cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Two cases of spatial transformations.

Here, we give an overview of our work on two topics related to the theme of spatial transformations in wave theory, namely the concepts of transformation electronics and ‘digital’ metamaterials. In the first topic, we show that the notion of transformation optics can be extended to other physical phenomena such as tailoring the effective mass of charged carriers, e.g. electrons, in specially designed semiconductor superlattices. We discuss how the combination of thin layers of electronic materials with different effective mass of electrons may lead to bulk composite structures in which the effective mass of electrons may exhibit extreme anisotropy. For the second case, we show that any desired electromagnetic permittivity can, in principle, be engineered with proper combinations of two deeply subwavelength building blocks with relative permittivity values whose real parts have opposite signs. Owing to the presence of a plasmonic resonance between the two building blocks with oppositely signed dielectric constants, the achieved effective relative permittivity for the bulk composite may have values outside the range defined by the two permittivity values of the building blocks. We discuss some of the salient features of these two spatial transformation phenomena.
Driving Cessation and Health Outcomes in Older Adults.

OBJECTIVES: To determine what effect driving cessation may have on subsequent health and well-being in older adults. DESIGN: Systematic review of the evidence in the research literature on the consequences of driving cessation in older adults. SETTING: Community. PARTICIPANTS: Drivers aged 55 and older. MEASUREMENTS: Studies pertinent to the health consequences of driving cessation were identified through a comprehensive search of bibliographic databases. Studies that presented quantitative data for drivers aged 55 and older; used a cross-sectional, cohort, or case-control design; and had a comparison group of current drivers were included in the review. RESULTS: Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Driving cessation was reported to be associated with declines in general health and physical, social, and cognitive function and with greater risks of admission to long-term care facilities and mortality. A meta-analysis based on pooled data from five studies examining the association between driving cessation and depression revealed that driving cessation almost doubled the risk of depressive symptoms in older adults (summary odds ratio = 1.91, 95% confidence interval = 1.61-2.27). CONCLUSION: Driving cessation in older adults appears to contribute to a variety of health problems, particularly depression. These adverse health consequences should be considered in making the decision to cease driving. Intervention programs ensuring mobility and social functions may be needed to mitigate the potential adverse effects of driving cessation on health and well-being in older adults. Language: en
The Grateful Dead Archive

The Grateful Dead Archive (see Figure 1) is located in Special Collections in McHenry Library at the University of California, Santa Cruz (UCSC). The Archive documents the music, career, and histor...
Single-Event Transient and Total Dose Response of Precision Voltage Reference Circuits Designed in a 90-nm SiGe BiCMOS Technology

This paper presents an investigation of the impact of single-event transients (SETs) and total ionization dose (TID) on precision voltage reference circuits designed in a fourth-generation, 90-nm SiGe BiCMOS technology. A first-order uncompensated bandgap reference (BGR) circuit is used to benchmark the SET and TID responses of these voltage reference circuits (VRCs). Based on the first-order BGR radiation response, new circuit-level radiation-hardening-by-design (RHBD) techniques are proposed. An RHBD technique using inverse-mode (IM) transistors is demonstrated in a BGR circuit. In addition, a PIN diode VRC is presented as a potential SET and TID tolerant, circuit-level RHBD alternative.
Flight of the eye gnat, Hippelates pusio (Diptera: chloropidae): effect of temperature, light, moisture and wind velocity.

The flight activity, based on collections from humans, of Hippelates Pusio eye gnats was measured under varying field conditions. Thresholds for flight were 17°C, 0.25 mm Hg vapor pressure deficit (VPD), 5.38 milliphots (5 ft-c) of light and wind velocity below 67 m/min. Graphs are presented for flight activity at various values of temperature, light, VPD, and wind velocity.
Lesser Cornstalk Borer Larval Density and Damage to Peanuts

Nonirrigated “Starr” peanuts, 28–58 days postplanting, were infested with small larvae of Elasmopalpus lignosellus (Zeller) to ascertain the relationship between larval density and yield. The yield from thirty-nine 0.002-ha plots with larval densities ranging from 3069–73,655/ha were plotted and described by a simple 3-parameter nonlinear function. Results show non irrigated Starr peanuts can tolerate larval densities from 9 to 14,448/ha without yield reductions.
Notes on Rondani's species of American Tabanidae.

