cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Initial Observations of the Effects of Calcium Chloride Infusions in Pediatric Patients with Low Cardiac Output

Myocardial contractility and relaxation are highly dependent on calcium homeostasis. Immature myocardium, as in pediatric patients, is thought to be more dependent on extracellular calcium for optimal function. For this reason, intravenous calcium chloride infusions may improve myocardial function in the pediatric patient. The objectives of this study were to report the hemodynamic changes seen after administration of continuous calcium chloride to critically ill children. We retrospectively identified pediatric patients (newborn to 17 years old) with hemodynamic instability admitted to the cardiac ICU between May 2011 and May 2012 who received a continuous infusion of calcium chloride. The primary outcome was improvement in cardiac output, assessed by arterial-mixed venous oxygen saturation (A-V) difference. Sixty-eight patients, mean age 0.87 ± 2.67 years, received a total of 116 calcium infusions. Calcium chloride infusions resulted in significant improvements in primary and secondary measures of cardiac output at 2 and 6 h. Six hours after calcium initiation, A-V oxygen saturation difference decreased by 7.4 % (32.6 ± 2.1 to 25.2 ± 2.0 %, p < 0.001), rSO2 increased by 5.5 % (63.1 vs 68.6 %, p < 0.001), and serum lactate decreased by 0.9 mmol/l (3.3 vs 2.4 mmol/l, p < 0.001) with no change in HR (149.1 vs 145.6 bpm p = 0.07). Urine output increased 0.66 ml/kg/h in the 8-h period after calcium initiation when compared to pre-initiation (p = 0.003). Neonates had the strongest evidence of effectiveness with other age groups trending toward significance. Calcium chloride infusions improve markers of cardiac output in a heterogenous group of pediatric patients in a cardiac ICU. Neonates appear to derive the most benefit from utilization of these infusions.
BRCA 1/2 gene mutation and gastrointestinal stromal tumours: a potential association

Mutations of the BRCA1/2 genes have been described in association with a number of malignancies including cancers of the breast, ovary, prostate and stomach, but have never been described in relation to gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST). We describe a patient with a BRCA2 8642del3insC mutation who developed prostate cancer, breast cancer and GIST. GIST has been shown to be associated with a number of malignancies, including some of the common BRCA1/2-related cancers, but it has never been associated with BRCA1/2 gene mutations. This report highlights the potential association between BRCA1/2 mutations and GIST, and aims to raise awareness for further genetic screening in GIST patients.
Quickness Criteria for Large Unmanned Aircraft in Non-Precision Aggressive and Non-Aggressive Maneuvers

In order for unmanned aircraft to be permitted to attain their projected level of usefulness in both military and civilian applications, airworthiness and performance requirements must be addressed. Airworthiness and performance are directly linked to aircraft flying qualities, which has not received sufficient attention in recent years. This paper moves this area of research forward by examining specific flying qualities criteria. An unmanned aircraft weighing approximately 32,500 pounds is modeled using the “j2 Universal Toolkit”, and simulations of two specific maneuvers, a climbing spiral and air-to-ground target acquisition, are executed. The climbing spiral is considered a non-precision, non-aggressive maneuver, and the air-to-ground tracking task is considered a non-precision, aggressive maneuver. Each maneuver includes several independent variations in the longitudinal and lateral-directional planes, as well as the fully-coupled maneuver. Pitch and roll quickness, criteria used in ADS-33E-PRF, will be analyzed for trends. Comparing those criteria throughout the maneuver, and with varying control inputs will help to build database of flying qualities criteria, which will aid in the research necessary to create a viable unmanned aircraft airworthiness standard.
Is Entrepreneurial Opportunity Objective? Implications from the Ontology and Epistemology of Social Institutions

This paper takes a fresh look at a core question in entrepreneurship: are opportunities objective, formed by exogenous shocks to pre-existing markets or industries that entrepreneurs then discover, or are they subjective, created endogenously by the entrepreneurs who form them? Getting clear on the nature of opportunity requires distinguishing clearly between its ontological status and its epistemological status. We take a foundational approach, drawing on tools from philosophy, to clarify the ontology of entrepreneurial opportunity. Our main findings are that entrepreneurial opportunities, like the social institutions in which they are embedded, are inherently ontologically subjective; and that tools from philosophy — specifically social ontology — hold great promise for advancing the conversation on entrepreneurial opportunity specifically, improving our ability to develop novel theory in entrepreneurship, and informing research and practice.
Unitarity and microscopic acausality in a nonlocal theory

We consider unitarity and causality in a higher-derivative theory of infinite order, where propagators fall off more quickly in the ultraviolet due to the presence of a transcendental entire function of the momentum. Like Lee-Wick theories, these field theories might provide new avenues for addressing the hierarchy problem; unlike Lee-Wick theories, tree-level propagators do not have additional poles corresponding to unobserved particles with unusual properties. We consider microscopic acausality in these nonlocal theories. The acausal ordering of production and decay vertices for ordinary resonant particles may provide a phenomenologically distinct signature for these models.
The health education from the nursers working in communities influence on the populations with type 2 diabetes melltius

