cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Achievements of the Veterans Health Study.

THIS issue of the Journal of Ambulatory Care Management begins a 5-part series that will include 19 original papers from the Veterans’ Health Study (VHS). These papers complement over 25 articles from the VHS that have already appeared in the peerreviewed literature. It is common to hear that the major goals of health care are to extend life expectancy and improve quality of life. Yet, few studies actually measure quality of life and even fewer have enough quality of life data to make broad policy comparisons. The VHS uses patient-reported outcomes to evaluate the health status of veterans. Other studies report patient outcomes using popular methods such as the SF-36. However, the VHS is an important milestone for several reasons. First, unlike other efforts in which investigators have struggled to gain recognition for patient-reported outcomes,
Quantitative detection of PLGA nanoparticle degradation in tissues following intravenous administration.

The biodegradable polymer poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) has been extensively utilized and investigated as a drug delivery system. Although in vivo biodegradation (at specific administration sites only) of PLGA-based drug delivery constructs, such as foams and microparticles, has been studied, quantitative in vivo biodegradation of distributed polymer nanoparticles has not been accomplished and is quintessential for designing formulations to achieve desired pharmacokinetic properties of a drug in a target tissue. We determined the in vivo degradation kinetics of PLGA nanoparticles, of two sizes, distributed in liver, spleen, and lungs following intravenous administration. In addition, we simultaneously determined the amount of polymer in tissues. Nanoparticle degradation in vitro and in vivo appears to be a first-order process, and useful correlations were obtained between in vitro and in vivo tissue degradation of the nanoparticles. The ability to detect in vivo degradation and biodistribution of p...
Inhibition of bacterial translocation from the gastrointestinal tract to the mesenteric lymph nodes in specific pathogen-free mice but not gnotobiotic mice by non-specific macrophage activation.

Bacterial translocation is defined as the passage of viable indigenous bacteria from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract across the mucosal barrier to extraintestinal organs and sites such as the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), liver, spleen, kidney, and blood.1 In adult, specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice maintained under barrier conditions, indigenous bacteria are continuously translocating from the GI tract to the MLN and other sites, but the host immune defenses are able to kill these low numbers of “spontaneously” translocating bacteria and bacteria are not usually cultured from the MLN and other extraintestinal organs.1-3 Bacterial translocation from the GI tract is readily detected, however, when: (1) the host immune defenses are compromised, (2) the ecology of the indigenous GI microflora is disrupted to allow intestinal bacterial overgrowth, or (3) the mucosal barrier is physically disrupted4-11 If only one of these mechanisms promoting bacterial translocation is present in a particular animal model, the indigenous bacteria may translocate only to the MLN and not spread systemically. However, in animal models where more than one promotion mechanism is operating, the indigenous bacteria can spread systemically from the MLN to other organs and sites, and the animal may die of sepsis by its own indigenous GI microflora.
Analysis Survival Rate in Kaijiang County of 2 658 Cases With Pulmonary Tuberculosis in 1997 to 2006 Years

Objective Analysis survival rate in Kaijiang County of 2 658 cases with pulmonary tuberculosis in 1997 to 2006 years. Methods Accept the norms of chemotherapy in 2 658 cases with pulmonary tuberculosis survival data were calculated survival rate by used the life table. Results The mortality of pulmonary tuberculosis rate was 3.69%, the survival rate was observed in first, 3 and 5 years respectively (1)=0.993 5, (3)=0.987 8 and (5)= 0.981 2, from the diagnosis to the survival rates were observed for tenth years (10)=0.965 6. Conclusion Pulmonary tuberculosis patient survival rate with the observation time prolonging survival rate decreased year by year.
The Ampere proof in the general physics

Based on the current ways to prove the static magnetic field loop theorem,here we give some more applicable methods.
Impact of a Reengineered Electronic Error-Reporting System on Medication Event Reporting and Care Process Improvements at an Urban Medical Center

Article-at-a-Glance Background A study was conducted to evaluate the impact of a reengineered approach to electronic error reporting at a 719-bed multidisciplinary urban medical center. Methods The main outcome of interest was the monthly reported medication errors during the preimplementation (20 months) and postimplementation (26 months) phases. An interrupted time series analysis was used to describe baseline errors, immediate change following implementation of the current electronic error-reporting system (e-ERS), and trend of error reporting during postimplementation. Errors were categorized according to severity using the National Coordinating Council for Medication Error Reporting and Prevention (NCC MERP) Medication Error Index classifications. Reported errors were further analyzed by reporter and error site. Results During preimplementation, the monthly reported errors mean was 40.0 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 36.3–43.7). Immediately following e-ERS implementation, monthly reported errors significantly increased by 19.4 errors (95% CI: 8.4–30.5). The change in slope of reported errors trend was estimated at 0.76 (95% CI: 0.07–1.22). Near misses and no-patient-harm errors accounted for 90% of all errors, while errors that caused increased patient monitoring or temporary harm accounted for 9% and 1%, respectively. Nurses were the most frequent reporters, while physicians were more likely to report high-severity errors. Medical care units accounted for approximately half of all reported errors. Conclusion Following the intervention, there was a significant increase in reporting of prevented errors and errors that reached the patient with no resultant harm. This improvement in reporting was sustained for 26 months and has contributed to designing and implementing quality improvement initiatives to enhance the safety of the medication use process.
Assessing normal growth.

