cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
RTSS/CTSS: mitigation of exposed terminals in static 802.11-based mesh networks

Efficient usage of available capacity in wireless mesh networks is critical. Capacity is wasted due to the exposed terminal problem. In this paper, we propose a solution to mitigate the exposed terminal problem in static IEEE 802.11-based mesh networks, thereby improving the spatial reuse of the medium and increasing network throughput. Our solution is complementary to previously-proposed solutions that adjust the carrier-sense range for improved spatial reuse. The proposed solution consists of two phases. In the first phase, exposed links in the mesh topology are detected through an offline training process. Coordination of simultaneous transmissions over exposed links is then done in the second phase through the use of request-to-send- simultaneously (RTSS) and clear-to-send-simultaneously (CTSS) messages, which are added to the MAC protocol. Our solution preserves the distributed nature of the MAC protocol and does not require time synchronization between nodes. We present a simulation-based evaluation that demonstrates that the proposed solution effectively improves capacity usage and network throughput in representative topologies and traffic scenarios.
A negative binomial model for time series of counts

We study generalized linear models for time series of counts, where serial dependence is introduced through a dependent latent process in the link function. Conditional on the covariates and the latent process, the observation is modelled by a negative binomial distribution. To estimate the regression coefficients, we maximize the pseudolikelihood that is based on a generalized linear model with the latent process suppressed. We show the consistency and asymptotic normality of the generalized linear model estimator when the latent process is a stationary strongly mixing process. We extend the asymptotic results to generalized linear models for time series, where the observation variable, conditional on covariates and a latent process, is assumed to have a distribution from a one-parameter exponential family. Thus, we unify in a common framework the results for Poisson log-linear regression models of Davis et al. (2000), negative binomial logit regression models and other similarly specified generalized linear models. Language: en
Of phospholamban, mice, and humans with heart failure.

Despite recent advances in the medical treatment of chronic heart failure,1 this clinical syndrome remains progressive. For example, in recently completed clinical trials demonstrating a reduction in mortality by medical therapy with β-blockade2 3 or spironolactone,4 the survival curves of the active treatment groups retained a downward slope, such that at 20 to 24 months after randomization, only 80% to 85% of subjects with mild to moderate2 3 and 70% of subjects with advanced4 heart failure remained alive. The progressive nature of heart failure is due to the inexorable worsening of the underlying disease processes, myocardial dysfunction, and remodeling.5 6 What are the critical factors responsible for progressive contractile dysfunction and remodeling of the failing heart? Data from clinical studies implicate both the adrenergic and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone systems, because treatment with β-blocking agents and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors attenuate the dysfunction/remodeling processes.6 Other signaling pathways are also involved, as shown by studies in animal models7 and the failure of inhibiting both the adrenergic and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone systems to completely prevent progression in dysfunction, remodeling, and mortality. Despite the widespread acceptance of this general paradigm, important details remain to be elucidated. For example, the precise nature of the relationship between remodeling and contractile dysfunction is a source of controversy. Some models of chamber …
Rate-Adaptive Coding for Optical Fiber Transmission Systems

We propose a rate-adaptive transmission scheme using variable-rate forward error correction (FEC) codes with a fixed signal constellation and a fixed symbol rate, quantifying how achievable bit rates vary with distance in a long-haul fiber system. The FEC scheme uses serially concatenated Reed-Solomon (RS) codes with hard-decision decoding, using shortening and puncturing to vary the code rate. An inner repetition code with soft combining provides further rate variation. While suboptimal, repetition coding allows operation at very low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) with minimal increase in complexity. A rate adaptation algorithm uses the SNR or the FEC decoder input bit-error ratio (BER) estimated by a receiver to determine the combination of RS-RS and repetition codes that maximizes the information bit rate while satisfying a target FEC decoder output BER and providing a specified SNR margin. This FEC scheme is combined here with single-carrier polarization-multiplexed quadrature phase-shift keying (PM-QPSK) and digital coherent detection, achieving 100-Gbit/s peak information bit rate in a nominal 50-GHz channel bandwidth. We simulate variable-rate single-channel transmission through a long-haul system incorporating numerous optical switches, evaluating the impact of fiber nonlinearity and bandwidth narrowing. With zero SNR margin, achievable information bit rates vary from 100 Gbit/s at 2000 km, to about 60 Gbit/s at 3000 km, to about 35 Gbit/s at 4000 km. Compared to an ideal coding scheme achieving information-theoretic limits on an AWGN channel, the proposed coding scheme exhibits a performance gap ranging from about 5.9 dB at 2000 km to about 7.5 dB at 5000 km. Much of the increase in the gap arises from the inefficiency of the repetition coding used beyond 3280 km. Rate-adaptive transmission can extend reach when regeneration sites are not available, helping networks adapt to changing traffic demands. It is likely to become more important with the continued evolution toward optically switched mesh networks, which make signal quality more variable.
Extensive peritoneal carcinomatosis secondary to renal cell carcinoma with sarcomatoid and rhabdoid differentiation