Objective:To perform the health education for the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus from the nursers working in the communties,then adminster the health of any patient,as impoving the knowledge for the seriousities of the diabetes mellitus,guiding the patients have a better life behavious to give up a bad life style,then avoiding the outcome of the diabetic nephropathy,and impoving the life quality of patients.Methods:From 2007 to 2008 adminstered the health eduction for a population 55 patients with type 2 diabetes melltius from the local community for one year,and performed the medical test for the study population as the examination the health,the biochemstical index ect.then through comparing the difference of the health index.living attitude and knowledge ect of the population from the baseline and then end point to evaluate the effect of the health education project.Results:The rate of the population having knowledge on the disease,and comparasing the condition of the population,after accepted the health education,the knowledge for the type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic nephropathy impoving,the changes of the attitude and behavious for the health and there is a statsitical signfically between the two phrase.Conclusion:The health education advanced in communities by the nursers for the population with diabetes mellitus is a critical project.
Determination of the ED_(50) of spinal anesthesia 0.75% ropivacaine for cesarean section

AIM: To determine the median effective dose(ED50) of spinal anesthesia 0.75% ropivacaine for cesarean section. METHODS: Thirty-two ASAⅠ-Ⅱ parturients undergoing elective cesarean section delivery with use of combined spinal-epidural anesthesia were enrolled in this study. The initial dose of was 12.8 mg of 0.75% ropivacaine, and the dosing intervals were 98.4% of the preceding dosage. Doses for subsequent parturients were determined by the response of the previous parturient. Successful anesthesia was defined as a loss of sensation to an acupuncture stimulus at the T7 level, full motor blockade within 10 minutes after administration of the local anesthetic, analgesia of incision and the satisfaction of skelaxin evaluated by one operator. ED50 and its 95% confidence interval (CI) was determined with use of Dixon method. RESULTS: Five parturients were rejected out the study because of doubtful anesthsia. According to the rest twenty-seven parturients' data, the ED50 of intrathecal 0.75% ropivacaine was 11.97 mg (95% confidence interval [CI], 11.75-12.19 mg). CONCLUSION: The ED50 of spinal 0.75% ropivacaine for cesarean delivery under the conditions of this study were 11.97 mg.
Improved results in the operative management of ventricular tachycardia related to inferior wall infarction: Importance of the annular isthmus

Ventricular tachycardia associated with inferior wall myocardial infarction has had a lower surgical cure rate with localized subendocardial resection than ventricular tachycardia related to anterior infarction. Some investigators have advocated visually directed extensive subendocardial resection, including resection of the papillary muscles and mitral valve replacement, even without documenting the origin of ventricular tachycardia at these sites. We have operated on 46 patients (43 men and three women) for ventricular tachycardia associated with inferior wall myocardial infarction. Thirty-one consecutive patients (Group I) had standard localized subendocardial resection. Two patients in this group had mitral valve replacement for mitral insufficiency. Fifteen consecutive recent patients (Group II) underwent subendocardial resection plus focal endocardial cyroablation (3 minutes at –70° C) of the annular isthmus. The annular isthmus is defined as the ventricular muscle between the basal end of the ventriculotomy and the mitral valve anulus. In Group I there were four operative deaths (13%). Ventricular tachycardia was noninducible in 15 of 27 operative survivors (56%) at postoperative electrophysiologic studies. In Group II there was one operative death (7%) and 13 of 14 survivors (93%) had no inducible ventricular tachycardia at postoperative electrophysiologic studies (p
Adding Value with Benefit-Cost Analysis: Forecasting Net Social Benefit from Impacts of Slot Machine Gambling in Maryland

The estimated impacts, benefits, and costs of legalizing slot machines in Maryland are analyzed building on and contrasting with results from an impact analysis. The analysis provides estimates of the components and the total net benefits to the state and its citizens; the role of uncertainty, distributional impacts, and a basic tax alternative. The results forecast mostly positive net benefits for Maryland both in comparison to doing nothing and in comparison to raising an equivalent amount in taxes. However, if slot revenue raised from the lower income population is given more weight, then doing nothing or raising taxes appears to be preferred.
Wide-field retinal optical coherence tomography with wavefront sensorless adaptive optics for enhanced imaging of targeted regions.

