cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Generation of a combined dataset of simulated radar and EO/IR imagery

In the world of remote sensing, both radar and EO/IR (electro-optical/infrared) sensors carry with them unique information useful to the imaging community. Radar has the capability of imaging through all types of weather, day or night. EO/IR produces radiance maps and frequently images at much finer resolution than radar. While each of these systems is valuable to imaging, there exists unknown territory in the imaging community as to the value added in combining the best of both these worlds. This work will begin to explore the challenges in simulating a scene in both a radar tool called Xpatch and an EO/IR tool called DIRSIG (Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Image Generation). The capabilities and limitations inherent to both radar and EO/IR are similar in the image simulation tools, so the work done in a simulated environment will carry over to the real-world environment as well. The goal of this effort is to demonstrate an environment where EO/IR and radar images of common scenes can be simulated. Once demonstrated, this environment would be used to facilitate trade studies of various multi-sensor instrument design and exploitation algorithm concepts. The synthetic data generated will be compared to existing measured data to demonstrate the validity of the experiment.
Single Exciton Magneto‐Photoluminescence in GaAs Quantum Wells

We present the fine structure and Zeeman splitting of excitons localized in narrow GaAs quantum wells by interface roughness. We report an anomalous exciton identified by its intriguing magneto-optical characteristics as a function of field strength and orientation. In the Voigt geometry, the anomalous exciton g-factors are 5 to 10 times larger than those for a normal exciton in this quantum dot system.
Wearable tag clouds: visualizations to facilitate new collaborations

We describe the development and pilot testing by university faculty of Wearable Tag Clouds as a CSCL technology. Tag Clouds are 'at-a-glance' information visualizations that, in the wearable form developed here, repurpose social web technologies to support face-to-face interactions. Exploration of collaborative prospects is facilitated by visualizing the substantive emphases of researchers' written works. Pilot test results suggest wearable information visualizations can positively impact face-to-face interactions in collaborative communities.
Mutations in S-cone pigment genes and the absence of colour vision in two species of nocturnal primate

Most primates have short-wavelength sensitive (S) cones and one or more types of cone maximally sensitive in the middle to long wavelengths (M/L cones). These multiple cone types provide the basis for colour vision. Earlier experiments established that two species of nocturnal primate, the owl monkey (Aotus trivirgatus) and the bushbaby (Otolemur crassicaudatus), lack a viable population of S cones. Because the retinas of these species have only a single type of M/L cone, they lack colour vision. Both of these species have an S-cone pigment gene that is highly homologous to the human S-cone pigment gene. Examination of the nucleotide sequences of the S-cone pigment genes reveals that each species has deleterious mutational changes: in comparison to the sequence for the corresponding region of the human gene, exon 4 of the bushbaby S-cone pigment gene has a two nucleotide deletion and a single nucleotide insertion that produces a frame shift and results in the introduction of a stop codon. Exon 1 of the owl monkey S-cone pigment gene likewise contains deletions and insertions that produce a stop codon. The absence of colour vision in both of these nocturnal primates can thus be traced to defects in their S-cone pigment genes.
The effect of soliciting demographic data on the performance of students on online tests

Stereotype threat was studied in the context of online testing in Computer Science. For the study, the student's identity was made salient by asking the student to identify sex and race, with no additional allusions to positive or negative stereotypes associated with any of their subgroups. It was found that the negative effect of entering demographic data before answering a test was more readily apparent on harder topics. The negative effect of stereotype threat on female and non-Caucasian students was significant among those who had not already mastered the material. On the harder topic in the study, after excluding those who had mastered the material, stereotype threat was found to negatively affect male and Caucasian students also, possibly because of “choking effect”. Given these results, it is recommended that demographic information should be solicited after rather than before online tests.
Management of opioid side effects in cancer-related and chronic noncancer pain: a systematic review

Side effects can limit opioid dosage and reduce quality of life. The purpose of this systematic review was to assess the management of opioid side effects in the context of cancer pain management or, in the event that no evidence was available for cancer pain, for chronic noncancer pain. The side effects studied were constipation, pruritus, nausea and vomiting, myoclonus, sedation, respiratory depression, and delirium. Opioid rotation to manage side effects was also studied. For each side effect, we searched MEDLINE and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register and identified 657 possible titles for inclusion. Of these, 67 studies met inclusion criteria for analysis. The lack of well-designed, randomized controlled trials and the heterogeneity of populations and study designs made the drawing of firm conclusions difficult and precluded performance of meta-analysis. The type, strength, and consistency of evidence for available interventions to manage opioid side effects vary from strong (eg, on the use of naloxone to reverse respiratory depression or constipation) to weak (eg, changing from the oral to epidural route of morphine administration to manage sedation). Well-designed trials in the specified populations are required to furnish clinicians with secure evidence on managing opioid side effects successfully.
Revising the Doctrine of Double Effect

