cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pass-pic: A mobile user authentication

Conventional authentication methods utilizing alphanumeric username and passwords, PIN numbers, or any combination thereof have many weaknesses. On modern smart phones there are multiple ways users can authenticate. The traditional username password combination is used often as well as PIN passwords and pattern based passwords. The problem with these methods is that they are still vulnerable. A short password or to a much greater extent a PIN, or a pattern password can be defeated by various techniques such as smudge attacks, key loggers and so on. Our aim with Pass-Pic is to implement a picture based authentication system that is both more secure and easier for the user to both input and remember.
Dissolving the burden of generalized anxiety disorder.

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a common disorder marked by excessive anxiety, worry, and somatic manifestations lasting over 6 months. GAD occurs relatively early in life in the majority of individuals; it is often chronic and comorbid with other anxiety disorders, affective disorders, and/ or medical conditions. GAD is as functionally debilitating as major depression even without comorbidity and, hence, is associated with considerable economic and societal burdens as well as health care utilization. Underrecognition of GAD and undertreatment of this disorder are major factors contributing to the individual and societal burden of GAD. Earlier long-term studies in GAD reported low remission rates despite treatment. More recent data support the potential for achieving remission in GAD with appropriate treatment. There is a critical need to enhance mental health literacy programs and translate the efficacy data into effectiveness schemes in clinical practice by improving disease management strategies. A conceptual basis for achieving these goals is provided by moving from a disorder model to a disease model in psychiatric practice. This move allows for staging of psychiatric illnesses, with GAD as a prototypical example. For the clinician, the critical paradigm shift is in modifying the treatment goal from the attenuation of symptoms, as in a "response," to the achievement of a state of "remission" (i.e., a virtually asymptomatic state). Remission of symptoms allows for improvement of psychosocial functioning and quality of life and potentially wellness. In this review, a synopsis of the epidemiology, natural history, economic and social cost, and clinical management issues is given as a road map to dissolving the burden of GAD.
Using the kinetic Wulff plot to design and control nonpolar and semipolar GaN heteroepitaxy

For nonpolar and semipolar orientations of GaN heteroepitaxially grown on sapphire substrates, the development of growth procedures to improve surface morphology and microstructure has been driven in a largely empirical way. This work attempts to comprehensively link the intrinsic properties of GaN faceted growth, across orientations, in order to understand, design and control growth methods for nonpolar (1 1 2 0) GaN and semipolar (1 1 2 2) GaN on foreign substrates. This is done by constructing a comprehensive series of kinetic Wulff plots (or v-plots) by monitoring the advances of convex and concave facets in selective area growth. A methodology is developed to apply the experimentally determined v-plots to the interpretation and design of evolution dynamics in nucleation and island coalescence. This methodology offers a cohesive and rational model for GaN heteroepitaxy along polar, nonpolar and semipolar orientations, and is broadly extensible to the heteroepitaxy of other materials. We demonstrate furthermore that the control of morphological evolution, based on invoking a detailed knowledge of the v-plots, holds a key to the reduction of microstructural defects through effective bending of dislocations and blocking of stacking faults. The status and outlook of semipolar and nonpolar GaN growth on sapphire substrates will be presented.
Stress Management Effects on Psychological, Endocrinological, and Immune Functioning in Men with HIV Infection: Empirical Support for a Psychoneuroimmunological Model

We present a psychoneuroimmunologic (PNI) model for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection, describe a 10-week group-based cognitive behavioral stress management (CBSM) intervention and summa...
An investigation of sulfur determination in liquid iron using sulfur sensors with MgS-based solid electrolytes

Abstract A sulfur sensor using a MgS2%TiS 2 solid electrolyte was prepared, and the galvanic cell can be expressed by Mo|[S] Fe |MgS  2%TiS 2 (wt)Mo, MoS 2 |Mo. Sulfer determination in liquid iron was carried out at 1375°C in the furnace atmosphere without introducing any protective atmosphere. The relation between the measured EMF and the chemical analysis (%S) is as follows: Log (% S ) = −0.3694−0.0077 E ( mV ). In addition, the determination of the sulfur potential in the CuCu 2 S system was carried out at 1375°C. The partial electronic conduction parameter for the MgS2%TiS 2 solid electrolyte at 1375°C, P e' , was then deduced to be 6 × 10 −9 (atm). The parameter, P e' , and the sulfur activity coefficient, ƒ s , were introduced as corrections for the theoretical EMF-(%S) relationship.
Factor structure of the Inventory of Parent Accommodations of Children’s Symptoms (IPACS) in a community sample

ABSTRACTObjective: To examine the factor structure of the Inventory of Parent Accommodations of Children’s Symptoms (IPACS) among a community sample of healthy children. Method: An online survey was completed by 220 parents ages 18-65 (M = 34.49; 96% female) for a study examining the effects of parent behaviors on frequency of general sickness and pain complaints (e.g., headaches and stomachaches) in otherwise healthy children. The survey included the IPACS, a measure of parent behaviors and responses to sickness or pain complaints, as well as items that assessed sociodemographics and frequency of sickness and pain complaints in children. Results: Exploratory factors analysis of the IPACS revealed a 12-item measure yielding three discrete, yet related subscales. Additionally, parent accommodations were slightly associated with an increase in sickness and pain complaints in children (r (220) = .153, p<.05). Conclusions: These findings suggest that parent behaviors during general sickness and pain complaint...
The effects on iron absorption of gastro-intestinal secretions from patients with iron-deficiency anaemia and haemochromatosis.

