cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Impact of Atmospheric Surface-layer Parameterizations in the new Land-surface Scheme of the NCEP Mesoscale Eta Model

We tested three atmospheric surface-layer parameterization schemes (Mellor-Yamadalevel 2, Paulson, and modified Louis), both ina 1-D mode in the new NCEP land-surface scheme against long-term FIFE and HAPEX observations, and in a coupled 3-D mode withthe NCEP mesoscale Eta model. The differences inthese three schemes and the resulting surface exchange coefficients do not, in general, lead to significant differences in model simulated surface fluxes, skin temperature, andprecipitation, provided the same treatment of roughness length for heat is employed.Rather, the model is more sensitive to the choice of the roughness length for heat. To assess the latter, we also tested two approaches to specifythe roughness length for heat: 1) assuming the roughness length for heat is a fixed ratio of the roughness length for momentum, and 2) relating this ratio to the roughness Reynolds number as proposed by Zilitinkevich.Our 1-D column model sensitivity tests suggested that the Zilitinkevich approach can improve the surface heat fluxand skin temperature simulations. A long-term test with the NCEP mesoscaleEta model indicated that this approach can also reduce forecast precipitation bias. Based on these simulations, in January 1996 we operationally implemented the Paulsonscheme with the new land-surface scheme of the NCEP Eta model, along with the Zilitinkevich formulation to specify the roughness length for heat.
The Current Status of Evidence for and Against Postnatal Oogenesis in Mammals: A Case of Ovarian Optimism Versus Pessimism?

Whether or not oogenesis continues in the ovaries of mammalian females during postnatal life was heavily debated from the late 1800s through the mid-1900s. However, in 1951 Lord Solomon Zuckerman published what many consider to be a landmark paper summarizing his personal views of data existing at the time for and against the possibility of postnatal oogenesis. In Zuckerman's opinion, none of the evidence he considered was inconsistent with Waldeyer's initial proposal in 1870 that female mammals cease production of oocytes at or shortly after birth. This conclusion rapidly became dogma, and remained essentially unchallenged until just recently, despite the fact that Zuckerman did not offer a single experiment proving that adult female mammals are incapable of oogenesis. Instead, 20 years later he reemphasized that his conclusion was based solely on an absence of data he felt would be inconsistent with the idea of a nonrenewable oocyte pool provided at birth. However, in the immortal words of Carl Sagan, an "absence of evidence is not evidence of absence." Indeed, building on the efforts of a few scientists who continued to question this dogma after Zuckerman's treatise in 1951, we reported several data sets in 2004 that were very much inconsistent with the widely held belief that germ cell production in female mammals ceases at birth. Perhaps not surprisingly, given the magnitude of the paradigm shift being proposed, this work reignited a vigorous debate that first began more than a century ago. Our purpose here is to review the experimental evidence offered in recent studies arguing support for and against the possibility that adult mammalian females replenish their oocyte reserve. "Never discourage anyone who continually makes progress, no matter how slow."-Plato (427-347 BC).
TAp73 Protein Stability Is Controlled by Histone Deacetylase 1 via Regulation of Hsp90 Chaperone Function

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) play important roles in fundamental cellular processes, and HDAC inhibitors are emerging as promising cancer therapeutics. p73, a member of the p53 family, plays a critical role in tumor suppression and neural development. Interestingly, p73 produces two classes of proteins with opposing functions: the full-length TAp73 and the N-terminally truncated ΔNp73. In the current study, we sought to characterize the potential regulation of p73 by HDACs and found that histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) is a key regulator of TAp73 protein stability. Specifically, we showed that HDAC1 inhibition by HDAC inhibitors or by siRNA shortened the half-life of TAp73 protein and subsequently decreased TAp73 expression under normal and DNA damage-induced conditions. Mechanistically, we found that HDAC1 knockdown resulted in hyperacetylation and inactivation of heat shock protein 90, which disrupted the interaction between heat shock protein 90 and TAp73 and thus promoted the proteasomal degradation of TAp73. Functionally, we found that down-regulation of TAp73 was required for the enhanced cell migration mediated by HDAC1 knockdown. Together, we uncover a novel regulation of TAp73 protein stability by HDAC1-heat shock protein 90 chaperone complex, and our data suggest that TAp73 is a critical downstream mediator of HDAC1-regulated cell migration.
Symbol-level network coding for wireless mesh networks

This paper describes MIXIT, a system that improves the throughput of wireless mesh networks. MIXIT exploits a basic property of mesh networks: even when no node receives a packet correctly, any given bit is likely to be received by some node correctly. Instead of insisting on forwarding only correct packets, MIXIT routers use physical layer hints to make their best guess about which bits in a corrupted packet are likely to be correct and forward them to the destination. Even though this approach inevitably lets erroneous bits through, we find that it can achieve high throughput without compromising end-to-end reliability.The core component of MIXIT is a novel network code that operates on small groups of bits, called symbols. It allows the nodes to opportunistically route groups of bits to their destination with low overhead. MIXIT's network code also incorporates an end-to-end error correction component that the destination uses to correct any errors that might seep through. We have implemented MIXIT on a software radio platform running the Zigbee radio protocol. Our experiments on a 25-node indoor testbed show that MIXIT has a throughput gain of 2.8x over MORE, a state-of-the-art opportunistic routing scheme, and about 3.9x over traditional routing using the ETX metric.
The influence of expanding media menus on audience content selection