Comments are provided on Rondani's species of American Tabanidae. Types of 16 of these have recently been discovered in several museum collections in Italy. Study of 6 has provided important new infomation for a review of the southern genus, Dasybasis . New synonymy includes: Diabasis varipes Rondani preoccupies Diachlorus conspicuus Lutz, “Dichelacera” nigrocoeruleum Rondani (= Stypochela ) preoccupies Stigmatophthalmus lutzi Surcouf and Dicladocera acheronitens Krober, Tabanus punctum Rondani equals T. olivaceiventris Macquart, T. piceiventris Rondani preoccupies T. basivitta Walker, Agelanius acupunctatus Rondani may be an earlier name for Dasybasis erynnis (Brethes), A. albipalpis Rondani equals D. minor Macquart, and A. duplovittatus Rondani equals D. angustus (Macquart).
Abstract B26: Leptin affects proliferation, stem cells and chemotherapeutic treatment outcome of pancreatic cancer: A link to health disparity

Background: Pancreatic cancer (PC) is an aggressive disease that is in most cases advanced at the time of diagnosis. The overall 5-year survival rate for PC patients is less than 5 %. African-Americans show the highest incidence of obesity and PC as well as mortality rate. How obesity is associated to PC incidence and health disparity is still an unanswered question. High levels of leptin shown by obese African American patients could impact negatively on PC. We hypothesize that leptin signaling induces PC proliferation, stem cells (PCSC) and drug resistance. Methods: Human PC cell lines derived from primary pancreatic adenocarcinoma (Panc-1 and MiaPaCa-2-highly aggressive, BxPC-3-less aggressive) and from metastatic tumor (AsPC-1) were challenged with leptin and chemotherapeutic agents. Cell proliferation, apoptosis rate, and the expression levels of molecular markers were analyzed. PCSC markers were determined in cell lines and tumor biopsies. Effects of leptin and chemotherapeutics on PC-tumorsphere formation were also determined. Results: Leptin stimulated proliferation of PC cells, induced the expression of PCSC markers and increased tumorsphere formation. Moreover, leptin impaired the efficacy of chemotherapeutics on PC cells. Conclusions: Present data suggest leptin is a proliferative and survival factor for PC that reduces chemotherapeutic effectiveness. These observations are of paramount importance for obese African American PC patients, who show the highest levels of leptin, poor prognosis and outcome of chemotherapeutic treatment. Acknowledgements: this work was supported by the DOD W81XWH-13-1-0382; NIH/SBIR 1R41CA183399-01A1; Pilot Project Award from MSM/Tuskegee University/UAB Cancer Center Partnership grant 5U54CA118638; PC SPORE Grant from UAB to RRGP, and facilities and support services at Morehouse School of Medicine (1G12RR026250-03; NIH RR03034 and 1C06 RR18386). Citation Format: Adriana Harbuzariu, Danielle S. Daley-Brown, Tia L. Harmon, Robin C. Garrison, Derrick J. Beech, Frederick D. Cason, Christopher Klug, Ruben R. Gonzalez-Perez. Leptin affects proliferation, stem cells and chemotherapeutic treatment outcome of pancreatic cancer: A link to health disparity. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eighth AACR Conference on The Science of Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; Nov 13-16, 2015; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016;25(3 Suppl):Abstract nr B26.
Comparison of two long-term chemotherapy regimens, with or without agents to modify skeletal repair, in multiple myeloma

A randomized controlled trial was initiated in 1972 to compare two chemotherapeutic regimens [1–3-bis (2-chloroethyl) 1-nitrosourea (BCNU), cyclophosphamide, and prednisone versus melphalan and prednisone], to determine whether the two regimens are cross-resistant, and to evaluate the effectiveness of sodium fluoride, vitamin D, calcium gluconate, and fluoxymesterone in the promotion of bone healing. Initial responses (50%) and survival (36 mo median) for patients treated with the two chemotherapeutic regimens were the same. Patients on either regimen who failed to respond after 6 mo had a very low response rate to the alternative regimen (approximately 10%). Initially responding patients were randomly assigned to either an active drug regimen (sodium fluoride, vitamin D, calcium gluconate, fluoxymesterone) or placebo tablets. There was no significant difference in the low percentage of patients demonstrating bone improvement. Thus, the BCNU, cyclophosphamide, prednisone regimen is as effective as melphalan and prednisone. Fluoride, calcium, vitamin D, and androgenic steroids should not be routinely recommended in myeloma, as they seem to add little to effective chemotherapy and may contribute to morbidity.
The trolley problem and aggression

This essay considers complications introduced by the Trolley Problem to the discussion of whether and when harming some for the sake of helping others would be unjustified. It first examines Guido Pincione’s arguments for the conclusion that the permissibility of a bystander turning a runaway trolley from killing five people toward killing one other person instead may undermine one moral argument for political libertarianism and against redistributive taxation, namely that we may not harm some people in order to help others to a greater degree. It then considers both the bearing on Pincione’s argument of recent objections to the permissibility of turning the trolley, as well as the soundness of the objections. Finally, the essay considers the relevance of trolley cases for developing a theory of aggression, insofar as aggression is the unjustified use of force that is either foreseen or intended.
ENERGY DISSIPATION SYSTEM OF STRUCTURES WITH SHAPE MEMORY ALLOY DAMPER

