cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nuclear Rad51 Foci Induced by DNA Damage Are Distinct from Rad51 Foci Associated with B Cell Activation and Recombination

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a B cell mitogen which can stimulate murine primary B cells to proliferate and carry out immunoglobulin heavy chain class switch recombination. LPS can also function as an endotoxin, which may cause DNA damage and apoptosis in certain types of cells. We have previously reported that LPS-activated primary murine B cells contain nuclear foci that stain brightly with anti-Rad51 antibodies (Li et al. (1996) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93, 10222-10227). We have now analyzed Rad51 nuclear foci induced in both primary and immortalized B cells by treatment with the DNA damaging agent, methyl methanesulfonate (MMS). We have found that, in LPS-cultured primary B cells, MMS treatment increases the fraction of cells containing Rad51 foci and induces formation of a very high number of foci per cell. The foci induced by MMS treatment are small, punctate, and numerous; in contrast, the foci induced by LPS activation are large, brightly staining, and relatively few in number. In LPS-cultured primary B cells, Rad51 relocalizes during the cell cycle, and large, brightly staining nuclear foci are present in only restricted stages of the cell cycle. Rad51 foci similar to those present in LPS-activated primary B cells are also observed in immortalized B cells lines cultured in the absence of LPS. These foci are unaltered in number or appearance by culture with LPS, but treatment of immortalized B cell lines with MMS induces foci which are small and punctate in staining, like those induced by MMS in primary B cells. These data show that distinctive Rad51 foci are induced by DNA damaging agents and cell activation and that the response to DNA damage may involve pathways distinct from those associated with B cell activation and switch recombination.
Beyond the Superhighway: Exploiting the Internet with Medical Informatics

As in other areas of society, the Internet and the World Wide Web are becoming important topics in medical informatics. This is evident from the recent American Medical Informatics Association's 1996 Annual Fall Symposium, where the theme was "Beyond the Superhighway: Exploiting the Internet with Medical Informatics." Of the over 330 papers and abstracts published in the Proceedings, one third dealt with the Internet and/or the Web. In some cases, system developers demonstrated how this technology can do old tasks in new ways. In other cases, researchers described new tasks that are now possible with this technology. Still others examined this technology to show how it can be evaluated and improved. This paper summarizes their accomplishments.
Zone-specific cell proliferation during compensatory adrenal growth in rats.

Compensatory adrenal growth after unilateral adrenalectomy (ULA) leads to adrenocortical hyperplasia. Because zonal growth contributions are not clear, we characterized the phenotype of cortical ce...
Sea-surface temperature measurements from the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on Aqua and Terra

The Terra and Aqua satellites are the flagships of the NASA Earth Observing System and carry suites of sensors designed to provide measurements of the climate system suitable for many research applications. Each satellite carries a Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), which are very complex imaging radiometers operating in both the visible and infrared parts of the electromagnetic spectrum. One of the primary variables that is derived from some of the infrared measurements of MODIS is sea-surface temperature (SST). There are two spectral intervals located where the atmosphere is relatively transparent, at about 4 and 11 micrometer wavelengths, where SST measurements can be made in cloud-free conditions, although the contamination of the shorter wavelength measurements by reflected sunlight limits these to the night-time part of each orbit. The atmospheric correction algorithms used to derive SSTs are described, along with radiometric and sub-surface measurements used to determine the error characteristics of the retrieved fields
Intra-articular lateral femoral condyle fracture following an ACL revision reconstruction

Lateral femoral condyle fractures following an ACL reconstruction are rare. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of a lateral femoral condyle fracture following a revision ACL reconstruction. The patient’s fracture was intra-articular, had a significant amount of soft tissue damage, and was further complicated by a large defect involving the bone tunnel from the ACL revision reconstruction. The patient was treated with an open reduction and internal fixation and recovered well.
Information processing deficits of schizophrenia patients: relationship to clinical ratings, gender and medication status

Information processing deficits were explored in a large cohort of schizophrenia patients (N = 125) and non-psychiatric subjects (N = 52). Gender, medication status and symptom factors were assessed relative to measures of performance in critical stimulus duration (CSD), visual backward masking (VBM) and auditory reaction time (RT) paradigms. Schizophrenia patients exhibited significant impairments in measures of CSD, VBM and both RT speed and RT set. Females in both groups had inflated CSDs relative to males. Female schizophrenia patients showed slower RTs and elevated RT set scores, but comparable VBM performance, when compared to males. This gender difference was not observed in the non-psychiatric subjects. To test the hypothesis that impaired performance in the VBM and RT paradigms would be related to negative symptoms and thought disorder, regression analyses were performed using factor scores derived from a factor analysis of SANS and SAPS items that generated three symptom factors: negative, disorganized, and reality distortion. Significant variance in performance on VBM and RT measures was accounted for only by the negative symptom factor. We conclude that VBM and RT assess information processing deficits in schizophrenia patients that are more related to the negative versus positive or disorganized symptoms of schizophrenia. It is possible that VBM and RT share overlapping or interacting neural substrates.
Identification of a GTPase Activating Protein Specific for the Heterotrimeric G Protein, Gz

