cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reducing Residential and Commercial Energy Consumption in the US: The Role of Water Heaters

Residential and commercial water heating in the United States consumed nearly 3,700 trillion British Thermal Units (BTUs) of primary energy in 2010. Nearly half of this primary energy was lost as waste heat at the point of power generation to provide electricity for electric water heaters. In the residential sector alone, water heating accounted for 17% of total 2010 on-site energy, use or about 1,960 trillion BTUs. Of this amount, about 22%, or 440 trillion BTUs, was consumed by residential electric water heaters. However, 1,380 trillion BTUs of primary energy was required to produce this retail electric power at the power station, indicating that electricity generation is much less efficient than directly burning fuels for water heating.This study analyzes 2010 baseline primary energy consumption for water heating in the US by considering energy conversions and end-use efficiencies in the residential and commercial sectors. In order to assess more energy and carbon-efficient means of heating water, we defined four additional scenarios in order to quantify potential energy savings by replacing electric water heaters with more efficient, commercially available technologies. The scenarios ranged in scope and technology deployment, and resulted in energy savings of 10–25% and carbon dioxide emission reductions of 10–20%. Although future deployment of water heating technologies is not likely to replicate any specific scenario, the conclusions drawn from this study are useful in guiding policy incentives and consumer behavior in regards to choosing between water heating technologies.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Involvement of norepinephrine activity in the regulation of α1 adrenergic receptors in the medial preoptic nucleus of estradiol-treated rats

To establish whether the diurnal decrease in the density of ..cap alpha..1 receptors observed in the medial preoptic nucleus (MPN) of estrogen (E/sub 2/)-treated rats is related to the concomitant diurnal increase in norepinephrine (NE) turnover rates, we quantitiated the density of (/sup 3/H)-Prazosin binding to ..cap alpha..1 receptors after blockade of NE turnover with alpha-methyl-paratyrosine (..cap alpha..MPT). A series of preliminary studies was performed to rule out an interference of this drug with (/sup 3/H)-Prazosin binding to ..cap alpha..1 adrenergic receptors in vitro and in vivo. Incubation of brain slices with ..cap alpha..MPT produced a dose-dependent inhibition of (/sup 3/H)-Prazosin binding to ..cap alpha..1 adrenergic receptors with an IC/sub 50/ of approximately 6 mM. Scatchard analysis demonstrated that ..cap alpha..MPT exhibited a simple competitive interaction with (/sup 3/H)-Prazosin binding sites as shown by an increase in the apparent dissociation constant (Kd) of the ligand and no change in the number of ..cap alpha..1 receptors (B/sub max/). In contrast, preincubation of brain slices with ..cap alpha..MPT and prior in vivo administration of ..cap alpha..MPT did not affect (/sup 3/H)-Prazosin binding to ..cap alpha..1 adrenergic receptors. The density of ..cap alpha..1 adrenergic receptors in MPN was quantitated autoradiographically. Blockade of NEmore » turnover with ..cap alpha..MPT only partially prevented the reduction in ..cap alpha..1 receptor density observed in the E/sub 2/-treated rats, suggesting that the decrease in the level of (/sup 3/H)-Prazosin binding sites cannot be completely ascribed to increased NE turnover rates.« less
Television Advertisements as a Window on Culture for Teaching English as a Second Language

Abstract This research examined the viability of using television commercials as supplementary material for teaching English as a second language and how advertising could make lessons culturally relevant, up-to-date and low cost. Connecting language and culture in the classroom can aid non- native speakers in understanding implied and literal meanings. Cultural concepts depicted in a selection from 2,000 television advertisements were measured. Then, relative merits of using TV commercials as teaching tools were evaluated on eight different language populations. Television advertisements were cited as an aid to English language education in speakers of Spanish, Serbian, Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Tagalog, Cebuano, and Chuukese.
Syndecan-1 shedding facilitates the resolution of neutrophilic inflammation by removing sequestered CXC chemokines.

Heparan sulfate binds to and regulates many inflammatory mediators in vitro, suggesting that it serves an important role in directing the progression and outcome of inflammatory responses in vivo. Here, we evaluated the role of syndecan-1, a major heparan sulfate proteoglycan, in modulating multiorgan host injury responses in murine endotoxemia. The extent of systemic inflammation was similar between endotoxemic syndecan-1–null and wild-type mice. However, high levels of CXC chemokines (KC and MIP-2), particularly at later times after LPS, were specifically sustained in multiple organs in syndecan-1–null mice and associated with exaggerated neutrophilic inflammation, organ damage, and lethality. Syndecan-1 shedding was activated in several organs of endotoxemic wild-type mice, and this associated closely with the removal of tissue-bound CXC chemokines and resolution of accumulated neutrophils. Moreover, administration of a shedding inhibitor exacerbated disease by impeding the removal of CXC chemokines and neutrophils, whereas administration of heparan sulfate inhibited the accumulation of CXC chemokines and neutrophils in tissues and attenuated multiorgan injury and lethality. These data show that syndecan-1 shedding is a critical endogenous mechanism that facilitates the resolution of neutrophilic inflammation by aiding the clearance of proinflammatory chemokines in a heparan sulfate–dependent manner.
Impact of pain severity and location on health-related quality of life.

