cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The predictive nature of transcript expression levels on protein expression in adult human brain

Next generation sequencing methods are the gold standard for evaluating expression of the transcriptome. When determining the biological implications of such studies, the assumption is often made that transcript expression levels correspond to protein levels in a meaningful way. However, the strength of the overall correlation between transcript and protein expression is inconsistent, particularly in brain samples. Following high-throughput transcriptomic (RNA-Seq) and proteomic (liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry) analyses of adult human brain samples, we compared the correlation in the expression of transcripts and proteins that support various biological processes, molecular functions, and that are located in different areas of the cell. Although most categories of transcripts have extremely weak predictive value for the expression of their associated proteins (R2 values of < 10%), transcripts coding for protein kinases and membrane-associated proteins, including those that are part of receptors or ion transporters, are among those that are most predictive of downstream protein expression levels. The predictive value of transcript expression for corresponding proteins is variable in human brain samples, reflecting the complex regulation of protein expression. However, we found that transcriptomic analyses are appropriate for assessing the expression levels of certain classes of proteins, including those that modify proteins, such as kinases and phosphatases, regulate metabolic and synaptic activity, or are associated with a cellular membrane. These findings can be used to guide the interpretation of gene expression results from primate brain samples.
Early Detection of Pressure Injury Using a Forensic Alternate Light Source.

Objective This study aimed to determine if an alternate light source (ALS) can be used to detect tissue trauma before visible manifestations of tissue injury are evident with the naked eye. Materials and methods Ten participants were recruited and gave consent, and 7 completed the study. Researchers examined and photographed participants' heels in ambient light to establish baseline. A series of photographs using ALS and camera were taken as follows: violet wavelength at 415 nm to 445 nm with yellow lens; blue wavelength at 455 nm to 515 nm with orange lens; and green wavelength at 535 nm to 575 nm with red lens. Participants were examined weekly for 6 consecutive weeks to ascertain skin changes in ambient light and through the ALS. Results Overt tissue changes were noted when viewed with the ALS and camera compared with visual screens in ambient light. Descriptive statistics were calculated for all wavelengths. Two chi-square tests of independence were run to look for relationships between wavelength and the number of detected injuries (absorption). Conclusions Participants presenting with nonblanching erythema in ambient light showed significant tissue absorption under ALS and camera, depicting the actual scope and magnitude of the tissue trauma. Participants with scars, areas of previous injury, and pigmentary changes also showed significant absorption at those sites. These combined findings indicate that ALS can detect tissue trauma and areas at risk not readily visible by the naked eye. This noninvasive tool could help identify patients in the early stages of tissue trauma as well as screen for sites of previous injury that are at risk for subsequent breakdown, saving significant health care dollars and improving outcomes and quality of life.
Some Recent Applications of Distributed Parameter Control Theory — A Survey

Abstract A survey of some recent applications of distributed parameter control theory is presented. The practical areas discussed range from process control problems in an industrial plant to the identification, monitoring and control of air and water quality in our environment. Some new, promising areas of application are discussed along with suggestions for future research emphasis.
Evaluation of an After-School Obesity Prevention Program for Children

Dissemination of obesity prevention programs in different settings is needed. Moreover, new outreach tools to teach parents healthy eating and exercise lessons provided in these programs are important to develop. The pilot studies presented in this paper examined the implementation of the Childrenâ€™s Healthy Eating and Exercise Program in two different after school programs in 2015 and 2016. Participants were elementary school-age children and their parents. Eight lessons were presented at each school. Child perceptions of healthy eating and exercise goals were examined as well as child knowledge retention and perceptions of behavior change. Parent perceptions of the program were analyzed. Results indicated that children reported improved knowledge and behaviors. Parents reported satisfaction with the program, but remained hard to reach. Children recalled key components of the healthy eating lessons at long-term follow-up assessments. In the second pilot study, children served as health coaches for teaching parents about family goals. Children believed they were successful at coaching parents, but they requested help in developing family eating and exercise goals. Improving outreach to parents and involving siblings remains a goal for future studies as does beginning to examine changes in eating and physical activity using food diaries and accelerometry.
Insect sound production and transmission in plant materials of different compositions and structures

Insects use plants for food and shelter, and many species also have taken advantage of plant acoustical and structural characteristics to communicate for mating and social interaction over extended distances without expending significant energy. Humans have taken advantage of plant acoustical and structural characteristics to detect hidden insect infestations passively by monitoring their feeding and movement activities. This presentation reviews the characteristics of sound transmission as well as the characteristics of insect movement and feeding sounds in plant structures and products. Although insect sounds can be masked by loud background noise, different species produce sounds with particular spectral and temporal patterns that help distinguish them from background signals and from each other. Several practical applications of insect bioacoustics are discussed, including disruption of insect mating, targeting of tree pests, and monitoring of the time course of different pest management treatments.
Economic Input–Output Models for Environmental Life-Cycle Assessment

