cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Emerging Computer Media: On Image Interaction

Emerging technologies such as inexpensive, powerful local computing, optical digital videodiscs, and the technologies of human-machine interaction are initiating a revolution in both image storage systems and image interaction systems. This paper will present a review of new approaches to computer media predicated upon three dimensional position sensing, speech recognition, and high density image storage. Examples will be shown such as the Spatial Data Management Systems wherein the free use of place results in intuitively clear retrieval systems and potentials for image association; the Movie-Map, wherein inherently static media generate dynamic views of data, and conferencing work-in-progress wherein joint processing is stressed. Application to medical imaging will be suggested, but the primary emphasis is on the general direction of imaging and reference systems. We are passing the age of simple possibility of computer graphics and image porcessing and entering the age of ready usability.© (1982) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Dilution and Storage of Botulinum Toxin

background.There has been an ongoing controversy as to the best dilution for botulinum toxin for use in cosmetic applications. Recommended dilutions have ranged from 1 ml per vial to 10 ml per vial. There has also been much discussion on the diluent, i.e., preserved versus unpreserved saline, to be
Photoemission Study of the Electronic Structure of Wurtzite CdSe and CdS

Wurtzite CdSe and CdS electronic structure determined by study of photoemitted electron energy distribution, noting electron-electron scattering effects
Experimentally manipulating race: Perceptions of police brutality in an arrest: A research note

This study was designed to test, in a controlled setting, the effects of racial identity of the police on perceptions of police brutality. We produced three videotapes, each showing a black male suspect being arrested by two police officers whose racial identity was varied. One version of the tape then was viewed by each randomly assigned subject, 28 white and 33 black college students. Subjects' perceptions of violence and illegality were influenced by the officers' racial identity: Both black and white subjects were significantly more likely to see violence and illegality when both arresting officers were white. Implications for social policy and future research were discussed.
Fulvene Dialdehyde Strategy for adj-Dicarbaporphyrinoid Synthesis: Preparation of a 22-Carbaazuliporphyrin

Aromatic aldehydes, including azulenecarbaldehydes, have been shown to react with an indene enamine derivative in the presence of dibutylboron triflate to give stable fulvene aldehydes. 1,3-Azulenedicarbaldehyde afforded a fulvene dialdehyde under these conditions, and this reacted with a dipyrrylmethane to give a 22-carbaazuliporphyrin. This adj-dicarbaporphyrinoid showed significant diatropic character, and protonation afforded an aromatic C-protonated dication.
A study: Will waiting room time be reduced when the redesigned preliminary workup is performed by a certified ophthalmic technician?

Abstract The primary source of patient dissatisfaction in ophthalmic clinics is waiting room time. At one clinic, a study was conducted to determine whether redesignating preliminary workup tasks affected waiting room time. Previously, technicians and the ophthalmic registered nurse performed workups by taking histories, checking vision, reading glasses, performing refractions, conducting tonometry and slit lamp examinations, and dilating patients' eyes. Because the technicians' refractions were often inaccurate, the nurse or the doctor had to redo the refraction, prolonging waiting room times. Workup tasks, beginning with refractions, were transferred from the technicians to the nurse, which increased patient satisfaction and staff efficiency. (Insight - the Journal of the American Society of Ophthalmic Registered Nurses 2000;25:39–43.)
Multiple Plane-Wave Analysis of Acousto-Optic Diffraction by Adjacent Ultrasonic Beams of Frequency Ratio 1:m

Multiple plane-wave scattering techniques are extended to analyze the diffraction of light by adjacent ultrasonics of frequency ratio 1:m to include the near-Raman–Nath regime. This is done first by modifying the existing theory, developed for the diffraction of light by sound at frequency Ω, to the general case of light–sound (frequency mΩ) interaction and thereafter deriving the coupled equations for the diffracted orders in each sound column. Results for some special cases are compared with previously published work.
Cooperative binding of a complement component to antigen-antibody complexes. II. Effect of variations in temperature and ionic strength.

Abstract Cooperative binding of the first component of guinea pig complement (C1) to complexes of rabbit IgG anti-DNP antibody with DNP-erythrocytes is observed at ionic strength 0·094 both at 0°C and at 19.6°C, and at 0°C at ionic strengths of 0·121 and 0·150. Changes in the binding curves which occur under these conditions can be accounted for in terms of changes in the constants in the allosteric equation of Monod et al . (1965) which describes the system. The reduction of C 1 binding to antigen-antibody complexes observed when ionic strength is raised from 0·094 to 0·150 is due to a decrease in the number of available C 1 binding sites, not to a decrease in C 1 binding affinity.
QuanTM: a quantitative trust management system

Quantitative Trust Management (QTM) provides a dynamic interpretation of authorization policies for access control decisions based on upon evolving reputations of the entities involved. QuanTM, a QTM system, selectively combines elements from trust management and reputation management to create a novel method for policy evaluation. Trust management, while effective in managing access with delegated credentials (as in PolicyMaker and KeyNote), needs greater flexibility in handling situations of partial trust. Reputation management provides a means to quantify trust, but lacks delegation and policy enforcement.This paper reports on QuanTM's design decisions and novel policy evaluation procedure. A representation of quantified trust relationships, the trust dependency graph, and a sample QuanTM application specific to the KeyNote trust management language, are also proposed.
Experimental myotonia and hypocholesterolemic agents.

