cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Repression and Liberation: Eros and Civilization

During the 1950s, in one of his most obstinately creative periods, Marcuse confronted the theoretical challenges posed by the pessimism of works like Sarte’s Being and Nothingness and Adorno’s and Horkheimer’s Dialectic of Enlightenment. The series of defeats of the Left suffered by Marcuse since the failure of the German Revolution of 1918, the intensification of the cold war and arms race, the emergence of a form of consumer capitalism which he despised, the anti-Communist witchhunts of the McCarthy era, and his own difficult personal circumstances made Marcuse vulnerable to the pessimistic philosophical doctrines that were in the air. He did not surrender to despair, however, but set out instead to work on developing his own critical theory of contemporary society and vision of liberation through an intensive study of Freud, classical and modern literature, philosophy and aesthetics.
Bone Response of Loaded Periodontal Ligament

The tooth-periodontal ligament-alveolar bone complex acts symbiotically to dissipate the mechanical loads incurred during mastication and/or orthodontic tooth movement. The periodontal ligament functions both in the tension and compression. At the molecular and celleular levels, the loads in the periodontal ligament trigger mechanobiological events in the alveolar bone, which leads to bone modeling and remodeling. The current review focuses on the bone response to mechanical loading of the periodontal ligament on the tension and pressure sides. Understanding the bone response has major implications for dentistry, including a better understanding of the different types of orthodontic tooth movement.
Gesture Use in 14-Month-Old Toddlers With Hearing Loss and Their Mothers' Responses

Purpose This study examined the gesture use of 14-month-old toddlers with hearing loss (HL) and mothers' responses to children's early gesture use. Comparisons were made to symbolic language and to...
Specification of Cortical Projection Neurons: Transcriptional Mechanisms

Abstract The mammalian neocortex is most evolutionarily advanced region of the brain, responsible for sensory perception, integrative-associative function, voluntary motor control, and high-level cognition; it has undergone dramatic expansion during evolution. This capacity for high-order processing emerges from a complex, yet highly organized, six-layered sheet-like structure divided into functionally and cytoarchitectonically distinct areas that contain many distinct neuronal subtypes with function-specific molecular, connectivity and physiological properties. Here, the development and organization of the neocortex are reviewed in the context of recent results revealing functions of individual and combinatorial sets of genes in controlling specification, development, connectivity, and areal function-specific diversity of distinct projection neuron subtypes. First, we describe the diversity of progenitors that give rise to the projection neurons of the neocortex, and discuss current knowledge regarding molecular-genetic programs that regulate progenitor specification, lineage potential, and plasticity. Next, we focus on two distinct, broad projection neuron classes, corticofugal (cortical output) projection neurons and callosal projection neurons (the dominant inter-hemispheric neurons in placental mammals). We describe recent advances in understanding the interplay of combinatorial and sequential molecular-genetic controls over the precise generation and diversity of these developmentally and clinically important neuronal subtypes. Then, we review some possibilities for applying the expanding knowledge of developmental biology of neocortical subtype-specific differentiation toward directed differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells and cellular repair strategies. Finally, we briefly discuss an emerging field regarding implementation of circuit-specific axonal connectivity, circuit formation, and function by subtype-specific subcellular domains, in particular growth cones.
Efficient enumeration of 2D Euclidean distances

The computation of the Euclidean distance is an important aspect in many signal processing applications, especially those related to pattern classification systems and communication systems. Most communication systems compute the Euclidean distance between a given set of candidates (called objects) and a given vector (called a query). In this paper we present an algorithm for the computation of the Euclidean distance in a two dimensional space, which is suitable for VLSI implementation. The algorithm only computes the necessary distances, in contrast to current approaches, which rely on the availability of the distances of all candidates to the center. The advantages of the proposed algorithm over conventional ones are presented.
River network architecture, genetic effective size and distributional patterns predict differences in genetic structure across species in a dryland stream fish community.

Dendritic ecological network (DEN) architecture can be a strong predictor of spatial genetic patterns in theoretical and simulation studies. Yet, interspecific differences in dispersal capabilities and distribution within the network may equally affect species’ genetic structuring. We characterized patterns of genetic variation from up to ten microsatellite loci for nine numerically dominant members of the upper Gila River fish community, New Mexico, USA. Using comparative landscape genetics, we evaluated the role of network architecture for structuring populations within species (pairwise FST) while explicitly accounting for intraspecific demographic influences on effective population size (Ne). Five species exhibited patterns of connectivity and/or genetic diversity gradients that were predicted by network structure. These species were generally considered to be small-bodied or habitat specialists. Spatial variation of Ne was a strong predictor of pairwise FST for two species, suggesting patterns of connectivity may also be influenced by genetic drift independent of network properties. Finally, two study species exhibited genetic patterns that were unexplained by network properties and appeared to be related to nonequilibrium processes. Properties of DENs shape community-wide genetic structure but effects are modified by intrinsic traits and nonequilibrium processes. Further theoretical development of the DEN framework should account for such cases.
Epidermolysis Bullosa: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Complications, and Treatment

