cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Phenomenon of Conglomerate Crystallization. XVII. Clavic Dissymmetry in Coordination Compounds. XV. The Effect of the Charge Compensating Ions on the Phenomenon of Conglomerate Crystallization

Abstract In this report, we discuss the effect of the counter ion on the crystallization behaviour of chiral ions which may produce racemic or conglomerate crystals. We demonstrate that the counter ion is often capable of influencing the crystallization pathway and provide examples of substances in which the same chiral ion produces enantiomorphic crystals or racemic crystals depending on the nature of the counter ion. Moreover, we demonstrate that the crystal structures of such species amply demonstrate the reasons for such differences in crystallization pathway. In the species selected for the illustrations, the underlying phenomenon being influenced by the choice of counter ion is hydrogen bonding. This summary provides examples of counter ion pairs as varied as halides vs NO3 −, halides vs NO2 −, K+1 vs Ag+, etc., influencing the choice of crystallization pathway. Also, we illustrate the fact that the same ion (i.e., NO3 −) can play either a positive or a negative role in such a selection.
Energy confinement and future reversed field pinches

Energy confinement within the reversed field pinch (RFP) is governed by three plasma regions: a poorly confined plasma core characterized by parallel (radial) transport and flux surfaces destroyed by m=1 tearing mode activity associated with dynamo relaxation; a medium confined edge limited by ideal pressure gradient driven modes; and a good confinement region located near the reversal layer. The good confinement region determines the global confinement characteristics of the RFP, and, if limited by resistive interchange modes, would be consistent with the Connor-Taylor scaling that has provided a good fit to international RFP results. After establishing a two parameter fit of confinement scaling to the RFP database, the scaling relation is used to project the physical characteristics of, and costs associated with, next step and ignition experiments for ohmically heated RFPs. The RFP projects to smaller and less expensive machines than the tokamak with comparable performance
Fermi surface of magnesium. I. Magnetoacoustic attenuation

Geometric resonances in the ultrasonic attenuation have been studied in magnesium for sound propagated in the three principle crystallographic directions. A total of twenty different geometric resonance branches have been obtained. The assignment of these branches to Fermi-surface calipers shows that the magnesium Fermi surface is much more free-electron-like than currently thought. Three of the first four local pseudopotential Fourier expansion coefficients are estimated from data to be 5 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ 1.0 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$, and 1.7 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ Ry for the absolute value of the [$10\overline{1}0$], [0002], and [$10\overline{1}1$] coefficients, respectively. A two orthogonalized-plane-wave model is given for the lens-shaped piece of the Fermi surface in the third Brillouin zone, and various physical properties of this model are calculated and compared with experimental data.
The Effect of Therapeutic Touch on Behavioral Symptoms and Cortisol in Persons with Dementia

Background: Between 75–90% of nursing home (NH) residents with dementia develop behavioral symptoms (BSD) which may be associated with a stress response. Therapeutic touch has been
Photoelectron imaging of small aluminum clusters: quantifying s–p hybridization

Photoelectron imaging experiments and detailed calculations are conducted on Aln− clusters (n = 3–6) and a calibration method is developed for connecting experimental observations of photoelectron angular distributions to theoretical predictions. It is shown that this method can be used to quantify the degree to which the molecular orbitals are built from s- or p-like atomic orbitals. The highest occupied molecular orbitals of these small aluminum clusters are found to contain varying degrees of s–p mixing, with Al3− containing the “most hybridized” orbital and Al4− containing the “least hybridized” orbital. It is shown experimentally that s–p hybridization is already present for the trimer species and, similar to other properties of small metal clusters, oscillates with cluster size.
Use of Electronic Medical Record–Enhanced Checklist and Electronic Dashboard to Decrease CLABSIs

OBJECTIVES: We hypothesized that a checklist enhanced by the electronic medical record and a unit-wide dashboard would improve compliance with an evidence-based, pediatric-specific catheter care bundle and decrease central line–associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI). METHODS: We performed a cohort study with historical controls that included all patients with a central venous catheter in a 24-bed PICU in an academic children’s hospital. Postintervention CLABSI rates, compliance with bundle elements, and staff perceptions of communication were evaluated and compared with preintervention data. RESULTS: CLABSI rates decreased from 2.6 CLABSIs per 1000 line-days before intervention to 0.7 CLABSIs per 1000 line-days after intervention. Analysis of specific bundle elements demonstrated increased daily documentation of line necessity from 30% to 73% ( P P = .003), increased compliance with cap changes from 87% to 93% ( P P P = .001). Changes in the care plan were made during review of the electronic medical record checklist on 39% of patient rounds episodes. CONCLUSIONS: Use of an electronic medical record–enhanced CLABSI prevention checklist coupled with a unit-wide real-time display of adherence was associated with increased compliance with evidence-based catheter care and sustained decrease in CLABSI rates. These data underscore the potential for computerized interventions to promote compliance with proven best practices and prevent patient harm.
Identifying preferred habitats of samango monkeys (Cercopithecus (nictitans) mitis erythrarchus) through patch use

