cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Host Diet Affects the Morphology of Monarch Butterfly Parasites.

Abstract Understanding host–parasite interactions is essential for ecological research, wildlife conservation, and health management. While most studies focus on numerical traits of parasite groups, such as changes in parasite load, less focus is placed on the traits of individual parasites such as parasite size and shape (parasite morphology). Parasite morphology has significant effects on parasite fitness such as initial colonization of hosts, avoidance of host immune defenses, and the availability of resources for parasite replication. As such, understanding factors that affect parasite morphology is important in predicting the consequences of host–parasite interactions. Here, we studied how host diet affected the spore morphology of a protozoan parasite (Ophryocystis elektroscirrha), a specialist parasite of the monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus). We found that different host plant species (milkweeds; Asclepias spp.) significantly affected parasite spore size. Previous studies have found that carden...
Empathy and Romantic Relationship Quality Among Cohabitating Couples: An Actor–Partner Interdependence Model

This study employed a dyadic data analysis approach to examine the association between partners’ empathy and relationship quality among cohabitating couples. Data were collected from 374 cohabitati...
Vocal fold paralysis on positron emission tomography-CT

A 58-year-old woman with a 40 pack-year smoking history presented with several weeks of shortness of breath, chest pain radiating to the back and a hoarse voice. Initial chest X-ray showed a new left upper lobe mass concerning for malignancy. She then underwent positron emission tomography(PET)-CT, which revealed a fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-avid left hilar lung mass, (figure 1, red arrow) and left supraclavicular and mediastinal lymphadenopathy (figure 1, orange and green arrows). The PET-CT also showed asymmetric FDG uptake of the vocal folds at the level of the thyroid cartilage …
Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer and Substituent Effects in Catechol-Based Deep Eutectic Solvents: Gross and Fine Tuning of Redox Activity.

The 1,2-diol moiety in a variety of substituted catechols allows formation of room temperature ionic melts in a 2:1 ratio with choline chloride or choline dihydrogen citrate. These deep eutectic solvents were 4.3–6.6 M in redox active catechols. Substituents on 3- and 4-substituted catechols shift both E° and pKa such that Hammett parameters predict the observed Ep for oxidation in square wave voltammetry. The proton acceptor for the proton-coupled oxidation shifts the observed Ep more strongly than the substituents within the substituents and acceptors reported here. The shift is predicted well by the pKa of the conjugate acid of the proton acceptor, i.e., water in aqueous solutions or chloride or dihydrogen citrate in the DESs in this study. Together, the substituent and the proton acceptor allow gross and fine-tuning of the oxidation potential for catechol over 750 mV, the first demonstration of control of the thermodynamics of proton-coupled electron transfer in deep eutectic solvents. Changing the su...
Truth, Negation and Other Basic Notions of Logic

According to a story, Albert Einstein was once asked how he had come upon his strange revolutionary ideas. He replied: “By asking the questions that children are discouraged to ask.” If we want to follow Einstein’s strategy in the philosophy of logic, we are thus led to ask such questions as we ourselves discourage our own introductory logic students to ask. But what are such questions? One of them might very well be: What is the logic of our ordinary language? It is convenient to us logic teachers to pretend initially that it is the logic we are teaching, in other words, that the notation of the usual first-order logic is nothing but a streamlined version of ordinary English. In older textbooks this claim is sometimes made explicitly. If pressed, we might appeal to Chomsky (e.g. 1986) whose Ersatz logical forms alias LFs differ only inessentially from the logical forms of ordinary first-order formulas. Yet such appeals should evoke pangs of intellectual conscience, for our actual Sprachlogik differs in several disturbing ways from the received (“Frege-Russell”) first-order logic. I have shown (in Hintikka 1997) that even one of the most general notions of formal logic, the notion of scope, is not a primitive notion but one which can be applied to natural language only indirect ways. It can also be shown that the logic of natural-language conditional sentences can only be captured by going way beyond ordinary first-order logic. But even apart from such theoretical differences, there are lots of ordinary language sentences whose logic is not captured by their prima facie translations into first-order logical notation. For instance, consider the sentence
The services sector in India

This paper discusses the role of services in India’s economy. Through analyzing global data on the relationship between services, manufacturing, and GDP, we show that the relationship of services to economic growth is complex and usually involves a consideration of the manufacturing sector. In India’s case, somewhat unusually, services and manufacturing grew independently of each other for many years. This independence was in large part due to public policies that encouraged low value-added, capital-intensive manufacturing through protectionist policies. This helps explain why both services and manufacturing were relatively low value added compared to other countries, such as China, that consciously sought to integrate the two sectors. We discuss policymakers’ options for promoting higher value-added services in India, what this means for the manufacturing sector, and the linkages between services and manufacturing.
Isolated Polyethylene Exchange With Increased Constraint Is Comparable to Component Revision TKA for Instability in Properly Selected Patients

