cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Coordinate control of growth and cytokeratin 13 expression by retinoic acid

Retinoic acid (RA) modulates the growth and differentiation of various normal and malignant cells. These effects are most likely mediated by changes in gene expression. Genes whose expression is modulated by RA may be useful as markers of growth responsiveness to retinoids. Using differential cDNA cloning we identified 10 genes regulated by RA in the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell line MDA886Ln. Keratin (K) 13 gene expression was the gene expression most related to the degree of sensitivity of growth to RA, as K13 was not expressed in a series of RA-resistant cell lines. Our data suggest that low K13 expression may be mechanistically related to resistance to RA-induced growth inhibition.
Some Ideological Foundations of Organizational Downsizing

This article explores the ideological foundations of organizational downsizing in the 1990s and focuses on the ideology of employee self-reliance and the ideology of debureaucratization. We document these two managerial ideologies by examining business press articles and popular management literature in which they are being promulgated. Based on past organizational research that has traced the effects of ideologies on organizations, we argue that these two ideologies increase the likelihood of downsizing. This theoretical framework is developed, and its implications for future research, management practice, and government policy are discussed.
Regional variation in hip fracture: is it due to increased milk consumption in the North, 50 years ago?

In Reply.— Dr Bierlein makes a good point that the decreased incidence of hip fracture in the North is striking, with historical milk and milk product consumption providing an attractive etiologic hypothesis. As we mentioned, however, good data with which to test this hypothesis are, to our knowledge, lacking. We have, however, been able to locate state-specific milk production data dating back to 1909. 1 These data show that of an estimated 7.5 million gallons of milk produced, 3.2 million gallons was produced in the East North Central and West North Central census divisions, and an additional 1.3 million gallons was produced in the Middle Atlantic states. The South Atlantic, East South Central, and West South Central combined to produce an estimated 1.5 million gallons of milk. While these data are suggestive, the association is tenuous at best. Data on milk production may not necessarily reflect milk consumption. For example,
Estrous behavior of free-ranging rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)

The sexual behavior of a group of free-ranging rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) was studied for 13 consecutive months in an attempt to determine whether or not sexual activity occurred year-round, and the importance of sexual attraction to rhesus monkey social organization.
The SV40 A gene product suppresses the adenovirus H5ts125 defect in DNA replication.

Abstract The adenovirus H5ts125 mutation is a temperature sensitive defect in the structural gene for a DNA-binding protein required for viral DNA replication. Infection of primary African green monkey kidney cells with SV40, followed by superinfection with H5ts125 at the nonpermissive temperature, permits the replication of adenovirus DNA even in the absence of detectable adenovirus DNA binding protein. The SV40 A gene product is required continuously for the replication of H5ts125 adenovirus DNA. The rate of adenovirus DNA replication in SV40 and H5ts125 doubly infected cells at nonpermissive temperature is about one-half that observed for either H5ts125 singly or SV40-H5ts125 doubly infected cells at the permissive temperature. H5ts125 progeny virus are also produced in the SV40-H5ts125-infected cells at the nonpermissive temperature but the yields are only 3% of those observed in doubly infected cells at the permissive temperature. The suppression of the H5ts125 phenotype by SV40 requires a prior infection of primary or secondary African green monkey kidney cells with a high multiplicity of SV40 (50–100 PFU/cell) and H5ts125 DNA replication is optimally observed between 10 and 15 hr after adenovirus superinfection. These observations suggest that the SV40 A gene product could be involved in the initiation of adenovirus DNA replication thereby bypassing the need for the adenovirus DNA-binding protein.
Bioinspired rice leaf and butterfly wing surface structures combining shark skin and lotus effects

Living nature is the inspiration for many innovations and continues to serve as an invaluable resource to solve technical challenges. We find that unique surface characteristics of rice leaves and butterfly wings combine the shark skin (anisotropic flow leading to low drag) and lotus (superhydrophobic and self-cleaning) effects, producing what we call here the rice and butterfly wing effect. A systematic study has been conducted with rice leaves and butterfly wings, using a combination of actual and replica samples. In order to mimic the rice and butterfly wing effect, replica rice leaf and shark skin samples received a superhydrophobic and low adhesion nanostructured coating. The data are compared to those of uncoated samples of fish scales and shark skin. Surface morphology characterization is conducted with SEM and optical profiler imaging using software analysis. Drag is determined with pressure drop measurements from replica lined rectangular duct flow channels (using water and air in laminar and turbulent regimes). The lotus effect is shown with self-cleaning, contact angle, and adhesion force measurements. Results are discussed and conceptual models shown describing the role of surface structures related to low drag, self-cleaning, and antifouling properties.
Sensor Service Selection through Switch Options

