cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Algorithms and Analysis for Optimizing the Tracking Performance of Cyber Attacked Sensor-Equipped Connected Vehicle Networks

Sensor-equipped connected vehicle networks (SECVNs) have the potential to enable substantially safer driving by improved object tracking, which is an important basic building block in SECVNs. Unfortunately, cyber-attacks on SECVNs pose a very serious threat which could lead to unacceptable outcomes, including fatalities. Recently there has been increasing focus on malicious attack detection and mitigation in SECVNs, and some of this work has considered attacks on sensor data to impact object tracking. Unfortunately, low complexity mitigation approaches which do not compromise performance are lacking. This paper describes an efficient machine-learning enhanced approach for tracking under cyber-attacks. By proper selection of some variances related to the sensor and prior probability density functions, under some assumptions the performance can be made as close as desired to a bound on the best possible performance. However, the complexity of this new approach is dramatically lower than the best existing published low complexity approach, which provides performance which is substantially inferior to that provided by the new approach. The new approach also provides much better scaling with the size of the SECVN. In particular, the complexity increases linearly in the number of sensors, while the best low complexity published approach has a complexity which grows quadratically in the number of sensors. The new approach is also applicable to other tracking applications.
Cubic Zig-Zag Enrichment of the Classical Kirchhoff Kinematics for Laminated and Sandwich Plates

A detailed anaylsis and examples are presented that show how to enrich the kinematics of classical Kirchhoff plate theory by appending them with a set of continuous piecewise-cubic functions. This analysis is used to obtain functions that contain the effects of laminate heterogeneity and asymmetry on the variations of the inplane displacements and transverse shearing stresses, for use with a {3, 0} plate theory in which these distributions are specified apriori. The functions used for the enrichment are based on the improved zig-zag plate theory presented recently by Tessler, Di Scuva, and Gherlone. With the approach presented herein, the inplane displacements are represented by a set of continuous piecewise-cubic functions, and the transverse shearing stresses and strains are represented by a set of piecewise-quadratic functions that are discontinuous at the ply interfaces.
Structural and functional studies on the "5'-cap": a survey method for mRNA.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses a comparison of the nuclear and cytoplasmic messenger RNAs with respect to translational activities and their content of the cap. It reviews the probable allosteric nature of the interaction of the cap and its associated protein. The chapter also deals with the potential usefulness of the information derived from these studies in the development of a survey system for quantitative and qualitative analysis of mRNAs in tissues. It provides some new approaches to studies on mRNA r-prot (r-prot = ribosomal proteins), and some new studies on inhibitors of cap function. The translational activity of nuclear RNA (A n ) is less than that of cytoplasmic mRNA. Low translational activities of hnRNA have also been reported. The hnRNA of liver has a low translational capacity in the Krebs ascites cell-free system; the corresponding activity of cytoplasmic mRNA was not determined. The findings that hnRNA from adenovirus-infected cells can be translated only in the presence of nuclei and suggest that further processing by the nuclei was required.
Modeling Random Binomial Rabbit Hops

Six fourth-grade students engaged in data modeling to make sense of the pattern of variability in binomial distributions. The students modeled five random rabbit-hops by tossing a fair coin to determine the most likely locations of the rabbits along a number line ranging from –5 to +5. To make sense of their empirical distributions, the students generated inscriptions of “paths” showing the possible ways to get to each final location and used these both to prove why certain locations were impossible and why central locations were more likely than extreme ones. Using the NetLogo Model (Wilensky, 1998) also helped some students to notice a particular distribution shape (i.e., a symmetric mound shape) in large number of trials. One student, for example, used the results of the NetLogo simulation to explain the distribution shape and to quantify the probability distribution in terms of the “number of ways” the events could occur.
High frequency link multi-winding power electronic transformer using modular multilevel converter for renewable energy integration

Grid integration of multiple renewable energy sources using a power electronic transformer (PET) topology is presented in this paper. A modular multilevel converter (MMC) is proposed as the power converter on the high voltage grid side to generate high frequency sinusoidal voltages. A single multi-winding high frequency transformer (HFT) interfaces different wind generators/photovoltaic arrays using many H-bridge converters and PWM inverters. The leakage inductance of the transformer acts as the smoothening filter for the current through the HFT. With sinusoidal voltages and smooth currents through the transformer, there is significant reduction in transformer losses and also natural commutation of leakage energy is obtained. The operating principle, modulation and control of the proposed PET is validated by simulations in MATLAB/Simulink.
Applicability of an enzymatic quantitation of methylmalonic, propionic, and acetic acids in normal and megaloblastic states.