SUMMARY In summary, I have attempted to provide you with the tools of our trade and used several cases to demonstrate how some of these tools are useful. In the overwhelming majority of patients, the answers are found in the history and physical examination; laboratory testing provides confirmation and occasionally some reassurance.
Transrectal ultrasonography for staging tumors of the urinary bladder.

SUMMARY Transurethral ultrasonography appears to help the urologist stage transitional cell tumors of the bladder. On the basis of the depth of invasion, one can determine whether transurethral resection of tumors will be adequate or whether segmental resection or cystoprostatectomy is required. The adequacy of transurethral resection of tumors can be monitored by comparing the depth of resection with the initial ultrasound examination. Pelvic lymph nodes cannot be assessed by transurethral ultrasound, and therefore CT, MRI, or lymphangiography must be used as well. Currently, CT scanning is the preferred modality because it is noninvasive, simple, inexpensive, and widely available. Other pelvic disorders, including gynecologic disease and neoplasms of gastrointestinal, neural, or bony origin, also may be assessed by transurethral ultrasonography, although experience with its use for these purposes is limited.
Constipation and Fecal Incontinence

Severe chronic refractory constipation is a substantial health and emotional burden to affected children and their families. Chronic constipation with or without fecal incontinence may be secondary to a variety of conditions treated by pediatric surgeons, including anorectal malformations, Hirschsprung disease, and spinal cord problems. True fecal incontinence must be distinguished from overflow pseudoincontinence or encopresis. Understanding this major differentiation is key to determining the correct bowel management program. Manometric evaluation, both colonic and anorectal, can be helpful in the workup of children with constipation and guide therapy.
Hazardous waste policy, community movements and the politics of Nimby: participatory risk assessment in the USA and Canada

During the late 1970s and 1980s news reports of oil spills, nuclear disaster at Chernobyl, near-disasters at Three-Mile Island, pesticides in the food chain and DDT damage to wildlife have frightened people around the world (Piller, 1991). The result has been a widespread distrust of industry and a collective fear of all chemical-processing facilities. As the public has become increasingly aware of the extent to which chemicals now pollute the environment, the result has been a new anxiety often described as ‘chemophobia’. Polls show that citizens are more concerned about the presence of toxic wastes than any other environmental problem, even though the Environmental Protection Agency maintains that it is not the most severe health threat. Problems such as the ozone hole and the greenhouse effect are said to be much riskier. Such public fear is seen by many experts and commentators to be irrational.
Diffraction des rayons X et des électrons par les molécules. - VI. — Calcul des sections efficaces de diffusion inélastique,

Diverses approximations proposees pour la description de la diffusion inelastique des rayons X et des electrons sont discutees. Le traitement de la section efficace d’ionisation est plus particulierement pris en consideration. Un calcul exact pour l’atome d’hydrogene sert de base a cette discussion.
Extension and Folding of Nascent Peptides on Ribosomes

The ribosomal synthesis of a peptide bond takes place by transfer of the peptidyl ester of peptidyl-tRNA to the amino acid amino group of an incoming aminoacyl-tRNA. Attempts to isolate an acyl-ribosome intermediate of the kind found for many enzymecatalyzed hydrolyses or transpeptidation reactions have been unsuccessful. This has led many investigators to speculate that transpeptidation by the ribosome is brought about by an appropriate spatial orientation and alignment of the aminoacyl-tRNA and peptidyl-tRNA without the catalytic involvement of special nucleophilic groups of the large ribosomal subunit as discussed by Spirin (1986). The range of covalent derivatives other than peptides or amides that can be formed: esters (Fahnestock et al., 1970), thioesters (Gooch and Hawtrey, 1975), thioamides (Victorova et al., 1976), phosphinoamides (Tarussova et al., 1981) support this hypothesis with the implication that the peptidyl transferase reaction itself is of the SN2 type with nucleophilic substitutions through a tetrahedral intermediate. However, these considerations only serve to emphasize the importance of understanding how the 3’ ends of two tRNAs are brought precisely into reactive proximity to facilitate the reaction that by many measures is the most evolutionarily conserved and fundamental process of life, the reaction system by which genetic information encoded in nucleic acid is translated into protein.
Pharmacotherapy of aggression in children and adolescents: efficacy and effect size.

Introduction The treatment of pediatric aggression often involves psychotropic agents. Despite growing research on pediatric psychopharmacology, however, clinical issues regarding medication management of persistent behavioral problems remain poorly addressed.
Platelet-rich plasma enhances adipose-derived stem cell-mediated angiogenesis in a mouse ischemic hindlimb model.