The Doctrine of Double Effect has been challenged by the claim that what an agent intends as a means may be limited to those effects that are precisely characterised by the descriptions under which the agent believes that they are minimally causally necessary for the production of other effects that the agent seeks to bring about. If based on so narrow a conception of an intended means, the traditional Doctrine of Double Effect becomes limitlessly permissive. In this paper I examine and criticise Warren Quinn's attempt to reformulate the Doctrine in such a way that it retains its force and plausibility even if we accept the narrow conception of an intended means. Building on Quinn's insights, I conclude by offering a further version of the Doctrine that retains the virtues of Quinn's account but avoids the objections to it.
Emotional Intelligence as Moderator of the Surface Acting—Strain Relationship

The authors examined the moderating role of emotional intelligence in the surface acting—strain relationship. Specifically, the authors hypothesized that higher levels of emotional intelligence were associated with a weaker relationship between surface acting and strain (i.e., depressed mood at work, somatic complaints). Results supported the hypothesized relationships, and the authors found that higher emotional intelligence attenuated the positive relationship between surface acting and depressed mood at work and somatic complaints. Implications of the results, limitations of the study, and directions for future research are discussed.
Analyzing WISC-III Profiles: A Comparison of Two Approaches

The effects of the use of a constant difference score (Kaufman, 1979, 1994) to identify subtest scores that were significantly different from the mean score on the Verbal, Performance, or Full Scale of the WISC-III were compared to a more complex approach that employed tables from Sattler (1992) and Wechsler (1991). It was hypothesized that the use of a specified number of points as indicative of a significant discrepancy, as suggested by Kaufman (1994), would result in over- or underinterpretation because the minimum deviation required for statistical significance depends on the intercorrelations of the subtests and on the number of subtests in the composite (e.g., Silverstein, 1984; Willson, Stanton, & Olivarez, 1989). Analysis of the WISC-III profiles of 392 participants, who ranged in age from 6 to 16 years, generally supported this hypothesis. The difference scores on which the over- and underinterpretation were based occurred with relative frequency in the standardization sample. Implications were d...
A probabalistic methodology for estimating water quality effects from highway stormwater runoff

Abstract To assess the significance of pollutant loads from highways, in terms of the extent to which they may cause adverse impacts on a beneficial use, the cumulative frequency distribution of pollutant concentrations downstream of the highway discharge is computed and may be compared with concentration levels at which a particular adverse effect will be produced. The model described can be used to compute the frequency or recurrence of storm runoff events that result in violations of water quality criteria or other effects levels. Data collected at highway sites throughout the US are used to evaluate the statistical properties of highway runoff flows and concentrations; regional values for precipitation and streamflow from standard monitoring programs are used to provide the other necessary input parameters.
Successful intraarterial recombinant tissue plasminogen activator therapy for acute embolic occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery

While there have been multiple reports of catheter-directed thrombolysis with streptokinase or urokinase for thromboembolic occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA), there has been only one previous report describing SMA thrombolysis using tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA). We present a case of acute embolic occlusion of the SMA initially diagnosed by CT and then successfully treated with selective infusion of rt-PA.
Racial and ethnic variations in the prevalence of orofacial clefts in California, 1983-1992.

To investigate variations in the prevalence of oral cleft anomalies according to parental race and ethnicity and maternal country of birth, the authors analyzed a cohort of 2,221,755 live births and fetal deaths delivered between 1983 and 1992 to residents of California. A total of 2,329 cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL +/- P) cases and 1,475 cleft palate alone (CP) cases were identified by the California Birth Defects Monitoring Program, a population-based registry. Compared to Whites, the prevalence of CL +/- P was lower among African Americans (prevalence ratio (PR) = 0.56, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.45-0.69), higher among Native Americans (PR = 1.81, CI = 1.20-2.69), and the same among the Japanese (PR = 1.07, CI = 0.62-1.82) and Chinese (PR = 0.96, CI = 0.71-1.29). The risk of CL +/- P was slightly lower among the offspring of foreign-born Chinese women relative to U.S.-born Chinese women (PR = 0.71, CI = 0.33-1.57), and slightly higher among foreign-born Filipinos relative to their U.S.-born counterparts (PR = 1.37, CI = 0.57-3.53), although confidence intervals around these risk estimates were wide owing to sparse data. For CP, lower prevalences were observed among African Americans (PR = 0.72, CI = 0.58-0.91) and Hispanics (PR = 0.77, CI = 0.67-0.87) than among Whites. The risk of CP was higher among foreign-born Filipinos compared to U.S.-born Filipinos (PR = 1.52, CI = 0.58-4.33), although the confidence interval around this estimate included unity. These prevalence variations may reflect differences in both environmental and genetic factors affecting clefting risk.
Sequential effects of response-opportunity duration