A new type of shape memory alloy (SMA) damper was proposed by utilizing both the high damping and recentring features of superelastic SMA wire. The mechanical behaviors of the damper under cyclical loading-unloading were investigated experimentally, and the numerical simulation for the mechanical behaviors of the damper was performed by means of the developed one-dimensional theoretical model based on plastic theory. Then, the parameters of the energy dissipation system with SMA dampers were analyzed and optimized using energy balance method, and the reasonable value ranges for the parameters were suggested. Finally, as an example, a ten-layer shear steel frame structure with the SMA dampers was analyzed under earthquake ground motions. The research results show that the SMA damper has both the energy dissipating and recentring features with the hysteretic loop under cyclic loading-unloading. The lateral displacement of the structure is significantly reduced compared to that of the base structure without the passive element, which verifies the effectiveness of the damper for seismic design and retrofit of structures.
Managing bacterial biofilms with chitosan-based polymeric nitric oxides: Inactivation of biofilm bacteria and synergistic effects with antibiotics

In this study, we developed a new approach in the preparation of chitosan-based polymeric nitric oxides. Chitosan film (unreacted chitosan) reacted with glutaraldehyde to introduce aldehyde groups onto the material surface (glutaraldehyde-treated chitosan). Glutaraldehyde-treated chitosan reacted with a small-molecule nitric oxide donor, 3,3-bis(aminoethyl)-1-hydroxy-2-oxo-1-triazene, to covalently immobilize nitric oxide–releasing moieties onto the polymer (chitosan-based polymeric nitric oxide). Chitosan-based polymeric nitric oxide showed sustained release of nitric oxide. The activation energies and rate constants of nitric oxide release were determined. The released nitric oxide provided potent antimicrobial effects against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria living in biofilms, and the chitosan-based polymeric nitric oxide film showed added/synergistic effects with common antibiotics. At 4°C, the chitosan-based polymeric nitric oxide could be stored for more than 1 month, without significantly ...
App Engagement: The Influence of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation on Downloading Apps

The use of smartphone and apps increased in the last few years. For example, in 2012 there were 5.3 billion mobile subscriber, comprising 77 % of the world’s population (Darsow and Listwan 2012). ABI Research reveals that app, a software application designed to run on smartphone, tablet, and mobile devices, downloads will reach 44 billion apps on mobile phones and mobile communication devices by 2016 (Cheng 2011). Currently Apple and Android app dominate the number of downloaded Apps. For example, Apple acquires the highest number of apps sold in the last few years with more than 700,000 apps and counting, but Google play, for Android system, is growing fast and it will catch up by the end of 2013 (Taylor et al. 2011). Also, Apple made half of all app revenue. However, Google comprise 70 % of all app downloads which demonstrate that market share and volume do not translate to income (Bradley 2013). There are many reasons for the huge download behavior, such as apps are accessible, easy to use, and inexpensive.
Novel high-speed photovoltaic detector based on asymmetric superlat-tice structures

Semiconductor high-speed photodectors typically are based on photoconductive effects, where a photocurrent is generated in proportion to the illuminating light intensity. A transient photovoltaic effect in a sawtooth semiconductor super lattice structure was reported several years ago by Capasso et al.1 However, no steady-state photovoltage was observed under continuous light illumination. Here, we report building a novel high-speed photovoltaic detector which responds Jinearly to the continuous light intensity before saturation at high intensities and has a very high response speed. Such a high- speed photovoltaic detector can be used to modulate a transistor directly without the need of a bias or a load resistor.
Transrectal Ultrasound-Guided Prostate Biopsy

Techniques in prostate biopsy were enhanced with the incorporation of transrectal ultrasound to image and target the prostate in real-time. Despite controversies in prostate cancer screening, prostate biopsy remains the gold standard in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. Research today focuses on reducing complications particularly sepsis and optimizing sampling of areas suspicious for cancer. The chapter highlights indications for prostate biopsy, techniques, complications, controversies, and future directions within the field.
Flare-Rimmed Bowls: A Sub-Type of Mimbres Classic Black-on-White

Mimbres Classic Black-on-white bowls are shown to be divisible into two classes on the basis of shape and design layouts. It is demonstrated that flare-rimmed bowls have different patterns of design layout than do hemispherical bowls. The similarity of these design canons to those found on Gila Polychrome is discussed. Implications from this study concerning the analysis of Southwestern pottery are also considered. A new sub-type of Mimbres Classic Black-on-white has been established which may have important consequences for our understanding of the culture history of southwest New Mexico. This sub-type is characterized by an association between vessel shape and patterns of design layout. The demonstration that such an association exists within an established type is also of some interest to the further development of pottery classification in the Southwest. Historically, classification of southwestern pottery has had as a major goal the defining of types which could be given discrete spatial and temporal placement. In turn, the major utility of these types has been the chronologic
Quantitative Analysis of Evolvability using Vertex Centralities in Phenotype Network