Service-oriented Architecture (SOA) for sensor network applications aims at providing composable sensor network services supporting functionality within a specific application domain together with tools for service composition, so more complex functionalities can be composed of component services. In a distributed environment, such a scheme works by having a given component service choose other components that provide the data that it needs to perform its service. In this paper, we propose to use real options theory for selecting component services. Real options are designed to reduce the risk associated with an investment by delaying the investment decision for a certain period of time or by allowing for the substitutions of initial investment. Thus, they enhance managerial flexibility and add to the overall value of a project but at the same time they incur certain costs. It is natural to think about activated services as investments, and we apply the switch options subset of the real options methodology to manage the risks of high cost that may result from the low reliability of sensors and sensor networks. Furthermore, we compare our approach with several service selection methods and show the advantage of the option-based methodology.
High-speed transformation of primitive data types in a heterogeneous distributed computer system

The performance of heterogeneous distributed computed systems is severely limited by the inability to transfer primitive data types between dissimilar processors because of the different representations used. The use of hardware transformation units is proposed to reduce the time required to transfer the data. The transformation units must know the source processor type, data type, and destination processor type and must be capable of performing all required transformations. Three location schemes for the transformation units are local, central, and distributed. The three schemes are compared for twelve factors, and performance models for each scheme are developed. >
Spontaneous neonatal thrombosis.

Neonatal thrombosis is associated with infection, inflammation, impaired liver function, congenital heart disease, inherited thrombophilia, and in particular the use of intravascular catheters [1–3...
Bacteremia, central catheters, and neonates: when to pull the line.

Objectives. Physicians who treat neonates who become bacteremic while dependent on central venous catheters face a serious and common dilemma. We sought 1) to evaluate the relationship between central venous catheter removal and outcome in bacteremic neonates, 2) to determine species of bacteria that are associated with an increased risk of infectious complications if the central catheter is not removed promptly, and 3) to provide evidence-based recommendations for central catheter management. Method. A retrospective cohort study of all neonates who had central venous access and developed bacteremia between July 1, 1995, and July 31, 1999, was conducted in the Duke University neonatal intensive care unit. Results. The outcome for patients in whom the central catheter was not removed within 24 hours of organism identification was significantly worse (odds ratio = 9.8) than it was for those whose catheters were removed promptly. For patients who were infected withStaphylococcus aureus or with nonenteric Gram-negative rods, delayed removal of the central catheter was associated with complicated bacteremia. Catheter sterilization was attempted in 27 neonates who were infected with enteric Gram-negative rods; only 10 of these infants retained their catheters without infection-related complications. Infants who had 4 consecutive blood cultures that were positive for coagulase-negative staphylococcus (CoNS) were at significantly increased risk for end-organ damage and death, compared with infants who had 3 or fewer positive blood culture for CoNS (odds ratio = 29.58). Conclusions. Bacteremic infants experienced fewer infection-related complications when the central catheter was removed promptly. One positive blood culture for Saureus or a Gram-negative rod warrants central line removal in a neonate. Clinicians who are faced with a neonate who has 1 positive culture for CoNS may attempt medical management without central catheter removal, but documentation of subsequent negative blood cultures is crucial. Once a neonate has 3 positive blood cultures for CoNS, the central catheter should be removed.central line, neonate, bacteremia, bacteria, umbilical catheter, Broviac, percutaneous.
MOTIVATING OPERATIONS AND TERMS TO DESCRIBE THEM: SOME FURTHER REFINEMENTS

Over the past decade, behavior analysts have increasingly used the term establishing operation (EO) to refer to environmental events that influence the behavioral effects of operant consequences. Nonetheless, some elements of current terminology regarding EOs may interfere with applied behavior analysts' efforts to predict, control, describe, and understand behavior. The present paper (a) describes how the current conceptualization of the EO is in need of revision, (b) suggests alternative terms, including the generic term motivating operation (MO), and (c) provides examples of MOs and their behavioral effects using articles from the applied behavior analysis literature.
Evaluation of the Natural Product Antifoulant, Zosteric Acid, for Preventing the Attachment of Quagga Mussels a Preliminary Study

The effectiveness of zosteric acid, a natural antifoulant from the marine seagrass Zostera marina, in preventing the attachment of quagga mussels, a biofouling bivalve, was investigated. Animals were exposed to water containing zosteric acid ranging from 0 to 1000 ppm, and their attachment to the container glass walls was tracked with time. 500 ppm zosteric acid was not effective at detaching animals that had already attached, but was able to prevent the attachment of most unattached animals for two days. The anti-fouling effect increased with higher concentration. Low concentrations (250 ppm and below) were not effective at preventing attachment; however, 1000 ppm zosteric acid prevented attachment of mussels for the first three days of zosteric acid exposure, and only 20% of the mussels were attached by day 4. In contrast, animals in control (no zosteric acid) solutions began to attach within one day. In conclusion, zosteric acid is an effective natural product deterrent of attachment of a biofouling bi...
260- to 350-Megacycle Converter Unit for General Electric Frequency-Modulation Station Monitor

