cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
XMM-Newton Observation of Solar Wind Charge Exchange Emission

We present an XMM-Newton spectrum of diffuse X-ray emission from within the solar system. The spectrum is dominated by O VII and O VIII lines at 0.57 keV and 0.65 keV, O VIII (and possibly Fe XVII) lines at approximately 0.8 keV, Ne IX lines at approximately 0.92 keV, and Mg XI lines at approximately 1.35 keV. This spectrum is consistent with what is expected from charge exchange emission between the highly ionized solar wind and either interstellar neutrals in the heliosphere or material from Earth's exosphere. The emission is clearly seen as a low-energy ( E less than 1.5 keV) spectral enhancement in one of a series of observations of the Hubble Deep Field North. The X-ray enhancement is concurrent with an enhancement in the solar wind measured by the ACE satellite. The solar wind enhancement reaches a flux level an order of magnitude more intense than typical fluxes at 1 AU, and has ion ratios with significantly enhanced higher ionization states. Whereas observations of the solar wind plasma made at a single point reflect only local conditions which may only be representative of solar wind properties with spatial scales ranging from less than half of an Earth radii (approximately 10 s) to 100 Earth radii, X-ray observations of solar wind charge exchange are remote sensing measurements which may provide observations which are significantly more global in character. Besides being of interest in its own right for studies of the solar system, this emission can have significant consequences for observations of more cosmological objects. It can provide emission lines at zero redshift which are of particular interest (e.g., O VII and O VIII) in studies of diffuse thermal emission, and which can therefore act as contamination in objects which cover the entire detector field of view. We propose the use of solar wind monitoring data, such as from the ACE and Wind spacecraft, as a diagnostic to screen for such possibilities.
Towards optimal effort distribution in process design under uncertainty, with application to education

In most application areas, we need to take care of several (reasonably independent) participants: we want to make sure that all the economic regions prosper, that all the geographic regions have healthy environment, that all the students learn all the needed knowledge and skills. The amount of resources is usually limited, so we face the problem of optimally distributing these resources between different objects. To solve the resulting optimisation problem, we need to know – for each participant i – the utility resulting from investing effort e in the participant. In practice, we only know this value with (interval) uncertainty. So, for each distribution of efforts, instead of a single value of the group utility, we only have an interval of possible values. To compare such intervals, we use Hurwicz optimism– pessimism criterion well justified in decision making. In this paper, we propose a solution to the resulting optimisation problems.
Computation of conservation laws for nonlinear lattices

An algorithm to compute polynomial conserved densities of polynomial nonlinear lattices is presented. The algorithm is implemented in Mathematica and can be used as an automated integrability test. With the code diffdens.m, conserved densities are obtained for several well-known lattice equations. For systems with parameters, the code allows one to determine the conditions on these parameters so that a sequence of conservation laws exist.
Conditions for sub-poissonian photon statistics in phase conjugated resonance fluorescence

Abstract Photon correlations and statistics of phase-conjugated resonance fluorescence of a two-state atom are considered. The Q -factor, as a function of the incident laser power, the detuning, the laser linewidth and the phase-conjugate reflectivity, have been calculated. It is shown that for small and large reflectivity the statistics is predominantly sub-poissonian. For unit reflectivity the statistics appears to be exactly poissonian ( Q = 0) for all values of the optical parameters.
Power at the Table: Food Fights and Happy Meals

In family meals the normative and the performative are very far apart—though everyone likes to think of the family table as a place of harmony and solidarity, it is often the scene for the exercise of power and authority, a place where conflict prevails. My interest in this topic was sparked by research on middle-class parents’ struggles with their “picky eater” children. Besides narrating the way the dinner table became battleground with their own children, many parents also recalled their own childhood family meals as painful and difficult. From this very narrow focus on family struggles, I expand the discussion to the larger question of why this topic is relatively ignored in social science, and I question the sources of the normative power of the family “happy meal.” The ideological emphasis on family dinners has displaced social responsibility from public institutions to private lives, and the construction of normative family performances is part of a process that constructs different family types as...
On the persistence of researchers in technological development

This paper examines several factors that might influence a researcher's likelihood of continuing with a particular avenue of research and development. Using the literature as a source of data to measure researcher contribution spans in the development of cochlear implants, specific hypotheses regarding the determinants of persistence are developed and empirically tested. The results not only provide the basis for developing a theory of researcher persistence, but also provide a means to track the emergence of technologies and shape their evolution. Copyright 1995 by Oxford University Press.
A Sieve Method for Consensus-Type Network Tomography

In the next approach, it is first noted that under the assumption of controllability and observability of the corresponding steered-and-observed network, the proposed procedure identifies a number of important features of the network using the spectrum of the graph Laplacian.
Human Activity Recognition - A Grand Challenge