Despite evidence that persistent pain affects well-being, little is known about the relationship of the location of pain to psychological and functional well-being. To determine whether patients with musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) are more likely to be depressed and functionally disabled compared to patients with pain at other sites, we conducted a secondary data analysis of the Medical Outcome Study—an observational study of adult outpatients with chronic medical conditions. Of the 3,360 patients who completed the baseline assessment, 1,237 (36.8%) had MSD and 2,123 (63.2%) had no MSD. Among patients in the MSD group, 84.5% reported ≥mild pain as compared to 70% in the no MSD. In multivariate analyses, MSD patients were more likely than non-MSD patients to be depressed (β coefficient=−1.9, p=0.008) and functionally disabled (β coefficient=−4.4, p<0.0001). However, the impact of MSD was eliminated after controlling for pain severity. Regardless of the location of pain, pain severity appears to be an important correlate of functional status, both mental and physical.
Sutureless Mitral Valve Replacement: Initial Steps Toward a Percutaneous Procedure

Purpose Transcatheter mitral valve replacement would represent a major advance in heart valve therapy. Such a device requires a specialized anchoring and sealing technology. This study was designed to test the feasibility of a novel mitral valve replacement device (the sutureless mitral valve [SMV]) designed to anchor and seal in the mitral position without need for sutures. Description The SMV is a self-expanding device consisting of a custom-designed nitinol framework and a pericardial leaflet valve mechanism. Evaluation Ten sheep underwent successful surgical SMV device implantation. All animals underwent cardiac catheterization 6 hours postoperatively. Hemodynamic, angiographic, echocardiographic and necroscopic data were recorded. The mean aortic cross-clamp time was 9.5 ± 3.1 minutes. Echocardiography and angiography revealed excellent left ventricular systolic function, no significant perivalvular leak, no mitral valve stenosis, no left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, and no aortic valve insufficiency. Necropsy demonstrated that the SMV devices were anchored securely. Conclusions This study demonstrates the feasibility and short-term success of sutureless mitral valve replacement using a novel SMV device.
Temperature Adaptation in Sea Anemones: Physiological and Biochemical Variability in Geographically Separate Populations of Metridium senile

Latitudinally separate populations of the sea anemone Metridium senile (L.) are very similar genetically by electrophoretic criteria, yet respond differently to temperature. Anemones from southern and northern California (USA) have different oxygen consumption patterns in response to acclimatory and acute changes in temperature. Northern anemones show a pronounced increase in Q10 at temperatures just above the normal environmental range, but southern anemones do not. The two populations also differed in the extent of metabolic compensation to temperature following several weeks of acclimation. This acclimation regime resulted in changes in the activities of several enzymes of intermediary metabolism, yet the extent and direction of these changes did not display a consistent trend with regard to acclimation temperature or population. The biochemical concomitants of acclimatory and acute temperature effects were studied further by measuring the concentrations of adenylates (ATP, ADP, and AMP) in anemones from the two populations exposed to different temperature regimes. During cold acclimation for several weeks, total adenylate concentrations (AT) increased in both the southern and northern populations, possibly due to metabolic rate compensation, since AT is positively correlated with tissue metabolic rate in many species. Moreover, the extremely low weight-specific oxygen consumption rates of M. senile are probably related to its very low AT values. Acute temperature decreases had no effect on adenylate concentrations and adenylate energy charge (AEC); in contrast, acute temperature increases led to large changes in adenylate concentrations. The effects of starvation on adenylate concentrations are pronounced, and the effect is temperature-dependent. In starved individuals held at 20°C, AEC values fell to 50% of normal values after 8 d, while those held at 10°C maintained normal AEC values.
The Current Status of Peripheral Atherectomy

Recent advances in endovascular technology have generated a variety of alternative procedures and instruments in treating peripheral arterial occlusive disease. Mechanical atherectomy has been developed as an alternative to conventional percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) because of its limitations. Atherectomy devices can selectively remove atheroma by cutting or pulverising it in atherosclerotic diseased arteries percutaneously with angiographic guidance or openly through a small arteriotomy distant from the diseased site under fluoroscopic or angioscopic control. Theoreticall3~ atherectomy offers three advantages over PTA: (1) greater immediate success rate with lower rates of intimal dissection and acute occlusion due to the controlled removal of atheroma from the lumen; (2) wider application to complex lesions not readily amenable to PTA; and (3) reduction of restenosis rate due to the debulking of atheromatous mass. There are currently two types of atherectomy devices: extirpative and ablative. Extirpative atherectomy is characterised by shaving, cutting, or directly removing atheroma and collecting the excised material from the vessel lumen and wall. Ablative atherectom~ on the other h a n g uses a high-speed rotational device to pulverise atheroma into fragments small enough to be aspirated or removed through the reticuloendothelial system. Among the numerous atherectomy devices currently available, only four have undergone extensive clinical trials: the extirpative catheters-the Simpson Atherocath and the
Rapid confirmation and revision of the primary structure of bovine serum albumin by ESIMS and frit-FAB LC/MS

