cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Three Dimensional Modeling of the Lamination of Unfired Ceramics With Fugitive Phases

The dimensional accuracy of finished ceramic components depends upon the precise control of the unfired ceramic body prior to sintering. One approach for creating precise geometries is the fugitive phase approach. In the fugitive phase approach, the fugitive phase is a sacrificial material that can be removed to form channels in the finished ceramic component. In this paper, the authors computationally examine the fugitive phase approach; in particular, the lamination step of the fugitive phase approach is modeled. In the lamination step the unfired ceramic phases are combined with the fugitive phases through the application of pressure. For this research, the unfired ceramic phase consists of tape cast mullite and the fugitive phase is paper. These phases are laminated together in a die press to form a multilayer material. The compression of the die press causes pressure gradients, viscoelastic deformation, and rebounding of the unfired ceramic phases. In addition, the die press can cause movement of the fugitive phase pieces leaving unfilled voids. Three dimensional modeling is necessary to accurately capture the movement of the fugitive phase pieces. In this work the authors examine the viscoelastic deformation of the unfired ceramic phase, movement of the fugitive phase, the creation and filling of voids, pressure gradients, and the rebounding that occurs when the unfired ceramic body is removed from the die press. The information obtained from computational simulations will be used to help direct experimental investigations of the fugitive phase approach for fabrication of complex ceramic components.© 2014 ASME
The Risk of Intraocular Pressure Elevation in Pediatric Noninfectious Uveitis.

Purpose To characterize the risk and risk factors for intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation in pediatric noninfectious uveitis. Design Multicenter retrospective cohort study. Participants Nine hundred sixteen children (1593 eyes) younger than 18 years at presentation with noninfectious uveitis followed up between January 1978 and December 2007 at 5 academic uveitis centers in the United States. Methods Medical records review by trained, certified experts. Main Outcome Measures Prevalence and incidence of IOP of 21 mmHg or more and 30 mmHg or more and incidence of a rise in IOP by 10 mmHg or more. To avoid underascertainment, outcomes were counted as present when IOP-lowering therapies were in use. Results Initially, 251 (15.8%) and 46 eyes (2.9%) had IOP ≥21 mmHg and ≥30 mmHg, respectively. Factors significantly associated with presenting IOP elevation included age of 6 to 12 years (versus other pediatric ages), prior cataract surgery, pars plana vitrectomy, duration of uveitis ≥6 months, contralateral IOP elevation, presenting visual acuity worse than 20/40, and topical corticosteroid use (in a dose-response relationship). The median follow-up was 1.25 years (interquartile range, 0.4–3.66). The estimated incidence of any observed IOP elevation to ≥21 mmHg, to ≥30 mmHg, and increase in IOP by ≥10 mmHg was 33.4%, 14.8%, and 24.4%, respectively, within 2 years. Factors associated with IOP elevation included pars plana vitrectomy, contralateral IOP elevation (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], up to 9.54; P P P P Conclusions Intraocular pressure elevation affects a large minority of children with noninfectious uveitis. Statistically significant risk factors include IOP elevation or use of IOP-lowering treatment in the contralateral eye and local corticosteroid use that demonstrated a dose-and route of administration-dependent relationship. In contrast, use of immunosuppressive drug therapy did not increase such risk. Pediatric eyes with noninfectious uveitis should be followed up closely for IOP elevation, especially when strong risk factors such as the use of local corticosteroids and contralateral IOP elevation are present.
Community-Level HIV Risk Behaviors and HIV Prevalence among Women and Men in Zimbabwe

Most studies on HIV risk in sub-Saharan Africa focus on individual-level sociodemographic and behavioral correlates of risk. Only recently have researchers and programmers considered the context within which individuals live. This study uses the 2005–6 Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Survey to examine the correlation between the prevalence of HIV at the community level and the prevalence of HIV risk-taking behaviors. Results show that women and men living in communities with higher HIV prevalence in the opposite sex are at increased risk of HIV. In addition, rural women and men living in communities with greater premarital and nonmarital sex are at greater risk of HIV. Finally, HIV prevalence is higher among women and men living in urban areas with higher intimate partner violence. Programs should address community-level social norms that make high-risk behaviors acceptable and thus increase all women and men's risk of HIV, not just those engaged in high-risk behaviors.
Clustering of metabolic abnormalities in obese individuals: the role of genetic factors.

