cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Molecular Dynamics in Systems with Multiple Time Scales: Reference System Propagator Algorithms

Systems with multiple time scales, and with forces which can be subdivided into long and short range components are frequently encountered in computational chemistry. In recent years, new, powerful and efficient methods have been developed to reduce the computational overhead in treating these problems in molecular dynamics simulations. Numerical reversible integrators for dealing with these problems called r-RESPA (Reversible Reference System Propagator Algorithms) are reviewed in this article. r-RESPA leads to considerable speedups in generating molecular dynamics trajectories with no loss of accuracy. When combined with the Hybrid Monte Carlo (HMC) method and used in the Jump-Walking and the Smart-Walking algorithms, r-RESPA is very useful for the enhanced sampling of rough energy landscapes in biomolecules.
Iron-deficiency anemia increases risk of preterm delivery

In an inner-city sample of pregnant women, iron-deficiency anemia was associated with a higher risk of preterm delivery and low birth weight but not with small-for-gestational-age births. However, the prevalence of iron-deficiency anemia (3.5%) explained only a small proportion of preterm deliveries.
The Family of G Proteins

The guanine nucleotide binding proteins, which couple receptors for light, hormones, neurotransmitters, chemotaxis factors to a variety of intracellular effectors, are a family of heterotrimeric proteins composed of α, s and γ subunits (reviewed by Gilman, 1987; Lochrie and Simon, 1988; Neer and Clapham, 1988). Each of these subunits consists of a super gene family with many members. The α subunits bind guanine nucleotides and all have an intrinsic GTPase activity which hydrolyzes bound GTP to GDP. This enzymatic activity is central to the function of the G proteins since they are active in the GTP-liganded form and inactive in the GDP-liganded form. Activation of the guanine nucleotide binding proteins by guanosine nucleotide triphosphate causes dissociation of the heterotrimer into s and sγ subunits. Although the molecule is heterotrimeric, it is functionally a heterodimer because the s and γ subunits do not dissociate in the native state. The s and γ peptides can only be separated under strongly denaturing conditions (Neer, unpublished).
Treatment of Bipolar Disorder in Children and Adolescents

The growing interest in the diagnosis of bipolar disorder in youth has sparked subsequent interest and controversy related to the appropriate treatment of the disorder in this population. As such, authoritative bodies like the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP) have recently published practice parameters regarding the treatment of early-onset bipolar disorder. These guidelines advocate for first-line, primary psychopharmacological treatment with adjunct psychosocial therapy (McClellan et al., 2007).
Beliefs About the Causes of Four Types of Rape

Beliefs about the causes of stranger, acquaintance, date, and partner rape and treatment and punishment for the types of rape were examined among college students. Three causes of rape—victim precipitation, male pathology, and male hostility—varied as a function of the type of rape, with female precipitation higher for partner and date rape than for acquaintance and stranger rape. Male hostility and male pathology were lowest for partner rape. These findings suggest that the perceived causes of rape that blame the perpetrator or victim, rather than societal or general causes of rape, vary with the type of rape. Recommended punishment varied directly with the closeness of the relationship. Additionally, gender differences and interactions of gender and ethnicity (Caucasian and Hispanics) were found across type of rape.
Imaging Biofilms in Tissue Specimens

Microscopic imaging can be used to provide direct evidence of the presence of biofilms in tissue samples. However, successful imaging requires a series of well-planned and executed steps as well as adequate controls. The steps can include sample collection, fixation, embedding and sectioning, staining, and imaging. Each of these steps is discussed in this chapter. Selection of an appropriate staining technique is one of the key considerations for sample analysis. A variety of staining techniques ranging from general stains to highly specific molecular probes are available. For fluorescence microscopy, staining complications can include tissue autofluorescence, fixation-induced autofluorescence, and nonspecific binding. To assess the impact of these potential complications, it is best to use multiple complementary staining techniques as well as adequate controls. A variety of microscopic techniques have been used to image biofilms in tissue samples including light microscopy, transmission and scanning electron microscopy, epifluorescent microscopy, and confocal scanning laser microscopy. The latter technique has advantages of minimal sample manipulation, three dimensional imaging, and enables the use of specific fluorescent molecular probes.
A quantitative exploration of alcohol-related regret among undergraduate students

Background: Heavy drinking is linked to a number of deleterious consequences, many of which carry the possibility of regret: a negative cognitive emotion involving self-blame. Purpose: The purpose ...
A Cloud-based Framework for Implementing Portable Machine Learning Pipelines for Neural Data Analysis