Abstract Background Symptomatic instability following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a leading cause of early failure. Most reports recommend component revision as the preferred treatment because of poor outcomes and high failure rates with isolated tibial polyethylene insert exchange (ITPIE). However, these ideas have not been tested in modern implant systems that allow insert constraint to be increased. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 90 consecutive patients with minimum 2-year (mean 3.7 years) follow-up who underwent revision TKA for instability at a single institution. Mean age was 62.0 years (range, 41 to 83 years), and 73% of patients were women. Forty percent of patients were treated with ITPIE when standardized preoperative and intraoperative criteria were met; 60% underwent revision of one or both components when these criteria were not met. Results Patients experienced significant improvements in Knee Society (KS) knee (48.4 to 82.6; P Conclusion In selected patients, ITPIE is not inferior to component revision at addressing symptomatic instability following TKA. Degree of constraint should be increased whenever possible during revision surgery for instability.
Constraints on early star formation from the 21-cm global signal

The tentative detection by the EDGES experiment of a global 21-cm absorption trough centered at redshift 17 opens up the opportunity to study the birth of the first luminous sources, the intensity of radiation backgrounds at cosmic dawn, the thermal and ionization history of the young intergalactic medium. Here, we focus on the astrophysical implications of the Lyman-alpha photon field needed to couple the spin temperature to the kinetic temperature of the gas at these early epochs. Under the basic assumption that the 21-cm signal is activated by extremely metal-poor stellar systems, we show that the EDGES results are consistent with an extrapolation of the declining galaxy UV luminosity density measured at 4 15.
Intimate Matters in Public Encounters: Massachusetts Praying Indian Communities and Colonialism in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries

As an academic pursuit, global historical archaeology has come of age in recent decades and provides an important perspective on international cultural encounters. Much of the research that appears in the Contributions to Global Historical Archaeology series, as well as the International Journal of Historical Archaeology, and Archaeologies: The Journal of the World Archaeological Congress, highlights the movement of ideas and material culture across the continents. Inspired by Braudel’s (1975) foundational perspective on worldwide economic systems, such research indicates the historical depth of international connections, today brought closer by technologies and international capital that foreshorten cultural differences and transformations (Freedman 2005). In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, materials manufactured in Europe came to the New World with European explorers, adventurers, fishermen, missionaries, traders, and settlers, and were exchanged for tobacco, pelts, and furs produced by Native Americans. Ideas also traveled between the two worlds, initially during exploration and trade and later during colonization, often a consequence of coercion more than accommodation, but also selectively incorporated and resisted by colonized peoples. It is within this international perspective that I read historical texts and artifacts for clues to bodily privacy and intimacy in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century New England and for evidence of cultural transformation as a consequence of colonization and colonialism.
Sorting Sounds: Reading Disability with Phonological Awareness Deficit

As Angie's father was reading to her one evening near the end of junior kindergarten, he paused in the story to play a game with her of matching letters to their sounds. Angie had been slow in learning to recognize printed letters earlier that year, and he thought it would be good to practice some more advanced alphabet skills now. He was dismayed to discover during the game that she was bafflingly inconsistent at recognizing even the/a/sound that began her own name. Had Angie's teacher not commented recently that the class was working on this for the past several weeks?
Experimental study of time dependence ablation rate in atmospheric pressure DC carbon arc discharges

In atmospheric pressure carbon arc discharges, anode ablation phenomena play an important role in synthesis of carbon nanostructures providing the feedstock of material. Experimental studies and theoretical modeling of the plasmasurface interaction processes near the anode are very difficult to carry out due to small dimensions, high energy fluxes and extreme states of the matter. These processes are intrinsic and formed self-consistently in anodic arcs including carbon synthesis arc. Therefore, it is important to characterize ablation processes to address arc stability issues and efficiency of feedstock material formation.
Microbial Metabolites in Cancer Promotion or Prevention

The trillions of microorganisms inhabiting the gut have been increasingly recognized for their role in modulating the health of their human host. They have been implicated in complex diseases such as obesity, cardiovascular disease and cancer. The metabolites produced by the gut microbiota have the potential to promote or prevent tumorigenesis, and influence cancer treatment outcomes based on their concentration, target tissue and utilization by gut inhabitants. The mechanisms by which microbial metabolites affect tumor dynamics are not fully established; however, emerging technologies continue to improve our ability to investigate these connections. In the interim, increasing research supports concerted efforts to promote a balanced gut microbiota for the prevention and treatment of multiple cancer types. This chapter introduces several classes of microbial metabolites and their mechanism of action with respect to cancer promotion and prevention.
Correcting Sociodemographic Selection Biases for Population Prediction from Social Media

