cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A framework for generic modular ATMS/ATIS support in IVHS traffic simulation

The authors present an interface to facilitate traffic simulation of intelligent vehicle systems (IVHS) (Federal Highway Administration, 1991). Once a generic user interface is agreed upon and its standard calls established, reusable model building blocks that are portable across different traffic models could be developed. As a first step, parameter lists required for effectively simulating the advanced traveler information systems (ATIS) and/or the advanced traffic management systems (ATMS) are presented. These generic parameter lists facilitate the modular support of C-based control routines for both microscopic and mesoscopic traffic simulators. This coupling of vendor specific ATIS or ATMS control algorithms and architecture specification with existing traffic modeling tools, in this case the Integration and THOREAU traffic simulations, is a key capability in the initial evaluation and analysis of alternative IVHS architectures. This approach has been tested by The MITRE Corporation and is currently being used in the FHWA IVHS architecture study. This paper details the common data elements exchanged between a traffic simulator and user-coded IVHS algorithms to determine costs-benefits and measures-of-effectiveness (MOE) for a wide range of ATIS and ATMS implementation alternatives.
Working with Regulators to Improve the Standard of Care in Pain Management: The U.S. Experience

Pain management has become a priority in many aspects of health care in the United States in the past decade. There has been growing recognition that the undertreatment of pain is a major public health problem in the nation as studies have consistently shown poor control of all kinds of pain: postoperative and trauma pain, cancer pain, and chronic noncancer pain. 1–8 The impact of undertreatment on the health and welfare of Americans and on the systems and individuals that provide care has been well documented. The National Institutes of Health estimates the financial burden of pain to be over $100 billion per year in medical expenses, lost wages, and other costs. 9
Materialphilia, biophilia, and sustainable use of the planet

SUMMARY Conflicts over global resources involving war or terrorism, or both, destroy natural capital and, thus, make resources scarcer. Sustainable use of the planet will require a fairer, more equitable distribution of resources not only among humans but with the millions of other species with which humans share the planet. The quest for greater material possessions — materialphilia — is unsustainable on a finite planet that has a growing population and greater expectations per capita of material affluence. However, biophilia, the innately emotional affiliation of human beings to other living organisms, should, if widely practiced, result in a greater accumulation of natural capital. This strategy should lead to greater protection of the planet's ecological life support system, which is a primary need for sustainability. And he said unto them, Take heed and beware of covetousness: for a man's Life consisteth not in the abundance of the things which he possesseth. King James Version of the Bible, Luke 12:15
The Use of the Foreign Language in Teaching a Foreign Literature

THE following conclusions about foreign literature courses conducted in foreign languages are presented quite simply and dogmatically in the hope that they may be provocative. 1. It is desirable that the undergraduate curriculum offer such courses. Students with taste and aptitude for language study wish normally to maintain their contact with the language throughout the four years. This desire is particularly legitimate in the case of those who have some thought of teaching the language, unless of course we wish to widen that gulf between training and function which is one of the besetting sins of the language-teaching group. Some colleagues have seen in the desire to continue linguistic study a manifestation of the commercial spirit, an incursion of training into the domain of education. Such an objection, if we take it to mean that when Professor Cons (for example) enters the door, literature and culture fly out at the window, is best met with ridicule. Further, it is met by precisely the kind of course herein discussed. It is perfectly true that for the intellectually exigent student, "practical" courses in grammar and idiom, composition and conversation, are found to run thin in the junior and senior years. This is the point at which to profit by his natural desire to go on trying to do better the thing he loves to do, and by his sound intuition (not often enough found in professors) that the linguistic arts demand practice, by offering distinct "content" courses conducted in the foreign language. Theoretically, they could be on any subject under the sun. In practice, the advantage of their being either on the literature or on the civilization of the country whose language is being used is too obvious for development. 2. It is entirely feasible to conduct literature courses in a foreign language, without detriment to "culture", where instructor and students are properly qualified. The zeal with which this is denied will be found directly proportionate to the speaker's linguistic inability. Such courses are being successfully given every day. 3. There should be a single, not a double, set of aims for literature courses in English and for those in foreign language. A good literature course, in whatever language it be given, does at least three things. It familiarizes the student with a corpus of material, more or less factual. It reveals fresh points of view, perspectives that end in questions. It gives some notion of the methods of investigation by which the field may be explored
Sample sizes and model comparison metrics for species distribution models

