cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphomas: Clues Of A Skin Thymus Interaction

The common cellular denominator of the neoplastic lymphocytes of the cutaneous lymphomas is the presence of membrane markers of T-cell identity. For this reason these disorders are grouped together as "cutaneous T cell lymphomas". These neoplastic T-cells have a characteristic tissue distribution (preferentially infiltrating the skin and sparing the bone marrow). The abnormal T-cells of the leukemic phase of these disorders produce large amounts of macrophage migration inhibitory factor, which may adversely affect macrophage mobilization, and also stimulate differentiation of B-cells into plasma cells. The antigenic properties, the usual slow rate of replication, and the circulatory route of these cells may be exploitable in the development of more specific therapeutic approaches to the management of affected patients. Although these T-cells have an affinity for the skin, the role of this organ in the proliferation and differentiation of these cells is as yet not established. Localization of the primary site(s) of proliferation awaits completion of in vivo kinetic studies. The neoplastic T-cells from such patients provide important cellular reagents for the study of diverse aspects of lymphocyte biology. They have already been used to investigate mechanisms of lymphocyte triggering, isolate histocompatibility antigens, and characterize anti-T-cell immunoglobulin from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
Transient proton inflows during illumination of anaerobic Halobacterium halobium cells

The roles of bacteriorhodopsin (bR), halorhodopsin (hR), and the H(+)-ATPase in the proton uptake in intact cells are examined. The Halobacterium halobium strains and solutions utilized in the experiment, and the techniques for measuring extracellular pH changes and intracellular K(+) concentrations are described. It is observed that in Halobacterium halobium strain R1, containing bR and hR, the light-driven proton uptake is divided into three transient inflows superimposed on the larger proton outflow. Under anaerobic conditions early proton uptake consists of an inflow which can be blocked with Dio-9 and a second inflow that can be eliminated by low concentrations (less than 125 nm) of triphenyltin chloride (TPT). The effects of Dio-9 and TPT on the passive proton-hydroxyl permeability of the cell membrane are investigated. A third transient light-driven proton flow observed at later times of illumination is studied. The data reveal that the first proton inflow correlates with proton dependent ATP synthesis; the second inflow is a passive uptake through an unidentified channel in response to electrogenic chloride pumping by bR and/or hR; and the third inflow correlates with the Na(+)/H(+) antiporter function.
Development of four magnetic storms in February 1972

Abstract Four magnetic storms were observed in February 1972, with instruments on the Explorer 45 satellite in the evening quadrant of the inner magnetosphere. The magnitude of the storms ranged from small, Dst ≅ −40 γ, to moderate, Dst ≅ −80 γ. During the development of the storms several substorms occurred. At the beginning of the substorms there was evidence of a partial ring current above L = 5. After the expansion phase of several substorms there was evidence of enhancement of a partial ring below L = 5. Distortions of the field in the east-west direction were observed, in conjunction with substorm expansions, that can be interpreted as due to field aligned currents flowing from the ionosphere. A substantial symmetric ring current, at L∼4, developed during the largest storm. Very little additional ring current was contributed by the smallest storm. Relations between the magnetosphere inflation and ring current protons, plasmaspheric hiss, and ULF waves also measured on Explorer 45 were noted.
Classifier-enhanced algorithm for compressive spatio-spectral edge detection

A novel compressive edge-detection algorithm for spectral imagery is demonstrated using real long-wave spectral imagery. The idea of the algorithm is based on identifying joint spatial and spectral features via statistical learning.
Pulmonary vascular changes associated with hypoplastic left ventricle syndrome

The lungs of ten newborn infants who died of hypoplastic left ventricle syndrome were studied by a morphometric technique that (1) determined the percentage wall thickness of injected pulmonary arteries, (2) determined the ratio between the number of alveoli per high-power field and the number of corresponding arteries, and (3) examined in detail the extension of medial smooth muscle to the vessels at the periphery of the acinus. The findings in the lung were related to the gross cardiac morphological changes and to echocardiographic and hemodynamic findings. The echocardiograms of eight neonates demonstrated small left ventricles. The aortic root was hypoplastic in seven and the left atrium was small in three of the eight. Pulmonary artery hypertension and elevation of the left atrial pressure were present in all infants in whom measurements were obtained. The mean percentage wall thickness of all vessels was greater in afflicted infants than in normal age-matched control subjects. There was a normal ratio between the number of alveoli per high-power field and the number of corresponding arteries, and all infants had extension of muscle to the peripheral vessels at the alveolar duct and alveolar wall levels. The pulmonary vascular abnormalities observed in the neonate with hypoplastic left ventricle syndrome may represent persistence of fetal vascular abnormalities associated with the abnormal fetal circulatory hemodynamics resulting from the malformation. These abnormalities may influence the success of surgery proposed for hypoplastic left ventricle syndrome.
Principles of voltammetry and microelectrode surface states

