cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Primary Radiation Therapy for Early Glottic Cancer

Abstract Objectives/Hypothesis: Early glottic squamous cell carcinoma can be effectively treated with either radiation or surgical intervention. We evaluated our experience treating early glottic cancer with primary radiation therapy and our vertical hemilaryngectomy (VHL) salvage experience. Study Design/Methods: Retrospectively, patient records between January 1986 and December 1994 were reviewed and 45 patients with early glottic squamous cell carcinoma who received full-course radiation therapy at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation were identified. Results: Local control after radiation therapy was 80% overall, 87.5% for T1 lesions, and 75% for T2 lesions. Four patients underwent VHL for salvage after local recurrence; 1 was successfully salvaged with VHL. Five patients underwent total laryngectomy salvage after radiation therapy; all were successful. Only 1 of the 6 patients who were originally candidates for VHL before radiation therapy was successfully salvaged with the larynx preserved. Conclusions: Our local control rates using primary radiation therapy are consistent with prior published series, but voice sparing salvage is poor. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2001;124:35-9.)
Effects of supplemental viscous damping on seismic response of asymmetric‐plan systems

Coupling between lateral and torsional motions may lead to much larger edge deformations in asymmetric-plan systems compared to systems with a symmetric plan. Supplemental viscous damping has been found to be effective in reducing deformations in the symmetric-plan system. This investigation examined how supplemental damping affects the edge deformations in asymmetric-plan systems. First, the parameters that characterize supplemental viscous damping and its plan-wise distribution were identified, and then the effects of these parameters on edge deformations were investigated. It was found that supplemental damping reduces edge deformations and that reductions by a factor of up three are feasible with proper selection of system parameters. Furthermore, viscous damping may be used to reduce edge deformations in asymmetric-plan systems to levels equal to or smaller than those in the corresponding symmetric-plan system. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oxidative Addition of Thiols, Disulfides, Iodine, and Hydrogen Iodide to W(CO)3(PiPr3)2. Preparation of Stable 17-Electron Tungsten Thiolate Radicals from Complexes with Weak W-H Bonds

In an attempt to extend the radical series W(CO){sub 3}(P{sup i}P{sub 3}){sub 2}(X) to include X = H, the interaction of chromium radicals with the molecular hydrogen complex was investigated. This reaction was studied under 60 atm of H{sub 2} in THF solution. No sign of interaction between the chromium radical and either the molecular hydrogen complex or its dihydride tautomer was observed. We conclude that this reaction does not occur since the first bond dissociation energy of W(CO){sub 3}(P{sup i}Pr{sub 3}){sub 2}(H){sub 2} is much higher than that for W(CO){sub 3}(P{sup i}Pr{sub 3}){sub 2}(H)(SPh). The low W-H bond strengths in the thiolate derivative may be due in part to stabilization of the 17-electron radical via lone pair donation from sulfur to tungsten. In spite of the failure of the chromium radical to abstract one H atom from the molecular hydrogen complex as shown, phenyl disulfide reacts under hydrogen pressure with net transfer of two hydrogen atoms. Production of up to 2 mol of thiophenol and the tungsten thiolate radical in the approximate stoichiometry occurs rapidly on mixing. This represents the first example of a hydrogen transfer reaction (other than H/D exchange) for W(CO){sub 3}(P{sup i}Pr{sub 3}){sub 2}(H{sub 2}). Themore » mechanism of this reaction is unknown. 16 refs., 1 fig.« less
Comparing privacy control methods for smartphone platforms

Nowadays, many important applications are performed through mobile phones. It is essential to ensure that users' private information is not leaked through those applications. In this paper, we perform a comparison on privacy control methods implemented on the Android and iOS platforms based on the Bellotti and Sellen's framework. The comparison helps understand the discrepancies existent between the users' expectations for privacy and the privacy control methods currently implemented in Android and iOS. To better address users' privacy concerns, we propose a programming model for platform designers to improve privacy. Our initial study on 60 privacy bugs show that using the proposed programming models, 14 Android and 5 iOS privacy bugs can be eliminated.
Falling Rain, Reigning Power in Reptilian Affairs: The Balancing of Religion and the Environment

Animals such as the snake (in a herpetological reptilian sense and in its nāga variety including the dragon) are prominent subjects in the Buddhist tradition. Snakes are not just partners to humans, or supports or hangings on temples, but are also central figures positioned to convey power struggles within and without the Buddhist tradition. As a Tibetan doctor makes sure he feeds the nāga in the little house he built for it behind the hospital or the annual rituals on nāga days indicate, there is a recognition throughout South Asian Buddhism that nāgas are not something to be ignored, but must be reckoned with, respected and incorporated into people’s lives. Being possessed or inhabited by a klu (serpent) in the Tibetan medical texts or in a street in Dharamsala, India, indicates the real potential for lack of control and a loss of balance of power. Historically, Tibetan rituals to the klus were used to maintain political prominence, like the rituals rulers would conduct in ancient India and China to maintain the rains for their crops, often linked with ethical conduct, thus, fertile lands maintain a fertile rulership. Snakes in Buddhism command respect and serve as reminders of the ephemeral nature of existence. In juxtaposing ritual alongside narrative, medical and visual texts in the Buddhist traditions of India, Tibet and Nepal, this article will discuss how the presence of snakes have often been indicative of struggles to gain (or regain) prominence against other native traditions, to recover a cultural identity and to protect or create personal wealth, health or knowledge.
EXECUTIVE COGNITIVE FUNCTION AS A CORRELATE AND PREDICTOR OF CHILD FOOD INTAKE AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY

Investigated were relations among executive cognitive function (ECF), food intake, and physical activity in 184, fourth grade children. It was hypothesized that self-reported ECF proficiency would predict greater self-reported fruit/vegetable intake and physical activity, but less "snack food" intake. Structural models demonstrated that ECF was significantly correlated with less concurrent snack food intake and greater concurrent fruit/vegetable intake, but not physical activity. Baseline ECF also significantly predicted greater fruit/vegetable intake and physical activity four months later, but not snack food intake. One implication is to promote ECF as a correlate and predictor of food intake and physical activity in children by providing opportunities for youth to practice newly developing ECF capacities.
Pulsed laser micro polishing: Surface prediction model

Abstract The objective of this work is to predict the final roughness of metal surfaces that have undergone pulsed laser micro polishing. The motivation for pulsed laser micro polishing is to reduce the surface roughness of parts whose surface texture can approach the feature size. Being able to predict the magnitude of the polishing and frequency (wavelength) content of the surface will assist in the design of optimal processing parameters with minimal experiments. Laser pulses are used to create shallow melt pools with a controlled size (e.g., depth) and duration in order to allow surface tension forces to “pull down” asperities with small radius of curvature. There is no ablation occurring in the process being modeled. The melt depth and duration are predicted with a transient, two-dimensional axisymmetric heat transfer model with temperature-dependent material properties. The surface of the melt pool is analytically modeled as oscillations of stationary capillary waves with damping resulting from the forces of surface tension and viscosity. Above a critical spatial frequency, f cr , a significant reduction in the amplitude of the spatial Fourier components is expected. The work described in this paper extends the concept of critical frequency to a physics-based prediction methodology for predicting the spatial frequency content and surface roughness after polishing, given the features of the original surface, the material properties, and laser parameters. The proposed prediction methodology was validated using line polishing data for stainless steel 316L and area polishing results for pure nickel, Ti6Al4V, and Al-6061-T6. The predicted average surface roughnesses were within 12% of the values measured on the polished surfaces.
THE EFFECT OF ZrO2, AND TiO2 UPON THE RESISTANCE TO CRAZING OF A TYPICAL GLAZE FOR SEMIVITREOUS DINNERWARE

The results of additions of ZrO2 and TiO2 to a typical glaze for semivitreous dinner-ware are given with reference to the resistance to crazing, color, and texture of the resulting glazes.
Productive thinking in retarded and non-retarded children.

Summary. Three categories of productive thinking measures were administered to retarded and non-retarded children of equal mental age. There were no significant differences between retarded children in special class, retarded children in regular class and average children in regular class. The results are discussed in terms of future research and the implication for teacher-training programmes.
Estimating the insertion site during retrograde intramedullary tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis

Intramedullary tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis (IMTCA) is an increasingly used procedure for salvage of complex hindfoot and ankle disorders. To avoid injury to vital plantar neurovascular structures, it is important to begin with an appropriate insertion site during retrograde IMTCA. We use a simple, reproducible method to determine this site based on anatomic landmarks.
Further Examination of the Market Valuation of Environmental Capital Expenditures by Pulp and Paper Companies

In this study I use the US pulp and paper industry to explore the equity market’s valuation of environmental capital expenditures. I replicate and extend a study by Clarkson, Li, and Richardson that bifurcates the industry into high and low polluting groups. As with their study, I find evidence indicating that the market values environmental capital expenditures by over-compliant firms while attaching no such value to the same expenditures by minimally compliant firms. I do not find that the market assesses unrecorded liabilities to firms that are minimally compliant. My extension also seeks to address two possible specification issues in the Clarkson, et. Al. approach. The first, levels model they used is unbiased but inefficient. Their model scaled by common shares outstanding attempts to rectify this inefficiency but may not be the optimal choice of scaling variable. My results suggest that a “Best Available Technology” approach to environmental regulation may carry additional incentives provided by the capital markets.
Radiation-Induced Reduction of Ceria in Single and Polycrystalline Thin Films

The effect of radiation on the oxidation state of Ce in high-quality single and polycrystalline ceria thin films is presented. The films were synthesized by molecular beam epitaxy and irradiated wi...
Longevity of miracidia of Schistosomatium douthitti.

