cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of acquired resistance to modulation of 5-fluorouracil by leucovorin in HCT-8 human ileocecal carcinoma cells.

Repeated (10x) exposure of HCT-8 human ileocecal carcinoma cells to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) for 2 or 72 hr, both incubations in the continuous presence of 20 microM leucovorin (LV), yielded two stable modulation-resistant sublines, FL2h and FL72h. Although LV potentiated growth inhibition by 5-FU 2-fold in parental HCT-8 cells, it did not potentiate the effect of 5-FU in the FL2h or FL72h sublines. LV modulation of 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (5-FdUrd) was also reduced (FL72h) or eliminated (FL2h). In the FL2h and FL72h sublines, the level of thymidylate synthase (TS) protein and TS activity in cell extracts, TS activity in situ, the rate of cellular uptake and metabolism of LV, and the level of 5-FU incorporation into total cellular RNA were similar to those in parental HCT-8 cells. However, LV significantly (P 0.1). Resistance to modulation of 5-FU by LV was associated with the inability of LV to increase the formation of intracellular TS-FdUMP-methylenetetrahydrofolate ternary complexes, and these complexes dissociated more rapidly (T1/2 > 1.5- to 3-fold faster) in the presence of different concentrations of 5,10-methylenetetrahydropteroylpentaglutamate. Thus, decreased stability of ternary complexes appears to be the mechanism of acquired resistance to the LV modulation of fluoropyrimidine cytotoxicity, possibly due to mutation(s) of TS in these two modulation-resistant HCT-8 sublines.
Pathogen-Specific Humoral Response in Treponema pallidum-Infected Humans, Rabbits, and Guinea Pigs

Molecular analysis of the humoral response to pathogen-specific polypeptides was done using sera from patients at different stages of syphilis and sera from Treponema pallidum-infected rabbits and guinea pigs collected at various times after infection. The sera were examined by ELISA, fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test (FTA-ABS), and immunoblot before and after sequential adsorption with cyanogen bromide-activated Sepharose 4B coupled individually to five sonicated nonpathogenic treponemes. Guinea pig antisera were also adsorbed with rabbit proteins. After adsorption, sera from all three species reacted neither by ELISA nor by immunoblot with nonpathogenic treponemes, nor did guinea pig sera react with rabbit proteins. Regardless of the species of treponema used for initial adsorption, none by itself could effectively remove all cross-reactivities. Nine pathogen-specific polypeptides (15, 17, 33, 37, 39, 43, 45, 47, 97 kDa), eight (15-47 kDa) known as integral membrane or endoflagellar components, were commonly recognized by the tree species when chancre immunity developed. The substantial reduction in immune reactivity after adsorption suggests that most of these peptides consist of specific and common treponemal epitopes. Throughout the various stages of the human disease, pathogen-specific antibodies were exclusively of the IgG isotype.
“Please Tell Them I'm So Lonely”

Abstract In the training of students to work in the area of serious mental illness (SMI), it is essential that students learn about people before they learn about diagnosis, medications, and neurotransmitters gone awry. This paper describes an experimental seminar in SMI for first semester freshmen. Student, client, agency, and teacher perspectives are described.
Self-assembly of rodcoil molecules

Block copolymers and their low molar mass analogues, where a fraction of the backbone is rigid and the remainder has low torsional energies, are referred to as 'rodcoils' for obvious reasons. Various self-assembled structures formed by rodcoils have been observed over the past year, including aligned strips, nanostructures sometimes ordered in a supperlattice, and other microstructures with unusual zig-zag and arrowhead-shaped domains. Such nanostructures, varying in symmetry, could mimic folded proteins and form novel supramolecular materials in which the basic constituent is a discrete aggregate of rodcoil molecules.
Aging with Spinal Cord Injury: Considerations in the Management of Younger Patients

It is now appreciated that spinal cord injury (SCI) affects both the quality and rate of the aging process. This may manifest with age-related complications in the musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, or integumentary systems. In addition, persons with SCI may experience psychosocial and functional changes that are related to aging. Individuals injured at a younger age will experience a correspondingly longer exposure to this aging--disability interaction. Persons with SCI and their caregivers should be aware of the known effects of aging with this disability and design the plan of care to lessen the impact whenever possible. This article will provide an overview of aging with SCI and suggest areas warranting special attention in the care of those injured at a younger age.
Salvage Bone Marrow Harvest in Patients Failing Plerixafor-Based Stem Cell Mobilization Attempt: Feasibility and Autologous Transplantation Outcomes

Inadequate mobilization of peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPC) is sometimes a limiting factor to proceed with an autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (auto-HCT), in an otherwise eligible patient. In such situations, a bone marrow harvest (BMH) procedure may be considered to achieve the CD34+ target dose for an autograft. Plerixafor-based mobilization has recently been shown to improve PBPC collection yields. However, the feasibility and outcomes of BMH in patients failing plerixafor-based mobilization is not known. We report here, 6 patients who underwent BMH after PBPC mobilization failure with plerixafor. The median CD34+ yield with plerixafor mobilization and BMH were 1.15 x 10^6/Kg (range, 0.2-1.7 × 10^6/Kg) and 0.32 (range, 0.12-0.38 × 10^6/Kg), respectively. Three patients proceeded to an auto-HCT, with only 1 patient receiving CD34+ cell dose of at least 2 × 10^6/Kg. While neutrophil recovery was seen, platelet recovery and red cell transfusion independence were delayed. All 3 autografted patients experienced disease progression by day +100. These data suggest, limited incremental benefit of a salvage BMH after plerixafor mobilization failure, cautioning against routine use of this strategy.
Victim Character Evidence in Death Penalty Cases: How Many Songs Is Too Many?

