cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Compassion Fatigue: What Is the Level Among Army Chaplains?

Army chaplains assigned to Fort Bragg, NC, units were explored for compassion fatigue with contributory factors, compassion satisfaction, and burnout. The Compassion Fatigue Process developed by Charles Figley was used as the framework of the study. The sample consisted of 69 individuals. Findings indicated a low level of compassion fatigue and burnout, and approximately average level of compassion satisfaction. However, there was an association between compassion fatigue and the average number of hours per week working with wounded victims' friends and family. Collaboration with other mental health providers, increased peer support, and education may lessen the development of compassion fatigue.
Adhesion-dependent signaling by macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF)

Proper stimulation of cell cycle progression and DNA synthesis requires cooperating signals from integrin and growth factor receptors. We previously found that the proinflammatory peptide, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), functions as an autocrine mediator of growth factor-dependent ERK MAP kinase activation and cell cycle progression. We now report that MIF secretion is induced by cell adhesion to fibronectin in quiescent mouse fibroblasts. Adhesion-mediated release of MIF subsequently promotes integrin-dependent activation of MAP kinase, cyclin D1 expression, and DNA synthesis. Secretion of MIF requires protein kinase C activity, and recombinant MIF reconstitutes the activation of MAP kinases in the presence of protein kinase C inhibition. Finally, we show that cells deficient in MIF have significantly higher retinoblastoma tumor suppressor and lower E2F transcriptional activities. These results suggest that MIF is an important autocrine mediator of adhesion-dependent signaling events and may provide mechanistic insight into how MIF regulates proliferative and oncogenic processes.
I AM an Angry Black Woman: Black Feminist Autoethnography, Voice, and Resistance

This article couples Black feminist thought (Collins, 2009) and autoethnography to advocate for Black feminist autoethnography (BFA) as a theoretical and methodological means for Black female academics to critically narrate the pride and pain of Black womanhood. Rooted in my desire to “talk back” (hooks, 1989) to systemic oppression as a biracial (Black and White) Black woman, I position anger as a productive force that fuels coming to voice through BFA as an act of resistance. In this article, BFA is used to self-reflexively explore my everyday experiences as an “outsider within” (Collins, 1986) and problematize the omnipresence of racism and sexism (at the least) in the everyday lives of Black women. Situating my anger as just and justifiable, I locate my voice directly in response to controlling imagery, such as the angry sapphire that denotes angry women of color as unruly, while simultaneously highlighting the need for “progressive Black sexual politics” (Collins, 2005, p. 16) that bear witness to th...
Update in gastroenterology and hepatology.

The goal of this Update is to review the pertinent literature in gastroenterology and hepatology that appeared in 2004. The Update emphasizes systematic reviews and meta-analyses as sources of evid...
Genetic dissection of a thousand-grain weight quantitative trait locus on rice chromosome 1

Thousand-grain weight (TGWT) is an important factor affecting grain yield as well as grain quality in rice. A quantitative trait locus (QTL) qTGWT1-1 for TGWT was detected previously near DNA marker RG532 on the short arm of chromosome 1 in a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from the indica-indica rice cross Zhengshan97B (ZS97B)/Milyang46 (MY46). In this study, two residual heterozygous lines (RHLs), Ch1 and Ch2, derived from the ZS97B/MY46 RIL F7 population, were used to develop two F6 populations, RIL-1 and RIL-2. The genome of Ch1 and Ch2 contains a heterozygous region flanked by RM1–RM3746 and RM151–RM243 on the short arm of chromosome 1, respectively, but is homozygous in other regions. Two tightly linked QTLs, Gw1-1 and Gw1-2, with the same additive direction and similar effect on TGWT, were detected in the region of QTL qTGWT1-1 in population RIL-2. No QTL was detected in the population RIL-1. Four individual RHLs from the population RIL-2 carrying heterozygous segments flanked by RM151–RM10404, RM10381–RM243, RM10435–RM259 and RM10398–RM5359, respectively, were chosen to develop four F2 populations. Ten maternal homozygotes and 10 paternal homozygotes were selected from each of the four F2 populations derived from the four RHLs. The four sets of near isogenic lines (NILs) were grown for phenotyping of TGWT and delimitation of Gw1-1 and Gw1-2. Results showed that Gw1-1 and Gw1-2 were located in the intervals RM10376–RM10398 and RM10404–RM1344 which cover 392.9 and 308.5 kb regions, respectively. The enhancing alleles were from ZS97B at both loci, and no significant interactions were detected. Genetic dissection of Gw1-1 and Gw1-2 has laid a foundation for their cloning and molecular breeding of grain yield and quality in rice.
Leptin amplifies the feeding inhibition and neural activation arising from a gastric nutrient preload.