Cloud-based computing has created new avenues for innovative research. In recent years, numerous cloud-based, data analysis projects within the biomedical domain have been implemented. As this field is likely to grow, there is a need for a unified platform for the developing and testing of advanced analytic and modeling tools that enables those tools to be easily reused for biomedical data analysis by a broad set of users with diverse technical skills. A cloud-based platform of this nature could greatly assist future research endeavors. In this paper, we take the first step towards building such a platform. We define an approach by which containerized analytic pipelines can be distributed for use on cloud-based or on-premise computing platforms. We demonstrate our approach by implementing a portable biomarker identification pipeline using a logistic regression model with elastic net regularization (LR-ENR) and running it on Google Cloud. We used this pipeline for the diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease based on a combination of clinical, demographic, and MRI-based features and for the identification of the most predictive biomarkers.
Dawn Spacecraft Performance: Resource Utilization and Environmental Effects During an 11-Year Mission

Dawn was a deep space science mission to the asteroid belt, using solar electric propulsion and a spacecraft derived from an earth-orbiting communications satellite. Although much of the operationa...
Immune Function Testing and Donor-Specific Antibody Production among Heart Transplant Patients

Purpose De novo donor-specific antibody (DSA) production has been correlated to the development of antibody-mediated rejection after heart transplantation. It is unclear whether the Cylex ImmuKnow (IK) assay - a rapid, quantitative assessment of T-cell-mediated immune function designed to monitor immunosuppression response - can be a useful tool in overall immunosuppression and identification of patients at risk for de novo DSA production. We hypothesize that, among heart transplant recipients, increased immune function activity as measured by the IK assay would correlate with de novo DSA production. Methods We conducted a single center cohort study including all consecutive single organ heart transplant recipients from 2014 to 2018. The IK assay categorized subjects into low, moderate, or high immune response levels at 6, 12, and 24-month intervals. De novo DSA production based on human leukocyte antigen antibody testing was correlated to IK immune response levels at these time points. Results 122 single organ heart transplant recipients were included. High immune response levels were noted in 10%, 9%, and 12% of subjects at 6, 12, and 24-months, respectively. Compared to baseline, de novo DSA production was noted in 21%, 23%, and 25% of subjects at the respective time intervals. 6-month IK category did not correlate with DSA production at 6 (r = -0.03, p=0.9), 12 (r = -0.03, p=0.9), or 24 months (r = 0.15, p=0.3). Similar findings were noted at 12 and 24 months. Being in a high IK category at any interval was not associated with de novo DSA production at any time point (p>0.05). Univariate analysis of demographic factors, induction agents used, and co-morbidities (including EMV or CBV infection status) did not reveal significant associations with de novo DSA production. Conclusion High T-cell-mediated immune response levels, a possible indicator of under-suppression, as measured by the IK assay were not associated with de novo DSA production after heart transplantation.
Synthesis, decom­position studies and crystal structure of a three-dimensional CuCN network structure with protonated N-methyl­ethano­lamine as the guest cation

The com­pound poly[2-hy­droxy-N-methyl­ethan-1-aminium [μ3-cyanido-κ3C:C:N-di-μ-cyanido-κ4C:N-dicuprate(I)]], {(C3H10NO)[Cu2(CN)3]}n or [meoenH]Cu2(CN)3, crystallizes in the tetra­gonal space group P43. The structure consists of a three-dimensional (3D) anionic CuICN network with noncoordinated protonated N-methyl­ethano­lamine cations providing charge neutrality. Pairs of cuprophilic Cu atoms are bridged by the C atoms of μ3-cyanide ligands, which link these units into a 43 spiral along the c axis. The spirals are linked together into a 3D anionic network by the two other cyanide groups. The cationic moieties are linked into their own 43 spiral via N—H⋯O and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, and the cations inter­act with the 3D network via an unusual pair of N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds to one of the μ2-cyanide groups. Thermogravimetric analysis indicates an initial loss of the base cation and one cyanide as HCN at temperatures in the range 130–250 °C to form CuCN. We show how loss of a specific cyanide group from the 3D CuCN structure could form the linear CuCN structure. Further heating leaves a residue of elemental copper, isolated as the oxide.
Putative Coiled-Coil Domain-Dependent Autoinhibition and Alternative Splicing Determine SHTN1’s Actin-Binding Activity

The actin cytoskeleton plays a pivotal role in cell development, morphogenesis, and other cellular functions. Precise control of actin dynamics requires actin-binding proteins. Here, we characterize multifarious regulation of SHTN1 (shootin1) and show that, unlike known actin-binding proteins, SHTN1's actin binding activity is intrinsically inhibited by a putative coiled-coil domain (CCD) and the autoinhibition is overcome by alternative splicing regulation. We found SHTN1 contains a noncanonical WH2 domain and an upstream proline-rich region (PRR) that by themselves are sufficient for actin interaction. Alternative splicing of Shtn1 at the C terminus and downstream of the WH2-PRR domain produces a long (SHTN1L or shootin1b) and a short (SHTN1S or shootin1a) isoform, which both contain the described PRR and WH2 domains. However, SHTN1S does not interact with actin due to inhibition mediated by an N-terminal CCD. A SHTN1L-specific C-terminal motif counters the intramolecular inhibition and allows SHNT1L to bind actin. A nuclear localization signal is embedded between PRR and WH2 and is subject to similar autoinhibition. SHTN1 would be the first WH2-containing molecule that adopts CCD-dependent autoinhibition and alternative splicing-dependent actin interaction.
Anatomic factors predict urinary continence in patient with anorectal malformation.