The U.S. Supreme Court’s Payne decision opening the door to victim impact testimony in capital cases generally, and to victim character evidence particularly, has been controversial. The issue is w...
Control of silicon network structure in plasma deposition

Abstract Controllability of the Si network structure ranging from amorphous to microcrystalline, polycrystalline, or epitaxial growth has been achieved in conventional glow discharge of silane by controlling the extent of hydrogen ‘etching’ during film growth. The concept of film formation as a balance between deposition and ‘etching’ of the growing surface is discussed. Since energetically unfavorable configurations are preferentially eliminated, ‘etching’ reduces the temperature required to remove weak or strained bonds and produces device quality a-Si:H. It is also responsible for achieving low temperature crystallinity.
Silicon LEDs and Lasers

This presentation will review the state of the art in silicon-based LEDs and lasers. Results obtained using various materials, including bulk silicon, silicon quantum dots, nanostructured silicon objects, silicon doped with various light-emitting centers such as erbium, and alloys with Ge will be discussed
Multiple or Single Sourcing

Examines the combinations available to purchasers regarding the selection of suppliers (sources), e.g. the use of a single or two or more (multiple) sources. Considers the justification of either method in the context of reducing the uncertainty (risk) of a particular purchase. Illustrates the marketers view of sourcing and the differing sales tactics employed according to the suppliers′ preferences. Concludes that purchasers should examine uncertainty buying‐selling situations (UBSS) objectively with regard to their own organizations′ need criteria, e.g. cost and timeliness, this determining the relevant sourcing policy.
Outcomes assessment: information for improving mental health care.

Findings from ongoing assessments in two states illustrate strategies for using outcomes information.
The Logical Structure of Just War Theory

A survey of just war theory literature reveals the existence of quite different lists of principles. This apparent arbitrariness raises a number of questions: What is the relation between ad bellum and in bello principles? Why are there so many of the former and so few of the latter? What order is there among the various principles? To answer these questions, I first draw on some recent work by Jeff McMahan to show that ad bellum and in bello principles are not, as often portrayed, independent—the justice of conduct in war largely presupposes the justice of the recourse to war. Undermining this independence claim is one important step toward revealing the unified logical structure of just war theory. I then argue that we can see the dependence of the jus in bello upon the jus ad bellum, not just in the content of certain principles, but also in the structure of the two sets of principles: I construct a one-to-one mapping between ad bellum and in bello principles. In doing so, I argue also that the shared structure successfully finds place for the questions central to the evaluation of the morality of war: what is a sufficient provocation to use force, what objectives may be sought by force, why or for what ends, who has authority to decide to use force, and when or in what circumstances? Despite variations in expression, the theory allows for a coherent and comprehensive evaluation of morality in warfare.
Organ and effective dose estimates for patients undergoing hepatic arterial embolization for treatment of liver malignancy

Purpose: Effective dose ( E ) is useful as a dose index for patient exposures in interventional radiology; therefore, the authors estimated E from the kerma-area product ( P K A ) utilized during hepatic embolization interventional radiology cases performed at a cancer center and determined the variation of such doses over a representative patient population. Methods: A single-center, IRB-approved retrospective study was performed to estimate doses from consecutive hepatic embolization procedures performed during 2006. Organdoses E and E / P K A were determined from patient height, weight, P K A , procedure geometry factors, beam quality, the PCXMC Monte Carlo model, and the International Commission on Radiological Protection organ weighting factors. Results: One hundred thirteen patients were included in the study population, 72 males and 41 females, with a median age of 63 yr (29–89 yr), weight of 79 kg (42–111 kg), height of 170 cm (147–188 cm), and P K A of 233 Gy cm 2 ( 9 – 1020 Gy cm 2 ) . E was directly correlated with P K A r 2 = 0.8 ( p 0.01 ) , with a median E / P K A of 0.18 mSv Gy − 1 cm − 2 ( 0.12 – 0.33 mSv Gy − 1 cm − 2 ) . The E / P K A ratio was inversely and exponentially correlated with weight r 2 = 0.9 ( p 0.001 ) . The median E (mSv) for the study patient population was 44 mSv (2.0–255 mSv). Conclusions: Values of E can be estimated utilizing patient-specific and procedure-specific parameters. The strong inverse correlation of E / P K A with patient weight allows simple estimation of E from P K A and patient weight. There is a wide variation in effective dose in oncologic hepatic embolizations with doses up to an order of magnitude higher than diagnostic imaging of the abdomen by CT radiology. Variation is likely due to patient geometry, clinical technique factors, and procedure complexity.
A psychometric examination of the multidimensional perfectionism scale

The Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (MPS), developed by Frost, Marten, Lahart, and Rosenblate (1990), was constructed using an all female sample at an elite university. This study examined the psychometric properties of the instrument using a more typical sample (n=278) of college students from a large state university and a small liberal arts college, both located in the South. Significant differences were found on the overall MPS score as well as six of the seven subscales between this sample and that of Frostet al. No gender differences were found for any of the MPS scores. Internal reliability was found to be .88 for the total score, with subtests ranging from .57 to .95. Interscore correlations were relatively consistent with the Frostet al. sample except for a negative correlation between the PS subscale and the total score. There was a strong confirmation of the underlying factor structure reported by Frostet al. The overall impression was that the MPS is a psychometrically sound instrument of potential value in studying the construct of perfectionism.
Ion transport in Aplysia juliana intestine: Stimulation by exogenous sugars

Abstract 1. 1. Addition of d -glucose to the mucosal bathing medium stimulated rapid, sustained increases in transmural potential difference (serosa negative) and short-circuit current. 2. 2. The change in short-circuit current increased curvilinearly with increasing concentrations of mucosal d -glucose. 3. 3. Addition of phlorizin to the mucosal bathing medium partially inhibited the d -glucose stimulation of transmural potential difference and short-circuit current. 4. 4. The sugar-induced transmural potential difference and short-circuit current were dependent on Na+ − K+ ATPase activity. 5. 5. The major portion of the sugar-induced short-circuit current is carried by a net active chloride transfer from mucosa to serosa while the minor portion of the short-circuit current is predominantly carried by a net active sodium transfer from mucosa to serosa.
Hydrology, salinity and hydric soil development in a North Dakota prairie-pothole wetland system

The morphology and selected physical, mineralogic, and chemical characteristics of pedons collected in seven North Dakota wetlands were examined to investigate the development of hydric soils associated with wetlands of the Northern Plains. The wetlands were chosen using established field criteria to be representative of ground-water recharge, flowthrough, and discharge conditions. All profiles collected in recharge wetlands were nonsaline, free of carbonate, and exhibited clay illuviation to some degree, the result of seasonal ponding, fluctuating water tables, and downward, saturated water flow characteristic of recharge conditions. Recharge profiles also exhibited continuous sediment aggradation due to erosion of the surrounding upland and deposition in the wetland. High organic matter production under such conditions resulted in overthickened A-horizons. Soil classes ranged from Typic Argiaquolls if argillic horizons are present, to Cumulic Haplaquolls if illuviation was not as well expressed. Soil development in the wet-meadow and shallow-marsh zones of flowthrough wetlands was influenced by higher, more stable, more brackish water tables. Profile morphology reflected a continuum from dominantly-recharge to dominantly-discharge hydrology. All profiles were calcareous. The more saline profiles also contained gypsum. Soil classes ranged from Cumulic Haplaquolls of calcareous, mixed mineralogy to Typic Calciaquolls. The presence of high, saline water tables and mechanical sorting of soil surfaces by wave action retarded soil development in the discharge wetland periphery. Soils were uniformly saline, calcareous, and gypsiferous. Soil classes ranged from Fluvaquentic Haplaquolls to Typic Fluvaquents.
The reaction of [FeII(tpa)] with H2O2 in acetonitrile and acetone--distinct intermediates and yet similar catalysis.

The reaction of [Fe I I (tpa)-(OTf) 2 ] (tpa=tris(2-pyridylmethyl)-amine) and its related 5-Me 3 -tpa complex with hydrogen peroxide affords spectroscopically distinct iron(III)-peroxo intermediates in CH 3 CN and acetone. The reaction in acetonitrile at -40°C results in the formation of the previously reported Fe I I I -OOH intermediate, the end-on hydroperoxo coordination mode of which is established in this paper by detailed resonance Raman isotope-labeling experiments. On the other hand, the reaction in acetone below -40°C leads to the observation of a different peroxo intermediate identified by resonance Raman spectroscopy to be an Fe I I I -OOC (CH 3 ) 2 OH species; this represents the first example of an intermediate derived from the adduct of H 2 O 2 and acetone. The peroxoacetone intermediate decays more rapidly than the corresponding Fe I I I -OOH species and converts to an Fe I V =O species by O-O bond homolysis. This decay process is analogous to that observed for [Fe I I I -(tpa)(OOtBU)] 2 + and in fact exhibits a comparable enthalpy of activation of 54(3) kJ mol - 1 . Thus, with respect to their physical properties at low temperature, the peroxoacetone intermediate resembles [Fe I I I (tpa)(OOtBU)] 2 + more than the corresponding Fe I I I -OOH species. At room temperature, however, the behavior of the Fe(tpa)/H 2 O 2 combination in acetone in catalytic hydrocarbon oxidations differs significantly from that of the Fe(tpa)/tBuOOH combination and more closely matches that of the Fe(tpa)/H 2 O 2 combination in CH 3 CN. Like the latter, the Fe(tpa)/ H 2 O 2 combination in acetone catalyzes the hydroxylation of cis-1,2-dimethylcyclohexane to its tertiary alcohol with high stereoselectivity and carries out the epoxidation and cis-dihydroxylation of olefins. These results demonstrate the subtle complexity of the Fe(tpa)/ H 2 O 2 reaction surface.
Mechanical analysis of the effects of cephalic trim on lower lateral cartilage stability.

