cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Androgen Receptor Regulation of Serum Response Factor Signaling in Prostate Cancer

The importance of androgens and the androgen receptor (AR) for the ­progression of PCa has been recognized for more than a century. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), which interferes with the interaction between AR and androgens, has been the standard of care for patients with non-organ confined PCa for seven decades. After initial remission, PCa almost invariably recurs as castration-recurrent (CR) disease during ADT, and despite low levels of circulating androgens, AR signaling remains essential for CR PCa growth. Insights in the molecular mechanisms by which AR affects transcription of target genes that drive disease progression may lead to more effective and PCa-specific forms of ADT. Here, we describe the isolation of a novel Serum Response Factor (SRF)-dependent mechanism of AR action that separates malignant from benign disease, is enriched in PCa compared to benign prostate, and is associated with aggressive disease and poor outcome. The molecular mechanism(s) by which AR control SRF action and the implications for therapeutic intervention are discussed.
Underlying Neurocognitive and Achievement Factors and Their Relationship to Student Background Characteristics

This chapter presents additional analyses investigating the underlying factors represented in the assessments performed for the VL2 Psychometric Toolkit as well as the relationships between these factors and background characteristics of the sample of deaf college students evaluated for the study. Ten factors were generated using a Principal Components Factor Analysis with Varimax rotation. The factors and the measures which load on them are discussed. Additionally, MANOVAs were performed to investigate relationships between a set of background variables and the first four factors produced in the above analysis. The resulting data are discussed as are the potential translational applications of the data generated by the VL2 Psychometric Toolkit Project.
Comparison of Mode-Transition Phenomena in Axisymmetric and Rectangular Scramjet Flowpaths

Dual to scramjet mode-transition phenomena in rectangular and axisymmetric scramjet geometries are compared through three-dimensional, unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes simulations. The rectangular case geometry is taken from previous work on the HIFiRE-2 ground test, whereas the axisymmetric geometry is a hypothetical case which reformulates the cross sectional area ratios of the HIFiRE-2 into a round configuration to examine the effects of corner separation (exists in the rectangular but not axisymmetric configuration) on the mode-transition process. After describing the previously validated computational methodology, including meshing, theoretical model, and numerical procedure, the mode transition simulations are described for both the rectangular and round geometries. The adverse pressure gradient induced boundary layer separation forward of the primary injectors that dominates dual-mode operation in the rectangular geometry is muted in the axisymmetric geometry. However, the mode transition event in both cases is triggered by a loss of primary injector interaction induced boundary layer separation, i.e., the collapse of the flameholding from the primary injectors. Differences in flame holder and combustion patterns are described.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RESTING HEART RATE AND PEAK VO2: A COMPARISON OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION AND SINUS RHYTHM

Resting heart rate (HR) is a surrogate marker of exercise capacity, which has been observed in patients with sinus rhythm (SR). The aim of this study was to examine and compare the relationships between resting HR and peak VO2 in atrial fibrillation (AF) and SR. Two thousand one hundred sixty
Synthesis and Characterization of Bimetallic Pd-Co Nano Magnetic Materials in Mesoporous Silica

An one-pot procedure was developed for the synthesis of mesoporous silica containing bimetallic PdCo using Pd(NO3)2 and CoCl2, and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) as the templating agent, and tetramethoxy silane (TMOS) as the precursor. The materials were characterized using high resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (HRSTEM), elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and magnetic measurements. The data indicate that the bimetallic Pd-Co nanoparticles are uniformly distributed on the inner pore walls of silica. The magnetic measurements of reduced Pd-Co nanoparticles (4–5 nm) in mesoporous silica reveal a typical ferromagnetic behavior up to 20 K and exhibit superparamagnetic properties above 30 K.
Gastrointestinal Complications After Bariatric Surgery

Bariatric surgery is increasingly being performed in the medically complicated obese population as convincing data continue to mount, documenting the success of surgery not only in achieving meaningful weight loss but also in correcting obesity-related illnesses. Several surgical procedures with varying degrees of success and complications are currently being performed. This article discusses the short- and long-term gastrointestinal complications for the 4 most common bariatric surgical procedures: laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding, vertical sleeve gastrectomy, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, and biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch.
Recurrent Germ Cell Tumors: Let’s Try to Cure Them All

Treating patientswith germcell tumor that progresses after first-line chemotherapy is challenging; yet, approximately 50% of these patients will be cured if treated correctly. In the article that accompanies this commentary, Rashdan and Einhorn summarize contemporary salvage therapy on the basis of practices at IndianaUniversity.Mostpatients who require salvage therapy have nonseminomatous germ cell tumor, but the general rules also apply to patients with seminoma. Oncologists must be aware of several important points.
Errors in fluid therapy for children.

