cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mentoring is a Verb: Strategies for Improving College and Career Readiness

This accessible guide offers school leaders a wealth of strategies to foster a culture where educators engage with young people to encourage college readiness and career success. Based in research and best practices, Mentoring is a Verb explains how to build effective mentoring programs as well as encourage educators to individually mentor students. Olwell breaks down the key elements it takes to forge lasting relationships with students and addresses ways to connect to at-risk students. Packed with actionable steps, this book gives you the tools to help your students set high expectations and goals, recognize and address barriers to success, plan for the future, and reach their post-graduation aspirations.
In-tank, on-shot characterization of the OMEGA laser system focal spot

Direct-drive fusion implosion experiments using the 60-beam OMEGA Laser System require ~1% rms uniformity on target. Measurements from laser diagnostics indicate that beam-to-beam power variation has been sufficiently reduced such that the uniformity nearly meets this requirement; however, experimental results suggest otherwise. To better understand this discrepancy, a full-beam-in-tank diagnostic has been developed to characterize the on-shot, full-energy focal spot of a single beam inside the target chamber using a small sample of the beam from the final optic assembly. In this paper, we describe the diagnostic and present the results of commissioning experiments.
A Novel Technique for Essure Reversal.

Background and Objectives An increasing number of women are seeking removal of the Essure sterilization device due to symptoms including pelvic pain, abnormal bleeding, and allergic reaction. A fraction of these women also desire a future pregnancy and request sterilization reversal at the time of device removal. We present a novel technique for Essure reversal in addition to our experience with three cases. Methods Simultaneous laparoscopy and hysteroscopy is used to remove the device followed by laparoscopic reimplantation of the distal fallopian tube to the uterine fundus. A video of our method is included and the outcomes of three patients reported. Results Three women underwent laparoscopic Essure reversal for device-attributed symptoms and desire to restore fertility between 2017 and 2018. All procedures were uncomplicated with restoration of tubal patency in one or both fallopian tubes on follow-up hysterosalpingogram. Over a period of 4 to 10 months of followup, no pregnancies have been reported. Conclusion Essure reversal is a feasible technique for removing the device and restoring tubal patency; however, more data are needed on pregnancy outcomes following this novel procedure.
Nonaxisymmetric instabilities and star-disk coupling I. Moderate mass disks

We present results of an investigation of the effects massive circumstellar disks have on the stability properties of polytropic stars. We consider systems with moderate mass disks, $M_{d}/M_{*} = 0.2$ and 0.25 where $M_{d}$ and $M_{*}$ are the masses of the disk and star respectively, and with central stars in slow uniform rotation and central stars in rapid differential rotation. We study systems where the central stars are above the barlike mode secular and dynamic instability thresholds for rotating solitary stars and systems where the stars are below the barlike mode secular instability threshold for rotating solitary stars. Equilibrium systems composed of stars with massive circumstellar disks are calculated, and their stability properties determined using linear and nonlinear techniques. For the uniform rotation case, the central stars are in slow rotation in the sense that they are below barlike instability thresholds for rotating single stars. For the differential rotation case, the central stars span the range from slow rotation to rapid rotation where rapid rotation means the stars are unstable to dynamic barlike instabilities. Gravitational coupling between the star and disk drives one-armed instabilities in the slowly rotating central star case. The couple primarily forces orbital motion rather than spin-up of the star. For systems with differentially rotating central stars with slow rotation, star-disk coupling drives instability in one-armed and two-armed modes. At the fastest rotation considered, the central star becomes unstable to the barlike instability evolving in a manner similar to that found for single rapidly rotating stars. The central stars did not fission. Star-disk coupling does not strongly influence the development of the barlike mode for this case.
Modern contraceptive use and intention to use: implication for under-five mortality in Ethiopia.

Abstract Objective High under-five mortality has been identified as a major problem in many developing countries including Ethiopia. The main purpose of this study is to examine the effect of modern contraceptive use on under-five mortality in Ethiopia. Methods The study draws on data from the 2011 and 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Surveys. The Kaplan-Meier survival function was used to demonstrate the survival probabilities of children while a multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the under-five mortality risks for various predictors. Results The results show consistently higher survival probabilities for children of mothers who use modern contraceptives for all survival periods. Significant predictors of under-five mortality include modern contraceptive use, tetanus vaccinations, mother's age, child's sex, parity, postnatal checkup, marital status, and source of drinking water. Conclusion Modern contraceptive use has a notable implication for the chances of under-five survival in Ethiopia. This underscores the importance of modern contraceptive use in the pursuit of a substantial reduction in under-five mortality in the country.
Primary visual cortical thickness in correlation with visual field defects in patients with pituitary macroadenomas: a structural 7-Tesla retinotopic analysis.