It has been described that patients with more complex anorectal malformations (ARM), lower sacral ratios and spinal anomalies have poorer rates of fecal and urinary continence. While the ARM subtype has been shown to be an independent predictor of fecal continence, it is not well understood how each of these anatomic factors impact urinary continence. The purpose of this study was to identify anatomic factors associated with urinary continence in children born with ARM. We performed a retrospective review of a large prospectively collected database of children with ARM. Inclusion criteria included diagnosis of ARM, age >4 years, available lateral sacral ratio measurement and presence of spinal MRI. Any child with incomplete or absent continence data was excluded. Continence was defined as voiding per urethra volitionally, dry between voids and ≤1 urinary accident per week. Bivariable tests of association and log-binomial regression models were used to examine association between anatomic factors and urinary continence. A total of 434 patients were included in the study. 57.8% (n = 251) were male. Median age was 8.4 years (IQR 6.0-12.3). With regards to severity of ARM, 20.3% (n = 88) were complex, 23.3% (n = 101) were moderate and 56.5% (n = 245) were simple. Lateral sacral ratio included 11.1% (n = 48) that were 0.7. Spine status was found to be myelomeningocele in 4.4% (n = 19), low conus or tethered cord in 34.8% (n = 151) and normal or fatty filum in 60.8% (n = 264). Overall 62.2% were continent. ARM severity, lateral sacral ratio and spine status were each independent predictors of urinary continence on univariate and multivariable analysis. We conclude that in children born with ARM, the severity of ARM, lateral sacral ratio and spine status each independently predict urinary continence. These results allow us to better understand these complex patients and their ability to develop urinary continence. This is crucial in enabling proper patient and family counseling and thus, setting appropriate expectations.
Multi-Leader Multi-follower Stackelberg Game in Mobile Blockchain Mining

The development of Blockchain-based mobile applications are impeded due to the resource limitations of mobile devices. Computation offloading can be a viable solution. In this paper, we consider a two-layer computation offloading paradigm including an edge computing service provider (ESP) and a cloud computing service provider (CSP). We formulate a multi-leader multi-follower Stackelberg game to address the computing resource management problem in such a network, by jointly maximizing the profits of each service provider (SP) and the payoffs of individual miners. We study two practical scenarios: a fixed-miner-number scenario for permissioned blockchains and a dynamic-miner-number scenario for permissionless blockchains. For the fixed-miner-number scenario, we discuss two different edge operation modes, i.e., the ESP is connected (to the CSP) or standalone, which form different miner subgames based on whether each miners strategy set is mutually dependent. The existence and uniqueness of Stackelberg equilibrium (SE) in both modes are analyzed, according to which algorithms are proposed to achieve the corresponding SE(s). For the dynamic-miner-number scenario, we focus on the impact of population uncertainty and find that the uncertainty inflates the aggressiveness in the ESP resource purchasing. Numerical evaluations are presented to verify the proposed models.
Immunologic Rejection of Transplanted Retinal Pigmented Epithelium: Mechanisms and Strategies for Prevention.

Replacement of dysfunctional retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) with grafts derived from stem cells has the potential to improve vision for patients with retinal disorders. In fact, the potential is such that a great number of groups are attempting to realize this therapy through individual strategies with a variety of stem cell products, hosts, immunomodulatory regimen, and techniques to assess the success of their design. Comparing the findings of different investigators is complicated by a number of factors. The immune response varies greatly between xenogeneic and allogeneic transplantation. A unique immunologic environment is created in the subretinal space, the target of RPE grafts. Both functional assessment and imaging techniques used to evaluate transplants are susceptible to erroneous conclusions. Lastly, the pharmacologic regimens used in RPE transplant trials are as numerous and variable as the trials themselves, making it difficult to determine useful results. This review will discuss the causes of these complicating factors, digest the strategies and results from clinical and preclinical studies, and suggest places for improvement in the design of future transplants and investigations.
Cyborgian Model Minorities for Environmental Justice: East Asian American Stories from the 1991 National People of Color Environmental Leadership Summit

Despite the growing social consciousness of issues relating to environmental justice (EJ) and the abundance of literature in the disciplines of EJ studies and Asian American Studies, analysis of As...
Branded there, made here? How country equity influences fashion product consumers in China

After decades of globalization, more and more products are made in a country different from the initial country of origin of the brand name associated with the product. As consumers evaluate brands...
A Scoping Review of Breastfeeding in Active Duty U.S. Military Women.

