cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of Ethylene Treatment on Polar IAA Transport, Net IAA Uptake and Specific Binding of N-1-Naphthylphthalamic Acid in Tissues and Microsomes Isolated from Etiolated Pea Epicotyls

The effect of ethylene treatment on polar indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) transport, net IAA uptake in the presence and absence of N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA) and [3H]NPA binding characteristics was investigated in tissue segments or microsomes isolated from etiolated pea (Pisum sativum L. cv Alaska) epicotyls. Basipetal IAA transport in 5 millimeter segments isolated from ethylene-treated seedlings was inhibited by ethylene in a dose-dependent manner. Threshold, half-maximal and saturating concentrations of ethylene were 0.01, 0.55, 10.0 microliters per liter, respectively. This inhibition became apparent after 6 to 8 hours of ethylene treatment. Transport velocity in both control and ethylene-treated tissues was estimated to be 5 millimeters per hour. Net IAA uptake was stimulated in ethylene-treated tissues and the relative ability of the phytotropin NPA to enhance net IAA uptake was reduced in treated tissues. Specific binding of [3H]NPA to microsomes prepared from both control and ethylene-treated tissues was saturable and consistent with the existence of a single class of binding sites with an apparent affinity (Kd) toward NPA of 8 to 9 nanomolar. The density of these binding sites (per milligram protein) was lower (36% of control) in ethylene-treated tissues. Direct application of ethylene to microsomal preparations isolated from untreated seedlings had no effect on the level of specific [3H]NPA binding.
Matrix circuit model for an electric double layer capacitor

A mathematical model of an electric double layer capacitor is developed treating the capacitance as a matrix instead of a scalar. Model explicitly demonstrates that when two electrodes are immersed an electrolyte and a potential difference applied, a stable double layer that store energy is created. It is suggested that supercapacitors could be modeled on the basis of capacitance matrices whose elements parameterize the geometry of the porous electrode.
Communication openness with friends, relatives and children of couples having amniocentesis

In a study of couples having amniocentesis for prenatal diagnosis of genetic defects, it was found that couples were open in telling friends and relatives about the procedure. Couples were more conservative, however, in telling their children about amniocentesis and the implications of a positive diagnosis.
Coping mechanisms practised by drought victims (1994/5) in North Bengal, Bangladesh

Abstract Droughts are recurrent features in Bangladesh, affecting plant growth and leading to loss of crop production, food shortages and, for many people, starvation. The main objective of this study is to examine the means by which residents of a drought-affected area of Bangladesh cope with this hazard. Data were collected during the summer of 1995 from 301 drought-affected households located in northwestern Bangladesh. Analysis suggests that respondent households practised an array of adjustments to mitigate adverse effects of the 1994/5 drought. While both high- and low-income households were affected by the drought, households belonging to the lower socioeconomic group suffered the most, receiving the least support from the national government. Government responses were delayed and inadequate in providing financial and other assistance to the drought victims. It is suggested that the government should be prepared for drought long before the occurrence of such an event.
The State of Islamic Studies in the Study of Religion: An Introduction

Abstract This is an introduction to the commissioned set of papers in reply to Aaron Hughes’s assessment of the current state of Islamic studies within the academic study of religion.
Two-dimensional Fourier-transform electron spin resonance in complex fluids

Two-dimensional Fourier-transform ESR spectra from a complex fluid characterized by very short free induction decay times are reported. They provide enhanced resolution to dynamic molecular structure compared to conventional cw-ESR spectra which are inhomogeneously broadened by the macroscopic disorder. A general theoretical analysis based on the stochastic Liouville equation permits us to accurately determine the microscopic ordering and motional dynamic rates by non-linear least-squares fitting to experiment.
The relationship of the adrenal, thyroid, and pituitary glands to the growth of hair

Since hair appears to be one of the most rapidly growing structures of the body, one might expect that it would serve as a sensitive indicator of the modifying action of hormones on general body growth. In this sense, alterations in the rate of growth of hair might be regarded solely as a reflection of any general metabolic changes induced by the hormones. On the contrary, it is possible that hormones modify the growth of hair in a way that is different from the effects which they elicit elsewhere in the body. In other words, is the response of hair to the action of these humoral agents so unique that the piliary system should be regarded as a special target organ? In the following presentation, we shall seek to analyze the effects of hormones on the piliary system in the light of these two alternatives. The r61e played by the secretions of the adrenal, thyroid, and pituitary glands in the regulation of the growth of hair has been investigated chiefly in two forms, the rat and man. Therefore, information which has been derived from study of the rat will be emphasized and an attempt made to correlate these findings with the more limited information which is available concerning the relationship of these glands to hair in man.
A gender gap in the next generation of physician-scientists: medical student interest and participation in research.

