cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Generation of squeezed states and twin beams via non-degenerate four-wave mixing in a Λ system

We show that non-degenerate four-wave mixing in a Λ system yields strong suppression of quantum phase noise when the probe and conjugate beams are monitored via balanced homodyne detection. Unlike previous calculations performed on similar system, we include situations where the pump beams become resonant with the corresponding two-level transitions. As a result, we find conditions wherein strong squeezing can be achieved with relatively low pump powers. Furthermore, we show explicitly, via numerical integration, that the probe and the conjugate beams, each starting from the vacuum, are twin beams, containing matching number of photons. The low-power, high gain phase conjugation observed experimentally by us in rubidium vapor under similar conditions indicate the feasibility of realizing a spatially broad band source of squeezed light, with applications to fast detection of faint images, as well as to high-density optical interconnects.
Instantaneous and continous measurement of 14C-labeled substrate oxidation to 14CO2 by minute tissue specimens: An ionization chamber method

Abstract The vibrating reed electrometer and ionization chamber have been adapted for the instantaneous and continuous measurement of 14 C-labeled substrate oxidation to 14 CO 2 by minute quantities of isolated tissues. This modified technique, utilizing a “closed” circulation incubation system, is 10–50 times as sensitive as the previously described “open” circulation techniques. Substrate oxidation curves are described for human erythrocytes and polymorphonuclear leucocytes, canine parietal cells and isolated segments of the rat nephron. This apparatus should prove to be a useful tool for metabolic studies of small quantities of isolated tissue.
THE DIATOM ASSEMBLAGES OF OPHRYDIUM COLONIES FROM SOUTH ALABAMA

Ophrydium colonies were collected from a pond cypress swamp near Florala, Alabama and examined for diatoms. Observations of living colonies showed large numbers of motile diatoms with the ability to traverse the mucilage of the gelatinous ball. SEM observations indicated that diatoms were more concentrated on the surface of the protozoan colony than within. Although numerous, the diatoms were not taxonomically diverse (i.e. 10 species in 5 genera in cell counts). The most abundant species was Stenopterobia delicatissima (Lewis) Breebisson ex Van Heurck. The source of individuals colonizing the Ophrydium mucilage was leaf debris in the pond. However, S. delicatissima was 20 times more abundant in and on Ophrydium colonies than in debris. The diatom assemblage found is typical of an acidic, softwater situation and reflects the water chemistry of the cypress swamp. It is unlike the diatom assemblages collected from Ophrydium colonies elsewhere. However, it appears that the diatom floras of Ophrydium colonies...
Antiviral effect of 9-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl)guanine against cytomegalovirus infection in a guinea pig model.

Abstract The antiviral activity of 9-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl)guanine (DHPG) against guinea pig cytomegalovirus (GPCMV) was evaluated in guinea pig cell cultures and in Hartley guinea pigs. The 50% effective dose of DHPG against GPCMV replication in cell cultures was 71 μM. Ultrastructural studies revealed that DHPG inhibited the formation of viral cores and the production of nucleocapsids, enveloped virions and dense bodies, but the drug did not prevent the formation of virus induced intranuclear tubular structures. In vivo, guinea pigs inoculated intraperitoneally with GPCMV were treated with DHPG, 25 mg/kg subcutaneously, twice daily. Treatment was initiated 24 h after infection and continued for 7 days. During the acute infection, the average body weights of DHPG-treated, virus infected guinea pigs were approximately 14% lower than the sham-treated counter-parts on day 10, 11 and 13 post-virus inoculation. Virus infectivity titers were higher in the lungs of DHPG-treated guinea pigs on day 10 than the sham-treated ones. Although there was no significant difference on histopathologic lesions in the spleen, liver and lungs of the drug-treated and the sham-treated guinea pigs, DHPG treated animals appeared to have fewer virus-induced lesions or inclusions in the kidneys and salivary glands than the sham-treated ones. In addition, virus infectivity titers in the salivary gland of DHPG treated guinea pigs were consistently lower than the sham-treated animals.
Hindered rotational energy levels of linear ions in trigonal and tetragonal crystalline fields

The hindered rotational energy levels of linear ions in crystalline fields of trigonal and tetragonal symmetry have been computed. For a trigonal crystalline field, D3d symmetry, and a tetragonal crystalline field, D2h symmetry, the J = 2 and J = 4 terms have been included in the potential function. The theory of a linear ion in a trigonal field is applied to the hindered rotation of the hydrosulfide ion in the alkali metal hydrosulfides. The librational frequencies of the alkali metal azides KHF2 and TlN3 are analyzed using the model of a linear ion in a tetragonal crystalline field.
Modeling of Backpulse Filter Cleaning: The Small Particle Filter Cake Fragments