To examine habitat preferences of two groups of samango monkeys (Cercopithecus (nictitans) mitis erythrarchus) in the Soutpansberg, South Africa, we used experimental food patches in fragments of tall forest and in bordering secondary growth short forest. Additionally, to test for the impacts of group cohesion and movement on habitat use, we tested for the interaction of space and time in our analyses of foraging intensity in the experimental food patches placed throughout the home ranges of the two groups. We expected the monkeys to harvest the most from patches in tall forest habitats and the least from patches in short forest. Further, because the monkeys move through their habitats in groups, we expected to see group cohesion effects illustrated by daily spatial variation in the monkeys’ use of widespread foraging grids. In the forest height experiments, the two groups differed in their foraging responses, with 8% greater foraging overall for one group. However, forest height did not significantly impact foraging in either group, meaning that, given feeding opportunities, samango monkeys are able to utilise secondary growth forest. For one group, missed opportunity costs of staying with the group appeared through the statistical interaction of day with foraging location (the monkeys did not always spread out to take advantage of all available food patches). In several subsequent experiments in widespread grids, significant daily spatial variation in foraging occurred, pointing to spatial cohesion during group movement as likely being an important predictor of habitat use. For an individual social forager, staying with the group may be more important than habitat type in driving habitat selection.
Visions of National Service

While national service enjoys broad support across the political spectrum, the actual goals of programs such as AmeriCorps remain somewhat amorphous. Based on a set of interviews with both experienced. practitioners and key thought leaders in the field, four competing visions of national service are detailed. The article suggests that national service has alternatively been seen as a way to promote an active and engaged citizenship, accelerate the personal growth of the young people in the programs, build social capital in communities, and meet critical social needs through public work. These four competing visions can and do coexist in practice, which helps to explain the widespread and enduring popularity of the idea of national service in America.
Tabletop, Ultrahigh-Intensity Lasers: Dawn of Nonlinear Relativistic Optics

By driving electrons in the relativistic regime, the table-top terawatt (T3) laser has given nonlinear optics a second wind, with applications in particle beam, nuclear, astrophysics, and nonlinear quantum electrodynamics.
The correlation coefficient and the goodness of fit in source localization of noise recorded by magnetoencephalography

We recorded magnetic field activity to evaluate the specificity of the correlation coefficient and the goodness of fit in source localization. Magnetic noise was recorded (bandpass 1–200 Hz) with a 37-channel magnetometer with and without a subject present in a magnetically shielded room. After averaging of the recorded epochs, the data were subjected to a single equivalent current dipole algorithm. The correlation coefficient and the goodnesses of fit were computed for each dipole fit. The number of high correlations and high goodnesses of fit was determined. In recordings without a subject present the averaged original data never achieved a correlation higher than 0.70 and a goodness of fit higher than 0.85. After more restrictive filtering (bandpass 1–20 Hz) there was a significant increase for both correlation and goodness of fit. In recordings with a subject present (but not receiving external stimulation) the correlation and the goodness of fit for the averaged original data reached 0.96 and 0.97; after filtering, both measures reached values greater than or equal to 0.99. The results of this study indicate that both the correlation coefficient and the goodness of fit lack the specificity to distinguish stimulus-related brain activity from background noise.
Isolation and Characterization of a Human Amnion Epithelial Cell Line That Expresses the Pregnancy-Specific β1-Glycoprotein Gene*

Human pregnancy-specific β1-glycoprotein (PSG) is a family of closely related glycoproteins of 72K, 64K, 62K, and 54K. Together with the carcinoembryonic antigen, they form new members of the immunoglobulin superfamily. To study the molecular mechanisms that regulate expression of the PSG gene, we established a human amnion cell line, HAA58OD- 8C, immortalized with an origin-defective simian virus-40 (SV40) temperature-sensitive A58 mutant virus. HAA58OD-8C cells were temperature sensitive for maintenance of transformation and expressed genes encoding PSG and the α- and β-subunits of hCG. At the permissive temperature (33 C; transformed phenotype), they expressed low levels of PSG, hCGα, and hCGβ mRNAs and synthesized low levels of a 48K PSG polypeptide. At the nonpermissive temperature (39.5 C), HAA58OD-8C cells exhibited a differentiated phenotype, expressed increased levels of PSG, hCGα, and hCGβ mRNAs, and produced high levels of PSG polypeptides of 72K and 48K. Sodium butyrate induced PSG mRNA expres...
Impacts from Using Knowledge: A Longitudinal Study from a Nuclear Power Plant