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC), the most common malignancy of kidney, originates from renal tubular epithelium. It is subclassified based on histological and molecular features. Rarely, RCC can show focal to extensive sarcomatoid or rhabdoid differentiation. RCC with extensive sarcomatoid differentiation and no identifiable epithelial component is designated as unclassified RCC with sarcomatoid differentiation. Presence of sarcomatoid or rhabdoid differentiation is associated with poor prognosis. We describe autopsy findings in a case of RCC with extensive sarcomatoid and focal rhabdoid differentiation presenting with malignant ascites secondary to peritoneal carcinomatosis and multiorgan metastasis.
Non-photorealistic virtual environments

We describe a system for non-photorealistic rendering (NPR) of virtual environments. In real time, it synthesizes imagery of architectural interiors using stroke-based textures. We address the four main challenges of such a system — interactivity, visual detail, controlled stroke size, and frame-to-frame coherence — through image based rendering (IBR) methods. In a preprocessing stage, we capture photos of a real or synthetic environment, map the photos to a coarse model of the environment, and run a series of NPR filters to generate textures. At runtime, the system re-renders the NPR textures over the geometry of the coarse model, and it adds dark lines that emphasize creases and silhouettes. We provide a method for constructing non-photorealistic textures from photographs that largely avoids seams in the resulting imagery. We also offer a new construction, art-maps, to control stroke size across the images. Finally, we show a working system that provides an immersive experience rendered in a variety of NPR styles.
Calcium channel blockers and prostate cancer

The relationship between calcium channel blockers and prostate cancer has been an area of increased interest to investigators. Calcium channel blockers have been shown to influence cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Clinically, the association between calcium channel blockers and the development of prostate cancer has been controversial. However, on a basic science level, there is evidence that calcium channel blockers induce cytotoxicity in androgen receptor positive cell lines and may offer an innovative strategy for the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer.
Robust Computed Torque Schemes for Mechanical Manipulators: Nonadaptive Versus Adaptive

We consider the tracking control problem of mechanical manipulators in the presence of uncertainty. Two classes of control algorithms are proposed. If the possible bound of the uncertainty is known, a class of nonadaptive robust computed torque control schemes is used. The control guarantees the tracking error to be confined within a specified region after a finite time. If the bound of uncertainty is unknown, a class of adaptive robust computed torque control schemes is used. The control guarantees the tracking error to converge to zero. Both classes of controls are continuous. No statistical information on the uncertainty is ever assumed.
Embryogenesis of Transposition of the Great Arteries A Lesson From the Heart

Defective development of the cardiac outflow tract results in congenital cardiac anomalies that are known clinically as conotruncal defects. Development of the outflow tract is complicated, and the large number of conotruncal malformations that are seen in children reflects this complexity. Historically, knowledge of the embryogenesis of any heart defects has been difficult to attain because of the lack of models in which the pathogenesis of the defect could be studied prospectively. It is not difficult to induce cardiac malformations experimentally in animals but such malformations are not consistently of the same type, even using the same experimental paradigm. It is difficult to study a particular outflow malformation in a model with only 20% or even 50% incidence of the malformation. There is another problem with outflow development that further confounds our understanding: many but not all of the outflow malformations are related to each other in that they represent more or less severe manifestations of the same developmental pathology.1 The retinoic acid model was one of the earliest teratogenic models of heart defects in the 1940s and 50s.2 A strain of keeshound dog developed by Patterson became the first genetic model to be studied extensively.3 Both of these models provided information about the morphology of some defects at various stages of development, but these models said little about the pathogenesis of the defects because of the problems mentioned above, ie, variability and low penetrance of any particular phenotype. The first and (possibly) most informative model of heart defects was the neural crest ablation model in chick embryos.4 This model produced an incidence of 90% persistent truncus arteriosus and has become the “gold standard” for this type of defect. Although this model led to a number of misunderstandings about the defects that can be directly attributed …
Simple adaptive cognition for PSO

A simple, effective, computationally cheap, and easily tuned method is presented for improving PSO performance by automatically adapting acceleration coefficients. While this approach can be shown to be effective on its own as a source of swarm diversity on difficult functions, it is also capable of enhancing other adaptive strategies commonly employed with PSO. Significantly, and unlike many other PSO enhancements designed to improve swarm diversity, this approach does not typically harm the performance of the underlying method, allowing it to work well on easy and difficult functions alike.
Promise and Perils of Guidelines in Quality Cancer Care

In an era of guideline propagation, this case helps raise the question, Does quality cancer care now require that we always follow guidelines exactly, or do some circumstances still require a more individualized approach?
Alignment of suprathermally rotating grains

