cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Who Likes Political Science?: Determinants of Senators' Votes on the Coburn Amendment

In October 2009, political scientists learned of a Senate amendment sponsored by Tom Coburn (R-OK) that would eliminate political science funding from the National Science Foundation budget. The American Political Science Association condemned the proposed amendment, and concerned political scientists contacted their senators to urge the amendment's defeat. On November 5, 2009, the amendment was defeated 36-62 after little debate. This article examines the vote on the Coburn Amendment to understand the role that senators' personal, constituency, and institutional characteristics played in their votes. Logit analysis reveals that even after controlling for party, several factors significantly predict the vote, including the number of top-tier political science Ph.D. programs in the senator's state and whether the senator graduated with a bachelor's degree in political science.
Allochthonous litter inputs, organic matter standing stocks, and organic seston dynamics in upland Panamanian streams: potential effects of larval amphibians on organic matter dynamics

Allochthonous inputs of detritus represent an important energy source for streams in forested regions, but dynamics of these materials are not well studied in neotropical headwater streams. As part of the tropical amphibian declines in streams (TADS) project, we quantified benthic organic matter standing stocks and organic seston dynamics in four Panamanian headwater streams, two with (pre-amphibian decline) and two without (post-decline) healthy amphibian assemblages. We also measured direct litterfall and lateral litter inputs in two of these streams. Continuous litterfall and monthly benthic samples were collected for 1 year, and seston was collected 1–3 times/month for 1 year at or near baseflow. Direct litterfall was similar between the two streams examined, ranging from 934–1,137 g DM m−2 y−1. Lateral inputs were lower, ranging from 140–187 g DM m−1 y−1. Dead leaves (57–60%), wood (24–29%), and green leaves (8–9%) contributed most to inputs, and total inputs were generally higher during the rainy season. Annual habitat-weighted benthic organic matter standing stocks ranged from 101–171 g AFDM m−2 across the four study reaches, with ∼4 × higher values in pools compared to erosional habitats. Total benthic organic matter (BOM) values did not change appreciably with season, but coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM, >1 mm) generally decreased and very fine particulate organic matter (VFPOM, 1.6–250 μm) generally increased during the dry season. Average annual seston concentrations ranged from 0.2–0.6 mg AFDM l−1 (fine seston, 250 μm) and 2.0–4.7 mg AFDM l−1 (very fine, 1.6 μm), with very fine particles composing 85–92% of total seston. Quality of fine seston particles in the two reaches where tadpoles were present was significantly higher (lower C/N) than the two where tadpoles had been severely reduced (P = 0.0028), suggesting that ongoing amphibian declines in this region are negatively influencing the quality of particles exported from headwaters. Compared to forested streams in other regions, these systems receive relatively high amounts of allochthonous litter inputs but have low in-stream storage.
Relation of Stimulus-Seeking Behavior and Arousal Level

In order to test whether stimulation-seeking behavior is related to arousal level, Ss were divided on the basis of both a questionnaire measure, the Taylor MAS, and an arousal-producing task into high- and low-arousal groups. The frequency with which they pressed a telegraph key to turn speech noise either on or off was the dependent variable. There were no differences between the high- and low-arousal groups in the number of times they turned noise either on or off. This result was interpreted as not supporting the idea that stimulation-seeking behavior is an attempt to maintain an optimal level of arousal.
Replication of wheat dwarf virus DNA in protoplasts and analysis of coat protein mutants in protoplasts and plants.

Abstract The replication of wheat dwarf virus (WDV) in protoplasts derived from a Triticum monococcum suspension cell system was investigated. The production of circular viral double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) forms consistent with the replication of the viral genome was observed. In comparison to whole plants, the production of viral single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) was reduced, possibly due to only low levels of viral coat protein being produced in the protoplasts. Mutations introduced into the viral coat protein open reading frame (ORF) did not affect the ability of the viral DNA to replicate, and a deletion of ca. 400 bp was tolerated. However, these mutations abolished the infectivity of the viral genome when agroinoculated onto wheat plants, providing evidence that, contrary to the case for the bipartite geminiviruses, the coat protein is essential for infection by WDV.
Explorations in statistics: the analysis of change

Learning about statistics is a lot like learning about science: the learning is more meaningful if you can actively explore. This tenth installment of Explorations in Statistics explores the analysis of a potential change in some physiological response. As researchers, we often express absolute change as percent change so we can account for different initial values of the response. But this creates a problem: percent change is really just a ratio, and a ratio is infamous for its ability to mislead. This means we may fail to find a group difference that does exist, or we may find a group difference that does not exist. What kind of an approach to science is that? In contrast, analysis of covariance is versatile: it can accommodate an analysis of the relationship between absolute change and initial value when percent change is useless.
Documenting life: videography and common sense

This paper introduces a model for producing common sense metadata during video capture and describes how this technique can have a positive impact on content capture, representation, and presentation. Metadata entered into the system at the moment of capture is used to generate suggestions designed to help the videographer decide what to shoot, how to compose a shot and how to index their video material to best support their communication requirements. An approach and first experiments using a common sense database and reasoning techniques to support a partnership between the camera and videographer during video capture are presented.
Uridine insertion/deletion editing in trypanosomes: a playground for RNA-guided information transfer.

