cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Guest Editorial: Lidar

Lidar Special Section Guest Editorial John A. Reagan, MEMBER SPIE University of Arizona Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Tucson, Arizona 85721 This special section on lidar provides a snapshot of a variety of ongoing and future lidar applications and developments. It is by no means all inclusive because the field oflidar has grown too large in the almost 30 years since its inception to be treated comprehensively in a single issue.
Being Interviewed for Admission to a BSN Program: A Qualitative Inquiry

Nursing schools want to choose candidates most likely to successfully finish the program and many include interview as part of the admission process. Research on interviews as a component of admission has yet to address the students’ experience. The purpose of this study was to examine students’ lived experience of being interviewed for admission into a BSN program, with application of findings to more holistically examine the interview process. Three themes resulted from grounded theory analysis of 25 transcribed-verbatim interviews of nursing students. Seeing Me describes how the interview was a positive way of showing a side that was not represented on paper. Participants shared an awareness that qualities needed in a nurse (The Right Stuff) are better assessed with interview. The interview marked when the Beginning of the Nursing Journey felt real. This paper considers the student’s experience and helps us more holistically examine effective processes for admission to a nursing program.
Über Silicat-Trägerkatalysatoren†

Durch Reduktion der kristallisierten Silbersilicate Ag4SiO4, Ag2SiO3 und Ag2Si2O5 entstehen Tragerkatalysatoren von Ag auf SiO2, die gegenuber dem Zerfall des HCOOH Dampfes sehr wirksam sind. Die wirksamsten Katalysatoren ergibt das Schichtsilicat Ag2Si2O5; ihre Aktivitat nimmt mit steigender Reduktions- bzw. Temperatur noch zu, dies wird auf die Ausbildung guter Kristallflachen des Ag zuruckgefuhrt. Durch Behandeln einer „Phyllokieselsaure, H2Si2O5”, mit Losungen der entsprechenden Metallammoniakate sind Ni- und Cu-haltige Produkte hergestellt worden, die nach Reduktion ebenfalls sehr wirksame Ni- bzw. CuSiO2-Tragerkatalysatoren ergeben. Die hohe katalytische Aktivitat und gute Temperaturbestandigkeit derjenigen Kontakte, die aus Schichtsilicaten hergestellt worden sind, lassen den Schlus zu, das Silicate mit Schichtanione bei der Reduktion einen besonders geeigneten SiO2-Trager ergeben. AgSiO2-carrier catalysts exhibiting high activities on the decomposition of formic acid vapour have been prepared by reduction of the crystalline silver silicates Ag4SiO4, Ag2SiO3, and Ag2Si2O5 The activities of the most effective catalysts being prepared from the phyllosilicate Ag2Si2O5 increase with higher reduction and annealing temperatures, respectively. This effects is supposed to be due to the formation of well-crystallized silver surfaces. Similarly active NiSiO2- and CuSiO2-catalysts are formed by reduction of the products resulting from interaction between the phyllosilicic acid H2Si2O5 and solution of nickel and copper ammoniates, respectively. From the valuable properties of these catalysts, it is concluded that metal silicates possessing layer anions yield an especially suitable SiO2-carrier on reduction.
The degrees of freedom region of the MIMO interference channel with delayed CSIT

The degrees of freedom (DoF) region of the 2-user MIMO interference channel (IC) is studied under fast fading and the assumption of delayed channel state information at transmitters (CSIT) wherein the receivers know all channel matrices perfectly and the transmitters acquire this knowledge with a certain delay. An outer bound to the DoF region is first derived. This bound is then shown to be tight for all possible values of the number of antennas at the four terminals. This is done by developing interference alignment based achievability schemes. A comparison of the DoF region under the delayed CSIT assumption is made with that of the idealistic perfect CSIT assumption where perfect and global channel knowledge (without delay) is available at the transmitters (and receivers) on the one hand and with the DoF region of the conservative no CSI assumption on the other, where CSI is available at the receivers but not at all at the transmitters.
THE SUBSTITUTABILITY OF CAPITAL, LABOR, AND R&D IN US MANUFACTURING

This paper examines the relationship between inputs in industrial production. The inputs studied here are capital, labor, and research and development (R&D). Using translog technology, our cross-industry analysis of six industries reveals that capital and labor are complements in production while R&D and labor are substitutes. However, the relationship between capital and R&D is not so clear cut. It is also found that constant-returns-to-scale hold for only two of the six industries. A test of sensitivity to changes in the R&D depreciation rates suggests that some industries are sensitive to such changes.
Ocular hypertension and hypotony as determinates of outcomes in uveitis