Incorrectness of the amino acid sequence of bovine serum albumin (BSA) was suggested from the observed molecular weight of BSA obtained by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESIMS). Lack of a tyrosine residue in the position of 156th was found rapidly, by the combination of frit-fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry/liquid chromatography (Frit-FAB LC/MS), automated Edman degradation and tandem mass spectrometry (MS). Then it turned out that BSA is composed of 583 amino acid residues, and that its average molecular weight is not 66267.1, and it is corrected to 66430.3. Moreover the amino acid sequence of the positions of 94th and 95th was corrected to -QE- by using automated Edman degradation method.
Two-incision versus one-incision repair for distal biceps tendon rupture: a cadaveric study

Hypothesis The purpose of this study was to accurately map the insertional footprint of the distal biceps tendon and to test our hypothesis that a superior anatomic repair can be achieved by a 2-incision technique when compared with a 1-incision technique. Methods We randomly assigned 20 cadaveric arms to 1 of 2 groups: 1 incision (group I) or 2 incision (group II). The bicipital tuberosity was exposed through either a single anterior incision (group I) or a posterolateral approach (group II). A guide pin was placed into the tuberosity to mark the axis for creating a virtual bone tunnel. Each radius was harvested with the biceps insertion intact. The length, width, and area of the insertion footprint for each tendon were determined with a 3-dimensional computerized digitizer. A 7.5 mm-diameter virtual bone tunnel was centered over the drill hole created by the guidewire. The percentage of the virtual tunnel within the original footprint was determined. Results The percentage of the virtual tunnel (repair site) within the original tendon footprint was 73.4% for the posterolateral approach and only 9.7% for the anterior approach. There was a statistically significant difference ( P ≤ .001) in the median values of footprint covered when the 2 types of repair were compared. Discussion and conclusion The 2-incision technique results in a significantly improved anatomic repair of the biceps tendon to the original insertion site. Prospective clinical studies directly comparing the 2 techniques with regard to the strength of supination after repair may be helpful.
Eli Noam, Media Ownership and Concentration in America

Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2009, pp. 489. Hardcover. ISBN: 978-0-19-518852-3 Media companies were on the march. It seemed that every week another megamerger or acquisition was be...
Effect of triggering epidermal Fcγ receptors on the interleukin-2- and interleukin-6-induced upregulation of Ia antigen expression by murine epidermal langerhans cells: The role of prostaglandins and cAMP

Abstract Following incubation of murine epidermis in medium containing either interleukin-2 or interleukin-6, there is significant upregulation in the density of Ia + epidermal Langerhans cells (to 159% and 175% of control, respectively). This cytokine-induced upregulation is abrogated by either rabbit or human IgG due to triggering of Fcy receptors. In contrast, human IgA does not inhibit the effect of interleukin-2 or interleukin-6. Using different isotypes of murine IgG, we have demonstrated that all subclasses are capable of inhibiting the cytokine-induced enhancement of Ia antigen, although IgG 1 and IgG 2b must be heat aggregated to be effective. The IgG-mediated events are dependent on prostaglandin synthesis because they can be blocked by the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin, 10 μg/ml. The responsible PG appears to be PGD 2 ; in contrast to its known inhibitory effect on macrophages, PGE 2 does not inhibit the upregulation of Ia antigen on Langerhans cells. In addition, these IgG-mediated events are dependent upon the generation of cAMP because they can be blocked by the adenylate cyclase inhibitor 2′,5′-dideoxya-denosine,1 mM. Despite the apparently central role of PGD 2 and cAMP in this process, triggering of the FcγR by different isotypes of IgG blocks upregulation of Ia via at least two different pathways. The inhibition caused by aggregated IgG 1 or IgG 2b , which bind to FcγRII on Langerhans cells, is abrogated by para-bromophenacylbromide, an inhibitor of phospholipase A 2 . In contrast, the inhibition caused by monomeric IgG 2a which binds to FcγRI most likely on keratinocytes, or monomeric IgG 3 , which probably binds to this same FcγRI, is abrogated by staurosporine, an inhibitor of protein kinase C, as well as by W7, a calmodulin antagonist. Finally, 1,2 dioctanoyl-rac-glycerol, an activator of protein kinase C, mimics the Ig-mediated events. Based on these findings, as well as studies using monoclonal antibodies to the murine Fcγ receptors I and II, we conclude that, as is the case in murine macrophages, triggering of an epidermal FcγRI, most likely on keratinocytes, results in the generation of cAMP via a Ca ++ -dependent protein kinase C pathway, whereas triggering of an epidermal FcyRII, most likely on Langerhans cells, results in the elevation of cAMP via a phospholipase A 2 -mediated pathway. In contrast to the situation for macrophages, PGD 2 is a vital intermediate in both pathways, perhaps because Langerhans cells have receptors for only this prostaglandin. Triggering of the receptor for PGD 2 on Langerhans cells induces the elevation of intracellular cAMP, which appears to act as the final messenger abrogating the cytokine-induced upregulation of Ia antigen on this cell.
A critique of the evidence for scavenging by Neandertals and early modern humans: new data from Kobeh Cave (Zagros Mountains, Iran) and Die Kelders Cave 1 Layer 10 (South Africa)☆

