cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The foliar absorption of potassium from organic and inorganic potassium carriers

Abstract Using excised trifoliate leaves of 3 week‐old Glycine max ‘Bragg’ seedlings, a total of 31 organic and inorganic potassium compounds were tested for their efficacy of foliar potassium absorption at 10 mM K (using 86Rb as a tracer for K) and pH 6.3. Of the 14 inorganic K compounds screened, potassium bicarbonate, nitrite and several phosphate compounds yielded the highest % K absorption. Five of the inorganic K compounds caused slight leaf burn. Most of the 17 organic K compounds yielded higher % K absorption than the inorganic K compounds. Potassium acetate had the highest % K absorption without causing leaf burn. Monocarboxylic K compounds had greater % K absorption than the di‐ and tricarboxylic compounds. Chemical groups which increased polarity tended to decrease absorption. The absorption data for all K compounds tested could be partially explained by considering molecular weights and drying characteristics on the leaf surface. There was a positive correlation between total % K absorption an...
α1-Adrenergic stimulation differentially regulates ether-linked diacylglycerols in airway epithelial cells from normal and cystic fibrosis patients

Abstract α1-Adrenergic stimulation of human airway epithelial cells induces a transient increase in polyphosphoinositide turnover coincident with augmented Na+Cl−(K+) cotransport activity. This activation of airway epithelial cells also results in a biphasic elevation of diacylglycerols. To better understand the significance of these distinct diacylglycerol pools, we now characterize the mass of ether- and ester-linked diacylglycerol species. We demonstrate that the relative mass of ether-linked diacylglycerols is reduced in airway epithelium from cystic fibrosis patients in the presence or absence of α1-adrenergic stimulation. This reduction in ether-linked diacylglycerol mass may represent a compensatory mechanism to help maintain normal chloride influx in cystic fibrosis patients.
Induced magnetism of 4d transition metals: Rh and Ru/Fe(001) overlayers and sandwiches

The structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of mono and bilayer Rh and Ru transition metals deposited on a Fe(001) substrate or sandwiched by an additional Fe layer have been determined by using the highly precise local density full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave method. Significantly, the atomic force determinations demonstrate that a large interfacial relaxation plays an important role in their electronic and magnetic properties. Both mono and bilayer Ru and Rh in the systems considered are found to be able to retain large spin magnetic moments. The ground state of bilayer Rh is found to have its moments coupled antiferromagnetically. In good agreement with x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) measurements, the deposition of Rh layers on Fe(001) is found to enhance the Fe spin magnetic moments in the interface. Calculated values of the spin and orbital parts of the magnetic moments and the MCD spectra are presented, and the role of overlayer-substrate hybridization is discussed.
Grain growth in Ni-Fe thin films

Abstract Grain growth in vapor-deposited 81 at.% Ni+19 at.% Fe thin films 200 and 400 A thick in the temperature range 350°–450°C has been investigated by transmission electron microscopy. The results have been interpreted in terms of a previously published model of grain growth in thin films on substrates. The activation energy for grain growth in this alloy has been determined as 1.7±0.2 eV.
A celloidin infiltration-frozen section sequence for enhanced preservation of phosphatases in bone.

The effect of the following embedding procedures on the acid and alkaline phosphatase content of decalcified mouse tibiae has been studied: embedding in 23% gelatine for 18 hr at 37° C, embedding in paraffin wax in vacuo for 1 hr at 58° C, and impregnation with 4% celloidin in diethyl ether and ethanol at 4° C for 2-3 days. Unsupported tissues were also used to demonstrate these enzymes for comparison with the above procedures. Tibiae were first fixed in 10% neutral formalin at 4° C for 15 hr, decalcified in equal volumes of 2% formic acid and 20% sodium citrate at pH 4.9 for not more than 5 days and then washed in distilled water before carrying out the embedding schedules. The celloidin-impregnated tibiae were placed in 70% ethanol to harden the celloidin and then washed in distilled water for 1-2 hr. These tibiae and those embedded in gelatine were cast in a gelatine block which was then hardened in 10% neutral formalin at 4° C for 2 hr. Sections of these and unsupported tibiae were cut at 15 μ on a fr...
Identification of flexible structures by frequency-domain observability range context

The well known frequency-domain observability range space extraction (FORSE) algorithm provides a powerful multivariable system-identification tool with inherent flexibility, to create state-space models from frequency-response data (FRD). This paper presents a method of using FORSE to create “context models” of a lightly damped system, from which models of individual resonant modes can be extracted. Further, it shows how to combine the extracted models of many individual modes into one large state-space model. Using this method, the author has created very high-order state-space models that accurately match measured FRD over very broad bandwidths, i.e., resonant peaks spread across five orders-of-magnitude of frequency bandwidth.
The uterine epithelium of Ascaris lumbricoides as a model system for the study of polyploidy

