cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Histologic and Immunohistochemical Characterization of Hemangiomas in the Skin of Seven Young Horses

The histologic and immunochemical characteristics of benign vascular tumors excised from the skin of seven young horses were evaluated. The patients were male horses of various breeds and were 16 months of age or younger at the time of presentation. Six tumors occurred on the extremities, and one was removed from the lip. Histologically, most tumors consisted of cellular nodules of varying compactness with few to many blood-filled lumina. Nodular growth separated preexisting adnexa and subcutaneous collagen. Some tumors contained or consisted predominantly of loosely packed arrays of ramifying, veins, and capillaries separated by collagen within the dermis and subcutis. Within areas of nodular growth, multilayered vascular walls were encircled by reticulin strands that surrounded the endothelium and adjacent pericytes and also separated nonperivascular cells in the mass. Immunohistochemical staining of factor-VIII-related antigen and labeling by Ulex europeus-1 lectin was restricted to an innermost layer of cells surrounding vascular spaces, confirming their vascular endothelial origin. The plump fusiform cells arranged concentrically around the endothelium and some of those unassociated with vascular lumina stained with antibody to alpha-smooth muscle actin, as did the muscularis of larger vessels inside and outside of tumor nodules. These findings demonstrate an orderly arrangement between endothelium and supportive cells in these benign vascular neoplasms of young horses, similar to that observed during vascular development.
A multiple intersection integrated wireless and vehicular network simulator

A real-time simulator for vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication scenarios with a new integration method for the wireless network simulator NS-2 and the Vehicular and Traffic Simulator (VATSIM) is introduced. Vehicular micro traffic networks with multiple intersections and vehicles using 802.11p communication are simulated and a collision warning system including a driver response model is investigated under a busy wireless communication channel.
The influence of grain size and composition on slow plastic flow in FeAl between 1100 and 1400 K

The slow plastic flow properties of a series of binary B2 FeAl intermetallics at elevated temperatures, and ranging in aluminum content from 39.8 to 48.7 at. pct, were investigated using constant-velocity compression tests at strain rates from 2 x 10 to the -3rd to 2 x 10 to the -7th. Two deformation mechanisms with the same activation energy are found. For the mode with a stress component of 6, the strength increases with decreasing grain size, probably as a result of Hall-Petch behavior, while for the mode with stress component of 3, the strength increases with increasing grain size, probably due to the action of diffusional creep. Creep in the high stress exponent mode can be described in terms of the initial grain size because the large-angle grain structure is replaced by a small-angle grain microstructure of similar grain diameter during deformation.
A framework for evaluating forest landscape model predictions using empirical data and knowledge

Evaluation of forest landscape model (FLM) predictions is indispensable to establish the credibility of predictions. We present a framework that evaluates short- and long-term FLM predictions at site and landscape scales. Site-scale evaluation is conducted through comparing raster cell-level predictions with inventory plot data whereas landscape-scale evaluation is conducted through comparing predictions stratified by extraneous drivers with aggregated values in inventory plots. Long-term predictions are evaluated using empirical data and knowledge. We demonstrate the applicability of the framework using LANDIS PRO FLM. We showed how inventory data were used to initialize the landscape and calibrate model parameters. Evaluation of the short-term LANDIS PRO predictions based on multiple metrics showed good overall performance at site and landscape scales. The predicted long-term stand development patterns were consistent with the established theories of stand dynamics. The predicted long-term forest composition and successional trajectories conformed well to empirical old-growth studies in the region. We present a framework for evaluating the short- and long-term forest landscape model predictions at site and landscape scales.Site-scale evaluation is conducted through comparing cell-level predictions with inventory plot data.Landscape-scale evaluation is conducted through comparing predictions stratified by extraneous drivers with aggregated values in inventory plots.We successfully evaluated the LANDIS PRO forest landscape model predictions using empirical data and knowledge and showed reasonable performances at both scales.
Diets Of Feral Emus In the Cross Timbers and Prairies Region Of Texas

Abstract Emus (Dromaius novaehollandiae) have been commercially farmed in the United States since the early 1980s, but the market for emu products has never been large. Emus have escaped captivity and have been surviving and successfully reproducing in the wild. To determine if there was potential for competition with native species of wildlife, we examined diets of free-ranging emus in the Cross-Timbers and Prairies eco-region of Texas during 1999 and 2000. Diets of emus were composed of native grasses, forbs, mast, drupes, and leaves. In addition to native foods, emus also were consuming large quantities of livestock feed and agricultural crops. Free-ranging emus have potential to compete with native species of wildlife, particularly birds, if their numbers continue to increase.
DSynth: A Pipeline Synthesis Environment for FPGAs