Abstract The longevity of 1217 miracidia of Schistosomatium douthitti was determined in filtered Wakulla River and Spring water at room temperatures of 22.2–25.6 °C. The miracidia were obtained from livers of nine C3H and albino mice. During the first hour after hatching 12.8 % of the miracidia died; about one fourth (25.7%) had died by the end of the third hour; about one half (49.2 %) by the end of the ninth hour; a few lived for 24 hours and all were dead by the twenty-fifth hour. It is suggested that the initial death rate, beginning within the first hour after hatching resulted from debilitation of the miracidia while they resided in host tissues. Factors weakening miracidia are probably adverse host reaction and senility.
Book Review: Jagdish Bhagwati and Arvind Panagariya, eds, Why Growth Matters: How Economic Growth in India Reduced Poverty and the Lessons for other Developing Countries and Jean Dreze and Amartya Sen, eds, An Uncertain Glory: India and Its Contradictions

Jagdish Bhagwati and Arvind Panagariya, eds, Why Growth Matters: How Economic Growth in India Reduced Poverty and the Lessons for other Developing Countries. New York, NY: Public Affairs. 2013. 302 pages. US$ 28.99.Jean Dreze and Amartya Sen, eds, An Uncertain Glory: India and Its Contradictions. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. 2013. 446 pages. US$ 22.95.
Radiolabeling of MAG3-morpholino oligomers with 188Re at high labeling efficiency and specific radioactivity for tumor pretargeting

We are investigating a novel pretargeting approach involving an initial IV injection of antitumor antibody conjugated with a phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomer (MORF, a DNA analog) and the subsequent IV injection of the radiolabeled complement oligomer (cMORF). In this paper, the cMORF was labeled with (188)Re using MAG(3) as chelator for therapeutic applications. Since (c)MORFs are unstable in acidic condition, an optimal labeling pH was first selected and the other labeling factors were then examined. A labeling efficiency of greater than 90% can be achieved even at a concentration of MAG(3)-cMORF as low as 0.8 microM. The labeled cMORF is stable and capable of hybridizing to its complement.
Origin of the right coronary artery from the left sinus of Valsalva and its functional consequences: Analysis of 10 necropsy patients

Clinical and necropsy findings are described in 10 patients in whom the right coronary artery arose from the left coronary sinus and then passed to the right atrioventricular (A-V) sulcus by coursing between the aorta and the pulmonary trunk. In 7 of the 10 patients, the coronary anomaly never caused symptoms of cardiac dysfunction. In the other three, all of whom died suddenly, the coronary anomaly was the only significant abnormality found at necropsy: One patient had recurring ventricular tachycardis, one had typical angina pectoris and, in one, sudden death was the initial manifestation of cardiac dysfunction. Review of previous angiographic studies during life of 31 patients reported to have origin of the right coronary artery from the left sinus of Valsalva indicated that 9 had symptoms of cardiac dysfunction in the absence of intraluminal coronary narrowing or associated noncoronary cardiac disease. Thus, origin of the right coronary artery from the left sinus may produce cardiac dysfunction that can be fatal.
African Women in the New Diaspora: Transnationalism and the (Re) Creation of Home

During the past 25 years, African immigrants have been arriving in the US in increasing numbers due to the push factors of globalization, wars, civil unrest and natural disasters. Drawing on in-depth interviews with African women as immigrants in Greater Boston and Philadelphia, this paper will explore how the intersections of gender, race and class affect their contributions to civil society and business development. This work illustrates how transnational ties, specifically in the form of a new pan-Africanism, lead African immigrants to make significant contributions to community revitalization, particularly in historically African American communities. Although African women immigrants are clearly transnationals, in their civic lives, they differ from their male counterparts in their especially strong commitment to improving the lives of their families and communities on this side of the Atlantic.
Dynamic mechanical signatures of a polyester‐urethane and plastic‐bonded explosives based on this polymer

