cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modulation of food intake by mTOR signalling in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus in male rats: focus on ghrelin and nesfatin‐1

Previous studies have demonstrated that mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling in the hypothalamus is involved in the control of energy homeostasis. The aim of this study was to characterize the effect of mTOR signalling in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMNV) on energy intake. Phospho-mTOR was detected in the DMNV neurons, and its levels were increased by energy deprivation. Rapamycin significantly inhibited mTOR activity and reduced food intake when administrated into the fourth ventricle. Exposure of DMNV neurons to ghrelin increased the phosphorylation of mTOR. Injection of ghrelin into the fourth ventricle significantly increased food intake relative to the control vehicle. Pretreatment with rapamycin for 15 min attenuated the orexigenic effect of ghrelin. A reduction in the phosphorylation of mTOR was observed following injection of nesfatin-1 into the fourth ventricle. When administrated by injection into the fourth ventricle, nesfatin-1 suppressed food intake in comparison with the control vehicle. The anorexigenic effect of nesfatin-1 was significantly attenuated by pretreatment with leucine for 15 min. All these findings suggest that mTOR signalling in the DMNV neurons regulates both the nutrient and the hormonal signals for the modulation of food intake.
FCRL regulation in innate-like B cells

Coelomic cavity–derived B-1 and splenic marginal zone (MZ) B lymphocytes play principal roles in frontline host protection at homeostasis and during primary humoral immune responses. Although they share many features that enable rapid and broad-based defense against pathogens, these innate-like subsets have disparate B cell receptor (BCR) signaling features. Members of the Fc receptor–like (FCRL) family are preferentially expressed by B cells and possess tyrosine-based immunoregulatory function. An unusual characteristic of many of these cell surface proteins is the presence of both inhibitory (ITIM) and activating (ITAM-like) motifs in their cytoplasmic tails. In mice, FCRL5 is a discrete marker of splenic MZ and peritoneal B-1 B cells and has both ITIM and ITAM-like sequences. Recent work explored its signaling properties and identified that FCRL5 differentially influences innate-like BCR function. Closer scrutiny of these differences disclosed the ability of FCRL5 to counter-regulate BCR activation by recruiting SHP-1 and Lyn to its cytoplasmic motifs. Furthermore, the disparity in FCRL5 regulation between MZ and B-1 B cells correlated with relative intracellular concentrations of SHP-1. These findings validate and extend our understanding of the unique signaling features in innate-like B cells and provide new insight into the complexity of FCRL modulation.
Is intravenous cholangiography still useful

Abstract A retrospective study was performed to determine the usefulness of the intravenous cholangiogram for evaluation of common bile duct disease. Using interpretations obtained by chart review, 128 intravenous cholangiograms were categorized according to common bile duct visualization. Fifty-five percent of the studies were considered technically adequate for interpretation, while 23% and 22% were suboptimal and nondiagnostic, respectively. The intravenous cholangiogram diagnoses were verified when possible by comparison with the findings of: (a) endoscopic retrograde cholangiography, (b) operative cholangiography, (c) choledochotomy, or (d) autopsy. In verified studies of adequate intravenous cholangiograms, the diagnostic error rate was 40%, largely owing to missed stones. We conclude that the intravenous cholangiogram is usually unreliable for biliary tract evaluation, and should be replaced by alternative studies such as endoscopic or transhepatic cholangiography.
Localization and Regulation of Synthesis of Nitrate Reductase in Escherichia coli

The nitrate reductase of Escherichia coli K-12 was localized in a particulate fraction of the cell and it sedimented as if it were bound to a large substructure that is subject to fragmentation during cell disruption procedures. Soluble enzyme, exhibiting a homogenous profile in sucrose gradients, was released from this fraction by an alkaline-heat treatment. Less than 1.5% of total active nitrate reductase apparently occurred in this soluble form during the course of formation of the particulate enzyme. Enzyme synthesis was repressed by aeration in the presence or absence of nitrate. Under anaerobic conditions, nitrate reductase was synthesized at a rate that could be increased 20-fold by the addition of nitrate. When enzyme synthesis was initiated by induction with nitrate or anaerobiosis, biphasic kinetics were obtained. We interpreted the results as evidence for the existence of a redox-sensitive repressor which mediates nitrate reductase regulation.
Criteria for the selection of the most desirable radionuclide for radiolabeling monoclonal antibodies

Efficient labeling of monoclonal antibodies depends on a number of key factors, mostly related to the characteristics of the radionuclide itself and to the manner of its incorporation into the protein. Such factors include the physical half-life, the photon or particle energy of the radionuclide and its selective deposition of energy in tissues, the method of labeling used (covalent binding or chelation), and the effect that the chemical changes inherent in the labeling process may have on the properties of the protein or of its fragments. The major biological factor in determining the radionuclide of choice for labeling is the projected use of the labeled antibody. When the intended use is diagnostic, then what is required is high-photon density for achieving the high resolution needed for imaging, whereas therapeutic use requires radionuclides with high energy deposition at the target sites, i.e. beta or alpha emitters. A further consideration is to be given to the mode of administration of the radiolabeled monoclonal antibody: determination of the radiopharmacokinetic parameters of compartmental models of biodistribution of the labeled monoclonal antibody and/or its fragments may also assist in selecting which radionuclide may be best to use for radiolabeling a given monoclonal antibody intended for either tumor diagnosis, prognosis and/or therapy.
Deficient internal models for planning hand–object interactions in apraxia