Social media is increasingly used for large-scale population predictions, such as estimating community health statistics. However, social media users are not typically a representative sample of the intended population -- a "selection bias". Within the social sciences, such a bias is typically addressed with restratification techniques, where observations are reweighted according to how under- or over-sampled their socio-demographic groups are. Yet, restratifaction is rarely evaluated for improving prediction. Across four tasks of predicting U.S. county population health statistics from Twitter, we find standard restratification techniques provide no improvement and often degrade prediction accuracies. The core reasons for this seems to be both shrunken estimates (reduced variance of model predicted values) and sparse estimates of each population's socio-demographics. We thus develop and evaluate three methods to address these problems: estimator redistribution to account for shrinking, and adaptive binning and informed smoothing to handle sparse socio-demographic estimates. We show that each of these methods significantly outperforms the standard restratification approaches. Combining approaches, we find substantial improvements over non-restratified models, yielding a 53.0% increase in predictive accuracy (R^2) in the case of surveyed life satisfaction, and a 17.8% average increase across all tasks.
Knowledge of psychosocial factors associated with low back pain amongst health science students: a scoping review.

Low back pain is a burden worldwide and biological, psychological, and social mechanisms play a role in its development and persistence. Current guidelines support care using the biopsychosocial model. However, biomedical constructs dominate clinician training, and it is unknown the extent to which health science students understand the psychosocial determinates of a patient’s low back pain. Therefore, the aim of this scoping review is to report health science students’ current knowledge of psychosocial factors associated with low back pain. A scoping review framework was used to search electronic databases for research examining health science students’ knowledge of psychosocial factors associated with low back pain. The nature and findings of the studies are highlighted using the data charting tool. Each study was analyzed to determine the type of outcome measurement used. Scores were compared to minimum accepted scores, between disciplines, as education advanced, and after educational modules. Fourteen studies published between 2004 and 2019 were identified. Seven healthcare disciplines were represented. In total, 12 different measurement tools were utilized. In 9 studies students demonstrated inadequate knowledge of psychosocial factors associated with low back pain. Three tools compared disciplines and nationalities. Three tools were associated with practice behavior. Eight studies showed improvement as students’ education advanced, and 3 studies demonstrated improvements in knowledge after implementation of pain education modules of varied lengths. Of those, two showed significant improvement. Health science students in these studies had substandard understanding of psychosocial factors associated with low back pain. Dedicated pain education has the potential to improve low back pain understanding, resulting in more guideline appropriate care recommendation.
Synthesizing Physiological and Motion Data for Stress and Meditation Detection

In this work, we present the synthesis of physiological and motion data to classify, detect and estimate affective state ahead of time (i.e. predict). We use raw physiological and motion signals to predict the next values of the signal following a temporal modeling scheme. The physiological signals are synthesized using a one-dimensional convolutional neural network. We then use a random forest to predict the affective state from the newly synthesized data. In our experimental design, we synthesize and predict both stress and mediation states. We show the utility of our approach to data synthesis for prediction of stress and meditation states through two methods. First, we report the concordance correlation coefficient of the synthetic signals compared to the ground truth. Secondly, we report prediction results on synthetic data that are comparable to the original ground-truth signals.
Unexpected Prevalence of eae-Positive Escherichia coli in the Animas River, Durango, Colorado

Since 2014, biology students at Fort Lewis College have studied the water quality of the Animas River in Durango, Colorado. Environmental microbiology and molecular biology techniques have been employed to study Escherichia coli isolates from the river and to define characteristics of the bacteria related to public health. E. coli was found in the river, as well as in culverts and tributary creeks that drain into the river within the Durango city limits. Concentrations of E. coli in the river occasionally exceeded the US EPA guideline of 126 CFU per 100 mL for recreational water use. Many of the E. coli isolates were able to be grown at 45 °C, an indication of mammalian origin. Unexpectedly, 8% of the isolates contained the intimin (eae) gene, a virulence gene characteristic of two pathotypes of E. coli, the enterohemorrhagic and enteropathogenic E. coli. Several isolates tested were resistant to multiple antibiotics commonly used in animal and human medicine. Further study is warranted to determine the source of these bacteria entering the Animas River, and to further characterize the possible disease potential of multi-antibiotic resistant and virulence gene-containing isolates found in a semi-rural/urban setting.
Lexical Repetition Properties of Caregiver Speech and Language Development in Children With Cochlear Implants.

Purpose Early language input plays an important role in child language and cognitive development (e.g., Gilkerson et al., 2018; Hart & Risley, 1995). In this study, we examined the effects of child...
Physical punishment and Colombian children and adolescents' cognitive and behavioral outcomes

Abstract Research from U.S. samples has shown consistent associations between physical punishment and adverse child outcomes. Nonetheless, little is known about the effects of physical punishment in countries where its use is more accepted. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between physical punishment and children and adolescents' outcomes in Colombia using longitudinal data from a national sample (N = 5801). Matching techniques were used to improve balance in covariates between children and adolescents exposed and not exposed to physical punishment. Findings suggest that children and adolescents' exposure to physical punishment was linked to higher internalizing and externalizing problems, as well as lower prosocial behaviors and receptive vocabulary. These results highlight the importance of implementing legislation and interventions aimed at eliminating physical punishment in Colombia.
Performance of Raptor Codes on the BIAWGN Channel in the Presence of SNR Mismatch