ABSTRACT A fine-scale, quasi-static model has been developed to describe the removal of a layer of filter cake from a cylindrical filter by backpulses of compressed gas. The model includes the bonding forces of adhesion between the layer and a substrate, as well as the forces of cohesion between imaginary “gridblocks” within the layer. For stresses greater than a threshold value, some of the layer is removed. The amount of the layer removed and the fragmentation of this part of the layer depends upon the stress, the average adhesive and cohesive forces, and the distribution of these forces about their averages. Increasing the cohesive force does increase the size of the fragments removed, but the percentage of the layer removed in the smallest fragments saturates at around 13%, decreasing no further with increasing cohesive forces. Furthermore, increasing the cohesive forces both reduces the threshold in the cleaning pressure well below the average strength of the adhesive force and sharpens the threshold...
OPAC User Logs: Implications for Bibliographic Instruction

The characteristics of typical Online Public Access Catalogs are discussed. Patron use of these features is surveyed and analyzed. Usage patterns indicate that features are not effectively used by patrons due to lack of awareness of the features and their potential. The need for point‐of‐use prompts and bibliographic instruction is stressed.
Effect of 6-hydroxydopamine in vitro on contractility and norepinephrine uptake of rabbit iris muscle.

Abstract The mechanical responsiveness and uptake of [ 3 H]norepinephrine ([ 3 H]NE) of irides from rabbits were determined following in vitro treatment with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). After 10 min exposure to 6-OHDA, ED 50 values for NE decreased and stabilized after 3 hr. Values for maximum contractile response to NE of iris dilator muscle showed an initial decrease after 6-OHDA treatment but by 4 hr post-treatment were greater than control values. Uptake of [ 3 H]NE by irides was decreased by in vitro 6-OHDA treatment to levels seen in surgically denervated irides. It is concluded that for pharmacological investigations requiring adrenergic denervation in vitro 6-OHDA treatment offers a viable alternative to to surgical denervation.
Stenting carotidien : qu'avons-nous appris des essais cliniques et des registres et où allons-nous ?

Comme avec d'autres procedures chirurgicales mini-invasives, l'angioplastie et le stenting carotidiens (SC) se sont developpes rapidement pendant la derniere decennie. Bien que beaucoup croient que l'equivalence avec l'endarteriectomie carotidienne a ete etablie chez les patients a haut risque, l'efficacite du SC chez les patients a risque normal n'est pas encore etablie. Ce rapport vise a fournir une revue complete et critique des essais et des registres du SC et a donner une perspective des futures directions de cette technologie naissante.
Intestinal and hepatic first-pass extraction of the 11β-HSD1 inhibitor AMG 221 in rats with chronic vascular catheters

1. A catheterized rat model was used to define the intestinal and hepatic components of oral bioavailability for an 11β-HSD1 inhibitor, AMG 221. These data were integrated with standard in vivo metabolism studies to elucidate the components contributing to the oral disposition of a novel drug candidate. 2. Intestinal and hepatic extraction ratios of AMG 221 obtained using a five-catheter rat model were 0.56 and 0.32, respectively. Therefore, both intestinal and hepatic extraction contributed to the first-pass component of oral bioavailability. There was no evidence for significant gut extraction of systemically administered drug. 3. Mass balance data and in vivo metabolite characterization obtained after administration of [(14)C] AMG 221 to rat showed that AMG 221 was completely absorbed from the gut lumen following an oral dose, primarily excreted in urine and was almost completely metabolized prior to excretion. 4. Hepatic bioavailability (FH), measured in two animals at various time points after oral dose administration was somewhat variable but generally characterized by an initial reduction during the absorption phase followed by an increase during the elimination phase, consistent with hepatic distribution of AMG 221. 5. The five-catheter rat model afforded estimates of hepatic and intestinal contribution to oral bioavailability that were used with other data to define the preclinical ADME characteristics of a drug candidate.
Women's empowerment and reproductive experiences over the lifecourse

This paper examines the complex interplay between reproductive experiences and women's empowerment using rich life history data from a survey in India. Previous research has examined the influence of a rather limited range of reproductive events, focusing on how many children or sons a woman has borne, and has only superficially incorporated the insights of lifecourse theory. Furthermore, it has often conceptualized empowerment as a static characteristic rather than a time-varying one, and has often failed to examine the influence of empowerment resources or previous empowerment levels. I focus on the cumulative influence of less-studied reproductive events-including unwanted or mistimed pregnancy, stillbirths, miscarriages, and abortions-on several dimensions of women's empowerment, including mobility, financial decision-making, experiences of violence, and threats of abandonment or homelessness using data collected from 2435 women in Madhya Pradesh, India during a 2002 household-based probability sample survey. Logistic regression revealed that, notably, few reproductive events have an impact on women's current empowerment, but rather, the extent of empowerment immediately after marriage emerges as a strong determinant of their current empowerment. However, women who have had abortions have higher odds of experiencing domestic violence, and experiencing mistimed pregnancies lowers the odds of violence. Incorporating the potential influence of prior life events and conditions, accounting for the possibility that experiences may accumulate to shape women's current empowerment portrays women's lives more completely and helps to identify key points of intervention.
Spatial Raman solitons