RNA editing is a collective term referring to enzymatic processes that change RNA sequence apart from splicing, 5′ capping or 3′ extension. In this review, we focus on uridine insertion/deletion mRNA editing found exclusively in mitochondria of kinetoplastid protists. This type of editing corrects frameshifts, introduces start and stops codons, and often adds much of the coding sequence to create an open reading frame. The mitochondrial genome of trypanosomatids, the most extensively studied clade within the order Kinetoplastida, is composed of ~50 maxicircles with limited coding capacity and thousands of minicircles. To produce functional mRNAs, a multitude of nuclear-encoded factors mediate interactions of maxicircle-encoded pre-mRNAs with a vast repertoire of minicircle-encoded guide RNAs. Editing reactions of mRNA cleavage, U-insertions or U-deletions, and ligation are catalyzed by the RNA editing core complex (RECC, the 20S editosome) while each step of this enzymatic cascade is directed by guide RNAs. These 50-60 nucleotide (nt) molecules are 3′ uridylated by RET1 TUTase and stabilized via association with the gRNA binding complex (GRBC). Remarkably, the information transfer between maxicircle and minicircle transcriptomes does not rely on template-dependent polymerization of nucleic acids. Instead, intrinsic substrate specificities of key enzymes are largely responsible for the fidelity of editing. Conversely, the efficiency of editing is enhanced by assembling enzymes and RNA binding proteins into stable multiprotein complexes.
Beyond dirty, dangerous and dull: what everyday people think robots should do

We present a study of people's attitudes toward robot workers, identifying the characteristics of occupations for which people believe robots are qualified and desired. We deployed a web-based public-opinion survey that asked respondents (n=250) about their attitudes regarding robots' suitability for a variety of jobs (n=812) from the U.S. Department of Labor's O*NET occupational information database. We found that public opinion favors robots for jobs that require memorization, keen perceptual abilities, and service-orientation. People are preferred for occupations that require artistry, evaluation, judgment and diplomacy. In addition, we found that people will feel more positively toward robots doing jobs with people rather than in place of people.
Memories, Temporalities, Fictions: Temporal Displacement in Contemporary Television

Television scholar Jason Mittell coined the term narrative complexity to describe television shows that feature serialized plots within episodic television. In this article the author examines a sp...
Exploring Challenges to Telehealth Communication by Specialists in Poison Information

The use of the telephone for providing health care is growing. A significant amount of social meaning is derived from visual information, and the absence of visual stimuli provides unique barriers to communication and increases the risks for misunderstandings and distractions. Understanding challenges to telephone communication can provide insight into training opportunities for overcoming these difficulties and improving patient care. The purpose of this research was to explore through focus groups the challenges of phone communication perceived by specialists in poison information. General types of challenges to effective phone communication included developing new communication skills to compensate for lack of visual information, difficulty assessing caller understanding, difficulty managing caller misunderstandings, maintaining distinctive assessments for routine calls, and managing the multifaceted aspects of job stress. The desire for training to enhance telehealth and cultural competency skills was also mentioned, and these findings might provide guidance for the development of training opportunities for telehealth professionals.
A Plasmonic Gold Nanostar Theranostic Probe for In Vivo Tumor Imaging and Photothermal Therapy

Nanomedicine has attracted increasing attention in recent years, because it offers great promise to provide personalized diagnostics and therapy with improved treatment efficacy and specificity. In this study, we developed a gold nanostar (GNS) probe for multi-modality theranostics including surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection, x-ray computed tomography (CT), two-photon luminescence (TPL) imaging, and photothermal therapy (PTT). We performed radiolabeling, as well as CT and optical imaging, to investigate the GNS probe's biodistribution and intratumoral uptake at both macroscopic and microscopic scales. We also characterized the performance of the GNS nanoprobe for in vitro photothermal heating and in vivo photothermal ablation of primary sarcomas in mice. The results showed that 30-nm GNS have higher tumor uptake, as well as deeper penetration into tumor interstitial space compared to 60-nm GNS. In addition, we found that a higher injection dose of GNS can increase the percentage of tumor uptake. We also demonstrated the GNS probe's superior photothermal conversion efficiency with a highly concentrated heating effect due to a tip-enhanced plasmonic effect. In vivo photothermal therapy with a near-infrared (NIR) laser under the maximum permissible exposure (MPE) led to ablation of aggressive tumors containing GNS, but had no effect in the absence of GNS. This multifunctional GNS probe has the potential to be used for in vivo biosensing, preoperative CT imaging, intraoperative detection with optical methods (SERS and TPL), as well as image-guided photothermal therapy.
Merit and blame in unequal societies: Explaining Latin Americans’ beliefs about wealth and poverty

