cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Isolation and characterization of genomic clones corresponding to the human type II procollagen gene.

Abstract A recombinant human DNA library was screened using probes corresponding to the chick alpha 1 (II) procollagen gene. This resulted in the isolation of 2 different genomic clones, LgHCol(II)a and LgHCol(II)b. LgHCol(II)a was identified as corresponding to the alpha 1(II) gene by comparative hybridization and DNA sequence analysis. DNA sequence established that LgHCol(II)a extends at least from amino acid 694 of the triple helix through 54 amino acids of the COOH-propeptide. Hybridization with a probe containing only the exon at the 3' end of the chicken gene suggests that the clone contains the 3' end of the human gene. Thus LgHCol(II)a contains approximately 40% of the coding sequences of the human type II collagen gene.
Douglas C. Frechtling: promoting research excellence

I am honoured to have the opportunity to highlight the scholarly accomplishments of Doug Frechtling whom I have known for 44 years. Doug was born in Washington, DC in 1943, and grew up in the DC me...
Recent Advances in Optical Rheometry

Optical techniques in rheometry continue to be developed to explore new microstructural dynamics in a variety of complex fluid systems. In this presentation, the application of dichroism is emphasized and is used to investigate a wide range of systems ranging from thin polymer films, to miscible and immiscible polymer blends. Dichroism is defined as the polarization-dependent attenuation of light transmitted through a material. Because of structural anisotropies induced by flow, most materials will produce dichroism by either absorption or scattering processes. The use of standard polarization modulation techniques makes it possible to acquire very sensitive, time-dependent measurements of these phenomena. Although the same optical arrangements can be used for either source of dichroism, different light sources are normally required: visible sources for scattering dichroism and often ultraviolet or infrared sources in the case of absorptive dichroism.
The Origins of Faculty Development in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics

Faculty development is an all-encompassing term. The intent is to provide or improve participants’ knowledge and skills in areas that are essential to succeeding and advancing as a faculty member at an institution of higher education. With the history of faculty development as a background, the chapter reviews the influences, writings, resources, and philosophies that led the way to a national workshop model for providing women in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) with the information and skills to move to a tenured position.
Plasma Anti-Müllerian Hormone Concentrations and Risk of Breast Cancer among Premenopausal Women in the Nurses' Health Studies

Background: Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) is a member of the TGFβ family of growth and differentiation factors with a key role in regulating folliculogenesis. In experimental studies, using supraphysiologic concentrations, AMH inhibits breast cancer growth. However, high levels of AMH were associated with increased breast cancer risk in two prior prospective epidemiologic studies. Methods: We conducted a nested case–control study of premenopausal plasma AMH and breast cancer risk within the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and NHSII. In NHS, 32,826 women donated blood samples in 1989–1990; in NHSII, 29,611 women donated samples in 1996–1999. After blood collection and before February 2004 (NHS) or July 2010 (NHSII), 539 cases were diagnosed among women premenopausal at diagnosis, and were matched 1:1 to controls. ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using unconditional logistic regression, adjusting for matching and breast cancer risk factors. Results: Higher plasma levels of AMH were associated with increased breast cancer risk (top vs. bottom quintile multivariate OR, 2.20; 95% CI, 1.34–3.63; P trend = 0.001). The association did not vary by invasive versus in situ disease or by estrogen receptor status. Associations were not significantly different by age at blood or diagnosis. Further adjustment for plasma estradiol or testosterone yielded similar results. Conclusions: Higher circulating AMH levels are associated with increased breast cancer risk among premenopausal women. Impact: The significant positive association between premenopausal plasma AMH levels and subsequent breast cancer risk before menopause suggests AMH may be useful as a marker of breast cancer risk in younger women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(5); 854–60. ©2016 AACR .
Understanding Tobacco Use Behaviors Among African Americans: Progress, Critical Gaps, and Opportunities

Introduction Although multiple factors likely influence the differences between African Americans (AAs) and whites in cardiovascular disease and lung cancer mortality rates, historical patterns of tobacco use, particularly cigarette smoking, are the major contributors. This issue of Nicotine & Tobacco Research presents original research, a review, and commentaries that will serve to advance our understanding of several relevant behavioral similarities and differences between AAs and whites. Behavioral analysis Here, we illustrate how the diverging trends in cigarette smoking between AA and white high school seniors observed since the mid-1970s were influenced by patterns of ever use and current use among ever users. During 1977 to 2014, the percentage of current users among ever users was higher, but less variable, among whites than AAs. Among adults, trends in self-reported cigarette smoking among non-Hispanic AAs and non-Hispanic whites are available since 1978. The trends observed were likely due in part to the maturation of the high school senior cohorts from the 1970s and 1980s when AA smoking rates declined sharply relative to whites. Later age of initiation among AAs and less quitting among older AAs, relative to whites, also contribute. Conclusions Further research on multiple topics, including the continuation of use among ever users, use of multiple combusted and noncombusted products, provision of cessation support services, influence of discrimination, and validity of self-report would expand the science base. Strategies to reduce the marketing and availability of menthol and other characterizing flavorings and to enrich environments would promote the public's health.
Crosstalk noise analysis of simultaneous-source full wavefield inversion