Summary form only given. Motion is an important cue for the human visual system. Mobiles have fascinated children, Zeno (circa 500 B.C.) studied moving arrows to pose a paradox and Zeke is investigating the human brain devoted to the understanding of motion. In computer vision research, motion has played an important role for the past thirty years. A major goal of current computer vision research is to recognize and understand human motion, activities and continuous activity. Initially, we focused on tracking a single person; today we focus on tracking, recognizing and understanding interactions among several people, for example at an airport or at a subway station. Interpreting such a scene is complex, because similar configurations may have different contexts and meanings. In addition, occlusion and correspondence of body parts in an interaction present serious difficulties to understanding the activity. Prof. Aggarwal's interest in motion started with the study of motion of rigid planar objects and it gradually progressed to the study of human motion. The current work includes the study of interactions at the gross (blob) level and at the detailed (head, torso, arms and legs) level. The two levels present different problems in terms of observation and analysis. For blob level analysis, we use a modified Hough transform called the Temporal Spatio-Velocity transform to isolate pixels with similar velocity profiles. For the detailed-level analysis, we employ a multi-target, multi-assignment strategy to track blobs in consecutive frames. An event hierarchy consisting of pose, gesture, action and interaction is used to describe human-human interaction. A methodology is developed to describe the interaction at the semantic level. In addition, we are developing methodologies for understanding interactions of a person with objects including luggage, fences and other objects. The recognition of human activities will lead to a number of applications, including personal assistants, virtual reality, smart monitoring and surveillance systems, as well as motion analysis in sports, medicine and choreography. Professor Aggarwal will present analysis and results, and discuss the applications of the research.
Gas - phase recombination, grain neutralization and cosmic - ray ionization in diffuse gas

Atomic ions are mostly neutralized by small grains (or PAH molecules) in current theories of heating and cooling in cool diffuse clouds; in the main they do not recombine with free electrons. This alters the ionization balance by depressing n(H + ) and n(He + ) while carbon generally remains nearly fully once-ionized: charge exchange with atomic oxygen and formation of H 2 and OH also depress n(H + ) in partly molecular gas. Seemingly restrictive empirical limits on ζ H are relaxed and higher values for ζ H are favored in a wide range of circumstances, when grain neutralization is recognized. Maintenance of the proton density at levels needed to reproduce observations of HD requires ζ H ≥ 2 x 10 - 1 6 s - 1 , but such models naturally explain the presence of both HD and H + 3 in relatively tenuous H I clouds. In dense gas, a higher ionization rate can account for high observed fractions of atomic hydrogen, and recognition of the effects of grain neutralization can resolve a major paradox in the formation of sulfur-bearing compounds.
Liquidity and real activity in a simple open economy model

Abstract This paper analyzes the ability of an open-economy version of Lucas's (1990) liquidity model to account for properties of international data. The focus is on the model's ability to account for exchange rate dynamics and measured effects of monetary policy shocks on exchange rates, interest rates, and real activities across countries. The model generates a prediction that a positive domestic monetary innovation is associated with nominal and real currency depreciations. However, the model's predictions with respect to nominal and real exchange rate volatilities are low.
Quantum Phase Transitions and Event Horizons:. Condensed Matter Analogies

Although it has been generally believed that classical general relativity is always correct for macroscopic length scales, certain predictions such as event horizons and closed time-like curves are inconsistent with ordinary quantum mechanics. It has recently been pointed out that the event horizon problem can be resolved if space-time undergoes a quantum phase transition as one approaches the surface where general relativity predicts that the redshift becomes infinite. Indeed a thought experiment involving a superfluid with a critical point makes such a suggestion appear plausible. Furthermore the behavior of space-time near an event horizon may resemble quantum phase transitions that have been observed in the laboratory. For example, the phenomenology of metamagnetic quantum critical points in heavy fermion materials resembles the behavior expected, both in terms of time standing still and the behavior of quantum correlation functions. Martensitic transformations accompanied by non-adiabatic changes in the electronic wave function are also interesting in this connection.
Interstitial Thermoradiotherapy in Recurrent Gynecologic Malignancies

Abstract Twenty-one patients with recurrent gynecologic cancer in the pelvis treated with interstitial thermoradiotherapy are presented. All patients had previously received radical radiation to the pelvis. Hyperthermia to the volume of interest was delivered utilizing a modified Syed template using the needle guides as electrodes to resistively heat the tumor with radiofrequency current. This was followed by low-dose-rate irradiation delivering a mean dose of 2200 rads to the tumor volume. A complete response correlated significantly with survival prolongation ( P = 0.003, Wilcoxon's test). Nine patients demonstrated a partial response, eight patients achieved a sustained complete remission, and four patients had no response. Four patients developed fistulae. We conclude that interstitial thermoradiotherapy is a safe and effective, although still experimental, treatment for recurrent gynecologic cancer in the pelvis.
On the componentwise linearity and the minimal free resolution of a tetrahedral curve