The objective of this paper is to review the current evidence in support of genetic factors underlying the clustering of components of the metabolic syndrome in obese individuals. It has become clear that individual features of the metabolic syndrome are partially determined by familial factors some of which are unique to a given component and others that are shared among several features. A few candidate genes, encoding proteins of glucose, insulin and lipid metabolism, lipolytic cascade, fatty acid intestinal absorption, glucocorticoid metabolism, haemostasis and blood pressure, have been associated with a clustering of metabolic abnormalities, although the functional significance of these associations remains to be established. Furthermore, genetic polymorphisms, such as those detected at several lipoprotein metabolism loci, can modulate the relationships between different components of the metabolic syndrome. An overfeeding study conducted on identical twins has demonstrated that genetic factors play ...
Sensible heat thermal storage energy and exergy performance evaluations

Abstract Sensible heat thermal energy storage has been drawing increasing attention for various applications for many years, which is an important technology for solving the time-discrepancy problem of waste or renewable energy utilization. This paper reviews available technologies for sensible heat storage under various operating conditions and storage tank geometries. Several aspects from sensible storage material, water stratification phenomenon, heat storage heat transfer modes, and various influencing factors, have been detailed for introduction. The influencing factors for energy and exergy performance were investigated and summarized from the fluid mass flow rate, storage tank geometrical structure, fluid properties, fluid inlet temperature, etc. The performance comparison with the latent thermal storage system was also briefly studied. The paper is beneficial for the researchers and engineers to design more efficient and optimized sensible storage systems.
The More Things Change, the Less They Seem 'Transformed': Some Reflections on Fair Use

Owners and users of copyrighted works, as well as judges and information policy theorists have struggled over the last century and a half to explain why U.S. copyright needs a fair use defense, and the kinds of uses that should be eligible for the privilege. The codification of four tests for fair use in the 1976 Copyright Act did little to resolve disputes or clarify the appropriate application of the doctrine to the variety of controversies that typically arise each year: for example, academic photocopying or the use of extensive quotations or borrowing of images, plot devices or characters for new creative uses. Most recently, an influential law review article, and a Supreme Court decision that cited to it heavily, suggested another approach to fair use, one ostensibly driven by the core policies underlying copyright. The new test asks whether the user's work transforms what is borrowed from the first author; with rare exceptions, it is said, only someone who has made such a transformative use can raise a colorable claim of fair use. The policy that supports it is the promotion of creativity for public enlightenment. Unfortunately, subsequent judicial opinions have been unable to agree on the kinds of uses that meet the criterion of being transformative. I suggest two problems. First, all that we learn from the transformative use test is that the defendant has created a derivative work, and not whether the use she makes of someone else's intellectual property should be privileged or retained under the exclusive control of the copyright owner. Second, the policies underlying copyright do not so clearly cut in favor free use in derivative works but a requirement of permission and payment for straight copying -- for example, copying an article from a journal in the course of doing academic research. The paper argues that fair use should be designed to give courts flexibility to favor the public interest in free access when the benefits are significant and the costs to copyright owners in damaged incentives are speculative or comparatively insubstantial. But flexibility carries its own costs because uncertainty ex ante about what can and cannot be borrowed or adapted without permission or payment is likely to overdeter socially beneficial and economically acceptable (fair) uses. The paper argues in favor of greater clarity in the rules, but expresses dissatisfaction with broad top-down principles or open-ended balancing tests to get there. It suggests, unfashionably, that we might do better to take a bottom up approach based on carefully nuanced attention to factual and institutional detail. This may result in small areas of agreement about what is and is not fair in particular situations and hopefully will, over time, result in a coalescence of agreements that will finally generate an intelligible approach to this difficult topic.
Family-Based Re-Entry Programming: A Promising Tool for Reducing Recidivism and Mitigating the Economic and Societal Costs of Incarceration in California

This paper explores the possibility of introducing family-based re-entry programming into California's correctional establishments as a means of facilitating an offender's successful transition from prison into society. Increasing the occurrence of successful reintegration will ultimately decrease the space constraints and costs associated with California's prison system and simultaneously work to mitigate the harmful collateral effects that imprisonment has on families and communities. After examining various models of family-based programming employed in other states, both short-term and long-term incorporation options are proposed, which are designed specifically to dovetail with California's existing structure. This proposal for gradual implementation incorporates the strongest components of the programs studied and is likely to result in higher success rates among offenders exiting prison.
Water conservation education as a tool to empower water users to reduce water use

There is a finite supply of global fresh water available for human consumption, which is in great demand from both humans and the environment. As technology and populations increase, so do the demands and pressure on this limited resource. Demand far too often outstrips supply, requiring authorities to impose restrictions on water use. Recent research undertaken by Rand Water, in the Rand Water supply area (in and around Gauteng, South Africa) points to the desire from end users to be empowered with knowledge to make their own decisions on water use reduction, rather than to have authoritative restrictions imposed on them. This observation indicates the importance of water conservation education and awareness campaigns to facilitate the reduction in water consumption by consumers, and suggests that education is a priority in the implementation of water conservation strategies.
Management of Eosinophilic Esophagitis During Pregnancy

