cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of bosentan in adults with simple and complex Eisenmenger's syndrome.

Background. Eisenmenger's syndrome (ES) is associated with decreased longevity and reduced functional capacity. Targeted pharmacologic therapies improve functional capacity and survival in these patients. We sought to compare the response of patients with simple vs. complex ES following initiation of bosentan. Methods. ES patients with a history of bosentan use were identified by chart review. Simple ES was defined as ES associated with atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, or patent ductus arteriosus. Complex ES consisted of patients with truncus arteriosus and single ventricle congenital heart disease. Six-minute walking distance (6MWD), maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and resting oxygen saturation were compared between simple and complex ES patients before and after bosentan treatment. Results. Twenty-four patients were included (11 simple, 13 complex). Resting oxygen saturation, 6MWD, VO2 max, and BNP were not significantly different between the two groups prior to bosentan initiation. Ten patients received bosentan monotherapy, and bosentan was used in combination with sildenafil in 13 (five simple, eight complex). One patient received bosentan with iloprost. Mean duration of therapy was 38 ± 14 months in the simple group and 40 ± 8.1 months in the complex group (P= NS). Posttreatment, 6MWD increased from 274 ± 135 m to 326 ± 106 m in simple ES patients (P= .32). 6MWD in patients with complex ES increased from 332 ± 51 m to 364 ± 109 (P= .028). VO2 max improved from 13.4 ± 3.8 to 17 ± 6 (P= .54) in the simple group, while VO2 max in the complex group improved from 12.7 ± 2.3 to 15.5 ± 2.2 (P= .17). There was minimal change in BNP or resting oxygen saturation between the groups. Conclusions. Treatment with bosentan is both safe and effective in patients with both simple and complex forms of ES.
Confidence Intervals from one Observation

Robert Machol’s surprising result, that from a single observation it is possible to have finite length confidence intervals for the parameters of location-scale models, is re-produced and extended. Two previously unpublished modifications are included. First, Herbert Robbins non-parametric confidence interval is obtained. Second, I introduce a technique for obtaining confidence intervals for the scale parameter of finite length in the logarithmic metric.
Mental Illness and the Criminal Justice System

Research on well-being across the life course usually maps the average levels of depression and anxiety. The predominant type of distress shifts from active (anxiety and anger) to passive (depression) as person's age. This chapter describes the emotional trajectories of adulthood and the five views of age which includes maturity, decline, life-cycle stage, generation, and survival helps researchers understand why emotions change as people age. It also discusses the conditions and beliefs that change across adulthood, shaping the trajectories of emotions. A number of factors come together to produce the low and declining sense of control observed among old Americans. They represent many aspects of age, including physical decline; the life cycle of employment, earnings, and marriage; and the generational trends in education and women's employment. Emotional well-being in old age rests on economic, interpersonal, and physical well-being built throughout adult life.
A new synthesis and electrochemistry of 1,1′-bis(β-hydroxyethyl)ferrocene

Abstract The preparation of 1,1′-bis(β-hydroxyethyl)ferrocene (1) by oxidation of 1,1′-divinylferrocene is described. Compound 1 has been characterized by 1H and 13C{1H} NMR, and cyclic voltammetry. The electrochemical data are compared to ferrocene and the closely related 2-ferrocenylethanol, 2.
Alleys on an apparent frontoparallel plane

Abstract In a previous article in this journal (T. Indow, (1979). Journal of Mathematical Psychology , 19 , 221–258), equations were presented for a plane appearing frontoparallel in the three-dimensional visual space and for two alleys on that plane which run horizontally in the following way: an alley that appears straight and parallel (Hh) and an alley that appears to be separated by a constant interval (Dh). This is an extension of traditional parallel and equidistant alleys which run toward the subject on the horizontal plane. As was done by Luneburg for these alleys, the equations were defined in the Euclidean map (EM) under the assumption that visual space is a Riemannian space of constant curvature K . In the present article, the general definition of perceptually straight lines in EM is discussed and, on the basis of this representation, new equations for Hh and Dh are given. Previous and present sets of equations give the same qualitative predictions as to the behavior of Hh and Dh, but two predictions are quantitatively different.
TU-E-BRD-02: Recent Development in Predictive Localization of Moving Target

Recently, rapid development has been made in locating and targeting moving tumors. In practical treatment systems, latency induced by information acquisition, processing, communication and hardwarecontrol could significantly affect the targeting accuracy based on observed tumor locations. This talk focuses on introducing state‐of‐the‐art methods in target location prediction, and discussing the logical connections and differences among these methods. We will first make the principle distinction between the deterministic and stochastic perspectives. For the deterministic setup, we will discuss the development in system representation, in terms of basis functions (such as Fourier and wavelet), and choice between parametric regression model (e.g., adaptive ARMA) and the nonparametric options, such as artificial neural networks and support vector machines. The less conventional stochastic perspective will be motivated by honoring a statistical interpretation of the familiar Kalman filter. Then a novel kernel density estimation based prediction approach will be introduced, which utilizes nonparametric probability learning techniques. Useful techniques such as state augmentation, and unified treatment for multi‐dimensional data will be covered. Some recent progress and unpublished results will be presented. Learning objectives: 1. To systematically present the state‐of‐the‐art prediction algorithms 2. To discuss and analyze the connections among various developments 3. To address the practical considerations in selecting prediction methods for various types of target motions and system configurations.
Techniques in biologically inspired computational vision

