cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A multi-site cognitive task analysis for biomedical query mediation

Abstract Objective To apply cognitive task analyses of the Biomedical query mediation (BQM) processes for EHR data retrieval at multiple sites towards the development of a generic BQM process model. Materials and methods We conducted semi-structured interviews with eleven data analysts from five academic institutions and one government agency, and performed cognitive task analyses on their BQM processes. A coding schema was developed through iterative refinement and used to annotate the interview transcripts. The annotated dataset was used to reconstruct and verify each BQM process and to develop a harmonized BQM process model. A survey was conducted to evaluate the face and content validity of this harmonized model. Results The harmonized process model is hierarchical, encompassing tasks, activities, and steps. The face validity evaluation concluded the model to be representative of the BQM process. In the content validity evaluation, out of the 27 tasks for BQM, 19 meet the threshold for semi-valid, including 3 fully valid: "Identify potential index phenotype," "If needed, request EHR database access rights," and "Perform query and present output to medical researcher", and 8 are invalid. Discussion We aligned the goals of the tasks within the BQM model with the five components of the reference interview. The similarity between the process of BQM and the reference interview is promising and suggests the BQM tasks are powerful for eliciting implicit information needs. Conclusions We contribute a BQM process model based on a multi-site study. This model promises to inform the standardization of the BQM process towards improved communication efficiency and accuracy.
Introduction to the special issue “From bullets to ballots: the transformation of rebel groups into political parties”

ABSTRACTIn this special issue of Democratization, seven articles are presented that address the question of the transformation of armed rebel groups into political parties and what implications this transformation has on the development of post-conflict peace and democratization. The articles cover a wide variety of geographic cases, and use both quantitative and qualitative methods of inquiry.
Confidential mental health treatment for adolescents.

When an adolescent who appears depressed wants to pursue treatment without involving his parents, the physician must exercise both clinical and moral judgment.
Quasi-coherent modules

Almost all local theory involves modules as well as rings and ideals. The purpose of this section is to put modules in their convenient geometric setting. This is really just a technical digression before we get on to the more interesting geometry.
Manipulation in Human Environments

Robots that work alongside us in our homes and workplaces could extend the time an elderly person can live at home, provide physical assistance to a worker on an assembly line, or help with household chores. In order to assist us in these ways, robots will need to successfully perform manipulation tasks within human environments. Human environments present special challenges for robot manipulation since they are complex, dynamic, uncontrolled, and difficult to perceive reliably. In this paper we present a behavior-based control system that enables a humanoid robot, Domo, to help a person place objects on a shelf. Domo is able to physically locate the shelf, socially cue a person to hand it an object, grasp the object that has been handed to it, transfer the object to the hand that is closest to the shelf, and place the object on the shelf. We use this behavior-based control system to illustrate three themes that characterize our approach to manipulation in human environments. The first theme, cooperative manipulation, refers to the advantages that can be gained by having the robot work with a person to cooperatively perform manipulation tasks. The second theme, task relevant features, emphasizes the benefits of carefully selecting the aspects of the world that are to be perceived and acted upon during a manipulation task. The third theme, let the body do the thinking, encompasses several ways in which a robot can use its body to simplify manipulation tasks.
DIETFITS study (diet intervention examining the factors interacting with treatment success) – Study design and methods

Numerous studies have attempted to identify successful dietary strategies for weight loss, and many have focused on Low-Fat vs. Low-Carbohydrate comparisons. Despite relatively small between-group differences in weight loss found in most previous studies, researchers have consistently observed relatively large between-subject differences in weight loss within any given diet group (e.g., ~25kg weight loss to ~5kg weight gain). The primary objective of this study was to identify predisposing individual factors at baseline that help explain differential weight loss achieved by individuals assigned to the same diet, particularly a pre-determined multi-locus genotype pattern and insulin resistance status. Secondary objectives included discovery strategies for further identifying potential genetic risk scores. Exploratory objectives included investigation of an extensive set of physiological, psychosocial, dietary, and behavioral variables as moderating and/or mediating variables and/or secondary outcomes. The target population was generally healthy, free-living adults with BMI 28-40kg/m2 (n=600). The intervention consisted of a 12-month protocol of 22 one-hour evening instructional sessions led by registered dietitians, with ~15-20 participants/class. Key objectives of dietary instruction included focusing on maximizing the dietary quality of both Low-Fat and Low-Carbohydrate diets (i.e., Healthy Low-Fat vs. Healthy Low-Carbohydrate), and maximally differentiating the two diets from one another. Rather than seeking to determine if one dietary approach was better than the other for the general population, this study sought to examine whether greater overall weight loss success could be achieved by matching different people to different diets. Here we present the design and methods of the study.
Modifications of Alpha and Beta Carboxy-Terminal Tails Regulate Microtubule Severing by Katanin