A rapid sensitive spectrophotometric assay for the measurement of methylmalonic and propionic acids in urine is described. The assay is based upon the quantitation of propionic acid using acetyl coenzyme A synthetase isolated from baker's yeast. This enzyme is highly specific for acetate and propionate, and acetate interference is eliminated by conversion to citrate. Methylmalonic acid was assayed by converting it to propionate by heat decarboxylation and then measuring the propionate increment over the endogenous amount in the noncarboxylated sample. Studies of urine obtained from normal subjects (by isolation, partial purification, and then assay by the isotope dilution technique) demonstrated urinary excretion of less than 1 mg of propionic acid and 1–5 mg of methylmalonic acid per day. In 22 consecutive patients with documented vitamin B12 deficiency, methylmalonic acid excretion in excess of 30 mg/24 hr was found. In four other patients, with only neurologic involvement methylmalonic aciduria aided in identifying B12 deficiency as an etiologic factor. Methylmalonic acid excretion was measured by direct assay of an aliquot of urine, requiring neither a valine load nor special extraction procedures. Propionic aciduria was variably increased in B12 deficiency and did not correlate either with the severity of the deficit or degree of methylmalonic aciduria. The assay was performed on urine, but it is potentially applicable to tissue extracts. In addition, this assay method can be utilized for the quantification of urine acetate levels as well.
Culture Matters: A Survey Study of Social Q&A Behavior

Online social networking tools are used around the world by people to ask questions of their friends, because friends provide direct, reliable, contextualized, and interactive responses. However, although the tools used in different cultures for question asking are often very similar, the way they are used can be very different, reflecting unique inherent cultural characteristics. We present the results of a survey designed to elicit cultural differences in people’s social question asking behaviors across the United States, the United Kingdom, China, and India. The survey received responses from 933 people distributed across the four countries who held similar job roles and were employed by a single organization. Responses included information about the questions they ask via social networking tools, and their motivations for asking and answering questions online. The results reveal culture as a consistently significant factor in predicting people’s social question and answer behavior. The prominent cultural differences we observe might be traced to people’s inherent cultural characteristics (e.g., their cognitive patterns and social orientation), and should be comprehensively considered in designing social search systems.
Implications of Psychosocial Factors for Diabetes Outcomes among Children with Type 1 Diabetes: A Review

We adopt a risk and resistance framework to review the literature on the psychosocial factors that influence diabetes outcomes—specifically self-care behavior (blood glucose monitoring, diet, exercise, insulin administration) and glycemic control. We examine both personal and social/environmental risk and resistance factors. We conclude by suggesting conceptual and methodological directions for future research. Conceptually, we suggest that researchers examine the synergy among variables that cut across domains, mechanisms linking psychosocial factors to diabetes outcomes, and the impact of goals on health. Methodologically, we suggest that researchers examine age, gender, and race as moderator variables; utilize momentary data collection technology; and employ more sophisticated longitudinal analyses.
Suture-Free Ureterovesical Anastomosis Using a Microvascular Anastomosis System: Canine Cadaveric Study.

Objective To describe a suture-free ureterovesical anastomosis using a microvascular anastomotic system (MAS) and compare the surgical time and bursting pressure to a sutured ureterovesical anastomosis (SA) with and without an extravesical seromuscular tunnel (EVSMT). Study Design Randomized, unblocked design, ex vivo study. Animals Three canine cadavers. Methods For each cadaver, the ureters were sectioned into 3 equal lengths. The 6 sections were randomly assigned to receive either the MAS or end-side SA. The first cadaver (3 MAS, 3 SA) was used to refine the technique, and the remaining 2 cadavers were used for evaluation. Surgical time and bursting pressure of the anastomosis were compared between MAS and SA (n = 6 per technique). After bursting pressure testing of each anastomosis, an SMT was created over the anastomoses. Bursting pressures were again recorded and compared across techniques. Results The surgery time was significantly shorter for MAS (median 5.4 minutes) than SA (median 15.8 minutes; P = .002). The bursting pressure was significantly higher for MAS (median 189.5 cmH2O) than SA (median 64 cmH2O; P = .002). The bursting pressure for MAS-EVSMT (median 398.5 cmH2O) was not significantly different from the SA-EVSMT (median 321 cmH2O, P = .567); however, the creation of an SMT significantly increased the bursting pressure for both techniques (P = .028, respectively). Conclusion This study demonstrated the feasibility of a suture-free ureterovesical anastomosis in the canine cadaver using a commercially available MAS. The MAS anastomosis was faster and resulted in higher bursting pressures than SA. The creation of an SMT improved the bursting resistance of both techniques but there was no difference between the techniques covered by an EVSMT.
Car-to-Car Side Impacts: Computerized Crash Reconstruction

This paper explores the use of a relatively new tool for accident reconstruction - Simulation Model of Automobile Collisions (SMAC). This study is limited to the reconstruction of side impact collisions in which two passenger vehicles are involved. The need for redesigning vehicles based on an understanding of this crash condition is amply demonstrated by the fact that 28% of passenger car occupant fatalities and 41% of passenger car occupant injuries are caused by side impacts. The results obtained during this study are (a) the development of a methodology for data analysis and (b) a relation between crash severity and injury causation. The results are based on a small sample of cases from the Multidisciplinary Accident Investigation (MDAI) file and hence, definitive statistical conclusions are not possible. However, patterns are apparent and suggest reltions between crash severity and injury causation. The results are based on a small sample of cases from the Multidisciplinary Accident Investigation (MDAI) file and hence, definitive statistical conclusions are not possible. However, patterns are apparent and suggest relations between accident parameters and occupant injuries. These suggested relations are discussed and interpreted. The first section of the paper provides a brief description of the SMAC program and describes its use. This is followed by a discussion of the selection process for the cases which have been reconstructed. The final sections of the paper describe the reconstruction and the results. /Author/
Boricuas ACTing UP in New York and San Juan: Diasporic Puerto Rican HIV/AIDS Activism and Anthropology