Platelet-rich plasma enhances adipose-derived stem cell-mediated angiogenesis in a mouse ischemic hindlimb model
Early Diagnosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment Using Random Forest Feature Selection

Alzheimer‘s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease which is progressive and can be described by amyloid deposition, and neuronal atrophy. In this study, a support vector machine (SVM) approach with radial basis function (RBF) has been proposed in order to detect the Alzheimer's disease in its early stage using multiple modalities, including positron emission tomography (PET), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and standard neuropsychological test scores. A total number of 896 participants from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) were considered in this study. The proposed approach is able to classify cognitively normal control (CN) group from early mild cognitive impairment (EMCI) with an accuracy of 81.1%. In addition, the accuracy of 91.9% for CN vs. late mild cognitive impairment and accuracy of 96.2% for CN vs. AD classifications have been achieved through the proposed model.
A comparison of the geographic patterns of HIV prevalence and hurricane events in the United States.

Abstract Objectives Previous research has documented the adverse association between hurricanes and HIV health outcomes; however, no research has been conducted to examine whether there is spatial overlap between hurricane events and the epidemiology of HIV in the United States. The objectives of this study were to assess the geographic distributions of and spatial autocorrelation between HIV prevalence and the occurrences of hurricanes in the US. Study design This was a cross-sectional study. Methods Data on HIV prevalence rates were obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and data on US hurricane events were obtained from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. ArcGIS, version 10.6, was used for mapping HIV prevalence rates and occurrences of hurricane events, and GeoDa, version 1.12, was used to conduct all univariate and bivariate spatial autocorrelation analyses. Results HIV and hurricanes primarily affected states located in the south and along the Gulf Coast. Major hurricanes were reported among these regions also. States recording 20 or more hurricanes between 1851 and 2017 had an average HIV prevalence rate of 453.2 cases per 100,000 in 2016. States recording five or more major hurricanes between 1851 and 2017 had an average HIV prevalence rate of 421.8 cases per 100,000 in 2016. Regarding univariate spatial autocorrelation, HIV prevalence was clustered (Moran's I: 0.1913; pseudo P-value: 0.003). Hurricane events were also clustered (Moran's I: 0.2826; pseudo P-value: 0.004), as were major hurricanes (Moran's I: 0.1982; pseudo P-value: 0.009). There was statistically significant bivariate spatial autocorrelation between neither HIV and hurricanes nor HIV and major hurricanes. Conclusion The epidemiology of HIV prevalence and hurricane events has overlapping geographic patterns. This may have implications for hurricane readiness and recovery planning with respect to people living with HIV.
Leading-edge vortices over swept-back wings with varying sweep geometries

Micro air vehicles are used in a myriad of applications, such as transportation and surveying. Their performance can be improved through the study of wing designs and lift generation techniques including leading-edge vortices (LEVs). Observation of natural fliers, e.g. birds and bats, has shown that LEVs are a major contributor to lift during flapping flight, and the common swift (Apus apus) has been observed to generate LEVs during gliding flight. We hypothesize that nonlinear swept-back wings generate a vortex in the leading-edge region, which can augment the lift in a similar manner to linear swept-back wings (i.e. delta wing) during gliding flight. Particle image velocimetry experiments were performed in a water flume to compare flow over two wing geometries: one with a nonlinear sweep (swift-like wing) and one with a linear sweep (delta wing). Experiments were performed at three spanwise planes and three angles of attack at a chord-based Reynolds number of 26 000. Streamlines, vorticity, swirling strength, and Q-criterion were used to identify LEVs. The results show similar LEV characteristics for delta and swift-like wing geometries. These similarities suggest that sweep geometries other than a linear sweep (i.e. delta wing) are capable of creating LEVs during gliding flight.
Inpatient Communication Barriers and Drivers When Caring for Limited English Proficiency Children.

Background Achieving effective communication between medical providers and families with limited English proficiency (LEP) in the hospital is difficult. Objective Our objective was to identify barriers to and drivers of effective interpreter service use when caring for hospitalized LEP children from the perspectives of pediatric medical providers and interpreters. Design/participants/setting We used Group Level Assessment (GLA), a structured qualitative participatory method that allows participants to directly produce and analyze data in an interactive group session. Participants from a single academic children's hospital generated individual responses to prompts and identified themes and relevant action items. Themes were further consolidated by our research team and verified by stakeholder groups. Results Four GLA sessions were conducted including 64 participants: hospital medicine physicians and pediatric residents (56%), inpatient nursing staff (16%), and interpreter services staff (28%). Barriers identified included: (1) difficulties accessing interpreter services; (2) uncertainty in communication with LEP families; (3) unclear and inconsistent expectations and roles of team members; and (4) unmet family engagement expectations. Drivers of effective communication were: (1) utilizing a team-based approach between medical providers and interpreters; (2) understanding the role of cultural context in providing culturally effective care; (3) practicing empathy for patients and families; and (4) using effective family-centered communication strategies. Conclusions Participants identified unique barriers and drivers that impact communication with LEP patients and their families during hospitalization. Future directions include exploring the perspective of LEP families and utilizing team-based and family-centered communication strategies to standardize and improve communication practices.
The diagnostic expertise acceleration module (DEAM): promoting the formation of organized knowledge.

