cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
GONOCOCCAL INFECTIONS OF CHILDREN IN METROPOLITAN DETROIT

Retrospective analysis of our records over the past 7 years revealed the isolation of N. gonorrhoeae on 224 occasions from 222 children. All subjects were inner city dwellers, and all but two were black. Little variation in monthly prevelance was noted over the years, however, a sharp increase in the annual prevelance occurred in 1970 with a gradual decline subsequently. Ophthalmia (50 cases) accounted for 22% of all infections, and occurred mainly in newborns (33 cases). Gonococcal ophthalmia was more common in females than in males, and while the affliction occurred in older girls, no males over the age of 3 years had ophthalmia. Urethritis was noted in 46 boys (21%), 81% of whom were older than 6 years of age and 54% were older than 10 years. Vaginitis (124 cases) accounted for 55% of the infections. In contrast to urethritis in boys, 65% of girls with vaginitis were under 6 years of age and only 7% were older than 10 years, N. gonorrhoeae was also recovered from 2 blood cultures, one gastric culture, and a knee aspirate. A history of sexual contact was elicited from 6 boys and from 18 girls. Gonococcal infections were documented in family members of 13 index cases (4 parents, 9 siblings). Of 83 cases with adequate follow-up, 7 failed to respond to appropriate therapy. These data suggest a high incidence of gonorrhea in the Detroit area and warrent a prospective epidemiologic and clinical investigation of the disease.
Double TEDOR for the Direct Detection of Stable-Isotope Triads

Abstract An extension of transferred-echo double-resonance (TEDOR) NMR is presented for the detection of three coupled spin- 1 2 nuclei: I1–S–I2, where I1and I2are a homonuclear pair with an isotropic chemical-shift difference. By performing two coherence transfers (in combination with a DANTE preparation sequence), it is possible to monitor coherence transferred sequentially from I1to S to I2(or the reverse). Initial experiments demonstrating the feasibility of this approach were performed on both mixed and recrystallized13C- and15N-labeled alanines, and the results are found to be in good agreement with predictions based on a density matrix formalism. This technique has also been applied to characterize the covalent cross-linking of the bacterial cell wall of a triple-labeledBacillus subtilisby demonstrating the connectivity of13C–15N–13C triads. These triads occur only in the cross-link bond.
Precipitation of Dialysis Dementia by Deferoxamine Treatment of Aluminum-Related Bone Disease

Five patients with chronic renal failure, complicated by bone aluminum toxicity, were treated with deferoxamine (DFO). This treatment appeared to precipitate dialysis dementia, which was fatal in three patients. In two patients, continuous treatment with lower doses of DFO was possible. The development of dialysis dementia in chronic renal failure patients with very high serum aluminum levels may be a complication of DFO treatment.
Improved Performance of Anti-miRNA Oligonucleotides Using a Novel Non-Nucleotide Modifier.

Anti-microRNA oligonucleotides (AMOs) are steric blocking antisense reagents that inhibit microRNA (miRNA) function by hybridizing and repressing the activity of a mature miRNA. First generation AMOs employed 2′-O-Methyl RNA nucleotides (2′OMe) with phosphorothioate (PS) internucleotide linkages positioned at both ends to block exonuclease attack. Second generation AMOs improved potency through the use of chemical modifications that increase binding affinity to the target, such as locked nucleic acid (LNA) residues. However, this strategy can reduce specificity as high binding affinity compounds can bind to and suppress function of related sequences even if one or more mismatches are present. Further, unnatural modified nucleic acid residues can have toxic side effects. In the present study, a variety of non-nucleotide modifiers were screened for utility in steric blocking antisense applications. A novel compound, N,N-diethyl-4-(4-nitronaphthalen-1-ylazo)-phenylamine (“ZEN”), was discovered that increased binding affinity and blocked exonuclease degradation when placed at or near each end of a single-stranded oligonucleotide. This new modification was combined with the 2′OMe RNA backbone to make ZEN-AMOs. The new ZEN-AMOs have high potency and can effectively inhibit miRNA function in vitro at low nanomolar concentrations, show high specificity, and have low toxicity in cell culture.
Reply to Comments on 'Fortune Favors the Prepared Firm'

Joglekar, Bohl, and Hamburg JBH make two basic sets of criticisms of our paper Cohen and Levinthal [Cohen, W. M., D. A. Levinthal. 1994. Fortune favors the prepared firm. Management Sci.40 227-251.] in their comment. First, they object to two key elements of the model structure: the relevance of the monopoly analysis and the appropriateness of modeling competition via an entry model. Second, JBH express concern over the manner in which we have modeled the updating process. With regard to the basic model structure, we argue that the initial monopoly analysis allows us to capture some important notions regarding the path dependent nature of investment in technical capabilities. Further, the analysis of competition by an entry model does not presume that an established firm takes the initiative which is one of JBH's key objections. The structure merely implies that some firm, possibly a start-up enterprise, moves first. With regard to the concerns over the modeling of updating, we acknowledge that our notation could have been clearer in some instances but that does not negate the correctness of the analysis. Furthermore, JBH's recommendations regarding the updating process have the same qualitative properties as our own specification. Indeed, at no point in their critique do JBH ever indicate how their proposed specification would change the results of our analysis.
On the inconsistency of a weak version of the libertarian principle

Abstract It is shown that even granting weak group rights will sometimes result in a conflict with such a widely acceptable efficiency criterion as the Pareto principle. On the other hand, if we strengthen the decesive power of groups, this may lead to a conflict even with the weak non-imposition condition, provided that a social choice function satisfies a rather mild choice-consistency property.
The EU and Kosovo: Time to Rethink the Enlargement and Integration Policy?