Leptin affects food intake by reducing meal size, suggesting that it may modulate the efficacy of within-meal satiety signals. To assess whether leptin would amplify the feeding inhibitory actions of a nutrient gastric preload, we compared liquid diet food intake and patterns of c-Fos activation in response to intraventricular leptin (3.5 μg), intragastric Ensure (10 ml over 10 min), or their combination. Leptin alone did not affect Ensure intake but significantly increased the suppression of intake produced by the intragastric preload. Within the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), leptin alone did not stimulate c-Fos but significantly elevated the number of c-Fos positive cells in response to intragastric Ensure at medial and rostral levels. Within the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), both leptin and the gastric load stimulated c-Fos expression, but the combination resulted in significantly greater number of c-Fos positive cells. These data demonstrate that leptin modulates the feeding inhibition produced by meal-related signals and suggest that this modulation occurs at the levels of the NTS and PVN.
Keynote: Google and privacy

Cyrill Osterwalder has been the privacy engineering lead at Google since 2010. His responsibilities at Google include ensuring that effective privacy controls are built into products and internal practices. Before Google, Cyrill was Vice President of the web application security division at Phion. Phion acquired the Web application security company Visonys in 2008 which Cyrill co-founded. Cyrill has a master's degree in computer science from ETH Zurich with a focus on information security and cryptography, as well as a minor degree in business administration.
The Logic of Change: Pushing the Boundaries of Insurgent Behavior Theory

Do resources matter? In the context of insurgent survival, the simple answer is “Yes”. Insurgents need resources to operate. When resources are threatened, survival is threatened. The argument that resources drive insurgent behavior dominates conflict studies literature. Since the 1980s, there has been a great deal of attention directed at the impact of natural resources on insurgents and the wider conduct and organization of conflict within countries. Some scholars link the scramble for resources and the development of organized crime networks to insurgents’ abuse of the local population.These scholars perceive the choices of insurgents in the context of individual incentives and the availability of easily looted resources. In this picture, insurgents fight largely for personal enrichment through loot they seize in war. Indeed, according to one US security analyst, insurgencies are shifting to commercial operations with the larger goal being the search for wealth.
Acoustic emission source modeling using a data-driven approach

Abstract The next generation of acoustics-based non-destructive evaluation for structural health monitoring applications will depend, among other reasons, on the capability to effectively characterize the transient stress wave effects related to acoustic emission (AE) generated due to activation of failure mechanisms in materials and structures. In this context, the forward problem of simulating AE is addressed herein by a combination of experimental, analytical and computational methods, which are used to form a data-driven finite element (FE) model for AE generation and associated transient elastic wave propagation. Acoustic emission is viewed for this purpose as part of the dynamic process of energy release caused by crack initiation. To this aim, full field experimental data obtained from crack initiation monitored by digital image correlation is used to construct a traction-separation law and to define damage initiation parameters. Subsequently, 3D FE simulations based on this law are performed using both a cohesive and an extended finite element modeling approach. To create a realistic computational AE source model, the transition between static and dynamic responses is evaluated. Numerically simulated AE signals from the dynamic response due to the onset of crack growth are analyzed in the context of the inverse problem of source identification and demonstrate the effects of material and geometry in crack-induced wave propagation.
An object oriented approach to the description and simulation of watershed scale hydrologic processes

An object-oriented design (OOD) approach is used to describe watershed scale hydrologic processes. Individual objects (or processes) at multiple levels are described using the 'inheritance' concept, while the interactions of objects (or processes) are described using the 'aggregation' concept. This design methodology is applied to create the new watershed based hydrological model OBJTOP (OBJect oriented, TOPographic based model). In OBJTOP, the watershed (top level object) is composed of five sub-objects: precipitation, evapotranspiration, vegetation, soil and channel. These objects are further subdivided, such as soil into four sub-objects: surface, and root, unsaturated and saturated zones. Each sub-object, designed using the inheritance concept, has its own distinct attributes and behaviors and works independently to represent different individual processes such as soil processes, channel processes, etc. The sub-objects, designed using the aggregation principle, are interconnected and interact with each other within the higher level objects and thus constitute the hydrological process simulation. OBJTOP presents a description of hydrologic processes in a direct and concise manner. OBJTOP's model structure should benefit model coding, maintenance, and future modification efforts, and therefore the program design strategies should be of interest to other program designers.
Modeling of fluid flow and heat transfer in the plasma region of the dc electric arc furnace

A mathematical model describing the transport processes in the plasma arc in dc electric arc furnaces has been developed. The equations of conservation of mass, momentum, and energy are solved numerically in conjunction with Maxwell's equations of the electromagnetic field to calculate the velocity and temperature distributions in the plasma region. The heat transfer from the arc to a rigid anode surface is calculated. The model is applied to obtain quantitative results on the relative importance of the various modes of heat transfer from the electric arc to the anode surface. Computational results were obtained for varying arc current magnitudes and anode-cathode distances. The model predicts higher arc jet velocity and a broader arc core at higher arc current. The shorter arc length is more efficient for transferring heat to the anode.
The number of designs with geometric parameters grows exponentially