Abstract Three hypocholesterolemic agents which inhibit cholesterol biosynthesis at different stages were administered to rats, and changes in plasma and muscle sterols, erythrocyte membrane (Na + + K + )-ATPase activity and electromyography were measured. Myotonia was induced in rats treated with triparanol (MER-29) and 20,25-diazacholesterol. These drugs block Δ 24 -reductase and cause the accumulation of desmosterol in plasma and muscle. The (Na + + K + )-ATPase activity of the erythrocyte membranes isolated from rats treated with 20,25-diazacholesterol or triparanol was increased. Rats treated with AY9944, a drug which inhibits Δ 7 -reductase and causes the accumulation of 7-dehydrocholesterol but not desmosterol, did not become myotonic. No significant changes in the erythrocyte membrane ATPase activities of these rats were observed. These results support the hypothesis that desmosterol accumulation in muscle is the cause of myotonia induced by 20,25-diazacholesterol and triparanol.
Time-Dependent Elastic Properties and Lattice Temperature of the Photoexcited Iron Oxide Nanocrystals

Time-dependent elastic properties and lattice temperature of the photoexcited superparamagnetic iron oxide (Fe 3 O 4 ) nanocrystals were investigated by pump/probe transient absorption measurements. Information on the elastic property and lattice temperature of the photoexcited nanocrystals was obtained from the period of coherent acoustic phonon. From the excitation fluence-dependent measurement of the coherent phonon period, initial temperature rise due to the photoexcitation was estimated. From the two-pump/probe transient absorption measurement, where the first pump heated the lattice and the time-delayed second pump generated coherent phonon, time dependence of the lattice temperature was also investigated. Implication of knowledge on the lattice heating and cooling on the study of the magnetization dynamics of the photoexcited magnetic nanocrystals was discussed.
Covariation of Adolescent Physical Activity and Dietary Behaviors Over 12 Months

Purpose This study examined covariation among changes in dietary, physical activity, and sedentary behaviors over 12 months among adolescents participating in a health behavior intervention. Evidence of covariation among behaviors would suggest multi-behavior interventions could have synergistic effects.
Multiphoton dissociation of GeH4: Ultraviolet emission spectrum of GeH

The ultraviolet emission spectrum of GeH has been examined following the two photon‐initiated dissociation of germane (GeH4) at 248 nm. The most prominent peaks lying between ∼250 and 340 nm are tentatively assigned to B 2Σ(v′=0)→X 2Π1/2,3/2 (v′) transitions. From this premise, the vibrational constants for the X 2Π states have been estimated to be ωe=(1949±5) cm−1, ωexe=16.5±2.0 cm−1, and ωeye=(0.7±0.3) cm−1. Also, the radiative lifetime of the lowest vibrational levels of the GeH A 2Δ state in transitions to ground has been measured to be 12±2 ns.
36. Prevalence and Characteristics of the DSM-5 Proposed Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder in a Cohort of Young Eating Disordered Patients in Day Treatment

pected weight gain at one year for each site. Results: Of 590 patients at intake, 86% were female, mean age 15.3 years 2.4 SD,with 89%white non-Hispanic. Themedian duration of illness before intake was 9 months (25th percentile-75th percentile; 5-15), and 12.7% had HLOC before intake. 50% were diagnosed as AN, 36% asAtypAN, and14% asARFID.Menweremore likely thanwomen to have ARFID (p 0.016). Weight analysis included only the 206 (of 590) patients who were 90% MBW at intake and had a 1-year follow-up visit, the remaining patients were excluded. Of these 206 patients, 64% (95% CI; 57%, 70%) were weight restored to or 90%MBW at follow-up. Unadjusted weight restoration did not vary significantly between programs (Range: 50.0%-78.9%). Univariate logistic regression analyses demonstrate that weight restoration was associated with younger age (p 0.009), higher %MBW (p 0.0001), shorter duration of illness (p 0.04), and lack of previous HLOC (p 0.01) at intake. Weight restoration was positively associated with family based treatment (FBT) (p 0.03), but not HLOC (p 0.50) during the treatment year. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that younger age (p 0.005) and higher %MBW (p 0.002) were significant predictors of weight restoration when controlling for gender, diagnosis, duration of illness, HLOC, and FBT during the year. Risk adjusted analyses for age, gender, diagnosis, %MBW at intake, and duration of illness at intake showed no program had significantly higher rates of weight restoration. Conclusions: This analysis showed high rates of weight restoration for all three restrictive ED diagnoses and no significant difference between the 10 Adolescent Medicine-based programs. Younger age, shorter duration of illness before intake, and higher %MBW at intake all predicted improvedweight outcomes at one year. At the bivariate level, FBT during the treatment year predicted improved weight outcome, but was not significant in the multivariate model due to possible overlap with other predictors. Emphasis on early detection and treatment of restrictive ED patients to minimize duration of illness before intake might enhance health outcomes. Sources of Support: LEAH-#T71MC00009, LEAH-#6-T71MC0000821-01,MCHB,HRSA.
Dynamics of Antimatter-Atom Collisions