Motor imagery (MI) has been associated with planning stages of motor production, and in particular, with internal models that predict the sensory consequences of motor commands and specify the motor commands required to achieve a given outcome. In this study we investigated several predictions derived from the hypothesis that ideomotor apraxia (IM), a deficit in pantomime and imitation of skilled actions, may be attributable in part to deficits in internal models for planning object-related actions, in the face of relatively intact on-line, feedback-driven control of action. This hypothesis predicts that in IM, motor imagery should be (a) strongly correlated with other motor tasks not providing strong visual, tactile, and proprioceptive feedback from objects, i.e., object-related pantomime and imitation; (b) poorly correlated with performance tasks providing strong environmental feedback about the locations of effectors and targets, i.e., actual interaction with objects; and (c) particularly deficient in conditions that are computationally difficult for the motor planning system. Eight left fronto-parietal stroke patients with IM, five stroke patients without IM, and six healthy matched controls imagined grasping dowels and widgets presented at varying orientations, and actually grasped the same objects. The experimental predictions were confirmed. In addition, patients with IM and motor imagery deficits were significantly more likely than the non-apraxic group to have lesions in the intraparietal sulcus, a region previously implicated in imagery for hand-object interactions. The findings suggest a principled explanation for the deficits of IM patients in object-related gesture pantomime, imitation, and learning of new object-related gestures.
Geographic distribution and genetic diversity of three Ophiosphaerella species that cause spring dead spot of bermudagrass

The distribution of three Ophiosphaerella spp. that cause spring dead spot (SDS) of bermudagrass was studied by systematically sampling two golf courses in Oklahoma and one in Kansas. O. herpotricha was isolated from all three locations and was the most abundant species. It was the only SDS pathogen found at Jenks, Oklahoma. O. korrae was isolated from Afton, Oklahoma, and Independence, Kansas, whereas O. narmari was only detected in samples from Afton. This is the first report of all three Ophiosphaerella species on bermudagrass at the same location. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) marker analysis was used to investigate inter- and intraspecific genetic diversity of Ophiosphaerella isolates from North America and Australia. A majority of the O. herpotricha and O. narmari isolates from Afton were distinct haplotypes, suggesting that sexual recombination was occurring within the population. Conversely, the presence of multiple isolates of O. herpotricha and O. narmari with the same haplotype also indicated that asexual propagation was occurring. The genetic diversity among O. herpotricha isolates from Afton was not distinctly different from that of isolates collected throughout the southern United States. In contrast, O. narmari isolates from Afton were distinct from those collected in Australia. The genetic diversity in O. korrae was markedly different than that in the other Ophiosphaerella spp. The population at Afton was dominated by just a few haplotypes, and these were nearly identical to isolates collected from bermudagrass and Kentucky bluegrass throughout western, central, and northern North America. However, O. korrae isolates collected in the southeastern United States were only distantly similar to other North American isolates.
Reducing redundant data transmissions in wireless ad hoc networks: comparing aggregation and filtering

Efficient bandwidth usage is vital for real-time ad hoc networking applications like vehicular safety. Yet, such applications can produce large amounts of identical data. Pruning redundant data transmissions can enable delivering richer data to more users at shorter intervals. Reducing redundancy has been studied extensively for stable network topologies but the solutions are not directly extensible to dynamic topologies where information about network state obsolesces quickly. We compare two novel combinations of the adaptive controlled flooding routing protocol, SBSD, with implementations of response aggregation and query filtering for mobile environments. We test these combinations in simulated vehicular networks. We show that, even in cases where response aggregation only slightly improves network performance, query filtering can improve delivery by up to 30 % and response time by 75 %.
Vapor growth and characterization of ZnSeTe solid solutions

Six ZnSe(1-x)Te(x) crystals were grown by the physical vapor transport technique. For each of the source material compositions, x = 0.10, 0.20 and 0.30, two crystals were grown - one under the horizontal and the other under the vertical stabilized configurations. The axial and radial compositional uniformity were measured by precision density measurements, wavelength dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS) and optical transmission mappings. The measured radial ZnTe content was quite uniform for all the grown crystals except the horizontally grown crystal for x = 0.30. The WDS results on this crystal indicated a core with uniform ZnTe content, about 0.38, surrounded by a thin region of high ZnTe content with x = 0.8. This feature was confirmed by the SEM back scattering electron images. For the three source compositions the axial compositional variations for the vertically grown crystals were more uniform than that for the horizontally grown crystals. The measured compositions in the crystals grown from source composition of x = 0.10 suggest that the transport mechanism in the system can not be interpreted by a simple one-dimensional diffusion limited model.
Vitamin D and the RNA transcriptome: more than mRNA regulation