This chapter presents an overview of the epidemiology, diagnosis, nutritional complications, and nutrition-related surgical interventions for patients with epidermolysis bullosa (EB). Given that nutritional problems are more severe in patients with the recessive dystrophic EB subtype (RDEB) and junctional EB (JEB), we focus on our experience over an 18-year period with this specific patient population. We describe our esophageal dilatation and gastrostomy placement techniques and outcomes, the special preparations required for anesthesia, and the essential components of perioperative management.
Oral exposure of pregnant rats to toxic doses of methylmercury alters fetal accumulation.

Abstract Methylmercury (CH 3 Hg + ) is an environmental toxicant that may lead to significant pathologies in exposed individuals. The current study assessed the disposition and toxicological effects of 2.5 or 7.5 mg kg −1 CH 3 Hg + , conjugated to cysteine (Cys; Cys- S -CH 3 Hg) and administered orally to pregnant and non-pregnant Wistar and TR − rats. Rats were euthanized on gestational day 20 and the content of mercury in each fetus, amniotic sac, and placenta was determined. The brain, liver, and kidneys were removed from each fetus for estimation of mercury content. From the dams, a sample of blood, kidneys, liver, and brain were removed at the time of euthanasia. The findings from this study indicate that pregnancy leads to significant changes in the handling of mercuric ions, particularly in the liver. Furthermore, there are significant differences in the handling of non-nephrotoxic and nephrotoxic doses of Cys- S -CH 3 Hg by maternal and fetal organs.
Automatic generation of optimal quantum key distribution protocols

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) allows two parties to establish a shared secret key secure against an all-powerful adversary. Typically, one designs new QKD protocols and then analyzes their maximal tolerated noise mathematically. If the noise in the quantum channel connecting the two parties is higher than this threshold value, they must abort. In this paper we design and evaluate a new real-coded Genetic Algorithm which takes as input statistics on a particular quantum channel (found using standard channel estimation procedures) and outputs a QKD protocol optimized for the specific given channel. We show how this method can be used to find QKD protocols for channels where standard protocols would fail.
A Dissociation Model of Borderline Personality Disorder

It is interesting to witness the current shifts in theory, research, and practice in psychoanalysis. From its Freudian beginnings and instinct theory to the present focus on the integration of neur...
Liver transplantation for Wilson disease

Liver transplantation (LT) is a life-saving and curative treatment for Wilson disease (WD), providing restoration of function of the liver and mitigation of portal hypertension. Indications for LT in patients with WD include acute liver failure or end-stage liver disease not treatable by medical therapy. LT is also used to treat hepatocellular carcinoma when it develops in patients with WD when tumor resection is not feasible. LT solely for neurologic or psychiatric WD remains controversial. Living liver donation as well as cadaveric orthotopic and auxiliary LT are options for transplantation for WD. Outcomes for LT for WD are excellent, and supportive measures while awaiting transplantation help bridge the patient to a more successful outcome. Future hepatocyte or stem cell transplantation may augment or supplant current LT for WD.
Newspapers Vs. TV: Who is Taking the Most Advantage of The Www?

While both TV and newspapers have been using the WWW for many years, the different backgrounds of the content producers has meant that the different media have been using the Web in different ways. To study the differences between the media and their utilization of the Web, content analyses of websites in the top 25 U.S. TV markets (four stations each, for 100 total) and the top 100 circulation newspapers in the U.S were conducted. The studies showed that while TV stations naturally excelled at putting video on the Web, newspapers’ use of the Web in almost all other aspects was significantly superior to their TV counterparts in almost all other categories.
On the Volume of a Sphere

1. Archimedes on the volume of a sphere It is well known that Archi edes found the volume of a sphere. If S is the volume of a sphere of radius a, then S = y Tia3, where tz/4 is a constant giving the ratio of the area a circle to the area of its circu scribed square. Hence, too, volume (= n 2 • Id) of th right ci cular cylinder of h ight 2a circumscribing the sphere is y S. Archimedes expressed the wish that the figure of a sphe e a d a circumscribing cylinder be ng ave on his tombston (cf. Ball 1901, p. 69). For us, finding the volume is a e sy exercise. If the center of the sphere is taken at the origin of a rectangular coordinate system, the equation of the sphere is x2 + y2 + z2 = a2. The section of this by a plane at level z is a circle of radius 1 a2 z2. Hence the volume, as taught in our first y ar calculus c urses, is a
Extensions of the Method

