cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Recognizing proxemics in personal photos

Proxemics is the study of how people interact. We present a computational formulation of visual proxemics by attempting to label each pair of people in an image with a subset of physically based “touch codes.” A baseline approach would be to first perform pose estimation and then detect the touch codes based on the estimated joint locations. We found that this sequential approach does not perform well because pose estimation step is too unreliable for images of interacting people, due to difficulties with occlusion and limb ambiguities. Instead, we propose a direct approach where we build an articulated model tuned for each touch code. Each such model contains two people, connected in an appropriate manner for the touch code in question. We fit this model to the image and then base classification on the fitting error. Experiments show that this approach significantly outperforms the sequential baseline as well as other related approches.
Simulating collaboration from multiple, potentially non-collaborative healthcare systems to create a single view of a patient

There is still significant investment in legacy healthcare information technology (HIT). Current systems are a diverse mix of technologies, standards, platforms and versions. Many of which were never intended to be used together to achieve a common goal. In order to deliver care effectively and efficiently, point-of-care software must navigate this complex maze, coordinating multiple disparate systems, to produce as holistic a view as possible of a patient's treatment history, in a timely manner. In this paper, we introduce a specific problem of enabling the collaboration of HIT to facilitate data ingest and integration, present a solution approach and describe a software embodiment that was deployed.
Labor epidural analgesia and intrapartum maternal hyperthermia.

Abstract Objective: To determine if labor epidural analgesia (LEA) is associated with intrapartum hyperthermia. Materials and methods: Retrospective cohort analysis of nulliparous women with term gestations in spontaneous labor delivered during a 12-month period immediately before the availability of on-demand LEA (Before group) and a similar group of nulliparas delivered after LEA was available on request (After group). Primary outcome variables were maximal intrapartum temperatures of 99.5°F or higher or 100.4°F or higher. Logistic regression analysis was used to control for duration of labor and ruptured membranes and for the number of vaginal examinations. Results: The frequency of LEA use increased from 1.2% in the Before period to 83.6% in the After period. Using logistic regression, when compared with women in the Before period, women in the After period were more likely to have an intrapartum temperature of 99.5°F (RR 4.4, 95% CI 2/8. 6/9) or 100.4°F or higher (RR 19.2, 95% CI 5.7, 65.0). Conclusion: The use of LEA is associated with a clinically significant increase in the incidence of intrapartum hyperthermia. ∗ . Outcome Variable Before (N = 487) After (N = 391) RR (95% CI) Mean admission temperature 97.9 ± 0.8 97.8 ± 0.8 Mean maximum temperature 98.6 ± 0.7 99.0 ± 1.1 ∗ Temperature ≥ 99.5°F (%) 39 (8.0) 103 (26.0) ∗ 3.3 (2.3, 4.6) Temperature ≥ 100.4°F (%) 5 (1.0%) 41 (10.5) ∗ 10.3 (4.1, 25.9) ∗ P
Two-Dimensional Performance Analysis and Design of MHD Channels

A two-dimensional model for MHD channel design and analysis has been developed for three different modes of operation: velocity, Mach number, and pressure. Given the distribution of any of these three parameters along the channel, the channel aspect ratio, and the channel operating conditions, the MHD channel geometry can be predicted. The developed two-dimensional design model avoids unnecessary assumptions for surface losses and boundary layer voltage drops that are required in one-dimensional calculations and, thus, can yield a better prediction of MHD channel geometry and performance. The subject model includes a simplified treatment for possible arcing near the electrode walls. A one-dimensional model for slag flow along the channel walls is also incorporated. The effects of wall temperature and slag carry-over on channel performance are discussed.
Temporal processing in schizophrenia: Effects of task-difficulty on behavioral discrimination and neuronal responses

Deficits in temporal judgment in schizophrenia have been observed in behavioral and electrophysiological studies for years. The functional neuroanatomy of temporal judgment in schizophrenia is, however, poorly understood. Recent neurophysiological research suggests that timing deficits in this population may not be widespread across all timing tasks, but specifically associated with high levels of difficulty. We evaluated differences between individuals with schizophrenia (N=16) and healthy subjects (N=18) during a temporal discrimination task at two levels of difficulty. Subjects were studied with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at 3T while discriminating tone durations. Behaviorally, the schizophrenia group performed worse than the control group at both levels of difficulty. Similarly, group differences in patterns of brain activation were observed across both difficulty conditions. In the easy condition, individuals with schizophrenia showed less activation in the supplementary motor area and insula/opercula, regions known to be involved in temporal processing. These group differences increased in the difficult condition. In addition, the striatum was less active in individuals with schizophrenia in the difficult condition. Comparing the difficult to easy conditions revealed robust differences in the bilateral striatum and the insula/opercula, suggesting that the striatum plays a key role in temporal processing deficits in schizophrenia, especially under difficult conditions. These observations suggest that temporal judgment deficits reflect widespread neuroanatomical network involvement in schizophrenia, some of which are not directly related to task difficulty. These findings shed light on disparate findings in the timing literature regarding the role of task difficulty in temporal judgment deficits in schizophrenia.
Gauge fixing and renormalization in topological quantum field theory