Abstract Popular beliefs about the causes of inequality are often thought to reflect the actual processes behind social stratification. We use the case of Latin America to challenge this assumption. In these rigid and unequal societies, people are more likely to believe that wealth and poverty depend on individual merits or faults rather than structural constraints. Drawing on data from the 2007 Social Cohesion Survey, we use multinomial logistic regression and counterfactual simulation to investigate the factors that drive popular beliefs about wealth and poverty at the individual level, as well its distribution across countries. Our findings provide partial support to theories maintaining that being in an advantaged social position leads to favoring individualistic beliefs. We, however, report a novel effect of social class. More importantly, we show that unobserved country-level factors are the most powerful predictors and the only source of cross-country variation in the distribution of beliefs about the origins of inequality, thus ruling out a compositional explanation for cross-country heterogeneity.
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked ceruloplasmin is expressed in multiple rodent organs and is lower following dietary copper deficiency

Ceruloplasmin (Cp), a multicopper ferroxidase, is expressed as both a secreted (sCp) plasma enzyme from the liver and a membrane-bound glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored (GPI-Cp) splice variant protein. Cp is thought to be essential for iron mobilization as selective iron overload occurs in aceruloplasminemia in humans and in Cp null mice. Dietary copper-deficient (CuD) rodents have near total loss of Cp activity, severe loss of Cp protein and develop anemia. Hepatic iron augmentation is often observed, suggesting that loss of Cp function may be correlated with anemia. The impact of CuD treatment on GPI-Cp has not previously been evaluated. Our hypothesis was that CuD rodents would have lower levels of GPI-Cp and this would correlate with higher tissue iron retention. In these studies, GPI-Cp was detected in purified membranes of multiple organs of rats and mice but not Cp -/- mice. Immunoreactive Cp protein was released with phosphatidylinositol phospholipase C treatment and expressed ferroxidase activity. Following perinatal and postnatal copper restriction, GPI-Cp was markedly lower in the spleen and modestly lower in the liver of CuD rats and mice, when compared with copper-adequate (CuA) rodents. However, spleen non-heme iron (NHI) was lower in CuD than CuA rats, and not different in CuD mice. Hepatic iron was higher only in CuD mice. Spleen and liver membranes of CuD rats expressed augmented levels of ferroportin, the iron efflux transporter, which may explain lower NHI content in the spleen of CuD rats despite a greater than 50% lower level of the multicopper ferroxidase GPI-Cp. Spleen and liver levels of GPI-Cp mRNA were not impacted in CuD rats, suggesting that turnover rather than biosynthesis may explain the lower steady-state levels of GPI-Cp following dietary copper restriction. Lower GPI-Cp did not correlate with tissue iron retention and thus the role, if any, of Cp in anemia of copper deficiency is unknown.
An Evaluation of a “Trade-Offs” Implementation Using Canonical Estimation of Joint Educational Production Functions

Learning and attitude formation resulting from the use of the “Trade-Offs” television series is evaluated from a joint generalization production function estimated using canonical correlation. Employing this technique, the cognitive achievement and attitudes of students exposed to the television series are compared to students not using the series. As a bonus, the instructional output of teachers who have attended workshops of various duration are also compared.
Tetrakis(bis(trimethylsilyl)amido)uranium(IV): synthesis and reactivity

The synthesis of the sterically saturated uranium(IV) complex U[N(SiMe3)2]4 (1) is demonstrated from the one-electron oxidation of U[N(SiMe3)2]3 with a variety of oxidants in THF. A high yielding synthesis of 1 directly from UI3(THF)4 is provided.
Benevolent racism? The impact of target race on ambivalent sexism

Two studies investigated whether benevolent sexism is differentially applied based on a woman’s race. Study 1 demonstrated that participants expressed more benevolent sexism to White females than B...
Plant Endemism on Mancos Shale Barrens

ABSTRACT: During the past decade, three previously undescribed vascular plant species have been documented growing on Mancos Shale barrens in southwest Colorado. Soil chemistry has been correlated with the presence of some rare endemics elsewhere, such as species growing on serpentine soils. However, research on shale barrens suggests that structural components, rather than unique chemistry, more strongly influence endemism on this substrate. The effect of the structural characteristics of the barrens soil was examined in connection with the presence of cushion bladderpod (Physaria pulvinata), a rare barrens endemic. The results suggest that P. pulvinata may be uniquely suited to the shallow soil and low moisture characteristic of the shale barrens habitat. The need for long-term monitoring and management is discussed.
Learning haptic affordances from demonstration and human-guided exploration