In an evolutionary system, robustness describes the resilience to mutational and environmental changes, whereas evolvability captures the capability of generating novel and adaptive phenotypes. The research literature has not seen an effective quantification of phenotypic evolvability able to predict the evolutionary potential of the search for novel phenotypes. In this study, we propose to characterize the mutational potential among different phenotypes using the phenotype network, where vertices are phenotypes and edges represent mutational connections between them. In the framework of such a network, we quantitatively analyze the evolvability of phenotypes by exploring a number of vertex centrality measures commonly used in complex networks. In our simulation studies we use a Linear Genetic Programming system and a population of random walkers. Our results suggest that the weighted eigenvector centrality serves as the best estimator of phenotypic evolvability.
The Grandmama de Bruijn Sequence for Binary Strings

A de Bruijn sequence is a binary string of length \(2^n\) which, when viewed cyclically, contains every binary string of length n exactly once as a substring. Knuth refers to the lexicographically least de Bruijn sequence for each n as the “granddaddy” and Fredricksen et al. showed that it can be constructed by concatenating the aperiodic prefixes of the binary necklaces of length n in lexicographic order. In this paper we prove that the granddaddy has a lexicographic partner. The “grandmama” sequence is constructed by instead concatenating the aperiodic prefixes in co-lexicographic order. We explain how our sequence differs from the previous sequence and why it had not previously been discovered.
EERE-VTO T2M Project Final Report - Ideation of a Novel Commercialization Model

The Department of Energy Technology Transfer mission is to expand the commercial impact of DOE's portfolio of R&D activities, providing ongoing economic, security, and environmental benefits for all Americans. To advance this mission, Argonne National Laboratory has executed this Technology-to-Market (T2M) project funded by EERE-VTO. The objective of the project was to ideate an overall business model for a private entity with a mission to develop and deploy technology by identifying, de-risking, and moving scientific advances into commercial use.
Metabolic Anatomy of Tourette’s Syndrome

A Scaled Subprofile Statistical Model (SSM) of regional metabolic covariation was employed to identify functional brain networks in 10 Tourette syndrome (TS) patients (mean age, 41 years), with 10 normal volunteers as controls, in a study at North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, New York.
A Traumatic Experience

A 32-year-old male was involved in a road traffic accident. He is brought to the Accident and Emergency Department where on initial assessment, he is found to have a systolic blood pressure of 80 mmHg, a tender abdomen, and is suspected to have a fractured pelvis.
Determinants of HPV vaccine awareness and healthcare providers' discussion of HPV vaccine among females

Two human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines are available and can prevent 98% of HPV 16 and 18 infections. This study aimed to explore determinants of 1) HPV vaccine awareness among a cohort of low-income women participating in a cancer prevention program in Central Texas and compare them to United States residents; 2) determinants of healthcare providers' discussion of HPV vaccine among female residents of the United States. Bivariate and multivariable analysis of HPV vaccine awareness using survey data (n = 359) collected between 2014 and 2016 in Central Texas, and the Health Information and Nutrition Survey (HINTS) data which is a nationally representative dataset (unweighted n = 1214) collected in 2013 were conducted. Bivariate and multivariable regression analyses of healthcare providers' discussion of the HPV vaccine using the HINTS survey data were also conducted. Compared to non-Hispanic Whites, there was a decreased likelihood of HPV vaccine awareness among non-Hispanic Blacks (OR = 0.50; 95% CI = 0.28–0.90) and Hispanics (OR = 0.55; 95% CI = 0.30–0.99) in the grant funded program, as well as non-Hispanic Blacks (OR = 0.28; 95% CI = 0.14–0.58) and Hispanics (OR = 0.22; 95% CI = 0.12–0.41) in the HINTS data. There was also a decreased likelihood of healthcare providers discussing the HPV vaccine with respondents who were 35–49 years (OR = 0.50; 95% CI = 0.30–0.84), 50–64 years (OR = 0.26; 95% CI = 0.14–0.49) or ≥ 65 years compared to those who were 18–34 years among the HINTS data respondents. Interventions to increase HPV awareness among non-Hispanic Blacks and Hispanics, as well as encourage healthcare providers' discussion of the HPV vaccination during patient encounters regardless of the patient's age are needed.
Mothers’ and fathers’ prescription drug misuse in family contexts: implications for the adjustment of parents of children with and without autism

