. To better understand the growth of the Web we need to understand its macro-structure, in terms of the linkage between Web sites. We approximate this by studying the graph of the linkage between hosts on the Web. This was done based on snapshots of the Web taken by Google in Oct 1999, Aug 2000 and Jun 2001. The connectivity between hosts is represented by a directed graph, with hosts as nodes and weighted edges representing the count of hyperlinks between pages on the corresponding hosts. We demonstrate how such a "hostgraph" can be used to study connectivity properties of hosts and domains over time, and discuss a modified "copy model" to explain observed link weight distributions as a function of subgraph size. We discuss changes in the Web over time in the size and connectivity of Web sites and country domains. We also describe a data mining application of the hostgraph: a related host finding algorithm which achieves a precision of 0.65 at rank 3.
Diabetes Quality of Care and Outpatient Utilization Associated With Electronic Patient-Provider Messaging: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

Objective: To test the hypothesis that electronic patient-provider messaging is associated with high care quality for diabetes and lower outpatient utilization. Research Design and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of electronic patient-provider messaging over a 15-month period between January 1, 2004 and March 31, 2005. The study was set at Group Health Cooperative, a consumer-governed, nonprofit health care system that operates in Washington and Idaho. Participants included all patients aged 18 or over with a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. In addition to usual care, all patients had the option to use electronic messaging to communicate with their care providers. The primary outcome measures were diabetes-related quality of care indicators (HbA1c, blood pressure, and LDL cholesterol) and outpatient visits (primary care, specialty care, and emergency). Results: Nineteen percent of patients with diabetes used electronic messaging to communicate with their care providers during the study period (n = 2,924; overall study cohort = 15,427). In multivariate models, frequent use of electronic messaging was associated with HbA1c < 7% (RR 1.36, 95% CI 1.16 to 1.58). Contrary to our hypothesis, frequent use of electronic messaging was also associated with a higher rate of outpatient visits (RR 1.39, 95% CI 1.26 to 1.53). Conclusions: Frequent use of electronic secure messaging is associated with better glycemic control and increased outpatient utilization. Electronic patient-provider communication may represent one strategy to meet the healthcare needs of this unique population. More research is necessary to assess the impact of electronic messaging on care quality and utilization.
A study on voltage collapse mechanism in electric power systems

A mechanism of the dynamic phenomenon of voltage collapse is presented from the physical point of view. It is shown that an iterative reaction of voltage drop between a dynamic load and the system network can cause voltage collapse. The dynamic phenomenon of voltage collapse is analyzed on a simple power system model which includes a synchronous motor. Dynamic equations describing the mechanism of voltage collapse caused by a very small disturbance are derived, and the physical explanation of the voltage collapse mechanism is presented in detail for the case when the system is operating near the bifurcation point and its linearized system matrix has a very small negative eigenvalue. It is shown that an iterative reaction of voltage drop between a dynamic load and the system network can cause voltage collapse. >
BIRD DROPPINGS COMPETE WITH BAIT SPRAYS FOR RHAGOLETIS POMONELLA (WALSH) FLIES (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE)

Published studies have shown inconsistent effects of proteinaceous bait sprays against apple maggot flies, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh). Explanations of inconsistency could involve the presence of natural food such as bird droppings competing with bait sprays for attraction of flies. Under field, semi-field, or laboratory conditions, we found that: (1) aqueous solutions of 10% proteinaceous bait (Nulure) were significantly more attractive than water to protein-denied but not to protein-provided apple maggot flies; (2) addition of 2% toxicant (malathion 50 EC) did not affect attractiveness of Nulure droplets but did significantly deter feeding by arriving protein-provided flies (though not protein-denied flies); (3) droppings collected from barn swallows, chickens, and unidentified birds on apple trees were significantly more attractive than solutions or droplets of Nulure to protein-denied flies; (4) droppings that were freshly deposited or fresh from cold storage were significantly less attractive than droppings held under ambient conditions for 1 or 2 days; (5) droppings allowed to dry for 1 day at 25 °C, 60% RH were no less attractive than droppings that received water to simulate dew or rainfall; and (6) droppings treated with antibiotics were significantly less attractive than droppings not treated with antibiotics, indicating that bacteria may be involved in generating attractive volatiles. Together, these findings suggest that in situations where natural sources of protein such as bird droppings or insect honeydew are abundant, apple maggot flies may be relatively unaffected by addition of proteinaceous bait to insecticide sprays.
Pervasiveness of Dominant General Factors in Organizational Measurement