We analyze the effect of random encoding sequences on simultaneous-source full wavefield inversion (FWI) as a function of code length. The simultaneous-source method causes two artifacts in the FWI gradients compared to the gradients obtained in the conventional manner of stacking the gradients computed for each shot. One originates from the encoding of the seismic data by random sequences, and the other from the stacking of the encoded seismic data. We show that the effect of the code length on the former is more significant than that on the latter due to distortion of the frequency bands in the seismic data. The encoding sequences of ±1 in Krebs et al. (2009) does not distort the frequency band of the data, and does not increase the computational cost compared to the longer encoding sequences, and so provides better performance when compared to longer encoding sequences.
Abstract 5013: FOXP3 is an X-linked prostate tumor suppressor gene that represses MYC

Despite clear epidemiological and genetic evidence for X-linked prostate cancer risk, all prostate cancer genes identified are autosomal. Here we report somatic inactivating mutations and deletion of the X-linked FOXP3 gene in human prostate cancer. We first evaluated expression of FOXP3 in both normal and prostate tissue and a reduced FOXP3 expression was wide-spread among prostate cancer samples. We then used fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and determined the deletion of the FOXP3 in the 14% prostate cancer tissues. Our sequencing analyses identified single base-pair changes in 5/20 prostate cancer samples and these somatic mutations of the FOXP3 are functionally inactivating. Lineage-specific ablation of FoxP3 in the mouse prostate epithelial cells leads to prostate hyperplasia and prostate intraepithelial neoplasia. The targeted mutation of the FoxP3 in prostate tissue is sufficient to initiate the process of prostate cancer development. In both normal and malignant prostate tissues, FOXP3 is both necessary and sufficient to transcriptionally repress cMYC, the most commonly over-expressed oncogene in prostate cancer as well as among the aggregates of other cancers. FOXP3 is the first X-linked prostate tumor suppressor in the male. Since the male has only one X chromosome, our data represents a new paradigm of “single-genetic-hit” inactivation-mediated carcinogenesis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5013.
NEM inhibits transcytosis, endocytosis, and capillary permeability: implication of caveolae fusion in endothelia

Various vesicular carriers transport select molecular cargo between intracellular compartments utilizing a budding mechanism with docking and fusion of individual vesicles with their target membranes. This fusion requires key intracellular component(s) that are sensitive to alkylation with N-ethylmaleimide (NEM). In endothelium, caveolae may mediate endocytosis and transcytosis of select macromolecules. If caveolae utilize a mechanism similar to other vesicular carriers, then their transport should also be sensitive to NEM. The following tracers were chosen based on their pathway specificity: 1) albumin-gold complexes (A-Au) that bind gp30 and gp18 for endocytosis by caveolae, 2) native albumin that binds albondin and is transported by caveolae, 3) ferritin as a fluid-phase probe transcytosed by caveolae, and 4) inulin as a paracellular probe. In culture, NEM significantly inhibited A-Au uptake and delivery to endosomes but not endothelial cell surface binding. In rat lung, NEM reduced capillary permeability to albumin and the tissue uptake of ferritin and A-Au, but not inulin, indicating inhibition of caveolae-mediated but not paracellular transport. Neutral but not charged alkylating agents inhibited A-Au uptake, consistent with their relative abilities to cross membranes and modify intracellular factors. Like other vesicular pathways, endothelial caveolae transport their select ligands utilizing a NEM-sensitive mechanism, apparently requiring vesicle-membrane fusion.
Is there an effect of ghrelin/ghrelin analogs on cancer? A systematic review