Accurate estimation of the channel signal to noise ratio (SNR) is essential for belief propagation (BP) decoding to operate optimally. Incorrect estimation of the channel SNR is known as SNR mismatch and can lead to serious degradation in BP decoding performance especially when a code is operating near its decoding threshold. We analyze the asymptotic performance of Raptor codes under SNR mismatch on the binary input additive white Gaussian noise (BIAWGN) channel using discretized density evolution (DDE). We provide the decoding thresholds of Raptor codes for a wide range of SNR mismatch values. Our results show that overestimation of channel SNR is slightly more detrimental than underestimation for lower levels of SNR mismatch, while, underestimation becomes more detrimental as the mismatch increases. Finally, we use DDE-based optimization to design SNR mismatch tolerant output degree distributions.
A non-intrusive optical (NIO) approach to characterize heliostats in utility-scale power tower plants: Sensitivity study

Abstract Power towers, a type of concentrating power tower technology, use a large number of heliostats to concentrate sunlight and produce renewable energy. Optical errors of heliostats can cause drastic losses in the efficiency of power-tower plants. Accurately measuring optical errors is crucial to assessing and improving plant performance. This analysis discusses an innovate non-intrusive optical (NIO) approach to measure slope, canting, and tracking errors by detecting distortions in the reflected tower structure in heliostat images. A sensitivity study is carefully conducted to determine the uncertainty requirements to allow the method to calculate slope errors with an accuracy of 0.25 mrad. Measurement uncertainty sources include camera resolution and position uncertainty, tower position uncertainty, and number of collected images. Each uncertainty source is investigated to determine its impact on the accuracy of the slope-error calculation. A combination of theoretical results and experimental results obtained from data collected on a heliostat at Sandia National Laboratories is used to determine and validate uncertainty requirements. The analysis shows that a measurement uncertainty of 0.25 mrad can be realized by realistically controlling uncertainty sources when implementing the NIO method. It demonstrates the superior performance of NIO in performing in-situ optical characterization.
Heat Exposure and Multiple Sclerosis-A Regional and Temporal Analysis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurological disorder that progressively distorts the myelination of axons within the central nervous system (CNS). Increased core body temperature or metabolism as a result of exercise are common causes of short-term exacerbations of neurological symptoms in MS. About 60–80% of patients with MS experience a worsening of their symptoms when exposed to heat. In comparison, less data are available on the relationship between ambient meteorological conditions (e.g., temperature and relative humidity (RH)) and fluctuations in such variables in relation to MS symptoms. Thus, this study examined associations between time-lagged exposure to meteorological conditions and risk of a clinic visit due to MS among US veterans between 2010 and 2013. This study leveraged data from the Veterans Affairs (VA) and National Climactic Data Center (NCDC) for the continental US, partitioned into eight climate zones. We used a case crossover design to assess the risk of a MS clinic visit with respect to several meteorological conditions. Location-specific time-lagged daily (ambient) exposure to temperature, RH, and temperature variations (standard deviation (SD) of temperature) were computed (up to 30 days) for each case (i.e., day of MS visit) and control (a randomly assigned date ± 90–270 days prior to visit). Statistical analyses were conducted to examine independent associations between the selected meteorological conditions and risk of MS visits at the national and regional levels. A total of 533,066 patient visits received a MS diagnosis (International Classifications of Diseases (ICD)-9 code = 340). The Northeast (NE) and Upper Midwest (UMW) regions reported the highest frequency of clinic visits due to MS. Clinic visits were 9% more likely to occur in the spring, summer, and fall months (March–October) than in the winter (OR = 1.089; 95% CI = 1.076–1.103; p < 0.01). In the univariate analyses, the SD of temperature, temperature, and temperature–RH interaction were positively associated with an elevated risk of a MS clinic visit, while the RH was negatively associated with the risk for a clinic visit. In multivariate analyses, the strongest association of a MS clinic visit was observed with the SD of the temperature (OR = 1.012; 95% CI 1.008–1.017; p < 0.01). These associations between MS clinic visits and meteorological conditions varied across climate regions, with the strongest associations being observed in the LMW, UMW, DSW, and NE zones. The SD of the temperature was again the strongest associated predictor when examined regionally. Temperature variations and temperature–RH interactions (a proxy of the heat index) showed significant associations with MS clinic visits. These associations varied across climate regions when examined geographically. Our findings have implications for the management of MS in severe or recurrent cases, especially considering the impending changes in the daily temperature variations and intensity of the heatwaves expected with the intensification of global warming.
Water abundance evaluation of a burnt rock aquifer using the AHP and entropy weight method: a case study in the Yongxin coal mine, China