Abstract : General factors are found in the measurement of many human traits. The concept of dominant general factors (DGFs) is introduced to represent the magnitude of general factors within numerous content domains. DGFs are defined as coming from the largest sources of reliable variance and influencing every variable measuring the construct. Although these factors are most frequently found in measures of cognitive ability, they are not limited to cognitive abilities. Examples are provided for a variety of construct and content domains along with estimates of their DGF percentages, ranging from 38% to 92%. Several reasons for these results are offered, and a call for concerted research is made. Research that ignores DGFs by treating specific factors or constructs within a domain as if they were distinct and uncorrelated can lead to errors in interpretation.
Mobile genetic elements: in silico, in vitro, in vivo.

Mobile genetic elements (MGEs), also called transposable elements (TEs), represent universal components of most genomes and are intimately involved in nearly all aspects of genome organization, function and evolution. However, there is currently a gap between the fast pace of TE discovery in silico, driven by the exponential growth of comparative genomic studies, and a limited number of experimental models amenable to more traditional in vitro and in vivo studies of structural, mechanistic and regulatory properties of diverse MGEs. Experimental and computational scientists came together to bridge this gap at a recent conference, 'Mobile Genetic Elements: in silico, in vitro, in vivo', held at the Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL) in Woods Hole, MA, USA.
Pitfalls of the Typical Construction of Decision Matrices for Concept Selection

The conceptual design phase of the engineering design process can be divided into three general activities (i) function specification, (ii) concept generation, and (iii) concept selection. In this paper we explore the pitfalls of one of the most popular approaches for concept selection – namely decision matrices. Although powerful in many cases, methods based on decision matrices may fail to aid designers in selecting potentially preferable designs. This is simply because decision matrices are based on an inadequate mathematical construct. In this paper, we show that some non-dominated design concepts (in particular, optimal concepts that lie on non-convex regions of the Pareto frontier) do not receive the highest total score when using decision matrices in their typical form; and as a result, may be prematurely eliminated. In practice, it is not uncommon for designers to use information from the decision matrix to classify certain design concepts as undesirable, when actually they may be desirable. This paper exposes significant risks associated with decision matrices, and suggests candidate alternative approaches. Interestingly, we also show that constructing decision matrices using approaches such as compromise programming does not necessarily solve the problem of misrepresenting the desirability of design concepts that lie on non-convex regions of the Pareto frontier.
Suppression of Saratoga Spittlebug with Helicopter Application of Low- and High-Volume Malathion

The Saratoga spittlebug, Aphrophora saratogensis (Fitch), is a destructive pest in pine plantations. The recommended control by aircraft, 1 lb DDT per acre, has certain undesirable characteristics. Malathion was recently found to be an effective substitute for DDT, when applied with a mist blower. Since mist blowers are impractical over large acreages, the application of malathion with a helicopter was tested. Both low- and high-volume dosages were tested. Adult spittlebug population estimates were made before and after treatment. One lb malathion per gal per acre and 10 fluid oz malathion per acre (low vol.) both gave more than 97% suppression. The latter was the most economical effective treatment.
P2-01-22: Characterization of Four ER-Negative Breast Primary Tumor Dissociated Cultures as a Model for the In Vitro and In Vivo Study of Tumorigenesis, Metastasis and Angiogenesis.

ER negative breast cancers comprise a subtype of tumors for which there are few therapies with successful response. Currently, the use of established cell lines has allowed detailed molecular and cellular studies on cancer mechanisms ranging form stem cells to proliferation, from tumorigenesis to invasion and metastases, and from tumor suppressors to oncogenes. But while cell lines provide a source of homogeneous, propagatable material, a drawback of this model is that most breast cancer cell lines are derived from metastatic lesions that may harbor additional mutations and have little resemblance with the primary tumor of origin. Additionally, the continuous passage of these cells over the last 20-plus years has given rise to well-established differences in growth rate, hormone receptor status, karyotype and clonogenicity. Our purpose here was to characterize four primary dissociated tumor (DT) cell cultures from ER- breast tumors, the establishment of which we had previously described, to determine if they could provide more accurate models for both in vitro and in vivo studies. These four DT cultures (DT16, DT22, DT25 and DT28) display a triple negative phenotype and were characterized by their genomic profile by the PAM50 predictor analysis as belonging to the basal (DT22, DT25 and DT28) and luminal B (DT16) subtypes. Of those cultures for which primary tumor sample was available, microarray gene expression profiling and cell line clustering analysis show the primary tumor and dissociated culture cluster together and to similar breast tumors. Interestingly, of the three basal DT cultures, DT22 clusters with Claudin-low tumors and cell lines. We have established that each of these 4 DTs are tumorigenic in the NOD/SCID mouse model, and are now assessing their metastatic potential. DT16 generated metastases in 25% of the mice (6 out of 24; two in liver, four in lymph node). DT22 generated highly vascularized tumors, which may provide a relevant model for study of the in vivo vascular recruitment process. In addition, we have analyzed and characterized the role of pivotal signaling pathways often deregulated in breast cancer such as EGFR, P-MAPK, PI3k/mTOR, p53, TGFb, Hedgehog, Notch, and Wnt in both the 2D culture as well as in sections of xenograft samples. Given that the scope of primary tumor heterogeneity and consequently the early stages of breast tumorigenesis are under-represented by current in vitro models in breast cancer research, the use of these DT cell cultures could more accurately recapitulate the disease in both the in vitro and in vivo settings. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-01-22.
One-Factorizations and Triple Systems

