cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fall Diet and Bathymetric Distribution of Deepwater Sculpin (Myoxocephalus thompsonii) in Lake Huron

Deepwater sculpin Myoxocephalus thompsonii are an important component of Great Lake's offshore benthic food webs. Recent declines in deepwater sculpin abundance and changes in bathymetric distribution may be associated with changes in the deepwater food web of Lake Huron, particularly, decreased abundance of benthic invertebrates such as Diporeia. To assess how deepwater sculpins have responded to recent changes, we examined a fifteen-year time series of spatial and temporal patterns in abundance as well as the diets of fish collected in bottom trawls during fall of 2003, 2004, and 2005. During 1992–2007, deepwater sculpin abundance declined on a lake-wide scale but the decline in abundance at shallower depths and in the southern portion of Lake Huron was more pronounced. Of the 534 fish examined for diet analysis, 97% had food in the stomach. Mysis, Diporeia, and Chironomidae were consumed frequently, while sphaerid clams, ostracods, fish eggs, and small fish were found in only low numbers. We found an inverse relationship between prevalence of Mysis and Diporeia in diets that reflected geographic and temporal trends in abundance of these invertebrates in Lake Huron. Because deepwater sculpins are an important trophic link in offshore benthic food webs, declines in population abundance and changes in distribution may cascade throughout the food web and impede fish community restoration goals.
The Subjective Experience of the Subjective Experience of Forgetfulness among Elders

Although concern by elders about personal forgetfulness has been well documented, the elders' experience of forgetfulness has not been studied. Nine elder volunteers participated in this grounded theory study. The resultant beginning of a substantive theory of the personal or subjective experience of forgetfulness describes how elders, when faced with perceived forgetfulness, engage in a three-phase iterative process of self-assessment, coping, and reassessment. The goal of this process is the maintenance of a sense of self, or "continuing to be who I am," through actions aimed at maintaining identity continuity and personal competence. Possible interventions suggested by this theory include activities to (a) assist elders in improving their self-esteem, (b)facilitate the development of new role scripts enabling the maintenance of valued roles, and (c) teach alternative strategies for coping with forgetting.
Assessment of Anxiety in Older Home Care Recipients

Purpose: This study determined the psychometric properties of a variety of anxiety measures administered to older adults receiving home care services. Design and Methods: Data were collected from 66 adults aged 65 years and older who were receiving home care services. Participants completed self-report and clinician-rated measures of anxiety and diagnostic interviews for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Results: Most measures demonstrated acceptable psychometric properties. All of the measures showed excellent interrater reliability to support verbal administration, which is the typical mode of assessment in home care. The ease of use for each measure (e.g., time of administration) was also evaluated. The Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI) demonstrated the strongest and the Beck Anxiety Inventory the weakest psychometric properties. The GAI and the GAD screening questions from The Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders (PRIME-MD) Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) demonstrated the greatest utility in screening for anxiety disorders (either GAD or anxiety disorder not otherwise specified). Implications: These data support the use of anxiety measures within a geriatric home care setting. The strengths and weaknesses of each measure are discussed to facilitate selection of the optimal measure depending upon assessment goals and available resources.
Restaurant tipping and service quality A tenuous relationship

Abstract The connection between service quality and tip sizes is tenuous at best, as shown by an analysis of 14 studies (involving 2,645 dining parties at 21 different restaurants) that examined the relationship between service and tips. The meta-analysis of the studies sought to statistically combine 24 correlations between tipping and service. While the studies taken together found that, indeed, tips increased with the perceived quality of service, the relationship was weak enough to raise doubts about the use of tips to motivate servers, measure server performance, or identify dissatisfied customers.
D. Rossini, Woodrow Wilson and the American Myth in Italy: Culture, Diplomacy, and War Propaganda

Combining cultural and diplomatic history, Daniela Rossini explains why Italians became quickly disillusioned with President Woodrow Wilson after the First World War. Before the war, American myths...
Mechanistic studies of cAMP-dependent protein kinase action.

AbstractThe chemistry of the catalytic subunit of type-II cAMP-dependent protein kinase has been probed employing kinetic studies, magnetic resonance methods, and stereochemical techniques. The active complex is an enzyme-ATP-metal bridge. The enzyme acts on the Δ-isomer of β,γ-bidentate Co(NH3)4 ATP and the A isomer of the Mg++ complex of β-thio ATP. Through a combination of kinetic and NMR studies using a variety of hepatapeptide substrates, α-helical, β-pleated sheet, and some β-turn conformations have been ruled out for the enzyme-bound peptide substrates. However, β2–5 and β3–6 turn conformations remain possible and are being examined further. Finally, the introduction of a new peptide substrate Leu-Arg-Arg-Tyr(o-NO2)-Ser-Leu-Gly, which on phosphorylation undergoes a spectral change that can be readily monitored, has permitted extensive kinetic studies with chemically modified catalytic subunits which are helping to clarify the active site requirements of the enzyme.
Investigating the Impact of Designing and Implementing Culturally Aligned Technological Systems on Educators' Ideologies.

