cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Streamline-based history matching of bottomhole pressure and three-phase production data using a multiscale approach

Abstract Reconciling geological models to the available dynamic information, commonly known as history matching, is an essential step for optimizing reservoir management and field development strategies, including improved recovery methods. There are several challenges in the current history matching workflow, particularly for high resolution geologic models with multimillion cells and complex geologic architecture. Streamline-based inverse modeling has shown great promise in this respect because of computational efficiency and analytic calculation of sensitivity of production response to reservoir properties. However, the current streamline-based approach has mostly been applied to history matching water-cut and tracer response in two-phase flow. More recently streamline-based sensitivity calculations have been extended to bottomhole pressure and gas-oil ratio. This allows for generalization of streamline-based history matching to the three-phase. In this paper we present an integrated application of the streamline-based three-phase history matching by incorporating water-cut, gas-oil ratio and bottomhole pressure data while updating high resolution geologic models. The crux of our approach lies in the analytic computation of well response sensitivities based on streamline which allows for efficient inversion of production and pressure data. We also validate the accuracy and efficiency of the streamline-based bottomhole pressure sensitivities by comparison with an adjoint-based method using a finite-difference simulator. In the history matching workflow, we incorporate the streamline-based method within a multiscale framework to account for the disparity in resolution of different types of history data. This integrated method proposed in this paper leads to capturing of the large- and fine-scale heterogeneity while matching the pressure and production responses efficiently. We demonstrate the power and utility of the streamline-based approach using synthetic and field applications with three phases. The synthetic example involves the SPE9 benchmark field case with waterflooding and aquifer drive. The field example involves full-field history matching of the Norne Field in the North Sea using water-cut, gas-oil ratio and bottomhole pressure data. The proposed multiscale workflow clearly demonstrates the power and advantage of our approach in achieving geologically consistent history matching at the full-field level.
Independent prognostic value of left ventricular contractile reserve and chronotropic response in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction undergoing vasodilator stress myocardial perfusion imaging with Rb-82 positron emission tomography.

Objectives We evaluated the prognostic value of heart rate reserve (ΔHR) and left ventricular ejection fraction reserve (ΔLVEF) among patients with systolic dysfunction. Background Inadequate ΔHR (maximal stress HR - resting HR) and ΔLVEF (LVEF at stress - LVEF at rest) in response to stress are associated with adverse cardiac events. However, the significance of an abnormal ΔHR and ΔLVEF in patients with systolic dysfunction has not been described. Methods and results We performed a retrospective analysis of patients with rest LVEF < 45% who underwent dipyridamole stress-rest gated Rb-82 PET myocardial perfusion imaging (PET-MPI) at the Cleveland Clinic between 2006 and 2009. Stress LVEF and volumes were calculated using commercially available software (4DM). A Cox proportional hazards model (CPH) was used to examine the association between ΔLVEF, ΔHR, and all-cause death (ACD). Among 461 patients (mean age 65.7 ± 11.3 years, 82% men) 167 experienced ACD (median follow-up 1045 days). Survival was reduced among patients with ΔHR < 0 (1090 vs. 1300 days, P = 0.04) and ΔLVEF < 0 (1002 vs. 1057 days, P = 0.03). In a CPH after adjusting for confounding variables, ΔHR ≤ 0 and ΔLVEF ≤ 0 were associated with reduced survival (hazard ratio 0.93, P < 0.01 and 0.84, P = 0.01, respectively) with an interaction between age and ΔHR (χ2 = 8.1, P < 0.01). Our model predicts that the magnitude of ΔHR is associated with improved survival among younger patients. For any given ΔLVEF the magnitude of ΔHR has a greater positive effect on survival among younger patients. Conclusion Both ΔHR and ΔLVEF during pharmacologic stress PET-MPI provide incremental value in predicting ACD among patients with systolic dysfunction.
Temperature and Humidity Dependence for Household- and City-Wide Electricity Demand Prediction in Managua, Nicaragua.

Hourly electrical energy demand predictions improve grid reliability, stability, and minimize costs by maintaining system frequency and optimizing unit commitment and economic dispatch. Weather data, specifically ambient temperature and humidity, is commonly used as a predictor for demand. This paper utilizes the data from a recent demand response and behavioral energy efficiency pilot in Managua, Nicaragua in order to evaluate the relationship between household temperature and demand data, city-wide temperature and demand data, and the potential for utilizing household-level data to predict city-wide demand. Results from this paper indicate that temperature and humidity data can help to inform both household-level and city-wide prediction of electricity demand. Further, the available household level data was found to have a limited relationship with city-wide demand.
Development and preliminary validation of the Parenting around SNAcking Questionnaire (P-SNAQ).

