cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Adalimumab for Pediatric Sympathetic Ophthalmia

Sympathetic ophthalmia (SO) is an autoimmune, bilateral, granulomatous panuveitis occurring after accidental or surgical trauma to the eye.1 Systemic corticosteroids are first-line therapy for SO with immunomodulatory therapy employed for corticosteroid-sparing immunosuppression and chronic, refractory cases. Biologic response modifiers (BRMs) are a class of therapeutics that target specific cytokines mediating inflammation, and TNF-α antagonist BRMs have shown promise for uveitis.2 Herein, we report the first use, to our knowledge, of adalimumab for refractory pediatric SO leading to resolution of inflammation.
Microwave optical double resonance used as an assignment tool in optical spectroscopy

Abstract Microwave transitions between excited rovibronic states were used to assign transitions in the optical spectrum of NH 2 using microwave optical double-resonance spectroscopy. The microwave frequency was set so as to pump one particular hyperfine component of the previously observed 1 10 , J = 1 2 , Π(0, 10, 0), A 2 A 1 ↔ u , F 2 transition around 6.3 GHz, the frequency of the dye laser was then tuned over a wide spectral range. Double-resonance signals occurred in four level systems whenever the optically excited level was collisionally coupled to either of the microwave pumped levels. This method, when used in conjunction with the results of a conventional absorption spectrum of the molecule, yields information on perturbing states around the Π(0, 10, 0) region. In addition it has proved possible to detect further levels of similar vibronic character to the u state, in particular the spin rotation partners of u and u ′. Some discussion on a possible vibronic assignment for these levels is included.
DYNAMIC VISUAL ACUITY AND OTHER MEASURES OF VISION

Dynamic Visual Acuity (DVA) is target resolution threshold when there is relative motion between the target and the observer. A slide projector on a turntable throws the target image on a cylindrical screen. The apparatus permits experimental control of target size, angular velocity of target, level of uniformly distributed illumination, monocular vs. binocular viewing of the target, and S's head movement (free vs. fixed). An earlier research report (1) completely describes this apparatus, as well as previously conducted research by others using different apparatus. In the present investigation (one of a series) binocular DVA scores at four target velocities (60, 90, 120, and 15O0/second), taken with either head fixed or head free, were compared with CFF, ACA ratio (a score derived from near and far phoria measurements), and Static Acuity measured on the Bausch and Lomb Ortho-Rater. To facilitate comparison, the DVA targets were projected images of the 15 checkerboards used in the Ortho-Rater acuity test sequence. The 120 Ss (45 male and 75 female, ages 16 to 67) ranged in Static Acuity from 20/15 to 20/40 corrected. Sixty-six Ss were retested with the alternate head movement condition after at least a two-week interval. No evidence was found of a statistically significant correlation between DVA score (at any speed, either fixed-head or free-head) and either ACA ratio or CFF. No evidence was found of a statistically significant correlation between ACA ratio and either CFF or Static Acuity, or between CFF and Static Acuity. Low (from .17 to .31) but significant (p 5 .O5) product-moment correlations were found between DVA and Static Acuity, these correlations decreasing with increasing target velocity and being generally lower for fixedhead DVA than for free-head DVA. Test-retest reliability is .81 for CFF, .82 for ACA ratio, and .77 for Static Acuity (all with p = .001). Lower, but statistically significant reliability coefficients have been found between freehead and fixed-head DVA scores at each speed. Ludvigh and Miller (2) have demonstrated a fairly uniform practice effect in DVA performance. Data being collected will enable the present investigators KO evaluate this practice effect and provide larger samples for reliability analyses for both fixed-head and free-head DVA performance.
A numerical investigation of laminar flow past nonspherical solids and droplets

Steady laminar flow past solitary spheroids and nonspherical droplets has been numerically analyzed. Specifically, interfacial transport properties such as surface pressures, interfacial velocities, shear stresses and separation angles as well as the resulting drag coefficients are evaluated for specified aspect ratios (0.2 {<=} E = b/a {<=} 1.0) and intermediate gas stream Reynolds numbers (40 {<=} Re {<=} 120). For one case, it was determined that the use of the traditional spherical-droplet assumption would result in a 30 percent under prediction of the total drag coefficient.
Language and motor skills are impaired in infants with biliary atresia before transplantation.

Objective To test the hypothesis that in very young patients with biliary atresia, cognitive deficits are apparent before transplantation. Study design With the Mullen Scales of Early Learning (Mullen), we examined 15 infants (mean age, 7.8 months) with biliary atresia, correlating Mullen scores with standard clinical and biochemical parameters. Results Overall, participants displayed significant delays in gross motor and language skills, and fine motor and visual reasoning skills were relatively preserved. The international normalized ratio correlated inversely with gross ( P P P Conclusions Very young children with biliary atresia display a characteristic profile of early developmental deficits before transplantation. These findings suggest that early intervention and aggressive nutritional management should be the standard of care to minimize neurocognitive effects.
Immediacy and out-of-class communication: A cross-cultural comparison