The EU’s approach to the Western Balkans has been plagued with inconsistencies and half-baked measures. The situation in Kosovo demonstrates that the EU needs to rethink its policy arsenal if it is to achieve its goals.
Reducing Sex Differences in Visual Displays of Dominance Knowledge is Power

Previous research has demonstrated, consistent with expectation states theory, that men display greater power visually on masculine and non-gender-linked tasks than women; whereas women exhibit more power visually on feminine tasks than men. Our study investigated more specifically the role that actual knowledge plays in moderating sex differences in visual displays of power on gender-linked tasks. Mixed-sex dyads discussed two masculine, two feminine, and two non-gender-linked tasks. For one set of masculine, feminine, and non-gender-linked tasks, both dyad members received training related to the tasks; for the other set of tasks, subjects received no special training. The results for the tasks on which subjects did not receive training generally replicated the earlier findings. When sex differences in task familiarity were substantially reduced by training, however, sex differences in visual displays of power were eliminated. These findings demonstrate the importance of actual knowledge as a moderator ...
Malignant hyperthermia: An update on related disorders

group of disorders is commonly confused with or related to (whether correctly or incor -~ rectly) Malignant Hyperthermia (MH). The purpose of this article is to alert the anesthesiologist to these diverse conditions, make some sense of the controversy, and develop specific recommendations that will help the anesthesia consultant provide appropriate care for his/her patient. Such knowledge should allow the anesthesiologist to identify those patients with conditions that increase their risk of Malignant Hyperthermia reactions. Correct identification of conditions unrelated to MH is also critical in avoiding needless anxiety in patients, relatives, and their medical care-givers. More importantly, such identification prevents unnecessary evaluation and/or modification of anesthetic management. This palber will focus on four different areas that have been associated with MH:
Interaction of dietary fat and acid detergent fiber diets of lactating dairy cows

Twenty multiparous and 4 primiparous cows averaging 32 DIM were used in an experiment with a 2 x 2 factorial design for 12 wk to determine whether the response to supplemental choice white grease in the diet was augmented with higher fiber. Treatments were 1) 21% ADF with no added fat; 2) 21% ADF plus 6% added fat; 3) 28% ADF with no added fat; and 4) 28% ADF plus 6% added fat. Addition of fat decreased milk fat percentage and tended to decrease milk protein percentage. An interaction of fat by fiber by week for milk fat percentage suggested that ruminal fermentation was disrupted as the trial progressed when fat was included in the lower fiber diet. This disruption did not occur with the higher fiber diets. Yields of milk and FCM were not affected by treatment. There was no fat by fiber interaction for milk yield, which suggested that the yield response to fat was unaffected by fiber concentration. There were no treatment interactions for results of ruminal fermentation. Fiber increased ruminal acetate and the ratio of acetate to propionate but lowered molar percentages of propionate. Supplemental fat decreased acetate and increased propionate. The ratio of acetate to propionate was significantly decreased when fat was fed.
Tutor Attributions and Attitude As a Function of Tutee Performance1

In a single-session tutoring situation, a sixth-grade tutor taught a concept-formation task to a third-grade tutee. Over the series of trials, performance of the tutee was controlled to create differential patterns of success and failure on the task: success-success, failure-failure, success-failure, and failure-success. Results showed that sequence of performance exerted a strong impact on the tutor's attributions of ability and affective responses concerning the tutee. The tutee's initial performance had greater impact on the tutor's reactions than later performance, indicating a strong primacy effect. Differential performance by the tutee did not affect the tutor's evaluation of his own teaching ability.
Raman gap solitons

Summary form only given. The phenomena predicted to occur in nonlinear periodic structures include optical bistability, self-pulsation, pulse compression, Bragg soliton propagation, and the formation of gap solitons. Most of these phenomena have been observed recently in fiber Bragg gratings. One notable exception is the stationary gap soliton which has not been observed. The problem is that a periodic structure is highly reflective at frequencies within the band gap. Thus it is extremely difficult to couple enough light into the structure to shift the band gap and create gap solitons. In fact the grating transmissivity is proportional to the velocity of the gap soliton which implies that an attempt to launch a zero-velocity gap soliton in the middle of the stop band would result in the reflection of the entire input pulse. We show that it is possible to launch gap solitons by exciting a grating with an intense pulse so far detuned from the Bragg frequency that it does not interact with the grating. Because of this detuning the pump pulse is not reflected, making it possible to couple most of its energy into the medium.
MACROS: Multiobjective Automated Construction Resource Optimization System