Abstract Snacking makes significant contributions to children's dietary intake but is poorly understood from a parenting perspective. This research was designed to develop and evaluate the psychometrics of a theoretically grounded, empirically-informed measure of snack parenting. The Parenting around SNAcking Questionnaire (P-SNAQ) was developed using a conceptual model derived from current theory and mixed-methods research to include 20 hypothesized snack parenting practices along 4 parenting dimensions (autonomy support, structure, coercive control and permissiveness). Expert panel evaluation and cognitive interviews were used to refine items and construct definitions. The initial instrument of 105 items was administered to an ethnically diverse, low-income sample of 305 parents (92% mothers) of children aged 1–6 y participating in three existing cohort studies. The sample was randomly split into two equal samples. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted with the first sample to identify snack parenting practices within each parenting dimension, followed by confirmatory factor analysis with the second sample to test the hypothesized factor structure. Internal consistency of sub-scales and associations with existing measures of food parenting practices and styles and child weight status were evaluated. The final P-SNAQ scale included 51 items reflecting 14 snack parenting practices across four parenting dimensions. The factor structure of the P-SNAQ was consistent with prior theoretical frameworks. Internal consistency coefficients were good to very good for 12 out of 14 scales and subscale scores were moderately correlated with previously validated measures. In conclusion, initial evidence suggests that P-SNAQ is a psychometrically sound measure for evaluating a wide range of snack parenting practices in young children.
Not Mr. Mom: Navigating Discourses for Stay-at-Home Fathers:

This study examines the ways men who identify as stay-at-home fathers in the United States (N = 40) both resist and comply with traditional expectations of masculinities. Through the use of qualita...
Legal Fallibility and the Drama of Evidence in the Works of Heinrich von Kleist

This chapter explores the codification trends and use of gesture protocols in law and public trials in the final decades of the eighteenth century, which are linked to the dramatic exploration of error in interpreting legal evidence, testimony, and gesture in Kleist’s dramas Der zerbrochne Krug and Die Familie Schroffenstein. Positing links between rationalistic criminological texts published in the Archiv des Criminalrechts, changes in interrogation practice, Kleist’s legal education, and Kleist’s skepticism regarding theatrical practice as demonstrated in his Marionettentheater essay and his dramas, the chapter suggests that Kleist’s work serves as a response to changes in legal practice and highlight the potential errors in a legal system that proposes to extract absolute truth from objects, words, and bodies. As the legal field is becoming increasingly preoccupied with quantifying evidence and perfecting observation through testimony, Kleist is pulling the rug from under these very concepts.
Economics and Environmental Markets: Lessons from Water-Quality Trading

Water-quality trading is an area of active development in environmental markets. Unlike iconic national-scale air-emission trading programs, water-quality trading programs address local or regional water quality and are largely the result of innovations in water-pollution regulation by state or substate authorities rather than by national agencies. This article examines lessons from these innovations about the “real world” meaning of trading and its mechanisms, the economic merits of alternative institutional designs, utilization of economic research in program development, and research needed to improve the success of environmental markets for water quality.
Optimization of Structural Damage Detection Planning for Civil Infrastructure

This paper presents an approach for optimum structural damage detection planning under uncertainty. The uncertainties associated with damage occurrence, propagation and inspection are considered in the proposed approach. Optimum damage detection plan is a solution of a bi-objective optimization under uncertainty consisting in simultaneously minimizing the damage detection delay and the total inspection cost. The Pareto solution associated with optimum damage detection planning under uncertainty provides the optimum type of inspections and inspection times. The proposed approach can be applied to a wide rang of civil infrastructure systems under various deterioration mechanisms including corrosion and fatigue.
Joint Indirect Standardization when Only Marginal Distributions are Observed in the Index Population.

It is a common interest in medicine to determine whether a hospital meets a benchmark created from an aggregate reference population, after accounting for differences in distributions of multiple c...
Impact of Ga-68 DOTATATE scan on clinical management of neuroendocrine tumor patients (NET): A single center review of 200 Scans.

e16187Background: Gallium 68 dotatate (DOTA) scanning provides physiologic imaging and assists in the localization of disease in somatostatin receptor positive NET patients (pts). Questions regardi...
Evaluation of Outpatient Anticoagulation Bridging after Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD) Implantation

