cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Communication, risk behavior, and perceptions of threat and efficacy: A test of a reciprocal model

Abstract Despite empirical and anecdotal evidence of the growing problem of alcohol use and abuse on college campuses, there is a high level of uncertainty regarding factors contributing to this particularly risky behavior. Past research has argued persuasively for the role individuals’ level of self‐efficacy and perceptions of threat or susceptibility play in decisions to engage (or not engage) in a variety of behaviors (Witte, 1992). However, factors contributing to the development of these perceptions of self‐efficacy and threat have yet to be completely understood. The present investigation argues that it is through our interactions with others, as well as our personal experiences with risky behaviors, that we develop perceptions of threat and efficacy. Recognizing, however, the complex and reciprocal nature of the attitude‐behavior relationship, this paper explores the intricacies of the relationships among communication, threat, efficacy, and behavior. 239 undergraduates at a medium‐sized northeaste...
Dynamic channel equalization for IEEE 802.11p waveforms in the vehicle-to-vehicle channel

The IEEE 802.11p standard (or Dedicated Short Range Communication, DSRC) [1] has been proposed to be the standard for vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications. Since the IEEE 802.11a-based DSRC standard is not fully customized for outdoor, highly mobile channels, the performance of DSRC standard might degrade in a challenging V2V channel. In this paper, we develop several equalization schemes that are able to closely track the V2V channel dynamics and thus improve performance at the physical layer. Through a set of empirical experiments, we show that the performance (in terms of Packet Error Rate) can be significantly improved from 41% (using a simple Least Square Estimator) to 19% (using a Spectral Temporal Averaging Estimator).
Isolation, purification, and full NMR assignments of cyclopamine from Veratrum californicum

The Hedgehog signaling pathway is essential for embryogenesis and for tissue homeostasis in the adult. However, it may induce malignancies in a number of tissues when constitutively activated, and it may also have a role in other forms of normal and maladaptive growth. Cyclopamine, a naturally occurring steroidal alkaloid, specifically inhibits the Hedgehog pathway by binding directly to Smoothened, an important Hedgehog response element. To use cyclopamine as a tool to explore and/or inhibit the Hedgehog pathway in vivo, a substantial quantity is required, and as a practical matter cyclopamine has been effectively unavailable for usage in animals larger than mice. In this paper, we report a rapid and efficient isolation and purification of large quantities of cyclopamine from the roots and rhizomes of Veratrum californicum Dur. (the Corn Lily or Western false hellebore). We also provide unambiguous assignments of the carbon and proton resonances by using the multinuclear spectra and the spin coupling networks. This method could meet a very real need within diverse scientific communities by allowing cyclopamine to become more readily available.
Detecting Inconsistencies in the Gene Ontology Using Ontology Databases with Not-gadgets

We present ontology databases with not-gadgets, a method for detecting inconsistencies in an ontology with large numbers of annotated instances by using triggers and exclusion dependencies in a unique way. What makes this work relevant is the use of the database itself, rather than an external reasoner, to detect logical inconsistencies given large numbers of annotated instances. What distinguishes this work is the use of event-driven triggers together with the introduction of explicit negations. We applied this approach toward the serotonin example, an open problem in biomedical informatics which aims to use annotations to help identify inconsistencies in the Gene Ontology. We discovered 75 inconsistencies that have important implications in biology, which include: (1) methods for refining transfer rules used for inferring electronic annotations, and (2) highlighting possible biological differences across species worth investigating.
Estimation of muscle forces about the wrist joint during isometric tasks using an EMG coefficient method

Abstract A technique for estimating isometric muscle forces based on EMGs and anatomical parameters is presented. In the present study, we record EMGs from five muscles acting at the wrist, during a series of isometric contractions in flexion, extension, ulnar deviation and radial deviation. The method then uses these EMG signals and the necessary anatomical data to estimate individual muscle forces. For one subject, complete anatomical parameters were estimated by MRI reconstruction of muscle moment arms and lines of muscle action. In all subjects, the errors associated with variability in the EMG signals were reduced through the use of signal processing techniques and intensive subject training. These EMG-based force estimates were then validated by evaluations at torque directions in which no mechanical redundancy existed. The stability of the solution space was examined using Monte Carlo simulations. The results of our study show that individual muscle forces at the wrist can be estimated with considerable accuracy, without assuming any control strategy (as is done with optimization theories). However, due to the limited mechanical redundancy of the wrist, it is uncertain whether the method can be used to estimate muscle forces in more highly redudant systems.
The photocycle of bacteriorhodopsin at high pH and ionic strength: I. Effects of pH and buffer on the absorption kinetics