In vivo voltammetry is approaching the end of its second decade as a technique to explore extracellular concentrations in the brain. The issues of selectivity and sensitivity, which caused considerable discussion and confusion in the early 1980s, are now resolved. It is clear that in vivo voltammetry and dialysis are complimentary tools to understand neurotransmitter dynamics. The two chief advantages of voltammetry compared to dialysis, improved temporal resolution and reduced tissue damage, make this technique exceptionally well suited for providing information which is complementary to that obtained by single-unit recording and is uniquely capable of providing information on the short-term regulation of extracellular levels of biogenic amines.
A Method for Estimating an Overlying Layer Correction in Quantitative Ultrasound Imaging

A new method is tested to compensate for attenuation losses through the intervening layers in quantitative ultrasound imaging. The method subtracts the echo signal power spectrum acquired from a uniform region beneath the overlying layers from the signal power spectrum obtained from a reference phantom using the same instrumentation system settings. Changes in spectral components with frequency are then used to estimate the attenuation of the overlying layers. Several phantoms were used to test the method, among which was a phantom having three windows, one with no overlying layers and the other two with fat and muscle mimicking layers of different degrees of irregularity. Attenuation losses through the windows were compensated for using the technique, producing backscatter estimator images of a simulated tumor inside the phantom. After applying the method, consistent results for the backscatter estimator of the tumor, as well as the backscatter coefficient of the background material, were obtained from the various windows.
Dynamic state estimation in power systems: Modeling, and challenges

Abstract This paper proposes Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) based dynamic state estimator for power systems using phasor measurement unit (PMU) data. Dynamic state estimation in power systems provides synchronized wide area system history of the dynamic events which is key in the analysis and understanding of the system performance, behavior, and the types of control decisions to be made for large scale power system contingencies. In this paper, 2-axis-fourth-order state space modeling and validation of the synchronous machine is explained in detail. The model is then used for dynamic state estimation using EKF in IEEE 3-Generator-9-Bus Test System. The simulation results show that the model and estimation approach are capable to provide accurate information about the states of the machine and eliminate the noise effects on the measurement signal. The main challenges of dynamic estimation in large power systems are also addressed in this paper.
The closure problem as reflected in discriminant function analysis

Abstract Much has been written concerning difficulties in assessing the strengths of relationships among percentages and the fact that problems exist whether one is examining trends on binary or ternary scatter diagrams or examining the results from some multivariate statistical process. Discriminant function analysis (DFA) is intuitively appealing as it offers a procedure whereby one can attempt to reclaim known group membership with data that were not employed in defining the groups. Successful assignment of specimens to their known groups requires that one or more of the selected variables have a high variability among the groups and a low variability within the groups. If DFA is successful (as assessed by a high percentage of correct assignments) it is tempting to interpret the results in a geochemical/petrologic context. However, if it is known that some transformation (such as percentage formation) performed prior to the analysis is responsible for some of the structure of the data matrix then one must interpret the results with extreme care and caution.
The relations between the student–teacher trust relationship and school success in the case of Korean middle schools

This study examined relations between the student–teacher trust relationship and school success, including school adjustment, academic motivation and performance. Data were collected from 318 7th‐grade Korean middle school students (170 males, 148 females). All intercorrelations were positively correlated and correlation coefficients were statistically significant (p < 0.01). Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis revealed that the student–teacher trust relationship uniquely contributed to students’ performance through school adjustment and academic motivation. This discussion examines theoretical, empirical and practical implications of the trust relationship as a key predictor of adolescents’ school adjustment, academic motivation and performance.
Shared and Separate Knowledge among Eight Cultural Groups Based on Ethnobotanical Uses of Rhododendron (Ericaceae) in Yunnan Province, China

Shared and Separate Knowledge among Eight Cultural Groups Based on Ethnobotanical Uses of Rhododendron (Ericaceae) in Yunnan Province, China. Yunnan, a province in southwest China, is known for its cultural diversity of 25 ethnic minorities and its vast Himalayan biodiversity, especially of Rhododendron. Previous literature has shown that some cultural groups share ethnobotanical knowledge while other cultural groups keep their knowledge separate. We investigated factors that may lead to the sharing of knowledge based on the uses of rhododendron among seven cultural minorities (the Bai, Dulong, Lisu, Naxi, Nu, Tibetan, and Yi) and the Han majority. Semistructured interviews about rhododendrons were conducted with approximately 30 individuals in each cultural group. Cluster analyses and a new analysis method were conducted to determine the within-group homogeneity of knowledge of rhododendron uses to test hypotheses related to strength of cultural traditions. The Dulong, Lisu, and Nu were compared with each other as these groups share villages and languages. The Naxi, Tibetan, and Yi live predominantly with members of their cultural group, and are often monolingual; thus, these three cultural minorities were compared. The Bai and Han compose the final comparison as the Bai are increasingly interacting with the local Han majority as tourism grows in that area. The Bai, Dulong, Han, Lisu, and Nu had variable answers within each group, while the Naxi, Tibetan, and Yi have homogeneous knowledge of uses of rhododendron within their cultural group. Among the eight cultural groups compared for this study, factors such as sharing of language, overlap of living situation, and sharing of markets leads to non-homogenous knowledge of rhododendron uses among members of the same cultural group.
A Mechanism for Local Dissipation of Internal Tides Generated at Rough Topography

