cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
“The Real Work is What They Do Together”*: Peer Support and Birth Parent Change:

This article examines a peer support intervention with birth parents in the child welfare system. Literature on the emotional change process for child welfare-involved parents, peer-support intervention-outcome studies in child welfare, and findings on peer support in related fields is reviewed. The Mendocino County Family Services Center (MCFSC) model is described, and findings from an exploratory study are presented and discussed. This model engages parents in a sequence of services based on developmental stages. The study used focus groups, interviews, and observation to understand the key components of the MCFSC peer support intervention, and the experience of birth-parent participants with respect to their personal change process. Further research into this model and other interventions that promote birth-parent change in child welfare is warranted.
Polarizability of OH

Abstract The polarizability of OH − and the electron affinity (EA) of OH are investigated using correlated methods in a variety of basis sets, including electric-field variant orbitals. The average polarizability of 47 ± 4 au is ≈ 54% greater than the SCF value. EA = 1.82 eV at MBPT(4), in agreement with experiment.
Computing the depth of a flat

We compute the regression depth of a k-flat in a set of n points in Rd, in time O(nd-2 + n log n) for 1 l k l d - 2. This contrasts with a bound of O(nd-1 + n log n) when k = 0 or k = d - 1.
Effect of Fish Oil on Appetite and Other Symptoms in Patients With Advanced Cancer and Anorexia/Cachexia: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study

Purpose: To determine whether high doses of fish oil, administered over 2 weeks, improve symptoms in patients with advanced cancer and decreased weight and appetite. Patients and Methods: Sixty patients were randomly assigned to fish oil capsules or placebo. Appetite, tiredness, nausea, well-being, caloric intake, nutritional status, and function were prospectively assessed at days 1 and 14. Results: The baseline weight loss was 16 ± 11 and 16 ± 8 kg in the fish oil (n = 30) and placebo (n = 30) group respectively, whereas the baseline appetite (0 mm = best and 10 mm = worst) was 58 ± 24 mm and 67 ± 19 mm, respectively (P = not significant). The mean daily dose was 10 ± 4 (fish oil group) and 9 ± 3 (placebo group) capsules, which provided 1.8 g of eicosapentaenoic acid and 1.2 g of docosahexaenoic acid in the fish oil group. No significant differences in symptomatic or nutritional parameters were found (P < .05), and there was no correlation between changes in different variables between days 1 and 14 and...
THEORY OF THE RISK AVERSE PRODUCER COOPERATIVE FIRM FACING UNCERTAIN DEMAND

This article extends the standard theory of the producer cooperative firm to the case of production under condition of risk
Sensitivity and specificity of the Minimum Data Set 3.0 discharge data relative to Medicare claims.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine whether the Minimum Data Set (MDS) 3.0 discharge record accurately identifies hospitalizations and deaths of nursing home residents. Design: We merged date of death from Medicare enrollment data and hospital inpatient claims with MDS discharge records to check whether the same information can be verified from both the sources. We examined the association of 30-day rehospitalization rates from nursing homes calculated only from MDS and only from claims. We also examined how correspondence between these 2 data sources varies across nursing homes. Settings: All fee-for-service (FFS) Medicare beneficiaries admitted for Medicare-paid (with prospective payment system) skilled nursing facility (SNF) care in 2011. Results: Some 94% of hospitalization events in Medicare claims can be identified using MDS discharge records and 87% of hospitalization events detected in MDS data can be verified by Medicare hospital claims. Death can be identified almost perfectly from MDS discharge records. More than 99% of the variation in nursing homeelevel 30-day rehospitalization rate calculated using claims data can be explained by the same rates calculated using MDS. Nursing home structural characteristics explain only 5% of the variation in nursing homeelevel sensitivity and 3% of the variation in nursing homeelevel specificity. Conclusion: The new MDS 3.0 discharge record matches Medicare enrollment and hospitalization claims events with a high degree of accuracy, meaning that hospitalization rates calculated based on MDS offer a good proxy for the “gold standard” Medicare data. 2014 AMDA e The Society for Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Medicine.
NONLINEAR TECHNIQUES TO CHARACTERIZE PRECHATTER AND CHATTER VIBRATIONS IN THE MACHINING OF METALS

In this paper we report on the use of Poincare sections, phase plane portraits and false nearest neighbor techniques to understand bifurcations in the lathe cutting of aluminum. The experiments presented here offer further evidence of deterministic tool vibrations below the classical onset of chatter. While classical chatter exhibits strong periodic content, these prechatter dynamics exhibit both quasiperiodic and chaotic vibrations. The method of false nearest neighbors predicts an embedding dimenion between 4 and 6 for prechatter cutting conditions while showing a random characteristic for no-cutting running of the machine. A one-dimensional delay-differential equation model is presented which exhibits some of the characteristics of the Poincare sections of the experimental time series.
TCX project: high assurance for secure embedded systems