The peripheral retina of the human eye offers a unique opportunity for assessment and monitoring of ocular diseases. We have developed a novel wide-field (>70°) optical coherence tomography system (WF-OCT) equipped with wavefront sensorless adaptive optics (WSAO) for enhancing the visualization of smaller ( 23°) retina. We demonstrated the ability of our WF-OCT system to acquire non wavefront-corrected wide-field images rapidly, which could then be used to locate regions of interest, zoom into targeted features, and visualize the same region at different time points. A pilot clinical study was conducted on seven healthy volunteers and two subjects with prodromal Alzheimer’s disease which illustrated the capability to image Drusen-like pathologies as far as 32.5° from the fovea in un-averaged volume scans. This work suggests that the proposed combination of WF-OCT and WSAO may find applications in the diagnosis and treatment of ocular, and potentially neurodegenerative, diseases of the peripheral retina, including diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease.
Impact of concomitant chemoradiation on survival for patients with T1-2N1 head and neck cancer.

BACKGROUND Single-modality radiotherapy is considered a standard-of-care option for certain stage III, T1-2N1 head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs). The role of concomitant chemoradiation is not well established because there have been no studies comparing chemoradiation with radiation alone in this population. METHODS This study analyzed patients in the National Cancer Data Base with cT1-2N1M0 invasive squamous cell carcinomas of the oropharynx, larynx, and hypopharynx who were diagnosed between 2004 and 2012 and were undergoing definitive radiation. Patients who were undergoing surgery before radiation with unknown follow-up or for whom either the receipt or timing of chemotherapy was unknown were excluded. RESULTS In all, 5030 patients with T1-2N1 oropharyngeal, laryngeal, or hypopharyngeal cancer were included. The median follow-up was 56.8 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 55.7-58.6 months). Overall, 68% of the patients received concomitant chemoradiation (CCRT). The use of CCRT significantly increased during the time period of this study from 53% in 2004 to 78% in 2012 (P < .001). CCRT was associated with improved overall survival (OS) in comparison with radiation alone in a multivariate analysis (hazard ratio [HR], 0.80; 95% CI, 0.72-0.88; P < .001). In propensity score–adjusted analyses, CCRT remained significantly associated with improved OS, with 5-year OS rates of 63.5% (95% CI, 60.7%-66.2%) and 55.6% (95% CI, 52.7%-58.4%; P < .001) with CCRT and radiation alone, respectively. Subgroup analyses showed a benefit across the majority of subgroups, including patients with oropharyngeal cancer (HR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.65-0.85; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Concomitant chemoradiation is associated with improved survival for patients with T1-2N1 HNSCC. Prospective trials in this population should be pursued. Cancer 2017;123:1555–1565. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Identifying Factors that Influence Trust in Automated Cars and Medical Diagnosis Systems

Our research goals are to understand and model the factors that affect trust in automation across a variety of application domains. For the initial surveys described in this paper, we selected two domains: automotive and medical. Specifically, we focused on driverless cars (e.g., Google Cars) and automated medical diagnoses (e.g., IBM’s Watson). There were two dimensions for each survey: the safety criticality of the situation in which the system was being used and name-brand recognizability. We designed the surveys and administered them electronically, using Survey Monkey and Amazon’s Mechanical Turk. We then performed statistical analyses of the survey results to discover common factors across the domains, domain-specific factors, and implications of safety criticality and brand recognizability on trust factors. We found commonalities as well as dissimilarities in factors between the two domains, suggesting the possibility of creating a core model of trust that could be modified for individual domains. The results of our research will allow for the creation of design guidelines for autonomous systems that will be better accepted and used by target populations.
Contours of neoliberalism in US empirical educational research

ABSTRACTNeoliberalism has an enormous influence on P-12 education in most industrial societies. In this integrative, theoretical literature review, we surveyed the journal articles on neoliberalism in US-based educational research to better understand how neoliberalism has been conceptualized in this body of work and to offer implications for future research on neoliberalism and education. We drew on Foucauldian discourse theories to conduct an analysis of peer-reviewed studies of American P-12 contexts to consider how researchers' depictions of neoliberalism have shaped the discourse of neoliberalism in education and contributed to particular ways of thinking and responding to neoliberalism in the U.S. The resulting analysis describes the topics addressed in the data, the definitions of neoliberalism presented across the studies, the application of neoliberalism to phenomena, and the depth of attention to neoliberalism in the research. The authors contend that future research must consider and document h...
The multi-faceted potential of CD38 antibody targeting in multiple myeloma

CD38, an adenine dinucleotide phosphate (ADP) ribose cyclase and a cyclic ADP ribose hydrolase, is widely expressed on the surface of multiple myeloma (MM) cells. It is known to play a pivotal role in the downstream pathways that mediate MM cell growth, signal transduction, and adhesion. The clinical use of CD38 monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs), such as daratumumab, either as monotherapy or in combination with other anti-MM agents, has produced impressive results in patients who have failed standard MM therapy. CD38 MoAbs exhibit several cytotoxic mechanisms on MM cells. In addition to the classical effector mechanisms associated with antibody therapy, CD38 MoAbs induce MM apoptosis and clonal T-cell expansion. Here, we summarize the results of some pivotal clinical studies using a human CD38 MoAb, daratumumab, in patients with MM, discuss the anti-MM effector mechanisms induced by CD38 MoAbs, and review the potential tumor antigens that may be suitable targets for immunotherapy of MM. Finally, we present a paradigm of immunotherapy for MM patients using CD38 MoAbs followed by GM-CSF and an immune checkpoint inhibitor in patients who have undergone high dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplant. CD38 MoAbs have emerged as a novel and ultimately very promising immunotherapeutic agent for MM because of its ability to induce MM cytotoxicity through both arms of the adaptive immune responses.
Introduction to Sustainable and Green Engineering: General Principles and Targets