Rats were conditioned to respond on a schedule in which reinforcements became available every 2 min. After each reinforcement, the lever was retracted for either 40 or 80 sec and reintroduced so that the subject could respond during the final 80 or 40 sec, respectively. Response rates were the same regardless of the interval during which the subjects could respond, but they made more total responses when they could respond for 80 sec. The subjects also made more responses if they had been able to respond only during the final 40 sec of the preceding interval.
Prenatally-counseled congenital diaphragmatic hernia parents exhibit positive well-being before and after surgical repair

Abstract Background/Purpose The purpose of this paper was to examine the effect of prenatal counseling in the Advanced Fetal Care Center (AFCC) on the well-being of parents of infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). Methods From 2008 through 2012, 26 mothers and fathers of surgically repaired CDH patients who received prenatal counseling at our institution, and 15 who received no prenatal counseling, each completed the Short-Form 36 version 1 (SF-36v1) at the appropriate time points: prenatal, two weeks, and six months post-surgery. Results Parents in both groups did not differ by demographic characteristics. Patients who received prenatal counseling had significantly longer ventilatory time and length of stay (LOS) in the ICU and in the hospital compared to those who did not receive prenatal counseling (all P P =.24) were similar to those at six months post-surgery (47 vs. 47; P =.90). Conclusions When hospital LOS was controlled between groups stratified by AFCC counseling status, MCS scores were comparable prenatally and were sustained at six months post-surgery for both parents. These findings may reflect the support services parents received beginning in the prenatal period.
Effect of esophageal contraction on esophageal wall blood perfusion.

Myocardial blood flow occurs during the diastolic phase of the cardiac cycle, because myocardial contraction during the systolic phase impedes myocardial perfusion. Using laser Doppler perfusion te...
Rational design of carbon network cross-linked Si–SiC hollow nanosphere as anode of lithium-ion batteries

This study aims to realize controllable synthesis of Si-based nanostructures from common and easily accessible silica nanoparticles and to study their component/structure-dependent electrochemical performance as an anode of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). To this end, a controllable route based on deliberate design has been developed to prepare hollow Si-based nanospheres with tunable composition and crystal structure at the nanoscale. The synthesis process started with coating silica nanoparticles with a carbonaceous polymer with a controllable thickness followed by magnesiothermic reduction. An Si–SiC–C composite was finally produced with a unique hollow sphere structure featuring Si–SiC nanoparticles encapsulated by a cross-linked carbon film network. In addition to the scalability of the synthetic route, the resulting composite exhibits a number of advantageous properties, including excellent electrical conductivity, highly accessible surfaces, structural coherence, and a favorable structure for the formation of a stable solid-electrolyte interphase, which makes it attractive and promising for advanced anode materials of LIBs.
Gastrointestinal manifestations of AIDS in children.

The gastrointestinal manifestations of AIDS in children are related to opportunistic infections, lymphoproliferative disease, and cancer. The infections that affect the gastrointestinal tract at different sites also occur in patients without AIDS. However, in children with AIDS, the infections are more severe, often relapse, and are harder to eradicate. Candidiasis is the most common infection in the esophagus, but infections caused by herpes simplex virus and cytomegalovirus also are common. Radiologic findings include ulcerations, a cobblestone appearance, and disordered motility. Gastritis and enteritis are usually caused by cytomegalovirus. Lesions produced by this virus include ulcerations caused by ischemic necrosis as a result of vasculitis. Barium studies show increased nodularity and effacement of mucosa. Other organisms (typically found in all immunocompromised patients) include Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Campylobacter, Giardia, and Cryptosporidium. Colitis a...
The Behavioral Logic of Collective Action: Partisans Cooperate and Punish More Than Nonpartisans

Laboratory experiments indicate that many people willingly contribute to public goods and punish free riders at a personal cost. We hypothesize that these individuals, called strong reciprocators, allow political parties to overcome collective action problems, thereby allowing those organizations to compete for scarce resources and to produce public goods for like-minded individuals. Using a series of laboratory games, we examine whether partisans contribute to public goods and punish free riders at a greater rate than nonpartisans. The results show that partisans are more likely than nonpartisans to contribute to public goods and to engage in costly punishment. Given the broad theoretical literature on altruistic punishment and group selection as well as our own formal evolutionary model, we hypothesize that it is being a partisan that makes an individual more likely to be a strong reciprocator and not vice versa. Language: en
Bucket Brigades on In-Tree Assembly Networks

In a network of subassembly lines, balance becomes more difficult to achieve as it requires that all subassembly lines be synchronized to produce at the same rate. We show how to adapt the ‘‘bucket brigade’’ protocol of work-sharing so that balance emerges spontaneously. 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Distributed collaboration for engineering design: A review and reappraisal.