Microtubules are part of a dynamic cytoskeletal network that is constantly being reorganized to control cell processes such as neuronal development and maintenance, cell division, and cargo transport. Many stabilizing and destabilizing enzymes function to reorganize these networks for the specific needs of the cell in a spatiotemporal manner. Katanin p60 is a microtubule destabilizing enzyme from the ATPases Associated with various Activities (AAA+) family. It recognizes the tubulin carboxy-terminal tails (CTTs) to sever microtubules. Our lab has previously shown free tubulin dimers and CTTs alone can inhibit katanin severing. We seek to determine the manner that tubulin CTTs sequence can regulate katanin activity using polypeptide sequences of CTTs of different tubulin isoforms. We find that the sequence's ionic, hydrophobic, and steric features play a role in determining katanin's activity.
Maturational changes in ear advantage for monaural word recognition in noise among listeners with central auditory processing disorders

This study aimed to investigate differences between ears in performance on a monaural word recognition in noise test among individuals across a broad range of ages assessed for (C)APD. Word recognition scores in quiet and in speech noise were collected retrospectively from the medical files of 107 individuals between the ages of 7 and 30 years who were diagnosed with (C)APD. No ear advantage was found on the word recognition in noise task in groups less than ten years. Performance in both ears was equally poor. Right ear performance improved across age groups, with scores of individuals above age 10 years falling within the normal range. In contrast, left ear performance remained essentially stable and in the impaired range across all age groups. Findings indicate poor left hemispheric dominance for speech perception in noise in children below the age of 10 years with (C)APD. However, a right ear advantage on this monaural speech in noise task was observed for individuals 10 years and older.
From Systematic Review to Call for Action: In Search of Evidence-Based Interventions to Decrease Intimate Partner Violence in Rural Hispanic American Women

Introduction:Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a global public health and criminal justice concern with significant impacts; especially high rates are seen among rural Hispanic American (HA) commu...
A Simple Model Allowing Modification of the Effect of a Randomized Intervention by Post-Randomization Variables

We address several questions relating to the use of standard regression and Structural Nested Mean Model (SNMM) approach (e. g., Ten Have et al. 2007) to analyze post-randomization effect modifiers of the intent-to-treat effect of a randomized intervention on a subsequent outcome, which has not been well examined. We show through simulations that the SNMM performs better with respect to bias of estimates of the intervention and interaction effects than does the corresponding standard interaction approach when the baseline intervention is randomized and the post-randomization factors are subject to confounding, and even when there is no association between the intervention and effect modifier. However, causal inference under the SNMM makes untestable assumptions that the causal contrasts do not vary across observed levels of the intervention and post-randomization factor. In addition, the precision of the SNMM-based estimators depends on the effect of the randomized intervention on the post-randomization factor varying across baseline covariate combinations. These issues and methods are illustrated with the application of the standard and causal methods to a randomized cognitive therapy (CT) trial, for which there is a conceptual model of negative cognitive styles or distortions impacted by CT but then in turn modifying the effect of CT on subsequent suicide ideation and social problem solving outcomes.
Abstract 1850: Development of a NOTCH1 loss of function and PIK3CA mutant transgenic model of HNSCC

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HSNCC) is a debilitating disease with a poor 5-year survival rate. The use of in vivo models to study tumorigenesis and to identify potential targeted therapies, especially those that work in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors, is essential in improving overall patient care. However, the overall number of HNSCC transgenic models with recurrent genetic lesions identified by the HNSCC TCGA project has been limited. For example, TCGA data has shown both Notch1 loss of function mutations and PIK3CA activating mutations as some of the most common in HNSCC, but bi-genic models of these lesions do not yet exist. Here, we have designed a model which utilizes K14-CreERT to drive a bi-genic model with Notch1flox and PIK3CAH1047R mutations in epithelial compartments. Characterization of this line both in the context of spontaneous and carcinogen induced tumor formation is a tool which can be utilized to better understand common mutations in HNSCC. Immunohistochemistry confirms the overexpression of PIK3CA in tamoxifen induced mice. Furthermore, early characterization of this model with chronic treatment of the smoking analogue 4-Nitroquinoline N-oxide (4NQO) in drinking water shows tumor formation on the tongue and surrounding head and neck regions in as little as 12-16 weeks. Hematoxylin and Eosin staining confirmed the squamous tumor formation, while Ki67 staining showed enhanced proliferation of the transformed cells. In the future, this model can be used to study tumor formation over time and in response to targeted inhibitors and common therapies that are being advanced as companion diagnostic strategies for either NOTCH1 deficient or PIK3CA aberrant HNSCC tumors. Further detailed characterization of this model will allow for a deeper understanding of the mechanisms which drive HNSCC and will translate to improved patient care. Citation Format: Samantha N. Devenport, Nicole L. Michmerhuizen, Elizabeth Leonard, Brittany Jewell, Jacob Swanson, Sunny Wong, Thomas E. Carey, J Chad Brenner. Development of a NOTCH1 loss of function and PIK3CA mutant transgenic model of HNSCC [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1850. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-1850
Preferences and actual chemotherapy decision-making in the greater plains collaborative breast cancer study.

