cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Liability for Punitive Damages under the American Carriage of Goods by Sea Act

In the remarkable case of Armada Supply, Inc. v. S/T Agios Nikolas (hereinafter Armada), Conner J. in the United States District Court, in construing section 1304(5) of the Carriage of Goods by Sea Act (COGSA), ruled that in appropriate circumstances, “COGSA does not prohibit an award of punitive damages.” In addition to compensatory damages of $4,130,900, the District Court therefore awarded the plaintiff punitive damages in the amount of $250,000 for which all defendants were held jointly and severally liable. In Armada, Armada Supply, Inc. (Armada), the owner and consignee of a cargo of fuel oil, brought an admiralty action against the charterers of the vessel, S/T Agios Nikolas, on which the cargo was shipped from Rio de Janeiro to New York City. The plaintiff sought compensatory and punitive damages, alleging that the defendants were responsible for shortage, contamination, and conversion of the cargo.The United States District Court ruled that the rights and liabilities of the parties to the suit were governed by COGSA, because the action involved a “contract for the carriage of goods by sea to or from ports of the United States, in Foreign trade.” Under COGSA, prima facie liability against the carrier would be established where the cargo owner proved that: (i) the cargo was delivered to the vessel in satisfactory condition; and (ii) when the vessel arrived at the agreed destination, there was a shortage in the cargo or it was damaged. Thus, appropriate proof of prima facie liability against the carrier would be achieved by adducing evidence of: (a) a clean bill of lading indicating the good condition of the cargo at the time of delivery to the vessel for loading, as well as the quantity of cargo delivered; and (b) a shortage in the cargo, or damage to it, when the vessel reached its destination. If prima facie liability against the carrier is established, the burden of proof is then shifted to the carrier to show either: (i) that its actual fault or neglect did not cause or contribute to the loss or damage sustained, or (ii) that it is exempted from liability altogether under COGSA. Based on the facts, Armada established prima facie liability against the defendants who were unable to rebut the evidence that the loss and/or damage was caused by their negligence or misconduct or prove that they were exempted from liability. Armada was therefore awarded compensatory damages amounting to $4,130,900.00.
‘Withered, Wrinkled, and Loathsome of Visage’: Reading the Ethics of the Soul and the Late-Victorian Gothic in The Picture of Dorian Gray

As a literary phenomenon, the Victorian gothic manifests itself in fin-de-siocle literature both as a subversive supernatural force and as a mechanism for social critique. Envisioning the world as a dark and spiritually turbulent tableau, the fictions of the late-Victorian gothic often depict the city of London as a corrupt urban landscape characterized by a brooding populace and by its horror-filled streets of terror. In The Three Impostors (1895), for instance, Arthur Machen offers a desolate, hyper-eroticized portrait of London and its invasion by a chemically altered degenerate race of pagan beings. In one of the more chilling portrayals of London’s citizenry, Marie Corelli’s The Sorrows of Satan (1896) narrates the Devils progress through the city’s ethically bankrupt environs as he searches for someone — indeed, anyone — with the moral strength to resist his temptations. He does not succeed. At the conclusion of The Sorrows of Satan, the Devil ascends the steps of Parliament, walking arm-in-arm with its acquiescent ministers. The characters in Richard Marsh’s The Beetle (1897) encounter a similarly troubled London cityscape. In the novel, a desperate and lonely Robert Holt wanders the city in search of lodging only to confront the supernatural insect, metaphor for London’s spiritual vacancy in the form of a giant beetle.
Public Choice and the Economics of Religion

This chapter provides some straightforward examples of how public choice economics, which may be thought of as the intersection of economics and political science, and some of the concepts from industrial organization provide an avenue for explaining decisions made by the hierarchy of the Catholic Church. In doing so, it provides a foundation for using these and other economics concepts to explain events surrounding the Salem witchcraft hysteria in 1692. The examples covered in this chapter include the Pope’s decree of 1966 relaxing the rules on fasting and abstinence from meat consumption, the Roman Catholic Church’s use, or lack thereof, of the Biblical doctrine of usury as a borrower and lender of funds, and the Roman Catholic Church’s doctrinal innovation represented by the creation of purgatory as a second chance for Catholics to prepare themselves for entry into Heaven.
Thermal analysis of near-isothermal compressed gas energy storage system