The GRCh37.p13 primary assembly of the human genome contains 20805 protein coding mRNA, and 37147 non-protein coding genes and pseudogenes that as a result of RNA processing and editing generate 196501 gene transcripts. Given the size and diversity of the human transcriptome, it is timely to revisit what is known of VDR function in the regulation and targeting of transcription. Early transcriptomic studies using microarray approaches focused on the protein coding mRNA that were regulated by the VDR, usually following treatment with ligand. These studies quickly established the approximate size, and surprising diversity of the VDR transcriptome, revealing it to be highly heterogenous and cell type and time dependent. With the discovery of microRNA, investigators also considered VDR regulation of these non-protein coding RNA. Again, cell and time dependency has emerged. Attempts to integrate mRNA and miRNA regulation patterns are beginning to reveal patterns of co-regulation and interaction that allow for greater control of mRNA expression, and the capacity to govern more complex cellular events. As the awareness of the diversity of non-coding RNA increases, it is increasingly likely it will be revealed that VDR actions are mediated through these molecules also. Key knowledge gaps remain over the VDR transcriptome. The causes for the cell and type dependent transcriptional heterogenetiy remain enigmatic. ChIP-Seq approaches have confirmed that VDR binding choices differ very significantly by cell type, but as yet the underlying causes distilling VDR binding choices are unclear. Similarly, it is clear that many of the VDR binding sites are non-canonical in nature but again the mechanisms underlying these interactions are unclear. Finally, although alternative splicing is clearly a very significant process in cellular transcriptional control, the lack of RNA-Seq data centered on VDR function are currently limiting the global assessment of the VDR transcriptome. VDR focused research that complements publically available data (e.g., ENCODE Birney et al., 2007; Birney, 2012), TCGA (Strausberg et al., 2002), GTEx (Consortium, 2013) will enable these questions to be addressed through large-scale data integration efforts.
An existence theorem for the complementarity problem

LetC be a pointed, solid, closed and convex cone in then-dimensional Euclidean spaceE n ,C* its polar cone,M:C→E n a map, andq a vector inE n . The complementarity problem (q|M) overC is that of finding a solution to the system $$(q|M) x \varepsilon C, M(x) + q \varepsilon C{^*} , \left\langle {x, M(x) + q} \right\rangle = 0.$$ It is shown that, ifM is continuous and positively homogeneous of some degree onC, and if (q|M) has a unique solution (namely,x=0) forq=0 and for someq=q 0 ∈ intC*, then it has a solution for allq ∈E n .
School Reform, Hybrid Discourses, and Second Language Literacies

This article analyzes how school reforms in the United States during the 1990s supported transformative literacy practices in the context of a Hmong-English third grade classroom. Using methods that allow for an analysis of both macro and micro discourses shaping the literacy practices of English language learners, this 2-year study illustrates how combined discourses at the state, district, school, and classroom levels created a discursive space that allowed for the production of hybrid texts that disrupted, if only temporarily, many of the reproductive forces associated with modern schooling. Using a critical perspective of language and social change (e.g., Fairclough, 1992), the author presents an analysis of texts produced and interpreted by participants in a classroom shaped by a statewide school reform initiative known as Senate Bill 1274, California's school restructuring initiative. An analysis of these texts reveals that they afforded language learners opportunities to display multilingual and multicultural identities and to appropriate academic uses of English.
Composition-Graded AlInP/AlGaAsSb/InP Type-II DHBTs With $f_{T}/f_{\rm MAX} = \hbox{450/510}\ \hbox{GHz}$

A type-II AlInP/AlGaAsSb/InP double heterojunction bipolar transistor (DHBT) with composition-graded Al content in the base is designed and grown by molecular beam epitaxy. Compared with composition-graded GaAsSb and InGaAsSb bases in DHBT, the graded AlGaAsSb base can generate a larger built-in electric field, thus reducing base transit time and improving device speed. We have fabricated AlGaAsSb graded base DHBTs and demonstrated fT/fMAX = 450/510 GHz for a 0.3 × 2 μm2 device.
Footprint-based identification of viral entry inhibitors targeting HIVgp41.

Abstract A targeted virtual screen to the N-helix hydrophobic pocket on HIVgp41 was performed using DOCK followed by re-ranking with a new footprint-based scoring function which employed native gp41 C-helix residues as a reference. Of ca. 500,000 small molecules screened, 115 were purchased, and 7 hits were identified with favorable binding ( K i ), cell–cell fusion (IC 50 ), and cytotoxicity (CC 50 ) profiles. Three of the seven active compounds would not have been discovered without the use of the footprints, demonstrating the utility of the method for structure-based design when a known reference compound or substrate is available.
Identification and characterization of mesotocin and V1a-like vasotocin receptors in a urodele amphibian, Taricha granulosa.