We predict multifrequency spatial soliton propagation in a strongly driven Raman medium. The essential idea is the adiabatic preparation of a near-maximum molecular coherence.
Isolation and identification of l-threitol from plants fed l-sorbose

Abstract A tetritol, which accumulates in plant leaf tissue into which l -sorbose has been introduced, was isolated by paper chromatographic separation. It has been identified as l -threitol by means of the melting point, determination of formaldehyde and formic acid produced by periodate oxidation, and the x-ray powder diffraction pattern. Its identity was also established by means of the melting point, rotation, and x-ray powder diffraction patterns of the dibenzylidene derivative. C 14 studies revealed that l -threitol is derived from l -sorbose.
Neorealism's status‐quo bias: What security dilemma?

(1996). Neorealism's status‐quo bias: What security dilemma? Security Studies: Vol. 5, Realism: Restatements and Renewal, pp. 90-121.
“Free-space” boundary conditions for the time dependent wave equation

Abstract Boundary conditions for the discrete wave equation which act like an infinite region of free space in contact with the computational region can be constructed using projection operators. Propagating and evanescent waves coming from within the computational region generate no reflected waves as they cross the boundary. At the same time arbitrary waves may be launched into the computational region. Well-known projection operators for one-dimensional waves may be used for this purpose in one dimension. Extensions of these operators to higher dimensions along with numerically efficient approximations to them are described for higher-dimensional problems. The separation of waves into ingoing and outgoing waves inherent in these boundary conditions greatly facilitates diagnostics.
Cooperating security managers: a peer-based intrusion detection system

The need for increased security measures in computer systems and networks is apparent through the frequent media accounts of computer system and network intrusions. One attempt at increasing security measures is in the area of intrusion detection packages. These packages use a variety of means to detect intrusive activities and have been applied to both individual computer systems and networks. Cooperating security managers (CSM) is one such package. Applied to a network, CSM is designed to perform intrusion detection and reporting functions in a distributed environment without requiring a designated central site or server to perform the analysis of network audit data. In addition, it is designed to handle intrusions as opposed to simply detecting and reporting on them, resulting in a comprehensive approach to individual system and network intrusions. Tests of the initial prototype have shown the cooperative methodology to perform favourably.
Movement orientation switching with the eyes and lower limb in Parkinson disease.

Difficulty switching between motor programs is a proposed cause of motor blocks in Parkinson disease (PD). Switching from one movement to another has been studied in the upper extremity and during postural control tasks, but not yetin the eyes and lower limb in PD. The purpose of this study was to compare movement orientation switching ability between people with PD and age-matched controls (CON) and to determine if switching ability is correlated between the eyes and lower limb. Twenty-six persons with PD and 19 age-matched controls participated. Movement orientation switching was studied in a seated position with the head fixed in a chinrest. In response to a randomly generated tone, participants switched from a continuous back-and-forth movement in either the horizontal or vertical orientation to the opposite orientation as quickly as possible. Lower limb movements were performed with the great toe pointing back and forth between targets positioned on a 45° angled floor platform. Eye movements were back and forth between the same targets. Eye and lower limb switch time was reduced in PD (p<0.01), but after normalizing switch time to movement velocity, no differences existed between PD and CON. Eye and lower limb switch times were correlated in PD (r=0.513, p<0.01) but not in CON. In PD, switch time and movement velocity of the lower limb, but not the eyes, correlated with bradykinesia and postural instability/gait. Our results suggest that individuals with PD experience movement switching deficits with both the eyes and lower limb, perhaps driven by overall bradykinesia.
Path-Vector Contract Routing

Many recently proposed clean slate Internet architectures essentially depend on more flexible and extended representation of Internet topology on which next generation routing protocols may operate. Representation of neighboring relationships between Internet Service Providers (ISPs) in finer granularity is promising to overcome many shortcomings of the current Internet architecture. Similarly, contract-switching paradigm promotes an ISP to define itself as a set of edge-to-edge (g2g) links that connect ingress and egress routers of its domain. Each link is represented by a contract which defines not only neighboring relationships with other domains but also economic (e.g., price), performance (e.g., quality of service parameters) and temporal (e.g., lifetime of the dedicated link) attributes attached to this g2g link. In this work, we introduce Path-Vector Contract Routing (PVCR) protocol which allows multi-metric, multi-hop negotiation of end-to-end inter-domain paths by leveraging path-vector style construction on top of g2g contract definitions. Our analysis on synthetic and real-world topologies show that Path-Vector Contract Routing has many promising properties such as rich route diversity, end-to-end multi-domain QoS and low control traffic. We also investigate inter-domain traffic engineering capabilities of PVCR which inherently considers economics of routing in its opportunistic settings.
Indirect Recognition of MHC Class I Allopeptides Accelerates Lung Allograft Rejection in Miniature Swine

