cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Small Numbers of Big Molecules

Is the regulation of gene expression in a cell a random (stochastic) process? In an ambitious Perspective, [Fedoroff and Fontana][1] explore a new study [ (Elowitz et al .) ][2] that provides experimental evidence for stochasticity in bacterial gene expression. They reflect on the importance of stochastic processes for the evolution and adaptation of organisms. [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/297/5584/1129 [2]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/short/297/5584/1183
Mononuclear Cell Preparations

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the use of mononuclear cell (MNC) preparations for immunotherapy, including unmanipulated cells as well as cells processed in vitro to serve specific immunologic functions—for example, cytotoxic T-lymphocytes and dendritic cells. Transfusion of MNCs is a relatively new practice; therefore, many of the indications for their usage as well as the protocols for cell preparation are still under development. The infusion of donor cells is referred to in several ways such as donor leukocyte infusion (DLI), adoptive immunotherapy, and allogeneic cell therapy. MNCs can be used for various purposes in the postallogeneic transplant setting. Donor MNCs have been effective in inducing remission when there is relapse of malignancy and are also useful in fighting infections in the post-transplant setting. Orders for DLI must be written by the patient's physician with certain specifications: donor identification, recipient information, dose of desired cell population, required processing (e.g., CD4 selection and expansion of antigen-specific cells), and whether to infuse the cells fresh or after cryopreservation. Both the patient and the donor must be informed of the risks and benefits of the procedure and each should sign a consent form documenting the discussion. There are no absolute indications for DLI as their use is still experimental. Because the use of these cell populations is not standard, all clinical protocols that include infusion of these populations should first be submitted to the local institutional review board for approval.
Design of sudden death tests for estimation of a weibull percentile

Sudden Death Testing is a strategy for conducting life tests in which n specimens are divided into g groups each of size m (n=gm). Testing continues simultaneously on the specimens in each group until the first failure occurs in each. The testing thus results in g failures among the n specimens. It is shown how to determine the group size m so that the pth percentile of the Weibull distribution of life may be estimated with greater precision than in a conventional life test wherein n specimens are tested until the occurrence of the gth failure. Comparisons of the expected duration of the life tests in both cases are given for two combinations of g and m for four values of the Weibull shape parameter.
Phase behavior and kinetics of a new bond-order potential for silicon

Abstract We investigate the thermodynamics and kinetics of a new bond-order potential for silicon recently published by Kumagai et al. [T. Kumagai, S. Izumi, S. Hara, S. Sakai, Comp. Mater. Sci. 39 (2007) 457]. This new potential is modified from the standard Tersoff potential. We find that the model performs extremely well in describing the crystalline, liquid, and amorphous phases. The phase transitions are also studied using the new bond-order potential. Comparison is made to previously-published results obtained using the Tersoff, Stillinger–Weber and environment-dependent interatomic potentials for silicon, and also experiment. The new bond-order potential is found to perform much better that the Tersoff and environment-dependent interatomic potentials, and at least as well as the Stillinger–Weber potential. In one respect, the new potential appears to be significantly superior to other empirical potentials. In particular, the structure of the liquid phase predicted using the new bond-order potential seems to be in better agreement with experiment. An amorphous phase is readily formed from the quenched melt. However, it is unclear whether the new potential provides a better description of amorphous silicon than other popular empirical potentials.
Ns-scale time-resolved laser induced fluorescence imaging for detection of fecal contamination on apples

Our laboratory has been utilizing fluorescence techniques as a potential means for detection of quality and wholesomeness of food products. A system with a short pulse light source such as a laser coupled with a gated detector can be used to harvest fluorescence in ambient light conditions from biological samples with relatively low fluorescence yields. We present a versatile multispectral laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) imaging system capable of ns-scale time resolved fluorescence. The system is equipped with a tunable pulse laser system that emits in the visible range from 410 nm to 690 nm. Ns-scale, time-dependent multispectral fluorescence emissions of apples contaminated with a range of diluted cow feces were acquired. Four spectral bands, F670, F680, F685 and F730, centered near the emission peak wavelengths of the major constituents responsible for the red fluorescence emissions from apples artificially contaminated with cow feces were examined to determine a suitable single red fluorescence band and optimal ns-gate window for detection of fecal contamination on apples. The results based on the ns decay curves showed that 670 nm with 10 nm full width at half maximum (FWHM) at a gate-delay of 4 ns from the laser excitation peak provided the greatest differences in time-dependent fluorescence responses between feces contaminated spots and apples surfaces.
NON‐SINGULARITY OF FISHER INFORMATION FOR AUTOREGRESSIVE MOYING‐AVERAGE PROCESSES

. The average Fisher information about the parameter of a finite-order ARMA process is non-singular if and only if the parameter is identifiable.
Building Infrastructure Functional Capacity Measurement Framework