a b s t r a c t Species distribution models use small samples to produce continuous distribution maps. The question of how small a sample can be to produce an accurate model generally has been answered based on comparisons to maximum sample sizes of 200 observations or fewer. In addition, model comparisons often are made with the kappa statistic, which has become controversial. Therefore, we used sample sizes ranging from 30 to 2500 individuals to model 16 tree species or species groups in Minnesota's Laurentian Mixed Forest. We compared all smaller sample sizes to models for 2500 records and then 1000 records using Cohen's kappa, Pearson's r, Cronbach's alpha, and two intraclass correlation coefficients. We then began confirmation of our findings by repeating the process using a smaller extent in a different area, a portion of Missouri's Central Hardwoods. Although there are disadvantages to using the kappa statistic and intraclass correlation coefficients, due to conversion to categories or computation limitations respectively, the model comparison metrics produced similar results. Comparison values depend on the maximum sample size, and at sample sizes roughly around 10-20% of the maximum sample size, values will begin to decrease more rapidly. Models may not be very accurate below a sample size of 200, for our study areas, extents, and grains. Nonetheless, models based on small sample sizes still may provide information for rare species. We recommend using the full sample available for modeling, after using a partial sample for accuracy assessment. Future research is needed to confirm our findings for different areas, extents, grains, and species.
The challenge-applying high performance military MMIC fabrication processes to price driven commercial products

Monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) technology has been perfected for applications in high-performance military systems. Even though the Cold War is over, regional conflict scenarios are easily visualized as highly probable and require that a strong free world defense force must be maintained to minimize the likelihood of major armed engagement. History teaches this same lesson as well. The need to maintain and expand the MMIC technology base for advanced defense systems is readily acknowledged; however, defense budget reductions are having the reverse effect. Commercial applications for MMIC technology are expanding and can help support the base. The challenge is to transfer a predominantly military driven technology into competitive commercial products in such a way that this technology pull will be synergistic with future defense system needs. This paper addresses the issue from a MMIC fabrication perspective. >
I. Epidemiology of adult non-Hodgkin lymphoma

The non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) are a heterogeneous group of malignancies arising from lymphoid tissue, with varied clinical and biological features. Many systems have been developed over time to classify NHL, reflecting the increased understanding of features of different types of the disease [1]. The extent to which the epidemiology of NHL may differ from one type to another is important to determine. The ability to address this issue depends on the use of an accurate and consistent classification system for these malignancies. Recent reviews of the epidemiology of NHL are available [2, 3].
An alternative telomerase RNA in Arabidopsis modulates enzyme activity in response to DNA damage

Telomerase replenishes telomere tracts by reiteratively copying its RNA template, TER. Unlike other model organisms, Arabidopsis thaliana harbors two divergent TER genes. However, only TER1 is required for telomere maintenance. Here we examine the function of TER2. We show that TER2 is spliced and its 39 end is truncated in vivo to generate a third TER isoform, TER2S. TERT preferentially associates with TER2 > TER1 > TER2S .M oreover, TER2 and TER2S assemble with Ku and POT1b (protection of telomeres), forming RNP (ribonucleoprotein) complexes distinct from TER1 RNP. Plants null for TER2 display increased telomerase enzyme activity, while TER2 overexpression inhibits telomere synthesis from TER1 and leads to telomere shortening. These findings argue that TER2 negatively regulates telomerase by sequestering TERT in a nonproductive RNP complex. Introduction of DNA double-strand breaks by zeocin leads to an immediate and specific spike in TER2 and a concomitant decrease in telomerase enzyme activity. This response is not triggered by replication stress or telomere dysfunction and is abrogated in ter2 mutants. We conclude that Arabidopsis telomerase is modulated by TER2, a novel DNA damageinduced noncoding RNA that works in concert with the canonical TER to promote genome integrity.
Randomly Duty-cycled Wireless Sensor Networks: Dynamics of Coverage

This paper studies wireless sensor networks that operate in low duty cycles, measured by the percentage of time a sensor is on or active. The dynamic change in topology as a result of such duty-cycling has potentially disruptive effect on the performance of the network. We limit our attention to a class of surveillance and monitoring applications and random duty-cycling schemes, and analyze certain coverage property. Specifically, we consider coverage intensity defined as the probability distribution of durations within which a target or an event is uncovered/unmonitored. We derive this distribution using a semi-Markov model, constructed using the superposition of alternating renewal processes. We also present the asymptotic (as the number of sensors approaches infinity) distribution of the target uncovered duration when at least one sensor is required to cover the target, and provide an asymptotic lower bound when multiple sensors are required to cover the target. The analysis using the semi-Markov model serves as a tool with which we can find suitable random duty-cycling schemes satisfying a given performance requirement. Our numerical observations show that the stochastic variation of duty-cycling durations affects performance only when the number of sensors is small, whereas the stochastic mean of duty-cycling durations impacts performance in all cases studied. We also show that there is a close relationship between coverage intensity and the measure of path availability, defined as the probability distribution of durations within which a path (of a fixed number of nodes) remains available. Thus the results presented here are readily applicable to the study of path availability in a low duty-cycled sensor network
Define Your Terms! Dictionaries, Medievals, and Thinking about Concepts