Gz is a member of the Gi family of trimeric G proteins whose precise signalling function has not been defined. It can be distinguished from other members of the family by several interesting biochemical properties of its alpha subunit, Gzalpha. One particularly intriguing property is its extremely slow GTPase activity; its kcat for GTP hydrolysis is as much as 200-fold less than other Galpha's. Since there is evidence that cellular factors can accelerate the GTPase activities of Galpha subunits, we have suspected that cells expressing Gzalpha may contain a GTPase-activating protein, or GAP, that would enhance its hydrolytic ability. Using purified Gzalpha-GTP as a substrate, we have identified and characterized such a GAP that acts on Gzalpha, which we have termed Gz-GAP. The protein responsible for this activity is specific for Gzalpha and is found in the membrane fraction of bovine brain and in several other tissues that express Gz. Since G protein effectors are in many cases capable of stimulating the GTPases rate of Galpha subunits, we speculate that a novel effector for Gz is responsible for the activity.
Preparing for the role of clinical pharmacist in a new specialty

As a new practitioner just out of residency, I accepted a newly created clinical pharmacy specialist position on a multidisciplinary palliative care team. I jumped at the opportunity to become part of a new and exciting field. Palliative care had just been recognized as a new specialty by the
Modes of Adjustment of Married Homosexuals

Interviews were obtained with 11 Belgian couples, in each of which one member was homosexual, in order to explore a quantitatively important but greatly obscured social problem. Many of the marriages were based on a failure of both parties at the time of marriage to define the homosexual partner as such. Admitted homosexuals married because of social pressures, as a flight from homosexuality, or on commitment to a home-centered life. Conflict tended to develop over declining sexual attention and the formation of outside relationships. Modes of adjustment that avoided separation were Platonic marriage, double-standard marriage, and innovative marriage. These adjustments were only moderately effective, being compromised by the conventionality of the respondents, whose commitment to a traditional morality yielded both marital stability and marital unhappiness.
Phase Synchronization and Desynchronization of Structural Response Induced by Turbulent and External Sound

Acoustic and turbulent boundary layer flow loadings over a flexible structure are used to study the spatial-temporal dynamics of the response of the structure. The stability of the spatial synchronization and desynchronization by an active external force is investigated with an array of coupled transducers on the structure. In the synchronous state, the structural phase is locked, which leads to the formation of spatial patterns while the amplitude peaks exhibit chaotic behaviors. Large amplitude, spatially symmetric loading is superimposed on broadband, but in the desynchronized state, the spectrum broadens and the phase space is lost. The resulting pattern bears a striking resemblance to phase turbulence. The transition is achieved by using a low power external actuator to trigger broadband behaviors from the knowledge of the external acoustic load inducing synchronization. The changes are made favorably and efficiently to alter the frequency distribution of power, not the total power level. Before synchronization effects are seen, the panel response to the turbulent boundary layer loading is discontinuously spatio-temporally correlated. The stability develops from different competing wavelengths; the spatial scale is significantly shorter than when forced with the superimposed external sound. When the external sound level decreases and the synchronized phases are lost, changes in the character of the spectra can be linked to the occurrence of spatial phase transition. These changes can develop broadband response. Synchronized responses of fuselage structure panels have been observed in subsonic and supersonic aircraft; results from two flights tests are discussed.
Mating Preference, Mating Propensity, and Reproductive Traits in Anthocoris nemoralis (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae): A Comparison of California and United Kingdom Populations

Abstract The predatory bug Anthocoris nemoralis (F.) is a common species native to Europe that has become established in several areas of North America. The objectives of this study were to determine whether North American and European insects differed in aspects of mating activity and reproduction. We compared mating preferences, mating propensities, and some life history traits between a European (England) and North American (San Francisco Bay area) population of A. nemoralis; the North American population colonized the source locale apparently between 10 and 30 yr ago. In no-choice and choice assays, the insects showed no preference for mating with insects from the same source population. Both types of assays indicated that insects from the two sources differed in mating propensities: UK females were less likely to mate during a 30-min assay than females from California (irrespective of male source); and California males were less likely to mate than males from the UK (regardless of female source). Mor...
Clinical Outcomes of the Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Turnover Flap for Posterior Elbow Soft Tissue Defects

Purpose To report the clinical outcomes from 2 academic centers of the flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) flap for coverage of posterior elbow soft tissue defects. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 17 patients who underwent an FCU flap for posterior elbow wound reconstruction over an 8-year period at 2 academic centers. Outcome measures included visual analog score for pain; Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand score; Mayo Elbow Performance score; range of motion; wound healing; grip strength; and isokinetic dynamometry for wrist flexion. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to make side-to-side comparisons between the operative and nonsurgical extremities, and nonparametric statistical methods were used to analyze results. Results All wounds healed successfully without need for revision surgery. Average visual analog, Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand, and Mayo Elbow Performance scores in the operative elbow were 1.8, 34, and 86, respectively. Average elbow arc of motion was 11° to 140° with 70° forearm pronation and 73° forearm supination. Compared with the nonsurgical side, grip strength on the operated side was 97% and wrist flexion peak torque was 89%. The operative limb had an average wrist flexion fatigue of 7%, compared with 22% for the nonsurgical arm. Conclusions Patients receiving an FCU flap had reliable healing, minimal pain, good functional outcomes, and no meaningful deficits in grip strength or wrist flexion strength. Type of study/level of evidence Therapeutic IV.
Human universals, human nature & human culture