Objective: To determine how mechanical stability changes in the lower lateral cartilage (LLC) after varying degrees of cephalic resection in a porcine cartilage nasal tip model. Methods: Alar cartilage was harvested from fresh porcine crania (n=14) and sectioned to precisely emulate a human LLC in size and dimension. Flexural mechanical analysiswasperformedbothbeforeandaftercephalictrims of 0 (control), 4, and 6 mm. Cantilever deformation tests were performed on the LLC models at 3 locations (4, 6, and 8 mm from the midline), and the integrated reaction force was measured. An equivalent elastic modulus of the crurawascalculatedassumingthatthegeometryoftheLLC model approximated a modified single cantilever beam. A 3-dimensionalfiniteelementmodelwasusedtomodelthe stressdistributionoftheprescribedloadingconditionsfor each of the 3 types of LLC widths. Results:Astatisticallysignificantdecrease(P=.02)inthe equivalent elastic modulus of the LLC model was noted at themostlateralpointat8mmandonlywhen4mmofthe strut remained (P=.05). The finite element model revealed that the greatest internal stresses was at the tip of the nose when tissue was flexed 8 mm from the midline. Conclusion: Our results provide the mechanical basis for suggested clinical guidelines stating that a residual strut of less than 6 mm can lead to suboptimal cosmetic results owing to poor structural support of the overlying skin soft-tissue envelope by an overly resected LLC.
Pulmonary toxicity in a rabbit model of stereotactic lung radiation therapy: Efficacy of a radioprotector

This study aimed to assess the efficacy of the radioprotector amifostine in limiting radiation toxicity in a rabbit model of lung stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) by correlating contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (ce-MRA), computed tomography (CT), and helium-3 (He-3) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with histopathology. Multiple MRI techniques were tested to obtain complementing physiologic information. Thirteen rabbits received SBRT to the right lower lobe of the lung. Specifically, 4 received 3 × 11 Gray (Gy), 6 received 3 × 11 Gy and 50 mg/kg of amifostine pre-SRBT, and 3 received 3 × 7, 3 × 9, or 3 × 13 Gy. Imaging was performed at baseline and 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks post-SBRT. Ce-MRA perfusion difference between lungs in the irradiated group at 16 weeks post-treatment was statistically significant (P = .04) whereas the difference in the irradiated + amifostine group was not (P = .30). Histologically observed low red blood cell (RBC) count and CT hypodensity suggests changes were primarily related to perfusion; however, structural changes, such as increased alveolar size, were also present. No changes in He-3 MRI lung ventilation were observed in either group. Although radiation-induced injury detected in rabbits as CT hypodensity contrasted with increased density observed in humans/rodents, the changes in ce-MRA and CT were still significantly reduced after the addition of amifostine to SBRT. Use of CT and selected MRI techniques helped to pinpoint primary physiologic changes.
The role of hematite ilmenite solid solution in the production of magnetic anomalies in ground- and satellite-based data

Abstract Remanent magnetization (RM) of rocks with hematite–ilmenite solid solution (HISS) minerals, at all crustal levels, may be an important contribution to magnetic anomalies measured by ground and satellite altitude surveys. The possibility that lower thermal gradient relatively deep in the crust can result in exsolution of HISS compositions with strong remanent magnetizations (RM) was studied for two bulk compositions within the HISS system. Samples from granulite-terrane around Wilson Lake, Labrador, Canada contains titanohematite with exsolved ferrian ilmenite lamellae. Other samples from the anorthosite-terrane of Allard Lake, Quebec, Canada contain ferrian ilmenite with exsolved titanohematite lamellae. In both cases, the final exsolved titanohematite has similar Ti content and carries dominant magnetic remanence with REM (=NRM/SIRM, where NRM is the natural remanent magnetization and SIRM is the saturation isothermal remanent magnetization) that is comparable to the Ti-free end member. The RM was acquired prior to exsolution and the ilmeno-hematite-rich rock possesses thermal remanent magnetization (TRM), whereas rocks with hemo-ilmenite possess chemical remanent magnetization (CRM). In both cases, we found fairly large homogeneous grains with low demagnetizing energy that acquired intense RM. The magnetism of the ilmeno-hematite solid solution phases is not significantly perturbed by the continuous reaction: ilmeno-hematite≧titanohematite solid solution. Hence, the occurrence of HISS in rocks that cooled slowly in a low intensity magnetic field will have an intense magnetic signature characterized by a large REM.
A recording sampling system for measuring laser energy.

An apparatus has been designed and built which simultaneously measures the energy incident on a biological system which is being exposed to a laser beam. The advantages of the direct reading system are: (1) no attention is required of the laser operator, (2) a permanent record is produced, (3) true integration of the pulse train is accomplished, (4) high inherent accuracy, (5) in conjunction with a fast oscilloscope, it reproduces pulse waveforms with minimum distortion, and (6) calibration is simple and direct. Basically the system employs a fast high-current capability photodiode, a high-quality integrating capacitor, an emission-limited pump diode with a servo-motor amplifier combination for dark current balance. The photodiode cathode surface is S-1 so that both ruby and neodymium wavelengths 694.3 mμ and 1060 mμ, respectively, may be measured. Reproducibility is better than 3% when compared with a blackbody receiver (cone radiometer). A Tektronix 585A oscilloscope and P-80 cathode follower probe fitted with a 50-Ω load resistor can be plugged into the photodiode housing in place of the integrating capacitor for waveform observation and power-level measurements. Calibration on an absolute basis is easily accomplished by simultaneous comparison with a calibrated blackbody receiver (cone radiometer).
High risk biochemical relapse and the timing of androgen deprivation therapy.