The primary mode of faunal exploitation by Neandertals and early modern humans remains a debated topic. Binford (1981, 1984, 1985, 1988) has argued for an obligate scavenging mode, Stiner (1991a, 1991b, 1991c, 1993, 1994) for a more opportunistic scavenging mode, while other researchers (Chase, 1986, 1988, 1989; Klein, 1989, 1994, 1995; Klein & Cruz-Uribe, 1996) deny the importance of scavenging as a faunal exploitation tactic. The scavenging interpretations rely primarily on several patterns in the faunal remains: the presence of a skeletal element pattern dominated by heads or head and foot parts, the presence of carnivore tooth marks on bone fragments, and infrequent cut marks that typically are not located on shaft regions of long bones or on fleshy bones. Five sites have been used to argue for scavenging: Klasies River Mouth, Combe Grenal, Grotta Guattari, Grotta dei Moscerini, and Grotte Vaufrey. The former four of the five sites are biased samples in that long bone shafts and other difficult to identify fragments were discarded at excavation. The analysis of Grotte Vaufrey included only those shafts identifiable to species or genus, thus excluding the vast majority of shaft specimens. This bias systematically shapes the skeletal element and surface modification patterning in ways that make the assemblages appear to fit a model of scavenging, when in fact the main determinant of the pattern is the bias in the flawed samples. This problem is illustrated with two unbiased faunal assemblages (Kobeh Cave and Die Kelders Layer 10). Skeletal element abundance is calculated in a way that mimics the bias in the sites listed above by excluding the shafts. Using this procedure, both Kobeh and Die Kelders have a head and foot skeletal element pattern and thus appear scavenged. Both assemblages are then analyzed in their entirety and a new pattern, consistent with hunting, is revealed. Taphonomic data on bone survival and destruction provide an explanation for this result. Excluding shaft fragments from the analysis also biases the surface modification patterning in such a way as to produce a pattern more consistent with scavenging. The conclusion is that there is no reliable evidence for scavenging by Neandertals or early modern humans.
A Study of Bullying in the Middle School

This study describes the bullying behaviors reported by 198 students in grade 8 in two middle schools in the same southern city. Of the students, 92% reported observing some type of bullying at the...
Trilayered heterostructures in in-situ laser deposited high temperature superconductors

Abstract We have fabricated good quality single layer YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ (YBCO) films {YBCO/YSZrO 2 (100)} and trilayered YBCO thin films {YBCO/YSZrO 2 /YBCO/YSZrO 2 (100)} on an yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) substrate by the single-chamber in-situ pulsed laser deposition technique. YSZ and YBCO films were deposited sequentially by a KrF excimer laser at a substrate temperature of 650°C. The films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, four point probe AC electrical resistivity, high resolution electron microscopy and Rutherford backscattering (RBS)/channeling techniques. Due to the matching of the thermal expansion coefficient of YSZ with YBCO and its diffusion barrier characteristics, good quality trilayered high- T c films have been grown on YSZ (100) with a superconducting transition temperature, T c onset , of 90 K, and T c0 (zero resistivity temperature) of 84 K, comparable to that of a single layer of YBCO on YSZrO 2 (100). A laser evaporation method was used for patterning the YBCO films and the critical current density, J c , was measured to be ∼5 × 10 5 A / cm 2 and 3 × 10 5 A/cm 2 at 77 K for corresponding single and trilayered thin films. RBS results showed very good quality YBCO thin films in the 〈100〉 direction on an YSZ (100) substrate compared to 〈110〉 in the trilayered structure.
Extending precolorings to circular colorings

Fix positive integers k', d', k, d such that k'/d' > k/d ≥ 2. If P is a set of vertices in a (k,d)-colorable graph G, and any two vertices of P are separated by distance at least 2 ⌈kk'/(2(k'd-k'd))⌉, then every coloring of P with colors in Zk' extends to a (k', d')-coloring of G. If k'd - kd' = 1 and ⌊k'/d'⌋ = ⌊k/d⌋, then this distance threshold is nearly sharp. The proof of this includes showing that up to symmetry, in this case there is only one (k', d')-coloring of the canonical (k, d)-colorable graph Gk,d.
The Formation of Economic Perceptions in Post-Communist Countries of East Central Europe

In the early transition phase in post-communist Europe, citizens’ perceptions of the national economy appeared more favorable than objective economic indicators would suggest. With triple and quadruple digit annual inflation rates and a severe economic contraction, there was a substantial portion of the population in these countries who still thought that the national economy had been and would be improving. Thus, sociotropic economic perceptions in the wake of the democratic transformation appeared to be disconnected from the real economic situation. The purpose of this paper is threefold. First, it explores the link between objective economic indicators and public evaluations of the economy. Second, it investigates the microfoundations of economic perceptions. And finally, it tests a well-established proposition that political sophisticates are more accurate in their perceptions than their less informed counterparts. The findings of the study can be generalized to any political and economic system undergoing transition.
Generic Diffusion of Phase Singularities