The challenge of effectively focusing a large array of vision system in time-constrained and uncertain environments is a daunting challenge. The biology provides us some clues as higher-level organisms routinely accomplish complex tasks through iterative learning and invariance processing. In this talk, we discuss the present state-of-the-art in biological vision and recent computing models for recognition. We investigate invariance processing and reinforcement learning as some of the key ingredients for such computing. We present few implementations of these novel computing concepts.
Addition of partly reduced bovine serum albumin to a metmyoglobin-fortified washed cod system gives reduced formation of lipid oxidation products and increased degradation of proteins

Abstract The aim of the investigation was to study the pro-oxidative system of washed cod with added horse metmyoglobin (metMb) regarding lipid and enzyme oxidation plus protein degradation. The changes were studied at pH 5.6 and 2 °C for 47 h. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) with 0.2 or 3.5 thiol (reduced) groups per molecule was added as an antioxidant protein and as providers of free thiols. BSA with the higher amount of thiols decreased the formation of lipid peroxides and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in the washed cod system. Metmyoglobin (metMb) addition slowed down the enzymatic release of proteins and protein fragments from insoluble washed cod proteins while the opposite was observed with added reduced BSA. Addition of metMb strongly inactivated the thiol proteases cathepsin B + L and effectively oxidized the low molecular weight thiols in the system while reduced BSA slowed down inactivation of the proteases. The endogenous proteases degraded BSA to a fragment of 41.7 kDa. Formation of this fragment was reduced when metMb was added. BSA (not reduced) did not influence TBARS formation in the washed cod system with metMb, but increased the formation of lipid peroxides after 47 h compared to the system without BSA.
The validity of Dempster-Shafer belief functions

Abstract This reply to papers by Pearl and Shafer focuses on two issues underlying the debate on the validity of using Dempster-Shafer theory, namely the requirement of a process-independent semantics and the a priori need for multiple uncertainty calculi. Pearl shows deficiencies of Dempster-Shafer theory in dealing with several instances of commonsense reasoning in a process-independent manner. Although this argument is correct under the assumptions stated, it is weakened somewhat by introducing questions of whether a process-independent semantics is always necessary or desirable. Another issue underlying both papers, whether multiple uncertainty representations are necessary, is also discussed. Shafer claims that multiple uncertainty representations are necessary. He presents a goal of developing all uncertainty representations in parallel and defining domains in which each representation is best suited. In contrast, Pearl implicitly claims that probability theory alone is necessary, unless the use of another representation (such as Dempster-Shafer theory) is shown to be clearly advantageous. These two perspectives lead to different approaches to defining the form of uncertainty best modeled by Dempster-Shafer theory or any other uncertainty calculus.
An availability analysis on SONET ring networks in power grid communications

As the power grid is becoming smarter, communications has become of significant importance to utility companies. For instance, communications is needed in protective relaying for Special Protection Systems (SPS) which is an automated system that takes corrective action in the case of abnormal or faulty conditions. Communications is also necessary for Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) applications, which is used to collect data and monitor the co nditions at electrical substations. Therefore, providing reliable communications is a necessity in order to maintain a rel iable and sustainable power grid. This paper presents an availability analysis on ring networks of a Synchronous Optical NETwork (SONET) which is a standard commonly used in communications within utility companies. Optical fiber used in SONET can fault on numerous conditions that are unpredictable, which is a main reliability concern for power grid communications. In this paper, estimation methods are presented and Markov chains models are demonstrated to analyze the availability and explore trade-off issues regarding the SONET ring networks.
Krull and global dimensions of Weyl algebras over division rings

where the xi commute among themselves, the 0, commute among themselves, and Bixj - xjei = 6,. In the case where R is a field of characteristic zero, these algebras are intimately connected with the representation theory of enveloping algebras of solvable Lie algebras [ 1, 31, while in the case where R is a right noetherian ring they provide a very interesting class of examples of right noetherian rings. Scattered throughout the literature and folklore of noncommutative ring theory are various results concerning the Krull and global dimensions of Weyl algebras, usually over fields, but occasionally over more general coef- ficient rings. The earliest results appeared before the introduction of noncom- mutative Krull dimension and so concern global dimension. The first result in the literature was apparently an observation of Rinehart [20] that a more general theorem due to Hochschild, Kostant, and Rosenberg [ 1 l] established the extreme bounds IZ < gl.dim(A,(F)) < 2n, for any field F. Rinehart showed that gl.dim(A,(l;)) = 2n for any field F of positive characteristic, and that gl.dim(A r(F)) = 1 for any field F of charac- teristic zero. In the latter case, he also improved the upper bound for gl.dim(A,(F)) to 2n - 1. The obvious conjecture, that gl.dim(A,(F)) = n for any field F of characteristic zero, was verified by Roos [22]. In the meantime, Hart [ 101 had shown that gl.dim(A r(Di)) = 2, where D, is the quotient division ring of the first Weyl algebra over a field of characteristic 334
Lyme disease: self-regulation and pathogen invasion.