It is well-known that the number of 2-designs with the parameters of a classical point-hyperplane design PG n-1(n, q) grows exponentially. Here we extend this result to the number of 2-designs with the parameters of PG d (n, q), where 2 ? d ? n ? 1. We also establish a characterization of the classical geometric designs in terms of hyperplanes and, in the special case d = 2, also in terms of lines. Finally, we shall discuss some interesting configurations of hyperplanes arising in designs with geometric parameters.
Extensive air showers with TeV-scale quantum gravity

One of the possible consequences of the existence of extra degrees of freedom beyond the electroweak scale is the increase of neutrino-nucleon cross sections ({sigma}{sub {nu}N}) beyond standard model predictions. At ultrahigh energies this may allow the existence of neutrino-initiated extensive air showers. In this paper, we examine the most relevant observables of such showers. Our analysis indicates that the future Pierre Auger Observatory could be potentially powerful in probing models with large compact dimensions.
Effects of In-House Composting of Litter on Bacterial Levels

SUMMARY Placing 1-d-old chicks on used litter may lead to unexpected health problems due to high bacteriological counts. Composting litter between flocks is one possible method of decreasing bacteriological counts. At the end of two 7-wk broiler growouts, in-house composting of pine shaving litter was performed, and bacterial counts were taken. In the first trial, composted pine shavings attained an internal temperature of 55°C that lasted for 40 h. After the initial temperature gain,thecompostedlittermaintainedasteadytemperatureof35°C.Aerobicandanaerobicbacterial counts were lower in composted vs. uncomposted litter. Moisture content was lower in the uncomposted pile than the compost pile. Water activity was higher in the composted pile than in the uncomposted litter. Among the 8 treatments in the second trial, litter that was composted, wetted, and covered achieved the highest internal temperatures of >50°C, which was sustained until trial termination (7 d). The other treatments did not achieve a temperature increase of this magnitude and, if not wetted, the observed temperature increase lasted <24 h. In litter that had been composted for 1 wk, moisture content was lower regardless of treatment. Water activity was highest in treatments that had water added and that were not covered. Composted, covered, not wetted pine shavings produced the lowest aerobic and anaerobic bacterial counts. The results of these 2 trials show that in-house composting of pine shaving litter can reduce bacterial counts, especially when the compost pile is covered.
Diffraction coefficients for a slot-excited conical antenna

First-order diffraction coefficients for a slot-excited conical antenna are calculated, beginning with integral expressions for the radiation field. Simple formulas based on these coefficients are presented for the radiation patterns that correctly reproduce the interference structure as well as predict the magnitude of the field down to quite low frequencies. Plots of the diffraction coefficients are given for both symmetric and asymmetric excitation of a circumferential slot. Radiation fields are compared with those obtained by summing the exact normal mode series.
Teaching a Class Dedicated to the College Fed Challenge Competition

There are many regional and national academic competitions that allow teams of students from colleges and universities to compete against one another. We examine the benefits to students, instructors, and schools of participating in a college-level academic competition conducted in conjunction with enrollment in a class geared toward preparing students for the competition. We use our experience of teaching such a course as an example. Anecdotal evidence suggests worthwhile results: motivated, engaged students working to achieve a common objective, a student centered learning environment, external validation of the quality of the school’s students, positive external publicity, and a rewarding experience for instructors.
Retrospective accounts of recurrent parental physical abuse as a predictor of adult laboratory‐induced aggression

Child abuse has been frequently associated with adult aggression in its many forms. The Point Subtraction Aggression Paradigm (PSAP) is a popular laboratory-based procedure derived from the retaliatory responses of participants engaged in a monetary-reinforced computer game. PSAP responses have been found to discriminate between participants with and without violent, antisocial, substance abuse, and even contact-sport athletic histories. The present study provided an initial test of the sensitivity of the PSAP and the Overt Aggression Scale (OAS) in discriminating between college students (n = 28) with and without reported histories of recurrent physical abuse as defined by incidents of being pushed, shoved, struck, punched, or threatened with physical violence by a parent more than once every six weeks over 15 years of upbringing. PSAP responses were substantially higher (d = 2.1) among participants reporting histories of recurrent parental physical abuse, with 46% (as opposed to 0% for controls) of these individuals generating PSAP responses in excess of 400 (average found for violent parolees). Group differences on the OAS were also considerable (gt 1 SD). Larger factorial designs examining relationships between a range of developmental variables (e.g., domestic abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, parental divorce, family climate, etc.) and adult PSAP responding may help advance present knowledge regarding the impact of childhood adversity on psychological development.
Performance optimal processor throttling under thermal constraints