Severe water inflows to the presence of a burnt rock aquifer in coal mines in the Aai mining area in Xinjiang in China has caused the loss of life and economic damage. Drainage technology represents the main means to control the water management problems in coal mines caused by the presence of burnt rock masses, and the layout of drainage boreholes is determined according to the water abundance of the aquifer. However, existing studies on the water abundance of the burnt rock aquifer in the Aai mining area are insufficient. Using the accessible geological exploration data, a method of water abundance evaluation was proposed in the Yongxin coal mine of the Aai mining area, Xinjiang, China. A model was created using five controlling factors, namely: the thickness of the burnt rock; the core extraction rate; the hydraulic conductivity; the rate of flushing fluid consumption during drilling; and the thickness of the burnt rock aquifer. A thematic map of each factor, drawn using the Kriging function interpolation technique, was divided into five classes. The combined analytic hierarchy process and entropy weight method was applied to calculate the weight of each factor. The water abundance zoning map, constructed via superimposing the thematic map of each factor using the ArcGIS software, was divided into five zones. The map was further verified using the data of pumping test results from three boreholes and mine water inflow from tunnels, and it was thus found that the map was in good agreement with the field data. The present model can effectively evaluate water abundance of the burnt rock aquifer in the Yongxin coal mine of the Aai mining area, Xinjiang, China.
The Energy of a Tsunami Generated by Dynamic Uplift of the Ocean Bottom. I. Analytical Solutions

Based on a simple physical model, we derive a formula for the energy radiated into a tsunami by a dynamic deformation of the ocean floor. We use the analytical solutions developed by J.L. Hammack, Jr. (1972, Tsunamis – A model of their generation and propagation, Ph.D. Dissertation, 261 pp., California Institute of Technology, Pasadena) to show that, in addition to its expected dependence on the source rise time, and even in the limiting case of an instantaneous source, the energy of the tsunami is controlled by the ratio of water depth to source size. For very large earthquakes, these results have no impact on the time-honored approximation which uses the static deformation of the ocean floor as a set of initial conditions of the surface displacements for numerical simulations, but they provide insight into the theoretical limits of this practice.
The Original Design Principles of the Y-Series Nonfullerene Acceptors, from Y1 to Y6

Since 2019, the power conversion efficiencies of organic photovoltaics have risen sharply from ∼13% to ∼19% because of the newly invented Y-series nonfullerene acceptors (Y-NFAs; mainly Y1 to Y6). However, comprehensive insights into the design principles behind these molecules have not been fully elucidated or explained in the literature. In this Perspective, I share our original insights into the understanding, prediction, and design principles of Y1 to Y6 and offer a brief history behind the discoveries of the Y-NFAs.
Neuropeptide Y overflow and metabolism in skeletal muscle arterioles

The purpose of this study was to characterize neuropeptide Y (NPY) overflow and metabolism from isolated skeletal muscle arterioles of female rats. Gastrocnemius first-order arterioles were removed from young (2 months), young adult (6 months) and middle-aged (12 months) F344 female rats. Arterioles were isolated, cannulated and pressurized in a microvessel bath with field stimulation electrodes. NPY overflow from isolated arterioles was assessed at 0 s and 30 s post-field stimulation. Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) activity was quantified via fluorometric assay of whole vessel homogenate. In young adult and middle-aged rats, NPY overflow increased 0 s and 30 s following field stimulation. In young adult rats, DPPIV inhibition resulted in an increase in NPY overflow at 30 s, while middle-aged rats had no increase in NPY overflow with DPPIV inhibition (P <0.05). DPPIV activity was influenced by factors such as age, vessel type, and endothelium (P <0.05). The present data suggest that DPPIV plays a significant role in modulating the actions of NPY in arterioles of young adult females; however, this role appears to diminish with age.
Rare myxoid dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans masquerading as a pilar cyst in a child.

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a rare, low-grade malignant neoplasm that rarely presents in children. It is locally aggressive with a high rate of recurrence. We describe a boy who presented with a slow-growing nodule that was thought to be a pilar cyst. Histopathologic examination provided the diagnosis of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans myxoid variant, which is one of the least common subtypes of DFSP.
The Correspondence Theory of Truth: An Essay on the Metaphysics of Predication

Acknowledgements Introduction 1. Universals, predication and truth 2. The univocity of truth 3. The correspondence theory for predicative sentences 4. Russell's theory of truth and its principal problems 5. How predicative beliefs correspond to the world 6. The metaphysics of facts 7. The metaphysics of propositions 8. The correspondence theory and complex propositions Bibliography Index.
Gestational age assessment. I. analysis of individual clinical observations

Accurate assessment of the estimated date of confinement is a cornerstone of obstetric care. Traditionally this date has been predicted from historical and clinical examinations; however, there have been few studies of the accuracy of such predictions. Multiple estimators of gestational age were examined in 418 patients who were delivered of infants weighting larger than or equal to 3,000 gm, following spontaneous onset of labor. Mean intervals from an event to delivery were calculated for last menstrual period (284.2 days), quickening (156.3 days), first audible fetal heart tones (136.2 days), uterine fundus at the umbilicus (140.8 days), and measurements of the fundal height. The variability in each of these estimators was examined and compared. The last menstrual period, if known with certainty, is the most accurate estimator, followed by the uterus at the umbilicus, first heard fetal heart tones, fundal height, and quickening.
Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging In Non-Lobar Hypertensive Intracerebral Hemorrhage (P5.136)