OBJECTIVE Vision loss remains a debilitating complication of pituitary adenomas, although there is considerable variability in visual impairment before and after decompression surgery. Growing evidence suggests secondary damage to remote visual structures may contribute to vision loss in patients with chiasmatic compression. The present study leverages ultrahigh field 7-T MRI to study the retinotopic organization of the primary visual cortex (V1), and correlates visual defects with cortical thinning in V1 to characterize consequences of pituitary adenomas on the posterior visual system. METHODS Eight patients (4 males and 4 females, mean age 44.3 years) with pituitary adenomas who exhibited chiasmatic compression and visual field defects, as well as 8 matched healthy controls (4 males and 4 females, mean age 43.3 years), were scanned at 7-T MRI for this prospective study. Whole-brain cortical thickness was calculated using an automated algorithm. A previously published surface-based algorithm was applied to associate the eccentricity and polar angle with each position in V1. Cortical thickness was calculated at each point in the retinotopic organization, and a cortical thickness ratio was generated against matched controls for each point in the visual fields. Patients with adenoma additionally underwent neuroophthalmological examination including 24-2 Humphrey automated visual field perimetry. Pattern deviation (PD) of each point in the visual field, i.e., the deviation in point detection compared with neurologically healthy controls, was correlated with cortical thickness at corresponding polar and eccentricity angles in V1. RESULTS Whole-brain cortical thickness was successfully derived for all patients and controls. The mean tumor volume was 19.4 cm3. The median global thickness of V1 did not differ between patients (mean ± SD 2.21 ± 0.12 cm), compared with controls (2.06 ± 0.13 cm, p > 0.05). Surface morphometry-based retinotopic maps revealed that all 8 patients with adenoma showed a significant positive correlation between PD and V1 thickness ratios (r values ranged from 0.31 to 0.53, p < 0.05). Mixed-procedure analysis revealed that PD = -8.0719 + 5.5873*[Median V1 Thickness Ratio]. CONCLUSIONS All 8 patients showed significant positive correlations between V1 thickness and visual defect. These findings provide retinotopic maps of localized V1 cortical neurodegeneration spatially corresponding to impairments in the visual field. These results further characterize changes in the posterior visual pathway associated with chiasmatic compression, and may prove useful in the neuroophthalmological workup for patients with pituitary macroadenoma.
Engineering Substrate Interaction To Improve Hydrogen Evolution Catalysis of Monolayer MoS2 Films beyond Pt.

MoS2 holds great promise as a cost-effective alternative to Pt for catalyzing the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) of water, but its reported catalytic efficiency is still worse than that of Pt, t...
Fatty Acid Content of Retail Cow's Milk in the Northeastern United States-What's in It for the Consumer?

The fatty acid (FA) composition and content of whole milk (3.25% fat) from organic, omega-3 (n-3) FA fortified, and conventional retail brands available in the northeastern U.S. were assessed month...
Successful medical management of a 16-month chronic type A aortic dissection.

Abstract Stanford type A dissections usually require surgery because they are associated with high morbidity and mortality. However, there are situations where medical management becomes the definitive treatment. We report the successful medical management of a 16-month chronic type A aortic dissection in a 56-year-old male patient with a past surgical history of ascending aortic aneurysm repair. The dissection is unique because it is distal to the graft and does not extend into the main aortic branches. A review of a patient's surgical history and nonenhanced imaging studies is essential when a type A dissection is discovered. Ascending aortic grafts may preclude the most serious complications of type A dissections.
Cosmogenic 10Be and 36Cl geochronology of cryoplanation terraces in the Alaskan Yukon-Tanana Upland

Cryoplanation terraces are prominent but enigmatic landforms found in present and past periglacial environments. Geomorphologists have debated for more than a century over processes involved in the formation of these elevated, step-like, bedrock features. Presented here are the first numerical surface exposure ages and scarp retreat rates from cryoplanation terraces in the Yukon-Tanana Upland (YTU) in Alaska, part of unglaciated eastern Beringia, obtained from terrestrial cosmogenic nuclides (TCN) in surface boulders. Ages comprise six 10Be TCN ages from two terrace treads near Eagle Summit and six 36 Cl ages from two treads on Mt. Fairplay. Based on these exposure ages, scarps at both locations were last actively eroding from 49 to 22.4 ka. Both locations exhibit time-transgressive development, particularly near scarp-tread junctions. Boulder exposure ages and distances between sampled boulder locations were used to estimate scarp retreat rates of 0.11 to 0.56 cm/yr. These numerical exposure ages presented here demonstrate that the cryoplanation terraces in the YTU are diachronous surfaces actively eroding during multiple cold intervals. With these results, hypotheses for cryoplanation terrace formation are discussed and evaluated for the YTU, including those based on geologic structure, nivation, and the influence of permafrost.
On Uniform Large-Scale Volume Growth for the Carnot-Carathéodory Metric on Unbounded Model Hypersurfaces in $\mathbb{C}^2$

We consider the rate of volume growth of large Carnot–Caratheodory metric balls on a class of unbounded model hypersurfaces in ℂ2. When the hypersurface has a uniform global structure, we show that a metric ball of radius δ≫1 either has volume on the order of δ3 or δ4. We also give necessary and sufficient conditions on the hypersurface to display either behavior.
Design and Implementation of Underwater Inflatable Co-prime Sonar Array (UICSA)

The Underwater Inflatable Co-prime Sonar Array (UICSA) is a compact sonar array assembly that can be carried and deployed by autonomous vehicles. The UICSA morphs into a predetermined length to form the sensing node of a transformative underwater deployable network. This paper presents the design of UICSA's support structure and initial development of an embedded data logger. The UICSA employs hydrofoam as an infill in its inflatable support structure and the material's performance is validated using a set of lab tests. The data logger employs the Teensy board to synchronize multiple channels for recording. Performance of the data logger implemented with the UICSA is demonstrated through field deployment.
Diabetes Patient Surveillance in the Emergency Department: Proof of Concept and Opportunities.