Although prescription drug misuse is an identified risk factor for individuals' outcomes, less is known about its occurrence in and implications for families. To address this limitation, we examined whether mothers' and fathers' prescription drug misuse is associated with the adjustment of parents, including those with a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and those without. Mothers and fathers from families with a child with ASD (n = 178) and comparison families without a child with ASD (n = 174) completed surveys of past-year prescription drug misuse and their personal and relationship adjustment. In total, 7.7% (N = 27) of mothers and 8.2% (N = 29) of fathers reported recent prescription drug misuse. There was significant interdependence between mothers' and fathers' recent prescription drug misuse in families with a child with ASD but not in comparison families. Actor-partner interdependence modeling was used to examine associations between parents' prescription drug misuse and their own and their partner's adjustment, controlling for medical use of prescription drugs and demographic covariates. Across family diagnosis statuses, mothers' prescription drug misuse predicted higher levels of their own alcohol problems, whereas fathers' prescription drug misuse related only to mothers' poorer sleep quality. Moreover, mothers' prescription drug misuse was associated with higher levels of their own depression symptoms in ASD-status (but not in comparison) families. Understanding parents' prescription drug misuse and its effects on family members is critical for informing future research and prevention and treatment strategies.
SIRENE: A Spatial Data Infrastructure to Enhance Communities’ Resilience to Disaster-Related Emergency

Planning in advance to prepare for and respond to a natural hazard-induced disaster-related emergency is a key action that allows decision makers to mitigate unexpected impacts and potential damage. To further this aim, a collaborative, modular, and information and communications technology-based Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) called SIRENE—Sistema Informativo per la Preparazione e la Risposta alle Emergenze (Information System for Emergency Preparedness and Response) is designed and implemented to access and share, over the Internet, relevant multisource and distributed geospatial data to support decision makers in reducing disaster risks. SIRENE flexibly searches and retrieves strategic information from local and/or remote repositories to cope with different emergency phases. The system collects, queries, and analyzes geographic information provided voluntarily by observers directly in the field (volunteered geographic information (VGI) reports) to identify potentially critical environmental conditions. SIRENE can visualize and cross-validate institutional and research-based data against VGI reports, as well as provide disaster managers with a decision support system able to suggest the mode and timing of intervention, before and in the aftermath of different types of emergencies, on the basis of the available information and in agreement with the laws in force at the national and regional levels. Testing installations of SIRENE have been deployed in 18 hilly or mountain municipalities (12 located in the Italian Central Alps of northern Italy, and six in the Umbria region of central Italy), which have been affected by natural hazard-induced disasters over the past years (landslides, debris flows, floods, and wildfire) and experienced significant social and economic losses.
AMPA receptor positive allosteric modulators attenuate morphine tolerance and dependence.

Abstract Development of opioid tolerance and dependence hinders the use of opioids for the treatment of chronic pain. In searching for the mechanism and potential intervention for opioid tolerance and dependence, we studied the action of two positive allosteric modulators of the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR PAMs). In mice treated with morphine (100 mg/kg, s.c.), acute morphine tolerance and dependence developed in 4–6 h. Treatment with aniracetam, a well-established AMPAR PAM, was able to completely prevent and reverse the development of acute antinociceptive tolerance to morphine. Partial, but significant, effects of aniracetam on acute morphine induced-physical dependence were also observed. Moreover, aniracetam significantly reversed the established morphine tolerance and dependence in a chronic model of morphine tolerance and dependence produced by intermittent morphine (10 mg/kg, s.c. for 5d). In addition, HJC0122, a new AMPAR PAM was found to have similar effects as aniracetam but with a higher potency. These previously undisclosed actions of AMPAR PAMs are intriguing and may shed lights on understanding the APMA signaling pathway in opioid addiction. Moreover, these data suggest that AMPAR PAMs may have utility in preventing and treating morphine tolerance and dependence.
Prevention of herpes keratitis by monoclonal antibodies specific for discontinuous and continuous epitopes on glycoprotein D.

Seven monoclonal antibodies (mAb) specific for defined discontinuous and continuous epitopes on glycoprotein D of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) were surveyed for their capacity to protect against virus-induced corneal disease in a murine ocular infection model. A known amount of purified mAb was transferred passively to BALB/c mice 24 hr after topical infection with HSV-1 on their scarified corneas. At high doses (50-136 ng), all seven mAbs protected against the development of persistent necrotizing stromal keratitis. Significant protection was also observed at low doses (20 ng) with two mAbs to discontinuous epitopes and two mAbs to continuous epitopes. Selected high-dose mAbs also were able to reduce the severity of blepharitis. These results indicated that at least seven different antigenic sites on glycoprotein D can serve as targets for effective antibody therapy in the murine model of HSV-1 ocular infection. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 32:2735-2740,1991
Education for Architecture in the United States and Canada

