cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of five enantiomerically pure haptens designed for in vitro evolution of antibodies with peptidase activity.

A series of five haptens have been synthesized for use in in vitro selection experiments from combinatorial antibody lii~raries. Haptens were designed for the recruitment of serine and cysteine protease reaction mechanisms for the cleavage of Pae-Ala and Phe-Phe (L,L) dipeptide analogues. For the selection of transition state stabilization, PheP(O)Ala (7) and P!aeP(O)Phe (10) derivatives were synthesized using the Mitsunobu approach where Phe P represents the phosphonic acid analogue of phenylalanine and (O)Phe and (O)Ala represent (L)-13-phenyllactic and (10-lactic acid, respectively. Optically pure pL~ptidyl diazomethyl ketones 16 and 22 were synthesized for selection of the catalytic ensemble of cysteine proteases. An optic- ally pure dipeptidyl boronic acid 26 was synthesized for the selection of the catalytic ensemble of serine proteases. A strategy for the evolution of catalytic antibodies using these haptens was developed which includes mechanism-based selections. Since mechanism based selections result in covalent trapping of species from libraries, diol and disulfide containing haptenic linkers w~re developed for the oxidative or reductive release of selected catalysts. Copyright © 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd
“I Want to Help” versus “I Am Just Mad”: How Affective Commitment Influences Customer Feedback Decisions

This study investigates the joint effects of affective commitment, feedback valence, and feedback use on customers’ willingness to give feedback following a service failure. Our findings reveal that customers who have high levels of affective commitment to a service firm exhibit both a strong motivation to help a firm improve its business and a great need to maintain positive relationships with the firm’s frontline employees. Therefore, affectively committed customers are more willing to help the firm by lodging complaints when such feedback is not used for employee evaluation purposes. In addition, driven by their strong motivation to help the firm, affectively committed customers are more willing to offer constructive suggestions than their counterparts with low levels of emotional attachment.
Performance Optimization for 80 Gb/s NRZ-DPSK Transceiver with Pre-Emphasized Electrical Signal Driving Path

Employing a rigorous KLSE based quasi-analytical method for the BER calculation, we optimize an 80 Gb/s NRZ-DPSK transceiver by pre-emphasizing the high frequency portion of the gain shape of electrical signal driving path.
The Hsp90 Chaperone Complex Regulates GDI-dependent Rab Recycling

Rab GTPase regulated hubs provide a framework for an integrated coding system, the membrome network, that controls the dynamics of the specialized exocytic and endocytic membrane architectures foun...
Sexual dimorphism in Sebastes

Sexual dimorphism and factors that may cause it were investigated in 34 species of the genus Sebastes. Sexual dimorphism in standard length and morphometric characters are fairly common in rockfish. In many species males are shorter than females. However in males head length, width of orbit, interorbital width, length of upper jaw, longest pectoral fin ray and longest dorsal spine tend to be larger at a specified size than in females. Water-column species tend to be more dimorphic than demersal species. We suggest that the observed differences in dimorphism in standard length may be related to differences in mating and territorial behavior. Dimorphisms in morphometric measurements may be related to compensation in feeding ability for reduced standard length of males, mating and territorial behavior.
THE RÔLE OF BONE MARROW AND ENDOSTEUM IN BONE REGENERATION

1. Bone marrow and endosteum play a very active role in the formation of callus and new bone in dogs. 2. Free bone marrow and endosteal transplants will regenerate and bridge extraperiosteal fibular bone defects.
Failure of the Platelet Function Assay (PFA)-100 to detect antiplatelet agents.

Background Antiplatelet therapy is a complicating factor in patients with traumatic brain injuries (TBI), as well as those with hemorrhagic cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs). Platelet Function Assay (PFA)-100 is a coagulation device that can detect platelet dysfunction caused by aspirin and adenosine diphosphate inhibition. Our retrospective study reviewed the effectiveness of PFA-100 in detecting platelet dysfunction caused by aspirin and clopidogrel and determined its clinical importance. Methods All patients with PFA-100 tests from January 2013 to February 2014 were collected. Diagnoses indicative of a TBI or CVA were chosen for analysis. Patients with a normal PFA-100 indicating no platelet dysfunction but with documented aspirin and/or clopidogrel use were selected. An extensive chart review was performed to determine the relevance to their clinical care. Results A total of 475 patients were evaluated with a PFA-100 from January 2013 to February 2014. PFA-100 detected platelet dysfunction as the result of pre-injury use of antiplatelet agents in TBI and CVA patients with a sensitivity of only 48.6% and a specificity of 74.8%. Had these antiplatelet medications been known during initial workup, these patients would have had a change in management that may have impacted their outcomes. Conclusion Despite its common usage, the PFA-100 is an unreliable tool to assist in the management of TBI and CVA patients. Additional investigation into alternative methods for detecting platelet dysfunction is warranted.
Errors in fault analysis of power distribution systems using sequence components approach