ABSTRACT It is shown, that mechanical alignment can be eﬃcient for suprathermally rotat-ing grains, provided that they drift with supersonic velocities. Such a drift shouldbe widely spread due to both Alfv´enic waves and ambipolar diﬀusion. Moreover, ifsuprathermal rotation is caused by grain interaction with a radiative ﬂux, it is shown,that mechanical alignment may be present even in the absence of supersonic drift.This means that the range of applicability of mechanical alignment is wider that itis generally accepted and it can rival the paramagnetic one. We also study the lattermechanism and reexamine the interplay between poisoning of active sites and des-orption of molecules blocking the access to the active sites of H 2 formation in orderto explain the observed poor alignment of small grains and good alignment of largegrains. To have a more comprehensive picture of alignment we brieﬂy discuss thealignment by radiation ﬂuxes and caused by grain magnetic moments.Key words: magnetic ﬁelds – polarization – dust extinction.
Lattice thermal conductivity of self-assembled PbTe-Sb 2 Te 3 composites with nanometer lamellae

In the system of PbTe and Sb2Te3, a metastable compound Pb2Sb6Te11 appears by solidification processing. It has been reported that heat treatments decomposes this compound into two immiscible thermoelectric materials forming nanosized lamellar structure. The fraction transformed and the inter-lamellar spacing was systematically investigated. In this work, the thermal conductivities and the electrical resistivities have been measured as functions of annealing time through the transformation and the coarsening processes to clarify the effect of the fraction transformed and the inter-lamellar spacing. The thermal conductivity of Pb2Sb6Te11 is lower than that after the decomposition. The lattice part of the thermal conductivity of PbTe/Sb2Te3 lamellar samples decreases with decreasing inter-lamellar spacing. This is considered to be due to the coarsening of the microstructure.
Teaching Nonprofessionals Three Techniques to Modify Children's Behavior

The relative effectiveness of video-taped lecturing, video-taped modeling or a combination of lecturing and modeling was compared in teaching nonprofessionals to correctly choose the behavioral cat...
Where did we turn wrong?: unpacking the effect of culture and technology on attributions of team performance

Computer-mediated collaboration is becoming an increasingly prevalent form of work ([22]). At the same time, organizations are relying more and more on culturally diverse teams to staff knowledge-intensive projects (e.g., software development, customer service, corporate training,). We conducted a laboratory study examining the role of collaborative technologies and culture on 2-person team members' attributions of causes for their collaborative performance. Pairs of American, Chinese, and intercultural American-Chinese students collaborated on two map navigation tasks using one of three technologies: video, audio, or IM. As predicted, culture and technology interacted to affect the extent to which members attributed performance to dispositional factors (e.g., personality or mood) vs. situational factors (e.g., the technology or task difficulty). We discuss the implications of our results forcross-cultural collaborative work
Pars Plana Vitrectomy for the Management of Severe Diabetic Retinopathy

In 100 severely diseased diabetic eyes we performed pars plana vitrectomy. After a median follow-up time of seven months, major visual improvement was achieved in 49% of the eyes. An additional four eyes maintained a preoperatively good visual acuity resulting in an overall success rate of 53%. Eyes with only vitreous hemorrhages did better (71%) than eyes with posterior retinal detachments (31%). We did not observe new tissue proliferation in any of the operated eyes.
Coma and Axonal Degeneration in Vitamin B12 Deficiency

• A 23-year-old woman with pernicious anemia, previously treated with folic acid, demonstrated an unusually rapid and severe course of neurologic deterioration. She was first seen with coma, myelopathy, and peripheral neuropathy. Her EEG showed repetitive nonperiodic suppression bursts, probably related to the severe impairment of consciousness. A sural nerve biopsy specimen revealed prominent axonal degeneration. With cyanocobalamin treatment, she regained normal mentation and the use of the upper limbs. She remains paraplegic, however, with a T10 sensory level.
Extracting knowledge from temporal clusters for real-time clustering

Real-time anomaly detection is an increasing need as the desire for data analysis grows along with the amount of data stored on computers. Increasing the number of features used as input and the number of clusters created also increases the time needed to classify new inputs using clustering methods. Without intelligent reduction of the search space, the need to cluster in real-time forces the user to either limit the number of input features or reduce the number of total clusters created. However, the intelligent reduction of the search space can result in real-time anomaly detection without the loss of accuracy in classification. A hybrid neural network technique that allows for clustering of sequences, the extraction of regular grammars, and a method for using the grammars for real-time classification has been developed and is presented in this paper.
Theatre arts integration at a middle school: Teacher professional development and drama experience

Middle school teachers working with a teaching artist adapt new practices to engage students in drama and literacy activities.
An Evaluation of Mesoscale-Model-Based Model Output Statistics (MOS) during the 2002 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games

Abstract The skill of a mesoscale-model-based model output statistics (MOS) system that provided hourly forecasts for 18 sites over northern Utah during the 2002 Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games is evaluated. The MOS system was developed using three winters (November–April 1998/99, 1999/2000, and 2000/01) of forecasts by the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model (MM5) and observations from Olympic venues and transportation corridors. MOS temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and wind direction forecasts were considerably more accurate than those produced by the 12- and 4-km MM5 grids. A primary contributor to MM5 temperature and relative humidity errors was a systematic overprediction of surface temperature (i.e., a warm/dry bias) during persistent and nocturnal cold-pool events when corresponding errors in MM5 dewpoint temperature forecasts were not observed. MOS largely corrected for this temperature bias. MOS wind speed forecast...
Driving is transportation for most older adults.