This article presents a brief introduction to the field of sustainable and green engineering. The article begins with a brief case of the historical path of early aspects of sustainability from a regulatory perspective. The case is made that the adoption of programs that safeguard human health and ecological systems was primarily due to a series of disastrous incidents and then regulations were enacted. This cycle of steps needs to change to a proactive use of sustainable and green engineering. Adoption of many of the sustainable technologies in this encyclopedia as well as educational programs in sustainability should be implemented. In this chapter an introduction to green engineering design of a chemical process is given. This is followed by a presentation of the life-cycle assessment tool. In conclusion a sustainability tool used to evaluate the companies in the chemical industry is presented.
Thermophysical properties study of micro/nano materials

Thermal transport in micro/nano materials is very critical, not only because the thermal property may have important influence on the performance of the materials, but also because the change of this property can reflect the inner structure change. Due to the complicated structure and small scale, the thermal properties of biomaterials, such as silkworm silk, spider silk and human head hair, are still not fully understood. Experiments are conducted on silkworm silk, spider silk and human head hair to explore their thermal properties and potential applications. This work reports on the first time study of thermal transport in the axial direction of single silkworm silks. The measured thermal diffusivity of relaxed silkworm silk and thermal conductivity are 0.39 × 10 -6 ~2.03 × 10 -6 m 2 s -1 and 0.54~6.53 W m -1 K -1 , respectively. The thermal diffusivity of silkworm silk increases up to 263% upon elongation up to 63.8%. For one of the samples studied (sample 5), its thermal conductivity goes up to 13.1 W m -1 K -1 after elongation of 68.3%, surpassing many other polymers. Three factors combine together to give rise of the remarkable thermal diffusivity increase: alignment improvement of sheets blocks, straightening of -helices and random coils under stretching, and structural transformation from -helices and random coils to β-sheets crystal by elongation (confirmed by our Raman spectroscopy study). Thermal path break-down is observed when elongation is beyond 63.8%. Our Raman spectroscopy study confirms
Analysis of Capacity Constrained Resource with Parallel Processes

This paper analyses and provides insights into the time buffer size of a capacity constrained resource (CCR) with multiple parallel processes in the context of the Theory of Constraints (TOC). We describe the CCR as a finite multi-server queue, where the appropriate capacity size (including the CCR’s time buffer and servers) would protect the CCR from becoming idle with a certain probability, denoted as the accepted idle rate. We then formulate a constrained optimization model, where the key decision variable is the capacity size, and the objective is to maximize the net profit, defined in the TOC as the difference of throughput and operating expenses. We also prove that the model has a unique optimal solution for the capacity size. For the in-depth understanding of the model’s optimal solutions, we conduct a sensitivity analysis of the optimal capacity size and net profit based on variations of the model parameters, i.e., accepted idle rate, arrival rate, processing (service) rate, and cost characteristics. This sensitivity analysis proves the existence of important thresholds for these model parameters, and we explain the behavior of the optimal capacity size and net profit depending on the values of these parameters above or below their respective thresholds.
A result for the Coulomb electrostatic energy of a uniformly charged disk

Abstract Closed-form expressions of the Coulomb electrostatic potential created by a uniformly charged disk at some arbitrary point in space are readily available. We rely on one of these expressions to provide the simplest possible derivation of the Coulomb electrostatic energy of a uniformly charged disk.
Intelligent Nanofiber Composites: Dynamic Communication between Materials and Their Environment

Intelligence of living and nonliving systems is often characterized by the ability to communicate through signal and response. In the polymer science community, this intelligence is realized through the reaction of a material construct to environmental triggers. These smart materials are modeled after natural materials, which utilize matrix–fiber architectures to detect stimuli, release small molecules, or alter their macroscopic morphology in response to stimuli. As such, researchers have designed matrix–fiber composites, which function as release vehicles, sensors or switches, and actuators. Through the examination of the architecture and environmental triggering of these natural muses, the fundamental design parameters necessary for functional response in matrix–fiber composites and the ability to utilize these composites in targeted applications are highlighted. Opportunities for innovation in composite design are also discussed.
On the Relationship Between Squared Canonical Correlation and Matrix Norm