When Smith [The Wired Nation. Cable TV: The Electronic Communications Highway. Harper & Row, New York, 1972] described the "wired nation" some three decades ago, he saw an abundance of content and services that eventually would provide audiences with an almost unlimited menu of options. Almost three decades later, that vision has expanded beyond cable television to include satellite and cable systems offering 150 channels or more and an Internet whose "menu" is constantly expanding and literally indeterminate.This study examines people's diverse interests and Internet use, media use, and interpersonal communication patterns. A survey of a major metropolitan area tapped people's interests across 19 categories ranging from business and music to the environment, cooking, entertainers and other cultures. Also measured were access to communication technologies, Internet use, web diversity, media and interpersonal communication patterns and social categories. Results supported the hypothesis that diversity of interests would be positively associated with diversity of website use. Relationships also were found between diversity of interests and patterns of media use, and specific interest dimensions were linked to frequency of particular media behaviors.
ANTHROPOGENIC CLIMATE CHANGE AND A NEW PARADIGM OF NATURAL RESOURCE PLANNING

Heightened public concern, pending federal legislation, and calls for an international treaty to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases have placed pressure on resource planners to mitigate the causes and impacts of anthropogenic climate change despite uncertainty over its timing and magnitude. Traditional resource planning, however, is predicated on the assumption that future environmental conditions will emulate the past, and is based on local and national, rather than global, objectives. The threat of global warming calls for a new paradigm of resource planning, including expanded sensitivity analysis, incremental response as the threat evolves, an expanded range of adjustments, and planning in a global context.
The Effect of Increased Energy Prices on Agriculture: A Differential Supply Approach

The increase in energy prices between 2004 and 2007 has several potential consequences for aggregate agriculture in the U.S. We estimate the derived input demand elasticities for energy as well as capital, labor, and materials using the differential supply formulation. Given that the derived input demand for energy is inelastic, it is more price-responsive than the other inputs. The results also indicate that the U.S. aggregate agricultural supply function is responsive to energy prices.
Investigation of Interspecies Interactions within Marine Micromonosporaceae Using an Improved Co-Culture Approach

With respect to bacterial natural products, a significant outcome of the genomic era was that the biosynthetic potential in many microorganisms surpassed the number of compounds isolated under standard laboratory growth conditions, particularly among certain members in the phylum Actinobacteria. Our group, as well as others, investigated interspecies interactions, via co-culture, as a technique to coax bacteria to produce novel natural products. While co-culture provides new opportunities, challenges exist and questions surrounding these methods remain unanswered. In marine bacteria, for example, how prevalent are interspecies interactions and how commonly do interactions result in novel natural products? In an attempt to begin to answer basic questions surrounding co-culture of marine microorganisms, we have tested both antibiotic activity-based and LC/MS-based methods to evaluate Micromonosporaceae secondary metabolite production in co-culture. Overall, our investigation of 65 Micromonosporaceae led to the identification of 12 Micromonosporaceae across three genera that produced unique metabolites in co-culture. Our results suggest that interspecies interactions were prevalent between marine Micromonosporaceae and marine mycolic acid-containing bacteria. Furthermore, our approach highlights a sensitive and rapid method for investigating interspecies interactions in search of novel antibiotics, secondary metabolites, and genes.
PS2-47: SAS Hash Objects are Memory Bound. So What?

Background/Aims If you are like most SAS programmers, you’ve heard amazing claims regarding SAS hash objects — lightning-fast lookups without the need to sort. You also know that hash objects are memory-bound, making them uselessfor your big data needs. This presentation outlines the benefits of hash objects when used with data step by-processing. GHRI uses hash objects for the VDW Utilization data build process. As you will see, hash objects are multi-purpose data containers that can dramatically reduce processing time, even when dealing with hundreds of millions of records. This talk will cover advanced features of the SAS hash object, including key summaries, check(), ref(), multikey objects, and sorting.
Neural network control for intelligent end effector of manipulators via proximity sensing

The authors develop a technique using an artificial neural network system for the intelligent control of a robot manipulator (e.g. Unimation PUMA 560) that can grasp objects dexterously with active optical proximity sensors. Multi-layer neural networks are presented to process the sensor information for grasping objects dexterously via iterative learning of the network. The sensory system uses a transmission (beam-block) sensing mode and a reflection sensing mode. Complex nonlinear operations for processing the information can be performed easily by the artificial neural network, and total processing can be performed in real-time by using a DSP board (AT&T WE DSP32C, 49.152 MHz). >
Survey of sticking effects for micro parts handling