Following from the analysis of unstructured interviews conducted with members of the first AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power's (ACT UP!) New York contingent to visit Puerto Rico with expressly activist aims, this presentation traces some linkages and disconnects between HIV/AIDS activism in New York City and San Juan, Puerto Rico. Reflecting on the use of ethnographic methods in dissertation research, this essay produces one account of some of the links between different communities struggling with the appearance and entrenchment of HIV/AIDS and some of the ways in which anthropology can engage with the untold or unaccounted for histories that inform this activism and the political frame of HIV/AIDS in San Juan today. This paper analyzes and engages with the configurations of power and responsibility that brought ACT UP! New York to San Juan and explores how ethnography may bring an historical focus to the communal and individual experience of activism in order to better see its effects and different manifestations in the present.
Three-Player Absorbing Games

An n-player absorbing game is an n-player stochastic game where all the states but one are absorbing (a state is absorbing if once it is reached, the probability to leave it is zero, whatever the players play). We prove that every three-player absorbing game has an undiscounted equilibrium payoff.
The mouse tail-flick method for evaluation of narcotic antagonist sustained release

Abstract The objective of this research was to evaluate the mouse tail-flick test for analgesia as a method for screening sustained release narcotic antagonist delivery systems. Control experiments indicated that neither spontaneous movements of the mouse tail nor aging during sustained release studies has any appreciable influence on the measurements. However, testing the mice on a second occasion resulted in more variability in response to the agonist morphine, thus precluding use of a mouse for more than one measurement. Using naltrexone as the narcotic antagonist, it is shown that appropriate use of controls permits conclusions with regard to the physicochemical mechanism responsible for sustained release. Although this pharmacodynamic method does not measure in vivo release rates per se, data from several sustained release systems indicate that this test can be used to assess duration of prolonged release.
Highly precise wavelengths in the infrared

A critical survey of the wavelength measurements made in this laboratory during the past few years has been performed. The data obtained for certain selected absorption bands has been critically analyzed and all band lines have been computed making use of the molecular constants derived from the measurements. These calculated frequencies and wavelengths are of course much more accurate than the measured values for individual band lines since all the experimental data have been smoothed by curve fitting methods. Of course only lines free of blends were used in determining the molecular constants. Although all band lines have been calculated only those free of blends are reliable as wavelength standards.
Congenital aneurysm of the pulmonary sinus of Valsalva.

A case of congenital aneurysm of the pulmonary sinus (sinus of Valsalva) in a 7-year-old child is described. The child met a traumatic death and manifested no symptoms or definite signs of his valvular defect. The heart was of normal weight, and no other abnormalities of the heart or other organs were present. This is the first report of sinus aneurysm of the pulmonary valve. The pathogenetic implications and possible clinical consequences of this defect are discussed.
TESTS OF THE STANDARD URBAN MODEL: A Micro (Trade‐Off) Alternative

Three methods of testing the validity of the monocentric model (the negative house price gradient, the wasteful commuting approach, and the hypothesis of a trade-off between housing expenditures and commuting costs) are evaluated. The negative house price gradient is not supported by several recent hedonic models. “Wasteful” commuting is a poor test because it persists even a policentric world and may be more the result of the weakness of journey-to-work minimization as a key determinant of residence and/or workplace location. This study uses the commuting information presented in the 1985 American Housing Survey in eight large metropolitan areas to show that the trade-off hypothesis fails badly. Heterogeneous Preference for housing, commuting and indeed for all goods and services, combined with a wide variety of workplaces and choice of residential locations at highly, variable rents and house prices may be the major reason why the trade-off is not generally observed.
Into the cracks: a geology of encounters with addiction as disease and moral failing

The author is thinking with Deleuze’s ethical practice of ‘being on the lookout’ for encounters with the cracks. Drawing on research in the USA on access to health care for people who use illicit drugs, the author works with Deleuze and Guattari, Deleuze and Foucault in a geological and genealogical mode of inquiry to investigate the preoccupation over whether addiction is a disease or a moral failing, raising questions about the modes of subjectivation produced by these designations. The author works through a series of encounters, entering into the cracks, where things are already breaking up to unhinge thinking from usual habits to consider what our explanations of addiction produce and to chart different territory, creating different possibilities for insight and action.
A network transformation for active RC networks

A generalization of the well-known RC-CR transformation, which is applicable to active RC networks, is described.
Fractalkine and atherosclerosis: a new role for a curious chemokine