We derive analytically, the performance optimal throttling curve for a processor under thermal constraints for a given task sequence. We found that keeping the chip temperature constant requires an exponential speed curve. Earlier works that propose constant throttling only keep the package/case temperature constant, and are hence suboptimal. We develop high-level thermal and power models that are simple enough for analysis, yet account for important effects like the power-density variation across a chip (hotspots), leakage dependence on temperature (LDT), and differing thermal characteristics of the silicon die and the thermal solution. We use a piecewise-linear approximation for the exponential leakage dependence on temperature, and devise a method to remove the circular dependency between leakage power and temperature. To solve the multi-task speed control problem, we first solve analytically, the single task problem with a constraint on the final package temperature using optimal control theory. We then find the optimum final package temperature of each task by dynamic programming. We compared the total execution time of several randomly generated task sequences using the optimal control policy against a constant speed throttling policy, and found significantly smaller total execution times. We compared the thermal profiles predicted by the proposed high-level thermal model to that of the Hotspot thermal model, and found them to be in good agreement.
Decontamination of mycotoxin-containing foods and feedstuffs

Abstract Foods contaminated with fungal toxins (mycotoxins) pose a health risk to both humans and animals. Various techniques have been devised to remove, destroy or suppress the toxicity of the mycotoxins once contamination has occurred. These techniques include physical removal of the contaminated portions of the foodstuff; treatment with heat, chemicals or radiation in order to convert the toxins into relatively innocuous compounds; or the addition of adjuvants to suppress or otherwise mask the ill effects of the toxins.
Multivector Fluorescence Analysis of the xpt Guanine Riboswitch Aptamer Domain and the Conformational Role of Guanine

Purine riboswitches are RNA regulatory elements that control purine metabolism in response to intracellular concentrations of the purine ligands. Conformational changes of the guanine riboswitch aptamer domain induced by guanine binding lead to transcriptional regulation of genes involved in guanine biosynthesis. The guanine riboswitch aptamer domain has three RNA helices designated P1, P2, and P3. An overall model for the Mg2+- and guanine-dependent relative orientations and dynamics of P1, P2, and P3 has not been reported, and the conformational role of guanine under physiologically relevant conditions has not been fully elucidated. In this study, an ensemble and single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) study was performed on three orthogonally labeled variants of the xpt guanine riboswitch aptamer domain. The combined FRET data support a model in which the unfolded state of the aptamer domain has a highly dynamic P2 helix that switches rapidly between two orientations relative to n...
A study on assimilating potential vorticity data

The correlation that exists between the potential vorticity (PV) field and the distribution ofchemical tracers such as ozone suggests the possibility of using tracer observations as proxyPV data in atmospheric data assimilation systems. Especially in the stratosphere, there areplentiful tracer observations but a general lack of reliable wind observations, and the correlationis most pronounced. The issue investigated in this study is how model dynamics would respondto the assimilation of PV data. First, numerical experiments of identical-twin type were conductedwith a simple univariate nuding algorithm and a global shallow water model based onPV and divergence (PV-D model). All model fields are successfully reconstructed through theinsertion of complete PV data alone if an appropriate value for the nudging coefficient is used.A simple linear analysis suggests that slow modes are recovered rapidly, at a rate nearly independentof spatial scale. In a more realistic experiment, appropriately scaled total ozone datafrom the NIMBUS-7 TOMS instrument were assimilated as proxy PV data into the PV-Dmodel over a 10-day period. The resulting model PV field matches the observed total ozonefield relatively well on large spatial scales, and the PV, geopotential and divergence fields aredynamically consistent. These results indicate the potential usefulness that tracer observations,as proxy PV data, may offer in a data assimilation system. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0870.1998.t01-2-00008.x
Bringing Palliative Care to the Surgical Intensive Care Unit

Death within 30 days of a surgicalprocedure is monitored nationally.This places additional external pres-sure on the surgical team and rein-forces a perception of death asfailure. It can also discourage open-ness to a more collaborative modelof palliative care.Critical care nurses often cite aneed for improved end-of-life care.In a study by Poncet et al,
Management Practices and State Bond Ratings

One of the central claims of public administration is that management matters for the performance of public entities. Quantifying the impact of organizational management is thus central to the empirical evaluation of this claim. Utilizing novel features of the Government Performance Project (GPP), we assess the impact of state-level management practices on the credit quality of US states. The central challenge—that both the GPP data and bond ratings take the form of ordinal grades—suggests a common solution utilizing multiple indicators of a latent construct (management capacity and credit quality) with appropriate measurement models. After describing the characteristics of the measurement approach, we derive management capacity scores from the GPP data and credit quality scores using bond ratings from the three rating agencies. These derived scores then allow us to test linkages between credit quality of the US states and broad aspects of their relative management capacity. On the whole, we show that financial management capacity influences credit quality, while the evidence is less clear that other forms of management capacity matter.
Farther than you may think: an empirical investigation of the proximity of users to their mobile phones

