cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Self-Differentiation within Couples:

Sex differences and similarities among spouses on differentiation of self were evaluated for 108 heterosexual couples who completed the Differentiation of Self Inventory 2 of Skowron. Four scores on self-differentiation were assessed, emotional reactivity, emotion cutoff, “I” position, and fusion with others. Significant sex differences were found on all subscales. Women tended to express their state of emotionality by engaging with their partners via emotional reactivity, whereas men tended to express their state of emotionality by disengaging from their partners. Women scored lower on adherence to their convictions or beliefs than their spouses. Moreover, the results were not supportive of similarities of self-differentiation among spouses as posited by Bowen.
Physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for chronic inhalation of 2-butoxyethanol.

Abstract 2-Butoxyethanol (2BE) is used extensively in the production of cleaning agents and as a general solvent. It is primarily metabolized in the liver to 2-butoxyacetic acid (2BAA), which is excreted in urine. The objective of this study was to develop a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model describing the toxicokinetic behavior of 2BE and 2BAA in different species following repeated, long-term exposures. The PBPK model was first developed for short-term 2BE exposure to male rats. Allometric scaling was employed to estimate physiological and biochemical model parameters based on body weight. To accommodate differences in 2BE toxicokinetics in female rats, a higher V max for 2BE metabolism to 2BAA, higher plasma protein binding sites for 2BAA, and lower V max for 2BAA excretion through the kidney were incorporated into the model. For mice, a higher V max for 2BE metabolism to 2BAA for both sexes and higher plasma protein binding sites for 2BAA for female mice were also incorporated into the model. Subsequently, the model was expanded to simulate 2BE and 2BAA toxicokinetics for long-term, repeated exposures by incorporating time-dependent changes in model parameters. To reflect physiological/biochemical changes in animals during a chronic exposure, parameters for cardiac output, body composition, metabolic capacity, protein binding, or capacity of renal excretion were adjusted over time depending on species and sex. Sensitivity analysis was performed to better understand how sensitive model responses were to uncertainties in input parameters. The resulting PBPK model was used to simulate toxicokinetic data acquired during a 2-year inhalation toxicity and carcinogenicity study in male and female F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice.
Modification of the radiation response of mouse lung by actinomycin D: Dependence on interval between radiation and drug treatments

Abstract Actinomycin D (0.6 mg/kg, i.p.) enhances the radiation response of mouse lung. The degree of enhancement varies inversely with the interval between radiation and drug treatments. The kinetics of the loss of interaction of the drug with radiation damage is similar to that observed for ‘slow repair’ of radiation injury to the lung.
Some aspects of torque calculations in electrical machines

Torque calculations are performed using both the Maxwell stress and virtual work methods for an induction motor in a variety of studies. The dependence upon the mesh, Maxwell stress path taken, rotor angular position and time instant are each evaluated individually.
NOx Prediction in 3-D Turbulent Diffusion Flames by Using Implicit Multigrid Methods

Abstract Modeling of the nitric oxide formation in the turbulent nonpremtxed methane and syngas (CO/H2/N2) diffusion flame is studied using an implicit time-stepping and multigrid technique. The chemical kinetic model for both methane-air in a sudden-expansion combustor and syngas-air combustion in a laboratory combustor as well as in a gas turbine combustor is assumed to have 49 species and 229 finite-rate, reversible reaction steps. The standard k - e turbulence model and the algebraic correlation closure model are applied to close the time-averaged Navier-Stokes and species equations (Liao et al., 1995) respectively. The computation requires about 250 time steps to reduce the residual by 3 orders of magnitude for the 3-D turbulent methane-air diffusion flame case on a 34 × 18 × 18 grid, which shows convergence rate is much faster than conventional iterative methods. Computational results with detailed chemistry are exhibited and some of them are compared with experimental data. Qualitative agreement be...
Study of nuclear magnetic transitions by inelastic electron scattering

Abstract The energy spectrum of inelastically scattered electrons at 180° was measured for 41.5 MeV electrons from the Stanford Mark II Linear Accelerator for the following elements: 1D2, 3Li6, 3Li7, 7N14, 8O16, 9F19, 10Ne20, 11Na23, 12Mg, 13Al27, 15P31, 16S32, 18Ar40, 19K39, 20Ca40 and 83Bi209. Some of the elements investigated show clear evidence of excitation of nuclear levels. It is shown that these excitations are most likely due to magnetic dipole transitions. The experiment was performed under conditions in which the “long wave approximation” is approximately valid, so radiation widths were derived for the excited states. A comparison is made with the single particle model predictions. A systematic behaviour of some M1 transitions in light nuclei suggested recently by Kurath is supported by the data. The radiation tail was investigated in some detail and the large-angle bremsstrahlung formula of McCormick, Keiffer and Parzen was found to agree with the data for gas targets.
Values by Deliberation or Default