In research on approximating factor analysis (FA) by principal component analysis (PCA), FA loadings and PCA loadings are typically compared using some measure of closeness or distance. Previous studies have used the average squared canonical correlation (ASCC) between the two loading matrices as a measure of closeness. This measure has the advantages of being invariant with respect to sign and column changes, and most conveniently, it is not affected by rotations. However, the drawback of ASCC is that it is hard to intuitively perceive the size of the distance between the (elements of) two loading matrices. Therefore, other measures of difference between matrices such as the Frobenius norm are sometimes preferred. However, then complexities might occur such as the sign changes and the column alignment of the corresponding factors/components as well as rotational indeterminacy. The current study aims to characterize the relationship between the ASCC and a direct measure derived from matrix norms (e.g., Frobenius norm), which facilitates the understanding of the closeness between PCA and FA.
Youth Developing Political Efficacy Through Social Learning Experiences: Becoming Active Participants in a Supportive Model United Nations Club

Prior research indicates that individuals are more likely to take political action (e.g., vote, contact representatives, protest) when they have higher levels of political efficacy, the belief that one’s actions can influence political processes. In this mixed methods longitudinal study, I draw on Wenger’s and Bandura’s theories of social learning to examine how adolescents’ political efficacy developed during their experiences in a Model United Nations club. Through analyses of data from questionnaires, interviews, and observations, I found that students’ political efficacy increased as they became active club participants. Supportive relationships with club peers and advisors encouraged regular involvement, which in turn provided participants repeated opportunities to prepare for and practice authentic political tasks—experiences that supported their political efficacy. These findings enhance our understanding of successful democratic education and have useful implications for educators and researchers interested in political engagement.
Influence of metformin and insulin on myocardial substrate oxidation under conditions encountered during cardiac surgery.

Abstract Background The influence of diabetic therapies on myocardial substrate selection during cardiac surgery is unknown but may be important to ensure optimal surgical outcomes. We hypothesized that metformin and insulin alter myocardial substrate selection during cardiac surgery and may affect reperfusion cardiac function. Methods Rat hearts (n = 8 per group) were evaluated under 3 metabolic conditions: normokalemia, cardioplegia, or bypass. Groups were perfused with Krebs-Henseleit buffer in the presence of no additives, metformin, insulin, or both insulin and metformin. Perfusion buffer containing physiologic concentrations of energetic substrates with different carbon-13 (13C) labeling patterns were used to determine substrate oxidation preferences using 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy and glutamate isotopomer analysis. Rate pressure product and oxygen consumption were measured. Results Myocardial function was not different between groups. For normokalemia, ketone oxidation was reduced in the presence of insulin and the combination of metformin and insulin reduced fatty acid oxidation. Metformin reduced fatty acid and ketone oxidation during cardioplegia. Fatty acid oxidation was increased in the bypass group compared with all other conditions. Conclusion Metformin and insulin affect substrate utilization and reduce fatty acid oxidation before reperfusion. These alterations in substrate oxidation did not affect myocardial function in otherwise normal hearts.
China's Rise, Taiwan's Dilemma's and International Peace

Preface Part 1: Taiwan's Identity and China's Policy 1. Taiwanese Nationalism and the "Unforgettable Others" 2. The Political-Economic Paradox Part 2: Taiwan's Dilemmas 3. China Isolates Taiwan 4. The High Cost of Excluding Taiwan from the WHO 5. One China, Diplomatic Isolation and a Separate Taiwan 5. Civil Society, Grassroots Aspirations and Diplomatic Isolation 7. Taiwan Adapts to the Network Society Part 3: China's Rise and International Peace 8. Taiwan's Participation in International Organizations Vincent Wei-cheng Wang 9. Taiwan's Bid for U.N. Membership 10. Taiwan's Asia-Pacific Geo-Strategic Value 11. China's Dilemma on Using Military Force 11. Marginalizing Taiwan Weakens Mainland Security
Absolute Continuity and Singularity of Measures Without Measure Theory

This chapter presents proofs, largely by Hilbert-space arguments, of two classical results about measures on the circle associated with the Riesz Brothers (1916) and Gabor Szego (1920).
A Network Perspective on Success in Collaboration: Stop Citing Me for Our Own Good?

Interdisciplinary teams are established in scientific research with the goal of solving complex problems. Given their increasing importance, it is not surprising that there has been considerable at...
Culturally and Linguistically Responsive Mathematics Instruction for English Learners in Multitiered Support Systems: PLUSS Enhancements.