Process and product models are commonly used for performing life-cycle assessments (LCAs) of the environmental impacts of materials and products through different stages of fabrication, use, and end-of-life options. In this article, we show that these models can be represented as process flow diagrams or as matrices of process interactions. In either representation, the inventory of environmental emissions and resources used is comparable, provided the process models are proportional in nature (any increase in product output produces a corresponding environmental burden). Matrix representations are advantageous if application cost, feedback flow, or speed of analysis is important. They are also useful in conjunction with comprehensive, general equilibrium models in which the system boundary of the problem (e.g., an LCA of a product) being analyzed is on the level of the national economy.
A thermo-poroelasticity theory for infiltration processing of interpenetrating phase composites

This work describes a thermo-poroelasticity theory to investigate the effects of temperature gradients on infiltration kinetics, pore pressure distribution of the liquid phase, and liquid content variation due to preform deformation for infiltration processing of interpenetrating phase composites. Governing equations for three-dimensional infiltration processing are presented. A similarity solution is derived for one-dimensional infiltration assuming no solidification of the liquid phase. The solution indicates that besides the liquid viscosity, the infiltration front also depends on the poroelastic properties of the preform. A numerical example for a polymer–ceramic IPC shows that the temperature gradients may produce significant liquid content increment beyond the amount that can be accommodated by the initial pore volume of the preform. This liquid content increment may compensate some solidification shrinkage of the liquid phase, thereby suppressing occurrence of microdefects in the composite.
Dynamical Excitations of Site-Diluted Magnets

Site-diluted magnets are realizations of percolating networks with “scaler” interactions controlling the elementary magnetic excitations at low temperatures. We are able to map the solution to the classical diffusion problem on a fractal onto the dynamical excitations of such systems. Controlling are the fractal dimension, D, which determines the site density on the infinite network (containing the magnon excitations), and the fracton dimension, \( \overline {\overline d } \), which determines the magnetic excitation density of states and, together with D governs the dispersion law for “fracton” excitations. A cross-over frequency, ωc, exists such that, for ω ωc, the excitations are fracton-like. The cross-over frequency ωc is related to the characteristic length in the problem, the pair-connectedness length \( \xi _P :\omega _C \,\alpha \,\xi _P^{ - D/\overline {\overline d } } \).
Data on beetle-killed and surviving lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) radial growth from the Beaverhead-Deerlodge National Forest, MT prior to a severe mountain pine beetle outbreak.

Abstract This article contains measurements of raw radial growth, distance to pith, and calculated basal area increments (BAI) from 444 5-mm increment cores (237 trees) collected in July 2016 from the Beaverhead-Deerlodge National Forest, MT. These data were used for the study presented in “Mountain pine beetle attack faster growing lodgepole pine at low elevations in western Montana, USA” [1] . Plot locations where increment cores were taken as well as code to calculate BAI are also included. Cores were collected from lodgepole pine ( Pinus contorta ) trees that were killed during a recent bark beetle outbreak (220 cores; 117 trees) as well as trees that survived the outbreak (210 cores; 113 trees) in twelve stands spanning north and south aspects and three elevational bands along a 600-m gradient. 14 additional cores were collected from 7 strip-attacked trees. Increment cores were prepared and measured using standard dendrochronological techniques, “An Introduction to Tree-Ring Dating” [2] . Master chronologies for each aspect-elevation combination were created using approximately ten cores from surviving trees at each location. Cores were cross-dated, then scanned at 2400 dpi. Annual ring widths were measured using CooRecorder 7.7, “Cybis Electronic, CDendro and CooRecorder V.7.7” [3] , and final chronologies were quantitatively validated in COFECHA, “Computer-assisted quality control in tree-ring dating and measurement, Tree-Ring Society” [4] .
Cross-Cultural Collaborative Inquiry: A Collective Case Study with Students from China and the US

Abstract As our world becomes more connected, globalized education becomes increasingly important. Drawing from educational cosmopolitanism and disciplinary inquiry, this collective case study focused on Chinese and US students’ demonstrations of the four capacities of Wahlstrom’s (2014) educational cosmopolitanism, i.e., hospitality, self-reflexivity, intercultural dialogue, and transactions of perspectives, throughout the phases of a cross-cultural collaborative inquiry project referred to as Project-Based Inquiry (PBI) Global. Data sources included (a) semi-structured student focus groups (post-PBI Global), (b) our observations and interactions with students throughout the process, (c) the students’ posts and uploads in their shared writing space, Quip, and (d) the students’ PBI Global products. Results shed light on how cross-cultural collaborative disciplinary inquiry fosters students’ demonstration and development of educational cosmopolitan capacities.
Accurate eigenvalues and exact zero Jordan blocks of totally nonnegative matrices

We present a new algorithm which, given a bidiagonal decomposition of a totally nonnegative matrix, computes all its eigenvalues to high relative accuracy in floating point arithmetic in $$O(n^3)$$ time. It also computes exactly the Jordan blocks corresponding to zero eigenvalues in up to $$O(n^4)$$ time.
α-C-H Functionalization of π-Bonds Using Iron Complexes: Catalytic Hydroxyalkylation of Alkynes and Alkenes.

