cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mineralogical characterization of lower rank coals by SEM-based automated image analysis and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry

Automated image analysis (AIA) based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry was used to characterize the mineral matter in two western subbituminous coals from the Adaville No. 11 seam (Kemmerer, WY) and the Dietz No. 1 and 2 seams (Decker, MT). The samples were ground to — 200 mesh and cleaned by float-sink separation at 1.40 and 1.38 specific gravity, respectively. The samples were characterized before and after cleaning for mineral phase and size distributions. The Adaville sample contained primarily quartz and an iron-rich mineral, along with traces of apatite, while the Dietz coal contained primarily quartz and kaolinite. The mineral particles in the Adaville coal were notably coarser. The total mineral matter content determined by AIA agreed reasonably well with that calculated from the ASTM ash content. Studies on the association of the mineral particles with the coal matrix were performed by SEMAIA to classify the composite mineral-coal particles into 10 particle types or classes of increasing density. The AIA density distributions were consistent with distributions expected from the float-sink cleaning. They also indicated significant differences in the association of minerals with coal between the raw coals. Specifically, the Dietz coal contained relatively more liberated mineral matter and less material between 1.4 and 1.8g cm−3 than did the Adaville coal.
Neuroticism and Extraversion Share Genetic and Environmental Effects with Negative and Positive Mood Spillover in a Nationally Representative Sample.

Abstract Work-family spillover research focuses on how negative and positive moods in one life domain carry over to another. Domain-specific etiologies (e.g., family conflict) are often emphasized to explain spillover. Yet, strong correlations exist between spillover variables of the same emotional valence but originating from different domains, suggesting individual differences in the tendencies to prolong mood-states. The current study ( N = 1143 individuals) examined whether these general tendencies are associated with neuroticism and extraversion and how genetic and environmental effects contribute to these associations. Findings revealed that neuroticism and extraversion are related to these tendencies through both genetic and environmental pathways.
Photoreactive Polymer Brushes for High-Density Patterned Surface Derivatization Using a Diels–Alder Photoclick Reaction

Reactive polymer brushes grown on silicon oxide surfaces were derivatized with photoreactive 3-(hydroxymethyl)naphthalene-2-ol (NQMP) moieties. Upon 300 or 350 nm irradiation, NQMP efficiently produces o-naphthoquinone methide (oNQM), which in turn undergoes very rapid Diels–Alder addition to vinyl ether groups attached to a substrate, resulting in the covalent immobilization of the latter. Any unreacted oNQM groups rapidly add water to regenerate NQMP. High-resolution surface patterning is achieved by irradiating NQMP-derivatized surfaces using photolithographic methods. The Diels–Alder photoclick reaction is orthogonal to azide–alkyne click chemistry, enabling sequential photoclick/azide-click derivatizations to generate complex surface functionalities.
A Photographic Plate Processing System

The processing of photographic plates is a step in spectrographic analysis using photographic recording which should be simple, routine, and reproducible. The critical parameters are temperature, time, uniformity of agitation of solutions, and developer strength, which are usually controlled through the use of a mechanical processor coupled with careful darkroom practice.
Some remarks on the arrangement of grains in a polycrystal

Abstract Aboav's observation of a correlation between the number of sides of a grain in a section of polycrystal and the number of sides of neighboring grains may be simply explained using Euler's Theorem. It is unreasonable to infer from this correlation that the grains are not disposed at random.
A study of the coating-substrate interface layer of an Al2O3-coated cemented carbide cutting tool

Abstract The microstructure of the interface bonding zone of the Al 2 O 3 coating and the cemented carbide substrate of a coated tool has been analyzed using transmission electron microscopy. It is concluded that a complex aluminium-tantalum oxide of rutile type AlTaO 4 contributes to the strong bonding owing to the similarity of its crystal structure to TiO 2 . Synthesis of experimental tools with other oxides very similar to AlTaO 4 as bonding material confirmed this hypothesis.
Learning-based nonparametric image super-resolution

We present a novel learning-based framework for zooming and recognizing images of digits obtained from vehicle registration plates, which have been blurred using an unknown kernel. We model the image as an undirected graphical model over image patches in which the compatibility functions are represented as nonparametric kernel densities. The crucial feature of this work is an iterative loop that alternates between super-resolution and restoration stages. A machine-learning-based framework has been used for restoration which also models spatial zooming. Image segmentation is done by a column-variance estimation-based "dissection" algorithm. Initially, the compatibility functions are learned by nonparametric kernel density estimation, using random samples from the training data. Next, we solve the inference problem by using an extended version of the nonparametric belief propagation algorithm, in which we introduce the notion of partial messages. Finally, we recognize the super-resolved and restored images. The resulting confidence scores are used to sample from the training set to better learn the compatibility functions.
A Q-Analysis of Census Data: Intra-Household Income Allocation and School Attendance in Chiapas, Mexico