Ghrelin is a hormone with multiple physiologic functions, including promotion of growth hormone release, stimulation of appetite and regulation of energy homeostasis. Treatment with ghrelin/ghrelin-receptor agonists is a prospective therapy for disease-related cachexia and malnutrition. In vitro studies have shown high expression of ghrelin in cancer tissue, although its role including its impact in cancer risk and progression has not been established. We performed a systematic literature review to identify peer-reviewed human or animal in vivo original research studies of ghrelin, ghrelin-receptor agonists, or ghrelin genetic variants and the risk, presence, or growth of cancer using structured searches in PubMed database as well as secondary searches of article reference lists, additional reviews and meta-analyses. Overall, 45 (73.8%) of the 61 studies reviewed, including all 11 involving exogenous ghrelin/ghrelin-receptor agonist treatment, reported either a null (no statistically significant difference) or inverse association of ghrelin/ghrelin-receptor agonists or ghrelin genetic variants with cancer risk, presence or growth; 10 (16.7%) studies reported positive associations; and 6 (10.0%) reported both negative or null and positive associations. Differences in serum ghrelin levels in cancer cases vs controls (typically lower) were reported for some but not all cancers. The majority of in vivo studies showed a null or inverse association of ghrelin with risk and progression of most cancers, suggesting that ghrelin/ghrelin-receptor agonist treatment may have a favorable safety profile to use for cancer cachexia. Additional large-scale prospective clinical trials as well as basic bioscientific research are warranted to further evaluate the safety and benefits of ghrelin treatment in patients with cancer.
Prader-Willi Syndrome in Neonates

A retrospective study of 16 patients identifying physical features of neonates with Prader-Willi syndrome is reported from the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI and Section of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson.
Applicative Personalized Learning: How Gamification is Driving Learning

As technology has advanced, educational establishments are faced with this question: Are we investing enough funds and resources to provide college students with effective learning tools that could help them succeed not only by alerting them when they are at risk, but also providing them with personalized remedies while studying? Recently, students became more familiar with the notion of recommendation systems through their experience with social media tools, but does education fit this paradigm? In this paper, the authors review the recent advancement of technologies in personalized learning. They also examine the role of course redesigning where instructors can teach students what they need to learn as effectively as possible while tailoring their feedback to students based on automated performance dashboards with the highest granularity level as needed.
Experimental and theoretical insight into the effect of fluorine substituents on the properties of azine linked covalent organic frameworks

Herein we report a combined experimental and computational study on the effect of fluorine atom incorporation on the materials properties of azine-linked COFs. We found that increasing the ratio of fluorinated to non-fluorinated monomers led to substantial improvements in both crystallinity and porosity. Computational models suggest that this improvement might be explained by a substantial energetic stabilization in the face-to-face stacking interaction of the fluorinated COF monomers.
Quantitative studies in skin testing: IV. The volume-response relationship

Abstract 1.1. A syringe has been described which has served for the accurate endermal administration of small volumes of fluid. 2.2. A method for obtaining accurate outlines of wheal areas has been described. 3.3. The relationship between average maximum wheal diameters and wheal areas has been quantitatively studied. The importance of the volume injected of an allergen has been quantitatively evaluated and the necessity for its control stressed.
A mangrove creek restoration plan utilizing hydraulic modeling

Despite the valuable ecosystem services provided by mangrove ecosystems they remain threatened around the globe. Urban development has been a primary cause for mangrove destruction and deterioration in south Florida USA for the last several decades. As a result, the restoration of mangrove forests has become an important topic of research. Using field sampling and remote-sensing we assessed the past and present hydrologic conditions of a mangrove creek and its connected mangrove forest and brackish marsh systems located on the coast of Naples Bay in southwest Florida. We concluded that the hydrology of these connected systems had been significantly altered from its natural state due to urban development. We propose here a mangrove creek restoration plan that would extend the existing creek channel 1.1 km inland through the adjacent mangrove forest and up to an adjacent brackish marsh. We then tested the hydrologic implications using a hydraulic model of the mangrove creek calibrated with tidal data from Naples Bay and water levels measured within the creek. The calibrated model was then used to simulate the resulting hydrology of our proposed restoration plan. Simulation results showed that the proposed creek extension would restore a twice-daily flooding regime to a majority of the adjacent mangrove forest and that there would still be minimal tidal influence on the brackish marsh area, keeping its salinity at an acceptable level. This study demonstrates the utility of combining field data and hydraulic modeling to aid in the design of mangrove restoration plans.
The Cloud: A Critical Smart City Asset

This chapter discusses the origins and structure of “the Cloud ” as well as its role in the emerging “smart city” phenomenon. The “Cloud” existed from the moment the Internet was created. The pervasive, global presence of data and computing resources “somewhere out there” in an Internet-based datacenter is the foundation of cloud computing. The worldwide expansion of wireless Internet access now provides immediate storage, retrieval, and processing of information from arbitrary sources. As cities implement “smart” technologies and processes, access to “the Cloud” will enable the creation of distributed, personal, and autonomous services with ramifications far beyond today’s Internet.
Physical abuse victimization and violence in the transition to adulthood: the mediating role of alcohol and drug use