Abstract Purpose Active duty (AD) women in the U.S. military experience challenges during childbearing owing to unique occupational demands. The purpose of this article is to report the findings from a scoping review on pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period that are specific to breastfeeding among servicewomen. A secondary aim is to identify leverage points that would promote breastfeeding in this population. Methods We developed a PRISMA-ScR protocol to identify publications from 2000 to 2018 regarding pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period in AD women. Among articles pertaining to the postpartum period, we recognized those specific to breastfeeding for separate analysis. Using the social ecological model for military women's health (SEM-MWH) to synthesize our results, we identified actionable leverage points in the military setting for positive change. Results Research articles specific to breastfeeding (n = 8) included descriptive, cross-sectional, and qualitative studies. Non-research articles (n = 7) were either an integrative review, nonsystematic review, or commentary. Thirty-four leverage points were identified throughout the social ecological system of military women, including support for lactation in the workplace, employment of lactation consultants, occupational hazards assessment, personnel policies that delay the separation of women and their infants, and research to fill gaps in knowledge about breastfeeding while on AD. The greatest number of leverage points are in the SEM-MWH mesosystem and exosystem. Conclusions There are multiple potential leverage points throughout the SEM-MWH to generate positive changes in the social ecological system of military women. These changes could serve to enhance the breastfeeding experiences of AD women.
Bond Return, Spread Change, and the Momentum Effect in Corporate Bond and Stock Markets

This paper examines the momentum effect and its causes, the persistence in default risk change in particular, in both corporate bond and stock markets. Using a comprehensive bond dataset, we observe a significant momentum effect in corporate bond returns and bond credit spread changes. The momentum effect in bond total returns, however, is confined to low-grade bonds and can be attributed to compensation for bearing a varying default risk and term risk. This paper shows that the change in bond credit spread, not the total return, is a more appropriate proxy to examine the response of bond prices to new information of firm fundamentals. Past spread changes have robust predictive power for future spread changes even after controlling for risk characteristics such as duration and yield-to-maturity. This paper also documents the integration of the momentum effect across bond and stock markets. Equity returns, bond returns and bond spread changes are contemporaneously correlated. Equity winners (losers) are also bond winners (losers) with improved (deteriorated) credit quality and vice versa. Equity return momentum exhibits spillover to both bond returns and spread changes, although the spillover to bond returns can only be observed after controlling for default risk. Firms earning extremely low equity returns over the past six months increase bond spreads significantly in the next six months. After controlling for the yield-to-maturity, extreme equity winners (losers) earn high (low) bond returns. Although past bond returns have no predictive power for future stock returns, there is a significant momentum spillover from spread changes to stock returns. Past spread changes can explain half of momentum profit in future stock returns. This result indicates that the persistence in the default risk change may play an important role in understanding the source of momentum profits in equity returns.
The Same, Yet Different: Using Hedonic Systems in Utilitarian Settings.

Individuals are increasingly using hedonic systems for utilitarian purposes. While IS research has thoroughly investigated the ability to derive hedonic pleasure from utilitarian systems, the need has arisen to research utilitarian gains from hedonic systems. This study describes the shift from hedonic to utilitarian as a spiritual adaptation, derived from Desanctis and Poole’s (1994) Adaptive Structuration Theory. We theorize that the shift from hedonic to utilitarian use of a system occurs when the individual combines a perception of potential cognitive benefit with the existing realization of affectual benefit. These two forces inform our research model, which seeks to predict how and why individuals intend to use hedonic systems for utilitarian purposes. We have developed a method for investigating this model, which will be implemented through a survey comprised of validated measures.
Bioelectrical Action Potentials

In this section we will examine bioelectrical potentials generated by various tissues from various animals. Moreover, all will be examples of phasic potentials, representing excitable tissues in a state of activity. The experiments have been selected to remind the reader that the occurrence of bioelectrical potentials is widespread, both in terms of animal species and in types of tissues and organs. The reader is encouraged to extend this list of experiments by experimenting with heart, muscle, and nerve tissues from species not included in this section.
Role of Enzyme Interactions in the Regulation of Gluconeogenesis MODIFICATION OF THE BINDING PROPERTIES OF FRUCTOSE 1,6-DIPHOSPHATASE BY ADENOSINE MONOPHOSPHATE, ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE, AND FRUCTOSE 1,6-DIPHOSPHATE