Culturally sensitive educational technologies may be able to help improve under- represented students' learning and engagement when they are deployed in the classroom. How- ever, there may be challenges integrating these systems into the classroom when the cultural components they incorporate are heavily stigmatized in contemporary socie- ty. In this on-going work, we are using an action research approach to investigate how involving teachers in the design of these technologies may not only affect the effec- tiveness of these interventions on students, but also teachers' own ideologies sur- rounding the targeted stigmatized cultural components.
Tripsacum dactyloides (Gramineae) Seedlings for Host Plant Resistance to the Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Mature plants and cuttings of Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) have shown resistance to western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, larvae. The purpose of our study was to evaluate seedling-stage T. dactyloides for resistance to western corn rootworm larvae. Two evaluations were conducted using 50- to 56-d-old T. dactyloides seedlings and maize, Zea mays L., checks. In the 1st evaluation, rootworm larvae, 4, 5, and 6 wk after infestation, weighed significantly less than feeding on T. dactyloides when compared with larvae feeding on the maize checks. In the 2nd evaluation, only 3 larvae were found on a total of 20 T. dactyloides seedlings, whereas the susceptible maize controls averaged >1 larva per plant. These results indicate the presence of com rootworm resistance in T. dactyloides seedlings that may be transferable into commercial maize.
Board Stability and Independence Reduce Volatility in Firm Revenues

Research has long considered how a board of directors influences its firm’s performance. More recently, social, institutional, and legislative emphasis on stakeholder benefits and sound corporate g...
Demonstration of 2-Tbit/s Data Link using Orthogonal Orbital-Angular-Momentum Modes and WDM

We present a 2-Tbit/s data link using two orthogonal orbital angular momentum (OAM) spatial modes with 25 wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) channels on each mode. We demonstrate the functionality and quantify performance for directly detected 40-Gbit/s NRZ-DPSK, 40-Gbit/s NRZ-OOK and coherently-detected 10-Gbaud/s QPSK modulation formats.
Heritability of prostate cancer: a tale of rare variants and common single nucleotide polymorphisms.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common non-skin cancer men in developed countries. Despite years of research, no strong modifiable risk factor for PCa has been found. The two most significant cancer risk factors, smoking and obesity, do not appear to be strong risk factors for PCa. A recent systematic review and meta-analysis summarized the current literature of tobacco use and PCa mortality and incidence (1). This meta-analysis included 51 cohort studies (50,349 incident cases and 4,082,606 cohort participants) and found a dichotomized association between smoking and PCa risk. Current smoking was associated with an increased risk of PCa [rate ratio (RR): 1.06; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.98–1.15] in studies completed in 1995 or earlier [before the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening era], and a reduced risk of PCa (RR: 0.84, 95% CI, 0.79–0.89) in studies completed afterward (after the wide spread of PSA screening).
Securitization and the Growth of Subprime Mortgage Lending

Did private mortgage securitization contribute causally to the recent subprime lending boom, or was it simply a slightly more convenient way to finance lending that would have occurred anyway? We exploit a natural experiment in which the S&P rating agency increased costs of securitizing specific types of mortgages from certain states. We find significant reductions in total originations of affected mortgage types following the change, suggesting that securitization played a causal role in fueling mortgage expansion. We also, however, find suggestive evidence for an increase in mortgages held on books of financial institutions that partially offset the restriction of securitization.
Utilization and evaluation of noncore chemotherapy regimens within an academic medical center

Uniformity of evidence-based chemotherapy prescribing using approved, standard, or "core" regimens provides systems-based safety. Noncore chemotherapy regimens are non-standard-of-care regimens requested by physicians on a patient-by-patient basis. Chemotherapy Council, a Pharmacy & Therapeutics subcommittee, assesses all requests and determines approval status based upon submitted evidence and patient-specific factors. This study's purpose is to describe noncore chemotherapy regimens utilization, efficacy, and clinical outcomes in patients receiving noncore chemotherapy regimens. This retrospective chart review includes a two-stage utilization and outcomes evaluation of patients receiving noncore chemotherapy regimens. Stage I, a demographics and utilization assessment of patients receiving noncore chemotherapy regimens, has data collection including patient age, sex, performance score, malignancy, and noncore chemotherapy regimen use justification. Stage II assesses noncore chemotherapy regimen-related, patient-specific outcomes of breast cancer noncore chemotherapy regimen patients. Breast cancer patients were evaluated on regimen and clinical outcomes including disease stage, regimen duration, discontinuation reason, subsequent chemotherapy, survival, and time from noncore chemotherapy regimen until death. Within stage I, 307 patient-specific noncore chemotherapy regimen requests were submitted. The most commonly submitted rationale was modification of a core regimen (33%), followed by patient-specific factors (29%) and salvage therapy (22%). For stage II, 29 breast cancer patients received a noncore chemotherapy regimen and most (54%) received a modified core regimen. The vast majority of noncore chemotherapy regimen discontinuation was due to either regimen completion (42%) or disease progression (42%). Nonelective hospitalizations (35%) and mortality (30%) were found during the median 13.3 months of follow up. Noncore chemotherapy regimen use provides regimen tailoring for patients who are candidates for further therapy, but nonelective hospitalizations, end-of-life chemotherapy, and mortality warrant further investigation to improve patient outcomes.
Activity of front-line FOLFIRINOX (FFX) in stage III/IV pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PC) at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC).