The discovery of catalytic systems based on earth-abundant transition metals for the functionalization of C–H bonds enables streamlined and sustainable solutions to problems in synthetic organic ch...
Predictions for COVID-19 outbreak in India using Epidemiological models

Abstract COVID-19 data from India is compared against several countries as well as key states in the US with a major outbreak, and it is found that the basic reproduction number R0 for India is in the expected range of 1.4-3.9. Further, the rate of growth of infections in India is very close to that in Washington and California. Exponential and classic susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) models based on available data are used to make short and long-term predictions on a daily basis. Based on the SIR model, it is estimated that India will enter equilibrium by the end of May 2020 with the final epidemic size of approximately 13,000. However, this estimation will be invalid if India enters the stage of community transmission. The impact of social distancing, again with the assumption of no community transmission, is also assessed by comparing data from different geographical locations.
72 State earned income tax credit policies and intimate partner homicide in the United States, 1990–2016

The Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) is the largest cash transfer program to low-income working families in the U.S. Some states augment the federal EITC with variable levels of generosity. As lack of finances is the most frequently-cited barrier for women to leave abusive relationships, federal and state EITCs could provide financial means to leave abusive relationships. However, the financial control associated with abuse and current EITC eligibility rules may hinder the program’s use for this purpose. We hypothesized that increased generosity in state EITC’s would be associated with a reduction in intimate partner homicide (IPH). Approach Using multiply-imputed Supplementary Homicide Reports, we obtained state- and year-level counts of female IPH victims aged 18 or older for 1990–2016. Using a difference-in-differences approach and linear regression with state- and year- fixed effects, we assessed the impact of changes in EITC generosity on annual rates of IPH per 100,000 adult female population, adjusted for state economic productivity, welfare policies, demographic characteristics, firearm availability, and non-familial homicide rates. Results A modest negative association between increased state EITC generosity and IPH rates was found. In the fully-adjusted models, a 10% increase in refundable state EITC (as percentage of federal) was associated with a reduction of 0.12 IPH events per 100,000 female-years (95% CI:-0.23,-0.01). Conclusions Increased state EITC generosity was associated with a small but significant reduction in IPH rates. The modest effects may relate to current EITC eligibility rules which typically preclude people who are married but separated from receiving benefits. Significance Cash assistance to low-income families may be an important policy to prevent IPH, but the mechanisms through which cash transfers are meted out may affect their impact. Creating state EITCs, increasing their generosity, and changing eligibility rules for married individuals filing separately (as Massachusetts is exploring) may protect against IPH.
Cap polyposis with protein-losing enteropathy

This case study is the ninth case reported since the last large series in 2003. Before establishing the diagnosis of cap polyposis, 4 of the 9 patients were initially diagnosed with ulcerative colitis and 1 patient was diagnosed with mucosal prolapse syndrome. Upon treatment, 4 of the 9 patients were treated for H. pylori infection, which resulted in the eradication of their gastritis and polyps. Resolution of cap polyposis was experienced after infliximab (Remicade, Centocor) in 1 patient, polypectomy in another patient, and total colectomy in a third patient; a fourth patient experienced complete resolution without any treatment. Many researchers attribute cap polyposis to mucosal prolapse syndrome; however, the exact mechanism of the underlying cause and the appropriate treatment strategy have not yet been elucidated.
Large-Eddy Simulation of Turbulent Sprays

Large-eddy simulations (LES) of high Reynolds number spray with and without combustion in a full-scale gas turbine combustor are carried out to investigate the interaction between the liquid and gas phases under realistic conditions. Effect of changing the inlet swirl on droplet dispersion and transport is first studied followed by an investigation of effect of heat release for the same initial swirl conditions. Results show that for the non-reacting spray, increase in swirl dramatically increases both spray dispersion and breakdown of the initially coherent azimuthal vortices shed from the dump plane. Vortex breakdown and formation of the centerline recirculation bubble is shown to be primarily a function of initial swirl for this device. With heat release, the shape and extent of the recirculation bubble (when it exists) changes significantly from the equivalent non-reacting case due to changes in the velocity field caused by thermal expansion in the near field of the dump plane.
Strong beginnings for babies: families’ language stimulation of infants from low-income backgrounds

This mixed-methods study investigated a two-year community-based research program, Strong Beginnings for Babies (SBB), designed to support families in using 10 strategies for fostering infant langu...
Measuring Thermal Emission Near Room Temperature Using Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