When parts to be handled are less than one millimeter in size, adhesive forces between gripper and object can be significant compared to gravitational forces. These adhesive forces arise primarily from surface tension, Van der Waals, and electrostatic attractions and can be a fundamental limitation to part handling in a gas environment. While it is possible to fabricate miniature versions of conventional robot grippers, for example from polysilicon, it appears that it will be difficult to overcome adhesion effects for the smallest parts. Thus, manipulation of parts on the order of 10 micron or smaller may best be done in a fluid medium using techniques such as laser trapping, or dielectrophoresis.
PRIVILEGED COMMUNICATION IN THE SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGIST-CLIENT RELATIONSHIP

In the years since the 1996 Supreme Court Jaffee v. Redmond decision, many states broadened the scope of their laws governing privilege to include non-doctoral school psychologists. This article addresses the meaning of the term privileged communication and identifies common exceptions to privilege. Findings from a computerized search of the status of privileged communication between school psychologists and their clients in all states are reported. Implications of privilege communication laws for the delivery of school psychological services are discussed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Global radiative forcing of coupled tropospheric ozone and aerosols in a unified general circulation model

Space Studies (GISS) GCM II 0 , that simulates coupled tropospheric ozone-NOxhydrocarbon chemistry and sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, black carbon, primary organic carbon, and secondary organic carbon aerosols. The fully coupled gas-aerosol unified GCM allows one to evaluate the extent to which global burdens, radiative forcing, and eventually climate feedbacks of ozone and aerosols are influenced by gas-aerosol chemical interactions. Estimated present-day global burdens of sea salt and mineral dust are 6.93 and 18.1 Tg with lifetimes of 0.4 and 3.9 days, respectively. The GCM is applied to estimate current top of atmosphere (TOA) and surface radiative forcing by tropospheric ozone and all natural and anthropogenic aerosol components. The global annual mean value of the radiative forcing by tropospheric ozone is estimated to be +0.53 W m � 2 at TOA and +0.07 W m � 2 at the Earth’s surface. Global, annual average TOA and surface radiative forcing by all aerosols are estimated as � 0.72 and � 4.04 W m � 2 , respectively. While the predicted highest aerosol cooling and heating at TOA are � 10 and +12 W m � 2 , respectively, surface forcing can reach values as high as � 30 W m � 2 , mainly caused by the absorption by black carbon, mineral dust, and OC. We also estimate the effects of chemistry-aerosol coupling on forcing estimates based on currently available understanding of heterogeneous reactions on aerosols. Through altering the burdens of sulfate, nitrate, and ozone, heterogeneous reactions are predicted to change the global mean TOA forcing of aerosols by 17% and influence global mean TOA forcing of tropospheric ozone by 15%. INDEX TERMS: 0305 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Aerosols and particles (0345, 4801); 0345 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Pollution—urban and regional (0305); 0365 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Troposphere—composition and chemistry;
Deterrence and Counterdeterrence in the Fight Against Global Terror

A key challenge in modern foreign policy stems from the diculty governments face from organized non-state groups who might pose a threat of global terrorism. We show that factions within non-state groups, both moderate and extremist, have an incentive to strategically misrepresent their real intentions. First, extremist factions wish to appear moderate, and will attempt to exploit the politician’s uncertainty regarding the true ideological composition of the group to conduct terrorist activities unencumbered. Second, moderates will strategically seek to conform to perceptions of what constitutes a terrorist group to quell internal disagreement using the threat of intervention that would be triggered by signs of weakness and internal division inside the group. We also address the use of the use of commited strategies that are less responsive to strategic manipulation from factions within non-state groups, and show that reluctance for military intervention is a strategic advantage for politicians designing counterterrorism.
Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and survival in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Because immune responses within the tumor microenvironment may be important predictors of tumor biology, correlations of specific types of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) with clinical variables and outcomes were determined in 278 previously untreated patients with head and neck cancer (HNSCC). Methods Infiltrating levels of CD4 (helper T cells), CD8 (cytotoxic/suppressor T cells), FoxP3, regulatory T cells), CD68 (myeloid derived suppressor cells) and CD1a (Langerhan) cells were retrospectively measured by immunohistology in tissue mircoarrays. Cox models tested associations with patient outcomes after adjusting for all known prognostic factors. Median follow up was 36.6 months.
Strategic scheduling of residential energy consumers

We propose the strategic scheduling problem of an energy utility that administers a large residential population and may ask individual consumers to curtail part of their HVAC usage profile up to a certain effort budget, in such a way that the aggregate reductions follow a desired day-ahead goal profile. Each consumer is described by a forecast of their thermal response profile computed using a statistical model that decomposes smart meter data into a thermally-sensitive component and an intentional usage component. We propose an algorithm for computing individually-tailored optimal action schedules (e.g., automated Demand-Response control or marketing calls) for thermal energy consumption for a large sample of consumers that is based on solving a convex program. Then, we describe an approximate version of the original scheduling problem that is both interpretable and faster to compute. For this, we recast strategic scheduling as a discrete, set selection problem in which the operator is constrained by what effort structures it can request from the consumers. We propose an efficient algorithm for selecting optimal sets of consumers based on optimizing non-monotone submodular functions.
Striped ratio grids for scatter estimation

