cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
3D microstructural characterization and mechanical properties of constituent particles in Al 7075 alloys using X-ray synchrotron tomography and nanoindentation

Abstract Inclusions (constituent particles) in Al 7075 alloys can be classified as Fe-bearing and Si-bearing inclusions. They play important roles in the deformation behavior, particular under fatigue loading. Thus, in order to understand the deformation behavior under fatigue loading of Al 7075 alloys, it is important to investigate the size and distribution of these inclusions and porosity in the material, along with their mechanical properties. X-ray synchrotron tomography was used to obtain the 3D microstructure of these microconstituents in Al 7075 alloy. Quantitative analysis in terms of volume, size, and morphology of inclusions and porosity was performed. The mechanical properties of these constituent particles along with the matrix were obtained using nanoindentation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and EDS was used to analyze the indentations after testing. The Young’s modulus and hardness of all inclusions were higher than the matrix. The Young’s modulus values of Al 7 Cu 2 Fe, Al 23 Fe 4 Cu, and Mg 2 Si were measured to be 160.2 ± 10.9, 139.5 ± 3.7, and 94.8 ± 7.5 GPa respectively. Values of hardness of Al 7 Cu 2 Fe, Al 23 Fe 4 Cu, and Mg 2 Si were 8.8 ± 0.9, 7.5 ± 0.8, and 5.2 ± 0.5 GPa respectively. Comparison of these values with nanoindentation data in the literature was also conducted.
Comparative effects of ionic and nonionic contrast materials on indexes of isovolumic contraction and relaxation in humans.

The effects of contrast media on left ventricular (LV) relaxation as assessed by the time constant of iso-volumic relaxation have not previously been studied. A new nonionic contrast agent (iohexol) has been shown to have fewer deleterious effects than standard ionic agents. Nineteen patients received iohexol and sodium meglumine diatrizoate (Renografin-76®) in a double-blind, crossover study during left and right coronary arteriography and with simultaneous high-fidelity micromanometer measurements of LV pressure. Neither agent induced significant changes in LV end-diastolic pressure after right or left coronary arteriography. After right coronary arteriography, neither agent produced significant deterioration of peak positive dPdt or (dPdt)DP40 (dPdt at a developed pressure of 40 mm Hg). However, after right coronary arteriography both agents caused a transient deterioration in peak negative dPdt and the time constant of isovolumic relaxation (p < 0.05 at 20 seconds after arteriography). After left coronary arteriography, sodium meglumine diatrizoate induced deterioration of systemic blood pressure (p < 0.05), peak positive dPdt (p < 0.01), (dPdt)DP40 (p < 0.05), peak negative dPdt (p < 0.01) and the relaxation time constant (p < 0.01). These effects were not induced by iohexol. Thus, nonionic contrast media exert negligible alterations on LV function when used for coronary arteriography. The findings are of potential clinical importance in view of the large number of patients with depressed LV function who undergo coronary arteriography.
Choosing the West? Referendum choices on EU membership in east-central Europe

This study examines the determinants of mass preferences for membership in the European Union among citizens in applicant states of Central and Eastern Europe. We hypothesize that citizens in these countries evaluate prospective membership in the EU on the basis of collective and individual cost-benefit calculi. Moreover, we posit that attitudes toward EU membership reflect people’s underlying political predispositions, such as support for political parties, the political and economic transition, as well as ties with the West. Using data collected in six East European states in 1996, we find that citizens who think they or their country will benefit from EU membership are more likely to say they would vote for it in a referendum. Moreover, citizens who support the free market economy and express positive views about ties with other countries are more supportive of EU membership. However, in contrast to expectations, support for membership in the EU is not a clear-cut preference in favor of the West and for what it stands. Instead, preferences for membership are based on a mix of utilitarian considerations and an internationalist outlook.
Smoothness of the velocity field and three-dimensional surface detection from optic flow

Five experiments were conducted to determine the importance of smoothness of the velocity field in detecting 3-D surfaces from optic flow. Subjects were presented with optic flow displays simulating either points positioned on a corrugated 3-D surface or points randomly positioned within a 3-D volume. The subject’s task was to indicate whether or not the display appeared to be a 3-D surface. Smoothness of the velocity field was examined by systematically varying the speed of individual velocities in the flow field according to a Gaussian distribution withM = 0 andSD = σ. Variations in frequency, amplitude, density, and surface complexity were also examined. Detection of the corrugated surfaces systematically declined with an increase in σ. An increase in frequency of the corrugation for simple (single-frequency corrugation) surfaces resulted in a decrease in surface detection accuracy. Accuracy increased with an increase in density and amplitude for both simple and complex (multiplefrequency corrugation) surfaces. An analysis of the deformation of the displays predicted performance on the basis of human observers, providing further support for the importance of deformation for 3-D surface detection.
A fast and well-structured multiplier