In the previous chapters, we demonstrated advantages of the FTM in describing phase transformations in material systems. However, the world of phase transformations is so diverse that the tools of one method may not be enough to describe all its wonders. There are many dimensions in which the method may and should be extended. First of all, we need to discuss the problem of computational efficiency of the method. Indeed, a rough estimate shows that in its full implementation the FTM is not very efficient in describing structural features of a macroscopic object because the method must naturally resolve the mesoscopic features, such as interfacial structure, which may not be critical for the overall structure and properties of the material. This problem may be resolved by using an adaptive mesh, that is, the computational grid of variable size [1]. Another strategy is to use a cellular automata method, which we discuss in this chapter. Second of all, the real-world materials manifest many features which are not directly related to phase transitions, e.g., grains and grain boundaries. These features and the problems associated with their modeling are also discussed in this chapter. We conclude this chapter and the book with an epilogue where we try to outline the challenges and future prospects of the Method.
An integrated approach to project environmental sustainability under future climate variability: An application to U.S. Rio Grande Basin

Abstract Extreme weather events have been affecting local environmental sustainability. Previous literature in this field evaluates environmental sustainability based mainly on past and current resource consumption and availability, however, knowledge about the status and potential changes of environmental sustainability under future climate extremes is missing. This paper proposes an integrated approach (combining the Ecological Footprint Analysis with econometric regressions) to predict future environmental sustainability under different climate scenarios. Based on the case study of the U.S. Rio Grande Basin, the results show that this region has been sustainable in 1982–2012, although sustainability levels have been declining over time. In addition, projections for the future show that the entire region will most likely move away from sustainability by the end of this century under the high emission scenario (e.g., RCP8.5). These findings are relevant for sustainable resource management and allocation of local environmental resources as well as for decision-making support regarding climate risk adaptation and mitigation strategies.
Mitochondrial superoxide increases excitatory synaptic strength in spinal dorsal horn neurons of neuropathic mice

Reactive oxygen species has been suggested as a key player in neuropathic pain, causing central sensitization by changing synaptic strengths in spinal dorsal horn neurons. However, it remains unclear as to what type of reactive oxygen species changes what aspect of synaptic strengths for central sensitization in neuropathic pain conditions. In this study, we investigated whether mitochondrial superoxide affects both excitatory and inhibitory synaptic strengths in spinal dorsal horn neurons after peripheral nerve injury. Upregulation of mitochondrial superoxide level by knockout of superoxide dismutase-2 exacerbated neuropathic mechanical hypersensitivity caused by L5 spinal nerve ligation, whereas downregulation of mitochondrial superoxide level by overexpression of superoxide dismutase-2 alleviated the hypersensitivity. In spinal nerve ligation condition, the frequency of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents increased, while that of miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents decreased in spinal dorsal horn neurons. Superoxide dismutase-2-knockout augmented, whereas superoxide dismutase-2-overexpression prevented, the spinal nerve ligation-increased miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents frequency. However, superoxide dismutase-2-knockout had no effect on the spinal nerve ligation-decreased miniature inhibitory postsynaptic current frequency, and superoxide dismutase-2-overexpression unexpectedly decreased miniature inhibitory postsynaptic current frequency in the normal condition. When applied to the spinal cord slice during in vitro recordings, mitoTEMPO, a specific scavenger of mitochondrial superoxide, reduced the spinal nerve ligation-increased miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents frequency but failed to normalize the spinal nerve ligation-decreased miniature inhibitory postsynaptic current frequency. These results suggest that in spinal dorsal horn neurons, high levels of mitochondrial superoxide increase excitatory synaptic strength after peripheral nerve injury and contribute to neuropathic mechanical hypersensitivity. However, mitochondrial superoxide does not seem to be involved in the decreased inhibitory synaptic strength in this neuropathic pain condition.
Advancing mate choice studies in salmonids

Mate choice in most organisms is not random, but determined by a suite of interacting traits and environmental factors. While the selective pressures underlying differences in mate choice between species, populations, individuals and even within individuals has been gaining interest, there still remains unexplained variation in mate preferences especially in non-model systems. Despite being of social, environmental and economic importance there is comparatively little known about how salmonids and other tetraploids make mate choice decisions in the wild and the resultant reproductive success (i.e. the number of offspring which survive to sexual maturity). Resolving questions related to salmonid mate choice is of particular importance given that humans have been supplementing salmon populations through aquaculture for decades. Despite these efforts, hatchery produced fish have lower reproductive success relative to their wild counterparts and salmon populations are declining. Most studies on mate choice and reproductive success in salmonids focus on body size and major histocompatibility complex based choice. However, mate choice can also be affected by other factors including other genetic factors, predation risk and social environment. Here, we (a) synthesize what is presently known about mate choice and reproductive success in salmonids, (b) identify gaps in knowledge and areas where there is a lack of consensus in results, and (c) suggest interdisciplinary ways of advancing our understanding of mate choice in salmonids and other polyploids.
Conclusion: Livability in a Warming Climate