Author(s): Sava, M. Gabriela; Pirrallo, Ronald G.; Helsel, Brian C.; Tian, Jingyuan; Carbajales-Dale, Patricia; Wang, Kuang-Ching; Bruch, John; Gimbel, Ronald W. | Abstract: Introduction: The purpose of this study was to characterize the at-risk diabetes and prediabetes patient population visiting emergency department (ED) and urgent care (UC) centers in upstate South Carolina.Methods: We conducted this retrospective study at the largest non-profit healthcare system in South Carolina, using electronic health record (EHR) data of patients who had an ED or UC visit between February 2, 2016–July 31, 2018. Key variables including International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision codes, laboratory test results, family history, medication, and demographic characteristics were used to classify the patients as healthy, having prediabetes, having diabetes, being at-risk for prediabetes, or being at-risk for diabetes. Patients who were known to have diabetes were classified further as having controlled diabetes, management challenged, or uncontrolled diabetes. Population analysis was stratified by the patient’s annual number of ED/UC visits.Results: The risk stratification revealed 4.58% unique patients with unrecognized diabetes and 10.34% of the known patients with diabetes considered to be suboptimally controlled. Patients identified as diabetes management challenged had more ED/UC visits. Of note, 33.95% of the patients had unrecognized prediabetes/diabetes risk factors identified during their ED/UC with 87.95% having some form of healthcare insurance.Conclusion: This study supports the idea that a single ED/UC unscheduled visit can identify individuals with unrecognized diabetes and an at-risk prediabetes population using EHR data. A patient’s ED/UC visit, regardless of their primary reason for seeking care, may be an opportunity to provide early identification and diabetes disease management enrollment to augment the medical care of our community.
What Realists Don't Understand About the Law

In response to our book "The Internationalists: How a Radical Plan to Outlaw War Remade the World," realists have argued that the act of outlawing war couldn’t possibly change state behavior. If there was a change, then it must be due to something else — the rise of nationalism, the spread of small arms, the growth of alliances, the invention of nuclear weapons — anything but the law. Steven Walt, for example, argues that if law really was driving the change in behavior, we “should be able to point to numerous cases where national leaders had a clear incentive to expand their territory and believed it would be easy to do, and then decided not to go ahead either because they believed such an act was inherently wrong or because they were convinced it would never, ever, ever, be accepted by the rest of the international community.” This reaction reveals a misunderstanding about how law works. When it is most effective, the law doesn’t induce states to act contrary to incentives; it changes those incentives themselves. In this response, we show how the Kellogg-Briand Pact of 1928, which outlawed non-defensive wars, changed the incentives of states and hence changed their behavior.
IIT’s Scientific Counter-Revolution: A Neuroscientific Theory’s Physical and Metaphysical Implications

IIT includes commitments about the very nature of physical reality, a fact both highly unusual for an empirical theory within neuroscience, and surprisingly underappreciated within the literature. These commitments are intimately tied to the theory; they are not incidental. This paper demonstrates as much by raising certain objections in a “naive” way, and then exposing how the principled IIT responses would rely upon metaphysical positions. Along the way we draw on the IIT literature for support for these interpretations, but also point to a need for elaboration and clarification. Section 1 applies the Placement Argument in a way that leads to problem involving zombies, treated in Section 2. Section 3 frames the zombie problem as an apparent dilemma, and addresses that dilemma by drawing on claims in the IIT literature concerning physical reality. Section 4 raises a related dilemma and treats it in a way that dovetails with the treatment in Section 3 of physical reality. All of this underscores not just the breadth of IIT, but the relevance of this breadth to a full consideration of IIT’s merits.
Law as a means to an end : threat to the rule of law

Introduction Part I. The Spread of Legal Instrumentalism: 1. Non-instrumental views of law 2. Changing society and common law in the nineteenth century 3. Nineteenth century legislation and legal profession 4. Instrumentalism of the legal realists 5. Twentieth century Supreme Court instrumentalism Part II. Contemporary Legal Instrumentalism: 6. Instrumentalism in legal academia in the 1970s 7. Instrumentalism in theories of law 8. Instrumentalism in the legal profession 9. Instrumentalism of cause litigation 10. Instrumentalism and the judiciary 11. Instrumentalism in legislation and administration Part III. Corroding the Rule of Law: 12. Collapse of higher law, deterioration of common good 13. The threat to legality Epilogue.
An aid in draping patients for vaginal surgery.