Abstract Ecological interactions underlying the epidemic of Lyme disease involve a spirochete, a tick (with larval, nymph and adult stages), and two (or more) vertebrate hosts. Juvenile ticks ordinarily feed on mice; adult ticks feed on deer. Mice acquire the spirochete from infected nymphs and then pass the infection to larvae of the next tick generation. Lyme disease may result when a human is inadvertently bitten by an infectious nymph. Our model of the Lyme phenomenon counts the total number of ticks in each stage, the numbers of infected ticks by stage, and the number of infected mice. We fix the total population sizes of deer and mice, assume the ticks self-regulate, and solve the homogeneous-mixing case for equilibrium abundances. A local stability analysis identifies a condition where extension of the spirochete is stable. Reversing this condition implies that the spirochete can invade the system of ticks and vertebrate hosts. When the spirochete can invade, a positive equilibrium number of infected organisms is locally stable. Spirochete invasion is promoted by a sufficient density of mice suffering low mortality, high susceptibility to infection in both mice and ticks, a high attack rate of ticks on mice, a high density of larval ticks, and low mortality among tick nymphs. Low mouse mortality allows the frequency of infection among nymphs to approach an individual tick's susceptibility when feeding on an infected mouse.
Confounded versus nonconfounded correlations among the neo-personality inventory's domain and facet scales.

The 18 subscales constituting the Neuroticism, Extraversion, and Openness domain scales of Costa and McCrae's NEO-Personality Inventory were correlated with all five NEO-PI domain measures using data from 303 university students. Their residual domain scale scores correlated less than .50 with those on nine facet scales. A divergent domain scale correlated + or - .30 or more with 11 facets, including correlations of -.34 or more by Conscientiousness with the Impulsiveness, Vulnerability, and Depression facets of neuroticism. These latter values were even stronger in the NEO-Personality Inventory-Revised. The correlation of a facet scale with its preassigned residual domain scale and with a divergent domain scale did not differ significantly in 6 of the 18 cases. Unconfounded (part vs whole-minus-part) correlations had a median value of .52 versus .68 for their confounded (part vs whole) counterparts. A full report of unconfounded correlations clarifies the structure of composite personality measures.
Immunoglobulin G4-Related Disease Presenting as an Obstructing Tracheal Mass: Consideration of Surgical Indications

Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related disease is increasingly recognized in many organs; however, none are described in detail is the trachea. In addition, the role of surgical intervention in the disease has yet to be fully defined. We describe a patient with IgG4-related airway disease presenting as a low tracheal mass, which was treated with tracheal resection and reconstruction. This novel presentation of the disease highlights the importance of including IgG4-related disease in the differential diagnosis of tracheal masses. Further, possible indications for surgical therapy are considered. As the full clinical spectrum of IgG4-related disease continues to evolve, so too must approaches to disease management.
Abstract 2: The development and characterization of ovarian cancer bowel metastases in individual patient tumorgraft models

Results: With equal survival, NACT produces a cost savings of $5616 relative to PDS. For PDS to be cost-effective (CE) at a $100,000/QALY willingness-to-pay threshold, PDS would need to improve median OS by ≥1.5 months over NACT. If PDS improved median OS by ≥3.2 months it would be CE at a $50,000 threshold. The model was robust to variation in costs, complication rates, and QoL scores for PDS. However moderate decreases in QoL with NACT would result in PDS being CE. Conclusions: A model based on the RCT comparing NACT and PDS showed that NACT is a cost saving treatment compared to PDS for AEOC in patients ≥ 65. Small increases in OS with PDS or moderate QoL decreases of NACT patients would result in PDS being CE at the $100,000/QALY threshold. Our results support further evaluation of the effects of PDS on OS, QoL and complications in AEOC patients ≥ 65.
The effect of caloric deprivation upon thyroid function in the neonatal rat.