The performance of multiplication is crucial for multimedia applications such as 3D graphics and signal processing systems which depend on extensive numbers of multiplications. Previously reported multiplication algorithms mainly focus on rapidly reducing the partial products rows down to final sums and carries used for the final accumulation. These techniques mostly rely on circuit optimization and minimization of the critical paths. In this paper, an algorithm to achieve fast multiplication in two's complement representation is presented. Indeed, our approach focuses on reducing the number of partial product rows. In turn, this directly influences the speed of the multiplication, even before applying partial products reduction techniques. Fewer partial products rows are produced, thereby lowering the overall operation time. This results in a true diamond-shape for the partial product tree which is more efficient in terms of implementation.
FREEDOM AND DETERMINISM: A CONTEMPORARY DISCUSSION

Abstract. The problem of freedom of the will and determinism is one of the most intriguing and difficult in the whole area of philosophy. It constuutes a paradox. If we look at ourselves, at our ability to deliberate and make moral choices, it seems obvious that we are free. On the other hand, if we look at what we believe about causality (i.e., that every event and thing must have a cause), then it appears that we do not have free wills but are determined. Thus we seem to have inconsistent beliefs. In this paper I set forth and analyze the major contemporary arguments for free will and determinism as well as for compatibilism, the position that tries to combine insights from both theories. I end with a brief conclusion regarding my assessment of the status of the arguments.
Radiolytic and photolytic production and decay of radicals in adamantane and solutions of 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrothiophene, and tetrahydrothiophene in adamantane. Conformation equilibrium of the 2-methyltetrahydrothiophene radical

The radicals produced by ..gamma.. radiolysis of adamantane and adamantane containing 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (MTHF), 2-methyltetrahydrothiophene (MTHT), and tetrahydrothiophene (THT) have been investigated for the purpose of obtaining a better understanding of radical reactions in the adamantane matrix and of clarifying the identity of the radical formed by ..gamma.. irradiation of pure glassy MTHF. Thermal and photochemical changes in the identity of the radicals produced by ..gamma.. irradiation of pure adamantane can be induced at 77/sup 0/K. If solutes are present, the adamantyl radicals formed at 77/sup 0/K are quantitatively replaced by solute radicals on warming, apparently as a result of diffusion of solute molecules to the adamantyl radical centers followed by abstraction of an H atom. For the solutes MTHF, MTHT, and THT, the radicals form only by H abstraction from carbon atoms adjacent to the heteroatom. MTHT forms only the secondary ..cap alpha.. radical; MTHF forms both the secondary and tertiary ..cap alpha.. radicals. MTHT radicals in adamantane decay by second-order kinetics with a rate constant of approximately 0.17 M/sup -1/ s/sup -1/ at 295/sup 0/K. The tertiary and secondary MTHF radicals decay by first-order kinetics with half-lives of approximately 1.5 and 3.4 min, respectively, at approximately 245/sup 0/K, accompaniedmore » by growth of new radicals. The evidence suggests a unimolecular ring opening followed by H atom abstraction from the matrix. Reversible changes in the ESR spectrum of the MTHT radical in adamantane indicate that the axial methyl conformation is favored relative to the equatorial at 77/sup 0/K, and that the enthalpy and entropy differences for the two conformations are 1.7 kcal mol/sup -1/ and --4.2 cal deg/sup -1/, respectively. Analyses of the ESR spectra of the MTHF radicals in adamantane as a function of temperature indicate that the ESR spectrum of the matrix radical in ..gamma..-irradiated glassy MTHF is attributable to the tertiary ..cap alpha.. radical.« less
31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of lipopolysaccharides from Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Intact lipopolysaccharide antigens isolated from seven different immunotypes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa have been examined by 31P-NMR spectroscopy. These macromolecular complexes contain phosphorus covalently attached to the carbohydrate residues present in the lipid A moiety and the ‘core’ oligosaccharide region. The spectral signals for various ortho- and pyro-phosphoric esters were observed. All phosphate groups appeared to be mono-esterified. Certain shifts characteristic for phosphate diester groups, observed in lipopolysaccharide complexes from other Gram-negative bacteria, were absent. Furthermore, no evidence was found to indicate that phosphate groups are involved in the covalent linkage of individual lipopolysaccharide complexes to form dimers or trimers.
Female urethral diverticula

Since female urethral diverticulum was first described by Hey in 1805,’ the number of reported diverticula has increased. The frequency of diagnosis of this entity is directly related to the index of suspicion exhibited by the physician who is evaluating women with lower urinary tract complaints. Between 1894 and 1954, 17 cases were reported, while there were 50 cases reported between 1954 and 1955.2 The true incidence of female urethral diverticulum is unknown, Anderson3 reported a 3 per cent incidence in 300 asymptomatic women diagnosed utilizing positive pressure urethrography (PPU) . When evaluating 40 women with persistent lower urinary tract symptoms (all of whom had a normal intravenous pyelogram and cystoscopic evaluation), Stewart, Bretland, and Stidolph4 found urethral diverticula in 16 (40 % ) , utilizing PPU. Female urethral diverticula are usually diagnosed in the third through fifth decades, although they have been reported in neonates5 and young females.6 Davis and Robinson,’ and Benjamin et aE. * have reported a higher incidence of diverticula in blacks versus Caucasians, with diverticula two to six times more common in blacks. The following factors have been reported as possible risk factors for the development of female urethral diverticula: gonococcal urethritis,Q previous periurethral surgery, urethral instrumentation, and traumatic vaginal delivery.
Proof of the Erdős–Faudree Conjecture on Quadrilaterals

In this paper, we prove the Erdős–Faudree’s conjecture: If G is a graph of order 4k and the minimum degree of G is at least 2k then G contains k disjoint cycles of length 4.
Thin-layer chromatography of substituted benzaldehyde 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones.