Purpose: Although the timing of androgen deprivation therapy in patients with prostate specific antigen-only relapse remains controversial, a large amount of data exists supporting the use of androgen deprivation early in the clinical course in patients with high risk localized prostate cancer as well as in those with metastatic disease. We offer guidance on its use in patients with prostate specific antigen recurrence only.Materials and Methods: We reviewed recent data on androgen deprivation for nonmetastatic prostate cancer, including updates from phase III, randomized studies of androgen deprivation in conjunction with radiation therapy or surgery in patients with high risk features.Results: We commented on the extent to which these data on androgen deprivation for nonmetastatic prostate cancer could be extrapolated to the setting of recurrent disease. In addition, we reviewed retrospective analyses of androgen deprivation in patients with prostate specific antigen-only relapse and prognostic data reg...
Effect of Propranolol and IFN-β on the Induction of MHC Class II Expression and Cytokine Production by IFN-γ in THP-1 Human Monocytic Cells

This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of propranolol, IFN-beta, and the protein kinase modulators on IFN-gamma induction of MHC class II antigen expression and cytokine production in THP-1 human monocytic cells. IFN-gamma induced expression of HLA-DR and DQ molecules and secretion of the monokines IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha in THP-1 cells in a time and dose-dependent manner. The effect of INF-gamma on class II HLA antigens was dose-dependently inhibited by IFN-beta. H-7, phloretin, staurosporine as well as GF 109203X are selective enzyme inhibitors of protein kinase C (PKC), down-regulating IFN-gamma induced MHC class II expression and cytokine production. Stimulators of PKC, like PMA, replaced IFN-gamma in the induction of monokines in THP-1 cells, whereas the addition of HA 1004 or arachidonic acid to the culture had no effect on IFN-gamma mediated changes. Blocking of phospholipase D (PLD)-derived diacylglycerol (DAG) formation by propranolol abrogated IFN-gamma increased HLA class II expression and IL-1 beta secretion, but had little effect on IFN-gamma induced TNF-alpha production. These findings appear to suggest that PLD-derived phosphatidate is not the primary source of DAG production in IFN-gamma-induced TNF-alpha secretion, but may be necessary for IFN-gamma-mediated MHC class II induction and IL-1 beta production in human monocytes, whereas phospholipase A2 may not be required for IFN-gamma activation of PKC in the process.
Quality of life of adolescents with cancer: family risks and resources

The goal of this study was to evaluate the relative contribution of treatment intensity, family sociodemographic risk, and family resources to health-related quality of life (QOL) of 102 adolescents in treatment for cancer. Adolescents and parents completed self-report measures of teen QOL, family functioning, and parent-child bonding. Based on parent report of family sociodemographic variables, an additive risk index was computed. A pediatric oncologist rated treatment intensity. Simultaneous regression analyses demonstrated the significant contribution of roles in family functioning and quality of parent-child relationship to prediction of psychosocial QOL (parent and teen-reported) as well as parent-reported teen physical QOL over and above the contribution of treatment intensity. Family sociodemographic risk did not contribute to QOL in these regression analyses. In additional analyses, specific diagnosis, types of treatment and individual sociodemographic risk variables were not associated with QOL. Parent and teen ratings of family functioning and quality of life were concordant. Family functioning, including quality of parent-child relationship, are central and potentially modifiable resistance factors in teen QOL while under treatment for cancer. Even more important than relying on diagnosis or treatment, screening for roles and relationships early in treatment may be an important aspect of determining risk for poor QOL outcomes.
Intraoperative radiation therapy in recurrent ovarian cancer

Purpose: To evaluate disease outcomes and complications in patients with recurrent ovarian cancer treated with cytoreductive surgery and intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT). Methods and Materials: A retrospective study of 24 consecutive patients with ovarian carcinoma who underwent secondary cytoreduction and intraoperative radiation therapy at our institution between 1994 and 2002 was conducted. After optimal cytoreductive surgery, IORT was delivered with orthovoltage X-rays (200 kVp) using individually sized and beveled cone applications. Outcomes measures were local control of disease, progression-free interval, overall survival, and treatment-related complications. Results: Of these 24 patients, 22 were available for follow-up analysis. Additional treatment at the time of and after IORT included whole abdominopelvic radiation, 9; pelvic or locoregional radiation, 5; chemotherapy, 6; and no adjuvant treatment, 2. IORT doses ranged from 9–14 Gy (median, 12 Gy). The anatomic sites treated were pelvis (sidewalls, vaginal cuff, presacral area, anterior pubis), para-aortic and paracaval lymph node beds, inguinal region, or porta hepatitis. At a median follow-up of 24 months, 5 patients remain free of disease, whereas 17 patients have recurred, of whom 4 are alive with disease and 13 died from disease. Five patients recurred within the radiation fields for a locoregional relapse rate of 32% and 12 patients recurred at distant sites with a median time to recurrence of 13.7 months. Five-year overall survival was 22% with a median survival of 26 months from time of IORT. Nine patients (41%) experienced Grade 3 toxicities from their treatments. Conclusion: In carefully selected patients with locally recurrent ovarian cancer, combined IORT and tumor reductive surgery is reasonably tolerated and may contribute to achieving local control and disease palliation.
A Review of: “The Weeping Willow: Encounters with Grief”