(1955). Errors in Fluid Therapy for Children. Postgraduate Medicine: Vol. 17, No. 4, pp. 302-305.
Novalis’ Theory of the Work of Art as Hieroglyph

(1973). Novalis’ Theory of the Work of Art as Hieroglyph. The Germanic Review: Literature, Culture, Theory: Vol. 48, No. 1, pp. 35-43.
Reading with One Hemisphere

The reading performance of two right-handed teenage girls who had undergone hemispherectomy for intractable epilepsy was examined at the MRC Applied Psychology Unit, Cambridge, the Department of Developmental Pediatrics, Institute of Child Health and Department of Psychological Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, and the Neurosurgical Unit, Maudsley Hospital, London.
Opportunistic Infections in Biological Therapy, Risk and Prevention

Patients being treated with biological therapies are at increased risk for serious infections, including opportunistic infections. Although more is known about opportunistic infection risk with older biologics, such as antitumor necrosis factor drugs, there is less knowledge of opportunistic infection risk with newer biological therapies. The incidence of certain opportunistic infections (tuberculosis, herpes zoster, pneumocystosis) has been rigorously evaluated in large observational studies. However, data are more limited for other infections (histoplasmosis, nontuberculous mycobacteria). Infectious morbidity and mortality may be preventable with screening and prophylaxis in select populations.
A form of congenital stationary night blindness with apparent defect of rod phototransduction.

We report findings obtained from an individual with an unusual form of congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB). Although the rhodopsin density difference of this subject was normal, there was no evidence of rod-mediated visual function. Dark-adapted thresholds were cone-mediated, and darkadapted electroretinograms (ERGs) represented activity of the cone system exclusively. ERG a- and b-waves obtained under light-adapted conditions were normal. The absence of a rod a-wavc but the presence of normal rhodopsin density, in combination with normal cone function, indicates that this form of CSNB likely involves a defect of phototransduction that is limited to the rods. In addition, light-adapted b-wavc responses to high luminance flashes were larger than dark-adapted responses, whereas a-wavc amplitudes were reduced by light adaptation. These ERG results address proposed mechanisms by which light adaptation might enhance cone system responses. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 31:237-246, 1990 Patients with congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB) most frequently have a primary defect of the rod system that is characterized functionally by a reduction in the b-wave of the rod system electroretinogram (ERG) and an elevation of absolute threshold. 1 " 10 However, rhodopsin density, as measured by fundus reflectometry, and the amplitude of the rod system a-wave often are normal. 410
Regulatory Conformational Coupling between CLC Anion Channel Membrane and Cytoplasmic Domains.

CLC anion channels are homodimeric proteins. Each subunit is comprised of 18 α-helices designated "A-R" and an intracellular carboxy-terminus containing two cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS1 and CBS2) domains. Conformational coupling between membrane and intracellular domains via poorly understood mechanisms is required for CLC regulation. The activity of the C. elegans CLC channel CLH-3b is reduced by phosphorylation of a carboxy-terminus "activation domain," which disrupts its interaction with CBS domains. CBS2 interfaces with a short intracellular loop, the H-I loop, connecting membrane helices H and I. Alanine mutation of a conserved H-I loop tyrosine residue, Y232, prevents regulation demonstrating that the loop functions to couple phosphorylation-dependent CBS domain conformational changes to channel membrane domains. To gain further insight into the mechanisms of this coupling, we mutated conserved amino acid residues in membrane helices H and I. Only mutation of the H-helix valine residue V228 to leucine prevented phosphorylation-dependent channel regulation. Structural and functional studies of other CLC proteins suggest that V228 may interact with Y529, a conserved R-helix tyrosine residue that forms part of the CLC ion conduction pathway. Mutation of Y529 to alanine also prevented CLH-3b regulation. Intracellular application of the sulfhydryl reactive reagent MTSET using CLH-3b channels engineered with single-cysteine residues in CBS2 indicate that V228L, Y529A, and Y232A disrupt putative regulatory intracellular conformational changes. Extracellular Zn2+ inhibits CLH-3b and alters the effects of intracellular MTSET on channel activity. The effects of Zn2+ are disrupted by V228L, Y529A, and Y232A. Collectively, our findings indicate that there is conformational coupling between CBS domains and the H and R membrane helices mediated by the H-I loop. We propose a simple model by which conformational changes in H and R helices mediate CLH-3b regulation by activation domain phosphorylation.
Processing of Flour Tortillas