There are currently limited data on the management of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) during pregnancy. At our center, however, we have followed several pregnant women with EoE and others have asked pertinent questions in pre-pregnancy counseling. The relatively young age of patients with EoE implies that many practitioners will also encounter patients with these questions. In this review, we use four cases to prompt a discussion about concerns focused on the safety of steroids and diet therapy during pregnancy and breast-feeding, potential nutritional risks with dietary elimination, how to optimize therapy, and whether endoscopic evaluation for monitoring of disease activity is safe during pregnancy and breast-feeding. An additional concern is whether the disease could progress during pregnancy and breast-feeding if no therapies are used. Although there are no studies specifically examining pregnant EoE patients, we have reviewed the literature relevant to this population as informed by the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease patients during pregnancy, where these issues have been studied in more depth. Providers who care for EoE patients who could become pregnant should familiarize themselves with these issues.
Parties, Brokers, and Voter Mobilization: How Turnout Buying Depends Upon the Party’s Capacity to Monitor Brokers

Despite its prevalence, little is known about when parties buy turnout. We emphasize the problem of parties monitoring local brokers with incentives to shirk. Our model suggests that parties extract greater turnout buying effort from their brokers where they can better monitor broker performance and where favorable voters would not otherwise turn out. Exploiting exogenous variation in the number of polling stations—and thus electoral information about broker performance—in Mexican electoral precincts, we find that greater monitoring capacity increases turnout and votes for the National Action Party (PAN) and the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). Consistent with our theoretical predictions, the effect of monitoring capacity on PRI votes varies nonlinearly with the distance of voters to the polling station: it first increases because rural voters—facing larger costs of voting—generally favor the PRI, before declining as the cost of incentivizing brokers increases. This nonlinearity is not present for the PAN, who stand to gain less from mobilizing rural voters.
Scientist-Teacher-Student Partnerships for Aerosol Optical Thickness Measurements in Support of Ground Validation Programs for Remote Sensing Spacecraft

Satellite-based retrievals of aerosol optical thickness (AOT) depend on mathematical models that interpret sunlight reflected from the Earth/atmosphere system. The best way to assess the performance of aerosol retrievals is to compare space-based data with ground-based data that include not just measurements of AOT, but also descriptions of sky and meteorological conditions (metadata). Automated systems such as AERONET provide the former, but not the latter. The GLOBE Program Aerosol Monitoring Project provides AOT at 505 nm and 625 nm, using handheld sun photometers developed especially for this program. The project protocol also requires reporting of air temperature, barometric pressure, relative humidity, cloud type and amount, and sky color and haziness. The paper presents a series of aerosol measurements made by GLOBE students during spring and summer, 2003, in Washington, DC, USA, and Cuxhaven, Germany. Measurements are timed to coincide with overflights of NASA’s Terra and Aqua spacecraft. Comparisons between GLOBE measurements and aerosol retrievals from the MODIS instrument are strikingly similar to comparisons of MODIS data with other ground-based aerosol measurements, demonstrating that working partnerships among scientists, teachers, and students provide opportunities for geographically dispersed research that is impractical for scientists to undertake by themselves.
A Cross-Cultural Field Study of Drug Rehabilitation Methodologies in Sweden and the United States:

Residential treatment centers for a variety of psychological problems have proliferated in the United States and in several countries throughout the world. Cross-cultural comparisons of such therapeutic communities afford the opportunity to examine theoretical systems and methods employed by agencies functioning within societies with a variety of sociopolitical histories and attitudes. The purpose of this study is to compare and contrast selected drug rehabilitation methodologies currently employed in Sweden with an American methodology that is exemplified by Synanon. The type of institutions reviewed is restricted to residential therapeutic communities.
Ontology-driven scene interpretation based on qualitative spatial reasoning

In this paper we present an approach to interpret composite objects in a scene and label them as members of a particular ontological feature class according to the spatial arrangements of their components. As these arrangements are often indicators of the functional role of the corresponding components, they can be viewed as spatial signatures for such features, and their analysis offers a strong lead for scene interpretation and labeling. In order to pursue this objective, we need efficient quantitative metrics to describe the spatial arrangements, and for that purpose we adopt the Histogram of Forces technique and fuzzy Allen-derived descriptions of spatial relations. This leads to the generation of pairwise metric expressions describing the spatial relations among individual components of a composite object. Such pairwise expressions can be aggregated to describe the overall spatial arrangement of an object’s components. Such layout tables of different objects can be compared through an assessment of their normalized cross-correlation, in order to compare their spatial layouts and decide whether they belong to the same feature class. Through this approach we are merging principles from scene interpretation, similarity assessment, and ontology to advance our capability to understand complex scenes. In this paper we present the components of our approach and also provide an application using three different classes of airports, to demonstrate its performance.
Obesity in Women: The Clinical Impact on Gastrointestinal and Reproductive Health and Disease Management