Classical-trajectory Monte Carlo calculations have been used to study ionizing collisions between charged particles ($p,\overline{p},{e}^{+},{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$) and He atoms at an incident velocity of 2.83 a.u. While differences in the total single-ionization cross sections for these projectiles are small, our calculations reveal large effects at all angles in the ionized electron spectra, and provide qualitative evidence for a Barkas effect in $p$ and $\overline{p}$ collisions. Experimental data agree well with our fully classical calculations, including cross sections involving ejected electrons of long wavelength.
Electromechanical properties of fine-grain, 0.7 Pb(Mg/sub 1/3/Nb/sub 2/3/)O/sub 3/-0.3PbTiO/sub 3/ ceramics

A fine grain, relaxor-based piezoelectric ceramic 0.7 Pb(Mg/sub 1/3/Nb/sub 2/3/)O/sub 3/-0.3PbTiO/sub 3/ (PMN-30% PT) has been investigated, which was fabricated using the columbite precursor method. The complete set of electromechanical properties of the piezoceramic at room temperature is determined using a combination of ultrasonic and resonance techniques. This fine-grain ceramic (grain size /spl les/ 2.5 /spl mu/m) exhibits ultra-high dielectric permittivity (/spl epsi//sub 33//sup T/ //spl epsi//sub 0/ /spl sim/ 7000) and a high coupling coefficient k/sub 33/ (= 0.78). Ultrasonic spectroscopy was used to measure the dispersion of the phase velocity and attenuation for the longitudinal wave propagating in the poling direction. Lower attenuation and smaller velocity dispersion were observed compared to modified Pb(Zr/sub x/Ti/sub 1-x/)O/sub 3/ (PZT-5H) ceramics. The measurement results show that this fine-grain PMN-30% PT ceramic is a very good material for making ultrasonic array transducers.
Fluorescence and kinetic properties of Ru(III) (NH3)5 modified transferrin.

Abstract Diferric transferrin was modified using aquopentaammine ruthenium(II), a reagent for surface-accessible uncoordinated histidines. Introduction of the cationic Ru(III) (NH 3 ) 5 3+ group on the imidazole of only 5.5 of the 17 uncoordinated histidines enhances the rates of pyrophosphate-assisted iron removal from the N-terminal and C-terminal binding sites by 16- and 2-fold, respectively. This differential effect on the kinetics of the two sites may partially explain why in the native protein the N-terminal site is more labile than the C-terminal site in acidic solutions where histidine residues become positively charged through protonation. The distance between the metal site and nearby uncoordinated histidines was estimated from fluorescence energy transfer measurements using Tb (III) as the donor and pentaammine ruthenium(III)-labeled imidazole of histidine as the acceptor chromophore, A Tsou Chen-Lu statistical analysis of the fluorescence quenching data suggest that two residues in each lobe of the protein are involved in quenching the fluorescence. By using estimates for the index of refraction and the quantum yield and assuming the energy transfer follows parallel first-order kinetics, an upper limit for the donor-acceptor distance of about 1.4 nm was obtained, assuming two uncoordinated histidine residues equidistant from the metal. His-207 and His-242 in the N-terminal lobe of transferrin and His-535 and His-577 in the C-terminal lobe are within this distance, based on information from the lactoferrin crystal structure. It is postulated that His-207 in the N-terminal lobe and His-535 in the C-terminal lobe are the uncoordinated residues that, when protonated or modified with Ru(III) (NH 3 ) 5 3+ , lead to accelerated loss of iron from the two binding sites of the protein.
Cotton Fiber Imperfections and Their Probable Relation to Yarn Quality

In this paper the common imperfections occurring in cotton fibers have been studied in order to determine (1) the growth factors contributing to the formation of such imperfec tions and (2) the importance of imperfections as factors which contribute to neppiness in spun cotton.An analysis was made of several hundred neps occurring in both carded and combed yarns which showed that they were composed of ten different elements. Although there is no con clusive proof that fiber imperfections are the cause of such neps it is shown that more neps contain immature fibers than any other element. It is also shown that fibers of large diameter and deformities are factors which contribute to neppiness and thus to spinning difficulties in greater proportion than their prevalence in cotton would indicate.
Vasodepressor Hormones (Kinins) in Blood Pressure Regulation

There are many mechanisms by which blood pressure can be regulated. These mechanisms interact in a complex fashion with each other to maintain blood pressure homeostasis.
Comparison of symbol-rate detector and radiometer intercept receiver performances in a nonstationary environment

The performances of radiometer and DMR (delay and multiply receiver) intercept receivers have been compared. Examples showing the detectability of direct sequence spread spectrum versus spreading ratio and noise fluctuation are given. Comparisons are also made between communicator performance and interceptor performance. It is shown that the DMR can give superior performance in an environment with nonstationary interference. This is achieved at the cost of higher complexity at the detector. Some of this performance gain can be nullified if the communicator uses filtering to defeat the DMR. Which detector is most appropriate depends on the target signal and the cost complexity trade. >
The effect of regional variations of the trabecular bone properties on the compressive strength of human vertebral bodies

Cancellous centrum is a major component of the vertebral body and significantly contributes to its structural strength and fracture risk. We hypothesized that the variability of cancellous bone properties in the centrum is associated with vertebral strength. Microcomputed tomography (micro-CT)-based gray level density (GLD), bone volume fraction (BV/TV), and finite element modulus (E) were examined for different regions of the trabecular centrum and correlated with vertebral body strength determined experimentally. Two sets of images in the cancellous centrum were digitally prepared from micro-CT images of eight human vertebral bodies (T10–L5). One set included a cubic volume (1 per vertebral centrum, n = 8) in which the largest amount of cancellous material from the centrum was included but all the shell materials were excluded. The other set included cylindrical volumes (6 per vertebral centrum, n = 48) from the anterior (4 regions: front, center, left, and right of the midline of vertebra) and the posterior (2 regions: left and right) regions of the centrum. Significant positive correlations of vertebral strength with GLD (r 2 = 0.57, p = 0.03) and E (r 2 = 0.63, p = 0.02) of the whole centrum and with GLD (r 2 = 0.65, p = 0.02), BV/TV (r 2 = 0.72, p = 0.01) and E (r 2 = 0.85, p = 0.001) of the central region of the vertebral centrum were found. Vertebral strength decreased with increasing coefficient of variation of GLD, BV/TV, and E calculated from subregions of the vertebral centrum. The values of GLD, BV/TV, and E in centrum were significantly smaller for the anterior region than for the posterior region. Overall, these findings supported the significant role of regional variability of centrum properties in determining the whole vertebral strength.
Reactions in Eucryptite-Based Lithium Aluminum Silicates

The reaction sequence to synthesize β-eucryptite, LiAlSiO4, from the raw ingredients SiO2, Li2CO3, and Al2O3 was studied using thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction techniques. Reactions were examined by heating the raw ingredients as two-component and three-component mixtures in air, then cooling for phase analysis. In some cases, cyclic heating was performed to ensure a complete reaction. It was found that a complex sequence of reactions involving several intermediate phases occurs. The single oxides (SiO2 and Al2O3) react with Li2CO3 to form the binary oxides (Li2Si2O5, Li2SiO3, and LiAlO2); SiO2 reacts with Li2CO3 before Al2O3. Subsequently, the binary oxides form ternary oxides (LiAlSi2O6 and LiAlSiO4). Finally, the ternary oxides form the equilibrium product, β-eucryptite (LiAlSiO4). These reactions are discussed in the context of the thermodynamic properties of the various compounds.
Developing a model to understand reengineering project success

As more organizations are undertaking reengineering projects, project failure and associated riskiness is increased. This research shows that success was present although failure was reported in some companies. This paper identifies the factors that contribute to business process reengineering (BPR) success. It defines reengineering and develops a research model based upon over 1250 relevant journal articles. The research plan is to conduct surveys, generate case studies and build tool modules. The results of the Australian survey administered to 58 managers, government officials and military leaders indicate that 76% of the respondents were participating in a new reengineering project. It was found that a very small percentage of executives defined a BPR vision or spent time planning for the strategic ramifications of the reengineering project. After the projects had been investigated it was also found that the use of metrics was minimal. Future research directions include a cross-cultural analysis of survey data, validation of the research model using second-generation multivariate techniques, and an examination of case data for qualitative richness.
Epidermal Growth Factor Enhances Cellular TATA Binding Protein Levels and Induces RNA Polymerase I- and III-Dependent Gene Activity

TATA binding protein (TBP) is a central transcription factor used by all three cellular RNA polymerases. Changes in the levels of TBP have been shown to have selective effects on gene activity. Overexpression of TBP has been recently shown to contribute to cellular transformation, and elevated levels of TBP occur in a clinically significant proportion of human colon tumors relative to matched normal tissue. To understand the mechanisms by which TBP is regulated, we have analyzed whether activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a membrane-bound tyrosine receptor kinase that is activated in a large number of human cancers, can serve to regulate cellular TBP. We show that treatment of mouse epidermal cells with EGF produces an increase in TBP levels, which can be blocked with an EGFR-specific inhibitor. In contrast, TBP levels remain unchanged after EGF treatment of EGFR null cells. EGF-mediated increases in TBP are regulated at the transcriptional level, as transient expression of the human TBP promoter is induced with EGF. This regulatory event is dependent upon the downstream activation of Ras and requires the activation of p38, JNK, and ERK mitogen-activated protein kinases. The consequence of elevated TBP on gene expression was further determined. Transcription by RNA polymerase (Pol) I and III was induced by EGF. Directly overexpressing TBP also stimulated transcription from these promoters. Thus, we have identified a new and important target of EGFR signaling, TBP, that contributes to EGF-mediated stimulation of RNA Pol I- and III-dependent gene activity. Since the cellular levels of the products of these genes, tRNAs and rRNAs, determine the translational capacity of cells, this event may be an important contributor to the transforming function of EGF.
The Role of External Evaluators in Educational Projects and Programs

This article examines the benefits of including a trained external evaluator on educational research projects and programs. The argument is presented that, when projects or programs impact educational policy or decision making, assessment and evaluation should be guided by a systematic plan implemented by a trained evaluator.
Nesiritide for the treatment of decompensated heart failure.

Heart failure is the leading cause of hospitalizations in the USA, and is associated with significant morbidity, mortality and resource utilization. Established therapies for chronic heart failure have been shown to improve outcomes, but treatment for decompensated heart failure remains largely empiric. Nesiritide (Natrecor®) is a synthetic analog of human B-type natriuretic peptide, a peptide released by the ventricular myocardium in response to increased wall tension. The physiologic effects of human B-type natriuretic peptide include natriuresis, vasodilation and neurohormonal modulation. In clinical trials, nesiritide has been shown to decrease cardiac filling pressures, increase cardiac index, and improve the clinical status of patients with acute decompensated heart failure. Compared with other available intravenous agents for heart failure, nesiritide is effective, generally well-tolerated with few adverse effects, and does not require invasive monitoring during administration. Nesiritide has prove...
Reducing the Matthew Effect: Lessons from the "ExCELL" Head Start Intervention.

Evidence shows that the Matthew effect is a persistent problem among early education interventions. The current study examined the degree to which the ExCELL (Exceptional Coaching for Early Language and Literacy) language and literacy professional development intervention for Head Start preschool teachers, shown in prior research to improve teacher quality and increase preschoolers’ vocabulary skills, narrowed the vocabulary disparities between children with higher and lower knowledge at preschool entry. Research Findings: Results of a randomized control trial showed that the ExCELL program was more effective than a business-as-usual Head Start model at increasing the skills of children with the most limited vocabulary and reducing the Matthew effect, closing the gap between children with the lowest and highest initial vocabulary skills over the preschool year. Moreover, classroom instructional process quality in ExCELL settings was a key factor in this achievement. Practice or Policy: When teachers are t...
CONNECTION OF PARABOLIC MASS AND WIDTH TRAJECTORIES WITH HIGH-ENERGY SCATTERING.

An infinite sequence of direct-channel resonances is explicitly summed by the Sommerfeld-Watson method. This is quite different from the problem heretofore considered of summing $t$-channel resonances and requires different physical assumptions. In fact, the "parabolic" mass trajectory ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{J}\ensuremath{\propto}J$ and a slow growth of width (on resonance) ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{J}\ensuremath{\propto}J$ as $J\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty}$ are necessary to reproduce in the Regge limit the form $\mathrm{const}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{J}_{\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\lambda}}(R\sqrt{\ensuremath{-}t})$, $R\ensuremath{\equiv}\mathrm{interaction}\mathrm{range}$, $\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\lambda}\ensuremath{\equiv}\mathrm{total}\mathrm{helicity}\mathrm{change}$, for the imaginary part of this (nondiffractive) part of the c.m. two-body reaction amplitude, in agreement with experiment, and Harari's qualitative theory, for $\ensuremath{\pi}N$ and $\mathrm{KN}$ entrance channels. The above width ansatz is of central importance in the derivation and is also experimentally supported. Linear and parabolic mass trajectories in the direct channel are compared. Small $s$-dependent deviations from fixed crossover $\ensuremath{-}t\ensuremath{\approx}0.2$ ${(\mathrm{G}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{V}/\mathit{c})}^{2}$ and first dip $\ensuremath{-}t\ensuremath{\approx}0.6$ ${(\mathrm{G}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{V}/\mathit{c})}^{2}$ points are predicted.
Analysis of Natural and Induced Variation in Tomato Glandular Trichome Flavonoids Identifies a Gene Not Present in the Reference Genome

Flavonoids are ubiquitous plant aromatic specialized metabolites found in a variety of cell types and organs. Methylated flavonoids are detected in secreting glandular trichomes of various Solanum species, including the cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Inspection of the sequenced S. lycopersicum Heinz 1706 reference genome revealed a close homolog of Solanum habrochaites MOMT1 3'/5' myricetin O-methyltransferase gene, but this gene (Solyc06g083450) is missing the first exon, raising the question of whether cultivated tomato has a distinct 3' or 3'/5' O-methyltransferase. A combination of mining genome and cDNA sequences from wild tomato species and S. lycopersicum cultivar M82 led to the identification of Sl-MOMT4 as a 3' O-methyltransferase. In parallel, three independent ethyl methanesulfonate mutants in the S. lycopersicum cultivar M82 background were identified as having reduced amounts of di- and trimethylated myricetins and increased monomethylated myricetin. Consistent with the hypothesis that Sl-MOMT4 is a 3' O-methyltransferase gene, all three myricetin methylation defective mutants were found to have defects in MOMT4 sequence, transcript accumulation, or 3'-O-methyltransferase enzyme activity. Surprisingly, no MOMT4 sequence is found in the Heinz 1706 reference genome sequence, and this cultivar accumulates 3-methyl myricetin and is deficient in 3'-methyl myricetins, demonstrating variation in this gene among cultivated tomato varieties.
Influence of Suspending Liquid, Impactor Type, and Substrate on Size-Selective Sampling of MS2 and Adenovirus Aerosols