Abstract The cDNA sequences encoding the mesotocin receptor (MTR) and vasotocin 1a receptor (VTR-1a) were identified in a urodele amphibian, the rough-skinned newt, Taricha granulosa . Saturation binding of [ 3 H]oxytocin (OT) to the Taricha MTR (tMTR) was best fit by a two-state model; a high affinity-low abundance site and a lower affinity-high abundance site. Competition-binding studies found the following rank-order affinities for the tMTR: mesotocin (MT) > OT ≈ vasotocin (VT) > vasopressin (VP) > isotocin (IT). Inositol phosphate (IP) accumulation studies demonstrated functional activity of both the tMTR and Taricha VTR-1a (tVTR-1a) in a heterologous cell culture system. The rank-order potencies for the tMTR were MT > OT > VT ≈ VP > IT. The combined binding and IP results indicate that VT may act as a partial agonist of the tMTR. Rank-order potencies for the tVTR-1a were VT > VP > MT ≈ OT > IT. For both receptors, stimulation of IP accumulation was blocked by d(CH 2 ) 5 [Tyr(Me) 2 ]AVP (Manning compound) and d(CH 2 ) 5 [Tyr(Me) 2 ,Thr 4 ,Tyr-NH 2 ]OVT (OTA). OTA was a more potent antagonist for the transiently expressed tMTR while Manning compound was relatively more potent at inhibiting IP accumulation in tVTR-1a expressing cells. In contradiction to earlier assumptions, the absolute IC 50 of Manning compound was lower for the tMTR (27 nM ± 13) than the tVTR-1a (586 nM ± 166) indicating its potential higher affinity for the tMTR, a finding with special relevance to interpretation of comparative studies investigating the behavioral and physiological actions of neurohypophysial peptides in non-mammalian species.
Vacuum Ultraviolet Radiation for Single-Photoionization Mass Spectrometry: A Review

Vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) radiation may be employed to perform single-photoionization (SPI) mass spectrometry (MS). Advantages of the use of VUV include its application to all compounds with ionization potentials below 10.5 eV, its inability to ionize background gases, and minimal ion fragmentation compared to most other ionization methods. This paper is a review of the use of VUV for SPI-MS in analytical chemistry. Theoretical aspects of the production of VUV are discussed, along with experimental arrangements. Practical hints on the construction and production of VUV light are also included. Some examples of SPI mass spectra are presented, along with a summary of applications of this technique.
Adolescent overweight may be tempting fate.

The paper by Must and colleagues in this issue of the Journal1 uses data from the Third Harvard Growth Study, conducted between 1922 and 1935, to evaluate the effects of weight in adolescence on fu...
Effects of oxandrolone, an anabolic steroid, on hemostasis.

This study evaluated the short-term effects of oxandrolone, an anabolic androgenic synthetic steroid, on blood coagulation and the hemostatic/fibrinolytic system in healthy individuals. Subjects (n = 14) were administered oxandrolone (10 mg twice daily) for 14 days. Blood was obtained on days 0, 1, 3, 7, 9, 14, and then at day 42 (28 days after discontinuation of the drug). Samples were analyzed for the plasma plasminogen, plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1), fibrinogen, and coagulation factors (II, V, VII, VIII, and X). After 7 days of administration of oxandrolone, the plasma plasminogen level significantly increased [100% ± 21% to 174% ± 21% (P < 0.0001)]. PAI-1 was significantly decreased at day 3 [16 ± 9 to 7 ± 4 mg/dL (P < 0.01)]. Coagulation factors II and V significantly increased at day 14 [88 ± 15 to 122 ± 11 (P < 0.005) and 105 ± 21 to 179 ± 36% (P < 0.0001)], respectively. Factor VII level decreased by day 3 [91% ± 26% to 83% ± 18%, NS], but after 14 days factor VII level returned to baseline (91% ± 26% to 93% ± 19%, NS). The increase of factor VIII level was not significant (111% ± 64% to 125% ± 55%, NS). Factor X increased steadily over 14 days of drug treatment [96% ± 11% to 107% ± 25%, NS] and after discontinuation, decreased and returned to baseline by day 42 [107% ± 25% to 89% ± 25%, NS]. Fibrinogen decreased by 22% ± 12%, (NS). Administration of oxandrolone, to healthy young men was associated with a significant increase in select blood coagulation factors and plasminogen. These changes create a state of potential hypercoagulability that appears to be counterbalanced by increased fibrinolytic activity to maintain homeostasis. Am. J. Hematol. 81:95–100, 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The marijuana window: A theory of cannabis use

Evidence is reviewed indicating that marijuana induces variability of information processing by higher brain structures, which results in variability of experience and behavior. It is proposed that this variability retards the habituation of classical reinforcers and also induces novel experiences which are reinforcing after an initial reduction of fear of the unfamiliar. This hypothesis accounts for marijuana popularity and encompasses a wide variety of neurophysiological, behavioral, and subjective data.
Windows 2000 deployment technical challenges at the University of Colorado at Boulder

Microsoft Windows 2000 represents a major change in desktop and network operating systems. This latest Windows operating system includes many new features and technologies that will potentially benefit users and Information Technology (IT) managers on the Boulder campus. However, along with the increased functionality comes an increase in complexity. Windows 2000 must be integrated into our existing IT infrastructure to manage and support its method of directory service, security and authentication, and resource sharing. Information Technology Services’ (ITS) goal is to gain an indepth understanding of the Windows 2000 technologies and design a framework for its deployment. This includes the design, implementation and management of the Active Directory and the Kerberos 5 realm. It will also include modifying the existing Domain Naming System (DNS) to handle the specific requirements of Windows 2000. We will document this information and make it available to users on our campus. We will also maintain a test environment where interested network administrators can carry out their own testing and gain experience with the new operating environment. This paper will describe our proposed solutions and the rationale for them.
Experimental test of the T2 law for the Hall angle from Tc to 500 K in oxygen-reduced YBa2Cu3O6+x crystals.