A good grasp of concepts is essential in every area of political science, not just in political theory. In what follows, I describe one pedagogical strategy I use to help students learn to define the concepts they work with. This strategy involves compiling a dictionary of key political concepts over the course of a semester. Encouraging students to compile a dictionary of concepts may prove to be a more helpful and flexible way of integrating course readings than a paper or an exam. Learning to compile a dictionary might serve as a supplement to covering key debates in a subfield, as a way of reinforcing a literature review, as a way of reflecting on the changing priorities of researchers, as an introduction to different methodological perspectives, or as a means of tracing the formation of a subfield. Here are
The changing epidemiology of malaria elimination: new strategies for new challenges

Malaria-eliminating countries achieved remarkable success in reducing their malaria burdens between 2000 and 2010. As a result, the epidemiology of malaria in these settings has become more complex. Malaria is increasingly imported, caused by Plasmodium vivax in settings outside sub-Saharan Africa, and clustered in small geographical areas or clustered demographically into subpopulations, which are often predominantly adult men, with shared social, behavioural, and geographical risk characteristics. The shift in the populations most at risk of malaria raises important questions for malaria-eliminating countries, since traditional control interventions are likely to be less effective. Approaches to elimination need to be aligned with these changes through the development and adoption of novel strategies and methods. Knowledge of the changing epidemiological trends of malaria in the eliminating countries will ensure improved targeting of interventions to continue to shrink the malaria map.
Seizures, brain damage and brain development

Recent evidence suggests that hippocampal damage can be both the result of seizure activity and the cause of further chronic epilepsy. A review of current models of status epilepticus-induced brain damage reveals that excitotoxic mechanisms probably mediate the lesions in most brain regions. NMDA receptors appear to play a dominant role, although non-NMDA glutamate receptors are important in several specific neuronal populations. In the immature brain, a number of unique metabolic features determine a different set of vulnerabilities, resulting in a brain which is more resistant than the adult's to certain mechanisms of brain damage, but quite vulnerable to others. The inhibition of growth by severe seizure activity has implications for the developing brain that have not yet been fully explored. The mechanisms by which seizure-induced hippocampal lesions cause chronic epilepsy have been explored in several recent animal models. A rearrangement of hippocampal circuits may result from death of selected populations of inhibitory neurons, or from misdirected regeneration by excitatory neurons. It could lead to chronic epilepsy through loss of normal inhibition, through sprouting of new excitatory connections, through conservation of excitatory connections which in a healthy brain would be pruned during development, or through facilitation of kindling by one of these mechanisms. These recent results are beginning to reconcile the pathology seen in human hippocampi ablated for intractable epilepsy with that observed in experimental animals, and offer the promise of even greater advances in the future. They suggest a mechanism for Gower's dictum that "seizures beget seizures" and highlight the importance of the interneurons of the dentate gyrus in epileptogenesis.
Leachates from an invasive shrub causes risk-prone behavior in a larval amphibian.

Invasive plants influence the quality of habitats they invade by transforming the physical structure of forests and changing the chemi-cal composition of aquatic environments. Prey may accept higher predation risk as they manage lower quality environments caused by invasive plants. Leachates from invasive Amur honeysuckle cause American toad tadpoles to swim to the surface, which may alter typical antipredator freezing behaviors and expose tadpoles to detection by predators. We use a factorial laboratory experi-ment to condition individual tadpoles to leaf leachates made from honeysuckle, native trees, or a water control followed by exposure to experimental arenas with one of 3 chemical cues (2 predator species or control water). Toad tadpoles increased their latency to move (freezing) and had a lower total movement to predator cues. In contrast, latency to move was faster in response to honeysuckle leachates, but leaf leachates had no influence on total movement activity. Tadpoles did not change surfacing frequency to predator cues but increased surfacing to honeysuckle leachate. The combined effect of predator cue and leachate treatment had no influence on behaviors. Although honeysuckle leachate is stressful to toad tadpoles, increased surfacing does not preclude the exhibition of typical antipredator behaviors (decreased movement). However, honeysuckle induced a risk-prone response of increased surfacing, even in the presence of predator cues. As tadpoles endure physiological costs from honeysuckle, they may suffer elevated exposure to detection by predators. Our work provides insight into how invasive plants may have indirect effects on native communities by altering animal behaviors.
Characterization of patient specific signaling via augmentation of bayesian networks with disease and patient state nodes