Abstract For several reasons Ascaris uterine epithelium is useful for the study of polyploidy. It shows a range of polyploid values which, when expressed as average nuclear DNA, correlate with variations in cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein. The arrangement of the uterine epithelial cells in a single sheet consisting of large cells makes possible detailed analysis of cell function from end to end of the uterus. This possibility, coupled with the ability to study the uterine epithelium in both differentiating and adult animals, permits study of the function of single cells or discrete populations of cells during the development of polyploidy. Thus use of Ascaris uterine epithelium as an experimental system may yield important information concerning the significance of polyploidy in biological systems.
Zinc-Specific: Food Frequency Questionnaire

Purpose: A new dietary zinc assessment tool (ZAT) was evaluated to determine its usefulness in estimating zinc intakes among college students. Methods: A food frequency questionnaire specifically designed for calculating average zinc intakes was administered to university students who had also completed three-day food records. Zinc intakes from the two instruments were compared. Results: Among 171 participants (38 male, 133 female) aged 20.2 ± 1.6 years (mean ± standard deviation), the two dietary assessment methods were positively correlated (r=0.33, p<0.001). The ZAT correctly identified 76% of the women who were obtaining less than the National Academy of Sciences Recommended Dietary Allowance for zinc (8 mg/day for females, 11 mg/day for males). Conclusions: This convenient tool may assist in the identification of problematic dietary patterns at an early stage. Further design modifications and expanded studies are warranted.
Renal effects of ANF (95-126), a new atrial peptide analogue, in dogs with experimental heart failure.

Atrial natriuretic factor 95-126 [ANF (95-126)] is a novel 32 amino acid peptide which is thought to originate from the kidney. The systemic hemodynamic and renal effects of equimolar doses of intravenous synthetic ANF (95-126) and synthetic alpha ANF (99-126) were examined in normal dogs (n = 6) and in dogs with an arteriovenous (AV) fistula and chronic compensated high-output heart failure (n = 5). ANF (95-126) and alpha ANF (99-126) were infused at 5 and 10 pmol/kg/min for 75-min periods each. In the normal and AV fistula dogs the two peptides similarly decreased mean arterial pressures and right atrial pressures (P less than .05). Creatinine clearance and urinary volume excretion increased (P less than .05) in the normal dogs with both peptides, but only ANF (95-126) produced significant elevations (P less than .05) of these two parameters in the AV fistula animals. With the highest infusion dose, ANF (95-126) increased urinary sodium excretion to at least twice the levels observed with alpha ANF (99-126) in both groups of dogs (P less than .05). The decreases in plasma renin and aldosterone were comparable for the two peptides in both groups of animals. These results indicate that ANF (95-126) is more potent than alpha ANF (99-126) for the promotion of a natriuresis, particularly in AV fistula dogs with compensated high-output heart failure, in which the sodium excretory actions of alpha ANF (99-126) were attenuated markedly.
Partisan Attitudes and the Vote Moving Beyond Party Identification

The study of voting has been dominated by several major research traditions—social class and social structure, party identification, and rational choice—each of which has been subject to major criticism. In this article, we develop an alternative approach to the study of electoral behavior. We view vote choice as a decisional process, and the assumptions of our model are in line with available knowledge of simple human decision making and with related theoretical approaches to the subject. In addition to accounting for vote choices in Britain in 1970 and 1974, our argument rests on relatively few and simple assumptions and provides hypotheses that account for stability and change in the votes cast by individuals and by the electorate taken as an aggregate. It also provides a proper theoretical and empirical understanding of the concept of party identification. The result is an alternative to more widely used explanations of electoral behavior.
From Police Administration to Police Science: The Development of a Police Academic Establishment in the United States:

The police academic establishment began in the United States with an emphasis on the principles approach to administration as defined by O. W. Wilson. It evolved with the field over the last 50 years. Each decade has lent distinctive characteristics to its development. Four changes are necessary for its evolution into a genuine science of policing: launching of systematic strategy research; separation of evaluation of strategy from political or social advocacy; inculcation of respect for police scientists who have preceded—particularly O. W. Wilson; and adoption of an open-minded, scientifically neutral approach to assessing what works in policing. The physical sciences provide an appropriate model in this respect.
Liking for Common and Uncommon First Names

This study examined the effects of two subject characteristics (sex of subject, commonness of subject's own name) and two name character istics (sex of name, commonness of name being rated) on the ratings of first names. The primary results were: (1) common names were liked better than uncommon names, (2) male common names were liked better than female common names, whereas, male uncommon names were liked less than female uncommon names, and (3) differential ratings were obtained as a function of subject characteristics only for the ratings of common names.
Reliability of uncertain laminated shells due to buckling and supersonic flutter

A stochastic 48-DOF quadrilateral laminated thin shell element with probabilistic modulus of elasticity, mass density, thickness, fiber orientation, geometric imperfection, middle surface load, and mass density of the air has been formulated. The solution procedure was based on the mean-centered,second-moment perturbation technique. the effects of these uncertain parameters have been studied.
Loss-based quality costs and inventory planning: General models and insights