In this paper, we present a system for learning haptic affordance models of complex manipulation skills. The goal of a haptic affordance model is to better complete tasks by characterizing what a particular object-action pair feels like. We use learning from demonstration to provide the robot with an example of a successful interaction with a given object. We then use environmental scaffolding to collect grounded examples (successes and unsuccessful "near misses") of the haptic data for the object-action pair, using a force/torque (F/T) sensor mounted at the wrist. From this we build one success Hidden Markov Model (HMM) and one "near-miss" HMM for each object-action pair. We evaluate this approach with five different actions over seven different objects to learn two specific affordances (open-able and scoop-able). We show that by building a library of object-action pairs for each affordance, we can successfully monitor a trajectory of haptic data to determine if the robot finds an affordance. This is supported through cross-validation on the object-action pairs, with four of the seven object-action pairs achieving a perfect F1 score, and with leave-one-object-out testing, where the learned object-actions models correctly identify the specific affordance with an average accuracy of 67% for scoop-able and 53% for open-able.
SWOT analysis and countermeasures of vocational surgical nursing practice course multimedia teaching

Objective:To explore the the higher vocational surgical nursing practice course in multimedia teaching strengths and weaknesses,countermeasures to improve the effect of practical teaching.Methods:Analysis of the strengths,weaknesses,opportunities and threats of vocational surgical nursing training in multimedia technology by SWOT analysis.Results:Multimedia teaching used in surgical nursing training teaching interesting,more in line with the cognitive rules,but to reduce the teachers′ words and deeds of the opportunity.Conclusion:The school should improve teaching equipment,strengthen teacher training,deal with the relationship between multimedia teaching and other teaching methods,and make multimedia teaching techniques to better serve the teaching of surgical nursing training.
Abstract B20: In silico and in vitro drug screening identifies new therapeutic approaches targeting DNA double-strand breaks repair in Ewing sarcoma

Purpose: Ewing sarcoma (EWS) is the second most frequent malignant bone and soft-tissue tumor in children and young adults. More than 85% of EWS expressed the oncogenic transcription factor EWS-FLI1 fusion protein. With current therapies, about 75% of patients with localized disease survive, but patients with metastatic or recurrent disease have a dismal outcome with survival rates less than 20%. Although significant advances have been made in understanding the molecular basis of EWS, little has changed in the treatment of EWS patients over the past four decades. Efforts have been focused on the development of therapeutics targeting the EWS-FLI1 oncoprotein; however, no effective drugs have been developed. Therefore, our goal was to accelerate promising and new combination therapies to EWS patients through drug repurposing and rediscovery, and to expand the treatment options and improve treatment outcomes for patients with this rare and life-threatening disease. Methods: We first employed an integrated gene expression signatures-based bioinformatics approach to identify FDA-approved drugs that are predicted to reverse the EWS disease gene signatures and/or mimic the silencing of the EWS-FLI1 oncogene. We then evaluated the drug hits from the in silico approaches in three benign sarcoma cell lines (Hs 919.T., Hs 822.T., Hs 863.T.) and a panel of six genetically diverse EWS cell lines (A673, TC71, SK-ES-1, RD-ES, CHLA-258 and COG-E-352) by using CellTiter-Blue® Cell Viability Assay. The cytotoxic activities and drug interaction of the most potent drugs in various combinations were further assessed in vitro by using 8x8 matrix dose response assay. The combination index (CI) was calculated by the CompuSyn software according to the Chou and Talalay9s method. Cellular apoptosis and DNA damage response after drug treatments in EWS cells were analyzed by Western blot. Results: Twenty-six FDA-approved drugs were identified through in silico prediction approaches (FDR Conclusions: Our studies revealed that the combination of MS-275 and elesclomol were synergistic and that MS-275 sensitized EWS cells to elesclomol through targeting DNA DSBs repair. This combination therapy may provide an alternative treatment strategy for children and young adults diagnosed with Ewing sarcoma. Citation Format: Yan Ma, Bin Chen, Scott J. Weir, Atul Butte, Andrew K. Godwin. In silico and in vitro drug screening identifies new therapeutic approaches targeting DNA double-strand breaks repair in Ewing sarcoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Pediatric Cancer Research: From Mechanisms and Models to Treatment and Survivorship; 2015 Nov 9-12; Fort Lauderdale, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(5 Suppl):Abstract nr B20.
Sexually dimorphic myeloid inflammatory and metabolic responses to diet-induced obesity

It is well known in clinical and animal studies that women and men have different disease risk as well as different disease physiology. Women of reproductive age are protected from metabolic and cardiovascular disease compared with postmenopausal women and men. Most murine studies are skewed toward the use of male mice to study obesity-induced metabolic dysfunction because of similar protection in female mice. We have investigated dietary obesity in a mouse model and have directly compared inflammatory responses in males and females. In this review we will summarize what is known about sex differences in diet-induced inflammation and will summarize our data on this topic. It is clear that sex differences in high-fat diet-induced inflammatory activation are due to cell intrinsic differences in hematopoietic responses to obesogenic cues, but further research is needed to understand what leads to sexually dimorphic responses.
Time-lapse full-waveform inversion with ocean-bottom-cable data: Application on Valhall field

