cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
159. Increased microglia activation may contribute to age-related decline in hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive function

Age-related priming of microglia and the subsequent increased release of inflammatory molecules is implicated in the low-grade neuroinflammation and cognitive decline associated with aging. The current study evaluated whether chronic treatment with minocycline, a tetracycline antibiotic that inhibits microglia activation, attenuates age-related deficits in hippocampal neurogenesis and spatial learning. Adult (3 months) and aged (22 months) male BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to minocycline or control groups. The minocycline group received minocycline in their drinking water for 20 days whereas control mice received plain water. On average, aged mice consumed 70 mg/kg/day minocycline and adults 85 mg/kg/day. One week into treatment, mice received Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) injections to label dividing cells. Spatial learning was assessed using the water maze. Following perfusion, immunofluorescence was conducted to assess new neuron survival and differentiation. Chronic minocycline treatment improved spatial learning in aged, but not adult, mice. New cell survival was reduced in aged mice but unaffected by minocycline. Measures of cellular differentiation are currently in progress. We hypothesize that aging will reduce differentiation of new cells into neurons compared to adults, and that minocycline treatment will increase the proportion of new cells that differentiate into neurons. Findings indicated that basal changes in microglia activation may contribute to age-related cognitive decline. Additional work is underway to determine whether alterations in microglia activation contribute to age-related reductions in hippocampal neurogenesis.
VICINAL DIBROMO-1-HYDROXYPHOSPHOLANE 1-OXIDES

Abstract 2,3-Dibromo-1-hydroxyphospholane 1-oxide and 3,4-dibromo-1-hydroxyphospholane 1-oxide were prepared in high yield by bromine addition to 1-hydroxyphosphol-2-ene 1-oxide or 1-hydroxyphosphol-3-ene 1-oxide, respectively. Both compounds were characterized by 1H, 31P and 13C nmr, IR, Laser Raman and mass spectrometry.
Structure of the first homoleptic manganese–phosphine complex, [Mn(Me2PC2H4PMe2)3][BF4]

The crystal structure of the first homoleptic manganese–phosphine complex, [Mn(Me2 PC2H4PMe2)3][BF4], has been determined. This complex, previously synthesized as a PF6 salt characterized only by NMR spectroscopy, is a by-product of reaction of MnH3(Me2PC2H4PMe2)2 with [Ag(CH3CN)4][BF4]. It crystallizes in the trigonal system, space group P31c and Z = 2. The structure shows 3 chelating diphosphine ligands coordinating to the central manganese cation in octahedral fashion. The Mn—P distances are essentially equivalent within 3σ: each diphosphine has Mn—P = 2.283(3) and 2.290(3) A, where the “short” and “long” distances are trans to each other. The “bite angle” for each diphosphine is 83.57(9)°, Lattice parameters: a = 9.954(2) A, b =9.954(2) A, c = 16.416(2) A. Unit cell volume: 1408.6(4) A3.
Preparation and Characterization of the Rare Earths Self-assembled Mononlayer by means of Self-assembly Process

Preparation the Rare Earths(La) Self-assembled Mononlayer by means of Self-assembly process. Characterize the surface of the Rare Earths Self-assembled Mononlayer by AFM. The result seems that the surface of this Mononlayer is dentise and the dim of the surface parcial is about 20～30 nm. The result of test with SEM is element of La.
Trash to Treasure: Waste Eggshells Used as Reactor and Template for Synthesis of Co9S8 Nanorod Arrays on Carbon Fibers for Energy Storage

The disposal of eggshell waste is an environmentally and economically challenging problem. We demonstrate here a novel application of waste eggshell as a multifunctional reaction system to regulate the reactants and pH inside the reactor and using eggshell membrane as protein-based and active substrates to collect the nanostructures formed in a controlled environment. We outline an idea of transferring waste eggshell (or “trash”) into a unique reaction system (or “treasure”) for the synthesis of 1-D nanorod arrays on eggshell membrane protein fibers. Subsequently, the intrinsic sulfur element contained in the eggshell membrane protein fibers is utilized to transform the Co(OH)2 nanorod arrays into Co9S8 nanorod arrays. Meanwhile, the protein fibers are in situ carbonized into carbon fibers. The as-synthesized composite of crystalline Co9S8 nanorod arrays on carbon fibers is demonstrated to be a potential electrode for both lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries. The idea of in situ carbonization and sulfuri...
Vision-based system for chatter identification and process optimization in high-speed milling

A new vision-based system is designed for the identification of chatter vibration. Chatter vibration is a major obstacle in CNC machining as it causes bad surface finishes and increases tooling damage and costs. This research proposes the use of machine vision for the detection of chatter vibration frequencies during high-speed milling operations. The vision system utilizes digital image processing and texture analysis to determine the frequencies of the chatter marks on the surface of a machined workpiece. The developed system provides a solution to machinists at ease without any expensive measuring equipment. The vision system was verified and compared with other chatter detection methods by identifying and creating tests based on the dynamics of a machine tool.
Quasi-classical reasoning in paraconsistent databases