4057 Background: The PRODIGE/ACCORD trial recently established FFX as a treatment option for good performance status (PS) pts with stage IV PC (Conroy et al, NEJM 2011). We evaluated the activity a...
351. Efficacious Non-Oligodendrocyte Gene Therapy Suggests a New Dogma About CNS Compartmentalization of NAA Metabolism and Supports a Metabolic Sink Theory

N-acetylaspartate (NAA) is the second most abundant amino acid derivative in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). Although its physiologic function remains elusive, many CNS disorders have been associated with changes in NAA levels, e.g. Alzheimer's disease, bipolar disorder. The disease that is known to have direct connection to altered NAA metabolism is Canavan disease (CD); a leukodystrophy caused by mutations in the aspartoacylase (ASPA) gene. The current understanding is that, physiologically, the ASPA enzyme hydrolyzes NAA into L-aspartate and acetate in oligodendrocytes. Consequently, it was postulated that Canavan gene therapy has to restore ASPA expression in oligodendrocytes. However, we hypothesized that NAA can move freely and its cell-type independent break-down ameliorates Canavan disease. We constructed several tissue/cell-specific expression cassettes limiting hASPA expression to either astrocytes, neurons, oligodendrocytes, liver, heart, or muscle. We opted for the Canavan disease knock-out (CD KO) mouse model because it shows early lethality at around post-natal day 28 and the severest disease phenotype of all Canavan mouse models available. To our surprise, mice expressing hASPA restricted to peripheral organs showed extended survival and normalization of the growth curve at later time points, suggesting a contribution of peripheral organs to the disease pathomechanism. Moreover, astrocyte restricted hASPA expression produced the strongest disease recovery matching the performance of wild-type (WT) mice. Thus, our data seem to support our oligodendrocytes independent NAA metabolic sink theory. In an attempt to verify this theory, we used lower dose rAAVhASPA for localized brain injections to demonstrate that localized T2 hyperintensity signal clearance on MRI was well correlated with reduction of NAA levels by MRS. In other words, the further away from the injection site, the higher the NAA levels, which supports the idea of drainage and hydrolytic activity of NAA towards the injection side. Currently, we are investigating this metabolic sink theory in more detail by creating a functional map of therapeutic gene transfer in the brain by mass spectrometry quantification of NAA, and vector genome and ASPA transcripts analyses in different anatomic regions. Overall, our data present evidence that ASPA expression does not have to be restored in oligodendrocytes in order to rescue lethality and Canavan disease phenotype, which is in congruence with the metabolic sink theory. Furthermore, this calls into question a common hypothesis that NAA breakdown in oligodendrocytes is the mainstay for myelination and myelin defects in Canavan disease and might even support the idea that other metabolic disorders could benefit from treatment under the premise of the metabolic sink theory.
Atiprimod Inhibits the JAK-STAT Pathway and Induces Apoptosis in Human Cells Carrying the JAK2V617F or JAK3 Mutation.

Janus Kinases (JAK), including JAK1, JAK2, TYKa, and JAK3, are a small family of cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinases, which play an important role in the initiation of cytokine-triggered signaling events by signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins, via phosphorylation. The recent reports of an activating somatic mutation in codon 617 of the gene encoding JAK2 ( JAK2 V617F ) in patients with myeloproliferative disorders (MPDs) and 3 mutations in JAK3 (A572V, V722I, P132T) in acute megakaryoblastic leukemia patients, has opened new avenues for the development of targeted therapies for these malignancies. We report here the activity of Atiprimod, a novel compound with anti-inflammatory properties, in retrovirus-transduced JAK2 ( JAK2 V617F ) mutant-expressing murine FDCP-EpoR cells, set-2 cells, CMK cells, and blood cells from patients with polycythemia vera (PV). We compared the growth inhibitory effect of Atiprimod against two mouse FDCP cell lines transfected with erythropoietin receptor (Epo-R), and either wild-type JAK2 ( JAK2 WT ) or mutant JAK2 ( JAK2 V617F ), and human megakaryoblastic leukemia cells with mutated JAK2 V617F (set-2 cells) or mutated JAK3 (CMK cells). The growth inhibitory effect was assessed using 3-days MTS assay. Atiprimod was more potent against FDCP cells carrying mutant JAK2 ( JAK2 V617F ) cells (Ic50 0.42 μM) and set-2 cells (Ic50 0.53 μM) than the CMK cells with mutant JAK3 (Ic50 0.79 μM) and FDCP wild-type JAK2 ( JAK2 WT ) cells (Ic50 0.69 μM). Atiprimod, inhibited the phosphorylation of JAK2 and downstream STAT3, STAT5, and AKT proteins in a dose-and time-dependent manner. It exerted its inhibitory activity against cells with mutant JAK2 ( JAK2 V617F ) by affecting the cell cycle progression and induced apoptosis, as evidenced by increase in mitochondrial membrane potential and caspase3 activity. Atiprimod also cleaved PARP protein, increased turnover of the anti-apoptotic X-linked mammalian inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) protein, and inhibited the apoptotic protein BCL2 in a time- and dose-dependent manner. In addition, Atiprimod inhibited the proliferation of peripheral blood hematopoietic progenitors from three patients with PV carrying the JAK2 ( JAK2 V617F ) mutation as compared to hematopoietic progenitors from normal individuals, by 2-days MTS assay (p= 0.0013). Our data suggest that Atiprimod is active both in vitro and ex vivo against cells with activated tyrosine kinase of the JAK family.
Highly scalable multichannel mesh electronics for stable chronic brain electrophysiology