The complex shear moduli of the segmented polyurethane Estane 5703p, Livermore explosive (LX)-14, and plastic bonded explosive (PBX)-9501, which use this polymer as a binder, have been investigated. Segmented polyurethanes, such as Estane 5703, contain microphase-separated hard segments in a rubbery matrix of soft segments. LX-14 is composed of 95.5% 1,3,5,7-tetranitroazacyclooctane (HMX) explosive with 4.5% Estane 5703 binder. PBX-9501 is composed of 94.9% HMX, 2.5% Estane 5703p binder, 2.5% nitroplasticizer (NP), and about 0.1% antioxidant Irganox 1010. In the temperature range from −150 to 120°C, two relaxations were observed as peaks in the loss modulus and tangent delta in Estane 5703p and LX-14. A third relaxation was found in PBX-9501. The low temperature relaxation associated with vitrification of the poly(ester urethane) soft segment occurred in the shear loss modulus (G″) at −29 and −26°C in Estane and LX-14, respectively, at 1 Hz. In PBX-9501 the Estane soft segment glass transition peak, Tg(SS), in the loss modulus occurred at −40 ± 3°C at 1 Hz. The reduction in soft segment glass transition in PBX-9501 is clear evidence of plasticization of the soft segment by NP. The apparent activation energy of the maximum in the loss modulus for LX-14 and PBX-9501 over the frequency range from 0.1 to 10 Hz was 230 kJ/mole (55 kcal/mole). The hard segment glass transition, Tg(HS), was observed as a peak in the loss modulus at about 70°C. In LX-14 the transition was observed at lower temperatures (56–58°C at 1 Hz) depending on thermal history. There was a low temperature shoulder on the Tg(HS) of Estane 5703 associated with soft segment crystallinity. Modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC) was used to verify the Tg(HS) in Estane and 50/50 mixtures of Estane with NP. In PBX-9501 the hard segment glass transition occurred between 65 and 72°C. The presence of NP in PBX-9501 gave rise to a new transition, Teu(NP), between 8 and 15°C. This peak is believed to be associated with the eutectic melting of the plasticizer. Returns of fielded PBX-9501 that were 6 and 11 years old were also measured. Small variations in Tg(SS) and the rubber plateau modulus were observed in these aged samples, consistent with migration of plasticizer and/or very low levels of chain scission. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 1009–1024, 2002
Modulation of lymphocyte motility by β-endorphin and met-enkephalin

Abstract The opioid peptides, β-endorphin and met-enkephalin, have been shown to affect the immune system, resulting in either enhancement or suppression of immune response. However, the mechanism of the immunomodulatory effects and the immune cells that are affected by the opioid peptides are unclear. Early studies have provided evidence for their influence on granulocytes, monocytes and lymphocytes. In this study, the effect of β-endorphin and met-enkephalin on the motility of lymphocyte subpopulations was examined. β-Endorphin, depending on the concentration tested, has only slight enhancing or inhibitory effect on the motility of spleen lymphocytes; interestingly, met-enkephalin inhibited their motility. However, both β-endorphin and met-enkephalin have a similar effect on the motility of separated spleen T and B lymphocytes, in that the motility of B lymphocytes was enhanced by both opioid peptides whereas the motility of T lymphocytes was inhibited. In contrast to the inhibitory effect of β-endorphin and met-enkephalin on mature spleen T lymphocytes, the motility of thymocytes was enhanced by both opioid peptides. The results from this study suggest that the interaction of β-endorphin and met-enkephalin with lymphocytes is complex and intricate.
The Hermeneutics of Student Evaluations.

Student evaluations of teacher performance are generally taken as an important measure of teaching effectiveness. However, they often misrepresent classroom realities. The ratings on the forms frequently reflect students' emotional experiences in their courses rather than pedagogy or the amount of learning. Finally, since education is necessarily progressive, a competent teacher's evaluations should include complaints about difficulty and workload. Administrators need to bear this in mind in their assessment of student ratings so that they do not encourage instructors to teach in fear of their evaluations.
Are We Censoring Student Newspapers in Our High Schools

Secondary school student publications can present a complex and at times conflicting array of considerations, but that does not excuse efforts to stifle controversy, argues this author, who presents his views of the issue.
Formation of ZnO within flexible polymer fibers

In the process of fiber production from Zinc acetate and Polyvinylpyrrolidone using the electrospinning method, ZnO forms at temperature as low as 120 °C. The fibers were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy. Upon heating at 120 °C for 12 h some fibers shrink in diameter down to about 100 nm while others remain in the 400–900 nm range. Within the hybrid fibers, ZnO crystallizes in the wurtzite structure with a bang gap of 3.3 eV. The hybrid fibers exhibit the flexibility of polymer component and optical properties of ZnO phase, and promise to be very useful in various applications.
Phase I clinical and pharmacokinetic trial of docetaxel and irinotecan administered on a weekly schedule.

Background Docetaxel and irinotecan are synergistic agents with a broad spectrum of activity but overlapping myelosuppression. The study was designed to maintain dose intensity while limiting myelosuppression. The objectives of this study were to determine the maximal tolerated dose (MTD) of the combination of docetaxel and irinotecan administered weekly for four consecutive weeks every 42 days, to describe toxicities of this regimen, and to perform a pharmacokinetic analysis to evaluate changes in drug disposition as a function of dose as well as repeated dosing.
Application of diophantine integration to hartree–fock and configuration interaction calculations

The methods of open and closed Diophantine integration have been applied to obtain matrix elements relevant to unrestricted Hartree-Fock (uhf) and configuration interaction (ci) calculations for atoms and molecules. In the present formulation matrix elements of the effective Hamiltonian are evaluated directly without the intermediate step of generating molecular integrals. The method appears to be superior to conventional techniques for large polyatomic systems; it can handle arbitrary analytic or numerical basis sets, and is easily adapted to include operators such as the spin–orbit interaction in the Hamiltonian. Preliminary results for both uhf and ci methods are quite encouraging, showing that reasonably accurate energies and wave functions can be obtained with moderate computational effort. Results of calculations on the Sc2F and MnF6 complexes, as well as several small atoms and molecules, are briefly discussed. Importance sampling and the use of distribution functions is shown to accelerate convergence of the integrals.
Successful surgical repair of a giant left main coronary artery aneurysm with arteriovenous fistula draining into a persistent left superior vena cava and coronary sinus: role of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography

We report the case of a 74-year-old woman with a history of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and pacemaker who presented to the hospital with new onset New York Heart Association class IV congestive heart failure. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed a markedly dilated right ventricle with normal right ventricular systolic function. There was moderate pulmonary hypertension with an estimated pulmonary artery systolic pressure of 60 mm Hg. Her echocardiogram 1 year earlier had demonstrated normal right ventricular size and systolic function, and no pulmonary hypertension. Additional transthoracic imaging with saline contrast study through a left peripheral vein demonstrated the presence of a dilated coronary sinus with a persistent left superior vena cava. Color Doppler demonstrated turbulent flow within the coronary sinus with evidence of significant left-to-right shunting. Cardiac catheterization revealed a massively dilated left main coronary artery aneurysm with an arteriovenous fistula into the left superior vena cava and coronary sinus. The calculated Qp/Qs was 2:1. The patient underwent 2 unsuccessful attempts at percutaneous intervention to occlude the arteriovenous fistula. She then underwent successful surgical closure of the coronary arteriovenous fistula. The important role of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography in guiding this technically challenging surgical case is discussed.
The Cardiovascular Complications of Pregnancy

During the course of a normal pregnancy, the cardiovascular system of the mother is required to adapt to significant alterations in hemodynamics, including an almost 50% increase in cardiac output. This change in cardiac output is mediated by a significant increase in heart rate, a change in blood volume, as well as a neurohormonally mediated increase in vasodilatation. Simultaneously, significant changes occur in other organ systems, which also affect the cardiovascular system. For instance, there are increases in erythropoiesis to increase red cell mass, increased production of procoagulant factors, and profound activation of the collagenolytic system. To discuss the multitude of cardiovascular complications that can occur during pregnancy, we must understand the adaptations required in the cardiac, hematologic, and musculoskeletal systems. The purpose of this review is to delineate the adaptations required by each organ system and to review the complications that result when maternal physiology is unable to make the required adaptations.
Fractional statistics of Laughlin quasiparticles in quantum antidots

In two dimensions, fractionally charged particles must possess fractional exchange statistics. In experiments on quantum antidots in the quantum Hall regime the charge of the tunneling particles can be determined directly as a measure of the gate voltage needed to attract one particle. In the same experiments, when the magnetic field is varied, it is observed that the fundamental Aharonov-Bohm period is $h∕e$ even for fractionally charged Laughlin quasiparticles. In this paper we analyze these experiments, explicitly taking into account the fractional statistical Berry's phase contribution.
TRIETHYLENE DIAMINE-CLAY COMPLEXES AS MATRICES FOR ADSORPTION AND CATALYTIC REACTIONS*

Complexes of 1,4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane (triethylene diamine) with smectite and vermiculite were made for the purpose of exposing the internal surfaces of the clays for adsorption of gases and possible catalytic activity. When the diprotonated form of the amine saturated the exchange sites, internal surfaces of the clays were found to be available to nitrogen, ethane, and 2,4-dimethyl pentane. Proton lability in the smectites was studied with NH3, D2O, and C6D6 experiments. Catalytic function was demonstrated in the conversion of acetonitrile to acetamide in the smectite.
Variation of laser absorption with plasma scale length in long-scale-length plasmas

A short-pulse, high-intensity Nd-laser beam interacts with preformed plasmas of variable scale length. At the longest scale length, absorption is limited by backscatter, despite increased collisional absorption.
Tricarbonyl(pentadienyl)iron Tetrafluoroborate