A fitting analysis resolved the kinetics in the microsecond to second time range of the absorption changes in the bacteriorhodopsin photocycle at pH = 8.0-9.5 in 3 M KCl into seven exponential components. The time constants and/or amplitudes of all components are strongly pH-dependent. In the pH range studied, the logarithms of the pH-dependent time constants varied linearly with pH. The maximum absolute value of the corresponding slopes was 0.4, in contrast with the theoretically expected value of 1 for unidirectional reactions coupled directly to proton exchange with the bulk phase. This indicates that the extracted macroscopic rate constants are not identical to the microscopic rate constants for the elementary photocycle reaction steps. Unexpected differences were found in the kinetic parameters in CHES and borate buffers.
Boccaccio: A Critical Guide to the Complete Works

This splendid collection of essays celebrates Giovanni Boccaccio's seven hundredth birthday. Superbly edited, carefully organized, clearly written, and encyclopedic in its coverage of Boccaccio's w...
Retirement Account Options When Beginning a Career

When college graduates begin their careers, they face a number of financial choices and obligations. Their choices typically include one or more retirement account options. The options generally include individual retirement accounts (IRAs) (Roth and/or traditional), 401(k) plans (Roth and/or traditional), and, possibly, 401(k) contributions matched by the employers. In this article, a decision-making hierarchy is provided. The hierarchy ranks all of the retirement account alternatives in order to facilitate choices that are tax efficient and maximize wealth. A simplified version of the ranking is as follows: (1) Roth 401(k) with matching employer contributions; (2) traditional 401(k) with matching employer contributions; (3) Roth IRA; (4) Roth 401(k); and (5) traditional 401(k).
Location-Based Social Networks: Locations

While chapter 8 studies the research philosophy behind a location-based social network (LBSN) from the point of view of users, this chapter gradually explores the research into LBSNs from the perspective of locations. A series of research topics are presented, with respect to mining the collective social knowledge from many users' GPS trajectories to facilitate travel. On the one hand, the generic travel recommendations provide a user with the most interesting locations, travel sequences, and travel experts in a region, as well as an effective itinerary conditioned by a user's starting location and an available time length. On the other hand, the personalized travel recommendations find the locations matching an individual's interests, which can be learned from the individual's historical data.
Using the Thematic Apperception Test to assess interpersonal decentering in violent relationships.

Abstract. Interpersonal decentering or role-taking, the ability to see the world from another person’s perspective, normally develops in childhood, but the degree to which a mature adult routinely uses this capacity for a theory of mind, or mentalization, can be considered a personality disposition that facilitates good social relationships. Use of decentering processes may also vary according to the social roles of the people who are interacting in the situation and the activity that engages them. The Interpersonal Decentering scoring system for thematic apperceptive techniques was developed to assess the maturity level of decentering using an implicit assessment method. Violence perpetrators need not decenter if they can control others by threats; domestic violence survivors may rely on decentering to understand, anticipate, and try to control their partner’s violent episodes. This exploratory archival study of 61 assessment clients found that domestic violence survivors and those with no obvious interp...
Pole Extrapolation of the Reactions π − p → π − π + n and π + p → π + π − Δ + + ( 1238 )

Experimental differential cross sections from data on the reactions ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}n$ and ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\Delta}}^{++}(1238)$ have been extrapolated to the one-pion-exchange pole to obtain the ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ elastic scattering cross section from threshold to 1.4 GeV. Consistent results are obtained in three c.m. energy ranges for both reactions. The data have been fitted to several $t$-dependent extrapolation functions, and the results of the fits are tabulated and plotted as a function of ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ effective mass. In particular, we find cross sections of approximately 25 and 125 mb, respectively, at the $K$ and central ${\ensuremath{\rho}}^{0}(765)$ mass positions.
POLITICAL DETERMINANTS OF PHILANTHROPIC FUNDING FOR URBAN SCHOOLS

K-12 education philanthropy has grown rapidly since 2000, with major funders like the Gates and Walton foundations expanding their grant portfolios. We examine whether and to what degree place-based characteristics help explain funding for local school districts. Using an original database of grants from the 15 largest K-12 education foundations to the largest school districts in 2000, 2005, and 2010, we present three main findings. First, the set of districts receiving the most funds varies over time. Second, foundations tended to give to sites with capacity for reform in 2000; yet by 2010, funders increasingly targeted places embracing philanthropic priorities, including charter schools and Teach for America. Finally, major foundations increasingly gave grants to same districts as other major funders—producing a convergent pattern of funding. These rapid and dramatic changes introduce questions about how foundations and districts interact and whether these funds will produce sustained reforms.
Cellular morphology of BRAF V600E-positive Langerhans cell histiocytosis.

![Figure][1] A 4-year-old boy presented with 3 weeks of right-sided knee pain and difficulty walking. On examination, a decrease in right hip abduction was noted without erythema, swelling, fluctuance, or warmth of the right hip or knee. Radiographic studies demonstrated a 4-cm poorly
Machine Perfusion of Porcine Livers with Oxygen-Carrying Solution Results in Reprogramming of Dynamic Inflammation Networks.