The role of indirect allorecognition in graft rejection is examined in two experiments using a swine lung transplantation model. First, two swine received class I mismatched grafts without immunosuppression; another two recipients were treated postoperatively with cyclosporine (CsA). These swine exhibited acute and chronic rejection, respectively. All four recipients developed T-cell reactivity to donor-derived class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) peptides. Second, six swine were immunized with synthetic donor-derived class I allopeptides prior to transplantation. Control groups consisted of nonimmunized recipients (n = 6) and recipients immunized with an irrelevant peptide (n = 3). These recipients all received a 12-day course of post-operative CsA. Swine immunized with allopeptides exhibited accelerated graft rejection, as compared to both control groups (p < 0.01 and p = 0.03, respectively). Within the experimental group, the dominant histologic finding was acute rejection (AR). Obliterative bronchiolitis (OB) was seen in the graft with the longest survival. Both control groups showed a lesser degree of AR, with four out of six nonimmunized swine ultimately developing OB. These studies suggest that indirect allorecognition is operative during lung allograft rejection, and that pre-transplant sensitization to donor-derived MHC allopeptides can accelerate graft rejection.
Setting the Lutheran Eucharist

The liturgy took place. To say that is to set the liturgy in specific architectural structures, spatial arrangements, configurations of visual images, as well as in specific human communities with unique traditions of devotional practices. In this essay, the Lutheran liturgy is "set" in two towns, Nuremberg and Rothenburg ob der Tauber, which were geographically and linguistically close. These two towns, however, had different devotional practices, different visual settings for the liturgy, different preachers and differing paces of reform. The article explores the implications of those differences for the meaning of the liturgy within each town. In so doing, it posits possible reconstructions of the liturgy as it might have been experienced, the liturgy not simply as text, but as a ritual, in which image, gesture, and spoken or sung word all participated in the performance and the meaning it conveyed.
Mixed finite element methods for incompressible flow: Stationary Stokes equations

In this article, we develop and analyze a mixed finite element method for the Stokes equations. Our mixed method is based on the pseudostress-velocity formulation. The pseudostress is approximated by the Raviart-Thomas (RT) element of index k ≥ 0 and the velocity by piecewise discontinuous polynomials of degree k. It is shown that this pair of finite elements is stable and yields quasi-optimal accuracy. The indefinite system of linear equations resulting from the discretization is decoupled by the penalty method. The penalized pseudostress system is solved by the H(div) type of multigrid method and the velocity is then calculated explicitly. Alternative preconditioning approaches that do not involve penalizing the system are also discussed. Finally, numerical experiments are presented. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2010
Association of β2‐adrenergic receptor (β2AR) haplotype and hypertension in African Americans and Caucasians

The β2AR gene has been associated with hypertension, but data are conflicting. Racial differences in this association or role of the β2AR haplotype have not been well studied. We sought to determine whether race and/or haplotype influence the association between the β2AR gene and hypertension. Genetic samples were obtained from African American (AA) or Caucasian (C) hypertensive (HT) or normotensive (NT) patients. β2AR codon 16 and 27 genotypes were determined by PCR and luciferase-based pyrosequencing. Differences were analyzed by Chi-square and Fisher's exact test with AA and C analyzed separately. Haplotype frequencies were compared by race between NT and HT. A total of 482 patients were enrolled. Allele and genotype frequencies were similar for HT and NT at codons 16 and 27 for both AA and C. No differences were found in β2AR haplotypes between NT and HT for AA or C (Table). There were no differences in blood pressure across haplotype for NT AA or C. Our data do not support a significant contribution of the β2AR gene to hypertension risk. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2004) 75, P95–P95; doi: 10.1016/j.clpt.2003.11.362 Table 1. Haplotype frequencies NT AA (%) HT AA (%) NT C(%) HT C(%) Arg16/Gln27 43 (48.9) 138 (48.0) 96 (38.1) 109 (38.4) Gly16/Gln27 33 (37.5) 90 (31.9) 59 (23.4) 57 (20.1) Gly16/Glu27 12 (13.6) 51 (18.1) 95 (37.7) 118 (41.5) Arg16/Glu27 0 (0) 3 (1.1) 2 (0.8) 0 (0)
Production Efficiency Versus Bureaucratic Self-Interest: Two Innovative Processes?

This article reports on a study of technological innovations in state and local government agencies. The study was based on an aggregate analysis of 140 previously published and unpublished case studies, in which a closed-ended questionnaire was used to extract information from the case studies. The main hypotheses and findings of the study concern the possible existence of two innovative processes, one that emphasizes service improvements but that does not necessarily lead to enduring incorporation of the innovation (production efficiency), and the other that emphasizes incorporation even where the innovation may not have produced a demonstrable service improvement (bureaucratic self-interest).
Effects of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome on Neuropsychological Function

Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) can have severe and permanent adverse effects on children. The most severe outcome is fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). FAS can affect the neuroanatomical and neurophysiological make-up of the brain as well as specific neuropsychological function. This paper reviews some of the literature with regard to the neuroanatomical, neurophysiological, and neurobehavioral effects of PAE on individuals. In particular, studies show that there are neuroanatomical changes in the brain due to PAE or FAS, and illustrate specific vulnerability in the hippocampus, corpus callosum, basal ganglia, and the cerebellum. Neurophysiological studies have identified delays in the brain’s electrical response to specific sensory stimuli in children with FAS. Furthermore, neuropsychological studies have identified impairment in overall intellectual functioning, fine and gross motor performance, and adaptive functioning.
The dangerous mix of adolescents and dietary supplements for weight loss and muscle building: legal strategies for state action

Adolescents use dietary supplements marketed for weight loss or muscle building, but these are not recommended by physicians. These products are often ineffective, adulterated, mislabeled, or have unclear dosing recommendations, and consumers have suffered injury and death as a consequence. When Congress passed the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act, it stripped the Food and Drug Administration of its premarket authority, rendering regulatory controls too weak to adequately protect consumers. State government intervention is thus warranted. This article reviews studies reporting on Americans' use of dietary supplements marketed for weight loss or muscle building, notes the particular dangers these products pose to the youth, and suggests that states can build on their historical enactment of regulatory controls for products with potential health consequences to protect the public and especially young people from unsafe and mislabeled dietary supplements.
Transthoracic aspiration needle biopsy: value in the diagnosis of pulmonary infections

We reviewed 441 transthoracic needle aspiration biopsies to evaluate the use of the procedure in the diagnosis of pulmonary infections. Sixty-seven (15%) of the biopsies were performed because pulmonary infection was suspected. In these 67 cases, a specific diagnosis was made in 45 (67%). In 46 cases in which infection was ultimately found to be present, aspiration biopsy identified the organism in 35 (76%). Overall, clinically useful information was obtained in 54 (81%) of the 67 biopsies performed for pulmonary infection. In 369 biopsies performed for suspected malignant neoplasm, pulmonary infection was diagnosed in 13. The only significant complication was pneumothorax, which occurred in 18% of the biopsies. Chest tube placement was required in 5% of the biopsies. We conclude that transthoracic aspiration needle biopsy is of value in the diagnosis of suspected pulmonary infections.
Systems ecology and environmentalism: Getting the science right. Part I: Facets for a more holistic Nature Book of ecology

Abstract This is the first of two numbered papers for this Special Issue dealing with the ecological basis of environmentalism. The second follows, in a subsequent issue if not here. Patten (2013) gives a short preview of both papers. Problems of environmentalism—environmental protection, conservation, and preservation—are now widely appreciated as important to human enterprise and destiny. Called to attention by advances in descriptive empirical ecology, the new problems are too complex for this same ecology to solve without further expansion of basic knowledge. To understand how nature works two kinds of science are needed, one empirical, describing what is immediate and tangible, the other theoretical, developing first-principles understanding of what is indirect and intangible. Development of a complex systems theory based ecology is hindered by over-commitment of attention and resources to applied environmentalism. This may in its inadequacy run counter to how nature works, which could be detrimental to both humanity and nature. It is important to get the science right. As background for a revisionary hypothesis presented in Part II, five elements of basic ecology and five of applied environmentalism are here reviewed. The basic topics are ecological energetics, linear vs. nonlinear dynamics, steady vs. non-steady states, epistemic mediation, and indirect effects. The environmental topics are overpopulation, biodiversity, invasive species, sustainability, and global change.
Osteoinductive bone graft substitutes

This review will summarize the major efforts currently underway to develop osteoinductive bone graft substitutes for minimally invasive spine fusions. The primary categories of substitute include purified bone growth factors, recombinant bone growth factors, and growth factors delivered by gene therapy approaches. Clinical trials are underway for the purified and recombinant bone growth factors and pre-clinical studies have yielded promising results for a variety of gene therapy techniques for generating bone.
Network theory and small groups

This article describes the network approach to small groups. First, the core constructs that compose social network research are explained. The primary theories that provide the intellectual underpinning of the network approach are described, including theories of self-interest, theories of social exchange or dependency, theories of mutual or collective interest, cognitive theories, and theories of homophily. Highlights of the empirical work examining the internal and external networks of small groups is summarized. Finally, the primary challenges researchers face when applying the network perspective to small groups, and the primary benefits that can accrue to researchers who adopt that perspective, are enumerated.
Parental involvement and mental well-being of Indian adolescents.