Abstract Benzaldehyde 2.4-DNPH and 19 mono-sbustituted benzaldehyde 2,4-DNPH's have been chromatographed by thin-layer techniques. Conditions are reported for the separation of ten of the substituted compounds from binary mixtures with benzaldehyde 2,4-DNPH. Comparisons are reported of Eastman Chromagram precoated sheets with glass plates and of Desaga tanks with Chromagram sandwiches.
Doping dependence of the low-temperature photoconductivity in hydrogenated amorphous silicon

Abstract The effect of doping on the steady-state photoconductivity σp of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) down to temperatures of 4·2 K has been studied. Phosphorus doping up to 10−2 PH3/SiH4 does not essentially change σp/eG, the photoconductivity normalized by the photocharge generation rate eG either at low T where σp/eG is constant, or between 30K < T < 50K where it rises with T. Boron doping on the other hand causes σp/eG at low T to decrease significantly and to rise with T at a higher temperature. This effect of boron doping is not related to the defect density or to the sign of the charge carriers. We tentatively attribute this effect to a heterogeneous morphology that is associated with boron doping.
Prosthetic Joint Infections

Prosthetic joint infections represent a major therapeutic challenge for both healthcare providers and patients. This article reviews the predisposing factors, pathogenesis, microbiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prophylaxis of prosthetic joint infection. The most optimal management strategy should be identified on the basis of a number of considerations, including type and duration of infection, antimicrobial susceptibility of the infecting pathogen, condition of infected tissues and bone stock, patient wishes, and functional status.
Designing Mark–Recapture Studies to Reduce Effects of Distance Weighting on Movement Distance Distributions of Stream Fishes

Abstract Mark–recapture studies generate biased, or distance-weighted, movement data because short distances are sampled more frequently than long distances. Using models and field data, we determined how study design affects distance weighting and the movement distributions of stream fishes. We first modeled distance weighting as a function of recapture section length in an unbranching stream. The addition of an unsampled tributary to one of these models substantially increased distance weighting by decreasing the percentage of upstream distances that were sampled. Similarly, the presence of multiple tributaries in the field study resulted in severe bias. However, increasing recapture section length strongly affected distance weighting in both the model and the field study, producing a zone where the number of fish moving could be estimated with little bias. Subsampled data from the field study indicated that longer median (three of three species) and maximum distances (two of three species) can be detec...
A large N standard model

Abstract An extension of the standard model, where the usual scalar doublet is replaced by a dimension 2N + 1 multiplet, is studied in the limit of large N. We determine the physical mass of the Higgs and the S, T and U parameters to leading order in this limit. We also consider the scattering of scalar particles and argue that it leads to an attractive interaction between scalars whose charge difference is O(N).
Prevalence of eating disorders among Blacks in the National Survey of American Life.

Objective: To provide information on the characteristics of eating disorders based on nationally representative samples of African American and Caribbean Black adults and adolescents. Method: Conducted between 2001 and 2003 the National Survey of American Life (NSAL) interviewed adults (n = 5,191) and adolescents (n = 1,170) in their homes. Professionally trained interviewers used the WMH Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WMH-CIDI-WHO Organization 2004-modified) to assess DSM-IV TR eating disorders. Results: Anorexia was the rarest eating disorder among African American adults and adolescents, with age of onset for adults in mid adolescence. No 12-month case of anorexia was found among Caribbean Black adults. Binge eating was the most prevalent eating disorder among adults and adolescents. Persistence of disorders was lowest for anorexia and highest for binge eating disorder among adults. Conclusion: Prevalence of eating disorders within the U.S. Black population varies by type of disorder, age cohort, gender, and ethnic group among adults, and by type of disorder among adolescents. Clinicians need preparation and training to recognize and treat eating disorders in ethnically-diverse patient populations. Int J Eat Disord 2007 © 2007 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Differential effect of amyloid beta on the cytochrome P450 epoxygenase activity in rat brain

One of the prominent features of Alzheimer's disease is the excessive accumulation of the protein amyloid beta (Aβ) in certain areas of the brain leading to neurodegeneration. Aβ is cytotoxic and disrupts several cytoprotective pathways. Recent literature has demonstrated that certain cytochrome P450 (CYP) products are neuroprotective, including epoxide metabolites of arachidonic acid (AA), epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs). The action of Aβ with respect to regionally produced EETs in the brain has yet to be defined. Epoxygenases metabolize AA into four regioisomers of EETs (14,15-, 11,12-, 8,9- and 5,6-EET). EETs are rapidly degraded into dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DiHETEs) by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH). To determine the effect of Aβ on the epoxygenase activity in different regions of the brain, microsomes were prepared from the cerebrum and cerebellum of adult Sprague-Dawley rats and incubated with 1 and 10 μM Aβ for 30 min after which epoxygenase activity assay was performed. Mass spectrometry indicated that incubation with Aβ reduced 14,15-EET production by 30% as compared to vehicle in the cerebrum, but not in the cerebellum. When we separated the cerebrum into cortex and hippocampus, significant decrease in the production of total EETs and DiHETEs were seen in presence of Aβ (81% and 74%) in the cortex. Moreover, 11,12-EET production was decreased to ∼70% of vehicle in both cortex and hippocampus. Epoxygenase activity in the cultured astrocytes and neurons also showed reduction in total EET and DiHETE production (to 80% and ∼70% of vehicle respectively) in presence of Aβ. Altogether, our data suggest that Aβ reduces epoxygenase activity differentially in a region-specific and cell-specific manner. The reduction of cytoprotective EETs by Aβ in the cerebrum may make it more prone to degeneration than the cerebellum. Further understanding of these interactions will improve our ability to protect against the pathology of Alzheimer's disease.
Rapid protocol changes in a regional emergency medical services system: Do providers comply?