The impact of caloric deprivation upon thyroid function in the rat was examined during the first 16 days of neonatal life. Caloric deprivation, produced by intermittant feeding, resulted in a marked reduction of total body, muscle, and kidney weights in comparison to weights of animals allowed continuous access to food. Significantly lower plasma thyroxin (T4) concentrations were found in calorically deprived neonates, and could not be attributed to lowered serum T4 binding capacities. Serum thyrotropin (TSH) levels were significantly depressed in the deprived pups (4.9 ± .3 mU/100 ml) compared to fed controls (10.0 ± .7 mU/100 ml, p < .001). That the lower serum TSH concentrations in deprived pups were not due to limitations in thyrotroph secretory reserve was indicated by identical TSH secretory reserves of pituitaries from both groups, incubated in vitro with graded submaximal concentrations of synthetic thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). Hypothalamic TRH in methanol extracts was quantitated by means...
i-sensor inference model for assessing trustworthiness in computer-mediated communications

This paper presents a modeling strategy for an intelligence sensor system, or i-Sensor, which can comprehend human's virtual dialogues in Computer Mediated Communications (CMC) and process those dialogues to understand trustworthiness detected among humans in a virtual collaborative group. The model proposed here is built on research that demonstrated how human "sensors" can detect unusual or unexpected changes in a psychological construct, trustworthiness, based on observed virtual behavior.
Paper-Based Aids for Learning with a Computer-Based Game

The purpose of this study was to test the instructional value of adding paper-based metacognitive prompting features to a gamelike environment for learning about electrical circuits, called the Circuit Game. In Experiment 1, students who were prompted during Levels 1 through 9 to direct their attention to the most relevant features of the game and were provided with a list of its underlying principles to relate to their game actions performed better on an embedded transfer test (i.e., Level 10) than those not provided with the intervention (d = 0.77). In Experiment 2, the principles were not explicitly provided; instead, students were asked to fill in the correct features of each principle on a sheet while playing Levels 1 through 9 of the game. Results indicated that this method of prompting improved transfer performance only for learners who could correctly fill in the list of the game's principles (d = 0.53). Overall, paper-based aids for directing students' attention toward the most relevant features of a game and asking them to apply provided principles to solve game-based problems result in a deeper understanding of the game's academic content.
The neonatal autopsy: can it be revived?

Objectives To describe the trend and factors associated with the autopsy over the past decade at a level III neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) where all patients are presented with an option. Study Design Retrospective study of the autopsy in a cohort of infants who died in the NICU from January 1, 2001, to December 31, 2010. Results Of 446 deaths, 33.9% received the autopsy and rates decreased from the 2 years prior to the study. The autopsy was associated with gestational age at birth and chronologic age at death. On multivariable logistic regression analyses, the odds of an autopsy increased with gestational age ( p = 0.001), death in the postneonatal period (odds ratio [OR] = 2.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.28, 3.16), and absence of a major congenital anomaly (OR = 1.96, 95% CI = 1.22, 3.23). Conclusion Autopsy rates continue to decline despite ensuring that all parents are presented with the option. Infants born at term and those who die after 1 month without known congenital anomalies are most likely to receive the autopsy. The persistently low rates may highlight the importance of helping families understand that the autopsy has utility even when the cause of death may appear to be obvious.
Modal characteristics of structural portal frames made of mechanically joined pultruded flat hybrid composites

The primary objective of this investigation is to analyze and compare the dynamic behavior of framed structures made of orthotropic materials manufactured by the pultrusion process. Pultruded flat beams made of glass/epoxy, graphite/epoxy and various lay-up combinations of hybrid glass-graphite/epoxy are used to produce high-modulus and lightweight, L-shaped, portal frame and other composite material structures. The dynamic properties of the decoupled and mechanically fastened coupled structures were obtained by the experimental modal analysis technique. The structural properties identification process for each of the beam and lumped systems consists of generating the frequency response functions (FRF), estimation of natural frequencies, damping, and the associated mode shapes. A measurement chain comprising a dual-channel dynamic signal analyzer, corresponding instruments and a modal analysis software package has been used for identifying the modal parameters. The experimental results demonstrate the applicability and dynamic superiority of structures made with pultruded hybrid composite materials.
Observations on the electrocardiogram and ventricular gradient in complete left bundle branch block.

Electrocardiograms from 109 patients with left bundle branch block were divided into four major groups depending on differences in standard and unipolar precordial leads. These records were then studied to find if one can draw any conclusions relative to ventricular hypertrophy or myocardial infarction in the presence of left branch block. In addition, the ventricular gradient was estimated in twenty-three instances and its value discussed.
Control of a Surface Photochemical Process by Fractal Electron Transport Across the Surface: O2 Photodesorption from TiO2(110)

The photodesorption of O2 from TiO2(110) has been found to exhibit fractal kinetic behavior. The rate coefficient for photodesorption is measured throughout the entire experiment and is shown to decrease by a factor of ∼100 over a time period of ∼250 s. A model is proposed in which the electrons associated with O-vacancy defects on the surface percolate from vacancy site to vacancy site via the filled orbitals at these sites to neutralize photoproduced holes. This electron percolation, causing electron−hole recombination, reduces the efficiency of charge transfer between a photoproduced hole and an O2-(a) species localized at a vacancy defect site, causing the rate of O2 photodesorption to follow a fractal rate law. We postulate that the fractal electron conduction path across the surface is one-dimensional.
On the 4-connected nets in some silica structures of Boisen, Gibbs and Bukowinski