OBJECTIVE: To determine the diagnostic yield of brain MRI in patients with “typical” non-lobar hypertensive ICH. To determine the impact of the MRI findings on management. Hypothesis: The diagnostic yield of brain MRI in patients with typical non-lobar hypertensive ICH is low, and does not result in significant changes in management. BACKGROUND: Despite the increased use and availability of MRI, its role in intracerebral hemorrhage remains largely uncertain, resulting in significant variation in clinical practice amongst neurologists DESIGN/METHODS: Retrospective chart review (October ‘11 - March ‘13 admitted to OSUMC), ICD9 codes for ICH used to identify subjects. Inclusion criteria: Hematoma in a location typical for hypertensive ICH identified via initial head CT. History of HTN, OR patient presenting with sBP in excess of 180 mmHg Exclusion criteria: lobar ICH, known underlying vascular or structural abnormality, hemorrhage secondary to trauma or herniation, concomitant anti-coagulation, History of underlying coagulopathy, Hemorrhagic conversion of ischemic stroke, Associated non-parenchymal hemorrhage (i.e. SAH, SDH, IVH), no baseline head CT available RESULTS: 222 patients identified using ICD9 codes, 48 patients met inclusion criteria. 24 of 48 had brain MRI done as part of initial work-up. Brain MRI obtained in 3 out of 24 patients (12.5%) with non-lobar hypertensive ICH revealed abnormality not appreciated on initial head CT. Brain MRI obtained in 1 out of 24 patients (4%) with non-lobar hypertensive ICH resulted in an evidenced-based change of management (ASA d/c’ed in patient identified to have cerebral amyloid angiopathy) Based on one-sample z test statistical analysis, the yield of MRI leading to a change in management was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnostic yield of brain MRI in patients with typical non-lobar hypertensive ICH location is low, and does not appear to result in significant changes in management. MRI may be appropriate when there is high suspicion for amyloid angiopathy and the patient is on anti-platelet or anti-coagulant therapy. Disclosure: Dr. Adeli has nothing to disclose. Dr. Behrouz has nothing to disclose.
Literacy, Knowledge Production, and Grassroots Civil Society: Constructing Critical Responses to Neoliberal Dominance

Within the context of neoliberal globalization, portrayals of “literacy” and “knowledge” are increasingly emphasized for their instrumental value for individuals and markets. At the same time, locally situated movements have emerged to challenge, resist, and transform these representations. This article examines a grassroots movement in Mexico, the Feria Pedagogica (Pedagogical Fair), as one such site of contestation. Grounded in nonmainstream notions of “civil society,” this movement represents an alternative educational space where literacy practices are tied to the construction of counterhegemonic identities and epistemologies.[literacy, civil society, social movements, popular education, Mexico]
Interactions Between Macrophages of Guinea Pigs and Salmonellae III. Bactericidal Action and Cytophilic Antibodies of Macrophages of Infected Guinea Pigs

The fate of virulent Salmonella typhimurium within macrophages of guinea pigs was assessed by a suspended cell culture procedure. The present study confirmed that macrophages of normal guinea pigs were capable of inactivating the ingested salmonellae. Macrophages of previously infected guinea pigs were not endowed with any significant increase in their ability to eliminate the ingested pathogen. However, the immune macrophages were observed to clump together tightly when they were exposed to salmonellae. This phenomenon was attributed to the presence of specific cytophilic antibodies on the immune macrophages. When immune macrophages were inactivated with Merthiolate, they agglutinated with both the H and the O antigens of S. typhimurium, but not with the O antigens of other species of Salmonella nor with the O antigens of Escherichia coli. Cytophilic antibodies could be eluted from immune macrophages by incubation in the absence of immune serum. Conversely, cytophilic antibodies could be passively transferred onto normal macrophages by incubation in the presence of immune serum. Furthermore, using immune serum previously adsorbed with the O antigens of S. typhimurium, cytophilic antibodies against the H antigens alone could be transferred onto normal macrophages, or those against the O antigens alone could be eluted from immune macrophages. These data suggest that immune macrophages possess specific cytophilic antibodies against both the H and the O antigens of S. typhimurium. It is proposed that the presence of cytophilic antibodies on immune macrophages represents an expression of antibacterial cellular immunity by enhanced clumping and phagocytic activities of the macrophages.
A system for the quantitative analysis of human sperm motility.