Study objectives: Emergency medical services (EMS) directors are often forced to rapidly make protocol changes in response to events in an EMS system. These changes are expected to have an immediate impact on patient care. Success depends on the speed at which the protocol is adopted, its continued use rate, and the rate at which providers stop using the protocol as a defined end date approaches. No study has attempted to characterize compliance with rapid protocol changes. We characterize compliance by EMS providers when a 1-month protocol is introduced and then terminated. Methods: This is a descriptive study. To reduce individual emergency department crowding, a protocol instructing EMS providers to contact an EMS medical control staffed by attending EMS physicians was introduced into a regional EMS system. Providers were instructed to call for all patients inbound to a 2-hospital system to receive destination instructions. A high compliance would allow medical control to triage patients to the most appropriate hospital after consideration of patient needs, resource availability, and waiting times. Medical control physicians logged all calls prospectively. Registration records were reviewed to determine the total number of patients arriving by EMS. Compliance was defined as the daily percentage of EMS patients being called in to medical control. The protocol functioned for 31 days and was terminated on short notice. Results: Compliance rose from 56% on day 1 to 88% by day 4. Day 5 through day 30 compliance ranged from 59% to 93% (mean 72%). On the final day of the protocol's operation, after an announcement the previous day of its termination, compliance decreased from 68% to 39%. Conclusion: EMS providers will rapidly adopt and continue to comply with a protocol. Announcement of protocol termination causes an immediate drop in compliance even before a defined termination date. Medical directors should consider these factors when considering the results of the introduction of a protocol into an EMS system.
The adsorption of oxygen on Pd1/W(110)

The behavior of oxygen on Pd1/W(110) has been investigated from 25 to 200 K by thermal desorption, UPS, XPS, and work function measurements. At 25 K only dioxygen species are present. A weakly bound O2 layer, containing O2Pd = 0.31 or 4.4 × 1014O2 molecules/cm2 is desorbed at 35 K, leaving a coverage of O2Pd = 0.35 or 5 × 1014O2 molecules/cm2. Heating to 200 K results in desorption of molecular O2 as well as conversion to O, with O/Pd = 0.3. The molecular states, except the very weakly bound one, have high dipole moments with electron transfer to O2, and thus correspond to Superoxide and peroxide species. These have UPS spectra quite different from physisorbed O2. At 90 K adsorption is still mostly molecular with a sticking coefficient s near unity. At 200 K, adsorption is atomic with an initial s0 = 0.8. This must be contrasted with Cu1/W(110) where s0 is unity even at 300 K. The difference can be explained by the much better size match of Pd and W, than Cu and W which makes it easier for Cu to take up momentum of impinging O2 molecules. The behavior of oxygen on Pd1/W(110) is very similar to that on bulk Pd(111), suggesting that for oxygen the former surface resembles bulk Pd. This is not so for CO adsorption which is much weaker on Pd1/W(110) than on bulk Pd. The reasons for this difference are not presently understood.
Development of Doppler global velocimetry as a flow diagnostics tool

The development of Doppler global velocimetry is described from its inception to its use as a flow diagnostics tool. Its evolution is traced from an elementary one-component laboratory prototype, to a full three-component configuration operating in a wind tunnel at focal distances exceeding 15 m. As part of the developmental process, several wind tunnel flow field investigations were conducted. These included supersonic flow measurements about an oblique shock, subsonic and supersonic measurements of the vortex flow above a delta wing, and three-component measurements of a high-speed jet.
Matthew Hull and ethnographies of the state

Comment on Hull, Matthew. 2012. Government of paper: The materiality of bureaucracy in urban Pakistan. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Minocycline modulates neuroinflammation independently of its antimicrobial activity in staphylococcus aureus-induced brain abscess.