Characterization of patient-specific disease features at a molecular level is an important emerging field. Patients may be characterized by differences in the level and activity of relevant biomolecules in diseased cells. When high throughput, high dimensional data is available, it becomes possible to characterize differences not only in the level of the biomolecules, but also in the molecular interactions among them. We propose here a novel approach to characterize patient specific signaling, which augments high throughput single cell data with state nodes corresponding to patient and disease states, and learns a Bayesian network based on this data. Features distinguishing individual patients emerge as downstream nodes in the network. We illustrate this approach with a six phospho-protein, 30,000 cell-per-patient dataset characterizing three comparably diagnosed follicular lymphoma, and show that our approach elucidates signaling differences among them.
Shortwave Radiative Effects of Unactivated Aerosol Particles in Clouds.

Abstract Clouds in some polluted areas may contain high concentrations of anthropogenic aerosol particles. The possible role of these particles in perturbing the optical and dynamical properties of the clouds is an important question for climate studies. The direct radiative effects of unactivated aerosol particles in stable stratus clouds have been calculated at λ = 0.5 μm. Several simplifying assumptions have been made relating the behavior of such particles in the high humidity environment within the cloud to their physicochemical make-up. It is shown that the energy absorbed by particles within the clouds may be, for realistic concentrations, comparable to the latent heat released and thus may play a significant role in cloud dynamics in some areas. These results are shown to be relatively insensitive to the assumptions about the particle properties within the cloud.
How Big is a Giant? The Importance of Method in Estimating Body Size of Extinct Mammals

Estimating body size of extinct mammals presents problems when size can be estimated only by extrapolation. I examined the influence of phylogenetic, biomechanical, and statistical assumptions on body size estimates for 2 species of fossil castorids, the Pleistocene ‘‘giant’’ beaver Castoroides and the fossorial Miocene beaver Palaeocastor. Prior descriptions of Castoroides as ‘‘black-bear sized’’ were greatly exaggerated; new analyses estimated body masses at 60‐100 kg. Estimates for Palaeocastor were similar to previously published estimates (0.8‐1.2 kg). Biologically realistic size estimates were based on femur length and on interspecific data covering a wide range of body mass; skull length measurements or extrapolations from an ontogenetic single-species data set resulted in excessively large body mass estimates. Body mass must be estimated with due attention to the choice of both morphological trait and reference taxa.
ULTRASTRUCTURAL ASPECTS OF THE FUNCTION OF RABBIT β-CELLS*

β-cell secretory granules generally are considered to be the numerous diffusely distributed cytoplasmic single membrane limited vacuoles with electron dense central body (dense granules) which are visualized ultramicroscopically in the cytoplasm. However, rabbit β-cell cytoplasm also shows equally numerous vacuoles partly translucent and partly filled with moderately dense material (pale granules). These latter granules appear more prominent after double staining with uranyl acetate and lead hydroxide, as well as after double fixation with glutaraldehyde and osmium. In normal rabbits images were noted indicating origin of both dense and pale granules from the endoplasmic reticulum. Stimulation of β-cells by cortisone induced hyperglycemia or sulfonylurea administration caused loss of dense and pale granules from the cytoplasm, with concomitant reduction of aldehyde-fuchsin staining. However, residual, mostly pale, granules were aligned at cell membranes. Immunohistochemical staining with fluorescein conjugated guinea-pig anti-bovine-insulin serum showed specific staining of β-cell cytoplasmic granules at cell borders paralleling that observed with aldehyde-fuchsin. The findings suggest that both dense and pale granules contain insulin but possibly in differing chemical or physical states and that pale as well as dense granules may liberate their contents to the extracellular space.
Some Observations on the Programs of and Participation of Nations in Three Recent International Congresses of Entomology

Increase in the importance of entomology as a science and as a technology has resulted in an increasing number of entomologists and entomological research results. This situation in the United States can be seen by the increasing membership of the Entomological Society of America and the increasing size of its publications. On a world scale, programs of and participation in the International Congress of Entomology would serve as a basis for detecting the trend of changes.
Metabolomics and renal disease.

Purpose of review This review summarizes recent metabolomics studies of renal disease, outlining some of the limitations of the literature to date.
Yersinia enterocolitica abscess of the transverse colon. Report of a case.