Building infrastructure “performance” is a term which describes the in-service functioning of a building for a specified use. The concept refers to how effectively, safely, and efficiently a building supports its mission at any time during its life cycle. A building’s performance state, which changes during time in service, is reflected by two different indicators: the physical condition state and the functionality state. The physical condition state relates to a facility’s general “physical fitness,” independent of its mission, as it deteriorates due to routine aging, excessive or abusive use, or poor maintenance. The functionality state relates to the facility’s suitability to function as intended and required for the mission. The functionality state is distinct and independent from the physical condition state. Condition-based metrics are currently in use but a companion index of functionality was not developed at the same time. However, in order to fully describe a building’s fitness for changing miss...
Influence of Parking Policy on Built Environment and Travel Behavior in Two New England Cities, 1960 to 2007

Over the past 40 to 50 years, most American cities have experienced significant increases in automobile use. Now, to offset increasing energy use and greenhouse gas emissions, many are contemplating measures to reduce automobile use. This study examined Hartford, Connecticut, and Cambridge, Massachusetts, which exhibited an increase and a decrease in automobile use, respectively, between 1960 and 2007. It is hoped that these cities provide lessons in how to successfully reduce automobile travel. The study focused on the cumulative effects of historical policy decisions over decades on parking provisions and changes in travel behavior. The results of this analysis suggest that parking policy affects incremental changes in parking provision that may greatly influence gradual changes in automobile use over time.
A hybrid heuristic strategy for liquefied natural gas inventory routing

Abstract As liquefied natural gas (LNG) steadily grows to be a common mode for commercializing natural gas, LNG supply chain optimization is becoming a key technology for gas companies to maintain competitiveness. This paper develops methods for improving the solutions for a previously stated form of an LNG inventory routing problem (LNG-IRP). Motivated by the poor performance of a Dantzig-Wolfe-based decomposition approach for exact solutions, we develop a suite of advanced heuristic techniques and propose a hybrid heuristic strategy aiming to achieve improved solutions in shorter computational time. The heuristics include two phases: the advanced construction phase is based on a rolling time algorithm and a greedy randomized adaptive search procedure (GRASP); and the solution improvement phase is a series of novel MIP-based neighborhood search techniques. The proposed algorithms are evaluated based on a set of realistic large-scale instances seen in recent literature. Extensive computational results indicate that the hybrid heuristic strategy is able to obtain optimal or near optimal feasible solutions substantially faster than commercial optimization software and also the previously proposed heuristic methods.
Effects of underlayer on performance of bilayer resists for 248-nm lithography

Thin film interference plays an important role in critical dimension control of single layer resists causing large changes in the effective exposure dose due to small changes in optical phase. To overcome these problems bilayer resists have been proposed. Advantages to such systems include enhanced process latitude, enhanced resolution, and improved critical dimension control due to minimization of substrate reflectivity. In this paper, we have investigated the effects of the underlayer with respect to the optical properties as well as the chemical composition on the performance of bilayer resists for 248 nm lithography. The optimum optical constants (index of refraction n((lambda) ) and extinction coefficient k((lambda) )) of the underlayer were deduced by simulations. It was also found that with some underlayers, the optical properties could be tuned by controlling the processing conditions. Novolaks have been found to interact with the resist resulting in significant residue limiting the resolution of the 248 nm bilayer resist to 150 nm. Properly designing the underlayer with suitable optical constants and preventing resist/underlayer interaction resulted in 125 nm resolution with a 248 nm bilayer resist. We also investigated the use of an amorphous diamond-like carbon film as an underlayer material. Thin films, deposited by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition, offers advantages over spin on hard baked polymers because it can be deposited conformally with high optical purity. Furthermore, the composition and optical properties can be fine-tuned by changing the process parameters.
Observations on the Sliding Wear of Ceramics

Modern design concepts for heat engines with increased thermal efficiency call for the utilization of ceramic components. In some applications, lubrication of these components will be difficult to maintain. Consequently, a need exists for an expanded understanding of the dry sliding wear behavior of ceramics. Sliding wear experiments were performed on several ceramic pairs from which wear rate data and information on the nature of the physical damage resulting from dry sliding were obtained. The wear evaluation was a pin-on-disk test. The test conditions included temperatures as high as 425°C, a surface velocity of 0.3 m/s, and a normal force of 9.0 N. Most of the specimens experienced moderate to severe damage. Damage characterized as mild wear was observed in a single room temperature test. The coefficient of friction for the damaged specimens ranged from 0.7 to 1.0, while this value was consistently 0.24 for the undamaged specimen. The implications of these results for wear mechanism are discussed. Pre...
A Positive Feedback Loop between Protein Kinase CKII and Cdc37 Promotes the Activity of Multiple Protein Kinases