Abstract The objective of the present study is to extend out-of-class communication (OCC) research by comparing OCC frequency, content, and satisfaction, and examining the influence of instructor immediacy on OCC in Chinese and US college classrooms. The survey of relevant literature suggests this study represents the first direct empirical cross-cultural comparison of OCC, which reports five major findings: (a) Chinese students engage in more OCC than US students; (b) Chinese OCC is more personal problem oriented, but US OCC focuses on coursework; (c) US students have a significantly higher OCC satisfaction than Chinese counterparts; (d) Chinese and US students differ in OCC forms. Chinese students visit instructors’ office more often, but US students email their instructors more; (e) US instructor immediacy is not correlated significantly with OCC frequency and satisfaction, whereas Chinese instructor verbal immediacy is correlated significantly with OCC frequency and satisfaction. Chinese nonverbal immediacy is associated significantly with OCC frequency, but not with OCC satisfaction.
On the processes generating latitudinal richness gradients: Identifying diagnostic patterns and predictions

We use a simulation model to examine four of the most common hypotheses for the latitudinal richness gradient and identify patterns that might be diagnostic of those four hypotheses. The hypotheses examined include (1) tropical niche conservatism, or the idea that the tropics are more diverse because a tropical clade origin has allowed more time for diversification in the tropics and has resulted in few species adapted to extra-tropical climates. (2) The ecological limits hypothesis suggests that species richness is limited by the amount of biologically available energy in a region. (3) The speciation rates hypothesis suggests that the latitudinal gradient arises from a gradient in speciation rates. (4) Finally, the tropical stability hypothesis argues that climatic fluctuations and glacial cycles in extratropical regions have led to greater extinction rates and less opportunity for specialization relative to the tropics. We found that tropical niche conservatism can be distinguished from the other three scenarios by phylogenies which are more balanced than expected, no relationship between mean root distance (MRD) and richness across regions, and a homogeneous rate of speciation across clades and through time. The energy gradient, speciation gradient, and disturbance gradient scenarios all produced phylogenies which were more imbalanced than expected, showed a negative relationship between MRD and richness, and diversity-dependence of speciation rate estimates through time. We found that the relationship between speciation rates and latitude could distinguish among these three scenarios, with no relation expected under the ecological limits hypothesis, a negative relationship expected under the speciation rates hypothesis, and a positive relationship expected under the tropical stability hypothesis. We emphasize the importance of considering multiple hypotheses and focusing on diagnostic predictions instead of predictions that are consistent with multiple hypotheses.
The effects of ingesting a tribulus containing proprietary supplement with combined resistance training on strength, body composition, and hormonal changes in males

Methods Twenty-eight (22±4.48 yrs, 179.22±9.04 cm, 83.41±11.95 kg, 15.90±5.07 %BF) resistance-trained males between the ages of 18 and 30 were randomly assigned by body weight to ingest either a placebo or tribulus blend (tribulus fruit extract-40% saponins) in a double-blind manner. Subjects participated in a supervised 4-day per week periodized resistance training program split into two upper and two lower extremity workout per week. At baseline (T1), 4 weeks (T2), and 8 weeks (T3), body composition (DEXA), muscular strength (1RM), muscular endurance, and anaerobic power measurements (Wingate) were determined. Venous blood samples were obtained using standard procedures at all time points. Blood analyses included serum and whole blood metabolic profile and the serum analysis of free testosterone, cortisol, and insulin were conducted using standard EIA and ELISA assay protocols. Statistical analyses utilized a two-way ANOVA with repeated measures for all dependent variables (p 0.05) indicating that supplementation had no additional benefit. A significant main effect for time was observed for serum insulin (p = 0.01), however there was no significant differences between groups. No significant main effects or interactions (p > 0.05) were noted on measures of anaerobic power, muscular endurance, RHR & BP, nutritional dietary intake, cortisol, free testosterone, or on the markers of the metabolic/CBC panel.
Development and clinical applications of a light-polymerized fiber-reinforced composite☆☆☆★★★♢♢♢♦

Abstract Statement of problem. After 30 years of intermittent reports in the literature, the use of fiber reinforcement is just now experiencing rapid expansion in dentistry. Purpose. This article describes the development and use of a continuous, unidirectional fiber-reinforced composite as a framework for the fabrication of fixed prostheses. Methods. By using various matrix materials and fibers, a number of fiber-reinforced composite formulations were evaluated with the goal of creating a system with optimized mechanical properties and handling characteristics. Fiber-reinforced composite based on a light-polymerized BIS-GMA matrix has been used clinically to make 2-phase prostheses comprised of an internal glass fiber-reinforced composite substructure covered by a particulate composite. The clinical and laboratory procedures required for the fabrication and use of reinforced composite fixed prostheses are described for laboratory-fabricated complete or partial coverage fixed prosthesis and chairside prosthesis. Results. Although additional clinical experience is needed, fiber-reinforced composite materials can be used to make metal-free prostheses with excellent esthetic qualities. (J Prosthet Dent 1998;80:311-8.)
Causes of permeability variation in a Lower Cretaceous reservoir unit in the West Siberian Basin, Russia