AbstrAct This is a longitudinal case study that explored the relationship between use of organizational memory and knowledge, knowledge management, and knowledge worker productivity within the engineering group at a nuclear power plant. Three data points were taken over 5 years. The group used a knowledge management system (KMS) and it was found that the system improved effectiveness/productivity of the organization. The organization had not identified measures for determining productivity improvements, so the key results of the case study are models showing the impact of knowledge use on productivity.Keywords: knowledge management; knowledge management systems; organizational memory; orga-nizational learning; productivity IntroductIon This article explores the impact of using knowledge on the productivity in an engineer-ing organization at a nuclear power plant. Intuitively, knowledge management (KM) re-searchers believe in the proposition that reusing knowledge will lead to improved organizational performance; however, while there is abundant anecdotal evidence to support this proposition, finding empirical evidence to support this propo-sition is difficult. Additionally, while the KM research community is generating KM success and effectiveness models, many of which in-clude impacts on organizations and individuals, we are not doing a good job generating models to explain how this impact improves organiza-tional or individual performance. This article looks at an engineering orga-nization over several years and presents results that answer this key research question: does reuse of knowledge lead to greater productiv-ity, by showing that the reuse of knowledge results in improved individual and organiza-tional productivity/performance. Additionally, models are presented to show how the reuse of knowledge improves individual and organiza-tional performance.
Imaging of pleural masses: Which to choose?—Republished article

Summary The differential diagnosis of pleural masses is limited. Asbestos-related disease and invasive bronchogenic carcinoma make up the majority of cases. The diagnostic yield of biopsies is low, and invasive procedures are often required to achieve diagnosis. A variety of imaging techniques are available to help differentiate between benign and malignant disease to help discern which patients to biopsy. While computed tomography has a relatively good sensitivity and specificity, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) both appear to have higher accuracy. MRI has the added benefit of being an excellent aid in determining surgical resectability of tumors. MRI and PET are limited, however, by their cost and availability in certain regions.
Relational aggression in college students: Examining the roles of social anxiety and empathy

This study examined the unique contributions of social anxiety and empathy to relational aggression in 300 19-to-25-year-old (M = 21.25; SD = 1.32) male (n = 97) and female (n = 203) college students using hierarchical linear regression analysis. The interactive relations between gender and social anxiety, and between gender and empathy, were also assessed. In addition to the gender and overt aggression covariates, fear of negative evaluation and perspective taking were unique predictors of relational aggression. Males, students who were more overtly aggressive, and those who reported greater fear of negative evaluation were more relationally aggressive than were peers. Students with higher levels of perspective taking reported using less relational aggression than did peers. A gender x empathetic concern interaction indicated that for males only, lower levels of empathetic concern were associated with higher levels of relational aggression. Results are discussed within a social information-processing perspective.
Compulsory Premarital Screening for HIV

To the Editor. —Cleary et al 1 argue strongly against compulsory premarital screening for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositivity. Yet in citing an economic rationale, they rest their excellent technical and public health analysis on false grounds. According to Cleary et al, "the financial and opportunity costs of a national screening program would be enormous, probably exceeding $100 million annually." This expenditure is expected to prevent the transmission of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) to 1150 adults and 250 newborns, "a small yield" in the authors' words. The weakness of their economic argument is exposed by proceeding to calculate a cost-benefit analysis. The most rigorous economic analysis presented so far calculates that this disease costs society more than $240 000 per victim. 2 It follows that the net benefit associated with the compulsory screening program detailed by Cleary et al is a savings of more than $160 000 for every life
Interdependence in American Society and Commitment to the Common Good

Starting with a discussion of the religious dimension of national purpose in America, this article examines the concept of American civil religion and the emergence of individualism as a fundamental aspect of American identity. It then examines recent history, looking at two social revolutions that America has gone through in recent decades—Woodstock and Wall Street. Following these revolutions, Americans are now more individually confident yet distrustful of institutions than ever before. The result is an imbalance toward self-oriented civic attitudes and away from interdependence in civil society. Using the metaphor of languages, I argue that in order to restore balance and collective responsibility in American society, we need civic education to focus more on the language and practice of social interdependence. Young people need to be educated for civil discourse and collective action more so than they have been in recent decades.
Informal Relations from Democratic Representation to Corruption. Case Studies from Central and Eastern Europe

Zdenka Mansfeldova & Heiko Pleines (eds) Stuttgart: Ibidem Verlag, 2011, 311pp., €34.90 p/b The turbulence of institutional power is one of the most challenging and critical issues transitional soc...
IN VITRO ACTIVITY OF RP 59500, A SEMISYNTHETIC INJECTABLE PRISTINAMYCIN, AGAINST STAPHYLOCOCCI, STREPTOCOCCI, AND ENTEROCOCCI

