cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Free surface boundary conditions for diffusive radiation transport in PRS simulations

The use of a free surface boundary condition for radiation streaming into an optically thin exterior region of a plasma radiation source (PRS) is developed and tested within the Mach2 code. The matching problem for diffusive and free streaming radiation flux at an interface is solved in the presence of energy exchange between the diffusing radiation and the ambient electron fluid. It is found that the ratio of Planck to Rosseland opacity is a strong modifier of the radiation temperature profile required to meet the match condition. Moreover, as compared to an external radiation temperature boundary condition, a free surface boundary condition predicts a radiation fluence more compatible with a semithin emission regime assessed by the tabular CRE model. The free surface condition also removes the need to assess the radiation temperature at simulation boundaries far away from the PRS.
Arthritis Patients' Reactions to Unavoidable Social Comparisons

Seventy-two women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were randomly assigned to view a depiction of a woman having either very mild or very severe RA and coping either quite weal or quite poorly with the illness. Subjects rated the woman's arthritis severity, her coping with RA, their own arthritis severity, and their own coping with RA. These ratings provided an indirect assessment of how subjects evaluated themselves relative to the stimulus woman. In addition, subjects compared their RA severity and coping directly with the stimulus woman's. In the direct comparisons, subjects who saw the good coper did not acknowledge her coping superiority, despite having done so on the indirect assessment. No effects were obtained for the severity condition. These findings suggest that individuals extract self-enhancing information from social comparisons, even when the comparison target and dimension are constrained and the target's status is superior
Health Care in the PRC, 1981

China's health policy continues to evolve in the context of larger political issues and goals. The current leadership's commitment to modernization is clearly reflected in the most recent statements by the Ministry of Health. Current policy calls for continuing emphasis on rural health, professionalizing Barefoot Doctors, upgrading one-third of the county hospitals, increasing medical expenditures, and helping the cooperative medical services. Current policy continues to emphasize development of traditional medicine and its combination with Western practice, accelerated attention to the family planning program, and health protection programs emphasizing particularly industrial, environmental, and food industry problems. A health care study tour of the People's Republic of China in July 1981 provided an opportunity to gather some impressions concerning the extent of implementation of current policy, at least as observed in several provinces around the country. This experience also served as a reminder of what can be accomplished in a developing country with minimal
Mourning and adaptation following the death of a parent in childhood.

My article is a very personal one. It is based on my recently published memoir, City of One, which tells a story of parental death in childhood. I will use this opportunity to interweave some of the conflicting viewpoints on childhood mourning, both from psychoanalytic and nonpsychoanalytic writings, with my own experiences. My memoir touches on many of the themes that appear in the professional literature, and follows them from my earliest childhood memories through my life today. My first exposure to death came when I was three years old and my father was fatally stricken with a cerebral hemorrhage caused by an undiagnosed brain tumor. My half-brother was five, and my mother was two months pregnant with my younger sister. My father had been the sole wage earner, and had left little money. My mother’s parents moved in with us to help out with finances and child care. Two years later, my grandfather died suddenly, and shortly after that, my mother developed breast cancer. She underwent multiple surgeries and other disfiguring treatments, until she succumbed to lung metastases when I was eleven. Of the four adults who had raised me, now only my grandmother remained. Throughout this entire series of events, my mother and I maintained a pact of silence. As a child, I believed this protected us, and that we would simply fall apart and stop functioning if we discussed our experiences with illness and death, however obvious their impact on our lives. I quote from the memoir.
Planning For The Development Of Site‐Specific Resources: The Example Of Geothermal Energy*

Low temperature geothermal energy requires that precedence for development be given land use characteristics in communities of proposed utilization. A procedure which uses Scottsdale, Arizona as the model involves overlaying maps of user energy density, parcel ownership, parcel size, parcel vacancy, and zoning. An analysis of existing geochemical and geological data and cost/benefit followed and allowed further refinement. Adopting this procedure elsewhere would accelerate direct usage of geothermal energy.
Examining the influence of aggressive driving behavior on driver injury severity in traffic crashes

In this paper, we capture the moderating effect of aggressive driving behavior while assessing the influence of a comprehensive set of variables on injury severity. In doing so, we are able to account for the indirect effects of variables on injury severity through their influence on aggressive driving behavior, as well as the direct effect of variables on injury severity. The methodology used in the paper to accommodate the moderating effect of aggressive driving behavior takes the form of two models - one for aggressive driving and another for injury severity. These are appropriately linked to obtain the indirect and direct effects of variables. The data for estimation is obtained from the National Motor Vehicle Crash Causation Study (NMVCCS). From an empirical standpoint, we consider a fine age categorization until 20 years of age when examining age effects on aggressive driving behavior and injury severity. There are several important results from the empirical analysis undertaken in the current paper based on post-crash data collection on aggressive behavior participation just prior to the crash and injury severity sustained in a crash. Young drivers (especially novice drivers between 16 and 17 years of age), drivers who are not wearing seat belt, under the influence of alcohol, not having a valid license, and driving a pick-up are found to be most likely to behave aggressively. Situational, vehicle, and roadway factors such as young drivers traveling with young passengers, young drivers driving an SUV or a pick-up truck, driving during the morning rush hour, and driving on roads with high speed limits are also found to trigger aggressive driving behavior. In terms of vehicle occupants, the safest situation from a driver injury standpoint is when there are two or more passengers in the vehicle, at least one of whom is above the age of 20 years. These and many other results are discussed, along with implications of the result for graduated driving licensing (GDL) programs.
Observations of plasma depletion in the magnetosheath at the dayside magnetopause