The well-founded model for any general deductive database computed using the paraconsistent relational model, based on four-valued logic, does not support inference rules such as disjunctive syllogism. In order to support disjunctive syllogism, we utilize the generalization of the relational model to quasi-classic (QC) logic, whose inference power is much closer to classical logic. As the paraconsistent relational model is capable of representing incomplete and inconsistent data, we propose an algorithm to find QC model for inconsistent positive extended disjunctive deductive databases. We also provide the proof for the algorithm.
The doors that culture opened: Parallels between social movement studies and social psychology:

During the last 30 years the study of social movements has changed dramatically, under the recognition of how important cultural meanings are to collective action and outcomes. Social movement stud...
Evaluating a push-pull strategy for management of Drosophila suzukii Matsumura in red raspberry.

BACKGROUND Drosophilia suzukii Matsumura is a serious pest of small fruits that lays its eggs in growing fruit. Current management strategies rely on an unsustainable schedule of foliar applications of chemical insecticides. Alternative approaches to suppressing oviposition are under investigation, such as attract-and-kill and the use of oviposition deterrents. Here we evaluated two behavioral control approaches in combination as a push-pull strategy using laboratory and field assays. RESULTS In laboratory caged assays, both an attractive mass trapping device (pull) and an oviposition deterrent (push: 1-octen-3-ol) reduced oviposition by D. suzukii, and the combination of the two (push-pull) resulted in significantly greater reduction than either treatment alone. In field experiments, oviposition reduction was observed in fruit from plots treated with oviposition deterrent (push) or a combination of mass trapping devices and deterrent (push-pull) compared to fruit from control plots. However, oviposition in plots with mass trapping devices (pull) was higher than observed in all other treatments. Additionally, the protection provided by the deterrent in push plots extended to the entire plot rather than just in fruit closest to deterrent dispensers. CONCLUSION Push-pull treatments negatively affected D. suzukii infestation in both laboratory and field experiments. The reduction in oviposition observed in laboratory experiments was based on the additive effect of push and pull components acting on a finite population, while the reduction observed in field experiments appeared to be mainly based on the effect of pull components. We discuss potential underlying reasons for the discrepancy results and suggest potential improvements.
Do personality traits related to affect regulation predict other tobacco product use among young adult non-daily smokers?

Abstract Introduction Understanding factors that influence non-cigarette tobacco use is important given these products' prevalence and health risks. The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that personality traits related to affect regulation would be associated with greater frequency of other tobacco product (OTP) use in a sample of young adult non-daily smokers. Methods Participants (n = 518, 51% male) aged 18–24 were non-daily cigarette smokers recruited from the community for a longitudinal study of tobacco use. Personality characteristics (impulsivity, anhedonia, and negative affectivity) were measured at baseline, and participants reported recent tobacco use at baseline and 3, 6, and 9 months later. Assessments were conducted online or via mobile phone. Results Across the 4 assessments, 33–52% of participants reported recent OTP use, with frequency of use decreasing over time. Longitudinal negative binomial regression models indicated that greater sensation seeking and lack of premeditation were associated with more frequent OTP use (ps Conclusions Findings suggest that young adult non-daily cigarette smokers with greater propensity for immediately rewarding behaviors may use OTPs more frequently. Young, non-daily cigarette smokers with high levels of sensation seeking and/or lack of premeditation may be at increased risk for harms related to OTP use and may benefit from prevention and cessation strategies that specifically address affect.
Strange Reports of Weaponized Sound in Cuba [Health Matters]

In late August 2017, media out lets began reporting on the U.S. State Department's disclosure that Havana-based U. S. diplomats were experiencing health issues [1]-[5]. Their residences were described as having been targeted with bursts of sound waves. Diplomat ic staff and family members have repeatedly reported hearing loud buzzing or scraping sounds. Symptoms include severe hearing loss, headaches, ringing in the ears, nausea, and problems with balance or vertigo, which are suggestive of a connection to the inner ear apparatus within the human head.
Breeding Strategy for Rice Blast Resistance in Egypt

Rice blast disease caused by the fungus Pyricularia grisea is one of the most biotic stresses constrains in rice productivity in Egypt. Breeding for blast resistance are our concern in varietal improvement program. Since the Egyptian cultivars were showing susceptibility. Understanding gene type, mode of inheritance and stability of the resistant varieties are essential for transfer the blast resistance to popular cultivars. The previous studies for exotic and local rice varieties under Egyptian conditions showed that inheritance of blast resistance was dominant in most cases and one to three major genes controlled the mode of resistance.
Τὸ πνεῦµα in 1 Corinthians 5:5: A Reconsideration of Patristic Exegesis

This article questions the assumption that there was a standard patristic interpretation regarding the identity of “spirit” in 1 Corinthians 5:5 (ἵνα τὸ πνeῦµα σωθῇ ἐν τῇ ἡµέρᾳ τοῦ κυρίου). Recent scholarship on 1 Corinthians 5 either fails to provide a fair representation of the available data or ignores the patristic exegesis altogether. The present essay addresses this deficiency in current scholarship by presenting the varieties of ways that early Christians read and interpreted “spirit” in 1 Cor 5:5.
The Effects of PCSO-524®, a Patented Marine Oil Lipid derived from the New Zealand Green Lipped Mussel (Perna canaliculus), on Pulmonary and Respiratory Muscle Function in Non-asthmatic Elite Runners.