Purpose The LVAD is a mechanical circulatory support device that provides hemodynamic support to patients with heart failure. An antithrombotic regimen including warfarin (target international normalized ratio [INR] 2.0-3.0) and aspirin is standard of care following LVAD implantation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety of outpatient anticoagulation bridging in the setting of a subtherapeutic INR following LVAD implantation. Methods This study is a retrospective, single-center cohort of adult patients who underwent LVAD implantation (HeartMate II™ or HeartMate 3™). Patients receiving warfarin and at least one dose of therapeutic enoxaparin or fondaparinux for anticoagulation bridging in the outpatient setting between September 1, 2015 and June 30, 2018 were included. The primary endpoint was the incidence of bleeding complications within 1 week of completing the bridging episode. Secondary endpoints included the incidence of new hemolysis or thrombotic events within 30 days, INR at the time of bridge initiation, duration of anticoagulation bridge, and management of bleeding events associated with the bridging episode. Results Data from 160 bridging episodes in 44 patients were analyzed. The majority of patients had implantation of a HeartMate II™ LVAD (93.2%). Enoxaparin was the predominant bridging anticoagulant (97.7%). The primary endpoint occurred during 25 encounters (15.6%) in 14 patients. Of these events, 11 systemic bleeding episodes (6.9%) occurred. Local bleeding complications included injection site bleeding (1.9%), bruising (6.3%), and hematomas (0.6%). The majority of bleeding episodes (81.0%) were self-managed by the patient or with monitoring [INR or bleeding] only. Data analysis of new hemolysis, stroke, and/or thrombosis within 30 days of any bridging episode is ongoing. The mean pre- and post-bridge INRs were 1.63 and 2.58, respectively. The average duration of a bridging episode was 4.6 days (median 3.8). Conclusion Outpatient anticoagulation bridging following LVAD implantation was associated with a modest risk of bleeding complications. The majority of bleeding episodes were localized events treated with self-management only. Results of this study may suggest an overall benefit of bridging during periods of subtherapeutic warfarin therapy following LVAD implantation, pending further data analysis.
Intranasal IgG4/7 antibody responses protect horses against equid herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) infection including nasal virus shedding and cell-associated viremia.

Abstract Equid herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) outbreaks continue despite widely used vaccination. We demonstrated previously that an ORF1/ORF71 gene deletion mutant of the EHV-1 strain Ab4 (Ab4ΔORF1/71) is less virulent than its parent Ab4 virus. Here, we describe the Ab4 challenge infection evaluating protection induced by the Ab4ΔORF1/71 vaccine candidate. Susceptible control horses developed respiratory disease, fever, nasal shedding, and viremia. Full protection after challenge infection was observed in 5/5 previously Ab4 infected horses and 3/5 Ab4ΔORF1/71 horses. Two Ab4ΔORF1/71 horses developed short-lasting viremia and/or virus shedding. Protective immunity in the respiratory tract was characterized by pre-existing EHV-1-specific IgG4/7 antibodies, the absence of IFN-α secretion and rapidly increasing IgG4/7 upon challenge infection. Pre-existing systemic EHV-1-specific IgG4/7 highly correlated with protection. T-cell immunity was overall low. In conclusion, protective immunity against EHV-1 infection including prevention of viremia was associated with robust systemic and intranasal IgG4/7 antibodies suggesting immediate virus neutralization at the local site.
A Young-Planet Search in Visible and Infrared Light: DN Tauri, V836 Tauri, and V827 Tauri*

In searches for low-mass companions to late-type stars, correlation between radial velocity variations and line bisector slope changes indicates contamination by large starspots. Two young stars demonstrate that this test is not sufficient to rule out starspots as a cause of radial velocity variations. As part of our survey for substellar companions to T Tauri stars, we identified the ~2 Myr old planet host candidates DN Tau and V836 Tau. In both cases, visible-light radial velocity modulation appears periodic and is uncorrelated with line bisector span variations, suggesting close companions of several MJup in these systems. However, high-resolution, infrared spectroscopy shows that starspots cause the radial velocity variations. We also report unambiguous results for V827 Tau, identified as a spotted star on the basis of both visible-light and infrared spectroscopy. Our results suggest that infrared follow-up observations are critical for determining the source of radial velocity modulation in young, spotted stars.
Neuroimaging and radiation exposure in pregnancy.

Abstract Physiologic changes occurring in pregnancy and postpartum can have secondary effects on the maternal nervous system. While most alterations to neurologic function during pregnancy are transient, there is an elevated risk for more serious complication in the peripartum period, such as cerebrovascular events or exacerbation of preexisting neurologic conditions. Due to the morbidity and mortality associated with these neurologic manifestations in some cases, timely diagnostic evaluation is essential. In the pregnant population, the use of diagnostic techniques such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), commonly employed to evaluate emergent neurologic abnormalities, requires special consideration of the potential risks associated with prenatal exposure. This review discusses several neurologic conditions affecting women during pregnancy for which diagnostic imaging may be warranted. Concerns relating to CT and MRI procedures, radiation exposure in utero, and exposure to intravenous contrast by placental transfer and breastfeeding are also reviewed.
An integrated approach for safer and economical design of Hydrogen refueling stations