Abstract A tetrahedral curve is an unmixed, usually nonreduced, one-dimensional subscheme of projective 3-space whose homogeneous ideal is the intersection of powers of the ideals of the six coordinate lines. The second and third authors have shown that these curves have very nice combinatorial properties, and they have made a careful study of the even liaison classes of these curves. We build on this work by showing that they are “almost always” componentwise linear, i.e., their homogeneous ideals have the property that for any d , the degree d component of the ideal generates a new ideal whose minimal free resolution is linear. The one type of exception is clearly spelled out and studied as well. The main technique is a careful study of the way that basic double linkage behaves on tetrahedral curves, and the connection to the tetrahedral curves that are minimal in their even liaison classes. With this preparation, we also describe the minimal free resolution of a tetrahedral curve, and in particular we show that in any fixed even liaison class there are only finitely many tetrahedral curves with linear resolution. Finally, we begin the study of the generic initial ideal (gin) of a tetrahedral curve. We produce the gin for arithmetically Cohen–Macaulay tetrahedral curves and for minimal arithmetically Buchsbaum tetrahedral curves, and we show how to obtain it for any nonminimal tetrahedral curve in terms of the gin of the minimal curve in that even liaison class.
Catalytic oxidation of odorous organic acids

Abstract Emissions of volatile organic acids is a significant problem in rural communities. So far no one has considered catalytic solutions to the problem but catalytic alternatives look quite reasonable. In this paper we present the results of the first study of the oxidation of a series of odorous organic acids on copper catalysts. We find that the organic acids are easily oxidized on commercial copper on alumina catalysts. Light-off temperatures vary from 180°C for n -butyric acid to 220°C for acetic acid. The rate of oxidation of acetic and i -butyric acid show simple power law dependence on the concentrations of the reactants. In contrast, the oxidation of n -butyric, i -valeric and n -valeric acids show rates which reach a maximum at intermediate oxygen concentrations. Analysis of the data indicates that the copper can exist in two different states: a more active and a less active state. These results provide the first evidence that catalytic processes are viable for emissions control in rural communities.
Limits to science or limits to epistemology

A recent spate of writings has argued that in a fundamental sense, science is reaching limits. The basic claims of this work is twofold. First, it is argued that for many areas of inquiry, notably physics, chemistry, and biology, science has provided an essentially accurate view of nature. The theories of evolution, relativity, and quantum mechanics are taken as primary examples of scientific success. Further advances on these successful theories about nature will be derivative of these existing broad theories. Second, it is argued that in those areas where scientific inquiry cannot claim great empirical successes, fundamental advances are impossible. Unverifiability may occur either because of the lack of distinct empirical predictions of the theories or because of the nonexistence of feasible experiments to allow discrimination. Cognitive and social sciences are often cited as examples of disciplines doomed to permanent failure. This paper argues that the claims about limits to science are essentially unpersuasive. First, I claim that there is no basis for concluding that a successful science is at the end of fundamental breakthroughs. Second, I argue that the claim that social science, as an example of a supposedly unsuccessful science, is incapable of producing successful models, is unsupported. Here, I focus on economics given my professional training, but the arguments apply more broadly. In short, it appears more plausible that there are fundamental barriers to our ability to identify bounds on science than that we have reached such barriers, so that it is the epistemology of science rather than science per se which may face fundamental limits
An Embedding Theorem for Pseudoconvex Domains in Banach Spaces

We show that a pseudoconvex open subset of a Banach space with an unconditional basis is biholomorphic to a closed direct submanifold of a Banach space with an unconditional basis.
Total synthesis of bidensyneosides A2 and C: remarkable protecting group effects in glycosylation

Bidensyneosides are a group of five recently identified polyacetylenic glucosides from Bidens parviflora WILLD, a traditional Chinese medicinal plant that contains rich bioactive natural products. It was shown that bidensyneosides inhibited both histamine release and nitric oxide production. The synthesis of bidensyneoside A2 (2) and C (4) as well as 3-deoxybidensyneoside C (5) are described. These syntheses establish a synthetic entry to the bidensyneosides and confirm the stereochemistry at C3. Furthermore, a remarkable protecting group effect on orthoester formation was observed during the glycosylation reaction.
Scale-oblivious metric fragmentation and the nonlinear Dvoretzky theorem