Abstract Samples of the Lower Cretaceous BS 10 reservoir, taken from 11 oil fields in the central part of the West Siberian Basin, show a permeability variation of more than 4 orders of magnitude at the scale of the core plug. Much of this variation occurs in samples that fall within the fine-grained Wentworth class. However, application of 2-D Fourier analysis and other methods of petrographic image analysis demonstrates the existence of a real, but subtle, variation in grain size that provides an important control on permeability. Reservoir quality will be best in the facies that represent the highest depositional energy.
Calculation of work functions for surfaces composed of ionic crystals

Abstract Values for the work functions of thermionic emitter surfaces composed of alkaline earth oxides have been approximated by means of a closed energy balance cycle which is a modification of the Born-Haber Method ordinarily used to estimate lattice energies or electron affinities. Comparison of calculated surface potentials with reported work functions for alkaline earth oxides disclosed reasonable agreement. The modified Born-Haber cycle includes, among other terms, the lattice energy, the heat of sublimation, and the molecular electron affinity of the gaseous, neutral, diatomic molecules under consideration. Justification for the incorporation of these quantities into the energy balance, together with the general implications of this method of estimating work functions, is discussed.
Treatment of Mycobacterium haemophilum infection with an antibiotic regimen including clarithromycin

A patient with rheumatoid arthritis developed ulcerated nodules predominantly on his legs. Skin biopsy and culture demonstrated rheumatoid vasculitis and infection with Mycobacterium haemophilum. Improvement was not seen until clarithromycin was added to his treatment regimen.
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Diagnostics: It Only Gets Better but Some of the Same Challenges Remain

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD)2 is a neuromuscular disease characterized by progressive muscular weakness and degeneration of skeletal muscle. DMD is the most common X-linked recessive lethal disease, with an incidence of approximately 1 in 3500 newborns 1. Most patients are diagnosed at about 5 years of age, when their physical ability diverges markedly from that of their peers. Weakness and wasting of muscle are progressive and symmetrical, affecting the lower limbs before the upper limbs and the proximal muscles before the distal muscles 2. Affected children are usually wheelchair bound by the age of 12 years. The presence of nonprogressive cognitive impairment is also a common feature in a significant portion of DMD patients. Most patients die in their early 20s as a result of cardiac or respiratory failure. About 30 years ago my doctoral advisor, Dr. Hanns-Dieter Gruemer, decided that my thesis project would involve carrier testing for DMD using the new molecular testing. Dr. Gruemer's previous research studies had primarily dealt with membrane alterations and creatine kinase activities in DMD carriers. Although I had little molecular expertise, I am fortunate and grateful that Dr. Gruemer made this very wise thesis project decision, which also had a profound impact on my career. The molecular breakthrough that occurred at the time I started my project was that DNA probes from the short arm of the X chromosome, which recognized RFLPs linked to the dystrophin ( DMD …
Lower bounds for nonoverlapping domain decomposition preconditioners in two dimensions

Lower bounds for the condition numbers of the preconditioned systems are obtained for the Bramble-Pasciak-Schatz substructuring preconditioner and the Neumann-Neumann preconditioner in two dimensions. They show that the known upper bounds are sharp.
INCOMMENSURABLE ALTERNATIVES AND RATIONAL CHOICE

I consider the implications of incommensurability for the assumption, in rational choice theory, that a rational agent's preferences are complete. I argue that, contrary to appearances, the completeness assumption and the existence of incommensurability are compatible. Indeed, reflection on incommensurability suggests that one's preferences should be complete over even the incommensurable alternatives one faces.
Failure propagation in multi-cell lithium ion batteries

Abstract Traditionally, safety and impact of failure concerns of lithium ion batteries have dealt with the field failure of single cells. However, large and complex battery systems require the consideration of how a single cell failure will impact the system as a whole. Initial failure that leads to the thermal runaway of other cells within the system creates a much more serious condition than the failure of a single cell. This work examines the behavior of small modules of cylindrical and stacked pouch cells after thermal runaway is induced in a single cell. Cylindrical cells are observed to be less prone to propagate owing to the limited contact between neighboring cells. The electrical connectivity is found to be impactful as the 10S1P cylindrical cell module did not show failure propagation through the module, while the 1S10P module had an energetic thermal runaway consuming the module minutes after the initiation failure trigger. Modules built using pouch cells conversely showed the impact of strong heat transfer between cells. In this case, a large surface area of the cells was in direct contact with its neighbors, allowing failure to propagate through the entire battery within 60–80 s for all configurations (parallel or series) tested.
Credit ratings and the BIS capital adequacy reform agenda

Abstract In this paper, we have revised and updated our earlier study in order to analyze the most recent (second) draft of the BIS's proposed reforms of bank capital requirements. We conduct Monte-Carlo experiments using data on defaults and severity rates on publicly-traded US corporate bonds over the 1981–1999 period. Analyzing the whole period and various sub-periods, it is clear that the most recent draft of the BIS proposed reforms seriously overestimates the relative riskiness of high-quality debt relative to low quality debt in the so-called standardized model. As a result, the most recent proposal still contains inherent risk-shifting (taking) incentives for banks.
Electron impact studies of tin tetrahalides SnCl4, SnBr4 and SnI4