Habitual endurance training may be associated with mild airway inflammation and subsequent deterioration in lung function. PCSO-524™ (Lyprinol®/Omega-XL®), a supplement extracted from the New Zealand green-lipped mussel (Perna canaliculus), has been shown to moderate airway inflammation in asthmatic subjects. The purpose of this study was to determine whether supplementation with PCSO-524™ improves pulmonary and respiratory muscle function in non-asthmatic elite runners. Sixteen male, non-asthmatic elite runners were randomly assigned to either a treatment (PCSO-524™; 1 capsule contains 50 mg n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and 100 mg olive oil, n=8) or placebo (1 capsule contains 150 mg olive oil; n=8) group. During the supplementation period, subjects ingested 8 capsules of either treatment or placebo per day for 12 weeks. Resting pulmonary and respiratory muscle function testing were assessed at baseline and every two weeks throughout the 12 week supplementation period. No significant between-or within-subjects main effects were observed in forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1-second, forced expiratory flow from 25-75% of lung volume (FEF25-75), peak expiratory flow, maximal voluntary ventilation, maximal inspiratory mouth pressure, and closing volume (p>0.05). A significant within-subjects main effect was observed in maximal expiratory mouth pressure (PEmax) (p=0.024) and lung diffusion capacity (DLCO) (p 0.05). A significant treatment by time interaction was observed in FEF25-75 (p=0.026) and DLCO (p=0.024), but no other significant interactions were observed (all p>0.05). Supplementation with PCSO-524™ (Lyprinol®/Omega-XL®) does not improve pulmonary or respiratory muscle function in non-asthmatic elite runners.
For T Cells, the Child Is Father of the Man.

When T cells respond to infectious agents, they differentiate into effector and memory cells. In this issue of Cell, Smith et al. use a genetic “time-stamping” method to show that the developmental time the T cell arises—near birth or as an adult—dictates what type of T effector or memory cell results.
Immunoreactive Synthetic Peptide Epitope Mapping with Structural Validation Using Electrospray Mass Spectrometry

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the fine-structure mapping of an epitope on the capsid protein of rubella virus (RV) that binds to one monoclonal antibody (mAb) designated C9. This epitope is of interest as mAb C9 has been shown to cross-react with a 52kD protein in rat pancreatic islet cells. The 52kD protein also binds antibody from sera of diabetic mice that have spontaneously developed anti-islet cell antibodies. The chapter discusses the use of a synthetic peptide analog approach in an attempt to further delimit the mAb C9 reactive epitope on the RV capsid protein existing somewhere from residue number 64 to 97. Several derivatives of the RV C64–97 region were synthesized using micromethodology suitable for subsequent mass spectrometric analysis and immunoanalysis by standard and competitive ELISA. The peptides in ELISA immunoassays were used for the evaluation of mAb immunoreactivity.
Sertraline and desmethylsertraline in human breast milk and nursing infants.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the concentrations of sertraline and desmethylsertraline in both human breast milk and infant serum. Method: Breast milk samples from 12 women were collected at specific time intervals after oral doses of sertraline (25‐200 mg once daily). For 11 mother-infant pairs, maternal serum levels 24 hours after a dose and their infants’ serum levels 2‐4 hours after nursing were ascertained by high-performance liquid chromatography. Results: Sertraline and desmethylsertraline were present in all breast milk samples, with a gradient from “fore” milk to “hind” milk. The highest concentrations of sertraline were observed in hind milk 7‐10 hours after maternal dose. Increasing the maternal dose of sertraline resulted in increased breast milk concentrations of both sertraline and desmethylsertraline. Detectable concentrations of sertraline were found in three nursing infants and desmethylsertraline in six. No adverse effects of exposure were observed in any infant. Conclusions: Sertraline and desmethylsertraline were present in the breast milk of nursing women treated with sertraline. Concentrations were affected by aliquot of milk sampled, time after maternal dose, and maternal daily dose. The infants’ serum concentrations detected were below the detection limit of most commercial laboratories. The presence of desmethylsertraline in six infants’ samples underscores the importance of metabolite monitoring in determining infant exposure. Estimates of daily infant exposure can be determined after analysis of sertraline and desmethylsertraline concentrations from one full breast at maternal serum steady state. Future studies of breast milk and infant serum samples should address these issues. (Am J Psychiatry 1997; 154:1255‐1260)
Hierarchical mean-field theory in quantum statistical mechanics: A bosonic example