AbstractIntroduction: There is renewed interest in identifying breast cancer patients’ participation in decision-making about adjuvant chemotherapy. There is a gap in the literature regarding the impact of these decisions on quality of life (QOL) and quality of care (QOC). Our aims were to determine similarities and differences in how patients diagnosed with breast cancer preferred to make decisions with providers about cancer treatment, to examine the patient’s recall of her role when the decision was made about chemotherapy and to determine how preferred and actual roles, as well as congruence between them, relate to QOL and perceived QOC.Material and methods: Greater Plains Collaborative clinical data research network of PCORnet conducted the ‘Share Thoughts on Breast Cancer’ survey among women 12–18 months post-diagnosis at eight sites in seven Midwestern United States. Patients recalled their preferred and actual treatment decision-making roles and three new shared decision-making (SDM) variables wer...
Childlessness and Group Psychotherapy: Psychological and Sociological Perspectives

Women's developmental theory and sociocultural expectations typically link feminine identity to motherhood. This can lead to internal conflict for women who remain childless, whether by choice or by circumstance. Group psychotherapy can be useful in that it is a place where the intrapsychic and social interact. As an arena for personal change, group therapy is a place where childless women can heal the grief, shame, and guilt associated with their childlessness, and explore other ways to express femininity, creativity, and generativity. As a form of psychosocial therapy, group is a setting where both men and women can closely examine their sociocultural expectations regarding childlessness and debunk stereotypes.
Analytic computation of nonparametric Marsan–Lengliné estimates for Hawkes point processes

In 2008, Marsan and Lengline presented a nonparametric way to estimate the triggering function of a Hawkes process. Their method requires an iterative and computationally intensive procedure which ...
Queering Gender Through Texture: Possession and Decadence in Mário de Sá- Carneiro's A confissão de Lúcio

Departing from Renu Bora’s notion of the queerness of textures, this article seeks to understand how locating the queer textures of Mario de Sa-Carneiro’s 1914 novella, A confissao de Lucio , emphasizes the work’s engagement with questions of gender, modernity, and decadence. Sa-Carneiro’s take on modernity has been described as decadent partly because of his refusal or failure to resolve issues of artistic representation with respect to modernity. Approaching A confissao through the queerness of tactility offers a unique insight into the peculiar relationship between the novella’s narrator-protagonist, Lucio Vaz, his friend Ricardo de Loureiro, and Ricardo’s wife Marta. Through an exploration of Ricardo’s framing of relationships in terms of gendered possession, this article examines Sa-Carneiro’s ultimately fraught and decadent figuration of modernity.
Multiplexing Limits of Twisted Nematic Liquid Crystal Displays and Implications for the Future of High Information Content LCDs

“Why have liquid crystal displays (LCDs) become important in the decade of the 1970’s?” The answer is that LCDs have satisfied a major need in the world of electronic displays (see Fig. 1), i.e., a need for compact displays with power dissipations on the order of microwatts per square centimeter of active display area. That such a need existed has been well confirmed by the commercial success of multiple generations of watches, calculators, electronic games and other portable instruments incorporating LCDs. Although there are many more dimensions to the display world that those accounted for in Fig. 1, the critical dimension resulting in the commercial proliferation of LCDs in the 1970’s was power dissipation.
Abstract 3495: Trip13, a target of miR192, facilitates colorectal cancer progression through WNT/β-catenin signaling

Most colorectal cancers (CRCs) exhibit genomic instability or chromosomal instability (CIN) in the form of aneuploidy. These aberrations are associated with chromosomal gains or losses. In human malignances, levels of a member of the AAA-ATPases family, TRIP13, correlate with CIN. In the present study, we investigated the expression and biological function of TRIP13 in CRC. In silico gene expression profiling using the UALCAN (http://ualcan.path.uab.edu/) web portal showed elevated TRIP13 expression in CRCs as compared to normal/benign colonic epithelial tissues. Studies employing immunoblot analyses confirmed elevated expression of the TRIP13 protein in CRC tissues compared to their matched normal/benign colorectal tissues. Concurrent immunohistochemical analysis of tissue microarrays, containing normal and tumor tissues, further validated cytoplasmic TRIP13 expression in CRCs as compared to their contiguous normal/benign epithelial components. To understand the functional significance of TRIP13 in CRCs, particularly in regard to progression of cancer cells, experiments were performed by utilizing lentivirus-mediated TRIP13 silencing in CRC cell lines that express high levels of TRIP13. Depletion of TRIP13 impeded cell proliferation, colony formation, invasion, cell motility, and spheroid-forming capacity. TRIP13 depletion also showed suppression of EGFR activation and WNT/β-catenin signaling. Furthermore, bioinformatic analysis revealed that TRIP13 is a predicted target of miR192. Dual-luciferase reporter assays showed that miR192 binds to the 39 UTR of TRIP13. Also, overexpression of miR192 in HCT116 cells lowered TRIP13 expression and reduced cell proliferation, colony formation, and invasion, suggesting that it is a tumor suppressor. Thus, these findings demonstrate a function of TRIP13 in the progression of CRCs and indicate that TRIP13 inhibition by small molecules is a possible strategy for treatment of CRC. Citation Format: Sumit Agarwal, Balabhadrapatruni V. Chakravarthi, Darshan S. Chandrashekar, Rong Jun Guo, Pran Datta, Sooryanarayana Varambally, Upender Manne. Trip13, a target of miR192, facilitates colorectal cancer progression through WNT/β-catenin signaling [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3495.
Path Integral Control on Lie Groups