It is a well-known fact that use of sequence component method for fault analysis of power distribution systems introduces errors. However, few studies are published that attempt to quantify such errors. This paper presents such quantification for IEEE 13-bus, 34-bus, and 123-bus distribution systems. All major types of faults are considered at each bus and results using the sequence component model are compared with results using the three-phase model. The spectrum of errors for each type of fault is presented through graphs.
Random walks on wreath products of groups

We bound the rate of convergence to uniformity for certain random walks on the complete monomial groups G \wr S_n for any group G. These results provide rates of convergence for random walks on a number of groups of interest: the hyperoctahedral group Z_2 \wr S_n, the generalized symmetric group Z_m \wr S_n, and S_m \wr S_n. These results provide benchmarks to which many other random walks, modeling a wide range of phenomena, may be compared using the comparison technique, thereby yielding bounds on the rates of convergence to uniformity for previously intractable random walks.
Applying Social Psychological Models to Predicting HIV-Related Sexual Risk Behaviors among African Americans.

Existing models of attitude-behavior relationships, including the Health Belief Model4 the Theory of ReasonedAction, and the Se4f-Efficacy Theory, are increasingly being used by psychologists to predict human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related riskbehaviors. The authorsbrieflyhighlightsome of the dfficulties that might anse in applying these models to predicting the risk behaviors of African Americans. These social psychological models tend to emphasize the importance of individualistic, direct control of behavioral choices and deemphasizefactors, such as racism and poverty, particularly relevant to that segment of the Afncan American population most at riskfor HIV infection. Applications of these models without taking into account the unique issues associated with behavioral choices within the African American community may fail to capture the relevant determinants of risk behaviors.
Human factors in the development and implementation of telerehabilitation systems.

SummaryTelemedicine services must be designed and implemented with the users in mind. When conducting telerehabilitation, factors such as age, education and technology experience must be taken into account. In addition, telerehabilitation must also accommodate a range of potential patient impairments, including deficits in language, cognition, motor function, vision and voice. Telerehabilitation technology and treatment environments should adhere to universal design standards so as to be accessible, efficient, usable and understandable to all. This will result in improved access to a wider range of telerehabilitation services that will facilitate and enhance the rehabilitative treatment and recovery of people living with varying levels of injury, impairment and disability.
Modified soybean oil as a reactive diluent: coating performance

A long oil alkyd was formulated with three soybean oil-based reactive diluents. Coatings properties were evaluated as a function of concentration of reactive diluent in the formulation. The tensile, thermomechanical, and general coating properties were evaluated. General coatings properties included crosshatch adhesion, pencil hardness, impact resistance, and solvent resistance. The siloxane and allyl ether-functionalized soybean oil enhanced the tensile modulus and crosslink density by 20% and 70%, respectively. Coatings with fluorine-functionalized soybean oil showed enhanced contact angle and solvent resistance, compared to alkyd coatings alone. The incorporation of reactive diluents in the formulation improved pencil hardness, while other general coating properties were not significantly affected.
General Spatial Price Equilibria: Sensitivity Analysis for Variational Inequality and Nonlinear Complementarity Formulations

General spatial price equilibrium models are formulated as variational inequalities and as nonlinear complementarity problems. Sensitivity analysis results recently developed for variational inequalities and nonlinear complementarity problems are reviewed which give conditions for existence and equations for calculating the derivatives of solution variables with respect to perturbation parameters. These results are applied to the formulations of general spatial price equilibria; derivatives of prices, supplies, demands, and flows with respect to perturbations of supply functions, demand functions, and transportation cost functions are calculated.
The Impact of Affect on Out-Group Judgments Depends on Dominant Information-Processing Styles Evidence From Incidental and Integral Affect Paradigms

Two studies tested the affect-as-cognitive-feedback model, in which positive and negative affective states are not uniquely associated with particular processing styles, but rather serve as feedback about currently accessible processing styles. The studies extend existing work by investigating (a) both incidental and integral affect, (b) out-group judgments, and (c) downstream consequences. We manipulated processing styles and either incidental (Study 1) or integral (Study 2) affect and measured perceptions of out-group homogeneity. Positive (relative to negative) affect increased out-group homogeneity judgments when global processing was primed, but under local priming, the effect reversed (Studies 1 and 2). A similar interactive effect emerged on attributions, which had downstream consequences for behavioral intentions (Study 2). These results demonstrate that both incidental and integral affect do not directly produce specific processing styles, but rather influence thinking by providing feedback about currently accessible processing styles.
Effect of Benzedrine Sulphate on Stomach Activity and Emptying Time.