Implicit in much research and application development for mobile phones is the assumption that the mobile phone is a suitable proxy for its owner's location. We report an in-depth empirical investigation of this assumption in which we measured proximity of the phone to its owner over several weeks of continual observation. Our findings, summarizing results over 16 different subjects of a variety of ages and occupations, establish baseline statistics for the proximity relationship in a typical US metropolitan market. Supplemental interviews help us to establish reasons why the phone and owner are separated, leading to guidelines for developing mobile phone applications that can be smart with respect to the proximity assumption. We show it is possible to predict the proximity relationship with 86% confidence using simple parameters of the phone, such as current cell ID, current date and time, signal status, charger status and ring/vibrate mode.
Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability, Neutrophil Accumulation and Vascular Adhesion Molecule Expression after Controlled Cortical Impact in Rats: A Preliminary Study

Previous studies in our laboratory have shown that controlled cortical impact (CCI) produces an acute inflammatory response in rat brain, including neutrophil accumulation and upregulation of cell adhesion molecules. The purpose of this study was to compare the time course of acute inflammation to blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown after (CCI) in rats. Methods: Male Wistar rats (n = 4−7/group) were subjected to CCI (2.5 mm depth, 4 m/s) and injected with Evans-blue dye (2%, 5 ml/kg) at 30 min. 3.5 h, 7.5 h, or 23.5 h after trauma. 30 min after dye injection rats were saline-perfused. BBB permeability was measured by spectrophotometric quantitation of Evans-blue in injured brain. Alternate cryostat sections from the anterior segment of the injured hemisphere were analyzed immunohistochemically for neutrophils (MoAb RP-3 vs rat neutrophils) or E-selectin (MoAb vs E-selectin). Neutrophils and E-se;ectin-positive blood vessels were quantitated by light microscopy in 100x cortical and hippocampal fields. Results and Conclusions: BBB breakdown was maximal early after CCI, whereas maximum E-selectin upregulation (8 h) and neutrophil accumulation (24 h) occurved later. Events other than acute inflammation initiate BBB permeability after CCI. Acute inflammation may contribute to BBB permeability at 4 h to 24 h after CCI.
Heat Dosage and Oviposition Depth Influence Egg Mortality of Two Common Rangeland Grasshopper Species

Abstract Rangeland fire is a common naturally occurring event and management tool, with the amount and structure of biomass controlling transfer of heat belowground. Temperatures that grasshopper eggs are exposed to during rangeland fires are mediated by species-specific oviposition traits. This experiment examined egg mortality in two slant-faced grasshopper species with differing oviposition traits, namely Aulocara elliotti (Thomas) and Opeia obscura (Thomas). We hypothesized that A. elliotti egg mortality would increase with fire intensity because the shallow egg location below the soil surface would result in exposure to higher temperatures, and that the deeper O. obscura eggs would not be affected by fire intensity. Fire intensity did not significantly affect the mortality of O. obscura eggs, with very low mortality in all treatments. Fire intensity significantly affected mortality of A. elliotti eggs, which are laid in shallow egg pods with the midpoint of the egg clutch at a depth of ∼ 0.825 cm. Au...
Application of distributed computing to batch plant design and scheduling

In designing and scheduling batch plants, engineers strive to choose the ones that maximize economic benefits, subject to constraints imposed by process physics and market demands. Even for relatively small design projects and for experienced engineers, the number of practical alternatives is combinatorially explosive. The formalism of mathematical programming provides a convenient way of organizing alternatives and a rigorous justification of choices. Mathematical modeling of these design problems yields large mixed integer linear programs (MILPs). Thus, the effective use of optimization techniques to formalize the design process relies on the ability to solve large models. Distributed computing can be utilized effectively in the solution of MILPs modeling practical design and scheduling problems. This work demonstrates how large MILPs can be solved using a distributed computing platform. The viability of the distributed computing approach is illustrated by presenting results for problems derived from industrial design case studies.
Clustering short time series gene expression data

Motivation: Time series expression experiments are used to study a wide range of biological systems. More than 80% of all time series expression datasets are short (8 time points or fewer). These datasets present unique challenges. On account of the large number of genes profiled (often tens of thousands) and the small number of time points many patterns are expected to arise at random. Most clustering algorithms are unable to distinguish between real and random patterns. Results: We present an algorithm specifically designed for clustering short time series expression data. Our algorithm works by assigning genes to a predefined set of model profiles that capture the potential distinct patterns that can be expected from the experiment. We discuss how to obtain such a set of profiles and how to determine the significance of each of these profiles. Significant profiles are retained for further analysis and can be combined to form clusters. We tested our method on both simulated and real biological data. Using immune response data we show that our algorithm can correctly detect the temporal profile of relevant functional categories. Using Gene Ontology analysis we show that our algorithm outperforms both general clustering algorithms and algorithms designed specifically for clustering time series gene expression data. Availability: Information on obtaining a Java implementation with a graphical user interface (GUI) is available from http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~jernst/st/ Contact: jernst@cs.cmu.edu Supplementary information: Available at http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~jernst/st/
Form and Functions of ‘Slut Bashing’ in Male Identity Constructions in15-Year-Olds