Abstract Due to the increasing generation capacity of intermittent renewable electricity sources and an electrical grid ill-equipped to handle the mismatch between electricity generation and use, the need for advanced energy storage technologies will continue to grow. Currently, pumped-storage hydroelectricity and compressed air energy storage are used for grid-scale energy storage, and batteries are used at smaller scales. However, prospects for expansion of these technologies suffer from geographic limitations (pumped-storage hydroelectricity and compressed air energy storage), low roundtrip efficiency (compressed air energy storage), and high cost (batteries). Furthermore, pumped-storage hydroelectricity and compressed air energy storage are challenging to scale-down, while batteries are challenging to scale-up. In 2015, a novel compressed gas energy storage prototype system was developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. In this paper, a near-isothermal modification to the system is proposed. In common with compressed air energy storage, the novel storage technology described in this paper is based on air compression/expansion. However, several novel features lead to near-isothermal processes, higher efficiency, greater system scalability, and the ability to site a system anywhere. The enabling features are utilization of hydraulic machines for expansion/compression, above-ground pressure vessels as the storage medium, spray cooling/heating, and waste-heat utilization. The base configuration of the novel storage system was introduced in a previous paper. This paper describes the results obtained from a transient, analytical, physics-based thermodynamic system model used for the system design and evaluation of three design configurations (including base configuration). The system model captures real gas effects and all loss mechanisms. The model demonstrates an energy storage roundtrip efficiency of 82% and energy density of 3.59 MJ/m3. Experimental evaluation of system performance and detailed cost-analysis will be presented in future publications.
Concurrent Dual-Band Digital Predistortion Using 2-D Lookup Tables With Bilinear Interpolation and Extrapolation: Direct Least Squares Coefficient Adaptation

In this paper, we present a method to implement concurrent dual-band digital predistortion (DPD) models using 2-D lookup tables (LUTs) with bilinear interpolation and extrapolation. We introduce the required set of basis functions to describe this model. The DPD output is expressed as a linear combination of these basis functions and we show how to directly estimate the coefficients using least squares. We introduce a flexible 2-D bilinear extrapolation scheme that is ideally suited to dual-band signals with high peak-to-average power ratio. We show how these are needed when digital predistortion is implemented in conjunction with automatic gain control. We also introduce example dual-band polynomial models with memory and show how to create a similar memory model based on 2-D lookup tables with bilinear interpolation. One such model is the dual-band generalized memory polynomial model. Laboratory experiments are performed using such a 2-D LUT with bilinear interpolation model.
Reaction Parameters Influencing Cobalt Hydride Formation Kinetics: Implications for Benchmarking H2-Evolution Catalysts

The need for benchmarking hydrogen evolution catalysts has increasingly been recognized. The influence of acid choice on activity is often reduced to the overpotential for catalysis. Through the study of a stable cobalt hydride complex, we demonstrate the influence of acid choice, beyond pKa, on the kinetics of hydride formation. A linear free energy relationship between acid pKa and second-order rate constants is observed for weaker acids. For stronger acids, however, further increases in pKa do not correlate to increases in rate constants. Further, steric bulk around the acidic proton is shown to influence rate constants dramatically. Together, these observations reveal the complex factors dictating catalyst performance.
Point-of-Care Ultrasound Diagnosis of Posterior Sternoclavicular Joint Dislocation

Abstract Background Posterior sternoclavicular dislocations can be challenging diagnostically, as traumatic force often happens to the lateral shoulder rather than directly to the sternoclavicular joint. Shoulder radiographs do not illustrate the sternoclavicular joint well, and can miss the diagnosis. This injury, however, has the potential for life-threatening complications due to proximity of mediastinal structures that might also be injured. Case Report The following case illustrates a delayed diagnosis of posterior sternoclavicular dislocation. It also shows how point-of-care ultrasound can diagnose a dislocation, confirm persistence of a dislocation diagnosis when patients are transported from a referring facility, as well as educate the patient and family. Why Should an Emergency Physician Be Aware of This? Point-of-care ultrasound can be used to rapidly diagnose posterior sternoclavicular dislocations and to provide patients education about their injury.
Cerebral Vasa Vasorum

Abstract Vasa vasorum (VV) are defined literally as vessels of the vessels, and predominantly observed in large vessels with an important role under pathological conditions. VV in the human body play an important role in pathophysiology of diseases, and noncerebral VV have been investigated for over a century. Intracranial vessels were misrepresented to be devoid of VV, and increasing evidence of their existence widens the research field investigating intra- and extracranial cerebral VV. Intracranial VV have not been observed in children, as they predominantly occur in proximal cerebral arteries of the elderly and patients with cerebrovascular disease. Several cases of intramural hemorrhage, aneurysm, arterial dissection, and vasculitis presented an association with cerebral VV. Improving technology and modern radiological methods constantly reveal new aspects of cerebral VV for further elucidation of their importance in disease diagnosis and prognosis, and as potential treatment targets.
CHADS2 SCORE PREDICTS OUTCOMES OF RADIOFREQUENCY CATHETER ABLATION IN PATIENTS WITH ATRIAL FIBRILLATION

Objectives: To assess the utility of CHADS2 score to predict the outcomes of pulmonary vein antral isolation (PVAI) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Background: The CHADS2 score is a clinical classification scheme used for predicting stroke in patients (pts) with AF. In the current study
Immiscible phase filter extraction and equivalent amplification of genotypes 1-6 of hepatitis C RNA: The building blocks for point-of-care diagnosis.