We have investigated the effects of gastric and intestinal secretions from normal human subjects and those with iron-deficiency anaemia and haemochromatosis on the in vitro uptake of 59Fe by everted rat gut segments. Whereas gastric secretions from normal subjects did not potentiate the uptake, intestinal secretions did. This effect was more marked with gastric and intestinal secretions obtained from patients with iron-deficiency anaemia and haemochromatosis, but it disappeared with prior heating. These findings suggest that gastric and intestinal secretions play a role in the regulation of iron absorption.
Transition to global stochasticity in a driven Morse oscillator

We studied the IR multiphton excitation and dissociation process of a Morse oscillator driven by an external sinusoidal field. Primary resonances and an infinite sequence of secondary resonances have been found that can be analyzed by using Chirikov's nonlinear resonance theory. The transition threshold to global stochasticity is also estimated based on the overlap criterion. Above the threshold dynamical flows are slowed down by the presence of cantori, as clearly demonstrated by the time-dependent dissociation rates calculated for several ensembles of initial points. A scaling law is found in the vicinity of the threshold with a critical exponent in close agreement with that predicted for the standard map.
Nanoparticle-filled silane films as chromate replacements for aluminum alloys

Silane surface treatments have been developed as an alternative for toxic and carcinogenic chromate-based treatments for years. It is consistently observed that ultra-thin silane films offer excellent corrosion protection as well as paint adhesion to metals. The silane performance is comparable to, or in some cases better than, that of chromate layers. The most recent studies also showed that the silane films can be thickened and strengthened by loading of a small amount of nanoparticles such as silica and alumina into the films resulting in enhanced corrosion protection of aluminum alloys.
Effect of some ternary additions on the sulfidation of Ni-Mo alloys

Five ternary additions, Cr, Ti, Mn, V, and Al were studied at equi-atomicpercent levels (17 a/o) for their effect on the sulfidation behavior of Ni-19a/o Mo (28–30 w/o) over the range of 600–800°C in 0.01 atm S2. Al was by far the most effective addition. A linear decrease in log kp vs. Al content was observed up to 7.5w/o Al, beyond which no further change was observed. All alloys followed the parabolic rate law. Arrhenius plots gave activation energies of 36.9–41.2 Kcal/mol for alloys containing Ti, Cr, Mn, and V, whereas the activation energies for Al-containing alloys were 47.2 Kcal/mol, indicating that a different diffusion process was involved. Complex scales were formed on all alloys, consisting of an outer layer of Nis1+x and complex inner layers which depended upon alloy composition. Two alloys, those with Cr and Mn, formed intermediate layers of Cr2S3 and MnS, respectively, but these layers had little effect on the kinetics. MoS2 was a constituent of the inner scales except for the alloys with Al. A ternary sulfide, Al0.55Mo2S4 and Al2S3 were observed. The presence of the mixed sulfide was always associated with the low sulfidation rates. The formation of MoS2 on alloys results in a different, less-protective behavior than for MoS2 formed on pure Mo. This effect is due to the intercalation of Ni into MoS2 in octahedral positions between the weakly bonded layers of covalently bonded sheets of trigonal prisms. The size of Al+3 is too small to be intercalated, and thus MoS2 is destabilized by Al.
Glutathione Depletion and Disruption of Intracellular Ionic Homeostasis Regulate Lymphoid Cell Apoptosis

Intracellular glutathione (GSH) depletion is an important hallmark of apoptosis. We have recently shown that GSH depletion by its extrusion regulates apoptosis independently of excessive reactive oxygen species accumulation. However, the mechanisms by which GSH depletion regulates apoptosis are still unclear. Because disruption of intracellular ionic homeostasis, associated with apoptotic volume decrease (AVD), is necessary for the progression of apoptotic cell death, we sought to evaluate the relationship between GSH transport and ionic homeostasis during Fas ligand (FasL)-induced apoptosis in Jurkat cells. GSH depletion in response to FasL was paralleled by distinct degrees of AVD identified by differences in cellular forward scatter and electronic impedance analysis. Inhibition of GSH efflux prevented AVD, K+ loss, and the activation of two distinct ionic conductances, mediated by Kv1.3 and outward rectifying Cl– channels. Reciprocally, stimulation of GSH loss accelerated the loss of K+, AVD, and consequently the progression of the execution phase of apoptosis. Although high extracellular K+ inhibited FasL-induced apoptosis, GSH depletion was largely independent of K+ loss. These results suggest that deregulation of GSH and ionic homeostasis converge in the regulation of apoptosis in lymphoid cells.
Linking Yeast Transcription Factor Structural Class and Detailed Binding Preferences with in vivo Regulatory Functions