Q-analysis, introduced by a mathematician Ron Atkin, is a useful tool to explore social structures. I introduce essential concepts and techniques of q-analysis to show q-analysis’s potential ability to analyze and extract information from census data – the work that most researchers have done mainly with statistical methods. Using Mexican census and q-analysis, I examine whether children of female-headed household aged 15–19 were more likely to attend school than male-headed household children in Chiapas, Mexico in 2000. My findings are consistent with the large body of previous research, many of which were conducted with statistical methods: women’s control of income tends to results in a better welfare for their children, defined as children’s school attendance by the sex of heads of household in my study. I evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of a-analysis of census data. I conclude that while it has some weaknesses, q-analysis is a complimentary method to statistical methods for analysis of census data that may overcome some limitations that statistical methods often face such as an incapability of handling a small sample.
Success Values and the Value Stretch: a Biracial Comparision*

This study is an attempt to replicate and extend past research dealing with the controversy over the existence of common versus class-differentiated success values. Three sets of hypotheses derived from Rodman's theory of the value stretch are tested. Two random cluster samples, one white, one black, were drawn from Roanoke, Virginia, yielding a total of 202 respondents. Results generally contradicted Rodman's theory; instead, a moderately class differentiated set of success values was found. Comparisons between blacks and whites surprisingly showed blacks with higher expectations when class was controlled. Age was associated with lower expectations as predicted. New directions for future research are offered.
25-Hydroxycholesterol acts as an amplifier of inflammatory signaling

Cross-talk between sterol regulatory pathways and inflammatory pathways has been demonstrated to significantly impact the development of both atherosclerosis and infectious disease. The oxysterol 25-hydroxycholesterol (25HC) plays multiple roles in lipid biosynthesis and immunity. We recently used a systems biology approach to identify 25HC as an innate immune mediator that had a predicted role in atherosclerosis and we demonstrated a role for 25HC in foam cell formation. Here, we show that this mediator also has several complex roles in the antiviral response. The host response to viruses involves gene regulatory circuits with multiple feedback loops and we show here that 25HC acts as an amplifier of inflammatory signaling in macrophages. We determined that 25HC amplifies inflammatory signaling, at least in part, by mediating the recruitment of the AP-1 components FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene (FOS) and jun proto-oncogene (JUN) to the promoters of a subset of Toll-like receptor-responsive genes. Consistent with previous reports, we found that 25HC inhibits in vitro infection of airway epithelial cells by influenza. Surprisingly, we found that deletion of Ch25h, the gene encoding the enzyme responsible for 25HC production, is protective in a mouse model of influenza infection as a result of decreased inflammatory-induced pathology. Thus, our study demonstrates, for the first time to our knowledge, that in addition to its direct antiviral role, 25HC also regulates transcriptional responses and acts as an amplifier of inflammation via AP-1 and that the resulting alteration in inflammatory response leads to increased tissue damage in mice following infection with influenza.
LABORATORY AND CLINICAL STUDIES WITH THE RIBOFLAVIN ANTAGONIST, GALACTOFLAVIN.

Summary1. The riboflavin analog, 10-d-dulcityl-7,8-dimethyl-isoalloxazine (galactoflavin), was absorbed following oral administration to rats and to human patients. Plasma flavin levels and urine flavin excretion were greater in humans than in rodents. 2. Absorbed galactoflavin appeared unchanged in plasma and urine of both species. 3. Maximum absorption of drug was achieved by administration of 1.0 g doses at 8 hour intervals. This dosage was tolerated without undesirable effects for 2 to 5 months by 5 patients. 4. A program of galactoflavin administration in conjunction with a diet calculated to contain less than 0.5 mg riboflavin daily produced clinical signs and symptoms suggestive of riboflavin deficiency in 2 patients and anemia in one patient.
Workplace theft: An analysis of student-employee offenders and job attributes

This paper identifies characteristics and behaviors of college students who steal from their places of employment. As such, the present study focuses on the job-related lifestyle behaviors and characteristics of students that influence their opportunities and likelihood of stealing from their place of employment. The data come from self-administered surveys conducted with 1,531 college students in the fall of 1996. Results reveal job characteristics that increase opportunity and past criminal behavior are the most influential predictors of individuals who engage in workplace theft. Policy implications are discussed.
The Necessary Library Revolution in Community College Developmental and Remedial Programs.

