cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sphingolipid Signaling Reduces Basal P-Glycoprotein Activity in Renal Proximal Tubule

P-glycoprotein is an ATP-driven xenobiotic export pump that is highly expressed in barrier and excretory tissues, where it greatly influences drug pharmacokinetics. Recent studies in the blood-brain and spinal cord barriers identified a sphingolipid-based signaling pathway that regulates basal activity of P-glycoprotein. Here we use an established comparative renal model that permits direct measurement of P-glycoprotein activity to determine whether such signaling occurs in another tissue, killifish renal proximal tubule. Isolated killifish tubules exposed to 0.01–1.0 μM sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) exhibited a profound decrease in P-glycoprotein transport activity, measured as specific accumulation of a fluorescent cyclosporine A derivative in the tubule lumen. Loss of activity had a rapid onset and was fully reversible when the S1P was removed. Transport mediated by multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (Mrp2) or a teleost fish organic anion transporter (Oat) was not affected. S1P effects were blocked by a specific S1P receptor 1 (S1PR1) antagonist and mimicked by a S1PR agonist. Sphingosine also reduced P-glycoprotein transport activity and those effects were blocked by an inhibitor of sphingosine kinase and by the S1PR1 antagonist. These results for a comparative renal model suggest that sphingolipid signaling to P-glycoprotein is not just restricted to the blood-brain and blood–spinal cord barriers, but occurs in other excretory and barrier tissues.
An adaptive energy-efficient and low-latency MAC for data gathering in wireless sensor networks

Summary form only given. In many sensor network applications the major traffic pattern consists of data collected from several source nodes to a sink through a unidirectional tree. We propose DMAC, an energy efficient and low latency MAC that is designed and optimized for such data gathering trees in wireless sensor networks. We first show that previously proposed MAC protocols for sensor networks that utilize activation/sleep duty cycles suffer from a data forwarding interruption problem, whereby not all nodes on a multihop path to the sink are notified of data delivery in progress, resulting in significant sleep delay. DMAC is designed to solve the interruption problem and allow continuous packet forwarding by giving the sleep schedule of a node an offset that depends upon its depth on the tree. DMAC also adjusts the duty cycles adaptively according to the traffic load in the network. We further propose a data prediction mechanism and the use of more-to-send (MTS) packets in order to alleviate problems pertaining to channel contention and collisions. Our simulation results show that by exploiting the application-specific structure of data gathering trees in sensor networks, DMAC provides significant energy savings and latency reduction while ensuring high data reliability.
Dyslexia: a Term in Search of a Definition

For more than 10 years investigators have suggested that there are various types of reading disorders. Articles appearing in the Journal of Learning Disabilities, from 1971 through 1980, were reviewed to determine what effects this notion has had on reading research. Two questions guided the focus for the review: (a) How is reading disorder currently defined? and (b) Do researchers specify the type of disorder under investigation? It was found that the disorders were most often defined in terms of a deficient reading or spelling score on a standardized test. Of the 45 studies reviewed, only 1 specified the type of disorder being examined. It is evident that the notion of distinct types of reading disorders has not been incorporated into current research.
A general consistency technique for increasing the controllability of high level synthesis tools

A technique is introduced that gives an engineer greater control over the design space considered by a high level synthesis tool. This is accomplished by allowing the engineer to make assertions about temporal and structural relationships between operations in a data-flow graph that must be reflected in any synthesized result. An engineer can use these assertions to make design trade-offs and improvements while working with a high-level synthesis tool.
THE SUPERBUBBLE ORIGIN OF 22 Ne IN COSMIC RAYS

We investigate a superbubble origin for the well-known anomalous 22Ne/20Ne ratio found (Binns and coworkers) for the sources of cosmic rays, which is 5 times the solar wind value. We calculate self-consistently the neon isotopes synthesized by massive stars residing in cores of superbubbles. Our model yields, based on the recent nucleosynthetic calculations, depend on two parameters: the limiting mass for Type II supernovae (SNe II) above which single massive stars lose their hydrogen envelopes and explode as Type Ib and Ic supernovae (SNe Ibc), and the cutoff mass above which stellar collapse creates black holes without supernova explosions. We then model the mean 22Ne/20Ne ratio in superbubble cores, resulting from the dispersal of this newly synthesized neon ejected in the metal-rich winds and supernova explosions together with the debris of older interstellar medium within the superbubbles. We characterize this dispersal in terms of the mean superbubble metallicity, Zsb, the elemental mass fraction heavier than helium. Finally, we determine the expected 22Ne/20Ne ratio in the local cosmic rays, based on observations of the relative fractions of supernovae occurring in superbubbles and other phases of the interstellar medium. Considering all of the uncertainties, we find that the cosmic-ray source abundance ratio of 22Ne/20Ne can be easily understood as the result of cosmic rays accelerated primarily out of superbubble cores with a mean metallicity Zsb between 2.3 and 3.1 Z☉. This metallicity, which corresponds to a mean wind and ejecta mass fraction of between 13% and 23%, is quite consistent with values of the mean superbubble core metallicity inferred from other observations and provides additional evidence for a superbubble origin of the bulk of the cosmic rays.
An Ethical Analysis of the Barriers to Effective Pain Management