I N .ANY vaginal work, it is necessary to wall off the anus from the relatively sterile field of operation. The anus is usually walled off with a sterile towel, but the method of holding the towel in place varies in different hospitals. Some of the methods of holding the towel may be noted. The towel may be held with adhesive tape running from one buttock across the perineum to the other buttock and stuck to the stirrups and skin. The objections to this are several. An occasional patient may get an allergic reaction to the adhesive tape. The tape may work itself loose as the patient perspires during the operation. Finally, the adhesive tape requires constant cleaning of the stirrups and its use is wasteful. Another method is to use rubber tubing tied to the stirrups. The objection to this method is that the tubing often slips, and the towel is therefore often not in the center after one end of the tubing is fixed and the other is stretched and tied in place. At the Columbia Hospital, Washington, D. C., we have devised a simple pieoe of apparatus which is known as ‘(the two-way stretch. ”
WE-G-210-01: Current Status of Supplementary Screening with Breast Ultrasound

This session focuses on recent developments in breast ultrasound imaging, covering clinical practice as well as clinical and pre-clinical research. Current status of ultrasound screening will be reviewed, followed by discussions of emerging technologies at various stages of regulatory and technical development. The session strives to provide the attendee with a view of a continuum of imaging advances starting with the present and spanning the near and long term future. Learning Objectives: 1. Understand current state of ultrasound screening for breast cancer 2. Learn about current availability of whole breast ultrasound 3. Appreciate the current barriers to stronger adoption of screening ultrasound 4. Learn about attempts to drive adoption of screening ultrasound (e.g. breast density laws) 5. Learn about ultrasound tomography as an emerging technique for breast imaging 6. Learn about the regulatory status of emerging techniques such as ultrasound tomography 7. Learn about the developmental status of combined 3-D ultrasound and Mammography systems 8. Learn about photo-acoustic imaging and its potential future role in breast imaging
Thy1 (CD90) regulates adipogenesis and is decreased by the environmental obesogen tetrabromobisphenol-A (HUM2P.339)

Obesity has risen drastically over the last 30 years and occurs through excessive adipogenesis (adipocyte formation) or increases in adipocyte size. Adipocytes produce cytokines such as IL-6 that promotes inflammatory disease. Environmental toxicants termed obesogens such as Tetrabromobisphenol-A (TBBPA) disrupt the endocrine system and increase adipogenesis; however the mechanisms remain unknown. Thy1 (CD90), a cell surface protein, is a member of the immunoglobulin family. We have previously shown that fibroblasts are heterogeneous for Thy1 and only Thy1-/low fibroblasts form adipocytes. We hypothesized that TBBPA promotes adipogenesis by decreasing Thy1 expression. We used mouse 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes as a model to determine if TBBPA decreases the expression of Thy1 to promote fat cell formation. We measured Thy1 mRNA levels by qPCR and Thy1 protein levels by western blot. Adipogenesis was measured by inspection of lipid droplets and expression of the key adipocyte marker, FABP4. Our data show that TBBPA decreased the expression of Thy1 in 3T3-L1 cells. Furthermore, TBBPA treated cells also expressed higher levels of FABP4, supporting the concept that loss of Thy1 alters cell fate. TBBPA exposure for one week before adipogenic induction resulted in a further reduction of Thy1 and additional increases in FABP4. Thus, prolonged or developmental exposure to TBBPA may affect Thy1 levels and alter physiology long after exposure, which may contribute to the obesity epidemic.
Guidelines for using SDL in product development

Over the course of several years working with many diverse projects using SDL for the design of commercial products, we have developed several practical guidelines related to creating SDL models for deployment. This paper discusses the SDL modeling guidelines, covering general recommendations, specific details about using SDL modeling features, performance considerations, platform interface considerations, and portability issues. These guidelines can be used by anyone who is creating design models that will be implemented, either through hand coding or automatic code generation.
A Deep History for the Pacific: Where Past, Present, and Future Meet

Imagine an ocean so huge that it extends nearly pole to pole, encompasses almost half the world’s oceans and nearly a third of its surface, with over 20,000 km of coastline bordering five of earth’s six continents. Imagine an ocean with ~25,000 islands – more than all of Earth’s other oceans combined – of nearly every size, shape, setting, and climate. Imagine a region occupied by hominins for almost two million years, most of which was only colonised by humans between ~50,000 and 15,000 years ago, including many islands that were not settled until after 3500 years ago. Imagine a region with such deep history and environmental diversity that its cultures and landscapes instilled wonder in the minds of explorers for centuries. Imagine islands and seascapes so stunning, that they still inspire awe in the hearts and minds of people around the world. If you study the archaeology of this remarkable ocean, you explore the deep history of the Pacific – from Sunda and Sahul, to East Asia and Beringia, the western borderlands of the Americas, and the vast sea realms of Oceania. In a region so large and so varied, what common themes of geography, ecology, and human history unite the grand endeavour that is the archaeology of the Pacific? Geographically, of course, what unites the Pacific Rim and Basin is the nurturing and dangerous waters of the Pacific Ocean itself. Bounded by a ring of fire, the Pacific Rim marks the margins of the great Pacific Plate, a long and linear zone of volcanism, mountain belts, ocean trenches, earthquakes, tsunamis, and dynamic coastlines. Those coasts range from the frozen shores of Antarctica and Beringia, to kelp forests, rocky shores, sand beaches, coral reefs, muddy estuaries, and mangrove swamps – juxtaposed with tundra, rainforests, deserts, and much more. If islands are laboratories, so are ecosystems and those of the Pacific offered an incredible array of choices for the humans who settled them. Confronted with such cultural and environmental diversity, what unity can we hope to find in the archaeology of the Pacific?
Experimental comparison of H/sub 2/ and H/sub /spl infin// designs for a flexible structure