Collaborative manufacturing is aimed to increase the flexibility of design and production processes through multiple organizations pooling strengths on a product-by-product basis to create distributed collaborative corporations. These collaborations involve multidisciplinary, geographically dispersed teams of engineers who often communicate only through voice, video, or computer-mediated interfaces. Utilizing sociotechnical theory as a framework, this article reviews multiple sources of literature on collaboration and interprets them in light of the collaborative engineering design process. A conceptual model of distributed engineering collaboration based on a sociotechnical theory framework is proposed to understand how technology changes both the social interaction and the technical design process. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Kinetic isotope effect and biochemical characterization of form IA RubisCO from the marine cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus marinus MIT9313

In an effort to better understand the factors influencing carbon fixation by Prochlorococcus, and to elucidate the effects of these cyanobacteria on the ocean carbon cycle, the kinetic parameters and isotopic discrimination of form IA ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RubisCO) from Prochlorococcus marinus MIT 9313 were determined. The RubisCO genes (cbbL and cbbS) were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. Enzyme was purified via ammonium sulfate precipitation, and the optimum pH and temperature, as well as Michaelis–Menton constants, were determined radiometrically. The degree to which this RubisCO discriminates against 13CO2 during fixation was determined by the high-precision substrate depletion method. Purified enzyme had a pH optimum of 7.5, was most active between 20uC and 30uC, had a moderate Vmax (0.41 mmol min 21 mg protein 21 ), and had the highest KCO2 value (0.75 mmol L 21 ) for a form I RubisCO characterized to date. The e value, e 5 1,000[(k 12 /k 13 ) 2 1], for the enzyme was determined to be 24.0% (95% C.I. 5 22.2–25.6%), within the range observed for other form I RubisCOs. This e value is a critical baseline for interpreting the d13C values of marine environmental samples, particularly those collected from the open ocean, where P. marinus is responsible for a substantial fraction of carbon fixation.
Effects of density control and fertilization on growth and yield of young Douglas-fir plantations in the Pacific Northwest

To examine the effects of density control and fertilization on stand growth and yield of young Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) plantations, seven treatment regimes were applied in sixty-three 9-year-old plots from nine installations across western Washington and Oregon. Fertilizer was applied at the rate of 220 kg N·ha–1 (as urea) at stand establishment and every 4 years thereafter. Results after 12 years showed that widely spaced stands exhibited significantly larger quadratic mean diameter than did narrowly spaced stands. The densest stands initially had the greatest overall stand basal area and volume, but accumulation rate in the dense stands had been declining with time. After 12 years, the less dense stands had met or exceeded the basal area periodic annual increment of dense stands. Across all densities, the periodic annual increments of quadratic mean diameter, basal area, and volume in fertilized plots were significantly greater than in unfertilized plots following the first an...
“Napoleon Hat” Structure of Tetraatomic Molecules. A Combined Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Ab Initio Study of CAlSi2- and Its Neutral

We report a combined experimental and theoretical investigation of nonstoichiometric species, CAlSi2- and its neutral. Photoelectron spectra of CAlSi2- were measured at two photon energies; three major detachment features were observed with a broad ground-state transition. Ab initio calculations were performed on the CAlSi2- anion, which was found to have two low-lying isomers, a cis-Cs and a trans-C2v species, both with a “Napoleon Hat” type of structure. Electron detachment energies from the anions and spectroscopic properties for both the anions and neutrals were calculated. The cis isomer was found to be the ground state by comparing the theoretical results with the experimental measurements. Evidence of the trans isomer was inferred by comparing the theoretical detachment transitions to the experimental spectra. The neutral ground state, resulting from detaching an electron from the cis isomer, was found to undergo a significant geometry change from the “Napoleon Hat” structure to an “Eiffel Tower” s...
Effect of Pressure on Plasma‐Assisted Chemical Vapor. Deposition of Silicon Oxide(s)

In most chemical vapor deposition processes, the film growth rate increases with the concentrations of the reactant gases. However, in the plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition of silicon oxide films, the deposition rate decreases when the concentrations of silane and nitrous oxide are increased by enhancing the reactor pressure from 0.5 to 2 torr (66 to 270 Pa). The deposition rate and the plasma properties have been examined for various reactor pressures to seek an improved understanding of the deposition process. Photo emissions from the plasma were monitored to determine the species present in the plasma and to calculate electron energy and density. With the increase in pressure, both the electron temperature and density decreased, and, consequently, the concentration of active species decreased. Although the concentrations of both silane and nitrous oxide increased with total pressure, the deposition rate decreased. The results emphasize the crucial importance of electron energy and density to generate sufficient concentration of active species responsible for film growth.
Metabolic analysis of mouse brains that have compromised iron storage