Among the most important combinatorial designs are balanced incomplete block designs. A balanced incomplete block design with parameters (v, b, r, k, λ) is a way of choosing b subsets of size k from a v-set so that any element belongs to precisely r of the sets and any two elements commonly belong to λ of them. The k-sets are called blocks. It is easy to see that these parameters are not independent — in fact, r(k — 1) = λ(v — 1) and bk = vr — and that the constancy of r is implied by the constancy of k and λ.
Characterization and Expression of a Ripening-Induced Cellulase Gene from Avocado

Softening of avocado fruit during ripening is mediated primarily by autodigestion of the cell wall. Two enzymes, polygalacturonase [poly(1, 4 α-D-galacturonide) glycanohydrolase. E.C. 3. 2. 1. 15] and cellulase [endo-l, 4-s-D-glucan 4-glucanohydrolase, E.C. 3. 2. 1. 4], are thought to be the principal enzymes involved in cell wall breakdown. In fact, increases in these enzyme activities are closely correlated with the softening of avocado fruit (Pesis et al., 1979; Awad and Young, 1979).
142. Evolution of Cell-Specific RNA Aptamers Against Glioblastoma Cancer Stem Cells Via Live Cell-Based SELEX

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most prevalent and lethal primary brain tumour and ranks among the most lethal of all cancers. The median survival time is only 12 to 15 months despite surgical resection followed by radio- and chemotherapy. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), also called self-renewing tumour-initiating cells (TICs), represent a malignant subpopulation of cells in hierarchically organized tumours. GBM CSCs are thought to be portion of glioblastoma cells that are responsible for both cellular invasion and therapeutics resistance, indicating the need for therapies that kill these cells and for imaging reagents that can identify them in vivo. Although several surface CSCs markers have shown their promise in glioblastoma to prospectively enrich or deplete CSCs, their uses were limited by a shared antigen with normal stem cells. Novel biomarkers that specifically recognize CSCs are highly desired. Therefore, developing a cell-type specific aptamers that prospectively identify GBM CSCs may not only serve as a platform for the development of novel targeted therapies and imaging reagents, but also permit the discovery of novel biomarkers for GBM CSCs. Additionally, we reasoned that a combinatorial use of various nucleic acids such as small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and aptamers could be more efficacious in suppressing tumour growth through specifically targeting to GBM CSCs.In the present study, by combining the “Live Cell-based SELEX” strategy with high throughput sequencing (HTS) technology and bioinformatics analysis, we successfully identified several 2’-Fluoropyrimidine modified RNA aptamers targeted to Glioblastoma cancer stem cells. One of the best candidates (S-2 aptamer) specifically bound and was efficiently internalized into Glioblastoma cancer stem cells. Our efforts demonstrate that the cell-specific, internalizing RNA aptamers offer great promise for cell-type- or tissue-specific delivery and imaging reagents for targeted treatment of glioblastoma. We are presently investigating the ligand recognized by the aptamer.
Bringing ‘Biafra’ back in: narrative, identity, and the politics of non-reconciliation in Nigeria

Drawing on Biafra as the most critical project in Igbo nationalism in Nigeria, this article examines the interpretations and appropriations of the Nigeria-Biafra War. It focuses on the meaning and ...
Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations: A Reader's Guide

Prologue 1. Adam Smith's moral philosophical vision: the context of his economic analysis 2. An inquiry: Book I 3. An inquiry: Books II and III 4. An inquiry: Book IV 5. An inquiry: Book V Epilogue: Adam Smith and laissez-faire.
Using Text Comprehension Model for Learning Concepts, Context, and Topic of Web Content