Approximately 36% of adult women in the United States are obese. Although obesity affects women similarly to men in terms of prevalence, there seem to be gender-specific differences in the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and treatment of obesity. Obesity is linked to comorbid diseases involving multiple organ systems, including the gastrointestinal tract, like gastroesophageal reflux disease, fatty liver disease, and gallstones. This article focuses on obesity in women, specifically the impact of obesity on gastrointestinal diseases and reproductive health, as well as the treatment of obesity in women.
Ideas of Difference

If the distinction self/other is at the basis of any human thought, if dualism is thus unavoidable, it is the distinction man/woman that is the most fundamental of all dichotomies. The concept of race, Colette Guillaumin has suggested, did not exist in its modern meaning, before the reality of black slavery, but now is taken as belonging to the natural order. The ‘difference’ between races was only clearly seen to exist when it fulfilled a socioeconomic need (Wittig, 1981, pp. 48–9). While some feminists consider that the concept of sexual difference is similarly an imposition by the oppressor in order to dominate others, there is no identifiable era in human society in which this concept was not in existence, no human society in which divisions of roles, divisons of presumed capabilities between the sexes do not exist. Marcelle Marini quotes Georges Ballandier’s Anthropologiques: ‘The relationship man/woman is the deepest foundation of all unequal relationships’, and points out that contesting this relationship is thus more menacing to society than contesting class and race relations (Marini, 1984, p. 248). ‘Difference’ is always defined, moreover, as ‘difference from man’, which is the ‘norm’.
Effects of microclimate and species identity on body temperature and thermal tolerance of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

An increase in temperature as a result of anthropogenic climate change is likely to have a significant impact on ground foraging ants, with species closer to the tropics thought to be at greater risk. However, the use of broad scale climate data rather than data from the microclimates ants inhabit brings into question these estimates. This study assesses the effect of microclimate on the body temperature of the dominant meat ant, Iridomyrmex purpureus (Smith, 1858), and the large bull ant Myrmecia brevinoda (Forel, 1910). The body temperature of these ants was recorded on the woodland floor and on the surface of a nearby log. No significant difference in body temperature was detected between the two species or between microclimates. However, a significant interaction between season and species was detected with post hoc analysis showing that the body temperature of M. brevinoda was higher than that of I. purpureus in summer but lower in winter. In addition, the CTmin and CTmax of nine ant species found in Armidale were determined and their warming tolerance calculated. The ants displayed a wide range of thermal tolerances with Aphaenogaster longiceps (Smith, 1858) having the highest CTmax of 48.52°C and Camponotus consobrinus (Erichson, 1842), which had the lowest CTmin of 0.11°C. The body temperatures recorded for deceased I. purpureus and M. brevinoda exposed to the sun exceeded their thermal tolerances, suggesting that these species utilise behavioural or physiological traits not present in deceased ant to regulate body temperature.
Gastric Cancer Among Asian Americans

Gastric cancer is the third leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. It remains the eighth most commonly diagnosed cancer among Asian American men and women in the United States (USA) with considerable heterogeneity in incidence rates across Asian American subgroups, highest in Korean American men. Because of the lack of routine screening for gastric cancer in the USA, patients are usually diagnosed at a late stage because of symptoms. While infection with Helicobacter pylori is the primary risk factor for gastric cancer, only a small proportion of those infected go on to develop gastric cancer, which means that better understanding of the interactions between H. pylori infection and other lifestyle factors (e.g., cigarette smoking, dietary factors) are needed to better characterize persons who eventually develop gastric cancer. Treatment benefits can vary by ethnicity and region of the world, possibly due to host-related factors. Continued efforts to improve treatment outcome by considering race/ethnicity, country of birth, and other parameters should be a priority.
Re-Engineering of the Pm21 Transfer from Haynaldia villosa to Bread Wheat by Induced Homoeologous Recombination

Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, the cause of powdery mildew, can generate serious grain yield losses in wheat (Triticum sp.). To expand the range of resistance genes freely available to wheat breeders, a Haynaldia villosa (L.) Schur. (syn. Dapsypyrum villosum L.)-derived gene, Pm21, was transferred to chromosome 6AS of wheat by homoeologous recombination. The transfer showed that the genetic location of the locus was different from that suggested by an earlier transfer by irradiation. Wheat lines with two small intercalary inserts of H. villosa chromatin with Pm21 were tested with a range of powdery mildew isolates and found to be completely resistant (infection score of 0).
Stereospecific Electrophilic Fluorination of Alkylcarbastannatrane Reagents

We report the use of isolable primary and secondary alkylcarbastannatrane nucleophiles in site-specific fluorination reactions. These reactions occur without the need for transition metal catalysis or in situ activation of the nucleophile. In the absence of the carbastannatrane backbone, alkyltin nucleophiles exhibit no activity towards fluorination. When enantioenriched alkylcarbastannatranes are employed, fluorination occurs predominately via a stereoinvertive mechanism to generate highly enantioenriched alkyl fluoride compounds. These conditions can also be extended to stereospecific chlorination, bromination, and iodination reactions.
Computerization and Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry in the 1990’s