We introduce a randomized iterative fragmentation procedure for finite metric spaces, which is guaranteed to result in a polynomially large subset that is D-equivalent to an ultrametric, where D ∈ (2,∞) is a prescribed target distortion. Since this procedure works for D arbitrarily close to the nonlinear Dvoretzky phase transition at distortion 2, we thus obtain a much simpler probabilistic proof of the main result of [3], answering a question from [12], and yielding the best known bounds in the nonlinear Dvoretzky theorem. Our method utilizes a sequence of random scales at which a given metric space is fragmented. As in many previous randomized arguments in embedding theory, these scales are chosen irrespective of the geometry of the metric space in question. We show that our bounds are sharp if one utilizes such a “scale-oblivious” fragmentation procedure.
LOCALIZATION FOR ONE DIMENSIONAL, CONTINUUM, BERNOULLI-ANDERSON MODELS

We use scattering theoretic methods to prove strong dynamical and exponential localization for one dimensional, continuum, Anderson-type models with singular distributions; in particular the case of a Bernoulli dis- tribution is covered. The operators we consider model alloys composed of at least two distinct types of randomly dispersed atoms. Our main tools are the reflection and transmission coefficients for compactly supported single site perturbations of a periodic background which we use to verify the necessary hypotheses of multi-scale analysis. We show that non-reflectionless single sites lead to a discrete set of exceptional energies away from which localization occurs.
An optimizer's approach to stochastic control problems with nonclassical information structures

We present a general optimization-based framework for stochastic control problems with nonclassical information structures. We cast these problems equivalently as optimization problems on joint distributions. The resulting problems are necessarily nonconvex . Our approach to solving them is through convex relaxation . We solve the instance solved by Bansal and Basar (“Stochastic teams with nonclassical information revisited: When is an affine law optimal?”, IEEE Trans. Automatic Control , 1987) with a particular application of this approach that uses the data processing inequality for constructing the convex relaxation. Using certain $f$ -divergences, we obtain a new, larger set of inverse optimal cost functions for such problems. Insights are obtained on the relation between the structure of cost functions and of convex relaxations for inverse optimal control.
The Superstar Inventors and Entrepreneurs: How Were They Educated?

Observations, such as the many celebrated inventive entrepreneurs with minimal schooling, lead to the hypothesis that protracted and rigorous education can impede entrepreneurship. Systematic analysis of biographies of noted inventors and entrepreneurs appears not to support the hypothesis. We do find that with time, entrepreneurial and inventor education increases as technology grows more complex. However, we find at the same time that the educational attainment of inventors has grown more rapidly than that of entrepreneurs and the educational gap has tended to widen over time.
Factorization of multivariate positive Laurent polynomials

Recently Dritschel proved that any positive multivariate Laurent polynomial can be factorized into a sum of square magnitudes of polynomials. We first give another proof of the Dritschel theorem. Our proof is based on the univariate matrix Fejer-Riesz theorem. Then we discuss a computational method to find approximates of polynomial matrix factorization. Some numerical examples will be shown. Finally we discuss how to compute nonnegative Laurent polynomial factorizations in the multivariate setting.
Cartier isomorphism for toric varieties

In this paper I show that, just as in the smooth case, the Cartier operator induces an isomorphism on the Zariski-deRham complex of any toric variety.
Electron-Positron Pairs in Hot Accretion Flows and Thin Disk Coronae

We investigate equilibrium accretion flows dominated by e+e- pairs. We consider one- and two-temperature accretion disk coronae above a thin disk, as well as hot optically thin two-temperature accretion flows without an underlying thin disk; we model the latter in the framework of advection-dominated accretion flows (ADAFs). In all three cases we include equipartition magnetic fields. We confirm the previous result that the equilibrium density of pairs in two-temperature ADAFs is negligible and show that the inclusion of magnetic fields and the corresponding synchrotron cooling reduces the pair density even further. Similarly, we find that pairs are unimportant in two-temperature coronae. Even when the corona has significantly enhanced heating by direct transfer of viscous dissipation in the thin disk to the corona, the inefficient Coulomb coupling between protons and electrons acts as a bottleneck and prevents the high compactness required for pair-dominated solutions. Only in the case of a one-temperature corona model do we find pair-dominated thermal equilibria. These pair-dominated solutions occur over a limited range of optical depth and temperature.
Information-control aspects of sensor systems for intelligent robotics

In order to discuss sensor systems in intelligent robotics or manufacturing systems, it is necessary to classify tasks, controller requirements, as well as the information-control aspects. This paper classifies tasks as deterministic (principally driven by geometry considerations) and non-deterministic. The latter are the problems done by people requiring skill involving processes whose process models either do not exist or are poorly understood. Other non-deterministic tasks involve inspection or data interpretation. The process tasks require adaptive-learning type control systems and are rich in sensor needs. Automated inspection tasks can be implemented by Engineering-Based Expert systems with more modest sensor system requirements.
Relativistic Particle Dynamics

It is shown that an instant form of relativistic particle dynamics can be constructed which displays the symmetry properties inherently present in the point form. In this new instant form, interaction terms are introduced in the energy momentum four-vector of the system; physically this is more justifiable than the more customary method of having interaction terms appear in the energy and the three generators of the Lorentz group which give the three infinitesimal displacements in velocity.
Whatever Happened to Psychology as the Science of Behavior