Zusammenfassung Die Befruchtungsfahigkeit eines menschlichen Spermatozoons findet, mangels besserer Kriterien, am ehesten ihren Ausdruck in seiner Motilitat. Dementsprechend gibt die durchschnittliche Motilitat aller Spermatozoen in einem Ejakulat am besten Auskunft uber ihre Befruchtungsfahigkeit. Aufgrund der Bedeutung der Spermatozoen-Motilitat sind zahlreiche Versuche gemacht worden, geeignete Methoden zur objektiven, d. h. qualitativen Erfassung der Spermatozoen-Motilitat zu finden. Dieses Ziel wurde jedoch nur selten erreicht, und die erfolgreichen Methoden verlangten einen prohibitiv hohen Aufwand an menschlicher Zeit. Im Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena wurder jungst ein System zur Analyse von Bewegungen entwickelt. Dabei werden die auf Videoband aufgenommenen Vorgange in Digital-Daten transformiert und sodann in einem konventionellen Computer ausgewertet.
Epidemiological and pathological characteristics of cardiac tumors: a clinical study of 242 cases

The purpose of this study was to review the current clinical experience and pathological characteristics of cardiac tumors. We retrospectively reviewed 33,108 consecutive cases of cardiac operations performed at our institution from October 1996 to March 2005. There were 242 cases confirmed histologically as cardiac tumors. Among them, 234 patients were diagnosed with primary heart tumors, revealing a prevalence of 0.71% among the corresponding period cardiac operations. Of primary cardiac tumors, the incidence of benign neoplasm was much higher than malignant masses (90.6% vs. 9.4%, P<0.01). The most common benign cardiac tumor was myxoma (86.8%). Mesenchymoma and angiosarcoma were the most common primary malignant cardiac tumors. The prevalence rates of cardiac tumors were quite different among age groups. Rhabdomyoma and fibroma are prone to children. The number of female patients with myxoma was higher than that in male (P<0.01). Myxomas have a special predilection for the left atrium (93.5%). Benign non-myxoma tumors are more likely to occur in the ventricular (64.3%). The primary malignant tumors have a tendency to be of multi-center origination (23%). All the secondary cardiac tumors were located in the right side of the heart. This study, using a relatively large sample, reveals the clinical incidences and pathological characteristics of various cardiac tumors in the Chinese population.
Orthotopic pancreatic tumors detected by optoacoustic tomography using Syndecan-1

Abstract Background Advances in small animal imaging have improved the detection and monitoring of cancer in vivo ; although with orthotopic models, precise localization of tumors remains a challenge. In this study, we evaluated multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) as an imaging modality to detect pancreatic adenocarcinoma in an orthotopic murine model. Methods In vitro binding of Syndecan-1 probe to the human pancreatic cancer cell line S2VP10 was evaluated on flow cytometry. For in vivo testing, S2VP10 cells were orthotopically implanted into the pancreas of severe combined immunodeficiency mice. At 7 d after implantation, the mice were intravenously injected with Syndecan-1 probe, and tumor uptake was evaluated with MSOT at multiple time points. Comparison was made with a free-dye control, indocyanine green (ICG). Probe uptake was verified ex vivo with fluorescent imaging. Results Syndecan-1 probe demonstrated partial binding to S2VP10 cells in vitro. In vivo, Syndecan-1 probe preferentially accumulated in the pancreas tumor (480 MSOT a.u.) compared with off-target organs, including the liver (67 MSOT a.u.) and kidney (96 MSOT a.u.). Syndecan-1 probe accumulation peaked at 6 h (480 MSOT a.u.), whereas the ICG control dye failed to demonstrate similar retention within the tumor bed (0.0003 MSOT a.u.). At peak accumulation, signal intensity was 480 MSOT a.u., resulting in several times greater signal in the tumor bed than in the kidney or liver. Ex vivo fluorescent imaging comparing tumor signal with that within off-target organs confirmed the in vivo results. Conclusions MSOT demonstrates successful accumulation of Syndecan-1 probe within pancreatic tumors, and provides high-resolution images, which allow noninvasive, real-time comparison of signal within individual organs. Syndecan-1 probe preferentially accumulates within a pancreatic adenocarcinoma model, with minimal off-target effects.
The significance of variable and density‐independent post‐recruitment mortality in local populations of reef fishes

In this paper I focus on how post-settlement mortality may modify initial patterns of settlement in reef fish. Infrequent recruitment surveys may underestimate the role of early post-settlement mortality as most mortality in reef fishes occurs shortly after settlement. Consequently, results from infrequent recruitment surveys shed little light on the mechanisms producing patterns of abundance because these surveys ignore early post-settlement mortality. Variation in density-independent mortality may be a common mechanism that can prevent a positive relationship between larval settlement and subsequent population abundance. Although density-dependent mortality is the most commonly recognized mechanism that can disrupt the correlation between settlement and adult abundance, density-independent mortality’ can also destroy this correlation if the variance associated with post-settlement mortality is greater than variance in settlement. This point is illustrated with a simulation model in which I modelled two populations: a piscivorous fish population that was recruitment-limited with constant mortality, and a prey population that had variable recruitment and mortality that was a function of the size of the predator population. The results of this model indicate that even when mortality of prey is density-independent, predation can determine prey abundance when variation in piscivore recruitment is high relative to prey recruitment. Thus, initial patterns of prey settlement can be modified by a recruitment-limited predator population.
White matter fractional anisotropy and outcome in schizophrenia.