We present a theoretical framework and a calculational scheme to study the coexistence and competition of thermodynamic phases in quantum statistical mechanics. The crux of the method is the realization that the microscopic Hamiltonian, modeling the system, can always be written in a hierarchical operator language that unveils all symmetry generators of the problem and, thus, possible thermodynamic phases. In general, one cannot compute the thermodynamic or zero-temperature properties exactly and an approximate scheme named ``hierarchical mean-field approach'' is introduced. This approach treats all possible competing orders on an equal footing. We illustrate the methodology by determining the phase diagram and quantum critical point of a bosonic lattice model which displays coexistence and competition between antiferromagnetism and superfluidity.
Recent Discoveries in Insect Pheromone Chemistry

Abstract Synergism and inhibition play important roles in complex pheromone systems and increase the subtlety of the language of insect communication. These phenomena may be produced by geometrical or optical isomers, host odors that interact with pheromones, or even pheromone “mimics.” Pheromones and compounds that interact with these pheromones to mediate the behavior of Popillia japonica , Heliothis sp. and other insect species have been identified and their chemistry and effects on insect behavior have been investigated. The male response to the Popillia japonica female-produced pheromone, ( R , Z )-5-(l-decenyl)dihydro-2 (3 H )furanone, is inhibited by the S-enantiomer of this pheromone. However, both male and female responses appear to be enhanced through synergism by mixtures of the pheromone and compounds thought to be food attractants. Heliothis spp. communication can be disrupted by atmospheric permeation with ( Z )-9-tetradecen-l-ol formate, a “mimic” of one of the pheromone components. A mixture of this compound in the proper ratio with ( Z )-9-tetradecenal attracts H . virescens males. The objective of such studies is to increase our knowledge and understanding of the complex chemical communications systems that regulate insect behavior.
Creativity, the Arts, and the Future of Work

Those who study the future tend to imagine worlds where burdens are eased and pleasure and personal freedom are elevated. While the concept of work has not disappeared from their predictions, changing technological and global realities have caused a re-imagining of that world. This chapter explores how to educate young students for work environments in a very different future. Specifically, I demonstrate how creativity and arts learning strengthen students’ ability to manage and navigate that new world and contribute to a sustainable society. I offer an educational case study of a highly successful urban public high school for the arts and argue that its intensive arts education model prepares passionate students who can engage with an uncertain future, even if they are less advantaged.
Crafting Living Inquiry with a Quilt of Children’s Images

Embodied encounters in and with crafting as method led to knowing with making in this research. A crafted bricolage of photographs from young children (aged 15 months to 5 years) was created at their early childhood centre. The children’s photographs became material for further thinking as they were transferred to fabric and combined into a quilt that was tie quilted by children and the researcher as artist/researcher/teachers (Springgay, Irwin, Leggo, & Gouzouasis, 2008). Our craft processes in quilt making initiated ongoing integrated art-making, teaching/learning, and conversations with and without words. Much research in early childhood has a focus on the child, but what do children focus on, and how might they be more than participants? Rich experiences throughout the co-creation of the quilt as a living inquiry provided spaces for learning and knowledge making. Craft as research and a piece of art to display for the learning community provoked questions and opened understandings about and with young children, their preferences, and their capacity as co-researchers.
Targeting the High Mobility Group Box 3 protein sensitizes chemoresistant ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin

Chemotherapeutic regimens for ovarian cancer often include the use of DNA interstrand crosslink–inducing agents (e.g., platinum drugs) or DNA double-strand break–inducing agents. Unfortunately, the majority of patients fail to maintain a durable response to treatment, in part, due to drug resistance, contributing to a poor survival rate. In this study, we report that cisplatin sensitivity can be restored in cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells by targeting the chromatin-associated high-mobility group box 3 (HMGB3) protein. HMGB proteins have been implicated in the pathogenesis and prognosis of ovarian cancer, and HMGB3 is often upregulated in cancer cells, making it a potential selective target for therapeutic intervention. Depletion of HMGB3 in cisplatin-sensitive and cisplatin-resistant cells resulted in transcriptional downregulation of the kinases ATR and CHK1, which attenuated the ATR/CHK1/p-CHK1 DNA damage signaling pathway. HMGB3 was associated with the promoter regions of ATR and CHK1, suggesting a new role for HMGB3 in transcriptional regulation. Furthermore, HMGB3 depletion significantly increased apoptosis in cisplatin-resistant A2780/CP70 cells after cisplatin treatment. Taken together, our results indicate that targeted depletion of HMGB3 attenuates cisplatin resistance in human ovarian cancer cells, increasing tumor cell sensitivity to platinum drugs. Significance: This study shows that targeting HMGB3 is a potential therapeutic strategy to overcome chemoresistance in ovarian cancer.
Enforcing Confinement in Distributed Storage and a Cryptographic Model for Access Control.