A comparison between an H/sub /spl infin// and H/sub 2/ multivariable controller designed for and implemented on the MIT SERC interferometer testbed is presented. The testbed is a modally rich, lightly damped structure that exhibits nonminimum phase behavior and has a disturbance rejection performance metric. Both controllers were 38 state two-input two-output digital compensators implemented at a sampling frequency of 2 kHz, and both were designed using a frequency weighted loop shaping approach. The details of how the various design variables and their values were chosen for both methods are compared. Comparing the methods and the resulting control designs illustrates that the H/sub /spl infin// and H/sub 2/ controllers are quite similar. The similarity is in part due to the fact that both controllers nearly cancel all the minimum phase transmission zeros of the plant. >
An Assessment of SEA Model Quality

Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA) models are routinely being adopted in up-front automotive sound package design. SEA models serve two important functions. First they provide a means of assessing noise and vibration performance relative to absolute targets. Secondly, they are used to assess various alternative designs or changes required to meet targets. This article addresses how to objectively evaluate both the absolute and relative predictive capability of SEA models. The absolute prediction is assessed using a hypothesis test to determine membership of the analytical prediction relative to a set of test data. The relative prediction is assessed using hardware-designed experiments to estimate design sensitivities. Both have been found useful to drive model improvement efforts. Being able to objectively document model capability also improves the credibility of SEA model predictions and the design information they deliver. Competitive cost pressures are forcing design/manufacturing concerns to move from hardware prototype based design strategies to Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) based alternatives. Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA) has been widely adopted as a means of assessing high frequency noise, vibration and harshness (NVH) concerns in the automotive industry. This article addresses how to objectively evaluate the predictive capability concerns assessing the feasibility of using SEA models for this purpose. The quality of CAE models is becoming increasingly important as availability of test information decreases. Several activities have grappled with this issue. The most extreme example would be the nuclear weapons arena, which is being forced to move to a completely CAE based process due to the voluntary nuclear test ban in place. There are active discussions in the literature on determining the quality of many modeling technologies. Computational Fluid Dynamics has an especially active discussion ongoing as evidenced by Roache. 1 Structural safety has similar model quality discussions that can be found in the NAFEMS SAFESA material 2,3 for finite element analysis. Han 4 discusses crash safety model quality. Some organizations have adapted ISO 9001 as a quality system for CAE in their organizations. This article is a continuation of the SEA model quality discussion started by Thomas. 5 It will incorporate efforts toward adapting NVH CAE Quality Metrics, described by Moeller, 6 to high frequency models. The desired result is a framework for objectively assessing suitability to task for high frequency modeling technology. This can then be integrated into an overall quality framework for SEA modeling. The first section develops a metric for assessment of baseline model correlation for transfer function prediction. The next section applies the metrics to current SEA model capability. SEA model design capability is examined next. The last section presents the discussion and conclusions.
Chapter 5 Tissue Factor in Antiphospholipid Antibody-induced Pregnancy Loss: Thrombosis versus Inflammation

Abstract Fetal loss in patients with antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) has been ascribed to thrombosis of placental vessels. However, we have shown that inflammation, specifically activation of complement with generation of the anaphylotoxin C5a, is an essential trigger of fetal injury. Thrombosis and inflammation are linked in many clinical conditions. Tissue factor (TF), the major cellular initiator of the coagulation protease cascade, plays important roles in both thrombosis and inflammation. Here we analyze the role of TF in a mouse model of aPL-induced pregnancy loss. Blockade of TF with a monoclonal antibody in wild-type mice and a genetic reduction of TF prevented aPL antibody-induced inflammation and pregnancy loss. In response to aPL antibody-generated C5a, neutrophils express TF, potentiating inflammation in the deciduas and leading to miscarriages. Importantly, we identified TF as an important mediator of C5a-induced oxidative burst in neutrophils in aPL-induced fetal injury. The finding that TF is an important effector in aPL-induced inflammation may allow the development of new therapies to abrogate the inflammatory loop caused by tissue factor and improve pregnancy outcomes in patients with aPL antibodies.
Rotating resident didactics in the emergency department: a cross-sectional survey on current curricular practices.