Background For 2 decades, the number of physician-scientists has not kept pace with the overall growth of the medical research community. Concomitantly, the number of women entering medical schools has increased markedly. We have explored the effect of the changing gender composition of medical schools on the present and future pipeline of young physician-scientists. Methods We analyzed data obtained from the Association of American Medical Colleges, the National Institutes of Health, and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute pertaining to the expressed research intentions or research participation of male and female medical students in the United States. Results A statistically significant decline in the percentage of matriculating and graduating medical students\Mboth men and women\Mwho expressed strong research career intentions occurred during the decade between 1987 and 1997. Moreover, matriculating and graduating women were significantly less likely than men to indicate strong research career intentions. Each of these trends has been observed for medical schools overall and for research-intensive ones. Cohort data obtained by tracking individuals from matriculation to graduation revealed that women who expressed strong research career intentions upon matriculation were more likely than men to decrease their research career intentions during medical school. Medical student participation in research supported the gender gap identified by assessing research intentions. Female medical student participation in the Medical Scientist Training Program and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute/National Institutes of Health-sponsored Cloisters Program has increased but lags far behind the growth in the female population in medical schools. Conclusion Three worrisome trends in the research career intentions and participation of the nation\9s medical students (a decade-long decline for both men and women, a large and persistent gender gap, and a negative effect of the medical school experience for women) presage a further decline in the physician-scientist pipeline unless they are reversed promptly and decisively.
Disorders of visual behavior following bilateral posterior cerebral lesions.

Five patients with severe visual disability, associated with bilateral lesions of the posterior cerebrum, were given a battery of experimental tests of visual function. At least three types of impaired visual behavior seemed to vary relatively independently across the five subjects. These were: 1) Elevated thresholds for light detection in central and peripheral visual fields, 2) Inability to distribute visual attention over an array, 3) Inability to identify drawings of objects. We conclude that:
Spectral and biological evaluation of a synthetic antimicrobial peptide derived from 1-aminocyclohexane carboxylic acid.

Abstract Ac-GF(A6c)G(A6c)K(A6c)G(A6c)F(A6c)G(A6c)GK(A6c)KKKK-amide (A6c = 1-aminocyclohexane carboxylic acid) is a synthetic antimicrobial peptide (AMP) that exhibits in vitro inhibitory activity against drug resistant strains of S taphylococcus aureus , A cinetobacter baumannii , K lebsiella pneumoniae , P seudomonas aeruginosa , Enterobacter aerogenes , and Enterococcus faecium at concentrations ranging from 10.9 to 43 μM. Spectroscopic investigations were conducted to determine how this AMP interacts with simple membrane model systems in order to provide insight into possible mechanisms of action. CD and 2D- 1 H NMR experiments indicated this AMP on binding to SDS and DPC micelles adopts conformations with varying percentages of helical and random coil conformers. CD investigations in the presence of three phospholipid SUVs consisting of POPC, 4:1 POPC/POPG, and 60% POPE/21%POPG/19%POPC revealed: (1) The interactions occurring with POPC SUVs have minimal effect on the conformational diversity of the AMP yielding conformations similar to those observed in buffer. (2) The interactions with 4:1 POPC/POPG, and 60% POPE/21%POPG/19%POPC SUVs exhibited a greater influence on the percentage of different conformers contributing to the CD spectra. (3) The presence of a high of percentage of helical conformers was not observed in the presence of SUVs as was the case with micelles. This data indicates that the diversity of surface bound conformations adopted by this AMP are very different from the diversity of conformations adopted by this AMP on insertion into the lipid bilayer. CD spectra of this AMP in the presence of SUVs consisting of LPS isolated from P. aeruginosa , K. pneumoniae and Escherichia coli exhibited characteristics associated with various helical conformations.
Endoscopic balloon-assisted lacrimal surgery

The goal of dacryocystorhinostomy is to create a fistula between the nasolacrimal sac and the nasal passageway to bypass nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Traditional external approaches have a very high success rate, but the disadvantages are numerous. Patients may have excess blood loss and facial ecchymosis as the result of injury to the angular artery, unsightly and uncomfortable scarring, as well as potential for diplopia as the result of injury of the inferior oblique muscle, which originates near the lacrimal crest. Endoscopic balloon-assisted dacryocystorhinostomy offers decreased postoperative sequelae, with less surgical time and decreased patient recovery time. The use of balloon-catheter dilation simplifies nasal manipulation and obviates the use of power instrumentation in most cases.
Chiral polymers via cyclopolymerization

Abstract Cyclopolymerization of nonconjugated dienes provides a route to a number of stereochemically complex poly(methylene-1,3-cycloalkanes). The stereochemistry of these polymers derives from both tacticity and cis/trans stereochemistry of the carbocyclic rings. A unique feature of isotactic polymers with a predominance of trans rings is that they contain no mirror elements of symmetry and are thus chiral by virtue of their main-chain stereochemistry. The enantioselective cyclopolymerization of 1,5-hexadiene in the presence of optically active precursors such as (−)-(R)-ethylene-bis(tetrahydroindenyl) zirconium (R)-binaphtholate ([α]435 = −1431°) and a methylaluminoxane (MAO) co-catalyst yields optically active poly(methylene-1,3-cyclopentane) (PMCP) with a molar optical rotation [Φ]28405 of +50.1° (c = 7.8, CHCl3). Since the enantioface selectivity of the chiral zirconocene catalyst with propene is known, the absolute stereochemistry of the polymer can be tentatively assigned if an analogous enantioface selectivity with 1,5-hexadiene is assumed. The enantioselective cyclopolymerization of symmetrical dienes requires both a high enantioface selectivity for olefin insertion and a high diastereoselectivity for olefin cyclization in order to obtain a chiral macromolecular architecture.
Isomorphisms between infinite matrix rings