This paper presents the development of a practical and automated system for optimizing the utilization of construction resources to simultaneously minimize project cost and duration while maximizing project quality. The system is named the Multiobjective Automated Construction Resource Optimization System (MACROS), and it incorporates four newly developed modules: (1) a multiobjective optimization module to quantify and optimize the impact of resource utilization decisions on construction duration, cost, and quality; (2) a relational database module to facilitate the storage and retrieval of construction scheduling and optimization data; (3) a middleware module to provide seamless integration between the internal modules in MACROS and external commercially available project management software; and (4) a user interface module to facilitate the input of project data and the visualization and ranking of the generated optimal construction plans. An example project of 180 activities is analyzed to illustrate ...
Got milk? A pheromonal message for newborn rabbits

A substance in rabbit milk, 2-methylbut-2-enal (2MB2), has been identified as a pheromone that triggers stereotypical searching behavior from rabbit pups. Pups respond to the odor of 2MB2 solutions in concentration-dependent manner, but fail to respond to 20 other volatile components in rabbit milk and 20 additional odorants. The effectiveness of 2MB2 generalizes across strains and breeds of rabbits, but is ineffective in closely related species. Finally, pup responsiveness to 2MB2 is innate and does not require learning. This study, for the first time, identifies a mammary pheromone that provides sufficient sensory cue for nipple attachment by newborns. In addition to contributing to our understanding of pheromonal communication, it provides an advantageous model system for neurobiologists.
Outcomes of a home cycling program using functional electrical stimulation or passive motion for children with spinal cord injury: a case series.

Background/Objective: Children with spinal cord injury (SCI) are at risk for musculoskeletal and cardiovascular complications. Stationary cycling using functional electrical stimulation (FES) or pa...
Clinical overview of the novel inotropic agent toborinone

Toborinone (OPC-18790, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, 2(1H) -quinolone,6-[3-[ [3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl] amino]-2-hydroxy prop oxyl]-,(.+-.)-) is a novel iv. inotropic agent. Positive inotropic effects are produced by PDE inhibition with the resulting increase in cAMP and intracellular calcium levels. Unlike other inotropic agents that increase cAMP, there is an absence of positive chronotropic effects, which are attributed to prolongation of the action potential due to blockade of delayed rectifier currents. There is also marked venous and arterial vasodilating properties. The absence of heart rate increases results in decreased myocardial oxygen consumption compared with conventional inotropes. Studies in human heart failure patients have been consistent with previous work in animal studies, confirming the effects of toborinone as being positive inotropy (relatively weak), marked arterial and venous vasodilatation and absence of increase in myocardial oxygen consumption. Data regarding safety in larger clinical trials, particularly regarding arrhythmias, is at present unavailable. This information will determine whether this agent becomes an accepted iv. therapeutic option for congestive heart failure.
COLOR: REFLECTIONS AND TRANSMISSIONS12

Color or visual appearance is a sensory attribute and instrumental evaluations of visual appearance must be related to the sensory evaluations. Appropriate sensory analysis should be analytical or objective rather than affective or subjective. Instrumental measurements should be assessed regarding: (1) the physical and chemical characteristics of the food, (2) the appropriateness of the sample presentation, (3) the relative variation of the measurements themselves, and (4) correlations of single values and reduced functions to the sensory assessment.
Role of Imaginative Play in Cognitive Development

The role of imaginative play in the attainment of conservation and perspectivism was examined with a training study paradigm. 36 non-conserving kindergarten children were assigned to 1 of 3 conditi...
Middleware support for super distributed autonomic services in pervasive networks

This paper describes our empirical research effort to design, implement and deploy a middleware platform that addresses several key issues in pervasive computing. We designed an architecture, called the bio-networking architecture, which models a pervasive network application as a collection of autonomic agents designed after several biological concepts and mechanisms. The biologically-inspired agents inherently address the key issues in pervasive computing, and our middleware platform aids developing and executing the agents on networks. We identify a set of requirements to the middleware platform through analyzing the features of our agents, and describe the design and implementation of the platform, showing how the platform satisfies the identified requirements. We also present some measurement results to illustrate scalability and efficiency of the platform.
Segmentally Variable Genes:A New Perspective on Adaptation

Genomic sequence variation is the hallmark of life and is key to understanding diversity and adaptation among the numerous microorganisms on earth. Analysis of the sequenced microbial genomes suggests that genes are evolving at many different rates. We have attempted to derive a new classification of genes into three broad categories: lineage-specific genes that evolve rapidly and appear unique to individual species or strains; highly conserved genes that frequently perform housekeeping functions; and partially variable genes that contain highly variable regions, at least 70 amino acids long, interspersed among well-conserved regions. The latter we term segmentally variable genes (SVGs), and we suggest that they are especially interesting targets for biochemical studies. Among these genes are ones necessary to deal with the environment, including genes involved in host–pathogen interactions, defense mechanisms, and intracellular responses to internal and environmental changes. For the most part, the detailed function of these variable regions remains unknown. We propose that they are likely to perform important binding functions responsible for protein–protein, protein–nucleic acid, or protein–small molecule interactions. Discerning their function and identifying their binding partners may offer biologists new insights into the basic mechanisms of adaptation, context-dependent evolution, and the interaction between microbes and their environment.
An emblem of modern music: temporal symmetry in the prologue of L’Orfeo (1607)