Abstract The recent Hydrogen Refueling Station (HRS) explosion in Norway confirms the need for improved design of these facilities to further facilitate the commercialization of a Hydrogen economy. Currently HRS designs are primarily based on the consideration of economics to supply Hydrogen at a competitive price and their safety is evaluated through Quantitative Risk Assessment as dictated by the codes and the standards. However, the absence of relevant safety perspective in the early design stage itself leads to a possibility of HRS being overdesigned in terms of safety. In this study, we propose an integrated model using queuing theory, process synthesis, QRA and economic analysis for designing HRS. The application of the integrated model is demonstrated using the inherently safer design philosophy. For the base design under consideration, it was observed that reducing liquid storage capacity can significantly reduce the risk associated with explosion along with an improvement in HRS economics, while reducing dispenser hose diameter can reduce the risk associated with jet-fire with a slight detriment to HRS economics.
Towards a praxis of educational solidarity

on education. Journal for research and debate 4 (2021) 10, 7 S. Padagogische Teildisziplin: Schulpadagogik; Bildungssoziologie;
Spin Waves in an Amorphous Heisenberg Ferromagnet

Theoretical investigations of the ferromagnetic properties of noncrystalline solids have taken two directions - mean-field theories and Green-function calculations. The Green-function calculations1–3 have been applied only to disordered alloys or, at least, to systems in which a Bravais lattice exists; on the other hand, only mean-field theories have been applied to truly amorphous systems. As an approach to investigate the properties of an amorphous ferromagnet, the mean-field calculations4–7 have been deficient in several respects. They have not taken into proper consideration the structure of the amorphous material. Furthermore, although experiments have indicated that structural order reduces the spontaneous magnetization σ and Curie temperature Tc of the amorphous material below that of the corresponding crystalline problem, some mean-field calculations predict an increase in σ and Tc. We now present a Green-function calculation of the spectrum of an amorphous Heisenberg Ferromagnet which takes into consideration the characteristic structure of an amorphous material and which also predicts a reduction of σ and Tc.
Using Generative Learning Strategies for Assessment of Student Understanding in a Principles of Microeconomics Course

According to the generative theory of learning, people understand new concepts by idiosyncratically relating them to prior experiences and prior stored information. In the case of economics, students’ prior experiences can interfere with their correct understanding of the material. Although instructors may anticipate common student errors, unless the underlying incorrect mindset is directly addressed misperceptions may persist. This paper describes a practical strategy for using generative learning teaching techniques to help instructors assess whether students are correctly integrating new learning within the context of their prior experience. Insights from a piloting of the technique are discussed.
A note on the estimation of the generalization error and the prevention of overfitting [machine learning]

Valid generalization and overfitting are closely related issues in the theory of machine learning. In the context of multilayer perceptrons (MLPs) it is usually assumed that improved generalization can be achieved by reducing the functionality of the network. Overfitting is battled by cross-validation methods. A different look on these subjects is proposed by this paper. A Radial-Basis-Function (RBF) network is developed that provides statistically consistent estimates of the expected generalization error induced by arbitrary MLPs. Using the RBF network as a teacher for the MLP, a new batch backpropagation-type learning algorithm is developed that minimizes directly the estimated generalization error. The on-line version of this algorithm calls for a random generalization of the training set. It is concluded that the problem of improved generalization performance is equivalent to the problem of valid generalization of the training data set. Therefore, both problems fall within the statistical context of nonparametric density estimation. >
Alkaline Earth Metals: Organometallic Chemistry

The organometallic chemistry of the alkaline earth metals has undergone a renaissance during the last decade with exciting novel uses of the organomagnesium reagents in synthetic chemistry to significantly extend the utility of these well-developed reagents. With the development of the organometallic chemistry of the heavier metals significantly lagging behind, and past work mainly focusing on and establishing π-bonded metal–ligand systems, intense research efforts during the last decade have contributed significantly to expand the understanding of the organometallic compounds of these metals, establishing σ-bonded organometallic compounds for the heavy alkaline earth metals. This improved insight did not only provide the basis for a more detailed understanding of the metal–ligand bonding characteristics, but also paved the way towards the successful applications of the compounds as polymerization initiators and in organic synthetic chemistry. This article summarizes some of the recent, exciting developments in regards to alkaline earth organometallics. Keywords: alkaline earth metals; organometallics; synthesis; chemical properties; structural features; recent developments
MIL-STD-3014 - Mission Data Exchange for the Netted Future

This paper describes the nature and benefits of a newly released military standard that was developed in cooperation with the Aircraft Store Integration Subcommittee (AS-1B) of SAE's Avionics Systems Division. MIL-STD-3014, Department of Defense Interface Standard for Mission Data Exchange Format or MiDEF, is an open-systems standard for binary data files that transport mission-specific programming data for precision munitions, uninhabited combat vehicles, and similar systems. For system developers and mission capability architects, MiDEF's benefits are its independence from communications protocols, flexibility and adaptability, evolution-oriented design, compact file size, and ease of use. MiDEF is designed to support current military evolution toward network-centric warfare, time-sensitive targeting, and precision munitions.
Satisfiability testing: recent developments and challenge problems