Despite the introduction of potent lipid-lowering drugs, coronary artery disease remains the leading cause of death in the Western world. Although hypercholesterolemia plays an undeniably important role in atherogenesis, there is growing evidence that inflammatory macrophages and lymphocytes that
Cross-bridge movement and the conformational state of the myosin hinge in skeletal muscle

Our recent experiments (Chiao and Harrington, 1979) on glycerinated skeletal-muscle fibers in rigor using the cross-linking method showed that the myosin heads could be cross-linked to the backbone of the thick filament while they are still attached to the thin filament. We further demonstrated that the heads could be made to move out from the thick filament by a small change in pH from 7.4 to 8.0. This behavior suggests that relatively small changes in the local ionic environment can release the cross-bridge from the thick-filament surface. Similar experiments (Sutoh et al., 1978a) with synthetic myosin filaments showed that cross-linking of the subfragment-1 (S-l) subunits was markedly depressed at high pH (8.0-8.3). The myosin heads in synthetic filaments showed pH-sensitive association with the filament backbone similar to those in muscle fibers, which suggests that release of the heads from the thick-filament surface in muscle fibers at high pH is due to the intrinsic property of myosin rather than to an ionic effect between filaments. The possibility that such a release could lead to force generation through an a-helix-random coil transition in the subfragment-2 (S-2) region of myosin during a cross-bridge cycle has been considered in earlier papers (Harrington, 1971, 1979; Tsong et al., 1979) and is supported by thermal melting experiments on the S-2 fragments isolated from rabbit skeletal myosin. Most of the melting in this structure appears to occur in the light meromyosin-heavy meromyosin (LMM-HMM) “hinge” region (Harrington et al., unpublished). Hence, if this segment were to be stabilized in the α-helical state when the head is close to the filament backbone, but became destabilized following attachment of the head to the thin filament during a cross-bridge cycle, the consequent partial melting of the S-2 segment would produce enough shortening force to account for the tension developed in active muscle (Harrington, 1979).
The taxonomic identity and typification of Barbula montenegrina Breidl. & Szyszyl. (Bryopsida, Pottiaceae)

AbstractThe taxonomic status of Barbula montenegrina Breidl. & Szyszyl., a putative synonym of Tortula lingulata Lindb., was re-evaluated, considering its morphological characters and the habitat conditions of the known localities. The taxon is typified here and synonymized with Tortula muralis subsp. obtusifolia (Schwagr.) Culm.
Heterogeneity of Nuclear Estrogen-Binding Sites in the Rat Uterus: A Simple Method for the Quantitation of Type I and Type II Sites by [3H]Estradiol Exchange

Estrogen administration to mature-ovariectomized rats causes the activation or stimulation of secondary nuclear estrogen-binding sites (type II) in the uterus which can interfere with estrogen receptor (type I) measurement. Earlier reports from our laboratory have shown that quantitation of type I sites in the presence of the type II site is very difficult and can only be achieved by graphic analysis of saturation curves which employ a wide range (0.4–40 NM) of [3H]estradiol concentrations in nuclear exchange assay. The studies presented in this manuscript describe simple methods which can be used to separately quantitate both nuclear estrogen-binding sites using a single concentration of [3H]estradiol. Since the nuclear type II site does not bind [3H]estradiol in the presence of reducing agent, type I sites can be easily quantitated by incubating nuclei (37 C for 30 min) in Tris-EDTA buffer containing 0.1–1.00 mM dithiothreitol using a single saturating concentration of [3H]estradiol. Conversely, a singl...
THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF LEGAL SEGREGATION: JIM CROW AND RACIAL EMPLOYMENT PATTERNS

Legal segregation was a fact of life for blacks in the American South during the first half of the present century. These laws are sometimes compared to South African apartheid. However, there seems to be one important difference: Jim Crow, unlike apartheid, did not directly hamper the ability of blacks to compete with whites in labor markets. Our paper explores this problem. We report evidence which suggests that, in spite of the absence of direct labor market restrictions confronting blacks subject to Jim Crow, these laws nevertheless reduced the ability of blacks to compete with whites for jobs.
Extending the value of police crash reports for traffic safety research: collecting supplemental data via surveys of drivers

Background Police crash reports have been used to advance motor vehicle safety research, though their value is limited by their focus on the crash event rather than outcomes of the crash. Objective To develop and evaluate the effect of enhanced recruitment methods, including a monetary incentive, on response rates of drivers identified on police reports in a national MVC surveillance system. Methods The National Automotive Sampling System-General Estimates System (NASS-GES) was used to identify passenger vehicle crashes between 1 July and 30 October 2012 involving drivers ≥16 years old with at least one child occupant ≤17 years old. We collected data from the driver via self-administered hardcopy or interviewer-administered telephone surveys. Within each survey mode, half the drivers were randomly assigned to receive a small monetary incentive. Response rates were calculated overall, and by mode of survey administration and incentive condition. Results 495 drivers were eligible, and 127 completed the survey, yielding an overall response rate of 25.7% (95% CI 21.8% to 29.5%). The response rate across the two modes was higher for those who received an incentive than for those who did not (35.6% vs 15.7%, p Conclusions The NASS-GES provides a surveillance system from which cases of interest can be identified and supplemental data collected via surveys of drivers identified on police reports. We adapted procedures commonly used in public health surveillance systems, including monetary incentives and branded recruitment materials, to improve driver response rates.
The Inheritance of Shank Color in a Jungle Fowl—Silver Cornish Cross

