cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
High Angle and Ligand-induced Low Angle DNA Bends Incited by OccR Lie in the Same Plane with OccR Bound to the Interior Angle

Abstract The OccR protein of Agrobacterium tumefaciens activates transcription of the occQ operon in response to octopine. Octopine shortens the DNase I footprint of OccR and relaxes an OccR-incited DNA bend. In this study we used hydroxyl radical footprinting to show that OccR contacts only one face of the operator. This contact spans 50 nucleotide pairs in the absence of octopine, and 39 nucleotide pairs in the presence of octopine. Octopine enhanced protection of the central region of the footprint. OccR blocked intercalation by methidiumpropyl EDTA along most of the operator, but did not block intercalation at the bend center. OccR protected DNA against both reagents far more completely at the promoter-distal half of the operator than at the promoter-promixal half. Experiments to alter the phasing between the operator bend and an adjacent sequence-directed bend indicated that the high angle DNA bend in the absence of octopine, and the low angle bend in the presence of octopine, lie in the same plane. Operator DNA was bent toward the helical face that OccR protected from hydroxyl radicals, indicating that OccR occupies the interior angle of this bend.
Synaptic communication between neurons and NG2+ cells.

Chemical synaptic transmission provides the basis for much of the rapid signaling that occurs within neuronal networks. However, recent studies have provided compelling evidence that synapses are not used exclusively for communication between neurons. Physiological and anatomical studies indicate that a distinct class of glia known as NG2+ cells also forms direct synaptic junctions with both glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons. Glutamatergic signaling can influence intracellular Ca2+ levels in NG2+ cells by activating Ca2+ permeable AMPA receptors, and these inputs can be potentiated through high frequency stimulation. Although the significance of this highly differentiated form of communication remains to be established, these neuro–glia synapses might enable neurons to influence rapidly the behavior of this ubiquitous class of glial progenitors.
Hormonal stimulation of 12(R)-HETE, a cytochrome P450 arachidonic acid metabolite in the rabbit cornea.

12(R)-HETE [12(R)-hydroxy-5,8,10,14 eico-satetraenoic acid] is one of the major arachidonic acid metabolites produced by microsomal cytochrome P450 of the corneal epithelium. This metabolite is a potent inhibitor of Na+-K+-ATPase activity in several tissues. We investigated endogenous production of 12(R)-HETE in the rabbit corneal epithelium. Incubation of corneal epithelial sheets (prelabeled with 14C-arachidonic acid) with arginine vasopressin resulted in the production of radioactive 12(R)-HETE suggesting its formation from endogenously labeled arachidonic acid. The maximal response was obtained with 1 μM arginine vasopressin and represents a 15-fold increase in 12(R)-HETE formation compared with that of control tissues. Stimulation of 14-arachidonic acid release with a detergent, digitonin, also resulted in endogenous 12(R)-HETE formation. Analysis of the incubation media following digitonin treatment of prelabeled corneal epithelial sheets revealed that 12(R)-HETE production was maximal at 20 μM digi...
Effects of implant spacer on InP-based self-aligned pseudomorphic SIGFETs

An InP-based normally-off superlattice-insulated-gate field-effect transistor (SIGFET) with a T-shaped gate structure has been developed using an angled self-aligned implant process. The spacing to the n+ source/drain regions created with this new process increases the breakdown voltage and lowers the gate capacitance. It also reduces the short channel effect while a high gm value is maintained. A cutoff frequency fT of 45 GHz was obtained for the SIGFET with 0.56 µm gate length.
Comparison of surface and ultrasound localization to identify forearm flexor muscles for botulinum toxin injections.

Objective To determine if ultrasound (US) localization is equivalent to surface landmark localization to identify botulinum toxin injection targets for forearm muscle spasticity. Design Observational. Setting Outpatient spasticity clinic in a tertiary care center. Subjects Eighteen patients with upper-extremity flexor spasticity that interferes with function were included. Individuals with severe fixed contractures or traumatic injury of the involved forearm were excluded. Methods Flexor pollicis longus, flexor carpi radialis, pronator teres, and flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) were identified by 2 separate localization techniques: the method of Delagi et al for flexor carpi radialis, pronator teres, and flexor pollicis longus; and a surface landmark technique by Bickerton et al to identify the 4 muscle bellies of FDS. Proximodistal and lateral (radial) coordinates were recorded relative to a landmark line from the medial epicondyle to pisiform bone, and percentage of landmark line distance was calculated. After surface measurements were collected, the best point for injection was determined by using real-time US with a 12-MHz linear transducer. US measurements were recorded by using the same landmark line system. Results Localization techniques were compared by using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. One-sample t -tests compared surface-mapped lateral coordinates to US-derived lateral coordinates with controls for multiple testing. Significant differences were observed between surface and US proximodistal and lateral coordinates for several flexor muscles. Conclusions US should be considered as an adjunct for localization in patients with upper-limb spasticity. US can improve accuracy of toxin placement and help to avoid injection into vascular and nerve structures.
The effect of thalidomide on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines: Possible involvement in the PPARγ pathway