Concepts in web ontologies help machines to understand data through the meanings they hold. Furthermore, learning contexts and topics of web documents also have helped in better semantic-oriented structuring and retrieval of data on the web. In this short paper we present a novel approach for domain-independent open learning of domain concepts, context and topic of any given web document. Our approach is based on a computational version of the Construction-Integration (CI) model of text comprehension. Our proposed system mimics the way humans learn the meanings of textual units and identify domain concepts, contexts and topics in the form of semantic networks. We apply our system on a number of web documents with a range of topics and domains. The resulting semantic networks provide a quantitative and qualitative insights into the nature of the given web documents.
Population-Scale Pervasive Health

Population-scale pervasive health research attempts to harness large-scale data that has already been collected through commercial devices and web applications to study human behaviors and the links between that data and health and well-being. Leveraging these existing datasets enables studies of behaviors and health at an unprecedented scale, resolution, and duration relatively inexpensively and quickly. Yet although there are great advantages in leveraging large-scale datasets for individual and population health, specialized computational methods are needed to overcome the limitations of this approach. Here, the author reviews lessons learned from his own work and from the works of other researchers, and he presents current challenges and opportunities.
Genetic Evidence for Early Peritoneal Spreading in Pelvic High-Grade Serous Cancer.

Background: Most pelvic high-grade serous (HGS) carcinomas have been proposed to arise from tubal primaries that progress rapidly to advanced disease. However, the sequence of ovarian and peritoneal metastases is not well characterized. Methods: To establish the sequence of metastases, phylogenetic relationships among the ovarian and peritoneal carcinomas were determined from single nucleotide variations (SNVs) in nine tumor regions from each patient with pelvic HGS carcinomas. Somatic SNVs from each tumor sample were used to reconstruct phylogenies of samples from each patient. Variant allele frequencies were used to reconstruct subclone phylogenies in each tumor sample. Results: We show that pelvic HGS carcinomas are highly heterogeneous, only sharing less than 4% of somatic SNVs among all nine carcinoma implants in one patient. TP53 mutations are found in all nine carcinoma implants in each patient. The phylogenetic analyses reveal that peritoneal metastases arose from early branching events that preceded branching events for ovarian carcinomas in some patients. Finally, subclone phylogenies indicate the presence of multiple subclones at each tumor implants and early-evolved tumor clones in peritoneal implants. Conclusions: The genetic evidence that peritoneal implants arose prior to or concurrently with ovarian implants is consistent with the emerging concept of the extra-ovarian origin of HGS ovarian cancer. Our results challenge the concept of step-wise spatial progression from the Fallopian primary to ovarian carcinomas to peritoneal dissemination and suggest an alternative progression model where peritoneal spreading of early-evolved clones occur prior to or in parallel with ovarian metastases.
Decoding New York State's prescription monitoring program

This column describes the Internet System for Tracking Over-Prescribing (I-STOP), New York State's prescription monitoring program, and its compatibility with HIPAA and Part 2 of Volume 42 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). The authors review use of information that is permitted by I-STOP and CFR for health care operations, including disclosure, and present information from the state Bureau of Narcotics Enforcement about appropriate use of the program. Physicians are permitted, for example, to contact other prescribers in I-STOP, even without explicit permission from the patient, an area in which physicians need more training. Common clinical scenarios encountered while navigating I-STOP are described.
The Experimental Analysis of Human Operant Behavior

The unprecedented growth in the experimental analysis of human operant behavior has depended on, and been stimulated by, conceptual and theoretical developments in behavior analysis and a corresponding expansion of research methods. Research methods play a key role in scientific development and that is the reason for this volume. The chapters herein review and assess the methods available to researchers interested in the variety of topics that constitute the experimental analysis of human behavior. In so doing, the chapters also provide an overview of important empirical and theoretical issues in this exciting branch of contemporary behavior analysis.
Is Hypothermia Beneficial by Preventing Fever

Preclinical studies of cerebral ischemia and trauma find increased brain tissue injury and worsened functional outcomes if the brain temperature exceeds 39°C. Several retrospective studies of patients with new-onset stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, or subarachnoid hemorrhage support these observations. However, fever is very common among these patients early after the onset of their disease, particularly if they are in the intensive care unit for a week or more, and brain temperatures are likely to be as much as 2°C higher than rectal temperatures. Finally, intravascular temperature modulation has been shown to be more effective in preventing fever than conventional methods such as antipyretic medications or surface cooling techniques. Further study is needed to establish whether such better control of temperature will lead to improved outcomes.
Komplexität des Simplexverfahrens