Striped ratio grids are a new concept for scatter management in cone-beam CT. These grids are a modification of conventional anti-scatter grids and consist of stripes which alternate between high grid ratio and low grid ratio. Such a grid is related to existing hardware concepts for scatter estimation such as blocker-based methods or primary modulation, but rather than modulating the primary, the striped ratio grid modulates the scatter. The transitions between adjacent stripes can be used to estimate and subtract the remaining scatter. However, these transitions could be contaminated by variation in the primary radiation. We describe a simple nonlinear image processing algorithm to estimate scatter, and proceed to validate the striped ratio grid on experimental data of a pelvic phantom. The striped ratio grid is emulated by combining data from two scans with different grids. Preliminary results are encouraging and show a significant reduction of scatter artifact.
Investigation of supersonic combustion of hydrocarbon fuel-riched hot gas in scramjet combustor

Due to the important of supersonic combustion of hydrocarbon fuel (such as kerosene) for hypersonic propulsion, in a supersonic air stream has been investigated the combustion of hydrocarbon fuel-riched hot gas jet. To avoid ignition problem of hydrocarbon fuel (kerosene) in supersonic air stream, the hydrocarbon. fuel has been burned partially in the subsonic combustion burner. Also, to avoid interference from the boundary layer and to understand the basic flow characteristic, the hydrocarbon fuelriched hot gas flows were ‘injected in parallel to the fi-ee’stream through a large 2dimensional nozzle. Such a reliable method for ignition and stable flame has been ‘proven at the lower air total temperature range, 880 K , 4, it is possible to leave the flow supersonic in order to avoid great pressure losses, and it becomes more better about flight M > 6, approximately. Only weak oblique shocks occur in the hypersonic inlet, but the main problem, which is supersonic combustion, then arise. In the supersonic combustion burner the residence time of the gases becomes so short, that the equilibrium of supersonic combustion can no Ion P er be assumed.
After the industry turn: can production studies make an audience turn?

The still-nascent field of production studies has been largely imagined as a means of understanding media industries. As the vanguard of the ‘“Industry Studies” turn’ (Caldwell 2013) and the call f...
Effects of desethylamiodarone on thyroid hormone metabolism in rats: comparison with the effects of amiodarone

Desethylamiodarone is the principal metabolite of amiodarone. Amiodarone is a class III antiarrhythmic agent, which acts by lengthening repolarization in the myocardium, an effect that is identical to that produced by hypothyroidism. Amiodarone is known to alter thyroid hormone metabolism, and it has been suggested that the mechanism underlying its antiarrhythmic action is the induction of a myocardial but not generalized hypothyroidism. Since the serum levels of desethylamiodarone reach those of the parent compound during chronic amiodarone therapy, it has been suggested that at least part of amiodarone's pharmacological effects may be attributable to the additive effects of the metabolite. Therefore, we investigated the effects of desethylamiodarone on thyroid hormone metabolism and compared them with those of amiodarone in rats. We have shown that chronic treatment with desethylamiodarone decreased serum T3, markedly increased serum reverse T3 with no significant change in serum T4. These effects are similar to those of amiodarone. The data suggest that the chronic effects of amiodarone on thyroid hormone metabolism may be due at least in part to the actions of desethylamiodarone.
Maximizing the Stability of Pyrolysis Oil/Diesel Fuel Emulsions

Several emulsions consisting of biomass pyrolysis oil (bio-oil) in diesel fuel were produced and analyzed for stability over time. An ultrasonic probe was used to generate microscopic droplets of bio-oil suspended in diesel fuel, and this emulsion was stabilized using surfactant chemicals. The most stable emulsion was produced using a polyethylene glycol dipolyhydroxystearate (PEG-DPHS) surfactant, with a hydrophilic–lipophilic balance (HLB) number of 4.75 and a 32:8:1 ratio of diesel to bio-oil to surfactant, i.e., 20% utilization of bio-oil. This emulsion consisted of uniformly sized droplets with an average diameter of 0.48 μm, with no observed coalescence of droplets after 1 week. If left undisturbed, these droplets would slowly settle to the bottom of the mixture at a rate of only 2.4 mm/day, but this settling can be eliminated with slight mechanical agitation. This level of stability facilitates utilization of 20 wt % raw bio-oil in diesel as a renewable liquid fuel for spray combustion without the ...
Ethylene-propylene elastomers for wire and cable applications

A new type of polymer, composed of ethylene and propylene monomeric units, has recently entered the industrial rubber field. Due to the saturated nature of the polymer chain, this new rubber, ethylene-propylene rubber, exhibits good electrical properties and excellent resistance to heat, weathering, corona and ozone. These properties, plus its flexibility and low cost (26–30¢/lb), have made it particularly attractive to the wire and cable industry.
Establishment of theory of water right of international rivers