A synthesis environment called DSynth has been created for synthesizing high-performance pipelined circuits for FPGAs from synchronous data flow specifications. The goal of this work is to generate the minimum size circuit that meets the throughput constraint of the data flow model. To achieve this constraint efficiently, this approach relies heavily upon a library of pre-characterized pipelined circuit modules. In addition, resource sharing is used extensively to reduce the overall hardware cost.
Role of Localized Deformation in Irradiation-Assisted Stress Corrosion Cracking Initiation

Intergranular cracking of irradiated austenitic alloys depended on localized grain boundary stress and deformation in both high-temperature aqueous and argon environments. Tensile specimens were irradiated with protons to doses of 1 to 7 dpa and then strained in high-temperature argon, simulated boiling water reactor normal water chemistry, and supercritical water environments. Quantitative measurements confirmed that the initiation of intergranular cracks was promoted by (1) the formation of coarse dislocation channels, (2) discontinuous slip across grain boundaries, (3) a high inclination of the grain boundary to the tensile axis, and (4) low-deformation propensity of grains as characterized by their Schmid and Taylor factors. The first two correlations, as well as the formation of intergranular cracks at the precise locations of dislocation channel–grain boundary intersections are evidence that localized deformation drives crack initiation. The latter two correlations are evidence that intergranular cracking is promoted at grain boundaries experiencing elevated levels of normal stress.
A molecular 'signature' of primary breast cancer cultures; patterns resembling tumor tissue

To identify the spectrum of malignant attributes maintained outside the host environment, we have compared global gene expression in primary breast tumors and matched short-term epithelial cultures. In contrast to immortal cell lines, a characteristic 'limited proliferation' phenotype was observed, which included over expressed genes associated with the TGFβ signal transduction pathway, such as SPARC, LOXL1, RUNX1, and DAPK1. Underlying this profile was the conspicuous absence of hTERT expression and telomerase activity, a significant increase in TβRII, its cognate ligand, and the CDK inhibitor, p21 CIP1/WAF1 . Concurrently, tumor tissue and primary cultures displayed low transcript levels of proliferation-related genes, such as, TOP2A, ANKT, RAD51, UBE2C, CENPA, RRM2, and PLK. Our data demonstrate that commonly used immortal cell lines do not reflect some aspects of tumor biology as closely as primary tumor cell cultures. The gene expression profile of malignant tissue, which is uniquely retained by cells cultured on solid substrates, could facilitate the development and testing of novel molecular targets for breast cancer.
Low voltage alpha EEG phenotype is associated with reduced amplitudes of alpha event-related oscillations, increased cortical phase synchrony, and a low level of response to alcohol

Abstract Low voltage EEG (LVEEG) is a heritable phenotype that differs depending on ancestral heritage, yet its impact on brain networks and cognition remain relatively unexplored. In this study we assessed energy and task related phase locking of event-related oscillation (EROs), behavioral responses, measures of IQ and personality, and expected responses to alcohol in a large sample of individuals with LVEEG compared to those with higher voltage variants. Participants (n = 762) were recruited from a Native American community and completed a diagnostic interview, the Quick Test, the Subjective High Assessment Scale Expectation Version (SHAS-E) and the Maudsley Personality Inventory. Clinical and spectral analyzed EEGs were collected for determination of the presence of a LVEEG variant. EROs were generated using a facial expression recognition task. Participants with LVEEG (n = 451) were significantly more likely to be older, married and have higher degrees of Native American heritage but did not differ in gender, income or education. Individuals with LVEEG were also found to have decreased energy in their alpha EROs, increased phase locking between stimulus trials, and increased phase-locking between cortical brain areas. No significant differences in the cognitive tests, personality variables or alcohol dependence or anxiety diagnoses were found, however, individuals with LVEEG did report a larger number of drinks ever consumed in a 24-h period and a less intense expected response to alcohol. These data suggest that alpha power in the resting EEG is highly associated with energy and cortical connectivity measures generated by event-related stimuli, as well as potentially increased risk for alcohol use.
Toward a Psychological Explanation of Near-Death Experiences: A Response to Dr. Grosso's Paper

From introduction: "Michael Grosso, in his elegant review of various hypotheses intended to explain near-death experiences as reductionistic and unable to account adequately for the NDE. The present paper is a restatement of the case for psychological interpretations of the NDE; it is intended to forestall the premature rejection of psychodynamic approaches to the study of NDEs."
AERODYNAMIC CHARACTERIZATION OF A CANARD GUIDED ARTILLERY PROJECTILE

[Abstract] An aerodynamic characterization of a 155mm canard guided artillery projectile was completed at the US Army RDECOM-ARDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ. A parametric study was completed with various canard configurations. Initial configurations were modeled using different aerodynamic prediction software (PRODAS and Missile DATCOM). One configuration was modeled using commercially available computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software. Select configurations were fabricated and tested at the RDECOM-ARDEC wind tunnel facility. These characterizations provided a comparison between measured wind tunnel aerodynamic coefficients and estimated aerodynamic coefficients obtained from both aerodynamic prediction simulations and CFD model. The aerodynamic coefficients presented are essential for use in designing canard-guided projectiles.
Analysis on results of the measles surveillance in Xuchang city from 2006-2010