The in vitro activity of RP 59500, a semisynthetic pristinamycin, was compared with the activities of vancomycin, oxacillin, ampicillin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, and rifampin against five Staphylococcus species, five Streptococcus species, and four Enterococcus species. For staphylococci, MICs were 0.13 to 1 microgram/ml and the MICs for 90% of the strains tested (MIC90s) were 0.13 to 0.5 microgram/ml; there were no differences between oxacillin-susceptible and -resistant strains. For streptococci, MICs were 0.03 to 4 micrograms/ml and MIC90s were 0.25 to 2 micrograms/ml; viridans group streptococci were the least susceptible streptococci. For enterococci, MICs were 0.25 to 32 micrograms/ml and MIC90s were 2 to 4 micrograms/ml; Enterococcus faecalis was the least susceptible. Vancomycin was the only comparative drug with consistent activity against all species of gram-positive cocci. With RP 59500, raising the inoculum 100-fold, lowering the pH of cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth to 5.5, or omitting cation supplementation had little effect on MICs, but 50% serum increased MICs 2 to 4 dilution steps. The differences between MBCs and MICs were greater for staphylococci and enterococci than for streptococci. Time-kill studies with 24 strains indicated that RP 59500 concentrations 2-, 4-, and 16-fold greater than the MICs usually killed bacteria of each species at similar rates; reductions in CFU per milliliter were less than those observed with oxacillin or vancomycin against staphylococci and less than those observed with ampicillin against enterococci. RP 59500 antagonized the bactericidal activities of oxacillin and gentamicin against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 and that of ampicillin against E. faecalis ATCC 29212. Against the latter, combination with gentamicin was indifferent. RP 59500 has a broad spectrum of in vitro activity against gram-positive cocci; combining it with other drugs is not advantageous.
A functionally active human F1F0 ATPase can be purified by immunocapture from heart tissue and fibroblast cell lines. Subunit structure and activity studies.

Abstract Human mitochondrial F1F0 ATP synthase was isolated with a one-step immunological approach, using a monoclonal antibody against F1 in a 96-well microplate activity assay system, to establish a method for fast high throughput screening of inhibitors, toxins, and drugs with very small amounts of enzyme. For preparative purification, mitochondria from human heart tissue as well as cultured fibroblasts were solubilized with dodecyl-β-d-maltoside, and the F1F0 was isolated with anti-F1 monoclonal antibody coupled to protein G-agarose beads. The immunoprecipitated F1F0 contained a full complement of subunits that were identified with specific antibodies against five of the subunits (α, β, OSCP, d,and IF1) and by MALDI-TOF and/or LC/MS/MS for all subunits except subunit c, which could not be resolved by these methods because of the limits of detection. Microscale immunocapture of F1F0 from detergent-solubilized mitochondria or whole cell fibroblast extracts was performed using anti-F1monoclonal antibody immobilized on 96-well microplates. The captured complex V displayed ATP hydrolysis activity that was fully oligomycin and inhibitor protein IF1-sensitive. Moreover, IF1 could be co-isolated with F1F0when the immunocapture procedure was carried out at pH 6.5 but was absent when the ATP synthase was isolated at pH 8.0. Immunocaptured F1F0 lacking IF1 could be inhibited by more than 90% by addition of recombinant inhibitor protein, and conversely, F1F0 containing IF1could be activated more than 10-fold by brief exposure to pH 8.0, inducing the release of inhibitor protein. With this microplate system an ATP hydrolysis assay of complex V could be carried out with as little as 10 ng of heart mitochondria/well and as few as 3 × 104 cells/well from fibroblast cultures. The system is therefore suitable to screen patient-derived samples for alterations in amount or functionality of both the F1F0 ATPase and IF1.
Express Method for the Evaluation of the Effect of Corrosion of Reinforcement on the Integrity of Reinforced Concrete

We describe the method and laboratory facilities for the investigation of reinforced-concrete specimens whose integrity is violated by the rapid corrosion of reinforcement. A cylindrical concrete specimen with central steel rod and an anodic potential applied to this rod is held in a corrosive environment. The corrosion rate of the rod is increased due to its polarization and the corrosion products wedge the concrete specimen from inside. As a result, after a certain period of time the specimen suffers cracking. The proposed method includes recording corrosion currents during the experiment, which enables us to estimate the intensity of corrosion.
Production of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid from serotonin by cultured endothelial cells.

Endothelial cells cells from bovine aorta and human umbilical vein and fibroblasts from human foreskin were cultured and subsequently evaluated for ability to metabolize serotonin (5-HT) to 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA). Cells were incubated for three hours with 4 X 10(-6) M [14C] 5-HT creatinine sulfate. [14C] 5-HIAA was separated from labeled 5-HT by column chromatography and measured for scintillation counting. Production of 5-HIAA by bovine aorta cells was 39.0+/-7.5 (S.E.M., n=6) nmoles per 10(9) cells per hour. Production of 5-HIAA was markedly inhibited by the presence of 10(-4) M iproniazid (an inhibitor of monoamine oxidase) or 10(-4) M imipramine (an inhibitor of amine transport). 5-HIAA was the only product of 5-HT metabolism detected by thin layer chromatography. Production of 5-HIAA by human umbilical vein endothelial cells was 5.4+/-2.0 nmoles per 10(9) cells per hour (n=5) and by human foreskin fibroblasts was 3.9+/-1.4 nmoles per 10(9) cells per hour (n=5). The results obtained during incubation in the presence and absence of inhibitors indicate that bovine aorta endothelial cells maintained in tissue culture are able to transport serotonin with subsequent production of 5-HIAA. By contrast, human umbilical vein endothelial cells and fibroblasts exhibited relatively low rates of 5-HT uptake and metabolism.
Parallel ocean modeling using Glenda

This paper will discuss our use of Glenda to parallelize the ocean modeling program SWEM. Following an introduction to both SWEM and Glenda, we will describe the details of the parallelization process. We also discuss many of the problems we encountered, as well as the debugging methods we used to resolve them. Finally, we describe our test results and discuss how our model compared with another parallel version of SWEM.
Theory of the superfluid density tensor in unconventional superconductors: Impurity scattering and band-structure effects.