Minocycline exerts beneficial immune modulatory effects in several noninfectious neurodegenerative disease models; however, its potential to influence the host immune response during central nervous system bacterial infections, such as brain abscess, has not yet been investigated. Using a minocycline-resistant strain of Staphylococcus aureus to dissect the antibiotic's bacteriostatic versus immune modulatory effects in a mouse experimental brain abscess model, we found that minocycline significantly reduced mortality rates within the first 24 hours following bacterial exposure. This protection was associated with a transient decrease in the expression of several proinflammatory mediators, including interleukin-1β and CCL2 (MCP-1). Minocycline was also capable of protecting the brain parenchyma from necrotic damage as evident by significantly smaller abscesses in minocycline-treated mice. In addition, minocycline exerted anti-inflammatory effects when administered as late as 3 days following S. aureus infection, which correlated with a significant decrease in brain abscess size. Finally, minocycline was capable of partially attenuating S. aureus-dependent microglial and astrocyte activation. Therefore, minocycline may afford additional therapeutic benefits extending beyond its antimicrobial activity for the treatment of central nervous system infectious diseases typified by a pathogenic inflammatory component through its ability to balance beneficial versus detrimental inflammation.
NEONATAL OVARIAN CYSTS: ULTRASONOGRAPHIC DETECTION AND THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT. 1505

Fetal abdominal masses are being diagnosed with increasing frequency due to greater utilization of pre-natal ultrasonography (US). Over a 15-month period, six inborn infants were recently diagnosed with large cystic abdominal masses(5 to 10 cm), an incidence of 1/1000, occurring in otherwise uncomplicated pregnancies. Five infants were diagnosed antenatally and were followed with serial US. All 6 infants had large palpable abdominal masses on newborn physical exam (1 bilateral). Pre-and post-natal US suggested that all cysts were ovarian in origin, with torsion present in 50% of cases. US findings of torsion included debris or septations seen within the cyst. All 6 infants had the cysts removed surgically and did well clinically. The diagnosis of ovarian torsion in the 3 patients (2 unilateral, 1 bilateral) by US was confirmed at surgery. All cysts were benign follicular cysts on pathological examination. The smaller cysts were removed with preservation of viable ovarian tissue, while the larger cysts and those causing torsion required oophorectomy. Most ovarian cysts are asymptomatic, but cysts >5cm can rupture, torse, hemorrhage, or obstruct the intestinal and urinary tracts through direct compression. Small cysts usually resolve spontaneously while complicated cysts or simple cysts >5 cm tipically require surgery. We conclude that antenatally-diagnosed cysts should be followed closely by serial US examination. The choice of treatment and perhaps the timing of delivery should be dependent on the appearance of the cyst and its evolution throughout pregnancy and the newborn period. Since recent studies have reported an incidence of large ovarian cysts (>5cm) in 1/2600 births, the cases reported here may be an isolated finding or may represent an increasing incidence of this problem. (Funded by a grant from Winthrop-University Hospital.)
Transverse ion acceleration and auroral electron precipitation

Abstract High time resolution electron and ion measurements aboard a sounding rocket reaching an altitude of 1100 km have revealed hundreds of localized regions of intense lower hybrid waves and transversely accelerated H+ and O+ ions (TAI). From the nature of the correlations between the TAI and the waves it is concluded that the waves are accelerating the ions within localized regions of transverse scale length of 50 to 100 m and that these acceleration regions are thin filaments with lengths the order of a few hundred kilometers. The TAI fluxes are adequate to explain ISIS satellite observations of TAI. The TAI occur during periods of field-aligned electron precipitation.
A First Course in Mind, Brain, and Education

ABSTRACT— We describe what may well be the first course devoted explicitly to the topic of Mind, Brain, and Education (MBE). In the course, students examine four central topics (literacy, numeracy, emotion/motivation, and conceptual change) through the perspectives of psychology, neuroscience, genetics, and education. We describe the pedagogical tools we use to develop the skills critical for synthesizing information across the disciplines associated with MBE.
Lung lesion doubling times: values and variability based on method of volume determination.

Purpose To determine doubling times (DTs) of lung lesions based on volumetric measurements from thin-section CT imaging. Methods Previously untreated patients with ≥ two thin-section CT scans showing a focal lung lesion were identified. Lesion volumes were derived using direct volume measurements and volume calculations based on lesion area and diameter. Growth rates (GRs) were compared by tissue diagnosis and measurement technique. Results 54 lesions were evaluated including 8 benign lesions, 10 metastases, 3 lymphomas, 15 adenocarcinomas, 11 squamous carcinomas, and 7 miscellaneous lung cancers. Using direct volume measurements, median DTs were 453, 111, 15, 181, 139 and 137 days, respectively. Lung cancer DTs ranged from 23–2239 days. There were no significant differences in GRs among the different lesion types. There was considerable variability among GRs using different volume determination methods. Conclusions Lung cancer doubling times showed a substantial range, and different volume determination methods gave considerably different DTs.
Regulation of the Yeast DPP1-encoded Diacylglycerol Pyrophosphate Phosphatase by Transcription Factor Gis1p*