Benzedrine sulphate is used clinically for the relief of pyloro-spasm and the facilitation of fluoroscopic and roentgenoscopic examination. Meyerson and Ritvo1 reported that the drug brought about satisfactory disappearance of spastic manifestations in 85% of their cases.On the other hand ephedrine sulphate, a closely related sympatho-mimetic compound, in doses of 65 mg. was reported by Van Liere, Lough, and Sleeth2 as prolonging the emptying time of the stomach from 72.8 to 118%.We were interested in determining the effect of benzedrine on initial and final emptying intervals and to what factors this action might be attributed.Two series of fluoroscopic studies were carried out on normal dogs. Dogs in series A were selected for long initial opening intervals and were fed an opaque meal of 4.1 gm. of barium sulphate and 12.1 gm. of milk per kilo. The dogs weighing from 8.5 to 10 kilos were given 20 mg. of benzedrine orally; those from 10 to 14 kilos were given 30 mg. Dogs in series B were fed a thicker me...
Computed Tomographic Scanning and New Perspectives in Aphasia

Classical theories of aphasia are based on detailed studies of very small numbers of patients whose brains came to postmortem examination. Following the introduction of computed tomography (CT), a wealth of clinical-radiographic observations became available and prompted a major reexamination of how language is represented in the brain. Although early CT studies attempted primarily to confirm classical theory (Mazzocchi & Vignolo, 1979; Kertesz, Harlock, & Coates, 1979; Naeser & Hayward, 1978; Damasio & Damasio, 1980), more recent studies have begun to revise concepts of language representation in the brain (Selnes, Knopman, Niccum, Rubens, & Larson, 1983; Seines, Niccum, Knopman, & Rubens, 1984; Seines, Knopman, Niccum, & Rubens, 1985; Knopman et al., 1983; Knopman, Seines, Niccum, & Rubens, 1984; Mohr et al., 1978; Basso, LeCours, Moraschini, & Vanier, 1985).
Late relapse associated with CEP 17 polysomic breast cancer

20011 Background: The clinicopathologic features associated with chromosome enumeration probe 17 (CEP 17) polysomy by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) are not well defined. CEP 17 polysomy...
Acute Upper Extremity Injuries in Pediatric and Adolescent Sports

Pediatric and adolescent sports have been gaining in popularity over the last several years. Along with an increase in participants, there has been an increase in frequency of injuries among these young athletes. The most common acute upper extremity injuries the clinician should be aware of include medial clavicular physeal separations, shoulder instability, ruptures of the ulnar collateral ligament of the elbow, and medial epicondyle fractures. The majority of injuries discussed in this chapter should be treated in a nonoperative manner; however, there are some indications for operative treatment. Proper diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation can expedite recovery and return to play in these young athletes.
The Phoenix Equation

The CS equations (C: congruent; S: Schroedinger operators) are strongly 2+1-D generalizations of the Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) eqs. of soliton theory. The CS eqs. are integrable nonlinear evolution equations which share an infinite number of independent time invariants. These invariants and other entities of central importance derive from an operator K satisfying a commutivity condition. An explicit expression for K is given. A proof of invariance consists of identifying the gradients of the candidate “invariants” and then proving that each gradient is both weakly and strongly orthogonal to each evolution equation’s density. These orthogonality conditions are established herein using a new fundamental approach. In particular, strong orthogonality is obtained as a consequence of the “Phoenix equation”.
Mechanisms of pesticide interactions in vertebrates

In 1957, Frawley et al. reported that combinations of two organo-phosphorus insecticides, malathion1 and EPN, were markedly synergistic in their toxicity to rats and dogs. These observations led to the requirement by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration that the toxicity of all new anticholinesterase insecticides proposed for use on food crops should be tested in combination with other insecticides of the same class for which food residue tolerances were established. Previous to that time, it had been customary to conduct toxicity tests and safety evaluation studies on single pesticidal chemicals independendy.
The Combined Influence of Psychological Factors on Biomarkers of Renal Functioning in African Americans

Objective : African Americans are disproportionately affected by chronic kidney disease (CKD). Recent research has documented that psychological factors have a significant influence on the progression and treatment of CKD. However, extant evidence exists that has examined the link between psychological factors and renal function in African Americans. The purpose of the study was to determine if psychological factors were associated with several biomarkers of renal functioning in this group. Participants : 129 African American participants, with a mean age of 44.4 years (SD=12.25). Design and Setting : Data were analyzed from a cross-sectional study entitled Stress and Psychoneuroimmunological Factors in Renal Health and Disease. Main Predictor Measures : Participants completed the Beck Depression Inventory-II, Cook Medley Scale, and Perceived Stress Scale-10. Main Outcome Measures : Systolic blood pressure, as well as blood and urine samples, were collected and served as biomarkers of renal functioning. Results : Our findings indicated that psychological factors were not associated with renal functioning. Age, sex, and systolic blood pressure emerged as significant predictors of renal functioning. Conclusions : Depressive symptomatology, perceived stress, and hostility did not influence renal functioning in this sample. This unexpected finding may be attributed to the fact that this sample population was not elevated on depressive symptoms, perceived stress, or hostility. Elevated levels of these psychological factors, as well as other psychological factors associated with the CKD, may be more influential on renal functioning in African Americans. ( Ethn Dis . 2015;25[2]:117–122)
Muscle wasting in chronic kidney disease: Mechanisms and therapeutic strategies