The number of people in the United States older than age 65 is expected to double to 60,000,000 within the next 25 years. It is likely that in the future more older persons will drive longer into their lifetimes than they do now. Actions taken now to prepare for this population expansion will have a profound effect on the lives of future older Americans. Functional disabilities among some older people may make it difficult for them to continue to be safely mobile. A crucial issue is to determine who can drive safely and who cannot. A corollary issue is how to rehabilitate those whose functional abilities can be enhanced. For those who cannot be rehabilitated, decisions need to be made on either modifying or stopping driving, and we must facilitate the use of other options that allow older people to remain mobile. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration and other public and private organizations are now developing programs to enable the public and private sectors to address these issues. Language: en
Case Report: Simultaneous Localization and Removal of Lung Nodules Through Extended Use of the Hybrid Suite

The ability to attain high-definition imaging for preoperative planning, intraoperative execution, and postoperative evaluation is instrumental in surgical practice. Hybrid room computed tomography (CT) allows for faster, less invasive diagnostic and therapeutic options for patients. We present our diagnostic workup and therapeutic intervention with hybrid CT imaging in a 71-year-old female with a growing lung nodule after previous lobectomy for lung cancer.
Increased CXCR4-dependent HIV-1 fusion in activated T cells: role of CD4/CXCR4 association

Activation of peripheral CD4+ T cells resulted in augmented fusion with X4 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope-expressing cells without parallel increases in the surface expression of CD4 or CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4). Our study used biochemical methods and biological assays to correlate the increased fusion potential of activated T cells with changes in CXCR4 isoforms and CD4-CXCR4 association. Western blot analyses of CXCR4, precipitated from resting T cells, identified several CXCR4 species with molecular weights of 47, 50, 62, and 98 kDa. After 24 h stimulation with phytohemagglutinin/interleukin-2, a marked reduction was seen in the 47-kDa, with a concomitant increase in the amounts of 50 and 62-64 kDa CXCR4. T cell activation also induced an increase in the coprecipitation of CXCR4 with CD4. The 62-kDa CXCR4 predominantly coprecipitated with CD4 and was shown to be ubiquitinated. Stripping of CD4 from the cell surface with pronase treatment prior to cell lysis only partially reduced coprecipitation of CD4 with the 62-kDa CXCR4, revealing a pool of intracellular CD4-CXCR4 complexes. Coprecipitation of CXCR4 with CD4 was reduced in activated cells treated with Brefeldin A and Monensin, suggesting that late endosomes play a role in intracellular association of CXCR4 with CD4. Confocal microscopy confirmed the colocalization of CD4 and CXCR4 within CD63+ endocytic compartments. These findings demonstrated a correlation between the enhanced susceptibility of activated T cells to HIV-1 fusion and accumulation of ubiquitinated 62-64 kDa CXCR4 species, which preferentially associated with CD4. The CD4-CXCR4 complexes may shuttle between late endosomes and the cell surface.
Distance learning librarian: Essential team member in distance learning design

Summary This presentation will explore the unique relationship of distance learning library services at the University of Kentucky to key academic and administrative units on the campus including the Distance Learning Technology Center (DLTC), the University Library System and academic colleges and departments. Through the distance learning librarian's dual role as library faculty and DLTC Director, unique services are developed, delivered and evaluated in a collaborative environment with Center administrators, instructional designers, key support personnel and a wide range of faculty.
Slot Waveguide Incorporating a Sub-core

We propose a slot waveguide in which a sub-core is incorporated into the slot itself. We numerically simulate the waveguide under various conditions and show that the guided-wave can exhibit highly enhanced two-dimensional confinement.
Study on Wide Temperature Characteristics Improvement of the Remote On-Line Detection System for Electric Energy Meters

This paper studies on how to realize the accuracy stability of high-precision test tools and calibration standard in a large temperature range with a focus on the 0.05 Grade(and above) calibration tool or electric energy calibration standard in the ambient temperature of the field.The analysis of large amounts of data and graphics provides new ideas and methods for the on-site application of the standard meters.
Effects of 5-aminolevulinic Acid on Photosynthesis and Yield of Hybrid Late Rice

Using four hybrid late rice varieties as materials,the effects of foliage spraying 1.0 mg/L of 5-aminolevulinic acid on leaf SPAD value,photosynthesis,dry matter accumulation and economic yield of hybrid late rice in late growth period.The results showed that 5-aminolevulinic acid can increase SPAD value of function leaves,photosynthesis,dry matter accumulation and yield of rice.The rice yield can increase by 3.2% to 4.0%.
Immunochemical studies on the turnover of rat serum dopamine beta-hydroxylase.