This work is concerned with the security of the standard T10 OSD protocol, a capabilitybased protocol for object stores designed by the OSD SNIA working group. The Object Store security protocol is designed to provide access control enforcement in a distributed storage setting such as a Storage Area Network (SAN) environment. In this work we consider in particular the ability of the OSD protocol to enforce confinement, which is the property that even misbehaving participants can not leak secret information across predefined boundaries. We observe that being a “pure capability” protocol, the plain vanilla OSD protocol is incapable of enforcing confinement. We show, however, that given a trustworthy infrastructure for authentication and secure channels, the protocol can be used in a manner that achieves the desired property (and does not require any change in the message format). Thus we demonstrate that object stores can in principle be used in a standard fashion in applications that require protection against leakage of secret data. Having identified a problem and proposed a solution, we proceed to prove formally that the proposed protocol indeed meets all its security goals. In the process we refine common cryptographic models in order to be able to reason about confinement, and then devise a precise model for a distributed capability-based access-control mechanism. To our knowledge, this is the first time such a model for access-control is defined, and defining it highlights what can and cannot be achieved by such mechanisms. ∗IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Hawthorne, NY, USA. shaih@alum.mit.edu, karger@watson.ibm.com. †IBM Haifa Research Laboratory, Haifa, Israel. dalit@il.ibm.com
Limiting factors and efficiencies of narrow bandgap single-absorber and multi-stage interband cascade thermophotovoltaic cells under monochromatic light illumination

In this work, the factors that limit the conversion efficiency of narrow bandgap thermophotovoltaic (TPV) cells are identified and their impact on device performance is explored through studying their effects on key aspects such as quantum efficiency (QE), fill factor, open-circuit voltage, and voltage efficiency. These factors are closely associated with short carrier lifetime, high dark saturation current density, small absorption coefficient, and the limiting effects of diffusion length on the collection of photogenerated carriers. Calculations are carried out for narrow bandgap InAs/GaSb superlattice materials to illustrate how the conversion efficiency is limited by these factors for specific material parameters such as the product of absorption coefficient α and diffusion length L. We show that the multistage interband cascade (IC) architecture is capable of circumventing the diffusion length limitation to overcome the problem of a low QE in conventional single-absorber TPV cells, thereby enhancing the conversion efficiency by about 10% in wide ranges of αL and bandgaps with the particle conversion efficiency approaching 100%. The enhancement of conversion efficiency with the multistage IC architecture is especially significant with small αL, which is more than double of that in the single-absorber TPV cell. Also, the device performance dependence on the illumination source is investigated, which demonstrates flexibilities and advantage of the multistage IC architecture to achieve its maximum conversion efficiency with the energy of incident photons near the bandgap of absorbers. Finally, the future directions are discussed in terms of what can be further improved or need to be addressed with the remaining issue for the development of narrow bandgap TPV cells.
Primary neuroendocrine tumour of the left ventricle

Neuroendocrine tumours are rare neoplasms typically arising in the gastrointestinal tract that may result in carcinoid syndrome and/or acquired valvular dysfunction. Herein, we present a unique case of a 68-year-old asymptomatic woman with a primary left ventricular neuroendocrine tumour.
Commentary: Why practicing a system’s perspective is easier said than done

Reading the article by Cantor, Osher, Berg, Steyer, & Rose (2018) and its companion piece, “Malleability, Plasticity, and Individuality: How Children Learn and Develop in Context” (Canotr et al., 2...
Short-term plasticity in glomerular inhibitory circuits shapes olfactory bulb output

Short-term plasticity is a fundamental synaptic property thought to underlie memory and neural processing. The glomerular microcircuit comprises complex excitatory and inhibitory interactions and transmits olfactory nerve signals to the excitatory output neurons, mitral/tufted cells (M/TCs). The major glomerular inhibitory interneurons, short axon cells (SACs) and periglomerular cells (PGCs), both provide feedforward and feedback inhibition to M/TCs and have reciprocal inhibitory synapses between each other. Olfactory input is episodically driven by sniffing. We hypothesized that frequency-dependent short-term plasticity within these inhibitory circuits could influence signals sent to higher-order olfactory networks. To assess short-term plasticity in glomerular circuits and MC outputs, we virally delivered channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) in glutamic acid decarboxylase-65 promotor (GAD2-cre) or tyrosine hydroxylase promoter (TH-cre) mice and selectively activated one of these two populations while recording from cells of the other population or from MCs. Selective activation of TH-ChR2-expressing SACs inhibited all recorded GAD2-green fluorescent protein(GFP)-expressing presumptive PGC cells, and activation of GAD2-ChR2 cells inhibited TH-GFP-expressing SACs, indicating reciprocal inhibitory connections. SAC synaptic inhibition of GAD2-expressing cells was significantly facilitated at 5-10 Hz activation frequencies. In contrast, GAD2-ChR2 cell inhibition of TH-expressing cells was activation-frequency independent. Both SAC and PGC inhibition of MCs also exhibited short-term plasticity, pronounced in the 5-20 Hz range corresponding to investigative sniffing frequency ranges. In paired SAC and olfactory nerve electrical stimulations, the SAC to MC synapse was able to markedly suppress MC spiking. These data suggest that short-term plasticity across investigative sniffing ranges may differentially regulate intra- and interglomerular inhibitory circuits to dynamically shape glomerular output signals to downstream targets.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Short-term plasticity is a fundamental synaptic property that modulates synaptic strength based on preceding activity of the synapse. In rodent olfaction, sensory input arrives episodically driven by sniffing rates ranging from quiescent respiration (1-2 Hz) through to investigative sniffing (5-10 Hz). Here we show that glomerular inhibitory networks are exquisitely sensitive to input frequencies and exhibit plasticity proportional to investigative sniffing frequencies. This indicates that olfactory glomerular circuits are dynamically modulated by episodic sniffing input.
BMI and male gender are associated with increased operative time during total shoulder arthroplasty: an analysis of 16,568 patients