Iron is a critical component of the CNS that must be tightly regulated; too little iron can result in energy insufficiency and too much iron can result in oxidative stress. The intracellular iron storage protein ferritin is central to the regulation of iron. In this study, we determined the neurochemical profile of brains of animals deficient in heavy-chain ferritin (H-ferritin) using high-resolution magic angle spin proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (HR-MAS 1H MRS). Spectra of 2 mm-thick coronal tissue punches (∼4 mg) were obtained using a CPMG pulse sequence on Bruker Avance 500 and quantified (nmol/mg tissue) using customized LCModel software (16 metabolites). In H-ferritin deficient mice, we found significant increases in striatal glutamate, hippocampal choline, and N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate in both the cortex and the hippocampus (t-test, p < 0.05). Neurochemical profiling with principal component analysis (PCA) revealed increased glutamate in the hippocampus, striatum, and ventral tegmental area (VTA) in H-ferritin deficient animals as compared to wild-type. While lactate was increased in the VTA of deficient animals, it was decreased in the striatum. Also, GABA was increased in both cortical and striatal regions of deficient mice. These changes reveal the importance of proper iron management for maintaining neurochemical balance and provide new evidence for region specific differences in neurochemical profiles as a result of compromised ability of neurons to store iron while overall iron status is normal. Because H-ferritin is predominantly expressed in neurons, the neurochemical profile is suggestive of neuronal iron deficiency and may have relevance to the functional consequences associated with brain iron deficiency.
An agent-based architecture for analyzing business processes of real-time enterprises

As the desire for business intelligence capabilities for e-business processes expands, existing workflow management systems and decision support systems are not able to provide continuous, real-time analytics for decision makers. Business intelligence requirements may appear to be different across the various industries, but the underlying requirements are similar nformation that is integrated, current, detailed, and immediately accessible. In this paper we introduce an agent-based architecture that supports a complete business intelligence process to sense, interpret, predict, automate and respond to business processes and aims to decrease the time it takes to make business decisions. In fact, there should be almost zero-latency between the cause and effect of a business decision. Our architecture enables analysis across corporate business processes notifies the business of auctionable recommendations or automatically triggers business operations, effectively closing the gap between business intelligence systems and business processes.
Gaseous cation chemistry and chain‐length effects in electron ionization and collision‐induced dissociation mass spectraof symmetric 1,n‐bis(9‐anthracenyl)alkanes

The behavior of the gaseous cations resulting from EI (30 and 70 eV) of the bichromophoric title compounds 1–5 (for n = 1–5, respectively) is examined by ion-trap mass spectrometry, including collision-induced dissociation (CID) with variation in collision energy. These results are compared with those from anthracene and 9-methylanthracene and with previously reported mass spectrometric results for 3 and dicarbazolylalkanes. Rather than using the kinetic method to obtain ion energetics where the fragmentation mechanism is clear, as commonly done, the method is used here with relative complementary-ion abundances from CID to test the proposed fragmentation mechanisms using B3LYP calculations of relative ionization energies and optimized geometries of ionic and neutral fragments. Hydrogen migrations are common, and skeletal rearrangements including formation of expanded, fused and spiro rings are proposed in several cases. Of the chain cleavages, α-homolysis giving C15H11+, likely as dibenzotropylium, is most important for each of 1–5 except 3, where β-cleavage to C16H13+ dominates with a proposed methyldibenzotropylium structure. α-Cleavage was important also in the dicarbazolylalkanes. A previous inference of a McLafferty rearrangement to explain C15H12+• from 3 is not supported by the present results. The fragmentation behavior of 1–5 depends strongly on n and implies significant interchromophoric interaction between anthracenyl groups. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Spread of Computer-Assisted Language Learning.

This paper argues that the vertical spread of computer-assisted language learning (CALL), i.e., a spread throughout language materials and curricula, makes it difficult to draw a clear distinction between CALL and other language materials. In view of the emphasis that teachers, researchers, and administrators have placed on evaluating CALL, I argue that some valuable lessons about materials evaluation can be drawn from reflection on issues in CALL evaluation. In particular, I discuss the opportunities for professionals to reconsider assumptions held about comparative research, draw upon research perspectives and methods from applied linguistics in materials evaluation, and include critical perspectives which examine the opportunities that materials offer language learners to engage in language and culture learning.
Effects of ventilation and catheter position on catheter movement on the tricuspid annulus during ablation in children.

Introduction There are little data on the effect of catheter position and mechanical ventilation on ablation catheter stability during electrophysiology study in children. We sought to determine the magnitude of catheter movement with mechanical ventilation, the effect of ventilation maneuvers on catheter movement, and to compare the degree of movement observed between the right lateral (RL) and right posteroseptal (RPS) regions. Methods From June 2012 to June 2013, patients ≤21 years of age undergoing ablation for supraventricular tachycardia with CARTO® 3 (Biosense Webster, Diamond Bar, CA, USA) were included. During mapping the ablation catheter was placed in the RPS and RL regions and the magnitude of catheter movement (mm) was measured using CARTO® 3. Measurements were made during routine ventilation and with a maximal inspiration maneuver between end-expiration (ENDEX) and peak-inspiration (PEAKINS). Results Twenty-one patients were included: 12 males (57%), age 13 ± 3 years, weight 55 ± 14 kg. Indications for ablation were: 10 Wolff-Parkinson-White, seven atrioventricular node re-entry tachycardia, four concealed accessory pathway. Mechanical ventilation was used in all cases. The magnitude of catheter movement was 3.6 ± 1.7 mm with routine ventilation and 6.2 ± 4.1 mm between ENDEX and PEAKINS (P ≤ 0.01). Catheter movement was greater in the RL compared to the RPS region with routine ventilation (RL 4.3 ± 1.6 vs RPS 3.0 ± 1.5; P < 0.01) and between ENDEX and PEAKINS (RL 8.3 ± 4.7 vs RPS 4.0 ± 1.7; P < 0.01). Conclusions Ventilation and catheter position both have significant impact on the degree of catheter movement during ablation. Movement was greatest in the RL position. This may partially explain the lower success rates of ablation in the RL region.
Metal-semiconductor contacts to n-ZnS 0.07 Se 0.93