Cellular responses to internal and external stimuli through changes in gene expression are in part controlled by the binding of regulatory transcription factors (TFs) to specific sequences of DNA. These TFs belong to a wide variety of DNA binding domain (DBD) structural classes. Sequence specificity is diverse between structural classes, but TFs within each class often have apparently redundant sequence preferences. To understand how cells use these regulators to coordinate networks of responses, it is essential to determine how regulatory function is shared and partitioned between factors of similar and different structures and DNA binding specificities. Are certain structural classes better suited for certain functions? Are detailed differences in binding preferences among apparently similar TFs relevant to in vivo function? Using genome-wide datasets, we have described trends in biological function and regulatory mechanisms within TF structural classes in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. These trends suggest general ways in which TF function may be distributed across structural classes according to the biophysical constraints dictated by each DBD structure. Such analyses do not show, however, how specific details of an individual TF's binding specificity might affect its biological function. New data from protein binding microarrays (PBMs) provide such detailed TF binding preference information at all possible 8 base-pair DNA sequences. By combining these PBM data with in vivo binding locations measured by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP-chip) experiments, we can infer the functional importance of specific types of TF binding sites (ie low and high affinity sites). This and other analyses made possible by the high resolution PBM data, when combined with observed functional trends in structural classes, will demonstrate how the cell utilizes both general and specific biophysical TF properties to accomplish cellular functions.
The nature of a document is changing

Electronic computers and display devices began a movement of documents from paper form to electronic form. But the vast array of options for electronic displays is so much broader than the options available on paper that the basic nature of a document and how it is created is changing. It is not simply providing an electronic analog to paper documents that is happening but we are positioned to take more advantage of the electronic components becoming available and their interconnectivity using networks like the Internet to provide more useful and pertinent information in the form of modern intelligent documents. We discuss the opportunities and possible ways to take advantage of these opportunities to move documents into a new realm.
Similarity of Folate Receptor Expression in UMSCC 38 Cells to Squamous Cell Carcinoma Differentiation Markers

Background The folate receptor is a 38 to 39 kd glycoprotein attached to the cell membrane via a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor. It serves as the initiation point for receptor-coupled transport of folate in a process known as potocytosis. The receptor is overproduced by a number of malignant cell lines in vitro and in a large percentage of ovarian and uterine malignancies. Immunohistochemistry has shown the receptor to be expressed primarily in normal differentiated tissues such as choroid plexus, placenta, thyroid, and kidney. The receptor gene(s) has been mapped to the human chromosomal locus 11q13. Purpose In order to better understand regulation of the synthesis of the receptor, we studied the expression and accumulation of the folate receptor in UMSCC 38 cells, a human malignant squamous cell carcinoma line with a karyotype that is amplified at the folate receptor gene locus. Methods Western blot analysis of octylglucoside-solubilized cell membranes was used to analyze expression of several proteins by UMSCC 38 cells grown in culture under varied conditions. Bands on autoradiographs, representing electrophoresed proteins detected by indirect antibody labeling and an enhanced chemiluminescence reaction, were quantitated by densitometry. Results The expression of the folate receptor was found to increase approximately fourfold as UMSCC 38 cells were grown to higher cell densities over increasing lengths of time, ranging from 3 to 9 days, in culture. The expression of K1 keratin protein, a known marker of differentiation in squamous cell carcinomas, was elevated to a similar degree (3.2-fold) between day 5 and day 9 in cultures of these cells. Expression of folate-receptor protein in UMSCC 38 cells was also found to be reduced approximately 10-fold when cells were exposed to 1 microM retinoic acid for 48 hours and increased approximately eightfold after a 5-day exposure to 3 microM hydrocortisone. Conclusions We present evidence that synthesis of the folate receptor in UMSCC 38 cells is affected by the same pathway that changes the expression of some markers of differentiation in squamous cell carcinomas. Implications The fact that folate receptor expression in these malignant cells can be manipulated using retinoids and steroids suggests that these hormones could modulate the efficiency of folate and antifolate uptake via the folate receptor and may enhance the usefulness of the receptor as a target for immunotherapy.
TIMED solar EUV experiment: preflight calibration results for the EUV grating spectrograph

The Solar EUV Experiment (SEE) on the Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) satellite will make measurements of the spectral irradiance of the Sun in the soft x-ray, extreme ultraviolet (EUV), and far ultraviolet (FUV) wavelength range. The EUV Grating Spectrograph (EGS) component of SEE is a 1/4 meter Rowland circle spectrograph with a mechanically-ruled concave grating and a microchannel plate detector with a two-dimensional 1024 x 64 coded anode (CODACON) readout. The EGS covers the wavelength range from approximately 26 to 197 nm. The primary calibration of the instrument was done at the NIST Synchrotron Ultraviolet Radiation Facility (SURF) III on their beam line #2. We will detail the calibration methods and results for the EGS, paying attention to the quantification of sensitivity variations over the instrument's large field of view (12.5 degree(s) x 5.3 degree(s)), plus scattered light, second-order, and linearity corrections.
Effectiveness of developmental intervention in the neonatal intensive care unit: implications for neonatal physical therapy.