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in developed countries. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) represents 80% of the total lung cancer cases and is comprised of adenocarcinoma, adenosquamous carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and large cell carcinoma (LCC) subtypes. The ability of LCC to metastasize earlier than the other forms of lung cancer suggests anti-angiogenic drugs as effective agents to combat this cancer. Thalidomide is an anti-angiogenic drug that has shown promise in multiple hematological diseases, and myeloma and other cancers. However, the molecular mechanism by which thalidomide exerts its effects is poorly understood. Therefore, we evaluated the effectiveness of thalidomide on NSCLC cell growth, and found that LCC cells were growth inhibited by 40-60%. This effect seemed specific to LCC cancer cells, since other forms of NSCLC were only mildly affected by thalidomide. At the molecular level, thalidomide increased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) protein dose-dependently, and peroxisome proliferator response element activity. Further, thalidomide treatment of LCC cells decreased nuclear factor kappa B activity in a dose-dependent fashion, increased apoptosis and decreased the expression of angiogenic proteins. In our mouse xenograft model of lung cancer, we found that intratumoral thalidomide caused a 64% decrease in tumor growth; moreover, tumors from the thalidomide-treated mice expressed higher PPARgamma, than tumors from control mice. This study shows the antitumor activity of thalidomide against LCC tumors and suggests a model in which thalidomide exerts its antitumor effects on LCC cells through the induction of PPARgamma and subsequent downstream signaling. To our knowledge, this is the first study to show a link between thalidomide and PPARgamma.
Resiliency and response to hurricane disturbance in a tropical shrub, Ardisia escallonioides (Myrsinaceae), in south Florida

The resiliency to hurricane disturbance and the response to posthurricane environmental conditions were examined in the tropical shrub Ardisia escallonioides (Myrsinaceae). Hurricane Andrew struck three of four study sites in subtropical hardwood forests in south Florida on 24 August 1992. Posthurricane understory light levels in the disturbed sites ranged from 21 to 53% of full light in 1993 and remained high in 1994; in contrast, light levels averaged only 9% in the undisturbed forest. Significant differences in mortality, damage, and defoliation were observed among the three hurricane-damaged populations. Mortality was low, but adults suffered high levels of damage and defoliation. Following the hurricane, populations in the most severely disturbed forests had more growth than populations in lightly damaged or undamaged forests. Seed germination and seedling growth were not associated with light availability. No long-term seed dormancy was observed. The observed response to posthurricane environmental conditions is consistent with understory species that show release following canopy opening, but are able to persist under periods of canopy closure. The local dominance of this species in many coastal forests in south Florida may be due to the high frequency of hurricane disturbance.
Quantitative Analyses of Biographies of Political Figures

Summary Fifteen male and female undergraduate judges rated 15 historical and political figures from selected biographies, using a survey instrument originally developed to investigate currently active leader behavior. The instrument's rating scales were previously shown to possess adequate internal consistency reliability; the present study showed that their application to the rating of biographies resulted in good interrater profile agreement. Further confirmation came from a factor analysis of the judges' ratings. Six clusters were identified: I. Autocratic-Submissive; II. Trustworthy Subordinates; III. Clear Orderly Relationships; IV. Structured and Sensitive to External Influences; V. Satisfying Differential Power; VI. Equalitarian, Analytic, and Constrained. The method was judged suitable for further quantitative analysis of any desired segment of history for further understanding of the persons, situations, and behaviors displayed.
Clathrin mediates integrin endocytosis for focal adhesion disassembly in migrating cells.

Focal adhesion disassembly is regulated by microtubules (MTs) through an unknown mechanism that involves dynamin. To test whether endocytosis may be involved, we interfered with the function of clathrin or its adaptors autosomal recessive hypercholesteremia (ARH) and Dab2 (Disabled-2) and found that both treatments prevented MT-induced focal adhesion disassembly. Surface labeling experiments showed that integrin was endocytosed in an extracellular matrix–, clathrin-, and ARH- and Dab2-dependent manner before entering Rab5 endosomes. Clathrin colocalized with a subset of focal adhesions in an ARH- and Dab2-dependent fashion. Direct imaging showed that clathrin rapidly accumulated on focal adhesions during MT-stimulated disassembly and departed from focal adhesions with integrin upon their disassembly. In migrating cells, depletion of clathrin or Dab2 and ARH inhibited focal adhesion disassembly and decreased the rate of migration. These results show that focal adhesion disassembly occurs through a targeted mechanism involving MTs, clathrin, and specific clathrin adaptors and that direct endocytosis of integrins from focal adhesions mediates their disassembly in migrating cells.
Reconceptualizing Mathematics Problem Solving for Low-Achieving Students:

Over the past century, learning theorists have advised researchers and practitioners on ways to improve student math performance. Available evidence suggests that these messages are mostly undelivered or unaccepted, or both, especially as they pertain to students who are unsuccessful in school. One of the reasons for the disconnection may be confusion about how learning theory can help identify suitable ways of delivering mathematics instruction to special populations. Based on a review of the literature in general education and special education, this article proposes a key model for teaching math to at-risk students. Implications of the model for research and instruction are explored.
Optimal control of admission to a queueing system

Congestion in a queueing system can sometimes be controlled by restricting arrivals, either by "closing a gate" or by charging an entrance fee or toll. We review both static (open-loop) and dynamic (closed-loop) models for control of admission to a queueing system. The main emphases are on the difference between socially optimal and individually optimal (equilibrium) controls and on the use of dynamic-programming inductive analysis to show that an optimal control is monotonic or characterized by one or more "critical numbers." We discuss the potential for use of these models in the analysis of computer/ communication systems and compare the results to certain others in the literature.
Social anxiety and positive emotions: a prospective examination of a self-regulatory model with tendencies to suppress or express emotions as a moderating variable.

The purpose of the present study was to examine social anxiety as a predictor of positive emotions using a short-term prospective design. We examined whether the effects of social anxiety on positive emotions are moderated by tendencies to openly express or supress emotions. Over the course of a 3-month interval, people with excessive social anxiety endorsed stable, low levels of positive emotions. In addition, people with low social anxiety who frequently display their emotions openly, whether negative or positive, reported the greatest increases in positive emotions. Similar results were found when using a measure of emotion suppression (low social anxiety and less tendency to rely on these types of regulatory acts led to the greatest positive emotions). These social anxiety main and interactive effects could not be attributed to depressive symptoms. Our findings suggest that relations between social anxiety and positive emotional experiences over time are best understood in the context of meaningful individual differences such as affect regulatory strategies.
Rapid modulation of lung and liver macrophage phospholipid fatty acids in endotoxemic rats by continuous enteral feeding with n-3 and gamma-linolenic fatty acids

Dienoic eicosanoids derived from phospholipid arachidonic acid (AA) in lung and liver macrophages promote leukosequestration, thrombosis, and tissue injury. Current enteral diets (diet A) are enriched with linoleic acid (LA), a precursor of AA. Novel diets low in LA and containing eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) foster formation of less inflammatory eicosanoids. The study objective was to assess the rapidity and extent of LA and AA displacement in vivo from alveolar macrophage (AM phi), lung, and liver Kupffer and endothelial (KE) cell phospholipids in rats fed enterally with diets enriched with 5.3% (by wt) EPA and either 1.2% or 4.6% GLA (diets B and C, respectively). After surgical placement of catheters, the rats were fed enterally and co-infused intravenously with either endotoxin or vehicle continuously for 3 or 6 d. Rats given either diet B or C had significantly lower (P < 0.01) relative percentages of AA and LA within the AM phi, lung, and KE cell phospholipids, and concomitantly higher percentages of EPA compared with rats infused with diet A after 3 d of enteral feeding irrespective of endotoxin co-infusion. Incorporation of dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DHGLA), the metabolite of GLA, into lung and KE phospholipids was significant in rats given diet C. Most of the changes in fatty acid composition occurred by day 3. The polyunsaturated fatty acid composition of AM phi, lung, and KE cell phospholipids can be rapidly modified by continuous short-term enteral feeding with EPA- and GLA-enriched diets irrespective of concurrent endotoxemia.
Crystal structure and size effects on the performance of Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2 cathodes

We have investigated the effects of crystal structure and size of Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2 (L333) cathodes on the performance of lithium-ion batteries. Cation ordering and particle sizes were determined as a function of annealing temperature with subsequent electrochemical performance monitored by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and charge–discharge testing. With increasing annealing temperature, L333 exhibits a greater cation ordering, which subsequently benefitted cell performance. However, higher annealing temperatures yielded larger crystal sizes, which resulted in a decrease in high rate discharge capacity and a significant capacity fade. This is attributed to an increase in lattice parameter and volume expansion during cycling, with the largest crystal sizes displaying the most significant structural changes due to the lower strain accommodation.
Sense and Reference Disambiguation in Wikipedia

Wikipedia articles are annotated by volunteer contributors with numerous links that connect words and phrases to relevant titles in Wikipedia. In this paper, we identify inconsistencies in the user annotation of links and show that they can have a substantial impact on the performance of word sense disambiguation systems that are trained on Wikipedia links. We describe two major types of link annotations ‐ sense and reference ‐ that are frequently used without being explicitly distinguished in Wikipedia, and present an approach to training sense and reference disambiguation systems in the presence of such annotation inconsistencies. Experimental results demonstrate that accounting for annotation ambiguity in Wikipedia links leads to significant improvements in disambiguation accuracy.
Zombie Verbs and Vampire Nouns

This brief complaint against voguish denominal verbs and verbed nouns, by a past president of Scribes - The American Society of Legal Writers, is one of his occasional contributions to the Society's newsletter, The Scrivener. Another is "Summon Your Inner Kingsfield," http://ssrn.com/abstract=1673229.
The binary matroids whose only odd circuits are triangles