The issue on the water right of international rivers has long been ignored, and there are few academic researches. The establishment of a profound theory of water right of international rivers is the key to solve international water conflicts. The water right of international rivers should be defined as the net ownership of the water discharge after deduction of ecological water requirement. The establishment of legal relations of reciprocity rights and obligations among basin States based on the water right is an academic innovation, and it is also an important approach for the maintenance of China's national interests.
Failure Analysis on Fall-off of Silvered Film of GIS Insulation Basin Conductor

By methods of scanning electron microscope and energy spectrum analysis,this paper analyzes bubbling and fall-off of silvered film of aluminium alloy conductor.The result shows the fall-off position is between the primary structure and the silvered film while not the transition copper and the silvered film.Meanwhile,there are oxides such as Al on the combining surface and it considers the main reasons for failure of this silvered film are improper disposal craft before plating and environmental factors and it proposes relevant suggestions and treating methods.
The Pharmacist’s Involvement. Partnership for Health

Abstract The subject of comprehensive health planning carries a high degree of urgency. Many forces in our society have converged to produce a rapidly increasing demand for top-quality health services. The population is growing. Its age composition is changing, with larger proportions in the age groups needing the most care per capita-the very young and the very old. It is a population better educated to the rapid advancement of medical innovations and benefits that were undreamed of a generation ago. Medical scientists tell us that even more dramatic developments are on the threshold. Although economic barriers remain, the population as a whole is better able financially than ever before to translate health needs into effective consumer demands. Americans have made it abundantly clear that they want more and better health service and they are willing to devote more and more of the nation's income to this purpose. They have decided that an affluent society whose gross national product is moving upward at the rate of $50 billion a year does not have to settle for less than the best. The American public has, at long last, rejected the notion that the opportunity for health is a privilege. Access to good health care, like access to education, has been accepted as a right for everybody.
Variational Principles, Lagrangians, Field Equations and Conservation Laws

In this chapter we present a self-contained exposition of the fundamentals of the classical field theory. In particular, we introduce the canonical energy-momentum tensor based on Noether’s theorem and the symmetric energy-momentum tensor based on Belinfante–Rosenfeld approach. We derive corresponding conservation laws.
Comparison of Pb, PbSb, PbV, PMo and PbW substituted BiSrCaCuO

Abstract Nominal samples Bi 1.7 Pb 0.2 M 0.1 Sr 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O x and Bi 1.3 Pb 0.5 M 0.2 Sr 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O x , where M  Pb Sb, V, Mo and W, were synthesized and investigated by resistance, AC susceptibility, and powder X-ray diffraction measurements. The morphology of some samples was also studied using scanning electron microscope. The results show that in all the Bi 1.7 Pb 0.2 M 0.1 Sr 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O x , samples, the 2223 phase is increased; in the B 1.3 Pb 0.5 M 0.2 Sr 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O x samples, Ph, PbV, or PbMo substituted can greatly enhance the 2223 phase, but PbSb or PbW substitution causes degeneration in superconductivity. The substitute(s) is believed to be incorporated into the crystalline structure, rather than simply acting as a flux in growth of the high- T c phase.
Deep Knowledge: A Strategy for University Budgetary Cuts.

During and after the Financial Crisis of 2008, many institutions of higher learning have had revenue and budgetary reductions, forcing them to make severe university budget cuts and university reductions in force. Often the university cuts are preceded by a process of evaluation of academic programs where institutions determine what they stand for and value. One option, when forced to downsize, is to use a business model, such as Sullivan (2004) explains, where high-value, low-cost programs are kept and low-value, high-cost programs are cut. However, a business model of education does not reflect the true social value of education or the importance of arts, sciences and humanities, where students learn how to struggle with, write about and understand the world. John Henry Cardinal Newman’s (1852) treatise, The Idea of a University, suggests an alternative strategy of cost cutting that has to do with deep knowledge, i.e. keep the oldest programs in existence on a given university. Using the deep knowledge concept, a university will cut young (junior programs) first and retain old (senior) programs until the very last, rather than deciding cuts based on a business model. The deep knowledge concept emphasizes a Socratic ideal where professors and students wrestle over concepts, such as the meaning of “beauty.”
Nuclear quadrupolar relaxation in liquid 69 Ga

Recently, two questions raised by Sholl for the calculation of the nuclear quadrupolar relaxation rate in one of our previous publications regarding the magnitude and sign of the three-particle integral ${I}_{2}$ have been answered. It is found that the original printing error in Sholl's analytic expression which was recently pointed out by Sholl himself, and our mistake in performing this three-particle integration were the source of disagreement. The first error gave the higher magnitude and the second one the wrong sign for ${I}_{2}$. The corrected results for the quadrupolar relaxation rate are presented in this paper.
Whole Genome Amplification and Reduced-Representation Genome Sequencing of Schistosoma japonicum Miracidia.