Abstract Fine- and micro-structure observations indicate that turbulent mixing is enhanced within O(1) km above rough topography. Enhanced mixing is associated with internal wave breaking and, in many regions of the ocean, has been linked to the breaking and dissipation of internal tides. The generation and dissipation of internal tides are explored in this study using a high-resolution two-dimensional nonhydrostatic numerical model, which explicitly resolves the instabilities leading to wave breaking, configured in an idealized domain with a realistic multiscale topography and flow characteristics. The control simulation, chosen to represent the Brazil Basin region, produces a vertical profile of energy dissipation and temporal characteristics of finescale motions that are consistent with observations. Results suggest that a significant fraction of mixing in the bottom O(1) km of the ocean is sustained by the transfer of energy from the large-scale internal tides to smaller-scale internal waves by nonlin...
Enhanced hydrolysis of a phosphonate ester by mono-aquo metal cation complexes

Abstract The hydrolysis of the ester 2,4-dinitrophenyl- ethyl methylphosphonate has been examined by both stop-flow spectrophotometric and pH-stat techniques. These reactions have been carried out in the presence of several nucleophiles including simple non-labile (w.r.t. substitution) mono-aquo metal ion complexes. Comparison of reaction rates of the metal complexes with sterically hindered organic nucleophiles has led to the conclusion that the metal ions function predominantly as general base catalysts in dilute aqueous solution. Reaction rates for the various nucleophiles studied are tabulated together with solvolysis constants for hydroxide ion and water at 35 °C and I =0.1 mol dm −3 (KNO 3 ). These later two values are respectively 32.7 mol −1 dm 3 s −1 and 1.37 x 10 −4 s −1 . A Bronsted β value of 0.52 for the phosphonate ester studied has also been derived.
A comparison of quarterly earnings per share forecasts using James-Stein and unconditional least squares parameter estimators

Abstract This study provides evidence which suggests that the use of the James-Stein shrinkage estimator of parameters from multiple ARIMA models of quarterly earnings per share results in forecasts of earnings with lower mean square percentage forecast error (MSPFE) than can be obtained using the unconditional least square estimator. Moreover, this reduction in MSPFE is available at low marginal computational cost.
Weblogs as an Emerging Genre in Higher Education

WEBLOGS (or “blogs”) emerged in the past decade as an Internet applications genre, providing a platform for the development of critical, individual voices within the context of Internet resources. Weblogs consist of links to particular Web materials with specific commentary, generally presented in chronological format, harkening back to older, more traditional forms of expression such as diaries and travelogues. Weblog consumption has become increasingly popular in higher education contexts as individuals seek ways to locate Web content of quality and relevance to particular topics or themes. Many individuals have emphasized the autobiographical functions of weblog production, situating the hyperlinks provided in the context of personal reflections and revelations and working to construct narrative selves through “performative” uses of hyperlinking. The character of weblogs as a genre is in part related to collaborative efforts (including the sustained interaction among bloggers in discussion of the genre and critique of each other’s productions). Faculty who incorporate weblog development in teaching initiatives should be aware of privacy and voyeurism considerations as students reveal personal information; however, weblog construction can be useful in conveying new dimensions of identity construction and plagiarism issues in social constructivist frameworks.
Pyoderma gangrenosum masquerading as necrotizing fasciitis

Necrotizing fasciitis is a fulminant advancing soft tissue infection characterized by widespread fascial necrosis, which can result in significant morbidity and even death. This condition requires prompt diagnosis and aggressive management with extensive surgical debridement and appropriate antibiotic coverage. Pyoderma gangrenosum, in contrast, is a noninfectious inflammatory condition of the skin that typically does not require surgical management. Both conditions can present with extensive ulceration and tissue necrosis, and close clinical-pathologic correlation is required to make the appropriate diagnosis. We present a case in which the diagnosis of pyoderma gangrenosum was initially elusive and serves to illuminate the diagnostic pitfalls in dealing with these entities.
Long-Term Follow-Up of Stage I Cervical Adenocarcinoma Treated by Radical Surgery