The development of an ultra-high-frequency converter unit is described. This unit is used in conjunction with a General Electric frequency-modulation station monitor to measure the characteristics of frequency-modulation transmitters operating in the 260- to 350-megacycle frequency range. Particular emphasis is placed upon a discussion of the variable inductance-tuning elements which were developed for use in the ultra-high-frequency mixing stage of the converter unit.
Access to Power Versus Exercise of Power Reconceptualizing the Quality of Democracy in Latin America

Research on comparative democratization has recently expanded its focus to issues of institutional quality: clientelism, corruption, abuse of executive decree authority, and weak checks and balances. However, problems of institutional quality are so different from those involved in regime transitions that it is unproductive to treat them as part of the same macro-process, democratization. Whereas regime transitions are changes in the form of access to power, problems of institutional quality involve the exercise of power. Abuses in the exercise of power affecting institutional quality are best characterized not as indicators of authoritarianism and deficiencies in democratization but as reflecting—in Weberian terms—patrimonialism and failures in bureaucratization. Moreover, struggles over the exercise of power involve causes, mechanisms, and actors that can be quite distinct from those at play in conflicts over access to power. The proposed analytical framework centered on the distinction between access and exercise enhances conceptual clarity and provides a stronger theoretical basis for tackling fundamental questions about politics in Latin America, including the failure of democratization to curb clientelism and foster other improvements of institutional quality, and the prospects of democratic stability under patrimonial administrations.
Poly(dimethyl biphenylene)

Two methods were investigated for the preparation of poly(dimethyl biphenylene) in a search for polymers combining good solubility with sufficiently high chain extension to produce a lyotropic nematic phase. The Ullmann reaction was used to condense 4,4′-diiodo-3,3′-dimethyl biphenyl and the corresponding 2,2′-dimethyl derivative with copper, and 4,4′-dibromo-2,2′-dimethyl biphenyl was polymerized using the coupling reagent, bis(1,5-cyclooctadiene)nickel(0), developed by Semmelhack. The Ullmann polymers were completely soluble in CHCl3 but only partially soluble in toluene, whereas earlier work had indicated similar polymers of higher molecular weight to be completely soluble in toluene. All the polymers produced were of low molecular weight and no evidence of the nematic phase was found by polarized light microscopy for CHCl3 solutions over the concentration range 6.8–25% by weight.
Job Involvement and Locus of Control as Moderators of Role-Perception/Individual-Outcome Relationships

The present study examined the moderating influences of locus of control and job involvement on the relationships between role conflict, role ambiguity, and three individual outcomes: job satisfaction, job-related anxiety, and propensity to leave the organization. Ill supermarket department managers responded to a mailed questionnaire containing moderator, role perception, and outcome measures. Moderated multiple regression analyses failed to provide evidence of any significant (p < .05) moderating effects; however, job involvement by itself did add significantly to the prediction of propensity to leave. It was suggested that future research allow for nonlinear moderating influences.
Revealing the Hidden World of Research

Bringing the science of schooling into standard practice for students with learning disabilities (LD) is a threefold process that requires understanding the nature and features of high-quality instruction, encouraging their use, and developing and maintaining systems that can sustain them. Examples are drawn from the LD research base to illustrate each of these areas, with a focus on research in reading acquisition with young children at risk of LD and with older students with LD. These examples suggest a continued push for special education reading instruction through and past the elementary years. I conclude with recommendations for preparing teachers that take advantage of the knowledge gained from research-to-practice endeavors across the country.
An algorithm for identification of relations among rules

A representation of a rule-based system is proposed. It is used to define relations among rules. The relations defined are cause-effect, mutual exclusion, redundancy, conflict, subsumption, and implication. A relation between two rules is either complete, i.e. the relation holds for all instantiations of the rules, or partial, i.e. the relation holds only for some instantiations of the rules. An algorithm for detecting relations between a new rule (to be added to the rule base) and rules in the rule base is developed. The algorithm is applicable to any forward chaining rule-based system. Application of this algorithm during rule base modification would identify possible problems resulting from the modification. The algorithm is implemented on a MicroVAX computer using C language. Examples of its application to a rule-based system are shown. >
A fault tolerant FIR adaptive filter based on the FFT