Wir haben uns bis jetzt damit befasst, dass der Simplexalgorithmus funktioniert und was man dafur tun muss, aber wir haben uns noch nicht gefragt, wie gut er denn funktioniert. Das ist eine entscheidende Frage, denn der Speicherplatz eines Rechners ist begrenzt, und es steht naturlich auch nicht beliebig viel Zeit zur Verfugung. Deshalb sehen wir in der benotigten Rechenzeit, im Speicherplatzbedarf und in der Genauigkeit die Hauptkriterien fur Effizienz.
The cost of addressing saline lake level decline and the potential for water conservation markets

Abstract The world's saline lakes are shrinking and human water diversions are a significant contributor. While there is increased interest in protecting the ecosystem services provided by these lakes, the cost of protecting water levels has not been estimated. To explore this question we consider the case of Great Salt Lake (Utah, USA) where human diversions from three rivers have caused the lake level to decline during the last century. Recent work has suggested the restoration of inflows is necessary to maintain a target elevation consistent with well-functioning ecosystems. We construct cost estimates of increasing water inflows using conservation cost curves for each river basin. We then compare the cost of uniform cutbacks to cap-and-trade systems which allow intra- and inter-basin trading. The cost of water to permanently implement uniform water right cutbacks to increase inflows by 20% above current levels is $37.4 million. Costs and cost-savings are sensitive to alternative allocation, inflow, and cost assumptions, and we estimate significant cost reductions from intra-basin water conservation markets (5–54% cost decrease) and inter-basin water conservation markets (22–57% cost decrease).
Outcomes of Intubation-induced Vocal Fold Motion Impairment

Abstract Objective Vocal fold motion impairment (VFMI) is a potential consequence of intubation. Studies describing the natural course of this complication are largely case reports. This study aims to evaluate outcomes for a cohort of patients who endured varying degrees of vocal fold immobility or hypomobility post-intubation. Study Design Retrospective chart review. Methods Upon excluding known causes of VFMI, such as surgeries and tumors involving the head and neck, VFMI cases (ICD-9 diagnosis code 478.3) were identified from 2008 to 2014 at a regional healthcare institution. A total of 2,387 were identified and of those, 25 were intubation-induced VFMI cases. This cohort was then examined for notable features. Results With a mean prolonged intubation duration of 6.55 days, 68% of cases resulted in left unilateral, 8% right unilateral, and 24% bilateral VFMI. Overall, 80% of patients experienced a recovery outcome (voice improvement or restoration of vocal fold mobility). Median recovery time was 4.31 months (mean, 6.51 months; range, 19-715 days). In cases of unilateral VFMI, 95% of cases had a recovery outcome. In cases of bilateral VFMI, 33% of cases had a recovery outcome. Additionally, bilateral cases showed a statistically significant association with an approximately 36-fold lower odds of recovery than unilateral cases (odds ratio, 0.0278; 95% confidence interval, 0.0020-0.3868; P value, 0.0077). Conclusions Intubation-induced VFMI is rare. In this cohort, most cases resulted from prolonged intubation. While spontaneous recovery was the most common outcome, full remission was not guaranteed in every case. A sizable proportion of cases revealed bilateral motion impairment which was less likely to resolve. Our results are informative for tracheostomy decision-making and differential diagnoses for post-intubation laryngeal symptomatology.
"Testimonios" and Liberation Psychology as Praxis: Informing Educators in the Borderlands.

A doctoral student in counseling psychology, sociology of education scholar, and a counselor and school psychologist extend the work of the canonical theoretical framework and testimonios in Tellin...
Issue Prioritization by Bureaucratic Leaders: The Influence of Institutional Structure:

Attention is an important factor in the study of institutional agenda setting. It has been shown to influence the selection of issues to consider and the prioritization of these issues. This articl...
Chondrogenic differentiation potential of adult and fetal equine cell types.