Research on lower organisms by H. S. Jen- nings and Jacques Loeb, together with a positivistic ap- proach to a philosophy of science, contributed to early efforts to explain behavior as a subject matter in its own right rather than as the effect of internal processes, mental or neural. The experimental analysis of behavior was an example of such a program. Psychology has remained, however, primarily a search for internal determiners. Three obstacles in its path as a science of behavior-- humanistic psychology, the helping professions, and cog- nitive psychology--seem to explain why. Some of their unfortunate effects upon psychology as a science and as the basis of a technology are reviewed.
A Trust-Based Context-Aware Access Control Model for Web-Services

A key challenge in Web services security is the design of effective access control schemes that can adequately meet the unique security challenges posed by the Web services paradigm. Despite the recent advances in Web based access control approaches applicable to Web services, there remain issues that impede the development of effective access control models for Web services environment. Amongst them are the lack of context-aware models for access control, and reliance on identity or capability-based access control schemes. Additionally, the unique service access control features required in Web services technology are not captured in existing schemes. In this paper, we motivate the design of an access control scheme that addresses these issues, and propose an extended, trust-enhanced version of our XML-based Role Based Access Control (X-RBAC) framework that incorporates trust and context into access control. We outline the configuration mechanism needed to apply our model to the Web services environment, and provide a service access control specification. The paper presents an example service access policy composed using our framework, and also describes the implementation architecture for the system.
Simultaneous graph embedding with bends and circular arcs

A simultaneous embedding of two vertex-labeled planar graphs on n vertices is possible if there exists a labeled point set of size n such that each of the graphs can be realized on that point set without crossings. We demonstrate how to simultaneously embed a path and an n-level planar graph and how to use radial embeddings for curvilinear simultaneous embeddings of a path and an outerplanar graph. We also show how to use star-shaped levels to find 2-bends per path edge simultaneous embeddings of a path and an outerplanar graph. All embedding algorithms run in O(n) time.
PRIME DECOMPOSITION OF KNOTS IN LORENZ-LIKE TEMPLATES

In [8] R.F. Williams showed that all knots in the Lorenz template are prime. His proof included the cases where any number of positive twists were added to one of the template’s branches. However [8] does give an example of a composite knot in a template with a single negative twist. Below we will show that in all the negative cases composite knots do exist, and give a mechanism for producing many examples. This problem was cited in a list of problems in dynamics in [1, problem 4.2].
1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium 3,5-dinitro-1,2,4-triazolate: a novel ionic liquid containing a rigid, planar energetic anion

The novel ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium 3,5-dinitro-1,2,4-triazolate has been synthesized and exhibits an unexpectedly low melting point (35 °C) considering the size and shape of the rigid, planar anion; analogous tetraalkylammonium salts (methyl, ethyl and n-butyl) have also been prepared and the tetraethylammonium example was characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction.
Control, salud y bienestar

In synthesis, despite the fact that in some circumstances, the need or exaggerated perception of control is counterproductive for adaptation and psychological growth, the general acceptance is that, at least in moderate degree, perceived control and real one are benefits for people and a valuable resource to face difficulties in life. Therefore, individuals, groups and nations feel free to seek their own destinies and not victims of circumstance. Individuals and peoples who have control are capable to shape and transform the circumstances, those who build a better future. Therefore, targeted preventive and palliative goals, mental health professionals we should promote the development and optimization of a control that have been moderate and flexible as nutrient growth and psychological and individualis biopsychosocial well-being which can include their community too. The paper addresses the meaning of control, the development of real and perceived control, the relationship between control, health and disease control, welfare and psychopathology, renouncing attempts to control, and control and cognitive-behavioral therapy.
Toroidal compactification without vector structure

Many important ideas about string duality that appear in conventional T2 compactification have analogs for T2 compactification without vector structure. We analyze some of these issues and show, in particular, how orientifold planes associated with Sp(n) gauge groups can arise from T-duality and how they can be interpreted in F-theory. We also, in an appendix, resolve a longstanding puzzle concerning the computation of Tr (−1)F in four-dimensional supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory with gauge group SO(n).
Monodentate Non-C2-symmetric Chiral N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes for Enantioselective Synthesis. Cu-Catalyzed Conjugate Additions of Aryl- and Alkenylsilylfluorides to Cyclic Enones