Abstract AMP, ATP, and fructose 1,6-diphosphate were found to cooperatively influence the binding of homogeneous swine kidney fructose 1,6-diphosphatase to phosphoryl groups in cellulose phosphate columns. All three compounds interacted with the enzyme and decreased its affinity for phosphoryl groups in the column. However, AMP and fructose-1,6-P2 exhibited the highest activity. These effects were specific for AMP, ATP and fructose-1,6-P2 since other metabolites, including various nucleotides, fructose-6-P, and glucose-6-P, did not significantly influence the binding properties of the enzyme. Combinations of any two of these compounds decreased the binding of fructose 1,6-diphosphatase much more than the sum of each one alone. In order to correlate these effects with the binding of these metabolites to the enzyme, gel filtration studies were carried out. It was found that the enzyme binds 4 moles each of AMP, ATP, and fructose-1, 6-P2 per mole of enzyme. The Kd for AMP was 9.7 µm, and in the presence of 0.2 mm fructose-1,6-P2 it was decreased to 5.2 µm. The Kd for AMP increased to 18.5 µm in the presence of 0.4 µm ATP. However, the addition of fructose-1, 6-P2 and ATP did not affect the number of AMP molecules bound, which suggested that the binding sites for these compounds might be adjacent but not identical. The Kd for fructose-1, 6-P2 was 8.5 µm, and it decreased to 3.6 µm in the presence of 0.1 mm AMP. It decreased to 7.0 µm in the presence of 0.4 mm ATP. ATP, which was the least effective in altering the binding of fructose 1, 6-diphosphatase to cellulose-phosphate, had a Kd of 18.3 µm. In the presence of 0.2 mm fructose-1, 6-P2 or 0.2 mm AMP, the Kd for ATP increased to 43.7 µm. The binding of these ligands to the enzyme generally correlated with their ability to decrease the binding of fructose 1,6-diphosphatase to phosphoryl groups in cellulose-phosphate columns. Alterations in the binding properties of the enzyme may result from the formation of substrate-enzyme-allosteric effector complexes which cause a change in the conformation of the enzyme and decrease the charge of specific cationic groups on amino acid residues in the AMP and fructose-1,6-P2 binding sites. These effects on the binding properties of fructose 1,6-diphosphatase were observed at very low concentrations of fructose-1, 6-P2, 20 µm. At physiological concentrations of ATP and AMP a variation in the concentration of fructose-1, 6-P2 between 10 and 30 µm could regulate the release or binding of fructose 1, 6-diphosphatase to free phosphoryl groups.
Polarization fluctuations in field fibers

Polarization fluctuations in aerial fibers are discussed according to the dynamics of the polarization mode dispersion and polarization dependent loss.
Language Definition in the Schütz Semantic Editor

The Schutz semantic editor intends to perform semantic analysis, incrementally during editing, on possibly incomplete and incorrect programs. Currently, the project is addressing a prerequisite problem of maintaining an internal tree representation, necessary for semantic analysis, while presenting the user with a text-editor style interface, essential for programmer acceptance. Prior papers have addressed the language-independent aspects of our data structure and algorithms. Here, we discuss our specifications of the language to be edited. These are initially written in a purpose-designed Language Definition Language (LDL), then transformed into internal form needed by the editor. Our approach is to first build a syntactic editor for its own LDL, then use this to define an editor for its own implementation language, i.e., Modula-3, add incremental semantics, and finally to define editors for other programming languages. We summarize our language-independent data structure and algorithms and how they are specialized for a specific language. We describe our LDL in detail and how it has evolved to support Modula-3. The current implementation supports editing of LDL descriptions. The principal contribution of this paper is that LDL is an essential part of our method of providing an acceptable user-interface, without which semantic editing would be irrelevant.
A Distributed Dynamic Scheduling Algorithm for a Terabit Multicast Packet Switch

In this paper, we present a novel switch design of a large scale multicast packet switch which is featured by a modular switch architecture and a distributed resource allocation algorithm. Switch inputs and outputs are grouped into small modules called Input Shared Blocks (ISBs) and Output Shared blocks (OSBs). Input link sharing and output link sharing are cooperated intelligently so that no speedup is necessary in central switch fabric (ATMCSF). Cell delivery is based on link reservation in every ISB. Dual round robin rings connect ISBs to provide a fast and fair link resource allocation among ISBs according to a Queue Occupancy Based Dynamic Link Reservation (QOBDLR) algorithm. QOBDLR is a distributed algorithm in which an ISB can dynamically increase/decrease its link reservation for a specific OSB according to its local available information. Arbitration complexity is O(1). Switch performance is evaluated through simulations for an 256×256 switch. It is demonstrated that the proposed switch can achieve a comparable performance as the output queued switch under any traffic pattern.
Findings from the 2007 EBRI/Commonwealth Fund Consumerism in Health Care Survey: Implications for Plan Sponsors

This paper provides reaction to, and analysis of, the 2007 EBRI/Commonwealth Fund Consumerism in Health Care Survey, published in the March 2008 EBRI Issue Brief. The analysis offers a framework for considering whether or not consumer-driven health plans (CDHPs) and high-deductible health plans (HDHPs) are effective in managing costs and improving the health of plan participants. SWOT analysis - focusing on strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, is often used to evaluate current or proposed approaches or situations: Strengths - Participants in CDHPs and HDHPs report being more cost-conscious about health care than participants in traditional plans. Seventy-four percent of CDHP participants and 60 percent of HDHP participants say that the terms of the health plan make them think about the cost when deciding whether to see a doctor or to fill a prescription, compared with 47 percent of traditional plan participants. Weaknesses - The level of participant satisfaction with these new plans is significantly lower than for traditional plans. About 64 percent of participants in traditional plans are very or extremely satisfied with their plans, compared with 48 percent for CDHP participants and 35 percent for HDHP participants. Opportunities - There are opportunities to improve results under these plans. Because of the financial structure, they offer the possibility of being the most cost-efficient type of health plan. Threat - Unless workers become more positive about consumer-driven health plans meeting their needs, enrollment may decline.
The Largest Paracentric Inversion, The Highest Rate Of Recombinant Spermatozoa. Case Report: 46,Xy, Inv(2)(Q21.2Q37.3) And Literature Review