The lack of hepatitis C virus (HCV) diagnostic tests designed for use in decentralized settings is a major obstacle for providing access to treatment and prevention services particularly in low and middle income countries. Here we describe the development and validation of two building blocks of the HCV Quant Assay, a test in development for point-of-care use: 1) an RT-qPCR assay with noncompetitive internal control that equivalently detects the 6 major HCV genotypes and 2) an automated sample prep method using immiscible phase filter technology. This novel assay has wide dynamic range of HCV quantification and a limit of detection of 30 IU/ml with 200 μl specimen volume. In a preliminary study of 61 clinical specimens, the HCV Quant Assay demonstrated 100% sensitivity and specificity and gave comparable viral load results across 4 logs of IU/ml when compared to the Abbott RealTime HCV Assay.
Rehabilitation and Return to Play Following Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation in the Knee

Symptomatic articular cartilage lesions of the knee can be debilitating, particularly in athletic patient populations. For patients with focal articular chondral defects in the knee, fresh osteochondral allograft transplantation (OCA) has been shown to be an effective single-stage procedure, particularly for larger lesions (>2 cm 2 ) to restore the articular surface with hyaline cartilage. Indications for OCA continue to expand as a growing body of literature suggests good to excellent long-term clinical outcomes in appropriately selected patients as both a primary and salvage cartilage restoration procedure. In this review, a thorough summation of the most current literature regarding OCA in athletes, including associations between demographic and surgical variables and the ability to return to sport, and a detailed description of the senior author’s rehabilitation protocol with sport-specific considerations will be presented.
Who are the long-term survivors of high grade serous ovarian cancer?

Although the median survival for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is 10years. A better understanding of these exceptional responders could reveal opportunities to improve the dismal prognosis of most EOC patients. In this review, we examine the clinical and genomic features that have been associated with long-term survival, which is generally defined as survival of >7-10years after initial diagnosis. Clinical features influencing long-term survival have been best reported in large retrospective population-based studies. These studies find that long-term survival is associated with previously validated prognostic factors, including younger age at diagnosis, earlier clinicopathologic stage, lower grade, non-serous histology, absence of ascites, primary debulking surgery, and optimal cytoreduction at primary surgery. Duration of survival after a recurrence also contributes to long-term survival and depends both on recurrence location and response to subsequent chemotherapy or surgery. Germline BRCA mutations, although associated with short-term chemosensitivity, do not appear to improve long-term survival. Unfortunately, the relative lack of recurrent somatic mutations in EOC has made the identification of genomic signatures associated with long-term survival difficult. Although six independent gene expression analyses of long-term survivors (LTS) have identified signatures associated with prolonged survival, different gene sets are identified in each study. Genes differentially expressed in tumors of LTS are broadly involved in cell proliferation, tumor-stromal interactions, the cytoskeleton, metabolism of nutrients, and immune/stress response. We anticipate that consistent selection of control and LTS groups, combined with the use of emerging transcriptomic, epigenomic, and proteomic platforms, is likely to identify conserved features associated with long-term survival. Further elucidating the factors contributing to long-term survival has the potential to contribute to our understanding of the biology of ovarian cancer, with the goal of improving the survival of all EOC patients.
Deployable lenticular stiffeners for origami-inspired mechanisms

Light-weight origami-inspired mechanisms can provide advantages in deployable space systems and other applications. However, a significant challenge in their design is ensuring that they are suﬃcie...
Holding the severed finger: Korean students’ understanding of historical significance

This study investigated students’ ideas about historical significance in Korea. Using qualitative, task-based interviews, I interviewed 28 secondary students who had taken Korean and world history ...
Refractive Diffusers for Efficient Time-of-flight Illumination

We discuss the use of Engineered Diffusers™ for efficient illumination of scenes for time of flight and 3D sensing applications. These diffusers can provide controlled, inverse-cosine intensity for uniform illumination at the scene or sensor.
Education Is Ceremony: Thinking "with" Stories of Indigenous Youth and Families.

This research with three Indigenous youth and their families is an intergenerational narrative inquiry around experiences of belonging and identity making. Pulling forward teachings from Indigenous Elder Francis Whiskeyjack, a metaphor of “education as ceremony” is juxtaposed with the ceremonies of “schooling” (Greene, 2001). Thinking with stories lived and told by the youth and their families, I retell stories as a teacher, mother, and now, teacher educator. Experiencing personal and practical shifts to my teaching and learning, I reconsider the ceremonies of “schooling.” This study offers possibilities for how educators might co-compose more relational and educative (Dewey, 1938) experiences in schools.
Finding a Place for the Ethical in the Cultural and Economic Milieu of Business