In this paper, we examine a joint lot-sizing and process investment problem with random yield and backorders. We allow for inspection and develop stochastic models which provide the optimal inspection and lot-sizing policy as well as the optimal process investment for variance reduction. The process quality loss profile around the target is captured via a modification of the Reflected Normal loss function. We conduct numerical experiments assuming that the proportion of defectives follows a Uniform distribution while the process quality characteristic follows either a Normal or Uniform distribution. We also develop closed-form solutions that depend on at most the first two moments of any general probability distribution of defective units and which allow us to examine the nature of optimal policies. We demonstrate via numerical experiments the value of our integrated approach for jointly determining optimal inventory, inspection, and investment policies. Overall, our models and analyses provide some interesting insights into this reasonably complex inventory-quality problem and open up several avenues for future work in this area.
Low-dose-rate vs. high-dose-rate intracavitary brachytherapy for carcinoma of the cervix: The University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) experience •

Abstract Purpose To review the clinical outcome retrospectively of cervical cancer patients treated definitively with either high-dose-rate (HDR) or low-dose-rate (LDR) brachytherapy. Methods and materials One hundred sixty patients (44 Stage I, 83 Stage II, and 33 Stage III) were treated from 1990 to 2000 with curative intent for carcinoma of the cervix. One hundred three LDR patients were compared to 57 HDR patients. Two groups were treated during the same period. An external beam dose of 45 Gy to the entire pelvis was delivered at 1.8 Gy per fraction to most patients before the first intracavitary insertion in both groups. Brachytherapy was delivered in one to two LDR implants or four to five HDR implants at 6 Gy per fraction. The prescribed dose to Point A for LDR was at least 80–85 Gy. Patient characteristics were similar for each cohort. Point A doses were similar for each stage. The primary endpoints assessed were survivals and failure sites. Endpoints were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method and comparisons between treatment groups were performed using the log-rank test. Results The median followup was 48 months for the LDR group and 59 months for the HDR group. For all stages combined and stage for stage in both groups, there was no statistically significant difference in locoregional control, cause-specific survival, and overall survival for LDR compared with HDR. Locoregional control and overall survival were 78% and 60% for LDR compared to 76% and 55% for HDR at 3 years, respectively ( p = 0.96 and p = 0.48). Median cause-specific survival values for LDR vs. HDR were 71 and 81 months, respectively ( p = 0.62). The cause-specific survival for LDR patients was 62% compared with 59% for HDR patients at 3 years. For Stage IB2, II, and III LDR patients, cause-specific survival rates were 62%, 67%, and 45%, compared to 67%, 57%, and 33% for HDR at 3 years, respectively ( p = 0.75, p = 0.95, and p = 0.48). For patients with a recorded site of first failure, the most common site was locoregional (56%) and then distant metastases (26%). Eight patients who were cancer free developed late complications requiring surgical intervention. Two patients were in the HDR group (3.5%) and 5 in the LDR group (4.8%). Conclusions Similar outcome was observed for LDR compared with HDR intracavitary brachytherapy for the entire cohort. In this review, HDR group was not inferior to LDR group in advanced stages. This is likely because our patients were treated with brachytherapy after a high dose of external pelvic radiotherapy in both LDR and HDR patients.
Modeling Phosphate Influence on Arsenate Reduction Kinetics by a Freshwater Cyanobacterium

Arsenic speciation in natural surface-water systems can be highly impacted through biological processes that result in non-thermodynamically predicted species to dominate the system. In laboratory experiments, arsenate reduction by a freshwater cyanobacterium exhibited saturation kinetics increasingly inhibited by elevating solution phosphate concentrations. Approximately 100% arsenate reduction occurred by days 4, 7, and 10 in the low (0.35 µm), middle (3.5 µm), and high (35 µm) phosphate treatments, respectively, with maximum arsenate reduction rates ranged from 0.013 μmol As g C−1 day−1 in the high-phosphate treatment to 0.398 μmol As g C−1 day−1 in the low-phosphate treatment. Saturation kinetic models were utilized to evaluate the impact of cell growth and arsenate-phosphate uptake competition on arsenate reduction rates by the cyanobacterium. Results showed reduced arsenicals dominate arsenic speciation once growth reached steady state, indicating reduced arsenicals may dominate natural systems, even when considering conservatively high, abiotic arsenic reoxidation.
Characters and decomposition of a representation in a number field

Abstract Let A be an ideal in R , the ring of algebraic integers in a number field. The group of residue classes mod A prime to A has a representation U on the space of functions on R mod A . This representation is decomposed and the multiplicity of each character in it is determined. Some consequences of this are obtained and det U is evaluated.
Quantification of Infection with Schistosoma haematobium in Relation to Epidemiology and Selective Population Chemotherapy. II. Mass Treatment with a Single Oral Dose of Metrifonate

Determination of the efficacy of mass treatment of schistosomiasis is usually based on the rate of cure. However, schistosomes do not multiply in the human host, disease tends to cluster in the small proportion of individuals with heavy infections, and reinfection continually occurs in endemic areas. Thus drastic reduction in worm burdens can be a reasonable goal for mass treatment campaigns. The standard dose and regimen of metrifonate for the treatment of schistosomiasis haematobia is 7.5 mg/kg administered in three doses two weeks apart. This treatment results in a cure rate of approximately 50% and a reduction in egg output of 94.5%. In the present study, 72 infected children with egg counts before treatment that averaged from 0.1 to 2,334/10 ml of urine were treated with a single oral dose of 10 mg of metrifonate/kg: the cure rate was 22%, and the reduction in egg output was 96.5%. No side effects were recorded.
Extremal theorems on pseudo-harmonic systems