Taken together, the studies presented for Qatar point toward a number of planning guidelines that can be adopted at different scales, ranging from regional down to neighborhood level. While the recent physical development of Qatar is discernable through an analysis of satellite images, the quality of growth and its implications for the social, economic, and environmental conditions of the region all require further study and analysis. These studies have analyzed the patterns of urbanization that led to significant challenges in thermal comfort and provide guidance on alleviating urban heat, depending on thermal regimes in different areas of Doha. Findings suggest that the the built enviornment can, in fact, mediate extreme urban heat, though likely only at the 'shoulder periods', which consist of periods in the morning and evening. The ability for creating outdoor spaces that are inviting and habitable is essential for livability. Though these chapters are an early examination of the opportunities for improving urban livability, they are, admittedly, an early exploration. Future work will need to find a way to refine further the models, analyses, and ultimate applications of this work. Without doubt, the field of urban climate adapation sciences will provide a springboard for society to advance livability on a burning planet.
The Role of Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation in the Treatment of Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma in the Era of CAR-T Cell Therapy

For many years now and based on the results of the PARMA trial, relapsed Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) is treated with salvage combination cytotoxic chemotherapy (most often platinum-based) followed by high dose myeloablative chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation (auto-HCT). This approach has resulted in long-term disease free survival in about half of the patients. With the incorporation of rituximab in the upfront treatment (RCHOP), more patients with DLBCL are cured but there has been a signal of inferior outcomes with auto-HCT if DLBCL relapses. Nevertheless, a careful review of the literature still shows very good outcomes with auto-HCT for DLBCL with complete remission to salvage chemotherapy. For those who do not respond well to classic salvage other approaches are reviewed here including chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy and treatment with antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) as well as bispecific T-cell engagers (BiTEs). The outcome of auto-HCT after successful treatment with ADCs or BITEs is unknown. It is also unknown if CAR-T cell therapy should be reserved for those who have failed 2 lines of chemotherapy or it should be moved earlier. Finally, we review here the effects of Myc and bcl2 amplifications or translocations to the outcome of the auto-HCT. Some attempts to improve the salvage or conditioning regimens are mentioned. We also discuss the role of allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-HCT) in the paradigm of treatment for relapsed DLBCL.
Contextual risk among adolescents receiving opioid prescriptions for acute pain in pediatric ambulatory care settings.

Abstract Many adults with opioid use disorder (OUD) report that their first exposure to opioids was in the course of routine pain treatment in medical care settings. Adolescents receive opioid prescriptions with frequency, but are susceptible to a constellation of unique risks in the context of pain management. This empirical study presents the first cohort of adolescents recruited from ambulatory medical care within 72 h of their receipt of opioids to treat acute pain. The primary aim was to capture a time-sensitive report of the intersection of prescription opioid receipt and contextual risks for opioid misuse related to pain experience, mental health symptoms, and substance use at the adolescent and parental levels. Data were collected from 70 14–19-year-old adolescents and their accompanying parent. Results reflected that 90% of this sample of adolescents reported 2 or more risks and 35% reported 5 or more risks for future opioid misuse. Pain catastrophizing (46%) and alcohol use (40%) and were the most common adolescent-level risk factors; mother history of chronic pain (32%) and parent anxiety (21%) were the most common parent-level risk factors. Past-week parent pain intensity showed the strongest association with adolescent past-week pain intensity; neither was associated with adolescent OUD symptoms. Adolescent pain catastrophizing most reliably predicted OUD symptoms; parent pain interference was also associated. Seventy-one percent of parents reported keeping opioids at home, a relevant risk factor for future misuse. These findings illuminate the intersection between adolescent and parental risks in the context of pediatric opioid prescribing for acute pain management, and provide initial insight into potential points of prevention early in adolescent pain treatment, including avenues by which to inform and enhance prescriber decision-making regarding factors to be weighed in adolescent candidacy for opioid therapy.
The Relationship Between Personal Attributes and Effectiveness in Teachers of the Emotionally Disturbed

Assuming that effective teachers of the disturbed and maladjusted possess the same characteristics as effective therapists, a research project investigated the relationship between personality attributes and effectiveness in teachers in this area. The Teacher-Pupil Relationship Inventory (TPRI) was used to measure the personality variables of empathic understanding, congruence, level of regard, and unconditionality of regard. A significant gain in academic achievement level was found in those pupils who saw their teachers as possessing a high degree of these attributes.
Clones assemble! The clonal complexity of blood during ontogeny and disease.

Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) govern the daily expansion and turnover of billions of specialized blood cells. Given their clinical utility, much effort has been made toward understanding the dynamics of hematopoietic production from this pool of stem cells. An understanding of hematopoietic stem cell clonal dynamics during blood ontogeny could yield important insights into hematopoietic regulation, especially during aging and repeated exposure to hematopoietic stress—insults that may predispose individuals to the development of hematopoietic disease. Here, we review the current state of research regarding the clonal complexity of the hematopoietic system during embryogenesis, adulthood, and hematologic disease.
Evaluation of Diagnostic Criteria for Hashimoto Encephalopathy Among Children and Adolescents.