Objective: To analyze the monitoring situation and epidemiological characteristics of measles in Xuchang from 2006-2010,in order to provide scientific basis for measles elimination.Methods:The method of ELLSAc was adopted to examine M-IgM in the serum of suspected cases.Results:There were 618 positive cases of measles in 912 samples.The positive rate was 67.76%. Incidence was mainly in scatter instances with the existence of local outbreaks points.February to May is the high-frequency time in one year,which were mainly children aged under 15,accounting for 87.86%.The prevelence rate was 39.16% for those younger than 1 year.Conclusion: The measles is low spreading in Xuchang from 2006-2010.Children without MV immune experience were the high-risk group of measles incidence and morbidity of those under 7 months were on the rise.
How Schrödinger’s Cat Became a Zombie

Research on cultural transfers between science and religion has not paid enough attention to popular science. This article develops models that grasp the complexities of the epidemiology of science-based representations in non-scientific contexts by combining tools from the cognitive science of religion, the history, sociology, and philosophy of science, and the study of new religious movements. The popularization of science is conceptualized as a process of cognitive optimization, which starts with the communication efforts of scientists in science-internal forums and accelerates in popular science. The popularization process narrows the range of scientific representations that reach the public domain in structured ways: it attracts minimally counterintuitive representations, minimizes the massively counterintuitive, and re-represents (or translates) hard-to-process concepts in inferentially rich metaphors. This filtered sample trigger new processes of meaning-making as they are picked up and re-embedded in new cultural contexts.
A data‐driven approach to conditional screening of high‐dimensional variables

Marginal screening is a widely applied technique to handily reduce the dimensionality of the data when the number of potential features overwhelms the sample size. Because of the nature of the marginal screening procedures, they are also known for their difficulty in identifying the so-called hidden variables that are jointly important but have weak marginal associations with the response variable. Failing to include a hidden variable in the screening stage has two undesirable consequences: (1) important features are missed out in model selection, and (2) biased inference is likely to occur in the subsequent analysis. Motivated by some recent work in conditional screening, we propose a data-driven conditional screening algorithm, which is computationally efficient, enjoys the sure screening property under weaker assumptions on the model and works robustly in a variety of settings to reduce false negatives of hidden variables. Numerical comparison with alternatives screening procedures is also made to shed light on the relative merit of the proposed method. We illustrate the proposed methodology using a leukaemia microarray data example. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A randomized comparison of two doses of human lymphoblastoid interferon- alpha in hairy cell leukemia. Wellcome HCL Study Group

One hundred thirty-eight patients with hairy cell leukemia were randomized to receive either a dose of 2.0 megaunits (MU)/m2 or a 10-fold lower dose of 0.2 MU/m2 of a highly purified natural alpha-interferon, administered daily for 28 days followed by a three times a week schedule. Ninety-seven of these patients had previously undergone splenectomy, but otherwise none of the patients had received prior therapy for their leukemia. The two doses were comparable in their effect on improving the neutrophil and platelet count, whereas the higher dose had a greater beneficial effect on the hemoglobin level and a greater antileukemic effect on the marrow. Acute toxicity in the form of a flu-like syndrome, neurologic side effects, neutropenia, and the need for platelet transfusions was observed less frequently in the low-dose group, as was the chronic fatigue syndrome. No neutralizing antibody activity was seen in the sera from 61 patients examined. Because of its beneficial effect on the neutrophil and platelet count and a lower degree of toxicity (ie, a superior therapeutic/toxicity ratio), the low dose is recommended as initial therapy in patients with hairy cell leukemia. This therapy may be followed by dose escalation once clinical improvement is observed.
Analysis of Clonal Contributions to T Lymphoid and Myeloid Lineages during Early Hematopoiesis Following Autologous Transplantation in the Rhesus Macaque.