We report here the identification ofCDC37, which encodes a putative Hsp90 co-chaperone, as a multicopy suppressor of a temperature-sensitive allele (cka2-13 ts) of the CKA2 gene encoding the α′ catalytic subunit of protein kinase CKII. Unlike wild-type cells, cka2-13 cells were sensitive to the Hsp90-specific inhibitor geldanamycin, and this sensitivity was suppressed by overexpression of either Hsp90 or Cdc37. However, onlyCDC37 was capable of suppressing the temperature sensitivity of a cka2-13 strain, implying that Cdc37 is the limiting component. Immunoprecipitation of metabolically labeled Cdc37 from wild-type versus cka2-13 strains revealed that Cdc37 is a physiological substrate of CKII, and Ser-14 and/or Ser-17 were identified as the most likely sites of CKII phosphorylationin vivo. A cdc37-S14,17A strain lacking these phosphorylation sites exhibited severe growth and morphological defects that were partially reversed in a cdc37-S14,17E strain. Reduced CKII activity was observed in both cdc37-S14A andcdc37-S17A mutants at 37 °C, and cdc37-S14Aor cdc37-S14,17A overexpression was incapable of protectingcka2-13 mutants on media containing geldanamycin. Additionally, CKII activity was elevated in cells arrested at the G1 and G2/M phases of the cell cycle, the same phases during which Cdc37 function is essential. Collectively, these data define a positive feedback loop between CKII and Cdc37. Additional genetic assays demonstrate that this CKII/Cdc37 interaction positively regulates the activity of multiple protein kinases in addition to CKII.
Connexin 32 increases the proliferative response of Schwann cells to neuregulin-1 (Nrg1)

Connexin 32 (Cx32), a gap junction protein, is found within the para-nodal region and Schmidt-Lanterman incisures of myelinating Schwann cells (SCs). In developing and regenerating peripheral nerves, pro-myelinating SCs express Cx32 mRNA and protein in conjunction with the expression of myelin specific genes. Neuregulin-1 (Nrg1), a member of the neuregulin family of growth factors, controls SC proliferation and differentiation depending on the cellular environment and the particular stage of SC maturation. Primary cultures of purified SCs from newborn mouse sciatic nerve were used to characterize both the role of Nrg1 in the expression of Cx32 and, conversely, the role of Cx32 in SC responsiveness to Nrg1. Glial growth factor 2, an isoform of Nrg1, up-regulated Cx32 in both proliferating and non-proliferating SCs. However, SCs from Cx32-KO mice exhibited a significantly smaller mitogenic response to glial growth factor 2. Electrical coupling between Cx32-KO SCs did not differ from that between WT SCs, indicating the presence of other connexins. These results suggest a link between Cx32 expression and Nrg1 regulation of SC proliferation that does not involve Cx32-mediated intercellular communication.
Transportation controls are really needed in the air cleanup fight

The pollutants for which health-based air quality standards now exist include carbon monoxide (CO) and photochemical oxidants. The air quality standard for CO is exceeded in 42 air quality control regions (AQCRs) in the U.S., and the oxidant standard is exceeded in 56 AQCRs. The 66 AQCRs where at least 2 of these standards is exceeded contain about 60 percent of the nation's population. There are now 30 AQCRs in which the new car controls must be supplemented by additional measures to reduce automobile emissions. The additional measures, called transportation controls, can be divided into 2 general classes: measures that reduce in-use automobile emission rates (i.e., emissions/mi traveled) and measures that reduce automobile travel. The former class includes inspection-maintenance and retrofit. The latter includes transit improvements, car-pooling programs, and restrictions on the use of automobiles. The costs, problems, and projected benefits of such measures are discussed.
Effects of the structure of descriptions on group impression formation

A within-subjects design was used to study the impression formation of groups that were held constant in length of description, but differed in the order of presentation of the desirable and undesirable members and in the number of members. The procedure followed closely that of previous person impression-formation studies (Anderson, 1972). A significant primacy effect was found when one adjective was used to describe each member, but a significant recency effect was found when three adjectives were used to describe each member. It was suggested that if a reasonable amount of information is given for each member of a group, then for a more desirable impression to be formed overall, the most desirable members should be presented last. This suggestion is the opposite of that which has been proposed to maximize the desirability of an individual person.
Surgically-assisted rapid palatal expansion for management of transverse maxillary deficiency

An adequate transverse maxillary dimension is a critical component of a stable and functional occlusion.’ Orthopedic rapid palatal expansion in skeletally immature patients is the procedure of choice to correct this condition in that age group. However, as skeletal maturity approaches, bony interdigitation increases as the sutures fuse.2,3 This leads to difficulty separating the maxillas with orthopedic forces alone and bending of the alveolus, dental tipping and minimal maxillary expansion. The result is relapse despite overcorrection, periodontal defects, and malocclusion.4 A variety of surgical procedures including surgically-assisted rapid palatal expansion (SARPE) and segmental LeFort I osteotomies have been advocated in the treatment of transverse maxillary deficiency in skeletally mature patients. The decision to choose one surgical procedure over another has led to some controversy in the literature. The reasoning behind advocating SARPE will be discussed in this article. The isolated transverse maxillary deficiency can be treated either orthodontically or surgically with rapid palatal expansion. However, the long-term stability of the expansion is directly related to the skeletal maturity of the suture lines.5 Krebs6 showed that as sutures mature the majority of orthopedic rapid palatal expansion occurs by dental tipping and alveolar bone bending rather than by skeletal movement. Relapse, with an open bite deformity, may result when fixation is removed.
Component yields and quality of binary mixtures of lucerne and perennial, Italian or short rotation hybrid ryegrass