Abstract We show how Witten's topological Yang-Mills and gravitational quantum field theories may be obtained by a straightforward BRST gauge fixing procedure. We investigate some aspects of the renormalization of the topological Yang-Mills theory. It is found that the beta function for the Yang-Mills coupling constant is not zero.
Elevation of Glucocorticoids is Necessary but not Sufficient for the Escalation of Cocaine Self-Administration by Chronic Electric Footshock Stress in Rats

The examination of cocaine self-administration (SA) by rats under conditions that promote escalating patterns of intake should lead to a better understanding of factors that contribute to cocaine addiction. This study investigated the ability of repeated daily exposure to a stressor, electric footshock (EFS), to escalate cocaine SA. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were trained to self-administer cocaine (0.5 mg/kg/inf, i.v.) by pressing a lever under a FR4 schedule during 2-h sessions comprised of four 30-min SA components. Repeated daily EFS consisting of shock sequences (3 x 0.6 mA, 100-ms duration, 1-s frequency) delivered under a variable time 45-s schedule for 5 min before each of the four SA components across 14 days of SA testing produced a significant escalation of cocaine SA. EFS failed to escalate food-reinforced lever pressing and did not alter cocaine SA when administered either inside or outside of the SA context 4 h after daily SA testing. Surgical adrenalectomy along with diurnal corticosterone (CORT) replacement prevented EFS-induced escalation without altering SA in the absence of EFS, indicating that increases in circulating glucocorticoids were necessary for the escalating effects of EFS. Elevation of CORT through repeated daily CORT injections (3.0 mg/kg, i.p.) failed to reproduce the effects of repeated daily EFS on SA, but restored the escalating effects of EFS in adrenalectomized rats with CORT replacement, suggesting that an elevation of glucocorticoids was necessary but alone was not sufficient for the escalation of cocaine SA by EFS.
Congenital Erythropoietic Porphyria: Prolonged High-Level Expression and Correction of the Heme Biosynthetic Defect by Retroviral-Mediated Gene Transfer into Porphyric and Erythroid Cells

Congenital erythropoietic porphyria (CEP) is an autosomal recessive disorder resulting from the deficient activity of the heme biosynthetic enzyme uroporphyrinogen III synthase (UROS). Severely affected patients are transfusion dependent and have mutilating cutaneous manifestations. Successful bone marrow transplantation has proven curative, providing the rationale for stem cell gene therapy. Toward this goal, two retroviral MFG vectors containing the UROS cDNA were constructed, one with the wild-type sequence (MFG-UROS-wt) and a second with an optimized Kozak consensus sequence (MFG-UROS-K). Following transduction of CEP fibroblasts, the MFG-UROS-wt and MFG-UROS-K vectors increased the endogenous activity without selection to levels that were 18- and 5-fold greater, respectively, than the mean activity in normal fibroblasts. Notably, the MFG-UROS-wt vector expressed UROS activity in CEP fibroblasts at these high levels for over 6 months without cell toxicity. Addition of either delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) or ferric chloride did not affect expression of the transduced UROS gene nor did the increased concentrations of uroporphyrin isomers or porphyrin intermediates affect cell viability. Similarly, transduction of CEP lymphoblasts with the MFG-UROS-wt vector without G418 selection increased the endogenous UROS activity by 7-fold or almost 2-fold greater than that in normal lymphoblasts. Transduction of K562 erythroleukemia cells by cocultivation with the MFG-UROS-wt producer cells increased their high endogenous UROS activity by 1.6-fold without selection. Clonally isolated K562 cells expressed UROS for over 4 months at mean levels 4.7-fold greater than the endogenous activity without cell toxicity. Thus, the prolonged, high-level expression of UROS in transduced CEP fibroblasts and lymphoblasts, as well as in transduced K562 erythroid cells, demonstrated that the enzymatic defect in CEP cells could be corrected by retroviral-mediated gene therapy without selection and that the increased intracellular porphyrin intermediates were not toxic to these cells, even when porphyrin production was stimulated by supplemental ALA or iron. These in vitro studies provide the rationale for ex vivo stem cell gene therapy in severely affected patients with CEP.
Characterizing Damage of Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Blueberries

Brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stal) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), is a severe economic pest of growing importance in the United States, Canada, and Europe. While feeding damage from H. halys has been characterized in tree fruit, vegetables, and agronomic crops, less is known about the impacts of stink bugs on small fruits such as blueberries. In this study, we examined H. halys feeding on two representative early and late ripening blueberry cultivars in Oregon and New Jersey. This research examined how different densities of H. halys confined on blueberry clusters for week-long periods affected fruit quality at harvest. After fruit were ripe, we stained and quantified the number of salivary sheaths on berries as an indication of feeding pressure. Feeding by H. halys damaged the fruits by causing increased levels of external discoloration, and internal damage in the form of tissue necrosis. Exposure of berries to H. halys was also associated with decreasing berry weights and lower soluble solids in fruits. However, the different cultivars did not respond consistently to feeding pressure from H. halys. Weekly variability in feeding pressure of two of the cultivars as quantified by the number of stylet sheaths per berry was largely accounted for by environmental variables. We conclude that H. halys does have potential to severely damage blueberries and may become an important economic pest. Characterization of damage is important because correct identification of insect damage is key for successful management.
ENDONEURIAL BLOOD FLOW AND OXYGEN TENSION IN THE SCIATIC NERVES OF RATS WITH EXPERIMENTAL DIABETIC NEUROPATHY