This article examines the temporal structure of L'Orfeo's prologue. An analysis of the distribution of semibreves per line of text reveals a palindrome, which reinforces long-held perceptions of symmetry in the opera. Adopting the form of strophic variations, Monteverdi carefully shapes musical time for expressive and structural purposes. He is thus able both to enact and to check music's affective power within the context of seconda prattica. More than a conventional prologue, La Musica's exordium stands as an emblem of both L'Orfeo and the anxiety surrounding the nascent dramma per musica. © The Author 2011. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.
Deciphering the transcriptional network of the dendritic cell lineage

Although much progress has been made in the understanding of the ontogeny and function of dendritic cells (DCs), the transcriptional regulation of the lineage commitment and functional specialization of DCs in vivo remains poorly understood. We made a comprehensive comparative analysis of CD8 + , CD103 + , CD11b + and plasmacytoid DC subsets, as well as macrophage DC precursors and common DC precursors, across the entire immune system. Here we characterized candidate transcriptional activators involved in the commitment of myeloid progenitor cells to the DC lineage and predicted regulators of DC functional diversity in tissues. We identified a molecular signature that distinguished tissue DCs from macrophages. We also identified a transcriptional program expressed specifically during the steady-state migration of tissue DCs to the draining lymph nodes that may control tolerance to self tissue antigens.
Pathogenesis of Experimental Bovine Mycotic Placentitis Produced by Aspergillus fumigatus

Eleven heifers were inoculated intravenously with a suspension of 1 x lo8 conidia of Aspergillus fumigatus at 169 or 170 days after artificial insemination. These principals were killed at 4, 7, or 14 days after inoculation or thereafter when abortion occurred. Four other heifers served as controls. Mycotic placentitis was not found at 4 days after inoculation. In principals killed at 7 and 14 days, 24% of placentomes had lesions of mycotic placentitis. Heifers that aborted had necrotizing lesions in approximately 90% of placentomes as well as extensive involvement of the interplacentomal area. A theory for the spread of the mycosis in the placenta is presented. Bovine mycotic placentitis was first reported in 1920 by SMITH (18), and since then there have been many reports of the condition from most parts of the world. Comprehensive reviews have been published by AINSWORTH and AUSTWICK (l), HILLMAN (lo), BRIDGES (5), CORDES and SHORTRIDGE (6), and HILL (9). The disease has become more important recently because of the use of better diagnostic procedures and because of the control of other causes of abortion. In recent surveys of bovine abortion, fungi have been implicated as the causal agents in 1.75 to 19.4% of cases (4, 11, 13, 16, 191, and in three of these surveys mycotic abortion was the largest single cause of diagnosed abortions (ll, 13, 161. At least 26 fungi have been implicated in field cases of bovine mycotic placentitis (9). Infection with Aspergillus fumigatus has caused approximately 75% of the cases, and most of the remaining 25 % have been caused by species of fungi in the class Phycomycetes and by species in the genus Candida. Mycotic placentitis has been produced in only a limited number of cattle, and in most of these the pathological features of the disease were studied only at the time of abortion (3, 8, 12, 201. CYSEWSKI and PIER (7) inoculated each
Funding crisis in the marine minerals industry

Both business and government recognize the high costs and benefits associated with the development of an ocean mining industry. The large amount of capital required for development has led to the formation of consortia to carry out exploration, mining, and processing research. This paper examines the nature of the deep seabed mining industry and some of the reasons why its development has been dramatically slowed over the past three to four years.
Interstitial diffusion along twist grain boundaries in Cu

Interstitial diffusion along twist grain boundaries was studied using the Embedded Atom Method (EAM). Six (100) twist grain boundaries (8.79°–43.6°) in copper were investigated. Interstitial formation energies were found to be much lower (0.26-0.78 eV) than in the bulk, and migration energies were found to be comparable (0.01 eV-0.24 eV) to the bulk values (0.09 eV). The vacancy mechanism is favored for low angle boundaries, and the interstitial mechanism is favored for high angle boundaries. The trends in formation energy versus twist angle were partly explained in terms of the volume expansion of the grain boundary. The total diffusion rate due to both mechanisms was calculated, and agreed reasonably well with experimental data for Cu in polycrystalline Cu. The calculated diffusion rate for specific twist boundaries also agreed well with experimental measurements for Zn/Al.
Excision of cutaneous tumors in the horse using histologic guidance.