M wasting is triggered by complications of chronic kidney disease (CKD) including metabolic acidosis, insulin resistance, glucocorticoids, angiotensin II and inflammation (e.g., IL-6). These conditions activate caspase-3 and the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) to stimulate the degradation of protein; protein synthesis may also be reduced. Unfortunately, there are no approved, regularly effective treatments for the muscle wasting that occurs frequently in patients with CKD. We have found that CKD-stimulate myostatin expression in muscle. Myostatin is a negative regulator for muscle growth. Inhibition myostatin using humanized peptibody, we found the increased body and muscle weight in mice even with CKD. Inhibition of myostatin improved IGF1/insulin signaling pathway in muscle, increases satellite cell activation. It also inhibited CDK-stimulated proinflammatory cytokine production including IL-6. In CKD patients, morbidity and mortality correlate with circulating IL-6 levels. In rodent, IL-6 injection causes wasting and IL-6 inhibition partially ameliorates it. Since IL-6 activates Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), we examined this molecule in muscle of CKD mice. In skeletal muscle of mice with CKD, we find increased p-STAT3 and expression of its target genes, including SOCS3 and C/EBPδ. C/EBPδ then stimulates expression of myostatin. Experimentally, we find that constitutively activated STAT3 is sufficient to cause myofiber protein wasting and when we inhibited STAT3 with a small molecule STAT3 inhibitor, there was suppression of IL-6-induced myotubes wasting as well as CKD-induced muscle atrophy in mice. Taken together, our results strongly implicate STAT3 as a causative trigger of CKDinduced muscle wasting. The STAT3 inhibitor is useful not only for uncovering cell signaling that causes muscle proteolysis but also could become a therapeutic strategy to reverse the muscle atrophy induced by CKD and potentially other conditions.
“Nothing to Do with All Your Strength”: Power, Choice, and September 11 in The Dark Knight

References to September 11 infuse the plot and images of producer and director Christopher Nolan’s 2008 film The Dark Knight. In this film, a city and its public servants are virtually taken hostage by a sociopathic villain interested in escalating violence against law enforcers and civilians alike while engineering these crises in a way that permits only morally problematic responses. Accordingly, this film stages that day’s events and with what possible effects for viewers who, just seven years later, would most likely be witnesses if not survivors of the hijackings. In effect, this film dramatizes September 11-generated, culturally traumatic impasses about balancing public safety and justice.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Functional GI Disorders in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is characterized by abdominal pain and altered bowel habits in the absence of an identifiable structural abnormality. Abdominal bloating, loose stools, urgency associated with bowel movements, and feelings of incomplete evacuation are common symptoms. Since there are no diagnostic laboratory tests to confirm the diagnosis, IBS is usually a clinical diagnosis, and symptom-based diagnostic criteria have been proposed. Unlike adults, there are few published studies in pediatric age group, especially in young children, validating these criteria. It is generally thought that IBS symptoms result from the convergence of multiple factors including a genetic predisposition, an infectious or inflammatory injury to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract leading to altered sensory perception by the brain, and an underlying bowel dysmotility. Children with inflammatory bowel disease are prone to developing visceral hypersensitivity due to chronic GI tract inflammation. Abdominal pain and loose stools in the absence of detectable and clinically significant gut mucosal inflammation should prompt one to consider this diagnosis in patients with IBD. Judicious use of endoscopic examination in addition to laboratory test to screen for bowel mucosal inflammation can be helpful in differentiating symptoms due to relapse of IBD for visceral hypersensitivity and IBS. Symptom relief is the primary goal of management in IBS; targeting the most distressing symptom is recommended. Current treatment includes diet modification, antibiotics for small bowel bacterial overgrowth and probiotics, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) to empower the patient to cope with chronic illness and learn to control their symptoms, and drugs for neuropathic pain.
Acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis masquerading as a tumor

A 34-year-old female presented with a history of acute onset severe bilateral defective vision for 2 weeks. Examination revealed visual acuity CFat1 m in the right eye and 6/60 in the left eye. Right eye had Grade 1 relative afferent pupillary defect. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain was done which showed well-defined T1-hypointense, T2 and FLAIR hyperintense lesion of approximately 1.8 cm × 1.6 cm × 1.7 cm size in the right frontal lobe cortex and underlying white matter with a thin rim of contrast enhancement with well-defined outer border and a cortex broken arc appearance. MR spectroscopy showed increase in choline peak within the enhancing walls of the lesion and no decrease in N-acetyl aspartate peak suggestive of demyelination. Diagnosis of acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis was made and with a course of large dose steroid vision improved dramatically.
Type 2 cytokine responses: regulating immunity to helminth parasites and allergic inflammation.