To assess ocular hypertension (OHT) and hypotony as outcomes of uveitis in patients managed in a mid-Atlantic tertiary care center.Retrospective, observational study of uveitis patients seen at the University of Virginia from 1984 to 2014.A total of 442 patients (582 eyes) with uveitis were identified and included in the study. The patient population was 57.0% female. Overall, 61.9% were Caucasian and 26.6% were African American. Mean age was 46.8 years. Overall, 11.5% of the eyes had OHT at initial visit, and 7.9% had OHT at final visit (P=0.035). For each additional decade of life, the odds that an eye had OHT were elevated by a factor of 1.15 (95% confidence interval [CI]: [1.02, 1.30], P=0.027) at initial visit and by a factor of 1.15 (95% CI: [1.00, 1.32], P=0.055) at final visit. The odds that an anterior uveitis eye had OHT were greater by a factor of 2.50 (95% CI: [1.22, 5.14], P=0.013) than the odds for a nonanterior uveitis eye at initial visit and greater by a factor of 2.61 (95% CI: [1.24, 5.50], P=0.011) at final visit. For each additional 0.5 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution increase in initial visual acuity, the odds that an affected eye had OHT were elevated by a factor of 1.18 (95% CI: [1.00, 1.39], P=0.047) at initial visit and 1.23 (95% CI: [0.99, 1.54], P=0.065) at final visit. Overall, 21 of 582 eyes (3.6%) were hypotonous initially, while 24 of 582 eyes (4.1%) were hypotonous at final follow-up (P=0.631).OHT was associated with increasing age, anterior uveitis, and poor presenting visual acuity. Ocular hypotony was more common in anterior uveitis than in nonanterior uveitis. Fluctuations in intraocular pressure are an important cause of visual impairment in patients with uveitis. Careful monitoring of all uveitis patients, and especially those most at risk for fluctuations in intraocular pressure, can preserve vision and improve patient outcomes.
The Occurrence of Hepatitis B Virus amongst Blood Donors Attending the Bamenda Regional Hospital

Hepatitis B virus is a major cause of liver disease worldwide and the infection may go unnoticed because more than 50% of the cases are asymptomatic. Infected people therefore either unconsciously contribute to the transmission of the virus or do not seek medical attention resulting in liver cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. This study therefore evaluated the occurrence of HBV amongst blood donors attending the Bamenda Regional Hospital. This cross - sectional hospital based study involved 100 blood donors who randomly selected to participate. Screening for HBV was done using the One Step Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Test Strip (DiaSpot). From the results, the prevalence of HBV was found to be 14.0%. Majority of the participants were males (83.0%) within the age range of 25 - 31 years (35.0%). Also from the positive cases of HBV identified, majority of them were male replacement donors (12.0%) who were within the age range of 25 - 31 years (6.0%) and were singles (8.0%). In conclusion, the prevalence of HBV in this study was high (14.0%) with the highest prevalence amongst male replacement donors within the age range of 25 - 31 years.
Conformational Effects of Adsorbed Polymer on the Swelling Behavior of Engineered Clay Minerals

The conformational behavior of polymers in clay-polymer nanocomposites (CPN) is not fully understood because of the many factors involved. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the conformational behavior of a polymer at the micro- and meso-scales in order to predict the behavior of tunable CPN. The study used a pH-responsive polymer, polyacrylamide, which has time-dependent hydrolysis response properties, to examine micro-scale conformational behavior of the polymer adsorbed on representative clay-mineral surfaces, SiO2 and Al2O3. A nanocomposite and a microcomposite were used to link meso-scale CPN behavior to micro-scale polymer conformation. The conformational behavior was characterized using in situ, real-time spectroscopic ellipsometry. The contracted coil conformation of polyacrylamide was observed at pH = 3, while extended conformation was observed at pH = 11.5 on both SiO2 and Al2O3 surfaces. At pH = 11.5, the polymer conformation changed from expanded coil to extended conformation over time. The polymer conformation changed more rapidly with the Al2O3 surface due to mineral dissolution at pH = 3 and 11.5. Swelling tests were conducted as functions of pH and time to link the micro-scale phenomena to meso-scale CPN behavior. The results indicated that the swelling potential of CPN corresponded to the conformation of adsorbed polyacrylamide, which varied with pH and time. The swelling potential of CPN was maximized at pH = 11.5 and decreased with decreasing pH, corresponding to the observed micro-scale conformational behavior.
The 1979 Energy Crisis Symposium—Introduction—

The year that ended the decade of the seventies contained a bewildering morass of energy-related events. The Chinese representation of the word "crisis," containing a symbol for "danger" and a symbol for "opportunity," well characterizes the effect of those events on federal-state relations. The following symposium races through a number of energyrelated events, some of which had prominent display in the news media and others which did not. There is little need to reintroduce each story here since Stephen L. Schechter has already performed that task in his introduction to this volume. However, it does seem useful to highlight a few themes which permeate this set of articles on the energy crisis in 1979. First, many of the articles seem to echo the notion James L. Regens sounds initially, namely that the energy policy arena seems peculiarly the province of "centrally-directed" federalism. In this version or perversion of the federalism concept, the national government makes policy, delegates implementation or administration responsibility to the states, and then supervises subnational implementation of a nationally-mandated regulation. One clear prototype for this model is the Natural Gas Policy Act of 1978 (NGPA), which Schechter mentions in his introduction. Although the national NGPA regulatory scheme is displacing traditionally state roles in this area, the states maintain important practical influences through their administrative decision-making and factfinding functions mandated by Congress. Somehow, this system seems more akin to the relationship between the Supreme Court and federal district courts than a typical relationship between federal and state agencies regulating the same subject matter. Another disturbing trend evident throughout the symposium is the rush to the federal courts by those dissatisfied with congressional and presidential adjustments to federal-state relations concerning energy issues. Donald Menzel and Terry Edgmon show how coal states delayed
O2-S3.05 STIs and neighbourhood drug markets: first a foray into measurement