Background: Ensuring that learners acquire diagnostic competence in a timely fashion is critical to providing high quality and safe patient care. Resident trainees typically gain experience by unde...
Did Arkansas' Medicaid Patient-Centered Medical Home Program Have Spillover Effects on Commercially Insured Enrollees?

Patient-centered medical homes are increasingly being implemented by state Medicaid programs to incentivize high-quality, coordinated care and ultimately lower health care spending. This study exam...
Disadvantaged communities and drinking water: a case study of Los Angeles County

This paper discusses the challenges facing urban water systems in disadvantaged communities (DACs) using Los Angeles County as a case study area. We review issues of water contamination and rising water costs in the context of a highly fragmented and variable landscape of community water system sizes, types and available resources. A consideration of available state aid follows, including earmarks for disadvantaged communities, the criteria for qualifying as such, and the process of documenting disadvantaged status. We then present a useful data-driven technique for estimating the median incomes of community water system service areas. Examination of these case study results shows: (1) many local pockets of poverty cannot qualify as disadvantaged communities under current California laws and regulations; (2) extreme geographic concentrations of disadvantaged systems and class-based segregation call into question both the policy of agency consolidation and the presumptions of economies of scale on which it rests, and (3) Urban systems that are now potentially eligible for funds as DACs have far more difficulty than rural systems documenting their low median incomes due to complex and fragmented census geographies. We recommend applying our technique statewide to pre-qualify DAC water systems for state assistance, thus removing much uncertainty and risk for community water agencies considering applying for state funds.
Reuse Kernels or Activations?: A Flexible Dataflow for Low-latency Spectral CNN Acceleration

Spectral-domain CNNs have been shown to be more efficient than traditional spatial CNNs in terms of reducing computation complexity. However they come with a 'kernel explosion' problem that, even after compression (pruning), imposes a high memory burden and off-chip bandwidth requirement for kernel access. This creates a performance gap between the potential acceleration offered by compression and actual FPGA implementation performance, especially for low-latency CNN inference. In this paper, we develop a principled approach to overcoming this performance gap and designing a low-latency, low-bandwidth, spectral sparse CNN accelerator on FPGAs. First, we analyze the bandwidth-storage tradeoff of sparse convolutional layers and locate communication bottlenecks. We then develop a dataflow for flexibly optimizing data reuse in different layers to minimize off-chip communication. Finally, we propose a novel scheduling algorithm to optimally schedule the on-chip memory access of multiple sparse kernels and minimize read conflicts. On a state-of-the-art FPGA platform, our design reduces data transfers by 42% with DSP utilization up to 90% and achieves inference latency of 9 ms for VGG16, compared to the baseline state-of-the-art latency of 68 ms.
The gut microbiome and its potential role in paradoxical anaerobism in pupfishes of the Mojave Desert

Pupfishes frequently enter paradoxical anaerobism in response to endogenously produced or exogenously supplied ethanol in a dose-dependent manner. To decipher the role of the gut microbiota in ethanol-associated paradoxical anaerobism, gut microbial communities were depleted using a cocktail of antibiotics and profiled using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Compared to the control group (n = 12), microbiota-depleted fish (n = 12) spent more time in paradoxical anaerobism. Our analysis indicated that the bacterial phyla Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Patescibacteria, and Dependentiae dominated the pupfish gut, which is consistent with other fish gut microbiota. Although the gut microbial communities with and without antibiotic treatment were similarly diverse, they were distinct and the greatest contribution to the dissimilarity (27.38%) was the common fish commensal Cetobacterium. This study reports the first characterization of gut microbial communities of pupfish and suggests the microbiome may play a critical role in regulating metabolic strategies that are critical for survival in extremes of temperature and oxygen concentration. We speculate that Cetobacterium, a primary fermenter, also consumes ethanol through secondary fermentation via an alcohol dehydrogenase and therefore regulates the transition from paradoxical anaerobism to aerobic respiration in fish. Given the wide distribution and abundance of Cetobacterium in warm-water fishes, this process may be of broad importance, and suggests that the microbiome be carefully considered for both conservation and aquaculture.
Thrombospondin-1 Plays an Essential Role in Yes-Associated Protein Nuclear Translocation during the Early Phase of Trypanosoma cruzi Infection in Heart Endothelial Cells.

The protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi is the causative agent of Chagas disease. This neglected tropical disease causes severe morbidity and mortality in endemic regions. About 30% of T. cruzi infected individuals will present with cardiac complications. Invasive trypomastigotes released from infected cells can be carried in the vascular endothelial system to infect neighboring and distant cells. During the process of cellular infection, the parasite induces host cells, to increase the levels of host thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), to facilitate the process of infection. TSP-1 plays important roles in the functioning of vascular cells, including vascular endothelial cells with important implications in cardiovascular health. Many signal transduction pathways, including the yes-associated protein 1 (YAP)/transcriptional coactivator, with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) signaling, which are upstream of TSP-1, have been linked to the pathophysiology of heart damage. The molecular mechanisms by which T. cruzi signals, and eventually infects, heart endothelial cells remain unknown. To evaluate the importance of TSP-1 expression in heart endothelial cells during the process of T. cruzi infection, we exposed heart endothelial cells prepared from Wild Type and TSP-1 Knockout mouse to invasive T. cruzi trypomastigotes at multiple time points, and evaluated changes in the hippo signaling cascade using immunoblotting and immunofluorescence assays. We found that the parasite turned off the hippo signaling pathway in TSP-1KO heart endothelial cells. The levels of SAV1 and MOB1A increased to a maximum of 2.70 ± 0.23 and 5.74 ± 1.45-fold at 3 and 6 h, respectively, in TSP-1KO mouse heart endothelial cells (MHEC), compared to WT MHEC, following a parasite challenge. This was accompanied by a significant continuous increase in the nuclear translocation of downstream effector molecule YAP, to a maximum mean nuclear fluorescence intensity of 10.14 ± 0.40 at 6 h, compared to wild type cells. Furthermore, we found that increased nuclear translocated YAP significantly colocalized with the transcription co-activator molecule pan-TEAD, with a maximum Pearson’s correlation coefficient of 0.51 ± 0.06 at 6 h, compared to YAP-Pan-TEAD colocalization in the WT MHEC, which decreased significantly, with a minimum Pearson’s correlation coefficient of 0.30 ± 0.01 at 6 h. Our data indicate that, during the early phase of infection, upregulated TSP-1 is essential for the regulation of the hippo signaling pathway. These studies advance our understanding of the molecular interactions occurring between heart endothelial cells and T. cruzi, in the presence and absence of TSP-1, providing insights into processes linked to parasite dissemination and pathogenesis.
Overview of Ultrasound Detection Technologies for Photoacoustic Imaging

Ultrasound detection is one of the major components of photoacoustic imaging systems. Advancement in ultrasound transducer technology has a significant impact on the translation of photoacoustic imaging to the clinic. Here, we present an overview on various ultrasound transducer technologies including conventional piezoelectric and micromachined transducers, as well as optical ultrasound detection technology. We explain the core components of each technology, their working principle, and describe their manufacturing process. We then quantitatively compare their performance when they are used in the receive mode of a photoacoustic imaging system.
Preclinical discovery and development of abemaciclib used to treat breast cancer.

Introduction: Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitors have altered the standard-of-care treatment for patients with ER-positive, HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer. One such inhibitor, abe...
Dispositional Mindfulness and Acute Heat Pain: Comparing Stimulus-Evoked Pain With Summary Pain Assessment.

Objective Dispositional mindfulness is associated with reduced pain in clinical and experimental settings. However, researchers have neglected the type of pain assessment, as dispositional mindfulness may have unique benefits for reduced pain sensitivity when relying on summary pain assessments, in contrast to assessing the pain of each noxious stimulus. Here, we test the association between dispositional mindfulness and pain using both trial-by-trial pain assessments and overall summary ratings after acute pain tasks. Methods One hundred thirty-one healthy adult volunteers (mean age = 29.09 [8.00] years, 55.7% female) underwent two experimental thermal pain paradigms. We tested whether dispositional mindfulness measured with the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale was related to a) heat-evoked pain sensitivity, as measured by pain threshold, pain tolerance, average pain, trial-by-trial ratings, and heat-evoked skin conductance response, and b) summary judgments of sensory and affective pain assessed using the McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ). Results Mindful Attention Awareness Scale ratings were associated with decreased pain on the MPQ sensory (B = -0.18, SE = 0.05, 95% confidence interval = -0.29 to -0.07, t = -3.28, p = .001) and affective (B = -0.11, SE = 0.03, 95% confidence interval = -0.18 to -0.05, t = -3.32, p = .001) dimensions but not with experimental thermal pain assessments, including threshold, tolerance, heat-evoked pain, or skin conductance response (p values ≥ .29). Conclusions In this study, dispositional mindfulness mitigated acute thermal pain only when pain was assessed using the MPQ. These findings may reflect differences in immediate versus retrospective judgments or the type of pain assessed by each measure. Future research should examine regulation processes that may explain these differential analgesic benefits, such as attention, rumination, or reappraisal.
Oxygen magnetic polarization, nodes in spin density, and zigzag spin order in oxides