Abstract POULTRY producers have learned that poultry buyers in the U.S.A. prefer chickens with butter-colored skin and shanks. Yellow skinned chickens usually have yellow shanks. Since the color of the shanks is more obvious than the color of the skin of live birds, it is used as an index. Chickens with dark shanks are usually discounted in price at live markets. SHANK AND SKIN COLOR HEREDITARY Poultry breeders know that the colors of the shanks and skin of chickens are hereditary. One color at least (yellow) can be influenced decidedly by the feed a chicken eats. Chickens that are inherently yellow skinned will remain so, only when maintained on normal feeds containing a pigment know as xanthophyll. This pigment is commonly found in green grass or yellow corn. The absence of this pigment in the ration, or its diversion to yolks of eggs in laying hens, results in a bleaching effect…
Transitional Justice and the Consultative Group: Facing the Past or Forcing the Future?

In January 2009 the Consultative Group on the Past released its report of recommendations for Northern Ireland to address its legacy of conflict. The two main recommendations were the Legacy Commission, designed to investigate and uncover information on some of the most high-profile incidents of the Troubles, and the recommendation that families of those who lost their lives to sectarian violence be awarded a recognition payment of £12,000. The proposals, especially the payment, created a firestorm of controversy and much acrimony. This paper examines whether the role of procedural justice can help to determine why the efforts of the Consultative Group have generated such controversy and whether this latest attempt to address transitional justice in Northern Ireland has any chance of success.
Treatment options for primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis

Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) are chronic cholestatic liver diseases that affect 0.5 to 40 per 100,000 and 1 to 6 per 100,000 Americans, respectively. Prompt recognition and management of the clinical manifestations of these diseases is essential for the patients’ well-being and ultimate outcome. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), 13 to 15 mg/kg per day, is the standard therapy for PBC and should be offered to every patient. It has been shown to slow progression of the disease and prevent the need for liver transplantation, which is the last recourse for patients with end-stage disease. However, there is no effective therapy for PSC yet. Patients are managed symptomatically, with surgical or endoscopic interventions as needed in cases of significant biliary obstruction. Complications of chronic cholestasis are seen in both PBC and PSC, with pruritus and fatigue being the most common complaints. The first choice for the treatment of pruritus is still cholestyramine, starting at 4 g/d. The pathogenesis of fatigue is poorly understood in this population; unrecognized hypothyroidism should be excluded. The use of antidepressants is currently under evaluation, but there is no specific therapy for fatigue as of yet. For prevention of severe osteoporosis, we recommend supplementation with 800 IU vitamin D and 1500 mg calcium/d. In patients with PBC and established osteoporosis, the use of alendronate and vitamin K appears to cause an increase in bone mineral density. Further studies are necessary before either of these drugs is routinely recommended. Finally, fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies are noted with more advanced disease. We recommend that serum levels be checked in high-risk patients, and that vitamins are replaced as appropriate with water-soluble supplements. However, other causes of malabsorption must be ruled out, including pancreatic insufficiency and celiac sprue.
Replacement techniques for improving performance in sub-block caches

Recent advances in processor architecture have led to the introduction of sub-blocking to cache architectures. Sub-blocking reduces the tag area and power overhead in caches without reducing the effective cache size, by using fewer tags to index the full data RAM array. But they suffer from performance degradation due to cache pollution. We propose intelligent subblock cache replacement policies that use the valid state of individual sub-blocks in replacement decisions at the super-block level. Performance evaluations using Simplescalar toolset show improvement of up to 4.17% in SPEC2006 benchmarks.
Skirting the oxo-wall: characterization and catalytic reactivity of binuclear Co2+/3+ 1,2-bis(2-hydroxybenzamido)benzene complexes with comparison to their isostructural Fe2+/3+ analogs. Implications of d-electron count on oxygen atom transfer catalysis