I am often asked, “What is the future of business ethics?” “Is it simply a fad or does it have staying power?” I think there is no question that business ethics is not a fad. It is an issue for business throughout the world and business people throughout the world are discussing it. And academics throughout the world are busy studying and writing about it. Business ethics is no longer a monopoly for American academics; societies for business ethics exist in Western Europe, in the new capitalist countries in Central Europe and in Russia. There are organizations for business ethics in capitalist Japan, but there are also fledgling organizations in mainland China. The profusion of scholarly journals, books and texts speaks well for the staying power of the discipline. And besides, in the U.S., we now have the Federal Sentencing Guidelines.
Grain growth behavior of PbCuTe cable sheathing alloys

Lead alloys are extensively used as sheathing material for power and telecommunication cables. Excellent extrusion properties, high ductility, extremely low recrystallization temperature, good fatigue and creep resistance, make these alloys ideal for cable sheathing application. Though the thickness of the lead sheath is only a few hundred {mu}m, it is a critical component of the cable. The lead layer in the cable is often the limiting factor both during the cable production and during its service phase. Up to several hundred miles of long single piece cables may be required for underground and underwater cables. Cracking in the lead sheath during the cable sheathing extrusion limits the production of such long cables while cracking of the lead sheath due to repeated vibration, creep and recrystallization limits the service life of these cables. The purpose of the present research is to increase the duration of cable extrusion time without compromising sheath integrity by minimizing deleterious precipitate formation and growth. Concentrations of Cu and Te in the commercial alloy are too small to contribute to precipitation strengthening. Therefore their positive influence on mechanical strength should mainly result from the influence of Cu and Te in solution on interdiffusivity and grain boundary mobility.more » The formation of large precipitates observed in Pb-Cu-Te alloys can be minimized and extrusion times increased without negatively affecting mechanical properties if the solute content is reduced to near solid solubility levels. In order to examine the effect of lowering solute content on microstructural stability and mechanical properties, compressive stress-strain behavior of a Pb-50 wt ppm Cu-100 wt ppm Te alloy with solute contents close to the solubility limits and a Pb-400 wt ppm Cu-400 wt ppm Te alloy was examined at room temperature. The grain growth kinetics in these alloys were studied in a temperature range of 100 to 225 C.« less
Overarching Agrammatism: When Comprehension Involves Production

Publisher Summary This chapter explains that overarching agrammatism during comprehension involves production. Sentences contain primarily content words (such as nouns and verbs); frequently omitted are function words such as “the, of, is, that, who, and by” and other closed class elements such as inflectional endings like past tense. Apparently, comprehension of sentences by non-fluent aphasics is quite good. Sentence representations are impaired. According to one variant, the representations contain no functional elements possibly because such elements are unstressed. Sentence processing is impaired. There are many models which implicate sentence processing routines rather than sentence representations per se as the locus of the deficit. Both result in sentence interpretation failure. This research suggests that Broca's area is necessary for the rehearsal of verbal material. If so, then impairment to Broca's area may disrupt rehearsal. If rehearsal is disrupted, then the tasks which implicitly require it will induce poor performance. It is not a giant leap to speculate that rehearsal of verbal material requires the same mechanisms as those which generate language. It makes sense that an impairment of language production coincides with an impairment of language rehearsal.
Triboelectrostatic Coal Cleaning

This research has shown that both pressurized and suction configurations for utility pulverizers impart substantial and differential charge on mineral matter and combustible material in coal. The absolute value of the average charge per unit mass was the same order of magnitude for both utility systems and was in agreement with values obtained within a laboratory system. This differential charge can be utilized to beneficiate combustibles and mineral matter in-line between the pulverizers and burners under conditions typical to that of coal transport in the utility.
Lessons From a National Media Prevention Campaign

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on lessons from a national media prevention campaign. The success of any public communication effort on behalf of preventing ill health depends directly on the kinds and amounts of control that communicators can institute and carry out directly prior explications of the following: (1) specific long and short range objectives and goals, (2) themes, (3) appeals, (4) specifically identified targets, (5) selection of media, and (6) timing of message dissemination. The fewer the components over which communicators can exercise direct prior control, the more likely will their dependence be on serendipity, random chance, coincidence, and audience self-selection for the achievement of effects. This national media prevention campaign was built around a cartoon character named McGruff, a trench-coated bloodhound who urged citizens to help take a bite out of crime through a variety of vignettes that portray specific ways in which citizens can protect themselves and their communities against criminal victimization. The take a bite out of crime campaign was extremely well-planned and implemented with the aid of many experts in crime prevention, advertising, the behavioral sciences, and mass communications.
Viscous constraints on microorganism approach and interaction

Microorganisms must approach other suspended organisms or particles in order to interact with them during a host of life processes including feeding and mating. Microorganisms live at low Reynolds number where viscosity dominates and strongly affects the hydrodynamics of swimmer and nearby cells and objects. Viscous hydrodynamics makes it difficult for two surfaces to approach closely at low Reynolds numbers. Nonetheless, it is observed that microorganisms in fluid are still able to approach closely enough to interact with each other or suspended particles. Here, we study how the physical constraints provided by viscous hydrodynamics affects the feasibility of direct approach of flagellated and ciliated microorganisms to targets of different sizes. We find that it is feasible for singly flagellated swimmers to approach targets that are the same size or bigger. On the other hand, for squirmers, the feasibility of approach depends on near-field flows that can be controlled by the details of their swimming strokes.
Linda Nchi from the sky? Kenyan air counterinsurgency operations in Somalia