In this article I discuss an excerpt from a group discussion between five 15-year-old boys who, in the presence of an adult moderator, engaged in the act of ‘slut bashing’ while telling a minimal stor
Olduvai termination: detailed palaeomagnetic analysis of a north central Pacific core

SUMMARY A high-resolution record of the termination of the Olduvai (normal to reverse) subchron (1.77 Myr) polarity transition was obtained from a fully azimuthally oriented deep-sea sediment piston core, recovered at a northern mid-latitude site (37"22.4'N, 179O36.l'W). The N-R Olduvai reversal was 'continuously' sampled at 3 to 5 mm intervals across 130 cm of section. This 'continuous' sampling was achieved by staggering the 1 cc plastic boxes incrementally, so that offset segments corresponding to sampling windows of 3 to 5 mm were obtained. The reversal is well defined, and at least 10 truly intermediate directions have been recorded, displaying a definite directional change of MOO, with a pronounced decrease in intensity of magnetization. The decrease of magnetization and the directional change coincide closely. The inclination record during the transition is characterized by a brief steepening trend early in the reversal passing through high positive values, followed by a gradual shallowing trend, this time passing through the horizontal. From this point on, the inclinations show a final settling about the reversed polarity mean. This record is characterized by full normal and reverse polarity directions which are in good agreement (f2") with those predicted by the geocentric axial dipole field model for the core site latitude. The estimated duration of the directional change was about 10 OOO yr whereas that of the intensity decrease was between 12 OOO and 16 OOO yr. Anhysteretic Remanent Magnetization (ARM) studies and thermomagnetic analyses indicate that a uniform magnetic mineralogy characterizes the transition zone of the core. This further suggests that the J10/ARM70 ratio may represent a relative palaeointensity estimate and may thus indicate a decrease of the intensity of the geomagnetic field during the reversal. The virtual geomagnetic pole (VGP) path of the record is far-sided. Directions in projected (D', 1') space indicate that the N-R Olduvai reversal transition field geometry had contributions from both non-axisymmetric and axisymmetric terms. The results based on this single record show that: (1) The palaeofield at this locality during the Olduvai transition was characterized by contributions from both zonal and non-zonal terms but the contribution of non-zonal quadrupolar terms was predominant. This is in contrast to the observation by Herrero-Bervera et al. (1991), based on four deep-sea records in which the VGPs show general confinement within the longitude band of the Americas and their antipode, that the transitional field may be dominated by a dipolar component. (2) The field intensity dropped to about 22 per cent of its initial or final recovered value during the transition. It stayed at or close to this minimum for approximately half or less of the overall intensity change.
Household Debt and Adult Depressive Symptoms

This study uses data from waves 1 (1987-1989) and 2 (1992-1994) of the National Survey of Families and Households in the United States and a series of standard ordinary least squares (OLS) regressions and OLS regressions with individual-specific fixed effects to estimate associations of particular types and levels of debt with adult depressive symptoms. Results suggest that household debt is positively associated with greater depressive symptoms. However, this association is driven by short-term (unsecured) debt; we find little evidence of associations with depressive symptoms for mid- or long-term debt. The link between short-term debt and depression is generally robust to alternative specifications of our models, including whether debt is defined in absolute or relative terms. Furthermore, these associations are particularly concentrated among 51 to 64 year old adults and those with a high school education or less. These findings suggest that short-term debt may have an adverse influence on psychological wellbeing, particularly for those who are less educated or are approaching retirement age.
Microspectroscopic investigation of the membrane clogging during the sterile filtration of the growth media for mammalian cell culture

Growth media for mammalian cell culture are very complex mixtures of several dozens of ingredients, and thus the preparation of qualified media is critical to viable cell density and final product titers. For liquid media prepared from powdered ingredients, sterile filtration is required prior to use to safeguard the cell culture process. Recently one batch of our prepared media failed to pass through the sterile filtration due to the membrane clogging. In this study, we report the root cause analysis of the failed sterile filtration based on the investigations of both the fouling media and the clogged membranes with multiple microspectroscopic techniques. Cellular particles or fragments were identified in the fouling media and on the surfaces of the clogged membranes, which were presumably introduced to the media from the bacterial contamination. This study demonstrated that microspectroscopic techniques may be used to rapidly identify both microbial particles and inorganic precipitates in the cell culture media.
Significado del método matemático para la teoría de la política económica

El punto de partida de cualquier consideracion sobre tipos de cambio especiales para transacciones de activos es la alta movilidad del capital. Los mercados de activos estan entrelazados internacionalmente. Los vinculos, por la presencia de riesgo y de rendimientos ajustados por expectativas, pueden ser limitantes y manifestarse rapidamente. Restringen severamente el alcance de la estrategia economica que se plantean los gobiernos. A menos que las politicas gubernamentales permitan a los tenedores de activos obtener la tasa internacional de rendimiento, la compra de estos bienes traspasara las fronteras nacionales y provocara uno de tres fenomenos: si el tipo de cambio es fijo, las reservas se agotaran; si el tipo de cambio es flexible, este subira hasta que los rendimientos internos esten en consonancia con los externos y, por ultimo, si hay la amenaza de cualquiera de esos dos fenomenos, la politica economica respondera a las exigencias de los mercados de activos mas que a los grandes objetivos de los gobiernos.
Memristive Behavior and Ideal Memristor of 1T Phase MoS2 Nanosheets