Recently, there has been much progress in the area of prepositional reasoning and search. Current techniques can handle problem instances with thousands of variables and up to a million clauses. This has led to new applications in areas such as planning, scheduling, protocol verification, and software testing. Much of the recent progress has resulted from a better understanding of the computational characteristics of the satisfiability problem. In particular, by exploiting connections between combinatorial problems and models from statistical physics, we now have methods that enable a much finer-grained characterization of computational complexity than the standard worst-case complexity measures. These findings provide insights into new algorithmic strategies based on randomization and distributed algorithm portfolios. I will survey the recent progress in this area and I will discuss the current state-of-the-art in propositional reasoning focusing on a series of challenge problems concerning propositional encodings, compilation techniques, approximate reasoning, robustness, and scalability.
The Effect of Client Integrity, Litigation, and Culture on European Materiality Estimates

The research examines the differences in materiality estimates for a sample of 181 experienced auditors from Big-Six firms located in Denmark, Ireland, Italy, Spain, Sweden, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom. We asked each auditor to estimate materiality for a client whose integrity his/her firm rated as either high or low (Bernardi and Arnold, 1994). The research found that low client integrity ratings resulted in lower materiality estimates for the European auditors. The research also indicates that as the cultural construct of uncertainty avoidance (Hofstede, 1980) increased, materiality estimates also increased. Although one might have anticipated that materiality would decrease with the level of litigation, it in fact increased. We also compared the data from the western European countries with the estimates from a group of 83 auditors from the same Big-Six firms located in the United States.
Organophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitors and fetal development

Abstract Albino rats at various stages of gestation were treated with isofluorophate, parathion, and methyl parathion. A reduction in fetal cerebral cortical cholinesterase activity was observed consistently indicating transplacental passage of the lipoid soluble phosphorothioates used in this study. Large subcutaneous hematomas were found in several offspring of the parathion- and methyl parathion-treated groups but no significant developmental defects were observed. High stillbirth and neonatal death rates occurred in the offspring of all treated animals and the average weight gain in surviving animals during the first 40 days of life was uniformly less than that of the control group.
Exploring Outcomes Related to Anxiety and Depression in Completers of a Randomized Controlled Trial of Complicated Grief Treatment.

The present study examines a more fine-grained analysis of anxiety-related and depression-related outcomes amongst a sample of treatment completers who were assigned to complicated grief treatment (CGT) (n = 35) or interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) (n = 34) in a previously reported randomized controlled trial. We examined effects of antidepressant use and measures of anxiety and depression, focusing especially on guilt related to the death or deceased and grief-related avoidance in order to further understand the differential effectiveness of CGT and IPT amongst participants who received the full course of treatment. Analyses showed that CGT produced greater reductions in anxiety and depressive symptoms including negative thoughts about the future and grief-related avoidance. CGT's advantage over IPT in lowering depression was most pronounced amongst those not taking antidepressants. Our results further elucidate CGT effects and support the idea that CG and major depressive disorder are distinct conditions. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Key Practitioner Message Targeted treatment for complicated grief (CG) produces benefits in associated mood and anxiety symptoms and CG symptoms. Amongst patients with CG, interpersonal psychotherapy seems relatively ineffective in ameliorating depressive symptoms. Grief-related depressive symptoms may not respond to standard treatments unless CG symptoms are also addressed. Reducing grief-related symptoms, such as anxieties about the future, guilt related to the death or deceased and avoidance of reminders of the loss may be important aspects in reducing CG.
A predictive schedule model for satellite subsystem hardware delivery in an earned value environment

Category 2 NASA satellite missions involve design, fabrication, assembly, test and integration of numerous complex systems, subsystems, and instruments and require a large team of scientists and engineers. JHU/APL engineers often leverage proven design and technology solutions; however, since JHU/APL fosters a culture of continuous improvement, the design solutions rarely replicate themselves. In this unique environment, the team is constantly challenged with maintaining schedule while managing a plethora of risks for designs that have limited heritage and little relevant historical schedule data. In particular, hardware development is subject to risk factors that are difficult to predict during the planning phases of a program based on current approaches to estimating activity durations. If we can understand and quantify the variation in as-built activity durations for hardware development at the activity level, we may be able to correlate schedule durations with physical hardware characteristics to produce a model that more accurately predicts hardware development timeframes for future programs. A detailed analysis of data was performed at or below the activity level using the project Production Schedule (PS) and the JHU/APL Business Process Management (BPM) system to identify physical characteristics that may be correlated with activity durations. If statistically significant relationships exist between these factors, we can build a model to more accurately predict hardware development durations for future programs and establish an objective baseline to measure earned value performance.1 2
Response to Nadler's Commentary on Arch and Craske's (2011) “Addressing Relapse in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Panic Disorder: Methods for Optimizing Long-Term Treatment Outcomes”