Several extremal theorems about pseudo-harmonic systems are given, together with two principles concerning invariant harmonic and pseudo-harmonic subsystems. A new general systems theory approach has been used to show that (a) universal truth does not exist; and (b) under the assumption that Zermelo-Frankel axioms and the axiom of choice is consistent, basic particles exist in the world, a basic particle being a particle that cannot be divided into smaller particles. Here, the concept of pseudo-harmonic systems is used to approach the following two general questions. Firstly, for a given structure S and a sub-structure A of S, can we find a sub-structure A* of A, such that (i) A* satisfies all properties that A satisfies; and (ii) A* is a minimal sub-structure of A with (i) in certain sense? Secondly, if instead of the sub-structure A above we are given a group {At: i ∈ I} of sub-structures of S, where I is an index set, can we find a sub-structure X of S such that (iii) X satisfies all the properties eac...
Quantum algorithms for fermionic simulations

We investigate the simulation of fermionic systems on a quantum computer. We show in detail how quantum computers avoid the dynamical sign problem present in classical simulations of these systems, therefore reducing a problem believed to be of exponential complexity into one of polynomial complexity. The key to our demonstration is the spin-particle connection (or generalized Jordan-Wigner transformation) that allows exact algebraic invertible mappings of operators with different statistical properties. We give an explicit implementation of a simple problem using a quantum computer based on standard qubits.
Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding in Disubstituted Ethanes: General Considerations and Methodology in Quantum Mechanical Calculations of the Conformational Equilibria of Succinamate Monoanion

The importance of intramolecular hydrogen bonding between the carboxylate oxygen and amide proton of succinamate anion has been investigated by quantum mechanical simulations as a function of solvent for comparison with conformational equilibria estimated by NMR spectroscopy. The focus is on those methodological considerations of general interest to the conformational equilibrium problem, which are also particularly relevant to the quantum calculations. The roughly planar symmetry of the amide and carboxylate substituents of succinamate anion and the possibility of intramolecular hydrogen-bond formation together suggest that the orientational degrees of freedom of the substituents could play an important role in the equilibrium of the CH_2−CH_2 torsion. To test this hypothesis, two-dimensional potential-energy surfaces (PESs) were mapped out from the quantum mechanical calculations, with coordinates corresponding to the CH_2−CH_2 torsional and amide group rotational degrees of freedom. The Boltzmann populations obtained from two-dimensional PESs and those obtained from a one-dimensional adiabatic surface for the CH_2−CH_2 torsion were compared with the experimental results. In these comparisons, the agreement of calculated gauche fractions with corresponding experimental values was checked, as well as the agreement between predicted coupling constants and those determined from experimental spectra. In polar protic and aprotic solvents, where highly polar trans conformations can be stabilized by dipole−dipole and hydrogen-bonding interactions with the solvent, the orientational degree of freedom of the amide substituent appears to play a sufficiently important role in the CH_2−CH_2 torsional equilibrium that it cannot be safely ignored in the simulations.
Numerically consistent regularization of force‐based frame elements

Recent advances in the literature regularize the strain-softening response of force-based frame elements by either modifying the constitutive parameters or scaling selected integration weights. Although the former case maintains numerical accuracy for strain-hardening behavior, the regularization requires a tight coupling of the element constitutive properties and the numerical integration method. In the latter case, objectivity is maintained for strain-softening problems; however, there is a lack of convergence for strain-hardening response. To resolve the dichotomy between strain-hardening and strain-softening solutions, a numerically consistent regularization technique is developed for force-based frame elements using interpolatory quadrature with two integration points of prescribed characteristic lengths at the element ends. Owing to manipulation of the integration weights at the element ends, the solution of a Vandermonde system of equations ensures numerical accuracy in the linear-elastic range of response. Comparison of closed-form solutions and published experimental results of reinforced concrete columns demonstrates the effect of the regularization approach on simulating the response of structural members. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Isotope dilution mass spectrometric measurements indicate that arachidonylethanolamide, the proposed endogenous ligand of the cannabinoid receptor, accumulates in rat brain tissue post mortem but is contained at low levels in or is absent from fresh tissue.