A new class of enantioselective conjugate addition (ECA) reactions that involve aryl- or alkenylsilyl fluoride reagents and are catalyzed by chiral non-C2-symmetric Cu-based N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes are disclosed. Transformations have been designed based on the principle that a catalytically active chiral NHC−Cu−aryl or NHC−Cu−alkenyl complex can be accessed from reaction of a Cu−halide precursor with in situ-generated aryl- or alkenyltetrafluorosilicate. Reactions proceed in the presence of 1.5 equiv of the aryl- or alkenylsilane reagents and 1.5 equiv of tris(dimethylamino)sulfonium difluorotrimethylsilicate (TASF). Desired products are isolated in 63−97% yield and 73.5:26.5−98.5:1.5 enantiomeric ratio (47%−97% ee). A major focus of the present studies is the design, evaluation, and development of new chiral imidazolinium salts and their derived NHC−Cu complexes as catalysts that promote reactions of various carbosilanes to a range of electrophilic substrates. Toward this end, nearly 20 ne...
Foresight of technological determinants and primary energy resources of future economic long waves

The purpose of this paper is to conjecture the possible technological determinants underpinning future economic long waves. The foresight is based on prominent forecasting studies of scholars and a leading British company. This research assumes that converging nano-bio-info-cogno technologies are the foundation of 5th and 6th Kondratieff waves, whereas the future technological revolution that may underpin the 7th economic long wave is assumed to be Faster-Than-Light (FTL) Technologies. The positive effects of these next technological revolutions on worldwide economic system are a high increase in productivity, employment rate, consumption and economic growth that lead to longer, happier and healthier living as well as general well-being.
Land-atmosphere coupling manifested in warm-season observations on the U.S. southern great plains

This study examines several observational aspects of land-atmosphere coupling on daily average time scales during warm seasons of the years 1997 to 2008 at the Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program's Southern Great Plains (SGP) Central Facility site near Lamont, Oklahoma. Characteristics of the local land-atmosphere coupling are inferred by analyzing the covariability of selected land and atmospheric variables that include precipitation and soil moisture, surface air temperature, relative humidity, radiant and turbulent fluxes, as well as low-level cloud base height and fractional coverage. For both the energetic and hydrological aspects of this coupling, it is found that large-scale atmospheric forcings predominate, with local feedbacks of the land on the atmosphere being comparatively small much of the time. The relatively weak land feedbacks are manifested especially by (1) the inability of soil moisture to comprehensively impact the coupled land-atmosphere energetics and (2) the limited recycling of local surface moisture under conditions where most of the rainfall derives from convective cells that originate at remote locations. There is some evidence, nevertheless, that the local land feedback becomes stronger as the soil dries out in the aftermath of precipitation events, or on days when the local boundary layer clouds are influenced by thermal updrafts associated with convection that originates at the surface. Potential implications of these results for climate-model representation of regional land-atmosphere coupling also are discussed.
Historical perspectives on living anionic polymerization

A brief overview of the role that Dr. Michael Szwarc has played in unraveling the mechanism of living anionic polymerization is presented. Emphasis is placed on the different ionic species that control the propagation reaction in ether-type solvents.
Six time- and frequency- selective empirical channel models for vehicular wireless LANs

Three vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) models and three roadside-to-vehicle (RTV) models, each suitable for RF channel emulation and based on measurements at 5.9 GHz, are presented. Each model captures the joint Doppler-delay characteristics of a different environment. The packet error rate (PER) for each model, measured with an emulator and an 802.11p wireless access in vehicular environments (WAVE) prototype, is presented.
Knowledge management in new product teams: practices and outcomes

This paper explores the critical practices impacting a new product team's ability to learn and succeed. By investigating the practices of 281 new product teams from around the world, several factors emerged that impact a team's ability to acquire and use knowledge to reduce cycle time and improve their probability of success. The significant factors include: (1) documentation of project information, (2) storage and retrieval systems for project information, (3) information reviewing practices, (4) vision clarity, (5) vision stability, and (6) management support of the project.
Standard solar models and the uncertainties in predicted capture rates of solar neutrinos