An overview of the Trusted Computing Exemplar (TCX) research project and its accomplishments to date are presented. The TCX project is constructing a separation kernel that will be high assurance and suitable for use in simple embedded systems. To guide the kernel development, we have created a reusable high assurance development framework. The main emphasis of this multifaceted research and development initiative is to transfer knowledge and techniques for high assurance trusted system development new developers, evaluators and educators.
Designing Strength-Proportional Hydraulic Resistance for an Elbow Flexion-Extension Exercise Machine

The mechanical linkage of a hydraulic-resistance, elbow flexion and extension exercise machine was redesigned to provide a resistance response that varies in proportion to female joint strength over the range of motion. The aim was to integrate into a simple, passive exercise machine the respective benefits of hydraulic resistance and isokinetic exercise. Hydraulic resistance facilitates bidirectional, concentric-concentric exercise that naturally scales to accommodate users of varying strength. Strength-proportional resistance emulates the response of isokinetic exercise to work muscles at their maximum capacity throughout the range of motion. Methods: Independent mathematical models of elbow joint strength and machine resistance were derived as a function of machine arm flexion angle and angular velocity. The strength model was based on experimental data measured from female subjects during maximum-effort trials on the exercise machine. The resistance model was based on the force-velocity response of the hydraulic cylinder and the linkage’s mechanical advantage as determined from its geometric parameters. The intersection of these two models was assumed to represent conditions of equilibrium between strength and resistance, and was used to predict exercise operating speed for any angle of elbow flexion. Numerical optimization methods were applied to compute optimal parameters for two-bar and four-bar linkage configurations with the objective of achieving predicted operating speed patterns that were constant (isokinetic) over the range of motion. Results: A four-bar linkage configuration was found to be more effective at providing the desired resistance response than a two-bar configuration. Experimental trials using the optimized linkages confirmed model predictions and demonstrated that user operating speeds over the range of motion were closer to the desired isokinetic patterns than with the original linkage. The design method was effective at predicting user operating speeds and targeting desired shapes and magnitudes for the operating speed patterns. The method should be applicable to the design of other exercise machines that seek the advantages of a strength-proportional response derived from hydraulic resistance. DOI: 10.1115/1.2355684
"Lagrange functions": a family of powerful basis sets for real-space order-N electronic structure calculations.

Plane waves have unparalleled simplicity and systematic convergence by a single monotonic parameter, the energy cutoff, but they are limited to speriodic systems and require Fourier transforms that scale as ${N}^{2}\mathrm{l}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{g}N$, where $N$ is the number of atoms. Real-space methods for order-$N$ scaling are computationally complex and convergence depends on several variables. Here we introduce and demonstrate ``Lagrange functions'' as a family of analytical, complete, and orthonormal basis sets that are suitable for efficient, accurate, real-space, order-$N$ electronic structure calculations. Convergence is controlled by a single monotonic parameter, the dimension of the basis set, and computational complexity is lower than that of plane waves.
The Lanczos phenomenon—An interpretation based upon conjugate gradient optimization

Abstract The equivalence in exact arithmetic of the Lanczos tridiagonalization procedure and the conjugate gradient optimization procedure for solving Ax = b , where A is a real symmetric, positive definite matrix, is well known. We demonstrate that a relaxed equivalence is valid in the presence of errors. Specifically we demonstrate that local e-orthonormality of the Lanczos vectors guarantees local e- A -conjugacy of the direction vectors in the associated conjugate gradient procedure. Moreover we demonstrate that all the conjugate gradient relationships are satisfied approximately. Therefore, any statements valid for the conjugate gradient optimization procedure, which we show converges under very weak conditions, apply directly to the Lanczos procedure. We then use this equivalence to obtain an explanation of the Lanczos phenomenon: the empirically observed “convergence” of Lanczos eigenvalue procedures despite total loss of the global orthogonality of the Lanczos vectors.
Dictionary-based query recommendation for local code search

Local code search tools help developers efficiently find code snippets in the code base under development. The quality of the retrieved code largely depends on the quality of queries provided by developers. Manually synthesizing high-quality queries is a non-trivial task, partially because it places a cognitive burden on developers by requiring them memorize words used in the code base under search. To help developers synthesize better queries, this paper proposes a recommendation technique called MultiD that uses multiple dictionaries. We also report an ongoing study to evaluate the effectiveness of MultiD.
Effects of the volunteer subject, choice, and fear arousal on attitude change

Abstract Subjects who had volunteered (volunteers) and subjects who had refused to volunteer (nonvolunteers) for a previous experiment which was not run were recruited for the present experiment as part of a class requirement. Upon reporting, both volunteers and nonvolunteers were either given or not given choice as to participation in, and selection of experiments. The volunteering and choice variables were combined factorially with high or low fear arousal. Volunteers and subjects allowed choice exhibited greater acceptance of the recommendations of the appeal than did nonvolunteers and subjects allowed no choice, respectively. Nonvolunteers allowed choice and volunteers exhibited greater acceptance of the recommendations of the high fear appeal than of the low fear appeal. The reverse occurred for nonvolunteers allowed no choice. Results were interpreted in terms of reactance theory.
Digital terrain modeling of small stream channels with a total-station theodolite