Objective To determine the chondrogenic potential of cells derived from interzone tissue, the normal progenitor of articular cartilage during fetal development, compared to that of adult bone marrow-derived and adipose-derived mesenchymal cell isolates. The objective of this study was to compare the chondrogenic potential of fetal musculoskeletal progenitor cells to adult cell types, which are currently used therapeutically to facilitate joint cartilage repair in equine clinical practice. The hypothesis tested was that cells derived from interzone tissue have a chondrogenic potential that exceeds that of adult bone marrow-derived and adipose-derived mesenchymal cell isolates. Study design In vitro study. Animals Six young adult horses (15-17 months of age) and 6 equine fetuses aged 45-46 days of gestation. Methods Three-dimensional pellet cultures were established under chondrogenic conditions with fresh, primary cells isolated from adult (articular cartilage, bone marrow, adipose, dermis) and fetal (interzone, skeletal anlagen cartilage, dermis) tissues. Cellular morphology, pellet architecture, and proteoglycan synthesis were assessed in the pellet cultures. Steady state levels of ACAN (aggrecan core protein), COL2A1 (collagen type II), and COL1A1 (collagen type I) messenger RNA (mRNA) were compared among these cell types as pellet cultures and monolayer cultures. Results Adult articular chondrocytes, fetal interzone cells, and fetal anlage cells generated the largest pellets under these chondrogenic culture conditions. Pellets derived from adult articular chondrocytes and fetal anlage cells had the highest scores on a neocartilage grading scale. Fetal anlage and adult articular chondrocyte pellets had low steady-state levels of COL1A mRNA but high COL2A1 expression. Anlage chondrocyte pellets also had the highest expression of ACAN. Conclusion Adult articular chondrocytes, fetal interzone cells, and fetal anlage chondrocytes exhibited the highest chondrogenic potential. In this study, adult adipose-derived cells exhibited very limited chondrogenesis, and bone marrow-derived cells had limited and variable chondrogenic potential. Clinical significance Additional investigation of the high chondrogenic potential of fetal interzone cells and anlage chondrocytes to advance cell-based therapies in diarthrodial joints is warranted.
Surveillance of Low-Grade Appendiceal Mucinous Neoplasms With Peritoneal Metastases After Cytoreductive Surgery and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy: Are 5 Years Enough? A Multisite Experience

Low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms (LAMNs) are tumors that often present with widespread mucin in the peritoneal cavity (pseudomyxoma peritonei [PMP]). Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) are effective treatment, but no published recommendations exist regarding surveillance. Data from prospective databases of patients who underwent CRS-HIPEC from 2001 to 2017 at two high-volume institutions were retrospectively analyzed. Patients who underwent complete CRS-HIPEC for PMP secondary to LAMN were included in the analysis. Pathologic examination confirmed the diagnosis of LAMN. Cases of mucinous adenocarcinomas and neuroendocrine tumors (goblet cell carcinoids) were excluded. The study enrolled 156 patients. The median peritoneal cancer index (PCI) was 18 (interquartile range IQR1–3, 12–23), and 125 patients (80.1%) had a CC0 cytoreduction. According to American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) grading, 152 patients (97.4%) presented with acellular mucin or G1 implants, 2 patients (1.3%) presented with G2 disease, and 2 patients (1.3%) presented with G3 disease. During the follow-up period (median, 45 months; IQR1–3 23–76 months), 23 patients (14.7%) experienced recurrence. All the recurrences were peritoneal and occurred within 5 years. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) rates were respectively 95.5%, 83.4%, and 78.3%. Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that higher PCI scores (p < 0.001), a CC1 cytoreduction (p = 0.005), and higher preoperative levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) (p = 0.012) and CA-125 (p = 0.032) correlated with a shorter DFS. Only higher PCI scores independently predicted earlier recurrences (p < 0.001). Most patients had recurrence within 3 years after CRS-HIPEC, and none after 5 years. High PCI was the only independently significant variable. The study findings support intensive surveillance (every 3–6 months) with tumor markers and imaging methods during the first 3 years, and annual surveillance thereafter, with follow-up assessment after 5 years yielding limited benefit.
Introducing Feedback Control to Middle and High School STEM Students, Part 1: Basic Concepts

Abstract This paper presents some insights on introducing control concepts to middle and high school STEM students. It summarizes the author’s experience in introducing control to such students at multiple workshops preceding control conferences. The author has found that if one understands and works with the most common skill sets for such students, principles of feedback and feedforward control can be introduced to such students with considerable success. The students are always engaged through the talk, with nobody looking at their phones. In Part 1 (this paper), we share here the ideas behind the success of these talks. In Part 2 (Abramovitch (2019)), we show how to discuss control systems math to students who have not had calculus or differential equations.
Peripheral Nerve Biopsy Evaluation