Abstract From 1972 to 1988 55 patients underwent radical abdominal hysterectomy, pelvic lymph node dissection for treatment of FIGO Stage I cervical adenocarcinoma. A minimum of 60 months follow-up was available on all surviving patients. A detailed retrospective analysis was conducted to determine the influence of radical surgery on survival and to identify prognostic factors for recurrence. A bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was included as part of the primary surgery in 52 the patients. Histologic subtypes included endocervical adenocarcinoma (44), papillary carcinoma (5), clear cell carcinoma (3), and adenosquamous carcinoma (3). The 5- and 10-year disease-free survival was 85.5%. The median follow-up of the surviving patients was 78.5 months (range, 60 to 240 months). Eight patients recurred, all but 1 of whom died of disease. Median time to recurrence was 28 months (range, 6 to 47 months). Five patients recurred beyond 24 months. One patient recurred locally, 5 recurred regionally, and 2 developed distant recurrences. Lymph node metastases ( P P P = 0.0001), presence of parscervical disease ( P = 0.0034), and size of the lesion ( P = 0.0059) were shown to be significant determinants of recurrence. Two of the 3 patients with a single involved lymph node recurred. Age, parity, history of oral contraceptive use, histologic subtype, and lymph vascular space involvement were not statistically significant determinants of recurrence. Adjuvant whole pelvic radiotherapy did not influence regional recurrence or survival but may decrease local recurrence. Radical abdominal hysterectomy pelvic lymph node dissection is an appropriate treatment of patients with Stage I cervical adenocarcinoma. Frequent follow-up intervals should be maintained through 48 months. Patients with lymph node metastases should be considered for randomized treatment protocols.
SPECTRAL RADIUS ALGEBRAS AND SHIFT

We consider spectral radius algebras associated to operators of the form h(S), where h ∈ H ∞ and S is the unilateral shift. We show that, for a large class of H ∞ functions, B h(S) is weakly dense in LH.
Characterize packing of aggregate particles for paving materials: Particle size impact

Abstract Aggregate packing directly affects the way of aggregate particles forming a skeleton to transmit and distribute traffic loads, thus influencing the stability and mechanical performance of the mixtures. Although some efforts have been conducted to evaluate the quality of a designed aggregate structure, such as the Bailey’s method for hot mix asphalt (HMA) mixture, there is a lack of fundamental understanding of the aggregate packing properties. Also how the packing and degree of aggregate interlock can be related to mixture performance is not clear. Major reason is because the aggregate structure is a very complicated system whose packing characteristics can be affected by both particle size distributions and the particle shape (angularities) distribution. To understand this complex packing system, our study developed a two-step procedure. As the first step, the size distribution effect is evaluated and the results are presented in this paper. The second step will investigate the combined effect of size distribution and shape impact and the results will be presented in a later paper. Specifically, in this paper we conducted a particle packing analysis using a discrete element modeling (DEM) simulation method. An HMA mixture gradation typically used in the State of Washington was utilized as a case study example for the analysis. By correlating the gradation parameter to the volumetric properties of the structure, this paper theoretically demonstrated the roles of aggregate particles with different sizes in an HMA mixture. Contact force chains and mean contact force were calculated using PFC3D DEM simulation, which provided an indication of the capability of the aggregate structure to transmit stresses through aggregate skeleton, and thereby, to resist permanent deformation. The study conducted here demonstrated the aggregate size distribution played a significant role in the packing characteristics, affecting both volumetrics and the contact characteristics of a packed structure. Such findings are critical for evaluating the combined effect of size and shape distribution on packing, and achieving a performance based aggregate gradation design.
Multimodal monitoring for neurological disorders

Many medications and therapies are available to treat neurological movement disorder symptoms such as tremor, bradykinesia, postural instability, and gait disturbances. However, proper dosages and treatment combinations can be difficult to determine and often must be adjusted over time. Such adjustments are typically based on infrequent clinical evaluations. Mobile, long term monitoring of motor signs will allow better informed treatment adjustments and, as a result, has the potential to improve the quality of life for patients. With this in mind, we built a system for portable monitoring of neurological disorders in humans. The system analyzes movement signals from distributed wirelessly connected gyroscopes and accelerometers using a commercial smartphone, off-the-shelf attachments, and custom-programmed software. With approval from the Georgia Institute of Technology Institutional Review Board, we conducted a study with human subjects to evaluate whether unsupervised remote mobile monitoring might be possible with such a system, and, if so, how accurately the system could assess the signs of Parkinson's disease. We found that it was useful to consider data from multiple sensors in order to discriminate between normal and parkinsonian movement and that it was possible to identify activity types from the accelerometer and gyroscope data with high accuracy (1.0). After the activity type was identified, average discrimination accuracy between parkinsonian and normal conditions was 0.88. Additionally, individual symptoms of the disease could be accurately detected in > 0.8 of cases.
On direct adaptive control of nonminimum-phase plants