Adaptive fault tolerance has been applied to adaptive filters to provide fault tolerance at low hardware cost. However, these filter structures have suffered from poor post-fault convergence characteristics. Also, the computational burden required by these filters has not been properly addressed. In this paper, a new fault tolerant FIR adaptive filter based on the FFT is introduced. This filter structure has superior convergence behavior over previously introduced structures, and since it is based on the FFT, it is efficient to compute, as well as conducive to an additional degree of fault tolerance capability. Computer simulations are given to demonstrate the robust performance of the new filter. >
Automating process discovery through event-data analysis

Many software process methods and tools presuppose the existence of a formal model of a process. Unfortunately, developing a formal model for an on-going, complex process can be dificult, costly, and error prone. This presents a practical barrier to the adoption of process technologies. The barrier would be lowered by automatmg the creation of formal models. We are currently exploring techniques that can use basic event data captured from an on-going process to generate a formal model of process behavior. We term this kind of data analysis process discovery. Thts paper descrbes and illustrates three methods with whzch we have been experimenting: algorithmic grammar inference, Markov models, and neural networks.
Significance of inducible ventricular flutter/fibrillation in risk stratification in patients with coronary artery disease.

Abstract Background : Although inducible ventricular fibrillation (VF) has been used as an indication for prophylactic implantation of cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), the significance of inducible VF remains controversial. Methods : Among 364 CAD patients who underwent electrophysiologic (EP) study for risk stratification, 23 patients, 12 without any history of VF or cardiac arrest (group A) and 11 with previously documented VF or cardiac arrest (group B), exhibited inducible ventricular flutter (VFL) or VF and subsequently underwent ICD implantation. Additionally, 11 CAD patients without previous VF or cardiac arrest, who had no inducible ventricular tachyarrhythmias but received an ICD, were included for comparison (group C). Results : During 2 years of follow-up, 1 (8%), 5 (45%), and 1 (9%) patients had appropriate ICD shocks in groups A, B, and C, respectively. The survival free from appropriate ICD shocks was significantly lower in group B compared to groups A and C ( p Conclusions : In CAD patients with inducible VFL/VF, patients without any history of VF or cardiac arrest had significantly lower incidence of appropriate ICD shocks when compared to those with such clinical events. Conversely, in CAD patients without any history of VF or cardiac arrest, incidence of appropriate ICD shocks was similar regardless of inducible VFL/VF. Inducible VFL/VF is therefore not useful as an indication for prophylactic ICD implantation in this patient population.
Income Level, Gender, Ethnicity, and Household Composition as Predictors of Children's School-based Competence

In the United States, being black, male, or growing up in a low-income and/or single-parent household have all been identified as risk factors for maladjustment during childhood. Interpretation of these findings is, however, often difficult because of the well-known associations among these variables. In the present study, we compared predictions of 3 different forms of children's competence from each of these 4 variables. In a sample of 868 black and white elementary school children from 2-parent and mother-headed 1-parent homes, we studied 3 aspects of school-based competence: conduct, peer relations, and academic achievement. Results showed that although the independent variables accounted for different amounts of variance in each domain of competence, income level and gender were better overall predictors of children's competence in conduct and peer relations than were ethnicity or household composition. Income level and ethnicity were better overall predictors of academic achievement than were gender or household composition, although each of the 4 variables made a significant contribution. Overall, income level and gender were thus the strongest predictors of children's competence. Black children were, however, more likely than white children to live in low-income homes. Our results thus highlighted some correlates of the unequal distribution of economic resources among black and white children growing up in the United States today.
Pyridoxine Deficiency and Ethanol-induced Liver Injury

It has been suggested that pyridoxine deficiency may potentiate ethanol-induced liver injury. Our purpose was to clarify the effect of pyridoxine deficiency on ethanol-associated liver injury by comparing liver histology, serum liver enzymes, and the viability of cultured hepatocytes from pyridoxine-deficient and pyridoxine-sufficient rats that had been chronically fed ethanol-enriched diets. Our data fail to substantiate that pyridoxine-deficient animals are more susceptible to the hepatotoxic effects of ethanol than pair-fed pyridoxine-sufficient controls. Furthermore, the addition of pyridoxine to hepatocyte cultures fails to prevent in vitro cytotoxicity of added ethanol. Pyridoxine deficiency may augment ethanol-induced enhancement of hepatic urea synthesis. These data suggest that pyridoxine deficiency may contribute to the abnormal plasma amino acid profiles and nitrogen balance of chronic alcoholics, but that it does not potentiate ethanol-induced liver injury.
Performance of Wi-Fi and bluetooth in mobile ad hoc networks