Intravenous injection of homologous antiserum to rat dopamine β-hydroxylase causes a rapid, dose-dependent reduction in the activity of the enzyme. The enzyme-neutralizing effect of the antiserum is 1000 times greater in vivo than in vitro . The injected antiserum does not affect dopamine β-hydroxylase activity in peripheral adrenergic tissues. The kinetics of the rate of reappearance of dopamine β-hydroxylase activity in serum after treatment with the antiserum have been calculated. The rate constant for the entrance of enzyme into the circulation is 2.8 units/ml/day, the first-order rate constant for the degradation of the serum enzyme is 0.166 day -1 , and the half-life of serum dopamine β-hydroxylase in the rat is 4.2 days.
Pitfalls in management of fingertip injuries and hand lacerations.

SUMMARY The importance of lacerations of the hand resides in both their direction in relation to flexion creases and their potential for injury to the vital functional structures within the hand and the digit. If the lacerations are thought of in these terms and examination is made with an attempt to determine what functional loss has occurred, the need for reconstructive surgery may be lessened. Reconstructive surgery frequently is required when primary surgery is either neglected or inexpertly performed.
International networking: coordinating health promotion strategies with multiple interventions.

Although practice variations in medical care is gaining wide attention, practicing physicians in the U.S. who were surveyed found time commitments and inadequate reimbursement were major barriers to recommending preventive procedures and advice to their patients. Those internists in the Pulmonary Disease Clinical specialty area are reported to have included patient counseling during thirty percent of all patient encounters during the study period. The comprehensive effects of health promotion interventions are recognised only as those practiced by populations independent of physicians' intervention. The health and population status reports for Singapore and the U.S.A. are presented. Green's health promotion evaluation model provides a process for inquiry, efficacy, and evaluation outcomes for health promotion strategies and programs. Resources and international networking are presented representing those within the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, U.S.A.
Communication: Theory of melt-memory in polymer crystallization

Details of crystallization processes of a polymer at the crystallization temperature Tc from its melt kept initially at the melt temperature Tm depend profoundly on the nature of the initial melt state and often are accompanied by memory effects. This phenomenon is in contrast to small molecular systems where the supercooling (Tm0−Tc), with Tm0 being the equilibrium melting temperature, and not (Tm − Tc), determines the nature of crystallization. In addressing this five-decade old puzzle of melt-memory in polymer crystallization, we present a theory to describe melt-memory effects, by invoking an intermediate inhomogeneous melt state in the pathway between the melt and crystalline states. Using newly introduced dissolution temperature T10 for the inhomogeneous melt state and the transition temperature Tt0 for the transition between the inhomogeneous melt and crystalline states, analytical formulas are derived for the nucleation rate as a function of the melt temperature. The theory is general to address d...
Empirical Evidence on Productivity Growth and Capacity Utilization

Analyses of productivity growth and indicators of economic performance may provide insights about a number of different issues. The issue that has probably received the most attention in the recent productivity literature is the “productivity slowdown” that began in the early 1970s in most industrialized countries. This slowdown was documented and analyzed for the U.S. by a number of researchers, including Edward Denison [1979]. Denison presented a wide-ranging study using growth accounting measurement procedures (outlined in Chapter 2). His study concluded that “What happened is, to be blunt, a mystery”.
Demonstrating a low-cost sustainable passive microwave sensor architecture: The Compact Ocean Wind Vector Radiometer Mission

The Compact Ocean Wind Vector Radiometer (COWVR) is new type of conical sensor ideal for small satellite implementation. This paper provides an overview of the COWVR sensor, mission and provides perspectives for the future of this technology to enable low-cost sustainable passive microwave observations into the next decade.
The effect of mobility loss and car ownership on the feeling of depression, happiness, and loneliness

Abstract With the conjecture that mobility is affected by both personal impairments and automobile access, this paper examined how difficulty walking, difficulty climbing stairs, and automobile ownership affect subjective wellbeing. Subjective wellbeing was defined by three variables: feeling depressed, feeling happy, and feeling lonely. Data from Americans' Changing Lives, a nationally representative longitudinal survey, were used. The 1st wave in 1986 collected data from 3,617 adults aged 25 and over, and the 5th wave in 2011 collected data from 1,427 persons from the same sample. The data from the waves were pooled and generalized mixed logit models were used to examine the temporal and cross-sectional effects of mobility difficulties on the three subjective wellbeing variables. Separate Heckman probit models were used to examine the effect of automobile ownership. The logit models showed clear evidence of an adverse effect of walking difficulty on depression and happiness, but they showed no effect on loneliness. Climbing difficulty had an effect on depression only in the cross-sectional model and it had no effect on happiness in any model. However, the variable was found to have a highly significant adverse effect on loneliness. The Heckman probit models showed a significant inverse effect of automobile ownership on feeling depressed, but no effect on happiness or loneliness. The study concluded that automobile ownership may have a modest positive effect on persons with walking difficulty.
Heterogeneous Sensitivities to Interest Rate Changes: Evidence from Consumer Loans