ABSTRACTIn the present paper we examine the association between physical abuse victimization in childhood and violent criminal behavior in the transition from adolescence to adulthood (TAA). Of central interest is whether that association is indirect, through the impact of abuse victimization on alcohol and drug use. We employ a statistical test for indirect effects, using a design that also applies Savage and Wozniak’s (2016) “differential etiology of violence” standard. The data suggest that the effect of physical abuse on violence in the TAA is partially indirect, mediated by alcohol and drug use. A control for nonviolent offending is applied to build confidence that the dynamic between abuse victimization and substance use is a differential predictor of violence.
Environmental effects on ductile-phase toughening in Nb5Si3-Nb composites

A variety of materials have been toughened via the addition of a ductile phase. Brittle silicide intermetallics such as Nb5Si3 have been significantly toughened by niobium particles incorporated during in-situ processing techniques. In the work described here, toughness tests conducted on Nb5Si3 were monitored in a scanning electron microscope to view the process of toughening provided by the niobium particles. In particular, the behavior of the ductile phase was monitored and related to the toughness obtained. In an attempt to vary the behavior of the ductile phase, the composite materials were exposed to a variety of gaseous environments and subsequently tested in air. The resulting toughness, resistance-curve behavior, and in-situ results highlight the importance of the behavior of the ductile phase on subsequent properties.
Estimating the location of a nuclear source in a three-dimensional environment using a two-stage adaptive algorithm

The problem of locating the source of radioactive emissions using a network of drones fitted with radiation sensors is considered. Estimating the three-dimensional location of a nuclear source is especially difficult in environments in which no sensor can be placed in close proximity to the source. In this paper, a two-stage adaptive algorithm is proposed. In the first stage the drones sit at the center of a building's faces and an approximate location of the radiation source is obtained. Based on the results of the first stage, in the second stage the drones move to additional locations to collect more data. The data from both stages is utilized to obtain a more accurate estimate of the location of the radiation source.
Network management solution for the next generation networks

The rapid development of the Information Technology (IT) and the introduction of new technologies have provided new possibilities for Telecommunications and Networking (T&N). Next Generation Networks (NGN) are characterized by increasing complexity, intelligence, heterogeneous technologies, multitude of vendor products and increasing user expectations from the networks. Simple and empirical Network Management (NM) of the previous years was replaced by homogeneous standards using the Manager/Agent (Client/Server) approach proposed by International Standards Organization (ISO). Afterwards new principles of management by delegation, peer-to-peer management and Web-based approaches emerged. However, carrying out the Fault, Configuration, Accounting, Performance and Security (FCAPS) functional areas for Network Management in NGN will require new approaches. In this paper, we have presented Network Management Solution for the Next Generation Networks. The goal is to develop a solution for Operations and Business Support Systems (OSS/BSS) based on Telecommunications Management Network (TMN) architecture with flexible, intelligent, and brilliant capabilities in Network Management, Customer Care and Billing (CC&B), Provisioning, Ordering, Service Level Agreements (SLAs), and Business Level Strategic Management for the existing and Next Generation Networks.
Origin of polar nanoregions and relaxor properties of ferroelectrics

In spite of more than 60 years of research, hundreds of publications, and dramatic influence on properties, the driving force of the formation of the polar nanoregion (PNR) in the paraelectric phase of perovskite ferroelectrics and consequent relaxor properties remains uncertain. We show that these peculiar features follow directly from the vibronic, pseudo-Jahn-Teller (PJT) theory of ferroelectricity. Due to the higher disorder (and entropy) in the paraelectric phase (created by the local PJT dynamics), as compared with the polarized phase (where the PJT dynamics is partially quenched), a small PNR of the latter with $n$ unit cells is formed in a dipole-alignment self-assembly process. It emerges encapsulated by a border layer with intermedium ordering that produces ``surface tension'' and limits its size. The thermodynamic equilibrium between the PNR and the bulk cubic phase at temperatures ${T}_{n}$, well above the phase transition ${T}_{\mathrm{C}}$, is reached by compensation of the excessive entropy contribution ${T}_{n}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}S$ with ordering energy and the work against this surface tension. The calculations based on the vibronic theory, including the PJT induced local dipolar dynamics and intercell interactions, yield the size of PNR as a function of the temperature increments ${T}_{n}\ensuremath{-}{T}_{\mathrm{C}}$ and some crystal parameters. In accordance with experimental data, the size of the emerging PNR decreases with temperature, $n\ensuremath{\sim}{({T}_{n}\ensuremath{-}{T}_{\mathrm{C}})}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$, becoming undetectable at the Burns temperature ${T}_{\mathrm{B}}$. At temperatures ${T}_{f}$, nearer to the phase transition, the sizes of PNRs grow rapidly, and their interaction leads to the formation of the nonergodic (glasslike) phase.
From Loss Aversion to Loss Acceptance: Context Effects on Loss Aversion in Risky Choice