Hematopoietic stem cells are defined by their ability both to self-renew and to differentiate into cells that repopulate all hematopoietic lineages. A common lymphoid progenitor (CLP) from mouse marrow has been phenotypically purified and shown to only transiently repopulate all lymphoid lineages (T, B, and NK) but not myeloid lineages when transplanted into lethally irradiated recipients (Kondo et al, 1997). Using the rhesus macaque as a model for human hematopoiesis, we asked whether lineage-restricted repopulating cells contribute to hematopoietic output and for how long following engraftment. In order to follow the progeny of progenitor or stem cell clones in vivo, retroviral vectors were used to mark primitive hematopoietic cells before reinfusion into lethally irradiated autologous recipients. The conditions utilized result in high level of stable retroviral marking in all lineages. We have previously reported use of the sensitive Linear Amplification Mediated - Polymerase Chain Reaction (LAM-PCR) showing that a highly polyclonal set of stable clones accounts for myelopoiesis (Schmidt et al, 2002). In the current study, detailed characterization of the full array of clones contributing to granulocytes, T-lymphocytes, and B-lymphocytes post-engraftment was performed, via sequence analysis of individual clones delineated by individual insertion site sequences at various time points following transplantation of CD34+ cells. Thus far, we have identified 59 granulocyte and 148 T-lymphocyte clones at 1 month following transplantation. Most clones detected at this time point uniquely contribute to only the lineage from which they were identified, only three clones were common to both lineages (1.5% overlap, 95%CI=(0–3.1%)), suggesting independent cells are responsible for hematopoietic reconstitution at this early time point. Six-months following transplantation fewer clones were detected to contribute to hematopoiesis. Interestingly, of the 22 granulocyte and 46 T-lymphocyte clones identified, only two were shared between both lineages (3.0% overlap, 95%CI= (0–7.2%)), further supporting the hypothesis that lineage committed progenitors are responsible for both early and potentially more stable hematopoiesis in this model. To our knowledge, no other study has provided such an extensive characterization of clones contributing to early or more stable in vivo hematopoiesis in the primate model. Preliminary sequence specific tracking experiments reveal that the clones contributing at six-months remain lineage specific over time. Further tracking of clones is being conducted to fully assess the role of such lineage specific progenitor cells in B-lymphopoiesis and long-term hematopoiesis.
Monitoring and Modeling Performance of Communications in Computational Grids

Computational grids may include many machines located in a number of sites. For efficient use of the grid we need to have an ability to estimate the time it takes to communicate data between the machines. For dynamic distributed grids it is unrealistic to know exact parameters of the communication hardware and the current communication traffic and we should rely on a model of the network performance to estimate the message delivery time. Our approach to a construction of such a model is based on observation of the messages delivery time with various message sizes and time scales. We record these observations in a database and use them to build a model of the message delivery time. Our experiments show presence of multiple bands in the logarithm of the message delivery times. These multiple bands represent multiple paths messages travel between the grid machines and are incorporated in our multiband model.
Institutions and International Entrepreneurship

In this study, we rerun and extend the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) first analyzed by Busenitz, Gomez, and Spencer (2000). As in the original study, we develop a 3-factor model for the Country Institutional Profile (CIP) for entrepreneurship. This measure is designed to assess the institutional makeup of a given country and its population in terms of three domains: regulatory (state policies and legal frameworks), cognitive (shared social knowledge), and normative (common value systems). More specifically, the measure focuses on how each of these domains relates to entrepreneurship. In addition, we test several competing models with different factor structures based on institutional theory. We conclude that the 3-factor model presented in the original study provides the best fit for the data. However, we also caution that it only affords a modest fit and does not provide invariance across the countries tested. In its current state the instrument may not prove directly useful for future research.
Computational Study of UV-Induced Excitations of DNA Fragments

The recent experimental and theoretical results in elucidating the structures and properties of ultraviolet (UV)-induced electronic excitations of DNA fragments and related analogs are discussed. Although, the electronic absorption maxima of nucleic acid bases are in the UV region of the energy spectrum, these genetic molecules are highly photostable. The observed photostability is the outcome of the extremely short excited state life-times. This fundamental characteristic of nucleic acid bases on the other hand is attained by the ultrafast nonradiative decay through internal conversion. Recent theoretical investigations unambiguously show that excited state geometries are generally nonplanar, though the amount of nonplanarity depends on the level of theory used in the calculation. It is also evident that conical intersections involving ground and excited state potential energy surfaces are instrumental for such nonradiative deactivation. Though, theory and experiments are complementary to each other, but the experimental progress in studying excited state properties are far ahead compared to the theoretical methods. For example, it is still very challenging for an extensive investigation of excited state properties of systems like nucleic acid bases at multi-configurational theoretical levels and with large basis sets augmented with diffuse functions. The theoretical and computational bottleneck impedes the investigation of effect of stacking interaction, which is of the fundamental importance for DNA, at the reliable theoretical level. However, we hope that with the theoretical and computational advances such investigations will be possible in near future
Volatility of Tornadogenesis: An Ensemble of Simulated Nontornadic and Tornadic Supercells in VORTEX2 Environments

AbstractDespite an increased understanding of the environments that favor tornado formation, a high false-alarm rate for tornado warnings still exists, suggesting that tornado formation could be a volatile process that is largely internal to each storm. To assess this, an ensemble of 30 supercell simulations was constructed based on small variations to the nontornadic and tornadic environmental profiles composited from the second Verification of the Origins of Rotation in Tornadoes Experiment (VORTEX2). All simulations produce distinct supercells despite occurring in similar environments. Both the tornadic and nontornadic ensemble members possess ample subtornadic surface vertical vorticity; the determinative factor is whether this vorticity can be converged and stretched by the low-level updraft. Each of the 15 members in the tornadic VORTEX2 ensemble produces a long-track, intense tornado. Although there are notable differences in the precipitation and near-surface buoyancy fields, each storm features s...
Imaging Neoadjuvant Therapy Response in Breast Cancer