Among the most significant findings of SUPPORT was that 50% of ICU patients suffered from moderate to severe pain during the last days of life. At the time of its publication late in 1995, SUPPORT was merely the latest in a long series of articles in the medical literature documenting the widespread and significant undertreatment of pain, beginning with a 1973 study of hospital inpatients. Much has been written about the phenomenon of undertreated pain and inadequate care of patients at the end of life, and many positive suggestions for reform of clinical education and clinical practice have been iterated and reiterated in the two decades separating the studies. Proposals for modifying clinician behaviors in this aspect of patient care have tended to focus on particular barriers to effective pain management and palliative care.
Time-Limited Group Therapy

This article is a comparative review of conceptually planned short-term group treatment models. Comparisons are made regarding structure (selection, composition, pregroup orientation), time (duration, session frequency and length, group development), and therapeutic characteristics (focal themes, interventions, therapeutic factors). These dimensions were selected for analysis because of their relationship to unique issues that are raised when therapy is time-limited and occurs in a group. Implications for the clinician and researcher are conceptualized across the broad dimensions of structure, time. and therapeutic characteristics.
Influence of medical conditions on executive and memory functions in low socioeconomic status African americans

We examined the association of total comorbid score and specific chronic conditions including cardiovascular diseases, musculoskeletal conditions, diabetes mellitus, stroke, hypertension, and cancer with several cognitive domains across four different age groups: young adults (ages 18-34), young middle-aged adults (ages 35-50), middle-aged adults (ages 51-64), and older adults (ages >64). Cognitive tests measuring global ability, executive function, memory function, and perceptual speed ability were administered to 384 African Americans. Total comorbid score was computed by summing up the number of chronic conditions. Results showed an inverse association between total comorbid scores and executive and memory functions in the total sample. With the exception of the youngest group, stroke was the only prominent predictor of poor performance for all age groups, but the impact was greater in the younger age groups compared with older adults. These results suggest that the impact of medical conditions on domain specific tasks may be modified by age.
Dynamic modeling of geared and flexibly jointed manipulators

A Newton-Euler analysis of a robot manipulator with gears or joint flexibilities is presented. A recursive order N form for the calculation of the manipulator forward dynamics that includes all gyroscopic forces and motor-link acceleration interactions is developed. The commonality between flexibly jointed manipulators and geared manipulators is discussed. For the flexible joint, the motor-link dynamics are described using a general function for the coupling between motor and link. The dynamic effects of motors and the accurate modeling of industrial manipulator dynamics investigated using a simulation of a PUMA 560 are also presented. >
Do bacterial l-asparaginases utilize a catalytic triad Thr-Tyr-Glu?

The structures of Erwinia chrysanthemi L-asparaginase (ErA) complexed with the L- and D-stereoisomers of the suicide inhibitor, 6-diazo-5-oxy-norleucine, have been solved using X-ray crystallography and refined with data extending to 1.7 A O . The distances between the CK atoms of the inhibitor molecules and the hydroxyl oxygen atoms of Thr-15 and Tyr-29 (1.20 and 1.60 A O , respectively) clearly indicate the presence of covalent bonds between these moieties, confirming the nucleophilic role of Thr-15 during the first stage of enzymatic reactions and also indicating direct involvement of Tyr-29. The factors responsible for activating Tyr-29 remain unclear, although some structural changes around Ser-254P, Asp-96, and Glu-63, common to both complexes, suggest that those residues play a function. The role of Glu-289P as the activator of Tyr-29, previously postulated for the closely related Pseudomonas 7A L-glutaminase-asparaginase, is not confirmed in this study, due to the lack of interactions between these residues in these complexes and in holoenzymes. The results reported here are consistent with previous reports that mutants of Escherichia coli L-asparaginase lacking Glu-289 remain catalytically active and prove the catalytic roles of both Thr-15 and Tyr-29, while still leaving open the question of the exact mechanism resulting in the unusual chemical properties of these residues. fl 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Effects of UV radiation on usnic acid in Xanthoparmelia microspora (Müll. Arg. Hale).