Abstract A characterization of ring isomorphisms between endomorphism rings of infinitely generated free modules (over arbitrary rings) is given in terms of Morita equivalences. In addition, we indicate the interrelationship between our characterization and the classical description which uses semilinear maps.
Improved Modified Materka Model for Simulation of Pinch-Off Variation in PHEMT Devices

An improved Modified Materka I-V model for PHEMT devices is described which enables pinch-off variation to be properly simulated by adjusting a single parameter. The improved formulation is based on including the built-in potential in the definition of gate bias. The model is validated experimentally using data from a production PHEMT process.
Endothelin receptor: a profoundly desensitizing receptor expressed in Xenopus oocytes.

Abstract Xenopus oocyte expression studies can help to define the physiological properties of a receptor and can aid in receptor cloning. Expression of an endothelin receptor in oocytes injected with brain mRNA is inferred from depolarizations induced by several endothelin-related peptides. The response is abolished by intracellular EGTA injection but not in the absence of extracellular Ca 2+ . It is not present in non-injected oocytes, and reverses at a potential indicating that it is mediated by an increased Cl −1 conductance. Responses display striking, long-lasting desensitization. The expressed endothelin receptor thus displays properties characteristic of several receptors coupled to changes in phosphoinositide turnover, several of which have been successfully cloned using this response as a reporter.
A Comparison of Nasal Cytology with Sinus X-Rays for the Diagnosis of Sinusitis:

A prospective comparison of nasal cytology with sinus x-rays in 55 patients (35 children and 20 adults) with suspected sinusitis was performed. A sample of the nasal mucosa from the inferior turbin...
Proximity and Visibility of Fruits and Vegetables Influence Intake in a Kitchen Setting Among College Students

The hypothesis that participants will eat more fruits (apple slices) and vegetables (carrot cuts) if they are made more proximate and visible was tested using a 2 × 2 between-participants design. P...
Layering in a Flow with Diffusively Stable Temperature and Salinity Stratification

Abstract Laboratory experiments were conducted to study the formation of layers and interfaces in a fluid stratified with two scalars. Fluid with initially linear, diffusively stable temperature and salinity profiles was stirred using an arrangement of horizontally oscillating, vertical rods. Layers occurred when the density ratio, or the ratio of the contributions of temperature and salinity to the density gradient, was small, but they did not form in similar conditions of turbulence intensity and stratification strength when the density ratio was large. The difference in behavior is ascribed to differential diffusion, or the preferential transport of temperature, which occurred in all of the experiments. Eddy diffusivities were linearly proportional to ea/νN 2, where ea is an averaged rate of dissipation of turbulent kinetic energy. The mixing efficiency, computed as the ratio of potential energy change to work input to the system, increased with the density ratio. As previous researchers have found, th...
Unifying inequalities of Hardy, Copson, and others

In order to provide an alternative proof to an inequality of Hilbert, Hardy proved $$\sum_{n=0}^{\infty} \left((n+1)^{-1} \sum_{k=0}^{n}x_k\right)^p \leq\left(\frac{p}{p-1} \right)^p\sum_{n=0}^\infty x_n^p. $$ This inequality and its relatives triggered research activity concerning norm inequalities including new inequalities by Copson and Levinson. In this paper, three theorems are established from which related inequalities of Hardy, Copson, and Levinson and various extensions are deduced as corollaries.
Continuous Monitoring, Modeling, and Evaluation of Actual Building Energy Systems

Residential and commercial buildings account for more than 40% of U.S. energy consumption, most of which is related to heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC). Consequently, energy conservation is important to building owners and to the economy generally. In this paper we describe a process under development to continuously evaluate a building’s heating and cooling energy performance in near real-time with a procedure we call Continuous Monitoring, Modeling, and Evaluation (CMME). The concept of CMME is to model the expected operation of a building energy system with actual weather and internal load data and then compare modeled energy consumption with actual energy consumption. For this paper we modeled two buildings on the Georgia Institute of Technology campus. After creating our building models, internal lighting loads and equipment plug-loads were collected through electrical sub-metering, while the building occupancy load was recorded using doorway mounted people counters. We also collected on site weather and solar radiation data. All internal loads were input into the models and simulated with the actual weather data. We evaluated the building’s overall performance by comparing the modeled heating and cooling energy consumption with the building’s actual heating and cooling energy consumption. Our results demonstrated generally acceptable energy performance for both buildings; nevertheless, certain specific energy inefficiencies were discovered and corrective actions are being taken. This experience shows that CMME is a practical procedure for improving the performance of actual well performing buildings. With improved techniques, we believe the CMME procedure could be fully automated and notify building owners in real-time of sub-optimal building performance.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Visible Light Photocatalysis: The Development of Photocatalytic Radical Ion Cycloadditions