[12079-72-0] C8H7BF4FeO3 (MW 293.81) InChI = 1S/C5H7.3CO.BF4.Fe/c1-3-5-4-2;3*1-2;2-1(3,4)5;/h3-5H,1-2H2;;;;;/q;;;;-1; InChIKey = UBAAKLZMUZPKID-UHFFFAOYSA-N (organometallic electrophile towards a variety of carbon and heteroatom nucleophiles) Physical Data: yellow solid, mp 163–165 °C (dec) (PF6− salt). Solubility: sol polar solvents (e.g. MeNO2, Me2CO); slightly sol CHCl3, CH2Cl2; reacts with water, alcohols. Form Supplied in: not commercially available. Analysis of Reagent Purity: NMR, elemental analysis. Preparative Methods: was first prepared by the protonation of tricarbonyl(η4-pentadienol)iron with Tetrafluoroboric Acid in the presence of Acetic Anhydride (eq 1).1 (1) Hexafluorophosphoric acid or perchloric acid may also be used to generate the corresponding PF6− and ClO4− salts. A wide variety of substituted pentadienyl cations, which may be of greater synthetic interest, have been prepared by protonation of substituted dienol and dienyl ether complexes.2-17 Bis[(dienyl)Fe(CO)3] dications have been prepared by protonation of bis-dienol complexes.18 Protonation of tricarbonyl(1,3,5-hexatriene)iron generates the tricarbonyl(1-methylpentadienyl)iron cation.19 Hydride abstraction from (cis-pentadiene)Fe(CO)3 (but not the trans isomer) with Triphenylcarbenium Tetrafluoroborate gives the title cation (eq 2).1 This methodology has been used to prepare a few substituted cations.20-22 (2) Purification: by reprecipitation from MeNO2/ether. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: the solid may be stored under inert atmosphere for extended periods. Perchlorate salts of the cation are explosive.
Short- and long-term retention of a nursing home education program on metered-dose inhaler technique.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate an education program on metered-dose inhaler (MDI) technique designed for nurses and trained medication aides (TMAs).DESIGN:The education program included a handout, a lecture incorporating a videotape on correct inhaler and device technique, and hands-on experience with placebo inhalers. The participants' ability to verbalize and demonstrate correct MDI technique was assessed by the same two-person teams before, immediately after, and two months after the program.SETTING:Five nursing homes.PARTICIPANTS:Fifty-six nurses and TMAs practicing in nursing homes.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Learning and retention.RESULTS:The participants' mean (±SD) verbal and demonstration scores increased immediately after the program by 68 ± 18 points for verbalization and 47 ± 16 points for demonstration. The participants were always better at demonstrating than verbalizing MDI technique. The participants' baseline verbal and demonstration scores correlated with the amount learned. Learning was influenced by ...
A direct comparison of inverted and non-inverted growths of GaInP solar cells

The inverted growth of III-V solar cells presents some specific challenges that are not present in regular, non-inverted growths. Because the highly doped top contact layer is grown first, followed by the lengthy high-temperature growth of the remainder of the structure, there is ample time for the dopants in the contact layer to diffuse away. This leads to an increase in the contact resistance to the top layer, and a corresponding drop in voltage. The diffusion of dopants in other layers is similarly altered with respect to the non-inverted configuration because of the change in growth sequence. We compare the dopant profiles of inverted and non-inverted structures by using secondary ion mass spectroscopy and correlate the results with the observed performance of the devices. We also describe a technique for growing a GaInAsN contact layer in the inverted configuration and show that it achieves a specific contact resistance comparable to what is normally observed in non-inverted cells.
The Selection of Effective Attributes for Deciding Between Hypotheses Using Linear Discriminant Functions.

Abstract : Let X be a multidimensional random variable, whose components are called attributes, with mean mu sub i and covariance matrix Sigma sub i under H sub i, i=1, 2. The problem discussed is related to problems in regression theory. Some simple examples illustrate that if Sigma sub 1 is in some sense much smaller than Sigma sub 2, there is a premium on adjoining additional attributes for which the variance under H sub 1 is relatively small.
A study of hardware techniques that dynamically exploit frequent operands to reduce power consumption in integer function units

We analyze three different techniques, namely, memoing (caching results that can be reused), narrow-width operand exploitation (limiting computation to low order bytes), and byte encoding (computation performed over significant bytes) that dynamically exploit operands to lower power consumption in integer function units. Previously, estimates of power savings based on switching activity were reported. Our implementation of integer function units (CLA, array multiplier, comparator, etc.) at the VLSI level and analysis using standard integer benchmarks from the SPEC CPU2000 suite provide realistic power savings and area and delay overheads.
Sitemaps: above and beyond the crawl of duty

Comprehensive coverage of the public web is crucial to web search engines. Search engines use crawlers to retrieve pages and then discover new ones by extracting the pages' outgoing links. However, the set of pages reachable from the publicly linked web is estimated to be significantly smaller than the invisible web, the set of documents that have no incoming links and can only be retrieved through web applications and web forms. The Sitemaps protocol is a fast-growing web protocol supported jointly by major search engines to help content creators and search engines unlock this hidden data by making it available to search engines. In this paper, we perform a detailed study of how "classic" discovery crawling compares with Sitemaps, in key measures such as coverage and freshness over key representative websites as well as over billions of URLs seen at Google. We observe that Sitemaps and discovery crawling complement each other very well, and offer different tradeoffs.
Cannabis Use and Cognitive Decline in Persons under 65 Years of Age