Background In areas where schistosomiasis control programs have been implemented, morbidity and prevalence have been greatly reduced. However, to sustain these reductions and move towards interruption of transmission, new tools for disease surveillance are needed. Genomic methods have the potential to help trace the sources of new infections, and allow us to monitor drug resistance. Large-scale genotyping efforts for schistosome species have been hindered by cost, limited numbers of established target loci, and the small amount of DNA obtained from miracidia, the life stage most readily acquired from humans. Here, we present a method using next generation sequencing to provide high-resolution genomic data from S. japonicum for population-based studies. Methodology/Principal Findings We applied whole genome amplification followed by double digest restriction site associated DNA sequencing (ddRADseq) to individual S. japonicum miracidia preserved on Whatman FTA cards. We found that we could effectively and consistently survey hundreds of thousands of variants from 10,000 to 30,000 loci from archived miracidia as old as six years. An analysis of variation from eight miracidia obtained from three hosts in two villages in Sichuan showed clear population structuring by village and host even within this limited sample. Conclusions/Significance This high-resolution sequencing approach yields three orders of magnitude more information than microsatellite genotyping methods that have been employed over the last decade, creating the potential to answer detailed questions about the sources of human infections and to monitor drug resistance. Costs per sample range from $50-$200, depending on the amount of sequence information desired, and we expect these costs can be reduced further given continued reductions in sequencing costs, improvement of protocols, and parallelization. This approach provides new promise for using modern genome-scale sampling to S. japonicum surveillance, and could be applied to other schistosome species and other parasitic helminthes.
Challenging assumptions from emotion dysregulation psychological treatments.

Absract Background Contemporary treatments assume that the inability to downregulate negative emotional arousal is a key problem in the development and maintenance of psychopathology and that lack of effective regulation efforts and a preference to use maladaptive regulation strategies is a primary mechanism. Though ubiquitous, there is limited empirical evidence to support this assumption. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to examine whether self-reported emotion dysregulation equated to difficulties reducing emotional arousal during a behavioral task and to primary use of maladaptive strategies to manage negative emotions. Methods 44 anxious and depressed adults with high emotion dysregulation induced negative distress using autobiographic memory recall. After induction, participants were instructed to downregulate but were not provided any specific instructions in strategies to use. Self-reported emotional arousal was assessed before and after induction and after regulation. Qualitative descriptions of regulation efforts were collected and codedinto effective and maladaptive strategies. Results The task was successful in inducing emotional arousal and participants were successful in their efforts to down regulate negative emotions. Additionally, effective regulation strategies were used more frequently than maladaptive strategies. Limitations Data collected was exclusively self-report and the sample size was small. Conclusion Adults who report high emotion dysregulation may still have effective emotion regulation strategies in their behavioral repertoire and are more likely to engage in these effective strategies when given an unspecific prompt to regulate negative emotional arousal. Despite reporting problems with emotion regulation, adults with anxiety and depression can successfully downregulate distress when prompted to do so.
Cytokine Regulation in Major Depression

Two decades have now elapsed since the first reports of immune abnormalities in patients with major depression have been published (1, 2, 3, 4). While these early reports were generally well received, there was a good deal of skepticism regarding their clinical significance (5). With the very rapid growth of research in the field of psychoneuroimmunology that followed (6) new meaning and new insights have been added to the neuroimmunology of affective disorders. More specifically, the explosion in cytokine research over the last decade or so and the role these cytokines may play in various neurochemical, neuroendocrine and behavioral phenomena have offered new possibilities for a role for cytokines in major depression. This review will first examine the evidence for immune dysregulation in major depression in general, and will then focus on cytokine dysregulation in particular. A critical review of the "cytokine hypothesis" of major depression will then follow.
Candida parapsilosis Candidemia Resistance Patterns and Treatment Outcomes: an Opportunity for Antifungal Stewardship