A systematic study was conducted on electrical properties of metal-semiconductor contacts to n-ZnS0.07Se0.93 with metals of different metal work functions. A clear relation was found between the Schottky barrier height and the metal work function although the Schottky contact theory could not predict it accurately. Thermionic-emission was found to be the dominant current transport mechanism. A significant Schottky barrier height improvement was achieved by means of a cryogenic process technique for forming the Au/n-ZnS0.07Se0.93 contact. A thermal stability study was also conducted on Pd and Au/n-ZnS0.07Se0.93 contacts. Thermal annealing tests showed a stable electrical property up to T = 250°C for the Pd contact and T = 150°C for the Au contact, however, a dramatic degradation was observed after higher temperature annealing and this is attributed to the interaction between metals and ZnSSe after annealing as supported by Auger electron spectroscopy.
Alternative processing techniques and data improvement provided by single-sweep recording

The conventional procedure used to acquire Vibroseis® seismic reflection data is to sum in the field the contributions from several vibrator sources distributed over the source array. An alternative method of recording the data which provides more flexibility in the processing is to record the output from each pad position in the source array rather than summing in the field. Prewhitening these data before summing can improve the signal‐to‐noise (S/N) ratio. If cancellation of surface waves by a source array is not a requirement, then processing each sweep as a separate source point can result in increased lateral resolution. These procedures were applied to seismic data over a buried rift basin in the southeastern United States. The results demonstrate improvement in the S/N ratio and spatial resolution that enable better interpretation of the complex, internal geometry of the basin.
Preservation of right ventricular structure and function following transatrial-transpulmonary repair of tetralogy of Fallot

OBJECTIVES: Management strategy of patients with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)—including timing, as well as surgical technique—remains a controversial topic. We sought to analyse both early and late results of our consistent policy of non-neonatal transatrial/transpulmonary (TA/TP) repair of TOF over almost 14 years, in order to assess preservation or possible deterioration of right ventricular (RV) function. METHODS: All 245 consecutive patients with TOF, referred to our group for repair between September 1997 and December 2010, have been prospectively followed up. Their clinical and echocardiographic data were retrospectively analysed. All underwent complete TA/TP repair at a median age of 1.6 years (range 0.2 to 55.6 years). RESULTS: Follow-up (median 8.5 years, range 0.5 to 14.6 years) was 100% completed. There was no operative death. There were three early re-operations: one for residual right ventricular outflow tract obstruction (RVOTO), one for intractable arrhythmias and one for remote second ventricular septal defect (VSD). There were three non-cardiac-related late deaths. Actuarial survival at 14 years was 98.8% (242/245). Twenty five patients required late re-operation, including 23 patients (9.4%, 23/245) who had pulmonary valve replacement (PVR). All other patients remained asymptomatic at follow-up. Mean residual right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) pressure gradients have remained stable (6.8 ± 6.6 mmHg, 95% CI 5.9–7.6, early postoperatively, versus 7.6 ± 7.5 mmHg, 95% CI 6.6–8.6 at followup; P= 0.015). The mean qualitative grade of pulmonary valve insufficiency (PVI) increased (from 1.4 ± 0.9, 95% CI 1.3–1.5 at discharge to 2.1 ± 1.2, 95% CI 2–2.3 at follow-up; P < 0.001). Similarly, mean qualitative grade of tricuspid valve insufficiency (TVI) also increased (from 1 ± 0.7, 95% CI 0.9–1 at discharge to 1.5 ± 0.8, 95% CI 1.4–1.6 at follow-up; P < 0.001). However, RV function has remained normal in most patients. No significant arrhythmias have been noted. CONCLUSIONS: Our management strategy of non-neonatal TA/TP repair for all patients with TOF is associated with minimal early and late mortality and morbidity, relatively low re-operation rate, preserved RV function and excellent clinical outcomes at follow-up over almost 14 years. Since many patients demonstrated progressive increase in PVI and TVI, a much longer follow-up is necessary to determine the ultimate rates of late re-operation for pulmonary valve replacement (PVR).
NCAA March Madness: An Investigation of Gender Coverage in USA Today During the NCAA Basketball Tournaments