Abstract Introduction Operative time has been shown to be a significant risk factor for short-term complications following total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA). Identifying TSA cases that require increased operative time may potentially lead to improved outcomes, yet there is a lack of previous research on specific risk factors associated with prolonged TSA operative time. The purpose of this study was to determine independent predictors for prolonged operative time following TSA. Methods Adult patients undergoing primary TSA from 2006 to 2018 were identified in the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. Patients with sepsis, disseminated cancer, infection, or who underwent emergency surgery were excluded from our dataset. Prolonged operative time was defined as ≥ 150 minutes, or one standard deviation above the mean operative time of 109 minutes. Clinical characteristics assessed included age, sex, race, BMI, American Society of Anesthesiologists class, surgical setting (inpatient vs. outpatient), anesthesia type, preoperative albumin, and hematocrit. Comorbidities assessed included diabetes, smoking, dyspnea, functional status, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ascites, congestive heart failure, hypertension, renal failure, dialysis, steroid use, weight loss, bleeding disorder, and preoperative transfusion. Risk factors were assessed using bivariate and multivariate analysis. Results Of 16,568 total patients undergoing TSA, 14.8% (2,453) had prolonged operative time. On bivariate analysis, younger age, male sex, nonwhite race, increased BMI, outpatient procedure, smoking status, dyspnea, steroid use, and bleeding disorder were significantly associated with prolonged operative time (all, P .05). Conclusion Increased BMI and male gender were found to be predictive of prolonged TSA operative time. Since increased operative time has been shown to be associated with increased short-term postoperative complications, surgeons and perioperative teams should be aware of the potential for prolonged operative time in patients with these risk factors who undergo TSA. Level of Evidence Level III; Retrospective Case-control Comparative Study
Changes in medication use among long-stay residents with dementia in Michigan during the pandemic.

Persons with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) are particularly susceptible to consequences from the coronavirus (COVID) pandemic including social isolation, disruption of daily routine, and less direct care due to reductions in nursing home (NH) workforce. Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) like agitation, depression, and anxiety, which occur in >90% of persons with ADRD have likely been exacerbated by this pandemic.1 Staffing shortages and implementation of non-pharmacological strategies to treat NPS was challenging prior to COVID—such challenges have likely intensified following the start of the pandemic. Given reductions in staffing and increased behavioral symptoms among residents with ADRD, this may result in greater reliance on psychotropics such as antipsychotics to manage NPS. This analysis evaluated changes in central nervous system (CNS)-active medication prescribing among all long-stay NH residents with ADRD within the state of Michigan following the start of the COVID pandemic.
Statistical Characterization of Patient Response to Offered Access Delays Using Healthcare Transactional Data

We present a novel framework to characterize the probability that an offered appointment with k-days' access delay will be booked and subsequently attended by a patient. We refer to this probability as the "probability of realization'" of an offered appointment, and demonstrate how empirical characterizations of this measure can be used to identify improved policies for managing patient demand and enabling the most intentional use of clinical care resources. We consider the estimation problem in the context of new patients looking to establish care at a clinic, and offer a model of patient responses during an appointment scheduling encounter with an agent. We define different cases of data availability and demonstrate the effectiveness of framework in each case to ensure generalizability. We first demonstrate the accuracy of estimations using simulated data, and then highlight behavioral differences between different patient groups using real-life transactional data from two clinical departments. Finally, we clearly demonstrate a practical use case for the obtained realization probabilities by showing that they can be reliably used as input to a novel time windows-based patient prioritization protocol that allows effective management of demand from different classes by explicitly considering wait sensitivities of patients.
Discursive footwork on the hardwood: players’ negotiations of the NBA as a contested racial arena

Using The Players’ Tribune, we interpret how NBA players discuss race within a racialized sporting organisation that is celebrated and marketed as cosmopolitan and a model for social engagement. We...
The gray zone: Networks of piracy, control, and resistance