Abstract A Digital Terrain Model (DTM) is an alternative to traditional measures of stream channel morphology that allows for extraction of many different types of data. This paper describes a method of creating high-resolution Digital Terrain Models of stream channels using an electronic, digital, total-station theodolite and standard methods of land surveying, and also includes considerations unique to hydrological application. Included is a detailed description of one application in Oregon, and also suggestions of how to apply the method in other research of morphology.
New Responses to Enduring Questions in Religious and Theological Education.

Abstract This article offers a response to two provocative questions about the relationship of theology to religious education posed by Norma Thompson in her Presidential address given at the annual meeting of APRRE in 1978. I offer contemporary answers to these questions from the perspective of a theological educator. First, I show how feminist theory and practices are transforming theological education. Second, I discuss how feminist pedagogy and theologies inform my teaching as a university professor. Third, I show how the themes of justice, dialogue, and imagination that emerge from feminist practices shape my work and the learning of my undergraduate theology students.
Is there an omitted stimulus response in the human cone flicker electroretinogram

Omitting a stimulus from a train of repetitive stimuli, by either interrupting or terminating the train, can elicit an electrophysiological response that occurs at the time appropriate for the omitted stimulus. This study investigated whether such an omitted stimulus response (OSR) is present in the flicker electroretinogram (ERG) of the human cone system. ERGs were recorded from 11 visually normal subjects in response to full-field sinusoidal flicker trains presented against a rod-desensitizing adapting field at frequencies ranging from 12.5 to 100 Hz. Recordings were synchronized with the onset of the stimulus trains, and the amplitude and relative delay of any additional ERG responses following the offset of the flicker train were analyzed. At stimulus frequencies below 35 Hz, the number of ERG responses always equaled the number of stimulus cycles. However, over the frequency range of 38.5 to 100 Hz, the ERG contained an extra response following flicker train offset. At stimulus frequencies from 38.5 to 62.5 Hz, there was a constant delay between the peak of the extra ERG response and the time at which the next stimulus would have occurred had the flicker train continued. This constant delay is characteristic of an OSR. In addition, an extra ERG response was apparent at these same stimulus frequencies if the flicker train was interrupted by omitting stimulus cycles from the middle of the train. The pattern of ERG findings is consistent with a recently proposed model of the OSR that attributes the phenomenon to a resonant oscillation in retinal bipolar cells.
ST2: A Novel Remodeling Biomarker in Acute and Chronic Heart Failure

ST2, a member of the interleukin-1 receptor family, is a novel biomarker of mechanical stress measurable in serum that has been shown in animal and in vitro models to be physiologically linked to cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and ventricular dysfunction. In patients with acute myocardial infarction and heart failure (HF), an elevated serum level of the soluble isoform of ST2 is associated with an increased risk of mortality or future HF, independent of natriuretic peptides, and correlates with markers of ventricular structure and function. In acute HF, elevated soluble ST2 levels strongly associate with the presence and severity of the disease and forecast short- and long-term mortality independent of other traditional clinical, biochemical, and echocardiographic markers of risk. This review discusses the biology and physiology of ST2, as well as its implications on the pathogenesis and prognosis of patients with acute coronary syndromes or acute and chronic HF syndromes.
Gas in portal circulation and pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis during chemotherapy for advanced rectal cancer

AbstractObjectives:Acute abdominal symptoms with CT scan evidence of intramural gas in bowel walls (pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis, PCI) and of gas in the portal venous blood (PBG) in patients undergoing chemotherapy may represent a worrisome picture, suggestive of bowel necrosis. This picture remains a major clinical clue and the reporting of new cases may help to share awareness and experience on management. We describe a patient with acute abdominal symptoms and evidence of PCI with PBG under cetuximab, oxaliplatin, tegafur-uracil and folinic acid chemotherapy for metastatic adenocarcinoma of the rectosigmoid junction.Methods:After admission for mucositis with diarrhea and profound dehydration, and subsequent emergency laparotomy for derotation of an intestinal volvulus, on the tenth postoperative day the patient developed fever and abdominal pain, with CT scan evidence of PCI with PBG. The exam of the abdomen did not suggest major problems requiring emergency surgery, and antibiotic treatment with...
Social stress and escalated drug self-administration in mice II. Cocaine and dopamine in the nucleus accumbens

Rationale Social defeat stress results in escalation of cocaine taking and long-term neural adaptations in rats. How the intensity and timing of social defeat stress determine these effects, particularly in mice, have not been well characterized.
Time series transfer model relating temperature to behavior of glacier termini