I analyze the credit contract decisions made by borrowers and whether borrower choices can be used for screening. In the setting, the interest rate jumps at specific loan amount thresholds, which create incentives for bunching below the cutoffs. I find substantial heterogeneity in sensitivities to interest rate jumps. Evidence supports borrower sophistication as the main explanation for this heterogeneity. Furthermore, borrowers who fail to bunch below the thresholds are 18% more likely to default and 24% less likely to receive funding from institutional lenders. Findings suggest that borrowers’ suboptimal credit decisions can be used to reduce information asymmetries.
General method to find the attractors of discrete dynamic models of biological systems

Analyzing the long-term behaviors (attractors) of dynamic models of biological networks can provide valuable insight. We propose a general method that can find the attractors of multilevel discrete dynamical systems by extending a method that finds the attractors of a Boolean network model. The previous method is based on finding stable motifs, subgraphs whose nodes' states can stabilize on their own. We extend the framework from binary states to any finite discrete levels by creating a virtual node for each level of a multilevel node, and describing each virtual node with a quasi-Boolean function. We then create an expanded representation of the multilevel network, find multilevel stable motifs and oscillating motifs, and identify attractors by successive network reduction. In this way, we find both fixed point attractors and complex attractors. We implemented an algorithm, which we test and validate on representative synthetic networks and on published multilevel models of biological networks. Despite its primary motivation to analyze biological networks, our motif-based method is general and can be applied to any finite discrete dynamical system.
The burnout patient.

Abstract Physician and patient experiences of health care delivery are inextricably intertwined. Accelerating physician burnout has reached epidemic proportions in the United States. In parallel, health care has become a different experience for our patients. As a practicing neurologist over the last 40 years, I have observed changes in the expectations of colleagues and patients, whose feelings and concerns continually educate me. While I am not alone in advocating for intervention in current health care delivery methodology, not all are convinced. In discussing the repercussion of the “burnout patient,” I seek to amplify the groundswell for change.
Outcome Research: Methods for Improving Outcome in Routine Care

The current review targets efforts to use outcome measures in routine care for the purpose of enhancing patient outcome, particularly for patients whose positive outcome is in doubt. The review first provides a brief historical context that justifies this particular form of outcome assessment, and its role in reducing negative treatment outcomes. The place of outcome measures in solving the negative effects problem is emphasized with a narrow focus on one set of measures that are relatively well advanced in their clinical utility. Other measures are then briefly reviewed before turning to future directions.
Fibrinogen Receptors: Biology and Function

Platelets participate in hemostasis and thrombosis by accumulating at sites of blood vessel injury (1). Platelet deposition at these sites is important for the physiologic arrest of bleeding. Under pathologic conditions, however, platelet deposition can lead to vascular occlusion followed by ischemic tissue damage and thrombus embolization.
Structuring migration: The case of Polish income-seeking travelers to the West

L'auteur expose dans cet article ses theories concernant les migrations transnationales. Selon l'auteur, la sociologie des migrations integre le phenomene transfrontalier sans lui accorder assez d'importance. En prenant comme exemple la Pologne l'auteur s'appuie sur les conceptualisations d'A. Giddens et sur l'ouvrage de D. Massey World In Action pour examiner le processus structurel de la creation de liens micro/macro sociaux des migrants et de leurs comportements transnationaux
Abstract 3166: Unoperated Patients With Severe Symptomatic Aortic Stenosis

BACKGROUND: Limited data is available for patients with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis (AS) who do not undergo aortic valve replacement (AVR). We examined why symptomatic patients with severe AS did not undergo AVR. METHODS: We reviewed Aurora St. Luke’s Medical Center’s echocardiography database and identified all adult patients with evidence of severe AS (defined as valve area of 2 ) documented between January 1, 2006 and December 31, 2008. Medical records were reviewed for demographic and clinical characteristics and diagnostic procedures. If AVR was not performed, records were reviewed to determine the reason. Anticipated operative risk for patients who did not undergo AVR was calculated using the logistic EuroSCORE. RESULTS: Between January 2006 and December 2008, 448 patients had severe AS on echocardiogram. Of these, 115 patients (26%; median age 74 years) underwent AVR. The 333 unoperated patients included 272 patients (82%) over the age of 75 years (median age 84) and 200 patients (60%) who were symptomatic with AS; 308 (92.5%) had multiple comorbidities; 91 (27%) had undergone previous coronary artery bypass grafting; 132 (40%) had heart failure; 46 (14%) had angina pectoris alone; while 30 (9%) had syncope or presyncope (table). For the unoperated patients, median logistic EuroSCORE (mortality %) was significantly lower among asymptomatic than symptomatic patients (33.1% vs. 67.5%, p CONCLUSION: Surgery was denied in 60% of patients with severe, symptomatic AS. Older age and multiple comorbidities were the most often cited characteristics of patients denied surgery.
Approximation of Functions of Two Variables via Almost Convergence of Double Sequences