Human universals--of which hundreds have been identified--consist of those features of culture, society, language, behavior, and mind that, so far as the record has been examined, are found among all peoples known to ethnography and history. After presenting some of the basic conceptions and problems concerning such universals per se--their kinds and causes and the methodological and disciplinary considerations that have shaped their study, this paper explores some of the issues in how human universals relate to human nature and human culture. Particular attention will be given to those universals that are directly related to, or actually comprise, human nature. In addition to the intrinsic interest such universals invoke--because they underlie all human activities--they also promise to yield to a more theoretically informed framework for their study than has been the case for human universals in general. Examples of universals will be given along the way.
Three-dimensional intranuclear DNA organization in situ: three states of condensation and their redistribution as a function of nuclear size near the G1-S border in HeLa S-3 cells

Characteristic variations in nuclear morphology occurring with variations in the physiological state of the cell have been observed in a number of systems to date. In this paper, we have critically examined the relationship between nuclear morphology and intranuclear DNA organization near the G1-S transition in HeLa S-3 cells, by the study of both the spatial distribution of optical density values and the optical density histograms for individual Feulgen-stained nuclei. Our results demonstrate that the majority of the DNA is located in a narrow shell surrounding the nuclear and nucleolar borders, and present evidence for at least three discrete states of chromatin condensation. Greater than 90% of the genome appears distributed among the two classes with larger density, and a redistribution between these two classes occurs as a function of changing nuclear size. Numerical simulations indicate that the observed distribution does not arise as an artifact related to overlapping but, in fact, actually represents discrete states of condensation. Interestingly, the extrapolated nuclear area at which the fraction of DNA in the state of highest density is reduced to zero, corresponds closely to the nuclear size shown elsewhere as representing the critical size that HeLa S-3 nuclei must exceed in order to initiate S phase.
Grandmothers and Granddaughters

This article evaluates the impact of a large cash transfer program in South Africa on children's nutritional status and investigates whether the gender of the recipient affects that impact. In the early 1990s the benefits and coverage of the South African social pension program were expanded for the black population. In 1993 the benefits were about twice the median per capita income in rural areas. More than a quarter of black South African children under age five live with a pension recipient. Estimates suggest that pensions received by women had a large impact on the anthropometric status (weight for height and height for age) of girls but little effect on that of boys. No similar effect is found for pensions received by men. This suggests that the efficiency of public transfer programs may depend on the gender of the recipient.
Glucagon Clearance by the Isolated Perfused Rat Liver

SummaryIn the isolated perfused rat liver the biological half-life for pork immunoassayable insulin was determined to be 17 min. The corresponding figures for beef-pork, rat pancreatic, and rat gut, immunoassayable glucagon were 19, 23, and 27 min, respectively. The data are in keeping with the liver, which is a major site for degradation of insulin and glucagon.
The case of the incorrigible canon: Dublin's first heresy conviction, 1310, and the rivalry between its cathedral chapters

Dublin's atypical arrangement of two neighbouring cathedral chapters, St Patrick's and Holy Trinity, was a source of ongoing conflict. The conflict became more sinister in the early fourteenth century after Thomas de Chaddesworth, the dean of St Patrick's and the vicar of the archbishop-elect of Dublin, served as the primary inquisitor in the trial of the Templars and in 1310 initiated heresy proceedings against Philip de Braybrook, a canon of Holy Trinity. This article explores the conflict between the two chapters and how it shaped Philip's trial; it also examines the exceptionally irregular circumstances in which he became Dublin's first convicted heretic. Introduction In 1310, Dublin experienced its first heresy trial, part of the international proceedings against the Knights Templar, instigated primarily by Philip IV of France.1 Before the year was out it saw its second, or some semblance thereof. Shortly after becoming inquisitor in the Templar trial, Thomas de Chaddesworth, the dean of St Patrick's, brought an old rival, Philip de Braybrook, a canon of Holy Trinity (now Christ Church) to the notice of Richard de Haverings for a relapse of heresy.2 Haverings, after three years still the ever-absent archbishop-elect of Dublin, replied to his vicar Chaddesworth on 4 September 1310, informing him that, after examining the letter's report, he had found Philip guilty, apparently for refusing to accept the sacrament in both * Author's e-mail: maeve.callan@simpson.edu doi: 10.331 8/PRI AC.20 13.113.05 1 See Malcolm Barber, The trial of the Templars (1978; reprint, Cambridge, 2006); Helen Nicholson (ed.), The proceedings against the Templars in the British Isles, 2 vols (Burlington, VT, 2011), and Maeve Callan, The Templars, the witch, and the wild Irish: heresy trials in medieval Ireland (forthcoming). 2 Medieval names often take a range of forms. Chaddesworth is also rendered as Chedworth and Cheddisworth, and Braybrook as Braydock and Braibrook, among other forms. Chaddesworth and Braybrook are here preferred as the most common forms among authoritative sources. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy Vol. 113C, 163-191 © 2013 Royal Irish Academy This content downloaded from 207.46.13.85 on Sat, 28 May 2016 06:47:15 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
A Review of Concepts and Techniques for Obtaining Shear-Wave Velocities from Measured Rayleigh-and Compressional-Wave Velocities at Engineering Sites