Endoneurial hypoxia has been postulated to be important in the pathogenesis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy and may be due to reduced nerve blood flow. Neither blood flow nor oxygen tension have previously been measured in peripheral nerve in diabetic neuropathy. We have therefore measured both nerve blood flow and endoneurial oxygen tension in the sciatic nerves of 8 rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes for four months, and in 8 age-matched controls. In 7 of the diabetic animals mean nerve blood flow was 8.7 +/- 1.3 ml X min-1 X 100 g-1 which is significantly less than mean nerve blood flow in the controls (13.08 +/- 0.8 ml X min-1 X 100 g-1; P less than 0.01). In one diabetic animal, nerve blood flow was too low to be accurately measured. The reduction in nerve blood flow in diabetic neuropathy is due to an increase in resistance to flow which may be due to microangiopathy and to blood hyperviscosity. Endoneurial oxygen tension was also significantly reduced in experimental diabetic neuropathy in which 60 per cent of the oxygen measurements were less than 25 mmHg, compared with 19 per cent in the controls. Nerve blood flow was also measured in rats with experimental galactose neuropathy in which there is more marked sugar-alcohol accumulation, endoneurial oedema and elevation of endoneurial fluid pressure than in experimental diabetic neuropathy. The results obtained in this neuropathy suggest that the reduction in nerve blood flow which occurs in experimental diabetic neuropathy is due largely to factors other than sugar-alcohol accumulation in nerve. We postulate that endoneurial hypoxia may produce many of the observed morphological and biochemical changes in experimental diabetic neuropathy.
Serum response factor is required for cell contact maintenance but dispensable for proliferation in visceral yolk sac endothelium

Background Endothelial-specific knockout of the transcription factor serum response factor (SRF) results in embryonic lethality by mid-gestation. The associated phenotype exhibits vascular failure in embryos as well as visceral yolk sac (VYS) tissues. Previous data suggest that this vascular failure is caused by alterations in cell-cell and cell-matrix contacts. In the current study, we sought to more carefully address the role of SRF in endothelial function and cell contact interactions in VYS tissues.
Tests for linear trend in the smallest eigenvalues of the correlation matrix

A test for linear trend among a set of eigenvalues of a correlation matrix is developed. As a technical implementation of Cattell's scree test, this is a generalization of Anderson's test for the equality of eigenvalues, and extends Bentler and Yuan's work on linear trends in eigenvalues of a covariance matrix. The power of minimumx2 and maximum likelihood ratio tests are compared. Examples show that the linear trend hypothesis is more realistic than the standard hypothesis of equality of eigenvalues, and that the hypothesis is compatible with standard decisions on the number of factors or components to retain in data analysis.
23-Year-Old Woman With Syncope

Resident in Internal Medicine, Mayo School of Graduate Medical Education, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (C.A.B., L.T.H.); Advisor to residents and Consultant in Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (V.T.N.). A 23-year-old woman presented to the emergency department after an episode of syncope while at work. She had a medical history of depression and one episode of syncope several years earlier. Her most recent episode of syncope occurred earlier in the day while she was standing and assisting a student at school. There was no associated chest pain, diaphoresis, or sensation of warmth, but she experienced palpitations before the syncope. Immediately after the event, she had no postictal state and walked to the school nurse’s office, where her systolic blood pressure was found to be in the 80s mm Hg and an irregular heart rhythm was noted. Her family history was negative for heart disease. The patient worked at a local bar and consumed 6 alcoholic drinks per evening a few days per week. She noted that during the previousweek she experienced new-onset “heartburn” multiple times daily, which was partially relieved with omeprazole. On physical examination, the patient was afebrile. Her pulse rate was 92 beats/min and regular, blood pressure was 91/56 mm Hg, and respiratory rate was 16 breaths/min. She appeared fatigued but in no acute distress, and no rashes were evident. The lungs were clear to auscultation, and heart soundswere normalwithoutmurmurs. Results of the remainder of the complete multisystem examination were unremarkable. Laboratory studies yielded the following values (reference ranges shown parenthetically): hemoglobin, 15 g/dL (12.0-15.5 g/dL); leukocyte count, 9.1 10/L (3.5-10.5 10/L); sodium, 136 mmol/L (135-145 mmol/L), potassium, 4.1 mmol/L (3.6-5.2 mmol/L); and creatinine, 0.8 mg/dL (0.6-1.1 mg/dL). Results of a urine drug screen were negative. Electrocardiography (ECG) revealed normal voltage and normal sinus rhythm without remarkable ST changes. Chest radiography detected no abnormalities.
The Intra-Mercurial Planet Question