Path Integral control theory yields a sampling-based methodology for solving stochastic optimal control problems. Motivated by its computational efficiency, we extend this framework to account for systems evolving on Lie groups. Our derivation relies on recursive mappings between system poses and corresponding Lie algebra elements. This allows us to apply standard facts from stochastic calculus, and obtain expressions analogous to those of Euclidean problems. The results imply that stochastic optimal control can be applied in a parameterization-free manner, even when nonlinear configuration spaces are considered. The method is tested in simulation on a simple model of a rigid satellite.
A retrospective analysis of radiation oncology related scientific articles in the journal Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound: Trends over 40 years (1976‐2015)

The journal Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound is a veterinary specialty journal devoted to the fields of veterinary diagnostic imaging and radiation oncology. The purpose of this retrospective, observational study is to evaluate progressive trends in radiation oncology articles published in Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound during the 40-year period (1976-2015) and describe a shift of trends through several viewpoints. This 40-year period was divided into four subperiods: Period 1 (1976-1985), Period 2 (1986-1995), Period 3 (1996-2005), and Period 4 (2006-2015). These articles were divided into six categories based on the nature of the study: 1) studies related to teletherapy with endpoints being patient outcome, 2) radiation therapy dosimetry/planning, 3) patient setup, 4) reviews, 5) case reports, and 6) others. The number of radiation oncology articles in Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound has increased over the 40-year period. The number of authors per article has increased between Periods 1 and 3. The number of articles related to linear accelerator has increased between Periods 3 and 4. The median number of treated patients per clinical article related to teletherapy ranged from 15 to 21, which has not changed significantly over the 40-year period. The most commonly used radiation therapy protocols during Periods 2 and 3 were fine-fractionated protocols (defined as 10 or more fractions), whereas coarse-fractionated protocols were more common during Periods 1 and 4. Findings from this study highlight the notable changes of trends in veterinary radiation oncology articles published in Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound, which clearly reflect changes in the field of veterinary radiation oncology during the past 40 years.
Asymmetric-flow field-flow fractionation technology for exomere and small extracellular vesicle separation and characterization

We describe the protocol development and optimization of asymmetric-flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) technology for separating and characterizing extracellular nanoparticles (ENPs), particularly small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), known as exosomes, and even smaller novel nanoparticles, known as exomeres. This technique fractionates ENPs on the basis of hydrodynamic size and demonstrates a unique capability to separate nanoparticles with sizes ranging from a few nanometers to an undefined level of micrometers. ENPs are resolved by two perpendicular flows-channel flow and cross-flow-in a thin, flat channel with a semi-permissive bottom wall membrane. The AF4 separation method offers several advantages over other isolation methods for ENP analysis, including being label-free, gentle, rapid (<1 h) and highly reproducible, as well as providing efficient recovery of analytes. Most importantly, in contrast to other available techniques, AF4 can separate ENPs at high resolution (1 nm) and provide a large dynamic range of size-based separation. In conjunction with real-time monitors, such as UV absorbance and dynamic light scattering (DLS), and an array of post-separation characterizations, AF4 facilitates the successful separation of distinct subsets of exosomes and the identification of exomeres. Although the whole procedure of cell culture and ENP isolation from the conditioned medium by ultracentrifugation (UC) can take ~3 d, the AF4 fractionation step takes only 1 h. Users of this technology will require expertise in the working principle of AF4 to operate and customize protocol applications. AF4 can contribute to the development of high-quality, exosome- and exomere-based molecular diagnostics and therapeutics.
Artificial intelligence in neurocritical care.