Kenya embarked on its first foreign military operation in 2011–2012: Operation Linda Nchi (Protect the Nation) involved operations in Somalia targeting al-Shabaab. Kenya has long been an economic a...
Contributions to composite conductivity and Seebeck coefficient in commercial Bi2Te3—Conjugated polymer composites

We demonstrated the use of as-received conjugated polymer P3HT [poly (3-hexylthiophene-2,5 diyl)] doped with F4TCNQ (2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane) as a matrix for forming a composite with as-received, commercially available p-type Bi2Te3 powder. The optimized formulation exhibits a power factor of up to 5.3μWK−2m−1, about nine times higher than the highest power factor that we achieved from mixtures of only P3HT and F4TCNQ. Bi2Te3 was responsible for increases in both the Seebeck coefficient and the electrical conductivity. P3HT, with a higher hole mobility, was superior to PQT-12 [poly(bisdodecylquaterthiophene)], and F4TCNQ was at least as good as FeCl3, for matrix and dopant, respectively, for this purpose. The power factor obtained is about 40% of that reportedly obtained from synthesized Bi2Te3 nanowires in FeCl3-doped P3HT. We calculated the expected contributions of the bulk Bi2Te3 to the composite conductivity and then examined the resistance caused by interfaces on four different size distributions of Bi2Te3 particles, as well as a solid macroscopic ingot. A nonlinear I–V relationship was found for the doped P3HT-ingot bilayer. While our doped conjugated polymer system made only from commercial-grade components was shown to support the extraction of thermoelectric performance by a commonly used inorganic semiconductor, our results also suggest that an advantage of the smallest Bi2Te3 domains, including nanowires, may arise from their having less interfacial resistance than larger Bi2Te3 particles and pieces.
Cannabis Use among Patients in a Rural Academic Palliative Care Clinic.

Abstract Background: Therapeutic cannabis is being more widely used by patients to manage multiple symptoms, but the patterns of use in the palliative care population are not well defined. Objectiv...
Collaborative Video Game Design Work and Diversity

This overview describes my ongoing dissertation research on diversity within collaborative video game design. First, I explain why research into daily work within this field is needed, especially with a focus on diversity. Next, I briefly review previous research and identify three key areas for considering diversity in the field: participation of underrepresented and marginalized groups, the structure of organizations, and collaborative work tool selection and use. I then outline my qualitative research approach of conducting semi-structured interviews with video game designers. Finally, I present some preliminary results and expected contributions for this research.
Fifty-year impacts of the beech bark disease in the Bartlett Experimental Forest, New Hampshire

Records from the early 1950s on the Bartlett Experimental Forest in New Hampshire showed that the percentage of American beech trees infected with heavy beech scale and Nectria was up to the 80 to 90% range. An inventory of beech bark disease conditions in three stands in 2004 showed that an older, uneven-aged stand managed by individual tree selection for 50 years had over 70% of the basal area in clean- (or disease-free) and rough-barked trees-trees that showed resistance or partial resistance to the disease; 15% of the basal area was clean. In contrast, an adjacent essentially unmanaged stand had well over 60% of the basal area in Nectria-damaged trees-those with sunken bark because of cambial mortality. A young unmanaged stand had a little over 60% of the basal area in mostly rough-barked trees. Records indicate that the amount of beech was not reduced by the disease in any of the inventoried stands. Apparently, single-tree selection over a 50-year period has substantially improved the disease resistance and merchantable potential of the stand.
THE APPLICATION OF DYNAMIC PROGRAMMING TO SATELLITE INTERCEPT AND RENDEZVOUS PROBLEMS

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the application of dynamic programming to a terminal guidance process for satellite intercept and rendezvous problems. It describes how far the mathematical formulation of the problem might be simplified by the use of linearizing assumptions while still realizing system performance that would meet acceptable engineering tolerances. The optimization of control processes by dynamic programming can take two approaches: a solution determined by numerical search techniques, that is, a digital computer (machine dynamic programming), or an analytical approach, where the control-system equations are linearized and usually a quadratic performance index is used (analytical dynamic programming). Machine dynamic programming, although applicable in principle to a wide class of problems, has the well-known dimensionality limitation because of its limited computer storage capacity. Although analytical dynamic programming is restricted in application to a much narrower class of problems, it allows higher dimensional systems to be considered. Generally, the analytical dynamic programming approach involves some linearizing assumptions in formulating the equations defining system performance.
Acute effects of intense exercise on the antioxidant system in birds: does exercise training help?