The use of neoadjuvant systemic therapy in the treatment of breast cancer patients is increasing beyond the scope of locally advanced disease. Imaging provides important information in assessing response to therapy as a complement to conventional tumor measurements via physical examination. The purpose of this article is to discuss the advantages and limitations of current assessment methods, as well as review functional and molecular imaging approaches being investigated as emerging techniques for evaluating neoadjuvant therapy response for patients with primary breast cancer. © RSNA, 2017.
Reading the Stars at the Ottoman Court: Bāyezīd ii (r. 886/1481-918/1512) and His Celestial Interests

This study seeks to determine the extent of the patronage of the science of the stars ( ʿilm al-nuǧūm ) at the court of the eighth Ottoman sultan Bāyezīd II (r. 886/1481-918/1512). Throughout the medieval and early modern Islamicate world munaǧǧim s (astronomer-astrologers) offered rulers their expertise in calculating heavenly configurations and interpreting them with a view to predicting future events; here the Ottoman polity is no exception. In the case of Bāyezīd II , however, the sheer number of munaǧǧim s employed and texts and instruments commissioned by or dedicated to the sultan unequivocally singles him out and makes it possible to further argue that his deliberate attempt to personally study and cultivate the science of the stars was inextricably related to the broader political, ideological, and cultural agendas at the time. The first part of the article provides statistical evidence on the exceptional nature of Bāyezīd’s patronization of the science of the stars based upon a number of archival documents, taqwīm s (annual almanac-prognostications) and related texts presented to the sultan. Here a number of key munaǧǧim s active at his court will also be introduced. The second part focuses upon Bāyezīd’s own learned interests and intellectual aspirations, and examine the celestial inquiries of the sultan in light of a few curious archival reports, textual evidence from surviving manuscripts, and testimonies of his contemporaries.Cette etude vise a apprecier l’etendue du mecenat sur la science des etoiles ( ʿilmal-nuǧūm ) a la cour du huitieme sultan ottoman Bāyezīd II (r. 886/1481-918/1512). Dans tout le monde islamique medieval et premoderne, les munaǧǧim s (astronomes-astrologues) offrirent aux gouvernants leur expertise pour calculer les configurations celestes et les interpreter en vue de predire les evenements futurs. De ce point de vue, la politique ottomane ne fait pas exception. Cependant, dans le cas de Bāyezīd II , le nombre incroyable de munaǧǧim s employes, de textes et d’instruments commandes par ou dedicace pour le sultan le distinguent clairement et permettent d’avancer que sa tentative deliberee d’etudier personnellement et de cultiver la science des etoiles etait inextricablement liee a un programme politique, ideologique et culturel plus large a l’epoque. La premiere partie de l’article donne les preuves statistiques de la nature exceptionnelle du mecenat de Bāyezīd sur la science des etoiles en s’appuyant sur un certain nombre de documents d’archives, de taqwīm s (almanachs-prognostics annuels) et de textes apparentes presentes au sultan. Un certain nombre de munaǧǧim s importants actifs a sa cour y seront egalement presentes. La deuxieme partie se concentre sur les propres interets savants et les aspirations intellectuelles de Bāyezīd et examine les aspirations celestes du sultan a la lumiere de quelques curieux rapports d’archives, de preuves textuelles provenant de manuscrits et de temoignages de ses contemporains.This article is in English.
ANSYS Workbench System Coupling: a state-of-the-art computational framework for analyzing multiphysics problems

Due to the interactions between more than one physics, multiphysics problems such as those encountered in aerospace, biomedical, civil, and nuclear engineering domains tend to be extremely challenging to simulate. This paper discusses a novel and versatile computational framework called System Coupling being developed at ANSYS Inc. that can simulate complex multiphysics coupled problems and also presents comprehensive verification and validation studies. System Coupling is a generic computational infrastructure that allows individual physics solvers running as different processes either within the same physical machine or on different machines in the network to communicate with one another using an in-house socket-based remote procedure call library. The infrastructure is capable of handling a variety of multiphysics coupled analyses such as those related to fluid–structure–thermal interactions. Thus far, ANSYS Mechanical/APDL, ANSYS FLUENT, and ANSYS CFX which are ANSYS’ major computational structural and fluid dynamics solvers were instrumented to work with the System Coupling infrastructure. Verification and validation studies involving different fluid–structure interaction scenarios drawn from a variety of applications in various engineering domains are presented in the paper.
Toward a leading indicator of catastrophic shifts in complex systems: Assessing changing conditions in nation states.