Yersinia enterocoliticaabscess of the bowel is a rare entity. Only five cases have previously been reported—none in the surgical literature. A unique presentation forYersiniainfection, abscess of the transverse colon, is described, and the literature ofY. enterocoliticaintestinal perforation and abscess is reviewed.
SU-G-TeP4-02: A Method for Evaluating the Direct Impact of Failed IMRT QAs On Patient Dose

Purpose: We developed a method to calculate patient doses corresponding to IMRT QA measurements in order to determine and assess the actual dose delivered for plans with failed (or borderline) IMRT QA. This work demonstrates the feasibility of automatically computing delivered patient dose from portal dosimetry measurements in the Varian TPS system, which would provide a valuable and clinically viable IMRT QA tool for physicists and physicians. Methods: IMRT QA fluences were measured using portal dosimetry, processed using in-house matlab software, and imported back into Eclipse to calculate dose on the planning CT. To validate the proposed workflow, the Eclipse calculated portal dose for a 5-field sliding window prostate boost plan was processed as described above. The resulting dose was compared to the planned dose and found to be within 0.5 Gy. Two IMRT QA results for the prostate boost plan (one that failed and one that passed) were processed and the resulting patient doses were evaluated. Results: The max dose difference between IMRT QA #1 and the original planned and approved dose is 4.5 Gy, while the difference between the planned and IMRT QA #2 dose is 4.0 Gy. The inferior portion of the PTV is slightly underdosed in both plans, and the superior portion is slightly overdosed. The patient dose resulting from IMRT QA #1 and #2 differs by only 0.5 Gy. With this new information, it may be argued that the evaluated plan alteration to obtain passing gamma analysis produced clinically irrelevant differences. Conclusion: Evaluation of the delivered QA dose on the planning CT provides valuable information about the clinical relevance of failed or borderline IMRT QAs. This particular workflow demonstrates the feasibility of pushing the measured IMRT QA portal dosimetry results directly back onto the patient planning CT within the Varian system.
Graphical user interfaces and automatic generation of sequential and parallel code for scientific computing

Recent developments in combining symbolic, numeric, and graphics computing techniques in an integrated environment are described. These are: (1) symbolic derivation of numerical code for finite-element analysis; (2) automatic numeric code generation based on derived formulas; (3) generation of parallel code; and (4) graphical user interfaces for mathematical systems. Several software packages are also described. >
In Silico Prediction of HLA-Associated Drug Hypersensitivity

Adverse drug reactions are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality with estimated annual inpatient costs of over $100 billion in the US alone. A growing number of the most severe adverse reactions, termed idiosyncratic drug hypersensitivities, are observed to be immune system mediated with genetic associations to specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms of the majority of these associations, which critically hinders preventative action. With combined in silico and in vitro approach we have demonstrated that the antiviral drug abacavir can bind the antigen binding cleft of HLA-B∗57:01 and alter its specificity for self-peptides presented to T cells. This finding, which has been independently reproduced, supports an “altered peptide repertoire model” for HLA-B∗57:01 - abacavir hypersensitivities and explains allele specificity. A critical barrier to examining the generality of this model is our inability to experimentally test the nearly 100 possible combinations between major HLA variants and a single drug. The need for multiple drug assessment further compounds tractability. Computational screening approaches that can better focus experiments are thus highly desired. Here we describe the combined application of molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation and binding free energy calculations to enable an in silico prediction of HLA-drug associations. The predictive power of our approach is tested on a set of drugs with known HLA-linked hypersensitivity reactions. These include abacavir with B∗57:01, the gout prophylactic allopurinol with B∗58:01, the antiepileptic carbamazepine with B∗15:02, and the antiglaucoma methazolamide with B∗59:01. For these drugs the variant specific residue-wise determinants of HLA-drug interactions are identified. Our studies represent a first step toward the development of a preclinical screening process that aims to identify drugs with a high risk of causing drug hypersensitivity.
Frequency-domain optical tomographic image reconstruction algorithm with the simplified spherical harmonics (SP3) light propagation model.

Abstract We introduce here the finite volume formulation of the frequency-domain simplified spherical harmonics model with n-th order absorption coefficients (FD-SPN) that approximates the frequency-domain equation of radiative transfer (FD-ERT). We then present the FD-SPN based reconstruction algorithm that recovers absorption and scattering coefficients in biological tissue. The FD-SPN model with 3rd order absorption coefficient (i.e., FD-SP3) is used as a forward model to solve the inverse problem. The FD-SP3 is discretized with a node-centered finite volume scheme and solved with a restarted generalized minimum residual (GMRES) algorithm. The absorption and scattering coefficients are retrieved using a limited-memory Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno (L-BFGS) algorithm. Finally, the forward and inverse algorithms are evaluated using numerical phantoms with optical properties and size that mimic small-volume tissue such as finger joints and small animals. The forward results show that the FD-SP3 model approximates the FD-ERT (S12) solution within high accuracy; the average errors in the phase (
Drug-induced hyperlactatemia