We consider the superfluid density tensor ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{s}$ in both singlet and triplet unconventional superconductors. We develop theoretical expressions for ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{s}$ which incorporate both band-structure effects and impurity scattering; these expressions simplify considerably in the Ginzburg-Landau region close to ${T}_{c}$. We also present the results of numerical calculations showing ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{s}$ as a function of temperature for several different unconventional order parameters.
Stability of amplified DPSK WDM transmission against Raman crosstalk effects

We investigate Raman-crosstalk-induced amplitude dynamics in amplified DPSK WDM transmission. We prove existence and stability of equilibrium states with nonzero amplitudes in all channels. Our results are confirmed by numerical simulations.
Digital integrating fiber-optic gyroscope with electronic phase tracking.

A novel demodulation scheme for interferometers with optical phase modulation is described. The optical phase shift is measured by mixing a train of square digital pulses with a photodetector current and adjusting the pulse spacing by using an electronic closed loop. The optical phase shift is tracked with deviation less than 0.007 rad, which can be easily corrected by using a look-up table. An experimental optically open-loop fiberoptic gyroscope that uses this demodulation shows a linear scale factor in good agreement with theory.
The sorption behavior of SO2 on ice at temperatures between −30°C and −5°C

Laboratory experiments explored the sorption behavior of SO2 on ice between the temperatures of −30 and −5°C and with SO2 mixing ratios of 15 to 95 ppb. The time-dependent data show clear evidence of two distinct exponential time constants and a dependence on SO2 concentration. The equilibrium amount of SO2 retained by the ice, determined by integration of the kinetic data, was found to increase strongly with temperature. The experimental results may be interpreted in terms of a disordered surface region which increases in thickness with temperature, enlarging the storage reservoir and generating the observed temperature dependence.
Use of Total Coliform Test for Watershed Monitoring with Respect to Atypicals

A 2-year study was conducted on the relationships between atypical colonies (AC) from total coliform (TC) tests and other bacterial indicators of water quality in a watershed mainly impacted by agricultural and urban animals. Eight representative sites were monitored for TC, feel coliforms (FC) and coliphage (CP) concentrations. Sampling sites included those impacted by raw sewage, agricultural runoff, urban runoff, and a mixture of urban and agricultural runoff. AC were found to be composed of coliforms (about 27%), noncoliforms (37%), and Aeromonas (36%). There was a clear pattern among the atypical concentrations, fecal pollution sources, and pollution levels. Correlation analyses found the densities of AC to be well associated with the densities of FC and not well associated with total CP (RFC = 0.796 and RCP = 0.575, respectively). A reference index defined as the ratio of AC to CP correlated well with degree of fecal pollution known to impact the sites. Results suggest that AC from TC tests using th...
Factors Affecting Adults' Attitudes toward School Desegregation

Summary This study examined how race and different degrees of involvement with a court-ordered school desegregation program affected adults' attitudes. Black and white adult men and women (N = 262), in bussed and non-bussed areas were questioned at their homes by same-race interviewers. Blacks displayed more positive attitudes toward desegregation on seven of the nine items. Generally, whether the respondent had a child in school or not, whether the child was in an elementary or a secondary school, and whether the child was bussed or not did not affect the adults' desegregation attitudes.
Provider Perspectives on Integrating Primary and Behavioral Health: A Report from the High Plains Research Network

Background: Integrated primary care, a health care delivery model that combines medical and behavioral health services, provides better patient access to care at a lower cost, with better outcomes compared with usual nonintegrated care models. The perspectives of primary care providers (PCPs) and behavioral health care providers (BHPs) toward integration are especially valuable because their input and endorsement are key to successful and sustained integration. However, there is little research assessing or comparing PCP and BHP perspectives on integration, especially in rural areas. The objective of this study was to identify rural PCP and BHP perspectives on integration. Methods: Written and electronic surveys were distributed to PCPs and BHPs in the High Plains Research Network in rural eastern Colorado. Items included perspectives on improving behavioral health care, barriers to integration, and confidence in the ability to integrate primary and behavioral care. Results: Surveys were completed by 88 PCPs (60%), and 49 BHPs (63%), for an overall response rate of 61%. PCPs were significantly more likely than BHPs to prefer improving referral methods (odds ratio [OR], 2.2; P = .03) and significantly less likely to prefer colocation (OR, 0.2; P Conclusions: Important differences of perspective exist between rural PCPs and BHPs regarding the best ways to improve behavioral health care, barriers to integration, and the achievability of integration. These differences may have important implications for rural communities and health care systems considering a transition to an integrated primary care model.
Single center experience of a vancomycin resistant enterococcal endocarditis cohort.