Abstract The reaction of Co2+(N-MeIm)2(Cl)2 (1), with Li2H2Hbab (H4Hbab=1,2-bis(2-hydroxybenzamido)benzene) affords the binuclear complex [Co2 2+(H2Hbab)2(N-MeIm)2] (2). Single crystal X-ray crystallography shows that the two Co2+ centers in 2 are related by a crystallographically imposed center of symmetry with the coordination sphere around each metal center composed of amide oxygens, terminal and bridging phenolate oxygen atoms and a single nitrogen from N-methylimidazole. 2 is isostructural to the Fe2+ complex, [Fe2(H2Hbab)2(N-MeIm)2] (5), previously reported from our laboratory (A. Stassinopoulos, G. Schulte, G.C. Papaefthymiou, J.P. Caradonna, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 113 (1991) 8686–8697). Stoichiometric iodometric oxidation of 2 yields the mixed valence complex [Co2+Co3+(H2Hbab)2(N-MeIm)2]+ (3), and the oxidized complex [Co2 3+(H2Hbab)2(N-MeIm)2]2+ (4). The UV–Vis spectrum of 2 shows ligand field transitions at 600 nm (eM=160) and 540 nm (eM=120) and a phenolate-to-Co2+ ligand-to-metal charge-transfer (LMCT) band at 327 nm (eM=23 600). Oxidation of the dicobalt core results in a bathchromic shift of the LMCT band (3: 305 nm (eM=17 400), 334 nm (sh, eM=14 500); 4: 295 nm (eM=21 000), 357 nm (eM=15 000)). EPR spectra of 2 and 3 at 4 K show broad resonances from 500 to 4500 Gauss indicative of the presence of strong zero-field splitting effects, while 4 is EPR silent. Solution magnetic susceptibility measurements for 2 (S1=S2=3/2; μB=6.90) are consistent with a weakly interacting high-spin Co2+ dimer. Analogous measurements for 3 (S1=3/2, S2=0; μB=4.78) and 4 (S1=S2=0; μB=0.25) indicate the presence of a single high-spin Co2+ for 3 and a diamagnetic core for 4, consistent with the latter’s 1H NMR spectrum. Complexes 2–4 exhibit the ability to catalytically oxidize a variety of organic substrates (olefins, sulfides) using iodosylbenzene (OIPh) as oxygen atom donor. Reactions with olefin substrates (norbornene, cyclooctene, styrene) yield solely epoxide products while cyclohexene afforded 85% epoxide with small amounts (15%) of allylic oxidation products. Oxygen atom transfer to olefins occurs with high but not exclusive retention of stereochemistry. The mechanistic implications of the significantly different product distributions obtained with the Co2+ (d7) dimer, 2, versus the isostructural Fe2+ (d6) dimer, 5 (A. Stassinopoulos, J.P. Caradonna, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112 (1990) 7071–7073), are presented. These data strongly infer the operation of two independent mechanisms for the Co2+ and Fe2+ catalyzed reactions.
Assessment of Interaction of Crash Occurrence, Mountainous Freeway Geometry, Real-Time Weather, and Traffic Data

This study investigated the effect of the interaction between roadway geometric features and real-time weather and traffic data on the occurrence of crashes on a mountainous freeway. The Bayesian logistic regression technique was used to link a total of 301 crash occurrences on I-70 in Colorado with the space mean speed collected in real time from an automatic vehicle identification (AVI) system and real-time weather and roadway geometry data. The results suggested that the inclusion of roadway geometrics and real-time weather with data from an AVI system in the context of active traffic management systems was essential, in particular with roadway sections characterized by mountainous terrain and adverse weather. The modeling results showed that the geometric factors were significant in the dry and the snowy seasons and that the likelihood of a crash could double during the snowy season because of the interaction between the pavement condition and steep grades. The 6-min average speed at the crash segment...
Turbulent boundary layers with negligible wall stress: A singular-perturbation theory

Abstract A singular-perturbation theory of turbulent boundary layers with negligible wall stress is developed. In the limit as the Reynolds number approaches infinity, viscous effects become negligible in the first-order description of these boundary layers. A single-layer model thus is adequate to first-order. It is found that Cole's wake function, W ( y / δ ), corresponds to the first-order velocity profile. The second-order theory is based on a two-layer model. The second-order inner layer employs Tennekes' viscosity-pressure velocity u s , as the velocity scale and v / u s as the length scale. The second-order outer layer is a velocity-defect layer, which utilizes u s as the velocity scale and δ as the length scale. The second-order theory leads to a second-order ‘friction’ law and to a second-order correction to the asymptotic distribution of pressure and boundary-layer thickness. A comparison between Stratford's experimental data and the results of the theory indicates a satisfactory agreement.
Naphthalene-utilizing and mercury-resistant bacteria isolated from an acidic environment.

Soil samples were taken from areas of low pH (2.5–3.5) surrounding an outdoor coal storage pile. These samples were added to medium with naphthalene as the sole carbon source to enrich for organisms capable of degrading polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) at low pH. Five such bacterial strains were isolated. Sequencing of the 16S rDNA showed them to be members of the genera Clavibacter, Arthrobacter and Acidocella. These organisms were all capable of growth with naphthalene as a sole carbon source at low pH. The genes nahAc, nahAd, phnAc, nahH, xylE or GST, which are known to be associated with PAH degradation were not detected. Isolate 10, the Acidocella strain, tolerated high levels of mercury. PCR amplification and sequencing of genes from the mer operon from isolate 10 DNA suggested that mercury is transported into the bacterial cell and subsequently detoxified since the enzymes encoded by genes in this operon are involved in these processes.
Liftings of holomorphic maps into Teichmüller spaces