Carriers of inversions involving euchromatic regions are at risk of having unbalanced offspring due to meiotic crossover. In carriers, recombination can occur during gametogenesis and cause genetically unbalanced sperm and subsequently unbalanced embryos. Here we present segregation analysis results of an infertile male with 46,XY,inv(2) (q21.2q37.3) using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) on sperm cells. This is the largest paracentric inversion (PAI) reported so far in a meiotic segregation analysis study. Sperm FISH revealed 28.0% recombinant spermatozoa rate for chromosome 2, which was the highest rate in PAI carriers in the literature. Our results indicate a clear correlation between the size of the inverted segment and the frequency of the recombinant spermatozoa. The results of the FISH analysis with the information of unbalanced spermatozoa rate can provide accurate counseling on the genetic risk of infertility.
Biochemical responses to narcotic drugs in the nervous system and in other tissues.

Publisher Summary The administration of a narcotic drug to an animal results in physiological and pharmacological responses such as sedation and changes in awareness of pain, blood pressure, respiratory rate, and body temperature. This chapter summarizes relevant information on the biochemical events seen after the administration of narcotic drugs to animals, including man. It explores the interaction of drugs and tissue in vitro. The chapter also discusses various relevant aspects, such as the metabolic disposition of narcotic drugs including tissue levels and distribution, the uptake and transport of the drugs, and their biotransformations through metabolism. A consideration of the chemical relationship between narcotic drugs and acetylcholine and between narcotic drugs and steroid hormones suggests that there may be at least two types of drug/receptor action in two distinct metabolic pathways. The effects of narcotic drugs on levels of acetylcholine in brain and on activity of cholinesterases seem to be straightforward competitive reactions with the drug competing with acetylcholine transport or hydrolysis. The scheme of biochemical response to narcotic drugs is incomplete, but progress has been made in identifying many biochemical events, which seem to be interrelated, and which may be part of the biochemical basis of narcotic drug action.
Two Sides of the Same Coin: Preservice Teachers' Dispositions towards Critical Pedagogy and Social Justice Concerns in Rural and Urban Teacher Education Contexts.

This paper describes preservice teachers’ (PTs) dispositions toward diversity, social justice education, and critical pedagogy (CP). PTs were enrolled in elementary Literacy Methods courses in two geographic locations, one rural and the other urban. We employed CP (Darder et al. in Critical pedagogy: an introduction. In: Darder A, Baltodano MP, Torres RD (eds) The critical pedagogy reader. Routledge, New York, NY, pp 1–20, 2009; Giroux in Theory and resistance in education: a pedagogy for the opposition. Bergin and Garvey, South Hadley, MA, 1983) and concepts such as technical and emancipatory knowledge (Habermas in Knowledge and human interests. Heinemann, London, 1972), field (setting, Bourdieu in The forms of capital. In: Richardson JG (ed) Handbook of theory and research for the sociology of education. Greenwood, New York, NY, pp 241–258, 1986), and a field-related demographic and epistemological divide (Han in Challenges in implementing critical literacy practices in remote rural teacher education programs. In: Yoon B, Sharif R (eds) Critical literacy practice: applications of critical theory in diverse settings. Springer, New York, NY, 2015) to analyze the qualitative data from both contexts. Findings showed that rural and urban PTs displayed drastically different dispositions to CP and social justice curricula. This study contributes to the CP research and research on PTs’ dispositions in significant ways and implicates issues related to all (rural and urban) teacher educators and teacher education programs as they prepare our teachers, and therefore, our future.
urbs1, a gene regulating siderophore biosynthesis in Ustilago maydis, encodes a protein similar to the erythroid transcription factor GATA-1

Abstract Ustilago maydis secretes ferrichrome-type siderophores, ferric-ion-binding compounds, in response to iron starvation. TA2701, a non-enterobactin-producing, non-ferrichrome-utilizing mutant of Salmonella typhimurium LT-2, was employed as a biological indicator in a novel screening method to isolate three N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine-induced U. maydis mutants defective in the regulation of ferrichrome-type siderophore biosynthesis. These mutants displayed a constitutive phenotype; they produced siderophores in the presence of iron concentrations that would typically repress siderophore synthesis in wild-type strains. A 4.8-kb fragment of U. maydis genomic DNA capable of restoring normal regulation of siderophore biosynthesis in the constitutive mutants was identified. This segment of DNA contains an intronless open reading frame that specifies a protein of 950 amino acids containing two finger motifs similar to those found in the erythroid transcription factor GATA-1. Disruption of this open reading frame in a wild-type strain gave rise to cells that produced siderophores constitutively. Genetic studies indicated that the disruption mutation was allelic to the chemically induced mutations, confirming that the structural gene for a regulator rather than a suppressor gene had been cloned. Northern (RNA) analysis of the gene revealed a 4.2-kb transcript that is expressed constitutively at low levels in wild-type cells. The data support the hypothesis that this gene, which we designate urbs1 (Ustilago regulator of biosynthesis of siderophores), acts directly or indirectly to repress biosynthesis of siderophores in U. maydis.
Charisma attribution during organizational change: the importance of followers' emotions and concern for well-being