This book collects real-life stories about loss and grief taken from the authors' clinical experiences as grief counselors in Israel. Lynne Halamish is a masters degree trained counselor and Doron ...
Cheese whey effects on surface soil hydraulic properties

Whey the liquid byproduct of cheese production, can improve the physical condition of sodic soils or those susceptible to erosion by increasing their aggregate stability. The effects ofwhey on soil hydraulic properties, however, are not known. In this experiment, we used tension infiltrometers to determine whey effects on infiltration rates of water (at suctions ≥ 30 mm of water) and unsaturated hydraulic conductivities of Ap horizons ofa a Portneuf silt loam (coarse-silty, mixed, mesic Durixerollic Calciorthid) after a winter wheat crop. In the summer of 1993 near Kimberly, ID, USA, liquid whey was flood-applied at either 0, 200, 400, or 800 t/ha to plots planted to wheat the previous September. At suctions of 60 and 150 mm, infiltration rates decreased linearly by about 0.7 μm/s with each additional 100 t/ha of whey applied. As whey applications increased, hydraulic conductivities at 60 mm suction increased slightly but as applications exceeded 400 t/ha decreased significantly. We concluded that summer whey applications up to 400 t/ha would not adversely affect surface hydraulic properties.
Assessment of Student Learning: Estudios Chicana/o Cultivating Critical Cultural Thinking.

In recent years, academic programs have increasingly documented student learning. For many, this practice of measuring and analyzing student learning outcomes continues as an elusive endeavor fraught with resentment and misgiving. This article describes the development of a student learning assessment plan for the University of Wyoming’s Chicano Studies Program. An initial program assessment facilitated the development of a faculty agreed-upon mission, goals, and learning outcomes. A summative course embedded assessment strategy provides direct evidence for determining student learning achievement. Student exit interviews provide additional evidence suggesting that Chicana/o Studies curricula help in cultivating a critical cultural thinking framework oriented toward social justice and activism. Current anti-immigrant and anti-Latina/o sentiments provide the context for a discussion of the study’s implications.
In search of illumination invariants

We consider the problem of determining functions of an image of an object that are insensitive to illumination changes. We first show that for an object with Lambertian reflectance there are no discriminative functions that are invariant to illumination. This result leads as to adopt a probabilistic approach in which we analytically determine a probability distribution for the image gradient as a function of the surface's geometry and reflectance. Our distribution reveals that the direction of the image gradient is insensitive to changes in illumination direction. We verify this empirically by constructing a distribution for the image gradient from more than 20 million samples of gradients in a database of 1,280 images of 20 inanimate objects taken under varying lighting condition. Using this distribution we develop an illumination insensitive measure of image comparison and test it on the problem of face recognition.
Clival Ectopic Pituitary Adenoma Mimicking a Chordoma: Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Background. Purely ectopic pituitary adenomas are exceedingly rare. Here we report on a patient that presented with an incidental clival mass thought to be a chordoma. Endonasal resection, tumor pathology, and endocrinology workup revealed a prolactinoma. Case Presentation. A 41-year-old male presented with an incidental clival lesion presumed to be a chordoma. On MRI it involved the entire clivus, extended laterally to the petroclival junction, and invaded the cavernous sinuses bilaterally, encasing both internal carotid arteries, without direct extension into the sella. Intraoperatively, it was clear that the tumor originated from the clivus and that the sellar dura was completely intact. Frozen-section pathology was consistent with a pituitary adenoma. Immunostaining was positive for synaptophysin and prolactin with a low Ki-67 index, suggestive of a prolactinoma. Additional immunohistochemical stains seen in chordomas (EMA, S100, and Brachyury) and other metastatic tumors were negative. A postoperative endocrine workup revealed an elevated serum prolactin of 881.3 ng/mL (normal < 20). Conclusions. In conclusion, it is crucial to maintain an extensive differential diagnosis when evaluating a patient with a clival lesion. Ectopic clival pituitary adenomas, although rare, may warrant an endocrinological workup preoperatively as the majority may respond to medical treatment.
The Relationship between Body Mass Index and Post-Cessation Weight Gain in the Year after Quitting Smoking: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction There is wide variability in the amount of weight gained when quitting smoking, but little is known about key predictors of weight gain. We examined the impact of body mass index (BMI) category and sociodemographic variables on post-cessation weight gain. Materials and Methods We utilized National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from five consecutive cycles of data collection from 2003–2004 to 2011–2012 to estimate post-cessation weight gain by BMI category among recent quitters (n = 654). We analyzed data on their “current weight” and their “past year weight”. We also compared the recent quitters with current smokers, in order to estimate the amount of weight that could be attributed to quitting smoking. Results Recent quitters gained 1.4 kg (95% CI: 0.8 to 2.0), while current smokers had a non-significant weight change (-0.01 kg (95% CI: -0.3 to 0.2). Weight gain was significant for those in the normal weight (3.1 kg, 95% CI: 2.3 to 3.9) and overweight BMI categories (2.2 kg, 95% CI: 1.1 to 3.2). Conclusions BMI category is a key factor in the extent of post-cessation weight gain, with normal and overweight recent quitters gaining significant amounts of weight.
Dynamics of a self-diffusiophoretic particle in shear flow.