In a set of 17 low- to mid-latitude crossings of the dayside and near-dayside magnetopause, Imp 6 plasma measurements show 11 cases of decreases in magnetosheath density just outside the boundary which are consistent with plasma depletion owing to magnetic flux tube compression as the field becomes draped against the magnetopause. Pressure anisotropies in the sense pressure perpendicular to the field direction greater than pressure parallel to it are a predicted result of the plasma depletion and field compression, and such anisotropies are observed. Application of the mirror instability criterion, which predicts growth of slow mode magnetoacoustic waves for values of the ratio between the cited pressures greater than a critical value, suggests that dayside magnetosheath plasma is usually unstable. One of the seventeen cases shows long-period waveforms in the 100-s density data that are 180 deg out of phase with simultaneous waveforms in the magnetic field strength. These data are interpreted as the signature of slow mode magnetoacoustic waves.
The use of fluoride as a natural tracer in water and the relationship to geological features: Examples from the Animas River Watershed, San Juan Mountains, Silverton, Colorado

ABSTRACT Investigations within the Silverton caldera, in southwestern Colorado,used a combination of traditional geological mapping, alteration-assemblage mapping, and aqueous geochemical sampling that showed a relationship between geological and hydrologic features that may be used to better understand the provenance and evolution of the water. Veins containing fluorite, huebnerite, and elevated molybdenum concentrations are temporally and perhaps genetically associated with the emplacement of high-silica rhyolite intrusions. Both the rhyolites and the fluorite-bearing veins produce waters containing elevated concentrations of F − , K and Be. The identification of water samples with elevated F/Cl molar ratios (> 10) has also aided in the location of water draining F-rich sources, even after these waters have been diluted substantially. These unique aqueous geochemical signatures can be used to relate water chemistry to key geological features and mineralized source areas. Two examples that illustrate this relationship are: (1) surface-water samples containing elevated F − concentrations (> 1.8 mg/l) that closely bracket the extent of several small high-silica rhyolite intrusions; and (2) water samples containing elevated concentrations of F − (> 1.8 mg/l) that spatially relate to mines or areas that contain late-stage fluorite/huebnerite veins. In two additional cases, the existence of high F − concentrations in water can be used to: (1) infer interaction of the water with mine waste derived from systems known to contain the fluorite/huebnerite association; and (2) relate changes in water quality over time at a high elevation mine tunnel to plugging of a lower elevation mine tunnel and the subsequent rise of the water table into mineralized areas containing fluorite/huebnerite veining. Thus, the unique geochemical signature of the water produced from fluorite veins indicates the location of high-silica rhyolites, mines, and mine waste containing the veins. Existence of high F − concentrations along with K and Be in water in combination with other geological evidence may be used to better understand the provenance of the water.
Probing T cell membrane organization using dimeric MHC–Ig complexes

In this report, we review a novel method for probing the membrane organization of T cells using dimeric major histocompatibility complexes (MHC), MHC-Ig. MHC-Ig complexes are useful reagents for quantitative analysis of binding data since their valency is controlled. These complexes can be easily labeled and loaded with a variety of peptides. A binding assay using these dimers and quantitative analysis of the MHC-Ig dimer-T cell binding curves is described in detail. Using this approach, we show that the organization of TCR on activated T cells is different from TCR organization on nai;ve T cells. The implications of these findings are discussed with regards to current models of T cell recognition. This analysis offers insight into how T cell controls their biological range of responsiveness. Specifically, these findings reveal the biophysical basis of the ability of activated T cells to recognize low amounts of antigen independent of costimulation.
LYMPHOCELES FOLLOWING RENAL TRANSPLANTATION

The symptom complex of ipsilateral leg swelling, leg pain, pelvic fullness and decreased renal function in a renal transplant recipient coupled with roentgenographic demonstration of an extrinsic mass compressing the urinary bladder and perhaps obstructing or displacing the transplant kidney ureter, is almost diagnostic of a lymphocele.Impaired renal function, thrombophlebitis and subsequent pulmonary embolism are severe complications of lymphoceles. The treatment of choice appears to be external drainage for primary lymphoceles and intraperitoneal marsupialization for recurrent lymphoceles.
mago nashi mediates the posterior follicle cell-to-oocyte signal to organize axis formation in Drosophila

Establishment of the anteroposterior and dorsoventral axes in the Drosophila egg chamber requires reciprocal signaling between the germ line and soma. Upon activation of the Drosophila EGF receptor in the posterior follicle cells, these cells signal back to the oocyte, resulting in a reorganization of the oocyte cytoplasm and anterodorsal migration of the oocyte nucleus. We demonstrate that the gene mago nashi (mago) encodes an evolutionarily conserved protein that must be localized within the posterior pole plasm for germ-plasm assembly and Caenorhabditis elegans mago is a functional homologue of Drosophila mago. In the absence of mago+ function during oogenesis, the anteroposterior and dorsoventral coordinates of the oocyte are not specified and the germ plasm fails to assemble.
Off and On Equilibrium Analysis of a Competitive Market Using Both Price Gap and Excess Demand Approaches In Terms of Three Adjustment Weights.