Arachidonylethanolamide (AEA) isolated from porcine brain binds to cannabinoid receptors, mimics cannabinoid pharmacologic effects, and has been proposed as an endogenous cannabinoid receptor ligand. Demonstration of co-distribution of AEA and cannabinoid receptors in various brain regions could provide supportive evidence for this role. We have performed isotope dilution mass spectrometric measurements of AEA and have demonstrated AEA production by rat tissue homogenates in vitro from exogenous arachidonate and ethanolamine. No detectable endogenous AEA ( 1 nmol/g) was produced during saponification of brain phospholipid extracts. This appears not to reflect hydrolysis of N-arachidonylethanolamine phospholipid precursors of AEA, because Streptomyces chromfucsis phospholipase D, which is active against NAPE, failed to generate AEA from brain phospholipids despite substantial conversion of phospholipids to phosphatidic acid. Such experiments suggested that the abundance of N-arachidonylethanolamine phospholipid in fresh rat brain may be less than 1 in 106 phospholipid molecules. AEA generated during saponification of tissue phospholipids appears to arise from base-catalyzed aminolysis of arachidonate-containing glycerolipids, because AEA was produced from synthetic (1-stearoyl, 2-arachidonoyl)-phosphatidylethanolamine under saponification conditions, and the amount produced increased 300-fold when free ethanolamine was included in the hydrolysis solution. Although AEA was not detectable (
Dynamic voltage scheduling using adaptive filtering of workload traces

An adaptive approach for dynamic voltage scheduling on processors is presented based on workload prediction by filtering a trace history. The effects of update frequency and filtering strategy on the energy savings is analyzed. A performance hit metric is defined and techniques to minimize energy under a given performance requirement are outlined. Our results demonstrate that up to two orders of magnitude energy savings is possible with dynamic voltage scheduling depending on workload statistics.
A molecular docking study of phytochemical estrogen mimics from dietary herbal supplements

The purpose of this study is to use a molecular docking approach to identify potential estrogen mimics or anti-estrogens in phytochemicals found in popular dietary herbal supplements. In this study, 568 phytochemicals found in 17 of the most popular herbal supplements sold in the United States were built and docked with two isoforms of the estrogen receptor, ERα and ERβ (a total of 27 different protein crystal structures). The docking results revealed six strongly docking compounds in Echinacea, three from milk thistle (Silybum marianum), three from Gingko biloba, one from Sambucus nigra, none from maca (Lepidium meyenii), five from chaste tree (Vitex agnus-castus), two from fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum), and two from Rhodiola rosea. Notably, of the most popular herbal supplements for women, there were numerous compounds that docked strongly with the estrogen receptor: Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) had a total of 26 compounds strongly docking to the estrogen receptor, 15 with wild yam (Dioscorea villosa), 11 from black cohosh (Actaea racemosa), eight from muira puama (Ptychopetalum olacoides or P. uncinatum), eight from red clover (Trifolium pratense), three from damiana (Turnera aphrodisiaca or T. diffusa), and three from dong quai (Angelica sinensis). Of possible concern were the compounds from men’s herbal supplements that exhibited strong docking to the estrogen receptor: Gingko biloba had three compounds, gotu kola (Centella asiatica) had two, muira puama (Ptychopetalum olacoides or P. uncinatum) had eight, and Tribulus terrestris had six compounds. This molecular docking study has revealed that almost all popular herbal supplements contain phytochemical components that may bind to the human estrogen receptor and exhibit selective estrogen receptor modulation. As such, these herbal supplements may cause unwanted side effects related to estrogenic activity.
A Case of Pulmonary Hemorrhage and Renal Failure

Background: Alveolar hemorrhage can be seen in many vasculitic disorders. However, granulomatosis polyangiitis (formerly Wegener's granulomatosis) uncommonly presents with life threatening alveolar hemorrhage and has only been discussed in a few case reports (1). Case Presentation: A 53 year old Caucasian male presented with hemoptysis and profound anemia. Two weeks prior, he had presented with abdominal pain with normal renal function and numerous pulmonary nodules. During the current admission, the patient was hypoxic with acute renal failure requiring hemodialysis. Urine sediment demonstrated dysmorphic red blood cells. A bronchoscopy revealed diffuse alveolar hemorrhage. The diagnosis of pulmonary-renal syndrome was made and therapeutic plasma exchange was initiated. Laboratory studies were significant for a c-ANCA titer positive at 1:640 FIU and anti-proteinase (PR)-3 antibody titer positive with 78.3 U/ml. Renal biopsy demonstrated necrotizing crescentic glomerulonephritis. A diagnosis of granulomatosis vasculitis was determined. Conclusion: Alveolar hemorrhage is rare to be the presenting symptom of granulomatosis vasculitis where the common presenting features are recurrent sinusitis, epistaxis, chronic otitis media or rhinitis. Physicians should consider granulomatosis vasculitis in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary-renal syndrome presenting with hemoptysis.
Related Party Transactions and Earnings Management

In this paper, we investigate whether related party transactions are associated with earnings management. If a firm's executives and/or board members engage in related party transactions to expropriate the firm's resources, then they have incentives to manage earnings either to justify (or increase) these perquisites or possibly to mask such expropriation. An alternative view is that related party transactions rationally fulfill other economic demands of a company, for example, by providing access to in-depth skills and expertise or providing an alternative form of compensation. If this were the case, there would be no incentives to manage earnings since the related party transaction need not be obscured or offset; consequently, we would not expect a relation between earnings management and related party transactions. In our paper, we first provide a comprehensive empirical description of the types of related party transactions in which companies engage and then investigate whether related party transactions are associated with earnings management. We present a description of the number of, the parties involved with, the types of and where available, the dollar amounts of related party transactions for 331 publicly-traded companies in fiscal years 2000 and 2001. In our earnings management tests, we present evidence that adjusted absolute abnormal accruals (our earnings management measure), are positively associated with limited types of transactions such as fixed-rate financing from related parties. Overall, it appears that concerns about related party transactions as a factor associated with earnings management are warranted, but for only certain related party transactions. The mere presence of related party transactions is not necessarily an indication that a firm is likely to engage in greater earnings management.
Anästhesie bei Eingriffen am offenen Herzen