All wheat tortilla recipes contain refined or whole-wheat flour, water, fat, and salt as major ingredients and sodium bicarbonate or baking powder, acidulants, preservatives, emulsifiers, gums, and reducing and flavoring compounds as additional ingredients to improve appearance, flavor, texture, and microbial shelf life. Wheat flour tortillas are manufactured after four sequential major operations: dough mixing, tortilla forming, baking, and cooling. Dough mixing is critical in generating an optimally mixed dough suitable for cutting, proofing, and forming into a tortilla disk. Water absorption, dough mixing time, and water temperature are key factors to control during this critical operation. Tortillas discs are manufactured by three major methods: hot-press, die-cut, or hand-stretch. Undoubtedly, the most popular and widely used method is the hot-press. Each technology requires different flour specifications, dough preparation, and baking conditions, resulting in distinct tortilla characteristics. The resulting raw tortilla disks are usually baked into tortillas in a continuous three-tier oven. During this operation, which last less than 1 min, the gluten denatures, the starch gelatinizes, the contaminating microbes perish, and the tortilla puffs, developing color and flavor due to Maillard reactions. Next, tortillas are commonly cooled in a rack before packaging. This operation is critical because it affects shelf life. Hot-press wheat tortillas, compared with die-cut or hand-stretched products, are smoother in surface texture, more elastic, slightly chewy, and resistant to tearing and cracking. They are the preferred type for making wraps. Hand-stretch tortillas are consumed as table tortillas, burritos, and some fried products. These tortillas commonly have dusting flour on the surface, irregular shapes, moderate elasticity, and a firmer bite compared with their hot-press counterparts. Die-cut tortillas are mainly used in burritos, frozen Mexican foods, and fried products, i.e., taco salad bowls, taco shells, chimichangas, and bunuelos. Die-cut tortillas often have dusting flour on the surface, lower moisture content, and a pasty mouthfeel and are less resistant to cracking during storage.
BAFF Induces Tertiary Lymphoid Structures and Positions T Cells within the Glomeruli during Lupus Nephritis.

Tissue-specific immune responses play an important role in the pathology of autoimmune diseases. In systemic lupus erythematosus, deposits of IgG-immune complexes and the activation of complement in the kidney have long been thought to promote inflammation and lupus nephritis. However, the events that localize cells in non-lymphoid tertiary organs and sustain tissue-specific immune responses remain undefined. In this manuscript, we show that BAFF promotes events leading to lupus nephritis. Using an inducible model of systemic lupus erythematosus, we found that passive transfer of antinucleosome IgG into AID −/− MRL/lpr mice elevated autoantibody levels and promoted lupus nephritis by inducing BAFF production in the kidneys, and the formation of renal tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs). Reducing BAFF in vivo prevented the formation of TLSs and lupus nephritis; however, it did not reduce immune cell infiltrates, or the deposits of IgG and complement in the kidney. Mechanistically, lowering BAFF levels also diminished the number of T cells positioned inside the glomeruli and reduced inflammation. Thus, BAFF plays a previously unappreciated role in lupus nephritis by inducing renal TLSs and regulating the position of T cells within the glomeruli.
Bovine carotid artery xenografts for hemodialysis access

Abstract Objective Bovine carotid artery (BCA) grafts have been described as a possibly superior alternative to expanded polytetrafluoroethylene hemoaccess grafts. However, published experience remains limited, and patency rates for nonautogenous arteriovenous grafts remain unsatisfactory. We report herein the largest published experience with the current generation of BCA grafts for dialysis access and analyze subgroups to determine whether obesity, gender, or prior access surgery influences patency. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 134 BCA grafts (Artegraft, North Brunswick, NJ) implanted for hemodialysis access in the upper extremities of 126 patients between January 2012 and May 2015. Patients had a mean of 1.8 prior access operations. Primary, primary assisted, and secondary patency rates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and longitudinal infection risk was tabulated. Patency differences were calculated using the log-rank method. Results For the entire group, 1-year primary patency was 32%, primary assisted patency was 49%, and secondary patency was 78%. Ten of 133 grafts (7%) developed infection requiring graft excision between 1 and 9 months after implantation. There was no statistical difference between men and women in primary or secondary patency ( P = .88, P = .69). There was no difference in primary patency or secondary patency for patients with body mass index >30 or P = .85, P = .54). Patients who had a BCA graft as their first access attempt had a higher primary and primary assisted patency than that of patients who had the graft placed after prior access failure ( P = .039, P = .024). Conclusions This represents the largest published series of BCA grafts for arteriovenous grafts in the modern era. The primary patency of BCA grafts in this series was lower than that reported in a smaller randomized study. However, primary assisted and secondary patency were similar. Infection rates in this series appear to be somewhat lower than polytetrafluoroethylene infection rates reported in the literature. BCA grafts are a satisfactory alternative to expanded polytetrafluoroethylene for hemodialysis access, but larger controlled studies are needed to determine whether superior primary patency previously reported is a reproducible finding.
Supraspinatus tendon micromorphology in individuals with subacromial pain syndrome.