Summary Objectives Vancomycin resistant enterococcus (VRE) infective endocarditis (IE) is an increasing nosocomial problem. We describe the clinical management and outcomes of a cohort of patients with VRE IE at a tertiary endocarditis referral center. Methods Retrospective review of all proven cases of VRE IE, from July 2000 through January 2008 was performed. Demographics, comorbidities and therapeutic details were collected and analyzed to assess for risk factors and clinical outcomes. Results Fifty cases of VRE IE were identified: 26 (52%) were Enterococcus faecium and 24 were Enterococcus faecalis . Vancomycin resistant E. faecalis IE was associated with the presence of a central venous line, liver transplantation, and mitral valve infection while VR E. faecium IE was significantly associated with tricuspid valve infection ( p =0.03). The median duration of bacteremia was 14 days for E. faecium and 4 days for E. faecalis , respectively ( p =0.002). Factors associated with mortality on bivariate analysis were hemodialysis via a catheter with VR E. faecium (OR=11.7. CI 1.1–122, p =0.02) and liver transplantation with both species. Combination antimicrobial therapy (OR=0.5 CI=0.06–3.2, p =0.1) and valve surgery (OR 1.3 CI 0.8–20, p =0.02) trended toward improved survival with E. faecalis on bivariate analysis. On multivariate analysis, none of the associations were significant. Conclusions Hemodialysis and liver transplantation were factors associated with acquisition of VRE IE. There was a higher mortality and prolonged bacteremia with VR E. faecium IE than VR E. faecalis IE. Although not significant, combination antimicrobial therapy and surgical intervention trended toward improved survival.
The 58-kDa Cellular Inhibitor of the Double Stranded RNA-dependent Protein Kinase Requires the Tetratricopeptide Repeat 6 and DnaJ Motifs to Stimulate Protein Synthesis in Vivo

Double stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) is a double stranded RNA-activated, interferon-induced serine-threonine kinase that participates in both the antiviral and antiproliferative properties of interferon. We previously found that influenza virus inhibited PKR function by recruiting or activating a cellular inhibitor termed P58(IPK). The present study was undertaken to complement our earlier analyses, which demonstrated that P58(IPK) efficiently inhibited PKR autophosphorylation and activity in vitro. We now report that P58(IPK) down-regulates PKR and, in turn, stimulates protein synthetic rates inside the cell. Using transfection analysis, we show that P58(IPK) stimulates translation of secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase reporter gene mRNA. Furthermore, we found that at least two regions of the P58(IPK) molecule were required for PKR inhibitory activity in COS-1 cells: (i) the DnaJ similarity region at the carboxyl terminus (amino acids 391-504); and (ii) the tetratricopeptide repeat 6 (TPR6) domain (amino acids 222-255) located in the middle of the P58(IPK) protein and within the eukaryotic protein synthesis initiation factor 2alpha homology region. P58(IPK) variants lacking either one of these regions were unable to stimulate secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase protein synthetic rates. Consistent with this data is the observation that the DeltaTPR6 mutant (the P58(IPK) variant lacking the TPR6 motif) failed to block PKR activity in vitro. Based on these data and our earlier in vitro functional and PKR-P58(IPK) binding analyses, a revised model of PKR regulation by P58(IPK) is presented.
Patient self-management: a key to effectiveness and efficiency in care of chronic disease.

Halsted Holman, MDa The present health care system is neither effective nor efficient. The dominant Kate Lorig RN DrPH3 reason for this is a contradiction between the principle problem confronting the system?chronic disease?and the system's methods of operating, which were designed for acute disease. Resolution of the contradiction requires a different practice of health care, with new roles for the patients, for physicians and other health professionals, and for health services. Until the middle of the last century, acute disease was the major health problem in the United States. Then chronic disease began to emerge as the central health care issue. Now, chronic disease is the major cause of disability, the principle reason why patients visit physicians, and the reason for 70% of health care expenditures.1,2 The present health care system, designed early in the last century to cope with acute disease, did not change when chronic disease became the major issue. As a consequence, discontinuity and fragmen tation of care are widespread. Technology is often applied unnecessarily. Com munity and home-based care are poorly developed. Costs mount without obvi ous commensurate benefits for patients. And a large segment of the population is unable to obtain appropriate health care. Why is this so? The answer begins to emerge when we examine the differ ences between acute and chronic disease, as outlined in Tables 1 and 2. Among the many differences, the most crucial are: There is no cure for chronic disease; instead, management over time is essential.
Examples of the Use of Molecular Markers in Biogeographic Research

The recent development of a number of molecular markers has provided new approaches to the analysis of biogeographic patterns and underlying evolutionary processes. After a brief overview of selected molecular markers, we discuss lines of biogeographic inquiry involving genetic analysis where geographers can potentially make the greatest contribution. Examples from our own genetically-based biogeographic research are provided. These include examination of spatial patterns of genetic variation, inferences about paleoenvironmental conditions, determination of evolutionary relationships, and analysis of genetic effects of human activity.
America's Urban Crisis a Decade After the Los Angeles Riots