It is well established that T helper type 2 (TH2) immune responses are necessary not only to provide protection against helminth parasites but also to promote the detrimental inflammation associated with allergies and asthma. Given the importance of type 2 immunity and inflammation, many studies have focused on better understanding the factors that regulate TH2 cell development and activation. As a result, significant progress has been made in understanding the signaling pathways and molecular events necessary to promote TH2 cell polarization. In addition to the adaptive compartment, emerging studies are better defining the innate immune pathways needed to promote TH2 cell responses. Given the recent and substantial growth of this field, the purpose of this review is to highlight recent studies defining the innate immune events that promote immunity to helminth parasites and allergic inflammation. Emerging studies have begun to elucidate the importance of cytokine alarmins such as thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), IL-25 (IL-17E), and IL-33 in promoting type 2 immunity and inflammation following helminth challenge or exposure to allergens. Specifically, recent reports have begun to define the complex cellular networks these alarmins activate and their contribution to type 2 immunity and inflammation. Our increased understanding of the pathways that regulate type 2 cytokine-mediated immunity and inflammation have revealed novel therapeutic targets to treat both helminth infections and allergic disease states.
Applications of group testing to security decision-making in networks

This paper presents a group testing approach toward a security decision-making problem. We consider a game model for a network of firms where each firm decides to invest some amount, viewed as its action, on its security. The utility functions are then defined in such a way to capture the interdependent structure of the network. We propose and analyze two algorithms for the firms to update their investments based on incomplete information they receive at any given stage of the game. This so-called incomplete information, which is provided by an independent entity, is the outcome of a (security) test performed on a selected group of firms rather than a single firm due to privacy concerns. Our arguments finally lead to a number of fundamental group testing problems which are inherently different from the classical group testing problem and its alternative versions.
The Existence and Effective Use of the League of Nations

Geneva helped to end a potentially dangerous international crisis and made it possible to preserve the peace of Europe in late 1934. The League Council’s resolution adopted during a special midnight session in December made specific and far-reaching proposals for settling the Yugoslav-Hungarian dispute. It was greeted with genuine relief and widespread praise. With firm leadership from France and Britain, the organization proved that it still had some peacekeeping authority. Resolving the dispute between Yugoslavia and Hungary also demonstrated the value of Article 11, perhaps the most effective security provision of the Covenant. As a result, the consequences of the terrorist attack at Marseilles were very different from those of the attack at Sarajevo twenty years before, when no such organization had existed.
Architecture of CD1 Proteins

The CD1 family of glycosylated cell surface receptors binds and presents lipid antigens for T cell recognition and activation. Crystal structures of CD1-lipid complexes reveal differences in the mode of presentation of lipids by CD1 group 1 (CDla, CDlb, and CDlc) and group 2 isoforms (CDld). For group 1, especially CDla and CD1b, the lipid backbone is anchored inside the hydrophobic binding grooves (lipid anchoring), whereas, for group 2 CDld, a precise hydrogen-bonding network positions the polar ligand headgroups in well-defined orientation at the T cell recognition surface (headgroup positioning). In addition, small, but important, structural changes occur on the surface of CDld upon binding of the potent invariant NKT cell agonist alpha-galactosylceramide due to increased polar interaction with the alphal and alpha2 helices. No such ligand-induced, conformational changes have yet been reported for any group 1 CD1 complexes, even upon binding of chemically diverse antigens, such as dual alkyl chain sphingolipids vs single alkyl chain lipopeptides. These structural data have already been successfully translated into the design of enhanced lipid activators of NKT cells and will likely continue for design of other chemotherapeutic agents or immunostimulatory compounds for a variety of immune-mediated diseases.
Measurement of the Neutron Total Cross Section of U233 from 0.07 to 10,000 ev

The neutron total cross section of U233 was measured from 0.07 to 10,000 ev, using the ORNL fast chopper time-of-flight neutron spectrometer. Below 30 ev the neutron energy resolution varied from 0...
Yes-associated protein (YAP) mediates adaptive cardiac hypertrophy in response to pressure overload.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death globally, and heart failure is a major component of CVD-related morbidity and mortality. The development of cardiac hypertrophy in response to hemodynamic overload is initially considered to be beneficial; however, this adaptive response is limited and, in the presence of prolonged stress, will transition to heart failure. Yes-associated protein (YAP), the central downstream effector of the Hippo signaling pathway, regulates proliferation and survival in mammalian cells. Our previous work demonstrated that cardiac-specific loss of YAP leads to increased cardiomyocyte (CM) apoptosis and impaired CM hypertrophy during chronic myocardial infarction (MI) in the mouse heart. Because of its documented cardioprotective effects, we sought to determine the importance of YAP in response to acute pressure overload (PO). Our results indicate that endogenous YAP is activated in the heart during acute PO. YAP activation that depended upon RhoA was also observed in CMs subjected to cyclic stretch. To examine the function of endogenous YAP during acute PO, Yap+/flox;Creα-MHC (YAP-CHKO) and Yap+/flox mice were subjected to transverse aortic constriction (TAC). We found that YAP-CHKO mice had attenuated cardiac hypertrophy and significant increases in CM apoptosis and fibrosis that correlated with worsened cardiac function after 1 week of TAC. Loss of CM YAP also impaired activation of the cardioprotective kinase Akt, which may underlie the YAP-CHKO phenotype. Together, these data indicate a prohypertrophic, prosurvival function of endogenous YAP and suggest a critical role for CM YAP in the adaptive response to acute PO.
A Survey on Spatial Prediction Methods