The shear modulus is an important property that, along with other seismic velocity properties, characterizes soil behavior under dynamic loads. The value of the modulus is heavily dependent upon shear-wave velocity (V s ), which can be very difficult to generate, record and process. A little known alternative to acquiring V s directly at relatively shallow depths is to measure both compressional- (V p ), and Rayleigh-wave (V r ), velocities and compute V s with the wave equation. V p can generally be acquired easily and V r can also be generated and easily discerned on seismograms. Processing V r can be difficult, however, because of the dispersive character of Rayleigh waves, where seismic velocity varies with frequency, and the laborious calculations involved. A previous method of acquiring V r was to use combinations of known wave frequencies and more or less hand process the results. More recent studies indicate that the energy source is less important, and that modern electronic processing with frequency spectra analysis and inversion techniques may permit relatively easy acquisitions of V r and, hence, V s .
Bite-count evaluation of the repellency of N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide to larval Eutrombicula alfreddugesi (Acari: Trombiculidae).

Larvae of the pest chigger mite Eutrombicula alfreddugesi Oudemans, 1910, exhibited a low repellent threshold for N,N -diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (deet) in a field setting. Use of a deet-based repellent significantly reduced chigger mite infestation. Efficacy of aerosol formulations was significantly diminished with 9% (AI) deet. E. alfreddugesi utilized both direct and indirect paths to infest the human body. Direct infestation led to the highest body region bite counts. Distribution of E. alfreddugesi bites over 15 regions of the human body fell into three zones of decreasing parasitism: the ankle/calf region (accessed through direct infestation); the groin, chest, back, armpits, and feet (accessed through indirect infestation); and the thighs, arms, buttocks, head, and neck, which were infrequently attacked or were unavailable to E. alfreddugesi.
Mechanisms of alloimmune tolerance associated with mixed chimerism induced by vascularized bone marrow transplants.

Abstract Rat limb allograft recipients represent surgically induced, immediately vascularized bone marrow transplant (VBMT) chimeras. The majority of these chimeras undergo tolerance while a minority develop graft versus host disease (GVHD). T-cell chimerism and associated mechanisms of cellular immune nonresponsiveness were investigated in tolerant VBMT chimeras. A strong correlation (p < 0.01) was observed between the clinical onset of GVHD and levels of donor T-cell chimerism approximating or greater than 50%. However, stable mixed chimerism was associated with tolerance. In conclusion, three major sequential mechanisms of immune nonresponsiveness were elucidated in tolerant VBMT chimeras over time and included development of nonspecific suppressor cells (which potentially represent natural suppressor cells), maturation of antigen-specific suppressor cell circuits, and eventually putative clonal inactivation.
Four cases of mastocytoma

Four cases of mastocytoma are reported.Two boys and two girls with age of 5.5 months to 20 months,presented as solitary lesion in two patients and multiple lesions in the other two.Darier's sign was positive in all 4 patients.A dense aggregation of mast cells in the dermis and/or in subcutaneous adipose tissue was demonstrated by histopathology.Scattering eosinophil infiltration was seen in 2 patients.The lesions improved as the babies grew up,leaving hyperpigmention or hypopigmention in 4 cases.
Performance trade-offs and individual quality in decathletes

Many constraints of organismal design at the cell and organ level, including muscle fiber types, musculoskeletal gearing and control-surface geometry, are believed to cause performance trade-offs at the whole-organism level. Contrary to this expectation, positive correlations between diverse athletic performances are frequently found in vertebrates. Recently, it has been proposed that trade-offs between athletic performances in humans are masked by variation in individual quality and that underlying trade-offs are revealed by adjusting the correlations to 'control' quality. We argue that quality is made up of both intrinsic components, due to the causal mapping between morpho-physiological traits and performance, and extrinsic components, due to variation in training intensity, diet and pathogens. Only the extrinsic component should be controlled. We also show that previous methods to estimate 'quality-free' correlations perform poorly. We show that Wright's factor analysis recovers the correct quality-free correlation matrix and use this method to estimate quality-free correlations among the 10 events of the decathlon using a dataset of male college athletes. We found positive correlations between all decathlon events, which supports an axis that segregates 'good athletes' from 'bad athletes'. Estimates of quality-free correlations are mostly very small (<0.1), suggesting large, quality-free independence between events. Because quality must include both intrinsic and extrinsic components, the physiological significance of these adjusted correlations remains obscure. Regardless, the underlying architecture of the functional systems and the physiological explanation of both the un-adjusted and adjusted correlations remain to be discovered.
Disruption of blood-brain barrier during acute hypertension in adult and aged rats