Recent studies on ${\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}{\mathrm{CoO}}_{4}$ (BCO) and ${\mathrm{SrRuO}}_{3}$ (SRO) have unveiled a variety of intriguing phenomena, such as magnetic polarization on oxygens, unexpected nodes in the spin density profile along bonds, and unusual zigzag spin patterns in triangular lattices. Here, using simple model calculations supplemented by density functional theory we explain the presence of nodes based on the antibonding character of the dominant singly occupied molecular orbitals along the transition metal (TM) to oxygen bonds. Our simple model also allows us to explain the net polarization on oxygen as originated from the hybridization between atoms and mobility of the electrons with spins opposite to those of the closest TM atoms. Our results are not limited to BCO and SRO, but they are generic and qualitatively predict the net polarization expected on any ligands, according to the spin order of the closest TM atoms and the number of intermediate ligand atoms. Finally, we propose that a robust easy-axis anisotropy would suppress the competing ${120}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$ antiferromagnetic order to stabilize the zigzag pattern order as ground state in a triangular lattice. Our generic predictions should be applicable to any other compound with characteristics similar to those of BCO and SRO.
EL PLAN BOUVARD Y LA CONSTRUCCION DE UNA IMAGEN DE CIUDAD. ROSARIO EN VISPERAS DEL CENTENARIO DE LA REVOLUCION DE MAYO

In the context created by the celebrations of the first Centenary of the May Revolution, the mayor of the City of Rosario, Isidro Quiroga, ordered to hire, at the request of the City Council, the city planner and french architect Joseph Antoine Bouvard to establish the guidelines planned urbanization plan The project, clear French connotation, is developed from a network of boulevards, diagonal and green spaces, taking into account all of the urban sector. The article discusses the web of relationships that were formed around him and that conditioned his future, determining that behind every urban intervention is an image of ideal city which intended build.
Super and Nonresponders to Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation: A Quality-of-Life Assessment Using Patient Reported Outcomes

Background - Atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation targets improvement in quality of life (QoL). Data is scarce on predictors of QoL improvement following ablation. We aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics underlying differential response in QoL after AF ablation (with or without arrhythmia recurrence). Methods - All patients undergoing AF ablation (2013-2016) at our center were prospectively enrolled in a fully automated patient-reported outcomes registry. A large number of variables were collected including AF symptom severity scale (AFSSS) and AF burden (as indicated by AF frequency and duration scores). Patients were divided into 3 groups based on self-report of QoL improvement: remarkable (super responders), mild/moderate, and unchanged or worse (non-responders). Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models assessed clinical characteristics and QoL outcomes. Results - A total of 956 patients were included (25% females, mean age 63.9). Most patients (~80%) were super responders (n=761), 138 (14.4%) had mild/moderate improvement, and 57 (5.9%) were non-responders. The strongest predictors of remarkable QoL improvement were freedom of arrhythmia recurrence (OR 2.42, 95% CI 1.27-4.59, p-value = 0.007), and lower AF burden at 12 months. Similarly, higher AF burden was significantly associated with clinical "non-response". In patients with observed clinical recurrence-QoL mismatch, changes in AF burden at 12 months were the main predictors of QoL outcome, with lower burden predicting higher improvement in QoL and vice versa. Conclusions - Most patients derive significant QoL benefit from AF ablation. Freedom from arrhythmia recurrence and lower AF burden predict remarkable QoL improvement following ablation.
Cerebral Blood Flow and Oxygen Consumption in Man during Electroencephalographic Seizure Patterns Associated with Ethrane Anesthesia

Abnormal electroencephalographic patterns occurred in some patients during clinical testing of a new general anesthetic, Ohio 347 (Ethrane; 2-chloro-l, l, 2-trifluoroethyl difluoromethyl ether). Despite these patterns, recovery from general anesthesia was prompt, and no mental or psychological sequelae were detected. In view of the other advantages of the agent, the decision was made to continue clinical testing and attempt to define the cerebral effects of the drug more quantitatively. With this in mind the following studies were undertaken.
Initial velocity studies of the reverse citrate cleavage reaction.

The coupling system of hexokinase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase was used for the initial velocity studies of rat liver citrate cleavage enzyme (EC 4.1.3.8) in the reverse direction. Since the equilibrium constant is concentration-dependent, only portions of the entire initial velocity array could be examined. The initial velocity studies showed that the reaction mechanism appears sequential. These data are consistent with the following four mechanisms: A, B, C, D ordered; D, C, B, Aordered; A and B ordered, C and D rapid equilibrium random; and D and C ordered, B and A rapid equilibrium random, in which A,B,C, and D are acetyl-CoA, MgADP, oxaloacetate, and phosphate, respectively. Apparent Michaelis constants are presented for the four substrates under various conditions.
Modeling and Characterization of The Mechanical Behavior of Nano-Sized Structural Elements