With the advancement of GPS and remote sensing technologies, large amounts of geospatial data are being collected from various domains, driving the need for effective and efficient prediction methods. Given spatial data samples with explanatory features and targeted responses (categorical or continuous) at a set of locations, the spatial prediction problem aims to learn a model that can predict the response variable based on explanatory features. The problem is important with broad applications in earth science, urban informatics, geosocial media analytics, and public health, but is challenging due to the unique characteristics of spatial data, including spatial autocorrelation, heterogeneity, limited ground truth, and multiple scales and resolutions. This paper provides a systematic review on principles and methods in spatial prediction. We provide a taxonomy of methods categorized by the key challenge they address. For each method, we introduce its underlying assumption, theoretical foundation, and discuss its advantages and disadvantages. We also discuss spatiotemporal extensions of methods. Our goal is to help interdisciplinary domain scientists choose techniques to solve their problems, and more importantly, to help data mining researchers to understand the main principles and methods in spatial prediction and identify future research opportunities.
Mood outcomes of a behavioral treatment for urinary incontinence in prostate cancer survivors.

This study aimed to assess whether prostate cancer survivors who received a behavioral intervention to urinary incontinence had experienced a significant mood improvement. One hundred fifty-three prostate cancer survivors with persistent incontinence were included in this secondary data analysis. They were randomly assigned to usual care or interventions that provided pelvic floor muscle exercises and self-management skills. All subjects had measures of anxiety, depression, and anger at baseline, 3 months (post-intervention), and 6 months (follow-up). Negative binomial regression analysis was performed to examine the group status, daily leakage frequency at 3 months, and their interactions at 3 months as predictors for mood outcomes at 6 months, controlling for demographic and medical variables. The main effect of daily leakage frequency at 3 months significantly predicted anxiety at 6 months (p < .01). The group main effect on any mood outcomes at 6 months was not statistically significant. The interaction between the group and 3-month leakage had a significant effect on anxiety; intervention subjects achieving a significant leakage reduction at 3 months exhibited significantly less anxiety at 6 months than other subjects (p = .04). Age, employment status, and receiving surgery at baseline were significantly associated with less anxiety, depression, and anger at 6 months. Reduced urinary incontinence significantly predicted less anxiety, especially among the intervention subjects. The findings suggest a significant association between a behavioral therapy of urinary incontinence and anxiety reduction in prostate cancer survivors.
Lentiviral CRISPR Epigenome Editing of Inflammatory Receptors as a Gene Therapy Strategy for Disc Degeneration.

Degenerative disc disease (DDD) is a primary contributor to low-back pain, a leading cause of disability. Progression of DDD is aided by inflammatory cytokines in the intervertebral disc (IVD), particularly TNF-α and IL-1β, but current treatments fail to effectively target this mechanism. The objective of this study was to explore the feasibility of Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) epigenome editing-based therapy for DDD, by modulation of TNFR1/IL1R1 signaling in pathological human IVD cells. Human IVD cells from the nucleus pulposus of patients receiving surgery for back pain were obtained and the regulation of TNFR1/IL1R1 signaling by a lentiviral CRISPR epigenome editing system was tested. These cells were tested for successful lentiviral transduction/expression of deactivated Cas9 fused to Kruppel Associated Box system and regulation of TNFR1/IL1R1 expression. TNFR1/IL1R1 signaling disruption was investigated through measurement of NF-κB activity, apoptosis, and anabolic/catabolic changes in gene expression postinflammatory challenge. CRISPR epigenome editing systems were effectively introduced into pathological human IVD cells and significantly downregulated TNFR1 and IL1R1. This downregulation significantly attenuated deleterious TNFR1 signaling but not IL1R1 signaling. This is attributed to less robust IL1R1 expression downregulation, and IL-1β-driven reversal of IL1R1 expression downregulation in a portion of patient IVD cells. In addition, RNAseq data indicated novel transcription factor targets, IRF1 and TFAP2C, as being primary regulators of inflammatory signaling in IVD cells. These results demonstrate the feasibility of CRISPR epigenome editing of inflammatory receptors in pathological IVD cells, but highlight a limitation in epigenome targeting of IL1R1. This method has potential application as a novel gene therapy for DDD, to attenuate the deleterious effect of inflammatory cytokines present in the degenerative IVD.
Health Is Political: Advocacy and Mobilization for Latinx Health

Health is political. In this chapter, the role of politics in Latinx health is outlined, and frameworks are suggested to promote Latinx health. This chapter includes an exploration of the political nature of health followed by an overview of what are referred to as health disparities and health inequities. The social determinants of health framework and proven strategies to improve Latinx health are briefly outlined. Systemic changes for Latino health promotion are suggested, including an example of contemporary actions taken to address health inequities present in Puerto Rico. This chapter is written with the desire to effect change to improve Latinx health and well-being.
Characterization of Key Odorants in Meehan’s Mint, Meehania cordata