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae DPP1-encoded diacylglycerol pyrophosphate phosphatase catalyzes the dephosphorylation of diacylglycerol pyrophosphate to form phosphatidate and Pi. The enzyme also dephosphorylates phosphatidate to form diacylglycerol and Pi. Because diacylglycerol pyrophosphate, phosphatidate, and diacylglycerol have roles as lipid signal molecules in higher eukaryotic cells, it is important to understand how diacylglycerol pyrophosphate phosphatase is regulated. Analysis of DPP1 expression using PDPP1-lacZ reporter genes with a series of deletions from the 5' end of the promoter indicated sequences responsible for enzyme expression. Three binding sites (URSPDS) for transcription factor Gis1p were identified in the DPP1 promoter (consensus sequence of 5'-T(A/T)AGGGAT-3'). A gis1 Delta mutant exhibited elevated levels of DPP1 expression and diacylglycerol pyrophosphate phosphatase activity. Direct interaction between Gis1p and DPP1 promoter elements was demonstrated by electrophoretic mobility shift assays. Mutations in the three URSPDS elements within the DPP1 promoter abolished Gis1p-DNA interactions in vitro and abolished the regulation of DPP1 in vivo. These data indicated that Gis1p was a repressor of DPP1 expression. Phospholipid composition analysis of the gis1 Delta mutant showed that Gis1p played a role in regulating the cellular level of diacylglycerol pyrophosphate, as well as the levels of the major phospholipids phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine.
The Research-Teaching-Study Nexus in Modern Systems of Higher Education

From a field study of academic research and advanced education carried out in Germany, Britain, France, United States and Japan, the concept of a research-teaching-study nexus has been developed. Under modern conditions of mass higher education and sophistication of knowledge, identifiable forces that weaken this three-way relationship can be conceptualized as research drift and teaching drift. Operating to counter these forces, enabling, formative and enacting conditions at national, institutional and basic unit levels can be specified that strengthen the nexus. Critical is the fusion of advanced teaching groups with research groups in basic units. Such fusion is the principal operational tool of the American graduate school. It is this particular ‘institutional nexus’ that increasingly serves in national systems as the primary carrying vehicle for the close integration of academia's three primary activities: research, teaching and study.
Genetics of Resistance to Pyrethroid Insecticides in the House Fly, Musca domestica

Abstract Nineteen lines of house flies were derived from crosses of the pyrethroid resistant LPR (wild type) and susceptible aabys (bearing recessive morphological markers on each of five autosomes) strains. Each line was homozygous for one or more wild-type markers from the LPR strain. The level of resistance to permethrin, with and without piperonyl butoxide (PBO), was measured for each line in order to determine the genetic linkage of pyrethroid resistance in LPR house flies. Permethrin resistance in the LPR strain was 16,000-fold compared to the susceptible aabys strain. Resistance in strains bearing wild-type markers for autosomes 1, 2, and 3 together was not significantly different from that of the LPR strain. Resistance in strains bearing a mutant marker for autosomes 1, 2, or 3 (i.e., from aabys) was much lower than in LPR. These results demonstrate that pyrethroid resistance in the LPR strain is polygenic, with genes for resistance on autosomes 1, 2, and 3. PBO decreased permethrin resistance in strains bearing wild-type markers on both autosomes 1 and 2 by 72- to 76-fold, compared to a 78-fold decrease in the LPR strain. However, when the autosome 1 or autosome 2 mutant marker was present, PBO did not substantially decrease the resistance. Thus, the high level of PBO-suppressible resistance in the LPR strain (i.e., P450-mediated detoxication) was associated with autosomes 1 and 2 in combination. The regulation of PBO-suppressible resistance in the LPR strain is discussed.
A two-way approach to structural transfer in MT

The METAL machine translation project incorporates two methods of structural transfer - direct transfer and transfer by grammar. In this paper I discuss the strengths and weaknesses of these two approaches in general and with respect to the METAL project, and argue that, for many applications, a combination of the two is preferable to either alone.
FOUR- AND FIVE-COORDINATE NICKEL(II) COMPLEXES OF THE ALIPHATIC, TRIDENTATE LIGANDS BIS(3-DIMETHYLARSINOPROPYL)METHYLARSINE AND BIS(3-DIMETHYLARSINOPROPYL)PHENYLPHOSPHINE

Abstract Fifteen diamagnetic nickel(II) complexes of the flexible, tridentate ligands bis(3-dimethylarsinopropyl)phenyl-phosphine(dap) and bis(3-dimethylarsinopropyl)methylarsine(tas) were isolated and characterized. The molecular, five-coordinate complexes Ni(ligand)X 2 (ligand=dap; X=Cl, Br, I, NCS, CN: ligand=tas; X=Br, I, NCS, CN) and the four-coordinate complexes [Ni(dap)Cl]ClO4 and [Ni(dap)NO3]NO3 were studied by electronic and infrared spectra, magnetic, conductivity, and molecular weight measurements. On the basis of X-ray structural determinations of Ni(tas)Br2 and Ni(dap)(CN)2·H2O and the similar electronic spectra of the dap and tas series of complexes, the inner coordination geometry of all these complexes can be represented as a distorted square pyramid. The method of isolation and the properties of the polynuclear complexes [Ni2L3(H2O](ClO4)4 (L=dap and tas) and [Ni3(dap)3I5]B(C6H5)4 are also discussed.
A COMPARISON OF MINORS‘ AND ADULTS’ PREGNANCY DECISIONS

Pregnancy decision-making of legal minors (17 and younger) and legal adults is compared on the basis of interview data. Minors are found to be less likely than adults to anticipate consultation with a professional regarding the pregnancy, and more likely than adults to perceive decisions about pregnancy disposition and contraception as being "externally" determined. Implications of these differences are considered.
A VLF transmitter on the Space Shuttle