For a competitive market having linear inverse demand and supply, this paper derives all the off equilibrium formulae of interest in terms of price gap and three new adjustment weights that this paper defines. It also derives all the off equilibrium formulae in terms of excess demand. It derives all the equilibrium formulae by adjusting the price gap and excess demand.
Clinical decision making regarding suicide risk: Effect of patient and clinician age

To ascertain how patient age influences suicide risk assessment, clinicians (N = 262) read an ambiguous vignette about Bill (aged either 39 or 79 years old) and subsequently rated Bill's suicide risk and hospitalization needs. Suicide-risk ratings varied greatly and young clinicians rated Bill's suicide risk and hospitalization needs higher when he was elderly (79 years old); whereas, older clinicians rated Bill's suicide risk and need for hospitalization higher when he was younger (39 years old). The interaction between patient and clinician age may reflect a "similarity" bias, such that clinicians perceive those who are different (i.e., younger or older) to be at elevated risk.
CONTROLLING THE ALIGNED GROWTH OF CARBON NANOTUBES BY SUBSTRATE SELECTION AND PATTERNING

To build nanotube based nanodevices, controlling the growth of aligned carbon nanotubes will be essential. Our group reported a method for growing aligned nanotube selectively on SiO 2 surfaces by thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method from xylene-metallocene mixtures. Here we will describe further studies on the roles of shape and thickness of patterned oxide structures for the controlled growth of aligned carbon nanotubes. By designing the shapes and the thickness of silicon oxide patterns with conventional micro fabrication techniques like lithography and dry & wet etching we could control the growth position as well as orientation of aligned carbon nanotubes precisely.
Rejection of the homotransplanted dog liver in the absence of hepatic insufficiency.

SummaryA method is presented for transplantation of a donor liver into the pelvis of recipient dogs without disturbing the recipient liver. This surgical preparation has been designed for the study of the immunologic rejection of the liver in the absence of hepatic insufficiency and of jaundice. The recipient liver shows only nonspecific changes. No evidence of an immunologic attack of the graft on the host liver is recognizable. The donor liver exhibits transient anoxic changes which do not appear to interfere with hepatic function as judged by its sequential biliary secretion. Bile secretion ceases within 8 days. Piecemeal necrosis, particularly accentuated on the lobular periphery near the portal tracts, leads to a relentless elimination of all liver cells and their replacement by immunologically active cells within 20 days. The initial stage of this rejection resembles the peripheral piecemeal necrosis of chronic active hepatitis and progressing cirrhosis in man.
Design of a Mach-6 Quiet-Flow Wind-Tunnel Nozzle using the e**N Method for Transition Estimation

A high Reynolds-number Mach-6 quiet-flow windtunnel nozzle has been designed for a new quietflow Ludwieg tube. The quiet-flow nozzle is designed to maintain laminar boundary layers on the nozzle walls as far downstream as possible. A very long nozzle with gentle curvature is used to reduce Gortler instability. Early transition would occur in adiabatic nozzles of this type, due to the first-mode TS instability. This is controlled with an isothermal wall temperature that is high near the throat and tapers to ambient near the exit. The crossflow instability is eliminated through use of an axisymmetric nozzle. Predictions using eN techniques suggest that a quiet-flow Reynolds number in excess of 13 million can be achieved in a 103-inch-long 9-inch-diameter prototype nozzle at 10 atm. total pressure. This performance would be about twice that of the existing Langley Mach-6 quiet-flow nozzle. A 33-foot-long 24-inch nozzle at the same pressure is predicted to have a quiet Reynolds number of more than 36 million, a value sufficient to allow reproducing many flight experiments.
Green Peach Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) Resistance to Endosulfan in Peach and Nectarine Orchards in Washington State

The insecticides esfenvalerate, chlorpyrifos and endosulfan were used in diagnostic dose assays with clonal populations of the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), collected as fundatrices from peach and nectarine orchards near Yakima and the Tri Cities in Washington State. Frequency distributions of clonal mortalities were unimodal for esfenvalerate and chlorpyrifos. In contrast, a distinctly multimodal distribution of clonal mortalities was observed for endosulfan, which indicates the presence of 2 or more classes of insecticide tolerance. Dose-response lines for 4 clones chosen for their responses in the diagnostic doses study showed resistance ratios of 16-26 for endosulfan. These ratios are high enough to explain occasionally reported field failures of endosulfan. Dose-response lines for 6 clones to esfenvalerate showed small resistance ratios (maximum, 3.2) and were inconsistent with resistance levels of practical significance. There was no correlation within clones in their responses to endosulfan or esfenvalerate compared with chlorpyrifos but there was a slight, but significant, correlation in responses to endosulfan and esfenvalerate. It appears that the mechanism of resistance to the cyclodiene insecticide, endosulfan, is novel and not gene amplification of carboxylesterase E4.
Abstract 293: Characterization of renal tumor-initiating cells in human renal carcinoma cell lines

High aldehyde dehydrogenase activity (ALDH) has been used as a putative marker for the tumor- initiating subpopulation in many cancer types. We previously showed that tumor-initiating cells in human osteosarcoma OS99-1 cell line can be identified using ALDH. In the current study we sought to determine whether ALDH can be also used as a marker to isolate tumor-initiating populations from human renal carcinoma cell lines. By using a xenograft model in which cells from human renal carcinoma cell line ACHN and Caki-2 were grown in NOD/SCID mice, we identified a subset of renal cells that were highly tumorigenic based on the high aldehyde dehydrogenase activity. Isolated cancer cells with relatively high aldehyde dehydrogenase activity (ALDHbr cells) revealed a greater colony-forming efficiency, higher proliferative output, the ability to grow in non-adhesive spheroids, the capability to undergo adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation, and increased expression of stem cell marker genes Oct3/4A, Nanog and Pax-2. In vivo experiments showed that ALDHbr cells were enriched with greater tumorigenicity compared to their counterparts with low ALDH activity (ALDHlo cells), generating new tumors with as few as 25 cells. The isolation of renal tumor-initiating cells by their high ALDH activity may lead to a new insight into the study of how renal cell carcinoma may take place, and may lead to effective prognostic and therapeutic strategies for the treatment of patients with kidney cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 293. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-293
On the Influence of Early Films on Sentiment Novels:A Case Study of Violet Film Issue

The writers of the School of Mandarin Duck and Butterfly have put the films in their sentimental fictions,which leads the film walking into the classical emotion space by romantic and aesthetic narrations.It brings particular reading experience to readers as well as represents the reality at that time.Scenes and characters relating to films have become the creative materials of the popular novels,and the cinema became an important place for the characters doing their activities in the novel.In the 1920s,the popular literature obtained creation nourishment from films which provided bases for foundation of the trend of interaction between the elegant and popular literature in the 1930s.The films strengthened the popular literature creation and impacted the popular literature style.Take the sentiment novels published on the Violet Film Issue for example.The films not only became the materials and subjects for novels but also influenced their writing style.The interaction between the literature and film is an important Chinese culture phenomenon during the period.
Ethyl acetate:an alternative to ether in anesthetizing Drosophila melanogaster

In biology class,diethyl ether is the most commonly used anaesthetic in Drosophila melanogaster anesthetizing.However,the availability and use of the ether is strictly controlled by law in China.Here we reported that ethyl acetate,an effective asphyxiant used in insect collecting and study,can be used as a substitute for ether in Drosophila melanogaster anesthetizing.For each trial,20-30 wild-type flies were randomly selected from culture vials,and were anesthetized in a container(125 cm3) with 40,80,120 μl ethyl acetate or diethyl ether(CK),each trial was replicated four times.The percentage of unaroused flies 20min and 120min after fully anesthetized were counted for estimating the effect and safety of ethyl acetate.The results indicated that ethyl acetate can be used to anesthetize Drosophila melanogaster;the time for ethyl acetate effect is longer than that of ether;however,the time at which the flies were fully anesthetized by ethyl acetate was shorter than or similar to that by corresponding ether control;the anesthesia time of ethyl acetate is longer than that of ether control;more than 90% ethyl acetate anesthetized flies aroused within 120min.It indicated that ethyl acetate was safe to Drosophila melanogaster in the tried concentration.Result suggested that ethyl acetate can be used as a substitute for diethyl ether in biology laboratory.
Postscript to Bee Stings: Delayed ‘Serum Sickness’

(1983). Postscript to Bee Stings: Delayed ‘Serum Sickness’. Hospital Practice: Vol. 18, No. 12, pp. 36-46.
Applying the new gamma ray imager diagnostic to measurements of runaway electron Bremsstrahlung radiation in the DIII-D Tokamak (invited)

A new gamma ray imager (GRI) is developed to probe the electron distribution function with 2D spatial resolution during runaway electron (RE) experiments at the DIII-D tokamak. The diagnostic is sensitive to 0.5–100 MeV gamma rays, allowing characterization of the RE distribution function evolution during RE growth and dissipation. The GRI consists of a lead “pinhole camera” mounted on the DIII-D midplane with 123 honeycombed tangential chords 20 cm wide that span the vessel interior. Up to 30 bismuth germanate (BGO) scintillation detectors capture RE bremsstrahlung radiation for Pulse Height Analysis (PHA) capable of discriminating up to 20 000 pulses per second. Digital signal processing routines combining shaping filters are performed during PHA to reject noise and record gamma ray energy. The GRI setup and PHA algorithms will be described and initial data from experiments will be presented. A synthetic diagnostic is developed to generate the gamma ray spectrum of a GRI channel given the plasma informa...
A Dickens Line from Sheridan

(1990). A Dickens Line from Sheridan. ANQ: A Quarterly Journal of Short Articles, Notes and Reviews: Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 106-107.
Bayesian mode regression using mixtures of triangular densities

Abstract Bayesian semiparametric models for mean and median regressions abound, but a void for mode regressions exists. We fill this gap by nonparametrically modeling the error distribution in such regressions that entails constructing prior distributions on densities which exhibit flexibility, while fixing the mode at 0. Such priors exist when constraining the mean and median but, to our knowledge, there is none for the mode. Our solution with mixtures of triangular distributions results in a conditionally conjugate prior on the space of unimodal, untruncated, convex densities. Consistency properties of the resulting modal estimators are studied, followed by simulated and real data illustrations.
Sharp interface model of creep deformation in crystalline solids

We present a rigorous irreversible thermodynamics treatment of creep deformation of solid materials with interfaces described as geometric surfaces capable of vacancy generation and absorption and moving under the influence of local thermodynamic forces. The free energy dissipation rate derived in this work permits clear identification of thermodynamic driving forces for all stages of the creep process and formulation of kinetic equations of creep deformation and microstructure evolution. The theory incorporates capillary effects and reveals the different roles played by the interface free energy and interface stress. To describe the interaction of grain boundaries with stresses, we classify grain boundaries into coherent, incoherent and semicoherent, depending on their mechanical response to the stress. To prepare for future applications, we specialize the general equations to a particular case of a linear-elastic solid with a small concentration of vacancies. The proposed theory creates a thermodynamic framework for addressing more complex cases, such as creep in multicomponent alloys and cross-effects among vacancy generation/absorption and grain boundary motion and sliding.
Beyond Q–Q plots: Some new graphical tools for the assessment of distributional assumptions and the tail behavior of the data

We introduce some new approaches for the graphical assessment of distribution of the data that supplement the existing graphical methods. Analogous to Q–Q plots and P–P plots, we introduce plots based on arc length and area of surface of revolution of the density function. Thus, our method indirectly makes use not only of density assumed but also of the derivatives thereof. We illustrate, by using several examples, that these plots help us identify the correct distribution and also rule out the incorrect possibilities. We further consider the problem of assessing the behavior of the data toward the tail and develop graphical tools to identify the closest potential probability distribution for the tail. Examples based on real data are provided.
Interfaith Groups as Mediating Structures for Political Action: A Multilevel Analysis

This study investigates interfaith groups from across the United States to understand how these religious settings may serve as mediating structures to facilitate individual political action. Based on a multilevel modeling analysis with 169 individuals from 25 interfaith groups, we found that core activities of the group, such as group members sharing community information (e.g., announcing upcoming events, political meetings, community issues) or sharing religious information (e.g., educating members about their religion) positively and negatively predicted individual political action as a result of group participation, respectively. Moreover, a sense that the interfaith group served as a community to work for local change, but not trust within the group, predicted political action as a result of group participation. However, this effect for a sense the group served as a community to work for local change was stronger and more positive as the degree of community information sharing in the group increased. These results show that a core activity of sharing community information may enhance the ability of a group to mediate political action. Overall, these findings demonstrate the potential role of interfaith groups to mediate political action, and show the importance of considering both individual and group characteristics when understanding these religious settings. Limitations and directions for future research are also discussed.
Vitalizing Pedestrian Safety

(1939). Vitalizing Pedestrian Safety. The Journal of Health and Physical Education: Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 70-124.
Synthesis, secretion, and perception of abscisic acid regulates stress responses in Chlorella sorokiniana

Abscisic acid (ABA) is a phytohormone that has been extensively characterized in higher plants for its roles in seed and bud dormancy, leaf abscission, and stress responses. Genomic studies have identified orthologs for ABA-related genes throughout the Viridiplantae, including in unicellular algae; however, the role of ABA in algal physiology has not been characterized, and the existence of such a role has been a matter of dispute. In this study, we demonstrate that ABA is involved in regulating algal stress responses. Chlorella sorokiniana strain UTEX 1230 contains genes orthologous to those of higher plants which are essential for ABA biosynthesis, sensing, and degradation. RNAseq-based transcriptomic studies reveal that treatment with ABA induces dramatic changes in gene expression profiles, including the induction of a subset of genes involved in DNA replication and repair, a phenomenon which has been demonstrated in higher plants. Pretreatment of C. sorokiniana cultures with ABA exerts a protective effect on cell viability in response to ultraviolet radiation. Additionally, C. sorokiniana produces and secretes biologically relevant amounts of both ABA and the oxylipin 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA) into the growth medium in response to abiotic stressors. Taken together, these phenomena suggest that ABA signaling evolved as an intercellular stress response signaling molecule in eukaryotic microalgae prior to the evolution of multicellularity and colonization of land.
Holographic 3D Microscopy of Optically Cleared Tissue

Using on chip holographic microscopy and a simplified CLARITY method with colorimetric staining, we present 3D imaging of optically cleared mouse brain tissue over a large volume of ~5.2 mm × 3.9 mm × 0.2 mm.
Reparatur und Rekombination von DNA-Molekülen

Jeder Organismus verfugt uber Mechanismen zur Bewahrung seiner Nukleinsaure (d.h. zur Reparatur von Schaden daran). Trotzdem zeigen die meisten Organismen, einschlieslich sogar der Bakterien und Viren, genetischen Austausch. Die beiden Prozesse scheinen gegenlaufig zu wirken, denn die Rekombination, d.h. die Wanderung genetischer Information von einem Nukleinsauremolekul zu einem anderen, impliziert strukturelle Anderungen in der Nukleinsaure. Wie in diesem Kapitel besprochen wird, sind trotzdem viele Schritte im Rekombinationsprozes die gleichen wie bei der Reparatur. Die Rekombination last sich als Prozes betrachten, bei dem die Moglichkeit zur Beschadigung einer Nukleinsaure durch die Vorzuge aufgewogen werden kann, die eventuell neue genetische Informationen mit sich bringen. In der Praxis wurde nur die Reparatur und Rekombination von DNA-Molekulen untersucht, da RNA zu unstabil und/oder zu ungenau synthetisiert und damit eine genetische Analyse fast unmoglich wird (5.III). In jungster Zeit sind aber auch Rekombinationsprozesse bei RNA-Viren beschrieben worden. Die Vorgange, die zur Reparatur beschadigter DNA fuhren, konnen in zwei Gruppen unterteilt werden: Solche, die die eigentliche chemische Veranderung korrigieren (revertieren), und solche, die zuerst ein DNA-Segment, in dem der Schaden liegt, entfernen, und dann dieses Segment korrekt neu synthetisieren. Daher gibt es konzeptuell zwei Typen von Rekombinationsprozessen: die Kopienwahl (engl. „copy choice”), wobei zwei verschiedene DNA-Molekule als Matrize zur Synthese eines einzigen rekombinanten DNA-Strangs dienen, und das Brechen und Wiedervereinigen (engl. „breakage and reunion”), wobei ein physikalischer Austausch von DNA-Segmenten erfolgt.
Assessing Interdependent Responsibility

Education has the potential to engage youth and make space for them to step into their power as they experience and critically consider themselves part of the wider world. This type of learning and teaching is becoming increasingly challenging in an educational climate where education policies and assessment measures are based on a sense of responsibility as accountability. In this rejoinder, we argue that accountability mandates lead youth away from the type of responsibility that leads to a responsive and engaged population in interconnected worlds and explore more evolved, organic types of responsibility as integral to our learning with youth in education. These types of responsibility rest on conceptions of learning as transformative. We discuss how we can measure this sort of learning and responsibility in schools. Drawing on voices of participants involved in a service-learning experience, we explore the consequences of an education that fosters these types of responsibility and emphasize the potential of an education that fosters interdependent responsibility:
Computing a Two-Dimensional Quench Front

A difference method for the two-dimensional quench front problem using temperature as an independent variable is described and used to compute velocities of traveling wave solutions. Results indicate that this method is more efficient than standard difference methods for large values of the Biot number.
PULMONARY MANIFESTATIONS OF JUVENILE RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: A Report of Eight Cases and Review

Pleuropulmonary disease was seen in 4 per cent of patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Roentgenographic abnormalities seen in association with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis include: transient pneumonitis, interstitial reticular and nodular infiltrates, pleural and pericardial effusions, and patchy pleural infiltrates. Pathologic abnormalities seen in association with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis include pulmonary hemosiderosis, lymphoid follicular bronchiolitis, and lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis. Patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and pleural disease recover fully. In children with parenchymal disease, residual abnormalities include roentgenographic evidence of interstitial fibrosis and minimal abnormalities of pulmonary function.
Mesenchymal Lesions of the Urinary Bladder

Proliferations of mesenchymal cells, which are mesoderm-derived cells that form connective tissues, are uncommon in the urinary bladder. The majority of these lesions are comprised of cells with myofibroblastic, smooth muscle, or skeletal muscle lineage. Urothelial carcinomas may also rarely have a spindle cell histology that closely mimic mesenchymal cells, and in some cases specific lines of true mesenchymal differentiation such as chondrosarcoma may be present (i.e., carcinosarcoma). This spectrum of mesenchymal lesions may be diagnostically challenging for pathologists due to the degree of histologic overlap between clinically benign and malignant lesions. In some instances, the number of different diagnostic terms that have been applied to the same lesion has added unnecessary confusion for urologists and pathologists alike. Finally, given the rarity of this spectrum of lesions, there are often little data available to help guide therapeutic decision-making. We discuss these diagnostic and treatment issues related to mesenchymal lesions of the urinary bladder in this chapter.
Premature closure of the foramen ovale

Abstract Two cases are presented in which there was partial premature closure of the foramen ovale, associated with fetal anasarca. This condition has been reported only a few times in the literature; all of the cases are similar. A brief discussion of the mechanism and etiology of the condition is given.
Clinical outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation receiving amiodarone on NOACs vs. warfarin.

Amiodarone is a potent inhibitor of the CYP450:3A4 and inhibitor of the P-glycoprotein, both of which metabolize new oral anticoagulants (NOACs). Patients who are on NOACs and are concomitantly treated with amiodarone may have a higher risk of major bleeding according to recent retrospective trials. Whether this increased risk outweighs the benefits of NOACs compared to warfarin is unknown. We aimed to compare clinical outcomes between NOACs and warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) being treated with amiodarone. We performed a systematic review of MEDLINE, Cochrane, and Embase for randomized controlled trials that compared NOACs to warfarin for prophylaxis of ischemic stroke/thromboembolic events (TEs) in patients with AF and reported outcomes on TE, major bleeding, and intracranial bleeding (ICB). Risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence intervals were measured using the Mantel-Haenszel method. Fixed effects model was used, and if heterogeneity (I2) was > 25%, effects were analyzed using a random model. A total of four studies comparing NOACs to warfarin were included in the analysis. The total number of patients on amiodarone was 6197. Mean follow up was 23 ± 5 months. No statistically significant difference for TE prevention (RR, 0.73; 95% CI 0.50–1.07), major bleeding (RR, 1.02; 95% CI 0.68–1.53), or ICB outcomes (RR, 0.58; 95% CI 0.22–1.51) between patients on NOACs + amiodarone when compared to patients on warfarin + amiodarone. Among patients with AF taking amiodarone, there is no increased risk of stroke, major bleeding, or ICB with NOACs compared to warfarin.
Compare combination allograft material to DFDBA in alveolar ridge preservation

The aim of this split mouth clinical study was to compare DFDBA to combination allograft that is FDBA and DFDBA in alveolar ridge preservation Changes in ridge dimension were evaluated as was graft consolidation ability to place implants and additional grafting needs Methods extraction sockets in patients who presented to the School of Dental Medicine were selected to be part of the study These patients required extractions with ridge preservation with the eventual goal of being restored with dental implants Extraction sockets were randomly assigned to either the control group DFDBA or test group combination allograft Immediately after extraction a limited CBCT was taken to evaluate the socket The extraction sockets received the assigned graft material was covered with fast absorbing collagen dressing and sutured with polyglactin After months a second scan was taken D rending software was used to compare the two scans and measured horizontal dimensional changes to the ridge Results The changes were found as a loss of mm for the test group and mm for the control group Graft integration was excellent for both the control and test groups Implant placement was possible without any additional augmentation in these sites that went under ridge preservation Conclusions Extraction followed by alveolar ridge preservation using either demineralized freeze dried bone allograft or a combination allograft resulted in clinically negligible changes in alveolar ridge dimension There were minimal differences between the two grafting materials when measuring changes in alveolar ridge dimension using CBCT
Adipose tissue grafting for management of persistent anastomotic leak after low anterior resection

An anastomotic leak is the most dreaded complication after low anterior resection. Adipose tissue grafting may induce healing in a persistent anastomotic defect. The aim of the present study was to report retrospectively reviewed outcomes for a series of patients who were managed with heterotopic grafted adipose tissue to facilitate anastomotic healing. Patients with anastomotic leakage after low anterior resection sequentially treated with grafting of adipose tissue were included in the study. All patients had pelvic radiation during treatment and had a diverting ileostomy in situ. The cohort had a persistent defect despite being treated with available modalities such as suture repair, fibrin glue, Endo-Sponge and surgical debridement. The outcomes were reviewed and reported. There were 11 patients (8 males and 3 females) with a median age of 54 years (range 33–72 years). Five patients experienced complete healing of the anastomotic defect with successful reversal of the diverting ileostomy. The anastomotic defect of one other patient in the series appeared to have healed and hence his diverting ileostomy was reversed. However, he presented with a recurrent leak, which ultimately necessitated an abdominoperineal resection. Another patient had a persistent defect after an attempt at adipose tissue grafting and opted to proceed with a takedown of the anastomosis. In the remaining four patients, the outcome after adipose tissue grafting remains unknown, as two patients succumbed to metastatic disease, one was lost to follow-up and the remaining patient developed a recurrence which required pelvic exenteration. Procedural associated morbidity occurred in one patient who developed fat embolism, which was treated expectantly. Adipose tissue grafting is safe and feasible, though its effectiveness remains uncertain. It may be useful selectively in the management of persistent anastomotic leak after radiation and low anterior resection.
The metabolic power required to support body weight and accelerate body mass changes during walking on uphill and downhill slopes.