Purpose:Interdisciplinary team members interact with infants to facilitate progressive physiologic stability. The focus of the physical therapist’s role is promotion of sensorimotor development in infants born preterm. The aim of this review was to examine evidence for physical therapist practice in
Real-time measurement of solute transport within the lacunar-canalicular system of mechanically loaded bone: direct evidence for load-induced fluid flow.

Since proposed by Piekarski and Munro in 1977, load-induced fluid flow through the bone lacunar-canalicular system (LCS) has been accepted as critical for bone metabolism, mechanotransduction, and adaptation. However, direct unequivocal observation and quantification of load-induced fluid and solute convection through the LCS have been lacking due to technical difficulties. Using a novel experimental approach based on fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) and synchronized mechanical loading and imaging, we successfully quantified the diffusive and convective transport of a small fluorescent tracer (sodium fluorescein, 376 Da) in the bone LCS of adult male C57BL/6J mice. We demonstrated that cyclic end-compression of the mouse tibia with a moderate loading magnitude (-3 N peak load or 400 µe surface strain at 0.5 Hz) and a 4-second rest/imaging window inserted between adjacent load cycles significantly enhanced (+31%) the transport of sodium fluorescein through the LCS compared with diffusion alone. Using an anatomically based three-compartment transport model, the peak canalicular fluid velocity in the loaded bone was predicted (60 µm/s), and the resulting peak shear stress at the osteocyte process membrane was estimated (∼5 Pa). This study convincingly demonstrated the presence of load-induced convection in mechanically loaded bone. The combined experimental and mathematical approach presented herein represents an important advance in quantifying the microfluidic environment experienced by osteocytes in situ and provides a foundation for further studying the mechanisms by which mechanical stimulation modulates osteocytic cellular responses, which will inform basic bone biology, clinical understanding of osteoporosis and bone loss, and the rational engineering of their treatments.
New Struggles, New Strategies: Emerging Patterns of Women's Political Participation in the South African Parliament

This article examines the processes of political learning for women activists-turned-parliamentarians within South Africa's first democratically elected parliament. Crossing the boundary into formal political roles has transformed women's notions of themselves as political actors and altered the ways they participate in the politics. This article explores this transformation as well as how these women are re-constructing their gender identity. Women legislators vary from a complete acceptance of women's issues to a total avoidance of any association with gender politics. The most significant conclusion of this study is that the women in parliament who most clearly resemble the majority of South African population in terms of educational, economic, racial, and occupational backgrounds are also the most likely to be alienated from the processes of policy-making and the most likely to leave parliament in order to return to grassroots activism.
Biochemical And Structural Characterization Of Intramembrane Proteases

In regulated intramembrane proteolysis membrane proteins are cleaved within their transmembrane region, resulting in soluble fragments that regulate cell physiology. The intramembrane proteases responsible for cleavage are widespread with important roles in human biology and disease. Rhomboids catalyze the activation of epidermic growth factor receptor ligands in D. melanogaster. How rhomboids recognize their substrates and select which peptide bond to cleave is not understood. We have studied the substrate specificity and peptide bond selectivity of purified rhomboids from several organisms using chimeric transmembrane substrates. Analysis of the proteolytic products by mass spectrometry reveals that cleavage occurs in the membrane/water interface at sites shared by both eukaryotic and prokaryotic rhomboids. Mutagenesis of the substrates reveals a helical amino acid motif that is crucial for substrate recognition and peptide bond selection. With insight from computational data a model for the substrate-enzyme complex will be presented.Gamma-Secretase catalyzes the production of amyloid beta-peptides involved in Alzheimer's disease. Using negative-stain single-particle electron microscopy we have determined the structure of a native-like 500kDa gamma-secretase complex comprising presenilin, nicastrin, APH-1, and PEN-2 that is fully catalytically active. Antibody labeling of the extracellular domain of nicastrin was employed to ascertain the topology of the reconstruction. Active site labeling with a gold-coupled transition state analog inhibitor demonstrates that gamma-secretase contains a single active site facing a large conical internal cavity. This cavity, surrounded by a ~35A thick transmembrane protein wall, extends from the extracellular side of the membrane to past the membrane centre, where it narrows to finally close at the cytoplasmic side. Based on our structure we suggest a model for gamma-secretase function, in which a hydrophobic transmembrane helix substrate is hydrolyzed by catalytic aspartyl moieties at the interface of a water-accessible internal cavity away from the surrounding lipid environment.
Thermal history sensing inside high-explosive environments using thermoluminescent microparticles

Thermoluminescent LiF:Mg,Ti (TLD-100) microparticle sensors are demonstrated to record the thermal history of the region near a detonated high explosive. Microparticles were gamma-irradiated to fill their charge-carrier traps and then exposed to the detonation of 20 g of a plastic bonded explosive formulation containing HMX and Al particles at a test distance of approximately 22 cm from the center of the detonation. The thermal history was reconstructed by measuring the thermoluminescent signature of the traps and matching it to appropriate models. The trap populations derived from luminescence measurements and modeling indicate that the particles experienced a maximum temperature of 240 °C, then cooled to 1 °C above ambient temperature within 0.4 seconds. The resulting glow curve intensity is calculated to match the observed post-detonation signal to 3% averaged over the comparison values used for reconstruction.
In Treatment: Writing Beneath the Surface