Abstract Until recently direct adaptive control was limited to minimum-phase linear plants with unknown parameters. Two recent conceptual innovations, input matching and adjustable-model-reference adaptive control, are shown in this paper to provide justifiable direct adaptive control of minimum-phase and some nonminimum-phase plants. An initial, partially successful attempt at adaptive pole shifting arising from these efforts is also presented in order to spur further research of this important topic.
The Effects of Salesperson Compensation on Perceptions of Salesperson Honesty1

A reputation for honesty and trustworthiness is important to success in sales. In this article, we report 2 experiments examining the effects on perceived salesperson honesty of information about how the salesperson is compensated (commissions vs. straight salary). In both experiments, commissioned salesmen were perceived as less honest than were noncommissioned salesmen, but compensation method had no effect on the perceived honesty of saleswomen. The discussion of these findings focuses on their implications for sales management.
Doxycycline may reduce the incidence of aneurysms in haemodialysis vascular accesses

Background. Doxycycline can prevent aortic aneurysms through the inhibition of enzymes that degrade vessel walls. We investigated whether haemodialysis patients who had received one or more courses of doxycycline were at less risk for aneurysms in their vascular accesses than those who had received other antibiotics. Methods. Three hundred and eight patients undergoing chronic maintenance hemodialysis were evaluated for aneurysm formation after exposure to doxycycline or another antibiotic. Conditional forward logistical analysis using Cox proportional hazards test (SPSS) was performed to determine the potential significance of differences of aneurysm formation between the two groups. Results. Patients who had received doxycycline appeared to be at lower risk than the control group, but the effect was most obvious in those patients with synthetic grafts. Conclusions. Doxycycline may have the ability to reduce aneurysm formation in haemodialysis vascular accesses and a large prospective study is warranted.
Does teaching online take more time

Many instructors feel that teaching online takes more time, but there is relatively little data available on this issue. This paper discusses a study that involves detailed recording of instructor time in online and traditional course sections to support a comparison between the two modes of delivery. The presentation describes the study approach and problems encountered in trying to get an accurate picture of instructor time. The presentation also includes results of an analysis of instructor time for a series of course section pairs. Each section pair includes one online and one face-to-face section of the same course taught by the same faculty member. The data provides some general support for the notion that teaching online may take more time than teaching face-to-face. However, the amount of difference tends to be small, and there are some indications that this relationship between teaching mode and time is more complicated than generally assumed.
Principal Component Analysis of Thermographic Data

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) has been shown effective for reducing thermographic NDE data. While a reliable technique for enhancing the visibility of defects in thermal data, PCA can be computationally intense and time consuming when applied to the large data sets typical in thermography. Additionally, PCA can experience problems when very large defects are present (defects that dominate the field-of-view), since the calculation of the eigenvectors is now governed by the presence of the defect, not the "good" material. To increase the processing speed and to minimize the negative effects of large defects, an alternative method of PCA is being pursued where a fixed set of eigenvectors, generated from an analytic model of the thermal response of the material under examination, is used to process the thermal data from composite materials. This method has been applied for characterization of flaws.
Superstores or Mom and Pops? Technology Adoption and Productivity Differences in Retail Trade

I document that cross-country productivity differences in retail trade, which employs around 20% of workers, are accounted for in large part by compositional differences. In richer countries, most retailing is done in modern stores, with high measured output per worker, whereas in developing countries, retail trade is dominated by less-productive traditional stores. I hypothesize that developing countries rationally adopt few modern stores since car ownership rates are low. A simple quantitative model of home production supports the role of cars in determining the composition of retail technologies used and retail-sector productivity differences across countries.
The PowerNap Server Architecture

Data center power consumption is growing to unprecedented levels: the EPA estimates U.S. data centers will consume 100 billion kilowatt hours annually by 2011. Much of this energy is wasted in idle systems: in typical deployments, server utilization is below 30p, but idle servers still consume 60p of their peak power draw. Typical idle periods---though frequent---last seconds or less, confounding simple energy-conservation approaches.In this article, we propose PowerNap, an energy-conservation approach where the entire system transitions rapidly between a high-performance active state and a near-zero-power idle state in response to instantaneous load. Rather than requiring fine-grained power-performance states and complex load-proportional operation from individual system components, PowerNap instead calls for minimizing idle power and transition time, which are simpler optimization goals. Based on the PowerNap concept, we develop requirements and outline mechanisms to eliminate idle power waste in enterprise blade servers. Because PowerNap operates in low-efficiency regions of current blade center power supplies, we introduce the Redundant Array for Inexpensive Load Sharing (RAILS), a power provisioning approach that provides high conversion efficiency across the entire range of PowerNap’s power demands. Using utilization traces collected from enterprise-scale commercial deployments, we demonstrate that, together, PowerNap and RAILS reduce average server power consumption by 74p.
Seismic imaging by holography