An important decrease in the level of stratospheric ozone has been observed during the past decade (1), with accompanying increases in UV-B radiation (2) and some UV-A radiation (3), thus leading to probable damage to aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems (4–7). Inhabitants of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems have developed strategies to cope with the potential stress induced by UV radiation. One of these strategies is the synthesis of photoprotector compounds derived mainly from the biosynthetic route of the polymalonate acetate (8–13). As levels of UV radiation increase, accumulation rates of some photoprotective compounds in lichen species from the Chilean Alpine zones also increase (14). Photodegradation of depsides may have accounted for the low levels of phenolics in lichens at higher elevations (15). It was observed that, in Xanthoparmelia lichens from the Alpine regions of Chile, the higher the altitude where the lichen was found, the greater amount of usnic acid it produced (16). This increase of usnic acid is the result of the lichen’s ability to adapt to radiation, which ensures its survival in extreme environmental conditions. In thalli from Xanthoparmelia oleosa collected at 4690 m no usnic acid was detected, which could be proof of the presence of a photodegradation product of usnic acid (17) but which has not been identified to date. In growth-chamber experiments lasting 1 week, thalli of Umbilicaria americana always produced smaller amounts of phenolic residue when exposed to both UV-B and UV-A radiation, compared with exposure to UV-A alone. In one field experiment exclusion of UV-B by light filtration produced significant increases in phenolic compounds. This increase occurs only during spring and autumn, when lichens are metabolically more active (18). In this article we evaluated the accumulation rates of usnic acid in Xanthoparmelia microspora (Mull. Arg. Hale) exposed to doses of solar radiation and to additional doses of UV-A and UV-B radiation. Furthermore, we report on the photolysis of usnic acid in nonnucleofilic solvents during exposure to higher doses of UV-A and UV-B radiation.
Patient-Powered Reporting of Modified Rankin Scale Outcomes Via the Internet

Background and Purpose:The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) is a common and resource-intensive measure of functional outcome in stroke-related conditions. In this observational prospective cohort feasibility study, mRS scores are generated using a patient-powered online survey and compared to scores obtained by structured telephonic interview.Materials and Methods:Fifty-one patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) or their surrogates responded to an online survey following discharge from the hospital. These responses were used to generate an mRS score and then compared to blinded telephonic assessments by trained personnel. A weighted kappa (Kw) with confidence intervals (CIs) was calculated.Results:The Kw between the patient/surrogate and the trained personnel scores was 0.85 (95% CI, 0.74-0.95, P < .001).Conclusion:This study provides first evidence that patient/surrogate survey responses may be an efficient and reliable alternative to generate mRS scores compared to trained personnel after SAH.
Citation Analysis for the Modern Instructor: An Integrated Review of Emerging Research.

While online instructors may be versed in conducting e-Research (Hung, 2012; Thelwall, 2009), today’s faculty are probably less familiarized with the rapidly advancing fields of bibliometrics and informetrics. One key feature of research in these areas is Citation Analysis, a rather intricate operational feature available in modern indexes such as Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, and PsycINFO. This paper reviews the recent extant research on bibliometrics within the context of citation analysis. Particular focus is on empirical studies, review essays, and critical commentaries on citation-based metrics across interdisciplinary academic areas. Research that relates to the interface between citation analysis and applications in higher education is discussed. Some of the attributes and limitations of citation operations of contemporary databases that offer citation searching or cited reference data are presented. This review concludes that: a) citation-based results can vary largely and contingent on academic discipline or specialty area, b) databases, that offer citation options, rely on idiosyncratic methods, coverage, and transparency of functions, c) despite initial concerns, research from open access journals is being cited in traditional periodicals, and d) the field of bibliometrics is rather perplex with regard to functionality and research is advancing at an exponential pace. Based on these findings, online instructors would be well served to stay abreast of developments in the field.
Coarsening behavior of L12 phase in an AlZrTi alloy

Analyse par microscopie electronique en transmission de la croissance des precipites de structure L1 2 dans l'alliage Al-0,68%Zr-0,3%Ti contenant 1% en volume de phase Al 3 (Zr 0,75 Ti 0,25 ), soumis a un vieillissement a 425 pendant 200, 400 et 600 heures
Amorphous Silicon Films and Solar Cells Prepared by Mercury-Sensitized Photo-CVD of Silane and Disilane

The low temperature deposition of a-Si:H films and devices by mercury-sensitized photo-decomposition of silanes is described. The problem of window deposition is ameliorated by the use of a perfluoropolyether coating to give deposition rates of 0.3 A s−1. Highly photosensitive undoped layers can be produced. These films exhibit many properties in common with glow discharge films including thermal quenching of photoconductivity between 125–200°K and the Staebler-Wronski effect. A wide gap silicon carbide p layer is described, and is usefully employed in p-i-n structures to give 6% efficient solar cells. SIMS analysis of these devices shows that it is possible to achieve sharp p-i interfaces in a single chamber reactor. Deposition rates greater than 2 A s−1 have recently been achieved.
Photographs and Descriptions of Cup—Fungi—IV. Peziza Clypeata