Architectural education has the primary purposes of producing competent, creative, critically minded, and ethical professional designers/builders who contribute to the social, economic, and cultural development of society – both nationally and globally. Architecture education is an interdisciplinary field that comprises humanities, social and physical sciences, technology, and the creative arts. Regulation of the profession of architecture, including the licensing of practitioners, is a function of each US state/territory or Canadian province/territory exercising its power to protect the health, safety, and welfare of the people. Licensure requirements include an accredited degree, a structured internship, and passing the architect registration exam.
Nomograms and the Elderly: Applications in Genitourinary Oncology

Of all available clinical prediction tools, nomograms have been shown to provide the most accurate and practical individualized risk estimations, and for this reason, they have greatly grown in popularity in the modern era of medicine. These models function to replicate the clinical predictions of physicians in a reliable, unbiased, and evidence-based format that can provide patients with the necessary information to make a fully informed decision regarding treatment. The relevant clinical considerations – and, thus, the corresponding outcome predictions – may differ between populations of varying age, and nomograms predicting disease risk, quality of life, and mortality will likely be most relevant to an elderly population. The future of outcomes research should focus on the combination of multiple prediction models into comparative effectiveness tables which will serve as high-quality informed consent for the older patient contemplating therapy. While nomograms can help us to move beyond an era of age cutoff points, these and other prediction models will never be able to substitute for the clinical acumen and watchful eye of a thoughtful physician.
Exchange Coupled Films for Magneto-Optic Applications

Exchange coupled bilayers are used to provide improved Kerr effect signals in magneto-optic storage media. The effective bias obtained by coupling one film to another can be used to control the switching characteristics of the medium. In simple systems the coupling can be characterized by an interfacial wall energy. When the magnetic layers are thin compared to the wall width, however, the wall energy model is not expected to hold.
Acid Inhibition on Polyphenol Oxidase and Peroxidase in Processing of Anthocyanin‐Rich Juice and Co‐product Recovery from Purple‐Fleshed Sweetpotatoes

With high phytochemical and starch contents, purple-fleshed sweetpotatoes (PFSP) have been processed into various functional ingredients and food products including juices and natural colorants. For juice processing, PFSP are usually subjected to heat treatment for inactivation of pigment-degrading enzymes. However, heating of sweetpotatoes gelatinizes starch and produces thick slurry with cooked flavor, which are the drawbacks. Development of alternative processes to overcome the stated problems will be beneficial to sweetpotato processors. This study demonstrated that acidified water (≥3% w/v citric acid) was effective in inhibiting polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase in raw PFSP resulting in an attractive reddish juice. About 93% total phenolics (TP) and 83% total monomeric anthocyanins (TMA) in PFSP were extracted by two repeated extractions. The combined PFSP juice (3.2 L/kg PFSP) had high levels of TP (1,850 mg/L) and TMA (475 mg/L). With the developed process, 167 g dried starch, and 140 g dried high-fiber pomace were obtained for each kg raw PFSP, besides the highly pigmented juice. Pasteurization of the PFSP juice samples (pH 3.2) at 80 °C for 12 s resulted in 15% loss in TMA and had no effect on TP. The results indicated an efficient process to produce sweetpotato juice with high bioactive compounds and recovery of starch and high dietary fiber pomace as co-products. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Purple-fleshed sweetpotatoes (PFSP) are rich in polyphenolics and antioxidant activities. In PFSP juice extraction, heat treatment to inactivate the pigment-degrading enzymes results in starch gelatinization and cooked flavor. A nonthermal process using acidified water was developed for producing anthocyanin-rich juice from PFSP and concurrently recovering native starch and dried pomace, which would increase the economic feasibility of the developed process. The results demonstrate an efficient process for the sweetpotato industry in producing PFSP pigmented juice and co-products for various food applications.
Levator bowl volume during straining and its relationship to other levator measures.

This study was aimed at measuring levator ani bowl volume at rest and while straining, comparing women with and without prolapse (controls), and assessing the ability of measures of the mid-sagittal bowl area, levator hiatus (LH), and urogenital hiatus (UGH) to predict bowl volume. Forty MRI scans previously acquired in case-control prolapse studies, including 20 women with prolapse and 20 women without prolapse, of similar age and parity, were selected. 3D models of rest and strain bowl volumes were made using sagittal scans and 3D Slicer®. Mid-sagittal bowl area, UGH, and LH were measured using ImageJ. Data were analyzed using two sample t tests, effect sizes, and Pearson’s correlation coefficients at the 0.05 significance level. Data were acquired in a total of 40 total women. Levator bowl volume at strain had a correlation coefficient of 0.5 with bowl volume at rest. During straining, prolapse subjects had a 53% larger bowl volume than control subjects (254 ± 86 cm3 vs 166 ± 44 cm3, p 0.75). The strongest correlation with straining bowl volume was mid-sagittal straining bowl area (r = 0.86), followed by LH strain (r = 0.80), then UGH strain (r = 0.76). Straining levator bowl volume is substantially different than measures made at rest, with only a quarter of straining values explained by resting measurements. The bowl area at strain is the best 2D measurement estimating bowl volume and explains 74% of straining bowl volume.
P56 Changes in Healthy Eating and Physical Activity Behaviors of Low-Income Adult Georgians Participating in Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Education (SNAP-Ed)