This paper generalizes a graph-theoretical result of Maffray to binary matroids. In particular, we prove that a connected simple binary matroid M has no odd circuits other than triangles if and only if M is affine, M is M(K4) or F7, or M is the cycle matroid of a graph consisting of a collection of triangles all of which share a common edge. This result implies that a 2-connected loopless graph G has no odd bonds of size at least five if and only if G is Eulerian or G is a subdivision of either K4 or the graph that is obtained from a cycle of parallel pairs by deleting a single edge.
Harvesting Rates and Predatory Risk in Desert Rodents: A Comparison of Two Communities on Different Continents

Desert rodents from North America and the Middle East have converged morphologically. They may have converged in behavior as well. Effects of increased illumination on foraging activity was examined in desert rodent communities in the Great Basin Desert of U.S.A. and the Negev Desert of Israel. Foraging activity declined with increased illumination which suggests that increased predatory risk causes a decrease in foraging activity of desert rodents. Additional evidence suggests that predation also affects habitat selection behavior in both communities and may contribute to community structure in similar ways.
Abstract 5218: Development of Anti-CD47 therapy for pediatric brain tumors.

Introduction: Extensive molecular characterization of Brain tumors done in recent years has proven valuable for tumor classification, risk stratification and outcome prediction for current treatment modalities. However the current standard of care has not improved the prognosis and carries an increased risk of cognitive impairments for children with brain tumors. A characteristic feature of tumor progression and recurrence is its ability to evade the immune system. Our hypothesis is that by modulating the innate immune system we can enhance the ability of macrophages to ‘eat and kill’ brain cancer cells. Recent data suggests that the interaction between the cell surface antigen CD47 and its binding partner SIRPα is a mechanism by which non-solid and solid tumors can evade the innate immune system. To see if anti-CD47 therapy is a potential therapy in malignant pediatric brain tumors we first looked at CD47 expression in freshly isolated patient and postmortem samples from 4 different tumor types; Diffused Intrinsic Pontine Glioma, Medulloblastoma, Ependymoma and ATRTs. We tested the hypothesis that blocking CD47- SIRPα interaction induced phagocytosis in an in-vitro phagocytosis assay. We next established orthotopic xenografts models in immune compromised mice and treated them with anti-CD47 humanized antibody, which is currently being developed for clinical trials in hematopoietic and non-CNS malignancies. Result: CD47 expression was upregulated in all tumor types and was present in >90% of the cells in high grade tumors. Increased CD47 expression was observed in CD15+ and CD133+ putative cancer stem cell population. Blocking the CD47- SIRPα interaction increases tumor phagocytosis by macrophages in-vitro. Systemic treatment with anti-CD47 antibody significantly reduced tumor burden in an orthotopic xenograft setting. Conclusion: Anti-CD47 therapy is a viable and effective treatment modality for pediatric high grade brain tumors. Citation Format: Sharareh Gholamin, Siddhartha S. Mitra, Chase Elliott Richard, Achal Achrol, Doosik Kong, Jun Jae Shin, Michelle Monje-Deisseroth, Yoon-Jae Cho, Irving Weissman, Samuel H. Cheshier. Development of Anti-CD47 therapy for pediatric brain tumors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5218. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5218
Application of Fuzzy Case-Based Reasoning to Bridge Management

Case-based reasoning (CBR), one of the artificial intelligence (AI) learning approaches, is drawing the attention of many researchers in Civil Engineering. However, due to vagueness and uncertainties in knowledge representation, retrieval, and inference of cases in CBR, -- especially when dealing with similarity assessment -, it is difficult to find the cases in a case base which are exactly the same as the query case. Therefore, fuzzy theory h as been incorporated into CBR, which promises more robust, flexible, and accurate models. In this research, fuzzy case -based reasoning (FCBR) has been used to develop a model for bridge management. This model can deal with multiple objectives, namely, pr edicting the future health condition of a bridge deck, and recommending the appropriate maintenance, rehabilitation and replacement (MR&R) actions. The FCBR model’s learning capabilities have been validated using the cross-validation method. The code is implemented using the programming language C++, and all the cases used for both training and testing are extracted from the electronic bridge database of the Kansas Department of Transportation. In this paper, recommending MR&R actions, the second function of the developed bridge management model, is focused on.
Residential Property Values Improved by Landscaping with Trees

A 3 to 5% increase in the sales prices orsingle-family houses in Athens, Georgia, was associated with the presence of trees in their landscaping, according to data from real estate records on over 800 house sales from 1978 to 1980. The average house sold for about $47,000 and had five front-yard trees visible in its Mul- tiple Listing Service photographs. An average sales price increase of $1,700 to $2,100 was associated with the presence of these trees. This increase in property value represents an income of over $200,000 a year to the city in property tax revenues.
Calculation on the Mean Temperature Difference Related to the Condensation of Liquefied Petroleum Gas and R22 in the Same Condition