Summary form only given. Steady technological progresses in all fields of nanoscale technology and probe technology have enabled the synthesis, the assembly, the development, the characterization and the improvement of nanostructured materials. The lack of understanding of their macroscopic behavior is a major roadblock for inserting these materials into engineering applications. Partially due to these rapid advances in nanoscale and nano-structured materials, there has been a resurgence of interest in surface elastic properties such as surface energy, surface stresses, and surface elastic stiffness. Because of the large surface-to-volume ratio in nano-materials, surface elastic properties become more prominent. They have strong influence on the overall thermo-mechanical behavior of the nano-materials. In this paper, an innovative approach combining continuum mechanics and atomistic simulation is conducted to develop a nanomechanics theory for modeling and predicting the macroscopic behavior of nanomaterials. We first develop a framework to incorporate the surface free energy into the continuum mechanics theory. Based on this approach, it is shown that the effective elastic properties of nano-size particles (including nano-wires and nano-films) become size-dependent. Parallel to this methodology, we then introduce a semi-analytical method to calculate the surface elastic properties of groups 10-11 transition metals using the interatomic potentials directly without extensive atomistic simulations. In terms of engineering applications, this approach prove to be a useful tool for multi-scale modeling of heterogeneous materials with nanometer scale microstructures and provide insights on surface properties for several material systems; these are very useful in many fields including surface science, tribology, fracture mechanics, adhesion science and engineering, and more. This accelerates the insertion of nano-size structural elements, nano-composite and nanocrystalline materials into engineering applications
Comparison of the epidemiology and co-morbidities of heart failure in the pediatric and adult populations: a retrospective, cross-sectional study.

Heart failure is a clinical syndrome that is associated with a significant number of interventional procedures and has received a large amount of scrutiny in the adult literature; however, the epidemiology in children is less well described. We analyzed two large, commercially available inpatient datasets collected in 1997 by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality: the Kids' Inpatient Database and the National Inpatient Study, accounting for 50% of the U.S. pediatric discharges and 20% of the U.S. adult discharges in 1997. The database contained 5,610 children and 732,752 adults with a diagnosis of HF. When compared with the adult sample, the pediatric sample showed a higher proportion with cardiac procedures (61.4% vs. 0.28%, p < 0.01), a higher prevalence of congenital heart disease (61% versus 0.3%, p < 0.01), a higher percentage of male patients (50% pediatric vs. 44% adult, p < 0.01), and a lower percentage of white patients (40.9% vs. 65.6%, p < 0.01). Children had a significantly different spectrum of co-morbidities compared with adults. There was no difference in mortality rate between children and adults (7.5% vs. 7.9%, p = NS). There are significant differences in the epidemiological profile of children and adults with heart failure. Children suffer from different types of co-morbidities and require different procedures in the hospital setting. As such, children with heart failure who are hospitalized may require significantly different facilities, management and therapeutic intervention than adults with similar symptoms.
Playing Chicken at the WTO: Defending an Animal Welfare-Based Trade Restriction Under GATT's Moral Exception

The European Parliament recently adopted a proposal mandat­ ing higher welfare standards for chicken used in meat production, includ­ ing a provision that would regulate or prohibit the importation of chicken not produced with the same high standards. Final passage of such a law would likely raise a World Trade Organization (wrO) com­ plaint by a chicken-exporting nation. This Note argues that under wro precedent, a carefully crafted import ban could survive such a challenge by invoking the moral exception to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). In order to defend its regulation, however, the Eur(}­ pean Union must first attempt to negotiate a resolution with its trading parUlers, allow a flexible timeframe for nations to comply, provide excep­ tions for producers who abide by high standards, and mandate the same standards for both domestic and foreign producers. This Note argues that the European Union should follow these steps, and not back down from passing a much-needed law to improve animal welfare.
RFID in the retail supply chain: issues and opportunities

Introduction In June 2003, Wal-Mart asked its top 100 suppliers to begin using RFID tags on pallets and cases shipped to the Dallas, Texas region by January 2005. This announcement, coupled with initiatives by companies such as Metro, Tesco, and Albertson's, propelled the RFID industry forward. In the period since that announcement, companies have worked feverishly to understand and utilize RFID in their supply chain in order to meet retailers' requirements and, more importantly, create business value for themselves. Initial RFID implementations predominately affected only a small portion of the supply chain (from retailer distribution center to store backroom) and focused on tagging pallets and cases. Given this limited supply chain exposure, determining the payback and, ultimately, creating business value have proven challenging. Early research is, however, providing evidence that, even under the aforementioned restrictive conditions, RFID is yielding a positive return: (1) Gillette found that RFID makes a difference in the tracking and managing of promotions [1]; (2) MIT's work on electronic proof-of-delivery (ePOD) at the retail distribution center revealed a valuable use of RFID [2]; and (3) results from a Wal-Mart-supported University of Arkansas study suggested that RFID can help reduce out-of-stocks [3]. Given the limited scope – i.e. retailer distribution center and store; pallets and cases only – it is very encouraging that solid business cases have already been found. In reality, these preliminary uses of RFID in the supply chain are merely the tip of the proverbial iceberg.
Two new ApoB gene polymorphisms: Rs1 and Rs2.

2.0 kb fragment intestinal cDNA clone I(2)1 in pUC18 was isolated. It was located on 2p23-24 by in-situ hybridization. Co-dominant segregation was observed for Rs1 and Rs2.
Simple step gradient elution of the major high-energy compounds and their catabolites in cardiac muscle using high-performance liquid chromatography.