Abstract Background Neurocritical care combines the management of extremely complex disease states with the inherent limitations of clinically assessing patients with brain injury. As the management of neurocritical care patients can be immensely complicated, the automation of data-collection and basic management by artificial intelligence systems have garnered interest. Methods In this opinion article, we highlight the potential artificial intelligence has in monitoring and managing several aspects of neurocritical care, specifically intracranial pressure, seizure monitoring, blood pressure, and ventilation. Results The two major AI methods of analytical technique currently exist for analyzing critical care data: the model-based method and data driven method. Both of these methods have demonstrated an ability to analyze vast quantities of patient data, and we highlight the ways in which these modalities of artificial intelligence might one day play a role in neurocritical care. Conclusions While none of these artificial intelligence systems are meant to replace the clinician's judgment, these systems have the potential to reduce healthcare costs and errors or delays in medical management.
Periplasmic binding protein-based magnetic isolation and detection of thiamine in complex biological matrices.

Abstract Deficiencies in thiamine (vitamin B1) cause a host of neurological and reproductive impairments yielding morbidity and mortality across environmental and clinical realms. In a technique analogous to immunomagnetic separation, we introduce the use of thiamine periplasmic binding protein (TBP)-conjugated magnetic beads to isolate thiamine from complex matrices. TBP expressed in Escherichia coli is highly specific to thiamine and provides an alternative to antibodies for this non-immunogenic target. After incubation with the sample and removal of unbound matrix constituents, thiamine is simultaneously released and converted to its fluorescent oxidation product thiochrome by alkaline potassium ferricyanide. Subsequent measurement of fluorescence at thiochrome-specific wavelengths provides a second layer of specificity for the detection of thiamine. Thiamine could be quantified at concentrations as low as 5 nM ranging up to 240 nM. Within, we apply this technique to selectively capture and quantify thiamine in complex salmonid fish egg and tissue matrices. Our results showed no measurable non-specific binding to the beads by endogenous fluorophores in the fish egg matrix. Thiamine levels as low as 0.2 nmol/g of fish egg can be detected using this approach, which is sufficient to assess deficiencies causing morbidity and mortality in fish that occur at 1.0 nmol/g of egg. This practical method may find application in other resource limited settings for clinical, food, or dietary supplement analyses.
Starting elective cardiac surgery after 3 pm does not impact patient morbidity, mortality, or hospital costs

Abstract Background There is growing concern over the impact of fatigue and long work hours on patient safety. Our objective was to determine the perioperative outcomes and hospital costs associated with starting nonemergent cardiac surgical cases after 3 pm . Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on adult patients who underwent elective coronary artery bypass or valve surgery at our institution between July 2011 and March 2018. Cases were defined as “late start” if the incision time was after 3 pm . Postoperative outcomes, 30-day mortality, and total hospital costs were compared between propensity-matched samples of early-starting and late-starting cases. Results Of 2463 elective cases, 352 (14%) started after 3 pm . In propensity-matched samples, patients who had a late start demonstrated no difference in 30-day mortality (1% vs Conclusions We report no differences in perioperative outcomes, operative mortality, length of stay, or total hospital cost for elective cases that start after 3 pm . This may be attributable to the resources available at a large quaternary center regardless of time of day.
Measurement of 2-hydroxyglutarate enantiomers in serum by chiral gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and its application as a biomarker for IDH mutant gliomas

Abstract (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate (R-2-hg) is a metabolite produced under physiologic conditions but also by tumors harboring isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations. Detection is challenging as it must be distinguished from its enantiomer (S)-2-hydroxyglutarate (S-2-hg), which is also produced in the body but can increase under hypoxic conditions. A chiral gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC–MS/MS) assay was developed, which separated enantiomers using a chiral column and quantified levels using a stable-isotope internal standard. The assay improves upon current methods by avoiding chiral derivatization and implementing a simplified sample extraction procedure. The assay was validated and serum 2-hg levels from healthy patients were measured, establishing a new, comprehensive reference range for normal levels of each enantiomer. Differences in basal levels were observed between races, but not sex. Age also correlated with S-2-hg levels, but not R-2-hg levels. Finally, serum levels of 2-hg enantiomers were measured in a pilot study of 11 patients with and without IDH mutant gliomas. An increase in R-2-hg levels was observed in 2/3 patients with actively growing IDH mutant gliomas. S-2-hg levels were increased in 4/11 patients, irrespective of IDH status. The results presented demonstrate the feasibility of a GC–MS/MS assay for measurement of 2-hg enantiomer levels for clinical use.
Building Policies, Plans, and Cities to Manage Extreme Weather Events: Perspectives from Urban Planning and Landscape Architecture

All regions of the global are experiencing unstable weather and climate conditions that are unfavorable for human well-being and which place a disproportionate burden on the poor, people of color, people who live in the global south and marginalized groups. Societal risks of extreme events are driven by carbon-based industrialization, the ways in which we design and build cities, the ways in which we manage extreme events, and the differential ways socials groups develop capacity to cope with these events. Adaptive governance approaches and collaboration across professions of public health, engineering, architecture, urban planning, public works, emergency management, and meteorology can shape more resilient planning and design responses to extreme weather events.
Discussion on the causes of differences in reported incidences of hepatitis B from different counties in Luoyang