In today’s economic environment, the United States newspaper industry has realized a severe period of decline in terms of circulation and overall consumer interest (Sullivan-Getty, 2009). While several major newspapers ceased existence in 2008, the USA Today remained the most popular American newspaper with a daily circulation well over 2.2 million (Sutel, 2008). However, with recent changes in consumer travel, the newspaper is expected to lose its position as the top U.S. daily following a 17% drop in circulation from April to September (Vanacore, 2009). With this in mind, it is critical that the USA Today identifies business strategies that will allow it to increase its circulation in years to come. In particular, it is more important than ever that the newspaper is aware of the content being delivered to consumers to ensure that it is delivering a highly competitive product. Thus, the purpose of the study is to investigate the coverage during the men’s and women’s NCAA Basketball Championships to determine whether the newspaper is providing content to maximize its potential reach with sport consumers. The examination of past NCAA Basketball Championship media coverage, both men’s and women’s, has shown that the men’s tournament garners far more media coverage than the women’s tournament (Billings, Halone, & Denham, 2002; Blinde, Greendorfer, & Sankner; 1991; Hallmark & Armstrong, 1999; Messner, Duncan, and Jensen, 1993; Messner, Duncan, & Jensen, 1996). While several studies have examined the coverage from an equity standpoint (NCAA participation),
Postoperative Management after First-Stage Palliation

Survival and functional outcome of patients with HLHS have steadily continued to improve over the past 10-15 years. The majority of the mortality risk for patients undergoing staged reconstruction for HLHS occurs in the early postoperative period after Stage I palliation; early mortality in the current era has decreased to 10-15% or less at many centers [1, 2, 3]. Multiple factors have contributed to this progress, including developments in preoperative, operative, and postoperative management. The purpose of this chapter is to describe the approach to postoperative management currently employed at The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia after first-stage reconstruction for HLHS, which is based on a philosophy of optimizing effective systemic oxygen delivery and minimizing systemic oxygen consumption, anticipating common pathophysiologic occurrences, and decreasing the potential for iatrogenic complications.
Stereoselective interaction of pantoprazole with ABCG2. I. Drug accumulation in rat milk.

Active transport of drug into milk is a major concern in breastfeeding. Abcg2 plays a critical role in drug transfer into rat milk, which is consistent with evidence in humans. Although it is estimated that approximately half of all therapeutic agents are chiral, there have been few reports of stereoselective interactions with ABCG2. The purpose of this study was to investigate the interaction of pantoprazole (PAN) isomers with Abcg2 in in vitro and in vivo experiments. Pantoprazole isomer flux was characterized using Abcg2Madin-Darby canine kidney II (MDCKII) cells in Transwell plates. In a crossover design, Sprague-Dawley lactating rats were used to study PAN accumulation in milk after an intravenous infusion of pantoprazole mixture in the presence/absence of Abcg2 inhibitor [N-(4-[2-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6,7-dimethoxy-2-isoquinolinyl)ethyl]phenyl)-9,10-dihydro-5-methoxy-9-oxo-4-acridine carboxamide (GF120918)]. Samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography/liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results indicated that pantoprazole isomers were transported in an identical fashion in vector-MDCKII cell lines, whereas a significant difference in flux was observed in Abcg2-MDCKII cell line. The administration of GF120918 slightly increased the concentration of both isomers in serum, but no statistical difference was observed. However, the systemic clearance of ()PAN (0.57 0.1) was larger than ()PAN (0.44 0.12) (P 0.05). In conclusion, Abcg2, which is responsible for differential accumulation in milk, interacts stereoselectively with PAN isomers. Stereoselective transport of ABCG2 may have broader consequences in drug disposition.
Early-Warning Wireless Telemeter for Harsh-Environment Bearings

We demonstrate an early-warning wireless and high-temperature telemeter that continuously monitors the temperature of a roller bearing during operation. The telemeter detects imminent temperature-induced failure of the bearing four minutes before conventional thermocouple sensors respond to conditional changes, leaving ample time for appropriate actions to avoid complete failure. The telemeter includes a commercially available temperature-sensitive capacitor that operates up to 220deg C. In addition, the telemeter's natural frequency changes with capacitance, which in turn is dependant on temperature. Information transmission between the bearing and a monitoring station is accomplished with a matched interrogator driven by a sinusoidal signal at 2.27 MHz. The telemeter's natural frequency shifts by about 0.65 kHz/degC, which is measured as a change in voltage on the interrogator inductor.
Merits and Demerits of ‘Insider’ and ‘Outsider’ Perspectives in the Study of Religions

The gap between the insider and outsider visions of a religion has been a permanent topic of discussion in the last three decades, and interrelate the most important schools of thought within the Study of Religions. How contextualized and knowledgeable is an insider of a certain religion—whether he or she is a priest, a cleric, a proselyte, a faithful or a theologian—to depict the quintessence of that religious teaching, and the dogma, the ritual, and the institutional system that lies underneath without being considered a kind of spokesperson?
Multiple sclerosis and infections