Not only the thermo-physical properties and vapor-liquid equilibrium but also the temperature changing in condensation of liquefied petroleum gas ( LPG) are calcutated. The mean temperature difference in condensation of LPG and R22 in the same condition are calculated and analyzed.
Neutrophil transfusion: effect of storage and of collection method of neutrophil blood kinetics

The kinetics in blood of autologous neutrophils collected by phlebotomy, filtration leukapheresis (FL), or intermittent-flow centrifugation (IFC), labeled with 32P-diisopropylfluorophosphate, and stored at 4 degrees C for up to 2 days were measured in 41 normal subjects. Mean initial recovery for unstored IFC cells was 34.0%, compared to 7.9% for unstored FL cells. Blood half-lives were 4.1 and 2.7 hr for unstored IFC and FL cells, respectively. With neutrophils collected by phlebotomy and stored in whole blood for 1–2 days, posttransfusion recoveries and blood half-times were significantly decreased. Storage of both IFC and FL preparations resulted in only moderate kinetic abnormalities in comparison to the unstored cells. These studies indicate that the ability of unstored IFC cells to circulate is basically normal, whereas that of unstored FL cells is significantly impaired. The data further suggest that these neutrophil concentrates might be stored for 1–2 days prior to transfusion.
Preoperative Vascular Embolization as an Adjunct to Successful Resection of Large Retroperitoneal Hemangiopericytoma

Abstract A large retroperitoneal hemangiopericytoma was resected successfully with the aid of preoperative control of the blood supply of the lesion with percutaneous intra-arterial gelfoam and ferromagnetic silicone embolization. We believe that this resection would not have been possible without this adjuvant technique. Future application of this combined technique will enable more aggressive surgical intervention in unresectable vascular tumors and arteriovenous malformations.
The Relevance of Earnings and Funds Flow from Operations in the Presence of Transitory Earnings

Executive Summary. The real estate investment trust (REIT) industry relies heavily on a cash flow-based measure of performance called funds flow from operation (FFO). FFO is the most widely used me...
Mitochondrial function in heart failure: The impact of ischemic and non-ischemic etiology

Abstract Background Although cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with heart failure (HF), this is a complex syndrome with two predominant etiologies, ischemic HF (iHF) and non-ischemic HF (niHF), and the exact impact of mitochondrial dysfunction in these two distinct forms of HF is unknown. Methods and results To determine the impact of HF etiology on mitochondrial function, respiration was measured in permeabilized cardiac muscle fibers from patients with iHF (n = 17), niHF (n = 18), and healthy donor hearts (HdH). Oxidative phosphorylation capacity (OXPHOS), assessed as state 3 respiration, fell progressively from HdH to niHF, to iHF (Complex I + II: 54 ± 1; 34 ± 4; 27 ± 3 pmol·s− 1·mg− 1) as did citrate synthase activity (CSA: 206 ± 18; 129 ± 6; 82 ± 6 nmol·mg− 1·min− 1). Although still significantly lower than HdH, normalization of OXPHOS by CSA negated the difference in mass specific OXPHOS between iHF and niHF. Interestingly, Complex I state 2 respiration increased progressively from HdH, to niHF, to iHF, whether or not normalized for CSA (0.6 ± 0.2; 1.1 ± 0.3; 2.3 ± 0.3; pmol·mg− 1·CSA), such that the respiratory control ratio (RCR), fell in the same manner across groups. Finally, both the total free radical levels (60 ± 6; 46 ± 4 AU) and level of mitochondrial derived superoxide (1.0 ± 0.2; 0.7 ± 0.1 AU) were greater in iHF compared to niHF, respectively. Conclusions Thus, the HF-related attenuation in OXPHOS actually appears to be independent of etiology when the lower mitochondrial content of iHF is taken into account. However, these findings provide evidence of deleterious intrinsic mitochondrial changes in iHF, compared to niHF, including greater proton leak, attenuated OXPHOS efficiency, and augmented free radical levels.
Designing secure and robust distributed and pervasive systems with error correcting codes

This thesis investigates the role of error-correcting codes in Distributed and Pervasive Computing. The main results are at the intersection of Security and Fault Tolerance for these environments. There are two primary areas that are explored in this thesis. (1) We have investigated protocols for large scale fault tolerant secure distributed storage. The two main concerns here are security and redundancy. In one arm of this research we developed SAFE, a distributed storage system based on a new protocol that offers a two-in-one solution to fault-tolerance and confidentiality. This protocol is based on cryptographic properties of error correction codes. In another arm, we developed eSAFE, another prototype distributed persistent storage; eSAFE facilitates seamless hardware extension of storage units, high resilience to loads and provides high availability. The main ingredient in its design is a modern class of erasure codes known as the Fountain Codes. One problem in such large storage is the heavy overhead of the associated fingerprints needed for checking data integrity. eSAFE deploys a clever integrity check mechanism by use of a data structure known as the Merkle Tree to address this issue. (2) We also investigated the design of a new remote authentication protocol. Applications over long range wireless would benefit quite a bit from this design. We designed and implemented LAWN, a lightweight remote authentication protocol for wireless networks that deploys a randomized approximation scheme based on Error correcting codes. We have evaluated in detail the performance of LAWN; while it adds very low overhead of computation, the savings in bandwidth and power are quite dramatic.
Romantic Relationships in the Workplace