Beinahe alle herzchirurgischen Patienten weisen Storungen ihrer Kreislauf-physiologie auf. Sie bedurfen einer besonders sorgfaltigen Narkoseeinleitung und Fuhrung, um eine Schadigung des Myokards oder anderer Organe zu vermeiden. Narkosen bei derartigen Operationen stellen daher an den Anasthesisten besonders hohe Anforderungen.
Intersatellite Temperature Bias: Elimination through Statistical Calibration

Abstract Global cloud imagery (GCI) is constructed from multiple satellite platforms that simultaneously monitor the earth. The GCI overcomes sampling limitations that are inherent to measurements from an individual platform, and provides a continuous and high-resolution description of the global convective pattern. However, it must reconcile inconsistencies in the measurements from different platforms. Escaping operational stages of error detection is a spurious brightening (cooling of brightness temperature), which appears sporadically in the composited imagery and must be removed a posteriori. The spurious brightening is shown to follow from a bias between measurements from polar-orbiting platforms and those from geostationary platforms. The bias is related to the zenith angle dependence of geostationary measurements, which enables its efficient removal. GCI is then composited from satellites in which the zenith angle–dependent bias has been removed a priori. The corrected imagery is shown to be virtua...
Deformable-Mirror Spatial Light Modulators

A brief overview of deformable-mirror spatial light modulator (SLM) technology is presented, followed by the first comprehensive review of the Texas Instruments deformable-mirror device (DMD), a subclass of deformable-mirror SLMs. The DMD architecture, fabrication, and operation (both analog and digital) are described. It is shown that amplitude-dominant or phase-dominant modulation is obtained by a simple modification of the pixel architecture. Representative DMD applications are presented.
Minimum Length Requirement of the Flexible N-Terminal Translocation Subdomain of Colicin E3

The 315-residue N-terminal T domain of colicin E3 functions in translocation of the colicin across the outer membrane through its interaction with outer membrane proteins including the OmpF porin. The first 83 residues of the T domain are known from structure studies to be disordered. This flexible translocation subdomain contains the TolB box (residues 34 to 46) that must cross the outer membrane in an early translocation event, allowing the colicin to bind to the TolB protein in the periplasm. In the present study, it was found that cytotoxicity of the colicin requires a minimum length of 19 to 23 residues between the C terminus (residue 46) of the TolB box and the end of the flexible subdomain (residue 83). Colicin E3 molecules of sufficient length display normal binding to TolB and occlusion of OmpF channels in vitro. The length of the N-terminal subdomain is critical because it allows the TolB box to cross the outer membrane and interact with TolB. It is proposed that the length constraint is a consequence of ordered structure in the downstream segment of the T domain (residues 84 to 315) that prevents its insertion through the outer membrane via a translocation pore that includes OmpF.
Diagnostic Role of Immunohistochemistry in the Evaluation of Breast Pathology Specimens

Context Immunohistochemistry plays a vital role in the evaluation of breast pathology specimens. Objective To discuss the role of myoepithelial cell markers in the evaluation of various breast lesions. Other markers, such as E-cadherin and those used to differentiate mammary carcinoma from metastatic tumors to the breast, and markers used in the differential diagnosis of Paget disease, are also discussed. Data sources Data were obtained from review of the pertinent peer-reviewed literature. Conclusions Myoepithelial cell markers vary in their sensitivity and specificity, and one should be aware of the potential pitfalls in interpretation. Using panels of 2 or more myoepithelial cell markers is always recommended, either singly or in cocktail forms. Although negative E-cadherin staining supports the diagnosis of lobular origin, positive staining does not rule it out. Immunohistochemistry can be helpful in differentiating Paget disease from its mimics. Although metastatic tumors to the breast are rare, a triple-negative immunophenotype and absence of an in situ component should be a "red flag" for such possibility, especially in patients with clinical history of an extramammary malignancy.
How Does the Family’s Level of Development Influence the Therapist’s Approach? General Discussion