We study liftings of holomorphic maps into some Teichmuller spaces. We also study the relationship between universal holomorphic motions and holomorphic lifts into Teichmuller spaces of closed sets in the Riemann sphere.
Tumor suppressor genes: a new era for molecular genetic studies of cancer

Previous emphasis in cancer research has been placed on genes in which activating mutations are found in experimental systems and sometimes in human tumors, and many of these genes are the cellular homologs of retroviral oncogenes. Studies of genes whose functions are necessary for maintenance of the normal cellular state, but for which loss-of-function mutations lead to tumor development, are limited. The latter genes have been variously termed 'tumor suppressor genes', 'recessive oncogenes', and 'anti-oncogenes', and each term defines a specific aspect of their properties and may not always be applicable. The retinoblastoma (RB) gene is the first such gene to be identified, and was isolated based on its chromosome localization and on the recessive nature of the tumor phenotype. That is, both wild type RB alleles must be inactivated in a single cell for neoplastic transformation to occur, and deletions at the chromosomal locus now known to contain RB are often found in retinoblastoma cells. Candidate genes for Wilms' tumor and neurofibromatosis type I have also been identified recently, and loss of function of these genes seems to be indicated for these diseases. Allelic loss of chromosome 17p13 is frequently observed in many tumor types. The p53 gene was mapped to this chromosomal region and has been shown to be a tumor suppressor gene, and germ-line mutations of p53 recently were found to be correlated with Li-Fraumeni syndrome, a syndrome characterized by multiple neoplasms. Rapid progress in studies of tumor suppressor genes points to diverse mechanisms for their functioning in the negative regulation of cell growth. A scenario depicting cell growth control by positive and negative regulators, based on new and emerging findings, is the main focus of this review.
State and regional prevalence of sleep disturbance and daytime fatigue.

Study Objectives:Social and demographic influences are important for sleep attainment. Geographic location has not been previously explored.Methods:Data from the 2006 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveil...
The undesired selves of repressors

People with a repressive coping style are highly motivated to defend themselves against self-concept threats. But what kinds of unfavourable personal characteristics are they most focused on avoiding? Weinberger (1990) suggested that repressors are primarily concerned with seeing themselves (and having others see them) as calm, unemotional people who are not prone to experiencing negative affect. A content analysis of the actual (self-ascribed) and undesired attributes of 349 male and female college students, however, provided no support for that hypothesis. Instead, relative to other participants, repressors’ undesired selves consisted more of traits exemplifying disagreeableness (as defined by the five-factor model). Repressors might not engage in affective self-regulation for its own sake, but because it allows them to control expression of traits with which they are more directly concerned.
Economic evaluation of commodity price forecasting models

Abstract Price forecasts are typically evaluated on the basis of statistical criteria, such as mean error, mean absolute error, or root mean squared error. An alternative approach for evaluating price forecasts is to analyze them using economic criteria. Four types of economic criteria are applied to five quarterly hog price forecasting models over the period 1976:I–1985:IV. In general, model evaluations under the different economic criteria are consistent with one another. However, the economic evaluations are not consistent with those found using traditional statistical evaluation.
Comparative effects of captopril and isosorbide dinitrate on pulmonary arteriolar resistance and right ventricular function in patients with severe left ventricular failure: results of a randomized crossover study.

Abstract We compared the short-term hemodynamic effects of isosorbide dinitrate (40 mg orally) and captopril (25 mg orally) in 18 patients with severe chronic heart failure in a randomized, crossover study conducted on consecutive days. Captopril and isosorbide dinitrate produced similar decreases in systemic vascular resistance, but whereas nitrate therapy decreased pulmonary arteriolar resistance significantly, captopril did not; the difference between the two drugs was highly significant (−25% vs −5%, p p 2 ) ( p p
Effect of Eucommia ulmoides on Systolic Blood Pressure in the Spontaneous Hypertensive Rat

Experiments were conducted to establish the safety and efficacy of Eucommia ulmoides (Du-Zhong) extract in the treatment of hypertension. Pilot experiments using rats demonstrated that E. ulmoides extract was safe to the saturation limits of the compound. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was 1200 mg/kg when administered by gastric gavage at a concentration of 1200 mg/ml. Also, rats given 200 mg/kg, 600 mg/kg or 1200 mg/kg doses of E. ulmoides extract daily for 28 days demonstrated no evidence of acute toxicity as determined by clinical appearance, histopathology and serum chemistry evaluation. Lastly, spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHRs) were administered E. ulmoides extract daily for 22 days. Systolic blood pressure (BP) was measured on treatment days 1, 8, 15 and 22 at 0, 1, 2 and 3 hours post-treatment. Beginning on day 8, E. ulmoides extract administered at the mid or high dosages lowered BP in male, but not female, rats. BP declined at a rate of approximately 10 mmHg per hour. The mid dosage of 600 mg/kg was found to be the minimum effective dose. In conclusion, E. ulmoides extract was non-toxic and effective in reducing systolic BP in the SHR.
SU‐FF‐J‐41: Clinical Management of Detected Target Deviations in IGRT: A Geometrical Approach