AbstractBackground: Hyperlactatemia is common in critically ill patients and has a variety of etiologies. Medication toxicity remains an uncommon cause that providers often fail to recognize. In this article, we review several medications that cause hyperlactatemia in either therapeutic or supratherapeutic dosing. When known, the incidence, mortality, pathophysiology, and treatment options are discussed.Methods: We performed a literature search using PUBMED and Google Scholar for English language articles published after 1980 regarding medication induced hyperlactatemia and its management. Our search string resulted in 798 articles of which 138 articles met inclusion criteria and were relevant to the topic of our review.Conclusions: Hyperlactatemia is a relatively rare but life-threatening toxicity of various medication classes. Discontinuation of the drug is always advised, and some toxicities are subject to specific antidotal treatment. If there is no apparent medical cause for hyperlactatemia (sepsis, ...
The confirmed realities and myths about the benefits and costs of 3D visualization and virtual reality in discrete event modeling and simulation

Confirmed realities versus myths of 3D/VR in discrete-event simulation and modeling.The 3D/VR improves model quality and contradicts the claims that it adds no value.The 3D/VR is highly potent for model validation, verification, and experimentation.The 3D/VR is significantly valuable for analysis and presentation of results.Creating the 3D/VR model is complex, takes longer, but enhances the project quality. The past seventeen years has witnessed a significant transformation in discrete event modeling and simulation, and the introduction of new modeling methodology based on three-dimensional (3D) visualization and virtual reality (VR) technologies. While several studies demonstrate the benefits and costs of 3D and VR modeling in discrete event simulation (DES) based on empirical evidence, others rely on anecdotal evidence and experience from practice. Further, there are still some unsubstantiated claims about the gains and challenges arising from the application of 3D and VR technologies in DES. This paper synthesizes the realized benefits and costs associated with modeling and simulation in 3D and VR while differentiating the realities from claims (myths). The results show that 3D and VR techniques offer significant benefits in the major modeling and simulation tasks than speculated among practitioners in the simulation community.
The law of unintended consequences: current design challenges in inferior vena cava filters.

Introduction: Venous thromboembolic disease (VTD) encompassing deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) is a commonly encountered condition with potentially fatal sequelae. When unabl...
Introduction to Whittle (1953) The Analysis of Multiple Stationary Time Series

During the 1940s and 1950s the subject of statistical time series analysis matured from a scattered collection of methods into formal branch of statistics. Much of the mathematical groundwork was laid down and many of the practical methods were developed during this period. The foundations of the field were developed by individuals whose names are familiar to most statisticians: Yule, Wold, Wiener, and Kolmogorov. Interestingly, many of the methodological techniques that originated 40 to 50 years ago still play a principal role in modern time-series analysis. A key participant in this golden-age of time-series analysis was Peter Whittle.
Neuropsychology Outcomes Following Trephine Epilepsy Surgery: The Inferior Temporal Gyrus Approach for Amygdalohippocampectomy in Medically Refractory Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy.

BACKGROUND Surgery is indicated in cases of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy(MTLE) that are refractory to medical management. The inferior temporal gyrus (ITG) approach provides access to the mesial temporal lobe (MTL) structures with minimal tissue disruption. Reported neuropsychology outcomes following this approach are limited. OBJECTIVE To report neuropsychological outcomes using an ITG approach to amygdalohippocampectomy (AH) in patients with medically refractory MTLE based on a prospective design. METHODS Fifty-four participants had Engel class I/II outcome following resection of MTL using the ITG approach. All participants had localization-related epilepsy confirmed by long-term surface video-electroencephalography and completed pre/postsurgical evaluations that included magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), Wada test or functional MRI, and neuropsychology assessment. RESULTS Clinical semiology/video-electroencephalography indicated that of the 54 patients, 28 (52%) had left MTLE and 26 (48%) had right MTLE. Dominant hemisphere resections were performed on 23 patients (43%), nondominant on 31(57%). Twenty-nine (29) had pathology-confirmed mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS). Group level analyses found declines in verbal memory for patients with language-dominant resections (P .05). CONCLUSION Neuropsychology outcomes of an ITG approach for selective mesial temporal resection are comparable to other selective AH techniques showing minimal adverse cognitive effects. These data lend support to the ITG approach for selective AH as an option for MTLE.
Chapter 1 – Silicon Carbide Materials for Biomedical Applications