ABSTRACT The acute effects of an energy-intensive activity such as exercise may alter an animal9s redox homeostasis, although these short-term effects may be ameliorated by chronic exposure to that activity, or training, over time. Although well documented in mammals, how energy-intensive training affects the antioxidant system and damage by reactive species has not been investigated fully in flight-trained birds. We examined changes to redox homeostasis in zebra finches exposed to energy-intensive activity (60 min of perch-to-perch flights twice a day), and how exercise training over many weeks affected this response. We measured multiple components of the antioxidant system: an enzymatic antioxidant (glutathione peroxidase, GPx) and non-enzymatic antioxidants (measured by the OXY-adsorbent test) as well as a measure of oxidative damage (d-ROMs). At no point during the experiment did oxidative damage change. We discovered that exposure to energy-intensive exercise training did not alter baseline levels of GPx, but induced exercise-trained birds to maintain a higher non-enzymatic antioxidant status as compared with untrained birds. GPx activity was elevated above baseline in trained birds immediately after completion of the second 1 h flight on each of the three sampling days, and non-enzymatic antioxidants were acutely depleted during flight after 13 and 44 days of training. The primary effect of exercise training on the acute response of the antioxidant system to 2 h flights was increased coordination between the enzymatic (GPx) and non-enzymatic components of the antioxidant system of birds that reduced oxidative damage associated with exercise.
Intelligence and Personality in School and Educational Psychology

Intelligence and personality are fundamental to understanding children’s performance in schools. The first practical intelligence test was developed by Binet and Simon for use in Parisian public schools, and schools have remained the primary source for research and application regarding theories of intelligence. Although research regarding personality has generally evolved in clinical settings and then been transferred to schools, educators continue to develop and apply theories and techniques drawn from personality research.
Tiptoeing Around the Elephant in the Room: Discreet Activism for Social Justice in Conservative School Communities Following the 2016 Presidential Election

This paper considers how local sociopolitical contexts impacted social justice leadership in politically conservative school communities following the 2016 presidential election. Drawing from quali...
Preliminary Results of Initial Testing for Coronavirus (COVID-19) in the Emergency Department.

INTRODUCTION: On March 10, 2020, the World Health Organization declared a global pandemic due to widespread infection of the novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). We report the preliminary results of a targeted program of COVID-19 infection testing in the ED in the first 10 days of its initiation at our institution. METHODS: We conducted a review of prospectively collected data on all ED patients who had targeted testing for acute COVID-19 infection at two EDs during the initial 10 days of testing (March 10-19, 2020). During this initial period with limited resources, testing was targeted toward high-risk patients per Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines. Data collected from patients who were tested included demographics, clinical characteristics, and test qualifying criteria. We present the data overall and by test results with descriptive statistics. RESULTS: During the 10-day study period, the combined census of the study EDs was 2157 patient encounters. A total of 283 tests were ordered in the ED. The majority of patients were 18-64 years of age, male, non-Hispanic white, had an Emergency Severity Index score of three, did not have a fever, and were discharged from the ED. A total of 29 (10.2%) tested positive. Symptoms-based criteria most associated with COVID-19 were the most common criteria identified for testing (90.6%). All other criteria were reported in 5.51-43.0% of persons being tested. Having contact with a person under investigation was significantly more common in those who tested positive compared to those who tested negative (63% vs 24.5%, respectively). The majority of patients in both results groups had at least two qualifying criteria for testing (75.2%). CONCLUSION: In this review of prospectively collected data on all ED patients who had targeted testing for acute COVID-19 infection at two EDs in the first 10 days of testing, we found that 10.2% of those tested were identified as positive. The continued monitoring of testing and results will help providers understand how COVID-19 is progressing in the community.
Afterword: Who Can Still Imagine Co-habitation?

It may seem strange to imagine still the politics of co-habitation for Palestine given how intensely the State of Israel in recent years has sought to shore up the Jewish identity of the state. The...
Practice effects in mild cognitive impairment: A validation of Calamia et al. (2012)

Objective: In a meta-analysis examining practice effects on repeated neuropsychological testing, Calamia et al. (2012) provided information to predict practice effects in healthy and clinical sampl...
Why Should Adamancy of an Uninformed View Give Moral Weight

Emily Walsh’s (2020) argument does an excellent job of identifying key problems with the philosophical emphasis on precedent autonomy and the corresponding discounting of the current expressed desi...
Non-Carbon 2D Materials-Based Field-Effect Transistor Biosensors: Recent Advances, Challenges, and Future Perspectives

In recent years, field-effect transistors (FETs) have been very promising for biosensor applications due to their high sensitivity, real-time applicability, scalability, and prospect of integrating measurement system on a chip. Non-carbon 2D materials, such as transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), black phosphorus (BP), and metal oxides, are a group of new materials that have a huge potential in FET biosensor applications. In this work, we review the recent advances and remarkable studies of non-carbon 2D materials, in terms of their structures, preparations, properties and FET biosensor applications. We will also discuss the challenges facing non-carbon 2D materials-FET biosensors and their future perspectives.
From Pirates to Patients: Errors in Omission in Obtaining Dietary Histories in Children With Behavioral Disorders.