The family’s level of development would appear to influence the therapist’s approach. With families who have younger children, you might have to use a different approach than if you have a family with older adolescents. If you have families who are, for example, concrete operational in their thinking capacity, but are not formal operational, would you use one approach versus another? In other words, would the level of cognitive development of the family influence your choice of theoretical perspectives or treatment approaches?
Effects of aerobic and anaerobic fluid collection on biochemical analysis of peritoneal fluid in healthy horses and horses with colic.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether in healthy horses and those with colic, exposure of peritoneal fluid to room air affects values obtained on biochemical analysis. STUDY DESIGN Prospective study. ANIMALS Adult horses with a primary complaint of acute abdominal pain (n=29) and 12 healthy horses. METHODS Peritoneal fluid was aseptically collected under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. After collection, pH, PCO(2) , PO(2) , HCO(3) (-) , Na(+) , ionized Ca(2+) , K(+) , lactate, and glucose were immediately measured using a commercial blood gas analyzer. Biochemical variables were compared between aerobically and anaerobically obtained samples using a paired t-test. RESULTS In healthy horses, peritoneal fluid samples collected under anaerobic conditions had higher PCO(2) and ionized Ca(2+) and lower PO(2) , HCO(3) (-) , and pH compared with samples exposed to air. No differences were observed for K(+) , Na(+) , glucose, and lactate. In horses with colic, samples collected anaerobically had higher PCO(2) , ionized Ca(2+) , Na(+) , and glucose and lower PO(2) , HCO(3) (-) , and pH value compared with samples exposed to air. No differences were observed for K(+) and lactate. CONCLUSION Exposure of peritoneal fluid to room air had a significant effect on pH, PCO(2) , PO(2) , and variables associated or dependent on changes in pH such as HCO(3) (-) and ionized Ca(2+) . Interpretation of biochemical analysis of peritoneal fluid may be influenced by sample collection method.
Heliospheric Influence on the Anisotropy of TeV Cosmic Rays

This paper provides a theory of using Liouville's theorem to map the anisotropy of TeV cosmic rays seen at Earth using the particle distribution function in the local interstellar medium (LISM). The ultimate source of cosmic ray anisotropy is the energy, pitch angle, and spatial dependence of the cosmic ray distribution function in the LISM. Because young nearby cosmic ray sources can make a special contribution to the cosmic ray anisotropy, the anisotropy depends on the source age, distance and magnetic connection, and particle diffusion of these cosmic rays, all of which make the anisotropy sensitive to the particle energy. When mapped through the magnetic and electric field of a magnetohydrodynamic model heliosphere, the large-scale dipolar and bidirectional interstellar anisotropy patterns become distorted if they are seen from Earth, resulting in many small structures in the observations. Best fits to cosmic ray anisotropy measurements have allowed us to estimate the particle density gradient and pitch angle anisotropies in the LISM. It is found that the heliotail, hydrogen deflection plane, and the plane perpendicular to the LISM magnetic field play a special role in distorting cosmic ray anisotropy. These features can lead to an accurate determination of the LISM magnetic field direction and polarity. The effects of solar cycle variation, the Sun's coronal magnetic field, and turbulence in the LISM and heliospheric magnetic fields are minor but clearly visible at a level roughly equal to a fraction of the overall anisotropy amplitude. The heliospheric influence becomes stronger at lower energies. Below 1 TeV, the anisotropy is dominated by small-scale patterns produced by disturbances in the heliosphere.
Targets of TGF-β Signaling in Caenorhabditis elegans Dauer Formation

Caenorhabditis elegans dauer formation is controlled by multiple environmental factors. The chemosensory neuron ASI regulates dauer formation by secretion of DAF-7/TGF-β, but the molecular targets of the DAF-7 ligand are incompletely defined and the cellular targets are unknown. We genetically characterized and cloned a putative transducer of DAF-7 signaling called daf-14 and found that it encodes a Smad protein. DAF-14 Smad has a highly unusual structure completely lacking the N-terminal domain found in all other Smad proteins known to date. daf-14 genetically interacts with daf-8, which encodes another Smad, and the interaction suggests partial functional redundancy between these two Smad proteins. We also studied the cellular targets of DAF-7 signaling by studying the sites of action of daf-14 and daf-4, the putative receptor for DAF-7. daf-14::gfp is expressed in multiple tissues that are remodeled during dauer formation. However, analysis of mosaics generated by free duplication loss and tissue-specific expression constructs indicate cell-nonautonomous function ofdaf-4, arguing against direct DAF-7 signaling to tissues throughout the animal. Instead, these experiments suggest the nervous system as a target of DAF-7 signaling and that the nervous system in turn regulates dauer formation by other tissues.
Histologic evaluation of vitreous carbon endosteal implants in occlusion in dogs.

A 6–7month histologic study of vitreous carbon endosteal implants in occlusion was conducted in dogs to determine whether the shape of the implant has adverse effects on supporting tissues. Conical vitreous carbon implants were placed in fresh, second, and third premolar extraction sites, and the sites were allowed to heal for periods of 2 to 8 weeks prior to restoration with cast gold crowns. Gingival tissues healed routinely and showed inflammatory conditions similar to tissues adjacent to teeth, and normal sulculur depths were measured. Bone formation was observed within grooves in the implant surface, providing retention and stabilization; normal bone remodeling appeared to be occurring adjacent to the implant sites. No inflammatory responses, foreign body reactions, or infections were observed. Vitreous carbon appears well suited for applications as an endosteal implant material.
Updated Cases for Medical Microbiology

Review of : Cases in Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases , 4th ed.; Peter H. Gilligan, Daniel S. Shapiro, and Melissa B. Miller; (2014). ASM Press, Washington, DC. 589 pages.
Silicone on Trial: Breast Implants and the Politics of Risk