I HAVE read, in NATURE, vol. xx. p. 597, your editorial on the above subject. To the language of that portion of it relating to my observations I take most decided exception. You have, unintentionally of course, done me not a little injustice, owing to a misconception of what I have written, and, strangely enough, you have changed my language, giving it not merely a different, but an opposite, meaning.
Obstruction of the roux limb after portoenterostomy for biliary atresia: A delayed complication

We report the case of a 5-year-old girl who underwent a Kasai portoenterostomy for extrahepatic biliary atresia. The conduit was exteriorized until 11 months of age. She was doing well, with stable portal hypertension until she suddenly developed jaundice, acholic stools, and bacteremia not responsive to a course of steroids and intravenous antibiotics. Suspecting obstruction at the site of the previously exteriorized anastomosis, a percutaneous cannulation of the conduit was performed. Catheterization of the conduit obstruction unkinked it and reestablished bile flow. She has remained anicteric with stable liver function.
Kant on the Perfection of Others

Etude de l'asymetrie entre le devoir de perfection morale que nous avons envers nous-meme et le devoir de bonheur que nous avons envers autrui, definis par Kant dans le cadre des fins obligatoires. Examinant la refutation du devoir de perfection envers autrui chez Kant du point de vue de l'exegese, de l'argumentation et de l'ensemble de la morale kantienne, l'A. mesure les consequences de la position de Kant au regard de la responsabilite que nous avons envers nous-memes et du respect que nous devons a autrui, d'autre part, et defend la these selon laquelle le devoir de perfection envers autrui peut s'inscrire dans la structure normative kantienne, d'autre part
Construction of the scattering matrix in the quantum theory of interacting fields

We consider the construction from a Lagrangian of chronologically ordered objects (τ-products) which define a relativistically covariant, unitary, and causal scattering matrix for locally noncommutative field interactions. We present and justify a method for constructing the τ-products which gives an explicit form of the scattering matrix.
Finite element analysis of suspension bridges

Abstract A finite element analysis of static and dynamic response of suspension bridges is presented in this paper. Several finite element models of the three-dimensional bridge structure, with varying degrees of complexity and accuracy, are discussed. The formulation takes into account the geometric nonlinearities of the cables and some elements of the girders-bracingsdeck system as well as the nonlinear material properties of the components. Special attention is given to the effects of steady and unsteady wind forces. Examples of application include calculations of the static and dynamic response of a bridge subjected to wind and moving loads.
Exhibiting chaos and fractals with a microcomputer

Abstract The microcomputer and its graphics capabilities are used to investigate chaos in Newton's method for a complex-valued quartic polynomial. Convergence maps that show fractal geometry are presented.
The Effects of Language Laboratory Type Upon Foreign Language Achievement Scores

BECAUSE of criticism of foreign language instruction and proposals for change, ten midwestern liberal arts colleges, The Associated Colleges of Midwest,' joined together in a four-year program of cooperative research in the field of foreign language instruction. This research program was undertaken to examine and test various proposals for improvement which would provide assistance to the individual colleges in their search for ways to strengthen foreign language courses. All of the member colleges had language laboratories and included among a number of research designs, was one designed to examine the effectiveness of different types of laboratory installations.
Usefulness of programmed stimulation in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy

The response to programmed electrical stimulation and the clinical outcome was determined in 47 patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (DC). Thirteen patients (group 1) presented with sustained uniform ventricular tachycardia (VT), 14 (group 2) presented with cardiac arrest and 20 (group 3) presented with nonsustained VT. The mean ejection fraction of the study population was 28 ± 9%. The response to programmed stimulation was related to arrhythmia presentation. In all patients in group 1 sustained, uniform VT was induced, compared with 1 patient in group 2 and 2 patients in group 3 (p
Trait Associations in Introgressed Populations of Pearl Millet

Principal component analysis has been used in this study to describe the associations among 17 traits measured on progenies developed from matings of two adapted pearl millet inbreds with three exotic pearl millets. The exotic parents were a primitive I and race, a weedy relative, and a wild relative. The first three components were calculated for these matings and the associations defined. Correlations between these components and grain yield and growth rate were also determined. The first principal component described a hybrid index in five of the six matings, and a number of other complexes of traits were determined by this component or the other two. Some were common to several matings. The first three components accounted for only 50–60% of the total variability; thus no strong association of trans was found that would hinder recombination of parental types to select agronomically desirable segregates with high grain yield or growth rate
Local Delivery of Ibuprofen via Controlled-release Polymers Prevents Angiographic Vasospasm in a Monkey Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