One week before presenting to the hospital, a 20-year-old man with Landau–Kleffner Syndrome, a disorder characterized by loss of higher cortical functioning similar to autism spectrum disorder, developed acute onset skin changes, pallor, and fatigue. His primary care doctor noted bruising and petechiae overlying his bilateral upper and lower extremities. Laboratories were drawn, including a complete cell count prothrombin time and international normalized ratio (INR), all of which returned unremarkable (white blood cells 6.7 k/mm3, platelets 283 mg/dL, INR 1.1, hematocrit 33.7%). Over the next several days, the patient developed gross hematuria and stopped walking, subsequently presenting to the emergency department for further evaluation. There, he was found to have persistent skin findings along with gum bleeding. He underwent an extensive laboratory evaluation notable for a hematocrit of 25.3% with a mean corpuscular volume of 83.5 fL per cell, an elevated C-reactive protein of 7 mg/L and erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 75 mm/hour, an elevated unconjugated bilirubin at 2.7 mg/dL, and a slightly decreased albumin at 3.6 g/dL. Raw absolute reticulocyte count was 0.142 M/mm3, and hematocrit-corrected reticulocyte count was 2.5%. Peripheral smear was notable for hypochromasia, polychromasia, Dohle bodies, and giant platelets. Haptoglobin was 264 mg/dL, and platelet count was 301 000 per μL. D-Dimer was elevated at 4.1 μg/mL, whereas prothrombin time, INR, partial thromboplastin time, and lactate dehydrogenase were within normal limits. Direct antiglobulin test was negative. Urine microscopy demonstrated 0 to 2 red blood cells per high powered field with positive urobilinogen despite no gross hematuria. The patient was admitted with a presumptive diagnosis of hemolytic anemia of unknown etiology. During the first 24 hours of admission, he …
The Multiband Magnification Bias for Gravitational Lenses

We present a generalization of the concept of magnification bias for gravitationally lensed quasars in which the quasars are selected by flux in more than one wavelength band. To illustrate the principle, we consider the case of two-band selection, in which the fluxes in the two bands are uncorrelated, perfectly correlated, or correlated with scatter. For uncorrelated fluxes, we show that the previously held result - that the bias is the product of the single-band biases - is generally false. We demonstrate some important properties of the multiband magnification bias using model luminosity functions inspired by observed correlations among X-ray, optical, infrared, and radio fluxes of quasars. In particular, the bias need not be an increasing function of each flux, and the bias can be extremely large for nonlinear correlations. The latter fact may account for the high lensing rates found in some X-ray/optical- and infrared/radio-selected samples.
Anonymity – Print/e-Book Bundle: By Alison Macrina and Talya Cooper, Chicago, IL: American Library Association Neal-Schuman, 2019, 80 pp., $29.00, ISBN 978-0-8389-1633-9 (Paper) 978-0-8389-1930-9 (ePub)

In recent years, reoccurring data breaches and identity theft have created a society desensitized to the loss of its privacy and anonymity. Anonymity by Alison Macrina and Talya Cooper will reengag...
Numerical simulations of lateral restraining stiffness effect on bridge deck–wave interaction under solitary waves

Abstract A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) based numerical methodology using a dynamic mesh updating technique is developed in the present study in order to investigate the lateral restraining stiffness effect on the bridge deck–wave interaction under solitary waves. Firstly, a mass–spring–damper system is implemented with a commercial CFD computer program in order to numerically simulate the complicated bridge deck–wave interaction. Then, the methodology is verified with experimental measurements in the literature, which assures its valid applications in the following parametric study. Finally, the general dynamic characteristics of the structural vibration and the wave forces in the bridge deck–wave interaction under solitary waves are discussed in the parametric study. The numerical results illustrate that increasing the structural flexibilities by reducing the lateral restraining stiffness in the transverse/horizontal direction results in larger horizontal forces on the interface between the bridge deck/superstructure and the substructure and larger dynamic amplification factors for the horizontal forces on the bridge deck. Therefore, rigidifying the superstructure by increasing the lateral restraining stiffness is generally beneficial to reducing the hydrodynamic wave forces. This methodology may also be adopted for other near shore and offshore structures when the dynamic effect is expected to be significant.
Seismic Behavior of Multistory Braced Steel Frames