Abstract Objective Disparate white matter fractional anisotropy (FA) findings have been reported in patients with schizophrenia in recent years. This may in part reflect heterogeneity of subjects in the studies, including differences in outcome and severity of the illness. We examined whether there is a relationship between white matter FA and outcome in patients with schizophrenia. Method Diffusion-tensor images were obtained in 41 normal subjects and 104 patients with schizophrenia, divided into good-outcome ( n = 51) and poor-outcome (Kraepelinian; n = 53) subtypes based on their ability for self-care. White matter FA and its relationship to regional tissue volumes were evaluated across 40 individual Brodmann's areas using a semi-automated parcellation technique. Results Overall white matter FA was lower in schizophrenia patients than normal subjects, with regional reductions in widespread temporoparietal and selected prefrontal white matter regions. In schizophrenia patients, lower regional white matter FA was associated with lower regional gray matter volumes. In comparison to normal subjects, overall white matter FA was reduced in patients with poor outcomes in both hemispheres, but to a lesser extent and only in the right hemisphere in good-outcome patients. Lower regional FA was associated with larger regional white matter volumes in good-outcome group. Conclusions Global FA reductions implicate white matter as tissue type in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. In contrast to poor outcome, good outcome in schizophrenia patients may be associated with less extensive FA reductions, higher FA in regional frontal and cingulate white matter, and correlated increases in regional white matter volumes, particularly in the left hemisphere.
A Pilot Study of Novel Biomarkers in Neonates With Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy

Severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a devastating condition that can lead to mortality and long-term disabilities in term newborns. No rapid and reliable laboratory test exists to assess the degree of neuronal injury in these patients. We propose two possible biomarkers: 1) phosphorylated axonal neurofilament heavy chain (pNF-H) protein, one of the major subunits of neurofilaments, found only in axonal cytoskeleton of neurons and 2) Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase 1 (UCHL1 protein) that is heavily and specifically concentrated in neuronal perikarya and dendrites. High-serum pNF-H and UCHL1 levels are reported in subarachnoid hemorrhage and traumatic brain injury, suggesting that they are released into blood following neuronal injury. We hypothesized that serum pNF-H and UCHL1 were higher in neonates with moderate-to-severe HIE than in healthy neonates. A time-limited enrollment of 14 consecutive patients with HIE and 14 healthy controls was performed. UCHL1 and pNF-H were correlated with clinical data and brain MRI. UCHL1 and pNF-H serum levels were higher in HIE versus controls. UCHL1 showed correlation with the 10-min Apgar score, and pNF-H showed correlation with abnormal brain MRI. Our findings suggest that serum UCHL1 and pNF-H could be explored as diagnostic and prognostic tools in neonatal HIE.
Optical bistability induced by mirror absorption: measurement of absorption coefficients at the sub-ppm level

We have observed optical bistability caused by absorption-induced thermal expansion of mirrors forming a Fabry-Perot interferometer. From the resulting anomalous transmission line shapes, absorption coefficients of the mirror coatings as low as 0.2parts in 10(6) (ppm) have been successfully measured.
p-Kinks in the parametrically driven sine-Gordon equation and applications

Abstract Parametrically driven sine-Gordon equation with a mean-zero forcing is considered. It is shown that the system is well approximated by the double sine-Gordon equation using the normal form technique. The reduced equation possesses π-kink solutions, which are also observed numerically in the original system. This result is applied to domain walls dynamics in one-dimensional easy-plane ferromagnets. For such system the existence of π-kinks implies the “true” domain structure in the presence of high-frequency magnetic field.
Medical monitoring and diagnostics using ingestible capsule antennas: An exciting paradigm in bio-telemetry

Technological advancement over the past decade has enabled the use of smart capsules (electronic digestible pills) in biomedical applications. These systems help in the treatment and diagnosis of various diseases (GI tract diseases). This paper presents ingestible capsule antenna designs for smart pill systems suitable for medical monitoring and diagnostic applications in the exciting field of bio-telemetry. Firstly, an RFID bio-capsule tag is proposed for medicine monitoring purposes. The design of the tag is based on concept of inductive feed loop coupled to conformal meandered dipole. The tag performance is evaluated inside the human body in terms of impedance, radiation pattern and power reflection characteristics. The unique tag design matches to the chip impedance only when the tag is inside the human body. In the second part, a novel conformal planar offset meandered dipole capsule antenna is proposed for medical diagnostic procedures. The antenna performance is evaluated by studying the impedance, radiation, polarization and return loss characteristics inside the human body model. A link budget is evaluated to ensure successful and robust wireless telemetry.