This study examined the association between parental involvement and mental well-being among the 6721 school-going adolescents aged 13 to 15 years who participated in India’s nationally-representative Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS) in 2007. Parental involvement (homework checking, parental understanding of their children’s problems, and parental knowledge of their children’s free-time activities) was reported by students to decrease with age, while poor mental health (loneliness, insomnia due to anxiety, and sadness and hopelessness) increased with age. Age adjusted Logistic regression models showed that high levels of reported parental involvement were significantly associated with a decreased likelihood of poor mental health.
A new helical antenna design for better on-and off-boresight axial ratio performance

A new helical antenna design and its measured performance are presented. This modified helical antenna provides significant improvement in the purity of the circular polarization performance over its half-power beamwidth and is most suitable for space communication application where circular polarization purity and minimum-edge-coverage gain are often required.
North American Tropical Cyclone Landfall and SST: A Statistical Model Study

A statistical-stochastic model of the complete life cycle of North Atlantic (NA) tropical cyclones (TCs) is used to examine the relationship between climate and landfall rates along the North American Atlantic and Gulf Coasts. The model draws on archived data of TCs throughout the North Atlantic to estimate landfall rates at high geographic resolution as a function of the ENSO state and one of two different measures of sea surface temperature (SST): 1) SST averaged over the NA subtropics and the hurricane season and 2) this SST relative to the seasonal global subtropical mean SST (termed relSST). Here, the authors focus on SST by holding ENSO to a neutral state. Jackknife uncertainty tests are employed to test the significance of SST and relSST landfall relationships. There are more TC and major hurricane landfalls overall in warm years than cold, using either SST or relSST, primarily due to a basinwide increase in the number of storms. The signal along the coast, however, is complex. Some regions have large and significant sensitivity (e.g., an approximate doubling of annual major hurricane landfall probability on Texas from -2 to +2 standard deviations in relSST), while other regions have no significant sensitivity (e.g., the U.S. mid-Atlantic and Northeast coasts). This geographic structure is due to both shifts in the regions of primary TC genesis and shifts in TC propagation.
Catalytic growth of boron nitride nanotubes using gas precursors

Abstract Hexagonal boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) are synthesized at low substrate temperatures on nickel (Ni)- or cobalt (Co)-coated oxidized Si (1 1 1) wafers in a microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD) system by decomposition and reaction of gas mixtures consisting of B 2 H 6 –NH 3 –H 2 . The growth of one-dimensional (1-D) BN nanostructures is obtained at an optimum combination of catalyst film thickness, substrate temperature, and precursor gas flow rates. The morphology, composition and structural properties of the BNNTs are analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), selected area diffraction (SAD), and Raman spectroscopy. The patterned growth of BNNTs is also demonstrated.
Characterization of streptomycin resistance mechanisms among Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from patients in New York City

From a collection of 367 isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from patients in New York City in 1994, 45 isolates (12.3%) were resistant in vitro to 2 micrograms or more of streptomycin (SM) per ml. We further evaluated these isolates for levels of SM resistance and for mutations previously associated with resistance in the rpsL (S12 ribosomal protein) gene and the rrs (16S rRNA)-coding region. Twenty-four isolates, representing nine distinct patterns of susceptibility to antituberculosis drugs, were resistant to 500 micrograms of SM per ml and shared a common point mutation at nucleotide 128 in the rpsL gene. This mutation, which substitutes lysine for arginine in the S12 ribosomal binding protein, was not present in isolates with low-level SM resistance or in SM-susceptible control isolates. Among 20 isolates with low-level SM resistance, one possessed a substitution (C-->G865) in the 912 loop of the rrs gene. No mutations in the 530 loop of the rrs coding region were detected, suggesting the presence of an alternative SM resistance mechanism in 19 isolates. Single-strand conformation polymorphisms of mutants were readily detected by a nonradioactive gel screen.
Surface modification of poly(vinyl chloride) for antithrombogenicity study

A process was established to conduct heparinization on the surface of poly(vinyl chloride) for antithrombogenicity utilization. A bifunctional monomer, glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), was grafted onto the surface of PVC by gas-phase photografting polymerization without degassing first; then heparin was immobilized onto the poly(glycidyl methacrylate) segments. The branch structure of GMA and heparin were characterized by Fourier transfer infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and electron spectroscopy (ESCA). It was confirmed that the bifunctional monomer GMA and heparin were grafted successfully onto the surface of PVC. The antithrombogenicity of the samples was tested both in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Results indicated that the blood compatibility of those products was improved greatly. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 1013–1018, 2002
Response of deep-sea benthonic Foraminifera to development of the psychrosphere near the Eocene/Oligocene boundary

A dominant feature of present-day thermohaline circulation in oceans is the production of cold Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) in the Weddell and Ross Seas and along the continental margin off Antarctica. The cold, dense AABW formed at or near the surface sinks to abyssal depths and travels throughout the ocean basins. AABW circulation was suggested to have begun near the Eocene/Oligocene boundary with the development of the psychrosphere (lower cold layer of a two-layer ocean with temperatures <10°C) inferred from ostracode faunal data1 and oxygen isotopic evidence from closely-spaced samples in DSDP site 277 (ref. 2). Previous studies suggested that the temperature change associated with the development of the psychrosphere caused a crisis for deep-sea ostrocodes1 and deep-sea benthonic Foraminifera3. I consider here the response of benthonic Foraminifera to the development of the psychrosphere.
The value of routine glucose determination in spinal fluid without pleocytosis.

presented. I n spite of moderate to severe recurrent iron deficiency anemia and an estimated daily pu lmonary blood loss of 30 to 40 ml., the patient never had clinical or radiologic evidence of pulmonary disease. Idiopathic pu lmonary hemosiderosis should be considered as a cause of iron deficiency anemia, especially in the older child in whom attempts to demonstrate a source of gastrointestinal bleeding are unrevealing.
Prosecution of batterers: views of African American battered women.