The Box-Jenkins transfer model technique is used to build a time series model relating mean June–July–August air temperature and behavior of glacier termini. Data are from the Austrian Alps. Glacier behavior is the fraction of observed glaciers in the region that recede each season. The model indicates a good fit (r=0.84), with temperature effects diminishing after the concurrent year but having appreciable impact for approximately 4 yr.
Systems of Care: New Partnerships for Community Psychology

For almost two decades, the federal government has supported the development of integrated models of mental health service delivery for children and families, known as systems of care (SOCs), that strive to be child-centered, family-focused, community-based, and culturally competent. These efforts align well with the values and principles (e.g., empowerment, collaboration, strengths emphasis, focus on macro-level social/system change) central to community psychology (CP; Kloos et al. in Community psychology, Cengage Learning, Belmont, 2012). Despite the convergence of many core values, CPs have historically been underrepresented in key roles in SOC initiatives. However, this has changed in recent years, with increasing examples of community psychology skills and principles applied to the development, implementation, and evaluation of SOCs. Because successful and sustainable implementation of SOCs requires community and system-level change, and SOCs are increasingly being urged to adopt a stronger “public health” orientation (Miles et al. in A public health approach to children’s mental health: a conceptual framework, Georgetown University Center for Child and Human Development, National Technical Assistance Center for Children’s Mental Health, Washington, DC, 2010), there is great potential for CPs to play important roles in SOCs. This paper discusses opportunities and roles for CPs in SOCs in applied research and evaluation, community practice, and training.
Distinct Domains in High Mobility Group N Variants Modulate Specific Chromatin Modifications

We have demonstrated that levels of specific modification in histone H3 are modulated by members of the nucleosome-binding high mobility group N (HMGN) protein family in a variant-specific manner. HMGN1 (but not HMGN2) inhibits the phosphorylation of both H3S10 and H3S28, whereas HMGN2 enhances H3K14 acetylation more robustly than HMGN1. Two HMGN domains are necessary for modulating chromatin modifications, a non-modification-specific domain necessary for chromatin binding and a modification-specific domain localized in the C terminus of the HMGNs. Thus, chromatin-binding structural proteins such as HMGNs affect the levels of specific chromatin modifications and therefore may play a role in epigenetic regulation.
Estimation on stated-preference experiments constructed from revealed-preference choices

Abstract Constructing stated-preference (sp) experiments from a choice that the respondent made in a revealed-preference setting can enhance the realism of the sp task and the efficacy of preference revelation. However, the practice creates dependence between the sp attributes and unobserved factors, contrary to the independence assumption that is maintained for standard estimation procedures. We describe a general estimation method that accounts for this non-independence and give specific examples based on standard and mixed logit specifications of utility. We show conditions under which standard estimation methods are consistent despite the non-independence. We illustrate the general methodology through an application to shippers’ choice of route and mode along the Columbia/Snake River system.
Flying Drosophila Orient to Sky Polarization

Insects maintain a constant bearing across a wide range of spatial scales. Monarch butterflies and locusts traverse continents [[1] and [2]], and foraging bees and ants travel hundreds of meters to return to their nests [[1], [3] and [4]], whereas many other insects fly straight for only a few centimeters before changing direction. Despite this variation in spatial scale, the brain region thought to underlie long-distance navigation is remarkably conserved [[5] and [6]], suggesting that the use of a celestial compass is a general and perhaps ancient capability of insects. Laboratory studies of Drosophila have identified a local search mode in which short, straight segments are interspersed with rapid turns [[7] and [8]]. However, this flight mode is inconsistent with measured gene flow between geographically separated populations [[9], [10] and [11]], and individual Drosophila can travel 10 km across desert terrain in a single night [[9], [12] and [13]]—a feat that would be impossible without prolonged periods of straight flight. To directly examine orientation behavior under outdoor conditions, we built a portable flight arena in which a fly viewed the natural sky through a liquid crystal device that could experimentally rotate the polarization angle. Our findings indicate that Drosophila actively orient using the sky's natural polarization pattern.
The remanent magnetic field of the moon

Measurements of the moon's remanent magnetic field near the Apollo landing sites and from lunar orbit with the Apollo subsatellites are reviewed. Contour maps are presented for the intensity of the radial, eastward, and northward components of the remanent field as measured with Apollo subsatellite magnetometers at altitudes of 10 to 170 km. Attempts to fit the subsatellite measurements to various models are discussed along with indirect measurements of the remanent field. It is shown that scale sizes of field sources range from 1 to at least 100 km, that the magnetic fields on the far side are stronger and more variable than those on the near side, and that the lunar remanent field apparently exhibits a significant latitude dependence. The origin of the field responsible for the remanent magnetization is considered.
Tension-type Headache and Stressful Events: The Role of Selective Memory in the Reporting of Stressors