This research identifies an important moderator of loss aversion in a risky choice context, and presents evidence that loss aversion in risky choice is context-dependent. Three studies show that people expect a loss to be less painful when the magnitude of the loss is much less than a salient alternative (e.g., people expect losing $10 to be less painful when they consider losing $100 than when they consider losing $1). As a consequence, people are more willing to accept a gamble offering an equal chance to win or lose a fixed amount of money when the context causes them to consider wager amounts that are much larger. This research may help explain why even typically loss averse people may gamble at casinos, and why people are willing to accept sure losses to avoid a very small chance to lose a very large amount.
Assessing epistemological beliefs of experts and novices via practices in authentic science inquiry

Achieving science literacy requires learning disciplinary knowledge, science practices, and development of sophisticated epistemological beliefs about the nature of science and science knowledge. Although sophisticated epistemological beliefs about science are important for attaining science literacy, students’ beliefs are difficult to assess. Previous work suggested that students’ epistemological beliefs about science are best assessed in the context of engagement in science practices, such as argumentation or inquiry. In this paper, we propose a novel method for examining students’ epistemological beliefs about science situated in authentic science inquiry or their Epistemology in Authentic Science Inquiry (EASI). As a first step towards developing this assessment, we performed a novice/expert study to characterize practices within a simulated authentic science inquiry experience provided by Science Classroom Inquiry (SCI) simulations. Our analyses indicated that experts and novices, as defined by their experience with authentic science practices, had distinct practices in SCI simulations. For example, experts, as compared to novices, spent much of their investigations seeking outside information, which is consistent with novice/expert studies in engineering. We also observed that novice practices existed on a continuum, with some appearing more-or less expert-like. Furthermore, pre-test performance on established metrics of nature of science was predictive of practices within the simulation. Since performance on pre-test metrics of nature of science was predictive of practices, and since there were distinct expert or novice-like practices, it may be possible to use practices in simulated authentic science inquiry as a proxy for student’s epistemological beliefs. Given than novices existed on a continuum, this could facilitate the development of targeted science curriculum tailored to the needs of a particular group of students. This study indicates how educational technologies, such as simulated authentic science inquiry, can be harnessed to examine difficult to assess, but important, constructs such as epistemology.
Homogenization of breast MRI across imaging centers and feature analysis using unsupervised deep embedding

We propose an intensity-based technique to homogenize dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCEMRI) data acquired at six institutions. A total of 234 T1-weighted MRI volumes acquired at the peak kinetic curve were obtained for study of the homogenization and unsupervised deep-learning feature extraction techniques. The homogenization uses reference regions of adipose breast tissue since they are less susceptible to variations due to cancer and contrast medium. For the homogenization, the moments of the distribution of reference pixel intensities across the cases were matched and the remaining intensity distributions were matched accordingly. A deep stacked autoencoder with six convolutional layers was trained to reconstruct a 128×128 MRI slice and to extract a latent space of 1024 dimensions. We used the latent space from the stacked autoencoder to extract deep embedding features that represented the global and local structures of the imaging data. An analysis using spectral embedding of the latent space shows that, before homogenization the dominating factor was the dependency on the imaging center; after homogenization the histograms of the cases between different centers were matched and the center dependency was reduced. The results of feature analysis indicate that the proposed homogenization approach may lessen the effects of different imaging protocols and scanners in MRI, which may then allow more consistent quantitative analysis of radiomic information across patients and improve the generalizability of machine learning methods across different clinical sites. Further study is underway to evaluate the performance of machine learning models with and without image homogenization.
Balloon Sinuplasty in Pediatric Rhinosinusitis

Balloon catheter dilation (BCD) is increasingly utilized as an adjunct to adenoidectomy or functional endoscopic sinus surgery in the surgical management of pediatric chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). The goal of this review is to analyze existing evidence for the efficacy of BCD in treating pediatric CRS. We also assess expanded indications of BCD such as acute complications of sinusitis or surgery for critically ill patients. Pearls and pitfalls of the technique are discussed. BCD shows potential as an effective adjuvant procedure in addition to adenoidectomy and as a stand-alone procedure. Multiple studies have shown its safety; however, studies on efficacy have been limited by lack of randomized control. BCD is safe and an important addition to the surgical treatment of selected pediatric CRS. Further randomized controlled studies are necessary to clearly define the efficacy of BCD as an adjuvant or stand-alone procedure in the management of pediatric CRS and to investigate expanded indications.
Exploiting models for scalable and high throughput distributed software