Abstract Nadler (this issue), in his commentary of our article, “Addressing Relapse in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Panic Disorder: Methods for Optimizing Long-Term Treatment Outcomes” (Arch & Craske, 2011), argues that we misrepresent the role of panic attacks within learning theory and overlook cognitive treatment targets. He presents several case studies that he argues demonstrate how to target fears regarding the consequences of panic itself. We appreciate his raising these issues and creating the opportunity for discussion. We take issue, however, with two aspects of his commentary. First, his case studies beautifully illustrate a central point we make in our article regarding the importance of violating patient expectancies, and as such, exemplify our recommendations rather than illustrate what we may have overlooked. Second, Nadler's argument that we misidentify the role of panic attacks contradicts itself in ways that reveal his misunderstanding of the complexity of panic attacks from the perspective of learning theory (e.g., Bouton, Mineka, & Barlow, 2001 ), and disregard an important point we make in our article.
Electrophysiologic drug testing in prophylaxis of sporadic paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: technique, application, and efficacy in severely symptomatic preexcitation patients.

Abstract Electrophysiologic drug testing was performed in nine patients with severely symptomatic sporadic (2 to 13 [mean 4.2] attacks/24 months) paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF). All patients had control inductions of sustained (> 30 seconds) AF by high right atrial stimulation, and attempted inductions following serial administration of drugs. Drugs tested were intravenous procainamide (1.0 to 1.5 gm) (five patients), intravenous propranolol (0.1 mg/kg) (three patients), oral quinidine (1.6 to 2.4 gm/day) (six patients), oral disopyramide (1.2 to 1.6 gm/day) (four patients), and oral aprindine (100 to 250 mg/day) (four patients). In all patients, one or more drugs prevented induction of sustained AF: procainamide (one patient), quinidine (five patients), disopyramide (four patients), and aprindine (four patients). All patients were treated with drugs which prevented induction of sustained AF and followed for 8 to 40 (mean 24) months. Seven patients tolerated their drugs: six had no AF and one had several short nonsustained attacks. Two patients did not tolerate their drugs: one had paroxysmal palpitation (on decreased aprindine dosage), and one had AF (while off of aprindine). In conclusion, electrophysiologic drug testing is feasible in patients with sporadic PAF. Inability to induce sustained AF following drug administration suggests successful prophylaxis of spontaneous PAF with the same drug.
Subject Matter Content for an Electronic Quantity Food Production Management Textbook

Abstract Students entering education programs in dietetics and hospitality management often have large deficits in background knowledge and practical experience. Thus, educators face major challenges related to instruction and need cutting edge materials in order to facilitate high levels of learning and achievement from students. The purpose of this study was to determine the most significant topics, the best format for presentation, and the most needed supplementary instructional materials for teaching quantity food production management. The research objectives of this study were to determine the most significant topics and best presentation format for a quantity food production management textbook. Thirty Delphi Panelists meeting criteria of Ph.D., Assistant Professor or greater rank, and 5 years or more teaching experience were contacted. Eighteen experts participated. The topics chosen most significant included production planning, safety, sanitation, menu development, and costing. CD-ROM ranked highest as best presentation format with video, slide, demonstration, on-site illustrations and hands-on practice rated as most desired delivery systems. Research findings suggest a great need for computer based, visually illustrated learning materials.
Component and Process Analysis of Cognitive Therapy

A component and process analysis of cognitive therapy was conducted. Three components, distancing, cognitive restructuring, and behavioral homework, were presented in various sequential combinations during 12 wk. of treatment to 12 women between 22 and 64 yr. of age (M = 41.5 yr.). Time-series analyses of individual improvement suggested that components combined in an additive rather than interactive manner. The mechanisms through which components initiated therapeutic change were evaluated by measures assessing both cognitive and behavioral processes specific to depression. The results of the component and process analysis differed from predictions derived from cognitive theory. Replication with a larger sample is needed. Implications for the practice of and further research in cognitive therapy are discussed.
Reovirus σNS and μNS Proteins Form Cytoplasmic Inclusion Structures in the Absence of Viral Infection