AbstractBackground Candida parapsilosis has emerged as an important fungal pathogen with mortality rates up to 30%. Recent studies show no difference in treatment outcomes for patients treated both empirically and definitively with either echinocandins or fluconazole. However, the impact of antifungal susceptibility testing and opportunities for antifungal stewardship are less clear in this patient population. The purpose of this study was to assess antifungal susceptibility rates, treatment patterns, and outcomes among patients with C. parapsilosis candidemia.Methods This was a single-center, retrospective cohort review of adult patients with a positive blood culture for C. parapsilosis hospitalized at Baylor St. Luke’s Medical Center, between 2006 and 2016. Patients with mixed or breakthrough candidemia were excluded as well as patients who expired within 3 days of candidemia onset.ResultsEighty patients with C. parapsilosis candidemia were identified of which 48 met inclusion criteria. Nine patients had infections caused by fluconazole non-susceptible isolates (19%). The most common empiric treatment choice was an echinocandin (33/48, 69%), followed by fluconazole (9/48, 19%), and combination therapy (6/48, 13%). Of the 39 patients with fluconazole susceptible isolates, only 17 were treated with fluconazole definitively (44%). Among patients who received empiric echinocandin vs. fluconazole therapy, there was no difference in 14-day mortality (9% vs. 11%, P = 1.00) or in-hospital mortality (12% vs. 11%, P = 1.00). Empiric combination therapy was the only independent risk factor for treatment failure (OR, 13.8; 95% CI, 1.4–138.3; P = 0.03).Conclusion Treatment outcomes for patients receiving echinocandins were similar for those receiving fluconazole. At our institution, the increased incidence of fluconazole non-susceptible isolates warrants the use of echinocandins empirically. Patients were more likely to remain on echinocandin therapy even when fluconazole susceptible isolates were identified. This study reinforces the guideline suggestion that neither echinocandins nor fluconazole treatment leads to superior outcomes, but also identifies a cohort of patients in need of antifungal stewardship.Disclosures N. Beyda, Astellas: Grant Investigator and Scientific Advisor, Research grant
Regorafenib in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): considerations for treatment.

We report our institutional observations of ten patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (seven and three were Child–Pugh class A and B, respectively) who received compassionate regorafenib therapy between June 2016 and January 2017. These patients did not fit the rigid criteria of a clinical trial and represented the use of regorafenib in an everyday clinic situation. Regorafenib (160 mg P.O. daily) was administered to patients on a 4-week cycle (3 weeks on, 1 week off) until disease progression (assessed using mRECIST criteria) or discontinuation secondary to toxicity (assessed using CTCAE criteria). Relevant clinical data were abstracted from patient medical records and reviewed retrospectively. The median duration of patient treatment was 6.6 weeks, and the median time to disease progression was 12.5 weeks. Most common treatment emergent adverse events were fatigue, diarrhea, and hand–foot skin reaction. Elevated AST and ALT were the most commonly observed laboratory-assessed adverse events, which reached grade 3 status in the Child–Pugh class B patients only. We observed intolerance to regorafenib treatment in one patient who had previously received a liver transplant. We also saw lithium toxicity in one patient receiving long-term lithium treatment, suggesting a potential and unexpected drug–drug interaction with regorafenib. Taken together, our observations indicate that regorafenib is beneficial in the treatment of patients with advanced HCC who progressed on or demonstrated intolerance to sorafenib therapy; however, careful selection and close monitoring of patients is necessary to maximize the benefit while minimizing the toxicities of regorafenib treatment.
Quantitative structure activity relationships of catechol derivatives on nerve growth factor secretion in L-M cells.

Purpose. Although many catechol derivatives are potent stimulators of Nerve Growth Factor synthesis in L-M cells, not much is known about their mechanism of action. In order to obtain a Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship (QSAR), AM1 quantum mechanical calculations were performed on a group of 23 catechol derivatives with different levels of activity. Methods. A set of 18 parameters/ descriptors were obtained by AM1 quantum mechanical calculations for each catechol derivative. Linear combinations of the calculated descriptors were fitted to the activity (as extracted from literature data) of the compounds by using simple or multiple regression analysis. Results. Good correlation with activity was obtained for specific parameters such as the adiabatic ionization potential and other ‘oxidation’-related descriptors of the molecules while poor correlation was observed for most of the other parameters as, for example, for log P. Conclusions. Our results show that activity is associated with parameters related to the oxidation of the catechol derivatives, strongly supporting recent literature suggesting that an oxidative process is involved in their action.
The Effects of Autoscaling in Cloud Computing

Web-based firms often rely on cloud-based computational resources to serve customers, but the number of customers they will serve is rarely known at the time of product launch. A recent innovation in cloud computing, known as autoscaling, allows companies to automatically scale their computational load up or down to match customer demand. We build a game theory model to examine how autoscaling will affect firms’ decisions to enter a new market and the resulting equilibrium prices, profitability, and consumer surplus. The model produces novel results depending on the likelihood of a firm’s success in the new market, differentiation among potential entrants, and the cost of computational capacity. For instance, in contrast to previous capacity commitment models with demand certainty, we show that autoscaling can mitigate price competition if the likelihood of a firm’s success in the market is moderate and the cost of capacity is sufficiently low. This is because without autoscaling, the firms’ uncertainty a...
Obesity is not associated with an increased risk of portal vein thrombosis in cirrhotic patients.