ABSTRACTKnowledge of changes in reservoir properties resulting from extracting hydrocarbons or injecting fluid is critical to future production planning. Full-waveform inversion (FWI) of time-lapse seismic data provides a quantitative approach to characterize the changes by taking the difference of the inverted baseline and monitor models. The baseline and monitor data sets can be inverted either independently or jointly. Time-lapse seismic data collected by ocean-bottom cables (OBCs) in the Valhall field in the North Sea are suitable for such time-lapse FWI practice because the acquisitions are of a long offset, and the surveys are well-repeated. We have applied independent and joint FWI schemes to two time-lapse Valhall OBC data sets, which were acquired 28 months apart. The joint FWI scheme is double-difference waveform inversion (DDWI), which inverts differenced data (the monitor survey subtracted by the baseline survey) for model changes. We have found that DDWI gave a cleaner and more easily interpr...
Maltreatment of Children Under Age 2 With Specific Birth Defects: A Population-Based Study.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Children with disabilities are at an increased risk for maltreatment. However, the risk of maltreatment is unknown for children with specific types of birth defects. This study was conducted to determine whether the risk and predictors of maltreatment differ between children with and without 3 birth defects: Down syndrome, cleft lip with/without cleft palate, and spina bifida. METHODS: This population-based study of substantiated childhood maltreatment was conducted in Texas from 2002 to 2011. Linked data were used to describe the risk and types of maltreatment that occurred before age 2 years in children with and without specific birth defects. Poisson regression was used to identify predictors of maltreatment and assess differences in those predictors between children with and without these specific birth defects. RESULTS: The risk of maltreatment (any type) in children with cleft lip with/without cleft palate and spina bifida was increased by 40% and 58%, respectively, compared with children with no birth defects. The risk of any maltreatment was similar between children with Down syndrome and unaffected children. Across birth defect groups, the risk of medical neglect was 3 to 6 times higher than in the unaffected group. Child-, family-, and neighborhood-level factors predicted maltreatment in children with and without birth defects. CONCLUSIONS: The overall risk of substantiated maltreatment was significantly higher for some but not all birth defect groups. The factors associated with increased risk were similar across groups. Enhancement of existing maltreatment prevention and early intervention programs may be effective mechanisms to provide at-risk families additional support.
Non-destructive determination of 235 U, 238 U, 232 Th and 40 K concentrations in various consumed nuts and their implication on radiation dose levels to the human body

The naturally occurring radionuclides of 238,235,234U,232Th and 40K and their daughter products are a potential source of radiation found in food. We have determined these five radiation sources in five popular consumed nuts. We used the following neutron activation analysis reactions of 238U(n,γ)239U, 232Th(n,γ)233Th and 41K(n,γ)42K to determine 238U and 232Th and 40K, respectively. Using known activity ratios of uranium stable isotopes we determined the activity of 234,235U, while 40K was found by the determined concentrations of 41K in the nuts. While the radiation doses are small we have established a reliable methodology to determine these radionuclides in typical edible nuts.
Global transcript structure resolution of high gene density genomes through multi-platform data integration

Annotation of herpesvirus genomes has traditionally been undertaken through the detection of open reading frames and other genomic motifs, supplemented with sequencing of individual cDNAs. Second generation sequencing and high-density microarray studies have revealed vastly greater herpesvirus transcriptome complexity than is captured by existing annotation. The pervasive nature of overlapping transcription throughout herpesvirus genomes, however, poses substantial problems in resolving transcript structures using these methods alone. We present an approach that combines the unique attributes of Pacific Biosciences Iso-Seq long-read, Illumina short-read and deepCAGE (Cap Analysis of Gene Expression) sequencing to globally resolve polyadenylated isoform structures in replicating Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Our method, Transcriptome Resolution through Integration of Multi-platform Data (TRIMD), identifies nearly 300 novel EBV transcripts, quadrupling the size of the annotated viral transcriptome. These findings illustrate an array of mechanisms through which EBV achieves functional diversity in its relatively small, compact genome including programmed alternative splicing (e.g. across the IR1 repeats), alternative promoter usage by LMP2 and other latency-associated transcripts, intergenic splicing at the BZLF2 locus, and antisense transcription and pervasive readthrough transcription throughout the genome.
Developing information-space Confidence Building Measures (CBMs) between India and Pakistan