Findings from 207 interviews of urban, African American women indicated that 65% of the women said they favored prosecution of their abusers. A logistic regression showed that the following independent variables were related to significantly decreased odds of opposing prosecution: prosecution being initiated, being separated from partner, and abuser's use of alcohol and/or drugs during violent incidents in the last 6 months. Bivariate analysis showed that a long history of severe abuse by the partner was associated with favoring prosecution. The most common reasons that women gave for favoring prosecution were that abuse is illegal and not acceptable and that abusers should not violate or touch women. The most common reasons for opposing prosecution were that women believed the incident was not serious or was the first time he was violent. The study can be used to expand discussion about prosecution of batterers. Language: en
Fluid Dynamic Models of Flagellar and Ciliary Beating

We have developed a fluid-mechanical model of a eucaryotic axoneme that couples the internal force generation of dynein molecular motors, the passive elastic mechanics of microtubules, and forces due to nexin links with a surrounding incompressible fluid. This model has been used to examine both ciliary beating and flagellar motility. In this article, we show preliminary simulation results for sperm motility in both viscous and viscoelastic fluids, as well as multiciliary interaction with a mucus layer.
Travel and Empire in Wertenbaker's Our Country's Good

In her article "Travel and Empire in Wertenbaker's Our Country's Good" Yi-chin Shih analyzes Our Country's Good from the perspective of travel in order to explore the exercise of empire and the practice of resistance. Considered as one of the luminaries in British theater, Timberlake Wertenbaker (1951-) has produced several successful works, especially Our Country's Good (1988), which won her a Laurence Olivier Award for the Best Play and solidified her reputation as an important playwright in world theater. Our Country's Good is based on real historical facts about the First Fleet's transportation of criminals from England to Australia to build New South Wales in 1787. Shih explores aspects of travel in the early colonial period of Australian history and its relationship between travel and empire. Yi-chin Shih, "Travel and Empire in Wertenbaker's Our Country's Good" page 2 of 8 CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture 14.5 (2012): Special issue New Work about the Journey and Its Portrayals. Ed. I-Chun Wang
Nontraditional Student Engagement: Increasing Adult Student Success and Retention

Abstract Today, more than any other time in history, student demographics of college and university students in the United States are experiencing rapid and profound changes. Along with these increases in nontraditional student enrollment comes an increasing percentage of working nontraditional college students with a multitude of commitments that serve to create barriers to educational success that traditional student learners do not have in a traditional college setting. This article reviews findings from a study of nontraditional students’ perceptions of satisfaction and engagement in campus activities and explore reasons and motivations that influence their pursuit of further educational activity.
Therapists' group attachments and their expectations of patients' attitudes about group therapy.

A large body of literature has supported the application of attachment theory to the understanding of psychotherapy. In addition, a more recent social psychological literature is exploring the appl...
Essential role for orbitofrontal serotonin 1B receptors in obsessive-compulsive disorder-like behavior and serotonin reuptake inhibitor response in mice.

Background Perseveration and sensorimotor gating deficits are core features of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Serotonin 1B receptor (5-HT1BR) agonists exacerbate OCD symptoms in patients and induce perseveration and sensorimotor gating deficits in mice. Serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs), but not noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (NRIs), reduce OCD symptoms following 4 to 8 weeks of treatment. Using mice, we compared the effects of chronic SRI versus NRI treatment on 5-HT1BR-induced OCD-like behavior and 5-HT1BR sensitivity in orbitofrontal-subcortical OCD circuits. Furthermore, we localized the 5-HT1BR population that mediates OCD-like behavior. Methods Mice chronically received the SRI clomipramine or the NRI desipramine and were examined for 5-HT1BR-induced OCD-like behavior or 5-HT1BR binding and G-protein coupling in caudate putamen, nucleus accumbens, and orbitofrontal cortex. Separate mice were tested for OCD- or depression-like behavior following 4, 14, 21, 28, or 56 days of SRI treatment. Finally, OCD-like behavior was assessed following intra-orbitofrontal 5-HT1BR agonist infusion or intra-orbitofrontal 5-HT1BR antagonist infusion coupled with systemic 5-HT1BR agonist treatment. Results Effective, but not ineffective, OCD treatments reduced OCD-like behavior in mice with a time course that parallels the delayed therapeutic onset in OCD patients and downregulated 5-HT1BR expression in the orbitofrontal cortex. Intra-orbitofrontal 5-HT1BR agonist infusion induced OCD-like behavior, and intra-orbitofrontal 5-HT1BR antagonist infusion blocked OCD-like effects of systemic 5-HT1BR agonist treatment. Conclusions These results indicate that orbitofrontal 5-HT1BRs are necessary and sufficient to induce OCD-like behavior in mice and that SRI pharmacotherapy reduces OCD-like behavior by desensitizing orbitofrontal 5-HT1BRs. Our findings suggest an essential role for orbitofrontal 5-HT1BRs in OCD pathophysiology and treatment.
Flavonoids of Brickellia diffusa

Abstract The annual species, Brickellia diffusa , was investigated for its flavonoid content. Five mono- and diglycosides of kaempferol, a quercetin diglycoside and a 6-methoxyquercetagetin mono-glycoside were isolated.
Relaxation of rat tail artery to electrical stimulation.