Studies were conducted to characterize sward dynamics of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) and perennial, Italian or short rotation hybrid rye-grass (Lolium perenne L. and L. multiflorum Lam.) binary mixtures under hay management. Lucerne/timothy (Phleum pratense L.) mixtures were included as controls. The study was conducted on two farms in central Pennsylvania, USA on Hagerstown silt loams (fine, mixed, mesic hapludalf). Total dry matter yield, grass yield and yield of digestible dry matter were higher for tetraploid perennial and tetraploid Italian ryegrass mixtures than for timothy mixtures. Seasonal production differed for the three kinds of ryegrass. Italian ryegrass dry matter yields were higher in cuts 2 and 3 than perennial ryegrass yields. Grass yields represented 34%, 24% and 12% of total yields of the Italian, perennial or short rotation, and timothy mixtures, respectively. However, herbage in vitro dry matter digestibility of Italian was lower than that of perennial ryegrass. The tetraploid perennial ryegrasses Grimalda and Reveille had high-ranking N concentrations more frequently than other cultivars, while Bar-vestra and Reveille tetraploid perennials and Bison short rotation ryegrass had high-ranking dry matter digestibility values more frequently than the other cultivars. Perennial ryegrass cultivars and Lipo tetraploid Italian ryegrass persisted well for 4 years and produced higher yields with a lower weed content than timothy mixtures. It is concluded that perennial ryegrasses and Lipo Italian ryegrass should be recommended over timothy, as companion grasses with lucerne.
STUDIES ON MENINGOCOCCUS INFECTION : I. BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF "FRESH" AND "STOCK" STRAINS OF THE MENINGOCOCCUS.

Freshly isolated strains of meningococci present a number of characteristics which can be shown to differ not inconsiderably from those of stock strains long maintained on artificial media. Rough variants of the different types can be demonstrated, either arising spontaneously in vivo or in vitro, or evoked in the laboratory by the method described by Enders. Neither the freshly isolated strains-which are smooth- nor, in most cases, the rough variants of them are stable, both showing a tendency to pass over into the stock form or variant. The stock strains in the course of transformation from the freshly isolated strains show changes in morphology and cultural characteristics, and in viability in defibrinated blood.
Latent groups and cross-level inferences

Abstract It is common for the only available data on interesting political phenomena to be aggregated at a level above the micro-unit in question. Analysis of voting behavior in elections for which survey data are unavailable is a case in point: one often must draw inferences about voters by analysing districts or precincts. Using OLS to analyse aggregate data (i.e. ecological regression) implicitly assumes constancy of parameters across aggregate units. This assumption is rarely tenable, since the aggregation process usually generates macro-level observations across which the parameters describing individuals vary. A key step in aggregate data analysis, then, is to identify covariates that separate macro-units into subgroups in which individual behavior is roughly constant. A switching regression context is proposed where the state-defining variable measures homogeneity between the macro-level units.
Solution of phase change problems by Ivantsov's approach

Abstract With no assumptions regarding the shape and mode of growth of the interface, Ivantsov's method is extended to solve two phase problems involving non-isothermal solid and liquid phases separated by an isothermal interface. The interfacial energy balance is generalized to yield a nonlinear partial differential equation, involving an arbitrary function, for the temperature throughout each phase. The complete integral for each of these equations is obtained and is used to find the singular integral which gives both the shape and mode of growth of the interface. The temperature distribution itself is determined from the conduction equation for each phase. For the illustrative problem considered, the singular integral yields a spherical crystal growing unsteadily in a shape preserving manner. Planar and cylindrical crystals occur as special one and two-dimensional cases.
Crystal growth of KBr in a reactive atmosphere

Abstract Reactive atmosphere processing (RAP) with bromomethane derivatives is employed in the crystal growth of KBr (mp = 730°C). Derivatives with higher C-Br bond dissociation energy are found to be applicable.
The visual corticostriatal loop through the tail of the caudate: circuitry and function

Although high level visual cortex projects to a specific region of the striatum, the tail of the caudate, and participates in corticostriatal loops, the function of this visual corticostriatal system is not well understood. This article first reviews what is known about the anatomy of the visual corticostriatal loop across mammals, including rodents, cats, monkeys, and humans. Like other corticostriatal systems, the visual corticostriatal system includes both closed loop components (recurrent projections that return to the originating cortical location) and open loop components (projections that terminate in other neural regions). The article then reviews what previous empircal research has shown about the function of the tail of the caudate. The article finally addresses the possible functions of the closed and open loop connections of the visual loop in the context of theories and computational models of corticostriatal function.
Psychiatric perspectives on headache and facial pain