Will this decade usher in effective, psychiatric computing? The past decade has certainly been the decade of personal computing. The increasing speed and decreasing cost of personal computers significantly improved our capacity to retrieve medical and patient information (Hale and DeL’aune, 1983; Hammer, Lyons and Strain, 1984). However, this wave of the information revolution has scarcely lapped the feet of most psychiatrists. For most psychiatrists, the last major change in information retrieval occurred when the Xerox copier became common in the work place. By reviewing the changes that accompanied the copier, we can anticipate the future as the personal computer becomes a more routine part of consultation-liaison psychiatry.
Policing and social media: social control in an era of new media

In the spring of 2012, thousands of Quebec students went on strike when the provincial government announced it was planning to raise tuition fees. From February to August of that year, the social m...
Laparoscopic Treatment of Pubic Symphysis Instability With Anchors and Tape Suture.

Abstract Patients with pubic symphysis instability who had failed nonoperative treatments may benefit from surgical repair. This disease process is rare, most commonly seen in postpartum women and athletes, and its surgical treatment is invasive and nonphysiological. Currently described surgical interventions, although limited, include plating, which provides an overly rigid construct with the risk of failure and possibly poor long-term outcomes particularly in athletes, and treatments such as curettage, more commonly used in the treatment of osteitis pubis. An emerging option is minimally invasive laparoscopic fixation using knotless anchors with a tape suture in a crisscross configuration. This possibly allows more physiological movement of the pubic symphysis in a less invasive manner. A detailed technical description and discussion of the technique are provided.
The Biochemical Mechanism of Cellular Activation

We have proposed the hypothetical sequence of biochemical events in cellular activation as follows; (1) a transient stimulation of phospholipid methylation, (2) increased influx of Ca2+, (3) Ca2+ dependent phosphorylation of lipomodulin, an endogenous phospholipase inhibitory protein, (4) activation of phospholipase A2, an enzyme which degrades phosphatidylchoine formed by the transmethylation, (5) subsequent increase in Na+ influx (probably accompanying increased H+ efflux), (6) alkalization of intracellular pH, (7) changes of S-adenosylmethionine metabolism, and (8) changes in DNA methylation.
Heat Treatment of Cr—1 Mo Steel for Breeder Reactor Steam Generators

Commercially, 2 1/4 Cr--1 Mo steel is used in various heat-treated conditions. Present designs for breeder reactor steam generators call for the steel to be used in an annealed or isothermally annealed condition. Future reactor steam generators may offer an incentive to use a normalized-and-tempered steel. The elevated-temperature mechanical property differences between the normalized-and-tempered and annealed or isothermally annealed conditions were assessed to determine the advisability of using the normalized-and-tempered material for breeder reactor steam generators. The mechanical properties of 2 1/4 Cr--1 Mo steel are determined by the microstructure, which can be different for annealed and normalized-and-tempered steel. The extreme in microstructural difference is when the normalized-and-tempered steel is entirely bainite and the annealed steel is 75 to 80% proeutectoid ferrite, the balance bainite. Mechanical property data for annealed and normalized-and-tempered 2 1/4 Cr--1 Mo steel with these microstructures were compared. The results were analyzed in terms of the kinetics of the different metallurgical changes that the various microstructures undergo during an elevated-temperature test or elevated-temperature exposure during service. It was concluded that 2 1/4 Cr--1 Mo steel could be used in all heat treatments that are presently used in commercial practice.
Sex Preference for Children and Chinese Fertility in America

Using 5 % PUMS data of the 1990 and 2000 Censuses, this study for the first time examines Chinese-American sex preference for children and its effects on their fertility behavior, in comparison with Whites. This study also explores the correlation between son preference and its determinants. A strong Confucian heritage distinguishes Chinese-Americans from the predominantly White-Christian culture, and generate more difficulties for them to acculturate to American life in comparison with Europeans, and even with other minority groups such as Blacks and Hispanics. Thereby, a research in this field, which has been never done before, would be of particular interests not only to demographers but also to scholars in other disciplines.
Numerical Simulation of Shock Wave Reflection and Diffraction in a Dusty Gas