Summary Rat tail artery strips relax in response to electrical stimulation (0.1-8Hz, 9V, 1.0msec) following contraction induced by norepinephrine (5.9xl0 −7 M). The relaxation is not altered by treatment of the strips with atropine, propranolol, tetrodotoxin or indomethacin nor by chemical denervation with 6-hydroxydopamine. Incubation of strips in calcium-free solution reduced the contractile response to norepinephrine and blocked relaxation in response to 4Hz electrical stimulation. Histamine antagonists (H 2 receptor subclass: Cimetidine, metiamide) inhibited the relaxation to electrical stimulation in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that relaxation to electrical stimulation in rat tail artery is modulated by calcium and by the H 2 subclass of histamine receptors.
Buried Tracks: Ichnological Applications of High-Frequency Georadar

Recognition and sampling of traces in unconsolidated sands present a major challenge for ichnologists. This can be partially remedied through the application of high-resolution geophysical techniques, such as ground-penetrating radar (GPR or georadar), which uses electromagnetic impulse for continuous imaging of shallow subsurface. It addition to geological applications, GPR imaging has been used in several studies focused on animal traces as related to conservation of endangered fossorial species (Kinlaw et al., 2007; Martin et al., 2011), slope and levee stability (Nichol et al., 2003; Di Prinzio et al., 2010), and mapping of fossil tracks (Matthews et al., 2006; Aucoin and Hasbargen, 2010) and tracking surfaces (Webb, 2007). Few efforts have been dedicated specifically to characterizing burrow and track characteristics (Stott, 1996; Sensors & Software Inc., 2010 [compilation on geophysical projects related to animal burrows]; Buynevich and Hasiotis, 2011; Buynevich et al., 2011; Martin et al., 2011) an...
Secondary structure assignment for conformationally irregular peptides: comparison between DSSP, STRIDE and KAKSI.

Abstract Secondary structure assignment codes were built to explore the regularities associated with the periodic motifs of proteins, such as those in backbone dihedral angles or in hydrogen bonds between backbone atoms. Precise structure assignment is challenging because real-life secondary structures are susceptible to bending, twist, fraying and other deformations that can distance them from their geometrical prototypes. Although results from codes such as DSSP and STRIDE converge in well-ordered structures, the agreement between the secondary structure assignments is known to deteriorate as the conformations become more distorted. Conformationally irregular peptides therefore offer a great opportunity to explore the differences between these codes. This is especially important for unfolded proteins and intrinsically disordered proteins, which are known to exhibit residual and/or transient secondary structure whose characterization is challenging. In this work, we have carried out Molecular Dynamics simulations of (relatively) disordered peptides, specifically gp41659–671 (ELLELDKWASLWN), the homopeptide polyasparagine (N18), and polyasparagine dimers. We have analyzed the resulting conformations with DSSP and STRIDE, based on hydrogen-bond patterns (and dihedral angles for STRIDE), and KAKSI, based on α-Carbon distances; and carefully characterized the differences in structural assignments. The full-sequence Segment Overlap (SOV) scores, that quantify the agreement between two secondary structure assignments, vary from 70% for gp41659–671 (STRIDE as reference) to 49% for N18 (DSSP as reference). Major differences are observed in turns, in the distinction between α and 310 helices, and in short parallel-sheet segments.
Spectroscopy And Photochemistry In Cryogenic Solutions

Ultraviolet and infrared spectra are presented for CO2, CH2O, CD2O, CC12F2, C2H3C1, CH3OH, and 0s04 dissolved in liquified Xe, Kr, Ar, or air, and SeF6 dissolved in solid Xe. The infrared absorption features in the liquid solutions are narrower than the corresponding gas phase vibrational bands but broader than rotational lines. Absorption bands in the solids are narrower than in the liquids. Absorption bands in SeF6 exhibit the Se-isotope splitting. The frequencies of the absorption features are observed to shift with solvent, temperature, and isotopic composition. High solute densities (1017 to 1019 molecules/cm3) are obtainable. Some unstable compounds, such as CH2O monomer at 1018 molecules/cm3, form stable cryogenic solutions. Cryogenic solutions are shown to be useful for spectroscopic detection of parts per million to parts per billion impurities in gases and for photochemically induced isotope separation.© (1978) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.