Objective To examine the impact of Food Talk: Better U (FTBU), the University of Georgia SNAP-Ed's new healthy weight management program on healthy eating, food resource management, and physical activity behaviors in a sample of low-income Georgians. Use of Theory or Research Social cognitive theory and expanded health belief model. Target Audience SNAP-Ed eligible Georgian adults with children Program Description FTBU was developed based on a comprehensive formative evaluation. FTBU is a series of four 90-minute lessons taught by paraprofessionals focusing on portion control, goal setting, limiting added sugar, small healthy shifts, and problem-solving strategies. Each lesson includes a sharing session, didactic lesson, physical activity (PA), cooking demonstration and tasting, and goal setting. Evaluation Methods Outcome evaluation of the program used pre- and post-self-administered questionnaire, 24-hour dietary recalls, and self-reported and measured weight. Outcome measures included Medium Term behavior change indicators (MT1, 2, and 3) from the SNAP-Ed Evaluation Framework and other validated measures. McNemar tests were used to examine changes in reported healthy behaviors between pre- and post-test. Results A total of 454 low-income Georgians participated in FTBU in FY 2018 (mean age 52.6 ± 17.1 years, 74.4% females, 47.6% Black, 68.3% overweight/obese). Overall, participants reported engaging in more healthy behaviors after the intervention. The percent of participants who reported eating more than one fruit (MT1c) and vegetable (MT1d) per day significantly increased after the intervention. Most food resource management indicators (MT2a, b) showed a significant increase between pre- and post-test. The percent meeting guidelines for engaging in moderate-vigorous PA (MT3b) and PA to make muscles stronger (MT3c) also increased significantly post-intervention. Conclusions The findings suggest FTBU has potential to improve healthy behaviors aimed at healthy weight management practices among SNAP-Ed eligible adults with a high burden of obesity. Further evaluations are needed using a rigorous research design with control groups. Funding SNAP-Ed.
Psychosis Remitted After Ependymoma Resection in a School-Aged Child.

No abstract available Keywords: CNS Tumors; Childhood Neuropsychiatric Disorders; Mood; Pediatrics; Psychosis.
In-utero pancreatic cyst with postnatal resolution

Abstract Prenatal imaging continues to improve and with it, the detection of abnormal findings. Pancreatic cysts in the newborn are a rare clinical entity, most often managed by close monitoring and surgical resection if they become symptomatic or once the child has grown. We followed such a lesion with serial imaging and found it to resolve spontaneously by four months of age.
Measuring Weight with Electronic Scales in Clinical and Research Settings During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic.

With the COVID‐19 pandemic, clinicians and researchers have been suddenly confronted with the difficulty of treatment provision and continuation of clinical trials without face‐to‐face contact. This predicament has resulted in the rapid adoption of telehealth methodologies.1 Clinicians and researchers focused on obesity management have an additional need‐‐ a remote way to measure weight. In this piece, we will describe electronic scales (e‐scales) and provide guidance on how clinicians/researchers might best implement e‐scales in their clinical practice or research studies to remotely measure weight.
Legalized Racism: The Internment of Japanese Americans

The internment of Japanese Americans in the West Coast during World War II grew out of rampant anti-Asian sentiment in the pre-war period. When war broke out between Japan and the United States, this racial hostility led to the rounding up and summary removal to prison camps of some 120,000 Japanese Americans, aliens and citizens alike, purely on the basis of race. Despite its racial foundations, at all times and at every turn, the internment was carried out under color of law, with judicial support against every challenge, most often without dissent. This is all the more remarkable because, on its face, the internment flouted nearly every provision of the Bill of Rights of the U.S. Constitution.
Phase II study of adjuvant endocrine therapy with CDK 4/6 inhibitor, ribociclib, for localized ER+/HER2- breast cancer (LEADER).