Abstract Negative ions formed by dissociative resonance capture from SnCl4, SnBr4 and SnI4 have been studied. Each compound gave the ions SnX3−, SnX2−, X2− and X−. Ionization-efficiency curves were determiend for each ion and in all but one case the translational energies of the ions were measured. Extrapolation of the translational energy to thermal value yields the energy of the reaction. The electron affinities of the SnX3 and SnX2 radicals have thus been determined. The X2− and X− ions appear in most cases to be formed along with the SnX2 and SnX3 radicals in electronically excited states and the transition energies have been determined. The translational energies give some insights into the structure of the decomposition products.
A complication of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: intestinal obstruction

Intestinal obstruction is a significant and increasingly recognized complication after laparoscopic and open gastric bypass. The medical records of 3,463 patients who had gastric bypass during the study period from July 1997 to December 2004 at a single bariatric center were evaluated. 1,120 patients had retrocolic, retrogastric Roux limb placement and 2,343 patients had antecolic, antegastric. 40 patients had 44 intestinal obstructions (1.27%). The onset ranged from 1 day to 7 years postoperatively (mean 16.9 months). Internal hernia at the transverse mesocolon defect was the most common cause. 36 (3.2%) obstructions were observed in retrocolic, retrogastric vs. 8 (0.3%) in antecolic, antegastric approach. Internal hernia repair at mesocolinic effect (n = 11), jejunojejunostomy mesenteric defect repair (n = 7), lysis of adhesions (n = 16) were the most common procedures. A total of 70.5% were done laparoscopically. A high index of suspicion is needed to diagnose bowel obstruction after gastric bypass. Radiological imaging of the abdomen has significant limitations. Surgical exploration should be performed without delay. Diagnostic laparoscopy is a safe and effective therapy. We recommend closing all mesenteric defects to prevent internal hernias. The antecolic, antegastric technique reduces the incidence of internal hernias.
Lagrangian Partial-Inertial Oscillations, and Subtropical and Low-Level Monsoon Jet Streaks

Abstract Jet streaks (local wind maxima) are prominent features of current systems both in the high and lowtroposphere. As particles in the core of the current flow through them, they experience cyclical velocityoscillations whose characteristics (period, dimensions and form of the wave described by a trajectory) arerelated to the way in which the geostrophic wind varies along the current. Although there is considerablevariation, the modal period is nearly semi-inertial (twice the inertial period). Two special cases are examined. First, jet streaks in the mean winter subtropical jet stream (STJ) aredemonstrated to be approximate semi-inertial oscillations and also planetary waves, a coincidence shownto be unique to the subtropical latitude. STJ waves are distinctive from middle-latitude Rossby waves inthe respects that they are dominated by departures from gradient-wind motion and also have dissimilardivergence distributions. Second, the mean July low-level monsoon jet over the Arabian Sea, with anoscilla...
Design, modeling, and control of multilevel converter motor drive with modular design and split winding machine

A multilevel converter utilizing machine windings to synthesize inverter outputs is proposed. The new multilevel converter overcomes the problems of classic multilevel converters, reduces the cost, size, and insulation requirement, and improves the performance of motor drives as well as electrical machines. The topology, advantages, modeling, control, and experimental results are presented in this paper.
Coupling Of Index-Guided Lateral Modes In Three-Stripe Gain-Guided Laser Diode Arrays

Experimental results are presented which indicate the existence of index-guided lateral modes between stripes in multistripe laser diode arrays fabricated from planar double heterostructure material. Through a comparison to measurements made on twin-stripe arrays, each adjacent pair of stripes in a three-stripe array is observed to support index-guided modes. A comparison of the measured far-field intensity pattern with the calculated far-field diffraction pattern from the three-stripe array suggests that out-of-phase coupling between the two index-guided modes has been observed just above threshold, while at higher currents the two modes run independently. The presence of higher-order index-guided modes has also been observed as the current is increased. Measurements made on a commercially available ten-stripe laser also suggest the presence of index-guided lateral modes.
Identification of a domain within human TAFI48, a subunit of Selectivity Factor 1, that interacts with helix 2 of TBP

RNA polymerase I transcription in human cells requires Selectivity Factor 1, a multisubunit complex composed of the TATA-box-binding protein (TBP) and three TBP-associated factors (TAFs) called TAF(I)48, TAF(I)63 and TAF(I)110. Each of the Selectivity Factor 1 subunits binds directly to the other three components, but these interactions have not been characterized. This study is the initial identification and analysis of a TBP-binding domain within a Selectivity Factor 1 TAF. The interaction between human TBP and human TAF(I)48 was initially examined using the yeast two-hybrid assay, and a TBP-binding domain was identified in the carboxyl-terminus of human (h)TAF(I)48. Consistent with this result, the hTAF(I)48 carboxyl-terminus was able to bind directly to TBP in protein-protein interaction assays. When mutations were introduced into the hTAF(I)48 carboxyl-terminus, we identified changes in uncharged and positive residues that affect its interaction with TBP. By examining TBP mutants, residues within and adjacent to helix 2 of TBP, previously demonstrated to interact with subunits of other TBP-containing complexes [Transcription Factor IID (TFIID) and TFIIIB] were also found to diminish its affinity for the carboxyl-terminus of hTAF(I)48. The regions of hTAF(I)48 and TBP that interact are compared to those identified within other complexes containing TBP.
A Comparison of Production Practices and Fruit Development for ‘M-15’ Lima Beans Grown in Delaware and California