Abstract The 20th century was characterized by substantial change on a global scale. There were multiple wars and unrest, social and political transitions, technological innovation and widespread development that impacted every corner of the earth. In order to assess the sustainability implications of these changes, we conducted a study of three advanced nations particularly affected during this time: France, Germany and the United States (USA). All three nation states withstood these changes and yet continued to thrive, which speaks to their resilience. However, we were interested in determining whether any of these countries underwent a regime shift during this period and if they did, whether there was advanced warning that transition was imminent. This study seeks to evaluate systemic trends in each country by exploring key variables that describe its condition over time. We use Fisher Information to assess changing conditions in the nation states based on trends in social, economic and environmental variables and employ Bayes Theorem as an objective means of determining whether declines in Fisher information provide early warning signals of critical transitions. Results indicate that while the United States was relatively stable and France experienced a great deal of change during this period, only Germany appeared to undergo a regime shift. Further, each country exhibited decreasing Fisher information when approaching significant events (e.g., World Wars, Great Depression), and reflected unique mechanisms linked to dynamic changes in each nation state. This study highlights the potential of using trends in Fisher information as a sentinel for evaluating dynamic change and assessing resilience in coupled human and natural systems.
Postoperative Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) and Common Postoperative Problems

Learn the key elements of a PACU sign-out Review the most common postoperative anesthetic complications Understand the criteria for discharge from the PACU
Effects of Constant and Rising Temperatures on Survival and Developmental Rates of Embryonic and Larval Yellow Perch, Perca flavescens (Mitchill)

The yellow perch, Perca flavescens (Mitchill), is an important sport, commercial, and forage fish species indigenous to the eastern part of the United States and Canada. Available data on its thermal requirements consist of thermal tolerance and preference of juveniles. Hart (1947) reported that the ultimate upper incipient lethal temperature of yellow perch was 29.7°C when acclimated to 25°C. The final preferendum of young yellow perch was 24.2°C; older perch preferred 21°C (Ferguson, 1958). Mansueti (1964) described the egg strands of the yellow perch and the morphology and anatomy of embryonic, larval, and juvenile stages and noted the coincidence during development with the Eurasian yellow perch, Perca fluviatilis (Linnaeus). Swift (1965) published a table of percentage mortality and average time to hatch for P. fluviatilis at various temperatures. Kokurewicz (1969) also described the effect of constant temperature on developmental rate of P. fluviatilis up to the time of hatch.
An Investigation of Flight Deck Data Link in the Terminal Area

The Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) and Europe's Single European Sky ATM Research (SESAR) concepts require an increased use of trajectory-based operations, including extensive strategic air traffic control clearances. The clearances are lengthy and complex, which necessitate data link communications to allow for message permanence and integration into the autoflight systems (i.e., autoload capability). This paper examines the use of flight deck data link communications for strategic and tactical clearance usage in the terminal area. A human-in-the-loop simulation was conducted using a high-fidelity flight deck simulator, with ten commercial flight crews as participants. Data were collected from six flight scenarios in the San Francisco terminal airspace. The variables of interest were ATC message modality (voice v. data link), temporal quality of the message (tactical v. strategic) and message length. Dependent variables were message response times, communication clarifications, communication-related errors, and pilot workload. Response time results were longer in data link compared to voice, a finding that has been consistently revealed in a number of other simulations [1]. In addition, strategic clearances and longer messages resulted in a greater number of clarifications and errors, suggesting an increase in uncertainty of message interpretation for the flight crews when compared to tactical clearances. The implications for strategic and compound clearance usage in NextGen and SESAR are discussed
Using a Network of WSR-88D Weather Surveillance Radars to Define Patterns of Bird Migration at Large Spatial Scales

Only one study has examined nocturnal bird migration at a continent-wide scale in North America, and it was limited to four nights in October (Lowery and Newman 1966). Most radar studies of bird migration have been restricted to the surveillance areas of single radars. Few studies have examined simultaneously bird migration at multiple radar sites (e.g., Richardson 1972 gathered data simultaneously from three surveillance radars), and no studies have used a national network of surveillance radars to simultaneously detect, quantify, and monitor migration nightly during migration seasons. The following chapter details a methodology developed in the year 2000 for using the network of 140 Doppler weather surveillance radars (WSR-88D) in the United States (Fig. 1) to study the night-to-night patterns of bird migration in spring and fall at regional and national scales.
Action Categorization for Computationally Improved Task Learning and Planning: Extended Abstract

This paper explores the problem of task learning and planning, contributing the Action-Category Representation (ACR) to improve computational performance of both Planning and Reinforcement Learning (RL). ACR is an algorithm-agnostic, abstract data representation that maps objects to action categories (groups of actions), inspired by the psychological concept of action codes. We validate our approach in StarCraft and Lightworld domains; our results demonstrate several benefits of ACR relating to improved computational performance of planning and RL, by reducing the action space for the agent.
Acquiring a first language in adolescence: the case of basic word order in American Sign Language