Size-selective sampling methods for detecting viral aerosols are needed to assess the risk of airborne transmission of disease. Andersen and MOUDI nonviable cascade impactors were used to separate test aerosols containing MS2 bacteriophage or adenovirus into size fractions spanning much of the human respirable range. Culture-based methods and a fluorescent tracer dye allowed quantification of the viral particles that remained infective after being aerosolized into a test apparatus and collected by the impactors. In addition, various suspension fluids and impaction surfaces were evaluated for their effect on virus viability. Both the Andersen and MOUDI impactors were able to sample live viruses from test aerosols, although the relative recovery rate of MS2 was higher than adenovirus (P < 0.001). The MS2 and adenovirus aerosols were sensitive to different test factors. MS2 recovery was dependent on the suspension fluid (P < 0.0001) and RH (P = 0.001), whereas adenovirus recovery was dependent on aerodynamic...
Formation of zinc oxide nanoparticles in supercritical water

Abstract Supercritical water provides an excellent reaction medium for hydrothermal synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles. In this work, zinc oxide nanoparticles are produced by oxidation of zinc acetate in supercritical water in a continuous tubular reactor. Less than 1 min is enough for the reaction to occur, and the temperatures are much lower than in the flame combustion or zinc evaporation processes. Effect of flow rates and feed concentrations are studied. Based on transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering analyses, spherical zinc oxide particles are obtained in the range 39–320 nm.
“My Teacher Helps Me”: Assessing Teacher-Child Relationships From the Child’s Perspective

ABSTRACTThe current study is one of the first to investigate children’s perceptions of quality in teacher-child relationships using a narrative measure. It is also one of the first studies to investigate how the child’s report is associated with the teacher’s report and with an observer’s report of quality in teacher-child interactions. Participants included 45 students and nine teachers in preschool, kindergarten, and 1st-grade classrooms. Results indicated the child’s report of teacher support was positively associated with the emotional support observed in the classroom but was not significantly associated with the teacher’s report of relationship quality. Child language and gender were associated with quality in teacher-child relationships, but child ethnicity was not. Girls and children with higher language scores reported receiving more support from their teachers. This study has important implications for teachers and for research. The child’s report provides a unique perspective on teacher-child r...
Modelling Electromagnetic Field Sensors

Sensors may use the attenuation, velocity and electrical dispersion of electromagnetic waves as a direct or intermediate step in the transduction process. Modelling the sensor response provides the means to predict its spatial and temporal sensitivity and accuracy. The modelling may use differential or integral equation techniques. Each method has situations where its advantages dominate. As an example, a typical integral equation solution is described, along with discussion of cell size and shape considerations and selection of an appropriate basis function.
Prolactin hyperstimulation in response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in patients with endometriosis

In order to clarify the role of hyperprolactinemia as a possible cause of infertility in patients with endometriosis, baseline serum prolactin (PRL) concentrations and the PRL response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulation were measured in 14 infertile women with endometriosis and in 13 normal, fertile women. Baseline PRL concentrations were 2-fold greater in the endometriosis group than in normal subjects, but the mean values did not differ significantly. Following TRH administration, a significant increase in peak PRL concentrations was observed in patients with endometriosis (211.5±34.9ng/ml) when compared with corresponding values in control subjects (117.1±14.9ng/ml, P
Global Webs of Knowledge: Education, Science, and Technology

Knowledge is globally institutionalized as three differentiated and interpenetrating social institutions: education as a social institution for transmitting humankind's existing knowledge, science as a social institution for creating new knowledge that becomes a global public good, and technology as a social institution for creating new knowledge that becomes privately appropriated. These three social institutions are governed by a global regime that is anchored in a web of organizations that through an epistemic community of analysts of knowledge, formulates and promulgates policies for knowledge. In education, the regime promotes transmission of existing knowledge to youth through schooling and also through the movement of students around the world. In science, the regime supports creation and diffusion of new knowledge around the world through open publication. In technology, the regime promotes private appropriation of new knowledge through property rights in the form of patenting, which is increasing...
Structural Diversity in 1,3-Bis(m-cyanophenyl)urea

Hydrogen bonding between 1,3-bis ureas is a commonly used motif in the assembly of supramolecular structures such as gels, capsules and crystals. The title compound, 1,3-bis(m-cyanophenyl)urea (mCyPU), has previously been shown to crystallize in both an anhydrous and monohydrate phase (α and H–I). An expanded search for polymorphs and cocrystals of mCyPU revealed a much greater diversity of solid forms including three additional polymorphs (β, δ, e), a second hydrate (H–II) and two cocrystal phases with dimethyl sulfoxide and triphenylphosphine oxide. Analysis of the single crystal structures obtained in this study shows that the typical 1-dimensional H-bonding between 1,3-bis urea groups is disrupted by the presence of other H-bond acceptors including cyano, water, sulfoxide and phosphine oxide functionalities. Re-examination of α-mCyPU additionally showed both blade and plate-like morphologies could be obtained from different growth solvents, with crystals of the latter morphology exhibiting a grain bou...
Mating Status of Tobacco Bud worm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Males Captured in Pheromone Traps Compared with Males and Females Collected at Night by Hand