ABSTRACT Average yields of ‘M-15’ baby lima beans (Phaseotus lunatus L.) are consistently lower in Delaware (1,905 kg/hectare) than in California (3,923 kg/hectare). Comparison of production practices revealed differences in plant populations, soil type, irrigation, relative humidity, and plant size for the two areas. Documentation of lima bean ontogeny revealed more than one flower cluster at a single node in an inflorescence can be produced. Although multiple flower clusters can be produced, pods at harvest were the products of initial flower clusters. Inflorescence location, above or within the plant canopy, did not affect yield per inflorescence. Consistent with commercial yields, ‘M-15’ research plots in California had greater yields than those in Delaware in Experiment I. In Experiment II, ‘M-15’ was grown at the same plant population density in both locations. Again, California had significant increases in plant mass and shelled bean masses over those planted in Delaware.
LAT-1 Expression in Pre- and Post-implantation Embryos and Placenta

Abstract Objectives LAT-1 (L-type amino acid transporter 1) is a system L, Na + -independent amino acid transporter responsible for transport of large neutral amino acids. Dysregulated expression of LAT-1 is characteristic of many primary human cancers and is related to tumor invasion. Primary rat hepatocytes in culture increase LAT-1 mRNA in response to amino acid depletion. Transformed hepatic cell lines demonstrate constitutive expression of LAT-1. These observations suggest that LAT-1 expression confers a growth and survival advantage under limited amino acid availability. LAT-1 is highly expressed in the placenta. It has been shown previously that amino acids are fundamental regulators of cell function and energy metabolism in pre-implantation embryos. Our objectives were to analyze qualitatively and quantitatively LAT-1 expression in pre-implantation stages of mouse embryo development and to identify cell types expressing LAT-1 in post-implantation stages. Methods LAT-1 was quantified by real-time qPCR. Localization of expression was by laser capture microdissection, in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. Results Our results show increasing mRNA levels of LAT-1 as the embryo develops from zygote to blastocyst with highest levels at hatching blastocyst. Expression studies of LAT-1 on microdissected samples from developing mouse placenta show highest levels of LAT-1 mRNA in trophoblast giant cells (TGCs) at the time of implantation (E7.5), followed by maternal decidua, ectoplacental cone and epiblast. At later stages of development (E9.5 and E11.5) no differential expression of LAT-1 was observed. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry also showed differential expression of LAT-1 mRNA and protein, respectively, with darkest staining in TGCs at E7.5. By E9.5 and E11.5 mRNA expression was no longer preferentially localized to TGCs, hybridization was equal across the different cell types and regions. LAT-1 protein expression, however, still showed highest intensity of staining in TGCs at E9.5 and E11.5. Conclusions Since trophoblast giant cells are invasive cells that displace and phagocytose the uterine epithelial cells, these data suggest that LAT-1 may play a role in the invasive phenotype. The mechanism of LAT-1 regulation during placentation, therefore, might provide valuable clues to its role in tumor progression and invasion.
The milk-alkali syndrome.

Although alkalosis and renal compromise may occur from the use of antacids and milk, severe disease with features corresponding to those which Burnettet al. described could be found in only 33 cases through 1963. Many more cases of transient changes have been reported, sometimes under the eponym of “Burnett's syndrome.” Generally, there was a long history of excessive intake of milk and absorbable alkali, mostly sodium bicarbonate. The most common manifestations were anorexia, dry mouth, dizziness, pruritus, polyuria, or other manifestations of renal insufficiency. Azotemia and hypercalcemia were present; the serum phosphorus was normal or elevated, and the alkaline phosphatase was normal. Previous renal disease was present in about one-third of the cases. Urinary calcium excretion was normal. Band keratopathy, nephrocalcinosis, or other metastatic calcification was usually present. The pathogenesis is obscure. The amount of calcium appeared to be greater than normal. A long history of high milk intake was present in 29 of 32 patients and absorbable alkali (mostly sodium bicarbonate) in all 33 of the patients with Burnett's syndrome. Pre-existing renal disease was present in about one-third of the patients. Other metabolic abnormalities such as potassium depletion may contribute to the renal impairment. The major condition to be considered in differential diagnosis is primary hyperparathyroidism. Improvement on a diet low in calcium and absorbable alkali may be useful in patients without irreversible renal disease. Surgical exploration and examination of the parathyroid tissue may be necessary in some instances. Treatment consists principally of a low calcium diet, a high fluid intake and discontinuance of absorbable alkali.
Polymorphism of CAG motif of SK3 gene is associated with acute oxaliplatin neurotoxicity

