cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An integrated approach to teaching computer systems architecture

At Georgia Tech, since the Fall of 1999, we have been teaching a first course in systems that represents a radical departure from the usual stovepipe model of teaching computer architecture and operating systems. By making this course a required one for CS majors in their sophomore year, we have accomplished several goals the most important of which is the opportunity for students to pursue deeper exposure to systems in their junior and senior years, through additional courses and research, if they so choose. The pedagogical style embodied in this course fosters a good understanding of the symbiotic relationship between hardware and software for the students early on in their undergraduate experience.
High resolution optical fiber-integrated resonant biosensors

Optical sensors based on resonating periodic waveguides are presented. Spectral shifts of 6.4nm are measured as protein chemically binds to a sensor surface. Measured transmission notches agree with theory for a double-layer fibertip device.
The continuum of care in a general hospital setting

Service delivery in behavioral health is shifting from the traditional two-tiered model of care that has favored inpatient and outpatient treatment. In its place, a new paradigm based upon a broad and fluid continuum of services is now becoming recognized for its contributions to quality of care and efficiency in contemporary system design. This article provides an overview of the forces that have stimulated the development of continuum-based programs and services. The characteristics of an effective continuum are discussed as well as barriers that impede its development. Finally, the evolving levels of care within the continuum are addressed and an integrated continuum model is presented.
Capillary pressure in softwoods

To predict the capillary transport of free liquid during the drying of softwood, it is essential to have knowledge of capillary pressure as a function of moisture content. The dependence of the capillary pressure on the wood's moisture content is predicted with a mechanistic model and measured for isothermal moisture movement in the tangetial direction. The experimental measurements confirm the model which is formulated on the postulate that the menisci that form between the liquid and gas in the tracheid lumens control the magnitude of the capillary pressure. Lumen size variation within an annual growh ring was found to significantly affect the local capillary pressure and indicated that separate flow paths are likely to exist in earlywood and latewood.
Detection of juvenile hormone‐active compounds by larvae of the marine annelid Capitella sp. I

Several bioassay systems have been previously developed to detect the presence of juvenile hormones or compounds with juvenile hormone-activity (JH activity). While investigating the effects of juvenile hormones on polychaete annelid development, we have previously found that metatrochophore larvae of the polychaete Capitella sp. I are induced to settle and metamorphose in response to compounds with JH-activity in less than 1 h. Investigating further the settlement-inducing effects of chemicals with varying degrees of JH-activity, we have found that there is a positive relationship between the JH-activity of chemicals in the Galleria insect cuticle bioassay and their ability to induce settlement and metamorphosis of the Capitella larvae. The juvenoids JH I, JH III, and methyl farnesoate induced 50% of the larvae to settle and metamorphose in 1 h at concentrations of 25, 12, and 1 μM dissolved in the seawater (EC50s). The JH-active fatty acid eicosatrienoic acid also was very active having an EC50 of 10 μM, whereas non-JH-active chemicals such as cholesterol and alkane hydrocarbons were not effective in inducing settlement and metamorphosis. These results therefore suggest that the Capitella settlement and metamorphosis assay may aid in the detection and purification of chemicals with JH-activity. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
On the role of theoretical inquiry in psychology: A double-edged sword

Abstract Wachtel's article is as relevant today as it was over a quarter century ago, especially as public support for higher education has declined, and increased pressure to obtain external research funding is needed in order to support universities. Although Wachtel's observation that research and grant funding are more likely to be reinforced then theoretical inquiry, there is a serious question regarding whether theory can be effective in advancing the field of psychology and psychotherapy. Some of problems that typically have been associated with theory in our field are discussed, and the argument is made that theoretical inquiry be directed to the formulation of less abstract and more focal principles of human behavior and the therapy change process.
EARLY LEAF ONTOGENY AND SHOOT DEVELOPMENT IN BROWNEA ARIZA (LEGUMINOSAE)

Brownea ariza Benth. (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae) shows early shoot tip abortion and subsequent renewal growth from the pseudoterminal bud. This species is unusual in that the entire shoot system is formed before flushing from the bud occurs, shoot tip abortion occurs during flushing, and the aborting portion contains three to six leaves as well as primordial structures varying from hood to peg shape. This study focused on the morphological changes from initiation of scale and foliage leaf primordia in the "resting" renewal bud through bud elongation to flushing and bud abortion. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that embryonic scale leaves are hood-shaped while foliage leaf primordia show early segmentation into leaflets and stipules. No transitional stages were observed. Bud scales and foliage leaves show opposite developmental trends. In bud scales, length at maturity increases from first to last formed, while length decreases in sequentially formed foliage leaves. Early in leaf development the stipules keep pace with the elongation of the rachis. When the bud reaches about one half of its final length the leaf rachis begins to exceed the lengths of its stipules. This young rachis terminates in a distinct mucro that persists until maturity at which time it abscises. Growth pattems indicate that mucro and rachis are a single developmental unit. The early abortion of a shoot tip containing several leaves cannot be easily rationalized. Previous suggestions have involved maintenance of form and ecological adaptation. We add the possibility of elimination of cell progeny encumbered by mutations. From this and other studies of this group, it is clear that at maturity leaves of different species may look alike, e.g., Hymenaea and Colophospermum are bifoliolate; Brownea, Saraca, and others are multifoliolate. However, early stages of leaf ontogeny are quite diverse and may be of systematic value, since these early differences are lost
Comparison of thermo-mechanical behavior of lead-free copper and tin–lead column grid array packages

Abstract Thermo-mechanical behavior of the lead (Pb)-free ceramic copper column grid array (CuCGA) package under accelerated thermal cycling is characterized and compared with the conventional tin–lead (Sn–Pb) ceramic column grid array (CCGA). In situ thermal deformations of the highest DNP (distance to neutral point) copper column is measured for an initial isothermal loading of Δ T = −75 °C and subsequent accelerated thermal cycling of −40 °C to +125 °C. The deformed shape of the column and the distribution of inelastic strains are measured from the displacement fields. The dominant deformation mode is bending of the column due to thermal expansion mismatch between the module and the printed circuit board (PCB). The results are compared with those of tin–lead CCGA tested under similar conditions. Unlike tin–lead columns, where the failure occurs at the column near the top of the solder fillet and through the thickness of the column, in the CuCGA, the failure is found to occur first in the solder fillet at the solder/copper column interface and the crack propagates along the periphery of the copper column. The accumulated plastic deformation per cycle is larger in tin–lead columns compared to the copper columns. A deformation mechanism is provided to explain the nature of this failure.
Efficient MCMC sampling with implicit shape representations

We present a method for sampling from the posterior distribution of implicitly defined segmentations conditioned on the observed image. Segmentation is often formulated as an energy minimization or statistical inference problem in which either the optimal or most probable configuration is the goal. Exponentiating the negative energy functional provides a Bayesian interpretation in which the solutions are equivalent. Sampling methods enable evaluation of distribution properties that characterize the solution space via the computation of marginal event probabilities. We develop a Metropolis-Hastings sampling algorithm over level-sets which improves upon previous methods by allowing for topological changes while simultaneously decreasing computational times by orders of magnitude. An M-ary extension to the method is provided.
Water deprivation and subfornical organ activity in the pigeon a [14C]2-deoxyglucose study

Following varying degrees of water deprivation (0, 24 and 72 h), functional activity in the subfornical organ (SFO) of pigeons was measured using the [14C]2-deoxyglucose method. Increasing levels of water deprivation produced a significant increase in glucose uptake in SFO. The magnitude of the effect was systematically correlated with morphologically defined SFO subdivisions.
The Discovery of Optical Bursts from MS 1603.6+2600 (UW Coronae Borealis)

We report the discovery of several optical burstlike events from the low-mass X-ray binary MS 1603.6+2600 (UW CrB). The events last for a few tens of seconds, exhibit a very fast rise and slow decay, and involve optical brightening of a factor of 2-3. The flares appear distinct from the lower level flickering and instead strongly resemble reprocessed type I X-ray bursts as seen in a number of other neutron star low-mass X-ray binaries. In conjunction with the previously reported candidate X-ray burst, these confirm that the compact object in UW CrB is a neutron star. We examine the optical burst brightness and recurrence times and discuss how the nature of the system can be constrained. We conclude that the source is most likely an accretion disk corona source at an intermediate distance, rather than a nearby quiescent system or very distant dipper.
Catch‐and‐Release Mortality Rates of Common Snook in Florida

Abstract Mortality rates were determined for common snook Centropomus undecimalis that had been hooked and released in different localities throughout southern Florida. Researchers and cooperative anglers caught, tagged, and retained 470 common snook ranging from 205 to 1,120 mm total length in 23 experiments during June 1991–April 1995. Live bait was used to capture 421 snook; 49 were caught with artificial lures. All snook were held in pens (9.1 × 2.4 × 1.2 m) for at least 48 h; 20.4% were held for 96 h (4 d), 30.8% were held for 120 h (5 d), and 3.2% were held for 288 h (12 d). Ten fish, or 2.13%, died within 24 h of capture. Hook location was the only variable that significantly affected release mortality rates (P < 0.0001); snook hooked in the throat or stomach (5.1% of the time) accounted for 40% of the total mortalities. No fish died in two separate control trials that examined the effects of handling, tagging, and holding common snook. These results should encourage resource managers to continue t...
Family communication patterns as mediators of communication competence in the parent—child relationship:

In this study we examined family conversation and conformity orientations as mediators of the association between young adults’ perceptions of their parents’ communication competence and their own self-reported communication competence. Participants included 417 young adult children from the United States. Although measurement invariance was established for both sons and daughters, separate models were tested to account for significant differences in correlations between both groups. For daughters, the association between perceptions of parents’ communication competence and their own competence was fully mediated by conversation orientations. For sons, conversation orientations only partially mediated the effects of parental communication competence. Conformity orientations did not emerge as a significant predictor of young adults’ competence, although perceptions of mothers’ competence were an inverse predictor of family conformity.
Cloning, sequencing and characterization of the alkaline phosphatase gene (phoD) from Zymomonas mobilis

The phoD gene encoding the membrane-bound alkaline phosphatase (ALPI) from Zymomonas mobilis CP4 was cloned and sequenced. Both the translated sequence and the properties of the recombinant enzyme were unusual. Z. mobilis ALPI was monomeric (r 62926) and hydrolysed nucleotides more effectively than sugar phosphates. The translated sequence contained a single hydrophobic segment near the N-terminus which may serve as a membrane-anchor in Z. mobilis, although the recombinant enzyme was recovered in the cytoplasmic fraction of Escherichia coli. The predicted amino acid sequence for ALPI did not align well with other ALPs or other known genes. However, some similarity to E. coli ALP was noted in the metal-binding and phosphate-binding regions. Two other regions were identified with similarity to the active sites of pyruvate kinase and mammalian 5′-nucleotide phosphodiesterase (also membrane-bound), respectively. It is likely that Z. mobilis phoD represents a new class of alkaline phosphatase genes which has not been described previously.
Competencies for Systems-Level Consultants Within Diverse Schools

The authors in this special issue on systems-level consultation provide an excellent range of models for how school psychologists can work as system-level consultants within the various communities they serve. This article (a) provides commentary on the four articles in this special issue focused on systems-level consultation to serve diverse populations in schools, (b) outlines 10 competencies for systems consultants in diverse schools, and (c) suggests directions for future research, theory, and practice in this area. By intersecting the 2010 National Association of School Psychologists (NASP) Practice Model, Blueprint III, and the illustrations in these four articles, 10 competencies for systems-level consultants are articulated. These involve collaborative, recursive, interpersonal processes whereby the systems-level consultant facilitates communication and understanding across different stakeholders, assisting in the joint gathering and interpretation of data. In systems-level consultation, the syste...
Genomic Structure and Expression of the Human Heme A:Farnesyltransferase (COX10) Gene

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A (CMT1A) is associated with a 1.5-Mb tandem DNA duplication in chromosome 17p11.2-p12, while hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies (HNPP) is associated with a 1.5-Mb deletion at this locus. The 1.5-Mb CMT1A monomer unit duplicated in CMT1A and deleted in HNPP is flanked by two 24-kb direct repeats termed the CMT1A-REPs. Recently, sequence analysis of the CMT1A-REPs revealed that they contain an internal exon of the COX10 gene. To characterize COX10, encoding human heme A:farnesyltransferase, the genomic region was isolated and the gene structure and expression profile were determined. COX10 spans approximately 135 kb and consists of seven exons. Exons I-V are telomeric to the 1.5-Mb CMT1A monomer unit, whereas exon VII is located within this 1.5-Mb region. Exon VI is contained within the distal CMT1A-REP. All splice sites conform to the GT/AG rule. Analysis of the putative promoter region of the COX10 gene indicates that it lacks conventional TATA and CAAT boxes, but it does have several potential transcription factor-binding sites. This gene is expressed in multiple tissues with highest expression observed in the heart, skeletal muscle, and testis.
Simulations of a phase comparing neuron of the electric fish Eigenmannia.

1. Investigations of the jamming avoidance response in the weakly electric fish Eigenmannia have shown that the ‘small cell’, an identified cell type in lamina 6 of the torus semicircularis, can distinguish a brief time difference between the phase of externally applied sinusoidally varying electrical fields. Computer simulations were performed to determine what physiological and anatomical features of the small cell could permit this. 2. The small cell shows apparent inhibition despite having no identified inhibitory synaptic input. This effect was produced in the model using voltage-sensitive membrane channels. These permit an initial sub-threshold excitatory post-synaptic potential (EPSP) to increase the threshold to firing, preventing a subsequent EPSP from firing the cell. 3. Noise and conduction failure appeared to improve the range of cell responsivity. The addition of noise permitted a gradual change in cell firing with change in time disparity, allowing the cell to signal more subtle changes in disparity at the expense of decreased selectivity for a specific absolute time disparity. 4. The cell's multiple dendrites permit a 47% reduction in jitter for incoming signals. Other aspects of dendrite organization did not appear to contribute to the cell's precision.
Serine biosynthesis from hydroxypyruvate in plants

Abstract Serine biosynthesis in plant extracts has been shown to occur via a transamination reaction between l -alanine and hydroxypyruvate. l -Alanine is the most active amino group donor of a number of amino acids that have been investigated. Green leaves are the richest source of the alanine : hydroxypyruvate transaminase.
Induced bactericidal response in a sipunculid worm.

THERE is increasing evidence that inducible immunity may be demonstrated in several invertebrate species using appropriate methods. The bactericidal system1,2 seems to occupy an important position in the phylogenetic emergence of inducible immunity. Such responses and others have been reviewed recently2,3.
Thermal behavior of ordered liquid helium-3

Heat capacity and phase-boundary line data on very low-temperature liquid 3He lead one to predict the thermally anomalous higher temperature liquid to become of normal thermal behavior over a limited pressure and temperature range of its ordered B phase. Well below the phase boundary temperatures, this ordered phase may become thermally anomalous again. If confirmed experimentally, this alternation in thermal behavior may point toward the respective dominance of two groups of thermal excitations over the indicated temperature ranges, a situation realized in liquid 4He II.
High-performance polarization-enhanced wavelet filter joint-transform correlation for automated single/multiple target recognition system

An efficient multiple target recognition technique which combines the inherited enhancement of the optical polarization field with the feature enhancement of the wavelet filter is proposed in this paper. The wavelet filter is superimposed on the joint power spectrum before the correlation output is produced. It is shown that the proposed technique yields cumulative target discrimination capabilities for automatic single/multiple target recognition applications.
Free-boundary full-pressure island healing in stellarator equilibria: coil-healing

The lack of axisymmetry in stellarators guarantees that in general magnetic islands and chaotic magnetic field lines will exist. As particle transport is strongly tied to the magnetic field lines, magnetic islands and chaotic field lines result in poor plasma confinement. For stellarators to be feasible candidates for fusion power stations it is essential that, to a good approximation, the magnetic field lines lie on nested flux-surfaces, and the suppression of magnetic islands is a critical issue for stellarator coil design, particularly for small aspect ratio devices. A procedure for modifying stellarator coil designs to eliminate magnetic islands in free-boundary full-pressure magnetohydrodynamic equilibria is presented. Islands may be removed from coil–plasma free-boundary equilibria by making small changes to the coil geometry and also by variation of trim coil currents. A plasma and coil design relevant to the National Compact Stellarator Experiment is used to illustrate the technique.
Hardening by spinodal modulated structure

Abstract The incremental yield stress due to coherency stress in a spinodal modulated structure in f.c.c. alloys has been considered using the dislocation force balance equation. A mixed dislocation lying mainly in the positive regions of the internal stress is considered responsible for macroscopic yielding. The calculated yield stress is proportional to the amplitude of the composition modulation and independent of the wavelength. This calculation is in good agreement with experimental data extracted from the literature within a factor of two.
Some Political Processes of Ranked Societies

This article explores the emergence of inequality in two regions of Mesoamerica: the Soconusco and Valley of Oaxaca. Dichotomous models that propose a continuum of political strategy (i.e., Leach 1954; Renfrew 1974; Spencer 1993; Blanton et al. 1996) are used to examine the different processes evident in the comparison of settlement, mortuary, and architectural data between these two regions. The elite in Early and Middle Formative Soconusco appear to integrate society with a comparatively external oriented and exclusionary strategy whereas in the Valley of Oaxaca Early and Middle Formative elites employed a more group-oriented, internally focused, and corporate strategy. Environment richness and proximity of competing communities may account for the primary, and perhaps unintentional, emergence of inequality in the Soconusco around 1400 B.C.E. In the Valley of Oaxaca inequality emerged as many as 250 years later in a less circumscribed area. Such environmental, political, and chronological factors may be responsible for some of the differences in integrative strategies evident in the two regions.
Wave steered FSMs

In this paper we address the problem of designing very high throughput finite state machines (FSMs). The presence of loops in sequential circuits prevents a straightforward and generalized application of pipelining techniques, which work so well for combinational circuits, to increase FSM performance. We observe that appropriate extensions of the "wave steering" technique are possible to partially overcome the problem. Additionally we use FSM decomposition theory to decouple state variable dependencies. Application of these two techniques to MCNC benchmarks resulted in a factor of 3 average throughput increase as compared to a standard cell implementation, at the expense of factor 3.7 area and less than factor 2 latency penalties.
Rapid Lung Function Decline in Smokers Is a Risk Factor for COPD and Is Attenuated by Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Use

Objective Cigarette smoking is the most important risk factor for COPD in the United States. Host factors that influence the rapid rate of FEV 1 decline in smokers and how decline rate influences risk for developing COPD are unknown. The aim of this study was to characterize the rate of FEV 1 decline in ever smokers, compare the risk of incident COPD between those with rapid decline and others, and determine the effect of selected drugs on rapid decline. Methods A total of 1,170 eligible ever smokers from the longitudinal Lovelace Smokers Cohort with repeat spirometry tests over a minimum follow-up period of 3 years (mean follow-up, 5.9 years) were examined, including 809 ever smokers without a spirometric abnormality at baseline. Longitudinal absolute decline in postbronchodilator FEV 1 from the slope of the spirometric values over all examinations was annualized and classified as rapid (≥ 30 mL/y), normal (0-29.9 mL/y), or no (> 0 mL/y) decline. Logistic regression and Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used for the analysis. Results Approximately 32% of ever smokers exhibited rapid decline. Among ever smokers without a baseline spirometric abnormality, rapid decline was associated with an increased risk for incident COPD (OR, 1.88; P = .003). The use of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors at baseline examination was protective against rapid decline, particularly among those with comorbid cardiovascular disease, hypertension, or diabetes (ORs 0.48, 0.48, and 0.12, respectively; P ≤ .02 for all analyses). Conclusions Ever smokers with a rapid decline in FEV 1 are at higher risk for COPD. Use of ACE inhibitors by smokers may protect against this rapid decline and the progression to COPD.
"When Do You Think the World Will End?": Globalization, Apocalypticism, and the Moral Perils of Fieldwork in "Last New Guinea"

At the heart of this article is the claim that the changes in the world that anthropologists seek to capture with terms like globalization and transnationalism are transforming the ethical situation confronting the fieldworker. As people aspire to increase their participation in the emerging global culture, they will look to the anthropologists who live amongst them, themselves participants in that global culture, to help them achieve this goal. The Urapmin of Papua New Guinea pin their hopes for greater interaction with the global culture on the eschatological promises made by the intensely millenarian brand of Christianity to which they subscribe. Theirs is a globalizing apocalypticism in which heaven is a place where everyone participates fully in what the Urapmin imagine is Western culture. Throughout my time in Urapmin, people sought to compel me to use the knowledge of the timing of the Second Coming they were sure I possessed on the basis of my Western identity, to help them plan for the future. The Urapmin hoped, in short, that I would tell them if Jesus was about to return. This article describes this situation and discusses the various ways in which I tried to respond in an ethical fashion to the Urapmin's claims that it was my responsibility to use my knowledge of global culture to help them prepare for their millennial destiny.
Local alternated temperature gradients as footprints of cortical functional activation

Abstract Heat liberation in the brain was utilized as a direct signature of functional activation. We hypothesize that both temporal and spatial uncoupling between local cerebral blood flow (lCBF) and metabolic temperature components can be explored through the imaging of brain thermal gradients evoked by functional stimulation. Surface cortical infrared (IR) images were obtained from 34 patients undergoing surgery for brain lesions under baseline conditions following peripheral nerve stimulation and, in some patients, during active behavioral tasks such as finger apposition and repetitive hand movements. An IR camera (0.02 °C sensitivity, 3–5 μm wavelength) was used to image local thermal gradients across the cerebral cortex by passively detecting IR emission. Neural activation elicited reproducible temperature changes (0.04–0.09 °C) within the primary somatosensory cortex during median nerve stimulation and in the sensorimotor cortex during repetitive hand movements and finger tapping. The initial temperature responses were detected as early as 100–200 ms, the peak IR response occurred 5–7 s after stimulus onset. Models of the relationship between evoked thermal gradients, lCBF and metabolic heat are proposed. Since the latencies of local metabolic and lCBF responses to stimulation vary by more than an order of magnitude, we are able to separate vascular-dependent and metabolic-dependent temperature components and thus create two discrete brain images, each reflecting distinct physiological mechanisms of functional activation. The resultant temperature profile reflects the balance between metabolism and lCBF, and therefore the degree of their functional uncoupling for the exposed and (possibly) for the intact normal human brain.
Loss of TGF-β1 Leads to Increased Neuronal Cell Death and Microgliosis in Mouse Brain

TGF-beta1 is a key regulator of diverse biological processes in many tissues and cell types, but its exact function in the developing and adult mammalian CNS is still unknown. We report that lack of TGF-beta1 expression in neonatal Tgfb1(-/-) mice results in a widespread increase in degenerating neurons accompanied by reduced expression of synaptophysin and laminin and a prominent microgliosis. Lack of TGF-beta1 also strongly reduces survival of primary neurons cultured from Tgfb1(-/-) mice. TGF-beta1 deficiency in adult Tgfb1(-/+) mice results in increased neuronal susceptibility to excitotoxic injury, whereas astroglial overexpression of TGF-beta1 protects adult mice against neurodegeneration in acute, excitotoxic and chronic injury paradigms. This study reveals a nonredundant function for TGF-beta1 in maintaining neuronal integrity and survival of CNS neurons and in regulating microglial activation. Because individual TGF-beta1 expression levels in the brain vary considerably between humans, this finding could have important implications for susceptibility to neurodegeneration.
The temporal and spatial development of CRF binding sites in the postnatal mouse cerebellum

This study describes the distribution and relative level of labeling of binding sites for corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF) in the postnatal mouse cerebellum. At birth low levels of labeling are present throughout the cerebellum. However, this labeling is most densely distributed in the caudal and lateral aspects of the cerebellum. By P3 CRF binding sites are present throughout the cerebellum, although the greatest level of labeling is in the posterior lobe of the vermis, especially lobules IX and X; this correlates with the early differential pattern of CRF distribution in cerebellar afferents within these same lobules. At P10, the adult pattern of distribution and level of labeling begins to emerge. The presence of CRF and CRF binding sites at birth, and during postnatal growth, suggests that this peptide could play a role in the regulation of developmental events within the cerebellum.
Paradoxical Hypertension With Cardiac Tamponade

Subacute (medical) tamponade develops over a period of days or even weeks. Previous studies have shown that subacute tamponade is uncommonly associated with hypotension. On the contrary, many of those patients are indeed hypertensive at initial presentation. We sought to determine the prevalence and predictors of hypertensive cardiac tamponade and hemodynamic response to pericardial effusion drainage. We conducted a retrospective study of patients who underwent pericardial effusion drainage for subacute pericardial tamponade. Diagnosis of pericardial tamponade was established by the treating physician based on clinical data and supportive echocardiographic findings. Patients were defined as hypertensive if initial systolic blood pressure (BP) was ≥140 mm Hg. Thirty patients with subacute tamponade who underwent pericardial effusion drainage were included in the analysis. Eight patients (27%) were hypertensive with a mean systolic BP of 167 compared to 116 mm Hg in 22 nonhypertensive patients. Hypertensive patients with tamponade were more likely to have advanced renal disease (63% vs 14%, p <0.05) and pre-existing hypertension (88% vs 46, p <0.05) and less likely to have systemic malignancy (0 vs 41%, p <0.05). Systolic BP decreased significantly in patients with hypertensive tamponade after pericardial effusion drainage. Those results are consistent with previous studies with an estimated prevalence of hypertensive tamponade from 27% to 43%. In conclusion, a hypertensive response was observed in approximately 1/3 of patients with subacute pericardial tamponade. Relief of cardiac tamponade commonly resulted in a decrease in BP.
Effects of Dress on Self-Presentation

It was hypothesized that because of greater self-confidence well-dressed Ss would present themselves more positively than poorly dressed Ss. Data confirm that well-dressed Ss did present themselves...
A single, abbreviated RPGR-ORF15 variant reconstitutes RPGR function in vivo.

Purpose The retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator (RPGR) is essential for the maintenance of photoreceptor viability. RPGR is expressed as constitutive and ORF15 variants because of alternative splicing. This study was designed to examine whether the retina-specific ORF15 variant alone could substantially substitute for RPGR function. A further objective was to test whether the highly repetitive purine-rich region of ORF15 could be abbreviated without ablating the function, so as to accommodate RPGR replacement genes in adenoassociated virus (AAV) vectors. Methods A cDNA representing RPGR-ORF15 but shortened by 654 bp in the repetitive region was placed under the control of a chicken beta-actin (CBA) hybrid promoter. The resultant construct was transfected into mouse embryonic stem cells. Clones expressing the transgene were selected and injected into mouse blastocysts. Transgenic chimeras were crossed with RPGR knockout (KO) mice. Mice expressing the transgene but null for endogenous RPGR (Tg/KO) were studied from 1 month to 18 months of age by light and electron microscopy, immunofluorescence, and electroretinography (ERG). The results were compared with those of wild-type (WT) and RPGR-null control mice. Results Transgenic RPGR-ORF15 was found in the connecting cilia of rod and cone photoreceptors, at approximately 20% of the WT level. Photoreceptor morphology, cone opsin localization, expression of GFAP (a marker for retinal degeneration) and ERGs were consistent with the transgene exerting substantial rescue of retinal degeneration due to loss of endogenous RPGR. Conclusions RPGR-ORF15 is the functionally significant variant in photoreceptors. The length of its repetitive region can be reduced while preserving its function. The current findings should facilitate the design of gene replacement therapy for RPGR-null mutations.
The effect of data center temperature on energy efficiency

Server's capabilities are increasing at or beyond the rate of performance improvement gains predicted by Moore's Law for the silicon itself. The challenge for the information technology (IT) owner is housing and operating all of this computational power in the data center. With more computational power in each unit volume, the industry is experiencing a significant increase in power density and hence a greater cooling challenge. The ability to now tackle computational tasks that were previously unattainable has driven energy costs to new levels. Methods to reduce the energy used in cooling these machines are being studied throughout the industry. One of the areas being considered is increasing the data center server ambient inlet temperature. ASHRAE [1] suggests a recommended limit of 20 - 25degC for the most advanced Data Centers. There is a belief that operating at the high end of this range or above it will reduce the total power use in the data center by making the cooling system more efficient. A thermodynamic analysis clearly indicates that increasing the temperature of the high temperature heat source, while holding the lower temperature heat sink constant, will give an efficiency gain to the heat removal from the system. Unfortunately the simple model does not capture all of the components of the overall system and may lead to an erroneous conclusion. In fact, increasing the ambient temperature can lead to an increase in power usage of some components and systems in the data center as temperature goes up. The overall room energy use may only go down marginally or may even go up at warmer temperatures. In this paper we examine the complete energy picture from the utility connection to the rejection of heat from the facility to the outdoor environment and look at the impact an increased ambient temperature will have on each component in that chain. This analysis indicates that there is an optimum temperature for data center operation that will depend on each data center's individual characteristics, include IT equipment, cooling system architecture, data center location (e.g. outside ambient conditions), as well as other factors. Additional impacts of an increasing ambient inlet temperature, such as reliability issues and operational complexity are also discussed. It is concluded that simply raising the ambient temperature in the data center may not have the desired effect of energy use reduction.
Do people die from income inequality of a decade ago

Abstract The long-term impact of income inequality on health has not been fully explored in the current literature. Until now, 4 studies have examined the lagged effect on population/group mortality rate at the aggregate level, and 7 studies have investigated the effect of income inequality on subsequent individual mortality risk within a restricted time period. These 11 studies suffer from the same limitation: they do not simultaneously control for a series of preceding income inequalities. The results of these studies are also mixed. Using the U.S. National Health Interview Survey data 1986–2004 with mortality follow-up data 1986–2006 ( n = 701,179), this study investigates the lagged effects of national-level income inequality on individual mortality risk. These effects are tested by using a discrete-time hazard model where contemporaneous and preceding income inequalities are treated as time-varying person-specific covariates, which then track a series of income inequalities that a respondent faces from the survey year until s/he dies or is censored. Findings suggest that income inequality did not have an instantaneous detrimental effect on individual mortality risk, but began exerting its influence 5 years later. This effect peaked at 7 years, and then diminished after 12 years. This pattern generally held for three measures of income inequality: the Gini coefficient, the Atkinson index, and the Theil entropy index. The findings suggest that income inequality has a long-term detrimental impact on individual mortality risk. This study also explains discrepancies in the existant literature.
Thermoremanent magnetization as a probe of the field-quenched states in spin glasses.

The aging process for spin glasses has been characterized by barrier hopping between states of similar magnetization, with the maximum barrier height surmounted proportional to the logarithm of the waiting time ${\mathit{t}}_{\mathit{w}}$. We investigate the microscopic nature of the decay of the irreversible component of the magnetization upon a change in magnetic field. In particular, we examine transitions between states with magnetizations associated with the initial and final values of the magnetic field, and their related barrier heights. We employ a field cycling protocol during the waiting time to determine which states (barriers) are occupied upon a change of magnetic field. We find that the rapid component of magnetization change is associated with transitions between states of low barrier heights (we surmise of energy less than the change in overall Zeeman energy), and the slow component of magnetization change [decay of the thermoremanent magnetization (TRM)] is associated with diffusion from states at larger barrier heights to the ``sink'' associated with the (rapid) small barrier height transitions. The transitions between states of differing magnetization are limited to transitions between states of similar (small) barrier heights. We believe these observations account for the microscopics of spin-glass dynamics during the time decay of the TRM.
The Morgan Recharger: A New Horn Fly (Diptera: Muscidae). Control Device for Beef Cattle

A 20% diazinon formulation was evaluated for control efficacy against the horn fly, Haematobia irritans (L.), in the Morgan Recharger (Morgan International Products, College Grove, Tenn.). The Morgan Recharger releases insecticide with a wicking system from an insecticide reservoir and can be attached to an animal's ear or tail. This device was most effective against the horn fly when used as an ear tag with two per head; horn fly counts did not exceed five flies per side through 8 wk. The diazinon formulation tested was released from the Morgan Recharger at a decreasing rate. The problems and potential of the Morgan Recharger as an effective horn fly control device are discussed.
Sensitivity analysis framework for large-scale system-of-systems applications

Sensitivity analysis (SA) is studying the impact input changes (nature and magnitude) have on outputs. The objective of this paper is to present a methodology to perform sensitivity analysis on a system dynamics simulation model that was developed in support of the Secure Border Initiative (SBI). Specifically the analysis will investigate Section 287(g) of The Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act (1996). Due to the fact that the systems dynamics model used is a deterministic model, there was a need to induce variability using random sampling. The variability was propagated through the outputs and allowed the researchers to identify not only point estimates of what increases are required to bring the 287(g) policy to baseline values, but also calculate confidence bands. Implementing the 287(g) policy with no other system adjustments has a detrimental impact on performance in terms of fugitives and non-criminal removals.
The safety of carotid endarterectomy in diabetic patients: clinical predictors of adverse outcome.

Objectives Patients with diabetes mellitus have been shown to have an increased incidence of complications after elective major vascular surgery. The objective of this study was to evaluate a large series of diabetic patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy (CEA) to determine if outcome differed from nondiabetic patients and to examine predisposing factors of poor outcome among diabetic patients. Methods A retrospective review of a prospectively compiled database was performed. From 1992 through 2000, 2151 CEAs were performed at our institution. Of these, 507 were in diabetic patients (23.6%), and the remaining 1644 procedures were in nondiabetic patients (76.4%). Results Diabetic patients were significantly more likely than nondiabetic patients to have hypertension (70.8% vs 64.5%, P = .01) and cardiac disease (54.6% vs 49.1%, P = .03). They were more likely than nondiabetic patients to be symptomatic before surgery (52.5% vs 47.1%, P = .04) and to have sustained a preoperative stroke (21.3% vs 17.7%, P = .07). No differences were noted in other recorded demographic factors or in intraoperative factors between diabetic and nondiabetic patients. Despite these differences, diabetic patients had similar perioperative outcomes compared with nondiabetic patients, including perioperative myocardial infarction (0.6% vs 0.4%, P = NS), perioperative death (0.8% vs 0.5%, P = NS), and perioperative neurologic events such as transient ischemic attack and stroke (3.2% vs 2.4%, P = NS). Among diabetic patients alone, cigarette smoking, general anesthesia, the use of a shunt, and the lack of clamp tolerance while under regional anesthesia predicted adverse perioperative neurologic outcome, and contralateral occlusion was associated with increased perioperative mortality. Conclusions Despite an increased prevalence of cardiac disease and preoperative neurologic symptoms among diabetic patients undergoing CEA, the rates of perioperative cardiac morbidity, mortality, and stroke were equal to nondiabetic patients. In contrast to nondiabetic patients, current cigarette smoking appeared to predict increased adverse neurologic outcomes among diabetic patients, and the presence of contralateral occlusion among diabetic patients appeared to predispose them towards increased perioperative mortality. The use of a general anesthetic appeared to increased perioperative neurologic risk among diabetic patients; however, this may be related to surgeon bias in the selection of anesthetic technique. Although diabetic patients may have an increase in complications after other major vascular surgical procedures, the presence of diabetes mellitus does not appear to significantly increase risk.
The Use of Discriminant Analysis to Select Content-Bearing Words

This article presents a method for identifying good indexing terms from frequently occurring stems. The method uses discriminant analysis to distinguish terms that refer to topics from general terms that do not refer to topics. The steps in the method are the selection of discriminating variables, the calibration of predefined groups and the derivation of discriminant functions from them, and the classification of a second, unknown set of terms and its evaluation. The method is tested by applying it to the Harris Survey Question database, which covers 121 different surveys and includes the text of over 12, 000 Individual questions. The evaluation demonstrates the success of the method.
Designing high-performance digital circuits using wave pipelining: algorithms and practical experiences

Algorithms to automatically realize delays in combinational logic circuits to achieve wave pipelining are presented. The algorithms adjust gate speeds and insert a minimal number of active delay elements to balance input-output path lengths in a circuit. For both normal and wave-pipelined circuits, the algorithms also optimally minimize power under delay constraints. The authors analyze the algorithms and comment on their implementation. They report experimental results, including the design and testing of a 63-bit population counter in CML bipolar technology. A brief analysis of circuit technologies shows that CML and super-buffered ECL without stacked structures are well suited for wave pipelining because they have uniform delay. Static CMOS and ordinary ECL including stacked structures and emitter-followers do have some delay variations. A high degree of wave pipelining is still possible in those technologies if special design techniques are followed. >
EFFECTS OF MIXTURE INHOMOGENEITY ON THE AUTO-IGNITION OF REACTANTS UNDER HCCI ENVIRONMENT

As an attempt at providing insight to develop better modeling strategies for HCCI engines, the ignition and propagation of a reaction front in a premixed fuel/air stream mixed with hotter exhaust gases is computationally investigated using the opposed-flow configuration. The effects of heat and radical transport are studied by imposing various mixing rates on the system. The results show that the scalar dissipation rate and mixture inhomogeneities have a significant effect on auto-ignition of the local mixture. Two different modes of front propagation are identified; the spontaneous propagation mode and the diffusion controlled mode. In the former case, mixing slows down ignition due to loss of radicals from the ignition kernel, while in the latter the transport of radicals and heat is mainly responsible for propagation of the front. A criterion to distinguish the two ignition modes is suggested based on the characteristic time scales of the auto-ignition and diffusion. The results show that lower mixing rate and higher pressure in general favors ignition in the spontaneous propagation mode. A parametric mapping of the ignition delay as a function of the mixture fraction and scalar dissipation rate suggests a simplified modeling strategy in multi-dimensional simulation of HCCI engines.