Abstract Background The recently proposed adult diagnostic criteria for Hashimoto encephalopathy (HE) include a requirement of subclinical or mild thyroid disease. However, reports indicate that most children treated for HE do not have evidence of thyroid disease. We aim to evaluate the impact of applying the current adult diagnostic criteria to pediatric patients. Methods Pediatric patients with HE were evaluated at time of symptom onset and follow-up at least 1 year after initiation of immunomodulatory treatment for degree of impairment within the neuropsychiatric domains of cognition, language, psychiatric disturbance, seizure, movement disorder, sleep disruption, and overall functionality. We compared the response to treatment among patients stratified by the presence or absence of subclinical or mild thyroid disease using the Modified Rankin Scale, the Liverpool Outcome Score, and a novel multidomain scale designed for the population with pediatric autoimmune brain disorders. Results Of 17 pediatric patients treated for HE, 6 met full adult diagnostic criteria, whereas 11 patients did not meet criteria solely owing to the absence of thyroid disease. Using our novel scale, the 6 patients meeting full criteria had statistically significant improvement from time of onset of disease to follow-up in the domain of cognition. The 11 patients who did not meet full criteria based on their absence of thyroid disease exhibited statistically significant improvement from time of onset of disease to follow-up in the domains of cognition, language, psychiatric disturbance, movement, and sleep. Conclusions Rigidly applying the current diagnostic criteria to pediatric patients with suspected HE may result in the failure to treat potential responders. We propose a set of diagnostic criteria for HE in children, which does not require thyroid disease but include abrupt onset cognitive regression with deficits in one or more other neuropsychiatric domains in the setting of antithyroid antibodies.
Adding Sense: Context and Interest in a Grammar of Multimodal Meaning

In recent years, with the rise of new media, the phenomenon of 'multimodality' (communication via a number of modes simultaneously) has become central to our everyday interaction. This has given rise to a new kind of literacy that is rapidly gaining ground as an area of research. A companion to Making Sense, which explored the functions of reference, agency and structure in meaning, Adding Sense extends this analysis with two more surrounding functions. It addresses the ways in which 'context' and 'interest' add necessary sense to immediate objects of meaning, proposing a 'transpositional grammar' to account for movement across these different forms of meaning. Adding Sense weaves its way through philosophy, semiotics, social theory and the history of ideas. Its examples cross a range of social contexts, from the meaning universes of the First Peoples, to the new forms of meaning that have emerged in the era of digitally-mediated communication.
Intraventricular Free-Floating Thrombus in an Impella-Supported Patient: Damage Control in a No-Win Scenario.

Abstract We describe the management and clinical decision making in a cardiogenic shock patient with a free-floating left ventricular thrombus found during temporary mechanical support with an Impe...
Social Justice and Entrepreneurial Identity: Models for the TPC Classroom

Technical and Professional Communication (TPC) scholarship has embraced a socio-cultural turn that places attention on underrepresented groups and values contexts that house less visible forms of work, process, and organization. We extend this discussion by aligning soft skills with everyday entrepreneurial practices as another route for teaching students social and cultural awareness. We argue this pedagogical shift will help students succeed as communicators to diverse audiences given the demands of today's globally diverse workplace. Cultivating entrepreneurial expertise alongside soft skills can produce students who are more attuned to diversity and inequity, and are able to re-shape workplace contexts to be more socially just. We situate entrepreneurs as everyday rhetoricians to demonstrate opportunities to teach students fruitful ways to foster socially attuned communicative practices, thereby contributing to the development of the students' own professional identities. To this end, we present a case study highlighting everyday entrepreneurship framed by participants whose identities are attuned toward social justice. Next, we apply the entrepreneurial values demonstrated by those cases to teaching re-defined notions of “soft skills,” which are traditionally seen as a nebulous amalgam of generic rhetorical and communicative skills. We conclude with next steps and pedagogical interventions to help cultivate these entrepreneurial skills among TPC students.
MICROSTRUCTURE ON PHASE TRANSFORMATION OF TWO-PHASE TiAl-BASE ALLOYS

A supersaturated single phase ordered α_2 structure in as rapidly quenched al- loys both Ti-42at.-%Al and Ti-45at.-%Al, after solid solution treatment, was revealed un- der observation with optical and transmission electron microscope as well as X-ray diffraction analysis. The supersaturated single phase may transform into a lamellar structure of γ+α_2 with a discontinuous decomposition mechanism in Ti-42at.-% Al alloy and with a semicontinuous decomposition mechanism in Ti-45at.-%Al alloy when it aged isothermally in the two-phase range between 1000 and 1100℃. The semicontinuous transformation in- volves two process: precipitation of primary lamellar γ phase and subsequent formation of cellular microstructure, in result, the initial even grain boundaries of α_2 become sawtooth.
Pellaea zygophylla, a new combination for a distinctive & well-known but neglected fern.