A specimen collected October, 1883, by the late A. P. Morgan was sent to Mr. J. B. Ellis with the following note: "I enclose what I take to be Peziza clypeata Schw. Do you find this species ? The substance is quite thick and firm; it spread out flat upon the wood; it grows on old rotten logs with a damp smooth surface." A note appended to this specimen apparently by Mr. Ellis states, -' probably -N. A. F. 568." This number had already been distributed under, the name of Psilopezia nummularia. From this time the two species seem to have been confused. In the "Discomycetes of the Miami Valley," Mr. Morgan1 in referring to Peziza clypeata Schw. says: "I had always taken this for Psilopezia nummularia until I got Massee's work." In the same paper, referring to Psilopezia nummularia, he says: "Although the type of this species was sent from Cincinnati by Mr. Lea, I do not appear to have collected it, my specimens examined by Mr. Massee being pronounced Peziza adnata B. & C." Mr. Morgan, in the same paper, regarded this as a synonym of Peziza clypeata Schw. which it undoubtedly is, if Massee was correct in his determination of the Ohio specimen. Peziza adnata, a tropical plant described from Cuba, is said to have rough spores. This may be due to faulty observation, for the two species agree perfectly in other characters. At any rate, Peziza clypeata and Peziza adnata have come to be regarded as syno-
Study on Developing Agricultural Sci-tech Periodical Open Access System Building

Through the research on agricultural sci-tech periodical OA system building situation,concluded that the persistence of the OA system is poor and there needs more attention to pay on it.Combined the problems came across the development of agricultural sci-tech periodical,pointed out that if the agricultural sci-tech periodicals want to get benign development,they should to suit the new publishing environment,and get help from the construction of multifarious platform.And more,to holds that the builiding of OA system is not negligible to the development of new periodicals.
Transformation of chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos-methyl in prairie pothole pore waters

Non-point source pesticide pollution is a concern for wetlands in the prairie pothole region (PPR). Recent studies have demonstrated that reduced sulfur species (e.g., bisulfide and polysulfides) in PPR wetland pore waters directly undergo reactions with chloroacetanilide and dinitroaniline compounds. In this paper, the abiotic transformation of two organophosphate compounds, chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos-methyl, was studied in PPR wetland pore waters. Chlorpyrifos-methyl reacted significantly faster (up to 4 times) in pore water with reduced sulfur species relative to hydrolysis. No rate enhancement was observed in the transformation of chlorpyrifos in pore water with reduced sulfur species. The lack of reactivity was most likely caused by steric hindrance from the ethyl groups and partitioning to dissolved organic matter (DOM), thereby shielding chlorpyrifos from nucleophilic attack. Significant decreases in reaction rates were observed for chlorpyrifos in pore water with high concentrations of DOM. Rate enhancement due to other reactive species (e.g., organo-sulfur compounds) in pore water was minor for both compounds relative to the influence of bisulfide and DOM.
Activity loss of glutathione synthesis enzymes associated with human subcapsular cataract.

Purpose To assess the activities of the two enzymes required for glutathione synthesis, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and glutathione synthetase, in various forms of human cataracts. Methods The Cooperative Cataract Research Group cataract classification method and standard enzyme assay procedures were used. Results An inverse relationship was shown between residual activity of each of the glutathione synthesis enzymes and degree of subcapsular cataract. A weaker inverse relationship existed between glutathione synthetase activity and supranuclear and nuclear cataracts. No other parameters yielded comparable correlations with the activity of either enzyme. Conclusions Activity loss of the glutathione synthesis enzymes is associated with human subcapsular cataract formation.
Interactions and constraints in model species response to environmental heteroscedasticity

Increasing environmental variability could exacerbate the effects of climate change on ecological processes such as population dynamics, or positive and negative effects (favorable or unfavorable weather) could balance. Such a balance could depend on constraints of the processes. Biological and spatial constraints are represented in a spatially explicit individual based simulation of an ecotone reduced to two species on a single environmental gradient. The effects of climate amelioration are simulated from a plant's-eye-view by increasing the establishment and decreasing the mortality rates. Variability is introduced as a random multiplier of these rates, and the strength of the variation is increased through the period of climate change. The biological constraints limit change in the rates, and the extent of the simulation grid represents a spatial constraint. A small increase in environmental variation, multiplied through time with climate change, increases extinction rates. The biological and spatial constraints have little effect on the response of populations. Instead, competition, based on the form of the species response functions to the environmental gradient at the point where they intersect, determines differences in population responses. Positive and negative variations in the environment do not balance because the responses are hierarchical and asymmetric. Differences persist because extinction during a negative anomaly cannot be reversed by a later positive one.
Shifts in historical streamflow extremes in the Colorado River Basin