How a text is written influences what is written. The writing process involves more than grammar and sentence structure. The authors use Laurel Richardson’s “writing-story” to discuss the process of writing a dissertation. The authors share how they negotiated the advisor—advisee relationship throughout the dissertation process. Narratives are used to illustrate the differing perceptions experienced and negotiated within the advisor—advisee relationship. Mentoring emerging scholars requires knowledge of the student beyond evaluation of his or her manuscript. Five aspects writing frame the discussion: trust, communication, time, identity, and reflexivity.
After Airline Deregulation and Alfred E. Kahn

Among Alfred E. "Fred" Kahn's many accomplishments, none is better remembered than his pivotal role in deregulation of the US airline industry. Kahn's commitment to marry core microeconomic principles with institutional analysis, willingness as Chairman of the Civil Aeronautics Board to step outside the "regulation as usual box," and appealing wit made him the face of the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978, one of the great microeconomic policy triumphs. Lessons drawn from Kahn's work and the airline deregulation experience remain instructive for current academic research and regulatory policy design across broad sectors of the economy.
Response functions and thermal motions of a simple n-dimensional lattice model

A simple n-dimensional lattice model is used and the atomic motion both normal and tangential to the lattice surface is discussed. Two different problems are considered and related; these are (i) the tangential and normal response functions of the lattice atoms and (ii) their tangential and normal thermal motion. The results are highly relevant to the theory of accommodation coefficients, which at present is effectively restricted, with very few exceptions, to (a) normal impact of gas atoms on a solid surface and (b) solid surfaces initially at rest (0°K classically). Other problems to which some of the results are relevant are (i) X-ray and electron scattering by crystals (including the theory of the Debye-Waller factor); this involves the mean square displacements of the lattice atoms while undergoing thermal motion and (ii) the Mossbauer effect; this involves the mean square displacements and velocities of the atoms. A simple method (summation over normal modes of the lattice) of calculating some of the relevant functions is described and applied to some special cases; this method is particularly good for the calculation of the response functions. The paper is restricted mainly to the use of classical mechanics.
Streptomycin and artificial pneumoperitoneum in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis.

An analysis is made of the results obtained in the treatment of 117 patients with streptomycin and pneumoperitoneum combined and with pneumoperitoneum alone. None of them was subjected to surgical paralysis of the phrenic nerve. The damage to the drainage mechanism of the lungs and bronchial tree following the development within the lungs of irreparable pathological changes and the role of streptomycin and pneumoperitoneum in the restoration of this drainage mechanism are discussed. The sooner collapse by means of pneumoperitoneum is accomplished before cavity and advanced irreparable pathological changes develop in the lung, the more adequate will be the end results. Length of treatment with pneumoperitoneum is important in determining the eventual outcome of the case, but the extent and character of the disease at the beginning of treatment are the deciding factors in determining this.
Abstract A40: Association between smoking status and free, total, and percent free prostate-specific antigen

Background: There are scant data available on the relationship between smoking and total prostate-specific antigen (tPSA), free PSA (fPSA) and percent-free PSA (%fPSA). Given the high prevalence of smoking and frequency of PSA screening, it is important to determine any association between smoking and PSA values using nationally representative data. Materials and Methods: Included in the final study population were 3,820 men aged ≥40 years who participated in the 2001-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and met eligibility criteria for PSA testing. The distributions of tPSA, fPSA, and %fPSA were estimated by sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Multivariate linear regression models were fit to determine the adjusted relationship between smoking and tPSA and %fPSA while controlling for these characteristics simultaneously. Results: For all ages combined, the median tPSA and fPSA were 0.90 (0.81–0.90) ng/ml and 0.26 (0.25–0.28) ng/ml, respectively. The multivariate linear regression analysis showed that tPSA was 7.9% and 12.2% lower among current and former smokers, respectively, than that among never smokers. High body mass index and diabetes were also statistically significantly associated with lower tPSA level. About one third of the men had a %fPSA<25. Current smokers had significantly lower %fPSA compared with former smokers. Conclusions: Our findings that smoking is inversely associated with tPSA may have potential implications for the interpretation of PSA levels in men who are current or former smokers. Given the high prevalence of smoking, obesity, and diabetes, additional research on the combined effect of these health risk factors is warranted. Citation Format: Jun Li, Trevor Thompson, Djenaba Joseph, Viraj Master. Association between smoking status and free, total, and percent free prostate-specific antigen [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Prostate Cancer Research; 2012 Feb 6-9; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(4 Suppl):Abstract nr A40.
New distribution and host records of four whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae: Aleyrodinae) intercepted on Magnolia (Magnoliaceae) at U.S. ports of entry