Reovirus replication occurs in the cytoplasm of infected cells and culminates in the formation of crystalline arrays of progeny virions within viral inclusions. Two viral nonstructural proteins, σNS and μNS, and structural protein σ3 form protein-RNA complexes early in reovirus infection. To better understand the minimal requirements of viral inclusion formation, we expressed σNS, μNS, and σ3 alone and in combination in the absence of viral infection. In contrast to its concentration in inclusion structures during reovirus replication, σNS expressed in cells in the absence of infection is distributed diffusely throughout the cytoplasm and does not form structures that resemble viral inclusions. Expressed σNS is functional as it complements the defect in temperature-sensitive, σNS-mutant virus tsE320. In both transfected and infected cells, μNS is found in punctate cytoplasmic structures and σ3 is distributed diffusely in the cytoplasm and the nucleus. The subcellular localization of μNS and σ3 is not altered when the proteins are expressed together or with σNS. However, when expressed with μNS, σNS colocalizes with μNS to punctate structures similar in morphology to inclusion structures observed early in viral replication. During reovirus infection, both σNS and μNS are detectable 4 h after adsorption and colocalize to punctate structures throughout the viral life cycle. In concordance with these results, σNS interacts with μNS in a yeast two-hybrid assay and by coimmunoprecipitation analysis. These data suggest that σNS and μNS are the minimal viral components required to form inclusions, which then recruit other reovirus proteins and RNA to initiate viral genome replication.
Child support and welfare dependence: A multinomial logit analysis

The relation between welfare dependency and receipt of child support is investigated with data from a special supplement to the Current Population Survey. The impact of receiving child support on a family’s welfare status is estimated and the types of families for which child support enforcement policies may have the great est impact are identified. Overall, the results indicate that receipt of child support has a modest impact on reducing welfare dependency. However, the results also indicate that if child support obligations can be established and enforced shortly after a marital dissolution takes place, the likelihood that a family will later become a welfare recipient is significantly reduced.
Simple approach for the determination of the order of release in electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry

Abstract A method has been proposed for the determination of the order of release using absorbance profiles at varying concentration. Instead of complex mathematical treatments of the data, simple integration of the absorbance profiles from t=0 to a point early in time along with the varying concentrations can be used to generate a plot whose slope is equal to the order of release. The ordinate of the plot is the natural logarithm of the concentration and the abscissa is the natural logarithm of the integrated value. Monte Carlo simulations with known kinetic parameters were used to test the proposed method. Calculated values based on experimental data for the order of release for Au, Cu and In are 0.31±0.05, 1.07±0.15 and 2.02±0.25 respectively.
Phospholipase A2 is involved in the mechanism of activation of neutrophils by polychlorinated biphenyls.

Aroclor 1242, a mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), activates neutrophils to produce superoxide anion (O2-) by a mechanism that involves phospholipase C-dependent hydrolysis of membrane ph...
Adsorption of arsenic(V) by activated carbon prepared from oat hulls.

Abstract The efficiency of self-manufactured activated carbon (AC) produced from oat hulls in adsorbing arsenic(V) was tested in a batch reactor. The results indicated that the adsorptive capacity of AC was affected by initial pH value, with adsorption capacity decreasing from 3.09 to 1.57 mg As g −1 AC when the initial pH values increased from 5 to 8. A modified linear driving force model conjugated with a Langmuir isotherm was created to describe the study’s kinetics. The test results show that rapid adsorption and slow adsorption exist simultaneously when AC is used to remove arsenic(V).
Abcb11 Deficiency Induces Cholestasis Coupled to Impaired β-Fatty Acid Oxidation in Mice

The bile salt export pump (BSEP) is an ATP-binding cassette transporter that serves as the primary system for removing bile salts from the liver. In humans, deficiency of BSEP, which is encoded by the ABCB11 gene, causes severe progressive cholestatic liver disease from early infancy. In previous studies of Abcb11 deficiency in mice generated on a mixed genetic background, the animals did not recapitulate the human disease. We reasoned that ABCB11 deficiency may cause unique changes in hepatic metabolism that are predictive of liver injury. To test this possibility, we first determined that Abcb11 knock-out (KO) C57BL/6J mice recapitulate human deficiency. Before the onset of cholestasis, Abcb11 KO mice have altered hepatic lipid metabolism coupled with reduced expression of genes important in mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. This was associated with increased serum free-fatty acids, reduced total white adipose, and marked impairment of long-chain fatty acid β-oxidation. Importantly, metabolomic analysis confirmed that Abcb11 KO mice have impaired mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation with the elevated fatty acid metabolites phenylpropionylglycine and phenylacetylglycine. These metabolic changes precede cholestasis but may be of relevance to cholestatic disease progression because altered fatty acid metabolism can enhance reactive oxygen species that might exacerbate cholestatic liver damage.
Some observations on reduction of turbulent boundary-layer heat transfer in nozzles.