The unsteady shock wave reflection and diffraction generated by a shock wave propagating over a semicircular cylinder in a dusty gas are studied numerically. The mathematical model is a multi-phase system based on a multi-fluid Eulerian approach. A Second Order Godunov scheme is used to solve the gas phase Euler equations and an upwind scheme is used to solve the particle phase conservation equations on an unstructured adaptive mesh. For the validation of the model, the numerically predicted one-dimensional shock wave attenuation is compared with experimental results. Shock wave reflection and diffraction over a semicircular cylinder in a pure gas flow is simulated first to show the excellent agreement between the present computation and the experimental results. For the shock wave reflection and diffraction in a dusty gas, the effects of particle size and particle loading on the flow field are investigated. Gas and particle density contour plots are presented. It has been shown that the shock wave configuration differs remarkably from pure gas flow depending on the particle parameters. The difference is explained as the result of momentum and heat exchange between the two phases.
Fixe Ionen und das Wasserstoffion

In den vorhergehenden Kapiteln wurde gezeigt, das H+-Uberschus die Ursache einer Acidose, H+-Mangel die Ursache einer Alkalose ist. Die uberschussigen Wasserstoffionen bei der Acidose treten jedoch nur zum kleinsten Teil frei auf. Sie werden vielmehr, wie wir gesehen haben, weitgehend an Wasserstoffacceptoren gebunden. Wenn der Uberschus an H+ in den Urin eliminiert wird, erscheint auch in dieser Flussigkeit nur sehr wenig freies H+.
Complementary Technologies and Returns to Disclosure during Standard Setting

In industries with many technological components that need to be interoperable, coordination is increasingly achieved via firms’ disclosure to Standard Setting Organizations. We study whether and h...
It Doesn’t Add Up: Mental Illness in Paul Hornschemeier’s Mother, Come Home

Gross argues that Hornschemeier’s comic presents, through its two main characters, David and Thomas Tennant, two different ways of dealing with trauma: trying to logically reason through it and sublimating trauma into fantasy. Neither approach helps the traumatized characters to heal from their trauma, but Gross argues that Mother, Come Home presents the act of writing this comic as the act that liberates its supposed author, Thomas Tennant, from his trauma. Gross also points to Mother, Come Home as an important work of graphic medicine for its depiction of trauma from a sufferer’s viewpoint and for its depiction of how the world looks to an individual experiencing trauma.
NEUROFIBROMATOSIS TYPE 1

Background Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), a complex multisystemic disorder caused by a genetic mutation on chromosome 17, causes uncontrolled tumor growths (called neurofibromas) in the nervous system. There are numerous conditions and complications associated with this disorder, which can affect the skin, eye, muscle, bone, and nervous system. We are presenting 2 cases of NF1 evaluated by using advanced imaging modalities. Clinical and Radiographic Findings Case #1: 20-year-old female, who had been referred to our department at age 15 years for preradiation therapy dental screening. Computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography–CT (PET-CT) studies were performed, and they demonstrated aggressive invasive nasopharyngeal carcinoma, metastatic cervical and retropharyngeal lymphadenopathy, and numerous plexiform neurofibromas along the expected course of cranial nerves (CNs) VII, IX, X, XI, and XII, and along the peripheral path of CN V. Throughout the neck, the NFs virtually involved all of the cervical nerve root sheaths and extended to the mediastinum. Case #2: 53-year-old female, who presented to the University of Florida Emergency Department complaining of right facial swelling, pain, and hearing impairment. CT and MRI of the head were performed, and they demonstrated suspicious right preauricular thrombosis of an enlarged facial vein versus evolution of hematoma, multiple skin/subcutaneous NFs, plexiform NF in the distribution of the trigeminal nerve on the right side with related atrophy of the muscles of mastication, enophtalmos, and dysplasia of the skull base, mandible, and facial bones. Definitive Interpretation Neurofibromatosis type 1. Discussion/Conclusions Patients with NF1 are at risk of eventual development of malignancy. For this reason, patients with NF1 need to be evaluated periodically by multiple specialists, using advanced imaging modalities, and it is important for dental professionals to recognize this disorder and be proactive in its interdisciplinary management.
Root Cause Identification of Power System Faults using Waveform Analytics

A methodology intended to automatically identify the underlying cause of fault in transmission lines is presented. Fault data recorded by different Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) in Common format for Transient Data Exchange for power systems (COMTRADE) is replayed to extract statistically significant features. Time domain features of the recorded data have been investigated. A fault triggering algorithm based on voltage sag/swell is used for segmentation of pre-fault, fault and post-fault period in the recorded data. One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) is used to find the required confidence interval to validate the statistical significance of the selected features. The proposed method uses machine learning approach to classify faults, as they occur in the system, into preselected fault root cause groups. The developed algorithm has been tested using real field dataset. The results show that the methodology is sound and covers a wide range of root causes of faults.
Regional abnormalities on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and arrhythmic events in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis.