We find generic diffusion of phase singularities in microwave speckle patterns as the frequency is scanned and in numerical simulations in the time domain. These results give the photon diffusion coefficient through the random medium.
Analysis of Operator Responses to Mitigate Temperature Rise in Electrical Auxiliary Building

The loss of air conditioning in the electrical auxiliary building at South Texas Project (STP) has been shown in previous work to result in relatively rapid air temperature rise. The heat up is a concern in the Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA) because it may be associated with high conditional core damage probability. As a consequence, operator responses to mitigate the building heat up have been developed and proceduralized at STP. The plant’s current loss of electrical auxiliary building HVAC operator procedure was analyzed and improvements have been recommended. This was done using a commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) package that modeled the transient air temperature rise of the building and qualitatively assessed the effectiveness of operator actions. A possible methodology for validating the CFD results was developed using coupled energy balance equations for individual rooms. The methodology is a conservative approach to compare the effectiveness operator actions and provide steps for future higher fidelity simulation and validation. While the specific approach is applicable to STP, the overall methods and approaches described should be applicable to other sites that may be subject to excessive room heat up due to loss of air conditioning in critical rooms.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Notch and NOXA-Related Pathways in Melanoma Cells

Notch receptor-mediated intracellular events represent an ancient cell signaling system, and alterations in Notch expression are associated with various malignancies in which Notch may function as an oncogene or less commonly as a tumor suppressor. Notch signaling regulates cell fate decisions in the epidermis, including influencing stem cell dynamics and growth/differentiation control of cells in skin. Because of increasing evidence that the Notch signaling network is deregulated in human malignancies, Notch receptors have become attractive targets for selective killing of malignant cells. Compared with proliferating normal human melanocytes, melanoma cell lines are characterized by markedly enhanced levels of activated Notch-1 receptor. By using a small molecule gamma-secretase inhibitor (GSI) consisting of a tripeptide aldehyde, N-benzyloxycarbonyl-Leu-Leu-Nle-CHO, which can block processing and activation of all four different Notch receptors, we identified a specific apoptotic vulnerability in melanoma cells. GSI triggers apoptosis in melanoma cells, but only G2/M growth arrest in melanocytes without subsequent cell death. Moreover, GSI treatment induced a pro-apoptotic BH3-only protein, NOXA, in melanoma cells but not in normal melanocytes. The use of GSI to induce NOXA induction overcomes the apoptotic resistance of melanoma cells, which commonly express numerous cell survival proteins such as Mcl-1, Bcl-2, and survivin. Taken together, these results highlight the concept of synthetic lethality in which exposure to GSI, in combination with melanoma cells overexpressing activated Notch receptors, has lethal consequences, producing selective killing of melanoma cells, while sparing normal melanocytes. By identifying signaling pathways that contribute to the transformation of melanoma cells (e.g. Notch signaling), and anti-cancer agents that achieve tumor selectivity (e.g., GSI-induced NOXA), this experimental approach provides a useful framework for future therapeutic strategies in cutaneous oncology.
Organization of the telencephalon in the channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus.

The cytoarchitectonics of the telencephalon of the channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, are described as a basis for experimental analysis of telencephalic afferents and efferents. The olfactory bulb comprises: (1) an outer layer of olfactory nerve fibers, (2) a glomerular layer, (3) an external cell layer, (4) an inner fiber layer, and (5) an internal cell layer. The telencephalic hemispheres comprise the areas ventralis and dorsalis telencephali. The area ventralis consists of: (1) a precommissural, periventricular zone including nucleus 'nother (Vn), the ventral nucleus (Vv), and the dorsal nucleus (Vd); (2) a precommissural, migrated zone of central (Vc) and lateral (VI) nuclei; (3) a supracommissural nucleus (Vs); (4) a caudal commissural zone of postcommissural (Vp) and intermediate (Vi) nuclei; and (5) a preoptic area (PP). The area dorsalis comprises: (1) medial (DM), (2) dorsal (Dd), (3) lateral [DL, containing dorsal (DLd), ventral (DLv), and posterior (DLp) regions], (4) posterior (DP), and (5) central (DC-1, -2, -3) areas. Nucleus taeniae (NT) is transitional between areas dorsalis and ventralis.
Facilitating Students' Career Development in Psychology Courses: A Portfolio Project:

We describe the use of a career exploration portfolio in an Industrial/Organizational psychology course (n = 22) to address students' career needs and to develop academic competencies. Students independently completed a series of assignments outside of class, which led to the construction of a personalized career development portfolio. Evaluations showed that students were significantly more certain about their career directions at the end of the semester than before and felt better able to implement their career choices. We discuss how career exploration portfolios can be used in other psychology courses.
Bergelson and the landscape of Yiddish modernism

This article examines Dovid Bergelson’s modernist writing in relationship to the shifting geography of Yiddish culture after World War I. During the 1920s, a series of debates raged in the Yiddish press about the true centre of Yiddish literature. These discussions about Yiddish literary centres, including Bergelson’s own polemic, “Dray tsentern” (Three centres), were also aesthetic debates regarding the future direction of Yiddish literature in the absence of a national home. In “Three centres” Bergelson envisions the new Jewish writer emerging from the agricultural colonies of the Crimean steppes. Though a surprising vision from a Jewish emigrant writer in Berlin, Bergelson turns to the steppes as a way to break free from Yiddish literature’s attachment to the shtetl. However, a close reading of his interwar fiction illuminates how his modernist aesthetic derives from the irresolvable conflict between the old Jewish landscape of the shtetl and the new spaces of Jewish life in the post‐World War I period.
Tandem synthesis of core-shell brush copolymers and their transformation to peripherally cross-linked and hollowed nanostructures.