As wireless networks become more pervasive throughout society, developments focus on establishing full mobility. This research examines the performance of Wi-Fi and Bluetooth networks in situations where both communication nodes are in motion. Throughput-testing software ran on two computers in an ad-hoc network, while located in separate cars driving on the highway in various configurations. Initial results indicate that compared to stationary communication, motion at 80 km/h cut the data rate roughly in half when using the TCP protocol while decreasing packet transmission times. The data rate for UDP remained roughly the same, although much less consistent, while packet transmission times also decreased. Bluetooth connections could not be established while in motion, but once established while stationary, synchronized motion showed little effect on communication performance. Future research would explore alternative protocols and spectral bands, additionally incorporating more nodes to determine the impact of interference on such configurations.
Metastatic neuroblastoma cancer stem cells exhibit flexible plasticity and adaptive stemness signaling

High-risk neuroblastoma (HR-NB) presenting with hematogenous metastasis is one of the most difficult cancers to cure. Patient survival is poor. Aggressive tumors contain populations of rapidly proliferating clonogens that exhibit stem cell properties, cancer stem cells (CSCs). Conceptually, CSCs that evade intensive multimodal therapy dictate tumor progression, relapse/recurrence, and poor clinical outcomes. Herein, we investigated the plasticity and stem-cell related molecular response of aggressive metastatic neuroblastoma cells that fit the CSC model. Well-characterized clones of metastatic site-derived aggressive cells (MSDACs) from a manifold of metastatic tumors of clinically translatable HR-NB were characterized for their CSC fit by examining epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) (E-cadherin, N-Cadherin), survival (NFκB P65, p50, IκB and pIκB) and drug resistance (ABCG2) by immunoblotting; pluripotency maintenance (Nanog, SOX2) by immunofluorescence; and EMT and stemness related transcription of 93 genes by QPCR profiling. Plasticity of MSDACs under sequential alternation of culture conditions with serum and serum-free stem-cell conditions was assessed by clonal expansion (BrdU incorporation), tumorosphere formation (anchorage independent growth), EMT and stemness related transcriptome (QPCR profiling) and validated with MYC, SOX2, EGFR, NOTCH1 and CXCL2 immunoblotting. HR-NB MSDACs maintained in alternated culture conditions, serum-free stem cell medium to growth medium with serum and vice versa identified its flexible revocable plasticity characteristics. We observed signatures of stem cell-related molecular responses consistent with phenotypic conversions. Successive reintroduction to the favorable niche not only regained identical EMT, self-renewal capacity, pluripotency maintenance, and other stem cell-related signaling events, but also instigated additional events depicting aggressive adaptive plasticity. Together, these results demonstrated the flexible plasticity of HR-NB MSDACs that typically fit the CSC model, and further identified the intrinsic adaptiveness of the successive phenotype switching that clarifies the heterogeneity of HR-NB. Moreover, the continuous ongoing acquisition of stem cell-related molecular rearrangements may hold the key to the switch from favorable disease to HR-NB.
Using Response Models to Estimate Channel Capacity for Neuronal Classification of Stationary Visual Stimuli Using Temporal Coding

Both spike count and temporal modulation are known to carry information about which of a set of stimuli elicited a response; but how much information temporal modulation adds remains a subject of debate. This question usually is addressed by examining the results of a particular experiment that depend on the specific stimuli used. Developing a response model allows us to ask how much more information is carried by the best use of response strength and temporal modulation together (that is, the channel capacity using a code incorporating both) than by the best use of spike count alone (the channel capacity using the spike count code). This replaces dependence on a particular data set with dependence on the accuracy of the model. The model is constructed by finding statistical rules obeyed by all the observed responses and assuming that responses to stimuli not presented in our experiments obey the same rules. We assume that all responses within the observed dynamic range, even if not elicited by a stimulus in our experiment, could be elicited by some stimulus. The model used here is based on principal component analysis and includes both response strength and a coarse (+/-10 ms) representation of temporal modulation. Temporal modulation at finer time scales carries little information about the identity of stationary visual stimuli (although it may carry information about stimulus motion or change), and we present evidence that, given its variability, it should not be expected to do so. The model makes use of a linear relation between the logarithms of mean and variance of responses, similar to the widely seen relation between mean and variance of spike count. Responses are modeled using truncated Gaussian distributions. The amount of stimulus-related information carried by spike count in our data are 0.35 and 0.31 bits in primary visual and inferior temporal cortices, respectively, rising to 0.52 and 0.37 bits for the two-principal-component code. The response model estimates that the channel capacity is 1.1 and 1.4 bits, respectively, using the spike count only, rising to 2.0 and 2.2 bits using two principal components. Thus using this representation of temporal modulation is nearly equivalent to adding a second independent cell using the spike count code. This is much more than estimated using transmitted information but far less than would be expected if all degrees of freedom provided by the individual spike times carried independent information.
A Study of Convection Caused by Sample Acquisition in Solar System Geologic Formations