In both 90-K'' and 60-K'' YBa[sub 2]Cu[sub 3]O[sub 6+[ital x]] crystals, we find that the [ital T][sup 2] law for the Hall angle, measured with field [bold H][parallel][bold c], remains valid for temperatures [ital T] between [ital T][sub [ital c]] and 500 K. The persistence of power-law behavior over this wide range is not affected by oxygen reduction. In contrast to this anomalous behavior, the Hall coefficient observed with [bold H][perpendicular][bold c] is [ital negative] [ital and] [ital temperature] [ital independent]. Measurements of the in-plane resistivity [rho][sub [ital x][ital x]] to 500 K disclose the existence of a kink temperature [ital T][sub [ital K]] ([similar to]320 K) that separates a high-temperature power-law regime from a low-temperature region in which [rho][sub [ital x][ital x]] displays significant curvature.
Reliability of retrieval from semantic memory: Information about people

An estimate of the reliability with which information about specific people could be retrieved from semantic memory was made. College-aged subjects were asked to describe 10 friends and 10 famous people. They then performed the identical task 1 week later. For personal friends, they listed a mean of 8.02 attributes, and for famous people, 5.72 attributes. The estimate of recall reliability using the common-element correlation was.38 for friends and.55 for famous people. The between-subjects correlation for attributes of famous people was.21. Reasons for the modest reliability values, such as the inadequacy of the prompts and the complexity of the responses, are discussed.
A sub-national scale geospatial analysis of diamond deposit lootability: The case of the Central African Republic

Abstract The Central African Republic (CAR), a country with rich diamond deposits and a tumultuous political history, experienced a government takeover by the Seleka rebel coalition in 2013. It is within this context that we developed and implemented a geospatial approach for assessing the lootability of high value-to-weight resource deposits, using the case of diamonds in CAR as an example. According to current definitions of lootability, or the vulnerability of deposits to exploitation, CAR's two major diamond deposits are similarly lootable. However, using this geospatial approach, we demonstrate that the deposits experience differing political geographic, spatial location, and cultural geographic contexts, rendering the eastern deposits more lootable than the western deposits. The patterns identified through this detailed analysis highlight the geographic complexities surrounding the issue of conflict resources and lootability, and speak to the importance of examining these topics at the sub-national scale, rather than relying on national-scale statistics.
Spontaneous Dissociation of CO2 to CO on Defective Surface of Cu(I)/TiO2–x Nanoparticles at Room Temperature

The activation of CO2 on defective surface of Cu(I)/TiO2–x has been studied using in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS). It was demonstrated that CO2– species, generated upon an electron attachment to CO2, are spontaneously dissociated into CO even in the dark on a partially oxygen depleted Cu(I)/TiO2–x surface prepared by thermal annealing in an inert environment. The formation of CO bound on Cu+ sites was identified in the DRIFT spectra, and isotopic carbon-labeling experiments confirmed that the produced CO was derived from CO2. The spontaneous dissociation of CO2– in the dark is to a large extent associated with the surface oxygen vacancies that provide not only the electronic charge (i.e., formation of Ti3+) but also the sites for the adsorption of oxygen atoms from CO2. The surface Cu+ species may facilitate destabilizing adsorbed CO2– and enhance its subsequent dissociation to CO. The defective surface is much more active than defect-free surface; the healed o...
The influence of temperature on the respiratory properties of iguana blood.

Abstract Blood respiratory and acid-base properties were studied in the common iguana. Iguana iguana. Blood pH was found to increase with decreasing body temperature at the rate of 0.0183 pH/ 1 °C. The Bohr effect was approximately equal to that of mammalian blood (log Δ50/ΔpH = −0.52) and was not influenced by temperature. Hemoglobin concentration averaged 8.4 g/100 ml blood and O2 capacity was 10.5 vol %. The buffering capacity of the blood was high at all temperatures with an average ΔHCO3/ΔpH of −25.0 meq/1. The interaction of the effects of temperature on blood pH, temperature on Hb-O2 affinity and pH on Hb-O2 affinity are discussed with respect to anaerobic metabolism, diving and temperature regulation in the iguana.
Learning: A mechanism of learning found?