A step-by-step numerical procedure is used to compute the inelastic response of single-bay braced and unbraced steel frame structures. The dynamic response is computed by assuming an elasto-plastic type hysteresis behavior in tension only for the diagonal bracing members, in bending for the girders, and in bending with axial force effect on the plastic moment and the P-Δ effect included for the columns. The N-S component of the 1940 El Centro earthquake with the accelerations multiplied by 1.5 is used. The responses of several 10-story frames having varying arrangements of bracing members are proportioned by two different design philosophies. The first series is designed by using current code procedures, and the second series is a class of period-controlled structures. The results indicate that even light diagonal bracing members can significantly reduce lateral displacement and inelastic activity in the columns and girders. The axial force in the columns and floor accelerations can be substantially increased.
Abstract 20622: Effect of Angiotensin Receptor Blockade on Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis

Background: Angiotensin II plays a key role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis at least partly by promoting oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation. Objectives: We investigated the effects of Angiotensin II type-1 receptor (AT 1 R) blockade with Valsartan on carotid wall atherosclerosis, with the hypothesis that Valsartan will reduce progression of atherosclerosis, OS, and inflammation. Methods: Subjects (n= 120, 60±9 years, 51% male) with carotid intima-media thickness >0.65 mm by ultrasound were randomized (2:1) in a double-blind manner to receive either Valsartan (n=80), titrated up to 320 mg daily, or placebo (n=40) for 2 years. Bilateral T2-weighted black-blood carotid magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed at baseline, 12 and 24 months. Changes in the carotid bulb vessel wall area (VWA) and wall thickness (WT) were primary endpoints. Secondary endpoints included changes in carotid plaque thickness, plasma levels of aminothiols, C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, and endothelium-dependent and -independent brachial artery vasodilation. Statistical comparisons between groups were performed using a linear mixed-effects model to account for multiple measurements within subject. Results: Over 2 years, the carotid bulb VWA decreased with valsartan (p=0.008) but not with placebo (p=0.28); p=0.01 between groups. Similarly, mean WT increased with placebo (p=0.0035) but remained unchanged with Valsartan (p=0.31); p=0.009 between groups. Importantly, plaque thickness decreased with Valsartan (p= 0.014) but was unchanged with placebo (p=0.16); p=0.01 between groups. These findings were independent of statin therapy and changes in blood pressure. Furthermore, there were significant improvements in the aminothiol cysteineglutathione disulfide and fibrinogen levels and in endothelium-independent vasodilation with Valsartan. Conclusions: AT 1 R blockade with Valsartan is associated with significant carotid arterial remodeling manifested as regression in carotid atherosclerosis, changes that may be secondary to improvement in OS, inflammation, and vascular function.
Hydrological consequences of land use change: A review of the state-of-science

Rates of deforestation, agriculturalization, urbanization, wetland drainage, and several other types of land use change have accelerated as a function of the growth of human populations. Hydrologists have recognized for nearly a half century that such land use changes can substantially affect hydrological processes at the scale of the research plot, the hillslope, and the small experimental catchment. The hydrological consequences of land use change are of interest not only to the academic hydrologist and ecologist, but they are of critical importance to the practicing civil engineer. At the beginning of the 21st century, these studies are increasingly being incorporated into multi-scale analyses used to address both scientific and management questions at landscape, river basin, and regional scales. Such efforts are being supported by major technological developments in collecting, analyzing, and modeling hydrological data, as well as new capabilities for observing and quantifying land use and land cover changes using remote sensors. In this chapter, I(1) summarize various scientific methods that have been used to determine the hydrological effects of land use change; (2) review the state-of-science with respect to understanding the effects of several different types of land use change on hydrological processes; and (3) identify key research issues related to uses of specific methodologies and to improved understanding, detection, quantification, and prediction of the hydrological consequences of specific land use changes.
A comparison of weighted ensemble and Markov state model methodologies

Computation of reaction rates and elucidation of reaction mechanisms are two of the main goals of molecular dynamics (MD) and related simulation methods. Since it is time consuming to study reaction mechanisms over long time scales using brute force MD simulations, two ensemble methods, Markov State Models (MSMs) and Weighted Ensemble (WE), have been proposed to accelerate the procedure. Both approaches require clustering of microscopic configurations into networks of “macro-states” for different purposes. MSMs model a discretization of the original dynamics on the macro-states. Accuracy of the model significantly relies on the boundaries of macro-states. On the other hand, WE uses macro-states to formulate a resampling procedure that kills and splits MD simulations for achieving better efficiency of sampling. Comparing to MSMs, accuracy of WE rate predictions is less sensitive to the definition of macro-states. Rigorous numerical experiments using alanine dipeptide and penta-alanine support our analyses. It is shown that MSMs introduce significant biases in the computation of reaction rates, which depend on the boundaries of macro-states, and Accelerated Weighted Ensemble (AWE), a formulation of weighted ensemble that uses the notion of colors to compute fluxes, has reliable flux estimation on varying definitions of macro-states. Our results suggest that whereas MSMs provide a good idea of the metastable sets and visualization of overall dynamics, AWE provides reliable rate estimations requiring less efforts on defining macro-states on the high dimensional conformational space.