This chapter reviews the peripheral nerve biopsy acquisition, specimen processing, and the interpretation of histopathological stains, semithin sections, and electron microscopy. Specific morphologic features that are commonly encountered in peripheral nerve biopsies are summarized, and their diagnostic implications are discussed.
Analyzing Sanitation Sustainability Assessment Frameworks for Resource-Limited Communities

Diverse and numerous sanitation sustainability assessment frameworks have been created to enhance the ability of systems to provide safe sanitation services, especially in resource-limited contexts. However, many go unused while new frameworks are developed and high sanitation system failure rates persist. To better support the sustainable development goal around global sanitation, there is a need to better understand how sanitation sustainability is defined and measured and the potential advantages and disadvantages of existing assessment frameworks. A subset of existing sanitation sustainability assessment frameworks was reviewed after applying each to evaluate multiple successful and failed community sanitation systems in India. Overall, the evaluated frameworks did not share a sanitation sustainability definition or core set of essential indicators. Many indicators lacked clear definitions and guidance on data collection and analysis. When evaluating framework effectiveness, differentiations between successful and failed cases varied greatly between frameworks. Potential improvements include indicator pilot testing to verify measurement feasibility and that they provide expected results; context-specific weightings; and project-specific framework selection. Clarifying and improving sanitation sustainability assessment frameworks could increase their effectiveness and use, leading to better decision-making and improved public and environmental health, economic viability, and sanitation use and acceptance.
Iron pill-induced duodenitis: A distinct pattern of duodenal mucosal injury in a patient with a duodenal mass

Ferrous sulfate is an oral iron supplement commonly used to treat iron deficiency anemia. Upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract mucosal damage with associated tissue iron accumulation can sometimes occur with therapeutic dosages of oral iron-containing medications. A distinct histologic pattern of iron deposition with associated inflammatory and reactive changes caused by mucosal injury from oral iron-containing medications has been most commonly described within gastric biopsies and has been referred to as "iron-pill gastritis". There have only been very rare reports of duodenal mucosa biopsies demonstrating predominantly extracellular crystalline iron deposits with surrounding tissue inflammation and injury analogous to the "iron-pill gastritis" pattern. Here we report a case of "iron pill-induced duodenitis", an uncommon histologic pattern of duodenal iron deposition and mucosal injury seen in a female in her 50 s with clinical findings of a duodenal mass.
Microaggressions in Human Service Organizations

Microaggressions are interpersonal communications that invalidate, tokenize, exoticize, and isolate those with nondominant group identities. The aim of this chapter is to discuss how human service organizations (HSOs), often designed to support people who live at the intersections of multiple forms of domination and marginalization, can maintain settings where microaggressions persist. This chapter provides examples of microaggressions from two distinct human service organizations and discusses how to respond to microaggressions at individual and interpersonal levels as both targets and perpetrators. This chapter also describes organizations getting In View, which means they are consistently self-correcting and seeking to disrupt the institutional power structures that support the perpetration of microaggressions. Future research, practice, and policy implications are discussed.
Drawing to Learn: Using Visualization as Pedagogy for Exploring the Social World

Even though drawing, as a form of learning, has been confined to disciplines such as fine arts and graphics design, there is evidence that drawing can be an important heuristic device for teaching ...
Black Muslim brilliance: Confronting antiblackness and Islamophobia through transnational educational migration

Black Muslim youth confront antiblackness and Islamophobia in US schools and society, yet few studies examine how this population navigates these intersecting oppressions. In addition, there has be...
Contrasting Reactive Organic Carbon Observations in the Southeast United States (SOAS) and Southern California (CalNex)

Despite the central role of reactive organic carbon (ROC) in the formation of secondary species that impact global air quality and climate, our assessment of ROC abundance and impacts is challenged by the diversity of species that contribute to it. We revisit measurements of ROC species made during two field campaigns in the United States: the 2013 SOAS campaign in forested Centreville, AL, and the 2010 CalNex campaign in urban Pasadena, CA. We find that average measured ROC concentrations are about twice as high in Pasadena (73.8 μgCsm-3) than in Centreville (36.5 μgCsm-3). However, the OH reactivity (OHR) measured at these sites is similar (20.1 and 19.3 s-1). The shortfall in OHR when summing up measured contributions is 31%, at Pasadena and 14% at Centreville, suggesting that there may be a larger reservoir of unmeasured ROC at the former site. Estimated O3 production and SOA potential (defined as concentration × yield) are both higher during CalNex than SOAS. This analysis suggests that the ROC in urban California is less reactive, but due to higher concentrations of oxides of nitrogen and hydroxyl radicals, is more efficient in terms of O3 and SOA production, than in the forested southeastern U.S.
Impact of Valgus vs Varus Mechanical Axis Correction During Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty on Postoperative Periarticular Bone Mineral Density