Synaptic plasticity in the cerebellar cortex is abolished and cerebellum-dependent motor learning is decreased in mice lacking a metabotropic glutamate receptor. Is the receptor involved in learning?
The c-Myc Oncoprotein Interacts with Bcr

Abstract Bcr is a multifunctional protein that is the fusion partner for Abl (p210 Bcr-Abl) in Philadelphia chromosome positive leukemias. We have identified c-Myc as a binding partner for Bcr in both yeast and mammalian cells. We are also able to observe interactions between natively expressed c-Myc and Bcr in leukemic cell lines. Although Bcr and Max have overlapping binding sites on c-Myc, Bcr cannot interact with Max, or with the c-Myc•Max heterodimer. Bcr expression blocks activation of c-Myc-responsive genes, as well as the transformed phenotype induced by coexpression of c-Myc and H-Ras, and this finding suggests that one function of Bcr is to limit the activity of c-Myc. However, Bcr does not block c-Myc function by preventing its nuclear localization. Interestingly, increased Bcr dosage in COS-7 and K-562 cells correlates with a reduction in c-Myc protein levels, suggesting that Bcr may in fact be limiting c-Myc activity by regulating its stability. These data indicate that Bcr is a novel regulator of c-Myc function whose disrupted expression may contribute to the high level of c-Myc protein that is observed in Bcr-Abl transformed cells.
Boronic acids for affinity chromatography: spectral methods for determinations of ionization and diol-binding constants.

Arylboronic acids attached to solid matrices have proved useful for the diol-specific chromatography of biomolecules and affinity purification of enzymes by exchangeable-ligand chromatography. The latter use has been limited by the intrinsic ionization constant (pKa ∼ 9) of the most common commercial products. The synthesis of several arylboronic acids with ionization constants near neutrality are described, and the application of a new general, spectral-difference method for determining acid ionization constants and formation constants with fructose is developed. In particular 4-(N - methyl) carboxamido - benzeneboronic acid was found to have a pKa of 7.86 and a formation constant with d-fructose of 8600. It was stable toward acid or base hydrolysis. We suggest that 4-carboxybenzeneboronic acid might be useful for preparing matrices for enzyme affinity chromatography.
The difference bands nu11-nu4 and nu10-nu18 of benzene at high resolution

The very weak difference bands v 11-v 4 and v 10-v 18 of the benzene molecule have been recorded by a high resolution Fourier transform spectrometer equipped with a long path absorption cell. Analysis of the spectra yielded much improved data for the Raman active states v 11 (species E1g ) and v 18(E2g ), and for the inactive B2u state v 10.
Surgical treatment of double and triple heart valve disease through a limited single-access right minithoracotomy

Heart valve disease can be extensive and may include double (mitral-aortic, mitral-tricuspid), or triple (mitral, aortic, and tricuspid) valvular regurgitation. The surgical correction of significant valvular regurgitation usually consists of the repair or replacement of all valves affected by a pathologic process. The median full-length sternotomy still serves as a classic approach for single, double, and triple valve operations in most patients. Here, we present a minimally invasive approach for the surgery of double and triple heart valve disease through a limited single-access right minithoracotomy in the 3rd intercostal space, with central aortic and percutaneous venous cannulation. A total of 48 double valve procedures were performed in our department using this technique. The minimally invasive approach through a right single-access thoracotomy has become our choice for all isolated mitral valve, and for most isolated aortic valve, replacement procedures. Triple valve surgery was performed in six cases and was feasible in all selected patients.
Transformational leader behavior, proximity and successful services marketing

This research examined the relationship between the behaviors associated with transformational, transactional, and laissez‐faire leadership and followers’ success in marketing financial services in a proximal sales unit environment. Although transformational leadership has received significant support in non‐sales settings, empirical research investigating the transformational sales manager/sales follower dyad is limited. Recent research has suggested that a transactional style of sales management may be preferable when attempting to influence follower work outcomes. This examination reports results that support the notion that transformational sales leadership may be advantageous to services sales organizations in settings where sales managers and their followers are in close proximity.
Inactivation of phage by near-ultraviolet radiation and hydrogen peroxide.

A series of phage with different genomes (both single-stranded and double-stranded RNA and DNA) was inactivated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in various combinations with far-ultraviolet (FUV) and near-ultraviolet (NUV) radiations. In every case but one (a lipid-coated phage), a sublethal H2O2 concentration greatly enhanced killing by NUV but not FUV. Moreover, this NUV/H2O2 synergism was oxygen independent and there was little if any host cell reactivation upon NUV plus H2O2 inactivation. These results suggest that these phage are inactivated by a common mechanism irrespective of nucleic acid composition, but that some phage genomes may be more vulnerable to NUV/H2O2 inactivation than others.
Orthogonal multiblade coordinates

Introduction T method of multiblade coordinates introduced by Coleman is a powerful technique for describing the motion of a multibladed helicopter rotor. Multiblade coordinates describe the overall rotor motion in a nonrotating coordinate frame fixed in the helicopter body. This provides advantages over individual blade coordinates which describe the motion of the individual blades in a frame rotating with the rotor. Some advantages are 1) the overall rotor motion, which includes the motion of all the blades, is intuitively easier to understand because it is described in terms of the collective mode and the periodic longitudinal and lateral modes in the nonrotating frame; 2) fuselage motion and active controls couple with the rotor motion in the form of nonrotating feedback effects; and 3) the transformation to multiblade coordinates replaces some harmonic terms in the equations of motion by constants and higher frequency terms. This last property results in the time-averaged constant coefficient approximation being valid for higher advance ratios compared with the individual blade equations. It also reduces the computation time necessary for a stability analysis using Floquet theory in the case that periodic terms are not time aver aged. The method of multiblade coordinates has been applied by Hohenemser and Yin, Biggers, Gaonkar and Peters,' Hodges, Briczinski and Cooper, and others to analyze various aspects of the motion of multibladed rotors. In this Note a modified set of multiblade coordinates is introduced for which the transformation between individual blade coordinates and mutiblade coordinates is orthogonal, hence the name orthogonal multiblade coordinates. This property results in simplifications in the transformations of the equations of motion and their solutions.
X-ray scattering studies of low-T Ag(001) and Cu(001) homoepitaxy: Vacancy trapping and surface morphology evolution