Abstract Community college libraries need to address the problems of disenfranchised, impoverished, and disadvantaged Americans. Community college students, who tend to be older, poorer, and have greater responsibilities than traditional college students, tend also to have a greater need for developmental and remedial programming. Both community colleges and libraries are known for their commitment to serving students and patrons, so it is logical that community college students' special needs should be emphasized in community college libraries. This paper explores different techniques that can and have been utilized for this purpose along with the political and motivational obstacles to implementing them.
Cover Picture: Selectivity Control in Gold‐Mediated Esterification of Methanol (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 23/2009)

Atomic oxygen adsorbed on metallic gold promotes the low-temperature transformation of methanol to methyl formate, formaldehyde, and formic acid. The reactions occur with oxygen-containing gold nanoparticles (ca. 2 nm in diameter), which form when Au(111) is oxidized with ozone. The detailed reaction mechanism is discussed by C. M. Friend and co-workers in the Communication on page 4206 ff.
Social-indicator model building: A multiple-indicator design

The purpose of the paper is to illustrate and apply a technique for building social-indicator models when concepts are measured by multiple indicators. The multiple-indicator approach discussed in the paper is based on the work of John L. Sullivan in which multiple-partial correlation is used in block-recursive model building. Sullivan's approach is based on the earlier work of Hubert M. Blalock with partial correlation. The multiple-indicator approach is initially considered by explaining the function of multiple-partial correlation and illustrating the utility of the statistic in sociological analysis. The model building approach is first illustrated in the case of a four-variable model measured by single indicators. An elaboration of the design is presented in the case of a six-variable model in which the variables are measured by multiple indicators (two indicators per variable). The multiple-indicator approach is then applied to assess the goodness-of-fit between data and a macrosociological health model. Procedures for assessing fit are presented and discussed. Finally, several advantages and disadvantages of the multiple-indicator approach to model building are considered.
Surface Tension of Mercury

Consistent values for the surface tension of mercury in a high vacuum (air pressure less than 1.2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$ mm Hg throughout the period of experimentation), ranging from 438.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3 dynes per cm at 12.5\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C to 423.9\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.6 dynes per cm at 67\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C, have been found by a modified flat-drop method. In evaluating them Worthington's equation $\ensuremath{\sigma}=\frac{{(K\ensuremath{-}k)}^{2}\ensuremath{\rho}}{2} . \frac{1.641 L}{1.641 L+(K\ensuremath{-}k)}$ was used. The temperature gradient, determined from the best mean straight line through the experimental points, is 0.3015 dyne per cm per degree. Hence the average value of $k$, in the ? relation, was found to be 1.82. Reproduction of concordant results at intervals during a period of four months affords ample evidence of the thorough outgassing of the apparatus and is attributed to the great care used in securing relative perfection of details.
Effects of restrictions in dietary protein and vitamin A on the responses of rats to infections by Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Nematoda) and N. brasiliensis plus Eimeria nieschulzi (Coccidia).

Abstract The effects of adequate and restricted dietary protein and vitamin A on responses to infections by Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and N. brasiliensis plus Eimeria nieshulzi were determined in growing Sprague-Dawley rats. Infected rats experienced anorexia followed by a rebound in consumption that compensated for weight losses during anorexia. On certain days, reductions in the urinary/fecal nitrogen ratio, fecal and absorbed nitrogen, and apparent nitrogen and dry matter digestibilities occurred with the combined infections but not with those by nematodes alone. Effects of different levels of vitamin A were expressed only as an increase in nitrogen absorption occurring during the post-anoretic increase in appetite found with infected rats and in rats restricted in protein but receiving the higher level of the vitamin. Protein level was the most significant treatment effect: rats on high protein performed significantly better than those on low, regardless of the level of the other experimental variables.
Genetic association of the catalase gene (CAT) with vitiligo susceptibility.

Vitiligo susceptibility is a complex genetic trait that may involve genes important for melanin biosynthesis, response to oxidative stress, and/or regulation of autoimmunity, as well as environmental factors. We report here case-control and family-based association studies for the catalase gene (CAT) in vitiligo patients. The CAT gene was selected as a candidate gene because of the reduction of catalase enzyme activity (EC 1.11.1.6) and concomitant accumulation of excess hydrogen peroxide observed in the entire epidermis of vitiligo patients. One of three CAT genetic markers studied was found to be informative for genotypic analysis of Caucasian vitiligo patients and control subjects. Both case/control and family-based genetic association studies of the T/C single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in exon 9 of the CAT gene, which is detectable with the restriction endonuclease BstX I, suggest possible association between the CAT gene and vitiligo susceptibility. The observations that T/C heterozygotes are more frequent among vitiligo patients than controls and that the C allele is transmitted more frequently to patients than controls suggest that linked mutations in or near the CAT gene might contribute to a quantitative deficiency of catalase activity in the epidermis and the accumulation of excess hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ). The CA T gene may, therefore, be a susceptibility gene in some vitiligo patients, further supporting the epidermal oxidative stress model for vitiligo pathogenesis.
Microtubule assembly affected by the presence of denatured tubulin

Abstract The effects of denatured tubulin on microtubule assembly from active phosphocellulose-tubulin have been studied. The presence of denatured tubulin resulted in an inhibition of the assembly and in the increase of the critical concentration to trigger the assembly. Inhibition of both the rate and extent of microtubule assembly was dependent on denatured tubulin concentration. This perturbation of microtubule assembly by denatured tubulin is likely to be specific as non-microtubule proteins did not significantly affect the assembly.
Implicit and explicit memory models