The idea of almost convergence for double sequences was introduced by Moricz and Rhoades [6]. In this chapter, we use this concept to prove a Korovkin-type approximation theorem for functions of two variables and we give an example. Furthermore, we present the consequences of the main theorem. This chapter is based on [1].
Using Culturally Competent Responsive Services to Improve Student Achievement and Behavior

This article illustrates standards blending, the integration of core academic and school counseling standards, as a culturally alert responsive services strategy to assist in closing the achievemen...
ETV7 is an essential component of a rapamycin-insensitive mTOR complex in cancer

The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) serine/threonine kinase, a critical regulator of cell proliferation, is frequently deregulated in human cancer. Although rapamycin inhibits the two canonical mTOR complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2, it often shows minimal benefit as an anticancer drug. This is caused by rapamycin resistance of many different tumors, and we show that a third mTOR complex, mTORC3, contributes to this resistance. The ETS (E26 transformation-specific) transcription factor ETV7 interacts with mTOR in the cytoplasm and assembles mTORC3, which is independent of ETV7's transcriptional activity. This complex exhibits bimodal mTORC1/2 activity but is devoid of crucial mTORC1/2 components. Many human cancers activate mTORC3 at considerable frequency, and tumor cell lines that lose mTORC3 expression become rapamycin-sensitive. We show mTORC3's tumorigenicity in a rhabdomyosarcoma mouse model in which transgenic ETV7 expression accelerates tumor onset and promotes tumor penetrance. Discovery of mTORC3 represents an mTOR paradigm shift and identifies a novel target for anticancer drug development.
ADS-Bsec: A Holistic Framework to Secure ADS-B

Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast (ADS-B) is one the most prominent air traffic surveillance technologies that emerged in recent years. It can be used not only as a complement to existing radar-based technologies to locate aircraft, but also as a replacement in areas without radar coverage. However, a major flaw in the deployment of this technology is its reliance on clear-text, open broadcast of messages, which makes it vulnerable to attackers. In this paper, we propose ADS-Bsec, a holistic framework that solves the root cause of ADS-B problems by enforcing the much needed authenticity and integrity in ADS-B messages. It does so without changing the message format, and along with a proper key exchange mechanism. In addition, our framework also leverages results from radio-location and risk-adaptive techniques in order to prevent attacks targeting ADS-B. An important characteristic of our framework is that it was mostly implemented using a test bed with actual prototype radios, which mimics as much as possible real flight conditions. As a result, our framework is a promising approach for integrating ADS-B to NextGen infrastructure in a secure and affordable fashion.
DenseNet for Anatomical Brain Segmentation

Abstract Automated segmentation in brain magnetic resonance image (MRI) plays an important role in the analysis of many diseases and conditions. In this paper, we present a new architecture to perform MR image brain segmentation (MRI) into a number of classes based on type of tissue. Recent work has shown that convolutional neural networks (DenseNet) can be substantially more accurate with less number of parameters if each layer in the network is connected with every other layer in a feed forward fashion. We embrace this idea and generate new architecture that can assign each pixel/voxel in an MR image of the brain to its corresponding anatomical region. To benchmark our model, we used the dataset provided by the IBSR 2(Internet Brain Segmentation Repository), which consists of 18 manually segmented MR images of the brain. To our knowledge, our approach is the first to use DenseNet to perform anatomical segmentation of the whole brain.
Updated determination of $N^*$ resonance parameters using a unitary, multichannel formalism

Results are presented for an updated multichannel energy-dependent partial-wave analysis of $\ensuremath{\pi}N$ scattering. Our earlier work incorporated single-energy amplitudes for $\ensuremath{\pi}N\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\pi}N, \ensuremath{\gamma}N\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\pi}N, \ensuremath{\pi}N\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\pi}N, \ensuremath{\pi}N\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\eta}N$, and $\ensuremath{\pi}N\ensuremath{\rightarrow}K\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$. The present work incorporates new single-energy solutions for $\ensuremath{\gamma}p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\eta}p$ up to a center-of-mass (c.m.) energy of 1990 MeV, $\ensuremath{\gamma}p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{+}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$ up to a c.m. energy of 2230 MeV, and $\ensuremath{\gamma}n\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\eta}n$ up to a c.m. energy of 1885 MeV, as well as updated single-energy solutions for $\ensuremath{\pi}N\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\eta}N, \ensuremath{\pi}N\ensuremath{\rightarrow}K\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$, and $\ensuremath{\gamma}N\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\pi}N$. In this paper, we present and discuss the resonance parameters obtained from a combined fit of all these single-energy amplitudes. Our determined energy-dependent amplitudes provide an excellent description of the corresponding measured observables.
Inorganic semiconductor biointerfaces