Silicon carbide is a well-known wide-bandgap semiconductor traditionally used in power electronics and solid-state lighting due to its extremely low intrinsic carrier concentration and high thermal conductivity. What is not as well known is its compatibility with the biological world. Since publication of the first edition of Silicon Carbide Biotechnology: A Biocompatible Semiconductor for Advanced Biomedical Devices and Applications 5 years ago, significant progress has been made on numerous research and development fronts. We start this edition by completing the in vitro bio- and hemocompatibility story from the first edition by adding new data on 3C–SiC and adding, for the first time, data on amorphous SiC (a-SiC). This is followed by a chapter devoted to graphene functionalization for biosensor applications. Next, some very interesting works on the use of SiC for biosensors and continuous glucose monitoring are reported. Since the first edition significant progress has been made in the development of SiC for neural implants. a-SiC has been successfully implemented as a robust neural interface coating and 3C–SiC is being advanced as a complete material for implantable neural interfaces. This edition closes with two very comprehensive works on the use of SiC nanowires for use in biotechnology and DNA assays.
Transformation of Mouse Fibroblast (T3T) Cells Employing the Oncogenic Simian Virus 40 (SV40) for Evaluation of Anticancer Compounds

Infection of 3T3 cells by SV40 virus was studied. SV40 produced in permissive cells a carrier state that progressed to the transformed state. Carrageenan was shown to block the immune response partially. A measure of the relative inhibition of normal and transformed 3T3 cells could be a test of the effectiveness of potential anticancer drugs in selectively inhibiting cancer cells and thus offers a possible screening procedure for potential anticancer drugs.
Underground Water in Human Affairs

When the molten rocks of the earth's crust solidified they must have been covered by a universal ocean with a dense atmosphere above. The distribution of water upon the earth, however, has repeatedly changed through the ages, even after continental evolution, and Appleton has been covered by ancient oceans at least four times. The history of mankind and development of civilization has always been related to the distribution of water. Today water is the major control in location of cities and industrial centers for the power it furnishes as well as for drinking and means must be found to preserve its sanitation and to increase the supply if such places continue expansion.
Obesity, Inflammation, and Breast Cancer

Obesity, which is rising in incidence worldwide, is important with regard to the treatment of breast cancer, disease progression, and carcinogenesis. Obesity is a risk factor for the development of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer in postmenopausal women and is associated with reduced benefits from treatment. Furthermore, irrespective of breast cancer subtype, obesity is associated with worse outcomes after diagnosis. There is increasing evidence of specific biological underpinnings for these observations, including higher circulating estrogen levels, insulin resistance, altered levels of adipokines, and the consequences of chronic in-breast inflammation. Increasing adiposity also has important implications for local therapy including surgery and radiotherapy. This chapter reviews the complex interactions between obesity and breast cancer.
Biosystematics and Interspecific Hybridization

The genus Trifolium L. has been divided into eight sections (Zohary and Heller, 1984). Although numerous Trifolium species are utilized by grazing animals in their native habitat, only about 11 species are used to any extent in planted pastures. Of these 11, T. vesiculosum Savi, arrowleaf clover, is in section Mistyllus (C. Presl) Godr., T. subterraneum L., sub clover, is in section Trichocephalum Koch., and T. resupinatum L., persian clover, is in section Vesicaria Crantz. Of the remaining eight species, T repens L., white clover, T. hybridum L., alsike clover, T. nigrescens Viv., ball clover, and T. ambiguum M.B., kura clover are members of section Lotoidea Crantz.. The remaining four species, T. alexandrinum L., berseem clover, T incarnatum L., crimson clover, T. hirtum All., rose clover, and T. pratense L., red clover are placed in section Trifolium Zoh. T. pratense was selected by Zohary and Heller (1984) as the type species (lectotype) of the genus.
A Pathways Approach to the Metabolic Syndrome

Psychosocial factors interact with genetics, environment, and lifestyle to increase risk for the metabolic syndrome (essential hypertension, Type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and obesity). Patients with the metabolic syndrome often suffer from anxious and depressive symptoms, negatively affecting motivation for self-management. A biopsychosocial approach is important in the care of patients such as Carmella, the case described in this chapter. Treatment of this multifaceted chronic disorder is complex and is best coordinated among multiple specialists and in addition requires the active participation of the patient. Based on the Pathways Model, the mental health provider’s role is to empower the patient in effective self-management. Psychophysiological therapies offer the opportunity for regulation of physiological stress responses, engaging the relaxation response. Patients learn to make daily decisions which benefit their short- and long-term health. The psychotherapies, particularly cognitive behavioral therapy are consistent with the theme of self-awareness, patient choices, and significant changes in behavior. One of the complementary therapies, Reiki is also utilized by Carmella to achieve her goal of better metabolic control.
Phase II study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of rilotumumab and bevacizumab (BEV) in subjects with recurrent malignant glioma (MG).