In describing phenomena associated with memory, people typically rely on an implicit or intuitive theory that assumes the mind is like a space in which memories are stored, just as objects are stored in physical space. Utilization of information is often described as a search process through the space. The argument is briefly presented that almost all explicit memory theories embody the same assumptions of spatial storage and search as those in our implicit theory. Possible reasons for this state of affairs are examined and some alternative nonspatial approaches, as yet not very popular, are presented.
The interfacial mixing of silicon coatings on niobium metal: a comparative study

Abstract Graded interfaces between niobium substrates and evaporated silicon films were obtained through thermal annealing, ion-beam mixing and laser mixing. The samples were characterized with Rutherford backscattering, Auger electron spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Thermal annealing was found to produce asymmetric interfacial gradients, while ion-beam and laser treatment produced symmetric gradients. Samples were subjected to heating in dry oxygen at 65°C in order to study the thermal oxidation stability of the coatings. The amorphous laser-mixed, then ion-beam treated samples were found to be resistant to severe oxidation. It was concluded that a smoothly graded interfacial region will be stable with respect to thermal and lattice mismatch; but if the mixed zone is crystalline, grain-boundary oxidation occurs.
Phase behavior of model confined fluids. Influence of substrate - Fluid interaction strength

We examine the relationship between the macroscopic phase behavior of nanoconfined fluids and the nature of microscopic interactions between a confining substrate and fluid. Two model slit-pore systems are explored using grand canonical transition-matrix Monte Carlo simulation. One system consists of a square-well fluid interacting with a square-well substrate, and the other contains an embedded point charge model of lysozyme interacting with a mica surface. Fluid phase diagrams are constructed for a broad range of substrate conditions. Our results indicate that one observes a maximum in the critical temperature of the fluid phase envelope upon variation of substrate strength for a given slit width. Both systems studied exhibit such maxima at intermediate wall strength. The physical rationale for this observation suggests that this behavior should be generally expected. We introduce two metrics that enable one to predict conditions that produce maxima in critical temperature. The first is related to the contact angle a fluid develops at a single confining substrate. The second is based upon virial coefficient information and requires knowledge of the substrate-fluid and fluid-fluid interaction potentials only.
Drop weight testing on sandwich panels with a novel thermoplastic core material

A series of drop weight tests were conducted to evaluate the dynamic flatwise compression strength and flexural strength of sandwich panels with a novel core structure. This sandwich core material, known as Norcore, consists of interconnected cells in a unique configuration of truncated pyramid with sloping cell walls. Core materials made of thermoplastic including virgin Lexan, polycarbonate, polycarbonate regrind, high-impact polystyrene, and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene were tested. The test results showed that these sandwich panels have good strength as well as energy absorption capacities.
The Ethics of Shifting Ties: Management Theory and the Breakdown of Culture In Modernity

Despite a long tradition of documenting unethical practices in organizations, the sociology of organization literature has seldom addressed the question of management ethics. One early work in the field, Melville Dalton's Men Who Manage (1959), did develop a contingent approach to ethics that is seen as a precursor to contemporary discussions in modern and postmodern organization theory. In this essay, Dalton's work is interpreted in terms of a premodern or traditional view of moral theory. It is concluded that Dalton and those who have followed him have reduced morality to politics and have provided an intellectual rationale for the contemporary dark ages of moral behaviour with its worship of the cult of the individual.
TUMORS OF THE SUBMAXILLARY GLAND.

Abstract Study of 128 cases of neoplasms of the submaxillary gland in which operation was performed at the Mayo Clinic from 1936 through 1955 with careful attention to classification of the lesions and comparison of findings in the literature on other salivary tumors yielded the following observations and conclusions. 1. 1. Benign mixed tumor is the most common tumor found in the submaxillary gland. Its predominance, however, is less than in the parotid gland. 2. 2. Cylindroma is the most common malignant tumor in the submaxillary gland and is relatively more common in the submaxillary gland than in the parotid gland. 3. 3. Benign tumors of the submaxillary gland are found in younger patients than are malignant tumors. 4. 4. Benign tumors tend to be smaller, more stationary in size, give less pain and show less tendency to local invasion than do malignant tumors. 5. 5. Both benign and malignant tumors, that later recur, begin at an earlier age than tumors that do not recur. 6. 6. Removal of the entire submaxillary gland with the tumor is the treatment of choice for all benign tumors and well encapsulated malignant tumors. More radical surgical procedures are preferable for locally invasive malignant tumors. 7. 7. Recurrence is rare after surgical treatment of benign tumors of the submaxillary gland. 8. 8. Following adequate surgical treatment, approximately half of the patients with malignant tumors of the submaxillary gland will live five years without evidence of recurrence. 9. 9. Recurrence may develop in patients with cylindroma more than five years postoperatively, but a ten year follow-up without recurrence should be synonomous with cure.
Motoneuron development after deafferentation: II. Dorsal rhizotomy does doe block estrogen-supported growth in the dorsolateral nucleus (DLN)