Thirty-five odorants from Meehan's mint, Meehania cordata, were identified using solvent-assisted flavor evaporation (SAFE) and aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA). Twelve compounds with flavor dilution factors ≥16 were quantitated using stable isotope dilution assays (SIDA). Odor activity values (OAVs) and sensory experiments revealed (-)-(E)-pinocarvyl acetate as a key impact odorant contributing to the plant's unique woody and minty odor. Odor simulation experiments revealed a mixture of 10 compounds, including (2E,6Z)-nona-2,6-dienal (OAV 48000), β-ionone (OAV 33000), (E)-pinocarvyl acetate (OAV 8600), 1-octen-3-one (OAV 2800), and linalool (OAV 990), successfully mimicked the plant odor when combined in their natural concentrations. Three stereoisomers of pinocarvyl acetate were identified including (-)-(E)-, (+)-(E)-, and (-)-(Z)-isomers. The (E) to (Z)-ratio was determined as 95.5% (E) and 0.5% (Z). The enantiomeric ratio of (-)-(E)- to (+)-(E)- was determined as 96% (-)-(E)- and 4% (+)-(E)-pinocarvyl acetate. This study established the basis for future investigations aimed at determining the odorant variability of individual genotypes from natural populations of M. cordata and other members of the Meehenia genus.
Intratumoral administration of DNA-damaging chemotherapy-treated tumor cells to enhance therapeutic benefit of systemic immune checkpoint blockade in mouse cancer models.

77Background: Immune checkpoint inhibition or ICI (antibodies to PD-1 and CTLA4), has shown promise in the treatment of some tumor types, especially in inducing durable remissions in advanced stage...
Practice what you preach and be a control freak

Social science researchers focus on treatment conditions and participant behaviour when designing causal impact studies and ignore in-depth examination of control conditions, assuming dichotomy eve...
Demonstrating a Pre-Exascale, Cost-Effective Multi-Cloud Environment for Scientific Computing: Producing a fp32 ExaFLOP hour worth of IceCube simulation data in a single workday

Scientific computing needs are growing dramatically with time and are expanding in science domains that were previously not compute intensive. When compute workflows spike well in excess of the capacity of their local compute resource, capacity should be temporarily provisioned from somewhere else to both meet deadlines and to increase scientific output. Public Clouds have become an attractive option due to their ability to be provisioned with minimal advance notice. The available capacity of cost-effective instances is not well understood. This paper presents expanding the IceCube's production HTCondor pool using cost-effective GPU instances in preemptible mode gathered from the three major Cloud providers, namely Amazon Web Services, Microsoft Azure and the Google Cloud Platform. Using this setup, we sustained for a whole workday about 15k GPUs, corresponding to around 170 PFLOP32s, integrating over one EFLOP32 hour worth of science output for a price tag of about $60k. In this paper, we provide the reasoning behind Cloud instance selection, a description of the setup and an analysis of the provisioned resources, as well as a short description of the actual science output of the exercise.
Investigating the Impact of Coherent and Incoherent Scattering Terms in GNSS-R Delay Doppler Maps

Forward scattering properties of Earth-reflected Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) signals are evaluated over land surfaces. The CYclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS) End-to-End Simulator (E2ES) is updated. A GNSS-Reflectometry (GNSS-R) model capable of evaluating both the incoherent and the coherent scattering terms is developed based on the Huygens-Kirchhoff principle. The coherent term is studied for incidence angles θ i ~ [0, 80]° over a wide range of surface height standard deviation σ = [1, 4] cm and Vegetation Optical Depth VOD = [0, 1.5]. This model is validated over a lake with space-borne data as generated using the CYGNSS raw IF processor. Results demonstrate the impact of higher order Fresnel zones on the spatial resolution of GNSS-R over heterogenous areas, showing “ringing” fluctuations in the reflected power near high contrast boundaries. We expect to contribute to the accurate interpretation of datasets over inland water bodies.
Minimizing Liability and Malpractice in Laryngology and Voice Surgery

Litigation prevention is an essential component of practicing modern medicine. Every aspect of one’s patient interaction – registration, preoperative consultation, actions within the operative suite, and even moments in-between – requires professional interaction and competent recommendations to facilitate a healthy patient–provider relationship. When miscommunication happens, a medical error is made, or even when a result that does not meet the patient’s expectations in the absence of an error, legal consequences may result. This chapter reviews laryngology-related litigious data and offers recommendations on avoiding the courtroom in a laryngology-specific medical practice.
Clinical profiles and outcomes of deep brain stimulation in G2019S LRRK2 Parkinson disease.