The use of space-borne transmitters for the study of interactions of energetic radiation belt particles and coherent plasma waves in the earth's magnetosphere has been considered. The proposed Space Shuttle/Space Lab system would provide a useful VLF transmitter platform since it can lift the required large payloads into orbit, erect long antennas, supply the electrical power required, and provide real-time control. A study is conducted of the power budget of such a VLF transmitter in an attempt to assess the feasibility of the experiment. It is found that a 1-10 kW transmitter placed on the Space Shuttle/Space Lab system can inject from one watt to up to a few kilowatts of wave power into the whistler mode. Recent results of ground-based VLF wave-injection experiments show that such power levels would be more than enough for initiating nonlinear wave growth and amplification and emission triggering in the magnetosphere.
Toward Social Justice in Urban Education: A Model of Collaborative Cultural Inquiry in Urban Schools

The increasing racial, cultural, and ethnic diversity among the populations attending urban schools poses a significant challenge to providing quality public education. Similarly, few would dispute that, in order to meet this challenge effectively, teachers must acquire the cultural competency for creating productive and inclusive learning environments, building academic capability among all students, and forging solid relationships with students' families and communities. Though this view has become an “official doctrine” among teacher educators, developing cultural competence in actual contexts consisting of urban schools and classrooms has proven a difficult challenge. This article explains a design for this work called Circles of Co-Practice as a system of practice and inquiry to develop cultural competency in partnership activity. The system design and application to the work of urban school-university-neighborhood collaboratives to improve urban education is illustrated with two case instances.
Testicular seminoma metastasis to the gastrointestinal tract and the necessity of surgery.

Introduction Germ cell tumors rarely metastasize to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract with an incidence that is less than 5%. Germ cell tumors can be divided into two groups: pure seminomas and non-seminomas. Pure seminomas are characterized by their profound response to chemoradiation. Within the group of germ cell tumors, pure seminomas are least likely to metastasize to the GI tract with an incidence of less than 1%. The most frequent mode of metastasis to the GI tract is direct extension from the retroperitoneal lymph nodes, which drain the testes. Ileal and jejunal metastasis are more common due to their retroperitoneal locations as well as the fact that the testes have retroperitoneal lymphatic drainage. Due to the concern of retroperitoneal metastasis in germ cell tumors, retroperitoneal lymph node biopsies are advocated for accurate staging and diagnosis due to the possibility of occult involvement in these sites. Thus, amongst the GI sites for metastasis, the duodenum is the most uncommon location. The most common manifestations of GI metastasis are intestinal obstructions via volvulus or intussusception and not acute gastrointestinal bleeding. We present a case of chemoresistant pure testicular seminoma with metastasis to the duodenum with a complication of a massive upper GI bleed requiring emergent surgery.
The time-of-flight mass spectrometer: A poor man's sims device

Abstract Sputtering and double charge-transfer can occur at surfaces in the ion source of a time-of-flight mass spectrometer, despite the low kinetic energies of the impinging ions. It is shown how negative ions arising via these mechanisms can be distinguished and, if necessary, eliminated.
Nonnutrient anthropogenic chemicals in seagrass ecosystems: Fate and effects

Impacts of human-related chemicals, either alone or in combination with other stressors, are important to understand to prevent and reverse continuing worldwide seagrass declines. This review summarizes reported concentrations of anthropogenic chemicals in grass bed-associated surface waters, sediments, and plant tissues and phytotoxic concentrations. Fate information in seagrass-rooted sediments and overlying water is most available for trace metals. Toxicity results in aqueous exposures are available for at least 13 species and a variety of trace metals, pesticides, and petrochemicals. In contrast, results for chemical mixtures and chemicals in sediment matrices are uncommon. Contaminant bioaccumulation information is available for at least 23 species. The effects of plant age, tissue type, and time of collection have been commonly reported but not biological significance of the chemical residues. Experimental conditions have varied considerably in seagrass contaminant research and interspecific differences in chemical residues and chemical tolerances are common, which limits generalizations and extrapolations among species and chemicals. The few reported risk assessments have been usually local and limited to a few single chemicals and species representative of the south Australian and Mediterranean floras. Media-specific information describing exposure concentrations, toxic effect levels, and critical body burdens of common near-shore contaminants is needed for most species to support integrated risk assessments at multiple geographical scales and to evaluate the ability of numerical effects-based criteria to protect these marine angiosperms at risk.
A new substantive proton to electron mass ratio constraint on rolling scalar field cosmologies