This study examined the impact of linguistic and cultural enhancements to evidence-based mathematics instruction within a multitiered support system for English learners. The study employed a singl...
Reactions of CF3O- with Atmospheric Trace Gases

The rate coefficients and product yields for the reactions of CF3O- with ClONO2, HNO3, HCl, N2O5, SO2, HI, and H2O were measured at 295 K and ∼0.4 Torr using the flowing afterglow technique. The reactions of CF3O- with HO2NO2 and H2SO4 were also studied qualitatively. CF3O- reacts rapidly with ClONO2, HO2NO2, SO2, and HCl by only fluoride transfer and with HNO3, HI, and H2SO4 by both fluoride and proton transfer. CF3O- also reacts with HI to form IF2- and with N2O5 to produce NO3-. CF3O- undergoes a slow clustering reaction with H2O and is transformed within water clusters into F-·HF and F-·(HF)2. CF3O- is unreactive with CH3NO3, CH3C(O)O2NO2, O3, NO2, CO2, and O2. These results demonstrate that CF3O- is an excellent candidate as a reagent ion for the selective detection of ClONO2, HCl, and HNO3 in the upper troposphere and stratosphere with a chemical ionization mass spectrometer. The observed reaction of CF3O- with H2O within water clusters indicates that CF3O- will hydrolyze in aqueous solution to form...
Which novel agents hold the greatest promise in AML

The therapeutic landscape for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has changed dramatically with the approval of targeted agents, including venetoclax, midostaurin, gilteritinib, ivosidenib, and enasidenib, among others. However, older patients with AML continue to experience poorer outcomes and are in ongoing need of more effective and less toxic regimens. This review examines the efficacy of novel therapeutics and promising combination approaches to further improve outcomes in the treatment of patients with AML.
Combined Endoscopic Mucosal Resection and Extended Laparoscopic Appendectomy for the Treatment of Periappendiceal, Cecal, and Appendiceal Adenomas.

Abstract Background Surgical resection is the gold standard in the treatment of neoplasia involving the appendiceal orifice (Ao). Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) of adenomas involving the Ao can be challenging because of the risk of appendicitis, perforation, or incomplete resection. Surgical resection of Ao lesions is limited by the difficulty of ensuring a negative lateral margin without compromising the ileocecal valve and usually necessitates ileocecal resection. Although combined endoscopic and laparoscopic surgery has become more widely accepted for a variety of conditions, a structured approach to lesions involving the Ao has yet to be described. We describe a novel approach to the treatment of periappendiceal, cecal, and appendiceal adenomas—and present an algorithm to guide decision-making regarding the application of these techniques. Methods All patients referred to our therapeutic endoscopy practice with tumors involving the Ao between August 2013 and July 2017 were included. Based on tumor size and involvement of the os, patients were either referred for extended laparoscopic appendectomy (ELA), EMR, or a combined approach. Results In total, 47 patients were included; 25 patients underwent EMR only, 13 patients underwent ELA only, and nine patients underwent combined resection. Two patients undergoing EMR had postpolypectomy syndrome. One EMR-only patient with a positive lateral margin was referred for appendectomy, but declined. No patient required ileocecectomy. Pathologic examination revealed a high rate of sessile serrated adenoma (SSA; 36%). Conclusions Our results introduce a decision algorithm and suggest that EMR combined with ELA is a safe and curative technique for the treatment of large cecal adenomas involving the Ao.
Research on the lead accumulation and intervention effect of children living near the surroundings of industrial area of a certain city in Zhejiang

Objective To investigate the blood lead level of children liying near industrial zone,and explore the intervention effect of reducing blood lead,so as to provide scientific basis for formulating control strategies.Methods In 2011,268 children surrounding industrial zone (exposure group) and 268 children away from the industrial area(control group) were selected by cluster random sampling.The blood lead level and abnormal rate between the two groups were compared,and the effects of comprehensive intervention were studied.Results Blood lead level in the exposure group [(99.96 ± 43.27) μg/L] was higher than that in the control group [(49.69 ± 23.97) μg/L],so was the abnormal rate.The blood lead level in the 4-6 age group was the highest among all the age groups.It reached (109.71 ±41.18) μg/L.Conclusions The lead pollution in surroundings of industrial zone is not so optimistic.The effective method to prevent children from high blood lead and lead poisoning in industrial area surroundings is to strengthen health education on children,and take parallel auxiliary comprehensive intervention. Key words: Lead poisoning; Children; Effect of intervention; Industrial area
An Integrative Review of the Role of the Oral and Gut Microbiome in Oral Health Symptomatology During Cancer Therapy

Problem identification Both chemotherapy and radiation therapy cause considerable symptom burden on patients' oral health, influencing nutritional status and quality of life. The role of the oral and gut microbiome in oral health alterations during cancer therapy is an emerging area of science in symptom management. Literature search PubMed®, CINAHL®, and Scopus® were searched for articles published from January 2000 through July 2020. Data evaluation Articles published in English that were focused on chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy were included in the review. Synthesis Of the 22 identified studies, 12 described oral health symptoms during chemotherapy and radiation therapy for head and neck cancer. Ten studies assessed symptoms during treatment for a variety of solid tumors and blood cancers, with four of these describing microbial interventions for the management of oral mucositis. Interventions varied, but the results supported the benefits of probiotics and synbiotics in reducing mucositis severity. Overall, less diverse oral and gut microbiome environments were associated with increased severity of oral health symptomatology. Implications for practice Additional research is needed to determine how the oral and gut microbiome and microbial interventions may be used to improve oral health management during cancer treatment.
Tau heckles speckles: A pathogenic mechanism in tauopathy?