BACKGROUND Patients with cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) may present with arrhythmic events (AE): atrioventricular block (AVB) and/ or ventricular arrhythmias (VA). We sought to: (a) use regional analysis of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) to describe anatomic and functional phenotypes of patients with CS and AE; (b) Assess the association of regional CMR abnormalities with the combined endpoint of death, heart transplantation (HT) and AE; and (c) use machine learning (ML) to predict the combined endpoint based on CMR features. METHODS we included 76 patients with CS and CMR. We analyzed cine images to determine regional longitudinal (LS) and radial strain (RS); and late gadolinium enhancement imaging to determine regional scar burden (%scar). RESULTS Patients with AVB (n = 7), compared with those without, had higher %scar in the anterior (21.8 ± 27.4 vs 5.1 ± 8.9; P = 0.0005) and anteroseptal (19.3 ± 24.5 vs 3.5 ± 5.5; P < .0001) walls. Patients with VA (n = 12), compared with those without, had higher %scar in the basal inferoseptum (20.4 ± 30.8 vs 8.3 ± 13.4; P = .03). During mean follow-up of 4.4 ± 3.3 years, four patients died or underwent HT; eight had VA; and zero developed AVB. Multiple regional abnormalities were associated with the combined endpoint, including scar in the anteroseptal wall (HR 1.06 [1.02-1.09] per 1%scar increase, P = .002). The ML algorithm predicted the combined endpoint with a C-statistic of 0.91. CONCLUSION Regional CMR abnormalities are associated with AE in patients with CS.
Developmental trajectory of the late positive potential: Using temporal‐spatial PCA to characterize within‐subject developmental changes in emotional processing

The late positive potential (LPP) is characterized by temporal and spatial changes across development-though existing work has primarily relied on visual or statistical comparisons of relatively few electrodes and averaged activity over time. The current study used an empirically based approach to characterize temporal and spatial changes in ERPs over time. Data were utilized from a large longitudinal study (N = 380) in which the LPP was recorded to pleasant, neutral, and unpleasant pictures around age 9 and again around age 12. Age 9 ERPs were subtracted from age 12 ERPs for all three image types; the resulting ERPs for each subject at each electrode site were then submitted to a temporospatial principal component analysis (PCA). A PCA factor was greater in amplitude for emotional pictures compared to neutral pictures between ages 9 and 12, evident as an occipital negativity and frontocentral positivity that peaked approximately 850 ms following picture presentation. Furthermore, the factor scores to emotional pictures for this component increased as a function of age 12 pubertal development, consistent with the notion that the LPP shifts from occipital to more frontocentral sites in relation to developmental changes from childhood to adolescence. A similar factor was observed when PCA was applied to all ERPs from both ages 9 and 12. Using temporospatial PCA on ERPs collected from the same subjects over time-especially within-subject subtraction-based ERPs-provides a concise way of characterizing and quantifying within-subject developmental changes in both the timing and scalp distribution of ERPs.
Variant Renal Cell Carcinoma Histologies: Therapeutic Considerations

Non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma (NCCRCC) accounts for approximately 20–25% of all cases of renal epithelial cancers, and a significant proportion of those patients present with advanced disease. Once a patient has metastatic NCCRCC, survival is worse compared to those with metastatic clear-cell RCC, but this may not be true across all specific subtypes. More importantly, almost all clinical trials examining therapeutic options in metastatic renal cell carcinoma have excluded non-clear cell patients and thus little level one data exist regarding the most appropriate treatment options. In this chapter, we review the histologic, genetic, and molecular features of this diverse entity of cancer as well as the survival implications for patients. Following this, we explore the data behind the use of conventional chemotherapy, immunotherapy, VEGF pathway, and mTOR-targeted therapy in NCCRCC.
Uniaxial stretching mechanics of cellular flexible metamaterials

Abstract Cellular flexible metamaterials (CFMs) with alternating vertical and horizontal pores can exhibit nonlinear and tunable mechanical properties. While most of CFMs exhibit novel mechanical properties with elastic instabilities under compression, much less is known about their nonlinear responses under stretching. In this paper, we investigate the mechanics of CFMs under uniaxial stretching with combined experiments, numerical simulations, and analytical models. The internal structure design incorporates a so-called “soft mechanism”, where slender internal structures permit internal rotation of more rigid structures. The stress–strain responses and Poisson’s ratio are programmed by controlling the pore pattern (i.e. pore shape and ligament thickness). A 2D plate-chain model, which reduces the CFM into chains of rigid square plates connected by the flexible beams, is developed to study the relation between the elastic modulus of CFMs and pore patterns. An analytical model without fitting parameters is constructed to predict stress–strain responses at small and large stretching deformations, showing good agreement between experiment and theory.
Spatial Coexistence of Cooperative Radar and Communication Systems