Biological systems respond to and communicate through biophysical cues, such as electrical, thermal, mechanical and topographical signals. However, precise tools for introducing localized physical stimuli and/or for sensing biological responses to biophysical signals with high spatiotemporal resolution are limited. Inorganic semiconductors display many relevant electrical and optical properties, and they can be fabricated into a broad spectrum of electronic and photonic devices. Inorganic semiconductor devices enable the formation of functional interfaces with biological material, ranging from proteins to whole organs. In this Review, we discuss fundamental semiconductor physics and operation principles, with a focus on their behaviour in physiological conditions, and highlight the advantages of inorganic semiconductors for the establishment of biointerfaces. We examine semiconductor device design and synthesis and discuss typical signal transduction mechanisms at bioelectronic and biophotonic interfaces for electronic and optoelectronic sensing, optoelectronic and photothermal stimulation and photoluminescent in vivo imaging of cells and tissues. Finally, we evaluate cytotoxicity and highlight possible new material components and biological targets of inorganic semiconductor devices. Inorganic semiconductor devices enable the formation of functional interfaces with cells and tissues to detect or provide physical stimuli. In this Review, inorganic semiconductor materials are discussed for electronic and optoelectronic sensing, optoelectronic and photothermal stimulation and photoluminescent in vivo imaging.
Altered tissue composition, microarchitecture, and mechanical performance in cancellous bone from men with type 2 diabetes mellitus

People with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have normal-to-high BMDs, but, counterintuitively, have greater fracture risks than people without T2DM, even after accounting for potential confounders like BMI and falls. Therefore, T2DM may alter aspects of bone quality, including material properties or microarchitecture, that increase fragility independently of bone mass. Our objective was to elucidate the factors that influence fragility in T2DM by comparing the material properties, microarchitecture, and mechanical performance of cancellous bone in a clinical population of men with and without T2DM. Cancellous specimens from the femoral neck were collected during total hip arthroplasty (T2DM: n = 31, age = 65 ± 8 years, HbA1c = 7.1 ± 0.9%; non-DM: n = 34, age = 62 ± 9 years, HbA1c = 5.5 ± 0.4%). The T2DM specimens had greater concentrations of the advanced glycation endproduct pentosidine (+ 36%, P < 0.05) and sugars bound to the collagen matrix (+ 42%, P < 0.05) than the non-DM specimens. The T2DM specimens trended toward a greater bone volume fraction (BV/TV) (+ 24%, NS, P = 0.13) and had greater mineral content (+ 7%, P < 0.05) than the non-DM specimens. Regression modeling of the mechanical outcomes revealed competing effects of T2DM on bone mechanical behavior. The trend of higher BV/TV values and the greater mineral content observed in the T2DM specimens increased strength, whereas the greater values of pentosidine in the T2DM group decreased postyield strain and toughness. The long-term medical management and presence of osteoarthritis in these patients may influence these outcomes. Nevertheless, our data indicate a beneficial effect of T2DM on cancellous microarchitecture, but a deleterious effect of T2DM on the collagen matrix. These data suggest that high concentrations of advanced glycation endproducts can increase fragility by reducing the ability of bone to absorb energy before failure, especially for the subset of T2DM patients with low BV/TV. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Application of Digital Technology to Nuclear Plant Control and Safety

The nuclear industry must ensure the efficient, reliable, and safe operation of its power plants. For utilities, this is a challenging objective as they develop the expertize to support all facets of plant design and operation. It is particularly demanding given: 1) the extensive post TMI safety modifications; 2) the public concern about escalating energy costs; and 3) the problems of aging equipment. The magnitude of the challenge is manifested as a continuing series of complex and costly retrofits designed to enhance safety, fix operational problems, replace aging equipment, and sometimes improve capacity factor.
Parental influence on youth violent video game use

Violent video games have been the subject of much news and analysis. One area of the debate, particularly in legal arenas, has been whether parents have or should have control over what games their children play. Despite such debates, only limited empirical research has examined whether parents actually do have influence over what games their children play or how much they play them. Using cross-sectional data from large-samples of American high-school and middle-school students, this study examines parental influences on violent video game play and the role of perceived parental opinion of violent video games. Results suggest that parental attachment and perceived parental opinion of video games play a significant role in the degree to which youth play violent games, even through later adolescence in high school.
Parent–Adolescent Dyads as Temporal Interpersonal Emotion Systems

Research on the role of parent-adolescent relationships in psychosocial adjustment needs a conceptual approach that specifies the processes by which development is nested in the relationship. I forward a new approach and emphasize the need to consider the unique elements that individuals bring to the dyadic system. I also emphasize the need to examine processes at multiple time scales. I highlight the complexity of dyadic system dynamics: Biological predispositions set the foundation for the parent-adolescent relationship and the emotion dynamics that emerge during interactions. As the system gets entrained through repeated interactions over longer time scales, real-time dynamics coalesce into psychosocial adjustment, which in turn constrains real-time dynamics. I review the evidence for each of these processes and discuss the implications.