Protein aggregates can sequester RNA in neurodegenerative disease, but the exact RNAs sequestered by tau inclusions have remained uncharacterized. In this issue of Neuron, Lester et al. (2021) begin to identify these RNAs and reveal related perturbations in nuclear speckles.
Managing Adverse Selection: Underinsurance vs. Underenrollment

Adverse selection in insurance markets may lead some consumers to underinsure or too few consumers to purchase insurance relative to the socially optimal level. I study whether government intervention can mitigate both underinsurance and underenrollment due to adverse selection. I establish theoretical conditions under which there exists a tradeoff in addressing underinsurance and underenrollment. I then estimate a model of the California ACA insurance exchange using consumer-level data to quantify the welfare impact of risk adjustment and the individual mandate. I find (1) risk adjustment reduces underinsurance, but reduces enrollment and (2) the mandate increases enrollment, but increases underinsurance.
Amine-functionalized metal-organic framework ZIF-8 toward colorimetric CO2 sensing in indoor air environment

Abstract Carbon dioxide (CO2) has been shown to contribute to human health consequences indoors, such as shortness of breath, nasal and optic irritation, dizziness, and nausea. In this work, we explore the potential of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) as highly-porous, crystalline sorbents for sensitive colorimetric CO2 detection. In particular, the zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-8) is chosen as the sorptive material due to its chemical stability and tunable CO2 affinity. The colorimetric gas sensor is developed in methanol with three components: (i) MOF ZIF-8 as a high surface area adsorbent; (ii) ethylenediamine (ED) as the CO2-affinitive basic function; and (iii) phenolsulfonpthalein (PSP) as the pH indicator. Colorimetric assays and ratiometric analysis confirm a colorimetric response to variable CO2 concentrations of relevance to indoor air quality. The color response is attributed to a zwitterion mechanism whereby ED reacts with CO2 to form a zwitterionic intermediate. This intermediate is then deprotonated by the pH indicator, shifting the pH and inducing a color change. Given its simple fabrication, rapid and obvious response, and stability in ambient environment, the ZIF-8-based colorimetric sensor provides a promising route for an improved indoor air quality monitoring.
Educational Opportunity and the Carceral System: Sentencing Policies and Black Men's College Enrollment:

This paper explores whether the Federal Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994, which increased the disproportionate incarceration of young Black men, was also associated with change...
Delocalizing Strain in Interconnected Joints of On-Skin Interfaces

Durable and reliable fabrication of on-skin systems remains an open research question to enable developing on-skin interfaces at scale. One of the main challenges is the complexity in achieving robust devices to connect hard goods (printed circuit boards and electronics) with extremely soft materials (slim on-skin interface traces). This paper presents a systematic study evaluating the durability of 5 interconnection designs (including PCB shape, solder pad positions, and rigid versus flexible PCB) for on-skin systems under stretching and bending tests. The study results show the significant robustness of interconnects on flexible PCBs over rigid PCBs under bending and the better performance of elongated shaped flexible PCBs over shorter flexible PCBs. Further, we demonstrate that an interposer design consisting of 2 layers of flexible PCBs combines the benefits of both the rigid and flexible boards. Based on our experimental results, we present a set of design guidelines for PCB interconnect design for resilient on-skin systems.
Insurance and Behavioral Economics: Improving Decisions in the Most Misunderstood Industry

This book examines the behavior of individuals at risk and insurance industry decision makers involved in selling, buying and regulation. It compares their actions to those predicted by benchmark models of choice derived from classical economic theory. Where actual choices stray from predictions, the behavior is considered to be anomalous. Howard C. Kunreuther, Mark Pauly and Stacey McMorrow attempt to understand why these anomalies occur, in many cases using insights from behavioral economics. The authors then consider if and how such behavioral anomalies could be modified to improve individual and social welfare. This book describes situations in which both public policy and the insurance industry's collective posture need to change. This may require incentives, rules and institutions to help reduce both inefficient and anomalous behavior, thereby encouraging behavior that will improve individual and social welfare.
A Few to Flip the Angiogenic Switch

A relatively small number of endothelial progenitor cells have a profound effect on tumor growth and metastasis.
Comparison studies of dinitrogenase reductase ADP-ribosyl transferase/dinitrogenase reductase activating glycohydrolase regulatory systems in Rhodospirillum rubrum and Azospirillum brasilense.