OBJECTIVE Adhesion and migration of leukocytes into the periadventitial space play a role in the pathophysiology of vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 is a determinant cell adhesion molecule involved in this process. Ibuprofen has been shown to inhibit intercellular adhesion molecule-1 upregulation and prevent vasospasm in animal models of SAH. In this study, we report the toxicity and efficacy of locally delivered ibuprofen incorporated into controlled-release polymers to prevent vasospasm in a monkey model of SAH. METHODS Ibuprofen was incorporated into ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVAc) polymers at 45% loading (wt:wt). For the toxicity study, cynomolgus monkeys (n = 5) underwent surgical implantation of either blank/EVAc polymers (n = 3) or 45% ibuprofen/EVAc polymers (n = 2) in the subarachnoid space, were followed up for 13 weeks, and were killed for histopathological analysis. For the efficacy study, cynomolgus monkeys (n = 14) underwent cerebral angiography 7 days before and 7 days after surgery and SAH and were randomized to receive either a 45% ibuprofen/EVAc polymer (n = 7; mean dose of ibuprofen, 6 mg/kg) or blank EVAc polymers (n = 7) in the subarachnoid space. Angiographic vasospasm was determined by digital image analysis. Student's t test was used for analysis. RESULTS Animals implanted with ibuprofen polymers showed no signs of local or systemic toxicity. Animals treated with ibuprofen polymers had 91 +/- 9% lumen patency of the middle cerebral artery, compared with 53 +/- 11% of animals treated with blank/EVAc polymers (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Ibuprofen polymers are safe and prevent angiographic vasospasm after SAH in the monkey model. These findings support the role of cell adhesion molecules and inflammation in the pathophysiology of vasospasm.
Airy–Bessel wave packets as versatile linear light bullets

The generation of spatiotemporal optical wave packets that are resistant to both dispersion and diffraction are attractive for bioimaging applications and plasma physics. By combining Bessel beams in the transverse plane with temporal Airy pulses, scientists now report the first observation of a class of versatile three-dimensional linear light ‘bullets’.
The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Inner (Cellular) Galaxies: Cytology, Cytometry, Cytomics, Cellomics and Kinomics.

The Fluorescence, Flow Cytometry and Cytomics symposium welcomes you to this excursion into instrumental methods of deciphering these inner galaxies of biology (with due apology to the late Douglas Adams) [1]. It has usually been our intention to review some of the instrumental improvements in flow cytometry, multiparameter fluorescence detection and correlative aspects of microscopy with confocal and other laser or fluorescence microscopies [2]. We will continue to do this, and we will have excellent instrumental presentations. It is time to improve our perspective of just what we are looking for. There is grandeur in these views of life, even from the microscopical view alone, and these universes only get better as instruments improve.
Sequencing Rules and Due-Date Assignments in a Job Shop

Recent research studies of job shop scheduling have begun to examine the interaction between sequencing priorities and the method of assigning due-dates. This paper surveys the tactical aspects of this interaction, focusing primarily on average tardiness as a measure of scheduling effectiveness. The discussion highlights several factors that can affect the performance of dispatching rules, such as the average flow allowance, the due-date assignment method, and the use of progress milestones. A set of simulation experiments illuminates how these factors interact with the dispatching rule, and the experimental results suggest which combinations are most effective in a scheduling system.
Performance and Design of an Impulse Noise Detector for OFDM Systems with Reed-Solomon Erasure-Decoding

We develop an analytical framework to evaluate the probability-of-miss and probability-of-false-alarm performance of an impulse noise (IN) detection algorithm for orthogonal frequency-domain multiplexing (OFDM) symbols based on monitoring the post-frequency-domain-equalizer (FEQ) instantaneous error at the output of the QAM constellation demapper over a range of tones (sub-carriers). Using the VDSL system as a reference, we further analyze the impact of impulse-noise detection error events at the scale of the OFDM symbol (miss and false alarm) on the bit-error-rate (BER) performance of interleaved Reed-Solomon (RS) codes with erasure-decoding. The analysis culminates with a sequence of steps to design the parameters of the frequency-domain IN detector based on the design BER of the communication system and practical transceiver features such as noise-margin and seamless-rate-adaptation (SRA). We conclude that a tone-error based frequency-domain IN detector monitoring 100 tones is capable of providing IN detection performance that does not cause a deterioration of the average BER below the VDSL system design BER of 10-7 when interleaved RS coding with erasure-decoding is employed.
Expression of VEGF Receptors in Arteries After Endothelial Injury and Lack of Increased Endothelial Regrowth in Response to VEGF

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an endothelial cell–specific factor with angiogenic effects in vivo and mitogenic effects in vitro. Administration of VEGF has been reported to stimulate endothelial growth in denuded arteries and new blood vessel formation in models of induced tissue ischemia. In the present study, expression of VEGF and its receptors flk-1 and flt-1 was determined in injured aortas and carotid arteries of rats and mice. Neither VEGF nor flk-1 mRNA was detectable in vascular cells. mRNA levels for flt-1 were dramatically upregulated at the leading edge of a growing endothelial monolayer in vivo; however, these cells did not demonstrate increased replication after VEGF infusion. Furthermore, all doses and treatment protocols of VEGF failed to promote reendothelialization in denuded arteries. At sites of flt-1 expression, VEGF increased permeability. These areas revealed a loss of endothelial contacts at the ultrastructural level. These findings suggest that VEGF is not a direct mitogen for large-vessel endothelium in vivo and that VEGF may play a role in abolishing contact inhibition, which may be a prerequisite for endothelial proliferation.
Urban sensor networking using thick slots in manhole covers

Conversion of a manhole cover into a slot antenna is an environmentally-robust method of retrofitting sewage systems for environmental monitoring networks. Challenges in this design include the fact that the environment is harsh and not static, the radiation source is at ground level, and the antenna can not protrude from the ground. In this paper, we demonstrate successful sensor network retrofitting of common sewage systems through radiation from manhole tunnels to above-ground nodes, forming a wireless sensor network used to combat combined sewer overflows. Underground sensor-to-above-ground wireless links are established by manhole covers modified to have slits with appropriately spaced coaxial connections that create efficient slot antennas. The antenna was modeled and simulated using a full-wave simulator accounting for all features of the metallic shape of the cover. The antenna is shown to perform as expected as verified by outdoor measurements, but more importantly as implemented in a real life sensor network test bed.
Fiber hypertrophy and increased oxidative capacity can occur simultaneously in pig glycolytic skeletal muscle

An inverse relationship between skeletal muscle fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) and oxidative capacity suggests that muscle fibers hypertrophy at the expense of oxidative capacity. Therefore, our ...
Thermal-aware testing of network-on-chip using multiple-frequency clocking

Chip overheating due to excessive and unbalanced power dissipation has become a critical problem during test of complex core-based systems. In this paper, we address the overheating problem in network-on-chip systems by using on-chip multiple-frequency clocking. We control the core temperatures during test scheduling by varying the test clock frequency assigned to each core, so that the power dissipation of each core during test can be adjusted individually and thermal balance is achieved. We present a heuristic where the optimization process can be integrated with test scheduling. Experimental results for NoC benchmarks show that the proposed method can guarantee thermal safety and yield better thermal balance.
Standardized American Indians: The “Names of Indian tribes and bands” list from the Office of Indian Affairs☆

The inconsistent spelling of American Indian tribal names at the end of the nineteenth century led in part to the development within the Office of Indian Affairs of an array of 270 standardized identifiers, ranging from Absaroka to Zuni. These efforts paralleled the simultaneous improvement of a large suite of relevant terms by the United States Board on Geographic Names. Both compilations were included in style manuals published by the Government Printing Office beginning in 1900 and approved for the use of federal agencies. In 1903 and 1904, Charles J. Kappler, in the preparation of his multi-volume Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties, made particular use of this orthography when he created new individual titles for the recognized treaties between the federal government and the Indian Nations. Even with these coordinated attempts, however, versions of the “Names of Indian tribes and bands” register during the last century suffered both exclusions from, and an addition to, the original document from the Office of Indian Affairs.
Two concepts of desert

In the first section I briefly consider some stituations in which standard desert-claims would be disputed, with the aim of revealing why and by whom they are asserted or denied. Having attained some understanding of the point of different desert-statements, I propose an accound of their content that entails the thesis that statements of positive desert (deserving something desirable) sharply differ in meaning from statements of negative desert (deserving something undesirable), even when expressed in the same form. In the second section I use this ambiguity thesis to argue against an appealing way of defending Hegel's claim that a wrongdoer has a right to be punished and against Kant's defense of the view that there is a duty to punish those who deserve it. I also show how an understanding of negative desert that recognizes the ambiguity thesis enables us to defend the ordinary view of mercy against Kantian criticisms and to reject the popular misconception that mercy is necessarily at odds with justice. In the third section I use the ambiguity thesis to rebut the common claim (found in Mill and Aristotle, among others) that it is unjust for a person to have or be given mone benefits than she deserves. I conclude by showing how an understanding of positive desert that recognizes the ambiguity thesis leads to a rejection both of certain complaints against traditional systems of private property and also of certain moralistic scruples that might give pause to those who acknowledge the moral duty to assist the needy.
The Critical Role of Temporal Synchrony in the Salience of Intersensory Redundancy During Prenatal Development

We explored the amount and timing of temporal synchrony necessary to facilitate prenatal perceptual learning using an animal model, the bobwhite quail. Quail embryos were exposed to various audiovisual combinations of a bobwhite maternal call paired with patterned light during the late stages of prenatal development and were tested postnatally for evidence of prenatal auditory learning of the familiarized call. Results revealed that a maternal call paired with a single pulse of light synchronized with one note of the five note call was sufficient to facilitate embryos’ prenatal perceptual learning of the entire call. A synchronous note occurring at the onset of the call burst was most effective at facilitating learning. These findings highlight quail embryos’ remarkable sensitivity to temporal synchrony and indicate its role in promoting learning of redundantly specified stimulus properties during prenatal development.
COMMUNITY CHARACTERISTICS AND REDISTRIBUTION EFFORTS: Oklahoma's Participation in the CDBG Small Cities Program

: Decentralization of the CDBG Small Cities program caused a shift in spending priorities among grant recipients. This paper attempts to identify the variables influencing urban policy choices with respect to the CDBG Small Cities program in Oklahoma. Findings suggest that redistributive effort is heightened by greater citizen awareness of the program and low income participation. However, in the majority of grant communities, residents are not extensively involved in CDBG decisionmaking, relying instead on local officials and private consulting firms to apply for grants and administer program funds. In light of the tight control over the program by local elites and their emphasis on infrastructure improvements and economic development, outside consultants still have the capacity to persuade some localities to undertake redistributive projects.
In-hospital resuscitation: association between ACLS training and survival to discharge

Abstract Context: No data have been published on the relationship between advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) training of the individual who initiates resuscitation efforts and survival to discharge. Objective: To determine whether patients whose arrests were discovered by nurses trained in ACLS had survival rates different from those discovered by nurses not trained in ACLS. Design: Cohort case-comparison. Setting: A 550-bed, tertiary care center in central Georgia. Subjects: Patients whose cardiopulmonary arrest was discovered by a nurse who activated the in-hospital resuscitation mechanism. Main outcome measure: Patient survival to discharge. Results: Initial rhythm was strongly related to survival to discharge and individually associated with 57% of the variability in survival. Nurse's training in advanced cardiac life support was also strongly related to survival and individually associated with 29% of the variability. Combining both the variables determined 62% of the variability in survival to discharge. Patients discovered by an ACLS-trained nurse ( n =88) were about four times more likely to survive (33 survivors, 38%) than were patients, discovered by a nurse without training in ACLS ( n =29, three survivors, 10%). Conclusion: Arrest discovery by nurses trained in ACLS is significantly and dramatically associated with higher survival-to-discharge rates.
Cyclin D1 overexpression combined with N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine increases dysplasia and cellular proliferation in murine esophageal squamous epithelium.

We previosuly described the oral-esophageal tissuespecific expression of cyclin D1 with the Epstein‐Barr virus ED-L2 promoter in transgenic mice, and resulting dysplasia. Given the evidence for an interplay between environmental and genetic factors in esophageal squamous carcinogenesis, the aim of this study was to determine the potential cooperation of the nitrosamine compound N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine (NMBA), an esophageal specific carcinogen, in the cyclin D1 transgenic mice. NMBA was first demonstrated to induce dysplasia in two strains of inbred mice, C57BL/ 6 and FVB/N. Subcutaneous NMBA was then administrated to wild type and transgenic mice beginning at 4 weeks of age. Mice were monitered for the duration of the study for general appearance, activity and weight, and were euthanized at 12 and 15 months. Histopathologic analysis revealed increased severity of dysplasia in cyclin D1 mice treated with NMBA compared with treated age-matched wild-type mice and untreated mice. There was also increased proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression in the esophagi of NMBA treated cyclin D1 mice. Taken together, these findings suggest that a genetic alteration, specifically cyclin D1 overexpression and a chemical carinogen, NMBA, may cooperate to increase the severity of esophageal squamous dysplasia, a prominent precursor to carcinoma.
Application Conditions on Acoustic Emission (AE) Technique Monitoring Coal and Rock Dynamic Disasters in Mines

The application conditions of acoustic emission technique in mines are the base of acoustic emission monitoring coal and rock and gas dynamic disasters, which must be studied before acoustic emission monitoring gas dynamic disasters in the field begins. Based on the stress wave propagation theory, quality factor Q theory, and many field tests, the acoustic emission propagation theoretic model is established, and the acoustic emission propagation laws in coal and rock with the different protodyakonov coefficient are obtained. Based on these propagation laws and monitoring techniques in the field, the application conditions of acoustic emission monitoring dynamic disasters in the coal and rock are preliminarily given, which can be described that, when the protodyakonov coefficient of coal is smaller than 0.2, acoustic emission sensors must be installed in roof rock; when the protodyakonov coefficient of hardness of coal is not less than 0.2, acoustic emission sensors can be installed in the roof rock or in the coal. These conclusions support the theoretic and testing base for the further study on the acoustic emission forecasting dynamic disasters technique.
Racial Inequalities in Home Ownership

This paper examines black-white differences in patterns of home ownership, using data from a recent national survey. Race differences are estimated net of household socioeconomic characteristics, family composition, and location. Results indicate, first, that the probability of home ownership is considerably lower for blacks than it is for comparable whites, throughout the United States. Second, outside the South (but not in the South), black owner-occupied homes are worth considerably less than the homes of comparable whites. The paper concludes by discussing the implications of these results. Home ownership is an intrinsic part of the American dream. The purchase of a home has a special significance in the establishment of a family: it is, in fact, the single most important purchase that most families face. Apart from its importance as a symbol of status and security, home ownership also bestows considerable financial benefits. Since housing absorbs a bigger fraction of their budget, these financial benefits are particularly significant for people of low to middle income, who have fewer opportunities for alternative investment. In fact, home ownership is generally regarded as a primary method of capital accumulation, especially for low to middle income families (e.g., Kain and Quigley, b). Besides the wealth that accrues from housing equity itself, the well-known tax savings from home ownership also contribute to capital formation. While these tax savings increase with income (Aaron), they are more significant for families of low to middle income because there are fewer other tax shelters available for them. Finally, of course, home ownership is an important hedge against inflation, especially for those who must devote a larger portion of their income to housing (e.g., the calculations in Kain and Quigley, b, Appendix C). In this paper, we examine patterns of home ownership among white and black Americans. Major inequalities between blacks and whites have
Temperature and Its Effect on Egg Size in the Domestic Fowl