There is no agreement on which channel is involved in oxaliplatin neurotoxicity, most investigators favouring voltage-gated sodium channels. However, the small conductance Ca++ activated K+ channels, encoded by the SK1–3 genes, are also involved in membrane excitability, playing a role in after-hyperpolarization at the motor nerve terminal. As the SK3 gene is characterized in Caucasians by a highly polymorphic CAG motif within the exon 1, we hypothesize that SK3 gene polymorphism may influence the development of acute nerve hyperexcitability in oxaliplatin-treated patients. Patients eligible for an oxaliplatin-containing regimen were enrolled. Detailed neurological examination, nerve conduction studies and needle electromyography were performed before and after oxaliplatin administration. DNA was extracted by polymerase chain reaction, and each allele was isolated and sequenced. We evaluated 40 patients. After oxaliplatin administration, 28 patients developed symptoms of neurotoxicity, which were severe in 11. Patients were divided into three groups according to neurophysiological data: G0 (normal peripheral nerve excitability [PNE]), 16 patients; G1 (mild PNE), 15 patients; G2 (severe PNE), 9 patients. Genetic analysis showed different alleles ranging from 13 to 23 CAG repeats. Patients carrying alleles containing 13–15 CAG repeats experienced a significantly higher incidence of severe nerve hyperexcitability (chi-square 48.6; df 16; P = 0.0001). The results suggest that OXA-neurotoxicity may be related to distribution of the polymorphic CAG motif of the SK3 gene, which might modulate nerve after-hyperpolarization. The 13–14 CAG repeat allele could mark patients susceptible to acute OXA neurotoxicity.
Survey of potentially hazardous object threat negation campaign options

Abstract Deflecting a potentially hazardous object (PHO) away from Earth is dependent on the amount of advance warning time, object material composition, trajectory, and the perturbing method. There are many proposed concepts that provide solutions to either deflect or fragment a PHO over a given amount of time. Each concept has its own advantages and disadvantages. Once a threat is established, an end-to-end PHO mitigation campaign design might include the use of various techniques and multiple phases. The purpose of this survey is to provide useful information to decision makers about the overall effort required to mitigate a threatening object with high reliability. Campaign and mission timelines, launch vehicle(s) and spacecraft, deflection option(s), and resource and technology requirements are some of the considerations that are addressed. A uniform rating scale is established and applied to a number of proposed deflection concepts. Several representative threat scenarios are defined and used to rank proposed deflection concepts based on a set of criteria, such as warning time and technology readiness. Multiple independent deflection attempts are considered as means to increase campaign effectiveness.
Weak coupling theory of the ripplon limited mobility of A 2-D electron lattice

Abstract The one ripplon-n phonon scattering contribution to the mobility of a 2D electron lattice supported by a liquid helium substrate is calculated in first order perturbation theory to all orders of n in the weak coupling limit. The Debye Waller factor is shown to limit the momentum transfer at large ripplon wave-vectors and high temperatures causing a minimum in the mobility as a function of temperature.
Enhancing the learning process with expert systems

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to show how expert systems are used to enhance the learning process or improve basic skills of students. It provides resource material to business faculty for the teaching of a one or two session module on expert systems in a graduate or undergraduate statistics class. After briefly introducing the concept of expert systems and discussing their potential uses in education, a student exercise involves using STAT-EXPERT, an expert system designed to help students in selecting the appropriate statistical analysis technique for a mini case situation described in the exercise.
Molecular aspects of calcified tissue.

The detailed relation between primary, secondary, tertiary, and ultrastructure of collagen is presented. Electron micrographs of stained collagen are described in terms of specific peptide location. Data relating to the interaction of polysaccharides, notably chondroitin-6-sulfate, and proteoglycan and collagen are reviewed and a model for connective tissue developed. The relationship between such structure and that of calcified tissue is examined and some new data pertaining to the mechanism of calcification are introduced.
Geometrical characterization of surface roughness and its application to fatigue crack initiation

Abstract A direct mathematical method to determine the important geometrical parameters relative to surface roughness has been discussed. The surface-roughness characteristics that were produced on low-cycle fatigue specimens of Type 304 stainless steel by a silicon carbide grinding technique have been evaluated. An attempt has been made to establish a correlation between the shape and depth of the surface grooves and the fatigue crack-initiation life determination from fatigue specimens with well-characterized surface roughness. This analysis has been extended to existing measurements of the surface topography developed in initially smooth specimens of aluminum subjected to torsional fatigue. The quantitative description of the kinetics of such surface topographical changes is expected to yield valuable information pertinent to the crack-initiation process.
Simultaneous determination of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and homovanillic acid in milligram amounts of rat striatal tissue by gas-liquid chromatography