For a subset of headache patients, an understanding of psychological antecedents and interpersonal difficulties is an important part of the headache evaluation. This subset includes patients with chronic headache, frequent headache, treatment-refractory headache, analgesic misuse problems, and serious compliance issues. Inadequate coping with stress is central to the persistence of headache in many such patients. Other patients present to the headache specialist but actually suffer from a serious comorbid psychiatric disorder, such as major depression, panic disorder, substance abuse, or personality disorder. For successful treatment of headache, it is important that these related problems be detected and either treated (as outlined here) or referred to a specialist for treatment.
Autonomics for grid systems and applications

Emerging pervasive computing and information environments, such as Grids and CDNs, are enabling a new generation of applications, which are based on seamless aggregation and interactions of resources, services and data. However the extreme scale, dynamism and uncertainty of these environments and applications present significant development, configuration and management challenges. Autonomic computing has the potential to fundamentally address these challenges. The goal of autonomic computing is to design and engineer systems that are capable of running themselves, adapting their resources and operations to current workloads and anticipating the needs their users, all with minimal involvement from the users. In this talk, I will introduce autonomic computing and describe how it can be potentially used to address the challenges for Grids and CDNs. I will then introduce relevant solutions being developed as part of the NSF Center for Autonomic Computing.
Environmental Assessment Index: Reliability, Stability, and Validity of the Long and Short Forms

The Environmental Assessment Index was developed to assess the educational/developmental quality of home environments of 3-year-old through 11-year-old children. The long form of Index is composed ...
Is there an innate sex-based difference in the manner in which the left ventricle responds to the pressure overload of aortic stenosis?

Numerous investigators have suggested that women are particularly prone to develop an exaggerated LV hypertrophy (LVH) response to increased developed pressure as compared to men. This has been best exemplified in both HTN and aortic stenosis (AS) states and has been proposed euphemistically as 'exuberant hypertrophy'. This reference implies that there is an inappropriate physiologic amplification to the typical and necessary hypertrophic response for any given blood pressure/afterload experienced by the LV. Furthermore, it suggests that there is a divergent response at the gene level to explain this phenomenon. The implications for this are vast, potentially calling for distinct sex-based clinical treatment programs. The societal ramifications for differential therapy are immense as our resources are limited. On the other hand, the majority of the inferences of this dichotomized observation have stemmed from 2D echocardiography and consequently may be artifactual if evaluated in a 3D CMR manner.
Effect of renin-angiotensin system blockade on calcium channel blocker-associated peripheral edema.

Abstract Background Peripheral edema is a common adverse effect of calcium channel blockers. The addition of a renin-angiotensin system blocker, either an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or an ARB, has been shown to reduce peripheral edema in a dose-dependent way. Methods We performed a MEDLINE/COCHRANE search for all prospective randomized controlled trials in patients with hypertension, comparing calcium channel blocker monotherapy with calcium channel blocker/renin-angiotensin system blocker combination from 1980 to the present. Trials reporting the incidence of peripheral edema or withdrawal of patients because of edema and total sample size more than 100 were included in this analysis. Results We analyzed 25 randomized controlled trials with 17,206 patients (mean age 56 years, 55% were men) and a mean duration of 9.2 weeks. The incidence of peripheral edema with calcium channel blocker/renin-angiotensin system blocker combination was 38% lower than that with calcium channel blocker monotherapy ( P P =.002) (RR 0.38; 95% CI, 0.22-0.66). ACE inhibitors were significantly more efficacious than ARBs in reducing the incidence of peripheral edema ( P Conclusion In patients with hypertension, the calcium channel blocker/renin-angiotensin system blocker combination reduces the risk of calcium channel blocker-associated peripheral edema when compared with calcium channel blocker monotherapy. ACE inhibitor seems to be more efficacious than ARB in reducing calcium channel blocker-associated peripheral edema, but head-to-head comparison studies are needed to prove this.
Climate under impermeable protective clothing

Abstract The actual microenvironmental wet bulb and dry bulb conditions were measured with a remote sensor under impermeable encapsulating protective clothing (EPC) at two sites (shoulder and waist). Subjects ( n =16) worked for 30 min followed by 30 min rest up to 4 h at 350 W in three different ambient environments, 18.2°C, 22.3°C and 26.9°C WBGT. The mean (±S.D.) of the microenvironment for each of the three macro-environments was 27.9 (±1.6)°C, 30.3 (±1.6)°C, and 32.6 (±1.5)°C WBGT, respectively, yielding clothing adjustments of about 9.7°C, 8.0°C and 5.7°C WBGT. Significant differences ( p Relevance to industry An accurate estimation of environmental heat stress under protective clothing is needed. Presented is a practical method for laboratory and field estimations of potential heat strain under protective clothing.
Implications of complex anatomical junctions on conductance catheter measurements of coronary arteries