Jack C. Fisher. Silicone on Trial: Breast Implants and the Politics of Risk . La Jolla, CA: The Sager Group, 2015. ISBN-10: 0986267929, ISBN-13: 978-0986267925. $22.00. ![Graphic][1] The book “Silicone on Trial: Breast Implants and Politics of Risk” has all the ingredients of a non-fiction suspense novel. Unfortunately, the characters were real people, and this bizarre storyline played out in real life, making an impact on the lives and careers of many and continuing to haunt the industry. Dr Jack Fisher did a tremendous amount of research and preparation in the compilation of this book. It is a very well-organized and fair description of the events surrounding the silicone crisis. While it does tell an interesting story, it is really a historical book that covers the intertwining legal, political, corporate, scientific, medical, and public components surrounding silicone implants. The initial focus of the story is on the establishment of stricter regulatory processes and government oversight organizations, where Dr Fisher draws analogies to the seizure of Coca Cola barrels in 1909 over concerns of ingredients and safety. This set the stage for the … Corresponding Author: Dr Albert Losken, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Emory University, 550 Peachtree Street, Suite 9000, Atlanta, GA 30308, USA. E-mail: alosken{at}emory.edu [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif
Surgical Outcomes in Patients with High Spinal Instability Neoplasm Score Secondary to Spinal Giant Cell Tumors

Study Design Retrospective review. Objective To describe the surgical outcomes in patients with high preoperative Spinal Instability Neoplastic Score (SINS) secondary to spinal giant cell tumors (GCT) and evaluate the impact of en bloc versus intralesional resection and preoperative embolization on postoperative outcomes. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 14 patients with GCTs of the spine who underwent surgical treatment prior to the use of denosumab. A univariate analysis was performed comparing the patient demographics, perioperative characteristics, and surgical outcomes between patients who underwent en bloc marginal ( n = 6) compared with those who had intralesional ( n = 8) resection. Results Six patients underwent en bloc resections and eight underwent intralesional resection. Preoperative embolization was performed in eight patients. All patients were alive at last follow-up, with a mean follow-up length of 43 months. Patients who underwent en bloc resection had longer average operative times ( p = 0.0251), higher rates of early ( p = 0.0182) and late ( p = 0.0389) complications, and a higher rate of surgical revision ( p = 0.0120). There was a 25% (2/8 patients) local recurrence rate for intralesional resection and a 0% (0/6 patients) local recurrence rate for en bloc resection ( p = 0.0929). Conclusions Surgical excision of spinal GCTs causing significant instability, assessed by SINS, is associated with high intraoperative blood loss despite embolization and independent of resection method. En bloc resection requires a longer operative duration and is associated with a higher risk of complications when compared with intralesional resection. However, the increased morbidity associated with en bloc resection may be justified as it may minimize the risk of local recurrence.
Compound refractive lenses as prefocusing optics for X-ray FEL radiation.

The performance of X-ray free-electron laser beamlines may be limited by the angular aperture. Compound refractive lenses (CRLs) can be employed to prefocus the X-ray beam, thereby increasing the beamline transmission. A prefocusing CRL was implemented in the X-ray transport of the Matter under Extreme Conditions Instrument at the Linac Coherent Light Source. A significant improvement in the beamline transmission was calculated over the 3–10 keV photon energy range. At 5 keV, the relative X-ray intensity was measured and a factor of four increase was seen in the beamline transmission. The X-ray focus was also determined by the ablation imprint method.
A motorized ultrasound system for MRI-ultrasound fusion guided prostatectomy

Purpose: This study presents MoTRUS, a motorized transrectal ultrasound system, to enable remote navigation of a transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) probe during da Vinci assisted prostatectomy. MoTRUS not only provides a stable platform to the ultrasound probe, but also allows the physician to navigate it remotely while sitting on the da Vinci console. This study also presents phantom feasibility study with the goal being intraoperative MRI-US image fusion capability to bring preoperative MR images to the operating room for the best visualization of the gland, boundaries, nerves, etc. Method: A two degree-of-freedom probe holder is developed to insert and rotate a bi-plane transrectal ultrasound transducer. A custom joystick is made to enable remote navigation of MoTRUS. Safety features have been considered to avoid inadvertent risks (if any) to the patient. Custom design software has been developed to fuse pre-operative MR images to intraoperative ultrasound images acquired by MoTRUS. Results: Remote TRUS probe navigation was evaluated on a patient after taking required consents during prostatectomy using MoTRUS. It took 10 min to setup the system in OR. MoTRUS provided similar capability in addition to remote navigation and stable imaging. No complications were observed. Image fusion was evaluated on a commercial prostate phantom. Electromagnetic tracking was used for the fusion. Conclusions: Motorized navigation of the TRUS probe during prostatectomy is safe and feasible. Remote navigation provides physician with a more precise and easier control of the ultrasound image while removing the burden of manual manipulation of the probe. Image fusion improved visualization of the prostate and boundaries in a phantom study.