Taking Operation Payback and the broader context provided by The Pirate Bay as a point of reference, I consider the role of network-based initiatives in shaping the digital rights movement. I argue that Operation Payback is a significant milestone in copyright controversies because it exposed formal and informal, legal and extralegal strategies that have crystallized into an intricate business model around intellectual property. The most consequential outcome of this operation was that it created a focus on privacy violations that occurred at the behest of copyright, and thus revealed the tensions between intellectual property and privacy. In so doing, it brought privacy concerns front and center, galvanizing unprecedented support for the digital rights movement.
A relationship between inhibition of the acoustic startle response and the protection of prepulse processing

The relationship between prepulse inhibition of the startle eyeblink reflex and the processing of the prepulse was tested by measuring both the startle eyeblink response and the accuracy of identification of the prepulse in college students. In Experiment 1 (N = 26), startle stimuli were 100-dB(A), 50-msec-duration noise pulses, preceded on some trials by low- or high-frequency 65-dB(A) tone pre-pulses at stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs) of 30–800 msec; in Experiment 2 (N = 21), prepulses were 50- or 200-Hz vibrotactile pulses to the hand, at SOAs of 50–800 msec. Average prepulse identification accuracy was significantly higher on trials during which startle magnitude was inhibited than on trials during which startle magnitude was not inhibited, at all SOAs. This simultaneous occurrence of prepulse inhibition and higher prepulse identification accuracy shows that the inhibition of the startle response by the prepulse coexists with a decrease in degree to which the startle stimulus (or response) interrupts the preattentive processing of the prepulse.
How to Account for Cinematic Experience

Jean Mitry _The Aesthetics and Psychology of the Cinema_ Translated by Christopher King London: Athlone Press, 1998 ISBN: 0-485-30084-2 403 pp.
Periodic and Almost Periodic Random Inertial Manifolds for Non-Autonomous Stochastic Equations

By the Lyapunov-Perron method, we prove the existence of random inertial manifolds for a class of equations driven simultaneously by nonautonomous deterministic and stochastic forcing. These invariant manifolds contain tempered pullback random attractors if such attractors exist. We also prove pathwise periodicity and almost periodicity of inertial manifolds when nonautonomous deterministic forcing is periodic and almost periodic in time, respectively.
Mapping the Steps toward Basic Understanding of Scientific Inquiry

Benchmarks for Science Literacy (AAAS 1993) lists for four gradelevels the steps by which students might achieve science literacy before leaving high school. These steps and the conceptual connections among them are now being “mapped” to suggest where anyone idea or skill comes from, what it is connected to, and where it leads. A set of 49 such “strand maps” appears in Atlas of Science Literacy (AAAS 2001). This paperdescribes strand maps in general and examinesthree draft maps titled Evidence and Reasoning, Scientific Investigations, and Scientific Theories, which together represent one section of Benchmarks Chapter 1, on scientific inquiry. The maps do not prescribe any particular curriculum, but can aid in planning a variety of curricula, analyzing instructional materials, assessing student understanding, and can be used in professional development for teachers.
The Semantics of Case in Russian Secondary Predication

Secondary predicates in Russian are in the instrumental case (INST), or they agree in case (AGR) with their controlling argument in the main clause. The selection of case morphology depends on a complex interaction of a number of factors. Here, the focus is only on semantic factors that have direct theoretical implications for the individual-level predicate (ILP) vs. stage-level predicate (SLP) distinction. I analyze the semantic constraints on ILPs used as depictives, situation anchors, and restrictors in sentences expressing quantification over situations, that is, in contexts in which they appear to have SL interpretations. I will advance three main claims: First, ILPs in Russian do not here undergo a shift into SLPs, but rather retain their inherent IL status. Second, case morphology on Russian predicates does not encode the IL and SL status of predicates. Third, the ILP-SLP distinction cannot be temporally-based, as Carlson (1977) originally proposed. My exploration of this topic involves the interactions among morphological case, the situation-related structure and the quantificational structure of sentences.
Theoretical study of the coordination behavior of formate and formamidoximate with dioxovanadium(V) cation: implications for selectivity towards uranyl.

Poly(acrylamidoxime)-based fibers bearing random mixtures of carboxylate and amidoxime groups are the most widely utilized materials for extracting uranium from seawater. However, the competition between uranyl (UO22+) and vanadium ions poses a significant challenge to the industrial mining of uranium from seawater using the current generation of adsorbents. To design more selective adsorbents, a detailed understanding of how major competing ions interact with carboxylate and amidoxime ligands is required. In this work, we employ density functional theory (DFT) and wave-function methods to investigate potential binding motifs of the dioxovanadium ion, VO2+, with water, formate, and formamidoximate ligands. Employing higher level of theory calculations (CCSD(T)) resolve the existing controversy between the experimental results and previous DFT calculations for the structure of the hydrated VO2+ ion. Consistent with the EXAFS data, CCSD(T) calculations predict higher stability of the distorted octahedral geometry of VO2+(H2O)4 compared to the five-coordinate complex with a single water molecule in the second hydration shell, while all seven tested DFT methods yield the reverse stability of the two conformations. Analysis of the relative stabilities of formate–VO2+ complexes indicates that both monodentate and bidentate forms may coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium in solution. Investigations of VO2+ coordination with the formamidoximate anion has revealed the existence of seven possible binding motifs, four of which are within ∼4.0 kcal mol−1 of each other. Calculations establish that the most stable binding motif entails the coordination of oxime oxygen and amide nitrogen atoms via a tautomeric rearrangement of amidoxime to imino hydroxylamine. The difference in the most stable VO2+ and UO22+ binding conformation has important implications for the design of more selective UO22+ ligands.
Multi-band OFDM: a new approach for UWB

In this paper, a multi-band OFDM (MB-OFDM) system for ultra-wideband communication is described. In this system, the UWB spectrum is divided into bands that are 528 MHz wide and the data is transmitted across the bands using a time-frequency code. Within each subbands using a time-frequency code. Within each subband, an OFDM modulation scheme is used to transmit the information. An overview of the MB-OFDM system and various systems design consideration are discussed. In addition, the performance results in realistic multi-path environments are provided for the MB-OFDM.
Hedonic Modeling in Real Estate Appraisal: The Case of Environmental Damages Assessment

The literature regarding the use of hedonic pricing models in the real estate appraisal field is quite extensive (Freeman, 1979; Epple, 1987; Palmquist, 1992). While empirical studies using hedonic regression date back to the 1960’s, in 1974 Rosen published the seminal article regarding the theory which underlies hedonic pricing models.1 Over the years hedonic modeling has been applied to estimating the value of a wide range of economic and social amenities such as the value of nearby golf courses, properties with ocean views, and the impact of resort communities (Do and Grudnitski, 1995; Spahr and Sunderman, 1999; Rush and Bruggink, 2000) and dis-amenities such as proximity to landfills and environmental pollution (Harrison and Rubinfield, 1978; Li and Brown, 1980; Reichert, 1991).
Plant Virus Infection: Another Point of View

Publisher Summary Virus uncoating is a single event in virus infection that originates at the first plant. Virus-host communication at this initial stage of infection results in the formation of a virus replication complex of host (cell competency) and viralorigin. Based on coat protein requirements, short-and long-distance transport of the infection are two distinct processes that do not require the transport of actual virions. vRNPs or replication complexes are the form in which ss(+)RNA virus infection spreads throughout the plant symplast. Over the past twenty years innovative and intensive experimentation has led to the understanding that plasmodesmata provide crucial venues for molecular and particulate communication between the compartments of the symplast on either side of the intervening cell walls. The evolution of these plasmodesmal properties has established the unique condition whereby plants function as supracellular, rather than multicellular organisms. The first level interaction involves the first association of host and virus at the cell surface and terminates when the infectious entity enters the cell cytoplasm. Level II interactions encompass all activities involving the first cycle of replication from the release of the virion RNA into the cytoplasm until systemic invasion commences. Level III interactions deal mainly with the invasion of the symplast by the infectious entity. Arguments have been presented for the view that plant virus infection begins at the cell surface where uncoating is initiated.
Clinical practice guideline development manual: A quality-driven approach for translating evidence into action

Abstract Background Guidelines translate best evidence into best practice. A well-crafted guideline promotes quality by reducing health-care variations, improving diagnostic accuracy, promoting effective therapy, and discouraging ineffective—or potentially harmful—interventions. Despite a plethora of published guidelines, methodology is often poorly defined and varies greatly within and among organizations. Purpose This manual describes the principles and practices used successfully by the American Academy of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery to produce quality-driven, evidence-based guidelines using efficient and transparent methodology for action-ready recommendations with multidisciplinary applicability. The development process, which allows moving from conception to completion in 12 months, emphasizes a logical sequence of key action statements supported by amplifying text, evidence profiles, and recommendation grades that link action to evidence. Conclusions As clinical practice guidelines become more prominent as a key metric of quality health care, organizations must develop efficient production strategies that balance rigor and pragmatism. Equally important, clinicians must become savvy in understanding what guidelines are—and are not—and how they are best utilized to improve care. The information in this manual should help clinicians and organizations achieve these goals.
Divergent modulation of clinical measures of volitional and reflexive motor behaviors following serotonergic medications in human incomplete spinal cord injury.

Abstract Incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI) can result in profound impairments in volitional strength and reflex excitability, which contribute to loss of function. Human and animal models suggest that disruption of endogenous monoaminergic input, particularly serotonin (5-HT), from supraspinal centers contributes to this impaired motor function following SCI. In the present study, we investigated the effects of 5-HT medications on motor function in individuals with chronic (>1 year) SCI. Clinical measures of strength, spasticity/spasms, and walking ability were assessed in 12 individuals with chronic incomplete SCI following acute administration of either 8 mg cyproheptadine, a 5-HT antagonist, or 10 mg escitalopram, a selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), in a double-blinded, randomized, crossover fashion. Results indicated that 5-HT medications modulated both volitional and reflexive behaviors with little change in walking performance; 5-HT antagonist medications depressed clinical measures of str...