Objectives: Rotating (non–emergency medicine [EM]) residents perform clinical rotations in many academic emergency departments (EDs). The primary objective of this work was to quantify characteristics of rotating residents and the didactic curricula offered to them during their EM rotations. Secondary objectives were to identify barriers to instituting such didactics and to establish ideal curricular contents. Methods: A Web-based survey was administered by e-mail to residency directors of all U.S. allopathic EM residency programs. Consent was obtained in the first part of the survey, and the study was deemed exempt from full review by the institutional review board. Questions solicited information regarding type and quantity of rotating residents in their main EDs, the “didactic educational format” available to rotating residents, and ideal and actual didactic curricular contents. Statistics were reported as proportions and means with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and medians with interquartile ranges (IQRs). Results: Surveys were sent to 143 programs, and the response rate was 71%. Ninety-nine percent of respondents had rotating residents in their EDs, and the median number per month was 4 (IQR = 3–6). Five percent of respondents had established didactic curricula specifically for rotating residents, and 64% sent them to either EM resident or medical student lectures. Thirty-one percent of programs reported no didactics, and 65% of these felt there was no need for such education. Resuscitation, trauma, and toxicology were cited as the most important subjects for actual and ideal curricula. Conclusions: Most academic EDs have rotating residents, but very few provide didactic education specific to their learning needs and almost a third provide no didactics. ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2010; 17:S49–S53 © 2010 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
Ethanol‐Induced Regulation of GABAA Subunit mRNAs in Prefrontal Fields of Cynomolgus Monkeys

BACKGROUND Recent evidence indicates that functional impairment of the orbital and medial fields of the prefrontal cortex may underlie the deficits in executive control of behavior that characterize addictive disorders, including alcohol addiction. Moreover, previous studies have indicated that alcohol alters GABA neurotransmission and one substrate of these effects may be through the reconfiguration of the subunits constituting the GABA(A) receptor complex. Given that GABAergic transmission has an integral role in cortical processing, influencing local and interregional communication, understanding alcohol-induced alterations in GABA(A) receptors in prefrontal fields of the primate brain may provide insight into the functional impairment of these brain regions in the alcohol-addicted state and extend our understanding of the molecular consequences of long-term use in these critical brain regions. METHODS AND RESULTS To address this problem, the effects of chronic ethanol self-administration in male cynomolgus monkeys on GABA(A) receptor subunit mRNA expression was studied in 3 frontal cortical fields: orbitofrontal cortex (OFC; area 13), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC; area 24), and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC; area 46). Quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed significant alterations in GABA(A) subunit mRNA expression in the OFC and DLPFC but not in the ACC. Specifically, expression of the alpha2, alpha4, beta1, beta3, and gamma1 to gamma3 subunit mRNAs was significantly less in the OFC, whereas the expression of beta1, beta2, gamma1, and delta subunit mRNAs was less in the DLPFC of alcohol-treated monkeys. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that ethanol-induced alterations in GABA(A) function may be due to alterations in GABA(A) subunit mRNA levels and subunit-specific alterations are selective to particular cortical fields.
Noradrenergic modulation of sensorimotor processes in intact rats: the masseteric reflex as a model system

The masseteric jaw closure reflex was utilized as a model system with which to gauge the functional activity of central noradrenergic neurons. This system was chosen because it is a simple monosynaptic reflex the neuronal substrate of which receives a dense noradrenergic input. The modulatory effects of norepinephrine (NE) on this response in the intact, chloral hydrate-anesthetized rat were studied with a variety of pharmacological strategies. Initially, a reflex facilitation was obtained with the catecholamine precursor L-DOPA. Manipulations with greater specificity of action on the noradrenergic system were then employed. First, we used the presynaptic alpha-2 noradrenergic agonist clonidine, which acts to decrease noradrenergic transmission. Clonidine attenuated the amplitude of the reflex, and this suppression was blocked by pretreatment with the alpha-2 antagonist yohimbine. The effects of yohimbine itself were then examined, and a biphasic effect was obtained. At low doses, at which it preferentially acts as an antagonist at presynaptic alpha-2 receptors and increases noradrenergic transmission, yohimbine enhanced the reflex. At higher doses, at which it also displays postsynaptic alpha-1 antagonist activity, yohimbine depressed the reflex. This reflex modulation by yohimbine was blocked by pretreatment with the alpha-1 antagonist prazosin. The anatomical site of the observed effect was then localized to the direct noradrenergic innervation of the reflex circuitry by locally destroying, with 6-hydroxydopamine, the noradrenergic terminals in the trigeminal motor nucleus mediating the response. This significantly attenuated the reflex modulation by yohimbine, without affecting elicitation of the reflex itself.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Compressive Strength of Grouted Hollow Brick Prisms

The effect of grout on compressive strength of hollow brick prisms was investigated experimentally and analytically. Grout was found to benefit compressive strength in the great majority of cases. Factors that improved prism compressive strength were high strength grout, high strength mortar, high tensile strength brick, and low brick coring percentage.
Paths of the mind