The goal of this study was to determine whether the susceptibility of the blood-brain barrier to disruption during acute hypertension is altered in aged rats. Intravital fluorescent microscopy and fluorescein-labeled albumin were used to evaluate disruption of the blood-brain barrier during acute hypertension in adult Wistar rats (6-8 mo) and aged Wistar rats (24-26 mo). Permeability of the blood-brain barrier albumin and by counting the number of microvascular leaky sites under control conditions and during acute arterial hypertension in adult and aged rats. Pressure in pial venules, which are the primary site of disruption of the blood-brain barrier during acute hypertension, and in pial arterioles was measured using a servo-null device. In adult rats, when systemic arterial pressure was increased from 124 +/- 5 (means +/- SE) to 190 +/- 5 mmHg, clearance of albumin increased from 0.10 +/- 0.05 to 1.64 +/- 0.76 X 10(-6) ml/s. In aged rats, when systemic arterial pressure was increased from 116 +/- 4 to 185 +/- 3 mmHg, clearance of albumin increased from 0.10 +/- 0.03 to 1.56 +/- 0.49 X 10(-6) ml/s. Increases in pial venular pressure and pial arteriolar pressure also were similar in adult and aged rats. Thus the findings suggest that the susceptibility of the blood-brain barrier to disruption during acute hypertension is similar in adult and aged rats.
The Effects of Congressional Staff Networks in the U.S. House of Representatives

Standard accounts of legislative behavior typically neglect the activities of professional staff, who are treated as extensions of the elected officials they serve. However, staff appear to have substantial independent effects on observed levels of legislator productivity and policy preferences. In this paper, we use a novel dataset of comprehensive longitudinal employment records from the U.S. House of Representatives to estimate the effects of Congressional staff on legislative behavior. Specifically, results from a series of heteroskedastic Bayesian spatial autoregressive models indicate that members of Congress who exchange important staff members across congresses are more similar in their legislative effectiveness and voting patterns than we would otherwise expect. These findings suggest that scholars should reconsider the role of staff in the legislative process.
A Brief Introduction to Q Methodology

Q methodology is a method to systematically study subjective matters such as thoughts and beliefs on any given topic. Q methodology can be used for both theory building and theory testing. The purpose of this paper was to give a brief overview of Q methodology to readers with various backgrounds. This paper discussed several advantages of Q methodology that makes it attractive to researchers and practitioners who are interested in understanding different perspectives or behavioral patterns toward any given topic, its distinct position as a methodology, and how it fits into the qualitative-mixed-quantitative continuum. The paper further used two research studies as applications to demonstrate how to perform a Q methodological study, involving the following steps: development of the Q sort statements; selection of the P set participants; Q sorting; and analysis and interpretation of Q sorts.
C. W. Beehler's collection of vertebrate fossils: A lost legacy

The Kimmswick ‘bone bed’, a late Wisconsin paleontological locality in Jefferson County, Missouri, south of St. Louis, has been known since the early nineteenth century. The site gained international recognition in 1843 when a German immigrant and enterprising entrepreneur, Albert Koch, sold a composite skeleton of an American mastodon to the British Museum, parts of which came from Kimmswick. A half-century later a mechanic, inventor, and fossil hunter named Charles W. Beehler spent several months each year between 1897–1904 exhuming a massive collection of vertebrate fossils, representing several taxa, but one dominated by American mastodon (Mammut americanum). In addition, Beehler discovered human artifacts that he deemed were associated with the extinct fauna, thus adding Beehler to a growing number of proponents of what was termed the ‘American Paleolithic’. In retrospect he may have indeed uncovered evidence for an association between humans and extinct fauna, but the relationship went unrecognized ...
An Implementation of a Biological Neural Model using Analog-Digital Integrated Circuits

Given the trends in reconfigurable hardware systems inspired by biology, we present a hardware implementation of a closed-loop neural system. The hardware implementation focuses on modeling the behavior of two-cells, PD-LP system of a Pyloric Network from a lobster's stomach. This two-cell network emulates, in real-time, a digital representation of interacting neurons whose biological behavior is known. We evaluated the circuit design by varying the circuit values to determine the appropriateness and range of operation of the model. Future development of hardware models will be used to evaluate the feasibility of creating a platform of specialized circuits or an FPNA of biological neural characteristics.
Posterior Shoulder Instability in the Young Patient