Engineered thermal emitters that operate close to room temperature are emerging as an enabling technology for $e.g.$ passive radiative cooling, and infrared identification. Direct characterization of such low-temperature emitters using conventional Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, however, can yield pathological results due to background emission from the apparatus itself: Increasing the temperature may cause an apparent $d\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}e\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}c\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}r\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}e\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}a\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}s\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}e$ in thermal emission---even for sources with constant emissivity. This study carefully examines these contributions, demonstrates how to properly calibrate FTIR-based measurements of thermal emission, and quantifies the relevant errors.
and reductions of type IIA supergravity

Abstract We construct a consistent reduction of type IIA supergravity on S 3 , leading to a maximal gauged supergravity in seven dimensions with the full set of massless SO(4) Yang–Mills fields. We do this by starting with the known S 4 reduction of eleven-dimensional supergravity, and showing that it is possible to take a singular limit of the resulting standard SO(5) -gauged maximal supergravity in seven dimensions, whose eleven-dimensional interpretation involves taking a limit where the internal 4-sphere degenerates to R ×S 3 . This allows us to reinterpret the limiting SO(4) -gauged theory in seven dimensions as the S 3 reduction of type IIA supergravity. We also obtain the consistent S 4 reduction of type IIA supergravity, which gives an SO(5) -gauged maximal supergravity in D=6 .
Nernst coefficient within relaxation time approximation

Analytical solutions based on the Boltzmann transport equation within the relaxation time approximation are developed to relate the Nernst coefficient to materials band structure and relaxation times parameters in simple conductors. The dependence of the Nernst coefficient on the effective mass, anisotropy of bands, energy bandgap, and scattering parameters are investigated. The obtained relations are compared to the existing solutions presented in the past using different approximations.
Introduction and historical perspective

Abstract Many microbes have their origin in the soil or are closely allied with the soil environment. Throughout history, these microbes have had a substantial impact on humankind. In some instances, the impacts have been beneficial while others have been detrimental. On the beneficial side, microbes are absolutely essential in nutrient cycling and the sustainability of life on earth. On the detrimental side, microbes can contribute to environmental problems, such as production of “greenhouse gases” and groundwater contamination with nitrate. The history of soil microbiology is rich with the discoveries of pioneering scientists that you will learn about in this chapter.
“More dynamic, more engaged”: Faculty perspectives on instructing students with intellectual disability in inclusive courses

The knowledge and attitudes of faculty and instructors greatly influence the experiences of all college students, including college students with ID. As the number of institutions of higher education enrolling students with ID grows, faculty and staff must be prepared to support the learning needs of all of these college students. We conducted qualitative interviews with 10 college faculty teaching inclusive courses at 7 colleges and universities across the U.S. to solicit their perspectives on a) the benefits and challenges of instructing students with ID, and b) what they need to provide the best instructional experiences. This paper summarizes the study findings and offers implications for practice and research.
Random Evolutions in Financial Mathematics Incomplete Market

We consider application of random evolutions to stochastic models of financial mathematics in an incomplete market.
Carbon Nanotube Sensors for Gas and Vapor Detection in Space and Terrestrial Applications

Viewgraphs detailing the development of a nanostructure engineered, portable, low cost, low power consumption, room temperature operated chemical sensor for space and terrestrial applications is presented. The topics include: 1) Applications and Requirements; 2) Nanotechnology Advantages; 3) Current Studies on NanoChemical Sensors; and 4) Our Research Status and Results.
IL-21 and Probiotic Therapy Improve TH17 Frequencies, Microbial Translocation, and Microbiome in ARV-Treated, SIV-Infected Macaques

Increased mortality in antiretroviral (ARV)-treated, HIV-infected individuals has been attributed to persistent immune dysfunction, in part due to abnormalities at the gastrointestinal barrier. In particular, the poor reconstitution of gastrointestinal Th17 cells correlates with residual translocation of dysbiotic, immunostimulatory microflora across a compromised intestinal epithelial barrier. We have previously demonstrated that oral probiotics promote increased intestinal CD4(+) T-cell reconstitution during ARV treatment in a non-human primate model of HIV infection; however, essential mucosal T-cell subsets, such as Th17 cells, had limited recovery. Here, we sought to promote Th17 cell recovery by administering interleukin (IL)-21 to a limited number of ARV-treated, probiotic-supplemented, Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV)-infected pigtailed macaques. We demonstrate that probiotic and IL-21 supplementation of ARVs are associated with enhanced polyfunctional Th17 expansion and reduced markers of microbial translocation and dysbiosis as compared with infected controls receiving ARVs alone. Importantly, treatment resulted in fewer morbidities compared with controls, and was independent of increased immune activation or loss of viral suppression. We propose that combining ARVs with therapeutics aimed at restoring intestinal stasis may significantly improve disease prognosis of ARV-treated, HIV-infected individuals.
Five-Factor Model of Personality