Taking a follower-centric perspective, we examined how charisma attribution to a change leader was influenced by the well-being concerns and emotions of organizational members. We conducted three studies to examine how college business students and Executive Master of Business Administration (EMBA) students responded to a grading policy reform aimed at reducing grade inflation. We found that emotions and well-being concerns such as school year and grade point average influenced charisma attribution by the undergraduate students and that there was a greater divergence of emotional reactions and charisma attribution among undergraduate students than among the executive MBAs. Future directions for follower-centric leadership research on charismatic leadership are discussed.
Studies on RNA in goldfish brain. I. Isolation andin vivo labeling

Summary Methods are presented for the isolation of high molecular weight RNA from nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions of goldfish brain following intracranial injection of [5-3H]uridine. Nuclear RNA is labeled first and is followed by labeling of cytoplasmic RNA. The pattern of labeling in the nuclear fraction reflects the formation of broadly distributed RNA species some of which sediment more rapidly than 28S RNA. Radioactivity appears later in the cytoplasm and sediments heterogeneously from 4S to > 50S. Evidence is presented for the presence of a 45S ribosomal RNA precursor and for messenger RNA in the goldfish brain.
The Pitfalls of Metalingual Use in Simultaneous Interpreting

AbstractFor the simultaneous interpreter, puns and other instances of metalingual use, involving as they do an interplay of form, content and pragmatic intention, may represent a formidable challenge. The interpreter’s most efficient tool is his or her adroitness at determining the pun’s or the metalingual comment’s relevance on the basis of an instant analysis of the communication situation, with particular attention to the speaker’s pragmatic intention and intended sense, as well as the audience’s needs and expectations. Actual examples from United Nations meetings are used to illustrate the different factors affecting the rendition of wordplay and metalanguage and some suggestions are made towards improving the training of intelpreters.
Riccati equation approaches for small gain, positivity, and Popov robustness analysis

In recent years, small gain (or //<») analysis has been used to analyze feedback systems for robust stability and performance. However, since small gain analysis allows uncertainty with arbitrary phase in the frequency domain and arbitrary time variations in the time domain, it can be overly conservative for constant real parametric uncertainty. More recent results have led to the development of robustness analysis tools, such as extensions of Popov analysis, that are less conservative. These tests are based on parameter-dep endent Lyapunov functions, in contrast to the small gain test, which is based on a fixed quadratic Lyapunov function. This paper uses a benchmark problem to compare Popov analysis with small gain analysis and positivity analysis (a special case of Popov analysis that corresponds to a fixed quadratic Lyapunov function). The state-space versions of these tests, based on Riccati equations, are implemented using continuation algorithms. The results show that the Popov test is significantly less conservative than the other two tests and for this example is completely nonconservative in terms of its prediction of robust stability.
THE SIMMEL REVIVAL: A Challenge to American Social Science

(1994). The Simmel Revival: A Challenge to American Social Science. The Sociological Quarterly: Vol. 35, No. 3, pp. 397-414.
Chromosomal proteins of interphase HeLa cells.

Abstract 1. 1. We describe the properties of the proteins of isolated interphase chromosomes of HeLa cells. Histones of interphase chromosomes were fractionated by chromatography on Amberlite CG-50 and further characterized by analytical disc electrophoresis and amino acid analysis of each chromatographic fraction. 2. 2. It is shown that histones of HeLa cells are comprised of only a small number of major components and that these components are homologous to those of calf thymus and pea bud. The active cell division and undifferentiated state which distinguish HeLa cells from calf thymus and pea bud cells are not associated with the appearance or disappearance of any major histone component. 3. 3. Of all the histones, arginine-rich histone III alone contains cysteine and can polymerize through formation of interpolypeptide disulfide bridges between histone III monomers. Our evidence indicates that histone III associated with interphase chromosomes in vivo is principally or completely in the monomeric state. 4. 4. Interphase chromosomes contain a distinguishable class of nonhistone proteins. These are extracted by acid as are histones.
The propagation of a laminar reaction front during end-gas auto-ignition