Objective To explore the factors affecting the reported incidences of hepatitis B in different counties in Luoyang Methods Four hospitals from Yichuan,Luoning and Song county,where reported incidences of hepatitis B were obviously different were investigated.Questionnaire survey and personal interviews were conducted to investigate the acquaintance and application of diagnosis criteria and report criteria of hepatitis B.The missing reports,duplicated reports of hepatitis B cases within one year and two year were checked from 2009 to 2010 in three counties.Results Among clinical doctors from three counties,there were significant differences about whether cases of single positive HBsAg or cases of positive HBsAg combined abnormal liver function should be reported (P ＜ 0.01).And the proportion of using the diagnostic criteria of 2008 edition,using the criteria of 1995 edition,mixed using both criteria were 52.04％,16.33％,11.22％ respectively.The rates of duplicated report were 3.08％ and 2.43％,and the rates of mising report were 1.39％ and 5.56％ in 2009 and 2010 in Yichuan county; The rates of duphcated report were 2.86％ and 0.00％,and the rates of mising report were 5.56％ and 54.28％ in 2009 and 2010 in luoNing country; The rates of duplicated report were 1.27％ and 0.00％,and the rates of mising report were 30％and 20.51％ in 2009 and 2010in Song county.Conclusions Grass-roots medical staffs were not familiar with the latest diagnostic criteria of hepatitis B,uniformed reporting was missing,and there existed the duplicated reports、missing report phenomenon in the epidemic management.These were important reasons for the bias in reported incidence among different districts. Key words: Hepatitis B; Reported incidence; Diagnostic criteria; Duplicate report; Missing report
Infill well wellbore stability analysis by considering plasticity, stress arching, lateral deformation and inhomogeneous depletion of the reservoir

Abstract The traditional way of analyzing wellbore stability of infill wells relies on the analytical solution of the stress path, which assumes uniaxial strain, homogenous depletion, constant overburden stress, and linear elastic condition. The objective of this study is to re-evaluate all the above four assumptions and analyze the plasticity, stress arching, lateral deformation and inhomogeneous depletion of the reservoir. Coupled geomechanics and fluid flow analysis is conducted to get the time and location dependent stress field and pressure field, which serve as inputs for wellbore stability analysis for infill wells. Considering four cases, the ranking according to the width of the safe drilling mud weight windows is 1) plasticity, 2) elasticity, 3) plasticity with stress arching, and 4) elasticity with stress arching. This coupled geomechanics and fluid flow can provide dynamic information concerning where to drill, when to drill, and how to drill for infill wells.
Pain relief in a patient with massive sino-nasal tumor

Maxillofacial neoplasms, though relatively rare, are potentially devastating tumors, that may require medical or surgical intervention. Among all the head and neck tumors, sino-nasal tumors make up 3%. Such tumors can be very vascular as well as extremely painful. Conventional analgesic treatment in a cascading manner usually proves to be inadequate and unsatisfactory
17-Hydroxyprogesterone caproate improves hypertension and renal endothelin-1 in response to sFlt-1 induced hypertension in pregnant rats.

Abstract Preeclampsia (PE) is characterized by new onset hypertension in association with elevated soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) and preproendothelin-1 (PPET-1) levels. Currently there is no effective treatment for PE except for early delivery of the fetal placental unit, making PE a leading cause for premature births worldwide. Administration of 17-hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17-OHPC) is used for prevention of recurrent preterm birth. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that 17-OHPC improves hypertension and ET-1 in response to elevated sFlt-1 in pregnant rats. sFlt-1 was infused into normal pregnant (NP) Sprague-Dawley rats (3.7 μg·kg−1·day−1 for 6 days, gestation days 13–19) in the presence or absence of 17-OHPC (3.32 mg/kg) administered via intraperitoneal injection on gestational days 15 and 18. Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), pup and placenta weights, renal cortex PPET-1 mRNA levels and nitrate-nitrite levels were measured on GD 19. Infusion of sFlt-1 into NP rats elevated mean arterial pressure (MAP) compared with control NP rats: 115 ± 1 (n = 13) vs. 99 ± 2 mmHg (n = 12, p
Magnetic Resonance Neurography