The Los Angeles Times published a weeklong series of front-page articles reviewing the day the riots erupted, assessing contemporary conditions in the riot corridor, and examining the current state of race relations in America’s most racially diverse city. Reporters interviewed academic experts, community activists, ordinary residents, business leaders, and others; and the paper sponsored a public opinion poll to probe how Angelenos now felt about their city. But the paper’s most telling story was buried on page 20 on the day of the anniversary,April 29. The headline was “Tax Cut Clouds Bush’s Urban Agenda.” Bush came to Los Angeles that day to speak at a church-sponsored community development center at the 1992 riot’s epicenter,South Los Angeles—an area with almost 700,000 residents, bigger than most cities. Reporters might have expected him to announce a new initiative to address the nation’s serious urban problems,but instead he simply touted his most visible urban program— encouraging urban churches to sponsor social programs such as homeless shelters,food kitchens,and drug counseling. His proposal (which has been stalled in Congress because of disagreements over federal funding for religious activities) added no funds for these worthy,though Band-Aid,efforts,but simply called for redirecting existing moneys. Also,by pushing $1.3 trillion in tax relief, mostly for the wealthy,Bush made it impossible for the federal government to provide any significant aid to the nation’s cities or to the poor.
Friis, Ronald, & Tatiana Séeligman. Doble vía: Comunicación en español. Boston: Heinle Cengage, 2012. Pp. 270. $78.95, paper. ISBN 0–49591–509–2.

A review of the book "Doble via: Comunicacion en espanol," by Ronald Friis and Tatiana Seeligman, is presented.
Utilization of keratinophilic material by selected Trichophyton terrestre spaceflight phenotypes

Phenotypic strains of Trichophyton terrestre Durie & Frey produced variations in hyphal growth patterns and conidial production when subjected to human hair collected from a single source. The strains were grown from wild type conidia irradiated in space with selected wavelengths of ultraviolet light.
Synthesis and crystal structure of a molybdenum carbonyl complex, Mo(CO)4[cyclo(Ph6P3As3)], with scrambled phosphorus/arsenic identities obtained from a perfectly alternating phosphorus-arsenic heterocycle, 1,3,5-tris(phenylphospha)-2,4,6-tris(phenylarsa)cyclohexane, [cyclo(Ph6P3As3)]

1,3,5-Tris(phenylphospha)-2,4,6-tris(phenylarsa)cyclohexane, cyclo (Ph 6 As 3 P 3 ), whose perfectly alternating pnictogen structure was determined by the absence of direct P-P coupling in NMR spectra, reacts with Mo(CO) 6 at 80 °C to form a complex, Mo(CO) 4 [ c -(Ph 6 As 3 P 3 )], containing completely scrambled phenylpnictidene units. The structure of the complex has been crystallographically determined: monoclinic, P 2 1 / n , a =11.756(3), b =22.691(9), c =14.777 A, β=99.89(2)°, V =3883.5(22) A 3 , Z =4, R F =5.66%. The original chair conformation of the heterocycle is converted to a twist-boat form in the product, but the presence of concentrated phosphorus character in the 1 and 4 positions coordinated to Mo indicates that ring-opening and ring-scrambling equilibria preceded complex formation.
Nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shift of the water proton in aqueous tetrabutylammonium butyrate solutions

Water proton chemical shifts have been measured for aqueous solutions of tetrabutylammonium butyrate and tetrabutylammonium bromide as a function of salt concentration and temperature. Large, negative (downfield) salt shifts are reported for Bu4NBut solutions at temperatures below 33°C. The chemical shift becomes more negative with increasing molality up to about 0.5 m: at higher compositions, the chemical shift levels or becomes less negative. These results suggest that hydrophobic hydration cages formed under the influence of Bu4NBut have their maximum size at approximately 0.5 m and that at higher concentrations overlap of these cages must occur as suggested by earlier thermodynamic investigations. The observed downfield molal chemical shifts are much larger than those estimated from individual ionic contributions, suggesting a mutual enhancement or linking together of hydration cages even in dilute solution.
BUILDING CONNECTIONS BETWEEN A CULTURAL PRACTICE AND MODELING IN SCIENCE EDUCATION

The purpose of this study is to examine the kinds of reasoning that African American young men learn and develop when playing Spades, a common cultural practice in African American communities. The qualitative study found that the Spades players routinely consider multiple variables and their mathematical relationships when making decisions. The variables considered by the players when bidding include card strength, the number of cards held in any particular suit, player bidding tendencies, player levels of expertise, the current score of the game, and the level of confidence in one’s partner. The paper claims that the forms of reasoning explored in this study connect well to those of scientists who engage in modeling: a central practice in science. A major implication is that model-based instruction in science classrooms is akin to cultural modeling (Lee in American Educational Research Journal, 38(1), 97–141, 2001), as the pedagogy leverages the assets and resources of African American young men learned through cultural practice. Such pedagogies could therefore have a positive effect upon engagement and achievement of African American young men in science.
Drosophila IAP1-Mediated Ubiquitylation Controls Activation of the Initiator Caspase DRONC Independent of Protein Degradation