The Internet has changed the world in ways hitherto unknown. The international financial system, air, land and maritime transport systems are all digitally linked. Similarly most militaries are fully or partially networked. This has not only sped up the decision making processes at all levels, it has also rendered these systems vulnerable to cyber-attacks. Cyber-warfare is now recognized as the most potent form of non-kinetic war fighting. In order to prevent large scale network-attacks, cyber-powers are simultaneously spending a lot of time, money and effort to erect redundant cyber-defenses and enhancing their offensive cyber capabilities. Difficulties in creating a stable environment in information-space stem from differing national perceptions regarding the freedom of the Internet, application of international law and problems associated with attribution. This paper discusses a range of Confidence Building Measures that can be created between India and Pakistan in information-space to control malicious cyber behavior and avert an inadvertent war.
TU-FG-207A-01: Introduction to Grand Challenges

Peer-reviewed journals and conference proceedings publish hundreds of papers that describe new medical imaging algorithms, including, for example, techniques for computer-aided diagnosis or characterization, segmentation, image registration, image reconstruction, and radiomics. It is difficult, if not impossible, to fairly compare the performance of these algorithms as investigators must either use different data sets, or if using the same data, use different implementations of competing algorithms. Grand Challenges facilitate the fair comparison of algorithms by providing a common data set to all participants and by having each participant be responsible for implementation of their own algorithm. The dissemination of findings from Grand Challenges provides important information to the scientific community and helps to determine which approaches have the greatest promise for successful translation to clinical practice. In this session we will review the outcomes and lessons learned from the 2015 SPIE-AAPM-NCI Lung Nodule Classification Challenge. We will then turn to the 2016 NIH-AAPM-Mayo Clinic Low Dose CT Grand Challenge, providing an overview of denoising and iterative reconstruction approaches and a description of the Challenge. The top 3 performing participants will be announced, and each will give a short presentation on their technique. Learning Objectives: 1. Understand the role of Grand Challenges in the field of medical imaging 2. Be able to summarize the outcomes of the 2015 lung nodule classification challenge 3. Be able to review the primary types of noise reduction techniques used in CT 4. Be familiar with a library of patient CT projection data available to researchers 5. Learn which techniques performed best in the Low Dose CT Grand Challenge Pelc: GE Healthcare, Philips Healthcare; McCollough: Research grant, Siemens Healthcare; Low Dose CT Grand Challenge supported by the AAPM Science Council and NIH (grant EB 017185), and hosted by the Mayo Clinic; Giger: stockholder R2 technology/Hologic, royalties from Hologic, GE Medical Systems, MEDIAN Technologies, Riverain Medical, Mitsubishi/Toshiba. Cofounder/stockholder Quantitative Insights.
Peripheral urbanization: Autoconstruction, transversal logics, and politics in cities of the global south:

Many cities around the world have been largely constructed by their residents, who build not only their own houses, but also frequently their neighborhoods. In this article, I use the notion of peripheral urbanization to analyze this way of producing cities that is quite pervasive in the global south. I argue that peripheral urbanization refers to modes of the production of space that (a) operate with a specific temporality and agency, (b) engage transversally with official logics, (c) generate new modes of politics, and (d) create highly unequal and heterogeneous cities. I also argue that peripheral urbanization not only produces heterogeneity within the city as it unfolds over time, but also varies considerably from one city to another. I build my arguments by juxtaposing dissimilar cases from a few cities in the global south. To focus on peripheral urbanization means simultaneously to de-center urban theory and to offer a bold characterization of modes of the production of space that are different from...
Microscopical characterization of known postmortem root bands using light and scanning electron microscopy

A postmortem root band (PMRB) is a distinct microscopic feature that is postulated to occur in hair remaining in the follicle during the postmortem interval [1] (Petraco et al., 1998). The scientific validity of this premise has been highlighted in two recent high-profile criminal cases involving PMRBs [2,3] (State of Florida v. Casey Marie Anthony, 2008; People v. Kogut, 2005). To better understand the fundamental aspects of postmortem root banding, the microscopical properties of known PMRBs1 were characterized by light microscopy, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging of microtomed sections of hairs showing root banding. The results from this study show that the appearance of the PMRB may be due to the degradation of the chemically labile, non-keratin intermacrofibrillar matrix (IMM) in the pre-keratin/keratogenous region of anagen hairs. In addition, this degradation is confined to the cortex of the hair, with no apparent damage to the layers of the cuticle. These results could provide valuable information for determining the mechanism of band formation, as well as identify a set of microscopic features that could be used to distinguish hairs with known PMRBs from similarly looking environmentally degraded hairs.
First Principles Study of Molecular O 2 Adsorption on the PdO(101) Surface