The nets of some theoretical silica structures described by M.B. Boisen, G.V. Gibbs and M.S.T. Bukowinski [Phys Chem Minerals 21:269–284 (1994)] are identified and discussed.
The Application of a Bessel Transform to the Determination of Stellar Rotational Velocities

A method for analysing line profiles by means of a transform using Bessel functions is described. This yields the stellar rotational velocityv sini, to an accuracy of about ±1 km s−1 for rotational velocities greater than about 5 km s−1, provided that rotation is the major source of line broadening. The theory of the method is a special case of a general theory of linear transforms in data analysis, which is outlined in an appendix.
Acoustic characteristics of a large upper-surface blown configuration with turbofan engines

This paper presents acoustic results from static and simulated low forward velocity tests of a large-scale model of an aircraft configuration with two turbofan engines in the full-scale tunnel at the Langley Research Center. The turbofan engines were integrated into the model and equipped with rectangular nozzles to provide the upper-surface blowing. Results indicate that the upper-surface-blowing noise problem can be characterized, primarily, by the unsymmetrical radiation pattern due mainly to shielding of the high-frequency engine noise and the production of low-frequency noise by jet-surface interaction. The directivity of the low-frequency noise was found to depend on the trailing-edge flap angle when the thrust levels were low. Normalized sound pressure level spectral density data showed good agreement at low Strouhal number with other small- and large-scale model data from tests using simulated wing-flap systems. Forward speed effects were undetectable at the low tunnel speeds used during the tests.
Influence of nonionic surfactants on the potentiometric response of hydrogen ion-selective polymeric membrane electrodes

The influence of poly(ethylene oxide)-based nonionic surfactants (i.e., Triton X-100 and Brij 35) in the sample phase on the response properties of hydrogen ion-selective polymeric membrane electrodes containing mobile (lipophilic amines) or covalently bound (aminated-poly(vinyl chloride)) hydrogen ion carriers is reported. In the presence of these nonionic surfactants, membrane electrode response toward interfering cation activity (e.g., Na+) in the sample phase is increased substantially and the pH measuring range shortened. The degree of cation interference for pH measurements is shown to correlate with the basicity of the hydrogen ion carrier doped within the membrane phase. The observed deterioration in selectivity arises from the partitioning of the surfactant into the membrane and concomitant extraction of metal cations by the surfactants in the organic phase. The effect of nonionic surfactants on pH electrodes prepared with aminated-PVC membranes is shown to be more complex, with additional large ...
Molecular cloning and pharmacology of functionally distinct isoforms of the human histamine H3 receptor

The pharmacology of histamine H(3) receptors suggests the presence of distinct receptor isoforms or subtypes. We herein describe multiple, functionally distinct, alternatively spliced isoforms of the human H(3) receptor. Combinatorial splicing at three different sites creates at least six distinct receptor isoforms, of which isoforms 1, 2, and 4, encode functional proteins. Detailed pharmacology on isoforms 1 (unspliced receptor), and 2 (which has an 80 amino acid deletion within the third intracellular loop of the protein) revealed that both isoforms displayed robust responses to a series of known H(3) agonists, while all agonists tested displayed increased potency at isoform 2 relative to isoform 1. Histamine, N(alpha)-methylhistamine, and R(-) and S(+)-alpha-methylhistamine are 16-23-fold more potent, while immepip and imetit are three to fivefold more potent. Antagonist experiments revealed a rank order of potency at both isoforms of clobenpropit>iodophenpropit>thioperamide, and these drugs are fivefold less potent at isoform 2 than isoform 1. To further explore the pharmacology of H(3) receptor function, we screened 150 clinically relevant neuropsychiatric drugs for H(3) receptor activity, and identified a small number of antipsychotics that possess significant antagonist activity.
Co-Trimoxazole (Sulphamethoxazole plus Trimethoprim) Peritoneal Barrier Transfer Pharmacokinetics

The pharmacokinetics of co-trimoxazole (sulphamethoxazole plus trimethoprim) were studied in end-stage renal disease in patients undergoing treatment with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and free of peritonitis. Plasma and dialysate concentrations were monitored for 1 exchange after administration of a single oral or intraperitoneal dose of co-trimoxazole, and were fitted by a pharmacokinetic model that took into account the equilibrium nature of CAPD by including return from the peritoneum in oral studies and from the plasma in intraperitoneal studies. Clearances were calculated and compared by analysis of variance. There was a significant effect of direction of flow (p less than 0.01), plasma-peritoneal clearances being larger than peritoneal-plasma clearances for both drugs. In addition, there was a significant difference (p less than 0.0001) between sulphamethoxazole clearances and trimethoprim clearances, with the latter being greater in both directions.
Scanning tunneling microscopy of a stage-1 CuCl 2 graphite intercalation compound