Abstract Simultaneous determination of the major metabolites of dopamine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA) in rat striatum has been achieved by gas-liquid chromatography. Striatal tissue from one rat was homogenized in IN HCl and one-tenth of the sample extracted with ethyl ether. After evaporation of the ether, the residue was reacted with a combination of 1-chloro-1,1,3,3,3-pentafluor-2-propanol and pentafluoropropionic anhydride followed by reaction with pentafluoropropionic anhydride. The derivatives were chromatographed on a 3% JXR column and quantitated using electron capture detection. The propionic homologs of DOPAC and HVA served as internal standards. The steady state levels of DOPAC and HVA were found to be 0.90 μ g/gm±0.21 S.D. (N=12) and 0.66 μ g/gm±0.16 S.D. (N=12) respectively.
Early colonization of red alder and Douglas fir by ectomycorrhizal fungi and Frankia in soils from the Oregon coast range

The potential for mycorrhizal formation and Frankia nodulation were studied in soils from six sites in the Pacific Northwest. The sites included young and old alder stands, a 1-year-old conifer clear-cut, a young conifer plantation, and rotation-aged and old-growth conifer stands. A bioassay procedure was used with both red alder and Douglas fir seedlings as hosts. After 6 weeks growth, seedlings of both hosts were harvested every 3 weeks for 21 weeks and numbers of nodules and ectomycorrhizal types estimated. Nodules formed on red alder and ectomycorrhizae formed on both alder and Douglas fir in soil from all sites. Nodulation potential was highest in soil from the alder stands and the conifer plantation. Seven morphologically distinct ectomycorrhizal types were recovered on Douglas fir and five on alder. Only Thelephora terrestris, a broad-host-range mycobiont, formed mycorrhizae on both hosts. New ectomycorrhizal types formed on both hosts throughout the bioassay. Ectomycorrhizal colonization of alder was greatest in the alder and clear-cut soils. Low ectomycorrhizal colonization on alder was found in soils from sites where conifers were actively growing. Ectomycorrhizal colonization of Douglas fir was highest in the young alder and conifer plantation soils and was low in the rotation-aged conifer soil. The highest diversity of ectomycorrhizal types was found on alder in the conifer clear-cut soil and on Douglas fir in the rotation-aged conifer soil. Effects of host specificity, nodulation and mycorrhiza-forming potential and nodule-mycorrhiza interactions on seedling establishment are discussed in relation to seral stage dynamics and attributes of pioneer ectomycorrhizal fungal species.
Gender Role Attitudes: Who Supports Expanded Rights for Women in Afghanistan?

We use survey data from a national probability sample of 6,593 adult Afghans and multivariate regression that estimates the effects of several factors on separate indices of gender role attitudes generated by exploratory factor analysis to explore whether men and women differ in their gender role attitudes and the extent to which ecological and socio-demographic factors may mediate both within- and across-group differences. We find that men and women differ in their gender role attitudes, as men report more conservative attitudes than women. These differences manifest whether gender role attitude is measured as procuring basic rights for women, or empowering women politically. Moreover, men and women’s gender role attitudes are not immutable—education, ethnicity, and urbanization and, in women’s case, generational replacement—all act to mediate these differences. The profile of the Afghan man who would hold liberal gender role attitudes is an educated urbanite, non-Sunni or non-Pashtun, who believes in the compatibility of democracy and Islam, trusts outsiders, has exposure to the formal media, and would extend equal rights to all irrespective of gender, religion, or ethnicity. That of the woman is of a younger, educated urbanite, non-Pashtun, who believes in the compatibility of democracy and Islam, trusts outsiders, has exposure to the formal media, and would extend equal rights to all regardless of gender, religion, or ethnicity.
Support From Hospital to Home for Elders: A Randomized Trial

Author(s): Goldman, L Elizabeth; Sarkar, Urmimala; Kessell, Eric; Guzman, David; Schneidermann, Michelle; Pierluissi, Edgar; Walter, Barbara; Vittinghoff, Eric; Critchfield, Jeff; Kushel, Margot | Abstract: BackgroundHospitals are implementing discharge support programs to reduce readmissions, and these programs have had mixed success.ObjectiveTo examine whether a peridischarge, nurse-led intervention decreased emergency department (ED) visits or readmissions among ethnically and linguistically diverse older patients admitted to a safety-net hospital.DesignRandomized, controlled trial using computer-generated randomization with 1:1 allocation, stratified by language. (Clinical Trials.gov: NCT01221532).SettingPublicly funded urban hospital in Northern California.PatientsHospitalized adults aged 55 years or older with anticipated discharge to the community who spoke English, Spanish, or Chinese (Mandarin or Cantonese).InterventionUsual care versus in-hospital, one-on-one, self-management education given by a dedicated language-concordant registered nurse combined with a telephone follow-up after discharge from a nurse practitioner.MeasurementsStaff blinded to the study groups determined ED visits or readmissions to any facility at 30, 90, and 180 days after initial hospital discharge using administrative data from several hospitals.ResultsThere were 700 low-income, ethnically and linguistically diverse patients with a mean age of 66.2 years (SD, 9.0). The primary outcome of ED visits or readmissions did not differ between the intervention and usual care groups (hazard ratio, 1.26 [95% CI, 0.89 to 1.78] at 30 days, 1.21 [CI, 0.91 to 1.62] at 90 days, and 1.11 [CI, 0.86 to 1.43] at 180 days).LimitationsThis study was done at a single acute-care hospital. There were fewer outcomes than expected, which may have caused the study to be underpowered.ConclusionA nurse-led, in-hospital discharge support intervention did not show a reduction in readmissions or ED visits among diverse, low-income older adults at a safety-net hospital. Although wide CIs preclude firm conclusions, the intervention may have increased ED visits. Alternative readmission prevention strategies should be tested in this population.Primary funding sourceGordon and Betty Moore Foundation.
Does Increasing Ovum Donor Compensation Lead to Differences in Donor Characteristics