The majority of high-energy nucleotides and their catabolites are separated in a single 13-min run using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Economical step gradient elution of these compounds with a Nova Pak-A C18, 5-μm, 10 cm X 8 mm column accomplishes this separation with recoveries of 94–100% and sensitivities of 1–5 pmol. Furthermore, the total adenine nucleotide pool can now be quantitated precisely in a simple and easily automated procedure.
THE FOURTH DIMENSION OF GEOGRAPHY

ABSTRACT A participant observer notes the manner of entry of Geography into American universities. It was outlined and accepted as an earth science. Its content is concerned with time as well as place, time that is nonrecurrent, ongoing rather than cyclic. Digressions from this substantive orientation lead to nonproductive ends.
Selection Strategies for Binaural and Monaural Cochlear Implantation

Purpose We propose theoretical guidelines for cochlear implant selection criteria in adults and children that emphasize the contribution of each ear to the binaural advantage. The guidelines outlin...
Simultaneous knockdown of BRAF and expression of INK4A in melanoma cells leads to potent growth inhibition and apoptosis

Abnormal BRAF and p16INK4A co-exist in 60% of melanomas. BRAF mutation also occurs in 80% of benign nevi where it turns-on p16INK4A resulting in proliferative senescence; loss of p16INK4A removes the inhibitory block leading to melanoma development. Since only melanomas with wild-type BRAF have amplified CDK4 and cyclin D1 genes, p16INK4A-CDK4/6-cyclin D pathway is viewed as linearly downstream of BRAF. Thus, co-occurrence of aberrant BRAF and INK4A may be remnant of changes during melanoma formation without functional significance. To explore this notion, we simultaneously knocked down BRAF (via siRNA) and expressed INK4A cDNA in melanoma cells and observed enhanced growth inhibition. Notably, although each alone had no statistically significant effect on apoptosis, co-expression of BRAF siRNA and INK4A cDNA caused potent apoptosis, which was associated with up-regulation of BIM and down-regulation of BCL2. Our results suggest that aberrant BRAF and INK4A cooperate to promote proliferation and survival of melanoma cells.
The effect of X-radiation on the plastic deformation of ice

The results of tensile tests on ice single crystals performed with and without X-ray irradiation show that X-radiation does not measurably affect the creep deformation of ice. Therefore, the dislocation mobility and dislocation mechanisms observed by X-ray topography represent the intrinsic behaviour of ice.
In vitro models of human testicular germ-cell tumors

Murine teratocarcinoma models have been widely used in the study of several biological processes including early mammalian development and neoplasia. The relatively new human germ-cell tumor models have an important role in the study of human embryogenesis and neoplasia since human embryogenesis differs significantly from species such as mice and the histopathology of human testicular germ-cell tumors differs substantially from tumors obtained in highly inbred strains of mice. In this report we describe the use of human germ-cell lines in the study of cell differentiation; expression of early embryonic antigens; production of the major regulator of erythropoiesis, erythropoietin; and production of retrovirus-like particles.
IN BEHALF OF 'IN BEHALF OF THE FOOL'

Gaunilo's reply to Anselm's argument for the existence of God was a similar argument for the existence of the lost island, 'more excellent than all other countries' ([2] :1 1). Ansehn's God has done fairly well since that time; He has walked with Bonaventure and Descartes, with Leibniz and with Barth. Noteworthy among recent and not-quite-so-recent defenders of Anselm's argument are Alvin Plantinga ([8], [9]) and Charles Hartshorne ([5]). Gaunilo's island has not done so well; both Plantinga and Hartshorne reject the parody in no uncertain terms, and Hartshorne goes so far as to nominate Gaunilo as 'the most overrated thinker in history' ([5] :1 13). Anselm's presentation of the argument is couched in terms of 'greatness' and 'existence in the imagination', and the crucial premise which even the fool must grant is that God exists in the imagination. Gaunilo's parody rests on the similar premise that the lost island exists in the imagination. But Anselm's argument has not escaped attempts at improvement; Hartshorne replaces 'greatness' with 'perfection', Plantinga uses 'maximal greatness' and 'maximal excellence' defined in terms of omniscience, onmipotence, moral perfection and possible worlds, and both replace Anselm's 'existence in the imagination' with possible existence. 1 Thus in contemporary forlns of the argument the crucial premise is that it is possible that God exists (or possible that 'maximal greatness' is instantiated), and a similarly updated form of Gaunilo's parody would rely on the premise that it is possible that the lost island (suitably specified) exists. Hartshorne and Plantinga both use the strategy of denying the crucial premise of Gaunilo's parody while defending its analogue in the ontological argument; it is not possible that such an island exists, though it is possible that God does, or that maximal greatness is instantiated. Their reasons for apparent unanimity on this point, however, are different enough to call for individual scrutiny. In what follows I hope to show that both Hartshorne's and Plantinga's replies to Gaunilo are inadequate, and that contemporary forms of the ontological argument are as open to parody in the manner of Gaunilo as was Anselm's original. I will also say a few things about what it is that succesful parody really shows.