Implantable electrical probes have led to advances in neuroscience, brain-machine interfaces, and treatment of neurological diseases, yet they remain limited in several key aspects. Ideally, an electrical probe should be capable of recording from large numbers of neurons across multiple local circuits and, importantly, allow stable tracking of the evolution of these neurons over the entire course of study. Silicon probes based on microfabrication can yield large-scale, high-density recording but face challenges of chronic gliosis and instability due to mechanical and structural mismatch with the brain. Ultraflexible mesh electronics, on the other hand, have demonstrated negligible chronic immune response and stable long-term brain monitoring at single-neuron level, although, to date, it has been limited to 16 channels. Here, we present a scalable scheme for highly multiplexed mesh electronics probes to bridge the gap between scalability and flexibility, where 32 to 128 channels per probe were implemented while the crucial brain-like structure and mechanics were maintained. Combining this mesh design with multisite injection, we demonstrate stable 128-channel local field potential and single-unit recordings from multiple brain regions in awake restrained mice over 4 mo. In addition, the newly integrated mesh is used to validate stable chronic recordings in freely behaving mice. This scalable scheme for mesh electronics together with demonstrated long-term stability represent important progress toward the realization of ideal implantable electrical probes allowing for mapping and tracking single-neuron level circuit changes associated with learning, aging, and neurodegenerative diseases.
Flow-Cell-Induced Dispersion in Flow-through Absorbance Detection Systems: True Column Effluent Peak Variance.

Following a brief overview of the emergence of absorbance detection in liquid chromatography, we focus on the dispersion caused by the absorbance measurement cell and its inlet. A simple experiment is proposed wherein chromatographic flow and conditions are held constant but a variable portion of the column effluent is directed into the detector. The temporal peak variance (σt,obs2), which increases as the flow rate (F) through the detector decreases, is found to be well-described as a quadratic function of 1/F. This allows the extrapolation of the results to zero residence time in the detector and thence the determination of the true variance of the peak prior to the detector (this includes contribution of all preceding components). This general approach should be equally applicable to detection systems other than absorbance. We also experiment where the inlet/outlet system remains the same but the path length is varied. This allows one to assess the individual contributions of the cell itself and the in...
A stochastic game theoretic framework for decentralized optimization of multi-stakeholder supply chains under uncertainty

Abstract This paper investigates the influences of uncertainty in multi-stakeholder non-cooperative supply chains, and the corresponding optimal strategies based on game theory to hedge against uncertainty in design and operations of such decentralized supply chains. We propose a novel game-theory-based stochastic model that integrates two-stage stochastic programming with a single-leader-multiple-follower Stackelberg game scheme for optimizing decentralized supply chains under uncertainty. Both the leader's and the followers’ uncertainties are considered, which directly affect their design and operational decisions regarding infrastructure development, contracts selection, price setting, production profile, transportation planning, and inventory management. The resulting model is formulated as a two-stage stochastic mixed-integer bilevel nonlinear program, which can be further reformulated into a tractable single-level stochastic mixed-integer linear program by applying KKT conditions and Glover's linearization method. An illustrative example of flight booking under uncertain flight delays and a large-scale application to shale gas supply chains are presented to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed framework.
Community seed rain patterns and a comparison to adult community structure in a West African tropical forest