Abstract The global phenomenon of climate change-induced shifts in precipitation leading to “wet regions getting wetter” and “dry regions getting drier” has been widely studied. However, the propagation of these changes in atmospheric moisture within stream channels is not a direct relationship due to differences in the timing of how changing precipitation patterns interact with various land surfaces. Streamflow is of particular interest in the Colorado River Basin (CRB) due to the region’s rapidly growing population, projected temperature increases that are expected to be higher than elsewhere in the contiguous United States, and subsequent climate-driven disturbances including drought, vegetation mortality, and wildfire, which makes the region more vulnerable to changes in hydrologic extremes. Here, we determine how streamflow extremes have shifted in the CRB using two statistical methods—the Mann-Kendall trend detection analysis and Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) theorem. We evaluate these changes in the context of key flow metrics that include high and low flow percentiles, maximum and minimum 7-day flows, and the center timing of streamflow using historical gage records representative of natural flows. Monthly results indicate declines of up to 41% for high and low flows during the June to July peak runoff season, while increases of up to 24% were observed earlier from March to April. Our results highlight a key threshold elevation and latitude of 2300 m and 39° North, respectively, where there is a distinct shift in the trend. The spatiotemporal patterns observed are indicative of changing snowmelt patterns as a primary cause of the shifts. Identification of how this change varies spatially has consequences for improved land management strategies, as specific regions most vulnerable to threats can be prioritized for mitigation or adaptation as the climate warms.
Stroke survivors with severe mental illness: Are they at-risk for increased non-psychiatric hospitalizations?

Background This study examined outcomes for two groups of stroke survivors treated in Veteran Health Administration (VHA) hospitals, those with a severe mental illness (SMI) and those without prior psychiatric diagnoses, to examine risk of non-psychiatric medical hospitalizations over five years after initial stroke. Methods This retrospective cohort study included 523 veterans who survived an initial stroke hospitalization in a VHA medical center during fiscal year 2003. The survivors were followed using administrative data documenting inpatient stroke treatment, patient demographics, disease comorbidities, and VHA hospital admissions. Multivariate Poisson regression was used to examine the relationship between patients with and without SMI diagnosis preceding the stroke and their experience with non-psychiatric medical hospitalizations after the stroke. Results The study included 100 patients with SMI and 423 without SMI. Unadjusted means for pre-stroke non-psychiatric hospitalizations were higher (p = 0.0004) among SMI patients (1.47 ± 0.51) compared to those without SMI (1.00 ± 1.33), a difference which persisted through the first year post-stroke (SMI: 2.33 ± 2.46; No SMI: 1.74 ± 1.86; p = 0.0004). Number of non-psychiatric hospitalizations were not significantly different between the two groups after adjustment for patient sociodemographic, comorbidity, length of stay and inpatient stroke treatment characteristics. Antithrombotic medications significantly lowered risk (OR = 0.61; 95% CI: 0.49–0.73) for stroke-related readmission within 30 days of discharge. Conclusions No significant differences in medical hospitalizations were present after adjusting for comorbid and sociodemographic characteristics between SMI and non-SMI stroke patients in the five-year follow-up. However, unadjusted results continue to draw attention to disparities, with SMI patients experiencing more non-psychiatric hospitalizations both prior to and up to one year after their initial stroke. Additionally, stroke survivors discharged on antithrombotic medications were at lower risk of re-admission within 30 days suggesting the VHA should continue to focus on effective stroke management irrespective of SMI.
Knowledge-aided detection of range-spread target in distributed MIMO radar

We examine the moving range-spread target in distributed multi-input multi-output (MIMO) radar. More precisely, a knowledge-aided (KA) model for nonhomogenous disturbance is proposed. We model the covariance matrices for different transmit-receive (Tx-Rx) pairs as random matrices, which share the same matrix structure but with different power levels for the non-homogeneous clutter powers across different Tx-Rx pairs. Two detectors are proposed. The first is a KA generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) without range training. The second is an ad-doc KA GLRT with range training. Computer simulations and analyses show the performance improvements offered by the proposed detectors in heterogeneous scenarios.
Identification and validation of the microRNA response elements in the 3'-untranslated region of the UDP glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 2B7 and 2B15 genes by a functional genomics approach.

Abstract Posttranscriptional repression of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 2B7 and 2B15 expression by microRNAs (miRNAs) may be an important mechanism underlying inter-individual variability in drug glucuronidation. Furthermore, the UGT2B15 3′-UTR contains a common SNP (rs3100) that could influence miRNA binding. The aim of this study was to identify the complete complement of miRNAs that could regulate UGT2B7 and UGT2B15 expression through binding to the reference and/or variant 3′-UTRs. Luciferase reporter plasmids containing either the reference or variant 3′-UTRs were screened against a 2,048 human miRNA library to identify those miRNAs that decrease luciferase activity by at least 30% when co-transfected into HEK293 cells. Six novel miRNAs (miR-1293, miR-3664-3p, miR-4317, miR-513c-3p, miR-4483, and miR-142-3p) were identified that repressed the reference UGT2B7 3′-UTR, while twelve novel miRNAs (miR-770-5p, miR-103b, miR-3924, miR-376b-3p, miR-455-5p, miR-605, miR-624-3p, miR-4712-5p, miR-3675-3p, miR-6500-5p, miR-548as-3p, and miR-4292) repressed both the reference and rs3100 variant UGT2B15 3′-UTR. Deletion and mutagenesis studies confirmed the binding site location of each miRNA. Although the UGT2B15 rs3100 SNP was located within the miR-376c-3p response element, there was no effect on miRNA binding. miR-142-3p, miR-3664-3p, miR-4317, miR-455-5p, miR-376c-3p, miR-770-5p, miR-3675-3p, miR-331-5p, miR-605, and miR-376b-3p transcript levels were measured by quantitative PCR and correlated with UGT2B7 and UGT2B15 enzyme activities in 27 human liver samples. A significant negative correlation (Rs = −0.53; p = 0.005) was demonstrated between hepatic miR-455-5p transcript levels and UGT2B15-mediated S-oxazepam glucuronidation activities. Thus, the UGT2B7 and UGT2B15 3′-UTRs contain miRNA response elements for multiple miRNAs that may contribute to variable drug glucuronidation.
Understanding the role of the mentor in developing research competency among undergraduate researchers