Interactions of O2 with the PdO(101) surface were studied using spin-dependent density-functional theory (DFT) with both the PBE and the non-local hybrid HSE exchange–correlation functional. The adsorption energies are strongly overestimated (by 40–60 kJ/mol) with PBE, whereas HSE predicts adsorption energies that are within ~5 kJ/mol of values derived from temperature programmed desorption (TPD) experiments. A detailed partial density of states analysis indicates that the band gap between the PdO d-band center and the LUMO of O2 plays an important role in determining the adsorption strength. This gap is larger for the HSE functional and leads to a decrease in the back donation of the metal d-states to the O2 LUMO orbital resulting in weaker adsorption. Based on the DFT–HSE calculations, three adsorption minima are found to be stable. The most favored configuration, with an adsorption energy of −67 kJ/mol, consists of an O2 molecule lying flat and interacting with two coordinatively unsaturated Pd (Pdcus) surface atoms. The other two configurations have weaker adsorption energies of about −25 kJ/mol and bind to a single Pdcus atom with the O2 molecule oriented away from the surface. The HSE results can be correlated with the observed TPD spectra, which shows only one type of O2 configuration at low coverages with a subsequently lower temperature (more weakly bound) peak evolving at higher coverages associated with the singly coordinated O2 adsorption configurations that start to populate when two adjacent Pdcus sites start to become unavailable.
An overview of ARL's low profile antenna work utilizing anisotropic metaferrites

We present an overview of the U.S. Army Research Laboratory's efforts in developing low profile and wideband antennas for tactical communications. Specifically we utilize an anisotropic magneto-dielectric substrate. This work includes the development of a flared dipole from 200 to 500 MHz, as well as a circularly polarized crossed dipole for satellite communications from 240 to 320 MHz. Each of these antennas are cavity backed with a profile of less than a fortieth of a wavelength. Finally, we give an overview of the theory of anisotropic transverse resonance to be utilized in next generation cavity backed antennas.
PtCo@NCNTs cathode catalyst using ZIF-67 for proton exchange membrane fuel cell

Abstract Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks (ZIF) is one of the potential candidates as highly conducting networks with large surface area with a possibility to be used as catalyst support for low temperature fuel cells. In the present study, highly active state-of-the-art Pt Co@NCNTs (Nitrogen Doped Carbon Nanotube) catalyst was synthesized by pyrolyzing ZIF-67 along with Pt precursor under flowing Ar H 2 atmosphere. The multi-walled NCNTs were densely grown on the surface of ZIF particles after pyrolysis. The high resolution TEM examination was employed to examine the nature of the Pt Co particles as well as multi-walled NCNTs. Rotating disk electrode study was used for measuring oxygen reduction reaction performance for Pt Co@NCNTs in 0.1 M HClO 4 and compared with commercial Pt/C catalyst. Fuel cell performance with Pt Co@NCNT and commercial Pt/C catalysts was evaluated at 70 °C using Nafion-212 electrolyte using H 2 and O 2 gases (100% RH) and the observed peak power density of 630 and 560 mW cm −2 , respectively.
Cell to Cell Interaction in Erythropoiesis: The Role of the Thymus

The role of the thymus in regulation of erythropoiesis is the subject of this study. We have demonstrated that several populations of thymic lymphocytes can be isolated using counter flow elutriation to separate the cells on the basis of size. Small cells when co-cultured with syngeneic bone marrow cells for erythropoietic progenitor cell growth (CFU-E) increase colony formation suggesting a helper function. These are a minority population representing only 2.5% of the total.Larger cells elutriated will suppress CFU-E growth in co-culture. Addition of W/WV anemic thymocytes to +/+ marrow of either small or large size are only inhibitory, suggesting a defect in W/WV thymic regulatory network.
Local-Regional Evaluation and Therapy: Maximizing Margin-Negative Breast Cancer Resection Rates on the First Try

Numerous strategies and technologies have been historically used, with new ones being rapidly introduced, to maximize the chance of obtaining clear margins at the first lumpectomy. The goal of this review was to summarize the data on each, illustrate their strengths and weaknesses, and equip the surgeon to determine which best fits into their center or practice. There is no technology or device currently that always results in negative margins. Many of the studies reviewed (including frozen sections, shave margins, specimen radiography, intraoperative ultrasound, imprint cytology, and new devices) show excellent negative margin rates, but many of the comparison studies have conflicting results and reasons for this are discussed. Newer emerging technologies hold great promise but there is a tendency to overinflate positive results. It is important for surgeons to review their own re-excision rates to determine the need for further technology and strategies. Most of the investigative technologies are still years away from widespread acceptance.
Antonio de Cabezón y la música instrumental europea de los siglos XVI y XVII

More than 30 years after the scholarly work of Macario Santiago Kastner (1977) we can retry to discuss the question of Cabezon’s importance within european instrumental music. Reading the historical documents in their original context a reassessment in many cases is possible concerning the so-called influence of Cabezon on other composers in Europe. It seems noteworthy, that Cabezon’s memoria remained alive through the 17th century also. Furthermore, this essay presents a hitherto unknown source. The printed report on the wedding of the Spanish king Carlos II (ʻel hechizadoʼ) Marie-Louise d’Orleans in 1679 mentions instrumental music of Cabezon for a theater performance. Although this report in large parts is freely invented, it shows the great importance of Cabezon more than hundred years after his death.
Epidemiology of HPV in Head and Neck Cancer: Variant Strains, Discrete Protein Function