Mating status of males of the tobacco bud worm, Heliothis mrescens (F.), captured in pheromone traps was compared with that of males and females from nocturnal collections made by hand. The frequency of virgin males captured in traps before the mating period was similar seasonally and nightly to that of males collected by hand; thus, as far as mating status is concerned, males captured in traps appear to represent the insect population. However, pheromone traps did not capture males that had emerged or mated previously the same night. The frequency of virgin males decreased during the night but increased with season for both those collected by hand and in traps. The frequency of virgin males from trap capture cycled with peak frequencies occurring at the beginning of a population peak as determined by numbers of males trapped. Based upon the linear relationship between numbers of sperm bundles within the duplex and time, the average weekly age of virgin males also cycled over the duration of the study, ranging from 1 to 4 d. The oldest virgin males were trapped in the spring, just before the first population peak, which may indicate a spring inl:luxof moths.
Habitat Specialization and Foraging Behavior by Birds of Amazonian River Islands in Northeastern Peru

Etude de l'habitat et du comportement alimentaire de 31 especes utilisant deux iles de la Napo River (Perou)
Supramolecular assemblies of a naturally derived sophorolipid.

Acidic sophorolipid (SL) molecules derived from yeasts represent a novel type of asymmetrical bolaamphiphiles due to their unique structural features that include an asymmetrical polar head size (disaccharide vs COOH), a kinked hydrophobic core (cis-9-octadecenoic chain), and a non-amide polar−nonpolar linkage. Light microscopy, small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering, FT-IR spectroscopy, and dynamic laser light scattering were used to investigate the supramolecular structures of the self-assembled aggregates of SL molecules at different pH values. In acidic conditions (pH < 5.5), giant twisted and helical ribbons of 5−11 μm width and several hundreds of micrometers length were observed for the first time. Increase in solution pH values slowed ribbon formation, decreased ribbon yield, and increased the helicity and entanglements of the giant ribbons. An interdigitated lamellar packing model of acidic SL−COOH molecules with a long period of 2.78 nm, stabilized by both the strong hydrophobic association betw...
Research Funding: the Case for a Modified Lottery

The time-honored mechanism of allocating funds based on ranking of proposals by scientific peer review is no longer effective, because review panels cannot accurately stratify proposals to identify the most meritorious ones. Bias has a major influence on funding decisions, and the impact of reviewer bias is magnified by low funding paylines. Despite more than a decade of funding crisis, there has been no fundamental reform in the mechanism for funding research. This essay explores the idea of awarding research funds on the basis of a modified lottery in which peer review is used to identify the most meritorious proposals, from which funded applications are selected by lottery. We suggest that a modified lottery for research fund allocation would have many advantages over the current system, including reducing bias and improving grantee diversity with regard to seniority, race, and gender.
Into the Embodied inneweard mod of the Old English Boethius

In his translation of Boethius’s De consolatione philosophiae, Alfred imposes corporeal metaphors to describe the inner mind, constructing an embodied consciousness that contradicts the mind–body dualism of his source text. This article argues that Alfred’s Old English Boethius rehabilitates mind–body dualism to the harmony that is promised by Boethian philosophy. I combine theory of mind with philology to read the OE Boethius comparatively alongside its Latin source text. First, I identify Alfred’s metaphorical descriptions of the inner mind as an embodied consciousness, in accordance with modern cognitive theory. Then, analyzing Alfred’s use of the in lexeme, I argue that Old English in denotes motion into an enclosure. Alfred’s depiction of an embodied consciousness subverts dualism by locating the inner mind within a dialectical process that harmonizes the mind with the body. The purpose of this article is to consider one of the ways in which Alfred contributes to Boethian philosophy, and to incite further scholarship of the Old English encoding of spatial concepts and Anglo-Saxon folk psychology.
An Empirical Investigation of the Communication Content in Reputable Management Journals

I used one-way analysis of variance to test mean differences among the occurrences of the five communications (business communication, organizational communication, management communication, corporate communication and technical communication) as content in 39 management and specialized journals across five tiers. I found that among the five communications organizational communication was the only communication subject that differed between tiers 4 and 5. Means also differed among “super-cited” seminal articles, based on a Google Scholar search, and tiers. The occurrences of communication across five journal tiers were statistically the same on four of six null hypotheses tested; therefore, there appears to be no inherent bias in the occurrences of communication content in the management journals.
‘Courage isn’t what it used to be’: Heroism Emerges from the Great War, 1917–1918

The British Army survived the dubious victories of the Somme campaign. The Asquith Coalition did not. From its ashes rose the new coalition of David Lloyd George, with the lean and streamlined War Cabinet of five men at its heart. The Welshman was an opponent of Haig and meant to curb what he considered the reckless excesses of the Western Front.1 Military circumstances, Allied requirements, and the political environment conspired against him, however, placing Haig in an even more autonomous position than he had enjoyed in 1916.
Inside Victim Support Groups