A highly successful surgical technique for removing cutaneous tumors in humans was used in seven horses with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (n = 3) or sarcoid (n = 4). In humans, the complete underside of the tumor is evaluated histologically by processing horizontal sections from the tumor base, and orientation between the wound surface and the undersurface of the excised tumor is maintained by mapping both surfaces. The technique ensures that small foci of residual tumor can be located accurately and removed. Based on our experience, three modifications of the human technique are suggested for its use in horses. The equine patient should be placed under general anesthesia rather than using local anesthesia if the tumor is in a difficult position for standing surgery or the patient is uncooperative; useful information can be obtained from tissue processed in buffered formalin if frozen sections are not available; and optimal tumor size for this procedure is no larger than 3 × 2 cm.
Impacts of Implementing Transportation Control Measures on Travel Activity and Emissions

Transportation is one of the fastest-growing sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the United States and is responsible for a large share of criteria pollutants as well. This paper describes the methodology and results from a project to analyze the potential national-scale effectiveness of transportation control measures in reducing GHG and other pollutant emissions through changes in travel activity. As part of the analysis, a peer-reviewed methodology was developed, and data were obtained from the regional travel demand models of 15 metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs). The regions covered a variety of city sizes, transportation profiles, and geographical regions of the country. The travel activity and emissions impacts of multiple strategies at the regional and national levels were estimated to 2050 with the data obtained from the MPOs. The strategies selected for analysis were travel demand management, land use policies, transit-related strategies, parking-cost changes, and road pricing i...
Subjective Response to Alcohol as a Research Domain Criterion

Individual differences in the subjective experience of the pharmacological effects of alcohol have long been implicated in the likelihood that one will drink heavily and develop alcoholism. The theme of this conceptual review and perspective article is to synthesize the literature on subjective responses to alcohol and to set an agenda for the next generation of research in the area. Specifically, we contend that in order for subjective response to alcohol to play a prominent role in alcoholism research, it is critical that it be studied as a multimodal phenotype.First, we review the human research on subjective response to alcohol measured under controlled laboratory conditions and draw recommendations for the application of these findings to understanding alcoholism neurobiology in humans. Second, we highlight multimodal approaches, including studies of the genetic and neural substrates of individual differences in subjective response to alcohol. Third, we review treatment implications with a focus on subjective response to alcohol as an intervention target. Upon review of the research on subjective response to alcohol across levels of analyses, we provide recommendations for leveraging these phenotypes in a systematic and methodologically rigorous fashion that can address central questions about alcoholism etiology, disease progression, and personalized treatment.The approach recommended herein is largely consistent with the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative across the National Institute of Mental Health. The defining feature of such domains is that they inform behavior yet be amenable to examination through multiple units of analysis, such as molecular, genetic, circuit-level, and behavioral measurements. To that end, we contend that subjective response to alcohol represents a behaviorally and biologically plausible phenotype upon which to build using the RDoC framework for understanding alcohol use disorder.
Mixed Anion Exchange Resins for Tunable Control of Sulfate–Chloride Selectivity for Sustainable Membrane Pretreatment

The recovery of water during inland desalination processes using reverse osmosis, or RO, is often limited by the solubility of calcium sulfate, or CaSO4. Reducing or eliminating the presence of sulfate from the feedwater will allow the process to be operated at higher recoveries and produce less waste brine. Ion exchange may be used as a pretreatment method for the control and removal of sulfate using a hybrid ion exchange-reverse osmosis (HIX-RO) process. However, for viable application, it is imperative that the process is self-regenerating; that is, the use of external regenerants has to be avoided altogether. Various properties of the ion-exchange resin control the overall selectivity toward sulfate including the resin matrix and basicity of the functional group. Finer control over selectivity is also possible through mixing of characteristically different ion exchange resins. This study focused on how mixing anion exchange resins with different matrix and functional groups may optimize sulfate/chlori...
Low-energy electron scattering from BCl 3

Despite the importance of BCl{sub 3} in plasmas used for commercial etching processes, no calculations or measurements of elastic low-energy electron scattering from BCl{sub 3} have previously appeared in the literature. We therefore present calculations based on the complex Kohn method for elastic electron-BCl{sub 3} scattering at incident electron energies below 8 eV. We find a near-zero-energy virtual state and a sharp temporary negative-ion resonance at 0.25 eV, which likely contributes to the large electron attachment cross sections observed in swarm studies. {copyright} {ital 1998} {ital The American Physical Society}
Draft Genome Sequences of Two Closely Related Aflatoxigenic Aspergillus Species Obtained from the Ivory Coast