Convective heat transfer in accelerated heated air flows through cooled conical supersonic nozzles of three different configurations
The omnipotent platelet. Part II : Further observations

Observation of platelet responses during acute injury or pathology can provide important information. The initial response is thrombocytopenia followed by thrombocytosis. In the case of injury with negative X-ray and appropriate thrombocytosis, a bone scan is indicated. The platelet responds like a sedimentation rate, which indicates the course of the injury or pathology.
Retrospective simulation response optimization

An approach to simulation response optimization in which a simulation experiment is run in such a manner as to generate optimal solutions is presented. Once the stochastic sample path of a simulation run has been generated, it is sometimes possible to retrospectively solve a deterministic optimization problem or a closely related problem. As demonstrated with some examples from communications and manufacturing, this approach can greatly simplify both the simulation experiment and the simulation model. >
Using Neural Nets to Forecast the Unemployment Rate

The paper identifies leading indicators of the unemployment rate. Forecasts of the unemployment rate are obtained with an econometric model, and with an artificial neural network. Both model-based forecasts outperform forecasts from the Survey of Professional Forecasters. This is important because the unemployment rate forecast from the Survey of Professional Forecasters has outperformed other forecasts based on time-series models to the point that some observers view it as a proxy for a full-information forecast.
Gap equations, particle mixing and the U(1) problem in QCD

Abstract The gap equation for the chiral-limiting quark mass is shown to be the basis of the Goldberger-Treiman relation at the quark level, again a gap equation, for both the massless it and massive U(1) ηo states. The strength β of the isoscalar quark annihilation graphs is also demonstrated to be the origin of isoscalar qq particle mixing. Combining these three results, the perturbative second order U(1) anomaly contribution βp (2)/m2 ηo then generates a third U(1) gap equation. The latter resolves the U(1) problem in QCD because it explains why the η′ mass is significantly larger than the π,κ,η octet masses.
Gait modification to treat knee osteoarthritis.

By changing pathological joint mechanics, gait modification may have disease modifying potential for medial compartment knee OA. The most effective gait modification methods may well be a combination of an assisted modification and a learned modification taught via a real-time feedback system—for example, variable stiffness shoes with medial thrust gait. Addition of other holistic elements such as strength or flexibility training may be valuable as well. Determination of the best target quantity will be critical for gait modification to make a positive clinical impact.
Expression of a higher-plant chloroplast psbD promoter in a cyanobacterium (Synechococcus sp. strain PCC7942) reveals a conserved cis-element, designated PGT, that differentially interacts with sequence-specific binding factors during leaf development.

The chloroplast psbD gene, which encodes the D2 subunit of photosystem II, is regulated by a blue light-responsive promoter (BLRP). We tested the ability of different regions of the barley (Hordeum vulagare) BLRP to drive transcription of the lacZ reporter gene in genomic transformants of Synechococcus sp. strain PCC7942. The barley BLRP was transcribed in Synechococcus from the same initiation sites that are used in plant chloroplasts in vivo. A region of the BLRP, residing between –83 and –112 bp upstream from the transcription initiation sites, functioned as a negative element in Synechococcus. Nucleotide sequences within this region are conserved among the psbD genes of several monocots and dicots, and with the nuclear negative regulatory element GT. Thus this new cis-element was designated Plastid GT, PGT. Proteins from chloroplasts of barley and Arabidopsis thaliana interacted with PGT in a sequence-specific and developmental-dependent manner. The DNA-protein complexes from Arabidopsis chloroplasts are composed of 60- and 38-kDa polypeptides. We postulate that GT and PGT have evolved in the nucleus and chloroplast, respectively, from a common ancestral regulatory element.
Marcus, Kripke, and Names

Ruth Barcan Marcus, in several incidental passages in her later published writings, seems to imply a claim, which has subsequently been stated more explicitly by others,2 and given very wide publicity, that certain remarks on names in her colloquium talk “Modalities and Intensional Language” anticipate in an important but unacknowledged way Saul Kripke’s discussion of names in his lecture series “Naming and Necessity”. My aim in the present study is to assess the textual evidence bearing on such claims.
Treatment of Facial Spasm with Botulinum Toxin: An Interim Report

Forty-eight patients were given serial injections of botulinum toxin in their eyelids for treatment of eyelid spasm during a two-year interval. Ninety-four percent obtained relief of spasm from botulinum toxin injection. The duration of the spasm-free interval as well as the incidence of ptosis and of diplopia was dose dependent. The marked increase in the incidence of these side effects with only a small increase in the duration of the spasm-free interval, when a dose of 25 units per lid was used, leads the authors to conclude that this dose is too high and should not be used. Since diplopia was most commonly caused by paresis of the inferior oblique muscle, and since blepharospasm usually can be controlled by excising the upper lid protractors, further studies are required to determine whether lower lid injection is necessary and, if it is found to be so, whether injecting only the lateral portion of the lid would be adequate.
An electronic relay for initiating vapor discharges

THE recent introduction of low-voltage fluorescent lamps has created a need for automatic control auxiliaries. Several methods have been devised for the automatic starting and operation of these lamps, the most recent being a device known as the “glow relay”.∗ Earlier methods had certain disadvantages as to cost, effect on the lamps, circuit efficiency, dependability, and ease of wiring. The invention of the glow relay resulted from attempts to overcome these undesirable features.