The lumbar spinal cord of the rat contains two sexually dimorphic motor nuclei, the spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus (SNB) and the dorsolateral nucleus (DLN). Postnatally, SNB and DLN motoneurons grow substantially and reach their adult morphology by 7 weeks of age. The masculinization of SNB and DLN motoneuron dendrites depends upon steroid hormones. After early castration, the growth of SNB and DLN dendrites is markedly attenuated, but testosterone replacement restores this growth. In the SNB, initial dendritic growth is also supported in castrates treated with estrogen. By using castration and hormone replacement techniques, we examined the development of DLN motoneuron morphology in estrogen-treated castrated rats to determine if estrogen also supports the growth of DLN motoneurons. In addition, given that dorsal root ganglia may be a site of estrogen action, we tested the hypothesis that estrogen acts at primary afferents to support DLN dendritic growth. Thus, we attempted to block the potential trophic effect of estrogen by performing unilateral dorsal rhizotomies in estrogen-treated castrates. DLN motoneuron morphology was analyzed at 4 and 7 weeks of age by using cholera toxin horseradish peroxidase (BHRP) histochemistry. As found for SNB motoneurons, estrogen treatment transiently supported development. DLN motoneurons in estrogen-treated castrates developed normally through 4 weeks of age, but by 7 weeks, DLN motoneuron morphology in estrogen-treated castrates was no longer different from that in oil-treated castrates. Moreover, deafferentation via unilateral dorsal rhizotomy did not inhibit estrogen's ability to masculinize the early development of DLN motoneurons. Thus, the trophic effect of estrogen did not appear to act via the dorsal root ganglia to support the early postnatal development of DLN motoneurons.
Exercise‐induced anaphylaxis in a marathon runner

After completion of a marathon (26.2 mile running race), a 41-year-old woman presented to the medical tent complaining of hand swelling. She denied any hand pain or numbness, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, or abdominal pain, but admitted to slight hoarseness. Whilst she denied shortness of breath at that moment, she had noted dyspnea out of proportion to her athletic activity during the first 3 miles of the marathon. Thereafter, she ran without respiratory discomfort. She also recalled hand swelling and dyspnea out of proportion to her activity during her marathon training, especially on warm and humid days. Similar lesions, but to a much milder degree, had developed during brisk walks. These lesions began within the first 15 min of exercise and were associated with pruritus. She admitted to eating, only occasionally, a banana before her runs. She denied developing lesions whilst experiencing sudden powerful emotions, taking hot showers, or eating hot foods. She had no other medical problems, except for depression, for which she took venlafaxine. The symptoms related to her running were unrelated to her venlafaxine intake. She began having the swelling many years before starting the medication and continued having the swelling after discontinuation of venlafaxine. She had no history of atopic dermatitis, but 2 years subsequent to this most recent episode, she had been diagnosed with atopic dermatitis by her primary medical physician. There was no family history of similar eruptions. Physical examination revealed diffuse swelling of both hands, including all digits, with mild, ill-defined overlying erythema (Fig. 1). She had similar lesions on her feet and also had mild diffuse facial swelling, but did not have pronounced lip, tongue, or eyelid swelling. The swelling largely resolved within 4 h. Figure 1. Diffuse swelling involving the hand and all digits with mild overlying erythema. Notice the constriction of the digit caused by the runner's wedding ring Download figure to PowerPoint Exercise-induced anaphylaxis was diagnosed. The patient continues to have similar eruptions with exercise, but has refused treatment with antihistamines or epinephrine.
Comparison of Stainable Liver Iron Between Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Hemochromatosis Homozygotes and Their Homozygous Relatives

ABSTRACT The authors compared the amount of hepatic parenchymal cell stainable iron in 159 hemochromatosis homozygotes. They were separated into four groups. Group 1: 59 symptomatic hemochromatosis probands with hemochromatosis (mean age 49 years) who were identified because of symptoms and signs of iron overload. Group 2: 38 asymptomatic probands with hemochromatosis (mean age 29 years) identified during population screening studies or during routine health maintenance evaluation. Group 3: 47 homozygous relatives (mean age 43 years) of Group 1 probands. Group 4:15 homozygous relatives (mean age 30 years) of Group 2 probands. The symptomatic probands (Group 1) were 20 years older and had much more stainable hepatic iron (p
Transgenic Approaches to Disease Resistance in Ornamental Crops

Abstract Viral, bacterial, and fungal diseases of ornamental plants cause major losses in productivity and quality. Chemical methods are available for control of fungal diseases, and to a lesser extent for bacterial diseases, but there are no economically effective chemical controls for viral diseases except to control vector species. Host plant resistance is an effective means of controlling plant diseases, and minimizing the necessity for the application of pesticides; however, there are many ornamentals in which no natural disease resistance is available. It is possible to introduce resistance derived from other species, or even from the pathogen itself, by genetic engineering. This allows the introduction of specific, or in some instances broad spectrum, disease resistance into plant genotypes that have been selected for desirable horticultural characters; in contrast, introduction of natural resistance by traditional breeding may take many cycles of breeding to combine disease resistance with desirab...
Self-regulation, ego depletion, and inhibition