Purpose – This column aims to take a brief look at wayfinding in the digital age, and explores several opportunities that are on the horizon for libraries that could enhance the user experience for their patrons. Design/methodology/approach – This column provides a survey of the current views of wayfinding in the digital age. Findings – There is new technology being developed that increasingly blurs the lines between the digital and the physical. Originality/value – Devices such as the HoloLens and iBeacon, while nascent, will quickly become a standard for new approaches that people can use to interact with their environments integrating digital information. This affords libraries a unique opportunity over the course of the next 5-10 years to take advantage of this technology to assist patrons with their information needs.
A fully-integrated 0.13/spl mu/m CMOS low-IF DBS satellite tuner using a ring oscillator based frequency synthesizer

The first low-IF fully-integrated tuner for DBS satellite TV applications was realized in 0.13 /spl mu/m CMOS. A wideband ring oscillator based frequency synthesizer having a large frequency step was used to down-convert a cluster of channels to a coarsely defined low-IF frequency, while the second down-conversion to baseband was performed in the digital domain. Eliminating the oscillator inductors has reduced the parasitic magnetic coupling, allowing a single-chip integration of the sensitive tuner and the noisy digital demodulator. A significant die area reduction was achieved by using a single oscillator to cover the entire satellite TV spectrum, while a noise attenuator was cascaded with the PLL loop filter to reduce the equivalent tuning gain.
The Beguniaceae of Colombia

Begonia (§ Ruizopavonia) Dugandiana / Begonia (§ Ruizopavonia) alnifolia / Begonia (§ Pritzelia) glabra / Begonia (§ Begoniastrum) guaduensis / Begonia (§ Begoniastrum) Barrigae / Begonia (§ Meionanthera) Holtonis / Begonia (§ Lepsia) microphylla / Begonia (§ Lepsia) foliosa / Begoniella / Begoniella Whitei / Begoniella libera / Begoniella Kalbreyeri / Begoniella angustifolia.
Survival Rates in Trauma Patients Following Health Care Reform in Massachusetts

Importance Massachusetts introduced health care reform (HCR) in 2006, expecting to expand health insurance coverage and improve outcomes. Because traumatic injury is a common acute condition with important health, disability, and economic consequences, examination of the effect of HCR on patients hospitalized following injury may help inform the national HCR debate. Objective To examine the effect of Massachusetts HCR on survival rates of injured patients. Design, Setting, and Participants Retrospective cohort study of 1 520 599 patients hospitalized following traumatic injury in Massachusetts or New York during the 10 years (2002-2011) surrounding Massachusetts HCR using data from the State Inpatient Databases. We assessed the effect of HCR on mortality rates using a difference-in-differences approach to control for temporal trends in mortality. Intervention Health care reform in Massachusetts in 2006. Main Outcome and Measure Survival until hospital discharge. Results During the 10-year study period, the rates of uninsured trauma patients in Massachusetts decreased steadily from 14.9% in 2002 to 5.0.% in 2011. In New York, the rates of uninsured trauma patients fell from 14.9% in 2002 to 10.5% in 2011. The risk-adjusted difference-in-difference assessment revealed a transient increase of 604 excess deaths (95% CI, 419-790) in Massachusetts in the 3 years following implementation of HCR. Conclusions and Relevance Health care reform did not affect health insurance coverage for patients hospitalized following injury but was associated with a transient increase in adjusted mortality rates. Reducing mortality rates for acutely injured patients may require more comprehensive interventions than simply promoting health insurance coverage through legislation.
The conventionality of pictorial representation in interstellar messages

Abstract Pictorial messages have previously been advocated for interstellar communication because such messages are presumed to be capable of presenting information in a non-arbitrary and easily intelligible manner. In contrast to this view, pictorial messages actually represent information in a partially conventional way. This point is demonstrated by examining pictorial representations of human beings from a range of cultures. While such representations may be understood quite readily by individuals familiar with the conventions of a particular culture, to the uninitiated outsider, such representations can be unintelligible. In spite of the partially arbitrary nature of pictorial representation, we may be able to construct messages that would teach extraterrestrial intelligence (ETI) some of the conventions by which we view pictures. One such approach is to pair numerical information about geometrical objects with pictorial representations of the same objects. Problems of conventionality can also be addressed in part through use of (1) multiple representations of the same object, (2) contextual cues, (3) three- and four-dimensional representations and (4) non-visual representations.
LD-JC: Laser desorption jet cooling spectroscopy

Laser desorption followed by jet-cooling allows wavelength-selective as well as mass-selective detection of organic molecules desorbed from a surface without fragmentation. The absolute detection sensitivity is demonstrated with the perylene molecule. A two-color REMPI spectrum (400 wavelength points) of perylene is recorded using only 30 picogram of material. Rotational cooling to 5 - 10 K is demonstrated with laser-desorbed anthracene; vibrational cooling below 15 K is demonstrated with laser-desorbed diphenylamine. The ability to take a 'snapshot' of molecules on a surface is illustrated with the spectrum of benzoic acid monomers. Other applications are discussed, i.e. PABA dimer spectroscopy and detection of C60.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Optimization and mechanisms of mistuning in cascades