Future generations of cellular systems need to meet stringent requirements for bandwidth and latency. This entitles maximum utilization of the available wireless spectrum. Given that some of the spectrum bands are underutilized, e.g. radar band. In this paper, we study the utilization of the radar spectrum for commercial cellular usage for meeting future generations of cellular systems' spectral demands. We propose to avoid destructive high power interference from seaborne radar transmitters with high power that can saturate the cellular base station receivers by using a projection based approach. Additionally, in our design, the radar transmitters will be cooperating with cellular system by transmitting useful broadcast communication signal. Towards that, we study the channel between seaborne multiple input multiple output (MIMO) radar system and MIMO cellular systems. The high power radar signal is projected onto the small singular value subspace of the channel, and therefore, reaches the base station with low power. In our design, the small singular values are selected so that the received power at the cellular base stations is within acceptable cellular system power constraints. Simulation results show that the amount of power transmitted from the radar to the base station increases as the threshold increases, which allows the radar to be cooperatively capable of transmitting communication signals to cellular base stations. Moreover, as the threshold increases, the accuracy of localizing the radar target increases.
Behavioral Inflexibility Across Two Neurogenetic Conditions: Down Syndrome and Fragile X Syndrome

Behavioral inflexibility (BI) has been highlighted to occur across genetic and neurodevelopmental disorders. This study characterized BI in two common neurogenetic conditions: Fragile X syndrome (FXS) and Down syndrome (DS). Caregivers of children with FXS (N = 56; with ASD = 28; FXS only = 28) and DS (N = 146) completed the Behavioral Inflexibility Scale (BIS) via an online survey. Total BIS scores were higher in FXS+ASD than both FXS only and DS (p <.001). Most endorsed items were similar across the three groups, but scores were higher in the FXS+ASD group. In all groups, BI associated with other clinical variables (receptive behaviors, anxiety, social communication). The current data suggest that BI is variable across neurogenetic conditions and higher in individuals with comorbid ASD.
Opioids cause dissociated states of consciousness in C57BL/6J mice

This study discovered that antinociceptive doses of fentanyl, morphine, and buprenorphine significantly and differentially disrupt EEG-defined states of consciousness in C57BL/6J mice. These data a...
A seat at the table? Transit representation in U.S. metropolitan planning

Abstract Since the early 1990s, U.S. metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs) have had increasing room to shape the extent to which public transit benefits from regional transportation spending. Federal law has given MPOs widening latitude over this period to use highway-oriented funding for transit investment. Yet, concerns that public transit operators—and, by extension, transit needs—have been underrepresented in MPO decision-making are longstanding. This paper reports on the first comprehensive inventory of transit representation on MPO decision-making boards. MPOs and the planning process they oversee allow metro regions to tap federal funds, and together MPOs approve billions in metropolitan transportation investment across the U.S. We study these important institutions in the transportation landscape and how they provide for transit participation. We find that transit's actual voting representation on MPOs is somewhat higher than previously estimated, suggesting that recent federal policies have modestly increased formal transit involvement in investment decisions. We also find that different forms of board representation for transit—direct and indirect—can produce disparities in transit's influence from one region to the next. These findings reveal the impact of federal transportation laws on metropolitan scale decision-making and highlight some of the enduring institutional challenges to broadening participation in regional transportation governance. They also pave the way for further studies of the impact of MPO representation on transit expenditures by MPOs.
Deep semi-supervised learning ensemble framework for classifying co-mentions of human proteins and phenotypes.

Identifying human protein-phenotype relationships has attracted researchers in bioinformatics and biomedical natural language processing due to its importance in uncovering rare and complex diseases. Since experimental validation of protein-phenotype associations is prohibitive, automated tools capable of accurately extracting these associations from the biomedical text are in high demand. However, while the manual annotation of protein-phenotype co-mentions required for training such models is highly resource-consuming, extracting millions of unlabeled co-mentions is straightforward. In this study, we propose a novel deep semi-supervised ensemble framework that combines deep neural networks, semi-supervised, and ensemble learning for classifying human protein-phenotype co-mentions with the help of unlabeled data. This framework allows the ability to incorporate an extensive collection of unlabeled sentence-level co-mentions of human proteins and phenotypes with a small labeled dataset to enhance overall performance. We develop PPPredSS, a prototype of our proposed semi-supervised framework that combines sophisticated language models, convolutional networks, and recurrent networks. Our experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach provides a new state-of-the-art performance in classifying human protein-phenotype co-mentions by outperforming other supervised and semi-supervised counterparts. Furthermore, we highlight the utility of PPPredSS in powering a curation assistant system through case studies involving a group of biologists. This article presents a novel approach for human protein-phenotype co-mention classification based on deep, semi-supervised, and ensemble learning. The insights and findings from this work have implications for biomedical researchers, biocurators, and the text mining community working on biomedical relationship extraction.
The promise and limits of social franchises as hybrid organizations

Social franchises are relatively poorly known and understood. This is particularly true with regard to their organization design. Therefore, in my commentary on Szerb, Kivleniece, and Aggarwal’s introduction to Unjani Clinics, I explore what we can learn from this experiment as organization design scholars.