In vivo, the position of the conductance catheter to measure vessel lumen cross-sectional area may vary depending on where the conductance catheter is deployed in the complex anatomical geometry of...
Unifying model for understanding HEUR associative thickener influences on waterborne coatings: I. HEUR interactions with a small particle latex

The structural features of associative thickeners influence their viscosifying properties in neat and surfactant containing aqueous solutions and in architectural coating formulations. Our understanding of the phenomena based on model associative thickener of the Hydrophobically modified Ethoxylate URethane (HEUR) type are presented. These studies provide general concepts in aqueous solutions, but they do not provide a quantitative model for understanding the influence of associative thickeners in coating formulations. To provide a more quantitative description, the interactions of associative thickeners with the film forming latex are considered in this study. This requires a knowledge of the free surfactant concentration in the formulation that depends on the residual amount present in the latex and the amounts added with the pigment grind, colorant, etc. The competitive interaction of the surfactants and associative thickener types for the surface of both disperse phases is a key variable. These interactions with the latex will be discussed in this article in an effort to define an encompassing model for understanding how HEUR associative thickeners influence waterborne coatings.
Four (2+1)-dimensional integrable extensions of the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation

In this work, four (2+1)-dimensional nonlinear extensions of the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP) equation are developed. The complete integrability of these models are investigated. Multiple-soliton solutions and multiple singular soliton solutions are determined to demonstrate the compatibility of these models. The resonance phenomenon does not exist for any of the derived models.
ACIDIC CONSTITUENTS OF VARIOUS TOMATO FRUIT TYPES

Tissue portions of five morphological fruit types of tomatoes were evaluated for acid composition, pH, total acidity, alcohol soluble acidity, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. These data were compared with the same attributes obtained from fresh tomato juice of the whole fruit. The pH values of the pericarp tissue were the highest. Total acidity, alcohol soluble acidity and the levels of citric and total acids were highest in the locular tissue. The tissue portions of the plum-type tomato were more acidic than pear, full-cavity pear, round and blocky-pear fruit types. Potassium was an important factor related to acidity in the locular tissue and the entire fruit; whereas phosphorus was related to buffering activity in the pericarp tissue and the entire fruit.
St. Thomas Aquinas in Historical Perspective: The Modern Period

Witnessing as it did the seven hundredth anniversary of the death of St. Thomas Aquinas, the year 1974 was marked by multiple conferences and publications dedicated to his life, his thought and his place in medieval intellectual history. The recently completed septicentennial also provides a useful vantage point from which to examine the current historiographical assessment of St. Thomas' influence in modern intellectual history. Aquinas scholars devoted little systematic attention to this topic in 1974, a fact which, in itself, reflects a striking and persistent imbalance within the field of Aquinas studies. It is a commonplace to state that St. Thomas enjoyed an authority in the period since the thirteenth century far exceeding any he achieved in his own day. Yet, a consideration of the historiography of Thomas' place in modern thought reveals the fact that the Angelic Doctor's substantial post-medieval reputation has not generally been matched by an equally plentiful measure of historical understanding. For two generations, historians of the Middle Ages have made great strides toward the systematic recovery of the historical Thomas Aquinas. But the task of uncovering the historical significance of his thought within the changing contexts of post-medieval culture still awaits its Grabmanns and Chenus.
Molecular MRI of hematopoietic stem-progenitor cells: in vivo monitoring of gene therapy and atherosclerosis

A characteristic feature of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is the diffuse involvement of arteries across the entire human body and the presence of multiple, simultaneous lesions. The diffuse nature of this disease creates a unique challenge for early diagnosis and effective treatment. We believe that recent progress in the field of molecular MRI has opened new avenues towards solving the problem. A new technology has been developed that uses molecular MRI to monitor the migration and homing of hematopoietic stem-progenitor cells to injured arteries and atherosclerosis. In this Review, we introduce several novel technical developments in the field of molecular MRI of atherosclerosis, including advanced techniques for magnetic labeling of stem-progenitor cells and molecular MRI of hematopoietic bone marrow cells migrating to injured arteries and homing to atherosclerotic plaques. In addition, we examine molecular MRI of vascular gene therapy mediated by stem-progenitor cells. These new techniques provide the basis for the further development of in vivo MRI techniques to monitor stem-cell-mediated vascular gene therapy for multiple and diffuse atherosclerotic cardiovascular lesions.
Positivity of energy in five-dimensional classical unified field theories

Five-dimensional classical unified field theories as well as in Yang-Mills theory with gauge group U(1), are described in terms of a Lorentzian five-dimensional space V5 with metric tensor y;; which admits a space-like Killing vector ξα. It is assumed that: (1) V5 has the topology of V4×S1, S1 is a circle and V4 is a four-dimensional Lorentzian space that is asymptotically flat and (2) the Einstein tensor Γαβ of V5 satisfies \(\Gamma _{\alpha \beta } u^\alpha v^\beta \leqslant 0\), where uα and vβ are future oriented time-like vectors with \(\gamma _{\alpha \beta } \upsilon ^\alpha \xi ^\beta = 0\). The spinor approach of Witten, Nester, and Moreschi and Sparling is used to show that the conserved five-dimensional energy momentum vector P; is nonspace-like. If P;=Γαβ=0 then V5 must admit a time-like Killing vector. Lichnerowicz's results then imply that V5 must be flat. A lower bound for P4 (the mass) similar to that found by Gibbons and Hull is obtained.
A note on the theory of thermoelastic dissipation.