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the effects of a compensation increase for anonymous ovum donors on demographic and social characteristics. Design: Retrospective analysis. Setting: The Mount Sinai Medical Center Ovum Donation Program. Patient(s): All program applicants for 2 years preceding (group I, n = 2,934) and 1 year following an increase in donor compensation (group II, n=1,114; total N=4,048). Intervention(s): Compensation was increased from $2,500 to $5,000 per cycle. Main Outcome Measure(s): Demographic and social characteristics of applicants and donors. Result(s): More group II applicants (65.7%) than group I applicants (49.2%) returned an initial biographical questionnaire. Compensation level did not affect the percentage rejected at any stage in the application process or ultimately selected. There were no differences in donors in age, marital status, education, race, religion, or psychological profile. Group II donors had more previous pregnancies (group II mean=1.2, group I mean=0.6) and previous abortions (group II mean=0.8, group I mean=0.4). Conclusion(s): Increasing compensation may result in a higher percentage of potential donors completing an initial questionnaire but does not alter the demographic and social characteristics of selected donors. Adherence to a rigorous applicant screening ensures that donor characteristics remain independent from compensation.
Qualified privilege: A defense for the public relations function

Abstract Technology continues to challenge the public relations practitioner to find ways to inform key constituents. The new technology has given rise to the “new journalism” that includes a declining traditional media and exploding internet media filled with websites and bloggers. The question posed by this research asks: Does the public relations practitioner inherit the same protection offered by “qualified privilege” that is most often associated with the traditional “press” or “reporter?” The research lays a foundation with an examination of defamation and the defense of qualified privilege. The research concludes that if information gathered by the public relations practitioner meets the “intent” and “content” tests, the information qualifies as news. Passing the “news” test, the defense of “qualified privilege” also attaches to the public relations practitioner.
Innervation of the pineal gland in the rat: An HRP study

Abstract Injections of horseradish peroxidase were made (a) stereotaxically and (b) directly (surgically exposed) into the pineal gland of Sprague-Dawley and Long-Evans rats weighing 30 to 500 g (20 to 130 days of age). Retrogradely labeled cells were seen in the superior cervical ganglia. Anterogradely labeled fibers were observed within the pineal stalk, lamina intercalaris, and the medial habenular nuclei. Terminal fields were identified in lamina intercalaris and medial habenular nuclei. Labeled cells were not seen within the central nervous system. These results suggest that in the rat the pineal gland is not centrally innervated but in fact is innervated solely by the sympathetic postganglionic fibers.
Ethnic Identity: Its Relationship to Ethnic and Contemporary Dress:

An ethnic identity is reflected through intrinsic and extrinsic traits which also may be associated with other ethnic behaviors. This study investigated ethnic identity as it relates to traditional ethnic dress patterns, and use of ethnic reference persons and ethnic market sources as information on contemporary dress. A sample of 117 students identifying with one of seven ethnic heritages was analyzed as a pooled group with separate analyses for the Chinese and Japanese. Analyses included Spearman rho correlations and the Mann-Whitney U test. Results indicated a relationship between ethnic identity and ethnic dress usage. Individuals with higher ethnic identities used family, ethnics other than family, ethnic fashion magazines, and ethnic fashion shows as sources of information on dress; however, the relationship with ethnic identity and the use of these sources varied according to ethnic heritage.
Efficient and quantitative high-throughput tRNA sequencing

Despite its biological importance, tRNA has not been adequately sequenced by standard methods because of its abundant post-transcriptional modifications and stable structure, which interfere with cDNA synthesis. We achieved efficient and quantitative tRNA sequencing in HEK293T cells by using engineered demethylases to remove base methylations and a highly processive thermostable group II intron reverse transcriptase to overcome these obstacles. Our method, DM-tRNA-seq, should be applicable to investigations of tRNA in all organisms.
Signal processing of white-light interferometric low-finesse fiber-optic Fabry–Perot sensors

Signal processing for low-finesse fiber-optic Fabry-Perot sensors based on white-light interferometry is investigated. The problem is demonstrated as analogous to the parameter estimation of a noisy, real, discrete harmonic of finite length. The Cramer-Rao bounds for the estimators are given, and three algorithms are evaluated and proven to approach the bounds. A long-standing problem with these types of sensors is the unpredictable jumps in the phase estimation. Emphasis is made on the property and mechanism of the "total phase" estimator in reducing the estimation error, and a varying phase term in the total phase is identified to be responsible for the unwanted demodulation jumps. The theories are verified by simulation and experiment. A solution to reducing the probability of jump is demonstrated.