We examined the seed rain throughout a twelve month period in a lowlandtropical forest in Cameroon, West Africa, 1996–97. Traps (0.5m2, n = 216) were erected throughout a 25km2 area in 24 randomly placed clusters of nine trapseach. Fruits and seeds that landed in traps were collected every 7–10daysand classified by species and dispersal type. More than 32,000 seeds fromapproximately 200 species fell into the traps, an average of 297 seedsm−2 yr−1 Thirty species represent 82%of the total seed rain while an additional 175 species comprise the remaining18%. When we compared the adult community to the seed rain community within thesame plots, we found no apparent correlation between seed rain patterns andadult community structure for this year of study. Furthermore, only 49% of theadult tree community produced and dispersed seed into traps in this year. Morethan 100 species (52%) found in the seed rain represented long-distanceimmigrant seed rain. Seed rain was highly variable at several scales, bothspatially and seasonally, although seeds arrived in traps during eachcollectionperiod. Cluster analyses showed that traps within plots were seldom moresimilarto one another than traps between plots. While 82% of the tree species in thecommunity are thought to be animal dispersed, only 28% of all seeds that fellinto traps had been obviously “handled” (bitten, chewed, or passed)by animals. Tests for fruit and seed removal by predators or dispersers found5%or less removal rate from traps.
ϒ absorption in hadronic matter

Abstract The cross sections of ϒ absorption by π and ρ mesons are evaluated in a meson-exchange model. Including form factors with a cutoff parameter of 1 or 2 GeV, we find that due to the large threshold of these reactions the thermal average of their cross sections is only about 0.2 mb at a temperature of 150 MeV. Our results thus suggest that the absorption of directly produced ϒ by hadronic comovers in high energy heavy ion collisions is unimportant.
Prevalence and Correlates of Unhealthy Alcohol and Drug Use Among Men Who Have Sex with Men Prescribed HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis in Real-World Clinical Settings

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is effective in preventing HIV acquisition among men who have sex with men (MSM). However, little is known about unhealthy substance use among MSM initiating PrEP in real-world settings. Unhealthy substance use is a risk factor for HIV acquisition and non-adherence to treatment, and may also impact PrEP use. MSM who were prescribed PrEP from 2015 to 2017 at clinics in Providence, Rhode Island and New Haven, Connecticut were recruited to participate in a prospective observational study. Structured clinical assessments were used to assess demographics, HIV risk behaviors, and unhealthy alcohol (alcohol use disorders identification test [AUDIT]-C scores ≥ 4) and drug use (use of any drugs in the past 3 months). Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine demographics and behaviors associated with unhealthy alcohol and drug use. Among 172 MSM initiating PrEP, 64% were white and 40% were 25–34 years old. Participants reported a median of 3 (IQR 2–7) sexual partners in the last 3 months; 20% reported an HIV positive partner. Unhealthy alcohol and any drug use were reported by 54 and 57%, respectively, and 76% reported at least one of the two. The majority of drug use reported was marijuana and poppers (41 and 26% of participants, respectively). Relative to those without unhealthy alcohol use, unhealthy alcohol use was independently associated with any drug use (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.57, 95% CI 1.32–5.01). Frequent drug use was associated with younger age (< 25 years, AOR 4.27, 95% CI 1.51–12.09). Unhealthy alcohol use is common among MSM taking PrEP. Drug use other than marijuana and poppers was uncommon among our cohort. Further efforts may be needed to understand the influence of unhealthy alcohol and other substance use on PrEP outcomes and to engage MSM who use drugs for PrEP.
Side-to-side supercharging nerve allograft enhances neurotrophic potential.

INTRODUCTION Critical limitations of processed acellular nerve allograft (PNA) are linked to Schwann cell function. Side-to-side bridge grafting may enhance PNA neurotrophic potential. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats underwent tibial nerve transection and immediate repair with 20-mm PNA (n = 33) or isograft (ISO; n = 9) or 40-mm PNA (n = 33) or ISO (n = 9). Processed acellular nerve allograft groups received zero, one, or three side-to-side bridge grafts between the peroneal nerve and graft. Muscle weight, force generation, and nerve histomorphology were tested 20 weeks after repair. Selected animals underwent neuron back labeling with fluorescent dyes. RESULTS Inner axon diameters, g-ratios, and axon counts were smaller in the distal vs proximal aspect of each graft (P < .05). Schwann cell counts were greater, with a lower proportion of senescent cells for groups with bridges (P < .05). Retrograde labeling demonstrated that 6.6% to 17.7% of reinnervating neurons were from the peroneal pool. DISCUSSION Bridge grafting positively influenced muscle recovery and Schwann cell counts and senescence after long PNA nerve reconstruction.
A juggling act: CEO polychronicity and firm innovation

Abstract This study examines a unique CEO temporal characteristic—polychronicity (the extent to which CEOs prefer to engage in multiple projects simultaneously and believe that this is the best way of doing things). I propose that CEO polychronicity is a double-edged sword for firm innovation and that this relationship is contingent on the environmental and organizational contexts. Specifically, CEO polychronicity is positively related to firm innovation when firms operate in more dynamic environments, are relatively large and have poor past performance, but is negatively related to firm innovation when firms operate in less dynamic environments, are relatively small and have good past performance. Results based on survey data from 111 Chinese small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) largely support my hypotheses. This study makes contributions by being an initial attempt to examine CEO polychronicity and by identifying essential boundary conditions of the effect of CEO polychronicity on firm innovation.
An Eulerian Vlasov-Fokker–Planck algorithm for spherical implosion simulations of inertial confinement fusion capsules