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has emerged as a major causative agent for cancers of the head and neck. HPV-positive cancers of the oropharynx are associated with better survival rates than HPV-negative cancers of the oropharynx, which appears likely to be associated with differences in the biology of the two diseases. We will discuss the role of HPV-encoded proteins in host infection and carcinogenesis. HPV infection is increasing worldwide, with recent data showing a dramatic increase in HPV-associated oropharyngeal head and neck cancer incidence, and contrasting infection rates in developed and developing nations. Finally, we will review the emerging biology of intratypic variants of HPV, with different variants associated with different potential for malignancy, and suggest potential areas of further study.
Abstract 3882: Functional validation of a genome-wide association study (GWAS) SNP associated with anthracycline-induced congestive heart failure

Anthracyclines are commonly used chemotherapies for the treatment of breast cancer, but they can cause dose-related cardiotoxicities and lead to congestive heart failure (CHF) in ~2% of patients. There are no clinically available predictive biomarkers for this toxicity. Previously we have identified and validated the association of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs28714259, with CHF in three large adjuvant phase III breast cancer trials. rs28714259 locates in a putative glucocorticoid receptor (GR) binding site and the risk (minor) allele is predicted to disrupt GR binding. Interestingly, activation of GR-signaling by dexamethasone has been shown to protect cardiomyocytes from doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in rat. To test whether the risk allele affects GR binding efficiency in vitro, we performed electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) in MCF-7 and A549 cells. 100nM of dexamethasone for 4 hours induced a prominent band shift in either the major- or risk-allele probes. Notably, we observed a ~50% reduction in the shifted band intensity of risk-allele probes compared to major-allele probes, suggesting decreased binding in risk-allele probes. No additional supershift was detected after the binding reaction was co-incubated with a GR antibody. However, the previously shifted band was significantly diminished in both the major- and risk-allele probes, probably due to a conformational change induced by GR antibody and leading to the disruption of GR/DNA binding, which in turn suggests the observed shift was specifically caused by GR. Further validations are ongoing using cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). These studies provide further insight into the function and role of rs28714259 in anthracycline-induced CHF. Citation Format: Xi Wu, Gloria Xue, Laura Gardner, Fei Shen, Guanglong Jiang, Santosh Philips, Geneva Cunningham, Bryan P. Schneider. Functional validation of a genome-wide association study (GWAS) SNP associated with anthracycline-induced congestive heart failure [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3882.
Impact of language on distress screening in cancer patients at an NCI-Designated Comprehensive Cancer Center.

e18070Background: Psychological distress has been linked to poor outcomes among cancer patients. In 2007, the Institute of Medicine reported that distress is often unrecognized. While much is known...
A Group-Based Online Intervention to Prevent Postpartum Depression (Sunnyside): Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Postpartum depression (PPD) has a 20% 3-month prevalence rate. The consequences of PPD are significant for the mother, infant, and the family. There is a need for preventive interventions for PPD, which are effective and accessible; however, many barriers exist for women who attempt to access perinatal depression prevention programs. Internet interventions for the treatment and prevention of depression are widely accepted as efficacious and may overcome some of the issues pertaining to access to treatment barriers perinatal women face. However, internet interventions offered without any human support tend to have low adherence but positive outcomes for those who do complete treatment. Internet support groups often have high levels of adherence but minimal data supporting efficacy as a treatment for depression. Taken together, these findings suggest that combining the treatment components of individual interventions with the support provided by an internet support group might create an intervention with the scalability and cost-effectiveness of an individual intervention and the better outcomes typically found in supported interventions. Objectives: This study aimed to describe the development of a cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) internet intervention with peer support to prevent PPD and examine preliminary depression and site usage outcomes. Methods: User-centered design groups were used to develop the internet intervention. Once the intervention was developed, women who were 20 to 28 weeks pregnant with symptoms of depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-8 scores of 5-14) but who had no major depression diagnosis were enrolled in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to compare 8 weeks of a CBT-based internet intervention with peer support to an individual internet intervention designed to prevent PPD. Assessments took place at baseline, 4 weeks, 8 weeks (end of treatment), and then 4 weeks and 6 weeks postpartum. Results: A total of 25 women were randomized. Of these, 24 women completed the RCT. Patient Health Questionnaire-9 scores at 6 weeks postpartum remained below the clinical threshold for referral for treatment in both groups, with depression measures showing a decrease in symptoms from baseline to postpartum. At 6 weeks postpartum, only 4% (1/24) met the criteria for PPD. There was no difference between groups in adherence to the intervention, with an average of 14.55 log-ins over the course of treatment. Conclusions: Results suggest women were responsive to both peer support and individual internet interventions to prevent PPD and that peer support may be a useful feature to keep participants adherent. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02121015; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02121015 (archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/765a7qBKy)