Colloidal particles can achieve autonomous motion by a number of physicochemical mechanisms. For instance, if a spherical particle acts as a catalyst with an asymmetric surface reactivity, a molecular solute concentration gradient will develop in the surrounding fluid that can propel the particle via self-diffusiophoresis. Theoretical analyses of self-diffusiophoresis have mostly been considered in quiescent fluid, where the solute concentration is usually assumed to evolve solely via diffusion. In practical applications, however, self-propelled colloidal particles can be expected to reside in flowing fluids. Here, we examine the role of ambient flow on self-diffusiophoresis by quantifying the dynamics of a model Janus particle in a simple shear flow. The imposed flow can distort the self-generated solute concentration gradient. The extent of this distortion is quantified by a Peclet number, Pe, associated with the shear flow. Utilizing matched asymptotic analysis, we determine the concentration gradient surrounding a Janus particle in shear flow at a small, but finite, Peclet number and the resulting particle motion. For example, when the symmetry axis of the particle is aligned with the imposed flow, the Janus particle experiences an $\text{O}(\text{Pe})$ cross-streamline drift and an $\text{O}({\text{Pe}}^{3/2})$ reduction in translational velocity along the flow direction. We then analyze the in-plane trajectory of the Janus particle in shear. We find that the particle performs elliptical orbits around its initial position in the flow, which decrease in size with increasing Pe.
Experimental study of the spanwise wake compression of a trapezoidal pitching panel

Aquatic animals can maneuver and propel themselves through a variety of means. Among these means, are the oscillation and undulation of the flukes and fins of different cetaceans and fishes. The motions of these species can be employed to develop thrust-producing, highly three-dimensional wakes. Recently, a great deal of interest in incorporating certain biological propulsion schemes into engineering designs has been generated. Experiments have shown that bio-inspired propulsors can develop large efficiencies, with some efficiencies being greater than those of a screw-propeller propulsion system.In the current work, stereoscopic particle image velocimetry (PIV) was used to characterize the wake produced by a rigid, trapezoidal pitching panel. Prior work has shown that one of the dominant parameters governing wake structure is the Strouhal number. Detailed analysis in terms of Strouhal number is the focus of the current work, and the Strouhal number range tested was from 0.17 to 0.56.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma occurring as a mass in the neck.

Extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma is a rare malignant neoplasm. Arising from a primitive mesenchymal stem cell and primarily affecting young adults, this lesion demands aggressive therapy, including surgical treatment, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy.
Erratum to: Addendum New Table of the Studentized Maximum Modulus

In the original edition the Pillai and Ramachandran (1954) table of critical points for the studentized maximum modulus was included in Appendix B as Table III. These critical points and a few additional points computed by Dunn and Massey (1965) were the only ones readily available at the time. The need for a more comprehensive table was filled by Hahn and Hendrickson in 1971. They tabulated critical points for the multivariate t distribution with common correlation ρ = 0,.2,.4, and.5. Their Table 1 for the studentized maximum modulus (ρ = 0) is reproduced from Biometrika in this second edition as Table IIIA with the permission of the authors and the editor.
Volar Locking Plate and Radial Styloid Plating

A significant number of distal radius fractures can be appropriately managed with a volar locking plate alone. However, fractures with a radial column/styloid fragment can prove difficult to capture with a standard volar locking plate, as the primary or secondary fracture lines would be parallel to the distal screws of most volar plates. In these situations consideration should be given for the addition of radial styloid plate. Additionally, a radial artery approach may facilitate the placement of both the styloid plate as well as a standard volar locking plate through a single approach. This hybrid construct provides a buttressing effect and the added rigidity of orthogonal fixation that some of these fractures require.
Women and Society in Female Authored Short Stories and Poems From Namibia

In Africana women’s literary criticism, there has been a lot written on whether women literary critics hold to the feminist, African feminist or womanist point of view (Etim, 2000a, pp. 71–72; Ogunyemi, 1993). There has also been the question of whether African female writers write from the feminist or womanist perspective.
Negotiating new German identities: transcultural comedy and the construction of pluralistic unity

This article explores the potential of entertainment media as a platform for challenging monolithic conceptions of national identity. Discussions about immigration in Germany usually concentrate on what minority communities need to do in order to become integrated, but neglect to consider how normative Germans must renegotiate German identity to include immigrants and minorities. German-language television often reinforces cultural divides through underrepresentation or stereotypical misrepresentation. However, several recent productions have sought to change German television by bringing normative audiences into the liminal space of transcultural Germany. In particular, two Turkish-German family comedies broke new ground with high-quality scripted narratives, distinct from the popular skit-based ‘ethno-comedies’ that began to appear in the 1990s and are still popular today. The more capacious story-telling space of scripted series is well-suited to developing complex characters. In particular, family ser...
Commentary on “The Evolutionary Origin of Female Orgasm” by M. Pavlicev and G. Wagner, 2016, J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 326(6):326–337