Abstract New distribution and host records are provided for four whiteflies intercepted at U.S. ports of entry on propagative material of Magnolia from Asia. Aleuroclava latus (Takahashi, 1934), Aleuroclava nitidus (Singh, 1932), and Cockerelliella meghalayensis Sundararaj & David, 1992 were intercepted on the leaves of Magnolia spp. (Magnoliaceae) from Thailand. Cockerelliella indica Sundararaj & David, 1932 was intercepted on the leaves of Magnolia yunnanensis (Hu) Nooteboom from China. An identification key to the puparia of the whiteflies found on Magnolia species is included along with revised descriptions and illustrations of all the species based on the specimens intercepted at U.S. ports of entry.
Rearrangement of cationic sites in CuH-ZSM-5 and reactivity loss upon high-temperature calcination and steam aging

Abstract The state and reactivity of isolated copper ions in Cu-ZSM-5 treated at elevated temperatures were monitored in situ by ESR under flowthrough conditions. Steam aging (620-630°C, 17 h) or dry calcination (850-900°C, 30 min) induces a change in Cu2+ coordination without noticeable agglomeration or encapsulation of the isolated ions. All Cu2+ ions remain accessible to gas-phase molecules: O2 causes dipole-dipole signal broadening; H2O sorption leads to the increase of the local crystal field symmetry; and the admission of CCl4 results in a noticeable change in CU2+ local coordination. At the same time, the reactivity of these altered CU2+ sites and their ability to adsorb different molecules is substantially affected. No stabilization of nitrosyl complexes on specimens calcined at 900°C was observed, distinct from the case of Cu-ZSM-5500. The bond strength between an altered Cu2+ site and the strong ligand-NO2 is decreased. The sorption of C3H6 on Cu-ZSM-5900 at 20°C is not accompanied by noticeable reduction of CU2+ sites. Even at 500°C in a [C3H6 + He] flow a noticeable part of copper ions (20-30%) preserves the CU2+ state. A partial stabilizing effect of the Cu2+ cations on framework Al3+ in ZSM-5 is demonstrated: the steam aging of pure H-ZSM-5 at 650°C results in an almost total destruction of the sites where Cu2+ ions may be exchanged. The introduction of the Cu2+ before steaming preserves these sites from total destruction and only a transformation in local topography takes place. The surface moieties, containing both CU2+ and Al3+ ions, are a part of the zeolitic framework but must also be "flexible" enough to change symmetry upon additional ligand bonding. The high-temperature calcination or steaming at intermediate temperatures appears to affect this ability. The practical implications are discussed.
Preservice Teachers Experience Reading Response Pedagogy in a Multi-User Virtual Environment

AbstractThis qualitative case study describes how 18 preservice teachers learned to nurture literary meaning-making via activities based on Louise Rosenblatt's Reader Response Theory within a multi-user virtual environment (MUVE). Participants re-created and responded to scenes from selected works of children's literature in Second Life as a way to investigate reader response pedagogy in question. We found that, consistent with Harris, Mishra, and Koehler's (2009) TPACK activity types, these preservice teachers were able to learn about a technology integration activity within the context of building English Language Arts (ELA) pedagogical content knowledge.
The effects of chlorhexidine on cell detachment in vitro

Abstract The effects of the plaque inhibitor, chlorhexidine, on the detachment of Ehrlich ascites cells using a known shearing force were studied. When a force of approximately 9.6 dyn/cm 2 was applied to cells treated for 30 min with 30 (0.00003 per cent) or 60(0.00006 per cent) μg/ml of chlorhexidine, the percentage of detached cells was significantly greater than in controls. Detachment with smaller (15 μg/ml) or larger doses (120 μg/ml) was not statistically significant. The detailed mechanism of cell detachment cannot be determined from the present data. In the doses used in this experiment, chlorhexidine does not exhibit proteolytic activity as measured by release of dye from Azocoll, but inhibits proteolytic activity of trypsin. Cell division is significantly inhibited with doses of chlorhexidine ranging from 15 to 120 μg/ml.
Near saturation laser induced chemical reactions of Na(3 2P32,12) in H2/O2/N2 flames

Abstract Laser induced chemical reactions of electronically excited Na(3 2 P 3 2 , 1 2 ) have been observed from fluorescence measurements in stoichiometric and rich H 2 /O 2 /N 2 flames under laser saturated conditions. Such removal of excited sodium by H 2 O and H 2 is sufficiently fast relative to the laser pulse duration to significantly modify the free sodium concentration. This possibility, previously overlooked, has significant implications concerning the general interpretation of all laser saturated absorption data. It also provides a new approach for studying the high temperature chemistry of electronically excited states.
Trapping of Holes and Excitons in Scintillators: CsI and ${\rm LaX}_{3}$ ( ${\rm X}={\rm Cl}$ , Br)

We present computational results for trapping of polarons and excitons in undoped CsI, LaCl3 and LaBr3 , using plane-wave-pseudopotential density functional theory with Hartree-Fock exact exchange. The optimized VK center and STE in CsI is a distortion of two iodine atoms from the lattice to form an interstitial bound I2- molecule, consistent with previous theoretical and experimental results. In both LaCl3 and LaBr3, the relaxed STE configuration involves only one displaced halide ion, and does not form an X2-. The calculated luminescence energy for the STE in LaCl3 and LaBr3 is 4.1 and 3.7 eV, respectively.
A newer immunoglobulin intravenous (IGIV) - Gammagard liquid 10%: evaluation of efficacy, safety, tolerability and impact on patient care.