Background: Ex vivo machine perfusion (MP) can better preserve organs for transplantation. We have recently reported on the first application of a MP protocol in which liver allografts were fully oxygenated, under dual pressures and subnormothermic conditions, with a new hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier solution specifically developed for ex vivo utilization. In those studies, MP improved organ function post-operatively and reduced inflammation in porcine livers. Herein, we sought to refine our knowledge regarding the impact of MP by defining dynamic networks of inflammation in both tissue and perfusate. Methods: Porcine liver allografts were preserved either with MP (n = 6) or with cold static preservation (CSP; n = 6), then transplanted orthotopically after 9 h of preservation. Fourteen inflammatory mediators were measured in both tissue and perfusate during liver preservation at multiple time points, and analyzed using Dynamic Bayesian Network (DyBN) inference to define feedback interactions, as well as Dynamic Network Analysis (DyNA) to define the time-dependent development of inflammation networks. Results: Network analyses of tissue and perfusate suggested an NLRP3 inflammasome-regulated response in both treatment groups, driven by the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-18 and the anti-inflammatory mediator IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA). Both DyBN and DyNA suggested a reduced role of IL-18 and increased role of IL-1RA with MP, along with increased liver damage with CSP. DyNA also suggested divergent progression of responses over the 9 h preservation time, with CSP leading to a stable pattern of IL-18-induced liver damage and MP leading to a resolution of the pro-inflammatory response. These results were consistent with prior clinical, biochemical, and histological findings after liver transplantation. Conclusion: Our results suggest that analysis of dynamic inflammation networks in the setting of liver preservation may identify novel diagnostic and therapeutic modalities.
A neuro-cognitive defense of the unified self

The topic of the self remains one of considerable controversy, and many arguments have been put forth suggesting the intuitive concept of self must be in some way mistaken - in part based on results in the cognitive and neural sciences. In this article I offer the alternative positive proposal that "the self" may indeed refer to a physical/computational system within the brain. To do this, I draw on empirical work regarding the neural basis of consciousness and decision-making, and on philosophical work regarding ecological control, unified group perspectives, and functional/mechanistic explanation. The work I review jointly supports the conclusion that a "core-circuit" of interacting cortical regions - the global workspace network - can be understood as a unified system for consciously perceiving and deciding, and thus fulfills many of the roles intuitively assigned to the self. I conclude that this self-concept need not be mistaken given current empirical knowledge.
Animal pelt caps and Mississippian ritual sodalities

Archaeologists have become increasingly interested in ancient belief systems and it is recognized that the material remains of past societies may effectively aid in constructing informed interpreta...
A decision support system for real-time and dynamic scheduling of multiple patient classifications in ambulatory care services

We propose a methodology to provide real-time assistance for outpatient scheduling, involving multiple patient types. Schedulers are shown how each prospective placement would impact the day's operational performance for patients and providers. Rooted in prior literature and analytical findings, the information provided to schedulers about vacant slots is based on the probabilities that the calling patient, the already-existing appointments, and the session-end time will be unduly delayed. The information is dynamically updated after every new booking; calculations are driven by historical consultation times and no-show data, and a simulation tool that implements the underlying analytical methodology. Our findings lead to practical guidelines for constructing templates that provide allowances for different service time lengths and variability, no-show rates, and provider-driven performance targets for patient delays and providers' overtime. Extensions to OR scheduling are viable as avoiding session overtime and procedures' completion time delays involve similar considerations.
Time-Domain Method Having a Naturally Diagonal Mass Matrix Independent of Element Shape for General Electromagnetic Analysis—2-D Formulations

In this paper, we present a new time-domain method that has a naturally diagonal mass matrix and thereby a strict linear computational complexity per time step, regardless of whether the discretization is a structured grid or an unstructured mesh. This property is obtained independent of the element shape used for discretization. No interpolations, projections, and mass lumping are required. The accuracy and stability of the proposed method are both theoretically guaranteed. In addition, no dual mesh is needed and the tangential continuity of the fields is satisfied across the element interface. The flexible framework of the proposed method also allows for a straightforward extension to higher order accuracy in both electric and magnetic fields. Numerical experiments have been conducted on a variety of unstructured triangular-element meshes. Correlations with analytical solutions and the time-domain finite-element method have validated the accuracy and generality of the proposed new time-domain method.
Pavement Friction Degradation Based on Pennsylvania Field Test Data

Pavement surface–tire friction is a critical safety element associated with roadway design, construction, and maintenance practices. The skid resistance of pavements generally declines over time and increases the risk of skidding-related crashes. On horizontal curves, lateral friction may be associated with lane-departure incidents, particularly as the pavement ages and drivers demand more lateral friction than the pavement surface–tire interaction can supply. On tangent roadway sections, longitudinal friction affects braking distances. As the skid-resistance properties of a pavement surface decline over time, braking distances increase, and may increase risks to driver safety. A comprehensive understanding of the process of pavement friction degradation could help highway agencies identify roadway segments that need maintenance to reduce the probability of skid-related incidents. This paper presents a survival analysis of friction degradation for asphalt pavement surfaces. Duration models were estimated ...
A Wor(l)d Apart: Understanding Cultural Differences in an International Student Graduate Writing Workshop