2074^ Background: Prognosis of recurrent MG remains poor with a median survival of 3-9 months. Few evidence based treatments are available and response rates have been < 20% with 6 month progressio...
Effective Self-Determination Practices for Students with Disabilities: Implications for Students with Visual Impairments:

Introduction:Given the lack of self-determination research and curricula focusing on children and youths with visual impairments (i.e., those who are blind or have low vision), the purpose of this ...
Bruce Lee as director and the star as author

This article examines Bruce Lee’s films as a director as well as his influence on films in which he starred. Using Richard Dyer’s “star studies” framework in conjunction with Patrick McGilligan’s n...
Outcomes of Depression Screening for Adolescents Accessing Pediatric Primary Care-Based Services.

Abstract Purpose Assess outcomes of depression screening among adolescents accessing pediatric primary care-based services. These findings will contribute to development of clinical protocols for depression screening and intervention in primary care settings. Design and methods Retrospective chart review conducted via electronic medical records at a pediatric primary care-based clinic to extract PHQ-9 data for adolescents screened from 1/17/2018 to 4/18/2018. De-identified data included age, gender, ethnicity, provider, PHQ-9, and referral/follow-up/medication status. Results Data included 1213 adolescents of whom N = 600 were depressed without additional comorbidities; 96 adolescents had PHQ-9 scores >5. Descriptive analyses by age, gender, ethnicity, referral type, follow-up, and provider services identified targeted primary care-based interventions for depression and referral. Depression screening occurred primarily at well child visits. 82.5% of those with PHQ-9 scores >5 were not currently receiving treatment. Overall, referrals by physicians (45.8%) and nurse practitioners (42.9%) were equivalent with more referrals for adolescents with moderate-severe depression. Nurse practitioners provided more counseling than physicians among adolescents with mild to moderate depression. Conclusions Adolescent mental health necessitates an enhanced continuum of care. Primary care-based interventions provided by pediatric nurse practitioners are imperative to address adolescent mental health needs. Findings provide practical means to incorporate protocols for depression enhancing primary care-based mental health access. Practice implications Need for incorporation of practical modalities for depression assessment and follow up as recommended by American Academy of Pediatrics. Future study for comparison of methods (phone/text reminder, follow up appointment, online resource reminder, telehealth), indicated to enhance follow-up care for adolescents experiencing depression.
The immunomodulatory effect of curcumin in sepsis

Sepsis has become a widespread and very complex issue for modern critical care medicine.It is undoubtedly of great theoretical and clinical significance that we should strengthen the study of sepsis and explore new treatments and drugs.It has been found that curcumin had anti-tumor,anti-inflammatory,anti-virus,antibacterial,antioxidant and other pharmacological effects,low toxicity,and a good potential for clinical application.Moreover,it was thought to be potentially immunomodulatory in the last two decades.A number of experimental studies had elicited that curcumin could be used for sepsis and septic shock.This article reviews the immune regulation mechanism of curcumin in sepsis. Key words: Sepsis; Curcumin; Immunoregulation
Dinner timing and human capital investments in children

Although previous research documents that having dinner together as a family positively relates to long-run child and family outcomes, one aspect of family dinner that has not been explored previously is the role that dinner timing may play in facilitating or hindering parental time investments in their children. We use time diary data for roughly 41,000 families from the nationally representative American Time Use Survey (2003–2019) to examine whether the timing of family dinner is correlated with differential parental time investments in children during the evening. We find that parents who start dinner as a family before the median time (6:15 p.m.) spend more quality time in the evening with their children, including more time reading and playing with their children. The relationship cannot be explained by observable family constraints, as it is stable regardless of parental labor force activity and the day of the week. Additionally, parents who eat dinner later do not reallocate quality time to other times of the day. These findings suggest that having dinner earlier may be an important mechanism facilitating parental time investments in children.
Attention for the Inattentive: Positive Effects of Negative Financial Shocks

Using unique data on employee ownership plans, we find that negative shocks lead to changes in portfolio choices among previously inattentive investors. Employees within employee ownership plans did not actively select into ownership, but instead received grants upon employment. Many employees remain initially passive within these plans. However, following the 2008 Financial Crisis, they become more likely to exercise options, sell restricted stock, and participate in an Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP). These changes likely improve welfare. For example, nonparticipation in an ESPP leaves money on the table. Our results improve our understanding of how investors’ personal return experiences affect investment choices. Negative shocks can increase attention among previously passive investors, yielding decisions that are closer to the optimum.