Aspergillus ochraceoroseus and Aspergillus rambellii were isolated from soil detritus in Tai National Park, Ivory Coast, Africa. The Type strain for each species happens to be the only representative ever sampled. Both species secrete copious amounts of aflatoxin B1 and sterigmatocystin, because each of their genomes contains clustered genes for biosynthesis of these mycotoxins. We sequenced their genomes using a personal genome machine and found them to be smaller in size (A. ochraceoroseus = 23.9 Mb and A. rambellii = 26.1 Mb), as well as in numbers of predicted genes (7,837 and 7,807, respectively), compared to other sequenced Aspergilli. Our findings also showed that the A. ochraceoroseus Type strain contains a single MAT1-1 gene, while the Type strain of A. rambellii contains a single MAT1-2 gene, indicating that these species are heterothallic (self-infertile). These draft genomes will be useful for understanding the genes and pathways necessary for the cosynthesis of these two toxic secondary metabolites as well as the evolution of these pathways in aflatoxigenic fungi.
The Copper-Mining Industry in the United States, 1845–1925 II. Industrial Organization

I. The Lake; Calumet and Hecla. — Early Organization, 684. — Mergers, 687. — Calumet and Hecla, 688. — II. Butte; Anaconda. — Early mills and smelters, 689. — Consolidation of operations, 692. — The Anaconda, 693. — III. Arizona; Phelps Dodge; Porphyries. Special characteristics, 698. — Phelps Dodge and Bisbee, 699. — Globe, Clifton-Morenci, and Jerome, 703. — IV. American Smelting and Refining Company. — Influence of the Guggenheims, 707. — Tie-up with the Porphyries, 709. — Braden, Kennecott, and Chile, 709. — Present Importance of the Company, 712. — V. Conclusion, 712.
Application of Bounded Linear Stability Analysis Method for Metrics-Driven Adaptive Control

This paper presents the application of Bounded Linear Stability Analysis (BLSA) method for metrics-driven adaptive control. The bounded linear stability analysis method is used for analyzing stability of adaptive control models, without linearizing the adaptive laws. Metrics-driven adaptive control introduces a notion that adaptation should be driven by some stability metrics to achieve robustness. By the application of bounded linear stability analysis method the adaptive gain is adjusted during the adaptation in order to meet certain phase margin requirements. Analysis of metrics-driven adaptive control is evaluated for a second order system that represents a pitch attitude control of a generic transport aircraft. The analysis shows that the system with the metrics-conforming variable adaptive gain becomes more robust to unmodeled dynamics or time delay. The effect of analysis time-window for BLSA is also evaluated in order to meet the stability margin criteria.
Podocarpium podocarpum comb. nov., the correct name for Podogonium knorrii Heer, nom. illeg. (fossil, Fabaceae)

The generic name Podogonium Heer has been used since 1857 for fossil legume fruits, seeds, and leaves from the Neogene of Europe. Podogonium is the most common legume genus in the Neogene of central and southern Europe, and has been reported from many fossil localities in Czechoslovakia (Buzek, 1971), Hungary (Kovats, 1856; Hably, 1992), Germany, and Switzerland (Hantke, 1954; Kirchheimer, 1957; Ruffle, 1963; Gregor & Hantke, 1980), as well as China (Guo & Zhou, 1992). The taxonomy and systematic relationships of these fossils have been treated in detail in Herendeen (1992). The literature pertaining to these fossils contains numerous nomenclatural errors. In this paper I briefly summarize the history of these fossils and then address the relevant nomenclatural problems. The paper concludes with an argument against conservation of the well known generic name Podogonium, and the neotypification of Gleditsia podocarpa A. Braun, which is the basionym for the new combination Podocarpium podocarpum (A. Braun) Herendeen. The fossil fruits which today are nearly universally known as Podogonium knorrii Heer, were known in the literature for 104 years before Heer (1857) published the generic name Podogonium. They were first illustrated by Knorr (1755), and were described under a variety of generic names during the period between 1825 and 1857: Cabomba Aublet (Koenig, 1825), Gleditsia L. (Buckland, 1836; Braun, 1845), Dalbergia L. (Unger, 1851), Copaifera L. (Kovats, 1856), Podocarpium Braun ex Stizenberger (Stizenberger, 1851), and Podogonium (Heer, 1857). After Heer's publication, the generic name Podogonium has consistently been used for these fossils, with the exception of Gregor & Hantke (1980) who assigned Podogonium to the extant genus Gleditsia. Note that although "Heer 1859" is usually cited as the validating publication and date for Podogonium, Flora Tertiaria Helvetiae, vol. 3, part 6, was issued in 1857. Previously published taxonomic treatments of Podogonium have varied considerably (e.g., Heer, 1857; Hantke, 1954; Kirchheimer, 1957; Ruffle, 1963; Buzek, 1971; Gregor & Hantke, 1980). I have followed those who have recognized P knorrii as the sole species of Podogonium. This decision was reached after evaluation of variation among the fossil leaflets and fruits. Heer (1857) distinguished five of his six
Suppression of populations of Drosophila melanogaster in tomato field plots with chemosterilant baits.