caused by a specified uncertainty in any of the parameters is evaluated with the aid of a series of standard solar models that were constructed for this purpose; the results are expressed in terms of the logarithmic partial derivative of each flux with respect to each parameter. The effects on the neutrino fluxes of changing individual parameters by large amounts can usually be estimated to satisfactory accuracy by making use of the tabulated partial derivatives. An overall "effective 3o. level of uncertainty" is defined using the requirement that the true value should lie within the estimated range unless someone has made a mistake. Effective 3o. levels of uncertainty, as well as best estimates, are determined for the following possible detectors of solar neutrinos: H, Li, Cl, 'Ga, Br, 'Br, Mo, Mo, ' In, and electronneutrino scattering. The most important sources of uncertainty in the predicted capture rates are identified and discussed for each detector separately. For the Cl detector, the predicted capture rate is 7.6+3.3 (effective 3o. errors) SNU. The measured production rate is (Cleveland, Davis, and Rowjley, 1981) 2. 1+0.3 SNU ( lo. error). For a 'Ga detector, the expected capture rate is 106(1+o08) SNU (also effective 3o. errors). The relatively small uncertainty quoted for the Ga detector is a direct result of the fact that 'Ga is primarily sensitive to neutrinos from the basic proton-proton reaction, the rate of which is determined largely by the observed solar luminosity. The Caltech and Munster measured values for the cross-section factor for the reaction He(a, y) Be are inconsistent with each other. The capture rates quoted above were obtained using the Caltech value for the cross-section factor. If the Munster value is used instead, then the predicted capture rate for the Cl experiment is 4.95+ 2. 1 SNU (effective 3o. errors) and, for the 'Ga experiment, 96.7 (1 ~&o8} SNU (effective 3o. errors). In order for the bestestimate value to agree with the observation of Davis (1978) of 2 SNU for the Cl experiment, the cross-section factor S34 (0) would have to be reduced by about 15o. to less than the Caltech value, i.e. to 7o. less than the Munster value. The characteristics of the standard solar model, constructed with the best available nuclear parameters, solar opacity, and equation of state, are presented in detail. The computational methods by which this and similar models were obtained are also described brieAy. The primordial helium abundance inferred with the aid of standard solar models is Y = 0.25+ 0.01. The complementary relation between observations of solar neutrinos and of the normal modes of oscillation of the sun is examined. It is shown that the splitting of the observed large-n, small-l, p-mode (five minute) oscillations of the sun primarily originates in the outer ten percent of the solar mass, while the neutrinos from B beta decay originate primarily in the inner five percent of the solar mass. The solar luminosity, and the flux of neutrinos from the proton-proton reaction, come mostly from an intermediate region.
Machine Aided Multispectral Analysis Utilizing Skylab Thermal Data for Land Use Mapping

Eight channel Skylab multispectral scanner data obtained in January 1974 were used in a level two land-use analysis of Allen County, Indiana. The data set which includes one visible channel, four near infrared channels, two middle infrared channels, and one far infrared channel was from the X-5 detector array of the S-192 experiment in the Earth Resources Experiment Package on board the Skylab space station. The results indicate that a good quality far infrared (thermal) channel is very valuable for land use mapping during the winter months.
Optimal sleep/wake scheduling for time-synchronized sensor networks with QoS guarantees

We study sleep/wake scheduling for low-duty cycle sensor networks. Our work explicitly considers the effect of synchronization error. We focus on a widely used synchronization scheme and show that its synchronization error is nonnegligible and using a conservative guard time is energy wasteful. We formulate an optimization problem that aims to set the capture probability threshold for messages from each individual node such that the expected energy consumption is minimized, and the collective quality of service (QoS) over the nodes is guaranteed. The problem is nonconvex. Nonetheless, we are able to obtain a solution with energy consumption that is provably at most 37% larger than the optimal solution. Simulations demonstrate the efficacy of our solution.
Power-Law Wrinkling Turbulence-Flame Interaction Model for Astrophysical Flames

We extend a model for turbulence-flame interactions (TFI) to consider astrophysical flames with a particular focus on combustion in Type Ia supernovae. The inertial range of the turbulent cascade is nearly always under-resolved in simulations of astrophysical flows, requiring the use of a model in order to quantify the effects of subgrid-scale wrinkling of the flame surface. We provide implementation details to extend a well-tested TFI model to low-Prandtl number flames for use in the compressible hydrodynamics code FLASH. A local, instantaneous measure of the turbulent velocity is calibrated for FLASH and verification tests are performed. Particular care is taken to consider the relation between the subgrid rms turbulent velocity and the turbulent flame speed, especially for high-intensity turbulence where the turbulent flame speed is not expected to scale with the turbulent velocity. Finally, we explore the impact of different TFI models in full-star, three-dimensional simulations of Type Ia supernovae.
A systematic approach for 2D-image to 3D-range registration in urban environments

The photorealistic modeling of large-scale objects, such as urban scenes, requires the combination of range sensing technology and digital photography. In this paper, we attack the key problem of camera pose estimation, in an automatic and efficient way. First, the camera orientation is recovered by matching vanishing points (extracted from 2D images) with 3D directions (derived from a 3D range model). Then, a hypothesis-and-test algorithm computes the camera positions with respect to the 3D range model by matching corresponding 2D and 3D linear features. The camera positions are further optimized by minimizing a line-to-line distance. The advantage of our method over earlier work has to do with the fact that we do not need to rely on extracted planar facades, or other higher-order features; we are utilizing low-level linear features. That makes this method more general, robust, and efficient. We have also developed a user-interface for allowing users to accurately texture-map 2D images onto 3D range models at interactive rates. We have tested our system in a large variety of urban scenes.
Electrodynamics in the presence of an axion