Abstract The metabolic cost of walking is due to muscle force generated to support body weight (BW), external work performed to redirect and accelerate the center of mass (CoM), and internal work performed to swing the limbs and maintain balance. We hypothesized that BW support would incur a greater and lower percentage of Net Metabolic Power (NMP) for uphill and downhill slopes, respectively, compared to level-ground walking. Additionally, we hypothesized that mass redirection would incur a greater and lower percentage of NMP for uphill and downhill slopes, respectively compared to level-ground walking. 10 subjects walked at 1.25 m/s on 0°, ±3°, and ±6° slopes with reduced/added weight and added mass while we measured metabolic rates. We calculated NMP per Newton of reduced BW at each slope and found that BW support required 58% and 64% of the NMP to walk at +3° and +6°, respectively, both greater than the 15% required for level-ground walking (p 0.05). Our findings elucidate that the percentage of NMP attributed to BW support and mass redirection is different for sloped compared to level-ground walking. These results inform biomimetic assistive device designs aimed at reducing metabolic cost.
Von Star City Sports bis #GBR: Reflektion von Qualität und Leistung der Lokalen Sportberichterstattung im Mittleren Westen Amerikas

ZusammenfassungGute lokale Sportberichterstattung spiegelt die Gemeinschaft wider, der sie dient und entwickelt somit die Gesellschaft. Der Essay diskutiert Sportberichterstattung im Allgemeinen und lokale Sportberichterstattung am Beispiel des Hochschulsports in Nebraska, im Mittleren Westen der USA, im Speziellen. Gerade in diesem Bereich ist es besonders wichtig, dass guter, solider Sportjournalismus praktiziert wird. Die Reflektion von Qualitat und Leistung der lokalen Sportberichterstattung der University of Nebraska-Lincoln wird anhand folgender Themen analysiert: Kontext, kritische Medienarbeit, Vielfaltigkeit, Reprasentation in der Redak-tion und die Rolle von Eigenmedien und Branding. Beschrieben werden auserdem das amerikanische Col-legesportsystem und ein neuer, innovativer Studiengang „Sports Media and Communication“ an der Uni-versitat von Nebraska-Lincoln. AbstractGood local sports journalism reflects the community it serves and thereby develops society. This essay discusses local sports journalism in the context of collegiate athletics in Nebraska in the Midwest. It is particularly important to produce good, solid journalism in the context of sport. This reflection of local sports journalism of the University of Nebraska-Lincoln uses the following themes for analysis: context, critical media work, diversity, representation in the newsroom, and the role of owned media and branding. The essay also describes the American collegiate athletic system and a new, innovative undergraduate major in „Sports Media and Communication“ at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln.
Beyond Moralism: A Critique and a Proposal for Catholic Institutional Religious Freedom

In order to propose a more positive, appealing, and theologically accurate account of Catholic institutions’ case for religious freedom in the context of current sexual expression laws, this article will proceed as follows: Part I will discuss the sexual expression laws commonly triggering free exercise defenses by Catholic institutions, the defenses themselves, and the negative reactions they provoke. Part II will treat Catholic theology about the necessity of mutual witness within a community for sustaining and transmitting the Catholic faith. Part III will discuss the relationship between Catholic teachings on sex, marriage and parenting, and forming and transmitting Catholic faith. It will note that these teachings are only one part of Catholic community life and identity, but that they require special attention today in light of the frequency with which the state is intruding into Catholic communities on the basis of claimed sexual expression rights. Part IV will suggest how each type of free exercise defense commonly used by Catholic institutions in sexual expression lawsuits, might be strengthened if framed according to my proposal. These defenses would better conform to Catholic theology, allow for positive expression, appeal to common sense, and more fully satisfy both the spirit and the letter of the law of free exercise. A brief conclusion will reassert the necessity for Catholic institutions’ authority over employment and operations, and address a few collateral questions concerning implications for state funding, and fears about too broad a scope of institutional freedom.
[Evaluation of integrated strategy in prevention and control of intestinal nematodiasis in Hongze County, Jiangsu Province].

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of the integrated strategy in prevention and control of intestinal nematodiasis in Hongze County, so as to provide the evidence for formulating the control strategies and measures in the future. METHODS Since 1995, the integrated strategy has been carried out for intestinal nematodiasis, and the measures included deworming, health education, safe water, sanitation and environmental remediation. The effects of the integrated strategy were evaluated by the investigations of the prevalence of soil-transmitted nematodiasis, awareness of health knowledge and behaviors of residents. RESULTS From 1995 to 2014, 601 900 person-times were administrated with deworming medication and the coverage rate of villages and towns was 100%. The benefit rate of safe water was 100%. The popularity rate of harmless toilets was 92.77%. The prevalence of intestinal nematodiasis decreased from 26.04% in 1995 to 0.56% in 2014, and the difference had statistical significance (χ2 = 693.54, P < 0.01). The awareness rate of health knowledge and correct rate of health behaviors increased from 43.13% and 40.94% in 1995 to 98.00% and 96.80% in 2012, respectively (χ2 ＝ 181.97 and 182.14 respectively, P＜0.01). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of intestinal nematodiasis has been controlled effectively through the integrated strategy in Hongze County, Jiangsu Province.