Inhibition is a major form of self-regulation. As such, it depends on self-awareness and comparing oneself to standards and is also susceptible to fluctuations in willpower resources. Ego depletion is the state of reduced willpower caused by prior exertion of self-control. Ego depletion undermines inhibition both because restraints are weaker and because urges are felt more intensely than usual. Conscious inhibition of desires is a pervasive feature of everyday life and may be a requirement of life in civilized, cultural society, and in that sense it goes to the evolved core of human nature. Intentional inhibition not only restrains antisocial impulses but can also facilitate optimal performance, such as during test taking. Self-regulation and ego depletion- may also affect less intentional forms of inhibition, even chronic tendencies to inhibit. Broadly stated, inhibition is necessary for human social life and nearly all societies encourage and enforce it.
Protein and cell membrane iodinations with a sparingly soluble chloroamide, 1,3,4,6-tetrachloro-3a,6a-diphrenylglycoluril.

Abstract Films of 1,3,4,6-tetrachloro-3a,6a-diphenylglycoluril (conveniently “plated” in reaction vessels from methylene chloride solution) react rapidly in the solid phase with aqueous mixtures of I − and proteins to yield iodinated proteins. Similarly applied, this reagent brings about iodination of cell membranes, although, apparently, at a somewhat lesser rate than in iodinations carried out with lactoperoxidase-glucose oxidase. The stability and sparing solubility of this chloroglycoluril in water can account for the minimal damage to proteins and living cells observed in these iodinations; further, these properties allow for elimination of the reduction step employed at the close of iodinations with soluble chloroamides such as chloramine-T.
On the Information-Theoretic Capacity of the Magnetic Recording Channel

In this lecture, recent advances in the computation of the information-theoretic capacity of magnetic recording channels are reviewed. Capacity estimates are compared to densities achieved using advanced coding and detection methods. Extensions to more realistic channel models, as well as to exploratory storage technologies are also considered.
Heat-Conduction Problems in Presses Used for Gluing of Wood

The application of heat-flow equations to the heat-flow problems in wood-gluing presses is considered. By means of a transmission-line analogy, the solution of heat-flow problems with internally generated heat is greatly simplified. The general equation is set up and applied specifically to the problem of radio-frequency heating of wood, while the wood is contained between two cool plates. Comparison of this type of heating with the usual hot-plate-press method reveals important advantages for the radio-frequency method. The formulas developed have been illustrated by means of curves based upon the constants of wood. However, the general equations apply as well to the heating of any other insulating material, where the heating by radio frequency is done by essentially a dielectric-loss phenomena.
Double dissociation of conditioning and declarative knowledge relative to the amygdala and hippocampus in humans

A patient with selective bilateral damage to the amygdala did not acquire conditioned autonomic responses to visual or auditory stimuli but did acquire the declarative facts about which visual or auditory stimuli were paired with the unconditioned stimulus. By contrast, a patient with selective bilateral damage to the hippocampus failed to acquire the facts but did acquire the conditioning. Finally, a patient with bilateral damage to both amygdala and hippocampal formation acquired neither the conditioning nor the facts. These findings demonstrate a double dissociation of conditioning and declarative knowledge relative to the human amygdala and hippocampus.
Atomic force mechanobiology of pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes

We describe a method using atomic force microscopy (AFM) to quantify the mechanobiological properties of pluripotent, stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, including contraction force, rate, duration, and cellular elasticity. We measured beats from cardiomyocytes derived from induced pluripotent stem cells of healthy subjects and those with dilated cardiomyopathy, and from embryonic stem cell lines. We found that our AFM method could quantitate beat forces of single cells and clusters of cardiomyocytes. We demonstrate the dose-responsive, inotropic effect of norepinephrine and beta-adrenergic blockade of metoprolol. Cardiomyocytes derived from subjects with dilated cardiomyopathy showed decreased force and decreased cellular elasticity compared to controls. This AFM-based method can serve as a screening tool for the development of cardiac-active pharmacological agents, or as a platform for studying cardiomyocyte biology.
Gamma-irradiated human skin allograft: a potential treatment modality for lower extremity ulcers

Gamma-irradiated human skin allograft consists of epidermis and dermis. Unlike bioengineered tissues which require cold storage and timely use once received from the manufacturer, gamma-irradiated human skin allograft can be stored for as long as 24 months at room temperature. This modality is applied in a fashion similar to that of bioengineered skin grafts. In this article, we present case studies with concise reviews of the available evidence to discuss the potential use of gamma-irradiated human skin allograft on wounds in the lower extremity.
Effects of a Systems Change Model to Respond to Patients Experiencing Partner Violence in Primary Care Medical Settings