This paper introduces and describes a mixed methods research project conducted with international doctoral students from Non-Western countries that explored students and faculty members’ experiences in a writing workshop. In this Perspectives piece, we offer insight into our journey of fostering relationships with our students and improving our teaching practice through a renewed awareness of culture’s role in education. The findings suggest that despite struggles related to differing academic backgrounds, the workshop provided opportunities for faculty and students to build relationships and expand their understandings of cultural differences.
Wear and Osteolysis of Polyethylene Bearings

Osteolysis and aseptic component loosening have been recognized as common mechanisms for late total hip arthroplasty failure. Particulate wear debris from the arthroplasty-bearing surface initiates a process of macrophage-induced, osteoclast-mediated bone resorption around implants. Radiographic patterns of osteolysis differ around cemented and cementless implants based on the patterns of particle access through the effective joint space, and influence the approaches taken during revision surgery. Revision surgery will address the failed bearing surface to decrease the generation of particular debris. The approach to component revision surgery is based on osteolysis lesion size, arthroplasty component stability, locking mechanism integrity, structural bone availability for biologic fixation of revised components, and patient’s health status. This chapter reviews the current knowledge of osteolysis and presents approaches for both conservative and surgical treatment.
Increasing incidence of All-Terrain Vehicle trauma admissions in the pediatric and adult populations: An evaluation of injury types and severity.

Abstract Objectives All Terrain Vehicles (ATVs) are increasing in popularity and becoming larger and faster at a production level. As a Level I Trauma Center, we perceived a disproportionately high volume of ATV-related admissions. Our goal was to study injury patterns and severity in adult and pediatric populations. Methods All ATV-related trauma admissions at a single Level I trauma center were retrospectively analyzed over a seven-year period. Results On-road incidents were more likely to result in a higher average Injury Severity Score (ISS) (p Conclusion ATV-related injuries vary depending on incident characteristics and patient populations. On-road use incurs a significant increase in injury severity. The pediatric population is significantly more likely to incur a severe injury and the presenting injury pattern differs from the adult population. Knowledge of population and presentation trends can help direct trauma care providers in the care and management of injured ATV riders.
Pre-admission proteinuria impacts risk of non-recovery after dialysis-requiring acute kidney injury.

Renal recovery after dialysis-requiring acute kidney injury (AKI-D) is an important clinical and patient-centered outcome. Here we examined whether the pre-admission proteinuria level independently influences risk for non-recovery after AKI-D in a community-based population. All adult members of Kaiser Permanente Northern California who experienced AKI-D between January 1, 2009 and September 30, 2015 were included. Pre-admission proteinuria levels were determined by dipstick up to four years before the AKI-D hospitalization and the outcome was renal recovery (survival and dialysis-independence four weeks and more) at 90 days after initiation of renal replacement therapy. We used multivariable logistic regression to adjust for baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), age, sex, ethnicity, short-term predicted risk of death, comorbidities, and medication use. Among 5,347 adults with AKI-D, the mean age was 66 years, 59% were men, and 50% were white. Compared with negative/trace proteinuria, the adjusted odds ratios for non-recovery (continued dialysis-dependence or death) were 1.47 (95% confidence interval 1.19–1.82) for 1+ proteinuria and 1.92 (1.54–2.38) for 2+ or more proteinuria. Among survivors, the crude probability of recovery ranged from 83% for negative/trace proteinuria with baseline eGFR over 60 mL/min/1.73m 2 to 25% for 2+ or more proteinuria with eGFR 15–29 mL/min/1.73m 2 . Thus, the pre-AKI-D level of proteinuria is a graded, independent risk factor for non-recovery and helps to improve short-term risk stratification for patients with AKI-D.
Culture and Communication: An Introduction

James M. Wilce's new textbook introduces students to the study of language as a tool in anthropology. Solidly positioned in linguistic anthropology, it is the first textbook to combine clear explanations of language and linguistic structure with current anthropological theory. It features a range of study aids, including chapter summaries, learning objectives, figures, exercises, key terms and suggestions for further reading, to guide student understanding. The complete glossary includes both anthropological and linguist terminology. An Appendix features material on phonetics and phonetic representation. Accompanying online resources include a test bank with answers, useful links, an instructor's manual, and a sign language case study. Covering an extensive range of topics not found in existing textbooks, including semiotics and the evolution of animal and human communication, this book is an essential resource for introductory courses on language and culture, communication and culture, and linguistic anthropology.
Rigid Bodies and Reference Frames