Background Neighbourhoods with drug markets (as compared to those without) may be more likely to have a greater concentration of STI infected sex partners. The objectives of this study were to assess the reliability and validity of three measures of neighbourhood drug markets. Methods Data were collected from a cross-sectional household study of English-speaking, sexually-active persons, 15–24 years of age (n=568) residing in selected neighbourhoods (n=63). Participants responded via ACASI to “In your neighbourhood, are there any places like a street corner, block, house, club, bar, or other place where drug activity, like people selling or buying drugs, happens?” Survey reports were aggregated to the neighbourhood level and coded to > (vs Results Within-neighbourhood respondent agreement on survey-reports of neighbourhood drug markets had a reliability 0.50 and an intra class correlation of 0.10 (p Conclusions The results suggest that neighbourhood drug markets can be measured through the use of household survey-reports and drug arrest data; the use of SSOs was less clear. The mismatch of the drug market measures may have been due to differences between the measures in sensitivity and specificity.
Thromboxane Production in Copper-Deficient and Marginal Platelets: Influence of Superoxide Dismutase and Lipid Hydroperoxides:

~ Abstract. Platelet thromboxane (TX) production was examined in response to dietary copper. Groups of eight rats were fed copper-deficient, -marginal, and -adequate diets providing 0.5, 1.7, and 7.5 pg Cu/g, respectively, with controlled dietary Se and vitamin E. Platelets were purified and washed by centrifugation. Separate platelet samples from each rat were challenged with 10 pg/ml of collagen and 1 unitlml(27.3 nM) of thrombin in Tyrode's buffer, 2.0 mM Ca2+. Platelet copper-dependent superoxide dismutase (CuSOD) activity showed a significant depression with reduced diet copper, but platelet glutathione peroxidase activity was unaffected. Challenged platelet TX production showed a significant 1.5- to 2.5-fold increase in response to both dietary copper deficiency and marginality, with highly significant negative correlations between chal- lenged platelet TX production and platelet CuSOD activity and between TX production and copper status (liver copper). Endogenous (unchallenged) platelet lipid hydroperox- ide concentrations, measured as free fatty acid hydroperoxides by a glutathione- disulfide-specific glutathione reductase recycling assay, showed a nonsignificant 47- 67% increase in copper deficiency. Pooled data showed a significant 71% increase in platelet lipid hydroperoxides in copper deficiency. Platelet TX production showed a significant correlation with endogenous lipid hydroperoxides. The results suggest that dietary copper insufficiency increases platelet TX synthesis through changes in CuSOD in a dose-responsive (diet copper and platelet CuSOD activity) manner, and that platelet TX synthesis is influenced by lipid hydroperoxides (peroxide tone). (P.S.E.B.M. 1993, Vol2021
Caring for Them Like Family: How Structure and Culture Simultaneously Influence Contemporary African American Middle- and Upper-Middle-Class Mothers’ Kin and Community Child Care Choices

Scholars examining kin and community care have often sought to identify the relative importance of structural and cultural factors on the use and availability of these networks, but research has yielded unclear results in the case of child care. Cultural theories focus on how values, beliefs, and practices lead to differences in kin and community care; structural theories focus on how educational attainment, income, inherited power or inequality, and family structure lead to such differences. Using interviews with 60 African American middle- and upper-middle-class mothers, the author examines their preferences for kin and community members’ assistance in caring for their children. Although participants often had the resources to hire child care providers from the market, they also had access to, and preferred, kin and community networks of care. By examining participants’ accounts of their child care choices, the author identified four factors that influenced their orientations to kin: (1) participants’ e...
Initial experience with the low-molecular-weight heparin, enoxaparin, in combination with the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa blocker, tirofiban, in patients with non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndromes.