Abstract Background Knee periarticular bone mineral density (BMD) is influenced by limb malalignment. The purpose of this study is to determine if the nature and magnitude of alignment correction (ΔAlign°) performed during primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) had an impact on BMD at the metaphysis of the distal femur (DFmr) and proximal tibia (PTb). Methods Seventy-one patients (male = 37 |female = 34; age: 65 ± 2 years) underwent full-length standing X-rays and knee-specific BMD measurements using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry before and 3 and 6 months following TKA. A t-test was used to compare baseline demographics and knee-specific BMD measures (medial/lateral DFmr/PTb) between patients with preoperative valgus (VAL, N = 18) and varus (VAR, N = 53) malalignment. Pearson correlation analysis was used to determine if ΔAlign° correlated with site-specific knee BMD changes. A 2 (varus/valgus) by 3 (time) analysis of variance was used to compare site-specific BMD (%ΔBMD) changes following TKA. Type I error was set at α = 0.05 for all analyses. Results VAR patients had higher preoperative BMD for medial measurement at both the DFmr (VAR: 1.17 ± 0.06 g/cm2; VAL: 1.00 ± 0.09 g/cm2) and PTb (VAR: 1.41 ± 0.07 g/cm2; VAL: 1.29 ± 0.14 g/cm2) (P Conclusion Valgus patients exhibited reduced medial BMD at DFmr and PTb and showed sustained improvements 6 months postsurgery. Mechanical axis correction may be clinically impactful to bone remodeling when correcting valgus malalignment. Level of Evidence Level II, prospective cohort study.
Order-of-magnitude increase in laser-target coupling at near-relativistic intensities using compound parabolic concentrators.

Achieving a high conversion efficiency into relativistic electrons is central to short-pulse laser application and fundamentally relies on creating interaction regions with intensities $\ensuremath{\gg}{10}^{18}\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\mathrm{W}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$. Small focal length optics are typically employed to achieve this goal; however, this solution is impractical for large kJ-class systems that are constrained by facility geometry, debris concerns, and component costs. We fielded target-mounted compound parabolic concentrators to overcome these limitations and achieved nearly an order-of-magnitude increase to the conversion efficiency and more than tripled electron temperature compared to flat targets. Particle-in-cell simulations demonstrate that plasma confinement within the cone and formation of turbulent laser fields that develop from cone wall reflections are responsible for the improved laser-to-target coupling. These passive target components can be used to improve the coupling efficiency for all high-intensity short-pulse laser applications, particularly at large facilities with long focal length optics.
Predatory Conferences: Calling for Vigilance From Ophthalmologists and Vision Scientists.

Purpose To describe the newer predatory movement within academia: predatory conferences and its associated characteristics. Design Perspective Methods Literature review of currently published literature regarding the topic Results Although ophthalmology and vision science are often spared from falling prey to predatory organizations, it is important for scientists of all levels, from trainees to senior faculty, to be aware of the existence of for-profit conferences and their characteristics. Conclusion We discuss the details of predatory conferences and provide resources to help identify such meetings for all scientists and professionals.
An Analytic Independent Particle Model for Atoms: I. Initial Studies

Publisher Summary Properties such as ionization energy, excitation energy, transition probabilities, elastic, excitation, and ionization cross sections are needed in problems involving the deposition of charged particle energy in matter. A series of calculational studies have been undertaken that utilize a two-parameter analytic atomic independent particle model (IPM) potential that is close to the average Hartree–Fock potential acting on the electrons in an atom. An advantage of the analytic IPM approach is that one can directly use many techniques developed and exploited in extensive studies involving the nuclear independent particle models, e.g., the shell and optical models and distorted wave analyses of nuclear collisions. Among these techniques is the ability to adjust the parameters of the model in relationship to experimental data or data acquired from more rigorous calculations. In many instances, such an adjustment allows for small effects that are neglected at the present stage of applied atomic physics. The development of rapid numerical techniques for solving the radial Schrodinger equation permits to concentrate on the massive body of physics that can be encompassed by the use of realistic electron-atom potentials. In the work of Green, Sellin, and Zachor (GSZ) a simple analytic atomic IPM potential with a continuous first derivative was found that uses only two parameters. The adjustment of the two parameters of the GSZ-IPM model is quite sensitive to the data or weighting used in the adjustment.