Teachers today are often reluctant to teach values. Some feel unprepared to do so, and some say straight out that they are uncomfortable imposing their values on students. Teachers in the latter category usually enforce rules, however, and they seem unaware that by doing so, they are teaching values by default. Similarly, teachers often comply with various practices (or movements), and sometimes even embrace them enthusiastically, without considering the underlying values that are implicitly promoted. It would be healthy for both teachers and students to discuss the values underlying various rules and practices, but here-after a brief prologue describing an experience with students-I'll concentrate on teachers. With either a reflective teacher from their own faculty or an outside leader, teachers might engage in a revealing exploration of rules and practices usually taken for granted.
Gravitational particle production in the formation of global monopoles

Abstract The changing spacetime metric associated with the formation of global monopoles in the early universe will create particles. The total energy in created particles is estimated; it will exceed the energy in monopoles (and hence may be dynamically important) if the monopole mass exceeds roughly 7×10 17GeV.
Characterization of the glow-peak fading properties of six common thermoluminescent materials.

Abstract The pre-irradiation and post-irradiation fading rates of the thermoluminescent glow peaks of six commonly used thermoluminescent dosimeters under controlled environmental conditions over approximately 30 d are examined. Glow peaks were fit to the first-order kinetics model using a computerized glow curve deconvolution program. Dosimeters studied were LiF:Mg,Ti, CaF 2 :Dy, CaF 2 :Tm, CaF 2 :Mn, LiF:Mg,Cu,P, and CaSO 4 :Dy. LiF:Mg,Ti and LiF:Mg,Cu,P experienced significant pre-irradiation fading. All types except CaF 2 :Mn experienced post-irradiation fading. Ratios of glow-peak areas were fit to exponential decay functions when possible.
MULTI-DIMENSIONAL PRODUCT DIFFERENTIATION AND PRICE COMPETITION

The authors present a framework for analyzi ng the design and pricingof differentiated products. Their approach has two nov el features. Individuals have Cobb-Douglas preferences over multidimensional pro duct characteristics. The distribution of Cobb-Douglas parameters across society is concave: this implies that there is general agreement about which characteri stic mix is most desirable. With these assumptions the authors demonstrate exist ence of a pure strategy price equilibrium for arbitrary pairs of products in two dimensions and also show how raising the dimensionality of the product space pr ovides an advantage to a late entrant in a price- regulated duopoly. Copyright 1986 by Royal Economic Society.
Faculty Development in Higher Education: Long-term Impact of a Summer Teaching and Learning Workshop

Past participants of the Associated Colleges of the South Summer Teaching and Learning Workshop were surveyed to determine long-term impact of this type of professional development experience. Results indicate a large majority of participants across rank and academic discipline continued to view the workshop as effective and valued feedback from the perspective of the learner. Females were more likely than males to report more awareness and thoughtfulness about their teaching since having attended the workshop and to report having tried new strategies and taken more risks in their teaching. This study supports the importance of an interdisciplinary forum for faculty development of teaching.
Parathyroid Hormone Stimulates Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase (ERK) Activity Through Two Independent Signal Transduction Pathways Role of ERK in Sodium-Phosphate Cotransport

Parathyroid hormone (PTH), a major physiologic regulator of proximal renal tubule cell sodium-phosphate cotransport, stimulates several signal transduction pathways including extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK). The physiologic role of PTH-stimulated ERK is unknown. The purpose of the present study was to identify signaling components involved in PTH-stimulated ERK activity and to determine the role of PTH-stimulated ERK activity in regulation of phosphate transport. PTH-stimulated ERK activity was measured in opossum kidney (OK) cell lysates as phosphorylation of myelin basic protein by an in vitro kinase assay. PTH stimulated a dose-dependent increase in ERK activity with a peak at 10(-7) M. The time course was biphasic with an early peak at 10 min and a later peak at 20 min. Pretreatment of OK cells with the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors genistein and herbimycin A or with the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI-3K) inhibitors wortmannin and LY294002 blocked the early and late peaks of PTH-stimulated ERK activity. Pretreatment with the protein kinase C inhibitor calphostin C blocked only the later phase of PTH-stimulated ERK. To determine the role of ERK in regulation of phosphate transport, PTH inhibition of phosphate uptake and PTH regulation of sodium-phosphate cotransporter (NaPi-4) expression were measured in OK cells pretreated with the MEK inhibitor PD098059. PD098059 significantly attenuated PTH inhibition of phosphate uptake but did not prevent PTH downregulation of NaPi-4. It is concluded that PTH stimulates ERK through two signal transduction pathways: an early pathway dependent on tyrosine kinase and PI-3K and a late pathway dependent on protein kinase C. PTH-stimulated ERK regulates phosphate transport by a mechanism other than downregulation of NaPi-4 expression.
Targeting fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) to treat pain and inflammation.

The endogenous cannabinoid N-arachidonoyl ethanolamine (anandamide; AEA) produces most of its pharmacological effects by binding and activating CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors within the CNS and periphery. However, the actions of AEA are short lived because of its rapid catabolism by fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH). Indeed, FAAH knockout mice as well as animals treated with FAAH inhibitors are severely impaired in their ability to hydrolyze AEA as well as a variety of noncannabinoid lipid signaling molecules and consequently possess greatly elevated levels of these endogenous ligands. In this mini review, we describe recent research that has investigated the functional consequences of inhibiting this enzyme in a wide range of animal models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain states. FAAH-compromised animals reliably display antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory phenotypes with a similar efficacy as direct-acting cannabinoid receptor agonists, such as Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the primary psychoactive constituent of Cannabis sativa. Importantly, FAAH blockade does not elicit any apparent psychomimetic effects associated with THC or produce reinforcing effects that are predictive of human drug abuse. The beneficial effects caused by FAAH blockade in these models are predominantly mediated through the activation of CB1 and/or CB2 receptors, though noncannabinoid mechanisms of actions can also play contributory or even primary roles. Collectively, the current body of scientific literature suggests that activating the endogenous cannabinoid system by targeting FAAH is a promising strategy to treat pain and inflammation but lacks untoward side effects typically associated with Cannabis sativa.
Movie House Etiquette Reform in Early-Twentieth-Century China

This article examines the changes in behavioral norms in modern China and argues that the promotion of good manners and civilities constituted an important part of China’s nation-building project. By focusing on the reform of movie theater etiquette in the first half of the twentieth century and situating it in the context of China’s struggle to combat colonialist and racist discourse about the country, the article sheds new light on the New Life Movement and other state-sponsored national campaigns that were aimed at disciplining the Chinese people to conduct themselves in ways compatible with Western norms.
Anwendungen der Katalyse mit N‐heterocyclischen Carbenen in Totalsynthesen

Katalytische Umwandlungen mit N-heterocyclischen Carbenen (NHCs) haben sich als effiziente Ansatze zum Aufbau komplexer Molekule erwiesen. Seit der Veroffentlichung von Stetter 1975 zur Totalsynthese von cis-Jasmon und Dihydrojasmon durch Carbenkatalyse hat sich die Anwendung von NHCs in der Totalsynthese, insbesondere in den letzten zehn Jahren, schnell verbreitet. Dieser Aufschwung ist zweifellos die Folge neuerer Entwicklungen bei NHC-katalysierten Reaktionen, einschlieslich der neuen Benzoin-, Stetter-, Homoenolat- und Aroylierungsprozesse. Die Umwandlungen ermoglichen ebenso typische wie auf Umpolung beruhende Bindungsbildungen und sind bereits als Schlusselschritte in mehreren neuen Totalsynthesen aufgetreten. Dieser Kurzaufsatz beschreibt diese neuen Arbeiten und zeigt die verstarkten Einsatzmoglichkeiten der Carbenkatalyse in der Totalsynthese auf.
Stimulatory effect of dietary lipid and cholestyramine on hepatic HMG CoA reductase

The diurnal cycle of hepatic HMG CoA reductase activity was studied under conditions of controlled feeding where the percentage of dietary lipid, alone or in combination with 2% cholestyramine, was varied. Cholestyramine caused an increase in HMG CoA reductase activity that began soon after feeding started and peaked 6 hr later. In contrast, a diet containing 20% corn oil was a much weaker inducer of the enzyme but caused a prolonged elevation that began late in the fasting part of the cycle. These patterns suggest two different mechanisms of action.
“Uncivilizing” the Social Justice Classroom: Civility and Emotion in Critical Thinking

Recently, I took a social justice course that revolved around the politics of race in education. As with many courses I have taken that are geared toward social justice, a prime course goal was to engage in a critical thought process about issues of racial oppression. All of the students in the course were in MA or PhD programs that emphasize equality in education and, as such, the course was designed with the assumption that students had prior introductory knowledge about racial oppression. In fact, many of the students had previously taken classes together regarding issues of race, class, gender, and sexuality and education. Students, in general, arrived to class excited to share a course where we knew so many of our peers and hoped that this class would provide great discussion. The class, however, took a turn for the worse when Claire, an older-white-female student, was unwilling to acknowledge how racism extended beyond individual, overtly racist acts. Claire was reluctant, ultimately, to understand how her white skin, not only her actions, made her complicit in racism.
Comparison of aging-related mortality among birds and mammals.

Abstract We use the Weibull model to characterize initial (extrinsic) mortality rates ( m 0 ) and rate of increase in mortality with age ( ω ) for natural and captive populations of birds and mammals. Weibull parameters can be estimated for small samples of ages at death by constructing survival curves and fitting the Weibull model by nonlinear least-squares regression. Both m 0 and ω decrease in captivity, on average, and ω bears a strong relationship to m 0 , as it does in nature, irrespective of body mass or differences between birds and mammals. Rate of aging is most closely related to brain size in birds and to rate of postnatal growth in mammals. It is not related to duration of embryonic development, body size independently of brain size, or genome size. We suggest that causes of extrinsic mortality in nature may be replaced in captivity by intrinsically controlled causes of mortality related to processes that regulate the rate of aging.
Why Does Turkey Seek European Union Membership? A Historical Institutional Approach

Abstract Notwithstanding the troubled past and uncertain future of its relations with the European Union (EU), Turkey persists in its bid for membership in the EU. What accounts for Turkey’s continuing pursuit of EU membership? We argue that the historical and institutional trend of modernization has locked Turkey into a pattern of domestic and foreign policies which is difficult, if not impossible, for current policymakers to break or reverse. As part of its modernization process, Turkey chose to follow a Western‐oriented foreign policy, which became entrenched during the Cold War era with increasing returns or positive feedback from its overall engagement with the West and Europe in particular. Hence, the policy choices of Turkish policymakers about the EU are constrained by historical and institutional factors.
The "spotted" locus maps to bovine chromosome 6 in a Hereford-Cross population.

The spotted locus is responsible for several phenotypically distinguishable pie-bald patterns in cattle including Hereford or white face (SH), lineback (SP), and recessive spotting (s), in addition to nonspotted (S+). In a backcross mapping population the S locus has been mapped by cytogenetic linkage to bovine chromosome 6, between microsatellite markers BM4528 and EL03. This region corresponds comparatively to a region on mouse chromosome 5 which houses several coat color mutations among which homology is possible with Hardy-Zuckerman 4 feline sarcoma viral oncogene homologue (Kit), patch (Ph), and rump white (Rw). Mutations at these loci resemble mutations at the bovine S locus in both phenotype and mode of inheritance. Data are presented which show genetic linkage between the bovine S locus and microsatellite markers on chromosome 6. Candidate genes for the bovine S locus are discussed.
Pathogenic Roles for Fungal Melanins

Melanins represent virulence factors for several pathogenic fungi; the number of examples is growing. Thus, albino mutants of several genera (in one case, mutated precisely in the melanizing enzyme) exhibit decreased virulence in mice. We consider the phenomenon in relation to known chemical properties of melanin, beginning with biosynthesis from ortho-hydroquinone precursors which, when oxidized enzymatically to quinones, polymerize spontaneously to melanin. It follows that melanizing intermediates are cross-linking reagents; melanization stabilizes the external cell wall against hydrolysis and is thought to determine semipermeability in the osmotic ram (the appressorium) of certain plant pathogens. Polymeric melanins undergo reversible oxidation-reduction reactions between cell wall-penetrating quinone and hydroquinone oxidation states and thus represent polymeric redox buffers; using strong oxidants, it is possible to titrate the melanin on living cells and thereby demonstrate protection conferred by melanin in several species. The amount of buffering per cell approximately neutralizes the amount of oxidant generated by a single macrophage. Moreover, the intermediate oxidation state, the semiquinone, is a very stable free radical and is thought to trap unpaired electrons. We have suggested that the oxidation state of external melanin may be regulated by external Fe(II). An independent hypothesis holds that in Cryptococcus neoformans, an important function of the melanizing enzyme (apart from melanization) is the oxidation of Fe(II) to Fe(III), thereby forestalling generation of the harmful hydroxyl radical from H2O2. Thus, problems in fungal pathogenesis have led to evolving hypotheses regarding melanin functioning.
13-year experience with percutaneous management of upper tract transitional cell carcinoma.

AbstractPurpose: We determined the immediate and long-term results of percutaneous management of upper trace transitional cell carcinoma in regard to rates of tumor recurrence and preservation of renal function.Materials and Methods: Since July 1985, 12 men and 5 women 50 to 86 years old (mean age 72.2) years old underwent percutaneous management of upper tract transitional cell carcinoma. Of the patients 12 (71%) had a solitary kidney and 1 was treated bilaterally. In 16 of the 18 treated renal units (89%) definitive percutaneous resection of the tumor was followed by 6 weekly percutaneous installations of bacillus Calmette-Guerin.Results: Complete resection was accomplished in 17 of the 18 renal units. Of the 18 renal units 15 (83.3%) had documented stage pTa lesions and 14 (77.8%) had grade 1/3 or 2/3 disease. Followup for all patients ranged from 1.7 to 75.5 months (mean 20.5). At the latest followup 11 patients (64.7%) are alive with no evidence of disease, and 6 (35.3%) died, 3 of whom (17.6%) had m...
A re-assessment of the effects of intracortical delivery of inosine on transmidline growth of corticospinal tract axons after unilateral lesions of the medullary pyramid.

This study was undertaken as part of the NIH “Facilities of Research Excellence-Spinal Cord Injury”, which supports independent replication of published studies. Here, we repeat an experiment reporting that intracortical delivery of inosine promoted trans-midline growth of corticospinal tract (CST) axons in the spinal cord after unilateral injury to the medullary pyramid. Rats received unilateral transections of the medullary pyramid and 1 day later, a cannula assembly was implanted into the sensorimotor cortex contralateral to the pyramidotomy to deliver either inosine or vehicle. The cannula assembly was attached to an osmotic minipump that was implanted sub-cutaneously. Seventeen or 18 days post-injury, the CST was traced by making multiple injections of miniruby-BDA into the sensorimotor cortex. Rats were killed for tract tracing 14 days after the BDA injections. Sections through the cervical spinal cord were stained for BDA and immunostained for GAP43 and GFAP. Our results revealed no evidence for enhanced growth of CST axons across the midline of the dorsal column in rats that received intracortical infusion of inosine. Possible reasons for the failure to replicate are discussed.
A Numerical Method for the Study of the Circulation of the World Ocean

A model is presented for studying ocean circulation problems taking into account the complicated outline and bottom topography of the World Ocean. To obtain an efficient scheme for the study of low-frequency, large-scale current systems, surface gravity-inertial waves are filtered out by the “rigid-lid” approximation. To resolve special features of the ocean circulation, such as the Equatorial Undercurrent, the numerical model allows for a variable spacing in either the zonal or meridional direction. The model is designed to be as consistent as possible with the continuous equations with respect to energy. It is demonstrated that no fictitious energy generation or decay is associated with the nonlinear terms in the finite difference form of the momentum equations. The energy generation by buoyancy forces for the numerical model is also designed in such a way that no energy “leak” occurs in the transformation from potential to kinetic energy.
A Murine Uterine Transcriptome, Responsive to Steroid Receptor Coactivator-2, Reveals Transcription Factor 23 as Essential for Decidualization of Human Endometrial Stromal Cells

ABSTRACT Recent data from human and mouse studies strongly support an indispensable role for steroid receptor coactivator-2 (SRC-2)—a member of the p160/SRC family of coregulators—in progesterone-dependent endometrial stromal cell decidualization, an essential cellular transformation process that regulates invasion of the developing embryo into the maternal compartment. To identify the key progesterone-induced transcriptional changes that are dependent on SRC-2 and required for endometrial decidualization, we performed comparative genome-wide transcriptional profiling of endometrial tissue RNA from ovariectomized SRC-2flox/flox (SRC-2f/f [control]) and PRcre/+/SRC-2flox/flox (SRC-2d/d [SRC-2-depleted]) mice, acutely treated with vehicle or progesterone. Although data mining revealed that only a small subset of the total progesterone-dependent transcriptional changes is dependent on SRC-2 (∼13%), key genes previously reported to mediate progesterone-driven endometrial stromal cell decidualization are prese...
Age-induced reprogramming of mast cell degranulation

Mast cell degranulation can initiate an acute inflammatory response and contribute to the progression of chronic diseases. Alteration in the cellular programs that determine the requirement for mast cell degranulation would therefore have the potential to dramatically impact disease severity. Mast cells are exposed to increased levels of PGE2 during inflammation. We show that although PGE2 does not trigger the degranulation of dermal mast cells of young animals, in older mice, PGE2 is a potent mast cell stimulator. Intradermal administration of PGE2 leads to an EP3 receptor-dependent degranulation of mast cells, with the number of degranulated cells approaching levels observed in IgE- and Ag-treated controls. Taken together, these studies suggest that the ability of PGE2 to initiate mast cell degranulation changes in the aging animal. Therefore, elevated PGE2 levels might provide an important pathway by which mast cells are engaged to participate in inflammatory responses in the elderly patient.
Three Ages of the Automobile The Cultural Logics of The Car

The automobile as an object of consumption, carrying meanings and identities, has evolved through three ages during the 20th century, each characterized by a peculiar cultural logic. In the age of class distinction, the car served as a status symbol of the sort theorized by Pierre Bourdieu. It marked out differences between classes, while simultaneously misrecognizing and legitimating their origins. In the age of mass individuality, the car was a reified consumer commodity, as postulated by the theory of the Frankfurt School. It served to obscure qualitative class differences underneath the illusion of mass individuality, in which consumers varied by the quantity of desired automotive traits they could afford. In the age of subcultural difference, the car expressed the different identities of lifestyle groups in a leveled and pluralized consumer culture, as theorized by postmodernism. The extension of the cultural logic of each of these automotive ages ultimately contradicted its configuration, and pushed...
Movement interference during action observation as emergent coordination

Previous research has demonstrated that when an actor coordinates with spatially incompatible movements of another individual that motor interference occurs—the rhythmic arm movements of the actor exhibit increased movement variability in the plane orthogonal (non-instructed) to the instructed plane of motion. Here we examine whether this motor contagion reflects not error but the spontaneous recruitment of additional task-specific movement degrees of freedom employed to withstand increasing task difficulty. Participants coordinated congruent and incongruent forearm movements with a confederate moving at a fast, moderate, and slow target frequency. Examining the variability in the non-instructed plane revealed oscillatory non-instructed plane movements that were coordinated with the instructed plane movements of the confederate. The results suggest motor interference during incongruent coordi
Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests for Diagnosis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae Oropharyngeal Infections

The optimal methods for the diagnosis of pharyngeal Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection are uncertain. The objective of this study was to define the performance of culture and nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) for the diagnosis of pharyngeal N. gonorrhoeae. In this cross-sectional study, males and females >15 years old who acknowledged performing fellatio or cunnilingus (in the previous 2 months) were recruited from three clinics (two human immunodeficiency virus clinics and one sexually transmitted diseases clinic) located in Birmingham, AL. The test performance of culture for N. gonorrhoeae, the Gen-Probe Aptima Combo 2 transcription-mediated amplification assay (TMA), the BD ProbeTec ET amplified DNA strand displacement assay (SDA), and the Roche Cobas Amplicor PCR was defined by using a rotating “gold standard” of any positive results by two or three of the three tests that excluded the test being evaluated. A total of 961 evaluable test sets were collected. On the basis of a rotating gold standard of positive results by two of three comparator tests, the sensitivity and the specificity were as follows: culture for N. gonorrhoeae, 50.0% and 99.4%, respectively; PCR, 80.3% and 73.0%, respectively; TMA, 83.6% and 98.6%, respectively; and SDA, 93.2% and 96.3%, respectively. On the basis of a rotating gold standard of positive results by three of three comparator tests, the sensitivity and specificity were as follows: culture for N. gonorrhoeae, 65.4% and 99.0%, respectively; PCR, 91.9% and 71.8%, respectively; TMA, 100% and 96.2%, respectively; and SDA, 97.1% and 94.2%, respectively. In conclusion, currently available NAATs are more sensitive than culture for the detection of pharyngeal gonorrhea in at-risk patients. PCR is substantially less specific than culture, TMA, or SDA and should not be used for the detection of pharyngeal gonorrhea.
Immigration Trends and Attitudes: Is the United Kingdom an Anomaly?

In recent years Europe as a whole has undergone a shift in immigration. Germany and France, for example, have received more immigrants than average, but yet have not experienced the same “invasion of immigrants” as has Italy (Transatlantic Trends, 2011). Meanwhile, though the United Kingdom has experienced an increase in immigrants, it has not received nearly the total numbers of immigrants seen in Germany or France, nor experienced the dramatic increase in immigrants as seen in Italy. Despite this, in the 2011 Transatlantic Trends Survey the United Kingdom showed a much more negative opinion towards immigration than did Italy, France, or Germany. This paper explores the level of unemployment, number of immigrants received, and type of immigration policy used as possible explanations for why attitudes towards immigration in the United Kingdom were more negative than in Italy, France, or Germany in 2011.
Case of the Quarter

VOLUME 5, NUMBER 3 Liver-spleen and bone scans were ordered to rule out breast metastases. The bone scan was performed and compared to the previous scan dated ten months before. Both were read as normal. The following day a four-view scintillation camera study of the liver and spleen was performed following the intravenous administration of 3 mCi of Tc-99m sulfur colloid (Fig. 1). When the 70-mm images were developed and mounted, a small area of increased radioactivity exhibiting a crescent shape was noted in the lower central portion of the anterior image (Fig. 2).
The Fugitive Disentitlement Doctrine and Immigration Proceedings

This article, "The Fugitive Disentitlement Doctrine and Immigration Proceedings," is the first significant article to assess the permissibility of the fugitive disentitlement doctrine's application in immigration proceedings. That doctrine permits the dismissal of an appeal, either administrative or judicial, where the noncitizen fails to report for a scheduled removal or otherwise fails to abide by a lawful order.The article reviews the general development of the fugitive disentitlement doctrine in the United States Supreme Court, before more narrowly focusing on how the doctrine has been applied by the Board of Immigration Appeals and the courts of appeals in immigration cases. This review establishes that the doctrine's application in immigration proceedings is a natural and permissible outgrowth of its broader development. The article concludes by attempting to distill guiding principles for how the doctrine should be applied in immigration cases so as to maximize respect for the courts and agencies while ensuring adequate access to these fora to noncitizens seeking to challenge their removal orders.
Facial expression transfer by using 3d-aware expression flow

We study the problem of transferring facial expressions from one face to another. Direct copying and blending face components using existing methods results in semantically unnatural composites, since expression is a global effect and a local face component in one expression is often incompatible with the shape and other components in another expression. To solve this problem we present the expression flow method, which is a 2D flow field that can warp the target face globally. We develop a shape fitting algorithm, which jointly constructs 3D face shapes to the input images with the same identity but different expressions. The expression flow is computed by projecting the difference between the two 3D shapes to 2D image plane. We apply our algorithms in several applications including face compositing, face morphing, video stitching, and facial expression exaggeration. Our system is able to generate faces with much higher fidelity than existing methods.
Some Relations of Intercollegiate and Intramural Athletícs

(1927). Some Relations of Intercollegiate and Intramural Athletics. American Physical Education Review: Vol. 32, No. 9, pp. 659-662.
Rearing Technique for the Granulate Cutworm and Some Effects of Temperature on Its Life Cycle

The granulate cutworm, Feltia subterranea (F.), is commonly found in the southern United States. It feeds on a wide variety of plants, and during the past several years it has been a major pest of peanuts in Alabama and Georgia.
CO2 Investigations: An Open Inquiry Experiment for General Chemistry

This paper presents a successful, free inquiry experiment in which students devise an experiment to measure carbon dioxide in an important chemical, biological, or environmental situation. Also discussed is rationale for adopting an open inquiry experiment and how it fits into the laboratory as a whole. Typical student projects are given, and data showing this experiment’s success are presented and discussed.
Inheritance and Allelic Analysis of Restoring Genes in Wild Abortion Type Rice

The natural seed rate percent and some morphological characteristics were used as indicator of plant fertility to conduct genetic analysis to the restoring genes of 10 restorer lines.The results showed that IR24,IR26,MH63,R527,XH207,Miyang46,R326,Yuehui9113,R402,Yanhui559,LH422,R228 and R838 all have two pairs of independent hereditary major dominant restoring gene;IR24,IR26,MH63,R527,XH207,Miyang46,Yuehui9113,R402,Yanhui559,LH422,and R228 have two pairs of allelic restoring gene;R326 was identified to have two pairs of non-allelic major restoring gene;R838 has one pair of non-allelic major restoring gene.According to the probability of strong restorer lines in the segregating population,the 16 restorer lines were evaluated,the results showed that XH207,Miyang46,R527,Minghui63,LH422 and R228 have strong restoring genetic transmission power,which are the good parents of restorer line.
Automatic Generation of Reversible C++ Code and Its Performance in a Scalable Kinetic Monte-Carlo Application

The fully automatic generation of code that establishes the reversibility of arbitrary C/C++ code has been a target of research and engineering for more than a decade as reverse computation has become a central notion in large scale parallel discrete event simulation (PDES). The simulation models that are implemented for PDES are of increasing complexity and size and require various language features to support abstraction, encapsulation, and composition when building a simulation model. In this paper we focus on parallel simulation models that are written in C++ and present an approach and an evaluation for a fully automatically generated reversible code for a kinetic Monte-Carlo application implemented in C++. Although a significant runtime overhead is introduced with our technique, the assurance that the reverse code is generated automatically and correctly, is an enormous win that allows simulation model developers to write forward event code using the entire C++ language, and have that code automatically transformed into reversible code to enable parallel execution with the Rensselaer's Optimistic Simulation System (ROSS).
World Spirometry Day: intention to test should be intention to treat.

The increasing frequency of chronic respiratory disease1 is the justification for World Spirometry Day (WSD), a global initiative organised by the Forum of International Respiratory Societies (FIRS). WSD originated from the experience of public spirometry events during Congresses of the European Respiratory Society, where free spirometry was offered to the general public with the aim of raising awareness about lung health and diseases. During the first WSD, on 14 October 2010,2 a total of 102 487 lung function tests were performed: 67% in Europe, 13% in South America, 8% in Australasia, 6% in North America, 5% in Asia, and 0.01% (12 tests) in Africa.3 The second WSD, on 27 June 2012, will be an opportunity to raise awareness about lung health, although its objectives need to be clarified. While spirometry is recommended for the diagnosis of airflow limitation in patients with respiratory symptoms, several professional societies recommend against using it in individuals without respiratory symptoms, as it involves substantial cost and may result in over-diagnosis due to false-positive results, unnecessary disease labelling, and inadequate use of medicine without clear benefit in reducing future risks of exacerbation and lung function decline.4 Further, providing individuals with their spirometry results was not found to independently improve smoking cessation or the likelihood of continued abstinence.4 WSD should therefore aim at raising awareness about lung health, but not at using spirometry screening among asymptomatic individuals. As screening without adequate follow-up care will yield no benefit, intention to test should be intention to treat. The contribution of WSD in improving the management of patients with chronic airflow limitation in resource-limited settings should also be clarified. Unfortunately, quality-assured essential medicine, such as inhaled corticosteroids and bronchodilators, for patients with airflow limitation may not be accessible or affordable in low- and middle-income countries.5 Even simple diagnostic tools such as peak flow meters are usually not available, let alone spirometers, and large numbers of patients in resource-limited settings repeatedly make unplanned health visits due to asthma attacks or exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the absence of long-term management and care. Intention to treat therefore demands a system-wide approach to address the needs of the vulnerable.
The Dream of a Culture Without Borders

Chapter 1, “The Dream of a Culture without Borders” argues that the role of human rights literature is to reflect the desire for university civility to a global citizenry. Writers begin to develop a culture without borders through their use of four literary modes: protest, testimony, lament, and laughter. These modes are formal means of articulating the sociopolitical emotions triggered wherever human rights crises occur. The book focuses on two of the modes: lament, the literature of mourning; and laughter, the literature of resilience. Adopting an approach known as affective formalism, the chapter surveys key methodological, institutional, theoretical, and operational challenges for this approach.
Difficulties Using Standardized Tests to Identify the Receptive Expressive Gap in Bilingual Children's Vocabularies.

Receptive standardized vocabulary scores have been found to be much higher than expressive standardized vocabulary scores in children with Spanish as L1, learning L2 (English) in school (Gibson et al., 2012). Here we present evidence suggesting the receptive-expressive gap may be harder to evaluate than previously thought. We compared the performance of 116 six-year-old Spanish–English bilingual children in the US to 30 monolingual Spanish-speaking peers in Mexico across two Spanish-language standardized picture naming tests and one standardized picture pointing test. The performance of 134 monolingual English-speaking peers was compared using similar English-language tests. Results revealed the presence and magnitude of a receptive-expressive gap was largely dependent on the tests used. These discrepant results likely exist because widely-used standardized tests do not offer comparable normed scores. We review possible test norming practices that may have contributed to these results and suggest guidelines to determine a meaningful receptive-expressive gap for bilingual children.
Enrichment of germline DNA-repair gene mutations in patients with colorectal cancer.

1500Background: Twin studies showed that 30% of all colorectal cancer (CRC) patients have an inherited genetic susceptibility. Several CRC predisposition genes have been described to date. However, mutations in these genes explain the risk in only 5-10% of CRC cases. In this study, we hypothesized that some of the CRC heritability may be explained by excess disruptive germline mutations in DNA repair genes (DRGs). Methods: Exome sequencing data of 716 in the discovery cohort (CanSeq and NHS/HPFS studies) and 1609 CRC patients in the validation cohort (TCGA and NSCCG studies) were used to evaluate germline variants in a pre-selected group of 42 DRGs and 12 known CRC risk genes. Frequencies of disruptive mutations in our cohorts were examined relative to 27173 non-Finnish European cancer-free adults from the ExAC cohort to evaluate for enrichment. Results: Of 716 patients in the discovery cohort, 27 (3.8%) patients harbored germline mutations in APC (n = 11), MSH6 (n = 2), MUTYH (n = 11), CHEK2 (n = 1) and ...
Increased malignancy incidence in IgE deficient patients not due to concomitant Common Variable Immunodeficiency

Abstract Background Immunoglobulin E (IgE) deficiency ( Objective To evaluate the clinical and laboratory differences between patients with IgE deficiency and those with non-IgE deficiency with and without CVID diagnosis. Methods This is a retrospective study of adult patients who had total serum IgE levels measured at our facility from 2010 through 2015. Patients with IgE levels lower than 2.5 kU/L composed the IgE deficiency group. We used Clinical Looking Glass software to identify laboratory results and comorbid conditions including CVID and malignancy. Results The IgE levels were measured in 2,339 patients and 63 (2.7%) had IgE deficiency. Of those with IgE deficiency, 14 of 63 (22%) had CVID diagnosis compared with only 62 of 2,276 patients (2.7%) with non-IgE deficiency and CVID. A significantly higher rate of prior malignancy was found in patients with IgE deficiency (21 of 63, 33%) compared with those with non-IgE deficiency (197 of 2,276, 8.7%; P = .001; odds ratio 5.51, 95% confidence interval 3.07–9.88). Six of 14 patients with CVID and IgE deficiency (43%) had a prior malignancy diagnosis compared with 8 of 62 patients (13%) with CVID and non-IgE deficiency ( P = .009; odds ratio 10.65, 95% confidence interval 1.79–63.19). In addition to the higher rate of malignancy, patients with CVID and IgE deficiency did not have more severe disease than those with CVID and non-IgE deficiency. Conclusion The rate of prior malignancy is significantly higher in patients with IgE deficiency than in those without IgE deficiency. Similarly, patients with CVID and IgE deficiency have a higher frequency of prior malignancy than those with CVID and non-IgE deficiency. However, patients with IgE deficiency have higher frequency of malignancy than patients with normal IgE levels even in the absence of CVID.
Process Improvement: Using Toyota's A3 Reports

[This abstract is based on the author’s abstract.] Toyota created A3 reports as a means of identifying and solving problems. These reports, printed on a single sheet of paper, are an effective tool because in addition to text, they contain pictures, dia..
Reducing Ischemic Injury From Indwelling Peripheral Arterial Catheters in a Pediatric Cardiac ICU: A Quality Improvement Initiative.

Objectives:To reduce the number of ischemic arterial catheter injuries in children with congenital or acquired heart disease.Design:This is a quality improvement study with pre- and postintervention groups.Setting:University-affiliated pediatric cardiac center in a quaternary care freestanding child
The Energetics and Magnitude of Hydrometeor Friction in Clouds

AbstractAs hydrometeors fall within or from a cloud, they reach a terminal velocity because of friction with the air through which they settle. This friction has previously been shown to result in ...
Understanding children’s reasoning in multiplication problem-solving

This article investigates two children’s intuitive thinking in solving multiplication problems from different educational backgrounds. One of the children is in a southern elementary school in the US. He was given the same problems both in first and second grades. The other child was a first grader in a southwest region of China, and she was given the same problems. The findings reveal a variety of intuitive thinking in solving the multiplication problems through addition beyond direct modeling and counting strategies. The authors also discussed how different educational backgrounds in early elementary mathematics education may affect children’s intuitive ideas and reasoning in solving multiplication problems. The study implies the importance of understanding children’s intuitive ideas of multiplication and highlights potential opportunities for developing children’s understanding of multiplicative thinking and algebraic thinking in earlier stages of arithmetic learning.