Photochemistry has the potential to significantly impact multiple aspects of chemical synthesis, in part because photoinduced reactions can be used to construct molecular architectures that would otherwise be difficult to produce. Nevertheless, organic chemists have been slow to embrace photochemical synthesis because of technical complications associated with the use of ultraviolet light. Our laboratory has been part of an effort to design synthetically useful reactions that utilize visible light. This strategy enables the synthesis of a diverse range of organic structures by generation of a variety of reactive intermediates under exceptionally mild conditions. This Perspective article describes the reasoning that led to the conception of our first experiments in this area, the features of our reaction design that have been most powerful in the discovery of new processes, and a few of the possible future areas in which visible light photocatalysis might have a large impact.
Planification d'une étude expérimentale et rédaction d'une demande de subvention en 8 étapes et 28 questions

• La planification d’un projet de recherche et la redaction d’une demande de subvention sont des tâches complexes. • La formulation de la question specifique de recherche, qui fait suite au developpement d’une problematique de recherche, est l’etape cruciale du processus. Elle s’appuie sur une analyse critique des references scientifiques, qui permet de degager un cadre conceptuel. • Le choix des instruments de mesure et celui du plan de la recherche dependent de la question de recherche. Leur pertinence doit etre argumentee et leur limites discutees. • La determination des echantillons d’etude et de leur taille a interet a s’appuyer sur une demarche statistique prealable. Le choix des outils statistiques utilises pour etayer l’interpretation des resultats doit etre pertinent et justifie. • L’echeancier, la distribution des roles et le budget de la recherche doivent etre definies avec precision. • Le dossier de demande de subvention doit chercher a convaincre « l’organisme subventionnaire » que la problematique de recherche proposee est pertinente par rapport a ses missions, que l’etude presentee est scientifiquement valide et defendable sur le plan de l’ethique, que les auteurs du projet ont la capacite scientifique et les ressources suffisantes de le conduire a terme et que le budget prevu est credible.
Deglutition Syncope: A Manifestation of Vagal Hyperactivity Following Carotid Endarterectomy

A 61-year-old man with left amaurosis fugax and bilateral >80% internal carotid artery stenoses underwent a left carotid endarterectomy. On the first postoperative day, he developed hypotension, bradycardia, and chest pain with food ingestion. He was diagnosed as having deglutition syncope and was treated with oral anticholinergics. Similar symptoms occurred when he underwent a right carotid endarterectomy. Deglutition syncope is a neurally mediated situational syncope resulting from vagus nerve over-activity. This is the first report of deglutition syncope associated with carotid endarterectomy. It is important to recognize and differentiate these symptoms from other causes of postendarterectomy hemodynamic instability.
Capturing hydrolysis products in the solid state: effects of pH on uranyl squarates under ambient conditions.

Two uranyl squarates, (UO2)6(C4O4)3(OH)6O2·9H2O·4NH4 (1; a = 16.6897(7) A, cubic, I23) and (UO2)(C4O4)(OH)2·2NH4 (2; a = 8.5151(4), b = 15.6822(8), c = 7.3974, orthorhombic, Pbcm), have been synthesized from ambient aqueous solutions as a function of pH. Oligomerization of the uranyl cation from monomeric pentagonal bipyramids (pH < 5) to [(UO2)3O(OH)3] trimers (5 < pH < 8) in 1 and ultimately [(UO2)(OH)2]n chains (7 < pH < 8) in 2 is observed. This evolution of speciation versus pH is consistent with what has been observed in solution and thus may be represented by the uranyl hydrolysis equilibrium, mUO22+ + nH2O ↔ [(UO2)m(OH)n]2m − n + nH+. Structural systematics, physical properties, and a discussion of species selectivity by squarate anions are presented.
Patterns of antibody reactivity to selected human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gp160 epitopes in infected individuals grouped according to CD4+ cell levels

We examined sera from 160 HIV-infected individuals for antibodies reactive to HIV-1 gp160 epitopes defined by seven synthetic peptides. Seropositive individuals were placed into three groups based upon levels of circulating CD4+ cells. These groups consisted of individuals with (1) more than 400 CD4+ cells, (2) 200–400 CD4+ cells, and (3) fewer than 200 CD4+ cells/mm3. The percentage of sera containing antibodies reactive with two immunodominant gp160 epitopes (a.a. 304–321 and 600–611) was unchanged between groups, regardless of CD4 cell numbers. The percentage of sera containing antibodies reactive with weakly immunogenic gp160 epitopes, such as those defined by peptides 425–448 and 846–860, declined in the groups as CD4 values decreased. Our results suggest that the patterns of antibody reactivity to gp160 epitopes change as CD4 levels decline. A narrowing of the humoral immune response to epitopes on the envelope of HIV-1 appears to occur with disease progression.
Age differences in responsiveness of brainstem chemosensitive neurons to extracellular pH changes

The sensitivity of neurons in the caudal chemosensitive area on the ventrolateral surface of the medulla oblongata (VMS) to extracellular pH changes was examined in newborn and young developing kittens and compared to that of adult cats. The pH was varied by superfusion of the VMS with mock cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of pH 7.4 (control), 7.0 (acid) and 7.8 (alkaline). A total of 97 neuronal units in the three age groups changed their firing rates inversely in response to extracellular fluid (ECF) pH changes. The greatest sensitivity was found in the adult group where acid superfusion caused an increase in neuronal activity. The least sensitivity was observed in the newborn group (1-6 days old), whereas the young kitten group (4-6 weeks old) exhibited an intermediate sensitivity. Neurons of kittens older than 7 weeks of age demonstrated a response pattern characteristic of the adult group. Neurons of neonates older than seven days, exhibited a response pattern characteristic of the young kitten group.
Validation of the onboard radiometric calibration of the GOES I-M visible channel by reflectance-based vicarious methods

The current generation of the Geostationary Operations Environmental Satellite (GOES) platform employs a total of 5 sensors to monitor and record atmospheric conditions used in predictions of upcoming weather events. Included in this package is a 5-band imager that, from the 36,000-km geosynchronous orbit inhabited by GOES platform, enables multiple fixed full-disc surface images of the earth during the course of a 24-hour day. There is currently no on-board radiometric calibration for the visible bands of the imager and radiometric calibration relies on vicarious approaches. The Remote Sensing Group (RSG) at the University of Arizona uses a vicarious approach that relies on ground-based measurements to determine the radiometric calibration for multiple sun-synchronous and airborne visible and near-infrared sensors. The current work extends the approach to the GOES I-M series of sensor. The paper presents the methods and results of the reflectance-based method applied to the 1-km visible channel of GOES-11using large North American high-desert test sites. Modifications to the RSG's methods to take into account the location of the test sites at large zenith angles within the full-disk GOES image. The work provides an opportunity to evaluate uncertainties of the spectral BRF of the test sites at large view angles and resulting importance to the accurate radiometric calibration of a sensor. In addition, the impact of increased path length caused by the large view angle is evaluated with an emphasis on the increased effect of the atmospheric characterization.
Effects of Line Narrowing and Collimation on Excimer Radiation at 248nm

The relevant characteristics of a 248 nm line-narrowed excimer laser have been measured. The laser's spectral width is 1.6 pm FWHM and its coherence length is 38 mm. The effects of this line narrowing on the optical components in illuminator systems have been studied. The results from several light pipe systems and a diffuser plate system are presented. The effects of external cavity collimation on the GCA-TROPEL BOLD illuminator are also presented.
Use of thalidomide in treatment and maintenance of idiopathic esophageal ulcers in HIV+ individuals.

Esophageal ulcerations in HIV-positive patients have diverse causes. By far the most common etiology is infection. Treatment varies depending upon the specific infection, such as viral, bacterial, or fungal, Ulcers may also result from neoplasms, peptic acid exposure, or medication. Numerous case reports of "idiopathic" esophageal ulcers in such patients exist. With the use of RNA hybridization techniques, many of these idiopathic ulcers have been shown to contain the HIV virus (1). A case of an idiopathic esophageal ulcer treated with thalidomide is reported here.
A functional CLT for the L2 modulus of continuity of local time

We show that as processes in (c, d, t) ∈ C(R2 × R+1) $$ \frac{{\int_c^d {(L_t^{x + h} - L_t^x )^2 dx - 4h} \int_c^d {L_t^x dx} }} {{h^{3/2} }}\mathop \Rightarrow \limits^\mathcal{L} \left( {\frac{{64}} {3}} \right)^{1/2} \int_c^d {L_t^x d\eta (x)} $$ as h → 0 for Brownian local time Ltx. Here η(x) is an independent two-sided Brownian motion.
Helping Students Make Sense of Graphs: An Experimental Trial of SmartGraphs Software

Graphs are commonly used in science, mathematics, and social sciences to convey important concepts; yet students at all ages demonstrate difficulties interpreting graphs. This paper reports on an experimental study of free, Web-based software called SmartGraphs that is specifically designed to help students overcome their misconceptions regarding graphs. SmartGraphs allows students to interact with graphs and provides hints and scaffolding to help students, if they need help. SmartGraphs activities can be authored to be useful in teaching and learning a variety of topics that use graphs (such as slope, velocity, half-life, and global warming). A 2-year experimental study in physical science classrooms was conducted with dozens of teachers and thousands of students. In the first year, teachers were randomly assigned to experimental or control conditions. Data show that students of teachers who use SmartGraphs as a supplement to normal instruction make greater gains understanding graphs than control students studying the same content using the same textbooks, but without SmartGraphs. Additionally, teachers believe that the SmartGraphs activities help students meet learning goals in the physical science course, and a great majority reported they would use the activities with students again. In the second year of the study, several specific variations of SmartGraphs were researched to help determine what makes SmartGraphs effective.
Provenances and dispersal patterns of turbidite sand in Escanaba Trough, northeastern Pacific Ocean

Abstract Escanaba Trough, the median valley of Gorda Ridge, is partly filled with terrigenous sediment which was eroded mostly from rocks in the Klamath and Columbia River drainage basins and transported across the sea floor to the trough by turbidity currents. Basal or lower cores contain sand derived from the south-central metamorphic belt of the Klamath Mountains, whereas the upper cores have sand derived from the Columbia River drainage basin. Columbia River sediment reached Escanaba Trough either after a barrier at Blanco Valley had been destroyed by tectonic movement or after a gradient, sufficient to maintain turbidity current momentum, had developed between the Astoria Fan apex and the trough. Sediment in Escanaba Trough is young and most probably was deposited when sea level was lower than at present, perhaps during the Wisconsin Glacial Age.
Effect of a silicate filler on the crystal morphology of poly(trimethylene terephthalate)/clay nanocomposites

A series of intercalated poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT)/clay nanocomposites were prepared in a twin-screw extruder by the melt mixing of PTT with either quaternary or ternary ammonium salt-modified clays. The morphology and structure, along with the crystallization and melting behavior, and the dynamic mechanical behavior of the composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. The results showed that the PTT chains could undergo center-mass transport from the polymer melt into the silicate galleries successfully during the blending and extrusion process. More coherent stacking of the silicate layers was reserved at higher clay concentrations and shorter blend times. Compared with conventionally compounded composites, the nanoscale-dispersed organophilic clays were more effective as crystal nucleation agents. The influence of the nanosilicates on the crystallization and melting behavior of PTT became distinct when the concentration of clay was around 3 wt %. The changes in the crystallization behavior of the polymer/clay nanocomposites depended not only on the size of the silicates but also on the intrinsic crystallization characteristics of the polymers. The resulting nanocomposites showed an increase in the dynamic modulus of PTT and a decrease in the relaxation intensity (both in loss modulus and loss tangent magnitude). © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 2275–2289, 2003
Effect of feeding pyridine derivatives to young rats on a high protein diet.

Summary1. The effect of the ingestion of a series of pyridine derivatives by immature rats on a high protein diet is described.2. None of the N-methyl derivatives of this series had any appreciable influence on either the fat content or the absolute liver weight.3. Gamma picoline, nicotinic acid, and nicotinamide produced slight increase in liver fat; beta picoline and coramine produced significant increases in liver fat. In the case of beta picoline and coramine this increase in fat could be prevented by the inclusion of 1.2% methionine or 0.5% choline. The effect of methionine or choline on the metabolism of the other compounds reported was not determined. 4. Coramine produced a great increase in the fat-free liver weight which could not be prevented by the addition of choline or methionine to the diet. 5. The growth inhibition following the administration of beta picoline or coramine was not appreciably affected by the addition of choline or methionine to the high protein diet.
Opportunities for health promotion: including the chronically ill and disabled.

One of the aims of health promotion and illness prevention is to reduce the prevalence of chronic disease that is so apparent in the developed countries, yet the very individuals who already have chronic diseases and disabling conditions constitute a sizeable population which could contribute to health promotion programs. There are two chief elements which argue for an extension of health promotion toward the chronically ill and disabled: (1) the lifestyle management which is characteristic of health promotion is similar in many respects to the comprehensive self-care regimens followed by chronically ill persons, and (2) the philosophy of independent living for disabled persons shares social foundations with the concept of health promotion and could add the strength of social advocacy to health promotion. This paper examines social and medical variables linking the two health trends of health promotion and independent living for disabled persons. Observations of a U.S. independent living program, The Timbers, are reported to illustrate an active combination of the two philosophies. Finally, sociological implications are presented, with a focus on the potential of health promotion programs.
The etiology of deafness in young children.

(1951). The Etiology of Deafness in Young Children. Acta Oto-Laryngologica: Vol. 40, No. 1-2, pp. 72-79.
Block size-based measures of street connectivity: A critical assessment and new approach

Increased awareness of the benefits of a well-connected street network among planning professionals has encouraged the rapid proliferation of ‘connectivity ordinances’ establishing minimum standards for new developments, often measured in terms of block size. This article identifies some fundamental flaws in commonly used block-size measures, based on perimeter, area and length of block face, and presents a new, more effective measure of block size, the ‘block section’. The application of the ‘block section’ to a series of street patterns demonstrates the basic effectiveness of the measure, establishes benchmarks for comparison and identifies issues with connectivity studies that require resolution in the future.
Experimental Techniques for Dynamic Characterization of Composite Materials