Ubiquitylation targets proteins for proteasome-mediated degradation and plays important roles in many biological processes including apoptosis. However, non-proteolytic functions of ubiquitylation are also known. In Drosophila, the inhibitor of apoptosis protein 1 (DIAP1) is known to ubiquitylate the initiator caspase DRONC in vitro. Because DRONC protein accumulates in diap1 mutant cells that are kept alive by caspase inhibition (“undead” cells), it is thought that DIAP1-mediated ubiquitylation causes proteasomal degradation of DRONC, protecting cells from apoptosis. However, contrary to this model, we show here that DIAP1-mediated ubiquitylation does not trigger proteasomal degradation of full-length DRONC, but serves a non-proteolytic function. Our data suggest that DIAP1-mediated ubiquitylation blocks processing and activation of DRONC. Interestingly, while full-length DRONC is not subject to DIAP1-induced degradation, once it is processed and activated it has reduced protein stability. Finally, we show that DRONC protein accumulates in “undead” cells due to increased transcription of dronc in these cells. These data refine current models of caspase regulation by IAPs.
Activation of Thermus phosphofructokinase by monovalent cations.

Abstract The presence of the monoalent cations Tl + , NH 4 + , K + , Rb + or Cs + , in decreasing order of potency, produce a marked equivalent increase in the specific enzyme activity of phosphofructokinase (ATP: d -fructose-6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.11) purified from extreme thermophile, Thermus X-1. By contrast, the monovalent cations Li + , Na + or CH 3 NH 3 + produce no detectable catalytic activation at concentrations up to 100 mM. The relative potency of these cations suggests that each polypeptide chain in the tetrameric enzyme possesses a cation binding site having tetragonal symmetry and that the protein ligands are principally hydroxyl or carboxylate oxygens. Only the enzyme-cation complex and not the enzyme by itself exhibits cooperativity with respect to the dependence of catalytic rate on the concentration of the substrate, fructose 6-phosphate. In the presence of subsaturating but not saturating concentrations of substrate, the catalytic activation produced by monovalent cations is also cooperative. Exclusion chromatographic measurements indicate that the enzyme remans tetrameric at catalytic concentrations in the presence or absence of an activatng monovalent cation.
The Future of Research in Female Pelvic Medicine

Female pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery (FPMRS) was recently recognized as a subspecialty by the American Board of Medical Specialties (ABMS). FPMRS treats female pelvic disorders (FPD) including pelvic organ prolapse (POP), urinary incontinence (UI), fecal incontinence (FI), lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), lower urinary tract infections (UTI), pelvic pain, and female sexual dysfunction (FSD). These conditions affect large numbers of individuals, resulting in significant patient, societal, medical, and financial burdens. Given that treatments utilize both medical and surgical approaches, areas of research in FPD necessarily cover a gamut of topics, ranging from mechanistically driven basic science research to randomized controlled trials. While basic science research is slow to impact clinical care, transformational changes in a field occur through basic investigations. On the other hand, clinical research yields incremental changes to clinical care. Basic research intends to change understanding whereas clinical research intends to change practice. However, the best approach is to incorporate both basic and clinical research into a translational program which makes new discoveries and effects positive changes to clinical practice. This review examines current research in FPD, with focus on translational potential, and ponders the future of FPD research. With a goal of improving the care and outcomes in patients with FPD, a strategic collaboration of stakeholders (patients, advocacy groups, physicians, researchers, professional medical associations, legislators, governmental biomedical research agencies, pharmaceutical companies, and medical device companies) is an absolute requirement in order to generate funding needed for FPD translational research.
Diagnosing time series dynamical structures

Abstract A sequence of two tests is proposed to diagnose time series dynamical structures. The first is known as the BDS test. It determines whether a series that is free from linear structure is independently and identically distributed noise (iid). If the series is not iid, a β test (proposed in this paper) associates the structure with the series' signal to noise ratio. Based upon observed phenomena and empirical evidence, the test is found to be capable of distinguishing between nonlinear stochastic processes with signal to noise ratio less than four and strictly deterministic processes with low attractor dimension. It may confuse high signal to noise ratio nonlinear stochastic processes with more complex deterministic processes that have high attractor dimension and low ratio.
The microstructure and tensile properties of mitrogen containing vacuum atomized alloy 690

The mechanical properties and microstructure of a heat of nitrogen containing vacuum atomized A690 have been characterized. Although wrought A690 exhibits extensive grain growth during solution annealing heat treatments, only limited grain growth was observed in P/M690N{sub 2}. The presence of the nitrogen in the P/M690N{sub 2} resulted in the formation of a fine dispersion of Ti(C,N) which limited grain growth during elevated temperature exposures. The yield and ultimate tensile strength of the P/M690N{sub 2} was significantly greater than wrought A690 and elevated temperature exposures did not greatly affect the properties of the P/M690N{sub 2}. Although the P/M690N{sub 2} did exhibit appreciably higher strengths than wrought A690, the ductility was not adversely affected. In general, the resulting microstructure and, hence, mechanical properties of the P/M690N{sub 2} were very stable, uniform, and reproducible, even after long-term elevated temperature exposures of up to 24 hours at 1100{degree}C. 14 refs., 5 figs., 1 tab.