Using an 18-month longitudinal follow-up of women receiving healthcare at intervention clinics compared to control clinics, the present study tested four hypotheses related to the effectiveness of a systems change intervention on intimate partner violence (IPV) inquiry, violence reduction and the health and wellbeing of women patients in family medicine clinics. The study also examined participants’ views of the benefits and harms of IPV inquiry. Results showed that the intervention increased IPV inquiry, discussion, and disclosure compared to usual care. Women in intervention clinics made fewer doctor visits, but also received more prescriptions over time. The groups did not differ in change in physical violence, use of safety plans and strategies, connection to the community, patient satisfaction, or quality of health. Over the course of the study, both the intervention and usual care groups adopted more safety behaviors and experienced less violence, suggesting that participating in research interviews may have constituted an unintentional intervention. Small sample size (N = 34), low participation rate (32 %) and attrition (35 %) call for caution in interpreting these results.
Tournaisian-Visean brachiopods from the Gancaohu area of Southern Tienshan Mountains, Xinjiang, NW China

A brachiopod fauna spanning the Tournaisian-Visean boundary is reported from the Southern Tienshan Mountains of Xinjiang, NW China. This fauna exhibits strong generic and specific links with coeval North American faunas. The present fauna is of close affinity with those of the northern Tienshan and Junggar Basin rather than that of the Tarim Basin. Biogeographically, the southern and northern Tienshan areas belong to the Tienshan-Hinggan Province of the Boreal Realm during the Tournaisian and Visean, while the adjacent Tarim Basin belongs to the Tethyan Province of the Tethyan Realm, which differs from the conclusions of previous studies. Two now species are proposed: Spirifer (Spirifer) gancaohuensis and Kitakamithyris karatagensis.
Streamlined Processes for the Synthesis of a Farnesyl Transferase Inhibitor Drug Candidate

As part of a fast-paced oncology program, quinolinone 1 was discovered and developed as a potent inhibitor of farnesyl transferase for the treatment of cancer. The initial synthesis, which suffered from a lengthy linear sequence and a late-stage chromatographic resolution, was deemed not amenable to large-scale production. While investigating alternate routes to address these issues, the original synthesis was successively improved and streamlined. This enabled route supplied the timely production of drug substance required to support early toxicological and clinical studies. Several iterations of the process were made, and as a result of these improvements, an efficient four-step sequence was developed for the synthesis of quinolinone d-tartrate 2 starting from readily available outsourced intermediate 5 in 26% overall yield, including a classical resolution. The key features of the synthesis include a Castro−Stevens coupling, an imidazole Grignard addition, and a concomitant classical resolution/final s...
Can models of scientific software-hardware interactions be predictive?

Abstract Sparse scientific codes face grave performance challenges as memory bandwidth limitations grow on multi-core architectures. We investigate the memory behavior of a key sparse scientific kernel and study model-driven performance evaluation in this scope. We propose the Coupled Reuse-Cache Model (CRC Model), to enable multilevel cache performance analysis of parallel sparse codes. Our approach builds separate probabilistic application and hardware models, which are coupled to discover unprecedented insight into software-hardware interactions in the cache hierarchy. We evaluate our model's predictive performance with the pervasive sparse matrix-vector product kernel, using 1 to 16 cores and multiple cache configurations. For multi-core setups, average L1 and L2 prediction errors are within 3% and 6% respectively.
High-Throughput Screening of Effective siRNAs Using Luciferase-Linked Chimeric mRNA

The use of siRNAs to knock down gene expression can potentially be an approach to treat various diseases. To avoid siRNA toxicity the less transcriptionally active H1 pol III promoter, rather than the U6 promoter, was proposed for siRNA expression. To identify highly efficacious siRNA sequences, extensive screening is required, since current computer programs may not render ideal results. Here, we used CCR5 gene silencing as a model to investigate a rapid and efficient screening approach. We constructed a chimeric luciferase-CCR5 gene for high-throughput screening of siRNA libraries. After screening approximately 900 shRNA clones, 12 siRNA sequences were identified. Sequence analysis demonstrated that most (11 of the 12 sequences) of these siRNAs did not match those identified by available siRNA prediction algorithms. Significant inhibition of CCR5 in a T-lymphocyte cell line and primary T cells by these identified siRNAs was confirmed using the siRNA lentiviral vectors to infect these cells. The inhibition of CCR5 expression significantly protected cells from R5 HIV-1JRCSF infection. These results indicated that the high-throughput screening method allows efficient identification of siRNA sequences to inhibit the target genes at low levels of expression.
Xenon CT: quantitativeand anatomical cerebral blood flow

Xenon-CT has provided neurosurgery with effective and reliable technology to measure regional cerebral blood flow. The application to cerebrovascular disease (aneurysm, arteriovenous malformation, balloon occlusion test), hydrocephalus, tumor, head injury, and post-surgical changes on cerebral blood flow have been evaluated.
Stress and Displacement Estimates for Arches