In high-throughput distributed applications, such as large-scale banking systems, synchronization between objects becomes a bottleneck. This short paper focusses on research, in close collaboration with ING Bank, on the opportunity of leveraging application specific knowledge captured by model driven engineering approaches, to increase application performance in high-contention scenarios, while maintaining functional application-level consistency.
Veteran and learner outcomes of interprofessional trainee-led group medical visits

Abstract Background Patient-centered primary care models encourage alternative methods of care delivery, including group medical visits (GMV). The Boise VA Medical Center conducted trainee-led GMV for patients with diabetes from 2013 to 2017. Purpose Patient-Aligned Care Teams in VA include implementation of GMV. Our aim was to address gaps in diabetes care while offering a novel clinical learning experience for interprofessional trainees. Methods Evaluation of patient and trainee participants in GMV from 2015 to 2017 was conducted. Patient data included HgA1c, systolic blood pressure, weight, and LDL cholesterol measurements. The Interprofessional Socialization and Valuing Scale (ISVS) assessed trainee attitudes about collaborative practice. Discussion Analysis of patient data showed improvements in HgA1c. Trainees demonstrated improved value, ability and comfort working with others. Conclusions GMV was associated with positive clinical outcomes in patients with diabetes. Participation in GMV during training may improve trainees’ collaborative attitudes and prepare them to plan, lead and execute GMVs in their future practice.
Constructivism: An Approach in Training Nursing Students in the Clinical Setting.

AbstractÂ Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Nurses are important in the society because of their soft and caring hands.Â Because of the changing needs and increase in demand of care, todayâ€™s generation nurses are expected to be critically thinking of their own to be effective without depending too much from the other health care team.Â Educators in the clinical setting have to utilize new teaching innovations that would create proficient nurses. Â This paper aims to display that constructivist approach will enable nursing students to deal with complex situations in the hospital through analysis, application, evaluation, and creation; increase motivation and autonomy in nursing care with critical decision making; confirms active construction of knowledge among nursing students using language based on past experiences; enhance communication among students that provide real world examples and will provide them with experience-based learning opportunities to practice.Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Student nurses are active learners in the clinical area because of their philosophy that their clientâ€™s health and well-being depends on their hands.Â This paper concludes that constructivist approach will create globally competent nursing students and enable them to deal with complex situations in the hospital through analysis, application, evaluation and creation with motivation and autonomy.Â It is the duty of the educators to enhance that skill by letting them actively construct knowledge using language based on past experiences, then context-rich.Â This kind of learning strategy will provide learners with experience-based learning opportunities to practice skilled with appropriate decision making process.Â Let us not waste what students know, instead, we save, preserve and add.Â Educators need to let these students feel that as early as internship, they are capable and competent in providing quality care.Â Therefore, guidance is needed and not directives.
The buildup of an urge in obsessive-compulsive disorder: Behavioral and neuroimaging correlates.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is highly heterogeneous. While obsessions often involve fear of harm, many patients report uncomfortable sensations and/or urges that drive repetitive behaviors in the absence of a specific fear. Prior work suggests that urges in OCD may be similar to everyday "urges-for-action" (UFA) such as the urge to blink, swallow, or scratch, but very little work has investigated the pathophysiology underlying urges in OCD. In the current study, we used an urge-to-blink approach to model sensory-based urges that could be experimentally elicited and compared across patients and controls using the same task stimuli. OCD patients and controls suppressed eye blinking over a period of 60 s, alternating with free blinking blocks, while brain activity was measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging. OCD patients showed significantly increased activation in several regions during the early phase of eyeblink suppression (first 30 s), including mid-cingulate, insula, striatum, parietal cortex, and occipital cortex, with lingering group differences in parietal and occipital regions during late eyeblink suppression (last 30 s). There were no differences in brain activation during free blinking blocks, and no conditions where OCD patients showed reduced activation compared to controls. In an exploratory analysis of blink counts performed in a subset of subjects, OCD patients were less successful than controls in suppressing blinks. These data indicate that OCD patients exhibit altered brain function and behavior when experiencing and suppressing the urge to blink, raising the possibility that the disorder is associated with a general abnormality in the UFA system that could ultimately be targeted by future treatments.
BEMPEDOIC ACID EFFICACY AND SAFETY IN HIGH CVD RISK PATIENTS TREATED WITH OR WITHOUT EZETIMIBE: POOLED ANALYSIS OF 4 PHASE 3 CLINICAL TRIALS

Combination therapy is often required to achieve sufficient low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) lowering and therapeutic goals in patients with hypercholesterolemia. Bempedoic acid (BA) is an investigational, ATP-citrate lyase inhibitor that has demonstrated efficacy when added to background
Development of an Institutional Periprocedural Management Guideline for Oral Anticoagulants.