Core−shell brush copolymers were prepared on the basis of a tandem synthetic strategy and used as single molecular templates for the preparation of polymeric nanomaterials. An alkoxyamine-functionalized norbornene monomer was prepared and then polymerized by ring-opening metathesis polymerization. The well-defined polymer (Mn = 122 kDa, Mw/Mn = 1.13) contained one alkoxyamine functionality per repeat unit and was then used as a polyfunctional macroinitiator for sequential nitroxide-mediated radical polymerizations of isoprene and tert-butyl acrylate. The resulting well-defined brush copolymer (Mn = 1410 kDa, Mw/Mn = 1.23) was transformed to an amphiphilic core−shell brush copolymer comprising poly(isoprene)-b-poly(acrylic acid) grafts by hydrolysis. Subsequent cross-linking of the poly(acrylic acid) block segments afforded peripherally cross-linked brush copolymer nanostructures, which served, finally, as templates for hollowed nanoscale frameworks by ozonolysis of the poly(isoprene)-based cores. Each tra...
Xanthylium derivatives in grape extracts

Abstract A yellow compound, which developed during storage of grape juice, was isolated and characterized as the glucose derivative of a 1,3,6,8-tetrahydroxyxanthylium salt.
17-hydroxyprogesterone caproate reverses induced vasoconstriction of the fetoplacental arteries by the thromboxane mimetic U46619

Objective This study was undertaken to determine whether 17-hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17P) has a vasoactive effect on fetoplacental vasculature. Study design Two cotyledons were obtained from each of 5 placentas. Baseline perfusion was established with Hanks-based solution. One cotyledon from each pair was then infused with perfusate to which U46619 a thromboxane sympathomimetic had been added. After 30 minutes, a dose of 17P was then administered to each cotyledon. Finally, a vasoconstricting dose of angiotensin II was administered to each cotyledon. Perfusion pressures were recorded throughout. Statistical analysis of pressure change for a single cotyledon was performed by using a paired t test. Statistical analysis of mean perfusion pressure difference between U46619 exposed and nonexposed cotyledons was analyzed by using a students t test. Results 17P did not significantly alter the perfusion pressure of the control cotyledon. (30.6 ± 8.3 mm Hg vs 30.1 ± 7.8 mm Hg P = .48). 17P administration significantly lowered the perfusion pressure of the U46619 preconstricted vessels in comparison with preadministration. (60.1 ± 13 mm Hg vs 27.3 ± 7.1 mm Hg P = .03). Both groups of cotyledons responded with vasoconstriction to angiotension II with no difference in response between groups (38.3 ± 12 mm Hg vs 45.8 ± 8.2 mm Hg P = .63). Conclusion 17P reverses induced vasoconstriction by U46619 in fetoplacental arteries.
One swallow makes a runner

IF human athletes ran a race with one or more metallic foreign bodies protruding from the side of their mouth, attached by short straps to their hands, I doubt that their poor performance would be attributed by physicians in attendance to some occult lameness. We veterinarians seem doomed to seek the cause for palatal dysfunction in horses (ie, nasopharyngeal asphyxia) in something other than the commonplace. Dr Theodore Woodward's …
An itemized approach to assessing behavioral and psychological symptoms in dementia.

In an effort to obtain more detailed clinical information regarding behavioral and psychology symptoms in dementia, we submitted an existing, comprehensive measure of behavioral and psychology symp...
CTLA-4 blockade reverses CD8+ T cell tolerance to tumor by a CD4+ T cell- and IL-2-dependent mechanism.

A tumor-specific CD8+ T cell response was studied using adoptive transfer of OT-I TCR transgenic cells. Upon i.p. challenge with E.G7 tumor, OT-I cells undergo CD4+ T cell-independent expansion at the tumor site and develop lytic function. Before tumor elimination, however, they leave the peritoneal cavity (PC) and appear in the LN and spleen where they exhibit "split anergy" and cannot further proliferate to antigen. Administering anti-CTLA-4 mAb early caused sustained OT-1 expansion in the PC, and late administration caused the OT-I cells to return to the PC and further expand; in both cases, tumor was controlled. These effects required CD4+ T cells and IL-2 and appear to result from reversal of the nonresponsive state of the CD8+ T cells.
Pfaffians, superpotentials and vector bundle moduli