Romantic workplace relationships sometimes occur between two people who work at the same organization and share a mutual attraction. Research has focused on identifying types of relationships, how employees initiate and develop such relationships, and how workplace romantic relationships influence the attitudes and job performance of the relationship partners as well as their coworkers. Studies have also examined the types of formal and informal policies organizations implement to manage workplace romance. Keywords: applied communication; business and management; Gay and Lesbian Studies; organizational behavior; organizational communication
Model-based resilient control for a multi-agent system against Denial of Service attacks

The computerization of critical infrastructure such as control systems means that these systems interact with information technology (IT) to an extent that makes them susceptible to malicious attacks. While IT security places emphasis on data accuracy easily attainable through simple error correction schemes such as packet re-transmission, control systems emphasize timely and accurate transmission of control signals in which delays or re-transmissions can have detrimental effects on the system. This motivates the need for resilient control algorithms that guarantee normal operation of critical infrastructure subject to malicious attacks and disturbances both at the physical layer and communication layer. In this paper, a team of networked autonomous agents whose collective objective is formation control is used to represent a cyber-physical system. A distributed formation control algorithm in which each agent depends only on its local information and that received from one neighbor to cooperatively carry out the group mission is employed. We develop a model-based resilient control algorithm that enables the team of autonomous agents accomplish their formation task even in the presence of a malicious denial of service (DOS) attack disrupting inter-agent communication. The technique is demonstrated through a laboratory experiment with 6 pioneer 3DX robots.
Dissecting Torsin/cofactor function at the nuclear envelope: a genetic study

The human genome encodes four Torsin ATPases, the functions of which are poorly understood. In this study, we use CRISPR/Cas9 engineering to delete all four Torsin ATPases individually and in combination. Using nuclear envelope (NE) blebbing as a phenotypic measure, we establish a direct correlation between the number of inactivated Torsin alleles and the occurrence of omega-shaped herniations within the lumen of the NE. A similar, although not identical, redundancy is observed for LAP1 and LULL1, which serve as regulatory cofactors for a subset of Torsin ATPases. Unexpectedly, deletion of Tor2A in a TorA/B/3A-deficient background results in a stark increase of bleb formation, even though Tor2A does not respond to LAP1/LULL1 stimulation. The robustness of the observed phenotype in Torsin-deficient cells enables a structural analysis via electron microscopy tomography and a compositional analysis via immunogold labeling. Ubiquitin and nucleoporins were identified as distinctively localizing components of the omega-shaped bleb structure. These findings suggest a functional link between the Torsin/cofactor system and NE/nuclear pore complex biogenesis or homeostasis and establish a Torsin-deficient cell line as a valuable experimental platform with which to decipher Torsin function.
Beneficial Effects of Nucleoside Treatment in Zebrafish Models of Diamond Blackfan Anemia Deficient in Ribosomal Proteins L11 or S19

Abstract 3439 Deficiency of ribosomal protein (RPs) is associated with Diamond Blackfan Anemia, (DBA) a congenital syndrome with bone marrow failure and variable malformations. Recent studies of ours and other labs established p53 network activation as a major contributor to DBA. Therefore, modulation of p53-dependent pathways emerges as a most promising approach to DBA treatment. Direct suppression of 53 may, however, lead to increased risk of malignant transformation. Search for more physiological modulators of p53 pathways is therefore warranted. p53 has been shown both to respond to metabolic alterations and to change metabolism. Specifically, nutrients can influence p53 status through mTOR and other pathways. Recently, Ortega et al reported that treatment of Caco-2 cells with exogenous nucleosides modulated expression and activity of many transcription factors including p53 (J Nutr Biochem, 22:595, 2011). We applied treatment with exogenous nucleosides to RP-deficient zebrafish and found positive effects. As a DBA model, we use zebrafish mutant for ribosomal protein RPL11; we also employ morpholino nucleotides to create deficiency of various ribosomal proteins including RPS19. Treatment of both models resulted in inhibition of p53-dependent pathways. Specifically, expression of genes associated with cell cycle arrest such as p21 and p53 targets inducing apoptosis such as puma, was decreased by nucleoside treatment. We hypothesize that nucleoside treatment affects p53 by modulating the activity of mTOR and MEK/Erk pathways. Previously, Gu et al. showed that nucleotide depletion strongly inhibited mTOR and activated MEK/Erk. We also study how nucleoside treatment influences other stress-response pathways and affects interaction of p53 and mTOR pathways. Our data indicate that nucleosides may be effective in modulation of p53-dependent signal transduction pathways and suggest their usefulness for treatment of p53-associated disorders. Disclosures: Sakamoto: Abbott: Research Funding; Genentech: Research Funding.
Factors related to early intervention Part C enrollment: A systematic review.