Purpose: To investigate an efficient method for assessing the impact of target deviations detected by daily image‐guidance on planning volumes. We hypothesize that, using this method, on‐line daily correction may not be warranted. Method and Materials: Geometrical surfacemodels of the CTV and PTV were generated from the respective planning volumes via a surface reconstruction algorithm. Given a set of target deviations, represented by 6‐degree positioning shifts (translation, pitch, roll, yaw) from IGRT systems (e.g. Varian's OBI/CBCT), collision detection was performed to find geometric distance between CTV and PTV surfacemodels when the shifts are applied to the CTV. Since the method is based on shifts, which do not incorporate intra‐fraction motion, a criterion was defined such that on‐line shifts are not applied if the CTV and PTV surfaces are greater than a distance defined by a population‐based margin for intra‐fraction motion. Results: A software module was developed to: import IMRT plans, generate surfacemodels, communicate with the IGRT system, and calculate CTV/PTV spatial geometric distances. Surfacemodel generation is performed off‐line. Collision detection between CTV and PTV surfacemodels from daily shifts is done on‐line within minutes on a desktop PC. In the examples shown, “collisions” are defined by minimum distances of 3 mm in any direction (intrafraction motion margin) between the CTV and PTV. If a collision is detected, an on‐line shift is applied; otherwise the treatment proceeds as planned. Conclusions: The proposed method represents a quick and quantitative way to manage target deviations determined during image‐guidance, without the need to apply on‐line corrections. The approach is not limited to target analysis, but may also include normal tissues, such as the bladder and rectum. Adaptive and on‐line treatment planning studies are under way to determine the validity of the hypothesis, and to improve the collision detection criteria.
Taxonomy and the Music of Failure

Making parenthood the central, organizing category forces us to examine what we are actually doing and to look at the categories by and under which we (largely Western, predominantly white, professional-class people who style ourselves anthropologists) are operating. Examining my "failures' in the field through that perspective, I am led to consider the taxonomy of everyday life (for example, such distinctions as personal professional or home-career), the ways in which we have defined the field of anthropology —often forgetting that the field is not the whole field—and the poetry proper to both.
Antagonism of the hypothermic effect of clozapine in mice by centrally-active α2-adrenergic antagonists and α1-adrenergic agonists

Hypothermia induced by either clozapine or clonidine in mice was blocked by the α2-adrenergic antagonists yohimbine, idazoxan, CH-38083, SKF 86466, and L-657,743. These effects were dose related, and the ID50 values for inhibition of clozapine- or clonidine-induced hypothermia were fairly comparable. The order of potency for blocking clonidine-induced hypothermia was: L-657,743>CH-38083>yohimbine>idazoxan>SKF 86466. A very similar blockade hierarchy for clozapine-induced hypothermia was observed, with the order of the two most effective compounds being reversed. Hypothermia induced by either compound was not blocked by the peripherally-acting, selective α2-adrenergic antagonist, L-659,066, indicating that blockade by the other compounds occurred centrally. The centrally-acting, α1-adrenergic agonists St 587, cirazoline, and SKF 89748 were very effective in blocking the response to clozapine, but ineffective in antagonizing clonidine-induced hypothermia. The ED50 values for the blockade of this response to clozapine, however, did not correlate with their reported potencies in stimulating either peripheral or central α1-adrenergic receptors. This indicates that clozapine-induced hypothermia in mice is not a suitable model for evaluating the properties of central α1-adrenergic compounds. Moreover, since the clonidine-induced hypothermia is not influenced by α1-adrenergic agonists, this paradigm is preferable to clozapine-induced hypothermia in the assessment of α2-adrenergic antagonism. The ability of α2-adrenergic antagonists to block clozapine-induced hypothermia may result from the central overflow of norepinephrine, which is known to be brought about by this group of compounds. The neurochemical mechanism responsible for the anti-clozapine effect of the α1-adrenergic agonists in mice is not clear. An as yet unknown property of these compounds, unrelated to α1-agonism, may have to be considered. An interaction of these compounds at the high-affinity clozapine binding site is a possibility. Discovery of antagonists to clozapine may help to elucidate the mechanism of action of this atypical neuroleptic.
Far-Infrared Faraday Rotation Measurement Of ZT-40 Poloidal Magnetic Field

An experiment is in progress to measure the poloidal magnetic in ZT-40 (a toroidal reversed-field z-pinch) using far-infrared Faraday rotation at the CH2F2 184.6 micron wavelength.© (1981) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
A new Acisanthera (Melastomataceae: Melastomeae) from Noel Kempff Mercado National Park, Bolivia

Acisanthera leptalea, a new species known only from Noel Kempff Mercado National Park, Bolivia, is described, illustrated, and compared with its presumed closest relatives,A. hedyotidea andA. tetramera, and five other species known from Bolivia. It is assigned to sectionDicrananthera which now comprises three species characterized by sessile or subsessile leaves, 4-merous solitary flowers, and bilocular ovaries.