The intersection between infections and multiple sclerosis (MS) is complex and bidirectional. Numerous infectious agents have been posited to play a role in the initiation of MS, while emerging evidence suggests a potential relationship between established MS and the gut microbiome. As both systemic and CNS infections are major complications of MS, the clinical manifestations and evolving epidemiology of these infections over the lifespan of the MS patient are examined in this review. Data from animal models and human studies are discussed.
Automatic drift cancellation of implanted bladder pressure sensor

Implanted pressure sensors suffer from long-term offset drift due to atmospheric changes, package moisture absorption, and patient factors such as posture, implant shift, and tissue overgrowth. Traditionally, wide dynamic range instrumentation is used to satisfy the full-scale and sensitivity requirements for a given application. Transmission of extra bits greatly increases the power draw of an implanted medical device, and simple AC-coupling cannot monitor static pressures. We present a mixed-signal offset cancellation loop to maximize the AC dynamic range of instrumentation circuitry. A digital implementation allows for designer control of the cancellation system time constant and was specifically designed for power-gated pressure sensors. Pressure offset is calculated by digital integration and a bipolar IDAC with coarse/fine tuning injects an offset-cancelling current into a standard piezoresistive MEMS pressure sensor. Test results showed a dynamic range increase of 2.9 bits using dynamic offset cancellation, for an effective sensing range of 11 bits using 8-bit instrumentation. The measured step response of the system showed an overall highpass response of 2.3–3.8 mHz. This approach is therefore relevant for bio-sensing of pressures in organs with a very slow physiologic response, e.g. the bladder.
Formation and properties of 3D metamaterial composites fabricated using nanometer scale laser lithography (Presentation Recording)

Metamaterials designed for the visible or near IR wavelengths require patterning on the nanometer scale. To achieve this, e-beam lithography is used, but it is extremely difficult and can only produce 2D structures. A new alternative technique to produce 2D and 3D structures involves laser fabrication using the Nanoscribe 3D laser lithography system. This is a direct laser writing technique which can form arbitrary 3D nanostructures on the nanometer scale and is based on multi-photon polymerization. We are creating 2D and 3D metamaterials via this technique, and subsequently conformally coating them using Atomic Layer Deposition of oxides and Ag. We will discuss the optical properties of these novel composite structures and their potential for dual resonant metamaterials.
Chapter 9 Development of Leaves in C 4 Plants: Anatomical Features That Support C 4 Metabolism

C4 metabolism is a metabolic cooperation between distinct sites for primary carbon assimilation and primary carbon reduction. In most C4 species, the cooperating sites are in specialized cell types – ­mesophyll and bundle sheath – organized around a dense pattern of leaf venation and joined by abundant plasmodesmata. There is much recent information on the formation of venation, plasmodesmata, and barriers to gas diffusion in leaves. Recent evidence suggests that the specialized patterns of these features in C4 leaves come from quantitative and spatial regulation of gene networks and protein interactions present in all higher plants. These networks and their regulatory points should emerge from the computational modeling of biological systems data from developing C4 and C3 leaves.
The Evolution of the Social Self: Multidimensionality of Social Identity Solves the Coordination Problems of a Society

This chapter discusses the function of social identity in facilitating cooperative group formation, and how the nature of that function changes with the structure of social organization. I propose that social identity facilitates assortment for successful coordination in large-scale societies, and that the multidimensional, context-dependent nature of social identity is crucial for successful coordination when individuals have to cooperate in different contexts. Furthermore, the structure of social identity is tied to the structure of society, so that as societies grow larger and more interconnected, the landscape of social identities grows more heterogeneous. This discussion bears directly on the need to articulate the dynamics of emergent, ephemeral groups as a major factor in human cultural evolution.
CHEMICAL AND ION BEAM ETCH STUDIES OF POLYCRYSTALLINE SILICON.

MS and MIS solar cell performance as a function of wet chemical etching history has been studied and correlated with lattice strain obtained from x-ray double-crystal diffraction technique and intragranular surface topography. Dry ion beam etching from a Kaufman ion source is found to damage the surface and radically alter the electrical barrier by introducing donor-like states in the damaged region.
Pathological and reproductive effects of intraperitoneal telemetry devices on female armadillos

I compared gross pathological effects for 2 methods of placing intraperitoneal telemetry devices in female armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus). Placing radio transmitters free in the peritoneal cavity resulted in ensheathment by the greater omentum without obvious detrimental effects. The use of retaining sutures required longer incision lengths and failed to hold the device in place in 2 cases. Retaining sutures also resulted in adhesions involving the gastrointestinal tract in 1 case and death following bowel entrapment in another. Two females successfully conceived while carrying free-floating devices and carried their pregnancies to term despite undergoing second surgeries