Undergraduate research and creative activities are established high-impact practices that provide students with both advanced knowledge of their academic disciplines and the ability to apply that k...
The impact of coworker support and stigma on breastfeeding after returning to work

ABSTRACTThis study assessed the impact of coworker support on lactating mothers’ breastfeeding self-efficacy after maternity leave. A cross-sectional survey of 1000 working adults assessed effects ...
Course (Re)Design Academy: Mental Health First Aid Course

We will share how we took our training as facilitators of Mental Health First Aid through the National Council for Behavioral Health and created a 1-credit, upper-level course option for students. This opportunity provides practical information that students can utilize in their communities, can list on their resumes, and can be handy for various leadership opportunities on campus. Mental health and the diagnosis of mental illnesses is a common topic of concern in the higher education environment, and the creation of the course was intended to respond to those areas of need. Participants will better understand Mental Health First Aid and the current landscape of the topic for the college environment. Participants will better understand the experience of the Course (Re)Design Academy and why they may want to participate.
Actively open-minded thinking in politics

The concept of actively open-minded thinking (AOT) provides standards for evaluation of thinking, which apply both to our own thinking and to the thinking of others. AOT is important for good citizenship for three reasons: it provides a prescription for individual thinking about political decisions; it serves as a social norm (when others agree); and, perhaps most importantly, it provides a standard for knowing which sources to trust, including politicians and pundits. I provide a current account of AOT as a general prescriptive theory that defines a standard or norm for all thinking, with emphasis on its role in the judgment of the thinking of others, and in maintaining appropriate confidence. I also contrast AOT with other standards. AOT does not assume that more thinking is always better, and it implies that low confidence in the results of thinking is often warranted and beneficial. I discuss the measurement of AOT and its relation to politics. Finally, I report two preliminary studies of AOT in judgments of others thoughts, and the role of confidence.
Endogenous Procoagulant Activity in Trauma Patients and Its Relationship to Trauma Severity.

Background It has been observed that trauma patients have elevated plasma procoagulant activity that could be assigned to an elevated concentration of tissue factor (TF). However, in many instances there is a discrepancy between the levels of TF and the procoagulant activity observed. We hypothesized that factor XIa (FXIa) could be responsible for this additional activity and that the presence and levels of both proteins could correlate with trauma severity. Methods Citrate plasma from 98 trauma patients (47 blunt, 17 penetrating, and 34 thermal) were evaluated in clotting assays for the presence of FXIa and TF activity using respective inhibitory antibodies. Results When the three trauma patient groups were divided into two cohorts (Injury Severity Score [ISS] > 25 and ISS ≤ 25), higher frequencies and concentrations of both TF and FXIa were observed for all the more severe injury subgroups. Conclusions The majority of trauma patients have active FXIa in their plasma, with a significant fraction having active TF as well. Additionally, both TF and FXIa frequency and concentration directly relate to trauma severity. These data suggest the use of these two proteins as potential markers for the stratification of trauma patients.
Evaluating the Roles of Rainout and Post-Condensation Processes in a Landfalling Atmospheric River with Stable Isotopes in Precipitation and Water Vapor

Atmospheric rivers (ARs), and frontal systems more broadly, tend to exhibit prominent “V” shapes in time series of stable isotopes in precipitation. Despite the magnitude and widespread nature of these “V” shapes, debate persists as to whether these shifts are driven by changes in the degree of rainout, which we determine using the Rayleigh distillation of stable isotopes, or by post-condensation processes such as below-cloud evaporation and equilibrium isotope exchange between hydrometeors and surrounding vapor. Here, we present paired precipitation and water vapor isotope time series records from the 5–7 March 2016, AR in Bodega Bay, CA. The stable isotope composition of surface vapor along with independent meteorological constraints such as temperature and relative humidity reveal that rainout and post-condensation processes dominate during different portions of the event. We find that Rayleigh distillation controls during peak AR conditions (with peak rainout of 55%) while post-condensation processes have their greatest effect during periods of decreased precipitation on the margins of the event. These results and analyses inform critical questions regarding the temporal evolution of AR events and the physical processes that control them at local scales.
Uniform Building Code 1997 Dynamic Method