Previous studies suggest that age of acquisition affects the outcomes of learning, especially at the morphosyntactic level. Unknown is how syntactic development is affected by increased cognitive maturity and delayed language onset. The current paper studied the early syntactic development of adolescent first language learners by examining word order patterns in American Sign Language (ASL). ASL uses a basic Subject-Verb-Object order, but also employs multiple word order variations. Child learners produce variable word order at the initial stage of acquisition, but later primarily produce canonical word order. We asked whether adolescent first language learners acquire ASL word order in a fashion parallel to child learners. We analyzed word order preference in spontaneous language samples from four adolescent L1 learners collected longitudinally from 12 months to six years of ASL exposure. Our results suggest that adolescent L1 learners go through stages similar to child native learners, although this process also appears to be prolonged.
Library Support for Student Financial Literacy: A Survey of Librarians at Large Academic Institutions

Financial literacy came to the forefront as the 2013–2014 presidential focus of the Association of College a Research Libraries division of the American Library Association, bringing increased attention to the topic among academic librarians and encouraging an exploration into new and developing roles for academic libraries in financial education. Via a survey of academic librarians at large universities of more than 10,000 students, the authors seek to determine what types of financial literacy support academic libraries are providing, who is participating, what prompted the initiatives, and what are the main barriers, challenges, and opportunities.
Mildred Rebstock: Profile of the Medicinal Chemist Who Synthesized Chloramphenicol.

This year marks the 70th anniversary since Parke-Davis and Company announced the synthesis of chloramphenicol, the first naturally occurring antibiotic to be chemically generated in vitro for large-scale production. The effort was led by the chemist Mildred Rebstock, Ph.D., (1919 to 2011), who would turn 100 years old this year. Her accomplishment, at a time when very few chemists in the United States were women, was celebrated internationally. This commentary reviews her important contribution.
Taste Responses in the Nucleus of the Solitary Tract of Awake Obese Rats Are Blunted Compared With Those in Lean Rats

Taste perception changes with obesity but the underlying neural changes remain poorly understood. To address this issue, we recorded taste responses from single cells in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS, the first synapse in the central gustatory circuit) in awake, diet-induced obese [(DIO; ≥ 8 weeks on a high-energy diet (45%fat, 17% sugar; HED)], and lean rats. Rats were implanted with a bundle of microelectrodes in the NTS and allowed to recover. Water-deprived rats were allowed to freely lick various tastants in an experimental chamber. Taste stimuli included an array of sapid stimuli dissolved in artificial saliva (AS). Each taste trial consisted of five consecutive licks followed by five AS licks presented on a VR5 schedule. Results showed that taste responses (n = 49 for DIO; n = 74 for lean rats) in NTS cells in DIO rats were smaller in magnitude, shorter in duration, and longer in latency that those in lean rats. However, there were proportionately more taste-responsive cells in DIO than in lean rats. Lick coherence in DIO rats was significantly lower than in lean rats, both in taste-responsive, and lick-related cells (n = 172 in lean; n = 65 in DIO). Analyses of temporal coding showed that taste cells in DIO rats conveyed less information about taste quality than cells in lean rats. Collectively, results suggest that a HED produces blunted, but more prevalent, responses to taste in the NTS, and a weakened association of taste responses with ingestive behavior. These neural adaptations may represent both negative effects and compensatory mechanisms of a HED that may underlie deficits in taste-related behavior associated with obesity.
The Impact of New Technology

Under what conditions can an addition to the present technology of fertility control have a measurable demographic impact and what are the central characteristics of the required technology?
Oviductal Retention of Embryos in Female Mice Lacking Estrogen Receptor α in the Isthmus and the Uterus

Estrogen receptor α (ESR1; encoded by Esr1) is a crucial nuclear transcription factor for female reproduction and is expressed throughout the female reproductive tract. To assess the function of ESR1 in reproductive tissues without confounding effects from a potential developmental defect arising from global deletion of ESR1, we generated a mouse model in which Esr1 was specifically ablated during postnatal development. To accomplish this, a progesterone receptor Cre line (PgrCre) was bred with Esr1f/f mice to create conditional knockout of Esr1 in reproductive tissues (called PgrCreEsr1KO mice) beginning around 6 days after birth. In the PgrCreEsr1KO oviduct, ESR1 was most efficiently ablated in the isthmic region. We found that at 3.5 days post coitus (dpc), embryos were retrieved from the uterus in control littermates while all embryos were retained in the PgrCreEsr1KO oviduct. Additionally, serum progesterone (P4) levels were significantly lower in PgrCreEsr1KO compared to controls at 3.5 dpc. This finding suggests that expression of ESR1 in the isthmus and normal P4 levels allow for successful embryo transport from the oviduct to the uterus. Therefore, alterations in oviductal isthmus ESR1 signaling and circulating P4 levels could be related to female infertility conditions such as tubal pregnancy.
Electrolytic Generation of Trapped Nanobubbles via Nucleation Core with Picoliter Precision