AO_SCPLOWBSTRACTC_SCPLOWPellaea ovata is a widespread species, sexual diploid in Texas & northeastern Mexico but an apogamous triploid in northwestern Mexico, south to northern Argentina, & on Hispaniola. The type belongs to the southern, apogamous triploid form. Although these two forms have been discussed repeatedly in the literature, morphological distinctions between them have been overlooked and they have not been recognized taxonomically. However, they are distinct. Pellaea ovata s.s. has puberulent rachides & costae; pinnae usually 2-pinnate with a well-defined main axis & pinnules borne singly; fertile pinnules ovate, cordate basally & rounded apically. The sexual diploid form has rachides & costae glabrous; pinnae pseudo-dichotomously branched & pinnules usually paired; fertile pinnules narrowly rounded-trapeziform, obliquely truncate to cordate basally & truncate apically. Riddell named the sexual diploid form Pteris zygophylla, from which I give it the new combination Pellaea zygophylla.
Inference of Sojourn Time and Transition Density using the NLST X-ray Screening Data in Lung Cancer

Aims: The aim of this study is to provide statistical inference of the sojourn time and the transition probability from the disease free to the preclinical state of lung cancer for male and female smokers using lung cancer data from the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST). Materials and Methods: We applied a likelihood function to the lung cancer data, to obtain Bayesian inference of the transition probability and the sojourn time distribution. A log-normal distribution was used for the transition probability density function multiplied by 30%, and a Weibull distribution was used to model the sojourn time in the preclinical state. Results: The estimate of screening sensitivity is 0.61 for males and 0.62 for females. Early transition happened before age 50 and lasted until after age 90. The transition probability from the disease free to the preclinical state has a single maximum at around age 73 for males and 72 for females. For male, the Bayesian posterior mean, and median sojourn time are 1.33 and 1.27 years, respectively. For female, the corresponding posterior mean, and median sojourn time are 1.23 and 1.21 years, respectively. Conclusion: Our estimation showed that male smokers are more vulnerable to lung cancer, because they have a higher transition probability density than the same aged female smokers. The female smokers have a slightly shorter mean sojourn time than the male, meaning that they are quicker to develop clinical symptom of lung cancer.
Mutation of PAX9 is associated with oligodontia

We identified a frameshift mutation in the paired domain of PAX9 following genome-wide analysis of a family segregating autosomal dominant oligodontia. Affected members have normal primary dentition but lacked most permanent molars.
Inexpensive Experiments for Undergraduate Control System Laboratories

Given a standard set of instruments, it is possible to construct a variety of rewarding experiments for an undergraduate course in control systems. These experiments are inexpensive and simple to produce in moderate quantities. We use these systems to introduce concepts in system identification, system performance and controller design. Each system is built around a microcomputer and data acquisition and control unit that, with a student-written program, serve as the system's controller. The systems that we have developed include the following: 1) a simulated home heating system, 2) an electrically heated rod, 3) a liquid level control system and 4) a simulated dual spin satellite. Each of these systems is suitable for a variety of short experiments or longer project-type studies. The hardware, educational objectives and typical assignments are discussed for each experiment and the laboratory in general.
Economic Analysis: The National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program

The conversion of acid precursors into acid deposition, as well as the relationship between acid deposition and its resulting effects on the environment, are complex and not well understood. The scientific uncertainties would be of little concern to policymakers were it not for two additional issues. On the one hand, the costs of reducing acid precursors and acid deposition appear to be substantial and of major concern to important segments in our society. However, the benefits of reducing emissions may also be large and are also of interest to our society. To many, both economists and policy analysts, controlling acid deposition becomes an evaluation of the gains and losses of any proposed action. While economists often think about these trade-offs in monetary terms, policy analysts often do not.
Stable Combustion of a High-Velocity Gas in a Heated Boundary Layer

Summary It is generally recognized that stable combustion processes in heated boundary layers may be achieved by either of two concep­ tual mechanisms. In one mechanism it is pictured that the heat transfer to the wall quenches the propagating flame at a certain distance from the surface. The equality between the flow velocity and the normal burning velocity at this quenching distance deter­ mines the position of the propagating flame. In the second mechanism it is conceived that the hot surface provides a con­ tinuous source of ignition in much the same manner that the hot recirculation zone of a bluff body flame holder provides continuous ignition to the gas flowing around it. In this case it is the charac­ teristic time during which the gas must be heated that determines the position of the flame. All experimental work reported to date has been concerned with conditions where the first picture has apparently been applicable. In the present paper, experiment and analysis are given that show under what conditions the continuous ignition mechanism provides the appropriate model and also how the two models are related. To differentiate the two mechanisms an experiment was set up to study flame stabilization in high-velocity boundary layers over a wall heated in the form of a step function. With a turbulent boundary layer and a wall temperature above 1,700°F.f the char­ acteristic time was found to be a systematic and reproducible variable. These observations led to the conclusion that a con­ tinuous ignition mechanism governs stabilization in heated turbu­ lent boundary layers. A rational explanation is made for the transition from the low-speed mechanism known to be applicable in unheated turbulent boundary layers and heated laminar bound­ ary layers to the ignition mechanism applicable in heated tur­ bulent boundary layers. As a further verification of the continuous ignition mechanism an apparent ignition energy was found. The logarithm of the heat added at the lower stability limit was found to be a linear function of the reciprocal of the limiting wall temperature. The activation energy derived from this Arrhenius type of relation agreed reason­ ably well with the estimated value for the fuel used.
Food Insecurity and Health Outcomes Among Older Adults: The Role of Cost-Related Medication Underuse