In 1963, gallon jars containing fermented bait, sprayed on the inside and outside glass surfaces with a 2% (w/v) aqueous solution of apholate and distributed at the rate of 16 jars per acre, gave a maximum of 63% suppression of Drosophila melanogaster Meigen in ¼-acre field plots of tomatoes at Beltsville, Maryland. Hampers of tomatoes sprayed with a 2% (w/v) aqueous solution of apholate and distributed at the same intervals were less effective. Diazinon granules applied at a rate of 1 lb of actual ingredient per acre gave a maximum of 93% control. Seven weekly applications were made of all treatments. In 1964, interplot movement of Drosophila flies was apparently too great in small tomato plots spaced 50 ft apart for chemosterilant treatments to produce statistically significant differences in suppression of this insect. However, the eggs laid by females collected from the plots produced 50% fewer adult progeny than did those laid by females collected from untreated tomatoes growing 1½ miles away. Maximum sterilities of females collected in 1963 and 1964 from chemosterilant-treated plots were 94 and 81%, respectively.
The effect of thermal environment, planting date and crown size on growth, development and yield of Fragaria × ananassa Duch. cv. Elsanta

SummaryThe effects of environmental conditions, planting date and crown size on the timing, intensity and duration of cropping in the strawberry Fragaria × ananassa cv. Elsanta were investigated. Temperature was positively correlated with the rate of progress to fruiting whereas crown size had no effect. The first fruit reached harvest maturity after an estimated 891 day-degrees had elapsed above a base temperature of 2.9°C for waiting bed plants and 831 day-degrees above a base temperature of 2.4°C for cold stored plants. Temperature was negatively correlated with total yield, berry number and average berry weight for both waiting bed and cold stored plants of different crown sizes. Yield, berry number and average berry weight were positively correlated with crown size. The effect of temperature on the yield components appeared to be due to its effect on vegetative growth of the plants: canopy development was more limited at warmer temperatures. These results can be used to generate models to predict the...
Nightly Activities of Mormoopid Bats

A study was made of the nightly activities of four species of mormoopid bats ( Pteronotus parnellii, P. personatus, P. davyi , and Mormoops megalophylla ) that inhabited a cavern system in the Sierra Madre Occidental in Sinaloa, Mexico. The bats were observed, were mist-netted along heavily traveled flyways, and recaptures of previously marked individuals were recorded. Activity of bats began shortly after sunset and there was considerable light-testing prior to emergence. Some bats began returning to the roost as early as 1.5 hours after the exodus flight began, but most bats appeared to remain away from the roost for from 5 to 7 hours. The congestion just before dawn when masses of returning bats attempted to re-enter the roost suggested that size of the colony may have been limited by size of the roost entrance. Regarding evening dispersal flights: flyways to foraging grounds were long (to at least 3.5 kilometers but almost certainly several times this length for some individuals); bats sometimes used shortcuts along dispersal routes, but normally followed topographic features; in some cases there appeared to be distinct spatial separation between the flyways of different species; individuals showed some fidelity to particular flyways; and natural environmental stimuli may have caused abandonment of regularly used flyways. We estimated that the 400,000 to 800,000 bats comprising the large colony consumed from 1902 to 3805 kilograms of insects each night. Thus, these bats are of considerable significance in the energy flow of tropical ecosystems.
Positron Annihilation Study of the Precipitation of a Continuous Cast AA2037 Al Alloy at High Temperature Annealing

Hot bands of a continuous cast aluminum alloy(AA2037) with and without 70% cold rolling deformation were annealed at high temperatures(470 ℃).The recrystallization microstructure and precipitation in the samples after annealing were investigated by positron lifetime and coincidence Doppler broadening techniques.The experimental results showed that positron mean lifetime decreased with increasing annealing time due to the formation of the precipitations(T phase) and recovery of defects induced by hot-rolling and/or 70% cold-rolling.Furthermore,coincidence Doppler broadening(CDB) ratio curve observed that characteristic shape peak of Mn and Cu increased with annealing time,i.e.the content of the T phase,which identified that there exist Mn and Cu elements in T phase.
Comparison of Hydrodynamic Formulations for Non-Parabolic Semiconductor Device Simulations

This paper presents two non-parabolic hydrodynamic model formulations suitable for the simulation of inhomogeneous semiconductor devices. The first formulation uses the Kane dispersion relationship, (ℏk)2/2m = W(1 + αW). The second formulation makes use of a power law, (ℏk)2/2m = xWy, for the dispersion relation. Hydrodynamic models which use the first formulation rely on the binomial expansion to obtain closed form coefficients. The power law formulation produces closed form coefficients similar to those under the parabolic band approximation.
Altered Function of the DnaJ Family Cochaperone DNJ-17 Modulates Locomotor Circuit Activity in a Caenorhabditis elegans Seizure Model