Evaluation of peripheral nerve disorders has relied primarily on an accurate clinical history, thorough physical examination, and electrodiagnostic (EDX) testing. This information often allows determination of the location and severity of the underlying peripheral nerve problem. However, while EDX studies are sensitive, they do not display the anatomic detail needed for precise localization and treatment planning. Additional limitations of these EDX studies include difficulty performing these studies in young children and infants, difficulty accessing deep muscles, and having to wait several weeks after nerve injury before changes can be detected. The radiologic study of peripheral nerve disorders was initially limited to secondary skeletal changes on plain radiographs and computed tomography (CT) myelography for demonstrating nerve root avulsion in patients with severe proximal brachial plexus injuries. Routine CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have been useful to exclude the possibility of mass lesions in the vicinity of a peripheral nerve. Recent technical improvements in MRI have resulted in improved visualization of both normal and abnormal peripheral nerves. The ability to image peripheral nerves can significantly change the diagnosis and treatment of peripheral nerve disease and can lead to improved understanding of the pathophysiology of peripheral nerve disease.
Sleep Duration in Mouse Models of Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Sleep abnormalities are common in patients with neurodevelopmental disorders, and it is thought that deficits in sleep may contribute to the unfolding of symptoms in these disorders. Appreciating sleep abnormalities in neurodevelopmental disorders could be important for designing a treatment for these disorders. We studied sleep duration in three mouse models by means of home-cage monitoring: Tsc2+/- (tuberous sclerosis complex), oxytocin receptor (Oxtr) knockout (KO) (autism spectrum disorders), and Shank3 e4-9 KO (Phelan-McDermid syndrome). We studied both male and female mice, and data were analyzed to examine effects of both genotype and sex. In general, we found that female mice slept less than males regardless of genotype or phase. We did not find any differences in sleep duration in either Tsc2+/- or Oxtr KO mice, compared to controls. In Shank3 e4-9 KO mice, we found a statistically significant genotype x phase interaction (p = 0.002) with a trend that Shank3e4-9 KO mice regardless of sex slept more than control mice in the active phase. Our results have implications for the management of patients with Phelan-McDermid syndrome.
Driven-dissipative control of cold atoms in tilted optical lattices

We present a sequence of driven-dissipative protocols for controlling cold atoms in tilted optical lattices. These experimentally accessible examples are templates that demonstrate how dissipation can be used to manipulate quantum many-body systems. We consider bosonic atoms trapped in a tilted optical lattice, immersed in a superfluid bath, and excited by coherent Raman lasers. With these ingredients, we are able to controllably transport atoms in the lattice and produce self-healing quantum states: a Mott insulator and the topologically ordered spin-1 Affleck-Kennedy-Lieb-Tasaki state.
Update on pediatric metabolic and bariatric surgery

The prevalence of childhood obesity has risen sharply over the last several decades and poses a significant threat to the health and well-being of today's youth. Childhood-onset obesity is associated with a number of cardiometabolic consequences, which contribute to diminished quality of life. Metabolic and bariatric surgery offers a powerful treatment paradigm with positive long-term health effects. A growing body of literature supports the notion that earlier intervention in younger patients results in long-term health benefits. The development of a multidisciplinary care model and best practice guidelines are central to providing optimal care for this vulnerable patient population. Although the outcomes of metabolic and bariatric surgery in pediatric patients are reassuring and support the ongoing utilization of this important treatment paradigm, a number of significant challenges remain regarding access to care. As the literature continues to support earlier intervention for youth with severe obesity, future efforts should address these challenges to ensure that eligible patients are referred in timely fashion.
Small-Satellite Attitude Consensus on SO(3) Using Continuous But Only Piecewise-Continuously Differentiable Sinusoidal Controls

We consider attitude consensus for small satellites, where each satellite has internal rotating-mass actuators that, unlike reaction wheels, cannot perform complete rotations. Instead, these actuators are limited to α radians of total rotation. We present and analyze two attitude-feedback consensus control algorithms, where the controls for each satellite are the angles of rotation of the actuators and these controls are continuous but only piecewise-continuously differentiable sinusoids. Each control algorithm can either include or not include a leader satellite, which can be either rotating or non-rotating. The first control algorithm achieves local attitude consensus for the case where each satellite uses relative-attitude feedback of its neighbors. The second control algorithm achieves almost global attitude consensus for the case where each satellite uses absolute-attitude feedback of its neighbors.
Linking backbarrier lacustrine stratigraphy with spatial dynamics of shoreline retreat in a rapidly subsiding region of the Mississippi River Delta

Abstract The northern Gulf of Mexico shoreline is rapidly retreating, and coastal features of the abandoned Mississippi River delta complexes are eroding and subsiding. Bay Champagne is located in the Caminada-Moreau headland, a region located west of the currently active delta that has one of the highest rates of retreat and land loss globally. As a result, the shoreline at Bay Champagne has retreated more than two kilometers in the past 130 years, causing a gradual transition from a stable, circular freshwater lake to a frequently disturbed, semi-circular backbarrier lagoon. Analyses of clastic layers in a series of sediment cores collected at this site over the past decade indicate the lake was less perturbed in the past and has become increasingly more sensitive to marine incursion events caused by tropical cyclones as the shoreline retreated. Geochemical and pollen analyses of the cores also reveal profound changes in environmental and chemical conditions at Bay Champagne over the past century. Through relating stratigraphy to spatial changes observed from satellite imagery, this study establishes a timeline of the transition of Bay Champagne from an inland lake to a backbarrier environment, and demonstrated that these changes have not occurred at a constant rate. These results provide a case-study of changing local environmental conditions in response to rapid shoreline retreat, and therefore serve as a model for future coastal changes for Louisiana and other Gulf coastal areas.
Pathways to Affluence: Socioeconomic Incentives in Prenatal Testing and Abortion