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between food security and cost-related medication underuse among older adults (persons aged 65 years and older) in the United States; and to determine if this relationship differs by sex, chronic disease status, and type of health insurance. Data are from a combined sample of older adults in the 2011 and 2012 National Health Interview Survey (N = 10,401). Both bivariate and multivariate analyses show a dose-response relationship between food insecurity and cost-related medication underuse among the elderly--increasing likelihood of cost-related medication underuse with increasing severity of food insecurity (P < 0.001). This association is not conditional on sex, chronic disease status, or type of health insurance. However, females and those with a chronic condition are more likely to report cost-related medication underuse than males and those without a chronic condition respectively; and older adults with Medicare and Medicaid or other public insurance are less likely to report cost-related medication underuse than older adults with only Medicare.
The Deconstructed Church: Understanding Emerging Christianity, by Gerardo Marti and Gladys Ganiel, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014, xi + 268 pp. ISBN 978 0 19 995988 4, US$35.00 (hardback)

In 2006, sociologist James Spickard published an article entitled, ‘What is Happening to Religion? Six Sociological Narratives.’ In this article, Spickard summarized various theories that attempt t...
Cellular automata as an alternative to (rather than an approximation of) differential equations in modeling physics

Abstract Cellular automata are models of distributed dynamical systems whose structure is particularly well suited to ultrafast, exact numerical simulation. On the other hand, they constitute a radical departure from the traditional partial-differential-equation approach to distributed dynamics. Here we discuss the problem of encoding the state-variables and evolution laws of a physical system into this new setting, and of giving suitable correspondence rules for interpreting the model's behavior.
Quantitative proteomic analysis of LPS‐induced differential immune response associated with TLR4 Polymorphisms by multiplex amino acid coded mass tagging

Polymorphisms at Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) gene have been found to be associated with immune disorders. A murine macrophage cell line GG2EE derived from C3H/HeJ mice with a polymorphism site at TLR4 is hyposensitive to lipopolysacchride (LPS). To study the molecular base of diverse TLR4-mediated immune responses, the proteomic changes in both TLR4-deficient and –wild-type cell lines in response to the same LPS challenge were quantitatively compared by using multiplex amino acid coded mass-tagging (AACT)/SILAC-assisted mass spectrometry (MS). This strategy allows encoding of two distinct cell populations with different stable isotope-tagged lysine residues as the ‘in-spectra’ quantitative markers. In MS analysis of tryptic peptides derived from the equally mixed three cell populations, the lysine-containing peptides originated from two LPS stimulated cell populations can be clearly distinguished by their different mass shifts from the un-stimulated and unlabeled counterpart. The LPS-induced differential protein expression in TLR4 –deficient and –wild-type proteomes were obtained by comparing the intensities of isotopically encoded peptides. Among the more than 900 proteins identified, 35 were found to be deregulated at different levels in these two cell lines stimulated by LPS. This multiplex mass-tagging methodology can be readily extended to other comparative proteomic quantitation of different cell populations.
Comparing marginal distributions of large, sparse contingency tables

Abstract The feasibility of maximum likelihood (ML) analyses of models for marginal distributions of contingency tables diminishes as the numbers of margins and response categories increases. This article describes alternative approaches that are much more feasible. We recommend a “pseudo ML” approach that obtains model parameter estimates by treating repeated responses as independent and uses a jackknife to estimate the covariance matrix of those estimates. We test marginal homogeneity using a Wald statistic, or by adapting the efficient score statistic from the independent-samples case. We illustrate these approaches with a seven-dimensional table having 78 125 cells, and we give simulation results that show no substantive loss of efficiency from using pseudo ML estimates.
The muscarinic toxin 3 augments neuropeptide mRNA in rat striatum in vivo.