Abstract SEVERAL investigators have shown that there is considerable variation in the size of eggs produced by a domestic fowl. The manner in which different factors react on the bird to influence the size of the egg, the components of the egg most susceptible to change, and the length of time required for the various factors to influence the size of the egg have not been fully determined. There is some difference of opinion among investigators as to the fluctuations in egg weight during the first year of production. Maw and Maw (1932) and Atwood (1928) reported that there is a gradual increase in the weight of eggs of pullets during their entire first year of production. Hays (1930) has shown that pullets reach their maximum egg weight in February and decrease during the spring and summer. These seasonal fluctuations in egg size in various parts of the United States may . . .
Hypothyroidism After a Cancer Diagnosis: Etiology, Diagnosis, Complications, and Management

Hypothyroidism is a common disease that is easily treated in the majority of cases, when readily diagnosed; however, presentation of an aggregate of its symptoms is often clinically overlooked or attributed to another disease and can potentially be lethal. Already prevalent in older women, its occurrence in younger patients is rising as a result of radiation therapy, radioactive iodine therapy, and newer antineoplastic agents used to manage various malignancies. The presence of nonspecific constitutional symptoms and neuropsychiatric complaints in cancer patients can be attributed to a myriad of other diagnoses and therapies. Thyroid dysfunction can be easily overlooked in cancer patients because of the complexity of cancer’s clinical picture, particularly in the pediatric population. Underdiagnosis can have important consequences for the management of both hypothyroidism and the malignancy. At minimum, quality of life is adversely affected. Untreated hypothyroidism can lead to heart failure, psychosis, and coma and can reduce the effectiveness of potentially life-saving cancer therapies, whereas iatrogenic causes can provoke atrial fibrillation and osteoporosis. Consequently, the diagnosis and treatment of hypothyroidism in cancer patients are pertinent. We summarize the history, epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical diagnosis, and management of hypothyroidism in cancer patients.
Outpatient Detoxification Completion and One-Month Outcomes for Opioid Dependence: A Preliminary Study of a Neuropsychoanalytic Treatment in Pain Patients and Addicted Patients

The current practice in the United States is to maintain patients with opioid dependence on opioids. A case series approach was used to investigate the results of outpatient detoxification/opioid-free treatment using a neuropsychoanalytic paradigm. Detoxification involved a single dose of buprenorphine, adjunctive medications, and intensive neuropsychoanalytic psychotherapy. Depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and nicotine dependence were treated with bupropion. Low-dose naltrexone was used to remedy hypothesized low endogenous opioid tone. In the study, 92% of subjects completed one week of detoxification. By selfreport, 60% were still sober one month into treatment. When divided into a group who met the DSM–IV criteria for opioid dependence because of withdrawal, tolerance, and inability to cut down or stop opioid medications only (the “Pain Group”) and a group who met more than these three criteria (the “Addicted Group”), there were significant differences in maintaining abstin...
Reduction of experimental canine myocardial reperfusion injury by a monoclonal antibody (anti-Mo1, anti-CD11b) that inhibits leukocyte adhesion.

Abstract A monoclonal antibody (904) that binds to a leukocyte cell adhesion-promoting glycoprotein, (Mo1; CD11b/CD18) was administered (1 mg/kg, iv.) to open chest anesthetized dogs 45 min after the induction of regional myocardial ischemia. Ischemia was produced by occluding the left circumflex coronary artery (LCX) for 90 min and then reperfusing for 6 h. There was no difference between control and antibody treated groups with respect to arterial blood pressure, heart rate, or LCX blood flow. Administration of antibody produced no observable effect on circulating neutrophil counts, suggesting that antibody-bound neutrophils were not cleared from the circulation. The mean size of myocardial infarct expressed as percentage of the area at risk of infarction that resulted was reduced by 46% with anti-Mo1 treatment (25.8 +/- 4.7%, n = 8) compared to control (47.6 +/- 5.7%, n = 8; P less than 0.01). The area at risk of infarction was similar between groups. Circulating (serum) antibody excess was confirmed in all 8 anti-Mo1 treated dogs by immunofluorescence analysis. Analysis of ST segment elevation on the electrocardiogram as an indicator of the severity of ischemia suggests that the anti-Mo1 reduces infarct size independent of the severity of ischemia. An additional group of dogs (n = 5) was tested with a control monoclonal antibody of the same subtype (murine IgG1) and was found to produce no significant reduction in myocardial infarct size. Accumulation of neutrophils within the myocardium was significantly attenuated with 904 treatment when analyzed by histological methods. These data demonstrate that administration of anti-Mo1 monoclonal antibody after the induction of regional myocardial ischemia results in reduced myocardial reperfusion injury as measured by ultimate infarct size.