Memristor, which had been predicted a long time ago (Chua, L. O. IEEE Trans. Circuit Theory 1971, 18, 507), was recently invented (Strukov, D. B.; et al. Nature 2008, 453, 80). The introduction of a memristor is expected to open a new era for nonvolatile memory storage, neuromorphic computing, digital logic, and analog circuit. Furthermore, several breakthroughs were made for memristive phenomena and transistors with single-layer MoS2 (Sangwan, V. K.; et al. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2015, 10, 403. van der Zande, A. M.; et al. Nat. Mater. 2013, 12, 554. Liu, H.; et al. ACS Nano 2014, 8, 1031. Bessonov, A. A.; et al. Nat. Mater. 2015, 14, 199. Yuan, J.; et al. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2015, 10, 389). Herein, we demonstrate that 2H phase of bulk MoS2 possessed an ohmic feature, whereas 1T phase of exfoliated MoS2 nanosheets exhibited a unique memristive behavior due to voltage-dependent resistance change. Furthermore, an ideal odd-symmetric memristor with odd-symmetric I–V characteristics was successfully fabricated by th...
The Prosecution's Use of Social Science Expert Testimony in Child Sexual Abuse Cases

Six different categories of social science expert testimony presented by the prosecution regarding behaviors of child sexual abuse victims are described and analyzed in relation to national case law trends. Problems with the admissibility of several forms of such testimony are discussed in terms of legal requirements for expert testimony, prior knowledge of the issues held by jurors, reliability of the social science research regarding child sexual abuse, and the prejudicial impact on jurors. Finally, recommendations are made to limit the use of most forms of testimony (except rehabilitative testimony), conduct further research on certain issues, and convene a multi-disciplinary symposium and publish, in a reputable journal, papers from the symposium that analyze the issues, explore areas of consensus, and suggest future directions in this area.
The Primality of Ramanujan's Tau-Function

(1965). The Primality of Ramanujan's Tau-Function. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 72, No. sup2, pp. 15-18.
The effect of “complete circulatory block” on the concentration of venous blood.

ConclusionsStudies were carried out on venous bloods obtained from limbs in which the circulation was cut off for periods of 2 to 5 minutes by means of a sphygomomanometer cuff. Such bloods were studied for their cell volume, oxygen capacity, and plasma proteins. Control Moods were obtained from the opposite limb where no compression was made.No changes in the constituents studied were observed in cases where “complete compression” was used and we are forced to conclude that short periods of so called “complete block” do not produce a shift of water either from or to the tissues.The practical application of the above is emphasized.
A new characterization of the proportional rule for claims problems

For the problem of adjudicating conflicting claims, we develop a new proof of an important result due to Young (1995), a characterization of the proportional rule, rather, we prove a dual characterization of this rule. Our axioms are composition down, which states the equivalence of two ways of dealing with possible decreases in the amount to divide, and self-duality, according to which, for each problem, a rule divides what is available symmetrically to the way it divides what is missing, that is, the difference between the sum of the claims and the endowment, in the dual problem.
Severe Cutaneous Reactions among American Travelers Using Pyrimethamine-Sulfadoxine (Fansidar®) for Malaria Prophylaxis

Abstract In 1982, the fixed combination of pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine (Fansidar®) became available in the United States, and was recommended for use in travelers at risk of acquiring chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum. Prior to that time, no reports of severe cutaneous reactions had appeared in the medical literature despite widespread use for more than 8 years in both Europe and malarious areas of the developing world. In the fall of 1984, the Centers for Disease Control received reports of 4 cases of toxic epidermal necrolysis (including 3 fatalities) among Americans who had used pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine (PYR/SDX) for the prevention of malaria. Subsequent investigation into severe cutaneous reactions associated with the use of this drug by American travelers detected 24 cases of erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, or toxic epidermal necrolysis. Twenty-three of the 24 patients concurrently used chloroquine. Seven patients died. No risk factors in the development of these reactions other than the use of PYR/SDX could be identified. Among American travelers, we estimate that these reactions occur in 1 per 5,000–8,000 users, and that fatal reactions occur in 1 per 11,000–25,000 users. This higher than expected incidence necessitates that the use of PYR/SDX for the prevention of malaria be reconsidered. In the United States it is now recommended that the routine weekly use of the drug be reserved for those travelers at highest risk of acquiring chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum, when alternate prophylactic regimens are not deemed appropriate.
Cost-Effective Use of NSAIDs: Issues Pertinent to Coxib Use in Managed Care