This study examined evidence for the role of selective memory for stressful events in women with headache. Previous studies have reported that on retrospective measures of stress, those with tension-type headache report more stressful events and rate the events as more stressful than did headache-free controls. However, when ratings are made concurrently, participants with headache and controls did not differ in their ratings of equivalent stressors presented in the laboratory. One theory for why differences are found in stress ratings made retrospectively, but not concurrently, is that selective memory biases recollection of past events in patients with headache. This study compared self-report ratings of stressful events and their perceived impact made either concurrently or retrospectively to determine if selective memory might explain the discrepancies found in earlier studies. Participants included 20 patients with tension-type headache and 22 headache-free controls. Participants were compared on hourly, daily, and weekly measures of stressors and their perceived impact via hourly and nightly visual analog scale ratings, the Daily Stress Inventory, and the Weekly Stress Inventory. If support was to be offered to the hypothesis that selective memory biases the retrospective memory of patients with headache, then an interaction between group assignment (ie, headache versus control group) and time of rating would be expected. No such interaction occurred. Results from the study suggest that all participants have a tendency to overestimate stress on retrospective measures, but that patients with headache do not do so at a significantly different rate than do headache-free controls. The alternative hypothesis that patients with headache tend to appraise everyday events as more stressful is supported.
Crossing Scholarly Divides: Barriers and Bridges for Doctoral Students Attending Scholarly Conferences.

Scholarly conferences are one mechanism by which doctoral students can enter into their profession as practitioners and scholars. Unfortunately, research about the effectiveness of this career development strategy is limited. This paper explores learning experiences of doctoral students at a scholarly conference. Theories about learning communities, communities of practice, and knowledge creation frame student experiences. Special attention is given to how legitimate peripheral participation describes interactions of students with the scholarly community of practice during the conference. Recommendations for students, faculty, other scholars, and program planners are given in order to promote improved access to and participation in the scholarly community. Such changes can provide doctoral students with a smoother transition from academic learning to learning in the scholarly community of a professional conference.
The zero temperature energy gap of strong coupling superconductors

Abstract A simple equation for the zero temperature energy gap of a superconductor is derived which enables one to calculate Δ0 very quickly with only a modest loss of accuracy. This equation is used to calculate the relative effectiveness of phonons of different frequencies in enhancing Δ0. It predicts that the optimum phonon frequency for enhancing Δ0 is close to Δ0 for any material.
Inverse Self-Healing of Talbot Self-Imaging

The self-healing of Talbot self-images is used to design 3-D intensity distributions. Heuristic and numerical techniques are discussed for computing diffractive optical element which exhibit the inverse self-healing effect.
Agronomic and quality characteristics of two new sets of Langdon durum-wild emmer wheat chromosome substitution lines

Abstract Triticum turgidum L. var. dicoccoides has been a useful source of genes for high grain protein content (GPC) in wheat. The objective of this study was to test the agronomic and quality characteristics of 23 durum Langdon–T. dicoccoides (LDN–DIC) substitutions based on T. dicoccoides accessions PI 481521 (LDN521) and PI 478742 (LDN742), with emphasis on finding new genes for high GPC. The 23 LDN–DIC substitutions and checks were grown in replicated yield trials at Fargo and Prosper, ND in 2005–2006. The lines were evaluated for grain yield, plant height, and heading date. Twelve quality traits, including GPC, were evaluated using standard methods. Potentially useful variation for thousand-kernel weight, kernel size, semolina extraction, and semolina brightness and color, was identified. Eight lines including LDN742-6B, LDN521-7B, LDN521-5B, LDN742-7A, LDN742-5B, LDN521-2A, LDN742-7B, and LDN521-1A had significantly higher GPC than LDN, suggesting that chromosomes 1A, 2A, 5B, and 7B of PI 481521 and 7A, 5B, 6B, and 7B of PI 478742 may carry high GPC genes. Using allele specific marker Xuhw89, LDN742-6B was shown to carry the same Gpc-B1 allele as in Israel A. The remaining six lines with high GPC are potential sources of new high GPC genes for durum wheat.
Putting our own house in order: whiteness, change and organization studies

Assumptions about race in the discipline of organization studies are explored by introducing the notion of “interrogating whiteness”. Standpoint epistemology, which assumes people’s experiences are relevant to the ways they know, allows the apparently unmarked, neutral category of whiteness to be seen as one standpoint among many. To encourage a useful discussion of race, key terms are situated linguistically and historically, background is given on paradigms for thinking about race, and there is a consideration of the consequences of whiteness and blackness. I examine what writers say about race when it is not the topic about which they claim to write. The organizational life of the discipline and authorship is explored. I then turn to the organizational literature for further illustration of whiteness as unmarked, stereotypical examples, and distancing language.
Respiratory instability in neonates with in utero exposure to cocaine.