Posterior shoulder instability is an increasingly recognized and treated shoulder problem. First described by McLaughlin in 1952 [1], posterior shoulder instability has historically been missed and more often treated nonoperatively compared to anterior instability. While it is far less common than anterior instability, only 2–10 % of all reported cases of instability [1–3], posterior shoulder instability is increasingly recognized as a problem in athletes and in posttraumatic settings. More comprehensive imaging modalities and expanded treatment options, especially with the development and application of arthroscopic techniques, have brought this problem into the forefront among athletic injuries of the shoulder. Posterior instability can occur after singular events or can be chronic in nature. For example, overhead athletes can develop pathologic progression of subtle instability that results in inability to participate. Traumatic dislocations can result in labral tears and glenoid fractures, mirroring those of anterior injuries. Posterior instability more commonly responds to nonoperative treatment with physical therapy, but surgical options are increasingly reported. Outcomes published in the literature are excellent, though most series contain small groups of patients. Return to play in athletes of all types is good, and many reach their prior level of performance.
Combined kinase inhibitors of MEK1/2 and either PI3K or PDGFR are efficacious in intracranial triple-negative breast cancer.

Background Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), lacking expression of hormone and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 receptors, is an aggressive subtype that frequently metastasizes to the brain and has no FDA-approved systemic therapies. Previous literature demonstrates mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) pathway activation in TNBC brain metastases. Thus, we aimed to discover rational combinatorial therapies with MEK inhibition, hypothesizing that co-inhibition using clinically available brain-penetrant inhibitors would improve survival in preclinical models of TNBC brain metastases. Methods Using human-derived TNBC cell lines, synthetic lethal small interfering RNA kinase screens were evaluated with brain-penetrant inhibitors against MEK1/2 (selumetinib, AZD6244) or phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K; buparlisib, BKM120). Mice bearing intracranial TNBC tumors (SUM149, MDA-MB-231Br, MDA-MB-468, or MDA-MB-436) were treated with MEK, PI3K, or platelet derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR; pazopanib) inhibitors alone or in combination. Tumors were analyzed by western blot and multiplexed kinase inhibitor beads/mass spectrometry to assess treatment effects. Results Screens identified MEK+PI3K and MEK+PDGFR inhibitors as tractable, rational combinations. Dual treatment of selumetinib with buparlisib or pazopanib was synergistic in TNBC cells in vitro. Both combinations improved survival in intracranial SUM149 and MDA-MB-231Br, but not MDA-MB-468 or MDA-MB-436. Treatments decreased mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and PI3K (Akt) signaling in sensitive (SUM149 and 231Br) but not resistant models (MDA-MB-468). Exploratory analysis of kinome reprogramming in SUM149 intracranial tumors after MEK ± PI3K inhibition demonstrates extensive kinome changes with treatment, especially in MAPK pathway members. Conclusions Results demonstrate that rational combinations of the clinically available inhibitors selumetinib with buparlisib or pazopanib may prove to be promising therapeutic strategies for the treatment of some TNBC brain metastases. Additionally, effective combination treatments cause widespread alterations in kinase pathways, including targetable potential resistance drivers.
Effect of Loading on In Vivo Tibiofemoral and Patellofemoral Kinematics of Healthy and ACL-Reconstructed Knees:

Background:Although knees that have undergone anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) often exhibit normal laxity on clinical examination, abnormal kinematic patterns have been observed when the joint is dynamically loaded during whole body activity. This study investigated whether abnormal knee kinematics arise with loading under isolated dynamic movements.Hypothesis:Tibiofemoral and patellofemoral kinematics of ACLR knees will be similar to those of the contralateral uninjured control knee during passive flexion-extension, with bilateral differences emerging when an inertial load is applied.Study Design:Controlled laboratory study.Methods:The bilateral knees of 18 subjects who had undergone unilateral ACLR within the past 4 years were imaged by use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Their knees were cyclically (0.5 Hz) flexed passively. Subjects then actively flexed and extended their knees against an inertial load that induced stretch-shortening quadriceps contractions, as seen during the lo...
School Mathematics and “Real” Mathematics

This is a good time in the history of mathematics to reconsider the question “What is mathematics?” due to the large number of new fields of mathematics, and fields close to mathematics that we don’t consider to be mathematics, developed in the last century. What do subjects that are considered mathematics have in common, that those that are not part of mathematics lack? As a contribution to this approach, we discuss here the extent to which school mathematics is “real” mathematics.
The Role of Intersectionality in Marriage and Family Therapy Multicultural Supervision

ABSTRACTThis paper offers a framework for understanding intersectionality and its role within marriage and family therapy multicultural supervision. An explanation of intersectionality, social identity relationships, multicultural supervision foundations and the influence of power through supervision will be discussed. Further, this paper will describe foundational concepts in the multicultural supervisory dyad and challenges integrating intersectionality within marriage and family therapy supervision. Implications for clinical supervision and research directions are discussed through cross cultural models, a randomized control design and conversation analysis.
Opportunities for improved patron service with a new integrated library system

Dahlgren Memorial Library, the Graduate Health and Life Sciences Research Library at Georgetown University moved from the Sierra integrated library system (ILS) to Cybertools in July 2016. This art...
Surface charge effect of nanogel on emulsification of oil in water for fossil energy recovery