Abstract We present a numerical algorithm that enables a phase-space adaptive Eulerian Vlasov–Fokker–Planck (VFP) simulation of inertial confinement fusion (ICF) capsule implosions. The approach relies on extending a recent mass, momentum, and energy conserving phase-space moving-mesh adaptivity strategy to spherical geometry. In configuration space , we employ a mesh motion partial differential equation (MMPDE) strategy while, in velocity space, the mesh is expanded/contracted and shifted with the plasma’s evolving temperature and drift velocity. The mesh motion is dealt with by transforming the underlying VFP equations into a computational (logical) coordinate, with the resulting inertial terms carefully discretized to ensure conservation. To deal with the spatial and temporally varying dynamics in a spherically imploding system, we have developed a novel nonlinear stabilization strategy for MMPDE in the configuration space. The strategy relies on a nonlinear optimization procedure that optimizes between mesh quality and the volumetric rate change of the mesh to ensure both accuracy and stability of the solution. Implosions of ICF capsules are driven by several boundary conditions: (1) an elastic moving wall boundary; (2) a time-dependent Maxwellian Dirichlet boundary; and (3) a pressure-driven Lagrangian boundary. Of these, the pressure-driven Lagrangian boundary driver is new to our knowledge. The implementation of our strategy is verified through a set of test problems, including the Guderley and Van-Dyke implosion problems — the first-ever reported using a Vlasov–Fokker–Planck model.
Retrospective Analysis of Sexual Function After Transvaginal Mesh Surgery.

Abstract Introduction Despite ample research regarding the impact of reconstructive surgery on anatomic/functional outcomes of pelvic organ prolapse (POP), including incidence of dyspareunia, evidence regarding sexual outcomes is equivocal. Aim To assess changes in sexual function in women followed up for at least 12 months after transvaginal mesh surgery for POP. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of women who underwent surgery for POP using different mesh products between 2008 and 2019. Baseline demographics were compiled along with intraoperative and postoperative information. The Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire short form (PISQ-12) was used to assess sexual function. Main Outcome Measures Women sexually active before and after surgery were assessed to determine changes in overall and question-specific PISQ-12 responses and potential factors to explain sexual function after surgery. Results 622 women underwent surgery using mesh at our center. 360 (58%) attended at least one visit at a median of 12 months (IQR 11–23 months), with 113 (31%) sexually active at baseline and 247 (69%) sexually inactive. 97 had complete PISQ-12 responses before and after surgery. There was an overall improvement in the median PISQ-12 scores of 2 points (P Conclusion Transvaginal mesh surgery appears to positively impact sexual function, and improvements were independent of mesh or baseline prolapse severity. Khandwala S, Cruff J, Williams C. Retrospective Analysis of Sexual Function After Transvaginal Mesh Surgery. Sex Med 2021;9:100281.
RAB11A-mediated YAP localization to adherens and tight junctions is essential for colonic epithelial integrity.

Within the intestinal epithelium, regulation of intracellular protein and vesicular trafficking is of utmost importance for barrier maintenance, immune responses, and tissue polarity. RAB11A is a small GTPase that mediates the anterograde transport of protein cargos to the plasma membrane. Loss of RAB11A-dependent trafficking in mature intestinal epithelial cells results in increased epithelial proliferation and nuclear accumulation of Yes-associated protein (YAP), a key Hippo-signaling transducer that senses cell–cell contacts and regulates tissue growth. However, it is unclear how RAB11A regulates YAP intracellular localizations. In this report, we examined the relationship of RAB11A to epithelial junctional complexes, YAP, and the associated consequences on colonic epithelial tissue repair. We found that RAB11A controls the biochemical associations of YAP with multiple components of adherens and tight junctions, including α-catenin, β-catenin, and Merlin, a tumor suppressor. In the absence of RAB11A and Merlin, we observed enhanced YAP–β-catenin complex formation and nuclear translocation. Upon chemical injury to the intestine, mice deficient in RAB11A were found to have reduced epithelial integrity, decreased YAP localization to adherens and tight junctions, and increased nuclear YAP accumulation in the colon epithelium. Thus, RAB11A-regulated trafficking regulates the Hippo–YAP signaling pathway for rapid reparative response after tissue injury.
Mis-selling of personal pension plans: A legal perspective

This paper is based on a talk given by Philip Ryley and John Virgo to the Association of Pension Lawyers at their Annual Conference in Bournemouth in November 1998. The authors provide an outline on the pension mis-selling saga and indentify some of the key legal issues that have arisen out of the Pensions Review and the litigation.
Shared focus of attention for heterogeneous agents