This paper presents analytical estimates of the behavior exhibited by curved, archlike structures under radially directed and gravitational line loads. The behavior is shown to range from elementary beam bending at one end to a state of pure compression at the other, and its behavior can be tracked by an arch rise parameter that is a function of the arch’s semivertex angle, radius and thickness. The principal results are useful estimates of the dependence of the major displacements and stress resultants on the arch rise parameter. The results also offer some insight into the assumptions underlying Robert Maillart’s arch designs.
The Impact Of Writing Assignments In Business Education: Toward A Competitive Advantage In The Workplace

Twenty-first century organizations are increasingly becoming global information networks where the emphasis on written communication is growing exponentially. Effective writing skills are becoming more essential to workplace success and thus a central focus in business programs across the country. This article addresses writing issues in business education and how they relate to effective workplace writing. The article focuses on three essential factors - teaching writing to international students, faculty attitudes, and workplace writing and how each of these aid in producing students with the effective writing skills that add value to their potential employers.
Competition for nodulation of soybean by Bradyrhizobium japonicum 123 and 138 in Missouri soil

Seed inoculation often fails to increase soybean yields due to highly competitive native populations of rhizobia. We have sought to characterize indigenous serogroups capable of nodulating soybeans in Missouri soil and to measure the competitiveness of peat-formulations of B. Japonicum strains 123 (serogroup 123) and 138 (serogroup c1) in the soil.
Surgical correction of thumb deformities in spastic paralysis.

Twenty-eight patients with thumb deformity associated with spastic paralysis were selected, carefully evaluated, operated upon, and followed by the authors in a prospective clinical study. The most common thumb deformity was an adduction contracture of the thumb combined with an imbalance between the flexor and extensor mechanisms. Different surgical procedures were used depending upon the nature and degree of deformity and, above all, upon the needs of the patient. The most commonly used procedures were, first, a Z-plasty of the first web space to gain access to the contracted or spastic adductor mechanism and simultaneously to release the skin contracture and, second, a transfer of the flexor carpi radialis to the insertion of abductor pollicis longus, through a pulley constructed in the abductor pollicis brevis to gain abductor power. Analysis of results showed that grasp was the most effective function achieved: four-fifths of the patients gained grasp; one-fifth of the patients, pulp-to-pulp pinch; three-fifths, key pinch; all retaining a mobile thumb. The poorest functional results occurred in those patients with a previously fused wrist, although this did not preclude a good result. All patients, except those with opponensplasties, were rated improved in appearance.
Progressive loss of CD8+ T cell-mediated control of a gamma-herpesvirus in the absence of CD4+ T cells

A unique experimental model has been developed for dissecting the integrity of CD8+ T cell-mediated immunity to a persistent gammaherpesvirus under conditions of CD4+ T cell deficiency. Respiratory challenge of major histocompatibility complex class II -/- and +/+ C57BL/6J mice with the murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV-68) leads to productive infection of both lung and adrenal epithelial cells. Virus titers peak within 5-10 d, and are no longer detected after day 15. Persistent, latent infection is established concurrently in splenic and lymph node B cells, with higher numbers of MHV-68+ lymphocytes being found in all lymphoid sites analyzed from the +/+ mice concurrent with the massive, but transient splenomegaly that occurred only in this group. From day 17, however, the numbers of infected B lymphocytes were consistently higher in the -/- group, while the frequency of this population diminished progressively in the +/+ controls. Infectious MHV-68 was again detected in the respiratory tract and the adrenals of the -/- (but not the +/+) mice from day 22 after infection. The titers in these sites rose progressively, with the majority of the -/- mice dying between days 120 and 133. Even so, some CD8+ effectors were still functioning as late as 100 d after infection. Depletion of CD8+ T cells at this stage led to higher virus titers in the -/- lung, and to the development of wasting in some of the -/- mice. Elimination of the CD8+ T cells from the +/+ group (day 80) increased the numbers of MHV-68+ cells in the spleen, but did not reactivate the infection in the respiratory tract. The results are consistent with the interpretation that CD8+ T cell-mediated control of this persistent gammaherpesvirus is progressively lost in the absence of the CD4+ T cell subset. This parallels what may be happening in AIDS patients who develop Kaposi's sarcoma and various Epstein Barr virus associated disease processes.
Does Outsourcing Really Improve Firm Performance? Empirical Evidence and Research Agenda

The phenomenon of outsourcing has spawned a rich body of scholarly work in the last two decades. Yet, the answer to one important question has remained elusive: Does outsourcing really improve firm performance? Addressing this question is important as firms across nations continue to embark on the practice of outsourcing to save operating costs and remain competitive. Scholars, practitioners and policy-makers need to understand whether and how outsourcing benefits the firm. However, no comprehensive review of empirical evidence has been published so far that can address this question. This study reviews 57 empirical research articles that investigated the outsourcing–firm performance relationship in 47 peer-reviewed scholarly journals over a 20-year time-span (1996–2015). The articles differ widely in research scope, context, level of analysis, data source, time-span, industry sector, extent of outsourcing and measure of performance. The findings suggest that outsourcing can produce positive, negative, mixed, moderated or no significant impact on the firm. This study also provides useful directions for future research on outsourcing and firm performance.