We report a scanning-tunneling-microscope (STM) study of a stage-1 graphite intercalation compound (GIC) of approximate stoichiometry ${\mathrm{C}}_{6}$${\mathrm{CuCl}}_{2}$. When the sample bias is positive with respect to the tip, we observe a hexagonal symmetry in which all the atoms of the graphite surface plane are imaged. This is in contrast to the threefold symmetry usually seen in atomic-resolution STM images of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), which we also observe on a reference sample of HOPG. The threefold symmetry is attributed to the ABAB stacking of the atomic layers in HOPG. In GIC's, this stacking sequence is interrupted by the intercalate layer, so that for the stage-1 compound all carbon atoms in the plane become equivalent, and sixfold symmetry develops. When the sample is biased negatively with respect to the tip, we observe a strikingly different STM image for the GIC; we believe that the pattern in this case is mainly due to the intercalate layer and the change in the electronic structure of graphite resulting from the presence of the intercalate layer. We also observe a reduction in the corrugation amplitude, between carbon-atom sites and the centers of the hexagonal nets, on the GIC relative to the HOPG.
Emotional Sequelae of Abortion: Implications for Clinical Practice.

The literature is summarized on normative reactions to abortion and factors that increase risk of negative emotional sequelae. Four areas of inquiry for identifying psychotherapeutic issues in regard to abortion are elaborated, including: (a) characteristics of the woman prior to and at the time of the abortion, (b) the nature of social support and the cultural milieu around the abortion, (c) characteristics of the medical environment and abortion procedure, and (d) events subsequent to the abortion which may have aroused post-decisional conflict. The implications of the research literature for psychotherapeutic treatment of women who have had abortions are discussed.
Fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry of estrogen glucuronides and sulfates

Fast atom bombardment (FAB) mass spectra of 13 intact, underivatized glucuronides and/or sulfate salts are reported. Spectra are characterized by abundant ions formed by attachment of a proton, [M+H]+, or of an alkali ion, [M+alkali]+, to the glucuronide or sulfate salt. Fragment ions were of low intensity. FAB spectra can be used to obtain the molecular weight of a sample, to assess its purity and to identify the nature of the alkali of the glucuronide or sulfate salt.
Pharmaceuticals in wastewater: Behavior, preferences, and willingness to pay for a disposal program

The presence of pharmaceutical compounds in treated wastewater and in surface waters is a growing environmental concern. This paper provides information about general awareness of the issue, disposal practices, willingness to pay for a disposal program, and willingness to participate in a disposal program. The results are based on a telephone survey of 1005 residents in southern California. Less than half of the respondents are aware of the issue. While disposal of unused medications through the trash and toilet/sink is the most common practices, respondents that are aware of the issue are more likely to return pharmaceuticals to a pharmacy or drop them off at a hazardous waste center. The results of a contingent valuation question indicate a substantial willingness to pay a surcharge on prescriptions to support the establishment of a pharmaceutical disposal program. The more conservative estimate of mean willingness to pay is $1.53 per prescription, which translates into an average annual willingness to pay of approximately $14. A benefit-cost comparison suggests ample scope for establishing a pharmaceutical disposal program that would yield positive net social benefits, even if the surcharge was applied to only one prescription per year. We also find that respondents are likely to participate in a disposal program. Assuming that the program is based on drop-off locations at local pharmacies, approximately 70 percent of the respondents would be very likely to return their unwanted or expired medicines.
Viscosity of concentrated polymer solutions

Abstract In investigations of the Newtonian viscosity of polymer fluids, two concentration regions have received the major attention. One is the dilute solution where the contributions of the individual solute entities are essentially additive with only small interaction perturbations. The other is the bulk polymer or plasticized melt. We are concerned here with the broad intermediate region.
Health issues at the US-Mexican border

With a rapidly growing population, increasing manufacturing activity, and increased interdependence, health issues on the US-Mexican border are demanding greater attention. It is unlikely that any other border in the world separates two nations having such variety in health status, entitlements, and utilization. Binational initiatives in the areas of environmental health and sanitation are clearly needed. Further cooperation between the United States and Mexico in provision of health services is warranted and will probably require enhanced federal funding or subsidies to be successful. (JAMA. 1991;265:242-247)
Chromatographic investigations of the configurational and geometrical isomerism of allylic N-terpenyl-N-hydroxyethyl-nitrosamines

A preparative adsorption column chromatographic method is reported for the separation of cis and trans geometrical isomers of two types of N-nitrosamines derived from allylic terpenyl ethanolamines (experimental fish toxicants). Column eluates were monitored by gas chromatography in which a Carbowax 20M stationary phase was used. Further separation of E and Z configurational isomers was achieved by reversed-phase and normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. In the reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography system (acetonitrile-water), the 6',7'-acetylenic nitrosamines ( NMOA ) were efficiently resolved by using an argentous (AgNO3) mobile phase, whereas the presence of sodium alkanesulfonate in the aqueous acetonitrile mobile phase favored the base-line resolution of the 6',7'-olefinic nitrosamines ( NDOA ). For normal-phase separation on a silica column, addition of tetrahydrofuran to the mobile phase (methylene chloride-2-propanol) resulted in a varying degree of improvement in peak resolution (R) and column selectivity (alpha). Effects of temperature on the chromatographic behavior of the nitrosamine components are described. The high-performance liquid chromatographic separation method has proved to be applicable for the trace analysis of the title nitrosamines in organic tissues by way of thermal energy analysis.
Optical-optical double resonance on cooled molecular ions: rotational assignments in the perturbed CO+2B-X system