This research combines theoretical and experimental approaches for dynamic material characterization of composite materials. The samples studied include continuous fiber graphite/epoxy beams with various symmetric lay-up configurations. Included are laminated beams with the following lay-ups: [0[sub 8]/90[sub 8]][sub s], [90[sub 8]/0[sub 8]][sub s], [(45/0/[minus]45)[sub 5]][sub s] and [(0/45/0/[minus]45)[sub 3]/90/0/0[sub 1/2]][sub s]. The resonant dwell technique is used to determine the material damping and the real part of the dynamic flexural modulus of double cantilever beam specimens in the first mode of vibration over the frequency range 25 Hz to 300 Hz. The dynamic properties are determined as a function of the frequency of oscillation at room temperature. In addition, the Metravib Viscoanalyzer, based on off-resonance tests, is also used to provide another source of experimental data for comparison. Although the Viscoanalyzer was originally intended for testing viscoelastic polymers, the present research establishes the limits of applicability for composite materials, with particular emphasis on the three point bending tests. Comparisons and limitations of both techniques are critically discussed.
Schwanm cell abnormalities in 2, 5-hexanedione neuropathy

Distinctive cytoplasmic alterations of Schwann cells were observed by electron microscopy in rats and mice with peripheral neuropathy induced by chronic exposure to 2,5-hexanedione. Pronounced enlargement of Schwann cells was due to accumulation of 100 A cytoplasmic filaments and endoplasmic reticulum and was most often observed after 12–15 weeks exposure to 2,5-hexanedione. Examination of teased nerve fibres revealed segmental demyelination and remyelination involving axons of normal diameter as well as giant axons. The filament disorder induced by 2,5-hexanedione administration is not limited solely to axoplasmic contents. Possible mechanisms of demyelination are discussed and the changes are compared to those observed in human neuropathy for which 2,5-hexanedione appears to be the closest experimental model.
Count Raimondo Montecuccoli: Servant of A Dynasty

(1970). Count Raimondo Montecuccoli: Servant of A Dynasty. The Historian: Vol. 32, No. 3, pp. 392-409.
Conformal Invariance and Field Theory in Two Dimensions

The relevance of the representation theory of the conformal group to quantum field theory is illustrated in two dimensions by the Thirring model. Space-time position operators and their complex extensions are defined as operator-valued functions of the generators. These complex position variables coincide with the Gel'fand-Naimark labels and can be interpreted as labels for nonorthogonal coherent states. A Hilbert-space metric then becomes necessary. It is given by the matrix elements of the metric operator $G$ and is nontrivial for the nonanalytic supplementary series and the analytic representations. In this case ${G}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ gives the two-point function for the Thirring model. For nonanalytic representations only weak (infinitesimal) conformal invariance holds for interacting fields if causal and spectral properties are imposed, while those properties become compatible with strong (global) conformal invariance in the case of analytic representations which lead either to free fields or to interacting fields with a quantized value of the coupling constant.
Design of a Celestial Thomson-Scattering X-Ray Polarimeter

A general discussion of the scientific importance and status of stellar x-ray polarimetry is presented. A stellar x-ray polarimeter designed to fit into the bottom half of the NASA Orbiting Solar Observatory-I (OSO-I) wheel compartment or other similar spacecraft is described. In this design, the linear polarization is obtained as a function of energy. The sensitivity of the polarimeter in the 4 - 24 keV energy range was optimized with the aid of a Monte Carlo simulation computer program and is given for several important celestial x-ray sources. Estimates of sensitivity thresholds for a much larger polarimeter, suitable for flight in the NASA High-Energy Astronomy Observatory (HEAO), are also given. The minimum detectable polarization for several x-ray sources is given. For example, the minimum detectable polarization at the 99% confidence level for the Crab nebula in a 24-h observation time is 1.4% for an OSO polarimeter in a compartment (50 × 30 × 30) cm and 0.27% for a HEAO polarimeter in a compartment (100 × 100 × 30) cm. These satellite experiments are feasible and will yield significant polarization results which will have an important bearing on our understanding of x-ray source mechanisms.
Testing for autoregressive disturbances in a time series regression with missing observations

Abstract This paper constructs tests for autoregressive disturbances in a time series regression with missing observations, where the disturbance terms are generated by (i) an AR(1) process and (ii) an AR( p ) process with a possible seasonal component. A point optimal invariant (POI) test is constructed for each problem. In addition, we show how to compute exact small sample p -values for the tests in O( n ) operations, and give a computationally efficient procedure for choosing the specific alternative against which to make POI test most powerful invariant.
Towards geometric decision making in unstructured environments

Presents an approach to sensor-based decision making in unstructured environments that relies on describing geometric structures by parameterized volumes. This approach leads to large systems of nonlinear stochastic inequalities. The author describes how these inequalities can be solved using interval bisection, discusses the structural and statistical convergence of the technique, and presents some preliminary experimental results. >
Specificity of cellular immune responses. Antigen concentration dependence of stimulation of DNA synthesis in vitro by specifically sensitized cells, as an expression of the binding characteristics of cellular antibody.