Patients on oral anticoagulation commonly undergo surgery or other invasive procedures. Peri-procedural management of oral anticoagulants involves a careful balance of the thromboembolic risk and bleeding risk. To standardize clinical practice at our institution, we developed a guideline for peri-procedural management for patients taking oral anticoagulants that incorporates published data and expert opinion. In this article, we present our clinical practice guideline as a decision support tool to aid clinicians in developing a consistent strategy for managing peri-procedural management and for safely bridging anticoagulation in patients who require it.
Implementation of an Object-Oriented Concurrent Programming Language on a Multiprocessor System

In this paper, the design of an object-oriented concurrent programming language, ConcurrentCOB, and its implementation on a multiprocessor system are described. ConcurrentCOB is a concurrency extension to the object-oriented programming language COB. The design principle is that ConcurrentCOB should be a minimal extension to COB. The main feature of its runtime system is that it has a two-layered structure. The first layer provides concurrency of objects and communication between them. The second layer provides extra functions, such as memory management, based on the first layer. Results of an evaluation of the runtime system are discussed.
CHAPTER 2 – ROTATIONS

Publisher Summary This chapter defines rotation as a linear transformation that leaves the scalar product of two vectors invariant and whose determinant is +1. The invariance of a function refers to its dependence on the coordinates. All functions, whether invariant or not, yield the same value at any particular physical point provided the transformation from one coordinate system to another is carried out properly. The general rotation in three dimensions requires different parameters for its specification, although the parameters may be chosen in various ways. The direction of the rotation axis and the angle of rotation about that axis may be specified. Euler angles are used to discuss the rotational properties of the spherical harmonics.
IoT Cybersecurity based Smart Home Intrusion Prevention System

The Internet of Things (IoT) devices are becoming more popular in various domains such as e-Home, e-Health, e-Commerce, e-banking, e-Enterprises, e-Learning and e-Trafficking. The IoT is not only connecting computer and mobile devices, it also interconnects smart homes, buildings, companies and cities.With increased deployment of IoT devices in domestic smart home environment, the threats and challenges also need to be addressed in order to improve and build a secure and resilient cybersecurity based IoT smart infrastructure. Moreover, IoT smart environment tackles more security issues than traditional computer networks usually do. While many researchers are trying to explore the security challenges and open problems in smart home based IoT infrastructure, there is a lack of a systematic study of the security challenges in the IoT cybersecurity landscape. However, Smart home environment and IoT services will introduce significant security challenges due to the substantial increase in the number of computing resources, attack surface, communications infrastructure and attack rates. In this paper, we intent to fulfil this gap by executing the IoT cybersecurity-based attacks to detect the most critical attacks for smart home IoT end devices. At the same time, we present our intrusion prevention system methodology in order to protect the affected system from future attacks.
Perceptual detection depends on spike count integration

Whenever the retinal image changes some neurons in visual cortex increase their rate of firing, while others decrease their rate of firing. Linking specific sets of neuronal responses with perception and behavior is essential for understanding mechanisms of neural circuit computation. We trained mice to perform visual detection tasks and used optogenetic perturbations to increase or decrease neuronal spiking primary visual cortex (V1). Perceptual reports were always enhanced by increments in V1 spike counts and impaired by decrements, even when increments and decrements were delivered to the same neuronal populations. Moreover, detecting changes in cortical activity depended on spike count integration rather than instantaneous changes in spiking. Recurrent neural networks trained in the task similarly relied on increments in neuronal activity when activity was costly. This work clarifies neuronal decoding strategies employed by cerebral cortex to translate cortical spiking into percepts that can be used to guide behavior.
The Cost of Atopic Eczema to the Society: An International Perspective

Skin reacts to chemical, mechanical, and immunological injuries in a variety of ways depending on the intensity, time course, and spatial distribution of the stimulus. Eczema is one such pattern of response. The intraepidermal edema and inflammatory reaction are together responsible for the clinical picture of eczema and an enormous amount of discomfort, disability, and economic loss (Marks, 1992)
Association between patient-reported barriers and HIV clinic appointment attendance: A prospective cohort study.

The association between patients’ confidence in their ability to attend appointments and future retention in care has not previously been studied in a general HIV clinic. A survey of potential and ...
Measuring Cytosolic Translocation of Mycobacterium marinum in RAW264.7 Macrophages with a CCF4-AM FRET Assay.