During the last half century, seismic imaging techniques have seen steady improvements. With the recent advent of relatively cheap and readily available computers, many complicated algoriths for obtaining seismic images that were formerly only theoretical curiosities can now be implemented. This paper reports on the applications of yet another imaging technique, namely holography, with particular emphasis on Fourier transform holography. A variety of laboratory, field, and computer experiments ate described together with several anticipated practical applications, and it is shown among other things that certain image enhancement techniques based on holography can significanfly improve siesmic images and image-related data.
Rhino-orbital Mucormycosis Treated Successfully with Posaconazole without Exenteration

Mucormycosis is a rare and often fatal opportunistic angioinvasive infection seen mostly in immunocompromised patients, such as those with diabetes mellitus, cancer, or renal failure. Ophthalmic manifestations of orbital mucormycosis include ocular pain, periocular oedema, visual loss, ophthalmoplegia, proptosis, and ptosis. Although therapy for orbital mucormycosis consists of maximally tolerated doses of antifungal agents (e.g., amphotericin B) and extensive surgical debridement, treatment remains ineffective in up to 20% of cases. We describe two patients with rhino-orbitalmucormycosis who were successfully treated with posaconazole in conjunction with intravenous (IV) amphotericin B and sinus surgical debridement. These cases highlight several unusual early manifestations of orbital mucormycosis, including disc oedema and amaurosis fugax, as well as the applicability of a new extended-spectrum antifungal agent in management of orbital zygomycosis.
Body Stabilization and the Strength of Arm Extension

Nine subjects were measured to determine the maximum force of arm extension (push) at five elbow-angles at 25° intervals between 60° and 160°, and with five conditions of back support: no back supp...
Effect of Polydispersity on the Cloud Point Curves of Polymer Mixtures.

Abstract : A method is presented for the calculation of cloud point curves of polymer-polymer mixtures when the polymers involved are polydisperse. The method is based on the Flory-Huggins free energy of mixing with a concentration-independent chi parameter. Numerical results are given for the cases where the molecular weight distributions are represented by the Schulz-Flory type. When the two polymers have similar average molecular weights and polydispersities, the cloud point curves become flatter as the polydispersity increases. When the two polymers have similar average molecular weights but differ in their polydispersities, the cloud point curves become more skewed as the difference in the polydispersity increases. The results point out that, if the polydispersity effect is not properly accounted for, the value of chi deduced from experimental cloud points is liable to be in error, especially with regard to its temperature coefficient or its concentration dependence. (Author)
Narrative Methods in a Study of Trauma Recovery

Multiple narrative perspectives can guide narrative research. The complexity of health narratives presents a significant challenge. Trauma recovery accounts are health narratives demonstrating successes as well as struggles. In this article, I describe a large-scale narrative study in which specific qualitative methods were combined to fit research aims, stories elicited, and emergent questions in the analysis process. Under my direction, an interdisciplinary team conducted this constructivist, feminist, narrative study describing the trauma recovery process. The study was focused on success or thriving in women surviving childhood maltreatment. I took an advocacy stance in favor of participants' interests, as is commensurate with a critical feminist standpoint. Through initial analyses the research team constructed a trauma recovery process termed "becoming resolute." Subanalyses were focused on key relationships, life trajectories, self-strategies, and perceptual changes. My purpose is to explain the various kinds and levels of analysis used here to provide options for others studying recovery narratives.
Methamphetamine Treatment Issues and Considerations among Men Who Have Sex with Men.

Methamphetamine use is epidemic among men who have sex with men (MSM), but treatment has lagged for this group. The author reviews literature concerning use, individual effects of the drug, and treatment for MSM and discusses implications for counselor training, future practice, and research.
Impact of Children's Sickle Cell History on Nurse and Physician Ratings of Pain and Medication Decisions

The process of assessing and treating recurrent and unpredictable pain in children with sickle cell disease (SCD) is complex. A conceptual model is presented to aid in understanding the influence of mediating factors such as professional knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about pain, and learning history on the interpretation of objective data and resulting treatment decision. One aspect of this model, the effect of disease history on pain assessment and treatment decisions, is tested in an experimental study of SCD pain in children. Results suggest that nurses, but not pediatric residents, provide lower doses of narcotic analgesics to children with histories of frequent, as opposed to occasional, hospitalization for pain, although they do not differ in their ratings of the pain of children with these histories. Neither professional experience and training nor reported attitudes and beliefs about pain in children are related to this pattern of decision making. Results are discussed in terms of the aversive impact of repeated exposure to a noxious stimulus (pain behaviors) on caregiver interpretation of pain cues.
Epidermal growth factor receptor and insulinlike growth factor 1 receptor expression predict poor survival in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and insulinlike growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) proteins and IGF-1R gene copy numbers in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in relation to patients' characteristics and prognosis. METHODS: Immunohistochemical staining was performed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue derived from tumor specimens recovered during surgery. Slides were evaluated for membranous EGFR and IGF-1R staining using both the HercepTest and the semiquantitative H-score systems. Chromogenic in situ hybridization was performed to quantify IGF-1R gene copy number. The primary outcome was the association between EGFR expression, IGF-1R expression—in both neoplastic epithelial and stromal cells—or IGF-1R gene copy number and overall survival. Secondary outcomes included associations between EFGR and IGF-1R expression and pathologic variables. RESULTS: A total of 105 patients were included. EGFR expression was present in 30.4% of cases and was associated with lymph node metastasis (P = .038). IGF-1R was overexpressed in 53% of tumors and correlated with higher tumor grade (P = .033). High membranous expression of EGFR (P < .001) and/or IGF-1R (P = .004), the cytoplasmic detection of EGFR (P = .027), and high expression levels of IGF-1R in the tumoral stroma (P < .001) were all associated with shorter overall survival, being significantly better in patients who simultaneously do not express membranous EGFR or stromal IGF-1R. CONCLUSIONS: EGFR and IGF-1R expression, in neoplastic and stromal cells, seems to be an important prognostic factor. Cancer 2012;3484–3493. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Damage Control Resuscitation In Trauma