Abstract A transient, one dimensional premixed laminar reaction front is used as a model problem to further understand the physical processes influencing reaction front propagation during the various stages of spark-assisted compression ignition (SACI) combustion for both constant and variable domain pressures. This approach is consistent with the wrinkled laminar flame representation of turbulent, spark ignited engine combustion. With the proper choice of timescales and pressure rise rate, it applies to the interaction of the flame with auto-igniting end-gas in a typical automotive engine. Under the conditions simulated by a transient flame code, the reaction front begins as a deflagration, propagating into an end-gas with an initially negligible level of reaction progress. The diffusive–reactive nature of the front is maintained until significant levels of end-gas reaction progress, where the burning velocity depends upon the degree of pre-reaction. At the time of the end-gas maximum chemical power, the maximum temperature gradient and peak rate of heat conduction within the front diminish to the point where combustion becomes chemically controlled. Although significant increases in burning velocity are observed at the onset of chemically controlled combustion within the front, the end-gas is within one front time from the completion of combustion. As a result, no more than one front thickness is consumed by the apparent propagation of the spontaneous ignition front.
Some Boundedness Conditions for Rings of Integer-Valued Polynomials

Let R be an integral domain with quotient field K, and let Int(R) be the ring of integer-valued polynomials on R. That is Int(R) = {f ∈ K[X] | f(R) ⊆ R}. It is known that if R is an almost Dedekind domain, then the double boundedness condition, which characterizes when Int(R) is a Prufer domain, is equivalent to another double boundedness condition which arises in characterizing when Int(R) ≠ R[X]. After recasting the first of these conditions so that it applies to any integral domain R, instead of just to Prufer domains, it is shown that these two double boundedness conditions are equivalent if R is a finite conductor domain, but not for all integral domains R.
Séquences: Intermediate French through Film by BISSIÈRE, MICHÈLE. Workbook/Lab Manual by BISSIÈRE, MICHÈLE.

The article reviews the books "Sequences: Intermediate French Through Film" and "Workbook/Lab Manual," by Michele Bissiere.
INTERMACS database for durable devices for circulatory support: first annual report.

T i p a l s he Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Cirulatory Support (INTERMACS) database, funded by the nited States National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute NHLBI), is a registry for patients who receive durable nited States Food and Drug Administration (FDA)pproved mechanical circulatory support devices (see he Appendix for the list of approved devices) for the reatment of advanced heart failure. This first report will riefly review the background of INTERMACS and report he data analysis for the first 18 months of data collection.
Inner Resources for Survival: Integrating Interpersonal Psychotherapy with Spiritual Visualization with Homeless Youth

Homeless youth have particular need to develop inner resources to confront the stress, abusive environment of street life, and the paucity of external resources. Research suggests that treatment supporting spiritual awareness and growth may create a foundation for coping, relationships, and negotiating styles to mitigate distress. The current pilot study tests the feasibility, acceptability, and helpfulness of an interpersonal spiritual group psychotherapy, interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) integrated with spiritual visualization (SV), offered through a homeless shelter, toward improving interpersonal coping and ameliorating symptoms of depression, distress, and anxiety in homeless youth. An exploratory pilot of integrative group psychotherapy (IPT + SV) for homeless young adults was conducted in a New York City on the residential floor of a shelter-based transitional living program. Thirteen young adult men (mean age 20.3 years, SD = 1.06) participated in a weekly evening psychotherapy group (55 % African-American, 18 % biracial, 18 % Hispanic, 9 % Caucasian). Measures of psychological functioning were assessed at pre-intervention and post-intervention using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9, GAD-7), and the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP-32). A semi-structured exit interview and a treatment satisfaction questionnaire were also employed to assess acceptability following treatment. Among homeless young adults to participate in the group treatment, significant decreases in symptoms of general distress and depression were found between baseline and termination of treatment, and at the level of a trend, improvement in overall interpersonal functioning and levels of general anxiety. High utilization and treatment satisfaction showed the intervention to be both feasible and acceptable. Offered as an adjunct to the services-as-usual model at homeless shelters serving young adults, interpersonal psychotherapy with spiritual visualization (IPT + SV) in group appears to be a feasible and potentially useful treatment option for promoting improved mental health.
A 16-&#181;m source for laser isotope enrichment

A potentially efficient, high-energy 16-μm source is proposed based on stimulated rotational Raman scattering in H 2 or D 2 using a TEA CO 2 laser source. The calculated pump energy threshold for rotational Raman scattering on the S (0) 354.33 cm-1Raman line of H 2 at 77 K and 1 atm pressure is 3.1 J.
Therapeutic effects of daily or weekly chlorhexidine rinsing on oral health of a geriatric population.

Abstract The effects of a chlorhexidine rinse on salivary Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus, and Candida albicans counts and on periodontal conditions (gingival index, plaque index, pocket depths) were studied in 42 elderly subjects. Under supervision, they rinsed either daily or weekly for 6 weeks with a 0.12% chlorhexidine solution (Peridex). Saliva samples were taken for chemical and microbiologic examinations, and periodontal conditions were assessed at baseline, week 6, and 6 weeks after final rinse. Significantly lower S. mutans counts were found at week 6 for both rinsing groups (p