The CCF4-AM Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) assay is a sensitive approach to measure bacterial cytosolic translocation in live cells. The FRET pair hydroxycoumarin (donor) and fluorescein (acceptor) are linked by a CCF4-AM β-lactam ring, the substrate of β-lactamase. The exogenously added, neutral charged-FRET reagent can diffuse across the membrane and stay in the cytosol only once it is charged in the cytosol. When bacteria translocate from subcellular organelles (e.g., phagosomes) to the cytosol, the bacteria-associated β-lactamase cleaves the β-lactam ring, resulting in loss of FRET signal. Here we describe the fluorometer-based approach optimized for direct measurement of cytosolic translocation as a result of the EsxAB complex of Mycobacterium marinum in RAW264.7 cells.
Fractured landscapes: The racialization of home buyout programs and climate adaptation

Abstract The paper analyzes the intersection of racialized land development and U.S. buyout programs to advance a framework for socially sustainable climate adaptation. Using GIS and content analysis, we examine the relationship between the site of contemporary buyout programs and neighborhoods surveyed in the 1930s by the Home Owners' Loan Corporation (HOLC). To evaluate whether buyout programs are more likely to occur in redlined neighborhoods, we identify the spatial patterns and associations between these two policies. We find that the majority of FEMA-funded buyouts occurring in HOLC-surveyed cities were located outside of graded zones; yet for the buyouts occurring in the graded historic urban core, the majority were located in redlined districts. We then consider how the language used to describe each neighborhood by the HOLC characterizes amenity and hazard and how these descriptions influenced later policy interventions. Using buyouts and HOLC as an example, we engage the color-evasive policy literature to argue for climate adoption policies that recognize the racialized history that has produced unequal vulnerabilities to hazards rather than relying on buyouts as a technical solution to climate change. Moving past recognition towards an agenda of action, we contend that co-production of knowledge is essential to inform environmental-decision making and that the sustainability research community and its allied fields must center environmental justice frameworks for equitable climate adaptation.
The Collateral Rule: Theory for the Credit Default Swap Market

We develop a model of endogenous collateral requirements in the credit default swap (CDS) market. Our model provides an interpretation for the empirical findings of Capponi et al. (2020), according to which extreme tail risk measures have a higher explanatory power for observed collateral requirements than standard value at risk rules. The model predicts that this conservativeness of collateral levels can be explained through disagreement of market participants about the extreme states of the world, in which CDSs pay out and counter-parties default.
Numerical investigation of the interaction of highly nonlinear solitary waves with corroded steel plates

Abstract Over the last decade, a novel nondestructive evaluation (NDE) method based on the application of highly nonlinear solitary waves has emerged. The method is based on the actuation and detection of solitary waves propagating along a medium made of uniform spherical particles, the last of which is in contact with the material to be assessed noninvasively. The hypothesis is that the dynamic interaction between the wave and the material/structure to be inspected is dependent upon the condition of the material/structure. The study presented in this paper aims at designing and developing the NDE framework for the detection of localized corrosion in metals. In particular, this paper presents a numerical investigation of the interaction of highly nonlinear solitary waves with plates in pristine and corroded conditions. A coupled discrete/finite element model is used to predict the time of flight and the relative amplitudes of the reflected solitary waves as localized corrosion progresses in the plate. The sensitivity of the method is quantified in terms of different parameters such as plate thickness, chain length, and particles' mechanical and geometric properties. It is found that the sensitivity, i.e. the ability to detect corrosion at earlier stages, of this novel NDE technique is inversely proportional to the plate thickness and is proportional to the diameter and the stiffness of the particles. In the future, the findings of this study can be used to optimize the design of solitary wave transducers, which are devices that can be used to trigger, sustain, and detect the propagation of the solitary waves and their interaction with the structure of interest.
Effects of glutamine supplementation on maximal performance and recovery from high-intensity exercise.

EFFECTS OF GLUTAMINE SUPPLEMENTATION ON MAXIMAL PERFORMANCE AND RECOVERY FROM HIGH-INTENSITY EXERCISE Mandy Lynn Jacobs August 7, 2008 The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of acute glutamine supplementation on maximal performance and recovery from high-intensity exercise. In a placebo-controlled, crossover study, seven (six males and one female) healthy subjects performed maximal treadmill exercise one-hour after the ingestion of 0.03 g·kg body massglutamine mixed with caffeine-free fruit juice or placebo. Expired gases, respiratory exchange ratios (RER), heart rate (HR), ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and blood samples were collected pre-, during, and post-exercise. In addition, urine and saliva samples were obtained preand post-exercise. No significant differences in oxygen consumption, C02 production, HR, RPE, urine and saliva pH were found between treatments. The GLN trial (1.20 ± 0.07) produced a higher RER value than the PLC trial (1.11 ± 0.09) at 5-min post-exercise, resulting in a significant difference (p = 0.042). However, the significant difference was due to the inclusion of the female in the group analysis. This study demonstrates that acute glutamine supplementation does not enhance maximal performance or recovery from high-intensity treadmill running.