The ability to simultaneously work in multiple reference frames greatly simplifies kinematic and dynamic analyses in three dimensions. In this chapter, the reader is introduced to direction cosines, which provide the key to analyzing models with multiple degrees of freedom.
Evolution of Auditory Sensitivity Among Strepsirhine Primates

Hearing is a crucial element of primate behavior and ecology. Beginning in 1969, traditional behavioral testing methods produced comparable audiograms for five strepsirhine taxa. Variation in this relatively small data set can be explained in part by head size, but relationships with social behavior and ecology have been elusive. Recently, with the use of auditory brainstem response (ABR) methods, standardized audiograms have been published for eleven strepsirhine species. Within this data set, social complexity explains a significant amount of the variation in auditory sensitivity, possibly because sociality favored an enhanced ability to detect conspecific vocalizations such as high frequency alarm calls. These findings shed light on the comparative biology of primate hearing and enable a reconstruction of the ancestral strepsirhine audiogram.
Die Standard- und flexible Plankostenrechnung an einem Beispiel

Die Ring-Mobelfabrik erzeugt zwei verschiedene Stuhlmodelle: Modell E 101, brauner Eichenstuhl, und Modell E 102, brauner Eichenstuhl. Die ganze Erzeugung geht auf Lager. Alle Verkaufe werden aus den Lagerbestanden getatigt. Auf Grund der fruheren Verkaufe und Absatzvorschatzungen erzeugt die RingFabrik soviel Stuhle beider Modelle, das zu jeder Zeit ein ausreichendes Lager vorhanden ist und Verkaufsauftrage sofort durchgefuhrt werden konnen. Das Unternehmen schatzt, das eine Erzeugung von monatlich 1000 Stuhlen im laufenden Jahr ausreicht, um alle erwarteten Auftrage zu erfullen. Die Erzeugung beider Modelle soll in gleichen Mengen stattfinden.
Pediatric aspects of nuclear medicine.

The development of new radiopharmaceuticals and the availability of the gamma scintillation camera and computerized analysis have made possible pediatric application of nuclear medical techniques in a number of body systems. Pediatric applications require special techniques and individually tailored studies.
Anti-Adhesion Molecule Monoclonal Antibodies

Leucocytes appear to potentiate stroke injury by clogging the microcirculation and infiltrating into the brain where they release free radicals and other substances that are toxic to neurons. Through the use of specific monoclonal antibodies directed against leucocyte adhesion receptors, both the microcirculation obstruction and the leucocyte infiltration can be decreased. Experimental studies have found reduced stroke damage through the use of antibodies that bind to either the CD18 leucocyte adhesion receptor or the corresponding endothelial cell receptor, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). These studies have shown the most benefit when anti-adhesion monoclonal antibodies are used in experimental models in which reperfusion follows an initial period of ischaemia. Based on these encouraging experimental results, a clinical trial using an anti—ICAM-1 adhesion agent has just been completed, with final results expected soon.
The effect of changing juvenile nutritional conditions and compensatory growth on life history traits in a field cricket, Gryllus texensis

An organism’s juvenile environment can have significant effects on its adult phenotype. If an animal grows up in a resource-poor environment, but the conditions improve, the organism can compensate for its reduced development. Although compensation is beneficial, a fast growth rate can be costly. To test for evidence of compensatory growth and its costs in Gyllus texensis crickets, I raised crickets on either a goodor poor-quality diet, switched their diets half way through their juvenile period, and compared growth rates after the switch. Upon their eclosion, I tested for effects of diet treatment and sex on time required to eclose, body mass, body size, and body condition. Once the crickets died, I measured their reproductive investment to determine any costs associated with changing juvenile nutritional conditions. Even though I did not find any evidence of compensatory growth in my experimental crickets, diet treatment did have an effect on adult life history traits and reproductive investment. Crickets on the PG diet treatment took significantly longer to eclose than GG crickets, and were lighter, smaller and in poorer body condition than GG crickets. Despite negative effects of an improving juvenile diet on adult life history traits, there was no effect of diet on male reproductive investment. In females, PG crickets had significantly larger ovaries than GP, with no other differences between treatments. Lack of reproductive differences between GG and GP, PG, and PP crickets suggests that crickets were able to compensate for periods of poor nutrition through increasing investment in reproduction instead of body size and body condition.
The Chicago Criminal Trial

On the night of the Decatur, Illinois raid of ADM’s headquarters, ADM Executive Vice President Michael Andreas and Corn Products Division President Terrance Wilson were offered a chance to cooperate with the government, but to no one’s surprise they refused the offer. On the expectation that Andreas and Wilson would continue to deny their culpability, DOJ prosecutors formed a prosecutorial team under the initial leadership of James M. Griffin, Chief of the Antitrust Division’s regional office in Chicago.1 About five weeks later, Mark Whitacre’s embezzlement of ADM became known to the DOJ and his immunity from prosecution was revoked.2 Under the terms of his cooperation agreement, Whitacre’s fraud made his indictment for price fixing practically automatic in the view of the DOJ. Whitacre’s perfidy made him unsuitable as a government witness and greatly complicated the government’s burden of proof in its prosecution of Andreas and Wilson. By indicting Whitacre on the same charge as Andreas and Wilson, the prosecution was counting on the likelihood that Whitacre would not take the stand in his own defense. More importantly, it made it impossible for the defendants to call Whitacre as a witness and thereby paint him as the chief price fixer.3
A Reusable Perfused Human Cadaver Model for Surgical Training: An Initial Proof of Concept Study.