Abstract Study Design Cross-sectional cohort. Introduction Tendon collagen organization can be estimated by peak spatial frequency radius (PSFR) on ultrasound images. Characterizing PSFR can define the contribution of collagen disruption to shoulder symptoms. Purpose of the Study The purpose of this was to characterize the (1) supraspinatus tendon PSFR in participants with subacromial pain syndrome (SPS) and healthy controls; (2) PSFR between participants grouped on a tendon visual quality score; and (3) relationship between PSFR with patient-reported pain, function, and shoulder strength. Methods Participants with SPS ( n = 20) and age, sex, and arm-dominance–matched healthy controls ( n = 20) completed strength testing in scaption and external rotation, and patient-reported pain, and functional outcomes. Supraspinatus tendon ultrasound images were acquired, and PSFR was calculated for a region of interest 15 mm medial to the supraspinatus footprint. PSFR was compared between groups using an independent t -test and an analysis of variance to compare between 3 groups for visually qualitatively rated tendon abnormalities. Relationships between PSFR with pain, function, and strength were assessed using Pearson correlation coefficient. Results Supraspinatus tendon PSFR was not different between groups ( P = .190) or tendon qualitative ratings ( P = .556). No relationship was found between PSFR and pain, functional loss, and strength ( P > .05). Conclusions Collagen disruption (PSFR) measured via ultrasound images of the supraspinatus tendon was not different between participants with SPS or in those with visually rated tendon defects. PSFR is not related to shoulder pain, function, and strength, suggesting that supraspinatus tendon collagen disorganization may not be a contributing factor to shoulder SPS. However, collagen disruption may not be isolated to a single region of interest. Level of Evidence 3b: case-control study.
Highly Rechargeable Lithium-CO2 Batteries with a Boron- and Nitrogen-Codoped Holey-Graphene Cathode.

Metal-air batteries, especially Li-air batteries, have attracted significant research attention in the past decade. However, the electrochemical reactions between CO2 (0.04 % in ambient air) with Li anode may lead to the irreversible formation of insulating Li2CO3, making the battery less rechargeable. To make the Li-CO2 batteries usable under ambient conditions, it is critical to develop highly efficient catalysts for the CO2 reduction and evolution reactions and investigate the electrochemical behavior of Li-CO2 batteries. Here, we demonstrate a rechargeable Li-CO2 battery with a high reversibility by using B,N-codoped holey graphene as a highly efficient catalyst for CO2 reduction and evolution reactions. Benefiting from the unique porous holey nanostructure and high catalytic activity of the cathode, the as-prepared Li-CO2 batteries exhibit high reversibility, low polarization, excellent rate performance, and superior long-term cycling stability over 200 cycles at a high current density of 1.0 A g−1. Our results open up new possibilities for the development of long-term Li-air batteries reusable under ambient conditions, and the utilization and storage of CO2.
Plant-Herbivore Interactions in a North American Mixed-Grass Prairie. I. Effects of Black-Tailed Prairie Dogs on Intraseasonal Aboveground Plant Biomass and Nutrient Dynamics and Plant Species Diversity

Seasonal dynamics of soil nematodes and root biomass were examined from under western wheatgrass (Agropyron smithii) and little bluestem (Andropogon scoparius) from a heavily grazed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) colony occupied for 5 to 10 years and an adjacent lightly grazed, uncolonized area in Wind Cave National Park, South Dakota, USA. Nematodes were differentiated into classes of plant-parasitic Tylenchida and Dorylaimida and nonparasitic Dorylamida and Rhabditida. Root-feeding nematodes were generally more numerous from A. smithii than from A. scoparius, while nonparasitic populations were not different in soil from beneath the two plant species. Rhabditida, parasitic Dorylaimida and Tylenchida (from A. scoparius only) were more numerous on the prairie dog colony than from the uncolonized site, but nonparasitic Dorylaimida populations did not differ between the two areas. Mean total (live plus dead) root biomass beneath A. scoparius and A. smithii on the prairie dog colony averaged 71% and 81%, respectively, of values from the uncolonized area. Estimated consumption by root-feeding nematodes averaged 12.6% and 5.8% of annual net root production in the upper 10 cm from the prairie dog colony and uncolonized site, respectively. We conclude that, because of microhabitat modification or reductions in plant resistance to nematodes, heavy grazing by aboveground herbivores apparently facilitates grazing by belowground herbivores. Because heavily grazed plants have less roots than lightly grazed or ungrazed plants, the impact of root-feeding nematodes on primary producers is likely to be greatest in heavily grazed grasslands.
Clinical and Laboratory Risk Factors for Venous Thromboembolism in Patients with High-Grade Gliomas: Results of a Prospective Study of 107 Newly-Diagnosed Patients.