We have used synchrotron x-ray diffraction to study the low-T homoepitaxial growth on Ag(001) and Cu(001) surfaces. For both systems, we found that a large, temperature-dependent vacancy concentration is incorporated in films grown below 160K. The vacancy trapping occurs concomitantly with substantial changes in the surface morphology, where a non-monotonic temperature dependence of the mean-square surface roughness has been previously observed. For Cu/Cu(001) we also found that the concentration of vacancies incorporated at 110K evolves, upon heating, according to the vacancy annealing behavior well-known from radiation damage studies of bulk copper and it is consistent with the activation energy for vacancy mobility.
Acute Unloading of the Work of Breathing Extends Exercise Duration in Patients With Heart Failure

AbstractObjectives. This study investigated whether maximal exercise performance can be improved by acutely decreasing the work of breathing in these patients.Background. Exertional dyspnea is a fr...
Leibniz' principle, general relativity, and the observational dominance of euclidean geometry

Leibniz' principle and the observational dominance of Euclidean geometry suggest a huge cosmological constant in Einstein's field equations and a correspondingly huge negative “vacuum” density. This theory lends support to renormalization procedures in quantum electrodynamics and to the view that the interactions we “observe” are fluctuations of the “vacuum state” interpreted as a Fermi sea. Einstein's “preferred” equations, with A=0, are recovered. “Empty” space has no metric geometry at all.
Dial‐A‐Porn recordings: The role of the female participant in male sexual fantasies

This study analyzes the content of 82 dial‐a‐porn recordings. No violent themes such as rape or bondage were found. Violent acts were typically suggested by the female, and in recordings characterized by dominance, the female was the dominant party. Due to a variety of public policy initiatives, it appears that dial‐a‐porn, at least in recorded form, has moved from 900 numbers to 800 and long‐distance numbers.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Induces Selective Production of the Chemokine RANTES by Upper Airway Epithelial Cells

The presence of histamine and eosinophil cationic protein in nasopharyngeal secretions of infants with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-induced bronchiolitis implies the activation of basophil and eosinophil leukocytes, but the specific mechanism of their recruitment has not been elucidated. Chemokines are potent and selective leukocyte chemotactic molecules that are also expressed by airway epithelial cells. Therefore, the pattern of chemokines produced in response to RSV infection was investigated in primary cultures of human nose- and adenoid-derived epithelial cells. Interleukin-8, growth-related peptide-alpha, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 were constitutively released by uninfected epithelial cells and were not further enhanced by infection with RSV. RANTES (regulated upon activation, normal T cell-expressed and -secreted), which was present in negligible concentrations in uninfected cultures, was strongly induced by RSV infection, in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Through the release of RANTES, epithelial cells may control the selective concentration and activation of basophils and eosinophils in RSV-infected airway mucosa.
Timing relationships between prosodic and segmental control in Osaka Japanese word accent.

This paper examines onset times of prosodic and segmental transitions with corresponding sternohyoid muscle activity in the speech of Osaka Japanese. The synchronization between prosodic and segmental control occurs in words combining a close vowel followed, directly or indirectly, by an open vowel with High-Low accent, including words with devoiced accented vowels. Both segmental and prosodic control mechanisms are associated with the activity of the sternohyoid muscle. We discuss how the observed segmental-prosodic timing relation can be interpreted in terms of muscle contraction control.
Lithographic characterization of evanescent wave imaging systems

Solid immersion lithography has been investigated as a successor to liquid immersion lithography as a single exposure option for the 32 nm node. Current demonstrations have been limited to interferometric imaging. We model the solid immersion lithography process rigorously, including the evanescent wave phenomena, in a commercial lithography simulator. The lithographic process space is explored for conditions such as process window, resist thickness, gap width, and gap material. Vector imaging, followed by full resist kinetics and development, is performed for all calculations. Mask error factor, CD through pitch, and other issues significant to lithography are explored.
Public Perspectives About Pharmacogenetic Testing and Managing Ancillary Findings