The selective M4 muscarinic receptor toxin, MT3, was used in vivo to evaluate the role of M4 receptors in cholinergic inhibition of neuropeptide mRNA expression in striatonigral neurons. Unilateral injection of the muscarinic toxin 3 (0.04-4 nmol) into the dorsal striatum of chronically-cannulated rats elevated basal levels of preprodynorphin, substance P and preproenkephalin mRNAs in the ipsilateral dorsal striatum as revealed by quantitative in situ hybridization. Pretreatment with muscarinic toxin 3 also augmented amphetamine (2.5 mg/kg, i.p.)-stimulated preprodynorphin and substance P expression in the dorsal striatum in a manner similar to that observed after the muscarinic antagonist, scopolamine. Since muscarinic toxin 3 has a much greater affinity for muscarinic M4 receptors than for other subtypes, it is possible that muscarinic toxin 3, by interacting with the muscarinic M4 subtype, regulates basal and/or dopamine-stimulated striatal neuropeptide gene expression.
Circles, vectors, and linear algebra

(1993). Circles, Vectors, and Linear Algebra. Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 66, No. 2, pp. 75-86.
Predicting Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in a Racially and Ethnically Diverse Cohort of Adolescent Girls

secreting tumors of the adrenal gland and ovary, McCune Albright syndrome, VanWyk-Grumbach syndrome, adrenal gland enzyme deficiencies and exogenous exposure to sex hormones. Sex hormone secreting tumors of the ovary are a rare cause of PPP. Although, it is well known that males can have human chorionic gonadotropin (hcg) secreting germ cell tumors which activate the LH receptors on the testicular Leydig cells resulting in testosterone secretion, the exact mechanism for a germ cell tumor to cause PPP in females is not known. There are case reports of females with mixed GCT/ stromal cell tumors of the ovary presenting with PPP but few describing a solitary GCT. In this case the pathology specimen did not find any component of sex cord tumor nor were the tumor markers associated with sex cord tumors elevated significantly. Based on this case report, it is important to consider GCTs in the differential diagnosis of PPP.
Latino Parents' Awareness and Receipt of the HPV Vaccine for Sons and Daughters in a State with Low Three-Dose Completion

Latinos suffer a disproportionate burden of human papillomavirus (HPV)-preventable cancers, yet uptake and completion of the HPV vaccine among Latinos is below recommendations. Reasons for low HPV vaccine uptake among Latinos in Utah are unknown. We surveyed Latino parents of HPV vaccine age-eligible adolescents (N = 118). Univariable analyses identified sociodemographic characteristics associated with HPV vaccine awareness, interest, and uptake for daughter(s) and/or son(s) using chi-square tests or Fisher’s exact tests. More parents who had lived in the USA for 15 years or more had vaccinated their daughter (43.6 vs. 32.5 %, p = 0.035) compared to those living in the USA for shorter time periods. Parents born in Mexico reported their son had not received the HPV vaccine (74.6 vs. 58.3 %, p = 0.049) more than those born elsewhere. Parents with Mexican birthplace and ancestry reported not knowing about the HPV vaccine as the main barrier to vaccinating daughters (47.1 vs. 5.9 %, p = 0.002 for both) and sons (birthplace 38.3 vs. 10.3 %, p = 0.007; ancestry 37.1 vs. 11.1 %, p = 0.013) compared to those born or descending elsewhere. Non-acculturated parents with a son were more likely to report not knowing about the HPV vaccine as the main barrier to vaccine receipt (47.6 vs. 12.5 %, p < 0.001). Our results focus on Latinos in an understudied region and complement prior research in other regions. This study may have implications for designing culturally tailored interventions to improve uptake of the HPV vaccine among the growing population of Latinos in Utah, and other states in the Intermountain West.
Exiles and Arms: The Territorial Practices of State Making and War Diffusion in Post–Cold War Africa

AbstractThe end of the Cold War resulted in a wave of political change among post-colonial states in Africa. Following these political transformations was nearly two decades of war in central Africa (the so-called Africa's World War). Building on a notion of effective sovereignty regimes, or the relationships between central state authority and state territoriality, this paper examines the territorial strategies and practices associated with the transitions to multiparty politics that enabled the space/time spread of war in the region. The attempts of existing regimes to create polities capable of returning them to power through elections gave rise to territorial practices focused on supporting exile and refugee groups that actively undermined the sovereignty of neighboring states. These territorial practices, with their roots in the democratization of single-party states, directly contributed to nearly two decades of war and human suffering in the region, while ending the wars required altogether new ter...
Acoustooptic interaction in a planar acoustic waveguide.

Acoustooptic interaction as well as the characteristics of both the longitudinal and the flexural modes of guided acoustic waves in an isotropic planar acoustic waveguide have been investigated theoretically. Material parameters for the SF-59 dense flint glass have been used in numerical calculations as an example. The interaction between L(1) longitudinal mode and an optical beam through the center of the acoustic waveguide has been studied with particular detail and is compared with bulk acoustooptic interaction. It is found that the presence of acoustic boundaries results at nonuniform and frequency dependent acoustooptic interaction, unless the acoustic waveguide is made sufficiently thin. Substantial reduction in device driving power is possible using guided acoustic wave technology, due to the small cross section of the acoustic waveguide.