Background: Even though all immunoglobulin intravenous (IGIV) end products have high IgG concentrations, variations in manufacturing processes lead to unique product characteristics. Objective: Solvent/detergent-treated IGIV (IGIV-S/D) liquid 10% (Gammagard® or Kiovig® liquid) is one of the newer products, and this article will discuss and compare its efficacy, safety, tolerability and effect on patient care. Methods: The search terms ‘immunoglobulin,’ ‘IGIV,’ ‘IVIG,’ and ‘liquid’ were entered into PubMed/Medline and Google for the literature search in preparation of this manuscript. Additional references were screened from researched literature. Results/conclusion: Gammagard liquid 10% has shown significant activity in primary immunodeficiency and immune thrombocytopenic purpura. It is a sugar- and sodium-free product with improved safety, tolerability and convenience. Overall, Gammagard liquid is a valuable addition to available therapies that has utility in life-threatening and complicated diseases, an...
Discussion of “Evidence of differing market responses to beating analysts’ targets through tax expense decreases”

Gleason and Mills (2008, Review of Accounting Studies) extend prior research investigating whether investors detect obvious earnings management. They improve on previous efforts to answer this question by examining firms with a clear motivation to manage earnings and by investigating a specific earnings management tool. They investigate firms that fall short of analysts’ expectations when income tax expense is based on the third quarter effective tax rate but meet expectations by reducing the fourth quarter tax expense below predicted tax expense. Their results suggest that investors are sophisticated enough to identify a transparent earnings management tool and that they discount the fact that firms meet expectations using such an obvious tactic. Specifically, the authors find evidence suggesting that the reward for meeting analysts’ expectations is 86% lower when managers use the tax expense as an earnings management tool to meet expectations. The puzzling feature of their results is that, although it is diminished, investors still reward firms for meeting expectations when they can only do so through an apparently obvious manipulation of tax expense.
Manipulating mechanics and chemistry in precision optics finishing

Deterministic processing is critical to modern precision optics finishing. Put simply, determinism is the ability to predict an outcome before carrying out an activity. With the availability of com...
Effect on laryngeal adductor function of vincristine block of posterior cricoarytenoid muscle 3 to 5 months after recurrent laryngeal nerve injury.

Objectives:It has been shown in a canine model that a single injection of vincristine into the posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) muscle at the time of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury effectively blocks its reinnervation and results in improved adductor strength. But clinically, such injuries are usually diagnosed weeks or months after onset. Vincristine injection does not affect a muscle that is already innervated; thus, there is a limited time frame following RLN injury during which a vincristine injection could effectively improve ultimate laryngeal adductor functional recovery. A series of delayed injections was performed in a canine model and results assessed.Study Design:Animal (canine) experiment.Methods:The RLN was transected and repaired, and vincristine (0.4 mg) was injected into the PCA muscle at the time of injury (n = 12) or 3, 4, and 5 months later (n = 8 each study group). Six months after RLN injury, laryngeal adductor function was measured. Results of vincristine injection without RLN ...
Foreign Investment and Environment in a North-South Model with Cross-border Pollution

We develop a North-South model with cross-border pollution. In the South, pollution is abated by both private producers and the public sector. The North suffers from cross-border pollution from the South. The policy instruments are foreign aid for the North, and funds for public abatement, emission tax rate, and a tax on foreign capital, for the South. We characterize the Nash equilibrium under two scenarios: foreign investment is (i) exogenous, and (ii) endogenous. Under (i), we examine the effect of a reform where both foreign investment and aid are changed in an income-neutral way. In the latter case, we analyze the effect of a tax-induced change in foreign investment on pollution. In both scenarios, an inflow of foreign investment unambiguously reduces the net emission of pollution.
Guest Editorial: Optical Properties Of Optical Materials

Modern high technology is somewhat taken for granted by most people. To those who have witnessed and participated, even to a limited extent, in the tremendous and rapid changes in electronics since the 1940s, the times have caused some confusion and consternation, but always with a sense of excitement and urgency to get on with the next development. Optics and its related technologies have been a part of this upheaval and have moved so far to the forefront that today the line between electronics and optics has all but faded out. Consider the implications of such disciplines as quantum optics, electro-optics, and opto-electronics. It was only a short time ago that the national determination to enter the space age and the advent of the laser accelerated optics toward its present place in high technology, with spinoffs into countless other fields. A listing of SPIE symposiums over the years indicates the extent of this penetration of optics.
Pit formation observed in a multilayer dielectric coating as a result of simulated space environmental exposure