New PKS1830-211 radio frequency observations of methanol at a redshift of 0.88582 have established the most stringent limits on changes in the proton to electron mass ratio mu to date. The observations place the limit of (delta mu)/mu </= (0.0 +/- 1.0) x 10^{-7} which is approximately a factor of four lower than the previous lowest limit at a redshift of 0.6742. This stringent limit at a look back time of roughly half the age of the universe has profound implications for rolling scalar field cosmologies and the new physics that they require. Many of these cosmologies invoke a scalar field phi that is also coupled to the electromagnetic field causing the values of the fundamental constants, mu and the fine structure constant alpha to roll with time. If the lowest expected value of the coupling to mu, zeta_{mu}$ is invoked the new limit requires a limit on the dark energy equation of state parameter w such that w+1 </= 0.001 at a redshift of 0.88582. This eliminates almost all of the expected parameter space for such cosmologies and new physics that have a coupling to the electromagnetic field. In these cases the limit requires that w must be extremely close to -1 for the last half of the age of the universe or that the coupling of the rolling scalar field to mu and the electromagnetic field be significantly below or at the limit of its expected range. The new observations solidify the role of fundamental constants in providing probes of the possible cosmologies and new physics to explain the acceleration of the expansion of the universe.
Female Voices from an Ewe Dance-drumming Community in Ghana: Our Music Has Become a Divine Spirit/Ancient Text Messages of the Yorùbá Bàtá Drum: Cracking the Code

Female Voices from an Ewe Dance-drumming Community in Ghana: Our Music Has Become a Divine Spirit James Burns Farnham, Surrey, Ashgate Publishing, 2009 xvii + 215 pp. + 1 DVD documentary, ISBN 978-...
Scheduling algorithms for real-time agent systems

The paper addresses the scheduling issues of real time software agent systems. Different from the traditional client/server approach, an agent contains executable codes and is activated on a server computer after the agent is shipped through the network to the server computer. The advantage of the agent approach is to efficiently utilize the resources and the power of the server computers as well as to reduce the load on the network. A real time agent model is proposed to handle distributed real time applications that dispatch intelligent agents to remote server locations. We investigate different scheduling algorithms on the server computer and compare their performances by simulation.
Effects of salinity and adult extract on settlement of the oligohaline barnacle Balanus subalbidus

Balanus subalbidus (Henry) has the most oligohaline distribution of three congeneric barnacles in Chesapeake Bay and tolerates prolonged exposure to fresh water. We studied larval settlement (i.e., permanent attachment and metamorphosis) of B. subaldius in the laboratory, over a 3 yr period, May 1989 to March 1992, under the following conditions: (1) across an array of salinities at 25°C in the presence and absence of settlement factor consisting of adult B. subalbidus extract; (2) in the presence of conspecific or congeneric settlement factors; and (3) cyprids which were, and were not, induced to delay metamorphosis were compared in their capacities to settle in a range of salinities. Discrepancies between salinity profiles of larval settlement in the laboratory and adult oligohaline distribution in the estuary were striking, and there was a significant interaction between salinity and settlement factor. Averaging results of four different batches of larvae, although peak settlement (87±9%) of B. subalbidus occurred at 2 ppt salinity in the presence of adult cue, substantial settlement also occurred at higher salinities: >70% at 5, 10 and 15 ppt; and 47% at 20 and 25 ppt. In addition, settlement in the absence of settlement factor was relatively high (>50%) and peaked at mid-salinity ranges (e.g. 56±10% at 15 ppt). Variation observed in settlement among larval batches reflected detailed differences in settlement between adjacent test salinities. No difference in settlement occurred between replicate aliquots of cyprids within a batch. Cyprids of B. subalbidus settled most abundantly in the presence of settlement factor extracted from conspecifics, followed in decreasing order by settlement factor extracted from B. improvisus and B. eburneus. Delay of metamorphosis produced by keeping B. subalbidus cyprids for 8 d at 5°C resulted in a decreased level of settlement, but settlement frequency patterns of delayed and non-delayed cyprids were indistinguishable relative to salinity. These results indicate that the oligohaline distribution of adult B. subalbidus is probably not determined by larval behavior at settlement. We suggest that pre-settlement behavior, resulting in larval retention in low saline waters, could be an important factor in determining distribution of this species.
A Blind Source Separation Perspective on Image Restoration

This paper re-investigates the physical image formation process leading to a new interpretation of the classic image restoration problem from a blind source separation (BSS) perspective. The observed distorted image is considered as a linear combination of a set of shifted version of the point spread function (PSF) with the weight coefficients determined by the actual image. The new interpretation brings two immediate benefits to the practice of image restoration. First, we can utilize the rich set of BSS methods to solve the blind image restoration problem. Second, the new formulation in terms of matrix product has the equivalent merit as the conventional matrix-vector notation in theoretical study of restoration algorithms. We develop a smoothness and block-decorrelation constrained nonnegative matrix factorization method (termed CNMF) to blindly recover both the PSF and the actual image. The experimental results compared to one of the state-of-the-art methods demonstrate the merit of the proposed approach.
A dissociation procedure for mammalian taste cells.

Abstract A procedure for dissociating viable taste cells from the rodent tongue was described. After the tongue was excised, the foliate and circumvallate papillae from the posterior region were blocked to small pieces and incubated for 2–3 h in a calcium-free salt solution containing the enzyme papain. The pieces were then transferred to a Ca-replete medium. The epithelium was easily removed from the underlying muscle and gland tissue with forceps. Light mechanical agitation caused single cells, epithelial and gustatory, to dissociate from the keratinized epithelium. Taste cells were identified by their morphology. Their viability was assessed with the patch clamp technique in the whole cell recording mode. This procedure should enhance the electrophysiological study of gustatory transduction mechanisms.