Ventilatory abnormalities have been reported in infants exposed in utero to heroin and methadone, 1 and a similar association has been suggested with in utero cocaine exposure, z Facial airstream stimulation elicits reflex apnea in healthy newborn infants, presumably through trigeminal afferents, 3 and causes a greater number of respiratory pauses in preterm infants than in term infants. 4, 5 We hypothesized that apparently healthy cocaine-exposed neonates would have subclinical respiratory abnormalities that would be elicitable by trigeminal airstream stimulation and hypercapnia.
Discovering Anomalous Aviation Safety Events Using Scalable Data Mining Algorithms

The worldwide civilian aviation system is one of the most complex dynamical systems created. Most modern commercial aircraft have onboard flight data recorders that record several hundred discrete and continuous parameters at approximately 1 Hz for the entire duration of the flight. These data contain information about the flight control systems, actuators, engines, landing gear, avionics, and pilot commands. In this paper, recent advances in the development of a novel knowledge discovery process consisting of a suite of data mining techniques for identifying precursors to aviation safety incidents are discussed. The data mining techniques include scalable multiple-kernel learning for large-scale distributed anomaly detection. A novel multivariate time-series search algorithm is used to search for signatures of discovered anomalies on massive datasets. The process can identify operationally significant events due to environmental, mechanical, and human factors issues in the high-dimensional flight operati...
871 BONE DYNAMICS AND MINERAL METABOLISM IN A PATIENT WITH TURNER SYNDROME AND A CRANIOPHARYNGIOMA TREATED WITH GROWTH HORMONE

Trephine biopsy of tetracycline labeled bone, parathyroid hormone levels and bone densitometry using photon absorptiometry were accomplished in a 14-year-old girl with 45,X karyotype who also has a craniopharyngioma. At the time of the initial studies, she was taking replacement hydrocortisone, 10mg. every morning and 5mg. at night and 150mcg. of Thyroxine daily. The cell and tissue level dynamics of bone remodelling were elevated and slightly above normal compatible with high turnover bone. In retrospect this may have been related to the slightly high thyroxine replacement dose. Following eight months of growth hormone treatment, the dynamics showed further increase in bone activity at both the haversian and endosteal-cortical surfaces. The thyroxine replacement remained constant. She grew three inches, whereas she had previously only grown ½ inch per year. The parathyroid hormone levels did not change significantly. The bone densitometry was 7 standard deviations below normal for age and sex and did not change significantly with treatment.
Laser-Doppler flowmetry utilizing a thinned skull cranial window preparation and automated stimulation

Abstract For several decades, cranial windows have been used to investigate questions relating to cerebral blood flow and its regulation. In general, these techniques have utilized either `open' cranial windows for the direct observation of the intracranial vasculature, or `closed' cranial windows in which the skull and dura are removed and replaced with a clear seal, such as a coverslip. Here we describe a method of studying blood flow responses elicited by the physiological stimulus of whisker movement while using a `thinned skull' cranial window created over the rat whisker-barrel cortex. This method employing an automated whisker stimulator coupled with laser-Doppler flowmetry focused through the thinned skull cranial window, is less invasive than other cranial window techniques, and allows for the study of the effects of stimulation parameters and systemically administered compounds on whisker movement elicited blood flow responses. Automated whisker stimulation and data collection also allow for precise temporal averaging of laser-Doppler measured responses, leading to increased precision in determining the true shape of the evoked blood flow response pattern. Themes: Other systems of the CNS Topics: Brain metabolism and blood flow
Δ15,18-Tetracosadienoic acid content of sphingolipids from platelets and erythrocytes of animals fed diets high in saturated or polyunsaturated fats

The effect of diets high (15%) in saturated (beef tallow) or polyunsaturated (corn or cottonseed oil) fatty acids on the fatty acid composition of sphingomyelin from canine erythrocytes and platelets and sphingomyelin and neutral glycosphingolipids of swine erythrocytes was determined. Sphingolipids of platelets and erythrocytes from animals fed high levels of corn or cottonseed oil exhibited a dramatic alteration in their fatty acid composition, most notable of which was a 50% reduction in nervonic acid (24∶1ω9) as compared to levels observed in control or tallow fed animals. This decrease was compensated for by a quantitatively similar increase in a C24 dienoic acid. The long chain dienoic acid was isolated by silver nitrate thin layer chromatography and determined by analysis of its oxidation products to be Δ15, 18-tetracosadienoic acid (24∶2ω6). When the animals were fed the diets high in polyunsaturates, the 24∶2ω6 represented 13, 20, and 9% of the sphingomyelin fatty acids from canine erythrocytes, platelets, and swine erythrocytes, respectively, and 5% of the neutral glycosphingolipid fatty acids of swine erythrocytes. In contrast, the 24∶2ω6 represented less than 4% of the total cellular sphingolipid fatty acids in animals fed the control or high beef tallow diets. The 24∶1ω9 in the sphingolipids of the animals fed the polyunsaturated diet was roughly equal to that of 24∶2ω6, whereas in the sphingolipids of animals fed the control or saturated fat (beef tallow) diet, the 24∶1ω9 was twice these values. Since sphingomyelin is a membrane component, the increase in unsaturation (24∶2ω6) in its fatty acid moiety induced by dietary polyunsaturates may affect membrane fluidity and may alter membrane properties.
Evaluation of Defibrillation Efficacy at Implantation is Unnecessary