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate clinical features and response to deep brain stimulation (DBS) in G2019S LRRK2-Parkinson disease (LRRK2-PD) and idiopathic PD (IPD). METHODS The authors conducted a clinic-based cohort study of PD patients recruited from the Mount Sinai Beth Israel Genetics database of PD studies. The cohort included 87 participants with LRRK2-PD (13 who underwent DBS) and 14 DBS participants with IPD enrolled between 2009 and 2017. The baseline clinical features, including motor ratings and levodopa-equivalent daily dose (LEDD), were compared among LRRK2-PD patients with and without DBS, between LRRK2-PD with DBS and IPD with DBS, and between LRRK2-PD with subthalamic nucleus (STN) and internal segment of the globus pallidus (GPi) DBS. Longitudinal motor scores (Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale-part III) and medication usage were also assessed pre- and postoperatively. RESULTS Compared to LRRK2-PD without DBS (n = 74), the LRRK2-PD with DBS cohort (n = 13) had a significantly younger age of onset, longer disease duration, were more likely to have dyskinesia, and were less likely to experience hand tremor at disease onset. LRRK2-PD participants were also more likely to be referred for surgery because of severe dyskinesia (11/13 [85%] vs 6/14 [43%], p = 0.04) and were less likely to be referred for medically refractory tremor (0/13 [0%] vs 6/14 [43%], p = 0.02) than were IPD patients. Among LRRK2-PD patients, both STN-DBS and GPi-DBS targets were effective, although the sample size was small for both groups. There were no revisions or adverse effects reported in the GPi-DBS group, while 2 of the LRRK2-PD participants who underwent STN-DBS required revisions and a third reported depression as a stimulation-related side effect. Medication reduction favored the STN group. CONCLUSIONS The LRRK2-PD cohort referred for DBS had a slightly different profile, including earlier age of onset and dyskinesia. Both the STN and GPi DBS targets were effective in symptom suppression. Patients with G2019S LRRK2 PD were well-suited for DBS therapy and had favorable motor outcomes regardless of the DBS target. LRRK2-DBS patients had longer disease durations and tended to have more dyskinesia. Dyskinesia commonly served as the trigger for DBS surgical candidacy. Medication-refractory tremor was not a common indication for surgery in the LRRK2 cohort.
Protective effect of lingonberry and blueberry extracts on rat brain cells exposed to oxidative stress

Berry fruits are known for their high antioxidant potential pertaining to their high phenolic content. Antioxidant capacities and phenolic content of blueberry and lingonberry fruits and leaves were studied. Concentrations of total flavonoids, tannins, proanthocyanidin as well as reduced and oxidized levels of ascorbate and glutathione were also determined in these extracts. This study also determined the potential neuroprotective effect of extracts from fruits and leaves against glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity, which is believed to contribute to disorders such as stroke and neurodegenerative diseases. Brain-derived cell cultures from rats were prepared and grown for about 2 weeks. Cell cultures were treated with glutamate (0.1 mM) for 24 h, and the effect of extracts was determined on cells subjected to this excitotoxicity. Blueberry fruits and leaves from both the extracts showed a significant neuroprotective effect. In this study we have shown how phenolic compounds as well as reduced and oxidized levels of ascorbate and glutathione correlate with neuroprotective effect.
Communication: Local structure-mobility relationships of confined fluids reverse upon supercooling

We examine the structural and dynamic properties of confined binary hard-sphere mixtures designed to mimic realizable colloidal thin films. Using computer simulations, governed by either Newtonian or overdamped Langevin dynamics, together with other techniques including a Fokker-Planck equation-based method, we measure the position-dependent and average diffusivities of particles along structurally isotropic and inhomogeneous dimensions of the fluids. At moderate packing fractions, local single-particle diffusivities normal to the direction of confinement are higher in regions of high total packing fraction; however, these trends are reversed as the film is supercooled at denser average packings. Auxiliary short-time measurements of particle displacements mirror data obtained for experimental supercooled colloidal systems. We find that average dynamics can be approximately predicted based on the distribution of available space for particle insertion across orders of magnitude in diffusivity regardless of the governing microscopic dynamics.
A Chain of Inferences Proving Discrimination

There are three elements in a plaintiff's prima facie case of individual disparate treatment discrimination. (1) Plaintiff suffered an adverse employment action, (2) that action was linked to the defendant, and (3) the defendant's action was motivated by a protected characteristic of the plaintiff. The third element - defendant's intent to discriminate - is the most challenging and is the focus of most individual disparate treatment discrimination cases. Part of the difficulty is that the second question - the level of linkage of plaintiff's harm to defendant's action - has been tied up in the discussion of the intent issue. After the Supreme Court decisions in Reeves and Desert Palace, however, it is possible to clarify both the question of the level of linkage and the array of different kinds of claims that can be used to prove discriminatory intent. It is becoming clear that either the but-for or "determinative influence" standard based on the "because of" language of §703(a) of Title VII or the "a motivating factor" standard found in §703(m) can be used to analyze any claim that the defendant acted with discriminatory intent. Direct, direct-lite, or circumstantial evidence (or any combination of the three) can be used to prove individual disparate treatment discrimination. The variety of claims of what can be used to prove discriminatory motivation or intent include straightforward claims of unequal treatment, defendant's admissions that it discriminated, actions based on stereotypes, and the McDonnell Douglas approach whether it is characterized as proof that defendant lied in its assertion of a legitimate, nondiscriminatory reason for its action, as proof that completely knocks out defendant's explanation, or as proof by a process of elimination of the likely nondiscriminatory reasons. This is not a complete list of such claims as different evidence and therefore different claims of what can be the basis for drawing the inference of discrimination will no doubt will appear as litigation continues to develop.