In order to accurately model thermal distributions created during coring or drilling into rock or soil formations on solar system bodies, the roles of heat transfer via convection need to be investigated. An understanding of thermal distributions is necessary in order to protect the scientific content of samples, as well as to prevent sublimation of any ice present in the formation. Sublimated water may deposit ice onto cooler areas of the bit, causing the bit to become permanently stuck in its borehole. Three primary sources of convection are discussed herein, namely, increased heat transfer caused by drill-generated heat convecting from the surface of the formation, the “propeller” action of a bit’s auger flutes drawing air into a permeable rock and out through the borehole, and pressure waves caused by any recoil of a percussive bit while sampling a permeable rock. An experiment was conducted to test the role of the rotating auger flutes in generating air currents. Surface convection was calculated to remove about 0.71% of heat generated by sample acquisition processes from the surface of a rock in fast wind gusts on Mars. The auger flutes were shown experimentally to be ineffective at driving convective currents because air flow in the borehole was found to be purely rotational with no axial component. At the borehole, even large bit recoils of 1.0 mm were calculated to drive flows of only 4.5 mm/s on Mars in permeable formations with large permeability of κ=1 0 ଵ଴ �m ଶ .
Feed Intake Response to the Dilution of High-Protein and High-Energy Diets Under Self-Selection Feeding

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to examine the temporal response of hens to the simultaneous dilution of high-protein (HP) and high-energy (HE) diets under self-selection feeding. In the initial experiment, the HE and HP diets consisted primarily of cornstarch and isolated soybean protein, respectively. In the second experiment, corn and soybean meal (49%) were used as the principal feed ingredients. The diluted diets consisted of a mixture of 80% of the HP and HE diets and 20% wood pulp. In both experiments, the hens initially consumed less of the diluted than of the nondiluted diets. After about 6 days, increased intakes of both the diluted HP and HE diets occurred. In the first experiment, compensation in protein and energy intakes in response to diet dilution resulted in intakes of these nutrients similar to those observed with the feeding of nondiluted diets. Compensations were similar in the second experiment, except that protein and caloric intakes remained below the levels obtained with the nondiluted diets. Differences in body weight and egg production between the birds fed the diluted and nondiluted diets were not significant in the first experiment. In the second experiment, the feeding of the diluted diets resulted in significant decreases in body weight and egg output. Irrespective of these differences, trends in the intakes of the diluted HP and HE diets were remarkably similar. It was concluded that the ability of chickens to balance protein intake was acquired in the same temporal framework as was the ability to balance caloric intake.
A Method for Determining Impurity-Host Force-Constant Ratios

One of the parameters of interest in studies on dilute alloys is the ratio of the effective host-host to impurity-host interaction. A method is presented which allows the evaluation of the effective impurity-host force-constant ratio, A′/A, for substitutional, isolated, impurity atoms in a cubic lattice by combining recoilless-fraction data (Mossbauer effect) of the impurity atoms with x-ray- or neutron-diffraction data of the host lattice. With this method, values of A′/A are obtained for dilute 57Fe impurities in various hosts.
Establishing a standard of care for neuromonitoring during spinal deformity surgery.

Study design Literature review. Objective This article presents a critical examination of standard of care (SOC) related to intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring during spine surgery. Definition of SOC and its applications in the surgical setting is accompanied by discussions on SOC for neuromonitoring, credentialing of neuromonitoring personnel, off-site remote monitoring, and unattended surgeon-controlled neuromonitoring devices. Methods A literature review of neuromonitoring and SOC over the past 10 years was performed. This information, in conjunction with the author's experience and evidence-based medicine, was used to formulate a framework for critique and discussion. Conclusion An appropriate SOC as it relates to neuromonitoring is difficult to devise because of national variance with regard to qualifications of neurophysiologic technical and professional personnel, different levels of training and certification, and anesthesia protocols. A unified group of surgeons working in collaboration with a multidisciplinary group of experienced doctoral level nonphysician and physician professional surgical neurophysiologists is needed to define a protocol for providing and interpreting such data. In addition to ensuring that only the most qualified and experienced personnel are delivering and/or interpreting neuromonitoring services, surgeons, hospital administrators, and insurance company medical directors need to understand the different service delivery models and their respective strengths and limitations with particular attention to the qualifications and competencies of all respective parties. Only then can a well-defined SOC be established, thus improving the treatment of surgical patients for whom neuromonitoring is required.
Viewing Global Megacities Through MODIS $4\hbox{-}\upmu \text{m}$ Radiance: Effects of Time of Year, Latitude, Land Cover, and View Zenith Angle