Abstract Crosslinked polymeric hydrogels in nano-size, termed as nanogels, have significant technological applications by stabilizing Pickering emulsion. Herein, we present our experimental observations and the results of the emulsion stability analysis on the effects of nanogel concentration, oil-to-water ratio, nanogel charge, and ambient temperature. The nanogel with neutral-charge showed extraordinarily high emulsifying ability, interfacial tension between decane and water was reduced from 51.98 mN·m−1 to less than 6.04 mN·m−1, compared to 47.5 mN·m−1 by nanosilica. When treated with neutral-charged nanogel, the oil-in-water emulsion exhibited long-term stabilization, 90% emulsion remained after one month at room temperature, showing the highest stability among the reported literature of Pickering emulsions. However, inorganic silica nanoparticles displayed emulsion stability in minutes. Of particular interest was that the emulsion volume remained 82% after thermal treatment at 65 °C for 48 h. The resulting high emulsion stability was attributed to a combination of high hydrophilicity, sufficient steric repulsion, and high surface coverage of nanogel. These observations indicated that the resulting nanogel can be a promising candidate toward enhanced oil recovery.
1658h The status of surveillance for occupational diseases in the usa

The goal of occupational surveillance is to document and characterise occupational hazards or adverse health effects; to monitor trends over time; to identify emerging problems; to generate hypotheses for research; and to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions. The U.S. Bureau of Labour Statistics collects and maintains data on occupational injuries, illnesses and fatalities and makes it available to the public. The gaps in the US national system are supplemented by a variety of other resources. This presentation will describe the US national system, the challenges to obtaining complete and accurate information, other sources of data and linkage methods that can fill the gaps, and recommendations for a more comprehensive system. Occupational surveillance challenges are universal and the potential ways to overcome them can be adapted according to local needs.
The known unknown: the challenges of genetic variants of uncertain significance in clinical practice.

As genetic testing technology has advanced, allowing scientists to obtain much of the raw data from our DNA, their ability to interpret these data has struggled to keep up. The result is the ubiquity of variants of uncertain significance (VUSs): findings from genetic testing for which the clinical significance is currently unresolved. What to do when these results are found is a problem that has vexed laboratories, clinicians, and patients alike. In this paper, I focus on the issues raised by VUSs in clinical practice, and suggest paths forward.
LINKING THE NCDR CATHPCI REGISTRY WITH ADMINISTRATIVE CLAIMS TO DETERMINE ATTRIBUTION OF REPEAT REVASCULARIZATION FOLLOWING INDEX DRUG-ELUTING STENT IMPLANTATION

Although more than 600,000 coronary stents are implanted during percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs) annually in the United States, no real-world surveillance system exists to monitor their safety, so claims data are often used for this purpose. We used deterministic matching to link patients
Creating a shared reality with robots

This paper outlines the system design, capabilities and potential applications of an Augmented Reality (AR) framework developed for Robot Operating System (ROS) powered robots. The goal of this framework is to enable high-level human-robot collaboration and interaction. It allows the users to visualize the robot's state in intuitive modalities overlaid onto the real world and interact with AR objects as a means of communication with the robot. Thereby creating a shared environment in which humans and robots can interact and collaborate.
Investigation of ma-N 2400 series photoresist as an electron-beam resist for superconducting nanoscale devices

Superconducting nanowire-based devices are increasingly being used in complex circuits for applications such as photon detection and amplification. To keep up with the growing circuit complexity, nanowire processing is moving from single layer fabrication to heterogeneous multilayer processes. Hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ) is the most common choice of negative-tone electron-beam resist for patterning superconducting nanowires. However, HSQ has several limitations, including an inability to be removed without a strong reagent that damages the superconducting film, making it unsuitable for multilayer fabrication. As a result, it is vital to consider alternative resists that can be removed through less harmful solvents. Here, the authors explore the use of ma-N 2400 series deep ultraviolet photoresist as an electron-beam resist for fabricating superconducting nanowire devices. They demonstrate that ma-N can be used to pattern dense lines as narrow as 30 nm and isolated features below 20 nm in width. They also examine the reproducibility of 36 identical superconducting devices by comparing their minimum dimensions and switching currents. Through this analysis, they conclude that ma-N 2400 is a suitable electron-beam resist for fabricating nanoscale devices and has the potential to expand the use of nanowire-based technologies into more advanced applications.Superconducting nanowire-based devices are increasingly being used in complex circuits for applications such as photon detection and amplification. To keep up with the growing circuit complexity, nanowire processing is moving from single layer fabrication to heterogeneous multilayer processes. Hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ) is the most common choice of negative-tone electron-beam resist for patterning superconducting nanowires. However, HSQ has several limitations, including an inability to be removed without a strong reagent that damages the superconducting film, making it unsuitable for multilayer fabrication. As a result, it is vital to consider alternative resists that can be removed through less harmful solvents. Here, the authors explore the use of ma-N 2400 series deep ultraviolet photoresist as an electron-beam resist for fabricating superconducting nanowire devices. They demonstrate that ma-N can be used to pattern dense lines as narrow as 30 nm and isolated features below 20 nm in width. They als...
69 Phosphorylation of mechanistic target of rapamycin in porcine blastocyst-stage embryos is dependent on the concentration of glutamine in the medium