A network of cooperating agents must be able to reach rough consensus on a set of topics for cooperation. With highly heterogeneous agents, however, incommensurable measures and imprecise translation render ordinary consensus algorithms inappropriate. I present a distributed mechanism for shared focus of attention that begins to address these problems, using an engineered emergence approach inspired by recent results on the dynamics of evolution in systems with spatial extent. Simulation shows that the algorithm converges in time proportional to the diameter of the network and gives a range of reasonable settings for the parameters.
Cleavage of Cholesterol Side Chain Associated with Cytochrome P-450, Flavoprotein, and Nonheme Iron-protein Derived from the Bovine Adrenal Cortex

Abstract Cholesterol side chain cleavage has been shown to be dependent on the electron carrier chain involving a cytochrome P-450 reductase system, flavoprotein and nonheme iron-protein of the ferredoxin type, and the oxygen-activating cytochrome P-450. The reaction is markedly inhibited by carbon monoxide. The cytochrome oxidase system inhibits the cleavage reaction by diverting the flow of electrons through the cytochrome oxidase pathway. Inhibition is reversed by cyanide. Steroid products resulting from the cleavage reaction are pregnenolone, progesterone, 11-deoxycorticosterone, and corticosterone. These products were isolated and identified by paper chromatographic techniques and recrystallization to radiochemical homogeneity.
New CCP §580e: Deficiency Protection for Certain Short Sales

This article discusses the addition of CCP Section 580e to the current anti-deficiency statutes, the kinds of borrowers protected and lenders affected. The article coves the new Section 580e exceptions and the protection it provides in short sales.
Random Fiber Networks and Special Elastic Orthotropy of Paper

We consider a particular in-plane elastic orthotropy observed experimentally for various types of paper, namely: S 1111+S 2222−2S 1122=S 1212, where S ijkm are components of the in-plane compliance tensor. This is a statement of the invariance of in-plane shear compliance S 1212, which has been observed in some studies but questioned in others. We present a possible explanation of this “special orthotropy” of paper, using an analysis in which paper is modeled as a quasi-planar random microstructure of interacting fiber-beams – a model especially well suited for low basis weight papers. First, it is shown analytically that without disorder a periodic fiber network fails the special orthotropy. Next, using a computational mechanics model, we demonstrate that two-scale geometric disorder in a fiber network is necessary to explain this orthotropy. Indeed, disordered networks with weak flocculation best satisfy this relationship. It is shown that no special angular distribution function of fibers is required, and that the uniform strain assumption should not be used. Finally, it follows from an analogy to the thermal conductivity problem that the kinematic boundary conditions, rather than the traction ones, lead quite rapidly to relatively scale-independent effective constitutive responses.
Survey of Nursing Integration of Genomics Into Nursing Practice

Genomics has emerged as a central science for all health professionals, including nurses (Feero, Guttmacher, & Collins, 2010; Phimister, Feero, & Guttmacher, 2012). Genomics refers to all human genetic variation (encompassing single genes [genetics]) and their interactions, coupled with the influences of the environment, personal lifestyle, and psychosocial and cultural factors (Feero et al., 2010). Health care has increasingly integrated genomic information and technology along the pathways of prevention, screening, diagnosis, prognosis, treatment selection, and monitoring of therapy effectiveness. Health care increasingly demands that registered nurses, who represent the largest contingent of health providers in the United States and the world, use genomic information and technology when providing care (Calzone et al., 2010; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration, Bureau of Health Professions, 2010). The integration of genomics into routine health care requires that nurses and other healthcare providers be prepared in genomics. This necessitates an ongoing assessment of the nursing workforce competency in genomics to ascertain the extent of educational initiatives needed, optimal strategies to address deficits identified, and inform policy development to achieve workforce preparedness. Competencies, defined as knowledge, skills, and attitudes, are used to establish for a specific discipline the minimal standards needed to provide responsible, accountable, and safe quality health care. While other investigators have described the deficits in nursing genomic knowledge, few have expanded the assessment to include variables documented to influence the diffusion of an innovation, which may be as important to consider in designing any intervention aimed at improving nursing genomic competency.
EFFECTS OF BODY-TILTING ON THE RESTING END-EXPIRATORY POSITION OF NEWBORN INFANTS

Previous studies of changes in lung volume with position in adults demonstrate the efficacy of gravity methods of artificial respiration. In the present study the ventilation was measured that could be achieved by changes in body position of normal new-born infants. In no instance was the volume of air moved equal to a tidal volume. The failure of this method to achieve ventilation in infants may be due to their shorter abdominal length and more compliant rib cage.
Digital licensing [software reuse]

Questions of ownership can block widespread software reuse. Forced to choose between negotiating rights to an existing component and reimplementing it, developers often take the latter option. At least in part, this is because they have less control when negotiating with an unknown party, and such negotiations can be expensive - in time, legal fees, knowledge, and the bookkeeping required to monitor usage. How can we dramatically reduce these costs? A digital license protects an author or owner's intellectual property rights to regulate how content is sold or used, monitors compliance to terms and conditions, and regulates compensation. The goal of digital license automation is to provide an infrastructure that makes it easy for programs to negotiate with each other when they need services, taking the human at least partly out of the loop. A pervasive, low-overhead digital licensing infrastructure could enlarge the component software marketplace and lead to greater availability of reusable software components.
Margin determination in the design and development of a thermal control system