After more than three decades of conflict in Northern Ireland, the country is mourning the loss of around 3,700 lives (McKittrick et al. 2007:13; Fay et al. 1999a, b) and has been left with tens of thousands of physically and psychologically affected surviving victims. These numbers constitute a significant portion of the 1.8 million population. The devastating human impact of the Troubles has led to a situation where the needs of surviving victims must be addressed; a challenging task due to the nature of political and social cleavages in Northern Ireland. While numerous government policies have aimed to address the needs of victims, the bulk of victim support has been left to civil society. In this chapter, I will examine the roles and functions of victim support groups. To do so, I must first address the evolution of social policy as it pertains to victims and the needs of victims and survivors.
Surf Zone Characterization Using a Small Quadcopter: Technical Issues and Procedures

We explore the potential for using a small unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) quadcopter to collect long-dwell imagery of the nearshore from which important measurements can be made at low cost and with flexibility. This paper extends the existing topographic imaging approaches that rely on having plentiful ground control spread across the image, to the nearshore case where the bulk of the image is water with no control point and vehicle metadata must be used. The UAV autopilot was found to be capable of excellent station-keeping with the positional errors of 0.20 and 0.53 m (horizontal and vertical) and the viewing angle errors of 0.25° (tilt and roll) and 0.38° (azimuth). The ground position of imaged objects could be found with 0.21-m accuracy. Metadata returned by the UAV on camera position was accurate at 5 m, and the camera roll could be assumed to be 0°, reducing the ground control requirements to two, or even one location. Even under this extreme simplification, ground position errors averaged only 10 m but were worse for cases when only control points near to the UAV were used. A model for the visual contrast of waves when viewed from different angles found that large tilts are important but, in contrast to theory, that there was little dependence on the viewing azimuthal angle. Derived Argus products agreed well with the same products collected using a traditional fixed Argus station. UAVs appear to be a very promising alternate to fixed camera systems if limited duration sampling is adequate.
Truncated ORF1 proteins can suppress LINE-1 retrotransposition in trans

Long interspersed element 1 (L1) is an autonomous non-LTR retroelement that is active in mammalian genomes. Although retrotranspositionally incompetent and functional L1 loci are present in the same genomes, it remains unknown whether non-functional L1s have any trans effect on mobilization of active elements. Using bioinformatic analysis, we identified over a thousand of human L1 loci containing at least one stop codon in their ORF1 sequence. RNAseq analysis confirmed that many of these loci are expressed. We demonstrate that introduction of equivalent stop codons in the full-length human L1 sequence leads to the expression of truncated ORF1 proteins. When supplied in trans some truncated human ORF1 proteins suppress human L1 retrotransposition. This effect requires the N-terminus and coiled-coil domain (C-C) as mutations within the ORF1p C-C domain abolish the suppressive effect of truncated proteins on L1 retrotransposition. We demonstrate that the expression levels and length of truncated ORF1 proteins influence their ability to suppress L1 retrotransposition. Taken together these findings suggest that L1 retrotransposition may be influenced by coexpression of defective L1 loci and that these L1 loci may reduce accumulation of de novo L1 integration events.
Monolithically Integrated CMOS-SMR Oscillator in 65 nm CMOS Using Custom MPW Die-Level Fabrication Process

Acoustic resonators, such as thin-film solidly mounted resonators (SMRs) and silicon microelectromechanical systems have been used widely in commercial and research RF communication circuits to implement high-Q oscillators and highly selective filters. Monolithic integration is a promising solution to address the growing demand for such components while continuing the aggressive miniaturization of radios. In this paper, we demonstrate successful monolithic SMR-CMOS co-integration by building a high-Q SMR atop a standard 65-nm CMOS substrate using a custom die-level fabrication process. The approach takes advantage of features in the back-end-of-line to deliver the surface smoothness required for fully supported mechanical resonators, which was not possible using traditional process approaches. This paper marks the first demonstration of SMR integration on 65-nm CMOS. The CMOS die used is more than 400% smaller in area than those in the previous die-level demonstrations of monolithically integrated piezoelectric resonators on CMOS. [2016-0192]
A review of Sarcoptes scabiei: past, present and future.

The disease scabies is one of the earliest diseases of humans for which the cause was known. It is caused by the mite, Sarcoptes scabiei, that burrows in the epidermis of the skin of humans and many other mammals. This mite was previously known as Acarus scabiei DeGeer, 1778 before the genus Sarcoptes was established (Latreille 1802) and it became S. scabiei. Research during the last 40 years has tremendously increased insight into the mite’s biology, parasite-host interactions, and the mechanisms it uses to evade the host’s defenses. This review highlights some of the major advancements of our knowledge of the mite’s biology, genome, proteome, and immunomodulating abilities all of which provide a basis for control of the disease. Advances toward the development of a diagnostic blood test to detect a scabies infection and a vaccine to protect susceptible populations from becoming infected, or at least limiting the transmission of the disease, are also presented.