Evidence is presented as an alternative to the authors' claims that in the course of evolution, a link between orgasm and ovulation has been lost in women, that evolutionary changes in clitoral anatomy underlie this loss, and that women's orgasm plays no significant role in reproduction.
SEC-Translocon Dependent Extracytoplasmic Proteins of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus

Citrus Huanglongbing (HLB) is the most destructive citrus disease worldwide. HLB is associated with three species of the phloem-limited, gram-negative, fastidious α-proteobacteria: Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Las), Ca. L. americanus (Lam), and Ca. L. africanus (Laf) with Las being the most widespread species. Las has not been cultured in artificial media, which has greatly hampered our efforts to understand its virulence mechanisms. Las contains a complete Sec-translocon, which has been suggested to transport Las proteins including virulence factors into the extracytoplasmic milieu. In this study, we characterized the Sec-translocon dependent, signal peptide containing extracytoplasmic proteins of Las. A total of 166 proteins of Las_psy62 strain were predicted to contain signal peptides targeting them out of the cell cytoplasm via the Sec-translocon using LipoP, SigalP 3.0, SignalP 4.1, and Phobius. We also predicated SP containing extracytoplasmic proteins for Las_gxpsy and Las Ishi-1, Lam, Laf, Ca. L. solanacearum (Lso), and L. crescens (Lcr). For experimental validation of the predicted extracytoplasmic proteins, Escherichia coli based alkaline phosphatase (PhoA) gene fusion assays were conducted. A total of 86 out of the 166 predicted Las proteins were experimentally validated to contain signal peptides. Additionally, Las_psy62 lepB (CLIBASIA_04190), the gene encodes signal peptidase I, was able to partially complement the amber mutant of lepB of E. coli. This work will contribute to the identification of Sec-translocon dependent effector proteins of Las, which might be involved in virulence of Las.
Circuit Changes in Motor Cortex During Motor Skill Learning

Motor cortex is important for motor skill learning, particularly the dexterous skills necessary for our favorite sports and careers. We are especially interested in understanding how plasticity in motor cortex contributes to skill learning. Although human studies have been helpful in understanding the importance of motor cortex in learning skilled tasks, animal models are necessary for achieving a detailed understanding of the circuitry underlying these behaviors and the changes that occur during training. We review data from these models to try to identify sites of plasticity in motor cortex, focusing on rodents asa model system. Rodent neocortex contains well-differentiated motor and sensory regions, as well as neurons expressing similar genetic markers to many of the same circuit components in human cortex. Furthermore, rodents have circuit mapping tools for labeling, targeting, and manipulating these cell types as circuit nodes. Crucially, the projection from rodent primary somatosensory cortex to primary motor cortex is a well-studied corticocortical projection and a model of sensorimotor integration. We first summarize some of the descending pathways involved in making dexterous movements, including reaching. We then describe local and long-range circuitry in mouse motor cortex, summarizing structural and functional changes associated with motor skill acquisition. We then address which specific connections might be responsible for plasticity. For insight into the range of plasticity mechanisms employed by cortex, we review plasticity in sensory systems. The similarities and differences between motor cortex plasticity and critical periods of plasticity in sensory systems are discussed.
Autonomous Coral Reef Survey in Support of Remote Sensing

An autonomous surface vehicle instrumented with optical and acoustical sensors was deployed in Kane'ohe Bay, HI, U.S.A., to provide high-resolution, in situ observations of coral reef reflectance with minimal human presence. The data represented a wide range in bottom type, water depth, and illumination and supported more thorough investigations of remote sensing methods for identifying and mapping shallow reef features. The in situ data were used to compute spectral bottom reflectance and remote sensing reflectance R_(rs,λ) as a function of water depth and benthic features. The signals were used to distinguish between live coral and uncolonized sediment within the depth range of the measurements (2.5 m to 5 m). In situ R_(rs,λ) were found to compare well with remotely sensed measurements from an imaging spectrometer, the Airborne Visible and Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS), deployed on an aircraft at high altitude. Cloud cover and in situ sensor orientation were found to have minimal impact on in situ R_(rs,λ), suggesting that valid reflectance data may be collected using autonomous surveys even when atmospheric conditions are not favorable for remote sensing operations. The use of reflectance in the red and near infrared portions of the spectrum, expressed as the red edge height 〖REH〗_λ, was investigated for detecting live aquatic vegetative biomass, including coral symbionts and turf algae. The 〖REH〗_λ signal from live coral was detected in Kane'ohe Bay to a depth of approximately 4 m with in situ measurements. A remote sensing algorithm based on the 〖REH〗_λ signal was defined and applied to AVIRIS imagery of the entire bay and was found to reveal areas of shallow, dense coral and algal cover. The peak wavelength of 〖REH〗_λ decreased with increasing water depth, indicating that a more complete examination of the red edge signal may potentially yield a remote sensing approach to simultaneously estimate vegetative biomass and bathymetry in shallow water.