Introduction: Patients with malignant gliomas are at high risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE). The reason for this association is unclear. We sought to identify clinical and laboratory risk factors for VTE in adult patients with high-grade gliomas. Methods: The NABTT CNS Consortium prospectively enrolled patients with newly-diagnosed grade 3 or 4 malignant glioma prior to anti-neoplastic therapy. Patients with a previous history of VTE, anti-neoplastic therapy or on chronic anticoagulation were excluded. At enrollment, we collected demographic and clinical information (age, gender, ethnicity, tumor histopathology and grade, Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS), and ABO blood group) and blood samples for measurement of factor VIII activity (FVIII), fibrinogen, and quantitative D dimer using standard laboratory assays. Endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) was measured using Innovin® and a synthetic chromagenic thrombin substrate on a BCS® coagulation analyzer (Dade Behring Inc. Newark, DE). Fisher’s exact test and the Student’s-T test were used for individual comparison of categorical data and continuous data, respectively. Cox regression modeling was used to examine the association of factors with VTE. The probability of thrombosis-free survival was estimated using the product-limit method of Kaplan and Meier. Results: One hundred seven patients (49% male) with a median age 57 years (range 28–85) were enrolled between 6/05 and 4/08. Ninety patients (84%) had glioblastoma multiforme. Median KPS at enrollment was 90. After a median follow up of 324 days, twenty two patients (21%) have suffered VTE and 45 patients (42%) have died. Median time to VTE was 67 days post-operation (95% Confidence Interval 33–128). No fatal VTE have occurred. VTE was associated with a lower KPS (p=0.008), higher baseline FVIII (178% versus 151%, p=0.04) and greater ETP (473nmol/L versus 438nmol/L, p=0.04) but not with ABO blood group. Patients suffering VTE were more likely to die than patients without VTE (68% versus 35%, p Conclusions: In a prospective cohort study of newly-diagnosed patients with high-grade gliomas, we have identified a substantial incidence of VTE. Patients with VTE had a lower initial KPS, higher factor VIII activity, greater ETP and were more likely to die than patients without VTE. With additional follow up, we hope to identify additional clinical and laboratory risk factors for VTE. These data should lead to greater insight into the pathogenesis of VTE in patients with high-grade gliomas and facilitate identification of patients in whom primary long-term VTE prophylaxis may be beneficial.
Scattering for radial energy-subcritical wave equations in dimensions 4 and 5

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we consider the focusing and defocusing energy-subcritical, nonlinear wave equation in ℝ1+d with radial initial data for d = 4,5. We prove that if a solution remains bounded in the critical space on its interval of existence, then the solution exists globally and scatters at ±∞. The proof follows the concentration compactness/rigidity method initiated by Kenig and Merle, and the main obstacle is to show the nonexistence of nonzero solutions with a certain compactness property. A main novelty of this work is the use of a simple virial argument to rule out the existence of nonzero solutions with this compactness property rather than channels of energy arguments that have been proven to be most useful in odd dimensions.
Significance of statins and antiplatelet molecules in hyperacute acute ischemic stroke outcome

Introduction: Ischemic stroke is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. However, the interface of various premorbid medical conditions, vascular risk factors prior, prior antithrombotic or statins medication use, and in-hospital complications in effecting outcomes is not clearly established. We attempt establishing factors associated with improved outcomes after an acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Materials and Methods: Using the prospectively collected database, University Health Consortium from 1999 to 2004, a national USA database, multivariate step-wise backward regression analysis was performed and we were able to define premorbid characteristics, and medications that affect the outcome of AIS. Results: Initial stroke severity and poststroke in-hospital complications were associated with a poor outcome, while prior antiplatelet drug use was associated with an improved outcome. Statin use demonstrated a trend toward an improved outcome.
Analysis, Design, and Demonstration of a 25-kW Dynamic Wireless Charging System for Roadway Electric Vehicles

Dynamic wireless charging of electric vehicles (EVs) can significantly extend the EVs’ driving range and consequently, the prospect of electrified transportation. In this paper, a comprehensive study is conducted to elaborate the constraints of real driving conditions and propose a solution that could cope with misalignment problem and the dynamics imposed by the charging process and by EVs passing over road-embedded charging pads. A dual-loop primary controller is proposed to regulate primary-side power and current. The controller allows sequential and timely activation of segmented primary coils; it controls the primary coil current at the reference value under no-load and loaded conditions, compensates for power transfer reduction caused by the vehicle lateral misalignment (LTM), and prevents primary overloading. The primary of the dynamic wireless charger is modeled using the generalized state-space averaging method and the model is verified through simulations and experiments. After that, a controller has been designed and implemented and its operation is evaluated through simulations and experimental tests. A 25-kW charging system with two primary coils is built and tested in a real environment. The measured energy efficiency is 86% for the laterally aligned vehicle, with the possibility to be increased over 90% using enhanced schemes for coils’ activation and deactivation. The system is delivering an equal amount of energy for all LTMs in the range of ±15 cm, which improves the expected value of transferred energy by more than 30%.
Volitional Voiding of the Bladder after Spinal Cord Injury: Validation of Bilateral Lower Extremity Motor Function as a Key Predictor

Purpose: In many individuals with spinal cord injury a return of volitional bladder voiding is considered more important than regaining motor function. Recently a predictive model using only composite bilateral lower extremity motor scores for levels L2-S1 (range 0 to 50) was proposed by the EMSCI (European Multicenter Study about Spinal Cord Injury) group. The model showed exceptional predictive power with an AUC of 0.912. We sought to further validate the EMSCI model in a national spinal cord injury cohort.Materials and Methods: We created models of volitional voiding using the United States NSCID (National Spinal Cord Injury Database) for 2007 to 2016. In addition to testing lower extremity motor scores, we evaluated other patient variables that we hypothesized might affect volitional voiding.Results: Volitional voiding was present in 1,333 of the cohort of 4,327 individuals (30.8%) at 1-year followup. While younger age, female gender, increased sacral sparing, improved AIS (American Spinal Injury Asso...
Recurrent Acute Decompensated Heart Failure Admissions for Patients With Reduced Versus Preserved Ejection Fraction (from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study)