Implantable defibrillator (ICD) therapy improves mortality in several subsets of patients at risk for sudden cardiac death. Defibrillation efficacy (DE) testing is routinely performed at initial ICD implantation, although it is associated with a small but finite risk of complications, including worsening heart failure, stroke, pulseless electrical activity, and death. Over the past 2 decades, several major advances have been made in ICD technology, including adjustable biphasic waveforms, active can technology, and higher output devices, which have greatly enhanced DE. Moreover, there is no data to suggest that DE testing at the time of ICD implantation predicts firstshock success for termination of ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation (VF), or improves survival. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate that the evaluation of DE at the time of initial ICD implantation is unnecessary.
The changing relationship between information technology and society

Society and information technology are rapidly co-evolving, and often in surprising ways. The paper considers different views on how society and networked information technology are changing one another. Becoming socialized means learning what kinds of behaviour are appropriate in a given social situation. The increasing trend of digitizing and storing our social and intellectual interactions opens the door to new ways of gathering and synthesizing information that was previously disconnected.
Foraging behavior and prey interactions by a guild of predators on various lifestages of Bemisia tabaci

The sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) is fed on by a wide variety of generalist predators, but there is little information on these predator-prey interactions. A laboratory investigation was conducted to quantify the foraging behavior of the adults of five common whitefly predators presented with a surfeit of whitefly eggs, nymphs, and adults. The beetles, Hippodamia convergens Guerin-Meneville and Collops vittatus (Say) fed mostly on whitefly eggs, but readily and rapidly preyed on all of the whitefly lifestages. The true bugs, Geocoris punctipes (Say) and Orius tristicolor (Say) preyed almost exclusively on adult whiteflies, while Lygus hesperus Knight preyed almost exclusively on nymphs. The true bugs had much longer prey handling times than the beetles and spent much more of their time feeding (35-42%) than the beetles (6-7%). These results indicate that generalist predators vary significantly in their interaction with this host, and that foraging behavior should be considered during development of a predator-based biological control program for B. tabaci.
Information-Seeking Support Systems [Guest Editors' Introduction]

Seeking information for learning, decision making, and other complex mental activities that take place over time requires tools and support services that aid people in managing, analyzing, and sharing retrieved information.
Effects of time dependence in unstratified tidal boundary layers: results from large eddy simulations

A three-dimensional Large Eddy Simulation (LES) model is used to simulate oscillating tidal boundary layers and test previous results obtained from one-dimensional boundary layer models and turbulence measurements in tidal channels. The LES model produces low-order turbulence statistics in agreement with the semi-analytic theory and observations. It shows a logarithmic layer in the mean velocity profile and a linear distribution of Reynolds stress with water depth. However, the eddy viscosity profile predicted by the LES model is not parabolic but better matches a parabolic profile modified by wake effect observed in the outer part of depth-limited steady boundary layers. Low-order turbulence statistics can be scaled by the instantaneous friction velocity at the bottom boundary. Although turbulence intensities in three directions fluctuate over a tidal cycle, their normalized values are in good agreement with those determined from laboratory experiments of steady open-channel flows. The LES model confirms that tidal turbulence is in quasi-equilibrium. However, it also demonstrates the importance of flow acceleration/deceleration term in the depth-integrated momentum balance for the mean flow. Phase differences are found between flows at different heights above the bottom boundary.
Fast collection times for fluorescence-decay measurements

Acquisition times as short as 10 ms are achieved for the collection of fluorescent decays with a time-correlated single-photon counting detection scheme, arranged in the reverse-interactive configuration, and high-repetition-rate laser excitation. Faster acquisition times for the measurement of fluorescent decays are accomplished by employing the same laser excitation system and photomultiplier anode-current sampling with a digital oscilloscope. With this variant, an 8.9 ns exponential decay is collected in 8.058 μs.
Breast ultrasound waveform tomography: using both transmission and reflection data, and numerical virtual point sources