The gastrointestinal toxicity of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is well established. The management of patients requiring NSAID therapy has been revolutionized by the cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitors (coxibs), equally efficacious agents that significantly reduce GI complications. The safety advantage of coxibs comes at the expense of higher drug acquisition costs. To make informed decisions regarding the "value" of these added expenditures, a careful analysis of the clinical and economic impact of these new agents is warranted. This article focuses on the issues pertinent to healthcare payers as they evaluate the coxibs, and provides a review of the studies that calculate the cost-effectiveness of these innovative drugs in a number of patient populations and health systems.
AHP Models with Sub-criteria

In many situations, it is necessary to add sub-criteria to one or more of the original criteria. The process is very straightforward as it will be shown here.
Frequency band utilization enhancement for chipless RFID tag through place value encoding

Radio frequency identification (RFID) chipless tag is presented that achieves a high code density per frequency by encoding place values for time specific applications. In comparison with previous work that encodes the complete identification number, the proposed encoding scheme shows an increase in code density per frequency by almost 200%. The chipless tag is excited using linearly polarized plane wave and Radar Cross Section (RCS) vs. frequency in the 7–8.2 GHz band is analyzed.
Adsorption of silica colloids onto like-charged silica surfaces of different roughness

Abstract Particle adsorption was explored in a model optical polishing system, consisting of silica colloids and like-charged silica surfaces. The adsorption was monitored in situ under various suspension conditions, in the absence of surfactants or organic modifiers, using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D). Changes in surface coverage with particle concentration, particle size, pH, ionic strength and ionic composition were quantified by QCM-D and further characterized ex situ by atomic force microscopy (AFM). A Monte Carlo model was used to describe the kinetics of particle deposition and provide insights on scaling with particle concentration. Transitions from near-zero adsorption to measurable adsorption were compared with equilibrium predictions made using the Deraguin-Verwey-Landau-Overbeek (DLVO) theory. In addition, the impact of silica surface roughness on the propensity for particle adsorption was studied on various spatial scale lengths by intentionally roughening the QCM sensor surface using polishing methods. It was found that a change in silica surface roughness at the AFM scale from 1.3 nm root-mean-square (rms) to 2.7 nm rms resulted in an increase in silica particle adsorption of 3-fold for 50-nm diameter particles and 1.3-fold for 100-nm diameter particles—far exceeding adsorption observed by altering suspension conditions alone, potentially because roughness at the proper scale reduces the total separation distance between particle and surface.
Primary Waldesntrom Macroglobulinemia Cells Harbor Constitutive Activation of Akt, mTOR, Rictor and Raptor: Rational for Testing a Dual Inhibitor of the PI3K/Akt and mTOR Pathways in This Disease.

Abstract 3843 Poster Board III-779 Background The PI3K/Akt and mTOR pathways play a pivotal role in the initiation and progression of malignancies, enhancing cell survival by stimulating cell proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis. Therefore, it is critical to examine therapeutic agents that explicitly target this pathway, specifically in tumors that harbor activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway, such as Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM). Methods Primary-CD19+ bone marrow-derived WM cells, -bone marrow stromal cells, WM and IgM secreting low-grade lymphoma cell lines (BCWM.1, MEC1, RL), and primary normal CD19+ peripheral blood-derived (CD19+ PB)cells were used. Gene-expression and microRNA profiling have been performed on primary WM cells, as compared to CD19+ PB cells. Cytotoxicity, DNA synthesis, cell cycle and apoptosis were measured by thymidine uptake, MTT, PI staining, and Apo2.7/flow cytometry analysis, respectively. Cell signaling and apoptotic pathways were delineated by Western Blot and immunofluorescence analysis. In vivo homing has been assessed by in vivo flow cytometry. Results Primary bone-marrow derived WM cells are characterized by lower expression of PTEN gene and protein; higher expression of pospho(p)-Akt, p-mTOR, rictor and raptor, as compared to their normal cellular counterpart (CD19+ PB cells). We also observed that microRNA-542-3p and -494 are more highly expressed in primary WM cells as compared to normal CD19+ PB cells (P in vitro kinase activity was also inhibited by NVP-BEZ235 treatment. In addition, NVP-BEZ235 inhibited both rictor and raptor, thus abrogating the rictor-induced Akt phosphorylation in WM cells. NVP-BEZ235 also induced significant cytotoxicity in WM cells in a caspase-dependent and -independent manner, through targeting the forkhead box transcription factors. Finally, NVP-BEZ235 targeted WM cells in the context of bone marrow microenvironment evidenced by significant inhibition of migration, adhesion in vitro and homing in vivo . Conclusion These studies therefore show that dual targeting of the PI3K/mTOR pathway represents a promising therapy for tumors that harbor activation of the PI3K/mTOR signaling cascade such as WM. Disclosures: Ghobrial: Millennium : Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau.