cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A robust approach for tree segmentation in deciduous forests using small-footprint airborne LiDAR data

Abstract This paper presents a non-parametric approach for segmenting trees from airborne LiDAR data in deciduous forests. Based on the LiDAR point cloud, the approach collects crown information such as steepness and height on-the-fly to delineate crown boundaries, and most importantly, does not require a priori assumptions of crown shape and size. The approach segments trees iteratively starting from the tallest within a given area to the smallest until all trees have been segmented. To evaluate its performance, the approach was applied to the University of Kentucky Robinson Forest, a deciduous closed-canopy forest with complex terrain and vegetation conditions. The approach identified 94% of dominant and co-dominant trees with a false detection rate of 13%. About 62% of intermediate, overtopped, and dead trees were also detected with a false detection rate of 15%. The overall segmentation accuracy was 77%. Correlations of the segmentation scores of the proposed approach with local terrain and stand metrics was not significant, which is likely an indication of the robustness of the approach as results are not sensitive to the differences in terrain and stand structures.
Implementation of Pharmacogenetic Testing Within the Veterans Health Administration From 2011 to 2013.

ABSTRACTWe assessed implementation of precision medicine within the Veterans Health Administration. We analyzed the use of interleukin-28B (IL28B) pharmacogenetic test, which predicts interferon-α treatment response in patients with hepatitis C. Patients with favorable CC genotype exhibit a two-fold higher response than patients with less favorable genotypes (CT and TT). Linking IL28B tests to Veterans Health Administration clinical data, we analyzed test use, concordance with guidelines, subsequent interferon-α treatment, and site variations. From January 2011 until December 2013, 3,529 Veterans underwent IL28B testing. There were 2,988 (85%) tests linked to electronic health record data. Demographics in those with clinical data: 97% male, mean age 59 years (SD 6.8), race: White 50%, Black 43%, Hispanic 3%, and other 3%. In Whites, the favorable CC genotype was three-fold more prevalent (541, 36%) than in Blacks (151, 12%). Analysis of IL28B timing revealed 2,373 (79%) Veterans were appropriately tested ...
Autonomous homing and docking for AUVs using Range-Only Localization and Light Beacons

Abstract: This paper proposes a method for homing and docking an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) to a subsea Docking station (DS) by combining acoustic and optical sensing. The AUV is assumed to be within acoustic ranging distance to the DS, whose location is otherwise unknown a priori . The homing and docking procedure comprises two stages. In the first stage, a Sum of Gaussian (SoG) filter is used to estimate the DS location while the AUV is guided along an observable trajectory. Once the DS position becomes known, the vehicle performs a homing maneuver to bring it within visual reach of the DS. In the second stage, a light beacon navigation system is used to estimate the DS pose with respect to the AUV. Visual information is used to update to a Simultaneous Localization And Mapping (SLAM) filter providing an AUV-pose estimate with the accuracy required for the docking maneuver. The feasibility and performance of the method is evaluated through Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation. The novelty and impact of the proposed approach lies in the complementarity of the two sensing modalities, which have not been yet demonstrated for AUV docking.
Predictive modeling based on multivariate random forests

This chapter discusses the extension of random forest-based approaches to incorporate multivariate output responses. Traditional random forest-based approaches infer a predictive model for each drug individually, but relationships between different drug sensitivities suggest that multiple response prediction incorporating the dependency structure of the different drug responses can possibly improve the prediction accuracy. Thus we consider the development of Multivariate Random Forests that incorporates the relationships between different drug sensitivities using covariance matrices and copulas.
EBP Algorithm Can Work with Hard Limiters

The most important requirement for application of the error back-propagation (EBP) algorithm in multilayerd feed-forward artificial neural network (ANN) is that the neuron’s activation function is a nonlinear, smooth and (sometime even nondecreasing) differentiable function. This is not valid anymore. This paper shows why and how simple treshold logic unit (TLU), or signum function, can be used instead of sigmoidal (or other different differentiable) activation function. The introduction of TLU is based on the understanding that the hidden layer is feeding the output layer with linearly separable patterns from its image space. To better understand the motivation for using TLU in multilayerd ANN and what is, actually, the hidden layer doing while facing nonseparable patterns of data, we use the famous XOR problem which, being two dimensional, can be explained in a graphical way, [3]. Thus, it is very important to realize that the output layer deals with linearly separable patterns, or that this layer is not separating data from input space but rather from internal, “invisible” representation or from, so called, image space and patterns in this space are separable.
The Association Between Maternal Early Life Forced Sexual Intercourse and Offspring Birth Weight: The Role of Socioeconomic Status

Abstract Background: This study utilizes a life-course framework to investigate whether maternal early life forced sexual intercourse operates in conjunction with health behaviors during adolescence, young adulthood, and the prenatal period to influence offspring birth weight. Methods: Using data from the 1994–2009 National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), we examined whether early life forced sexual intercourse predicted offspring birth weight through a mediated pathway, including depressive symptoms, substance use, and prenatal cigarette smoking. We stratify our analysis by socioeconomic status (SES) to determine whether the proposed pathways operate similarly, or differently, according to SES. Results: Our findings suggest that the pathways through which forced sexual intercourse affects offspring birth weight differ by SES. Among middle-to-high SES women, we found a mediated pathway linking forced sexual intercourse to offspring birth weight with prenatal cigarette smoking predict...
Staged endovascular and surgical treatment of a hemorrhagic colorectal venous malformation

Abstract Congenital venous malformations of the intraperitoneum and pelvis are rare but significant causes of unremitting gastrointestinal bleeding and chronic anemia. Treatment options vary depending on the location of lesion and extent of involvement. Herein, we present a rare case of an extensive, contiguous colorectal venous malformation complicated by lifelong, refractory hematochezia and anemia.
Entertaining Genius: U.S. Media Representations of Exceptional Intelligence

It is well-established in the academic literature that mass media perpetuate narrow, often inaccurate depictions of social groups and that media representations influence public perceptions of these groups. Relatively little is known about how exceptional intelligence is portrayed in mass media, or how such portrayals may influence shared understandings of what it means to be highly intelligent. Drawing on arguments from symbolic interactionism, social constructionism, and media effects research, this study examines representations of fictional characters in U.S. television and film that are portrayed as exceptionally intelligent. Data were gathered from a qualitative content analysis of 20 “genius” characters in U.S. television and film. Findings reveal common characteristics of these fictional characters, indicate links between those characteristics and patterns of social power in the U.S., and contribute to discussions about the complex relationship between culture and mass media.
Current and Emerging Instruments and Energy

Technological advancements and innovative techniques in endoscopic surgery have permitted peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM), first described by Ortega [1] in 1980 and first performed on humans by Inoue in 2008 [2], to become a more widely adopted and utilized technique in the treatment for esophageal motility disorders. The endoscopic technique and technology utilized for POEM were developed from the principles of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), first described in 1988 as a nonoperative approach for the treatment of early gastric cancer [3]. The technique and equipment used for ESD have evolved continuously in this time. Similarly, device and instrument advancements have already been seen with POEM, and they are expected to continue with further adoption of POEM and other surgical endoscopic procedures. This chapter will highlight the current and emerging instruments and energy sources utilized for safe and efficient performance of POEM based on existing experiences.
Conformational Smear Characterization and Binning of Single-Molecule Conductance Measurements for Enhanced Molecular Recognition.

Electronic conduction or charge transport through single molecules depends primarily on molecular structure and anchoring groups and forms the basis for a wide range of studies from molecular electronics to DNA sequencing. Several high-throughput nanoelectronic methods such as mechanical break junctions, nanopores, conductive atomic force microscopy, scanning tunneling break junctions, and static nanoscale electrodes are often used for measuring single-molecule conductance. In these measurements, “smearing” due to conformational changes and other entropic factors leads to large variances in the observed molecular conductance, especially in individual measurements. Here, we show a method for characterizing smear in single-molecule conductance measurements and demonstrate how binning measurements according to smear can significantly enhance the use of individual conductance measurements for molecular recognition. Using quantum point contact measurements on single nucleotides within DNA macromolecules, we de...
Treatment of Breast Cancer During Pregnancy

Breast cancer during pregnancy (BCP) is an increasingly recognized entity as women delay the onset of childbearing. This review outlines multi-disciplinary approaches to the management of BCP which attempt to provide effective cancer therapy for the BCP patient, while balancing the safety of the developing fetus. Surgery may be utilized in all trimesters of pregnancy, and immediate breast reconstruction as well as sentinel lymph node biopsy is feasible. Most standard breast cancer chemotherapy can be initiated after the first trimester; however, certain treatments, including radiation, anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 therapies, and hormonal therapies, should be delayed during pregnancy. Iatrogenic pre-term delivery should be avoided when possible, as it may increase complications associated with prematurity. Data from recent large observational studies support the use of many standard breast cancer treatment paradigms in the BCP population. However, compromises and delays may arise, requiring individualization of treatment for each BCP patient. Additional research is needed to evaluate the impact of treatment delays, as well as the safety and efficacy of targeted therapies in the BCP population.
Breast cancer survivor testimonies: Effects of narrative and emotional valence on affect and cognition

This study examined the impact of narrative and emotion on processing of African American breast cancer survivor messages. We employed a two (narrative: present/absent) × three (emotional valence: ...
Optical computing on silicon-on-insulator-based photonic integrated circuits

The advancement of photonic integrated circuits (PICs) brings the possibility to accomplish on-chip optical interconnects and computations. Optical computing, as a promising alternative to traditional CMOS computing, has great potential advantages of ultra-high speed and low-power in information processing and communications. In this paper, we survey the current research efforts on optical computing demonstrated on silicon-on-insulator-based PICs. The advantages, limitations, and possible research directions for further investigation are discussed.
Structural studies on ruthenium carbonyl hydrides. X. Crystal structure of (μ-H)Ru3(CO)10(μ-SEt)

The complex (μ-H)Ru3(CO)10(μ-SEt) crystallizes in the centrosymmetric orthorhombic space group Pbca (No. 61) with a 17.361(2), b 12.804(4), c 17.484(3) A, V 3886.5(14) A3 and Z = 8. Diffraction data (Mo-Kα, 2θ = 4.0-45.0°) were collected with a Syntex P21 automated diffractometer and the structure was solved and refined to R 5.9% for 1800 reflections with |Fo| > 3σ(| Fo|) (R4.1% for those 1413 reflections with |F0| > 6σ(|F0|)). The complex contains a triangular cluster of ruthenium atoms in which Ru(2) and Ru(3) are each linked to three terminal carbonyl ligands while Ru(1) is linked to four. Additionally Ru(2) and Ru(3) are bridged by a SEt ligand [Ru(2)S 2.389(4), Ru(3)S 2.391(4) A and Ru(2)SRu(3) 73.0(1)°] and a hydride ligand. The di-bridged RuRu linkage (Ru(2)Ru(3) 2.843(1) A is slightly longer than the non-bridged bonds (Ru(1)-Ru(2) 2.831(2) and Ru(1)Ru(3) 2.825(1) A).
Outcomes of the Latarjet Procedure Compared With Bankart Repair for Recurrent Traumatic Anterior Shoulder Instability.

Reference/Citation: An VV, Sivakumar BS, Phan K, Trantalis J. A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical and patient-reported outcomes following two procedures for recurrent traumatic anter...
Evaluation of a Comprehensive Oral Health Services Program in School-Based Health Centers.

Objectives In 2011, the Maternal and Child Health Bureau, within the Health Resources and Services Administration, awarded a 4-year grant to increase access to and assure the delivery of quality oral health preventive and restorative services to children. The grant was awarded to organizations serving high-need communities through school-based health centers (SBHCs). This article describes an independent evaluation investigating program efficacy, integration, and sustainability. Methods Program process and outcomes data were gathered from interim and final reports. Interviews with key informants were conducted by phone, and analyzed in NVivo qualitative software. Results Students had great need for comprehensive services: on average, 45% had dental caries at enrollment. Enrollment increased from 5000 to more than 9700, and the percent receiving preventive services increased from 58 to 88%. Results of the analytically weighted linear regression show statistically significant increases in the proportion of enrollees who had their teeth cleaned in the past year (t(4) = 5.19, β = 8.85, p < 0.05) and those receiving overall preventive services (t(4) = 13.52, β = 10.93, p < 0.01). Grantees integrated into existing programs using clear, consistent, and open communication. Grantees sustained the full suite of services beyond the grant period by increasing billing and insurance claims while still offering free and reduced-cost services to those uninsured or otherwise unable to pay. Conclusions for Practice This project demonstrates that access to comprehensive oral health care for children can be expanded through SBHCs. State Title V Block Grant and other similar federal initiatives can learn from the strategic approaches used to overcome challenges in the school-based environment.
The Privacy Paradox of Adolescent Online Safety: A Matter of Risk Prevention or Risk Resilience?

By taking a more “teen-centric” instead of a “parent-centric” approach to adolescent online safety, researchers and designers can help teens foster a stronger sense of personal agency for self-regulating their own online behaviors and managing online risks. Technology should support teens in their developmental goals, including information seeking, learning about rules and boundaries, and maintaining social relationships, in addition to keeping them safe from online risks. However, this goal will only be accomplished once we listen more intently to teens as end users.
Labscapes: Naturalizing the Lab:

La force du laboratoire reside principalement dans le fait qu'il soit separe de la nature, uniforme, et que le savoir produit dans ces lieux de recherche, soit ainsi universellement reconnu et accepte. Ce precepte se verifie en particulier dans le domaine de la biologie. L'article s'interesse ici aux cas d'acclimatation des laboratoires, quand les scientifiques ont transporte la nature en interieur et deplace leurs laboratoires dans le milieu naturel qu'ils etudiaient...
Biomedical Data Sharing and Reuse: Attitudes and Practices of Clinical and Scientific Research Staff

Background Significant efforts are underway within the biomedical research community to encourage sharing and reuse of research data in order to enhance research reproducibility and enable scientific discovery. While some technological challenges do exist, many of the barriers to sharing and reuse are social in nature, arising from researchers’ concerns about and attitudes toward sharing their data. In addition, clinical and basic science researchers face their own unique sets of challenges to sharing data within their communities. This study investigates these differences in experiences with and perceptions about sharing data, as well as barriers to sharing among clinical and basic science researchers. Methods Clinical and basic science researchers in the Intramural Research Program at the National Institutes of Health were surveyed about their attitudes toward and experiences with sharing and reusing research data. Of 190 respondents to the survey, the 135 respondents who identified themselves as clinical or basic science researchers were included in this analysis. Odds ratio and Fisher’s exact tests were the primary methods to examine potential relationships between variables. Worst-case scenario sensitivity tests were conducted when necessary. Results and Discussion While most respondents considered data sharing and reuse important to their work, they generally rated their expertise as low. Sharing data directly with other researchers was common, but most respondents did not have experience with uploading data to a repository. A number of significant differences exist between the attitudes and practices of clinical and basic science researchers, including their motivations for sharing, their reasons for not sharing, and the amount of work required to prepare their data. Conclusions Even within the scope of biomedical research, addressing the unique concerns of diverse research communities is important to encouraging researchers to share and reuse data. Efforts at promoting data sharing and reuse should be aimed at solving not only technological problems, but also addressing researchers’ concerns about sharing their data. Given the varied practices of individual researchers and research communities, standardizing data practices like data citation and repository upload could make sharing and reuse easier.
Immunostaining analysis of tissue cultured cells and tissue sections using phospho-Histone H3 (Serine 10) antibody

Post-translational modifications of histones play an important role in regulation of gene expression through condensation and decondensation of chromatin structure. These modifications include acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation and ubiquitination. Phosphorylation on histones is associated with cellular responses such as DNA damage, transcription, chromatin compaction and mitosis or meiosis. One of the most extensively studied modifications of histones is the Serine 10 phosphorylation on histone H3 N-terminal tail. This specific phosphorylation on Histone H3 has been associated with condensation and transcriptional inactivation of mitotic chromosomes, but recent studies have suggested a role for this specific phosphorylation in chromatin relaxation and activation of transcription in interphase cells. Co-immunostaining analysis of cells using antibodies specific to serine 10P-Histone H3 together with those to cell cycle specific markers will allow us to determine the nature of phosphorylation in a cell cycle-specific manner. In a complex system, such as tissue specimens, analysis using P-Histone H3 and a cell type specific antibody will allow identification of specific cells that are affected by this histone modification. This is of particular interest in the field of cancer biology or neurobiology where identification or quantification of the transcriptionally active or mitotic cells will enable one to evaluate the progression of the disease development. The protocol described here provides details on how co-immunostaining and analysis can be performed in tissue cultured cells or tissue sections.
The use of physical restraints in nursing homes: pre- and post-Nursing Home Reform Act.

Abstract The purposes of this paper are: (1) to determine resident risk factors for the use of physical restraints since the implementation of the Nursing Home Reform Act (NHRA) of 1987,(2) compare these results with resident risk factors for the use of physical restraints prior to the implementation of the NHRA, and (3) to identify facility characteristics associated with the use of physical restraints. The data used are from 4,215 nursing home residents in 268 facilities who were evaluated using the Minimum Data Set (MDS) in six month periods in both 1990 and 1993. Results indicate that the NHRA may have been successful in reducing the use of physical restraints; however, it would appear to have had less impact on the types of residents who are restrained. It is also shown that the use of physical restraints is associated with facility characteristics.
Review, Motivation, and Theory

In this chapter, I present background information for the new ideas proposed in this book. Here, I provide the book’s context, motivations for the new framework, and information for the development of specific elements of the new theory. This is not meant to be viewed as comprehensive; rather, it should be viewed as support for the rest of the book. Readers seeking detailed background information should explore alternate sources. The background is organized into three subsections: the history of the cause characterized by SD; the current state of the earth; and the current state of SD-related thinking and practice. Motivations for new theoretical framework are discussed in the context of the current state of SD. I conclude this chapter with a succinct summary of the two building blocks of the book, the Bubble Theory and the concept of onerization. I provide a high level understanding of these theories before delving into specific details in later chapters of the book. The next three chapters in this book are organized based on the Bubble Theory, and onerization is discussed in the context of various aspects of the Bubble Theory.
In Defense of Racially and Culturally Non-Discriminatory Assessment.

(1979). In Defense of Racially and Culturally Non-Discriminatory Assessment. School Psychology Review: Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 89-115.
The photoisomerization of cis,trans-1,2-dideuterio-1,4-diphenyl-1,3-butadiene in solution. No bicycle-pedal

cis,trans-1,2-Dideuterio-1,4-diphenyl-1,3-butadiene (ct-DPBd2) was synthesized and its cis–trans photoisomerization in cyclohexane-d12 (C6D12) at room temperature was monitored by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The results reveal formation of only trans,trans-1,2-dideuterio-1,4-diphenyl-1,3-butadiene (tt-DPBd2). The failure to detect formation of trans,cis-1,2-dideuterio-1,4-diphenyl-1,3-butadiene (tc-DPBd2) eliminates the possibility that an identity bicycle pedal process contributes to inefficiency in the cis–trans photoisomerization of cis,trans-1,4-diphenyl-1,3-butadiene (ct-DPB).
Brain Region Specific Single-Molecule Fluorescence Imaging

We developed an approach utilizing nanoscale vesicles extracted from brain regions combined with single molecule imaging to monitor how an animal’s physiological condition regulates the dynamics of...
Transport through random bimodal and multimodal fiber structures

Abstract Random walk simulation results are reported for the transport and structural properties of random bimodal fibrous media for a range of values of the porosity, relative fiber size, and relative fiber density. Analytical expressions are derived for the mean intercept length of random bimodal and multimodal fiber structures, and are validated through simulations. A fiber dispersity factor emerges from the derivations, accounting for the deviation of the mean intercept length of such structures from that of unimodal fiber beds of the same porosity. Tortuosity factors in all diffusion regimes for in-plane and transverse flow through bimodal fibrous media of moderate or high porosity are practically independent of the relative fiber size and density and equal to those reported earlier for beds of unimodal fibers. The same holds for the formation factor of such structures, accounting for the dimensionless effective bulk diffusivity, thermal and electrical conductivity, magnetic permeability, dielectric constant and refractive index. The dimensionless viscous permeability of bimodal and multimodal fiber structures of moderate or high porosity may be obtained from that of unimodal fiber structures through simple multiplication by the square of the dispersity factor. This result is in line with a multitude of experimental data of the literature.
The Segregation of “Failures”: Unequal Schools and Disadvantaged Students in an Affluent Suburb

Previous research in middle-class school districts has focused on within-school segregation but not between-school segregation. Drawing on two years of ethnographic fieldwork and 122 in-depth inter...
Multi-modal Conditional Feature Enhancement for Facial Action Unit Recognition.

Current state-of-the-art methods in multi-modal fusion typically rely on generating a new shared representation space onto which multi-modal features are mapped for the goal of obtaining performance improvements by combining the individual modalities. Often, these heavily fine-tuned feature representations would have strong feature discriminability in their own spaces which may not be present in the fused subspace owing to the compression of information arising from multiple sources. To address this, we propose a new approach to fusion by enhancing the individual feature spaces through information exchange between the modalities. Essentially, domain adaptation is learnt by building a shared representation used for mutually enhancing each domain’s knowledge. In particular, the learning objective is modeled to modify the features with the overarching goal of improving the combined system performance. We apply our fusion method to the task of facial action unit (AU) recognition by learning to enhance the thermal and visible feature representations. We compare our approach to other recent fusion schemes and demonstrate its effectiveness on the MMSE dataset by outperforming previous techniques.
Tellurium as a successor of silicon for extremely scaled nanowires: a first-principles study

Trigonal-Tellurium (t-Te) has recently garnered interest in the nanoelectronics community because of its measured high hole mobility and low-temperature growth. However, a drawback of tellurium is its small bulk bandgap (0.33 eV), giving rise to large leakage currents in transistor prototypes. We analyze the increase of the electronic bandgap due to quantum confinement and compare the relative stability of various t-Te nanostructures (t-Te nanowires and layers of t-Te) using first-principles simulations. We found that small t-Te nanowires (≤4 nm2) and few-layer t-Te (≤3 layers) have bandgaps exceeding 1 eV, making Tellurium a very suitable channel material for extremely scaled transistors, a regime where comparably sized silicon has a bandgap that exceeds 4 eV. Through investigations of structural stability, we found that t-Te nanowires preferentially form instead of layers of t-Te since nanowires have a greater number of van der Waals (vdW) interactions between the t-Te-helices. We develop a simplified picture of structural stability relying only on the number of vdW interactions, enabling the prediction of the formation energy of any t-Te nanostructure. Our analysis shows that t-Te has distinct advantages over silicon in extremely scaled nanowire transistors in terms of bandgap and the t-Te vdW bonds form a natural nanowire termination, avoiding issues with passivation.
In older adults, some antidepressants were associated with increased fracture risk.

SOURCE CITATION Tamblyn R, Bates DW, Buckeridge DL, et al. Multinational investigation of fracture risk with antidepressant use by class, drug, and indication. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2020;68:1494-503. 32181493.
Surface Feature Recognition and Grasped Object Slip Prevention With a Liquid Metal Tactile Sensor for a Prosthetic Hand

There is a need to gather rich, real-time tactile information to enhance prosthetic hand performance during object manipulation. To that end, a highly stretchable liquid metal tactile sensor was designed, manufactured, and integrated into the fingertip of an i-limb Ultra prosthetic hand. With this novel tactile sensor, the feasibility of real-time slip detection and prevention of a grasped object was demonstrated. Furthermore, this liquid metal tactile sensor was used to distinguish between five different surface patterns with high accuracy using three different classification algorithms: K Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Random Forest (RF). The K-nearest neighbors (KNN) classifier produced the highest classification accuracy of 98% to distinguish between five different surface textures. Taken together, this novel prosthetic fingertip tactile sensor has the potential to improve grasp control and object manipulation operations for upper limb amputees. Additionally, this paper documents the first time that a liquid metal tactile sensor has been used to distinguish between different surface features, to the best knowledge of the authors.
Optimal Popularity-based Transmission Range Selection for D2D-supported Content Delivery

Considering device-to-device (D2D) wireless links as a virtual extension of 5G (and beyond) cellular networks to deliver popular contents has been proposed as an interesting approach to reduce energy consumption, congestion, and bandwidth usage at the network edge. In the scenario of multiple users in a region independently requesting some popular content, there is a major potential for energy consumption reduction exploiting D2D communications. In this scenario, we consider the problem of selecting the maximum allowed transmission range (or equivalently the maximum transmit power) for the D2D links that support the content delivery process. We show that, for a given maximum allowed D2D energy consumption, a considerable reduction of the cellular infrastructure energy consumption can be achieved by selecting the maximum D2D transmission range as a function of content class parameters such as popularity and delay-tolerance, compared to a uniform selection across different content classes. Specifically, we provide an analytical model that can be used to estimate the energy consumption (for small delay tolerance) and thus to set the optimal transmission range. We validate the model via simulations and study the energy gain that our approach allows to obtain. Our results show that the proposed approach to the maximum D2D transmission range selection allows a reduction of the overall energy consumption in the range of 30% to 55%, compared to a selection of the maximum D2D transmission range oblivious to popularity and delay tolerance.
Estrogen receptor binding and bioactivity of tamoxifen, active tamoxifen metabolites and their glucuronides

4804 Tamoxifen (TAM), (1-[4-(2-dimethylaminoethoxy)-phenyl]-1,2-diphenylbut-1-(Z)-ene), is a non-steroidal anti-estrogen that has been commonly used for the prevention and treatment of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. TAM and the active metabolites of TAM including 4-hydroxy-TAM and endoxifen are subjected to conjugation with glucuronic acid and excretion via the biliary system. Although the loss of anti-estrogenic activity of glucuronides of both 4-OH-TAM and endoxifen has been reported, studies examining the mechanism of this loss of activity have not been previously performed. In the present study, the estrogen receptor (ER) binding affinity for glucuronides of TAM and active TAM metabolites were determined by in vitro competitive binding assay and their anti-estrogenic properties were further evaluated by 17β-estradiol (E2)-induced MCF-7 cell proliferation as compared to their unconjugated counterparts. Both trans-4-OH-TAM and trans-endoxifen exhibited significantly higher relative binding affinity (RBA) for ER-alpha (RBA=195 and 158, respectively) than their respective cis isomers (RBA = 2.9 for cis-4-OH-TAM and 4.5 for cis-endoxifen; p
Out on a limb: novel morphology and position on appendages of two new genera and three new species of ectoparasitic isopods (Epicaridea: Dajidae) infesting isopod and decapod hosts

Adult female dajid isopods are ectoparasites found on carapaces, within marsupia, or rarely attached to the eyestalks or pereopods of crustacean hosts. We describe two new genera and species whose females exhibit a novel spheroid shape and envelope antennules of hosts: Akrophryxus milvus n. gen., n. sp. parasitizing Ethusa machaera Castro, 2005 (Madagascar, c. 900 m) and Telephryxus clypeus n. gen., n. sp. parasitizing Munidopsis crassa Smith, 1885 (Caribbean, c. 5000 m). Females of both species differ from other dajid species in their spheroid shape and a plate partially surrounding the host antennule; males are distinguished by reduction of pereopods. Females of A. milvus n. gen., n. sp. are distinguished from those of T. clypeus n. gen., n. sp. in possessing antennules and a triangular attachment plate with three holes (T. clypeus n. gen., n. sp. lacks antennules and the broad attachment plate has two medial holes). Males of A. milvus n. gen., n. sp. are distinguished from those of T. clypeus n. gen., n. sp. in having only six pairs of pereopods, rudimentary antennules, single segmented antennae, and pleon fused to pereomere 7 (T. clypeus n. gen., n. sp. with rudimentary seventh pair of pereopods, large single segmented antennules, two segmented antennae, and pleon distinct from pereomere 7). Pre-molt epicaridium larvae and cryptoniscus larvae of T. clypeus n. gen., n. sp. are described. We also describe Aegophila cappa n. sp. found on pereopods of the isopod Aegiochus symmetrica (Richardson, 1905) (Bering Sea, c. 650 m), distinguished from the type species of AegophilaBresciani, 1966 by oostegite morphology of the female, form of the antennae, and shape of the pleon of males. Tables with comparative characters for genera of Dajidae G. O. Sars, 1883 are provided. Dajid life cycles and development are reviewed.
Comparison of child and adult clinicians’ perceptions of barriers and facilitators to effective care transition

Among individuals with mental illness, transition-age youth (TAY; age 16–25) have the lowest rate of treatment-seeking and the highest rate of premature exiting from treatment, at the exact time wh...
Abstract IA-010: Deciphering DNA end resection at DSBs

Double stranded DNA break (DSB)s are repaired by two major mechanistically distinct pathways, homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). A decisive factor in the choice between DSB repair pathways is in the competition between DNA end protection (necessary for NHEJ) and DNA end resection (necessary for HR). As the ‘master regulator’ of DSB repair pathway choice, 53BP1, a chromatin-associated reader of epigenetic marks at DSBs, helps channel DSBs into the NHEJ pathway by restricting BRCA1-dependent end resection. 53BP1 nucleates the assembly of a higher order ensemble that includes the Shieldin complex, CST complex, and DNA polymerase (Pol) a-primase complex. Loss of BRCA1 provides a therapeutic opportunity as these tumors are exquisitely sensitive to inhibitors of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), and are also susceptible to platinum-based drugs. Loss of 53BP1 or any of the 53BP1-interacting proteins restores end resection and causes PARPi resistance in BRCA1-mutant tumors. We recently identified Dynein light chain like protein 1 (DYNLL1) as as anti-resection factor. Loss of DYNLL1 allowed DNA end resection and restored HR, thereby inducing resistance to platinum drugs and PARPi in BRCA1-mutant tumors. At the molecular level, DYNLL1 limited the nucleolytic resection of DNA ends by interacting with the resection machinery. Importantly, purified DYNLL1 interacted with MRE11 and inhibited its exonuclease activity in vitro. Now we observe that 53BP1 loss prevents DYNLL1 recruitment to DSBs and more broadly to chromatin. We hypothesize that 53BP1 inhibits MRE11-mediated DNA end resection by recruiting DYNLL1 and that DYNLL1 functions in parallel of Shieldin-CST to regulate DNA end resection and DSB repair pathway choice. We are investigating the crosstalk between the Shieldin-CST and DYNLL1-MRE11 arms of the 53BP1-dependent anti-DNA end resection machinery. Citation Format: Dipanjan Chowdhury. Deciphering DNA end resection at DSBs [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on Radiation Science and Medicine; 2021 Mar 2-3. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2021;27(8_Suppl):Abstract nr IA-010.
Ignition and burning mechanisms of live spruce needles

Abstract Live foliage for some tree and shrub species can support flaming fire spread at much higher moisture content than dead fuel materials. However, the role of live fuels in forest fires has been controversial in the past decades. Although ignition and spread statistical data for live and dead fuels exist in the literature, a clear understanding of the fundamental difference in the burning behavior is missing. To illuminate the role of live fuel on forest fire spreading, a laboratory ignition experiment was designed to examine the burning behavior of live Norway spruce needles. A Schlieren-Infrared combined measurement apparatus was developed with a spatial resolution of 0.75 mm and a time resolution of 0.0025 s, to visualize/measure the ignition behavior of live fuels. Schlieren and IR images revealed that the ejection of live fuel volatiles can alter the flame direction and induce previously unaccounted heating of the nearby fuel. Depending on the conditions, these interferences could heat and modify the heat flux received by the adjacent fuels. To analyze each of these outcomes, a scaling analysis using the law approach was performed. First, theoretical equations were developed and validated against a set of previously published experimental data. After the characteristic equations were verified, we used them to assess the volatile ejection phenomenon. We found that adjacent fuels were preheated by hot volatiles ejected from the heated live needle, and direct flame contact ignited the adjacent fuels. Our IR experiments confirmed the outcomes of the scaling analysis. The rapid ejection of volatiles was also found to propel burning needles far from the burning branch, resulting in micro-spotting.
Active Optical Fiber Sensors Enabled By Femtosecond Laser Induced Nano-Scattering Centers

Intrinsic Fabry-Perot cavity was induced in SMF-28e+ optical fiber using a femtosecond laser. In-fiber light scattered from laser-induced nanograting were used to heat fiber sensors for active sensing applications.
Nuclear Acceptor Sites: Interaction with Estrogen-Versus Antiestrogen-Receptor Complexes

Although it is generally accepted that an interaction between steroid hormone receptors and nuclear acceptor sites is necessary for steroid induction of gene expression, the components of specific nuclear acceptor sites are still being investigated. There have been numerous models for steroid receptor interaction with target cell nuclear components, such as binding to nuclear membranes, RNA, nuclear matrix, DNA sequences and acceptor protein-DNA complexes. None of these models are mutually exclusive of one another.
Tropical simultaneous nadir observations for IR sounder evaluation and comparison

Simultaneous Nadir Observations (SNOs) contain thousands of pairs of observations taken within 8 km and 10 minutes. SNOs have been very useful for comparisons in polar conditions. But classic SNO pairing criteria have very low yield in the tropics, making these SNOs less useful for investigating instrument performance for hotter scenes or scenes with high contrast. We introduce a modified methodology, which finds pairs of matched spectra in a wider angular range but is restricted to the tropics. We illustrate this with AIRS and CrIS data. Insight into instrument differences is gained from statistical distributions of the residual differences between the matched pairs. A sample analysis compares AIRS and CrIS brightness temperature at 900 cm-1 as function of scene brightness temperature. The proposed method may be applicable to matchups of other sensors on different spacecraft.
Dracula Meets Wolfman: Acceptance vs. Partial Belief

One of the things I’d like to see come out of this conference is a clarification of the issues between Isaac Levi and me.1 I take it that Levi’s scruples about partial belief and probability kinematics are not idiosyncratic, nor are my scruples about his work on acceptance, so that the matter may be of general interest. When Dracula meets Wolfman in the movies it is not simply I-and-thou: They gibber and slaver for all vampires and all werewolves everywhere. So let it be with us.
Ursolic Acid Inhibits Cyclooxygenase-2 Transcription in Human Mammary Epithelial Cells

We investigated the effects of ursolic acid, a chemopreventive agent, on the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-treated human mammary and oral epithelial cells. Treatment with ursolic acid suppressed PMA-mediated induction of COX-2 protein and synthesis of prostaglandin E2. Ursolic acid also suppressed the induction of COX-2 mRNA by PMA. Nuclear run-offs revealed increased rates of COX-2 transcription after treatment with PMA, an effect that was inhibited by ursolic acid. Transient transfections indicated that the effects of PMA were mediated by a cyclic AMP response element in the COX-2 promoter. Ursolic acid inhibited PMA-mediated activation of protein kinase C, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases. Treatment with PMA increased activator protein-1 activity and the binding of c-Jun to the cyclic AMP response element of the COX-2 promoter, effects that were blocked by ursolic acid. These data are important for understanding the anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties of ursolic acid.
A macromodel compaction scheme for the fast simulation of large linear mesh circuits

Analysis of large linear mesh circuits is critical in modern IC extraction and verification tools due to the complex 3-D effects associated with parasitic coupling through interconnects and the chip substrate. The limited availability of computer resources, however, is a major obstacle in the fast and accurate analysis of such circuits. This paper introduces a technique that divides the mesh into a number of partitions, develops macromodels of each partition using a compaction technique and then combines them in a nested fashion to determine a macromodel for the original mesh circuit, which can then be used in simulation. This method makes much better use of CPU time and memory and allows for the fast analysis of extremely large meshes.
A dictionary-based multi-corpora text compression system

Summary form only given. StarZip, a multi-copora text compression system, was introduced together with its transform engine StarNT. One of the key features of the StarZip compression system is to develop domain specific dictionaries and provide tools to develop such dictionaries. StarNT was utilized because it achieves a superior compression ratio than almost all the other recent efforts based on BWT and PPM. StarNT is a dictionary-based fast lossless text transform. The main idea is to record each English word with a representation of no more than three symbols. This transform maintains most of the original context information at the word level and provides an "artificial" strong context. It ultimately reduces the size of the transformed text that, in turn, is provided to a backend compressor. This data structure provides a very fast transform encoding with a low storage overhead. StarNT also treats the transformed codewords as an offset of words in the transform dictionary. The time complexity for searching a word in the dictionary is achieved in the transform decoder. Experimental results have shown that the average compression time has improved by orders magnitude compared to previous dictionary-based transform LIPT. The complexity and compression performance of bzip2, in conjunction with this transform, is better than both gzip and PPMD. Results from five copora have shown that StarZip achieved an average improvement in compression performance (in terms of BPC) of 13% over bzip2-9, 19% over gzip-9, and 10% over PPMD.
Synchronization of Locally Coupled Neural Oscillators

A new method of controlling Fitzhugh-Nagumo (F-N) neural oscillators, Fitzhugh [1], with local coupling is presented. It is proved that through the use of an additive closed-loop controlling action that entrains each neural oscillator to a ‘goal‘ behavior, necessary and sufficient conditions for the occurrence of synchronization in networks of unidirectionally self-connected neural oscillators are obtained in terms of asymptotic stability. These conditions suggest that rapid global synchronization can be achieved using sufficiently strong local inhibitory connections.
Minor and trace sterols in marine invertebrates: VI. Occurrence and possible origins of sterols possessing unusually short hydrocarbon side chains

Abstract Sterols with biosynthetically unusually short side chains (fewer than eight carbon atoms expected for primary squalene cyclization products) have been identified in the extracts of numerous marine invertebrates. The structures of the short side chain and conventional side chain sterols have been determined for various species of Porifera and Coelenterata. Sterol structures were determined by comparison of their mass spectra and gas chromatographic retention times with those of authentic or synthetic samples. Evidence is presented supporting the natural occurrence of these compounds in the tissues of the marine invertebrates as opposed to formation by degradative processes during sample handling or laboratory work-up. The short side chain sterols were found to possess predominantly the androst-5-en-3β-ol nucleus with C-17 alkyl side chains ranging from zero to six carbon atoms. Concentrations of short side chain sterols range from trace levels to over 5% of the sterol mixture in various species. The possible origins of these short side chain sterols are evaluated in the light of current knowledge of sterol function, biosynthesis, dealkylation, microbial degradation, and autoxidation. Known sterol autoxidations are reviewed, and possible singlet oxygen and free radical mechanisms of sterol side chain autoxidation (at physiological temperatures) which may lead to sterols with shortened hydrocarbon side chain are suggested. The possible autoxidative generation of short side chain sterols from known marine sterols by the suggested mechanisms is evaluated through application of the REACT computer program. Predicted short side chains are tabulated for each parent marine sterol side chain and then compared with the compositions of the actual sterols found in the marine extracts examined. The possible natural environmental or in vivo autoxidative formation of the short side chain marine sterols is supported by these evaluations.