Abstract Background The first few years of life are critical for the healthy growth and development of every child. Enrolling children with disabilities or at risk of developmental delay into early intervention services is essential to successfully meet their physical, cognitive, communication, socio-emotional and adaptive needs. However, many children throughout in the United States who are eligible for public services, including early intervention services, are not accessing them. Research has yet to fully describe low enrollment rates and variability in enrollment into early intervention services. Objective The objective of this review was to systematically examine current literature on enrollment of children less than three years of age into early intervention (Part C) services through the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. Methods A systematic review of relevant articles in MEDLINE, ERIC, and Google Scholar databases were conducted in March 2015. Two authors independently reviewed abstracts according to established inclusion criteria. Eligible articles were then read, confirmed, and themes were extracted. Results Ten articles met established inclusion criteria and were reviewed. The five themes that emerged included policies for children at risk of a developmental delay, funding allocated to programs, eligibility definitions, referral into Part C programs, and structure of the state administrative system. Conclusions Future research should identify best practices for policy that would benefit children gaining access to services early on. It is critical that we thoughtfully address policy decisions affecting enrollment of children into early intervention programs during the next reauthorization of IDEA.
A comparison of how behavioral health organizations utilize training to prepare for health care reform.

Under the Affordable Care Act, States have obtained Medicaid waivers to overhaul their behavioral health service systems to improve quality and reduce costs. Critical to implementation of broad service delivery reforms has been the preparation of organizations responsible for service delivery. This study focused on one large-scale initiative to overhaul its service system with the goal of improving service quality and reducing costs. The study examined the participation of behavioral health organizations in technical assistance efforts and the extent to which organizational factors related to their participation. This study matched two datasets to examine the organizational characteristics and training participation for 196 behavioral health organizations. Organizational characteristics were drawn from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration National Mental Health Services Survey (N-MHSS). Training variables were drawn from the Clinical Technical Assistance Center’s master training database. Chi-square analyses and multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine the proportion of organizations that participated in training, the organizational characteristics (size, population served, service quality, infrastructure) that predicted participation in training, and for those who participated, the type (clinical or business) and intensity of training (webinar, learning collaborative, in-person) they received. Overall 142 (72. 4%) of the sample participated in training. Organizations who pursued training were more likely to be large in size (p = .02), serve children in addition to adults (p < .01), provide child evidence-based practices (p = .01), and use computerized scheduling (p = .01). Of those trained, 95% participated in webinars, 64% participated in learning collaboratives and 35% participated in in-person trainings. More organizations participated in business trainings than clinical (63.8 vs. 59.2%). Organizations serving children had higher odds of participating in both clinical training (OR = 5.91, p < .01) and business training (OR = 4.24, p < .01) than those that did not serve children. The majority of organizations participated in trainings indicating desire for technical assistance to prepare for health care reform. Larger organizations and organizations serving children were more likely to participate potentially indicating increased interest in preparation. Over half participated in business trainings highlighting interest in learning to improve efficiency. Further understanding is needed to support organizational readiness for health care reform initiatives among behavioral health organizations.
Comparison of DNA and RNA analyte extraction and melanin removal methods from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) melanoma.

e20002 Background: The increasing availability of molecular profiling techniques amenable to FFPE tissue presents a key opportunity to study the molecular basis of melanoma. In order to optimize ou...
Mining Coal and Undermining Gender: Rhythms of Work and Family in the American West, Jessica Smith Rolston. Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, NJ (2014), 236 pp.

Mining research in the social sciences typically focuses on environmental devastation and human tragedy, with studies focusing specifically on gender highlighting the inequalities experienced by th...
Recent results on trees

Our object is to present six theorems on trees discovered since the appearance of the book [4]. These deal with (1) trees with hamiltonian square, (2) path numbers, (3) the tree graph of a graph, (4) the intersection graph of subtrees of a tree, (5) cospectral trees, and (6) the probability of an endpoint.
Placement type matters: Placement experiences in relation to justice system involvement among child welfare-involved youth and young adults

ABSTRACTOut-of-home placement in the child welfare system is related to justice system involvement. Yet, few studies address the similarities and differences of child welfare placement types in relation to justice system involvement within the same sample of youth, which can provide a more nuanced understanding of the relationship between the two. Utilizing a sample of child welfare youth with substantial out-of-home placements (N = 794), we investigate trajectory group experiences on each of three child welfare placement types, and cross-tabulate each with justice system trajectory groups to examine subgroups. The five-group model fits best for foster homes and group homes; four groups for residential facilities. Relationships between justice system groups and placement types were significant. Youth with chronic justice system involvement had more experiences in group homes and residential facilities; youth with less justice system contact tended to have foster home experiences. Implications for policy a...
Convolution neural network for classification of magnetic flux leakage response segments