In Chapter 5, we introduced the concept of response spectrum as a plot of the maximum response (spectral displacement, spectral velocity, or spectral acceleration) versus the natural frequency or natural period of a single degree-of-freedom system subjected to a specific excitation. In the present chapter, we will use seismic response spectra for earthquake resistant design of buildings modeled as discrete systems with concentrated masses at each level of the building.
Surgical Management: Resection and Reconstruction Versus Drainage

The incidence of gastric outlet obstruction in patients with peptic ulcer disease has decreased due to improvements in medical management. Yet gastric outlet obstruction still remains a significant problem that may require operative intervention and therefore demands surgical expertise and decision-making ability. In this chapter, we discuss the strategies of resection and reconstruction compared to drainage procedures and comprehensively review the relative advantages and disadvantages of each procedure. We also discuss the predominant complications associated with each procedure and the management strategies for these complications. Finally, we outline the key steps in decision-making to determine what procedure is most indicated for particular patient populations.
Approach to Termination of Pregnancy in a Woman with Uterine Leiomyomas

Abstract Background: Women with enlarged leiomyomatous uteri often have limited options for termination of pregnancy (TOP) and are referred to tertiary-care centers for management. This article pre...
Decoding Latency of LDPC Codes in 5G NR

Fifth generation (5G) new radio (NR) is the next generation of mobile network beyond the fourth generation (4G) long term evolution (LTE). In order to meet high throughput and low latency requirements, low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes are adopted by the 5G NR standard for data channels. In 5G NR, the decoder provided to implement the peak throughput requirement may not be able to decode transport blocks over the same radio resources in the same time duration. In this paper, we analyze the decoding latency of LDPC codes in a typical scenario from a system point of view. The analysis can be used to guide the design of the decoder.
Infectious Complications Associated with the Use of Integra: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

Dermal regeneration templates such as Integra are effective reconstructive biomaterials used in a variety of soft-tissue defects. Fully understanding the complications associated with their use is paramount to improve outcomes and maximize patient safety. In this study, our purpose is to perform a comprehensive literature review to assess the previously reported infectious complications linked to Integra-based wound closure. Methods We conducted a systematic review of the literature to identify previous articles indexed in PubMed and Ovid for Integra and its synonymous terms. We used these search terms: [Integra OR (dermal regenerative matrix) OR (dermal regeneration matrix) OR (dermal regenerative template) OR (dermal regeneration template) OR (dermal substitute) OR (skin substitute) OR (artificial skin)] AND infection. Results Of the 3508 articles for initial review, 69 reported rates of infection, of which 26 reported ≥1 infection within their cohort. Of these 26 articles, the patients (n = 602) underwent Integra-based reconstruction in 1254 sites and had reported infections in 212 of the sites (16.9%). Among these, we encountered a single report of a fatal case of toxic shock syndrome (TSS) related to the use of Integra in secondary burn reconstruction. Conclusions While Integra offers many benefits, surgeons must be aware that infectious complications are not uncommon. As a result, a careful risk-benefit analysis of its use in reconstruction must be performed, and open discussion with the patient preoperatively regarding infection rate is of utmost importance.
The 1962 William Lowell Putnam Mathematical Competition

(1963). The 1962 William Lowell Putnam Mathematical Competition. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 70, No. 7, pp. 712-717.
No associations in preregistered study of youth depression and functional connectivity of fronto-parietal and default mode networks

Abstract Adolescence is characterized by vulnerability to the onset of major depressive disorder (MDD). The goal of this preregistered study was to assess neural correlates of depression symptoms in young adolescents, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. The default mode network (DMN) is believed to support internal attention towards self-referential thoughts, while the fronto-parietal network (FPN) is theorized to support cognitive control and regulation of attention. As MDD diagnosis has been associated with heightened connectivity within DMN regions and diminished connectivity within FPN regions relative to healthy controls, our study builds upon group-difference analyses by using dimensional measures of depression severity. Our preregistered hypotheses were that within-DMN functional connectivity would be positively associated with concurrent depression severity, while within-FPN functional connectivity would be negatively associated with concurrent depression severity. Preregistered analyses also examined between DMN-FPN connectivity as an alternative predictor variable, and assessed the longitudinal associations between all three functional connectivity measures and change in depression severity over three subsequent waves. Multiple regression models tested cross-sectional analyses and hierarchical linear models tested longitudinal analyses. One hundred and twenty-four youth completed a resting state functional MRI. Their depression severity was assessed at the time of the scan and at three follow-up sessions. None of the predictor variables were associated with concurrent depression severity, nor with the slope of depression symptom trajectories in longitudinal analyses. These negative results add to extant cross-sectional studies, and may inform future investigations of brain correlates of depression psychopathology in youth.
A review on recent trends of antiviral nanoparticles and airborne filters: special insight on COVID-19 virus.

