cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sediment Transport Events on Shelves and Slopes (STRESS) and Biological Effects of Coastal Ocean Sediment Transport (BECOST)

Despite much practical interest in the problem of sediment transport on the shelf, it is germane to note that we have more information on storms in the deep sea and their effects on suspended sediment transport than we do about the effects of episodic events on continental shelf stratigraphy. We lack knowledge today partially because, until recently, we lacked theoretical models to guide the design and interpretation of a major field study. The small-scale fabric of shelf sediments and the fine texture of stratigraphy of shallow water sediments have held fascination for marine geologists and stratigraphers alike: Could any of the small-scale fabric be unequivocally related to the forcing function? Major advances in boundary layer theory and in instrumentation over the past decade, coupled with tremendous advances in knowledge about coastal circulation, allow us today to attempt to undertake such a complex question. Issues such as which physical, geological, and biological processes determine bottom roughness at a site and what rates of transport prevail in episodic processes (e.g., storms, surface and internal waves) that dominate sediment movement on the shelf are only now amenable to field testing that is based on recently developed theories.
Immediate memory, attention and communication disturbances in schizophrenia patients and their relatives

Background. Schizophrenia has been defined in part by disturbances of thought and language. The non-schizophrenic relatives of patients also have been found to show subtle disturbances of language that may be associated with vulnerability. Investigators have hypothesized that these phenomena in patients and their relatives are, at least in part, the result of weaknesses in facets of attention and memory. Methods. The present study assessed some neuropsychological process correlates of three different measures of thought and language symptoms in 55 stable out-patients, using tests of immediate auditory memory impairment and auditory distractability, and carefully controlling for generalized deficit effects. A parallel assessment was made of referential communication disturbances in 59 non-schizophrenic relatives of patients and 24 control subjects matched to the relatives. Results. In patients, formal thought disorder, disorganization, and referential communication disturbances were all associated with each other and with auditory distractability. In addition, as expected, referential communication disturbances were associated with immediate auditory memory impairment. Referential disturbance ratings for relatives were similar in magnitude to those for the stable out-patients, and much higher than for controls. However, the relatives' language ratings were not associated specifically with weaknesses in attention or memory as measured. Conclusions. Impairments in immediate auditory memory and attention are associated differentially with different types of communication disturbances in schizophrenia patients. The cognitive substrate for referential communication disturbances in relatives appears to differ qualitatively from that for patients.
Median bounds and their application

Basic methods are given to evaluate or estimate the median for various probability distributions. These methods are then applied to determine the precise median of several nontrivial distributions, including weighted selection and the sum of heterogeneous Bernoulli trials conditioned to lie within any interval centered about the mean. These bounds are then used to give simple analyses of algorithms such as interpolation search and some aspects of PRAM emulation.
Procedural Explanations in Mathematics Writing: A Framework for Understanding College Students’ Effective Communication Practices

This study analyzes the procedural explanations written by remedial college mathematics students. Relevant literatures suggest that six communication activities might be key in effective procedural...
Prolyl-4-Hydroxylase 3 (PHD3) Expression Is Downregulated during Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition

Prolyl-4-hydroxylation by the intracellular prolyl-4-hydroxylase enzymes (PHD1-3) serves as a master regulator of environmental oxygen sensing. The activity of these enzymes is tightly tied to tumorigenesis, as they regulate cell metabolism and angiogenesis through their control of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) stability. PHD3 specifically, is gaining attention for its broad function and rapidly accumulating array of non-HIF target proteins. Data from several recent studies suggest a role for PHD3 in the regulation of cell morphology and cell migration. In this study, we aimed to investigate this role by closely examining the relationship between PHD3 expression and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT); a transcriptional program that plays a major role in controlling cell morphology and migratory capacity. Using human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) cell lines and Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells, we examined the correlation between several markers of EMT and PHD3 expression. We demonstrated that loss of PHD3 expression in PDA cell lines is highly correlated with a mesenchymal-like morphology and an increase in cell migratory capacity. We also found that induction of EMT in MDCK cells resulted in the specific downregulation of PHD3, whereas the expression of the other HIF-PHD enzymes was not affected. The results of this study clearly support a model by which the basal expression and hypoxic induction of PHD3 is suppressed by the EMT transcriptional program. This may be a novel mechanism by which migratory or metastasizing cells alter signaling through specific pathways that are sensitive to regulation by O2. The identification of downstream pathways that are affected by the suppression of PHD3 expression during EMT may provide important insight into the crosstalk between O2 and the migratory and metastatic potential of tumor cells.
Weakly Nonlinear Morphological Instability Analysis of a Sphere Crystallizing from an Undercooled Melt

Over the last twenty-five years, linear morphological stability analysis has become a standard methodology that has been applied to a wide variety of situations involving crystal growth and the motion of phase boundaries. Nonlinear analyses, based mostly on weakly nonlinear expansion techniques, are much less well-understood. These techniques focus attention on the time evolution of a specific planform. We describe briefly a weakly nonlinear stability analysis of a sphere crystallizing from an undercooled melt. We perturb the sphere by a single spherical harmonic and carry out a nonlinear expansion up to third order in the amplitude of the perturbation. Results depend strongly on the symmetry properties of the harmonic under consideration. For harmonics such that the shapes produced by perturbations with positive and negative amplitudes are not related by symmetry, the bifurcation is transcritical and a second order perturbation expansion is sufficient. For harmonics such that shapes having perturbations with positive and negative amplitudes are related by symmetry, the bifurcation is either subcritical or supercritical and a third order perturbation expansion is necessary.
Turbocharging Quantum Tomography

Quantum tomography is used to characterize quantum operations implemented in quantum information processing (QIP) hardware. Traditionally, state tomography has been used to characterize the quantum state prepared in an initialization procedure, while quantum process tomography is used to characterize dynamical operations on a QIP system. As such, tomography is critical to the development of QIP hardware (since it is necessary both for debugging and validating as-built devices, and its results are used to influence the next generation of devices). But tomography su %7C ers from several critical drawbacks. In this report, we present new research that resolves several of these flaws. We describe a new form of tomography called gate set tomography (GST), which unifies state and process tomography, avoids prior methods critical reliance on precalibrated operations that are not generally available, and can achieve unprecedented accuracies. We report on theory and experimental development of adaptive tomography protocols that achieve far higher fidelity in state reconstruction than non-adaptive methods. Finally, we present a new theoretical and experimental analysis of process tomography on multispin systems, and demonstrate how to more e %7C ectively detect and characterize quantum noise using carefully tailored ensembles of input states.
The influence of diversity and experience on the effects of crowd size

One advantage of crowds over traditional teams is that crowds enable the assembling of a large number of individuals to address problems. The literature is unclear, however, about when crowd size leads to better outcomes. To better understand the effects of crowd size we conducted a study on the retention and performance of 4,317 articles in the WikiProject Film community. Results indicate that crowd composition, specifically diversity and experience, is vital to understanding when size leads to better retention and performance. Crowd size was positively related to retention and performance when crowds were high in diversity and experience. Retention was important to determining when crowd size led to better performance. Crowd size was positively related to performance when retention was low. Our results suggest that crowds benefit from their size when they are diverse, experienced, and have low retention rates.
Fourier's Seventeen Lines Problem

(1980). Fourier's Seventeen Lines Problem. Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 53, No. 4, pp. 217-219.
Intravenous Immune Globulin for the Prevention of Nosocomial Infection in Low-Birth-Weight Neonates

BACKGROUND Nosocomial infection is a major risk for premature infants with very low birth weights. One reason for their susceptibility to infection may be antibody deficiency, since there is little transfer of maternal IgG to the fetus before 32 weeks' gestation. METHODS We conducted a multicenter, double-blind study of neonates weighing 500 to 1750 g at birth. A total of 588 neonates were randomly assigned, with stratification for birth weight, to receive periodic intravenous infusions of either immune globulin (500 mg per kilogram of body weight per day) or a placebo. Mortality, morbidity, and nosocomial infection during the next 56 days were assessed. RESULTS The infusions were well tolerated; mild, reversible adverse reactions occurred in five infants in each group. There was a significant reduction in the risk of a first nosocomial infection in the recipients of immune globulin as compared with the placebo recipients (relative risk, 0.7; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.5 to 0.9). About 85 percent of the nosocomial infections were bacterial; the majority of these were caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci or Staphylococcus aureus. The neonates who received immune globulin had fewer mean days of hospitalization than the controls (62 vs. 68, P = 0.15); among the infants with infections, the difference in the mean length of the hospital stay was even greater (80 days vs. 101 days, P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS For premature infants weighing between 500 and 1750 g at birth, treatment with intravenous infusions of immune globulin is safe and reduces the risk of nosocomial infection.
Safety of Continued Clopidogrel Use in the Preoperative Course of Gastrointestinal Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objective:Our study aimed to estimate postoperative bleeding risk in older adults taking clopidogrel before gastrointestinal (GI) surgery, to aid surgeons in decisions regarding clopigogrel cessation.Summary Background Data:Balancing risks of postoperative bleeding associated with continued clopidog
Complete Genome Sequence of Labrenzia sp. Strain CP4, Isolated from a Self-Regenerating Biocathode Biofilm

ABSTRACT Here, we present the complete genome sequence of Labrenzia sp. strain CP4, isolated from an electricity-consuming marine biocathode biofilm. Labrenzia sp. strain CP4 consists of a circular 5.2 Mbp chromosome and an 88 Kbp plasmid.
HBV Infection Condition of the Workers in Food Service Industry in Taishan City

Objective To survey the HBV infection condition of the workers in food service industry in Taishan and to establish correspondence counter measures. Method Serum samples were collected from the workers in food service industry who had prophylactic health check-up for the detection of HBV markers by ELISA. Result 6 846 workers were examined. The HBsAg(+) rate was 6.95%. The positive rate of male was higher than that of female, and 15 age group was higher than that of 30-40 age group. The HBeAg(+) rate was 33.61%. There were no significant differences in the HBeAg(+) rates between different genders or age groups. Seven patterns of HBV makers were found. The "HBsAg, HBeAg, Anti-HBc" and "HBsAg, Anti-HBC, Anti-HBc" were the two major patterns. Conclusion HBV infection condition in Taishan is similar to epidemic condition of the whole nation, and belongs to moderate and high epidemic status. Preventive measurements should be enforced; prophylactic health check-up of the workers in the food service industry should be straightly managed; HBV vaccination program should be set up to improve the immunity against HBV and to prevent infection and spreading of HBV. Prevention and control of HBV is important to the health of the general population.
Theory of Stimulated Brillouin and Raman Scattering

Stimulated Raman and Brillouin scattering can be described as the interaction of several light waves with optical and acoustic-phonon waves, respectively. The coupling parameters can be derived both classically and quantum mechanically. A prototype solution is given for the coupling of infinite plane Stokes and anti-Stokes waves satisfying appropriate boundary conditions on a plane-parallel Raman cell, in which the laser intensity is assumed a constant parameter. Saturation effects, generation of higher order Raman radiation, and the effect of mode structure in the laser beam are treated in a more approximate and qualitative fashion. The theory can explain at least qualitatively most of the experimental findings, including the directional properties of the Raman radiation. Ideal experiments for clarifying the mechanism of the Raman effect are suggested.
Improvised song endings in a developmental perspective: A mixed-methods study:

The aim of this mixed-methods study was to investigate the development of children’s improvised song endings over the course of two years, through researcher-led tasks. While quantitative data were...
How Do Apps Work? An Analysis of Physical Activity App Users' Perceptions of Behavior Change Mechanisms.

Background: Physical activity apps are commonly used to increase levels of activity and health status. To date, the focus of research has been to determine the potential of apps to influence behavior, to ascertain the efficacy of a limited number of apps to change behavior, and to identify the characteristics of apps that users prefer. Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify the mechanisms by which the use of physical activity apps may influence the users’ physical activity behavior. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional survey of users of health-related physical activity apps during the past 6 months. An electronic survey was created in Qualtrics’ Web-based survey software and deployed on Amazon Mechanical Turk. Individuals who had used at least one physical activity app in the past 6 months were eligible to respond. The final sample comprised 207 adults living in the United States. 86.0% (178/207) of respondents were between the ages of 26 and 54 years, with 51.2% (106/207) of respondents being female. Behavior change theory informed the creation of 20 survey items relating to the mechanisms of behavior change. Respondents also reported about engagement with the apps, app likeability, and physical activity behavior. Results: Respondents reported that using a physical activity app in the past 6 months resulted in a change in their attitudes, beliefs, perceptions, and motivation. Engagement with the app (P<.001), frequency of app use (P=.03), and app price (P=.01) were related to the reported impact of the behavior change theory or mechanisms of change. The mechanisms of change were associated with self-reported physical activity behaviors (P<.001). Conclusions: The findings from this study provide an overview of the mechanisms by which apps may impact behavior. App developers may wish to incorporate these mechanisms in an effort to increase impact. Practitioners should consider the extent to which behavior change theory is integrated into a particular app when they consider making recommendations to others wishing to increase levels of physical activity. [JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2017;5(8):e114]
A Theoretical and Computational Analysis of the Methyl-Vinyl + O2 Reaction and Its Effects on Propene Combustion

A detailed analysis of the reaction of CH3CCH2 and CH3CHCH with molecular oxygen is presented. The C3H5O2 potential energy surface was characterized using a combination of electronic structure methods. The majority of the stationary points on the PES was determined at the CCSD(T)-F12a/cc-pVTZ-F12//B2PLYPD3/cc-pVTZ level of theory, with the remaining transition states computed using multireference methods. Microcanonical rate theory and the master equation are used to determine the temperature- and pressure-dependent rate coefficients for each reaction channel. The main product channels are CH2O + CH3CO for CH3CCH2 and CH3CHO + CHO for CH3CHCH. The rate constants for these two reactions at 1 atm are k = 9.03 × 1022 × T–3.21 × exp–2162/T and 1.50 × 1019 × T–2.10 × exp–1260/T cm–3 mol–1 s–1, respectively. In contrast to C2H3 + O2, the methyl-vinyl + O2 reactions remain chain propagating, even at high temperatures. The new rate coefficients were implemented in a detailed mechanism taken from the literature. T...
Aligning the AACP Strategic Engagement Agenda with Key Federal Priorities in Health: Report of the 2016-17 Argus Commission

EXECUTIVE SUMMARYThe Argus Commission identified three major federal priorities related to health care, including the precision medicine initiative, the Cancer Moonshot and the opioid abuse epidemic. Current activities at the federal level were summarized and an analysis of activities within the profession, and academic pharmacy specifically, was prepared. The implications for pharmacy education, research and practice are compelling in all three areas. Recommendations, suggestions and two policy statements aim to optimize the attention to these priorities by the academy. Further, aligning the AACP Strategic Engagement agenda with the opportunities and threats acknowledged in the analysis is essential.
A History of Social Work in Public Health

Social work is a core health profession with origins deeply connected to the development of contemporary public health in the United States. Today, many of the nation’s 600 000 social workers practice broadly in public health and in other health settings, drawing on a century of experience in combining clinical, intermediate, and population approaches for greater health impact. Yet, the historic significance of this long-standing interdisciplinary collaboration—and its current implications—remains underexplored in the present era. This article builds on primary and contemporary sources to trace the historic arc of social work in public health, providing examples of successful collaborations. The scope and practices of public health social work practice are explored, and we articulate a rationale for an expanded place for social work in the public health enterprise.
Mathematical Epidemiology Goes to College

Every year waves of illnesses sweep through college campuses. This seems a natural result of sleep-deprived college students living, working, and playing together. Such outbreaks suggest questions:...
Topically Applied Curcumin-Loaded Nanoparticles Treat Erectile Dysfunction in a Rat Model of Type-2 Diabetes.

Abstract Background Curcumin, a naturally occurring anti-inflammatory compound, has shown promise in pre-clinical studies to treat erectile dysfunction (ED) associated with type-1 diabetes. However, poor bioavailability following oral administration limits its efficacy. The present study evaluated the potential of topical application of curcumin-loaded nanoparticles (curc-np) to treat ED in a rat model of type-2 diabetes (T2D). Aim Determine if topical application of curc-np treats ED in a T2D rat model and modulates expression of inflammatory markers. Methods Curc-np (4 mg curcumin) or blank nanoparticles were applied every 2 days for 2 weeks to the shaved abdomen of 20-week-old Zucker diabetic fatty male rats (N = 5 per group). Lean Zucker diabetic fatty male rat controls were treated with blank nanoparticles (N = 5). Penetration of nanoparticles and curcumin release were confirmed by 2-photon fluorescence microscopy and histology. Erectile function was determined by measuring intracorporal pressure (ICP) normalized to systemic blood pressure (ICP/BP) following cavernous nerve stimulation. Corporal tissue was excised and reverse transcription and quantitative polymerase chain reaction used to determine expression of the following markers: nuclear factor (NF)-κβ, NF-κβ-activating protein (Nkap), NF erythroid 2-related factor-2, Kelch-like enoyl-CoA hydratase-associated protein-1, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), variable coding sequence-A1, phosphodiesterase-5, endothelial and neuronal nitric oxide synthase, Ras homolog gene family member A, and Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinases-1 and -2. Outcomes Erectile function by determination of ICP/BP and expression of molecular markers in corporal tissue by RT-qPCR. Results Nanoparticles penetrated the abdominal epidermis and persisted in hair follicles for 24 hours. Curc-np-treated animals exhibited higher average ICP/BP than animals treated with blank nanoparticles at all levels of stimulation and this was statistically significant (P Clinical Translation These studies demonstrate the potential for topical application of curc-np as a treatment for ED in T2D patients. Conclusions The T2D animal model of ED represents a more prevalent disease than the more commonly studied type-1 diabetes model. Although there is improved erectile response in curc-np-treated animals, only at the lower levels of stimulation (0.75 mA) was this significant compared to the blank nanoparticle–treated animals, suggesting more studies are needed to optimize protocols and evaluate toxicity. Topical application of curc-np to a rat model of T2D can systemically deliver curcumin, treat ED, and modulate corporal expression of inflammatory markers. Draganski A, Tar MT, Villegas G, et al. Topically Applied Curcumin-Loaded Nanoparticles Treat Erectile Dysfunction in a Rat Model of Type-2 Diabetes. J Sex Med 2018;15:645–653.
Shaping fitness functions for coevolving cooperative multiagent systems

Coevolution is a natural approach to evolve teams of agents which must cooperate to achieve some system objective. However, in many coevolutionary approaches, credit assignment is often subjective and context dependent, as the fitness of an individual agent strongly depends on the actions of the agents with which it collaborates. In order to alleviate this problem, we introduce a cooperative coevolutionary algorithm which biases the evolutionary search as well as shapes agent fitness functions to reward behavior that benefits the system. More specifically, we bias the search using a hall of fame approximation of optimal collaborators, and we shape the agent fitness using the difference evaluation function. Our results show that shaping agent fitness with the difference evaluation improves system performance by up to 50%, and adding an additional fitness bias can improve performance by up to 75%.
Therapeutic Index and the Cancer Stem Cell Paradigm

The therapeutic index of antineoplastic therapies has traditionally been driven by the concepts of maximally tolerated dose and treatment response. When the tumor is viewed as homogeneous with respect to response, and response is defined by tumor regression, there are many effective antineoplastic regimens. However, the persistent problem of cancer recurrence in the face of apparently successful therapy, and the recognition that tumors are at least as heterogeneous as normal tissue, necessitates a reevaluation of the concept of therapeutic index from the standpoint of the most therapy resistant cells within the tumor vs. the maximal disruption that critical tissues can withstand. The cancer stem cell paradigm helps explain some of the heterogeneity within tumors and posits that therapy resistance originates with the strategies by which normal tissue stem cells protect themselves from toxic insults. The recognition that at any given time, self-renewing (tumorigenic) tumor cells are protected by mechanisms, such as multiple drug resistance (MDR) transporters, detoxifying enzymes, a resting state, and niche effects, ensures that a proportion of tumor cells will have toxicity profiles similar to normal tissue stem cells. The problem of therapeutic index is compounded by the fact that clonogenic cancer cells have merely to survive and reactivate to perpetuate the neoplasm, whereas vital organ functions cannot be compromised for long without lethal consequences. In this chapter, we review the evolving concepts of therapeutic index, maximal tolerated dose, and tumor heterogeneity in the context of the cancer stem cell paradigm. Primary clinical isolates are used to provide examples of heterogeneity within the tumorigenic compartment, within cells that resist therapy, and within cells protected by MDR transporters.
Interferons as antivirals in man.

Interferons have now been used in both prophylaxis and treatment of a number of human viral infections. The major action has been as a prophylactic for sites within the body that are not yet involved by disease. Such a prophylactic effect can be obtained early in the treatment of acute viral infection or even during chronic viral disease. Both local and systemic prophylaxis have been achieved with regard to both respiratory and herpesviral illness. In addition, Dane particle suppression can be achieved consistently with dosages of 10 6 units or greater daily to patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. In certain cases with prolonged therapy there can be permanent eradication. With leucocyte-derived material of approximately 10 6 or 10 7 units per milligram protein, the major side effects have been an initial febrile response, fatigue, malaise, marrow suppression, and inhibition of hair growth. So far, side effects have been rapidly reversible on lowering of dosage. Present studies with the use of lymphoblastoid interferon and bacterial-derived interferon employ materials of significantly greater specific activity. Such experience suggests that the same general side effects that were limiting with leucocyte interferon are present with interferon produced from recombinant DNA by bacterial as well as with lymphoblastoid interferon.
Behavior of Dust Devils

Behavior of dust devils in several parts of North America is outlined; field data are presented; and the general behavior of dust devils in these areas found to be in substantial accord with physical theories presented by Humphreys.
Exponentially harmonic maps between surfaces

We show the maximum principle for exponential energy minimizing maps. We then estimate the distance of two image points of an exponentially harmonic map between surfaces. We also study the existence of an exponentially harmonic map between surfaces if the image is contained in a convex disc. We finally investigate the existence of an exponentially harmonic map $$f:M_1\rightarrow M_2$$ between surfaces in case $$\pi _2 (M_2) = \emptyset $$.
Illustration of Measurement Error Models for Reducing Bias in Nutrition and Obesity Research Using 2-D Body Composition Data.

Objective This study aimed to illustrate the use and value of measurement error models for reducing bias when evaluating associations between body fat and having type 2 diabetes (T2D) or being physically active. Methods Logistic regression models were used to evaluate T2D and physical activity among adults aged 19 to 80 years from the Photobody Study (n = 558). Self-reported T2D and physical activity were categorized as "yes" or "no." Body fat measured by two-dimensional photographs was adjusted for bias using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scans as a reference. Three approaches were applied: regression calibration (RC), simulation extrapolation (SIMEX), and multiple imputation (MI). Results Unadjusted two-dimensional measures of body fat had upward biases of 30% and 233% for physical activity and T2D, respectively. For the physical activity model, RC-adjusted values had a 13% upward bias, whereas MI and SIMEX decreased the bias to 9% and 91%, respectively. For the T2D model, MI reduced the bias to 0%, whereas RC and SIMEX increased the upward bias to > 300%. Conclusions Of three statistical approaches to reducing bias due to measurement errors, MI performed best in comparison to RC and SIMEX. Measurement error methods can improve the reliability of analyses that look for relations between body fat measures and health outcomes.
Helping Medical Students Make the Transition from Biological to Psychological Thinking

Many medical students have limited background in behavioral science. Over the years many efforts to improve their capacity for psychological thinking have been attempted, with varying degrees of success. The author presents a new approach based on conceptualizing the educational problem as due to a legitimate, cognitive struggle arising from the lack of knowledge at the interface of neuroscience and behavioral science. Thus, an introductory lecture presenting the current state of knowledge at this interface leads medical students to appreciate and accept psychological concepts as a logical outgrowth of their well-established biological thinking. The lecture has been given for three years now with good success, seeming to reduce student “resistance.”
Constitutional Matters: Women, State, Law, and Constitutions in the Aftermath of the Arab Uprisings

Following the Arab Spring in 2011, constitutions and constitutional reforms were everywhere in the air in the Arab world. Constitutional matters were a must in critical conversations on women and gender rights in the Arab world at that historic moment. Egypt has reworked its constitution more than once since 2011. Constitutional debates mixed with debates about law and family codes were engaging diverse publics in Algeria, Iraq, Morocco, Tunisia — and always in Lebanon — as well as many other Arab countries. Regardless of whether in a particular Arab country constitutions are changing or even the possibility of constitutional change is being discussed, it remains the case that constitutions are useful projects to think with and to think through for understanding gender, rights, and other key social issues.
Aldoxime Metabolism Is Linked to Phenylpropanoid Production in Camelina sativa

Plants produce diverse secondary metabolites. Although each metabolite is made through its respective biosynthetic pathway, plants coordinate multiple biosynthetic pathways simultaneously. One example is an interaction between glucosinolate and phenylpropanoid pathways in Arabidopsis thaliana. Glucosinolates are defense compounds made primarily from methionine and tryptophan, while phenylpropanoids are made from phenylalanine. Recent studies have shown that the accumulation of glucosinolate intermediate such as indole-3-acetaldoxime (IAOx) or its derivatives represses phenylpropanoid production via the degradation of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) functioning at the entry point of the phenylpropanoid pathway. Given that IAOx is a precursor of other bioactive compounds other than glucosinolates and that the phenylpropanoid pathway is present in most plants, we hypothesized that this interaction is relevant to other species. Camelina sativa is an oil crop and produces camalexin from IAOx. We enhanced IAOx production in Camelina by overexpressing Arabidopsis CYP79B2 which encodes an IAOx-producing enzyme. The overexpression of AtCYP79B2 results in increased auxin content and its associated morphological phenotypes in Camelina but indole glucosinolates were not detected in Camelina wild type as well as the overexpression lines. However, phenylpropanoid contents were reduced in AtCYP79B2 overexpression lines suggesting a link between aldoxime metabolism and phenylpropanoid production. Interestingly, the expression of PALs was not affected in the overexpression lines although PAL activity was reduced. To test if PAL degradation is involved in the crosstalk, we identified F-box genes functioning in PAL degradation through a phylogenetic study. A total of 459 transcript models encoding kelch-motifs were identified from the Camelina sativa database. Among them, the expression of CsKFBs involved in PAL degradation is up-regulated in the transgenic lines. Our results suggest a link between aldoxime metabolism and phenylpropanoid production in Camelina and that the molecular mechanism behind the crosstalk is conserved in Arabidopsis and Camelina.
7. ASSOCIATION OF SELF-REPORTED QUALITY OF CARE MEASURES AND BURNOUT: AN INVESTIGATION FROM THE PEDIATRIC RESIDENT BURNOUT-RESILIENCE STUDY CONSORTIUM

Background The Pediatric Resident Burnout-Resilience Study Consortium (PRB-RSC), established in 2015, is committed to studying the epidemiology, natural history, and impact of interventions designed to address burnout and improve resilience in pediatric residents. Annual surveys demonstrate a prevalence of burnout of 40-55% over the last 4 years. Previous regional work has shown an association between resident burnout and sub-optimal patient care. Design/Methods The PRB-RSC distributed the annual survey to pediatric residents in participating programs in the spring of 2019. Data was de-identified, collected and maintained by the Association of Pediatric Program Directors’ Longitudinal Educational Assessment Research Network. Residents were classified as burned out on the basis of a 2-item screen for emotional exhaustion/depersonalization. An ordinal mixed effects generalized additive model regression was used to examine the effect of burnout on reported quality of care behaviors. For the ten behaviors queried, perceived stress scale (PSS), cognitive and affective mindfulness scale (CAMSR), and overall quality of life score (QOL) were compared between those with recent ( 12 months) poor quality behaviors reported. Results A total of 46 pediatric programs participated in the 2019 PRB-RSC survey, with an overall response rate of 62% (n=1648). The recency of reported sub-optimal behaviors between those with and without burnout is shown in the Figure. After controlling for training year, age, male gender, white race, program size and region, and clustering of learners in programs, each p-value is Conclusion(s) In this national survey, pediatric resident burnout is associated with sub-optimal care delivery, while recent experience with sub-optimal care is associated with higher stress, lower mindfulness, and decreased overall QOL.
Voice-Related Quality of Life Is Associated with Postoperative Change in Subglottic Stenosis

Objectives To characterize the impact of subglottic stenosis (SGS) on voice-related quality of life (V-RQOL) and quantify the effect of treatment on voice outcomes. Study design Case series. Methods Retrospective review of SGS patients treated from 1996 to 2018 at a single institution to assess for 1) V-RQOL association with individual patient cumulative treatment number and 2) V-RQOL correlation with treatment type, time between treatments, and degree of stenosis. Analysis included both parametric and nonparametric statistical comparison across treatment types and multivariable and univariate linear regression. Results Sixty-one patients, predominantly white (93%) and female (93%), were included. Etiology of SGS included idiopathic (61%), iatrogenic (16%), granulomatosis with polyangiitis (16%), and other (7%). The plurality of patients had four or more treatments (44%), with the remainder having one (28%), two (13%), or three treatments (15%). Analysis of change between pre- and postoperative V-RQOL scores was completed for 130 treatments. These included dilation with laser incision (52%), in-office injection (34%), dilation without division (8%), cricotracheal resection (1%), and all other treatment (8%). For every 10% improvement in airway caliber postoperatively, there was a 1.3-point improvement in calculated V-RQOL (r = 0.27, P = .02). After adjustment for treatment type, age, sex, and SGS etiology, this association held (beta = 1.5, P = .02). Change in V-RQOL was not associated with treatment type, treatment number, or time between treatments. Conclusion Patients with subglottic stenosis who have greater degree of change in airway caliber experience greater improvement in V-RQOL scores following treatment. V-RQOL scores are not associated with treatment type or time between individual treatments. Level of evidence 4 Laryngoscope, 131:360-365, 2021.
Multi-scale modeling of macrophage-T cell interactions within the tumor microenvironment

Within the tumor microenvironment, macrophages exist in an immunosuppressive state, preventing T cells from eliminating the tumor. Due to this, research is focusing on immunotherapies that specifically target macrophages in order to reduce their immunosuppressive capabilities and promote T cell function. In this study, we develop an agent-based model consisting of the interactions between macrophages, T cells, and tumor cells to determine how the immune response changes due to three macrophage-based immunotherapeutic strategies: macrophage depletion, recruitment inhibition, and macrophage reeducation. We find that reeducation, which converts the macrophages into an immune-promoting phenotype, is the most effective strategy and that the macrophage recruitment rate and tumor proliferation rate (tumor-specific properties) have large impacts on therapy efficacy. We also employ a novel method of using a neural network to reduce the computational complexity of an intracellular signaling mechanistic model.
Beating Them with Their Own Stick-Tick Uses Amidase of Bacterial Origin as Part of Its Immune Arsenal.

Summary As vectors of microbial diseases in vertebrates, ticks are excellent at regulating bacterial proliferation in and around them. In a recent issue of Cell, Hayes et al. (2020) reveal acarid toxins of bacterial origin that help eliminate microbes that are pathogenic to black-legged ticks but commensal to their vertebrate hosts.
Macrophage activating syndrome causing decompensated right heart failure.

Abstract Background Macrophage activating syndrome (MAS) is a form of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), a rare complication of autoimmune disease that is characterized by cytokine storm and multiorgan failure. Case summary A 32-year-old male presented with acutely decompensated pulmonary arterial hypertension and right heart failure secondary to MAS. The patient was immediately started on inhaled and intravenous epoprostenol, vasopressors and dexamethasone and anakinra were administered. Despite the therapies given, the patient's condition continued to decline, and he was placed on veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) support. Over a few days, his clinical condition improved, and he was decannulated from VA-ECMO and later transitioned oral treprositinil and was discharged home. Due to its non-specific clinical manifestations, the diagnosis of MAS depends on high clinical suspicion and initial laboratory work up such as thrombocytopenia, transaminitis, hyperferritinemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypofibrinogenemia, etc. In our patient, MAS led to decompensated Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) leading to right heart failure that was refractory to inhaled and intravenous epoprostenol and vasopressors and required VA-ECMO as a bridge to recovery while his MAS was managed by anakinra and dexamethasone. Conclusion MAS can result in acute decompensation of PAH and right heart failure. Besides RV failure management, immunosuppressants such as anakinra, etoposide, etc. should be utilized early in the management of MAS. In refractory right heart failure, VA-ECMO can be considered as a bridge to recovery. There is a paucity of literature supporting the utilization of VA-ECMO in the management of refractory right heart failure caused by MAS in adults and much of the data stems from pediatric studies. This case serves as a fine example of successful use of VA-ECMO in adult population.
Classroom Instruction: Medical Students' Attitudes Toward LGBTQI+ Patients.

The Association of American Medical Colleges declared it essential that medical students receive instruction on the health needs of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, questioning, and intersex (LGBTQI+) individuals. The integration of LGBTQI+ health and instruction in medical curricula, however, is scant. A pre-post confidential survey study was completed by first-year medical students (N = 103; 85% response rate) in the context of classroom instruction. The California State University Northbridge instrument assessed students' perspectives on LGBTQI+ Patient-Care, Comfort with LGBTQI+ Patient Interactions, Gender and Sexuality, Civil Rights, and LGBTQI+ Education. Post-instruction, students reported a significant increase in understanding of bisexuality (p = .02), being transgender (p = .006), and LGBTQI+ couples' adoption rights (p = .003). The findings support the incorporation of LGBTQI+ instruction into medical curricula and suggest that educators may consider consulting pre-intervention data before teaching LGBTQI+ health content, which would allow material to be tailored toward learner-specific needs.
Convolutional Neural Network of Multiparametric MRI Accurately Detects Axillary Lymph Node Metastasis in Breast Cancer Patients With Pre Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy.

Abstract Background Accurate assessment of the axillary lymph nodes (aLNs) in breast cancer patients is essential for prognosis and treatment planning. Current radiological staging of nodal metastasis has poor accuracy. This study aimed to investigate the machine learning convolutional neural networks (CNNs) on multiparametric MRI to detect nodal metastasis with 18FDG-PET as ground truths. Materials and Methods Data were obtained via a retrospective search. Inclusion criteria were patients with bilateral breast MRI and 18FDG-PETand/or CT scans obtained before neoadjuvant chemotherapy. In total, 238 aLNs were obtained from 56 breast cancer patients with 18FDG-PET and/or CT and breast MRI data. Radiologists scored each node based on all MRI as diseased and non–diseased nodes. Five models were built using T1-W MRI, T2-W MRI, DCE MRI, T1-W + T2-W MRI, and DCE + T2-W MRI model. Performance was evaluated using receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis, including area under the curve (AUC). Results All CNN models yielded similar performance with an accuracy ranging from 86.08% to 88.50% and AUC ranging from 0.804 to 0.882. The CNN model using T1-W MRI performed better than that using T2-W MRI in detecting nodal metastasis. CNN model using combined T1- and T2-W MRI performed the best compared to all other models (accuracy = 88.50%, AUC = 0.882), but similar in AUC to the DCE + T2-W MRI model (accuracy = 88.02%, AUC = 0.880). All CNN models performed better than radiologists in detecting nodal metastasis (accuracy = 65.8%). Conclusion xxxxxx
A Soulless World

“A Soulless World” In this chapter, Lorkowski continues the argument for a naturalistic worldview by defending a depiction of the human mind as a mere brain as preferable to dualist views of a spirit controlling a brain. The author does this in three parts, first showing that the dualist view should not be the default, as it cannot adequately explain physical phenomena impacting consciousness. Lorkowski then shows that standard worries regarding a purely physical consciousness are not as problematic as they seem before turning to three kinds of evidence in favor of the naturalist view—evidence from intuitiveness, from neuroscientific findings, and from the explanatory power of such a view.
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: Examining Mycosis Fungoides and Sézary Syndrome in the Context of Oncology Nursing

Background Mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome are the most common non-Hodgkin lymphomas that manifest primarily in the skin. Although early-stage disease has an excellent long-term survival rate, advanced disease carries a poor survival rate. Given the lengthy and complex clinical course, nurses are at the forefront of education and supportive care management for patients and caregivers. Objectives This article aims to provide an overview of mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome and to highlight practice considerations for optimal nursing care. Methods Clinical presentation, diagnosis, management, and nursing consideration are discussed. Findings Oncology nurses have a vital role in educating patients and their caregivers about the side effects of cancer treatment, appropriate skin care, and infection risk.
Quantifying the robustness of a broth-based Escherichia coli O157:H7 growth model in ground beef.

The robustness of a microbial growth model must be assessed before the model can be applied to new food matrices; therefore, a methodology for quantifying robustness was developed. A robustness index (RI) was computed as the ratio of the standard error of prediction to the standard error of calibration for a given model, where the standard error of calibration was defined as the root mean square error of the growth model against the data (log CFU per gram versus time) used to parameterize the model and the standard error of prediction was defined as the root mean square error of the model against an independent data set. This technique was used to evaluate the robustness of a broth-based model for aerobic growth of Escherichia coli O157:H7 (in the U.S Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Pathogen Modeling Program) in predicting growth in ground beef under different conditions. Comparison against previously published data (132 data sets with 1,178 total data points) from experiments in g...
Concerning the Location of Magnetopause Merging

A wide array of remote and in situ observations indicate that magnetic merging is the dominant mode of solar wind-magnetospheric interaction at the dayside magnetopause. Magnetic merging could be either patchy and localized or widespread and steady. Component merging models predict merging near the subsolar point, whereas antiparallel merging models predict merging in the vicinity of the magnetospheric cusps. In this paper, we review relevant high-altitude observations of the magnetopause, and low-altitude and ground observations of the cusp to determine the predominant location of magnetic merging. We suggest that the observations provide strong evidence for continuous and patchy, sporadic merging in the vicinity of the cusps, i.e., that they support the antiparallel merging model.