Population labeling optical-optical double resonance has been applied to CO+2 cooled in a supersonic expansion to study the highly perturbed B(000)-X(000) band (2900 A). Three interacting vibronic levels are found and followed to their origins.
Viewer preference for spatial arrangement of park trees: An application of video-imaging technology

Research on perception of parks and recreation settings has examined several important tree attributes that influence people's visual preferences. This research, however, has usually not considered the spatial arrangement of the trees, partly because of the lack of adequate methods for representing tree arrangements with systematically manipulated geometries. In the study reported here, computer video-imaging techniques were used to construct simulated landscape scenes that varied on specific dimensions of the spatial configuration of trees. The simulations were rated for visual preference by three respondent groups: a university class, a bicycle club, and a women's civic group. Preference ratings were significantly influenced by the number of trees in the scene, by the number of clumps into which trees were grouped, and by the diameter of the clumps. The video-imaging technology implemented in this study offers important methodological advantages for the design of carefully controlled experiments to study human response to variation in landscape treatments.
Evaluation of design for service innovation curriculum: validation framework and preliminary results

Designing product-service systems is challenging because of the broad and under-defined scope of the task. Design teams must integrate various solution elements, such as hardware, software, service, and infrastructure, while resolving the communication challenges among different domain-experts. Design for Service Innovation enables design teams to effectively deal with ambiguity and to communicate their ideas among team members and managers, as well as with customers through a common language. We validated the effectiveness of design for service innovation (DfSI) in both academia and industry. This paper describes the process and the preliminary results of the validation based on three approaches: hypothesis testing, voting and interviews.
Role-Reversed Systematic Desensitization in the Treatment of a Writing Phobia

A role-reversal technique was employed to teach cognitive coping skills to a patient with a writing phobia. The patient presented desensitization scenes to the therapist and devised coping strategies for lessening anxiety. Treatment resulted in a reduction of anxiety and an increased ability to write in the presence of other people. A 10-mo. follow-up showed no relapse.
Errata to SLP

Abstract This note discusses some objections made by Stern and Lakshminarayan to the SLP model developed by the author (Falmagne, 1993). One concerns the gamma form of the distributions of the learning latencies. Stern and Lakshminarayan contended that these latencies could not be distributed gamma with the parameters postulated by Falmagne and proposed an exponential form as a substitute. It is shown here that the exponential form is the only possible one. Another objection is directed to an invariance assumption bearing on the consistency of the features of the SLP model between a knowledge structure and its substructures. It is argued in this note that, while this second objection is in principle correct, the invariance assumption may be justified in some practical situations, based on consideration of robustness.
Homeless adult individuals and their shelter network

Many homeless adults suffer from serious mental disorders. Identifying and characterizing their illnesses poses a challenge to reseachers.
Intact Relational Memory and Normal Hippocampal Structure in the Early Stage of Psychosis

Background Previous studies indicate that the transition to psychosis is associated with dynamic changes of hippocampal integrity. Here we explored hippocampal volume and neural activation during a relational memory task in patients who were in the early stage of a psychotic illness. Methods Forty-one early psychosis patients and 34 healthy control subjects completed a transitive inference (TI) task used previously in chronic schizophrenia patients. Participants learned to select the "winner" of two sets of stimulus pairs drawn from an overlapping sequence (A > B > C > D > E) and a nonoverlapping set (a > b, c > d, e > f, g > h). During a functional magnetic resonance imaging scan, participants were tested on the trained pairs and made inferential judgments on novel pairings that could be solved based on training (e.g., B vs. D). Hippocampal volumes were manually segmented and compared between groups. Functional magnetic resonance imaging analyses included 27 early psychosis patients and 30 control subjects who met memory training criteria. Results Groups did not differ on inference performance or hippocampal volume and exhibited similar activation of medial temporal regions when judging nonoverlapping pairs. However, patients who failed to meet memory training criteria had smaller hippocampal volumes. Neural activity during TI was less widespread in early psychosis patients, but between-group differences were not significant. Hippocampal activity during TI was positively correlated with inference performance only in control subjects. Conclusions Our results provide evidence that relational memory impairment and hippocampal abnormalities, well established in chronic schizophrenia, are not fully present in early psychosis patients. This provides a rationale for early intervention, targeting the possible delay, reduction, or prevention of these deficits.
Circular dichroism of chemically modified human plasma α1-antitrypsin: Interaction with porcine elastase