Objectives Today's surgical trainees have less exposure to open vascular and trauma procedures. Lightly embalmed cadavers may allow a reusable model that maximizes resources and allows for repeat surgical training over time. Methods This was a three-phased study that was conducted over several months. Segments of soft-embalmed cadaver vessels were harvested and perfused with tap water. To test durability, vessels were clamped, then an incision was made and repaired with 5-0 polypropylene. Tolerance to suturing and clamping was graded. In a second phase, both an arterial-synthetic graft and an arterial-venous anastomosis were performed and tested at 90 mmHg perfusion. In the final phase, lower extremity regional perfusion was performed and vascular control of a simulated injury was achieved. Results Seven arteries and six veins from four cadavers were explanted. All vessels accommodated suture repair over 6 weeks. There was minor leaking at all previous clamp sites. In the anastomotic phase, vessels tolerated grafting, clamping, and perfusion without tearing or leaking. Regional perfusion provided a life-like training scenario. Conclusions Explanted vessels of soft-embalmed cadavers show adequate durability over time with realistic vascular surgery handling characteristics. This shows promise as initial proof of concept for a reusable perfused cadaver model. Further study with serial regional and whole-body perfusion is warranted.
The High Prevalence of Depressive Symptoms and Its Correlates With Older Hmong Refugees in the United States

Objective: We estimate depressive symptoms in a sample of older Hmong refugees in the United States, and investigate factors shaping risk of depression in this population. Method: Data were collect...
A 16-Year-Old Baseball Pitcher with a Sore Elbow

In the adolescent baseball pitcher, the significant forces imparted on the elbow during the pitching motion can result in tensile stress at the medial elbow, compression at the lateral elbow, and shearing/impingement at the posterior elbow. This results in a variety of pathology at these different locations that can result in pain, mechanical symptoms, and loss of control/velocity, significantly limiting a pitcher’s participation in competitive baseball. While a few of these injuries may require operative management, the majority of these athletes can be treated with throwing cessation, anti-inflammatory agents, and progressive physical therapy.
Urologic Emergencies in Oncology

The signs and symptoms of urological emergencies are generic, and are not specific to a certain disease entity, so that patients who have entirely different problems will present with similar symptoms. These signs and symptoms can be subsumed in four categories: 1. Urinary obstruction and renal failure 2. Urinary bleeding 3. Urinary tract infection 4. Neurologic emergencies of urologic malignancies
Early Adolescent Gender Development: The Differential Effects of Felt Pressure from Parents, Peers, and the Self.

Most empirical research examining youth’s gender development measures felt pressure to conform to gender norms using a composite value of felt pressure from multiple sources; however, because of the different socialization processes at work from parents, peers, and the self, analyzing these sources separately may elucidate different effects on gender development. Thus, the purpose of this study was to (a) differentiate the effects of perceived gender socialization pressure from parents, peers, and the self on early adolescents’ own- and other-gender typicality, and (b) to examine whether a bi-directional relation between gender typicality and felt pressure is evident when distinguished across sources. With a sample of 212 early adolescents (54% girls; Mage = 11.11 years), felt pressure was found to be distinguishable by socialization source: adolescents’ perceptions of parents, peers, and their own pressures were distinct, and each contributed differently to gender development. Pressure from self and peers were both found to relate concurrently to typicality (i.e., positively to own-gender typicality, negatively to other-gender typicality); only pressure from the self was found to have a longitudinal effect on adolescents’ developing gender identity (i.e., an increase in own-gender typicality). Interestingly, other-gender typicality did not elicit higher felt pressure; in fact, it was negatively related to later felt pressure from the self, suggesting that adolescents may be developing self-acceptance of their levels of gender typicality. The findings suggest that the development of gender identity may involve a complex interplay with various sources of socialization pressures (e.g., parent, peers, self), and may further shift in relation to the adolescent’s own levels of gender typicality.
Dietary Intake Among Church-Affiliated African Americans: The Role of Intentions and Beliefs:

Diabetes and heart disease disproportionately burden African Americans, who tend to have worse nutritional intake than Whites. Many Black churches are influential institutions in the Black communit...
Dispossession and displacement of migrant workers: the impact of state terror and economic development on Uyghurs in urban Xinjiang