A design configuration and methodology for control of electrolytic generation of gas bubbles within microfluidic devices is presented that achieves decreased power consumption and improved volume precision. Electrolytic generation of single trapped nanoliter-microbubbles within microchannels at picoliter precision ( $\sigma_{\bar{\mathrm{x}}}$ down to 1.1 pL) was achieved by employing a large surface area counter electrode (CE). We also attained reduced energy consumption (up to 44%). Micro and macro CEs with areas spanning five orders of magnitude were evaluated while holding the micro working electrode (WE) area constant. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first investigation into the relationship between CE size and nanobubble volume repeatability with implications on electrochemical bubble-based microfluidic devices.
Crayfish and Drosophila NMJs

Many synaptic studies have utilized the experimental advantages of the Arthropod NMJ and the most prominent preparations have been the crayfish and Drosophila larval NMJs. Early cellular studies in the crayfish established the framework for later molecular studies in Drosophila. The two neuromuscular systems are compared including the advantages presented by each preparation for cellular analysis. Beginning with the early work in the crayfish, research developments are followed in the areas of structure/function relationships, activity-dependent synaptic plasticity/development and synaptic homeostasis. A reoccurring theme in these studies is the regulation of active zone structure and function. Early studies in the crayfish focused on the role of active zone number/size and possible functional heterogeneity in regulating transmitter release. Recent studies in Drosophila have begun to characterize this heterogeneity using new approaches that combine imaging of transmitter release, Ca2+ influx and molecular composition for individual active zones.
Innate immune signaling and sex differences contribute to neurocognitive impairment, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial rewiring in a mouse model of Gulf War illness

Abstract Gulf War Illness (GWI) is a chronic, multi-symptom disorder affecting approximately 30 percent of the nearly 700,000 veterans of the 1991 Persian Gulf War. Recent studies have revealed that GWI-related chemical (GWIC) exposure promotes immune activation and metabolic rewiring, which correlate with neurocognitive impairments and other symptoms of GWI. However, the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways linking GWIC to inflammation, metabolic alterations, and neurological symptoms remain unclear. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been documented in veterans with GWI and rodent models, and because mitochondria are key immune regulators, we hypothesized that alterations to mitochondria-immune crosstalk could contribute to the development of GWI-related symptoms. Here we show that acute exposure of murine macrophages to GWIC alters mitochondrial respiration and potentiates innate immune signaling and inflammatory cytokine secretion. Using an established mouse model of GWI, we report that neurobehavioral changes, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial protein rewiring are attenuated in mice lacking the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) and NOD-, LRR- or pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) innate immune pathways. Finally, we report sex differences in response to GWIC, with female mice showing more pronounced cognitive impairment, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial protein alterations in the brain compared to male mice. Our results provide novel information on sex differences in this model and suggest that STING and NLRP3 are key mediators of the cognitive impairment, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction observed in GWI.
Mutual Assent, Normative Degradation and Mass Market Standard Form Contracts -- A Critique of Boilerplate: The Fine Print, Vanishing Rights and the Rule of Law , Part I

Analyzing a difficult subject that pervades contract law and which is vital to the national economy, many scholars have written about boilerplate contracts. With her 2013 book, Boilerplate: The Fine Print, Vanishing Rights And The Rule Of Law, Professor Margaret Jane Radin weighs in on the discussion, rejecting utilitarian-welfare notions that economic efficiency can justify the extensive use of mass market boilerplate. In her main contention, Radin argues that mass market standard form contracts improperly degrade consumer rights in the area of voluntary consent (herein “normative degradation”). I respectfully suggest that the book has problems on both doctrinal and normative grounds. In my Article, I summarize the author’s argument on normative degradation, identify my concerns, and propose an alternative formulation. Please be advised that the article is not in its final form and that quotations taken from it may not be identical to the work ultimately appearing in the Cleveland State Law Review.
Flood early warning systems under changing climate and extreme events

Abstract Flooding is one of the costliest natural disasters both economically and in terms of human lives. The destructive capabilities of flooding have the potential to destabilize entire nations due to the large-scale economic damage inflicted as well as the death and displacement of a large population. Modern flood warning systems (FWSs) have been developed and evolved to serve various needs of different communities, regions, or nations, especially those that are prone to flooding. Because the needs for FWSs differ significantly in terms of scopes, sizes, and complexities, they also differ significantly in terms of capabilities and advantages. To help readers have a broader and deeper understanding of different FWSs, this chapter provides a general overview of FWSs, including gauge networks, radar and satellite precipitation measurements, hydrologic and hydraulic modeling, and data-driven (DD) methods with detailed introductions for each type of FWSs (monitoring, radar-based, and DD). The authors believe that a continued investment in FWSs as sustainable urban development practices and a global adoption of such practices will minimize flood damages to the greatest extent.