cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Insight into the Burden of Opioids on Stroke Patient Outcomes in the United States (P1.123)

Objective: To evaluate hospitalizations of stroke patients with and without opioid abuse/dependence to determine hospital outcomes. Background: Stroke is one of the leading causes of significant long-term disability in the United States. Opioid abuse/dependence has emerged to be on the rising trend. Opioid abuse/dependence was analyzed in patients admitted to hospitals for stroke to determine if the abuse/dependence is associated with worse in-hospital outcomes measured by a prolonged hospital stay, higher hospital cost, and being discharged to a long-term care facility. Design/Methods: We extracted primary diagnosis of ischemic stroke for hospitalization using the International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision (ICD-9) codes from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database of 2014. We searched for opioid abuse/dependence as an additional diagnosis using ICD-9 codes. We used both multiple linear regression and logistic regression for complex design to examine the association between opioid use and outcomes including discharge to a long-term facility, length of stay (LOS), and total cost of charges (TCOC) while controlling for sociodemographic and clinical variables including gender, age, race, insurance, diabetes, hypertension, and perivascular diseases. Results: The number of admissions of stroke patients was 121,615 in 2014, with 369 having opioid abuse/dependence. The weighted mean of the LOS in patients with stroke and opioid abuse/dependence was found to be 0.326 day longer (p = 0.069) than those without opioid abuse/dependence. The weighted mean of TCOC for patients having opioid abuse/dependence vs. without was $8,170 (p Conclusions: The LOS in stroke patients with vs. without opioid abuse/dependence is approximately 8 hours longer. The approximate TCOC in stroke patients with vs. without opioid abuse/dependence is over $8,000. Limitations of this study include lack of complete documentation of ICD-9 codes in the NIS. Disclosure: Dr. Parand has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ikram has nothing to disclose. Dr. Zulfiqar has nothing to disclose. Dr. Qeadan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Owens has nothing to disclose. Dr. Zafar has nothing to disclose.
Social Network Overview

Online social networks (OSNs) denote the online platforms that are used by people to build social connections with the other people, who may share similar personal or career interests, backgrounds, or real-life connections. Online social networking sites vary a lot and there exist a large number of online social sites of different categories, including online sharing sites, online publishing sites, online networking sites, online messaging sites, and online collaborating sites. Each category of these online social networks can provide specific featured services for the customers. For instance, Facebook allows users to socialize with each other via making friends, posting text, sharing photos and videos; Twitter focuses on providing micro-blogging services for users to write/read the latest news and messages; Foursquare is a location-based social network offering location-oriented services; and Instagram is a photo and video sharing social site among friends or to the public.
Neural and Molecular Mechanisms of Short — and Long—Term Sensitization in Aplysia

A fundamental problem in neurobiology is to understand the basic processes that endow the nervous system with the ability to store and retrieve long-term memory. A related problem is to understand the relationship between the mechanisms for the induction, storage and retrieval of short-term memory and those for long-term memory. While behavioral studies of vertebrates indicate that short-term memory and long-term memory are distinct entities (Davis and Squire, 1984), there must be some mechanistic link between the two types, since short-term memories can be consolidated into long-term ones.
Identifying the Minimum Volume Threshold for Retroperitoneal Soft Tissue Sarcoma Resection: Merging National Data with Consensus Expert Opinion

Background The complexity of retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcoma (RPS) surgery has prompted international recommendations to regionalize it to high-volume hospitals (HVHs). A minimum procedural volume threshold for RPS is not yet defined, hampering effective referral and regionalization in the US. This multihospital study sought to establish an HVH threshold informed by national data and international expert opinion. Study Design The 2004–2015 National Cancer Database identified 8,721 surgically treated RPS patients. Multivariable models, using linear splines, identified annual volume thresholds predictive of overall and 90-day mortality. Transatlantic Australasian Retroperitoneal Soft Tissue Sarcoma Working Group members (n = 48) completed a 15-item survey regarding these data. Results Overall mortality risk was reduced by 4% per additional case (hazard ratio [HR] 0.96, 95% CI 0.95 to 0.98) up to a threshold of 13 cases/year; no further reduction was observed over 13 (HR 0.99, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.01). After revealing the results from our statistical analysis, 71.4% of respondents who initially chose >30 cases/year as a cutoff shifted their response to a lower value. More than 56% cited 11 to 20 procedures/year as the cutoff for an HVH. Median survival in hospitals with 13 cases/year was 94 vs 139 months, respectively (p Conclusions This is the first multicenter analysis to merge data-driven RPS surgery volume thresholds to clinically meaningful sarcoma expert opinions. These findings will help inform national/international consensus recommendations, a practical volume threshold, trial design, and motivate evidence-based hospital referral.
Molecular and cellular physiology of organic cation transporter 2

Organic cation transporters play a critical role in mediating the distribution of cationic pharmaceuticals. Indeed, organic cation transporter (OCT)2 is the initial step in the renal secretion of o...
Corotation of ring current auroral spots at sub-auroral latitudes