Introduction:Most preventable trauma deaths are due to uncontrolled hemorrhage.Methods:In this article, we briefly describe the pathophysiology of the classical triad of death in trauma, namely, ac...
Permethrin resistance and target site insensitivity in the mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus in Alabama.

Insecticides are the most important component in the vector-control effort and pyrethroids such as permethrin are widely used for the indoor control of mosquitoes worldwide. However, the widespread development of resistance to pyrethroids is becoming a major problem. The current study reports an extensive survey of permethrin resistance in Alabama designed to characterize the importance of the L-to-F kdr mutation in pyrethroid resistant Culex mosquitoes. Mosquitoes were collected from 19 counties, 17 in Alabama and two from neighboring counties in Florida and Tennessee. Culex quinquefasciatus Say from all the counties tested were found to have developed resistance to permethrin. Seventy one percent of the field population from Alabama exhibited relatively low levels of resistance, with resistance ratios ranging from 71 to 390; 11% had medium/high levels of resistance, with resistance ratios ranging from 810 to 830; and the remaining18% had high levels of resistance, with resistance ratios ranging from 1,100 to 1,400. Most of the mosquito populations tested showed a strong correlation between their level of resistance and the frequency of L-to-F mutation expression, suggesting the importance of target site insensitivity in the development of permethrin resistance. However, four populations with elevated levels of resistance showed no L-to-F mutation in their sodium channels. Although it is possible that other mutations other than L-to-F are present in the sodium channel, resulting in permethrin resistance in these four field populations, resistance mechanisms other than target site insensitivity also must be considered.
Adolescent Sexual Behavior in the Digital Age: Considerations for Clinicians, Legal Professionals, and Educators

Having read Adolescent Sexual Behavior in the Digital Age: Considerations for Clinicians, Legal Professionals, and Educators from cover to cover, it is a must-have for all clinicians (especially th...
Anglo-American Land Law: Diverging Developments from a Shared History - Part III: British and American Real Property Law and Practice - A Contemporary Comparison

This series of three articles describes the history of land law shared by the British and American legal systems, and how and why these legal traditions have diverged from each other in modern times. This Article - part 3 in this series - provides a snapshot of the principal points of land law and conveyancing in each country. Several legal events in the twentieth century have shaped modern British and American real property law and practice. Important British statutory reforms of the early twentieth century contrast with ineffective American attempts at property law reform during the same time period. The British changes were uniform, systemic, and systematic, while the American changes were evolutionary, uneven, occasionally irrational, but nevertheless significant. This Article contains a description of the most important of these differences and some possible explanations for their occurrence. Despite the differences in property law and practice, lawyers from both jurisdictions still share a similar technical vocabulary. The intent of this Article is to enlighten each country's property lawyers about the practices of their colleagues across the Atlantic (in anticipation of the American Bar Association Annual Meeting in London, England, in August 2000).
Heuristics and Sophistication in the Voting Booth

As an explanation for voter decision making under conditions of low knowledge and interest in politics, scholars have turned to the idea of decision shortcuts, or heuristics. This paper focuses on answering three major questions in the literature on heuristic decision making: who is using heuristics, what heuristics are they using, and do these heuristics help individuals make good political decisions. One theoretically and empirically important variable in these questions is an individual’s political sophistication. Despite the agreement between scholars on the importance of sophistication, its role in heuristic decision making has been confused. We argue that the importance of political sophistication is primarily as a selection mechanism, leading high sophisticates to use a partisan heuristic and low sophisticates to use an affective heuristic. We additionally find, counter to previous research, that there is no interactive effect between sophistication and heuristics. The effectiveness of heuristics in helping individuals make good vote choices will vary depending on type. But, this effectiveness is constant across levels of sophistication.
Synergistic Activation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase by Cyclic AMP and Myeloid Growth Factors Opposes Cyclic AMP’s Growth-Inhibitory Effects

Colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) promote the proliferation, differentiation, commitment, and survival of myeloid progenitors, whereas cyclic AMP (cAMP)-mediated signals frequently induce their growth arrest and apoptosis. The ERK/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is a target for both CSFs and cAMP. We investigated how costimulation by cAMP and colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) or interleukin-3 (IL-3) modulates MAPK in the myeloid progenitor cell line, 32D. cAMP dramatically increased ERK activity in the presence of CSF-1 or IL-3. IL-3 also synergized with cAMP to activate ERK in another myeloid cell line, FDC-P1. The increase in ERK activity was transmitted to a downstream target, p90rsk. cAMP treatment of 32D cells transfected with oncogenic Ras was found to recapitulate the superactivation of ERK seen with cAMP and CSF-1 or IL-3. ERK activation in the presence of cAMP did not appear to involve any of the Raf isoforms and was blocked by expression of dominant-negative MEK1 or treatment with a MEK inhibitor, PD98059. Although cAMP had an overall inhibitory effect on CSF-1–mediated proliferation and survival, the inhibition was markedly increased if ERK activation was blocked by PD98059. These findings suggest that upregulation of the ERK pathway is one mechanism induced by CSF-1 and IL-3 to protect myeloid progenitors from the growth-suppressive and apoptosis-inducing effects of cAMP elevations.
Dance of the Cranes: Crane symbolism at Çatalhöyük and beyond

In this article, the authors reveal the symbolic role of cranes at Neolithic Catalhoyuk, Turkey. Worked bones of the Common Crane (Grus grus) are interpreted as coming from a spread wing used in dances, a ritual practice perhaps connected with the celebration of marriage.
The Etiology of Typhus exanthematicus in Mexico (Tabardillo).

In a preliminary report1 we presented an outline of the results of our investigations on typhus exanthematicus in Mexico. It is our purpose, in this communication, to state the facts which led us to our conclusions as well as to bring forward other phases of the work not mentioned in the first paper. The studies here reported were made in Matehuala, in Central Mexico, during the epidemic of typhus fever which prevailed throughout the winter, or dry months, of 1915-1916. An expedition consisting of the authors was made possible through the generosity of the board of directors of Mount Sinai Hospital. A complete laboratory equipment including animals for experimental purposes was taken with us in a special car. We wish to thank Dr. F. S. Mandlebaum, pathologist to the hospital, for his great aid in this direction. These investigations could not have been made without the assistance of the American
MINING CAUSALITY FROM IMPERFECT DATA

Causal reasoning plays an essential role in both informal and formal human decision-making. Causality itself as well as human understanding of causality is imprecise, sometimes necessarily so. A common sense understanding of the world tells us that we have to deal with imprecision, uncertainty and imperfect knowledge. A difficulty is striking a good balance between precise formalism and commonsense imprecise reality. An algorithmic method of accommodating imprecision in causality is needed. Today, data mining holds the promise of extracting unsuspected information from very large databases. However, the most common data mining rule forms do not express a causal relationship. Without understanding the underlying causality, a naive use of data mining rules can lead to undesirable actions.
In-flight UAV Model Parameter Identification: A Simulation Study

Dynamics modeling of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) is an essential step for design and evaluation of an UAV system. Many advanced control strategies for nonlinear dynamical or robotic systems which are applicable to UAVs also rely on known dynamics models. The accuracy of a model depends not only on the mathematical formulae of the model but also on the values of model parameters. Model parameters are very difficult to measure for a given UAV. This paper presents the results of a simulation based study of an in-flight model parameter identification method. Assuming the motion state of a flying UAV is directly or indirectly measureable, the method can identify the unknown inertia parameters of the UAV. Using the recursive least-square technique, the method is capable of updating the model parameters of the UAV while the vehicle is in flight.
Between Quantum and Classical: Evolution of Electron Magnetic Resonance with Growth of a Spin System Size

Systems with a single or several coupled electron spins are commonly described with the quantum approach while ferromagnetic domains with millions of coupled spins are classical systems. Large spin clusters and superparamagnetic nanoparticles contain hundreds of coupled electron spins, and are on the boundary between classical and quantum behavior. Electron magnetic resonance observed in ultra-fine iron oxide nanoparticles (∼ 5 nm size) reveals several features which are typical for paramagnetic spins and absent in macroscopic systems, including multiple quantum transitions observed at H0/n, where n = 2, 3, 4 and H0 is the field of the main resonance. In order to better understand the transition from quantum to classical behavior and magnetization dynamics at the nanoscale, we study the evolution of the EMR signal with increase of the particle size in suspensions of magnetite nanoparticles. The experimental data are compared with numerical simulations.