Personality traits describe individual differences in human beings' typical ways of perceiving, thinking, feeling, and behaving that are generally consistent over time and across situations. Beginning with the work of Allport and Odbert (1936), trait psychologists have attempted to identify a set of basic traits that adequately describe variation in human personality. This effort has employed two strategies: the analysis of descriptive adjectives across human languages (the lexical approach) and the measurement of various traits derived from personality theories (the questionnaire approach). For nearly 50 years, competing sets of fundamental traits (e.g., Cattell, Eysenck, Guilford), typically derived through factor analysis, created disagreement about which traits were basic. However, in the 1980s, a convergence of the lexical and questionnaire strategies generated a consensus among many trait psychologists that five basic broad traits provided an adequate description of individual differences (McCrae & John, 1992). This set of basic traits is referred to as the Five-Factor Model (FFM) of personality. Keywords: personality traits; personality structure; personality assessment; personality dimensions
Structure and properties of hemoglobin C-Harlem, a human hemoglobin variant with amino acid substitutions in 2 residues of the beta-polypeptide chain.

Abstract A new sickling hemoglobin variant designated hemoglobin Charlem (Hb Ch) migrated slightly anodally to the position of hemoglobin C on electrophoresis at pH 8.6, and has been shown to have the structure αa2 β6 glu → val, 73 asp → asn2. Hemoglobin Ch comprised 40% of the hemoglobin in individuals of two generations of an American Negro family and is the first instance in which two amino acid substitutions in a single polypeptide chain have been defined in a human hemoglobin variant. Hemoglobin Ch appeared not to differ significantly from Hb A in its oxygen equilibria, ultraviolet spectra of the oxy and deoxy forms, and titratable sulfhydryl groups. Probably by virtue of its β6 val substitution, Hb Ch shared with Hb S (αa2 β6 glu → val2) the properties of erythrocyte sickling and relative insolubility and gelation of the deoxyhemoglobin. However, gelation experiments suggested that the β73 asn substitution resulted in a decrease in the intermolecular interactions of deoxyhemoglobin Ch as compared with deoxyhemoglobin S, and implied conformational differences between the two deoxyhemoglobins.
Reflexive Representations of Algebras

A module M over a finite dimensional K-algebra R is said to be reflexive in case the only K-linear transformations of M that preserve the R submodule lattice of M are those induced by the elements of R. Here we shall discuss recent results regarding the reflexivity the members of certain classes of modules.
Average-Case Analysis of the Modified Marmonic Algorithm

In this paper, we analyze the average-case performance of the Modified Harmonic algorithm for bin packing. We first analyze the average-case performance for arbitrary distribution of item sizes over (0, 1]. This analysis is based on the following result. Let f1 and f2 be two linear combinations of random variables {ni} n=1 k , where the Nis have a joint multinomial distribution for each \(n = \sum\limits_{i = 1}^k {N_i }\). Let E(f1)≠0, and E(f2)↮0. Then \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{n \to \infty }\)E(max(f1, f2))/n=\(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{n \to \infty }\)max(E(f1), E(f2))/n. We then consider the special case when the item sizes are uniformly distributed over (0, 1], and obtain optimal values for the parameters of the algorithm. For these values of the parameters, the average-case performance ratio is less than 1.19. This compares well with the performance ratio 1.2865... of the Harmonic algorithm.
EDUCATION LAW—THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES EDUCATION ACT AND SECTION 1983: ARE COMPENSATORY DAMAGES AN AVAILABLE AND APPROPRIATE REMEDY?

This Note is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Review & Student Publications at Digital Commons @ Western New England University School of Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Western New England Law Review by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Western New England University School of Law. For more information, please contact pnewcombe@law.wne.edu. Recommended Citation
Response of Extra-Axial Tumors to Stereotactically Implanted High-Activity 125l Seeds

125I seeds can deliver a very high dose of radiation (100–500 Gy) to a well-circumscribed area over their average life of 87 days, which enable them to destroy slow-growing extra-axial tumo
Correction of Hyperkalemia in Dogs with Chronic Kidney Disease Consuming Commercial Renal Therapeutic Diets by a Potassium‐Reduced Home‐Prepared Diet

Background: Hyperkalemia occurs in dogs with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Objectives: (1) To determine the incidence of hyperkalemia in dogs with CKD, (2) to determine the proportion of hyperkalemic dogs that required modification of dietary potassium intake, (3) to evaluate the response to dietary modification. Methods: The hospital database was reviewed retrospectively to identify dogs with CKD and persistent (>5.3 mmol/L on at least 3 occasions) or severe (K ≥ 6.5 mmol/L) hyperkalemia while consuming a therapeutic renal diet. Records of dogs with hyperkalemia that were prescribed a home-prepared, potassium-reduced diet were evaluated further. Response was evaluated by changes in body weight, BCS, and serum potassium concentration. Results: One hundred and fifty-two dogs were diagnosed with CKD, of which 47% had ≥1 documented episode of hyperkalemia, 25% had ≥3 episodes of hyperkalemia, and 16% had ≥1 episodes of severe hyperkalemia (K > 6.5 mmol/L). Twenty-six dogs (17.2%) with CKD and hyperkalemia were prescribed a potassium-reduced, home-prepared diet. The potassium concentration of all hyperkalemic dogs on therapeutic diets (potassium content, 1.6 ± 0.23 g/1,000 kcal of metabolizable energy [ME]) was 6.5 ± 0.5 mmol/L but decreased significantly to 5.1 ± 0.5 mmol/L in 18 dogs available for follow-up in response to the dietary modification (0.91 ± 0.14 g/1,000 kcal of ME, P < .001). Potassium concentration normalized in all but 1 dog. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Hyperkalemia is a potential complication of CKD. In a subset of CKD dogs, hyperkalemia can be associated with commercial renal diets and could restrict use of these diets. Appropriately formulated, potassium-reduced, diets are an effective alternative to correct hyperkalemia.
The neuropsychiatry of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias

The Neuropsychiatry of Dementing DisordersNeuropsychiatric Assessment of Dementia PatientsAlzheimer's DiseaseDementia with Lewy BodiesParkinson's Disease and Related Parkinsonian SyndromesVascular DementiaFrontotemporal Lobar DegenerationsCreutzfeldt-Jakob Disease and Other Prion DisordersNeurobiology of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in DementiasManagement of Neuropsychiatric aspects of Dementia
Moral and Spiritual Dimensions of the Healthy Person: Notes from the Founders of Modern Psychology and Psychiatry

In this chapter, I will present a summary of the characteristics of the healthy or ideal person as described or clearly implied by the important modern theorists of psychology and psychiatry. This is a large task and could easily take a booklength treatment. Instead, I will highlight what these thinkers have emphasized about the nature of human flourishing. After presenting this material, we will then evaluate and reflect on it. For present purposes, modern psychology—and from now on I will include much of psychiatry within this general term—is taken to begin with Sigmund Freud. No doubt, if medical and biological psychiatry had been our topic, our starting point would have been different, but our interest is with that general field of psychology that has had a major impact on our society, especially on how the educated public thinks about the mind today. Hence we start with Freud. Sigmund Freud’s theoretical writings are rich and varied, and he was an extraordinarily complex and often contradictory person. (There are many good summaries of Freud’s work, for example, Monte, 1999, Chapter 2; as well as critical evaluations such as Macmillan, 1997.) But we will focus on his relatively straightforward major contributions to our special topic. First and foremost was Freud’s emphasis on increasing knowledge about our own mind, especially our unconscious mind. Behind this search was the moral assumption that such understandingwas good, both in the sense of being therapeutic for the patient and as a contribution to the general growth of human knowledge. Freud was just as interested in the development of psychological
President Obama and Education: The Possibility for Dramatic Improvements in Teaching and Learning

From the unique perspective gained heading Obama's education policy transition team, Darling-Hammond describes President Obama's commitment to making the education of every child a collective responsibility and reviews the major tenets of the new administration's plans for education. She reflects on the importance of suggested policy changes, particularly focusing on the importance of legislation to improve teacher capacity and retention. Finally, she considers how the field of education might look in 2016 should the Obama administration's education agenda succeed as planned.
Dynamic control of parallelism and granularity in executing nested parallel loops

The effects of controlling granularity and the growth of parallelism at runtime in executing automatically parallelized programs are addressed. The authors version-switch method allows the runtime system to dynamically choose the appropriate version of codes for execution in order to achieve better performance. The decision when to switch version is shown to be critical to the effectiveness of the method. A framework is built to study how to estimate the current work load for deciding when to switch versions. Four different control schemes based on local or global estimation of workload have been implemented in the runtime system. Their results are compared and discussed in detail. >
Poverty and Excess in Binge Economies

The history of excess has tended to focus on middle-class groups intent on demonstrating their wealth through conspicuous consumption. I draw on historical evidence from working cultures of loggers, fishermen, miners, sailors, and manual laborers to show how consumption was embedded in daily rhythms of work, in the cultural construction of gender, and the economy. I define a “binge economy” which typically emerged in extractive industries on the margins of the capitalist world system. Then I question whether working-class displays of excessive consumption were self-limiting. Rather than being based on greed, I argue that working-class binge consumption was an attempt to build a social order which would allow workers to survive harsh work discipline, extremely dangerous physical labor, and the socially corrosive nature of money. But rather than being an effective form of resistance or solidarity, excessive consumption created as many problems as it solved, perpetuating servitude in the guise of freedom, and serving the interests of capital. Nevertheless, the close association of masculinity with excessive forms of social consumption continues to inspire many forms of excess and overconsumption among middle-class Americans.
The Future Of Unmanned Aircraft Systems in Support of the Marine Expeditionary Unit