Cities are often obscured by haze and smoke when viewed in the visible and near infrared, but the longer wavelengths of the middle infrared can penetrate fine aerosol layers. We characterized variation in $4\hbox{-}\upmu \text{m}$ radiance in and nearby eight global megacities using MODIS band 23 calibrated radiance. The seasonality of middle infrared (MIR) radiance was more pronounced at higher latitudes. Precipitation attenuated MIR radiance. The seasonality of MIR radiance from exposed soils was very similar to urban surfaces, complicating discrimination. The variety of urban surfaces across the megacities also affected the seasonality of MIR radiance. Additional data and MIR radiance with higher spatial resolution could improve and refine/detail information about MIR radiance behavior for further investigation.
OBSERVATION OF CLINICAL SYMPTOM OF ACUTE TETRAMETHYLENE DISULPHOTETRAMINE POISONING AND EVALUATION OF THERAPEUTIC EFFECTS OF SODIUM DIMERCAPTOPROPANE SULFONATE ON THE POISONING

Objective:To observe clinical symptom of acute tetramethylene disulphotetramine(TETS) poisoning and to evaluate therapeutic effects of sodium dimercaptopropane sulfonate on TETS poisoning.Methods:55 patients of acute TETS poisoning were randomly divided into the control group and the sodium dimercaptopropane sulfonate group.The therapeutic effects were observed after the arranged treatment was administrated.Results:Central nerve system injury was the main symptom of acute TETS poisoning .The termination time of twitch,doses of diazepam,mental symptoms and the lasting time of mental symptoms weren't significant different between the two groups.Conclusion:Therapeutic effect of sodium dimercaptopropane sulfonate on acute TETS poisoning hasn't be found in the study.
Discussion on the risk factor of death in muggy syndrome

Objective To observe and analyze the risk factor of death and clinical characteristic in muggy syndrome.Methods 38 infants with muggy syndrome in our hospital emergency center were collected.Death group had 12 infants and survival group had 26 infants.Temperature,pediatric critical medical score(PCIS)and some other clinical manifestations in two groups was observed and counted respectively.Laboratory indexes including pH,Ca2+,Na+,glucose,lactate,albumin,plasma osmolality and brain natriuretic peptide of two groups was measured and analyzed respectively.Results The average temperature of death group was higher than that of survival group,PCIS of death group was lower than that of survival group(P0.05).Incidence rate of MODS,DIC and respiratory failure of survival group was lower than that of death group respectively(P0.05).pH,Ca2+and albumin detection value of death group was lower than that of survival group respectively(P0.05).Na+,glucose,lactate,plasma osmolality and brain natriuretic peptide value of death group was higher than that of survival group respectively(P0.05).Conclusion Children temperature,PCIS and other clinical manifestations and pH,Ca2+,Na+,glucose,lactate,albumin,plasma osmolality and brain natriuretic peptide are closely related to mortality of muggy syndrome.Close monitoring of relevant indicators in children can reduce mortality and improve the therapeutic effect.
Decision Method for Alternatives Combination in Service Product Design

The determination or selection of service product design alternatives is one of the most important issues in the region of service enterprise operational management.In this paper,the decision method of alternatives combination in service product design process is researched.Considering the directional compatibility between alternatives under different service elements,to maximize the degree of customer satisfaction and the degree of compatibility for service products as two objective,a multiple objectives optimal model of alternatives combination in service product design is constructed.The corresponding multiple objectives evolutionary algorithm is designed,according to the characteristics of the model,to obtain the optimal solution of service product design.Finally,a realistic example of mobile media service product is given to illustrate the feasibility and validity of the proposed method.
Pedagogy for Early Childhood Gifted Education

Federal attention is focused currently on investing and improving the quality of early childhood education, so that children’s potential and talent development can be used as a natural resource for...
Antidepressant use and risk of central nervous system metastasis

