Major League Winners: Using Sports and Cultural Centers as Tools for Economic Development

Preface Acknowledgments The Author Urban Change, a Loss of Centrality, and New Destinies for Downtowns Introduction Sports, Entertainment, and Culture for Image, Attracting Human Capital, and Economic Development The Beginning of an End to the Need for Central Cities Why Should Cities Care about Sports, Entertainment, and Culture? Sports, Entertainment, and Culture: The Trinity for Redevelopment Misplaced Revenues, Misplaced Values Goal and Organization of This Book Endnotes Teams, Cities, Elites, and the Real Value of "Big-Ticket" Amenities A General Framework for Investments in Big-Ticket Items The Value and Appropriateness of Big-Ticket Items Amenities, Human Capital, and Economic Development Organic Urban Change versus Planned Redevelopment Business Leaders and Urban Redevelopment The Unbalanced Playing Field between Teams and Cities Challenging the Leagues in Court, at the Statehouse, or in Congress Revitalization and Development as an Alternative to Subsidies Summary Endnotes Indianapolis as the Broker City The Indianapolis Plan: Goals, Objectives, and History Indianapolis, Sports, and Redevelopment: What Was Built, How Much Was Invested, and Whose Dollars Were Spent? Has Indianapolis Been Changed by the Sports and Downtown Redevelopment Strategy Challenges on the Horizon: Subsidies and Revenues Indianapolis: The Broker City to Be a Major League Winner Endnotes Shared Risk, Shared Returns: San Diego's Unique Partnership for a Ballpark, Convention Center Hotel, and a New Downtown Neighborhood Introduction The Padres and the "Need" for a New Ballpark Politics of San Diego's Sports World Task Force II and the Generation of Substantial Public Benefits Public Benefits and the Stigma of Subsidies Scorecard on the Ballpark District: What Was Built The Scorecard: Taxes Generated The Ballpark District: Development, Land Use, and the Best Use of Urban Land The Ballpark District and San Diego: Mutual Risk in a New Model for Public/Private Partnerships Endnotes A White Elephant, an Arena, and Revitalization: Using Location and the Glitz of L.A. LIVE to Rebuild a Downtown Area Introduction Thinking Outside the Box: Bringing the Lakers and Kings Downtown Downtown Los Angeles: Liabilities and Assets Sealing and Selling the Deal Los Angeles' Investment and Returns Rebuilding Downtown Los Angeles: L.A. LIVE Rebuilding Downtown: Other Iconic Projects Conclusions Endnotes Columbus, Major League Sports, and a New Downtown Neighborhood: A Failed Initiative and a Privately Built Arena Introduction Fighting for a Toe Hold in Professional Sports A. The Arena District Plan Columbus' Arena District: An Early Assessment Columbus' Arena District: What Was Built Conclusions Endnotes Can a City Win When Losing? Cleveland and the Building of Sports, Cultural, and Entertainment Facilities in the Midst of Population Declines and Job Losses Introduction The Crisis of Confidence Cleveland's "Hail Mary" Pass: Downtown Revitalization as Symbols of Confidence Results of Cleveland's "Hail Mary" Pass Extra Benefits from Building Amenities: Regional Cooperation Amending Cleveland's Major League Loser Status: New Leases Business Leaders and Downtown and Community Development Conclusions Endnotes Stagnation, Crime, and Population Change: Reading's Volunteer Leadership Group and a Focus on Sports, Entertainment, the Arts, and Culture to Revitalize a Small City Introduction: Economic Change in a Small City Changes in a Small City: Economic and Racial Separation Into the Breach: A Volunteer Leadership Group and Its Focus on Entertainment Reimaging Reading: From the Outlet Capital to a Mid-Atlantic Arts Center Reading's Leadership Group and Community Development Measures of Success Conclusions Endnotes Sports, Culture, Entertainment and Revitalization: Turning Subsidies into Strategic Investments Introduction Subsidies to Investments in the Aftermath of the Credit Crisis Lessons Learned: Similarities within Differences Lessons Learned: Advice for Other Cities Looking to Sports, Entertainment, and Cultural Amenities for Revitalization Recommendation 9: Level the Negotiating Table Conclusion Endnotes References Index