A method for determining margins in conceptual-level design via probabilistic methods is described.
Introducción al análisis molar de la conducta

Traditional molecular mechanics re1ied on discrete events and contiguity to try to explain behavior in terms of immediate causes_ The molecular concepts of reflex and association eventually proved inadequate and were replaced by ones less reliant on immediate causes. Thorndike's law of effect represents a step in this direction, because it emphasized a response's past consequences, a factor that transcended momentary events. Skinner further departed from relianee on con­tiguity by introducing the ideas of operant behavior and stimulus control. Instead of S-R connection, he proposed that the unit of behavior is a population of responses and that a discriminative stimulus defines the context in which this population oc­curso He proposed to explain novel and complex behavior by a history of selection by consequences, in analogy to biological evolution. For a dependent variable, he proposed response rate, a molar variable in the sense that it can be measured only ayer sorne interval of time. Molar benavior analysis takes the further step of defin­ing environmental variables as similarly molar. Behavior is thought of as under the control of relations that extend through time. Together, behavior and environment constitute a feedback system in which behavior flowing from the organism is fed back by the environment in a flow of consequences which affects the flow of be­havior. Such a view has more explanatory power that contiguity-based views and opens the possibility of a quantitative science. Further extensions move entirely away from discrete responses to considt:ring behavior as composed of patterns of activities that extend through time. Such patterns tend to persist, but may be changed by consequences. This conception frees molar behavior analysis from de­pendence on immediate causes and establishes it as an evolutionary science
Society of Chest Pain Centers recommendations for the evaluation and management of the observation stay acute heart failure patient-parts 1-6.

W. Frank Peacock, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH Gregg C. Fonarow, Ahmanson-UCLA Cardiomyopathy Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CAHeart failure is a leadin...
Intraoperative radiography for evaluation of surgical miscounts.

Abstract Purpose Retained surgical items result in substantial morbidity, health care-related expense, and legal liability. This study determines the performance of a protocol for locating surgical items after a miscount, in which intraoperative radiography included a radiograph of the unaccounted for item. Methods Institutional review board approval was obtained. In 20,820 operations performed between January 1, 2011 and April 1, 2013, a total of 183 consecutive surgical miscounts occurred, involving 180 patients (97 male, 83 female; median age: 55 years). Departmental protocol mandated that a radiograph of an example of the potentially retained item be taken simultaneously with each patient intraoperative radiograph. Three board-certified radiologists retrospectively reviewed these radiographs and follow-up imaging, achieving consensus on interpretation. Adherence to institutional protocol was assessed. Demographic data, surgical documentation, and clinical follow-up data were recorded. Results The incidence of surgical miscounts was 0.9% (183 of 20,820). Only 9% (17 of 183) were resolved by discovery: outside the patient (8 cases); on intraoperative radiographs (5 cases); incidentally on follow-up radiographs (2 cases); and on retrospective review (2 cases). The false-negative rate was 44% (4 of 9). Neither of the 2 retained needles discovered postoperatively was removed. The procedures most prone to miscounts were: esophagogastrectomy (33%; 2 of 6); liver transplant (18%; 12 of 66); and Whipple procedure (16%; 7 of 44). Needles (65%) and sponges (9%) were the items that were overlooked most often. Adherence to the protocol of imaging an example of a potentially retained item was 91% (167 of 183). Conclusions Despite good adherence to a protocol of imaging the potentially retained items, small needles often were not visualized on intraoperative radiographs and were not subsequently removed, without known adverse events. This finding suggests that intraoperative radiography for small needles may be unnecessary, but further study is required.
Estimated hormones predict women's mate preferences for dominant personality traits

Recent studies have reported that women exhibit elevated preferences for behavioral dominance in potential mates on higher fertility days of the menstrual cycle. This study was designed to test which hormonal signals may be associated with such cycle phase shifts in dominance preferences. Women indicated their mate preferences for dominant personality traits, and self-reported cycle day was used to estimate each woman’s levels of estrogen, FSH, LH, progesterone, prolactin, and testosterone on her day of testing. Women’s preferences for dominance in long-term mates were elevated on cycle days when estrogen is typically elevated, including during the luteal phase when conception is not possible. Preferences for dominance in short-term mates were highest on cycle days when LH and FSH are typically peaking. These findings support the existence of two types of hormone-regulated psychological mechanisms, each of which is proposed by a distinct functional theory of menstrual phase preference shifts: (1) a between-cycle mechanism that increases preferences for dominance in long-term mates during more fertile cycles characterized by higher estrogen, and (2) a within-cycle mechanism that couples enhanced preferences for dominance in short-term mates to the timing of ovulation.
The Role of the Classroom Teacher as a Curriculum Leader

This writer looks at the role of the classroom teacher as curriculum leader in the two realms that cannot be taken away by textbook publishers, textmakers, or administrators: i.e., what is taught and what is learned.