Hospitals are required to report all-cause 30-day readmissions for patients discharged with heart failure. Same-cause readmissions have received less attention but may differ for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) versus heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). The ARIC study began abstracting medical records for cohort members hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) in 2005. ADHF was validated by physician review, with HFrEF defined by ejection fraction
Interpolating inductance coupling effects for package and PCB simulation

A simple interpolating formula is proposed to model the frequency dependent inductance coupling effect between parallel plate and stripline modes. It requires only DC and high-frequency results of a transmission line. These results can be obtained more efficiently as compared to a general wide band 2D full wave simulation algorithm such as FEM or MOM. Numerical tests show that the proposed method agrees reasonably well with 2D full wave simulation
Association of Perioperative Red Blood Cell Transfusions With Venous Thromboembolism in a North American Registry.

Importance Increasing evidence supports the role of red blood cells (RBCs) in physiological hemostasis and pathologic thrombosis. Red blood cells are commonly transfused in the perioperative period; however, their association with postoperative thrombotic events remains unclear. Objective To examine the association between perioperative RBC transfusions and postoperative venous thromboembolism (VTE) within 30 days of surgery. Design, Setting, and Participants This analysis used prospectively collected registry data from the American College of Surgery National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database, a validated registry of 525 teaching and nonteaching hospitals in North America. Participants included patients in the ACS-NSQIP registry who underwent a surgical procedure from January 1 through December 31, 2014. Data were analyzed from July 1, 2016, through March 15, 2018. Main Outcomes and Measures Risk-adjusted odds ratios (aORs) were estimated using multivariable logistic regression. The primary outcome was the development of postoperative VTE (deep venous thrombosis [DVT] and pulmonary embolism [PE]) within 30 days of surgery that warranted therapeutic intervention; DVT and PE were also examined separately as secondary outcomes. Subgroup analyses were performed by surgical subtypes. Propensity score matching was performed for sensitivity analyses. Results Of 750 937 patients (56.8% women; median age, 58 years; interquartile range, 44-69 years), 47 410 (6.3%) received at least 1 perioperative RBC transfusion. Postoperative VTE occurred in 6309 patients (0.8%) (DVT in 4336 [0.6%]; PE in 2514 [0.3%]; both DVT and PE in 541 [0.1%]). Perioperative RBC transfusion was associated with higher odds of VTE (aOR, 2.1; 95% CI, 2.0-2.3), DVT (aOR, 2.2; 95% CI, 2.1-2.4), and PE (aOR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.7-2.1), independent of various putative risk factors. A significant dose-response effect was observed with increased odds of VTE as the number of intraoperative and/or postoperative RBC transfusion events increased (aOR, 2.1 [95% CI, 2.0-2.3] for 1 event; 3.1 [95% CI, 1.7-5.7] for 2 events; and 4.5 [95% CI, 1.0-19.4] for ≥3 events vs no intraoperative or postoperative RBC transfusion;P Conclusions and Relevance The results of this study suggest that perioperative RBC transfusions may be significantly associated with the development of new or progressive postoperative VTE, independent of several putative confounders. These findings, if validated, should reinforce the importance of rigorous perioperative management of blood transfusion practices.
A DETERMINISTIC MODEL OF THE SPREAD OF AN INFECTION BETWEEN TWO POPULATIONS

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a deterministic model of the spread of an infection between two populations. It also presents a model for the spread of an infection within two populations, where the disease may be transmitted only by the members of one population to members of the other. The mathematical consequence of the threshold phenomenon described in the chapter is that, a particularly difficult kind of delay comes into the equation. In discussing the model, the first population, traditionally called the host population, is divided into four disjoint classes. The second population, the vector population, is divided in the same way as the first one. As presented, the roles of vector and host are symmetric and no distinction is made other than to identify the populations.
Trouble on the far right: contemporary right-wing strategies and practices in Europe

Extremist movements have many things in common, whether domestic or international in scope. Insights into right-wing mobilization efforts and other strategies are important if societies ever hope t...
Effective Suppression of the Polysulfide Shuttle Effect in Lithium-Sulfur Batteries by Implementing rGO-PEDOT:PSS-Coated Separators via Air-Controlled Electrospray.

Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries have been earning significant attention because of their high energy density and cost efficiency. Albeit these outstanding qualities, the polysulfide shuttling effec...
Weaponizing vulnerability to climate change

Abstract As scores of climate change adaptation measures are implemented around the world, there have been growing calls among academics and practitioners to also address the processes that underpin human vulnerability to climate change. However, there is mounting evidence that adaptation and vulnerability are linked, such that ostensibly adaptive responses can have negative consequences and augment people’s vulnerability. We analyzed several climate change responses at various scales and developed a typology of five discrete but related modes by which the vulnerability of already vulnerable populations is being [re]produced. Crucially, this work suggests that for at least one of these modes, the vulnerability of other groups is perversely inverted, such that relatively secure populations perceive themselves to be at risk. The cases we present illustrate that people’s vulnerability is being used against them, or put another way, is being weaponized―exacerbating their precarity by excluding them from much needed and due assistance, while directing resources instead to bolstering the well-being of those already well-positioned to respond to climate threats. Our typology provides a theoretical intervention by illustrating how climate vulnerability and security are co-produced, as well as a practical tool to help decision makers to adopt more just and equitable climate policies.
Shocks, states, and societal corporatism: a shorter path to sustainability?

Fatalism about the inevitability of disruptive climate change has spread in recent years among environmentally concerned citizens. Slow moving, delayed, and ineffectual campaigns to limit greenhouse gas emissions have persuaded some observers that industrial societies are incapable of enacting and implementing thoroughgoing environmental reforms. This paper tries to counter this pessimism by outlining the circumstances that enabled rapid and far-reaching environmental reforms during the twentieth century. It does so through a comparative historical analysis of radical environmental reforms in Maine, the Great Plains, Cuba, and England. Three circumstances spurred these episodes of radical reform. Disruptive focusing events alarmed people by underlining sharp limits in the resources available to them. In response to the alarm, citizens and elites mobilized across scales to press for change. The changes occurred through corporatist political processes in which practitioners like farmers and real estate developers altered the norms governing environmentally consequential activities in ways beneficial to the environment.
Choice, Cyber Charter Schools, and the Educational Marketplace for Rural School Districts

Pennsylvania is a state with significant proportions of students who attend rural schools, as well as students who attend charter schools. This study examines enrollment patterns of students in brick and mortar and cyber charter schools in Pennsylvania and how these enrollment patterns differ across geographic locale. We analyze student-level enrollment data, controlling for demographic characteristics, and find that, in contrast to brick and mortar schools, cyber charter schools attract students from a variety of locales across the urban-rural continuum. However, rural students exhibit the greatest likelihood of attending cyber charter schools. We discuss the implications of these findings in relation to educational equity, cyber charter school underperformance, and the fiscal impacts of charter schools on the budgets of small school districts.
A Look at the Effect of Racism on Clinical Work.

With therapists influenced either by color blindness or ethnocentricity, patients tend to lose their individual richness and complexity
Translating Pagu’s 'Industrial Park': São Paulo in 1933

Testimonial on the translation ofGALVAO, P. Industrial Park. Elizabeth Jackson and K. David Jackson, trans. Lincoln: U Nebraska P, 1993.
The geography of innovation

Preface. 1. Introduction. 2. Why Location Matters for Innovative Activity. 3. Spatial Patterns of Innovation. 4. Technological Infrastructure. 5. Regional Innovative Capacity. 6. Policy Implications. Appendix. Bibliography. Index.
Computational operations research exchange (core): a cyber-infrastructure for analytics

cORe is a new cyber-infrastructure which will facilitate computational Operations Research exchange. OR models arise in many engineering domains, such as design, manufacturing, and services (e.g., banking/finance, health systems), as well as specific infrastructure-centric applications such as logistics/supply chains, power system operations, telecommunications, traffic/ transportation, and many more. In addition, modern OR tools have also been adopted in many foundational disciplines, such as computer science, machine learning, and others. Given the broad footprint of OR, the development of a robust cyber-infrastructure has the potential to not only promote greater exchange of data, models, software, and experiments but also enhance reproducibility and re-usability, both within OR, and across multiple disciplines mentioned above. cORe also has the potential to drastically reduce the computational burden on research communities which study resource allocation using analytics. This paper presents an overview of the functionality, design, and computations using cORe.
Critical thinking perspectives of undergraduate students: How they think about climate change impacts on global food security and hunger

Today’s learners need support in not only developing capacity for a global mindset, but also for thinking critically about the world. Employers are seeking graduates who can enter the workforce prepared to work within agriculture with the ability to understand its complexities. Higher education institutions have been called upon to provide this to students and faculty are often charged with this responsibility. However, faculty are often unprepared to provide this level of instruction and need support in order to foster this in the classroom. Student participants in this study were exposed to scenarios, which are a tool used to provide multiple perspectives and outcomes to real-life scenarios. Faculty used the scenarios to complement course instruction with respect to the impacts of climate change on food security and hunger. Using Facione’s (1990) framework for critical thinking skill, statements submitted by students both prior to the scenario and post were analyzed. It was found that while students demonstrated critical thinking in both the pre and post, the post statements were much richer, in-depth, and thoughtful in how critical thinking was demonstrated. This showed that faculty support, combined with innovative teaching methods, like scenarios, will encourage students’ building of capacity for critical thinking.
Potential Applications of Greener Synthesized Silver and Gold Nanoparticles in Medicine