Abstract Enoxaparin, a low-molecular-weight heparin, and tirofiban, an intravenous platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist, have each been shown to be effective in reducing cardiac ischemic events compared to unfractionated heparin alone in separate trials of patients with unstable angina and non-Q wave myocardial infarction. The combination of these agents may offer further therapeutic benefit. In a pilot study (ACUTE I), fifty-five patients with non-Q wave myocardial infarction were randomized to receive double-blind treatment with tirofiban (0.1 microg/kg/min intravenously) for 48/108 hours co-administered with either enoxaparin (1 mg/kg sc q 12 hours) (n = 26) or unfractionated heparin (intravenous, adjusted to activated partial thromboplastin time) (n = 27). Co-administration of tirofiban and enoxaparin was generally well tolerated. Plasma clearance of tirofiban was similar for enoxaparin and unfractionated heparin-treated patients. When combined with tirofiban, enoxaparin, relative to unfractionated heparin, resulted in less variability and a trend toward greater inhibition of platelet aggregation using 5 microM adenosine phosphate agonist. More patients achieved target inhibition of platelet aggregation (> 70%) in the tirofiban and enoxaparin group (84% versus 65%; p = 0.19). Median bleeding time was 21 minutes for tirofiban and enoxaparin versus 30 minutes for tirofiban and unfractionated heparin (p = non-significant). For a given level of inhibition of platelet aggregation, bleeding time was less prolonged with tirofiban and enoxaparin than tirofiban and unfractionated heparin (adjusted mean bleeding time 19.6 versus 24.9 minutes, respectively; p = 0.02). There were no major or minor bleeding events in either group by the TIMI criteria. The more consistent inhibition of platelet aggregation and lower adjusted bleeding time of tirofiban and enoxaparin versus tirofiban and unfractionated heparin support the therapeutic potential of combining these two agents. These observations have now been extended to more than 500 patients.
The analysis of polyethylene cable insulation using microspectrophotometry

The use of a microspectrophotometer system allows the direct in-situ analysis of the composition of small features and regions of interest in polyethylene insulated electrical cables. The Nanometrics Nanospec™ model 10 and model 20 microspectrophotometers allow the investigator to cover the UV/VIS/IR spectrum with a spatial resolution of better than 2 microns under favorable conditions. The method is entirely nondestructive and involves little more sample preparation than is required for a conventional microscopic examination of cable insulation. This paper presents examples of the range of applications to which this method can be applied. The analysis of the interior composition of voids can be determined as to whether water, dicumyl peroxide, air, acetophenone, or some other compound is present. The migration of antioxidants and crosslinking agents in freshly manufactured and used cables is studied. The compositional variation in various regions of cable insulations which were insufficiently homogenized during manufacture will be presented. The direct analysis of such localized regions is nearly impossible using conventional IR spectroscopy due to the requirement for a comparatively large sample size and the difficulty of extracting regions of interest from the insulation.
How to Improve China's Securities Market Supervision System

How to improve China's securities supervision system is an important subject to ensure the healthy and stable development of China's securities market.This paper first introduces the theory of failure of supervision,and then deeply analyses the formation process of China's securities market supervision system and its characteristics,finally the article suggests on how to improve our securities supervision system.
Genetics of Autosomal Dominant Partial Epilepsy with Auditory Features (ADPEAF)

Data from 24 previously published ADPEAF families with mutations in the leucine-rich, glioma inactivated 1 gene (LGI1) were analyzed, in a study at Columbia University, New York.
Entrainment Heat Flux Computed with Lidar and Wavelet Technique in Buenos Aires During Last Chaitén Volcano Eruption

At Lidar Division of CEILAP (CITEDEF-CONICET) a multiwavelength Raman-Rayleigh lidar optimized to measure the atmospheric boundary layer is being operated. This instrument is used for monitoring important aerosol intrusion events in Buenos Aires, such as the arrival of volcanic ashes from the Chaiten volcano eruption on May 2008. That was the first monitoring of volcanic ash with lidar in Argentina. In this event several volcanic ash plumes with high aerosol optical thickness were detected in the free atmosphere, affecting the visibility, surface radiation and therefore, the ABL evolution. In this work, the impact of ashes in entrainment flux ratio is studied. This parameter is obtained from the atmospheric boundary layer height and entrainment zone thickness using algorithms based on covariance wavelet transform.
Automatic, multiple assessment options in undergraduate meteorology education

AbstractSince 2008, automatic, multiple assessment options have been utilised in selected undergraduate meteorology courses at the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee. Motivated by a desire to reduce stress among students, the assessment methodology includes examination-heavy and homework-heavy alternatives, differing by an adjustable 15% of the overall course grade. Students do not need to commit a priori to one particular assessment option, as the more beneficial of two alternative assessment schemes is automatically chosen at the end of the semester. An analysis of assessment score differences reveals that end-of-semester assessments increased by more than 1% for 48% of the students enrolled, a consequential increase which can improve a student’s assessment by a fractional grade. Score differences among the two assessment alternatives tend to be smaller for higher achieving students, and larger for the middle- and lower achieving students. Score differences larger than 3% were rare. Limited survey result...
Bullying and Cyberbullying

Bullying involves the repetitive and intentional intimidation, harassment, or physical harm of a victim perceived as unable to defend herself or himself. Thirty percent of students are regularly involved in bullying, either as perpetrator (13 %), target (10.6 %), or both (6.3 %). Types of bullying include physical (assault, property destruction), verbal (hurtful or demeaning speech, threats), social/relational (undermining reputation or relationships), and cyber (use of technology/internet). Characteristics that make an adolescent seem “different” than their peers carry a higher risk of victimization. Symptoms of bullying include declining school performance, social avoidance, or psychosomatic complaints (abdominal pain, headache, depression, anxiety). Bullying has lasting consequences for both victims and perpetrators, and requires intervention.
Basic Colonoscopic Techniques to Reach the Cecum

The procedure of colonoscopy demands skills that will only be mastered by first instruction and then experience. Large intestinal anatomic variation is the norm and challenges to a successful and complete examination are common. It is helpful to recall and implement basic techniques, maneuvers, and adjuncts that assist in reaching the cecum. What follows is a review of the various challenges to performing a complete colonoscopic examination. The chapter will describe and illustrate eight maneuvers and five adjuncts that can be incorporated into the armamentarium of the endoscopist performing colonoscopy. Only by practice and experience with these techniques can expertise be obtained as demonstrated by a high rate of exam completion.
A Macrocyclic Peptide Ligand Binds the Oncogenic MicroRNA-21 Precursor and Suppresses Dicer Processing

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) help orchestrate cellular growth and survival through post-transcriptional mechanisms. The dysregulation of miRNA biogenesis can lead to cellular growth defects and chemotherapeutic resistance and plays a direct role in the development of many chronic diseases. Among these RNAs, miR-21 is consistently overexpressed in most human cancers, leading to the down-regulation of key tumor-suppressing and pro-apoptotic factors, suggesting that inhibition of miR-21 biogenesis could reverse these negative effects. However, targeted inhibition of miR-21 using small molecules has had limited success. To overcome difficulties in targeting RNA secondary structure with small molecules, we developed a class of cyclic β-hairpin peptidomimetics which bind to RNA stem-loop structures, such as miRNA precursors, with potent affinity and specificity. We screened an existing cyclic peptide library and discovered a lead structure which binds to pre-miR21 with KD = 200 nM and prefers it over other pre-miRNAs. Th...
The Land Crabs of Costa Rica

The land crabs of Costa Rica, members of the families Gecarcinidae and Coenobitidae, are described and keys are presented for their identification. A review of the recent literature is presented and also a brief discussion of the habits and life history of these land crabs. Species accounts include information on common name, range, collecting sites, size, habitat and color.
Let Me Make It Up to You: Understanding the Mitigative Ability of Corporate Social Responsibility Following Product Recalls

The corporate social responsibility (CSR) literature recognizes that firms’ existing CSR reputation can serve as a safeguard from the impact of reputation-damaging events (e.g., product recalls) on a firm’s social legitimacy. However, the literature has yet to focus on the extent to which CSR activities can help mitigate such damage, post-event. This article examines how a firm’s social actions following a product recall facilitate the recovery of its diminished social legitimacy. We test our predictions using a sample of 197 product recalls involving 168 publicly traded corporations from 1999 to 2009 and demonstrate that the speed of the CSR response, the frequency of CSR activities, and the intensity of CSR activities have a significant effect on firm recovery following crisis. The effects were most pronounced in instances where the magnitude of the recall was most severe. The visibility of the recall has a limited impact on post-event recovery. We discuss our contributions to research on strategic CSR and recovery.
Deficient Sleep in Mouse Models of Fragile X Syndrome.

In patients with fragile X syndrome (FXS), sleep problems are commonly observed but are not well characterized. In animal models of FXS (dfmr1 and Fmr1 knockout (KO) /Fxr2 heterozygote) circadian rhythmicity is affected, but sleep per se has not been examined. We used a home-cage monitoring system to assess total sleep time in both light and dark phases in Fmr1 KO mice at different developmental stages. Fmr1 KOs at P21 do not differ from controls, but genotype x phase interactions in both adult (P70 and P180) groups are statistically significant indicating that sleep in Fmr1 KOs is reduced selectively in the light phase compared to controls. Our results show the emergence of abnormal sleep in Fmr1 KOs during the later stages of brain maturation. Treatment of adult Fmr1 KO mice with a GABAB agonist, R-baclofen, did not restore sleep duration in the light phase. In adult (P70) Fmr1 KO/Fxr2 heterozygote animals, total sleep time was further reduced, once again in the light phase. Our data highlight the importance of the fragile X genes (Fmr1 and Fxr2) in sleep physiology and confirm the utility of these mouse models in enhancing our understanding of sleep disorders in FXS.
Impact of Stent Size Selection on Acute and Long-Term Outcomes After Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation in De Novo Coronary Lesions

Background—Although significant undersizing often results in incomplete stent apposition or underexpansion, the possible impact of oversized stent implantation on arterial wall injury has not been ...
Platform for Automated Real-Time High Performance Analytics on Medical Image Data

Biomedical data are quickly growing in volume and in variety, providing clinicians an opportunity for better clinical decision support. Here, we demonstrate a robust platform that uses software automation and high performance computing (HPC) resources to achieve real-time analytics of clinical data, specifically magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. We used the Agave application programming interface to facilitate communication, data transfer, and job control between an MRI scanner and an off-site HPC resource. In this use case, Agave executed the graphical pipeline tool GRAphical Pipeline Environment (GRAPE) to perform automated, real-time, quantitative analysis of MRI scans. Same-session image processing will open the door for adaptive scanning and real-time quality control, potentially accelerating the discovery of pathologies and minimizing patient callbacks. We envision this platform can be adapted to other medical instruments, HPC resources, and analytics tools.
Bringing probabilistic analysis capability from planning to operation

Abstract The dynamic behavior of smart grid technologies requires the transition from a deterministic to a probabilistic control paradigm. This necessitates a smoother, better-integrated interplay between the functional roles of planning and operations to leverage the capabilities of probabilistic analysis in both realms. This paper presents two power system probabilistic analysis tools and how they are integrated into the GridOPTICS Software System (GOSS), a middleware platform facilitating deployment of new applications for the future power grid. Case study results show the developed tools provide better prediction of the power system balancing requirements, better transmission congestions management, and better system reliability.
The magic of improbable appendages: Deer antler objects in the archaeological record of the American South

Abstract In the American South white-tailed deer remains are recovered in abundance from late prehistoric archaeological sites and have been used to identify numerous social and cultural phenomena including status based differences in food consumption, feasting, inter-site transport of foodstuffs, and regional variation in subsistence strategies. Meat, marrow, bone, antler, and hide were important physical contributions of deer to the daily lives of southeastern native peoples. However, deer also play(ed) an important role in self-identity and social structure (Deer clan). In this paper we bring together multiple lines of evidence to offer a nuanced interpretation of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) antler objects recovered from Native American archaeological sites in the pre-European Southeastern United States in the traditional homelands of the Cherokees of the American South. We review the importance of the culturally appropriate interactions with deer as taught in deer hunting lore and taboos recorded in ethnographic and ethnohistoric sources. With this understanding, we then identify the material manifestations of deer hunting amulets from several archaeological sites in our study area. Ultimately our study of antler objects shows that combining indigenous knowledge with material studies gives us new insights into how humans perceived and interacted with the animals that lived in their shared environment, and fosters new interpretations of material culture.
SELF: A High Performance and Bandwidth Efficient Approach to Exploiting Die-Stacked DRAM as Part of Memory

Die-stacked DRAM (a.k.a., on-chip DRAM) provides much higher bandwidth and lower latency than off-chip DRAM. It is a promising technology to break the "memory wall". Die-stacked DRAM can be used either as a cache (i.e., DRAM cache) or as a part of memory (PoM). A DRAM cache design would suffer from more page faults than a PoM design as the DRAM cache cannot contribute towards capacity of main memory. At the same time, obtaining high performance requires PoM systems to swap requested data to the die-stacked DRAM. Existing PoM designs fall into two categories &#x2013; line-based and page-based. The former ensures low off-chip bandwidth utilization but suffers from a low hit ratio of on-chip memory due to limited temporal locality. In contrast, page-based designs achieve a high hit ratio of on-chip memory albeit at the cost of moving large amounts of data between on-chip and off-chip memories, leading to increased off-chip bandwidth utilization and significant system performance degradation.To achieve a similar high hit ratio of on-chip memory as page-based designs, and eliminate excessive off-chip traffic involved, we propose SELF, a high performance and bandwidth efficient approach. The key idea is to SElectively swap Lines in a requested page that are likely to be accessed according to page Footprint, instead of blindly swapping an entire page. In doing so, SELF allows incoming requests to be serviced from the on-chip memory as much as possible, while avoiding swapping unused lines to reduce memory bandwidth consumption. We evaluate a memory system which consists of 4GB on-chip DRAM and 12GB off-chip DRAM. Compared to a baseline system that has the same total capacity of 16GB off-chip DRAM, SELF improves the performance in terms of instructions per cycle by 26.9%, and reduces the energy consumption per memory access by 47.9% on average. In contrast, state-of-the-art line-based and page-based PoM designs can only improve the performance by 9.5% and 9.9%, respectively, against the same baseline system.
Problems in recognition of drawings

The paper examines the problems that need be solved in order to convert automatically technical drawings into computer readable form. There are three major applications for such a process. Archives of publications containing both text and line illustrations; human-machine interface; and integration of electronic CAD systems with the paper archives. The automation of this process involves the following steps: (1) Digitization (2) Conversions into binary form (3) Discrimination between solid, halftone, and line area and extraction of line information. (4) Discrimination between symbols (text) and graphics. (5) Recognition of text. (6) Normalization of graphics. (7) Recognition of graphics. The major challenges are the use of gray scale images to extract line information (relevant to steps 2 and 3) and the recognition of schematics and graphics (relevent to steps 6 and 7).
Jihadi Video Analysis

This chapter presents an exploratory study of jihadi extremist groups’ videos using content analysis and a multimedia coding tool to explore the types of videos, groups’ modus operandi, and production features that lend support to extremist groups. The videos convey messages powerful enough to mobilize members, sympathizers, and even new recruits to launch attacks that are captured (on video) and disseminated globally through the Internet. They communicate the effectiveness of the campaigns and have a much wider impact because the messages are media rich with nonverbal cues and have vivid images of events that can evoke not only a multitude of psychological and emotional responses but also violent reactions. The videos are important for jihadi extremist groups’ learning, training, and recruitment. In addition, the content collection and analysis of extremist groups’ videos can help policy makers, intelligence analysts, and researchers better understand the extremist groups’ terror campaigns and modus operandi, and help suggest counterintelligence strategies and tactics for troop training.
DEPOLARIZATION IN THE ELASTIC SCATTERING OF 17-MeV PROTONS FROM 9Be

There has been considerable interest in the last several years in determining the role of nucleon spin-target spin forces in nucleon elastic scattering. One method of deriving information about such forces is the measurement of the depolarization parameter D which is related to the spin-flip probability (S) by the expression: D = 1 − 2S. Significant deviations from unity in D have been reported for 9Be, 10B and 27A1 targetsl at a single scattering angle for proton energies near 20 MeV. More recently, Birchall et a1.2 have measured values of D less than unity at four angles in the range 50 < θcm < 90° for the elastic scattering of 25-MeV protons from 9Be. The latter data have been interpreted in terms of spherical and tensor spin-spin interactions in the optical potential.
Evaluation of Barley Varieties for Malting Quality1

(1956). Evaluation of Barley Varieties for Malting Quality. Proceedings. Annual meeting - American Society of Brewing Chemists: Vol. 14, Proceedings of the Annual Meeting 1956, pp. 143-155.
WITHDRAWN: The chromatin remodeling complex NURF localizes to gene bodies and is required for mRNA processing.

This article has been withdrawn by Aiman Alhazmi, Marissa Mack, Tiffany Rolle, Jordan Hiegel, Syed Haqqani, Nga Dao, Farheen Zaman, Nak-Kyeong Kim, Neel Scarsdale, Charles Lyons, and Joseph Landry. Some of the genome-wide data sets were flawed and were not analyzed correctly. The withdrawing authors are in the process of correcting the data sets and re-analyzing them for resubmission.
Chapter 18 Inflation: Theory and evidence

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a general overview of the subject of inflation, both in terms of relevant theory and evidence regarding competing hypotheses. During the years that have passed since the preparation of the ambitious survey article, the nature of research in monetary economics has changed considerably—(1) rational expectations has become the mainstream hypothesis concerning expectation behavior, (2) the Ricardian equivalence theorem has become a familiar notion in policy discussions, (3) issues involving overlapping-generations models and cash-in-advance constraints have become common fare, (4) bubble and sunspot phenomena have been extensively investigated, and (5) problems associated with the dynamic inconsistency of policy have been pondered. The chapter describes the development of a simplified but dynamic general equilibrium framework for the analysis of steady-state inflation.
The State of the US Governmental Public Health Workforce, 2014–2017

Public health workforce development efforts during the past 50 years have evolved from a focus on enumerating workers to comprehensive strategies that address workforce size and composition, training, recruitment and retention, effectiveness, and expected competencies in public health practice. We provide new perspectives on the public health workforce, using data from the Public Health Workforce Interests and Needs Survey, the largest nationally representative survey of the governmental public health workforce in the United States. Five major thematic areas are explored: workforce diversity in a changing demographic environment; challenges of an aging workforce, including impending retirements and the need for succession planning; workers' salaries and challenges of recruiting new staff; the growth of undergraduate public health education and what this means for the future public health workforce; and workers' awareness and perceptions of national trends in the field. We discussed implications for policy and practice.
Feeling the heat is not enough

Climate change exposes more people to heat waves and other extreme weather events. New research shows that experiencing a heat wave can affect concerns about energy security, but not enough to change behaviour.
Accelerated Nonlinear Interactions In Graded-Index Multimode Fibers

Multimode optical fibers have recently reemerged as a viable platform for addressing a number of long-standing issues associated with information bandwidth requirements and power-handling capabilities. As shown in recent studies, the complex nature of such heavily multimoded systems can be effectively exploited to observe altogether novel physical effects arising from spatiotemporal and intermodal linear and nonlinear processes. Here, we study for the first time, accelerated nonlinear intermodal interactions in core-diameter decreasing multimode fibers. We demonstrate that in the anomalous dispersion region, this spatiotemporal acceleration can lead to relatively blue-shifted multimode solitons and blue-drifting dispersive wave combs, while in the normal domain, to a notably flat and uniform supercontinuum, extending over 2.5 octaves. Our results pave the way towards a deeper understanding of the physics and complexity of nonlinear, heavily multimoded optical systems, and could lead to highly tunable optical sources with very high spectral densities.
Topology and flame speeds of turbulent premixed flame kernels in supersonic flows

Abstract Premixed flame kernels exposed to a mean expanding supersonic channel flow are examined using experiments and large-eddy simulations. Four cases, spanning three Mach numbers and two equivalence ratios, are explored. Numerical results are processed similarly to and compared with experimental data. Accuracy is assessed by comparing the numerically resolved flow field, flame growth, and internal flame structure with experimental data. Evolution of the flame topology, ascertained using these combined studies, confirms that the flame kernel morphs into a reacting vortex ring upon interaction with the supersonic mean flow expansion. The vortex ring topology assessment shows potentially significant errors in the turbulent flame speed based on line of sight (LOS) measurements. Modifications to the flame speed to correct the error associated with line of sight measurements are proposed. Two turbulent flame speed scalings are investigated: one with the RMS turbulent velocity, u′, and the other with the vortex propagation velocity, UT. It is shown that u′ fails to collapse the flame speed data but UT scaling does collapse the data from all four cases and produces a nearly linear scaling regime. This finding suggests turbulence plays a secondary role to the hydrodynamic instability in this particular problem. The conditions for displacement and consumption speed equivalency are explored further and it is found that the nature of the diagnostic used (LOS, planar, volumetric) and the progress variable isocontour measured play important roles and should be considered during interpretation of experimental data.
Model Pluralism

This paper introduces and defends an account of model-based science that I dub model pluralism. I argue that despite a growing awareness in the philosophy of science literature of the multiplicity, diversity, and richness of models and modeling-practices, more radical conclusions follow from this recognition than have previously been inferred. Going against the tendency within the literature to generalize from single models, I explicate and defend the following two core theses: (i) any successful analysis of models must target sets of models, their multiplicity of functions within science, and their scientific context and history and (ii) for almost any aspect x of phenomenon y, scientists require multiple models to achieve scientific goal z.
Effects of Zn and Cr additions on precipitation and creep behavior of a dilute Al-Zr-Er-Si alloy

Abstract The effects of adding 0.08 at.% Cr or 1 at.% Zn to a dilute Al-0.11Zr-0.005Er-0.02Si at.% alloy are studied in terms of the precipitation behavior of Al3Zr (L12-structure) nanoprecipitates and the resulting alloy's creep resistance. Although Cr and Zn additions do not affect measurably the precipitation kinetics or coarsening resistance, the modified alloys exhibit changes in dislocation creep resistance at 300 °C: the creep threshold stress is decreased by 17% (2 MPa) in the Zn-modified alloy and increased by 25% (3 MPa) in the Cr-modified alloy. This is attributed to a modification of the lattice parameter of Al3Zr(L12), which affects the ease with which matrix dislocations climb over the nanoprecipitates. The Zn-modified alloy exhibits Al3Zr(L12) nanoprecipitates containing 6–7 at.% Zn, as determined by atom-probe tomography, which reduces the lattice parameter by 0.17% as a result of Zn substituting for Al on its sublattice, as calculated utilizing density functional theory. The Al3Zr(L12) nanoprecipitates in the Cr-modified alloy contain 0.10–0.20 at.% Cr (1.2–2.5 times more than the matrix) and 0.28–0.51 at.% Er (a 60- to 100-fold enrichment). Erbium, which increases the lattice parameter misfit of Al3Zr(L12) with the Al matrix, is confirmed to be particularly potent in increasing the creep resistance of aluminum alloys containing L12 nanoprecipitates. An alloy design methodology for creep resistance is also validated, whereby precipitate compositions measured by APT are input to DFT calculations to determine their effects on lattice parameter misfit.
An adaptive excitation source for high-speed multiphoton microscopy

Optical imaging is important for understanding brain function. However, established methods with high spatiotemporal resolution are limited by the potential for laser damage to living tissues. We describe an adaptive femtosecond excitation source that only illuminates the region of interest, which leads to a 30-fold reduction in the power requirement for two- or three-photon imaging of brain activity in awake mice for improved high-speed longitudinal neuroimaging.
How to Train Your Fungus.

ABSTRACT Domestication led to profound changes in human culture. During this period, humans used breeding strategies to select for desirable traits in crops and livestock. These practices led to genetic and phenotypic changes that are trackable through archaeological and genomic records. Bacteria, yeasts, and molds also experienced domestication during the agricultural revolution, but the effects of domestication on microbes are poorly understood in comparison to plants and animals. Bodinaku et al. used experimental evolution to track the phenotypic changes that occur when wild Penicillium molds specialize and adapt to the cheese environment (I. Bodinaku, J. Shaffer, A. B. Connors, J. L. Steenwyk, et al., mBio 10:e02445-19, 2019, https://mbio.asm.org/content/10/5/e02445-19.long). Amazingly, after only eight generations of growth in a laboratory cheese environment, mutants emerged whose traits resembled those of the Brie and Camembert cheese mold Penicillium camemberti. This study demonstrated that the early stages of microbial domestication can occur rapidly and suggested that experimental evolution may be a viable strategy to exploit the metabolic diversity of wild microbes for food fermentation.
Información para los propietarios: Cancro Cítrico

El cancro citrico es una enfermedad introducida en Florida y es muy perjudicial economicamente para la industria comercial. La enfermedad no esta presente en todas las regiones tropicales y subtropicales productoras de citricos donde el cancro citrico puede ser problematico, por lo tanto, las restricciones para exportar fruta con cancro citrico son muy estrictas. Esta enfermedad tambien concierne a los propietarios, no solo por sus efectos en la industria economica, sino tambien porque es altamente contagiosa y la mayoria de la fruta contagiada en un arbol muy afectado se cae de este prematuramente. This 4-page fact sheet was written by M. M. Dewdney, P. D. Roberts, J. H. Graham, K. R. Chung, and M. Zekri, and published by the UF Department of Plant Pathology, January 2013. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pp298