Numerical computation verifying Forte contention in connection with relaxation phenomena associated with thermoelastic dissipation in solids
An environmental antiandrogen, vinclozolin, alters the organization of play behavior

During mammalian sexual differentiation, the androgens, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone are critical for the organization of the male phenotype. In rats, play behavior is sexually dimorphic. Administration of exogenous androgens during the perinatal period results in masculine-like play behavior of juveniles. Recently, there has been increasing concern about the potential for environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) to alter sexual differentiation in mammals. One such EDC is the fungicide and androgen receptor (AR) antagonist, vinclozolin. We tested whether developmental exposure to an EDC could alter androgen-dependent behaviors such as play. To examine this possibility, neonatal male rats were injected from Postnatal Days (PND) 2 to 3 with corn oil, pharmacological antiandrogen flutamide (50 mg/kg/day) or vinclozolin (200 mg/kg/day); whereas neonatal females were treated either with corn oil or testosterone propionate (TP, 250 microg/kg/day). At PNDs 36-37, animals were observed for social play. Behaviors associated with general social activity, such as sniffing and dorsal contact, were unaffected by treatment or sex. However, play behavior in males treated with flutamide or vinclozolin was significantly reduced to near-female levels when compared to control males. Play behavior in females exposed to TP during the neonatal period was significantly increased when compared with control females. Hence, this study suggests that perinatal exposure to vinclozolin, an environmental antiandrogen, can alter androgen-dependent behavior, such as play, in the male rat.
Dynamically tunable 1D and 2D photonic bandgap structures for optical interconnect applications

Optical interconnects have begun replacing electrical wires in long distance, backplane applications. As their switching speed and efficiency improves, optical interconnects will penetrate deeper into the device architecture for inter- and intra-chip communications where direct integration with silicon microelectronics is a necessity. Tunable 1D and 2D silicon-based photonic bandgap (PBG) structures are viable building blocks for optical interconnects because they have the capability to redirect light both in- and out-of-plane. In this work, we report on external modulation of the optical properties of 1D and 2D porous silicon PBG structures infiltrated with liquid crystals. This class of eletrooptic modulators offers an inexpensive and versatile way of integrating optical interconnects with standard microelectronic circuits.
F-18 FDG PET/CT and Tc-99m Sulfur Colloid SPECT imaging in the diagnosis and treatment of a case of dual solitary fibrous tumors of the retroperitoneum and pancreas

Although FDG PET is increasingly used for the staging of many types of sarcoma, little has been written regarding the FDG PET imaging characteristics of solitary fibrous tumor. We report a patient undergoing FDG PET/CT surveillance for squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue who was incidentally found to have two soft tissue masses in the retroperitoneum and pancreatic tail. Due to their low degree of FDG avidity, they were followed conservatively for approximately one year as they gradually increased in size. Technetium-99m sulfur colloid SPECT helped confirm that the pancreatic tail mass was not a splenule, after which both lesions were surgically resected and found to be extrathoracic solitary fibrous tumors without malignant features. These findings suggest that, as with other low-grade sarcomas, benign extrathoracic solitary fibrous tumors exhibit relatively little glycolytic metabolism in vivo.
Directly observed hydrogen bonds at calcium-binding-sites of calmodulin in solution relate to affinity of the calcium-binding.

Abstract Molecular tuning to calcium-binding in the EF-hand motif of holo-calmodulin was studied in solution by NMR h3JNC′ H-bond couplings. In the N-terminus lobe of holo-calmodulin, the glutamate crucial for Ca2+ coordination has network of H-bonds weaker than inferred from the X-ray crystal structure. This glutamate at position 12 appears shifted away from the Ca2+ preferred coordination, which can explain the lower affinity of the calcium-binding to the N-terminus with respect to C-terminus EF hands.
Monocline development by oblique-slip fault-propagation folding: the East Kaibab monocline, Colorado Plateau, Utah