Abstract : The USMC Marine Expeditionary Unit (MEU) is commonly referred to as the nation's 911 force. It must be capable of executing a full spectrum of missions from low-intensity humanitarian assistance and noncombat evacuations to high-intensity major combat operations. The structure and equipment are designed around this multimission requirement. However, the USMC owns the fixed-winged Shadow unmanned aircraft system (UAS), and is in the process of acquiring a small fixed-wing UAS, the small tactical UAS (STUAS) to provide intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance. The USMC is also researching a cargo resupply UAS based on helicopter technology. The USMC focus on single mission UAS does not fit with the MEU's mission requirements. This thesis will examine MEU mission requirements and recommend a UAS capability set that best supports MEU operations. From this recommended set of requirements, the thesis will use a cost analysis to determine a future UAS program of record.
Orbital vascular lesions: A review of clinical and imaging findings

Orbital vascular lesions include vascular malformations and vascular tumors. Overlapping clinical findings and similar imaging features between both types of lesions can lead to misdiagnosis and incorrect treatment choices. Classifying vascular malformations according to the nature of the vascular element(s) involved (artery, vein or lymphatic) facilitates correct lesion recognition, developing a correct differential diagnosis and characterization of findings. Imaging is critical in mapping the extent of these lesions and their response to therapy, both medical and surgical.
Zero temperature phase diagram for the d=1 quantum Ising antiferromagnet

Abstract The d=1 Ising antiferromagnetic (AF) chain in a uniform and transverse field is studied using both finite size scaling of Monte Carlo data and a quantum Monte Carlo Renormalization Group method. The zero temperature phase diagram and critical exponents are obtained.
Rate of sulphur dioxide emission from Erebus volcano, Antarctica, December 1983

Mount Erebus is the principal source of volcanic emanations to the atmosphere in Antarctica. The rate of emission of SO2 from Mt Erebus was determined to be 230±90 tonnes day−1 during an 11-day period in December 1983. This is a more accurate and much higher estimate than previous ones. Because of the very constant character of the volcano's activity from the earliest observations until September 1984, the emission rate is possibly representative of the past 20 yr. The new data are important for accurate assessment of volcanic input to the clean Antarctic atmosphere, and are a useful baseline for the changes in emission rates which will be measured now, after Erebus has begun a new energetic eruptive period.
Slow inward and late slow outward currents induced by hyperpolarizing pre-pulses in cat bladder parasympathetic neurones.

Single-electrode voltage-clamp techniques were used to examine membrane currents recorded as a result of hyperpolarizing pre-pulses in cat bladder parasympathetic neurones. In 84 ganglion cells examined, two types of current were observed in response to hyperpolarizing pre-pulses of 10 ms to 1 s duration from holding potentials of −30 to −60 mV to test potentials of −90 to −130 mV. In 46 cells, a short-duration pulse induced a slow inward current (SIC); with longer pulse durations, an outward current was superimposed on the SIC, resulting in a late slow outward current (LSOC). In the remaining cells, either a SIC (n=12) or an LSOC (n=26) was recorded over a range of hyperpolarizing pre-pulse durations. The more depolarized the holding potential, the more hyperpolarized the test potential and the longer the pulse duration, the larger the amplitude of the SIC and LSOC. The SIC and LSOC were associated with an increase in input conductance. The extrapolated reversal potential (V rev) for the LSOC obtained at a holding potential of −60 mV (where the LSOC seemed to be less contaminated with the SIC) was −89±4 mV (mean ± standard error of the mean; n=5), which is close to the equilibrium potential for the K ion. The LSOC was depressed by a high-K (10–20 mM) solution and potentiated by a low-K (0.47 mM) solution. The SIC was depressed by a low-Na (26.2 mM) solution, but was not affected significantly by a low-Cl (12.2 mM) solution. A low-Ca (0.1 mM)/high-Mg (5 mM) solution depressed the LSOC, while a high-Ca (5 mM) solution potentiated it. Cd (0.5 mM) blocked the SIC almost completely, and suppressed the LSOC. The LSOC but not the SIC was suppressed by tetraethylammonium chloride (10 mM). Superfusing Cs (3 mM) did not affect either the LSOC or the SIC. 4-Aminopyridine (1 mM) and muscarine (10 μM) depressed or replaced the SIC with an outward current, while potentiating the LSOC. These results suggest that a hyperpolarizing pre-pulse induces slow inward Na- and late slow outward Ca-dependent K currents, which are inactivated at depolarized potentials and are de-inactivated by hyperpolarizing pulses in a time-dependent manner.
Adsorption of dansylated amino acids on molecularly imprinted surfaces: a surface plasmon resonance study.