Abstract We report observations of auroral spots s at sub-auroral latitudes. The auroral spots occurred during storm-recovery phases and corotated with the Earth at a speed either higher (super-rotation) or lower (sub-rotation) than the Earth's rotation rate. In the dawn side, the spots have a slightly higher probability of super-rotation than that of the duskside auroral spots. The super- and sub-rotation is likely due to dynamics of the plasmasphere that is controlled by both drag (sub-rotation) and solar wind driven plasma convection.
Human Capital and Market Commodities: Higher Education’s Role in the Twenty-First Century

In the twenty-first century, access and equity are key points of discussion at the national, state, and institutional levels. Legislation has evolved and implementation has forced some adaptations. Although there are positive trends in the first decades of the new century, marginalized and underrepresented populations are still not able to access higher education as a means to pursue the American dream. Rather, more potential students face economic barriers to attendance, and those who do attend and complete a degree are still relegated to a status based on what population they represent and the economic potential of their selected degree level and area of knowledge. This is a challenge for each institution type and one they must address in a difficult and evolving context.
Investigation of physicochemical, nutritional, and sensory qualities of muffins incorporated with dried brewer's spent grain flours as a source of dietary fiber and protein

Brewers' spent grain (BSG) is the major byproduct of brewing beer, rich in protein and dietary fiber. This study investigated the effect of two drying methods (impingement and hot-air drying) on chemical composition, physicochemical properties, and bioactive compounds of BSGs from three different brewers (BSG1, BSG2, and BSG3), and then evaluated the quality and consumer acceptance of BSG flour fortified muffins. Results showed that impingement drying led to significantly lower moisture content (MC, 1.33-1.87 g/100g) and water activity (aw , 0.04-0.07) of BSGs than hot-air drying (5.44 to 5.57 g/100 g and 0.19 to 0.20, respectively). Among different dried BSGs, impingement dried BSG3 achieved the highest protein (18.03 g/100 g dry matter [DM]), total phenolic content (TPC, 2.21 mg GAE/g DM), radical scavenging activity (RSA, 1.58 mg AAE/g DM), and total flavonoid content (TFC, 0.68 mg QE/g DM), and retained lighter color (L*, 54.68) and higher total dietary fiber (TDF, 42.40 g/100 g DM), which was selected for making BSG-fortified muffins. BSG3 was substituted 1:1 as white: whole wheat flour at three concentrations (10, 15, and 20 g/100 g flour mix) for muffins (BSG10, BSG15, and BSG20, respectively). BSG15 provided higher protein (13.11 g/100 g DM), TDF (16.88 g/100 g DM), and higher bioactive compounds compared to control and retained brighter color of muffin compared to BSG20, showing no difference in firmness and overall liking compared to the control muffin. This study demonstrated that impingement dried BSG could be utilized as a functional ingredient in muffins to add value to the food chain providing nutritional and environmental benefits. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This study reported the benefit of impingement drying method for the retention of physicochemical quality and bioactive compounds of brewer's spent grains (BSG) produced from three different brewers in comparison with hot-air drying. The study also reported that muffins fortified with BSG flours (15% replacement of wheat flour) yielded a 23% increase in total dietary fiber and 13% increase in protein without affecting consumer acceptance of the products. This information is essential for developing value-added applications of BSG, a byproduct from brewing industry, as a functional ingredient to make nutritive baking goods, such as muffins, for promoting human health.
Learned helplessness and mental health issues related to distance learning due to COVID-19

When the COVID-19 pandemic struck in March 2020, universities worldwide were forced to suddenly move all in-person students online. In isolation and away from their regular structures and coping mechanisms, students were forced to rely on online learning technology (OLT) as a full replacement for in-person learning. We hypothesize that students in this circumstance will experience feelings of learned helplessness regarding OLT and suffer from overall poorer mental health. We present a mixed-methods study to investigate these phenomena during the Spring 2020 semester among a diverse group of students. We explore multiple factors that contributed to these phenomena, such as motivation, growing exhaustion with online learning, and feelings of connectedness that were lost and cannot be recreated via online meeting software.
Effect of metal nitrate on mechanochemical nitration of toluene

Mechanochemical nitration of toluene was explored using a planetary mill and MoO3 as catalyst. Different inorganic nitrate salts were used as the nitronium source. Nitration was carried out by initially milling the nitrate salt and the catalyst, and then adding toluene. The amount of nitrate salt used was systematically varied, while the amounts of both the catalyst and toluene were held constant. For most nitrates the greatest yield of mononitrotoluene was observed for conditions where the molar reactant ratio of NO3− to toluene was near 4. Lower yields were observed with either less or more of the nitrate, consistent with limitation by the reactant on one hand, and obscuration of suitable catalytic sites on the other. The observed ratios of para- to ortho-mononitrotoluene were above one, consistently with a mechanism involving nitronium ions positioned at the catalyst surface reacting with toluene directly. Different nitrates resulted in varying mononitrotoluene yields, with copper nitrate showing the highest, and potassium nitrate the lowest yield, respectively. The observed yields were found to correlate with the enthalpy of the bulk reaction forming mononitrotoluene and the hydroxide of the cation of the respective nitrate used.
Apéry Limits: Experiments and Proofs

An important component of Apery’s proof that ζ(3) is irrational involves representing ζ(3) as the limit of the quotient of two rational solutions to a three-term recurrence. We present various appr...
Development of an Integrated Approach to Virtual Mind-Mapping: Methodology and Applied Experiences to Enhance Qualitative Health Research.

There is a growing need to better capture comprehensive, nuanced, and multi-faceted qualitative data while also better engaging with participants in data collection, especially in virtual environme...
Civil War in Europe, 1905-1949

1. Introduction: revolution and civil war as forms of conflict Part I. World War I and an Era of Internal Conflict: 2. World war, revolution, civil war, 1905-18 3. The Russian Civil War, 1917-22 4. The political and social crisis in Europe, 1918-23 5. Civil strife and dictatorship, 1930-5 Part II. The Conflict in Spain, 1931-9: 6. The revolutionary process in Spain 7. Revolution and civil war, 1936-9 8. Significance and consequences Part III. Civil War and Internal Violence in the Era of World War II: 9. The multiple wars of Europe, 1939-45 10. The civil wars in Yugoslavia and Greece 11. Conclusion.
Longitudinal differences in sleep duration in Hispanic and Caucasian children

Abstract Background and aim Short sleep duration is associated with significant negative consequences, including poor school performance, behavioral problems, obesity, and hypertension. There is prior evidence that there are disparities in sleep duration related to ethnicity; however, there are no specific data on Hispanic children. We aimed to test the hypothesis that there are ethnic differences in parent-reported sleep duration in a community-based cohort of Hispanic and Caucasian children. Methods We examined the parent-reported sleep patterns of a community-based prospective cohort (Tucson Children's Assessment of Sleep Apnea study [TuCASA]) involving 338 Hispanic and Caucasian children at two time points approximately five years apart. Results In the initial phase of the TuCASA study with a cohort median age of 8.8 years (interquartile range (IQR), 7.6–10.1 years), parent-reported sleep duration during weekdays was shorter in Hispanic (median, 9.5 h; IQR, 9.0, 10.0 years) than in Caucasian children (10 h; IQR, 9.5, 10.0 h; p p = 0.43). In addition, Hispanic children had a significantly later bedtime at both time points ( p p = 0.06). Conclusions Short sleep duration in Hispanic children may contribute to health disparities. Our research suggests that in Hispanic children, behavioral interventions toward improving sleep duration accomplished by earlier bedtimes or delayed school start times and mechanistic studies to unravel any inherent tendency toward a delayed sleep phase are needed.
Accentuate the Positive: Dissimilatory Iron Reduction by Gram-Positive Bacteria

This chapter presents an overview of gram-positive dissimilatory Fe(III)-reducing bacteria (DIRB), with a focus toward obligate dissimilatory bacteria. To complement the phylogeny, the physiology of obligate gram-positive DIRB is characterized, including the physical properties of the habitat, mineral forms of iron reduced, and alternative metal and nonmetal electron acceptors utilized. The chapter summarizes current results and putative models for extracellular electron transfer by gram-positive bacteria. To support hypotheses for gram-positive extracellular electron transfer at the molecular level, this chapter incorporates both physiological and genomic information on several gram-positive DIRB. Researchers use a variety of experimental approaches to define extracellular electron transfer mechanisms in DIRB. While some hyperthermophilic DIRB have been demonstrated to show an obligate utilization of Fe(III) as an electron acceptor, gram-positive DIRB are biochemically unconstrained with organisms capable of growth across a wide range of environmental conditions and capable of utilization of multiple terminal electron acceptors in addition to Fe(III) reduction. Future research is directed to understanding how c-type cytochromes are integrated into the physiology and ecology of gram-positive DIRB. To understand this process at a molecular level, continued mechanistic studies using phylogenetically distinct gram-positive DIRB are required. In addition, further characterization of obligatory DIRB is also required to expand the known phylogenetic, ecological, and physiological understanding of these organisms and their relationship to environmental processes.
Learning State An XML based course editor for online instruction

Learning State is a lesson editor that creates a control file in XML so that a designer can not only sequence lesson content but also determine how a student should engage the content. Further because of its inherent structure of XML, lesson content will be open and easily modifiable. Learning State is designed to integrate three separate parts: content, state sequence and the delivery model. We used XML to model the content by creating a DTD that orders the content to a specific type of delivery model. For example in factual information we used a linear-temporal model whereas for the concept attainment model we modeled the various examples and non-examples of specific attributes. Problem Courseware is different from other types of applications. It not only has to work flawlessly but also has to orchestrate the correct instructional delivery strategies. Originally, the delivery model was limited to direct instruction so that most courseware was nothing more than electronic workbooks or at best simple tutorials. As hardware improved, programming environments evolved so that delivery models were integrated with authoring environments. Even though these development systems revolutionized the way we create courseware there was tradeoff. The developer must Obuy intoO the underlying delivery model. The developer had either tailor the intended outcome to the available technology or create proprietary solutions built from a higher level language. Either solution made the instructional content difficult to modify increasing development and delivery costs. The solution lies in creating an open development system that will be responsive but easy to use. LearningState LearningState is built around the Extensible Markup Language (XML) and Java 1.2 making it flexible and easy to use. We used XML to model the content by creating a DTD that orders the content to a specific type of delivery model. For example in factual information we used a linear-temporal model. Further, by using the discrete state model (Ahern 1999) we can create an appropriate sequence of sub-goals based on individual student states. LearningState allows the designer to add, edit or delete state-nodes using a tree model. A popup window appears to create or edit a state description.(see Figure 1)
Genetic mapping in Escherichia coli K-12 by radiation-induced crossing-over.

Conventional methods for chromosomal mapping in Escherichia coli are (i) interruption of matings to obtain minimum marker entry times, (ii) linkage analysis of recombinants, and (iii) cotransduction. Method (i) has a resolution of about 0.5 min (5 × 104 nucleotides) and is not useful for distances less than about 1 min; methods (ii) and (iii) are capable of better resolution but are generally not very reproducible and no general theory is available for translating crossing-over and cotransduction frequencies into physical chromosomal distances. We found that when merozygotes are irradiated (X rays or ultraviolet light) soon after marker transfer, high linkage values (0.8 to 1.0) between nearby marker pairs decrease with radiation dose to 0.5. Our results are quantitatively consistent with the idea that radiations induce crossing-over lesions proportional to dose, and the number of such lesions between two markers is proportional to the physical separation of the markers in the range that can also be measured by interruption of mating (0.5 to 4.0 min). Additivity relations among markers are also satisfied. We used this technique to measure the distances (0.1 to 1.0 min) between several pairs of closely linked markers.
Repair of vaginal prolapse after hysterectomy

Forty-one women with primary or recurrent prolapse of the vagina following either vaginal or abdominal hysterectomy were treated with a vaginal operation. The retroperitoneal approach of utilization of the perirectal fascia to support the vault of the vagina is described and illustrated. This technique may also be used in selected patients to prevent this complication after vaginal hysterectomy and repair.
An Investigation of Teachers’ Shared Interpretations of Their Roles in Supporting and Enhancing Group Functioning

This study investigates the work done by two teams of elementary teachers as they designed teacher level classroom tools to help them support and enhance their students working in groups solving model eliciting activities (Lesh et al., Handbook of research design in mathematics and science education, pp. 591–645, 2000). The goal of this study was to investigate two different teams of teachers’ shared interpretation of the teacher’s role in supporting and enhancing students’ functioning well in groups. These interpretations are described as they are expressed in the form of two tools designed for optimizing those roles, a group observation tool, and a teacher self-coaching tool. The results of the study include: (1) the tested and refined tools that the teams produced which expressed their ways of thinking, and (2) the shared interpretations of the teams and the researcher of the themes and trends of thinking across the development of those tools.
First contact: the intersection of demographics, knowledge, and appraisal of treatment at the initial infertility visit.

Objective To determine the impact of the initial infertility visit on treatment-related knowledge, patient anxiety, and appraisals of treatment. Design Prospective survey. Setting Academic medical center. Patient(s) Two hundred thirty-four English-speaking women aged 18–50 years attending their first infertility visit. Intervention(s) Participants completed a survey assessing health literacy, knowledge, anxiety, and appraisals of the treatment process before and after their infertility visit. Main Outcome Measure(s) Knowledge of infertility and treatment and anxiety and appraisal scores. Result(s) Most participants were white and earned >$100,000/year and had at least a college education. Baseline knowledge of reproductive anatomy, assisted reproductive technology (ART), and fertility factors was modest but improved after the initial visit. Factors associated with higher knowledge included higher education and income, white or Asian ethnicity, and English as a primary language. Patient appraisals of treatment represented by the positive (Challenge) and negative (Threat and Loss) subscale scores on the Appraisal of Life Events (ALE) scale changed over time Negative appraisals of treatment and anxiety scores decreased and positive appraisals of treatment increased after the initial visit. Lower knowledge was associated with higher positive appraisal scores; lower health literacy was associated with higher anxiety and appraisal scores (positive and negative) after the visit. Black women had higher Challenge scores compared with white and Asian women. Hispanic women had higher anxiety scores than non-Hispanic women. Conclusion(s) Infertility patients have modest baseline knowledge of fertility and infertility treatment. The initial infertility visit can improve this knowledge and decrease both negative appraisals of treatment and anxiety levels. Differences in knowledge and appraisal were seen across ethnic groups and other demographic variables. Physicians should individualize patient counseling to improve patients' knowledge and provide realistic treatment expectations while also reducing patient anxiety.
Dissociative Attachment in CH3Cl and C2H5Cl: Experiment and Theory

Dissociative attachment (DA) to chlorine-containing molecules is of special importance in many applications, particularly in excimer lasers, plasma etching and optically controlled diffuse discharge switches. A description of the DA process in low-energy electron-molecule collisions is still a big challenge to the theory. Completely ab initio calculations have been performed for very few species. In fact, only the hydrogen molecule has been studied well enough to claim that all features of the inelastic processes have been fully understood theoretically. It is clear that at the present moment we can achieve some understanding of electron scattering from more complicated molecules only by combining experimental data with an appropriate theoretical analysis.
Blue copper-binding domains

Publisher Summary This chapter introduces the blue copper-binding (BCB) domain-containing proteins based on the analysis of the genomic and expressed sequence tag (EST) sequence data, and presents the classification system. This classification is based on their ability to bind copper and the specific features of their domain organization. Members of the first three classes harbor single or multiple type 1, blue copper-binding sites, while members of the fourth class do not appear to bind copper. Some analysis of codon usage for conserved amino acids involved in copper binding will be used to trace the evolutionary history of the blue copper-binding (BCB) domains within a single genorne. The chapter also discusses the structural and physical characteristics of each kind of blue copper-binding (BCB) domain protein. The large number of blue copper-binding (BCB) domain proteins in plants may be explained by the phenomenon of genome duplication, believed to occur widely in the plant kingdom, as well as by different lateral gene transfers The blue copper-binding (BCB) domain-containing proteins evolved by gene duplication and fusion with other structural modules, resulting in diverse subcellular localization and the ability to carry out complex reactions that often differ from that of the ancestral protein. They are also modified by extensive amino acid substitutions and insertions.
Spatial Configurations of Ti‐ and Ni‐ Species Catalyzing Complex Metal Hydrides: X‐Ray Absorption Studies and First‐Principles DFT and MD Calculations

We have performed Ti K‐edge EXAFS and XANES measurements on 4 and 3 wt% TiCl3‐activated NaAlH4 and (LiBH4+0.5MgH2) and Ni K‐edge measurements on 3 and 11 wt% NiCl2‐activated (LiBH4+0.5MgH2) and (Li3BN2H8) — prospective hydrogen storage materials. The valence of Ti and Ni is close to zero and invariant during hydrogen cycling. None of the metals enter substitutionally or interstitially into the crystalline lattice of the initial or final products. For the Ti‐ activated NaAlH4 and (LiBH4+0.5MgH2), amorphous TiAl3 and TiB2 alloys are formed, which are almost invariant during cycling. The Ni doped (LiBH4+0.5MgH2) initially forms amorphous Ni3B, which is partly converted to amorphous Mg2NiHy upon hydrogen loading. Local structure around Ti(Ni) atoms is expressed in terms of a cluster expansion and the interatomic distances, coordination numbers and Debye‐Waller factors are determined for competitive structural models. For Ti‐activated NaAlH4 the models are elaborated by Ti K‐edge XANES, which are interpreted i...
Evolvable real-time C3 systems-II: real-time infrastructure requirements

MITRE's Evolvable Real-Time Command Control, and Communications (C3) project, funded under the Air Force Mission Oriented Investigation and Experimentation (MOIE) program attempts to develop an approach that would enable current real-time systems to evolve into the systems of the future. The project has chosen the Airborne Warning and Control System (AWACS) as an example to test the concepts and architectures to be developed. We discuss the requirements for the infrastructure for next generation complex real-time command and control systems. This discussion also includes an overview of the infrastructure requirements for each of the three architectures that we have considered.
Corner-turn complexity properties of polynomial transform 2D convolution methods

This paper examines the matrix data re-order requirements of a variety of polynomial transform 2D convolution methods which can be employed to efficiently accommodate large field problems. The results indicate that several power-of-2 length polynomial transform methods developed by Nussbaumer allow one to totally avoid the row-column data corner-turn commonly encountered in Fourier Transform 2D convolution methods, while also providing significantly reduced computational complexity. Execution time comparison with an FFT reference base is made assuming the use of general register and array processor units and use of recently developed matrix-transpose methods by Eklundh and Ari to support 2D Fourier Transform corner-turn requirements. These results demonstrate a 2-4 times throughput performance improvement for use of the polynomial transform method in place of the 2D Fourier Transform approach to circularly convolve large 2D fields in the range 1024×1024 to 8192×8192.
Modeling impact ionization in advanced bipolar transistors for device/circuit simulation

Impact ionization in advanced bipolar transistors, which depends on the complex electric-field distribution in the collector, is accounted for in a physical (seminumerical) device model. The collector analysis comprehensively treats quasi-saturation, and thus accounts for the formation of the current-induced space-charge region at high currents as well as the modulation of the junction space-charge region. Simulated (with MMSPICE) and measured characteristics are compared in support of the model. >
Global Perspective Education: A Rationale for Textiles and Clothing:

The textile and clothing field is relevant to the goals in the developing area of global education: (1) recognizing global interdependence, (2) understanding universal needs, (3) recognizing cultural differences in decision making, and (4) analyzing and evaluating global issues. A rationale for developing global perspective textile and clothing curriculums can be derived from the universal significance of textiles and clothing to all mankind and the expanded role global issues are taking in everyday decision making and lifestyles. In a global perspectives approach to textiles and clothing, students analyze content across cultural and national boundaries and engage in problem solving related to the impact global issues have on the social significance, material composition, product fabrication, acquisition, and use of textiles and clothing.
DV-Hop Localization Algorithm Based on Distance Geometry Constrain

Node localization is one of the key technologies in wireless sensor networks,DV-Hop algorithm is wildly usded .The main DV-Hop localization error is the distance between unknown nodes ande anchor nodes.In this paper, The distance geometry constrain in two-dimensional space has been applied to reduce the error of measurement ,which is the distance between unknown nodes and anchor nodes. Simulation results show that this localization algorithm is effective ,which improves the positioning accuracy.
A model of an intraprostatic vas deferens in the rat

The study of the effect of hormones in seminal fluid upon prostate tissue is hampered by the lack of a suitable model. Such a model is described in this paper, and its possible usefulness is discussed. The vas deferens of the rat is moved from its normal position into a surgical incision into the ventral prostate. Squamous metaplasia of epithelium in prostatic acini at early stages is replaced by cuboidal epithelium. At later stages, normal-appearing glandular epithelium is seen as close as 50 micrometers to the vas deferens. The structure of the vas deferens is not affected.
Spectrophotometric determination of microamounts of tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E) in multi-vitamin capsules

Micro amounts of vitamin E in multi-vitamin tablets are extracted from aqueous EDTA medium with petroleum ether and are determined after transesterification, by use of iron(III) in the presence of Ferrozine. Vitamin E is determined in concentrations of 40-200 mug per 25 ml of final solution with a relative precision of about 1-2% when the standard addition method is used.
Economics, Racism, and Attitudes toward Immigration in the New Germany:

A number of different theories have been advanced to explain support for policies which may benefit minority groups. This paper utilizes eco nomic-self interest, traditional racism, and conservativ...
DISTANCES TO FOUR SOLAR NEIGHBORHOOD ECLIPSING BINARIES FROM ABSOLUTE FLUXES

Eclipsing binary (EB)-based distances are estimated for four solar neighborhood EBs by means of the Direct Distance Estimation (DDE) algorithm. Results are part of a project to map the solar neighborhood EBs in three dimensions, independently of parallaxes, and provide statistical comparisons between EB and parallax distances. Apart from judgments on adopted temperature and interstellar extinction, DDE's simultaneous light-velocity solutions are essentially objective and work as well for semidetached (SD) and overcontact binaries as for detached systems. Here, we analyze two detached and two SD binaries, all double lined. RS Chamaeleontis is a pre-main-sequence (MS), detached EB with weak ? Scuti variations. WW Aurigae is detached and uncomplicated, except for having high metallicity. RZ Cassiopeiae is SD and has very clear ? Scuti variations and several peculiarities. R Canis Majoris (R CMa) is an apparently simple but historically problematic SD system, also with weak ? Scuti variations. Discussions include solution rules and strategies, weighting, convergence, and third light problems. So far there is no indication of systematic band dependence among the derived distances, so the adopted band-calibration ratios seem consistent. Agreement of EB-based and parallax distances is typically within the overlapped uncertainties, with minor exceptions. We also suggest an explanation for the long-standing undermassiveness problem of R CMa's hotter component, in terms of a fortuitous combination of low metallicity and evolution slightly beyond the MS.
Support to Extend SNAP-Ed Eligibility to Schools Below the Current Threshold of 50% Participation in Free and Reduced School Lunch Program

Priority: Schools serve nutritious meals. Occurrences during mealtime affect how children eat. Frequently, children are pressured to eat a certain amount, to try new foods, and do not have enough time to eat. Children are challenged to eat a balanced meal in minimal time before their hurried exit from the cafeteria. Supervising adults may not be trained in appropriate verbal cues to support positive mealtime behaviors. Any combination of these factors can prevent children from eating their meal, impacting academic performance and food waste. Simple phrases and actions by adults can lead to positive mealtimes and improve mealtime management.
Long Time Behavior for Radially Symmetric Solutions of the Kuramoto-Sivashinsky Equation

In this paper, we consider the radially symmetric solutions of the Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation in a shell domain r0 � rR0 in any dimen- sion n. Using Lyapunov function approach, we study the long time behavior of the solutions and prove that there exists a time independent bound for the L 2 norm of the solution. Thus there exists an absorbing ball when time tends to infinity. We also show that in the three dimensional case this bound is given by C(R0 r0) 3/2 and we give an estimate of the rate with which the constant C blows up when r0 ! 0. Similar results hold for any n-dimensional shell do- main which does not contain the origin, which means that radially symmetric solution does not blow up at the origin if the dimension is sufficiently high.
Robustness of the Mean-Variance Model with Truncated Probability Distributions

The known sufficient conditions for the mean-variance framework to produce expected utility results are violated in the presence of truncated probability distributions. A theoretical simulation is conducted to examine the ability of the linear mean-variance model to approximate expected utility results when the income distribution is truncated by the use of commodity option contracts. The mean-variance model is shown to produce solutions that are close approximations to the expected utility model results under the assumptions of constant absolute risk aversion and normally distributed prices. However, some inconsistency was found between the comparative static results of the two models.
Convex synthesis of localized controllers for spatially invariant systems

A method is presented to impose localization in controller design for distributed arrays with underlying spatial invariance. The method applies to either state or output feedback problems where the performance objective (e.g., stabilization, H"2 or H"~ control) can be stated in terms of the search for a suitable Lyapunov matrix over spatial frequency. By restricting this matrix to be constant across frequency, controller localization can be naturally imposed. Thus, we obtain sufficient conditions for the existence of a controller with the desired localization and performance, which take the form of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) over spatial frequency. For one-dimensional arrays, we further show how to convert these conditions exactly to finite-dimensional LMIs by means of the Kalman-Yakubovich-Popov Lemma; extensions to the multi-dimensional case are also discussed.
Differences in Education, Knowledge, Self-Management Activities, and Health Outcomes for Patients With Heart Failure Cared for Under the Chronic Disease Model: The Improving Chronic Illness Care Evaluation

Abstract Background The objective of this study was to determine whether participation in a quality improvement (QI) collaborative for heart failure (HF) was associated with better interpersonal aspects of care and health outcomes. Methods and Results We conducted a cross-sectional telephone survey of patients in 6 organizations who participated in a QI collaborative for HF (participants, n=387) and 6 comparable control organizations (controls, n=414) and measured provider-patient communication, education received, knowledge of HF, self-management behaviors, satisfaction, and quality of life. The participant group patients were more likely to report their doctor and nurse discussed treatment options and reviewed self-management ( P P P P ≤ .01 for all), have a scale ( P =.002), and monitor their weight daily ( P Conclusion Participation in a QI collaborative for HF was associated with better communication, education, and knowledge, and lower health care use. Collaboratives may be a useful method for disseminating quality improvement strategies.
Torsional vibration of pretwisted thin-walled cantilevered I-beams

Abstract Analytical natural frequencies and mode shapes are derived for the torsional vibration of pretwisted thin-walled cantilevered I-beams. A multifilament model of a pretwisted thin-walled I-beam undergoing warp deformation and a moderately large twist about the axis of shear centers is used to derive the nonlinear boundary-value equations. Exact torsional vibration solutions are derived from the linear terms of the nonlinear boundary-value equations. The individual and collective effects of warping and pretwist are quantified for the first three modes of torsional vibration of cantilevered I-beams having a wide spectrum of length-to-leg ( L / b ) and leg-to-thickness ( b / t ) ratios.
Protein sequence similarity searches using patterns as seeds

Protein families often are characterized by conserved sequence patterns or motifs. A researcher frequently wishes to evaluate the significance of a specific pattern within a protein, or to exploit knowledge of known motifs to aid the recognition of greatly diverged but homologous family members. To assist in these efforts, the pattern-hit initiated BLAST (PHI-BLAST) program described here takes as input both a protein sequence and a pattern of interest that it contains. PHI-BLAST searches a protein database for other instances of the input pattern, and uses those found as seeds for the construction of local alignments to the query sequence. The random distribution of PHI-BLAST alignment scores is studied analytically and empirically. In many instances, the program is able to detect statistically significant similarity between homologous proteins that are not recognizably related using traditional single-pass database search methods. PHI-BLAST is applied to the analysis of CED4-like cell death regulators, HS90-type ATPase domains, archaeal tRNA nucleotidyltransferases and archaeal homologs of DnaG-type DNA primases.
The efficacy of time-out procedures in a variety of behavior problems

Abstract Variations of time-out from reinforcement procedures were used with three emotionally disturbed children, in the contexts of self-stimulative behavior, uncooperative behavior and inappropriate behaviors. In the last context a multiple baseline procedure was used in which attentive behaviors were monitored while the procedures were in effect for inappropriate behaviors. The procedures ranged from removal of adult attention to social isolation. Time-out procedures were a visibly efficient method for controlling undesired behaviors.
Core-selecting package auctions

Auctions that select core allocations with respect to reported values generate competitive levels of sales revenues at equilibrium and limit bidder incentives to use shills. Among core-selecting auctions, the ones that minimize seller revenues also maximize incentives for truthful reporting, produce the Vickrey outcome when that lies in the core and, in contrast to the Vickrey auction, and create no incentive for a seller to exclude qualified bidders. Core-selecting auctions are related to and share properties with stable matching mechanisms.
Effect of transfer RNA from various sources on placental messenger RNA translation

Abstract Poly(A + ) -containing mRNA from human term placenta was used to direct protein synthesis in a nuclease-treated rabbit reticulocyte lysate, which is dependent on mRNA and tRNA for maximal activity. The major protein product was human pre-placental lactogen (hPL). Addition of tRNA from rabbit liver, rabbit reticulocyte, human first trimester and term placenta, human liver and yeast resulted in 2–5-fold stimulation of [ 35 S]methionine incorporation into total protein. Although all mammalian tRNA increased hPL synthesis, the relative synthesis as compared to endogenous globin was markedly different and most efficient with tRNA from term placenta. Addition of yeast tRNA increased total incorporation 3-fold but decreased incorporation of [ 35 S]methionine into pre-hPL. These results suggest that the population of isoacceptor tRNAs may influence the expression of hPL in term placenta. Results are discussed by showing codon bias and usage of mRNA coding for hPL, α- and β-hCG, rabbit globin and yeast alcohol dehydrogenase I.
Diagnosis of histoplasmosis in immunosuppressed patients.

Purpose of review To define the most appropriate studies for making a diagnosis of histoplasmosis in immunosuppressed patients. Recent findings As is true of all fungal infections in immunosuppressed patients, heightened awareness of the epidemiology and clinical manifestations of histoplasmosis is essential in making an early diagnosis. Increasingly, Histoplasma antigen detection is used to help establish a diagnosis of histoplasmosis. Most of the reported data are on patients with AIDS, but limited data suggest the usefulness of this assay in other immunosuppressed patients as well. False positive reactions occur with other fungal infections, especially blastomycosis, and patients who have histoplasmosis may have a false positive serum Aspergillus galactomannan assay. The identification of the yeast phase of Histoplasma capsulatum in tissue biopsy samples and, uncommonly, in circulating blood phagocytes is also helpful in establishing a diagnosis quickly. PCR techniques have yet to prove useful for the rapid diagnosis of histoplasmosis, and serology is often negative in immunosuppressed patients. Culture remains definitive and should always be performed to confirm the results of the rapid diagnostic studies. Summary Rapid techniques, mostly antigen detection in serum and urine and histopathological identification of Histoplasma capsulatum in tissues, are the most important rapid diagnostic tests for histoplasmosis in immunosuppressed patients.
Behavior of Si photoelectrodes under high level injection conditions. 1. Steady-state current-voltage properties and quasi-Fermi level positions under illumination

The behavior of the quasi-Fermi levels of electrons and holes at various semiconductor/liquid interfaces has been probed through the use of thin, high purity, low dopant density single crystal Si photoelectrodes. Since standard Air Mass 1.5 illumination is sufficient to produce high level injection conditions in such samples, minimal electric fields can be present near the solid/liquid interface. Under these conditions, efficient charge separation relies on establishment of kinetic asymmetries at the back contacts while effectively sustaining photogenerated carrier concentration gradients in the photoelectrode. These conditions were achieved for Si/CH3OH interfaces in contact with the 1,1‘-dimethylferrocene+/0, cobaltocene+/0, methyl viologen2+/+, and decamethylferrocene+/0 redox couples. For redox couples having energies near the top of the Si valence band, such as 1,1‘-dimethylferrocene+/0, the sample acted like an n-type photoelectrode, yielding large photovoltages for collection of electrons at the ba...
KOSZUL ALGEBRAS AND THE FROBENIUS AUTOMORPHISM

LET %’ be a highest weight category [CPSl] with finitely many simple objects and such that every object has finite length. Then Ce = mod S for a finite dimensional quasi-hereditary algebra S. In a series of papers, [CPS4,5,6,7], we have studied various Kazhdan-Lusztig theories for %. This concept arises naturally in, for example, the modular representation theory of semisimple algebraic groups. As shown in [CPS4; § 41, the existence of a Kazhdan-Lusztig theory in this case is equivalent to the validity of the Lusztig conjecture (and leads to a considerable simplification of that conjecture). Also, the theory permits a combinatorial calculation of the Yoneda extension groups for irreducible representations with regular high weight in the Jantzen region. More generally, as shown in [CPS7; 5 21, if (e has a Kazhdan-Lusztig theory, its homological dual is also a highest weight category. When the algebra S is (positively) graded, the associated category ?& of finitely generated, graded S-modules has the structure of a graded highest weight category. (For a discussion of this notion, see [CPS7; $ 11.) By analogy with the ungraded theory, one can consider the notion of a graded Kazhdan-Lusztig theory. This concept has been developed in detail in [CPS4,7]. The property of having a graded Kazhdan-Lusztig theory is closely related to another property of graded algebras: a positively graded algebra S is called Koszul provided each irreducible S-module L, when regarded as a graded S-module concentrated in degree 0, has a projective resolution * * * --+ P-‘-+ PO+ L + 0 in %& in which each P-” is generated by its term in grade n. (see [P], [BGS].) A main result in [CPS’I; (3.9)] establishes that if %& has a graded KazhdanLusztig theory, the associated algebra S is Koszul. The converse also holds in the presence of an (ungraded) Kazhdan-Lusztig theory on (e. We begin in Q 1 by formulating a new criterion guaranteeing that a (finite dimensional) k-algebra S is Koszul. Our result states essentially that, given an algebra S and an automorphism (7, if the Ext-algebra associated to S can be given its natural graded structure by means of the