Certain spaceborne telescope designs require that dielectric-coated lenses be exposed to the energetic electrons and protons associated with the space environment. Test coupons that were exposed to a simulated space environment showed extensive pitting as a result of dielectric breakdown. A typical pit was 50–100 µm at the surface and extended to the substrate material, in which a 10-µm-diameter melt region was found. Pitting was not observed on similar samples that had also been overcoated with a transparent conductive thin film. Measurement of the bidirectional reflectance distribution transfer function showed that pitting caused a fivefold to tenfold increase in the scattering of visible light.
A new D3h symmetry-adapted method for highly excited vibrational levels of floppy triatomics: the H+ 3 molecule

Abstract A novel method for accurate calculation of highly excited large amplitude motion vibrational states of triatomic molecules is presented, which employs three sets of Jacobi coordinates. The method is particularly well suited for D 3h floppy systems, since it allows easy construction of basis sets which reflect the full S 3 permutational symmetry of the three identical nuclei. This reduces the computational effort and leads to unambiguous symmetry assignment of the calculated levels. The application to H + 3 has produced converged vibrational ( J =0) levels up to ≈30000 cm −1 above the potential minimum; their energies are in excellent agreement with, or lower than, those from previous calculations.
The Subfamily Leptohyphinae (Ephemeroptera: Tricorythidae) Part I

Brief characterizations are given of the subfamily and of each of its six genera: Tricorythafer (Africa), Tricorythodes and Leptophyphes (North and South America), Leptohyphodes (Brazil), Bruchella (Argentina), and the new genus Tricorythopsis , type T. artigas (Uruguay). One other species, Leptohyphes mithras (Costa-Rica) is described as new, and redescriptions based on type material are given for Tricorythafer fugitans (Needham) and Tricorythodes australis (Banks), n. comb. (Tricorythus a. Banks). Also, additions and emendations are given to earlier descriptions of Leptohyphes indicator and L. mollipes. The nymph originally associated with Tricorythafer fugitans is found to belong instead to the family Caenidae.
Hippocampal α2A-adrenergic receptors are located predominantly presynaptically but are also found postsynaptically and in selective astrocytes

Alpha-adrenergic receptor, subtype 2A (alpha2A-AR), activation is one of the primary modes of action for norepinephrine (NE) in the rat hippocampal formation. In this study, alpha2A-AR immunoreactivity (alpha2A-AR-I) was localized by light and electron microscopy in the rat hippocampus and dentate gyrus by using a previously characterized antibody to the rat alpha2A-AR. By light microscopy, dense alpha2A-AR-I was observed in the pyramidal and granule cell layers. Diffuse and slightly granular alpha2A-AR-I was found in the neuropil in all other laminae, notably stratum lacunosum-moleculare. Ultrastructurally, alpha2A-AR-I was found in neuronal cytoplasm associated with large multivesicular-like organelles and with clusters adjacent to endoplasmic reticula and/or plasmalemma. The distribution of alpha2A-AR-I in the strata oriens, radiatum, and lacunosum-moleculare of hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions and in the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus was remarkably similar (n > 2,000 profiles examined): alpha2A-AR-I was found in axons and terminals (approximately 40%), glia (approximately 30%), dendritic spines (approximately 25%), and dendritic shafts (approximately 5%). This mixed pre- and postsynaptic distribution was not seen in the stratum lucidum of the CA3 region and the dentate hilar region, where most alpha2A-AR-I was found in axons (approximately 60%) and glia (approximately 30%). Alpha-2A-AR-labeled axons were small and unmyelinated; labeled terminals usually formed asymmetric synapses on unlabeled spines; and labeled dendritic spines were morphologically similar to pyramidal or granule cells. Dual labeling studies demonstrated that some axons contained alpha2A-AR-I and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the catecholaminergic synthesizing enzyme, and that some TH-labeled terminals were in close proximity to alpha2A-AR-labeled spines and glia. These studies demonstrate that hippocampal alpha2A-AR-I is localized (1) presynaptically in both noncatecholaminergic and catecholaminergic terminals, (2) postsynaptically in the dendritic spines of pyramidal and granule cells near catecholaminergic terminals, and (3) in some glial processes. These results suggest several sites for NE to exert its effects on hippocampal alpha2A-ARs.
Environment-enhancing algal biofuel production using wastewaters

Abstract The potential of algae-based biofuels to replace petroleum fuels and mitigate greenhouse gas production through microalgal photosynthesis has long been recognized. However, currently there are no commercial algae-to-fuels technologies that can overcome techno-economic barriers and address serious sustainability concerns. Coupling microalgae cultivation with wastewater treatment is considered as one of the most promising routes to produce bio-energy and bio-based byproducts in an economically viable and environmentally friendly way. This paper critically reviews the current status of this specific niche research area covering utilization of different types of wastewaters as media for algae cultivation, microalgae selection, bioreactor type, cultivation mode, environmental factors and operational parameters as well as harvesting techniques and production of a broad spectrum of biofuels and byproducts through various conversion pathways. Future development of practical solutions to key problems and integration of advanced algae cultivation and wastewater treatment, and system analysis approach to the evaluation of economic feasibility and sustainability of wastewater-based algal biofuel production are also discussed in depth.