Novel corona virus (COVID-19) pandemic in the last 4 months stimulates the international scientific community to search for vaccine of antiviral agents suitable for in activating the virus inside and outside the human body. More than 4 million people globally are infected by the virus and about 300,000 dead cases until this moment. The ventilation and airborne filters are also investigated aiming to develop an efficient antiviral filtration technology. Human secretion of the infected person as nasal or saliva droplets goes as airborne and distributes the virus everywhere around the person. N95 and N98 filters are the must use filters for capturing particles of sizes around 300 nm. The average size of the novel corona virus (COVID-19) is 100 nm and there is no standard or special filter suitable for this virus. The nanoparticle-coated airborne filter is a suitable technique in this regard. While the efficiency of this type of filters still needs to be enhanced, new developed nanofiber filters are proposed. Most recently, the charged nanofiber filters of sizes below 100 nm are developed and provide an efficient viral filtration and inactivation. The efficiency of filter must be kept at accepted level without increasing the pressure drop. The present review outlines the most efficient antiviral nanoparticles including the recent functional nanoparticles. The filtration theory, filtration modeling, filter testing, and different types of filter with special concentration on the charged nanofiber filter were discussed. The charged nanofiber filter able to capture novel corona virus (COVID-19) with 94% efficiency and a pressure drop less than 20 MPa.
Identification of Uncontrolled Symptoms in Cancer Patients Using Natural Language Processing.

Abstract Context: For patients with cancer, uncontrolled pain and other symptoms are the leading cause of unplanned hospitalizations. Early access to specialty palliative care (PC) is effective to reduce symptom burden, but more efficient approaches are needed for rapid identification and referral. Information on symptom burden largely exists in free-text notes, limiting its utility as a trigger for best practice alerts or automated referrals. Objectives: To evaluate whether natural language processing (NLP) can be used to identify uncontrolled symptoms (pain, dyspnea, or nausea/vomiting) in the electronic health record (EHR) among hospitalized cancer patients with advanced disease. Methods: The dataset included 1,644 hospitalization encounters for cancer patients admitted from 1/2017 -6/2019. We randomly sampled 296 encounters, which included 15,580 clinical notes. We manually reviewed the notes and recorded symptom severity. The primary endpoint was an indicator for whether a symptom was labeled as “controlled” (none, mild, not reported) or as “uncontrolled” (moderate or severe). We randomly split the data into training and test sets and used the Random Forest algorithm to evaluate final model performance. Results: Our models predicted presence of an uncontrolled symptom with the following performance: pain with 61% accuracy, 69% sensitivity, and 46% specificity (F1: 69.5); nausea/vomiting with 68% accuracy, 21% sensitivity, and 90% specificity (F1: 29.4); and dyspnea with 80% accuracy, 22% sensitivity, and 88% specificity (F1: 21.1). Conclusion: This study demonstrated initial feasibility of using NLP to identify hospitalized cancer patients with uncontrolled symptoms. Further model development is needed before these algorithms could be implemented to trigger early access to PC.
The Tempering of a Defense: Further Critiques Against Error Theory in Light of Russ Shafer-Landau’s Ethical Nonnaturalism

Humans as social beings in everyday life can not be separated from other human beings. Human relations both between individuals and the institutions of government in this case the village administration to participate participation in determining social policy as public policy is an attempt to improve his life tarap both within the family and society. This kind of relationship is called social solidarity. In establishing relations of social solidarity in order to create a safe stability, peaceful, legal certainty, welfare, and justice needs to be realized legislation.
Outer Hair Cell Motility and Cochlear Frequency Selectivity

There is mounting evidence that the physiologically vulnerable sensitivity and frequency selectivity of cochlear partition movement (Khanna and Leonard, 1982; Sellick et al., 1982) results from outer hair cell (OHC) bidirectional transduction. These sensory receptors appear not only capable of converting acoustic energy into neural energy (mechano- electrical transduction) but possess effector abilities as well (electromechanical transduction). The first experimental evidence for cochlear bidirectional transduction came from Kemp’s (1978) observation that acoustic energy of cochlear origin can be measured in the external ear canal. Crossed olivo-cochlear bundle (COCB) stimulation has been shown to modulate the magnitude of Kemp’s ota-acoustic emissions (Mountain, 1980; Siegel and Kim, 1982) and to change inner hair cell receptor potentials but not their membrane impedance (Brown and Nutall, 1984). Both types of COCB experiment provide indirect evidence for OHC involvement in the generation of mechanical energy. Recent demonstrations of a motile response of OHC to electrical (Brownell, 1984; Brownell et al., 1985, 1986; Ashmore and Brownell, 1986; Kachar et al, 1986; Evans et al., 1986) and chemical stimuli (Goldstein and Mizukoshi, 1967; Brownell, 1984; Brownell et al., 1985; Flock et al., 1985; Zenner, et al., 1986; Evans et al., 1986) provide direct evidence for electro- and chemo-mechanical transduction by OHCs.