Silver and gold nanoparticles have changed the medical field in various ways. Due to their very small sizes, high surface area, and physical and chemical properties, they have found widespread applications in drug delivery, imaging, diagnosis, and therapeutics. They usually respond significantly to the magnetic field which varies with time, and hence they can transfer enough thermal energy. Their unique physicochemical properties have led to the development of biosensors for point-of-care disease diagnosis. Greener synthesized gold and silver nanoparticles have also revealed anticancer activity toward numerous cancer cells. In this book chapter, we will therefore explore the potential application of greener synthesized silver and gold nanoparticles in the medical field.
Affective Nihilists, Weak Agents

In this chapter, I explain that for Nietzsche, affective nihilism (as a drive-based, psychophysiological disorder) is a problem of weakened agency. Otherwise put, affective nihilists are weak agents, though Nietzsche offers different version of this will-weakness: either the intensity of one’s will is diminished due to the weakened activity of one’s drives, or the efficacy and endurance of one’s will drops off as one’s will is fragmented into a chaotic cluster of contradictory drives.
Linking Foliar Traits to Belowground Processes

Above- and belowground systems are linked via plant chemistry. In forested systems, leaf litter chemistry and quality mirror that of green foliage and have important afterlife effects. In systems where belowground inputs dominate, such as grasslands, or in ecosystems where aboveground biomass is frequently removed by burning or harvesting, foliar traits may provide important information regarding belowground inputs via exudates and fine-root turnover. Many, if not most, of the plant traits that drive variation in belowground processes are also measurable via remote sensing technologies. The ability of remote sensing techniques to measure fine-scale biodiversity and plant chemistry over large spatial scales can help researchers address ecological questions that were previously prohibitively expensive to address. Key to these potential advances is the idea that remotely sensed vegetation spectra and plant chemistry can provide detailed information about the function of belowground processes beyond what traditional field sampling can provide.
Abstract 6131: Development of a transgenic porcine model of pancreatic adenocarcinoma

Introduction Five-year survival from pancreatic cancer (PC) is less than 10% and has not changed substantially in decades. Current murine models may not adequately mimic human PC which may contribute to the lack of progress in survival. We attempted PC induction in transgenic swine with the goal of creating a more clinically-relevant model. Methods Transgenic Oncopigs (n=8, male, 5 mo; wt 37.2 kg, nsrrc.missouri.edu; somatic LSL cassette TP53R167H and KRASG12D) were injected via laparotomy with AdCre (1010 vp/uL) ± IL-8 (5 ng/mL; for adenoviral entry into epithelia and local inflammation) into the main pancreatic duct (MPD; via duodenotomy) or duct to the isolated pancreatic connecting lobe (CL). Wildtype (WT) control pigs (n=6, male, 5mo; wt 45kg UNL Mead) were also injected via laparotomy with either normal saline (NS), AdCre, or AdCre + IL-8 (5ng/mL) into the CL. Subjects were necropsied after ≤10 wk, followed by histology (Table 1.) Results Subject Oncopig 1 died prematurely from gastric perforation (tissue NA); subjects Oncopigs 3, 4, 5, 7 were euthanized early due to illness (manifested as decreased feeding, decreased stooling, abdominal distension). Necropsy revealed fulminant hemorrhagic pancreatitis which resulted in gastric outlet obstruction. Subject Oncopig 7 also was noted to have peritoneal carcinomatosis. Subjects Oncopigs 2, 6, 8 were clinically well at euthanasia. Subjects Oncopigs 2, 6, 8 did not have any tumor on HE necropsy showed no gross evidence of pancreatitis. HE 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 6131.
Women Have More Early Right Heart Failure But No Increase in Later Right Heart Failure After LVAD Implantation: An INTERMACS Analysis

Introduction Despite an increase in the prevalence of advanced heart failure in women, women are less likely to be treated with durable LVAD therapy and may have increased risk of early post LVAD complications. Previous studies have shown that women have increased risk of post LVAD early right heart failure (ERHF) and need for RVAD support. However, it is unclear if women have a higher risk of developing late right heart failure (LRHF). Hypothesis We sought to investigate whether women are more likely to develop ERHF and LRHF post LVAD implantation and further assess whether sex modifies the relationship between ERHF and long term outcomes. Methods We included 12,923 patients from the INTERMACS registry who received primary continuous-flow (CF)-LVAD between 2012-2017. ERHF was defined as death due to RHF by one month, need for RVAD by one month, or need for inotropes for more than 2 weeks. Cox regression was used to model the relationship of sex and both ERHF and LRHF, adjusting for the competing risk of death and receiving a heart transplantation using Fine-Gray methods. The interaction of sex and the relationship of ERHF and LRHF as well as sex and the relationship of ERHF and mortality were evaluated. Results Of those included, 22% were women and 78% were men. Women were younger (55 vs 58 y, p Conclusion Among those in the INTERMACS registry receiving primary CF-LVAD, females had a higher risk of ERHF but not LRHF. Further studies are needed to investigate reasons for the observed discrepancies.