The media often focuses on the visible aspects of state violence. However, the invisible aspects of everyday struggle often go under-reported. How does dispossession and displacement occur for Uygh...
Erratum to: Reflection Nebulae

Reflection nebulae are diffuse, extended, irregularly-shaped sources that shine by the reflected light of bright luminous nearby stars. The reflection nebulae contain interstellar dust particles that reflect starlight, and reproduce the stellar absorption lines. Selected bright reflection nebulae and their illuminating stars are listed in the first two accompanying tables.
ADORE: Aspect Dependent Online REview Labeling for Review Generation

Online reviews play a critical role in persuading or dissuading users when making purchase decisions. And yet very few users take the time to write helpful reviews. Encouragingly, recent advances in deep neural networks offer good potential to produce review-like natural language content. However, there is a lack of large, high-quality labeled data at both the aspect and sentiment level for training. Hence, toward enabling a writing assistant framework to help users post online reviews, this paper proposes a scalable labeling method for bootstrapping aspect and sentiment labels.Concretely, the proposed approach ? Aspect Dependent Online RE-views (ADORE) - leverages the underlying distribution of reviews and a small seed set of labeled data through carefully designed review segmentation and label assignment. We then show how these labels can inform a generative model to produce aspect and sentiment-aware reviews. We study the effectiveness of ADORE under various scenarios such as how end-users perceive the quality of the labels and aspect-aware generated reviews. Our experiments indicate that the proposed effective labeling process along with a regularized joint generative model lead to high quality reviews with 90% accuracy.
The Accretion of Lyα Clouds onto Gas-rich Protogalaxies: A Scenario for the Formation of Globular Star Clusters

A satisfactory theory for the formation of globular star clusters (GCs) has long been elusive, perhaps because their true progenitors had not yet been guessed. In this paper, I propose a causal relationship between the strongly decreasing densities of Lyα clouds at high redshift and the formation of GCs—namely, that GCs were created by the accretion of Lyα clouds onto protogalaxies. I describe a scenario that involves an inherently stable and orderly cycling of compression and cooling in the central cores of these clouds during the extended period of dissipation in the outer regions of gas-rich protogalaxies, culminating in a burst of efficient star formation. I demonstrate that the comoving density of GCs is comparable to that of Lyα clouds at high redshift, that the energetic requirements for compression to core GC densities can be met, and that the timescale for cooling is within obvious limits imposed by dynamical stability. This dissipative process requires there to be a large column of dissipated gas about the attractor in order to form GCs. In addition, the energy requirements of compression to GC central densities requires attractor masses greater than that capable of sustaining circular velocities of ~40 km s-1. If this scenario is supported by numerical simulations, then by implication the GCs were formed at modest redshifts of z~1-3. This knowledge could help break the troublesome degeneracy between look-back time and redshift. This model is consistent with a picture of hierarchical galaxy growth over timescales of many billions of years.
Isotope-Dilution Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Method for the Selective Detection of Nicotine and Menthol in E-Cigarette, or Vaping, Product Liquids and Aerosols

We developed a quantitative method for analyzing nicotine and menthol in e-cigarette, or vaping, products (EVPs). These products may adversely impact health through inhalational exposure to addictive and harmful chemicals. The presence of unknown substances in do-it-yourself e-liquids, counterfeits, or unregulated products may increase exposure to harmful chemicals, as underscored by the 2019 EVP use-associated lung injury (EVALI) outbreak. To minimize these risks, it is important to accurately quantify nicotine and menthol in e-liquids and aerosol emissions to evaluate EVP authenticity, verify product label accuracy, and identify potentially hazardous products. We developed a simple, versatile, high-throughput method using isotope-dilution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for quantifying nicotine and menthol concentrations in both e-liquid contents and machine-generated aerosol emissions of EVPs. Rigorous validation has demonstrated that the method is specific, precise (CV<2.71%), accurate (percent error ≤7.0%), and robust. Linear calibration ranges from 0.01 to 1.00 mg/ml for both analytes was achieved, corresponding to expected analyte levels in e-liquids and machine-generated EVP aerosols. Limits of detection (LODs) in the final 10-ml sample extract were 0.4 μg/ml for nicotine and 0.2 μg/ml for menthol. The method was used to analyze aerosol emissions of 141 EVPs associated with the 2019 EVALI outbreak; detectable levels of nicotine (2.19-59.5 mg/g of aerosol) and menthol (1.09-10.69 mg/g of aerosol) were observed in 28 and 11%, respectively, of the samples analyzed. Nicotine was not detected in any of the tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), or oil-based products, while menthol (2.95 mg/g of aerosol) was only detected in one of these products (THC-labeled). The analytical method can be used to quantify nicotine and menthol concentrations in the e-liquids and aerosols from a range of EVPs, and these findings highlight a difference between e-cigarette and other vaping products.
Os interesses da indústria brasileira no início da Primeira República: o debate acerca do Art. 9º do Decreto 1.167, de 17 de dezembro de 1892