Magnetic flux leakage (MFL) inspection is one of the most commonly used nondestructive testing (NDE) technologies. This paper proposes a novel method for classifying the MFL response segments based on convolution neural network (CNN). In order to skip the procedure of saving the normalized MFL segment and save some computing time, a normalization layer is added to the proposed model. Moreover, the rectified linear units (ReLUs) is employed as the activation functions in the convolution layers to allow the proposed model to easily obtain sparse representations. The performance of the proposed model is tested by the real MFL data collected from the experimental pipelines. The results demonstrate that the presented method can achieve a satisfactory accuracy of MFL response segment classification and can be applied to practical application.
Integrated histotripsy and bubble coalescence transducer for rapid tissue ablation

Histotripsy uses high-pressure, microsecond-length pulses to generate cavitation microbubbles to fractionate targeted tissue. After the collapse of a cavitation cloud, remnant microbubbles can persist for a second or longer before passively dissolving. These bubbles can act as seed nuclei for subsequent cavitation events reducing treatment efficiency because the nuclei are not well distributed through the entire volume. It has been shown that this memory effect can be reduced using a second transducer to generate a long low amplitude burst to stimulate coalescence of remnant bubbles. This study presents an integrated transducer system to deliver both the high amplitude (p-≥ 30 MPa) histotripsy pulses and lower-amplitude (∼ 1 MPa) coalescence sequences to achieve rapid, homogenous ablation.
Phylogenetics: Taxonomy and the microsporidia as derived fungi

Microsporidia are a group of obligate eukaryotic intracellular parasites first recognized over 100 years ago with the description of Nosema bombycis the parasite from silkworms that caused the disease pebrine in these economically important insects. Microsporidia infect almost all animal phyla. Among the more than 144 described genera, several have been demonstrated in human disease: Nosema, Vittaforma, Brachiola, Pleistophora, Encephalitozoon, Enterocytozoon, Septata (reclassified to Encephalitozoon) and Trachipleistophora. In addition, the genus Microsporidium has been used to designate microsporidia of uncertain taxonomic status. The recognition of microsporidia as opportunistic pathogens in humans has led to increased interest in the molecular biology of these pathogens. Recent work has focused on the determination of the nucleotide sequences for ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, which have been used as diagnostic tools for species identification as well as for the development of a molecular phylogeny of these organisms. Microsporidia have historically been considered to be “primitive” protozoa, however, molecular phylogenetic analysis has led to the recognition that these organisms are not “primitive” but degenerate and that they are related to the fungi and not to other protozoa. Such molecular phylogeny has also led to the recognition that the traditional phylogeny of these organisms based on structural observations may not reflect the “true” relationships among the various microsporidia species and genera. This chapter reviews the data on the taxonomy of the microsporidia and the relationship of these organisms to other eukaryotes.
Three-dimensional phase-field simulations of intragranular gas bubble evolution in irradiated U-Mo fuel

Abstract The evolution of fission gas bubbles in irradiated materials plays a critical role in the microstructural processes that leads to dimensional changes of U-Mo alloy fuels, e.g., fuel swelling. Although the intergranular bubbles-induced fuel swelling has been long-discussed for U-Mo fuel, there are very few computational studies of the formation of intragranular gas bubbles and its impact on fuel swelling. To this end, we develop a three-dimensional phase-field model to investigate the evolution of intragranular gas bubbles in U-Mo fuel. Fission induced defect formation and annihilation processes, such as vacancy-interstitial recombination, fission gas atom resolution, and interactions with dislocations and grain boundaries are incorporated in the model. Simulations show that the intragranular gas bubbles can be stabilized to certain sizes due to the balance between the generation and annihilation of defects. The intragranular gas bubbles induced fuel swelling is predicted to be comparable to experimental measurements. The effects of the irradiation and fuel fabrication conditions (i.e., fission rate, fuel grain size, and mechanical work induced deformation) on the bubble evolution and the resultant swelling are investigated. The current simulations provide a better understanding of intragranular gas bubble-induced swelling and a solid foundation for the future study of the nucleation and growth of intergranular gas bubbles and recrystallization in U-Mo fuel.
Mean-Level Change vs. Pattern Change

Illustrate the similarities and differences between MDS growth analysis and growth mixture modeling approach using structural equation modeling. The key point is that MDS focuses on pattern with mean-level removed, while growth mixture modeling focuses on mean-level. Although the results from both approaches may be the same at times, two approaches may provide different aspects of growth or change. An example is provided to demonstrate these two approaches.
Service Design Research about Redesign Sedentary Office Guided by New Ergonomics Theory

Current office design is sedentary because it encourages users to work in one good posture as long as possible. Such sedentary office is lethal and inefficient. It needs redesign. To solve this problem, tendonitis experts came up with the new ergonomics theory. It encourages office workers to switch working postures periodically. This working status is defined as dynamic in the paper.