The purpose of this study was to investigate possible adverse effects of cannabis use on cognitive decline after 12 years in persons under age 65 years. This was a follow-up study of a probability sample of the adult household residents of East Baltimore. The analyses included 1,318 participants in the Baltimore, Maryland, portion of the Epidemiologic Catchment Area study who completed the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) during three study waves in 1981, 1982, and 1993-1996. Individual MMSE score differences between waves 2 and 3 were calculated for each study participant. After 12 years, study participants' scores declined a mean of 1.20 points on the MMSE (standard deviation 1.90), with 66% having scores that declined by at least one point. Significant numbers of scores declined by three points or more (15% of participants in the 18-29 age group). There were no significant differences in cognitive decline between heavy users, light users, and nonusers of cannabis. There were also no male-female differences in cognitive decline in relation to cannabis use. The authors conclude that over long time periods, in persons under age 65 years, cognitive decline occurs in all age groups. This decline is closely associated with aging and educational level but does not appear to be associated with cannabis use.
ncRNA- and Pc2 Methylation-Dependent Gene Relocation between Nuclear Structures Mediates Gene Activation Programs

Although eukaryotic nuclei contain distinct architectural structures associated with noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), their potential relationship to regulated transcriptional programs remains poorly understood. Here, we report that methylation/demethylation of Polycomb 2 protein (Pc2) controls relocation of growth-control genes between Polycomb bodies (PcGs) and interchromatin granules (ICGs) in response to growth signals. This movement is the consequence of binding of methylated and unmethylated Pc2 to the ncRNAs TUG1 and MALAT1/NEAT2, located in PcGs and ICGs, respectively. These ncRNAs mediate assembly of multiple corepressors/coactivators and can serve to switch mark recognition by "readers" of the histone code. Additionally, binding of NEAT2 to unmethylated Pc2 promotes E2F1 SUMOylation, leading to activation of the growth-control gene program. These observations delineate a molecular pathway linking the actions of subnuclear structure-specific ncRNAs and nonhistone protein methylation to relocation of transcription units in the three-dimensional space of the nucleus, thus achieving coordinated gene expression programs.
Measuring customer‐based brand equity: empirical evidence from the sportswear market in China

Purpose – This study seeks to examine the practicality and applications of a customer‐based brand equity model in the Chinese sportswear market.Design/methodology/approach – Based on Aaker's well‐known conceptual framework of brand equity, this study employed structural equation modeling to investigate the causal relationships among the four dimensions of brand equity and overall brand equity in the sportswear industry. The present study used a sample of 304 actual consumers from China's two largest cities, Beijing and Shanghai.Findings – The findings conclude that brand association and brand loyalty are influential dimensions of brand equity. Weak support was found for the perceived quality and brand awareness dimensions.Research limitations/implications – Future research needs to be done if the results are to be expanded into other regional Chinese markets in light of the significant gaps between different regions. Further research also could strengthen this analysis by adding performance measurement in...
Using host-pathogen protein interactions to identify and characterize Francisella tularensis virulence factors

Francisella tularensis is a select bio-threat agent and one of the most virulent intracellular pathogens known, requiring just a few organisms to establish an infection. Although several virulence factors are known, we lack an understanding of virulence factors that act through host-pathogen protein interactions to promote infection. To address these issues in the highly infectious F. tularensis subsp. tularensis Schu S4 strain, we deployed a combined in silico, in vitro, and in vivo analysis to identify virulence factors and their interactions with host proteins to characterize bacterial infection mechanisms. We initially used comparative genomics and literature to identify and select a set of 49 putative and known virulence factors for analysis. Each protein was then subjected to proteome-scale yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) screens with human and murine cDNA libraries to identify potential host-pathogen protein-protein interactions. Based on the bacterial protein interaction profile with both hosts, we selected seven novel putative virulence factors for mutant construction and animal validation experiments. We were able to create five transposon insertion mutants and used them in an intranasal BALB/c mouse challenge model to establish 50 % lethal dose estimates. Three of these, ΔFTT0482c, ΔFTT1538c, and ΔFTT1597, showed attenuation in lethality and can thus be considered novel F. tularensis virulence factors. The analysis of the accompanying Y2H data identified intracellular protein trafficking between the early endosome to the late endosome as an important component in virulence attenuation for these virulence factors. Furthermore, we also used the Y2H data to investigate host protein binding of two known virulence factors, showing that direct protein binding was a component in the modulation of the inflammatory response via activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and in the oxidative stress response. Direct interactions with specific host proteins and the ability to influence interactions among host proteins are important components for F. tularensis to avoid host-cell defense mechanisms and successfully establish an infection. Although direct host-pathogen protein-protein binding is only one aspect of Francisella virulence, it is a critical component in directly manipulating and interfering with cellular processes in the host cell.
A programming languages course emphasizing interpreters and object-oriented design

Although a course in programming languages is fundamental to the discipline of computer science, much debate still exists over the proper approach to teaching such a course. In this paper, we present the design of a programming languages course taught at Western Michigan University. The course teaches programming language concepts using interpreters, while at the same time stressing the use of object-oriented design patterns. The result is a course that covers practical topics for all students in the context of teaching language semantics through interpreter development.
Crime rates in India: a trend analysis

This study presents the trend analyses of police-recorded crime data in India. We demonstrate the long-term trends of serious violent and property crimes and examine whether the crime trend in India follows the global crime trend, especially the declining trend in the United States and West European countries. By examining the peaks, troughs, and turning points, this study examines the similarities and differences in long-term trends between different crime types. The data for our study are drawn from Crime in India, an annual publication by the National Crime Record Bureau of India. The results suggest that rates of murder, robbery, burglary, theft, and rioting follow declining trends, while rates of rape show an increasing trend between 1971 and 2011. The homicide trend is the only crime category following the global crime trend. While recognizing the universal and India-specific limitations of the police-recorded crime data, we want readers to consider the findings of the study with caution. We strongly recommend that India establish a national crime victimization survey and regularly participate in the International Crime Victimization Survey. Language: en
The cardiac enigma: current conundrums in heart failure research

The prevalence of heart failure is expected to increase almost 50% in the next 15 years because of aging of the general population, an increased frequency of comorbidities, and an improved survival following cardiac events. Conventional treatments for heart failure have remained largely static over the past 20 years, illustrating the pressing need for the discovery of novel therapeutic agents for this patient population. Given the heterogeneous nature of heart failure, it is important to specifically define the cellular mechanisms in the heart that drive the patient’s symptoms, particularly when considering new treatment strategies. This report highlights the latest research efforts, as well as the possible pitfalls, in cardiac disease translational research and discusses future questions and considerations needed to advance the development of new heart failure therapies. In particular, we discuss cardiac remodeling and the translation of animal work to humans and how advancements in our understanding of these concepts relative to disease are central to new discoveries that can improve cardiovascular health.
“Move or Suffer”: Is Age-Segregation the New Norm for Older Americans Living Alone?

Despite ethical claims that civic societies should foster intergenerational integration, age-segregation is a widespread yet understudied phenomenon. The purpose of this study was to understand the reasons that led community-dwelling older Americans to relocate into senior housing. Qualitative data were collected through participant observation and ethnographic interviews with 47 older adults living alone in San Francisco, California. Half of study participants lived in housing for seniors, the other half in conventional housing. Data were analyzed with standard qualitative methods. Findings illuminate the dynamics that favor age-segregation. Senior housing might be cheaper, safer, and offer more socializing opportunities than conventional housing. Yet, tenants of senior housing may also experience isolation, crime, and distress. Findings suggest that rather than individual preference, cultural, political, and economic factors inform the individual decision to relocate into age-segregated settings. Findings also call for an increased awareness on the ethical implications of societies increasingly segregated by age.
The solubility of certain lead salts in human gastric juice, and its bearing on the hygiene of the lead industries:

1. SOLUBILITY OF WHITE LEADS IN HUMAN GASTRIC JUICE.2. TOXICITY OF WHITE LEADS WHEN FED TO DOGS AND CATS.The lead carbonate is much more toxic than the lead sulphate. But both salts produce acute lead poisoning when given in quantities of 0.1 gr. per kilo body weight daily.3. THE INFLUENCE OF MILK.Toxicity of White Leads When Fed to Dogs and Cats.The lead carbonate is much more toxic than the lead sulphate. But both salts produce acute lead poisoning when given in quantities of 0.1 gr. per kilo body weight daily.When milk and gastric juice is mixed in the proportion of 1-1, the hydrochloric acid of the gastric juice is so completely fixed by the milk proteins or neutralized by the carbonates in the milk that the mixture has virtually no solvent action on the lead salts, but when gastric juice is present in excess the lead salts g. into solution in proportion to the excess of the gastric juice When milk is taken into the stomach there occurs, of course, a similar fixation of the hydrochloric acid, and, in ...
Effect of Ni Addition on Giant Magnetoresistance of CuCo Granular Films

CuCoNi granular films are prepared by electrodeposition,and their magnetoresistance and magnetization are measured.The results show that the suitable content of Ni is favorable for the separation of more magnetic particles in the films.More Ni addition would decrease the concentration of magnetic particles.The films before heat treatment include superparamagnetic particles,in which the saturation magnetization is bigger and the coercive force is smaller than the films without Ni addition.The superparamagnetic particles change to ferromagnetic particles during annealing process,and the coercive force is promoted.The maximum value for GMR is 2.4%for 2.7%of Ni content during annealing at 450℃.GMR is decreased after annealing at temperature over 450℃,because the ternary alloy is formed in the films.
THE DETERMINATION OF O-PHTHALALDEHYDE IN DISINFECTANTS BY CAPILLARY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY

In order to determine the amount of O-phthalaldehyde in disinfectants,samples were diluted with 50% ethanol,then the samples were directly injected to capillary gas chromatograph.The experimental results showed that the linear range of the method was wide,with correlation coefficients of 0.9999.The relative standard deviations of standards were from 0.7% to 2.2% and the relative standard deviations of disinfectant samples were from 0.5% to 4.0%.The average recovery was from 97.6% to 99.2%,limit of detection was 2.0mg/L.The method was easy and rapid,no interference was found.It is highly sensitive,precise and accurate.Therefore,it is satisfactory to determine O-phthalaldehyde in disinfectants.