The low energy limit of an axion field coupled to gauge fields is investigated through the behavior of the gauge fields propagator in a local vacuum angle background. The local (singular) part of the effective action for the axion field is calculated at one-loop level. In the case of a time-like, linearly growing axion field, representing a massive axion, we give an asymptotic expansion of the causal propagator and we solve nonlocally for the first coefficient. We show that, for a generic axionic background, short distance propagation of the gauge field is well defined.
Stereoselective Silylcupration of Conjugated Alkynes in Water at Room Temperature

Micellar catalysis enables copper-catalyzed silylcupration of a variety of electron-deficient alkynes, thereby providing access to isomerically pure E- or Z-β-silyl-substituted carbonyl derivatives. These reactions take place in minutes, afford high yields and stereoselectivity, and are especially tolerant of functional groups present in the substrates. The aqueous reaction medium has been successfully recycled several times, and a substrate/catalyst ratio of 10,000:1 has been documented for this methodology.
Set k-cover algorithms for energy efficient monitoring in wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are emerging as an effective means for environment monitoring. This paper investigates a strategy for energy efficient monitoring in WSNs that partitions the sensors into covers, and then activates the covers iteratively in a round-robin fashion. This approach takes advantage of the overlap created when many sensors monitor a single area. Our work builds upon previous work by Slijepcevic and Potkonjak (2001), where the model is first formulated. We have designed three approximation algorithms for a variation of the set k-cover problem, where the objective is to partition the sensors into covers such that the number of covers that include an area, summed over all areas, is maximized. The first algorithm is randomized and partitions the sensors, in expectation, within a fraction 1 - (1/e) (/spl sim/ .63) of the optimum. We present two other deterministic approximation algorithms. One is a distributed greedy algorithm with a 1/2 approximation ratio and the other is a centralized greedy algorithm with a 1 - (1/e) approximation ratio. We show that it is NP-complete to guarantee better than 15/16 of the optimal coverage, indicating that all three algorithms perform well with respect to the best approximation algorithm possible in polynomial time, assuming P /spl ne/ NP. Simulations indicate that in practice, the deterministic algorithms perform far above their worst case bounds, consistently covering more than 72% of what is covered by an optimum solution. Simulations also indicate that the increase in longevity is proportional to the amount of overlap amongst the sensors. The algorithms are fast, easy to use, and according to simulations, significantly increase the longevity of sensor networks. The randomized algorithm in particular seems quite practical.
Group VI metal-promoted endo-azacyclizations via alkyne-derived metal vinylidene carbenes

Abstract The molybdenum-promoted cycloisomerization of terminal alkynes tethered to β-dicarbonyl nucleophiles is described, providing a novel synthesis of 1,1-disubstituted-2-cyclopentenes.
Tilting Modules for Lie Superalgebras

Abstract We develop a general theory of tilting modules for graded Lie superalgebras, extending work of Soergel for graded Lie algebras. The main result of the article gives a twisted version of BGG reciprocity relating multiplicities in Δ-flags of indecomposable tilting modules to composition multiplicities of costandard modules. We then discuss the examples &#x1d524;l(m|n) and &#x1d52e;(n) in detail.
A POLYNOMIAL DESCRIPTION OF THE RIJNDAEL ADVANCED ENCRYPTION STANDARD

The paper gives a polynomial description of the Rijndael Advanced Encryption Standard recently adopted by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Special attention is given to the structure of the S-Box.
Crystal Structure of Zeolite MCM-68: A New Three-Dimensional Framework with Large Pores

The crystal structure of the aluminosilicate MCM-68 was solved from synchrotron powder diffraction data by the program FOCUS. The unit cell framework contains Si100.6Al11.4O224. This material cryst...
Women's Liberation: What's in It for Men?

The nineteenth century witnessed dramatic improvements in the legal rights of married women. Given that these changes took place long before women gained the right to vote, they amounted to a voluntary renouncement of power by men. In this paper, we investigate men's incentives for sharing power with women. In our model, women's legal rights set the marital bargaining power of husbands and wives. We show that men face a tradeoff between the rights they want for their own wives (namely none) and the rights of other women in the economy. Men prefer other men's wives to have rights because men care about their own daughters and because an expansion of women's rights increases educational investments in children. We show that men may agree to relinquish some of their power once technological change increases the importance of human capital. We corroborate our argument with historical evidence on the expansion of women's rights in England and the United States.
Understanding the Dynamics of Self-Concept of Members in Dual-Career Families

This study examined the gender differences in how self-esteem and sense of competence moderate the relationships between four specific work variables and job satisfaction among members of dual-career families. Based on the gender differences found among a sample of 85 couples in dual-career families, it is conjectured that women with high self-esteem and sense of competence might be experiencing tensions because of an excessive role overload and hence experience lower levels of job satisfaction. Suggestions are made for organizations and family members to enhance the quality of life of both working partners.