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), a class of antidepressants, were found to increase central nervous system (CNS) metastasis in mice. Our study investigated in humans whether antidepressants, and specifically SSRIs, increased the relative odds of CNS metastasis. We identified 189 cases of CNS metastasis amongst breast cancer, melanoma, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma subjects who were diagnosed with CNS metastasis or infiltration between January 1, 2005 and September 30, 2013 and 756 controls (patients without CNS metastasis or infiltration). Using logistic regression, we estimated the relative odds of CNS metastasis associated with antidepressant use adjusting for relevant covariates. The prevalence of antidepressants was 28.6 % in cases and 27.5 % in controls, whereas SSRIs were used in 16.9 % of cases and 17.3 % of controls. Among all patients, antidepressants were not associated with CNS metastasis or infiltration. No consistent patterns of association were observed in the analyses of other cancer subsets or exposure measures, with the possible exception of an increased risk of CNS metastasis associated with 'any SSRI use' among breast cancer patients (OR = 1.73, 95 % CI = 0.75, 4.04). We did not observe clear patterns of association, which may be due in part to the small sample size in many of our analyses.
Pneumonectomy for Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths and its incidence continues to increase. Emerging therapies as part of a multimodal approach are making more patients eligible for surgical resection. As more surgeons are treating locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer they find themselves recommending pneumonectomy as the surgical component of the multidisciplinary plan. Performing a pneumonectomy is technically demanding and is associated with many potential perioperative comorbidities. With the proper preparation, experience, and attention to perioperative care, pneumonectomy can be carried out safely with excellent outcomes and a good quality of life.
Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer and Lynch Syndrome

Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) is an autosomal dominant cancer disorder associated with a greatly increased risk of colorectal, uterine, and other cancers. Most cases of HNPCC are due to inherited mutations in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes and their encoded proteins which correct errors made during DNA replication. HNPCC associated with inherited MMR defects is also called Lynch syndrome. Additionally, sporadic cancers occurring in individuals without HNPCC may have diminished expression of MMR protein(s) due to epigenetic silencing. Defective MMR function leads to reduced fidelity of DNA synthesis and microsatellite instability (MSI), the accumulation of mutations in repetitive sequences of DNA called microsatellites. Testing for defective MMR can be done directly by immunohistochemical staining for MMR proteins or indirectly by PCR fragment analysis of microsatellites.
Hebraica Authority Control at Brandeis

Brandeis University Libraries has maintained separate authority files for all names written on title pages in Hebraic script-for personal, corporate, place, and conference headings. The files enable the cataloger to search in roman or Hebraic script. This paper reviews the history of the Hebraica authority files, their organization, changes in usage, adaptation to AACR2, and their reactivation when Hebrew script became available on RLIN. Current usage is examined in light of RLIN and the accommodation of nonroman scripts in the USMARC authorities format.
Obstructive sleep apnea risk and leukocyte telomere length in African Americans from the MH-GRID study.

Purpose Shorter telomere length and obstructive sleep apnea are associated with increased oxidative stress and chronic inflammation, which are both considered leading causes of age-related diseases. Different forms of sleep disordered breathing have been linked to telomere length although their relationship remains uncertain. The purpose of this study was to explore the associations between the risk of obstructive sleep apnea and telomere length in African Americans.
Structure and Transformation in Modern Intellectual History

This chapter introduces structuralism from several different angles. In the first section, the concept of structure (and in extension those of schema, pattern, gestalt, etc.) will be contrasted with that of function (and in extension those of activity, interaction, transformation, etc.). Such a comparison will not merely reconfirm the old dichotomy as introduced into psychology by James and Titchener, but will emphasize the mutual dependence of structure and functions. In this attempt I rely on Piaget’s interpretations and, thus, emphasize genetic aspects. Reference will also be given to recent trends in linguistics, especially to Chomsky’s transformational grammar.
Nursing home care trajectories for older adults following in-hospital palliative care consultation.

Abstract Palliative care consultation (PCC) during hospitalization is increasingly common for older adults with life-limiting illness discharged to nursing homes. The objective of this qualitative descriptive study was to describe the care trajectories and experiences of older adults admitted to a nursing home following a PCC during hospitalization. Twelve English-speaking adults, mean age 80 years, who received a hospital PCC and discharge to a nursing home without hospice. Data were collected from medical records at five time points from hospital discharge to 100 days after nursing home admission and care trajectories were mapped. Interviews (n = 15) with participants and surrogates were combined with each participant’s medical record data. Content analysis was employed on the combined dataset. All PCC referrals were for goals of care conversations during which the PCC team discussed poor prognosis. All participants were admitted to a nursing home under the Medicare skilled nursing facility benefit. Seven were rehospitalized; six of the 12 died within 6 weeks of initial nursing home admission. The two care trajectories were Focus on Rehabilitative Care and Comfort Care Continuity. There was a heavy emphasis on recovering functional status through rehabilitation and skilled nursing care, despite considerable symptom burden and poor prognosis. Regardless of PCC with recommendations for palliative interventions, frail older adults with limited life expectancy and their family caregivers often perceive that rehabilitation will improve physical function. This perception may contribute to inappropriate, ineffective care. More emphasis is needed to coordinate care between PCC recommendations and post-acute care.