In vitro antigen stimulation of DNA synthesis in lymph node cultures from immunized guinea pigs can be obtained with very low (10–4 µg/ml) antigen concentrations in the culture fluid. Immunization with low doses of DNP-GPA leads to a cell population capable of being stimulated, on the average, by low concentration of antigen whereas immunization with large antigen doses results in a sensitive cell population requiring, on the average, high antigen concentrations for stimulation. These findings correlate well with the affinity for hapten of the serum antibodies produced by these guinea pigs. Both delayed reactions in vivo and DNA synthesis in vitro can be stimulated by hapten conjugated to proteins different from that used in primary immunization. However the immunizing conjugate is much more effective in terms of antigen concentration required for a given response. These results can be understood in terms of a thermodynamically driven interaction of antigen (or "processed" antigen) with cell-associated antibody.
Narrative inquiry: seeking relations as modes of interactions.

The formation of this special issue on Narrative Inquiry has involved both of us retracing personal connections of “meaning, substance, content—from what is embedded in the self from the past” (Dew...
Adrenaline Rush: The Role of Adrenergic Receptors in Stimulant-Induced Behaviors

Psychostimulants, such as cocaine and amphetamines, act primarily through the monoamine neurotransmitters dopamine (DA), norepinephrine, and serotonin. Although stimulant addiction research has largely focused on DA, medication development efforts targeting the dopaminergic system have thus far been unsuccessful, leading to alternative strategies aimed at abating stimulant abuse. Noradrenergic compounds have shown promise in altering the behavioral effects of stimulants in rodents, nonhuman primates, and humans. In this review, we discuss the contribution of each adrenergic receptor (AR) subtype (α1, α2, and β) to five stimulant-induced behaviors relevant to addiction: locomotor activity, conditioned place preference, anxiety, discrimination, and self-administration. AR manipulation has diverse effects on these behaviors; each subtype profoundly influences outcomes in some paradigms but is inconsequential in others. The functional neuroanatomy and intracellular signaling mechanisms underlying the impact of AR activation/blockade on these behaviors remain largely unknown, presenting a new frontier for research on psychostimulant–AR interactions.
Technique to design spreading sequences for the uplink of DS-CDMA systems in frequency selective fading channels

We propose a novel technique to design a set of spreading sequences for the uplink of a DS-CDMA system in the presence of frequency selective fading. The focus is on the case when channel state information (CSI) is available at the transmitter and when the chips in the spreading sequences are confined to be from a finite alphabet We consider two cases: (i) knowledge of the CSI of all the users is available centrally during the design process, such as in a base station; (ii) the design is at the mobile unit when each user only knows the CSI of his/her frequency selective channel. In both cases, we propose novel techniques to design spreading sequences whose spectra are well matched to that of the frequency selective channel. In the former case, a set of short spreading sequences is designed that is both well matched to the frequency selective channels and possesses low cross correlation. In the latter case, the use of long spreading sequences and error control coding is proposed. Results show that the proposed techniques provide significantly improved performance over the use of Gold codes and that they outperform single user performance over an additive white Gaussian noise channel. The designed short spreading sequences are also well suited to be used with low complexity multiuser detectors.
Impact of the interaction of depression and physical illness on a psychiatric unit's length of stay

Prior literature suggests that length of stay (LOS) on medical inpatient units is increased by the coexistence of depression and physical illness. The present study examined 532 psychiatric inpatient admissions to determine if physical illness increased LOS for patients grouped by diagnostic categories of psychosis, depression, personality disorder, anxiety disorder, adjustment disorder, bipolar disorder (not depressed), and other psychiatric disorders. LOS for depressed patients was significantly longer for those with any physical final diagnosis (mean = 20.08 days) than for depressed patients with no physical diagnosis (mean = 11.48 days). LOS was also longer for all patients with physical diagnoses (mean = 19.31 days) than all patients with no physical diagnosis (mean = 13.13 days). No other specific diagnostic group (psychosis, personality disorder, and so forth) showed significant differences in LOS for any associated physical illness vs no physical illness. The study results tend to indicate that physical illness is associated with increased LOS for depressed psychiatric patients but not for other specific diagnostic groups. Depressed patients may 1) mask physical illness by depression-generated physical complaints; 2) prioritize mood symptoms over physical symptoms; and/or 3) may suffer from feelings of hopelessness or be pessimistic that their physical symptoms will be effectively treated and, therefore, not report their physical symptoms.
The Interaction of Hormones with Biological Membranes

Major advances in our knowledge on the interaction of hormones with biological membranes have occurred in the past few years. Three general classes of hormones have been studied in considerable detail: steroid hormones, peptide hormones, and neurotransmitters. In addition, studies on the interaction of prostaglandins and opiatelike compounds with membranes are now appearing. Steroid hormones, the first to be studied in detail, react initially with macromolecules within the cytoplasmic compartment (cytosol) of the cell. Thus steroids do not exert their biological actions through interaction with components of, or in, a bilayer or cellular membrane, and therefore are mentioned only occasionally in this chapter. Excellent reviews(1,2) and monographs(3) are available on steroid hormone action.