Reversible ADP ribosylation of dinitrogenase reductase, catalyzed by the dinitrogenase reductase ADP-ribosyl transferase (DRAT)/dinitrogenase reductase activating glycohydrolase (DRAG) regulatory system, has been characterized in both Rhodospirillum rubrum and Azospirillum brasilense. Although the general functions of DRAT and DRAG are very similar in these two organisms, there are a number of interesting differences, e.g., in the timing and extent of the regulatory response to different stimuli. In this work, the basis of these differences has been studied by the heterologous expression of either draTG or nifH from A. brasilense in R. rubrum mutants that lack these genes, as well as the expression of draTG from R. rubrum in an A. brasilense draTG mutant. In general, these hybrid strains respond to stimuli in a manner similar to that of the wild-type parent of the recipient strain rather than the wild-type source of the introduced genes. These results suggest that the differences seen in the regulatory response in these organisms are not primarily a result of different properties of DRAT, DRAG, or dinitrogenase reductase. Instead, the differences are likely the result of different signal pathways that regulate DRAG and DRAT activities in these two organisms. Our results also suggest that draT and draG are cotranscribed in A. brasilense.
On the Theoretical Justification of Adaptive Optimization

Results in support of a class of steady-state adaptive optimization algorithms are presented. It is first proved that a local dynamic model with suitable functional form and "correct" parameter values has the same optimum steady state as the true process, provided that the true process optimum occurs at a point where the gradient of the performance measure vanishes. The functional form needed is dictated by the structure of the performance measure. Subsequently, it is shown that if the suitable local model parameters are identified on line using an estimator with forgetting factor, the model parameter estimates cannot converge to values far from the above mentioned "correct" values. Thus an adaptive steady-state optimizer based on a suitable dynamic model cannot converge to a steady state far from the true optimum.
"Motionyms": activity-related musculoskeletal and medical problems (or "not an eponym!!").

AbstractMany common conditions in sports medicine are eponymous; that is, they are named for the person first describing or popularizing the diagnosis. But other medical conditions are named for the action or activity that is associated with the pathology. This article lists and references these conditions, and suggests that this group of conditions should be called “motionyms”.
Designing Cost-Effective Pressure Vessels Based On Fracture Mechanics

Fracture mechanics provides the framework to couple materials properties with the design requirements for pressure vessel applications. Materials can be rated with regard to fracture-safe performance and their ability to fulfill the service life requirements. The approach results in a material-selection process, which, when coupled with fabrication costs, can be analyzed from a cost-effective viewpoint. The approach is primarily related to the design of large-diameter pressure vessels.
Maintenance steroid use at 30 days post-transplant and outcomes of pediatric heart transplantation: A propensity matched analysis of the Pediatric Heart Transplant Study database.

Background Maintenance steroid (MS) use in pediatric heart transplantation is variable. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of MS use on graft outcomes. Methods All patients N = 2,178). Patients were grouped by MS use at 30 days post-transplant as MS+ or MS− (no MS use). Propensity score analysis was used to generate matched groups of MS+ and MS− patients based on pre-transplant and peri-transplant factors. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to compare freedom from graft loss, graft loss secondary to rejection, rejection, rejection with severe hemodynamic compromise (RSHC), malignancy, and infection between groups. Results Of patients, 1,393 (64%) were MS+ and 785 (36%) were MS−. There were 315 MS− patients who had propensity matched MS+ controls. Kaplan-Meier estimates showed no difference in graft loss ( p = 0.9) or graft loss secondary to rejection ( p = 0.09). At 1 year post-transplant, there was no difference in freedom from rejection ( p = 0.15) or malignancy ( p = 0.07), but there was lower freedom from RSHC and infection in the MS− group ( p = 0.05 and p = 0.02, respectively). Conclusions MS use at 30 days post-transplant was not associated with enhanced graft survival after pediatric heart transplant. MS− patients had a higher incidence of RSHC and infection. These risks should be taken into consideration when determining MS use for pediatric recipients of heart transplants.
Biological and MRI characterization of biomimetic ECM scaffolds for cartilage tissue regeneration.

Osteoarthritis is the most common joint disorder affecting millions of people. Most scaffolds developed for cartilage regeneration fail due to vascularization and matrix mineralization. In this study we present a chondrogenic extracellular matrix (ECM) incorporated collagen/chitosan scaffold (chondrogenic ECM scaffold) for potential use in cartilage regenerative therapy. Biochemical characterization showed that these scaffolds possess key pro-chondrogenic ECM components and growth factors. MRI characterization showed that the scaffolds possess mechanical properties and diffusion characteristics important for cartilage tissue regeneration. In vivo implantation of the chondrogenic ECM scaffolds with bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) triggered chondrogenic differentiation of the MSCs without the need for external stimulus. Finally, results from in vivo MRI experiments indicate that the chondrogenic ECM scaffolds are stable and possess MR properties on par with native cartilage. Based on our results, we envision that such ECM incorporated scaffolds have great potential in cartilage regenerative therapy. Additionally, our validation of MR parameters with histology and biochemical analysis indicates the ability of MRI techniques to track the progress of our ECM scaffolds non-invasively in vivo; highlighting the translatory potential of this technology.