Aim: To determine the impact of obesity on development of portal vein thrombosis in cirrhotic patients. Background: Cirrhosis is a known risk factor for portal vein thrombosis (PVT). Evidence also points to obesity as being a risk factor for venous thromboembolism. Limited information is available on how obesity impacts the development of PVT in cirrhotic patients. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study using the 2013 National Inpatient Sample. Patients older than 18 years with an ICD-9 CM code for any diagnosis of liver cirrhosis were included. There was no exclusion criteria. The primary outcome was the impact of obesity on development of PVT. Obesity was also sub-classified according to body-mass index (BMI). Secondary outcomes were inhospital mortality, ICU admission, shock, TPN use, and resource utilization. Odds ratios (OR) and means were adjusted for age, gender, and ethnicity. Results: We included 69,934 obese cirrhotics of which, 1,125 developed PVT (mean age 59 years, 35% female). Overall in-hospital mortality rates were 9% (11% with PVT vs 5% without PVT). On multivariate analysis, obesity was not associated with a significantly different adjusted OR for development of PVT compared to non-obese. When stratifying by obesity subtype, class 1 obesity was associated with increased odds of PVT (OR: 1.45, 95%CI: 1.06-1.96, p=0.02), while class 3 obesity was associated with a decreased odds of PVT (OR: 0.72, 95%CI: 0.58-0.88, p<0.01) compared to non-obese. Conclusion: Obesity is not associated with increased odds of PVT. Keywords: Obesity, Portal vein thrombosis, Cirrhosis, ICD-9. (Please cite as: Zakko A, Kroner PT, Nankani R, Karagozian R. Obesity is not associated with an increased risk of portal vein thrombosis in cirrhotic patients. Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench 2018;11(2):153-158).
Fourier Series and Applications

As we pointed out earlier with (3.30) and (3.31), a function f(z) analytic in a d containing the unit circle can be expressed on the unit circle by a Fourier series: $$ f\left( {{e^{i\theta }}} \right) = F\left( \theta \right) = \sum\limits_{n = - \infty }^\infty {{a_n}{e^{in\theta }},} $$ (5.1) where the Fourier coefficients a n are given by $$ {a_n} = \frac{1}{{2\pi }}\int_0^{2\pi } {F\left( \theta \right)} {e^{ - in\theta }}d\theta = {{\tilde F}_n}/2\pi . $$ (5.2)
Data Stream Mining Based Dynamic Link Anomaly Analysis Using Paired Sliding Time Window Data

Abstract : Dynamic network analysis for network security is challenging because it is computationally expensive to extract knowledge structures for quantifying the security levels of dynamic networks. There has been an increased interest in dynamic network analysis for network security and it is an emergent scientific field in network science. In this report, we introduce network analytics metrics and sliding time window data structures for data stream mining in order to incorporate link anomaly detection into the dynamic network analysis. The proposed dynamic link anomaly detection framework provides the capability to construct effective knowledge structures by measuring the security levels of dynamic networks, and filtering anomalous or suspicious links from network flow data. In addition, the sliding time window based method produces useful processed stream data for generalized dynamic network analysis.
Mechanisms of twinning. I. Effect of environmental diversity on genetic expression in monozygotic multifetal pregnancies.

Objective To examine, using fingerprint homology, the interaction of genetic and environmental factors in arriving at the final phenotypic expression in uniovular triplets, quadruplets and quintuplets. Study design The fingerprints of several multifetal sets were collected and matched. A total of 250 fingers were printed. A comparison based on the classic dactylographic patterns was made. Zygosity of each set was known from placental chorionicity studies, as well as blood typing and physical similarities. Results As the monozygotic set size increased, the ipsilateral print concordance diminished. At one extreme, with twins there is 88% homology; at the other end, with quintuplets the correspondence is 71%. Conclusion The overall trend of these results paralleled increasing intrauterine environmental diversity and tended to support the volar pad pressure hypothesis of prenatal fingerprint development.
Building Energy Disaggregation using Spatiotemporal Pattern Network

Numerous studies on non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) of electrical demand have been performed for the purpose of identifying load components only using univariate data, such as the identification of a certain type of end-use (e.g., lighting load) via whole building electricity consumption time series. However, additional time series data may become useful in providing distinguishable features for energy disaggregation which can be rendered as a multivariate time series data analysis problem. This paper presents a novel probabilistic graphical modeling approach called the spatiotemporal pattern network (STPN) for addressing such problem of pattern extraction from multivariate time-series data with application to building energy disaggregation. The proposed scheme shows promise in dealing with multivariate time-series with widely different characteristics for the improvement in energy disaggregation performance. We use multiple real data sets to validate the STPN framework along with performance comparison with the state-of-the-art techniques such as factorial hidden Markov models (FHMM) and combinatorial optimization (CO).
Interdisciplinary Relationship Models for Complementary and Integrative Health: Perspectives of Chinese Medicine Practitioners in the United States.

Abstract Objectives: The combination of biomedicine and traditional and complementary medicine (T&CM) is often referred to as integrative medicine. However, the degree to which the medical discipli...
Methemoglobin Forming Effect of Dimethyl Trisulfide in Mice

Dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS) is a natural organic trisulfide that has been patented as a promising antidotal candidate against cyanide (CN). The primary mode of action of DMTS is as a sulfur donor th...
Abstract 106: Predicting Pulmonary Hypertension Readmission Using Machine Learning Models

Objectives: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is increasingly recognized but understudied. We sought to determine predictors of 30-day readmission after PH-related hospitalization using Driverless Artifi...