Aims: Pharmacogenetic (PGx) tests are intended to improve therapeutic outcomes through predicting a patient's likelihood to respond to or experience an adverse effect from a specific treatment. In addition, PGx testing may also generate ancillary, or incidental, disease information unrelated to the purpose for which the test was ordered. To assess public attitudes toward PGx testing, ancillary disease risk information and related clinical issues, we conducted a series of focus groups. Results: Forty-five individuals recruited from Durham, NC, participated in four focus groups. Overall, participants were enthusiastic about PGx testing, though expressed concerns about privacy, confidentiality, and psychological harms associated with ancillary information. Focus group participants believed that physicians had a responsibility to disclose ancillary risk information, but were concerned about managing and coping with unexpected disease risk information. Conclusion: We find that participants welcomed the integra...
Path to a TeraByte of on-chip memory for petabit per second bandwidth with < 5Watts of power

We propose a path to achieve an ambitious target that has never been tried before: a terabyte of on-chip memory for petabit/second of bandwidth with <; 5W of power. Conventional methodology of on-chip memory design is bottom up where the choice of bitcell topology and associated peripherals are predetermined. The resulting memory is sub-optimal and often suffers from high power and poor bandwidth. We approach this problem from top down where the capacity, bandwidth and power specifications guide the choice of bitcell. Our evaluation shows that domain wall memory (DWM) can be a potential technology that can meet TB capacity and Pb/s bandwidth with shoestring power budget.
Role of nitrogen on the oxidative stability of Ti5Si3 based alloys at elevated temperature

Abstract Ti 5 Si 3 has been extensively studied as a candidate material for high temperature application due to its high melting point (2130 °C), low density (∼4.3 g/cm 3 ) and excellent oxidation resistance in oxygen above 1000 °C. However, stoichiometric Ti 5 Si 3 alloy experiences accelerated oxidation during exposure in air above 1000 °C. It was proposed that nitrogen was responsible for the increased oxidation in air. In the present study, the isothermal reaction kinetics of Ti 5 Si 3 in nitrogen at 1000 °C was investigated. Compared to a slow parabolic oxidation rate in oxygen, a faster linear reaction rate was observed when Ti 5 Si 3 is exposed to nitrogen. Further studies on the oxidation behavior for changing nitrogen/oxygen atmospheres showed that Ti 5 Si 3 is stable for exposure up to 400 h at 1000 °C when the gas contained 50% N 2 . Breakaway oxidation occurs after short exposures when the gas contained at least 75% N 2 , and the reaction rate increased as the concentration of N 2 increased. Furthermore, time to breakaway oxidation decreases with the increasing nitrogen partial pressure. Extensive analysis of the oxidation products with SEM and XRD revealed that the formation and fast growth of a nitride-containing subscale interferes with the establishment of the continuous protective silica scale and contributes to the breakaway oxidation.
Renin-angiotensin system in the llama

Abstract 1. 1. The llama has markedly lower levels of in vitro angiotensin-I (A-I) converting enzyme activity and angiotensin-II (A-II) than nine other species tested. 2. 2. In vivo conversion of A-I to A-II in the llama is similar to that of other species. 3. 3. Resting levels of other components of the renin-angiotensin system, i.e. renal renin granulation, A-I and plasma renin activity, are normal. 4. 4. Acute alveolar hypoxia increased the levels of A-II in four out of five experiments.
Comparative Studies on Spirostomum: Silver Impregnation of Three Species*

SYNOPSIS. Silver impregnation techniques were used to study the silverline system of three species in the genus Spirostomum. It was concluded that for those species studied in the general area of Washington, D.C., the average numbers of ciliary meridians in S. teres, S. minus and S. ambiguum are 18, 24 and 46 respectively. Seventy-six % of the measurements in S. teres and S. ambiguum and 84% of the measurements in S. minus deviate from the mean by less than 1 standard deviation.
MOLECULAR PROPERTIES OF POSTMORTEM MUSCLE. 10. Effect of Internal Temperature and Carcass Maturity on Structure of Bovine Longissimus

SUMMARY– A study was carried out with light and electron microscopic techniques to discover the effect of heating and carcass maturity upon the connective tissue and myofibrillar proteins of longissimus from veal (5–6 months), A (12–20 months) and D (54–60 months) maturities. Longissimus was heated to internal temperatures of 1) 50°C; 2) 60°C; 3) 70°C; 4) 80°C and 5) 90°C. Light microscopy indicated that connective tissue fibers increased in size and degree of aggregation with carcass maturity. Also, the more aggregated fibers from D maturity were more heat resistant than the less aggregated fibers of veal and A maturity. Endomysial connective tissue shrinkage was initiated at 50°C and it was completed at approximately 70°C. On the other hand, perimysial connective tissue shrinkage required internal temperatures of 70°C and higher before any significant fiber changes were observed. However, if endomysial and perimysial connective tissue fibers showed similar degrees of aggregation, they appeared to react similarly to heat regardless of maturity group. Electron and phase contrast microscopy showed that myofibrillar proteins compressed and sarcomeres shortened at 50°C. Heating to 60°C caused loss of M-line structure, initiation of disintegration and coagulation of thin and thick filaments and further myofibrillar protein shrinkage. Heating to 70 and 80°C caused more disintegration of thin filaments and coagulation of thick filaments. At 90°C, an amorphous structure resulted, but regardless of the internal temperature the principal banding features of the sarcomere could be identified. These changes are discussed in relationship to changes in meat tenderness.