Abstract Surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy (SPR) was used to measure the adsorption kinetics and isotherms of dansylated amino acids onto surface-confined molecularly imprinted polymer films (MIP-Fs) and the corresponding non-imprinted polymer control films (NIP-Fs). The surface-confined polymer films were grafted from flat gold surfaces using atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). This approach allowed uniform nanothin films to be grown, thereby ensuring that the amino acids see a uniform surface during adsorption. N , N ′-Didansyl- l -cystine (DDC) and didansyl- l -lysine (DDK) were used as the template molecules to form the MIP-Fs. Adsorption kinetics data were analyzed using single- and dual-site Langmuir adsorption models. It was found that, within the experimental measurement range, adsorption isotherm data were well described by any of four isotherm models: Langmuir, dual-site Langmuir, Freundlich, or Langmuir–Freundlich (LF). The relatively high heterogeneity index values regressed using the Freundlich and LF isotherms suggest the formation of fairly homogeneous MIP-Fs; although Scatchard analysis reveals binding site heterogeneity does exist. Selectivity studies showed that the MIP-Fs display cross-reactivity between DDC and DDK; nevertheless, MIP-Fs prepared against one template showed selectivity for that template. Solution pH and polymer layer thickness were studied as independent parameters to determine their impacts on amino acid adsorption, as monitored by SPR.
On the Gribov ambiguity in the Faddeev-Popov procedure

Abstract The standard Faddeev-Popov procedure for quantization of a gauge theory is modified so as to be valid even when the Gribov problem is present. The hamiltonian is employed and a definite expression for the path integral is obtained for a wide class of gauges.
Geographic and socioeconomic variation in the onset of decline of coronary heart disease mortality in white women.

BACKGROUND. Regional, metropolitan, and socioeconomic factors related to the onset of decline of coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality among White women are reported. Such studies are important for planning population-level interventions. METHODS. Mortality data for 1962 to 1978 were used, to estimate the year of onset of decline. Ecological analyses of socioeconomic data from the US census were used to emphasize structural and organizational aspects of changes in disease, rather than as a substitute for an individual-level design. RESULTS. Onset of decline of CHD mortality among White women was estimated to have occurred by 1962 in 53% of 507 state economic areas (SEAs), ranging from 79% in the Northeast to 39% in the South. Metropolitan areas experienced earlier onset of decline than did nonmetropolitan areas. Average income, education, and occupational levels were highest in early onset areas and declined across onset categories. CONCLUSIONS. The results provide additional evidence for previously obse...
The effect of Lewis acid catalysis on the decomposition of CF3OCF3 to COF2 and CF4

Abstract The CF3OCF3 and AlF3 Lewis acid interaction is investigated by ab initio theory to explain the catalytically enhanced degradation of polyperfluorinated ether lubricants. Thus, an understanding of the Lewis acid interaction in these materials is gained by investigating the optimized geometries of CF3OCF3 in the presence and absence of AlF3. The computed bond parameters and partial atomic charges identify a strong interaction between the aluminum substrate and the CF3OCF3 ether oxygen atom. A transition state that connects the reactant CF3OCF3 and products COF2 and CF4 is identified. The effect of the Lewis acid interaction on the transition state geometry is analyzed. A significant reduction in the activation energy to the transition state via the Lewis acid interaction is computed, providing a quantitative understanding for catalytically induced degradation in these materials.
A quantitative genetic approach for predicting ecological change in biological communities

Ecological studies of communities have become increasingly focused on the role of genetics. These studies often conclude that genetics and evolution play an important role in community structure and function. For instance, studies have shown that the structure of insect communities associated with a host plant is heritable and therefore can potentially evolve. However, when studying communities of interacting species two problems are faced: (1) the traits that determine the outcomes of these interactions are often unknown, and (2) communities are normally highly multidimensional (n-dimensional for n species). In order to surmount these problems, we adapt a commonly used approach for studying the evolution of multivariate quantitative traits to the study of biological communities. Specifically, we propose utilizing a community-based genetic covariance matrix (G-matrix) and an associated vector of community selection gradients for predicting changes in community composition, where the “traits” under study are the abundances, or other properties, of various interacting species. This approach capitalizes on the relative ease with which data on the abundance of individuals interacting with individuals of a focal species (e.g., abundances of various herbivorous insects on a plant) can be collected and on the utility of the quantitative genetic approach for predicting multidimensional evolution. In order to evaluate the utility and accuracy of the G-matrix approach for predicting the evolution of communities, we develop and analyze numerical simulations of evolving communities. Results of these simulations show that an approach based on community G-matrices and selection gradients provides a rich understanding of how underlying genetics shape community structure and, in many cases, accurately predicts how community structure changes over time.
Stabilizing a switched linear system by sampled-data quantized feedback

We study the problem of asymptotically stabilizing a switched linear control system using sampled and quantized measurements of its state. The switching is assumed to be slow enough in the sense of combined dwell time and average dwell time, each individual mode is assumed to be stabilizable, and the available data rate is assumed to be large enough. Our encoding and control strategy is rooted in the one proposed in our earlier work on non-switched systems, and in particular the data-rate bound used here is the data-rate bound from that earlier work maximized over the individual modes. The main technical step that enables the extension to switched systems concerns propagating over-approximations of reachable sets through sampling intervals, during which the switching signal is unknown.