In this chapter we discuss the ways in which a ‘healthy’ pregnancy is frequently seen as a more worthwhile pregnancy—and, by extension, evidence of maternal success—while deviation signals the pregnant woman’s failure. We argue that, as prenatal screening has continually expanded, so, too, has womens’ perceived duty to pre-emptively assess the value of their future child as an individual and as a productive citizen. The underlying assumptions of such calculations, how they have been mobilized to promote universal prenatal genetic screening, and what they reveal about society’s perceptions of the roles and duties of potential mothers as arbiters of entry into human society, is the topic of this chapter.
Socially Assistive Robotics for Personalized Education for Children

Introduction Socially assistive robotics (SAR) has the potential to combine the massive replication and standardization of computer technology with the benefits of learning in a social and tangible (hands-on) context. We are developing HRI methods for SAR systems designed to supplement the efforts of human teachers to personalize education in the classroom. This abstract defines and proposes solutions to the computational challenges inherent in accomplishing differentiated and personalized education utilizing SAR in real-world classrooms. We aim to design robotic systems that are compelling, assist children in achieving educational goals, and mitigate developmental challenges in a classroom context. To do so, our approach must be deeply informed by the needs of our target users, children, at all stages of development, and must adapt to a variety of special needs. In this abstract, we discuss motivation and computational methods for personalized SAR systems for general, special needs, and mixed multichild education contexts. We focus on the personalization and adaptation of curriculum, feedback, and robot character.
Social, Family, and Marital Well-Being

As I have done in the previous chapters, I will review the literature on the psychology of social, family, and marital well-being and attempt to answer questions such as: What are social, family, and marital well-being? How do QOL researchers measure these constructs? Does social, family, and marital well-being play an important role in the subjective aspects of QOL? If so, how? What are the predictors of social, family, and marital well-being and subjective QOL?
Abstract 876: Long-term use of aspirin and risk of cancer

Background: Post-hoc analyses of RCTs of aspirin for the prevention of cardiovascular disease support a potential role of daily aspirin use, primary low-dose aspirin, in reducing overall cancer incidence. However, long-term follow-up of the largest RCT of aspirin, the Women9s Health Study, found a reduction only in risk of colorectal cancer but not overall cancer with alternate-day low-dose aspirin. Uncertainties remain in relation to the optimum dose, duration of use, the impact of discontinuing use, as well as potential differential benefits within subgroups. Methods: We prospectively followed 82,600 female nurses and 47,651 male health professionals enrolled in the Nurses’ Health Study (1980) and Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1986) until June 2012 and January 2010, respectively. Biennially, we collected data on aspirin use, other risk factors, and diagnoses of cancer. Cox proportional hazards models with time varying covariates were used to estimate RRs and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Results: During up to 32 years of follow-up, we documented 27,985 (20,414 among women, 7,571 among men [excluding non-advanced prostate cancer]) incident cancers over 3,137,359 person-years. Compared with non-regular users, regular aspirin use (≥2 standard [325-mg] tablets per week in women; ≥2 times per week in men) was associated with lower risk of overall cancer (multivariable RR 0.95; 95% CI 0.93-0.98), which was primarily due to a lower incidence of gastrointestinal (GI) cancers (HR 0.80; 95% CI 0.75-0.85), including colorectal cancer (HR 0.75; 95% CI 0.69-0.81) and gastroesophageal cancers (HR 0.86; 95% CI 0.71-1.04). Regular use of aspirin was not associated with risk of non-GI cancer (HR 0.98; 95% CI 0.96-1.01). In particular, no link between aspirin and breast cancer, advanced prostate cancer or lung cancer was identified. The benefit of aspirin on overall cancer appeared to be dose-dependent: compared with participants reported no aspirin use, the RRs for cancer were 0.99 (95% CI 0.95-1.03) for those who used 0.5 to 1.5 standard aspirin tablets per week, 0.97 (95% CI 0.93-1.01) for 2 to 5 aspirin per week, 0.93 (95% CI, 0.89-0.97) for 6 to 14 aspirin per week, and 0.94 (95% CI, 0.87-1.00) for ≥15 aspirin per week (P for trend Conclusion: Our results support an association of regular aspirin use with modestly reduced incidence of overall cancer. However, in contrast to the findings in the post-hoc analyses of several cardiovascular RCTs, higher doses of aspirin may be required to achieve benefits in cancer prevention. Longer duration of use was strongly associated with lower risk. Citation Format: Yin Cao, Reiko Nishihara, Kana Wu, Molin Wang, Shuji Ogino, Donna Spiegelman, Charles S. Fuchs, Edward L. Giovannucci, Andrew T. Chan. Long-term use of aspirin and risk of cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 876. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-876