Abstract We present a method for explicitly computing the non-perturbative superpotentials associated with the vector bundle moduli in heterotic superstrings and M-theory. This method is applicable to any stable, holomorphic vector bundle over an elliptically fibered Calabi–Yau threefold. Superpotentials of vector bundle moduli potentially have important implications for small instanton phase transitions and the vacuum stability and cosmology of superstrings and M-theory. To cite this article: B.A. Ovrut, C. R. Physique 4 (2003).
Myocardial imaging with a new transpulmonary lipid-fluorocarbon echo contrast agent: Experimental studies in pigs☆

The development of echo contrast agents that can provide reliable opacification of the myocardium after intravenous injection is an important advancement for the clinical application of contrast echocardiography. In this study, the hemodynamic effects and echocardiographic characteristics of a new lipid-fluorocarbon echo contrast agent, Aerosomes MRX 115 (ImaRx Pharmaceutical Corp., Tucson, Ariz.) were studied in six anesthetized ventilated pigs. Intravenous injection of this new agent in doses ranging from 0.0005 to 0.01 ml/kg produced significant measurable and visible myocardial opacification without any effect on heart rate, systemic pressure, partial pressure of oxygen, or left ventricular systolic function. The two largest doses (0.005 and 0.01 ml/kg), however, resulted in mild reversible increases in mean pulmonary artery pressure of 12 and 16 mm Hg, respectively. In four animals, epicardial images were obtained before and during coronary artery occlusion. Intravenous contrast injection during coronary occlusion permitted delineation of the hypoperfused myocardial segment. This capability may further expand the utility of contrast echocardiography.
Effect of pregnancy on paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia

more detailed study is undertaken. In the present study, 24% (6 of 25) of patients had either dual AV node pathways or multiple accessory pathways. In such cases, the initial use of an abbreviated protocol may actually prolong the procedure. One additional point merits consideration. In our study, tachycardia was not induced in 3 of 12 patients in the abbreviated protocol, whereas all patients had tachycardia when atrial and ventricular extrastimuli were included. Contirmation that the observed pathway(s) participate in the clinical tachycardia provides the best proof that ablation, with its attendant risks and expenses, is actually merited.
Higher rank coupling in magnetic clusters with spin = 1

Abstract The use of tensor operator techniques is demonstrated for coupling the angular moments of ions with spin = 1, in magnetic clusters. The importance of including second rank coupling as well as the usual first coupling, is emphasized. The symmetry of such coupled spins is explored with some extension to higher spins. The overall objective in this paper is to describe the application of the symmetry of coupled spin angular momentum and of tensor operator techniques to systems of coupled transition ions. Utilization of this symmetry and of tensor operator techniques leads to direct and efficient computer programming that would treat data from such systems. We have chosen trimeric clusters with spin-1 for illustrative discussion. Such systems demonstrate the important points without leading to the mass of obscuring detail that would accompany a discussion of still higher spin in larger clusters, and of course Ni(II) clusters are commonly encountered. One possible effect that is very readily treated in this way is that of higher-order coupling.
Vot and dysarthria: A descriptive study

The purpose of this paper was to investigate whether voice onset time differences occurred among speakers exhibiting four different types of dysarthria. Twenty dysarthric speakers were used as subjects: five spastic, five flaccid, five ataxic, and five hypokinetic. Repeated utterance tasks using /p lambda/, /t lambda/ and /k lambda/ were analyzed using spectrography. All the speakers exhibited phonetic errors in their voice onset time productions, with voice onset times occurring in the range of values between voiced and voiceless stops. The spastic speakers exhibited shortest voice onset times while the flaccid and ataxic speakers exhibited significantly more voice onset time variability than the spastic and hypokinetic speakers. The short voice onset times exhibited by these speakers were related to the physiologic demands of voiceless stop productions.
A new alloplastic tray for osseous contour defects

Summary This new method of reconstructing osseous contour defects employs an alloplastic tray fabricated of polyethylene terephthalate cloth mesh impregnated with polyether urethane. A mold of the defect is made using standard prosthetic techniques. The cloth mesh saturated with catalyzed urethane is draped over the mold and cured in an air-circulating oven. The tray thus formed is sterilized by autoclaving. Autogenous, particulate cancellous bone taken from the iliac crest is used to fill the tray. The tray is implanted subperiosteally and imposes form and stability over the bone particles which progressively form new bone. This technique was initiated in 30 mongrel dogs where discontinuity defects of the mandible ranging from 2 to 4 cm were reconstructed. Osteogenesis was assessed radiographically, histologically and by intra-vital labelling in 80 percent of the dogs. Failure was attributed to behavioral problems in 6 dogs causing extrusion of the implant. Lamellar bone appeared by 3 months and progressed to form cortex (Leake and Rappoport, 1972). In man, the technique has been used to reconstruct discontinuity defects of the mandible ranging in size from 1.5 to 12 cm in ten patients, to augment atrophic mandibular alveolar ridges in four patients, and in two patients to reconstruct defects of the cranium. This new technique overcomes many of the problems of contour reconstruction. New bone forms regularly to fill in the prefabricated alloplastic tray. Bone formation is adequate for stress bearing in a period of 6 to 12 weeks depending on the size of the defect.
Intracellular localization of CO2 metabolism enzymes in cactus phylloclades