Abstract Fault relationships along a 50-km stretch of the East Kaibab monocline in southern Utah suggest that Late Cretaceous/early Tertiary development of the structure involved a significant component of right-lateral strike-slip displacement, accommodated by basement-rooted faulting and fault-propagation folding. Evidence of oblique slip is provided mainly by pervasive map-scale and outcrop-scale faults that define a shear zone occupying the steep east-dipping limb of the monocline for at least its northernmost 50 km. Dominant fault orientations are synthetic and antithetic to the shear zone, and accommodate reverse-right-lateral and reverse-left-lateral slip, respectively. Structural style within the shear zone changes character and increases in intensity with progressively lower structural and stratigraphic levels in the fold, suggesting that the shear zone propagated upward from a basement-rooted fault during monocline formation. We conclude that horizontal, ENE-directed, Laramide compression drove reverse-right-lateral slip on the basement fault zone beneath the developing East Kaibab monocline. The resulting transpressional fault-propagation fold is marked in southern Utah by 1600 m of reverse displacement and possibly 8000 m of right-lateral displacement across the shear zone and associated monoclinal flexure.
Facial recognition at the CIA

Law enforcement agencies need to identify suspects as they travel around the world. Terrorists and others change all sorts of information about themselves but their faces remain the same. The first operational facial recognition system (face trace) was developed at the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) in the late eighties. It combines image analysis technology with collateral information to create an 'electronic mug book.' Using some simple collateral information about a suspect (height, age and sex) and a photograph, the system gives users the ability to identify an unknown person with a reasonable probability. The system matches information extracted from the photographs with similar information extracted from a database of photographs of existing suspects. The technology was subsequently transferred to the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) for use by the Border Patrol.
Serotonergic dystrophy induced by excess serotonin.

Administration of certain serotonin-releasing amphetamine derivatives (fenfluramine and/or 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, MDMA, ‘ecstasy’) results in dystrophic serotonergic morphology in the mammalian brain. In addition to drug administration, dystrophic serotonergic neurites are also associated with neurodegenerative disorders. We demonstrate here that endogenously elevated serotonin in the Drosophila CNS induces aberrant enlarged varicosities, or spheroids, that are morphologically similar to dystrophic mammalian serotonergic fibers. In Drosophila these spheroids are specific to serotonergic neurons, distinct from typical varicosities, and form only after prolonged increases in cytoplasmic serotonin. Our results also suggest that serotonin levels during early development determine later sensitivity of spheroid formation to manipulations of the serotonin transporter (SERT). Elevated serotonin also interacts with canonical protein aggregation and autophagic pathways to form spheroids. The data presented here support a model in which excess cytoplasmic neurotransmitter triggers a cell-specific pathway inducing aberrant morphology in fly serotonergic neurons that may be shared in certain mammalian pathologies.
Is there a generalized energy conservation ethic? A comparison of the determinants of gasoline and home heating energy conservation

Abstract The body of research that has attempted to identify and characterize the “ecologically concerned” or “socially responsible” consumer is challenged for its assumption that this is a single group sharing a general disposition to conserve. Based on a comparison of gasoline and home heating energy conservers from a single sample, evidence is provided that these are two unique groups and that those who are conservers in both areas form a third unique group that is closer to the original notion of a generalized conservation ethic. Implications are discussed for future research focusing on energy conservation and social responsibility.
Towards a Theory of Applicant Faking: Integrating Studies of Deception

Abstract Research on applicant faking has generally employed group comparison designs in order to investigate the prevalence and effects of intentional response distortion on noncognitive selection tests. Unfortunately, these studies do not tell us which applicants are most likely to successfully fake their responses or the situational conditions which are most likely to induce excessive faking. In an effort to understand individual differences in intentional response distortion, an interactional model of applicant faking is proposed. Because successful faking requires both a motivation to fake the test and the ability to fake, the situational and dispositional factors influencing these facets are described. Where possible, research from the faking literature is used to verify the model. Studies of academic cheating, employee theft, deception and antisocial behavior are also presented in order to provide empirical support for the proposed model.
A predecisional approach to the measurement of the demand for information in a performance report

Abstract Accountants are concerned with what information decision makers demand to solve problems. The research reported in this paper measures the demand for information in performance reports. The measurements are obtained by a method developed by psychologists to measure the cognitive processing of information. The evidence indicates that there is a moderate but varying level of convergence among six behavioral measures of demand and that there is a low level of demand consensus. Finally, limitations and implications of the evidence are presented.
A DC-Type Hybrid Step Motor for Large Power Applications

The design, construction, and operation of experimental models of a dc-type hybrid step motor are discussed. This form of hybrid motor consists of a variable-reluctance step motor, the rotor of which is appropriately wound as a multipole dc motor. A computer-aided design procedure is discussed that is used to obtain the optimum parameters of the dc portion of the hybrid motor. The results obtained with two experimental models of this type of hybrid motor are presented. Both prototypes show a marked improvement in the running torque characteristics due to the dc windings. Torque-speed curves indicate load torques of 400 oz-in available at speeds up to several thousand revolutions per minute with one of the proto-types. This type of hybrid motor may be controlled in one of three different ways: a pure step motor, a pure dc motor, or a dc-aided step motor. The relative advantages, disadvantages, and application of each control mode are discussed. Several control strategies-open and closed loop-are presented for speed control as well as point-to-point type control of position. The practical feedback feasibility of this concept for high-power applications in the integral horsepower range is discussed.