Ultrasound transmission tomography usually generates low-resolution breast images. We improve sound-speed reconstructions using ultrasound waveform tomography with both transmission and reflection data. We validate the improvement using computer-generated synthetic-aperture ultrasound transmission and reflection data for numerical breast phantoms. Our tomography results demonstrate that using both transmission and reflection data in ultrasound waveform tomography greatly enhances the resolution and accuracy of tomographic reconstructions compared to ultrasound waveform tomography using either transmission data or reflection data alone. To verify the capability of our novel ultrasound waveform tomography, we design and manufacture a new synthetic-aperture breast ultrasound tomography system with two parallel transducer arrays for clinical studies. The distance of the two transducer arrays is adjustable for accommodating different sizes of the breast. The parallel transducer arrays also allow us to easily scan the axillary region to evaluate the status of axillary lymph nodes and detect breast cancer in the axillary region. However, synthetic-aperture ultrasound reflection data acquired by firing each transducer element sequentially are usually much weaker than transmission data, and have much lower signal-to-noise ratios than the latter. We develop a numerical virtual-point-source method to enhance ultrasound reflection data using synthetic-aperture ultrasound data acquired by firing each transducer element sequentially. Synthetic-aperture ultrasound reflection data for a breast phantom obtained using our numerical virtual-point-source method reveals many coherent ultrasound reflection waveforms that are weak or invisible in the original synthetic-aperture ultrasound data. Ultrasound waveform tomography using both transmission and reflection data together with numerical virtual-point-source method has great potential to produce high-resolution tomographic reconstructions in clinical studies of breast ultrasound tomography.
Volatile contents of phlogopite micas from South African kimberlite

Phlogopite micas from nodules in South African kimberlites were analyzed for major elements with the electron microprobe and for volatile contents by high temperature mass spectrometry. The micas are from primary- (deformed) and secondary- (undeformed) textured grains in perodotite xenoliths, glimmerites, MARID (mica-amphibole-rutile-ilmenite-diopside) suite nodules and a mica megacryst. The major element and volatile contents of micas exhibiting these modes of occurrence overlap to a greater extent than indicated in previous studies. Concentrations of volatile species occupying structurally defined crystallographic sites (H2O, F, Cl) are greater for many of the micas than predicted on the basis of the mica formula, particularly for the glimmerite and MARID suite samples. A correlation exists between micas with tetrahedral and octahedral cation deficiencies and those with excess H2O, F and Cl. Substitution of H+ for tetrahedral and possibly octahedral cations may be responsible for the excess H2O in these micas. Except for one sample, the major element and volatile data for the peridotite, glimmerite and MARID suite micas indicate that they crystallized at oxygen fugacities below the quartz-fayalite-magnetite buffer. F and K2O are in the correct proportion in the micas to provide the source for these elements in alkali basalts, but not in mid-ocean ridge basalts. Kaersutite amphibole is a more likely source of potassium and fluorine in mid-ocean ridge basalts.
FB in FYC: Facebook Use Among First-Year Composition Students

Abstract This article presents results of a survey of 474 first-year composition students about their Facebook use. Findings suggest that students do not see Facebook and first-year composition as being related. However, students seem to enact certain skills from first-year composition on Facebook, such as audience awareness, awareness of rhetorical situation, invention, and even process writing. Other findings include that students who like writing or thought they were good writers were more likely to see a connection between Facebook and first-year composition, that students were much more likely to use privacy settings than previous research suggests, and that there was a strong correlation between how often students perceived certain groups viewing their content on Facebook and how often they had that group in mind when posting. These implications suggest that making students aware of these practices on Facebook may make it easier for students to more clearly see connections between composing practices on Facebook and in first-year composition.
The New Open Economy Macroeconomics: A Critical Appraisal

Within only a few years, the new open economy macroeconomics (NOEM) has emerged as a potential rival to the Mundell-Fleming framework, as modified by Dornbusch and others in the 1980s and 1990s using linear-quadratic models, as the dominant analytical framework in the study of open economies. This paper reviews some of the main developments in this literature. It offers a critical appraisal of its contributions to date and discusses potential pitfalls of taking a pure NOEM approach by dismissing work not based in explicit utility maximization as “ad hoc.” The paper proposes broadening the NOEM literature to include consideration of heterogeneities within and across open economies. In light of the complexities involved in modeling heterogeneous agents or structures, the field of open economy macroeconomics may stand to gain from the pursuit of an impure NOEM. Work along these lines would de-emphasize dynamics, general equilibrium, and explicit optimization in favor of a focus on the true innovation of the NOEM literature, which has been highlighting the crucial importance of accounting for imperfect competition and price and wage rigidities in macroeconomic theories of open economies.
Chinese economic expansionism in Africa: A theoretical analysis of the environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis in the forest sector in Cameroon.

This paper, which is conceptually located at the intersection of trade–economics, resource politics, and environmental assessment, is a narrative-analytic review of Chinese economic expansionism in Africa especially its quest for the continent’s natural resources in the past 10 years. We seek to examine the environmental, ecological, and sociopolitical impacts of the current China–Africa engagement within the context of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis. The EKC hypothesis posits that an inverted U-shape relationship exists between economic growth and environmental quality. This implies that the quality of a country’s environment will initially decrease due to its economic growth, but will soon start to improve when the country attains a certain threshold level of economic development/income per capita. We argue that by virtue of its ‘omission’ and/or ‘commission’ factors, the EKC hypothesis can be misleading if not dangerous. Using the case study of China’s engagement with Cameroon in the ...