Supplementation of glutamine to porcine embryo culture medium improves blastocyst development, increases leucine consumption, and enhances mitochondrial activity. In cancer cells, glutamine has been implicated in the phosphorylation and activation of mechanistic target of rapamycin (MTOR) to support rapid cellular proliferation. The objective of this study was to determine if phosphorylation of MTOR in porcine blastocysts was dependent upon the concentration of glutamine in the medium and presence of leucine, another activator of MTOR. Presumptive zygotes (n = 732 per treatment across 6 replicates) were split into four groups and cultured in 0, 1, 3.75, or 10 mM GlutaMAX, an L-glutamine alternative, with or without 0.2 mM leucine. On Day 6, percentages of embryos developed to the blastocyst stage were recorded. Blastocyst-stage embryos (n = 100 per treatment) were collected for immunoblotting to detect total MTOR and phosphorylated (Ser2448) MTOR (pMTOR) with 3 replicates per target. To assess MTOR and lysosomal colocalization as another indicator of MTOR activation, blastocyst-stage embryos (n = 15 per treatment) were fixed, probed with antibodies against MTOR and lysosomal associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1), and imaged on a confocal microscope. Data were analysed by using the GLM procedure in SAS 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc.), and differences between means were detected by using one-way ANOVA followed by a least significant difference test with P < 0.05 declared significant. Compared with the other treatments, culture in 0 mM GlutaMAX resulted in decreased blastocyst development with (26.2 ± 4.8%) or without (23.2 ± 3.0%) leucine. Embryos cultured in 3.75 mM GlutaMAX had increased development to the blastocyst stage (+Leu: 49.7 ± 4.2%; −Leu: 46.2 ± 2.6%) compared with culture in 1 mM (+Leu: 39.5 ± 3.5%; −Leu: 37.8 ± 2.1%). In the presence of leucine, culture in 0 mM GlutaMAX resulted in decreased pMTOR abundance compared with 3.75 or 10 mM GlutaMAX. In the absence of leucine, embryos cultured in 0 mM GlutaMAX had decreased abundance of total MTOR compared with all other groups, and pMTOR abundance was decreased in embryos cultured in 0 or 1 mM compared with 3.75 or 10 mM GlutaMAX. Furthermore, embryos cultured in 0 mM GlutaMAX had decreased colocalization of MTOR and LAMP1 compared with those cultured in 3.75 or 10 mM GlutaMAX. Therefore, glutamine supplementation is sufficient to prompt MTOR phosphorylation in porcine embryos. Further analyses are examining the phosphorylation status of MTOR downstream targets and effects of inhibiting enzymes involved in glutaminolysis. Funding was provided by the United States Department of Agriculture, National Institute of Food and Agriculture (2019-67011-29543) and Food for the 21st Century at the University of Missouri.
Comparison of Ceftriaxone and Antipseudomonal β-Lactam Antibiotics Utilized for Potential AmpC β-Lactamase Producing Organisms

Background: Induction of antibiotic resistance is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in AmpC β-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae. The use of ceftriaxone is controversial for tre...
Three Dimensional Finite Element Modeling

Numerical modeling of electromagnetic nondestructive testing problems has become in the last few years common enough to be considered an integral part of the engineering design practice. In particular, eddy current modeling activity has been on the increase because of the benefits afforded by such models and their relative simplicity and availability. This is certainly true for two dimensional and axisymmetric modeling where both general [1] and NDT models [2] exist. In many such cases, little more than a small computer and a reasonably trained person are needed.
Ultraviolet/Optical/Infrared Color Sequences along the Tidal Ring/Arm of Arp 107

We construct UV/optical/IR spectral energy distributions for 29 star forming regions in the interacting galaxy Arp 107, using GALEX UV, Sloan Digitized Sky Survey optical, and Spitzer infrared images. In an earlier study utilizing only the Spitzer data, we found a sequence in the mid-infrared colors of star-forming knots along the strong tidal arm in this system. In the current study, we find sequences in the UV/optical colors along the tidal arm that mirror those in the mid-infrared, with blue UV/optical colors found for regions that are red in the mid-infrared, and vice versa. With single-burst stellar population synthesis models, we find a sequence in the average stellar age along this arm, with younger stars preferentially located further out in the arm. Models that allow two populations of different ages and dust attenuations suggest that there may be both a young component and an older population present in these regions. Thus the observed color sequences may be better interpreted as a sequence in the relative proportion of young and old stars along the arm, with a larger fraction of young stars near the end. Comparison with star forming regions in other interacting galaxies shows that the Arp 107 regions are relatively quiescent, with less intense star formation than in many other systems.