The highly conserved cochaperone DnaJ/Hsp40 family proteins are known to interact with molecular chaperone Hsp70, and can regulate many cellular processes including protein folding, translocation, and degradation. In studies of Caenorhabditis elegans locomotion mutants, we identified a gain-of-function (gf) mutation in dnj-17 closely linked to the widely used e156 null allele of C. elegans GAD (glutamic acid decarboxylase) unc-25 dnj-17 encodes a DnaJ protein orthologous to human DNAJA5. In C. elegans DNJ-17 is a cytosolic protein and is broadly expressed in many tissues. dnj-17(gf) causes a single amino acid substitution in a conserved domain, and behaves as a hypermorphic mutation. The effect of this dnj-17(gf) is most prominent in mutants lacking GABA synaptic transmission. In a seizure model caused by a mutation in the ionotropic acetylcholine receptor acr-2(gf), dnj-17(gf) exacerbates the convulsion phenotype in conjunction with absence of GABA. Null mutants of dnj-17 show mild resistance to aldicarb, while dnj-17(gf) is hypersensitive. These results highlight the importance of DnaJ proteins in regulation of C. elegans locomotor circuit, and provide insights into the in vivo roles of DnaJ proteins in humans.
Myostatin Inhibitors Affect MyoD and Myogenin Expression

Myostatin (growth differentiation factor 8, GDF8) inhibits myogenesis and is a potential therapeutic target for muscular dystrophy and other myopathies. Animals with mutations in myostatin genes ha...
Representative bureaucracy and its symbolic effect on citizens: a conceptual replication

ABSTRACTRepresentative bureaucracy has been a topic of research for over half a century, but only recently studied experimentally. Initial empirical findings from two prior experiments – one involving policing, the other recycling – showed gender representation effects on citizens’ trust and cooperation. In this conceptual replication, we examine gender representation effects in another policy domain: emergency preparedness. However, despite using a similar sample and experimental paradigm, we find no effects. These null findings are important, as they suggest that the symbolic effects of gender representation may be policy-specific – and that replication is needed to test the boundary conditions of previously reported results.
Mitotic arrest-induced phosphorylation of Mcl-1 revisited using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and phosphoproteomics: nine phosphorylation sites identified.

// Rong Chu 1, * , Sarah E. Alford 1, * , Katherine Hart 1 , Anisha Kothari 1 , Samuel G. Mackintosh 1 , Matthew R. Kovak 1 , Timothy C. Chambers 1 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA * These authors have contributed equally to the work Correspondence to: Timothy Chambers, email: chamberstimothyc@uams.edu Keywords: Mcl-1, phosphorylation sites, mitotic arrest Abbreviations: MTA, microtubule targeting agent; Cdk, cyclin-dependent kinase; 2D-PAGE, two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; MS, mass spectrometry Received: April 04, 2016 Accepted: September 26, 2016 Published: October 12, 2016 ABSTRACT Microtubule targeting agents (MTAs) characteristically promote phosphorylation and degradation of Mcl-1, and this represents a critical pro-apoptotic signal in mitotic death. While several phosphorylation sites and kinases have been implicated in mitotic arrest-induced Mcl-1 phosphorylation, a comprehensive biochemical analysis has been lacking. Contrary to previous reports suggesting that T92 phosphorylation by Cdk1 regulates Mcl-1 degradation, a T92A Mcl-1 mutant expressed in HeLa cells was phosphorylated and degraded with the same kinetics as wild-type Mcl-1 following vinblastine treatment. Similarly, when Mcl-1 with alanine replacements of all five putative Cdk sites (S64, T92, S121, S159, T163) was expressed, it was also phosphorylated and degraded in response to vinblastine. To analyze Mcl-1 phosphorylation in more detail, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) was performed. While untreated cells expressed mainly unphosphorylated Mcl-1 with two minor phosphorylated species, Mcl-1 from vinblastine treated cells migrated during 2D-PAGE as a train of acidic spots representing nine or more phosphorylated species. Immunopurification and mass spectrometry of phosphorylated Mcl-1 derived from mitotically arrested HeLa cells revealed nine distinct sites, including several previously unreported. Mcl-1 bearing substitutions of all nine sites had a longer half-life than wild-type Mcl-1 under basal conditions, but still underwent phosphorylation and degradation in response to vinblastine treatment, and, like wild-type Mcl-1, was unable to protect cells from MTA treatment. These results reveal an unexpected complexity in Mcl-1 phosphorylation in response to MTAs and indicate that previous work has severely underestimated the number of sites, and thus encourage major revisions to the current model.
Discussion Group Composition and Deliberation Experience

In order to encouragee broad participation in deliberative forums, it is important to understand how people from politically less powerful groups perceive the deliberative experience and how discussion group composition affects their experiences. Using data from 27 deliberative polls from 2004, we examine how four individual characteristics (sex, age, race, and education) and randomly assigned small group composition predict participants’ attitudes about the deliberative experience. We find evidence that women, young people, non-whites, and those without college degree generally evaluate the experience positively, but find no evidence for the argument that including more people from these groups would lead to more positive deliberation experience for participants from the groups. That is, there is no interaction between minority status and group composition in predicting participants’ evaluation of the deliberation process.
The golden age of computational psychiatry is within sight

Clinically useful tools to identify the aberrant neural circuitry in individuals with psychiatric illness are lacking, as are treatments that do more than just address symptoms. Neuroplasticity-based treatments and computational neuroscience may hold some of the keys to unlocking the golden age of psychiatry.