This paper assesses the representativeness of industrial interests at the beginning of the First Republic. Analyzing official documents and press news about the Art. 9 of Decree 1,167, of December 17, 1892, which guaranteed the issuance of amortizable bonds to the industry, I present the following conclusions: i) the political discourse at the time was mostly based on economic liberalism; ii) the industrial issue started to show relevance in the political debate; iii) there was no clear opposition between the interests of industry and farming; iv) part of the industrialists criticized measures to aid industry, considering their possible effects on inflation and the exchange rate; and v) the controversial issue about credit policies was not the aid to the industry itself, but the interpretation that they could accentuate the effects of the Encilhamento.
A fast algorithm for parabolic PDE-based inverse problems based on Laplace transforms and flexible Krylov solvers

We consider the problem of estimating parameters in large-scale weakly nonlinear inverse problems for which the underlying governing equations is a linear, time-dependent, parabolic partial differential equation. A major challenge in solving these inverse problems using Newton-type methods is the computational cost associated with solving the forward problem and with repeated construction of the Jacobian, which represents the sensitivity of the measurements to the unknown parameters. Forming the Jacobian can be prohibitively expensive because it requires repeated solutions of the forward and adjoint time-dependent parabolic partial differential equations corresponding to multiple sources and receivers. We propose an efficient method based on a Laplace transform-based exponential time integrator combined with a flexible Krylov subspace approach to solve the resulting shifted systems of equations efficiently. Our proposed solver speeds up the computation of the forward and adjoint problems, thus yielding significant speedup in total inversion time. We consider an application from Transient Hydraulic Tomography (THT), which is an imaging technique to estimate hydraulic parameters related to the subsurface from pressure measurements obtained by a series of pumping tests. The algorithms discussed are applied to a synthetic example taken from THT to demonstrate the resulting computational gains of this proposed method.
Scheduling jobs with multiple non-uniform tasks

This paper considers the problem of maximizing the throughput of jobs wherein each job consists of multiple tasks. Consider a system offering a uniform capacity of a resource (say unit bandwidth). We are given a set of jobs, each consisting of a sequence of at most r tasks. Each task is associated with a window (specified by a release time and a deadline) within which it can be scheduled; each task also has a processing time and a bandwidth requirement. Each job has a profit associated with it. A feasible solution must choose a subset of jobs and schedule all the tasks for these jobs such that at any point of time, the total bandwidth requirement does not exceed the capacity of the resource; furthermore, the schedule must obey the precedence constraints (tasks of a job must be scheduled in order of the input sequence). The goal is to compute the feasible solution having maximum profit. Prior work has studied the problem without the notion of windows; furthermore, the algorithms presented therein require that the bandwidths of all the tasks of a job are uniform. Under these two restrictions, O(r)-approximation algorithms are known. Our main result presents an O(r)-approximation algorithm for the general case wherein tasks can have windows and bandwidths of tasks within the same job may be non-uniform.
The Story of Bollgard® Cotton

Bollgard® cotton is one of the great success stories for agricultural biotechnology. It broke new ground as a commercially successful transgenic plant product that could protect itself from damage from insect pests. This provided farmers with a dramatic new technology that offered significant benefits over the chemical insecticides that were being used. Delivering this product took many years of discovery and development and required significant scientific advances. Since its introduction in 1996, the use of Bollgard® cotton has expanded rapidly. It is now a valuable tool for agriculture with commercial growings in nine countries on five continents. Bollgard® cotton provides economic, environmental and social benefits for large and smallholder farmers around the globe. Keywords: field assessment; germplasm; regulatory; adoption; benefits
Unmet care needs and key outcomes in dementia.

Objectives: To determine how unmet needs for activity of daily living tasks influenced nursing home placement, death, or loss to follow-up in dementia. Design: An 18-month longitudinal design, with interviews administered every 6 months. Setting: Eight catchment areas in the United States. Participants: Five thousand eight hundred thirty-one dementia patients and their caregivers were included at baseline. Measurements: Measures of sociodemographic context of care; functional, cognitive, and behavioral status of care recipients; caregiver stress and well-being; and formal and informal resources served as covariates. The independent variables of interest were unweighted unmet care need scores and unmet need scores weighted by importance and severity in a prior sample of older consumers of long-term care. Outcomes included nursing home placement, death, and loss to follow-up. Results: Cox regression models suggested that greater unmet need was predictive of nursing home placement, death, and loss to follow-up. These results were apparent when the unweighted and the weighted scores for unmet need with activity of daily living dependencies were used. Conclusion: Unmet need may be useful in identifying dementia care recipients at risk for nursing home placement and death. Further study of unmet need is needed to effectively assess and target intervention protocols during the course of dementia.