Abstract Chloroplasts were prepared from cactus, Opuntia Ficus - indica Mill., phylloclades by aqueous and nonaqueous techniques in order to localize CO 2 metabolism enzymes. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, malate dehydrogenase, malic enzyme, glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were shown to be associated with the purified chloroplasts. Malic dehydrogenase, malic enzyme, glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were associated with mitochondria purified by sucrose density gradients. Recovery of enzymic activity from chloroplasts prepared by carbon tetrachloride-hexane density gradient centrifugation was significantly better than plastids prepared by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Because P-enolpyruvate carboxylase, malic dehydrogenase, and malic enzyme activities were associated with chloroplasts, CO 2 metabolism mediated by these enzymes must be associated with chloroplast metabolism.
NGF regulates the PC12 cell cycle machinery through specific inhibition of the Cdk kinases and induction of cyclin D1

We have examined the effects of NGF on components of the PC12 cell cycle machinery. We show that NGF represses over 6-8 d the levels of specific cdk kinase proteins and the G2-M phase specific cyclin B1 and the S phase marker PCNA as well as the level of phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma (Rb) protein. All of these changes may provide a basis for a NGF block to cell cycling. Unexpectedly, the G1 phase-specific cyclin D1 was dramatically increased by inducers of differentiation (NGF and FGF), but not by inducers of proliferation (EGF and insulin). Although the levels of cyclin D1/cdk2 and cyclin D1/cdk4 complexes increased following NGF treatment, as did cyclin D1/Rb complexes, the associated kinase activities declined, indicating that NGF also induces an inhibitor of cdk kinase activity. In agreement, NGF induced the cdk inhibitory protein, p21, which was found in cyclin D1/cdk kinase complexes after NGF treatment. We show that vector over expression of cyclin D1 in PC12 is sufficient on its own to arrest the cells in G1 phase and inhibit expression of PCNA. These results indicate that NGF induction of cyclin D1 and inactivation of cdk kinases, the latter possibly by increase of p21, play a central role in the NGF block of PC12 cell cycling.
Entailment with Conditional Equality Constraints

Equality constraints (unification constraints) have widespread use in program analysis, most notably in static polymorphic type systems. Conditional equality constraints extend equality constraints with a weak form of subtyping to allow for more accurate analyses. We give a complete complexity characterization of the various entailment problems for conditional equality constraints. Additionally, for comparison, we study a natural extension of conditional equality constraints.
Multicultural Assessment of Personality and Psychopathology in the United States: Still Art, Not Yet Science, and Controversial

This paper describes the status of multicultural assessment training, research, and practice in the United States. Racism, politicization of issues, and demands for equity in assessment of psychopathology and personality description have created a climate of controversy. Some sources of bias provide an introduction to major assessment issues including service delivery, moderator variables, modifications of standard tests, development of culture-specific tests, personality theory and cultural/racial identity description, cultural formulations for psychiatric diagnosis, and use of findings, particularly in therapeutic assessment. An assessment-intervention model summarizes this paper and suggests dimensions that compel practitioners to ask questions meriting research attention and providing avenues for developments of culturally competent practice.
Philosophical Foundations of Health Education

Philosophical Foundations of Health Education is a powerful, thorough, and unique resource for health educators and especially for health education and promotion faculty. It contains previously published articles by leaders in the profession since the 1950s. The articles are grouped by the topics into six distinct parts. The book argues that all health professionals, new or old, need to develop their own personal philosophy about health and the profession and to use it to inform how they view and use the philosophies in their roles as professional health educators.
Gamma delta T cells recognize haptens and mount a hapten-specific response

Our immune system responds to invading microbes—such as viruses and bacteria—and tries to eliminate the threat via two distinct but connected systems: the innate and the adaptive immune systems. Cells of the innate immune system patrol our organs and tissues in an effort to identify and eliminate threats with a quick but general response, which is similar for many different pathogens. This first line of defense also escalates the immune response by activating the adaptive immune system. Unlike the innate immune response, the adaptive immune response targets unique molecules of different sizes, shapes and chemical compositions—ranging from small organic molecules to large pathogens. The adaptive immune system consists of three types of immune cells: B cells, alpha beta (αβ) T cells and gamma delta (γδ) T cells. These cells have proteins on their surfaces that function as receptors; when the receptors recognize and bind to a foreign molecule (called antigen), the cell becomes activated. This then triggers a cascade of events that help to clear the infection and help immune cells to rapidly respond to any future infection by the same pathogen. αβ T cells and γδ T cells respond to different triggers, but perform similar tasks—while B cells perform tasks that are different from those of T cells. An effective immune response often involves both B cells and T cells. One important way that the adaptive immune system can identify an invading microbe or monitor for damaged or abnormal cells is by recognizing chemicals produced by pathogen and chemical modifications of host molecules. And while B cells are able to do this, αβ T cells are not. Zeng et al. now show that γδ T cells can also recognize and mount response against this type of antigen. γδ T cells were shown to detect both a small synthetic fluorescent dye, and a chemical modification that has been extensively studied for B cell responses over the last 80 years. Following on from these findings, the next challenge is to identify γδ T cells that recognize molecules or chemical compounds produced during infection or disease, and to define these cells' role in immunity.