In the present inverse design procedure for the optimum mistuning of a high bypass ratio shroudless fan that is modeled as a cascade of blades (each with a single torsional degree-of-freedom), linearized supersonic aerodynamic theory is used to compute the unsteady aerodynamic forces in the 'influence coefficient' form at a typical blade section. The mistuning pattern is then numerically optimized in order to achieve a specified increase in the aeroelastic stability margin with a minimum amount of mistuning. If the blades are self-damped, an optimized mistuning pattern can be found that achieves a given stability margin for a much lower level of mistuning than required for the alternate mistuning pattern, which requires only two blade frequencies and is relatively insensitive to implementation errors.
The Role of Romantic Attachment in Women’s Experiences of Body Surveillance and Body Shame

Self-objectification, body surveillance, and body shame have been widely researched in the context of early attachment and interpersonal relationships; however, no research to date had been conducted on the role of romantic attachment styles. In the current study, we examined the role of romantic attachment in women’s (n = 193) experiences of body surveillance and body shame. We hypothesized a model in which anxious and avoidant attachment positively predicted body shame through the intervening variable of body surveillance and then revised the model to incorporate a direct path from anxious attachment to body shame. The revised model had good fit to our data. Our research suggests that body surveillance and body shame are outcomes of insecure romantic attachment in adulthood. While this was true for both insecure attachment styles, anxious attachment, in particular, was a stronger predictor of both body surveillance and body shame. We discuss the potential implications of these findings in the context of prior research on self-objectification and relationship contingency, self-esteem, and rejection fears.
DNA analysis to find rare blood donors when antisera is not available.

In order to screen for antigen-negative blood donors, it is necessary to have appropriate, potent antisera in sufficient volume. Anti-Do a and anti-Do b are notoriously weakly reactive antibodies, available only in small volumes, usually in sera containing other alloantibodies, and often deteriorate on storage. Thus, it has not been possible to test large numbers of blood samples to find Do (a-) or Do (b-) blood donors. At the NYBC, we now type selected donors for DOA and DOB by DNA analysis. Initially, we tested DNA prepared from donors who had been typed by hemagglutination for one or both antigens. We found that four donors, whose RBCs previously typed as Do (a+b-), had both DOA and DOB alleles, and when retested, the RBCs were Do (a+b+ w ). We have now tested over 300 donors for DO by PCR-RFLP using either Eam 1105 1 or Bse R1 restriction enzymes. Blood from DOA/DOA donors has survived better than crossmatch compatible blood for patients with anti-Do b and such results suggest that anti-Do b is a more frequent cause of transfusion reactions than reported. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that PCR-RFLP can be used to screen for antigen-negative donors in other blood group systems when appropriate antisera are not available. When interpreting the results, it is important to remember that the genotype may not reflect the phenotype. Our strategy has been to perform DNA analysis for the DO alleles on those donors who have been shown by hemagglutination to lack antigens corresponding to multiple alloantibodies in patients' plasma. In this way, we have been able to supply rare blood to numerous patients, whose serum contained at least 5 additional alloantibodies of clinical significance.
Synaptic Transmission in the Crayfish: Increased Release of Transmitter Substance by Bacterial Endotoxin

Bacterial endotoxin increases the frequency of miniature excitatory postsynaptic potentials, decreases facilitation, and increases the evoked excitatory postsynaptic potential without changing membrane resistance. These data indicate that endotoxin acts on the presynaptic nerve terminal by increasing the amount of transmitter substance released in response to an applied stimulus.
DEFECTIVE NEUTROPHIL CHEMOTAXIS, SEVERE STAPHYLOCOCCAL INFECTION AND HYPERMMUNOGLOBULINEMIA E

Neutrophil granulocyte function was determined in three patients with severe staphylococcal infection, clinical manifestations of allergic disease, and hyperimmunoglobulinemia E. Each of the patients had urticarial skin rashes before or at the time of development of staphylococcal suppurative lymphadenitis, pneumonia or sepsis. Neutrophil chemotaxis, random migration, phagocytosis and bactericidal capacity were assessed to determine if an abnormality in these functions might have contributed to the development of severe staphylococcal infection. Each of the 3 patients with increased IgE was found to have a marked defect in neutrophil chemotaxis. The mean chemotactic index of the patients was 12±4 while that of 20 controls was 72±17. Neutrophil random migration, phagocytosis and bactericidal capacity were normal in each patient. We have shown in previous studies that patients with eczema who suffer recurrent cutaneous staphylococcal infections may have defective neutrophil chemotaxis in association with increased IgE and have demonstrated that defective neutrophil function may result from chemical mediators such as histamine. The present patients with clinical evidence of systemic histamine release, abnormal chemotaxis and severe staphylococcal infections suggest an important relationship between allergic phenomena and the host defense mechanism.