Abstract Chemical modifications of human plasma α 1 -antitrypsin with reagents which modify lysyl residues (citraconic anhydride, acetic anhydride, formaldehyde and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid) and arginyl residued (1,2-cyclohexanedione) were examined with regard to their effect upon the elastase inhibitory capacity of the glycoprotein. 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid was employed to quantitate the remaining free amino groups (ϵ-NH 2 groups of lysine) and the extent of modifications. Amino acid analysis was utilized in the same capacity for the guanidino groups of arginyl residues. The elastase inhibitory capacity of α 1 -antitrypsin was destroyed following trinitrophenylation, citraconylation and acetylation. Circular dichroism of the native and modified derivatives revealed major changes in conformation following trinitrophenylation and citraconylation while CD profiles of acetylated and reductively methylated derivatives differed from that of the native profile considerably less. Reductively methylated α 1 -antitrypsin retained its elastatse inhibitory capacity. The reaction of 1,2-cyclohexanedione with α 1 -antitrypsin did not effect in a loss in inhibitory capacity. Gel filtration studies of native and modified α 1 -antitrypsin on Sephadex G-100 demonstrated an increased molecular weight presumably through molecular aggregation, in the citraconylated and trinitrophenylated derivatives, but not in the cases of the other derivatives. Based upon these studies and previous investigations of our laboratory, it was concluded that (1) α 1 -antitrypsin is a lysyl inhibitor type (i.e., the reactive site is a Lys-X bond), (2) its interaction with elastase follows a pattern similar to trypsin and chymotrypsin, and (3) the positively charged ϵ-NH 2 group of lysine is essential for the maintenance of elastase inhibitory capacity.
Optimization of vehicle accelerator-brake pedal foot travel time.

Abstract This study was directed towards reducing the lag time between stimulus and incidence of braking. The effect of the relative vertical heights of the brake and accelerator pedals on foot travel time was the subject of the first part of the investigation. In the second part, two new pedal designs in which the accelerator was mounted directly on the brake pedal were evaluated. A significant reduction in foot travel time of approximately 12·5% was realised by locating the accelerator pedal 25–50 mm (1–2 in) higher than the brake pedal. Mounting of the accelerator pedal adjacent to or directly on the brake pedal allowed reductions in braking lag time of 46% to 74%.
Recoverable distributed shared virtual memory

The problem of rollback recovery in distributed shared virtual environments, in which the shared memory is implemented in software in a loosely coupled distributed multicomputer system, is examined. A user-transparent checkpointing recovery scheme and a new twin-page disk storage management technique are presented for implementing recoverable distributed shared virtual memory. The checkpointing scheme can be integrated with the memory coherence protocol for managing the shared virtual memory. The twin-page disk design allows checkpointing to proceed in an incremental fashion without an explicit undo at the time of recovery. The recoverable distributed shared virtual memory allows the system to restart computation from a checkpoint without a global restart. >
Significance of Starch Properties and Quantity on Sponge Cake Volume

ABSTRACT We evaluated the qualitative and quantitative effects of wheat starch on sponge cake (SC) baking quality. Twenty wheat flours, including soft white and club wheat of normal, partial waxy, and waxy endosperm, as well as hard wheat, were tested for amylose content, pasting properties, and SC baking quality. Starches isolated from wheat flours of normal, single-null partial waxy, double-null partial waxy, and waxy endosperm were also tested for pasting properties and baked into SC. Double-null partial waxy and waxy wheat flours produced SC with volume of 828–895 mL, whereas volume of SC baked from normal and single-null partial waxy wheat flours ranged from 1,093 to 1,335 mL. The amylose content of soft white and club wheat flour was positively related to the volume of SC (r = 0.790, P < 0.001). Pasting temperature, peak viscosity, final viscosity, breakdown, and setback also showed significant relationships with SC volume. Normal and waxy starch blends having amylose contents of 25, 20, 15, and 10%...
Yu Zusheng: Organic Intellectuals and the Moral Basis of Class in Wartime Chongqing

(2003). Yu Zusheng: organic intellectuals and the moral basis of class in wartime chongqing. Asian Studies Review: Vol. 27, No. 3, pp. 289-316.
Promotion of preterm infant nipple feeding with nonnutritive sucking.

Transition of preterm infants from enteral to nipple feeding is a necessary milestone for hospital discharge. This study tested the efficacy of one potential intervention to facilitate the transition process. Ten minnutes of nonnutritive sucking (NNS) and a control condition were administered randomly before first nipple feedings. The sample consisted of 20 preterm infants (gestational ages 27–33 weeks, M =31.6, SD =1.7; birth weights 931–2, 140 g, M =1,649, SD =373) who served as their own controls. NNS resulted in fewer behavioral state changes during feedings and produced quiet, awake states more frequently during feedings. Heart rates did not differ between feedings following NNS compared with those in the control condition.