531Background: Given the success of CDK 4/6 inhibitors for ER+/HER2- metastatic breast cancer, there is much interest in exploring these agents in early breast cancer to potentially reduce recurren...
Tetravalent dengue DNA vaccine is not immunogenic when delivered by retrograde infusion into salivary glands

A tetravalent DNA vaccine for Dengue virus is under development but has not yet achieved optimal immunogenicity. Salivary glands vaccination has been reported efficacious in rodents and dogs. We report on a pilot study testing the salivary gland as a platform for a Dengue DNA vaccine in a non-human primate model. Four cynomolgus macaques were used in this study. Each macaque was pre-medicated with atropine and sedated with ketamine. Stensen’s duct papilla was cannulated with a P10 polyethylene tube, linked to a 500ul syringe. On the first two infusions, all macaques were infused with 300ul of TVDV mixed with 2 mg of zinc. For the 3rd infusion, to increase transfection into salivary tissue, two animals received 100uL TVDV mixed with 400uL polyethylenimine 1μg/ml (PEI) and the other two animals received 500uL TVDV with zinc. Antibody titers were assessed 4 weeks following the second and third infusion. SGRI through Stensen’s duct is a well-tolerated, simple and easy to reproduce procedure. TVDV infused into macaques salivary glands elicited a significantly weaker antibody response than with different delivery methods.
Histone deacetylase inhibition by gut microbe-generated short chain fatty acids entrains intestinal epithelial circadian rhythms

Background and aimsThe circadian clock orchestrates ~24-hour oscillations of gastrointestinal (GI) epithelial structure and function that drive diurnal rhythms in the composition, localization, and metabolism of gut microbiota. Here, we use experimental and computational approaches in enteroids to reveal reciprocal effects of microbial metabolites on intestinal epithelial timekeeping by an epigenetic mechanism. MethodsWe cultured 3D PER2::LUCIFERASE and Bmal1-ELuciferase jejunal enteroids in media supplemented with sterile supernatants from the altered Schaedler Flora (ASF), a defined murine microbiota. Circadian oscillations of bioluminescent PER2 and Bmal1 were measured in enteroids cultured in the presence or absence of individual ASF supernatants. Separately, we applied machine learning to ASF metabolic profiles to identify phase-shifting metabolites. ResultsFiltrates from 3 of 7 ASF species (ASF360 Lactobacillus intestinalis, ASF361 Ligilactobacillus murinus, ASF502 Clostridium spp.) induced minimal alterations in circadian rhythms, whereas 4 ASF species (ASF356 Clostridium spp., ASF492 Eubacterium plexicaudatum, ASF500 Pseudoflavonifactor spp., ASF519 Parabacteroides goldsteinii) induced profound, concentration-dependent phase delays. Random forest classification identified short chain fatty acids (SCFA: butyrate, propionate, acetate, and isovalerate) production as a discriminating feature of "shifters", i.e., ASF taxa whose metabolites induce phase delay. Experiments with SCFAs confirmed machine learning predictions, with a median phase delay of 6.2 hours. Pharmacological or botanical HDAC inhibitors generated similar phase delays. Further, mithramycin A, an inhibitor of HDAC inhibition, abrogated SCFA-induced phase delays by 20% (P<0.05). Key findings were reproducible in human Bmal1-luciferase enteroids. ConclusionsGut microbe-generated SCFAs entrain intestinal epithelial circadian rhythms, in part, by an HDACi-dependent mechanism, with critical implications for understanding microbial and circadian network regulation of intestinal epithelial homeostasis.
Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2: a new circulating indicator of pulmonary arterial hypertension severity and survival

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a fatal disease that results from cardio-pulmonary dysfunction with the pathology largely unknown. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP2) is an important member of the insulin-like growth factor family, with evidence suggesting elevation in PAH patients. We investigated the diagnostic and prognostic value of serum IGFBP2 in PAH to determine if it could discriminate PAH from healthy controls and if it was associated with disease severity and survival. Serum IGFBP2 levels, as well as IGF1/2 levels, were measured in two independent PAH cohorts, the Johns Hopkins Pulmonary Hypertension program (JHPH, N = 127), NHLBI PAHBiobank (PAHB, N = 203), and a healthy control cohort (N = 128). The protein levels in lung tissues were determined by western blot. The IGFBP2 mRNA expression levels in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMC) and endothelial cells (PAEC) were assessed by RNA-seq, secreted protein levels by ELISA. Association of biomarkers with clinical variables was evaluated using adjusted linear or logistic regression and Kaplan-Meier analysis. In both PAH cohorts, serum IGFBP2 levels were significantly elevated (p < 0.0001) compared to controls and discriminated PAH from controls with an AUC of 0.76 (p < 0.0001). A higher IGFBP2 level was associated with a shorter 6-min walk distance (6MWD) in both cohorts after adjustment for age and sex (coefficient − 50.235 and − 57.336 respectively). Cox multivariable analysis demonstrated that higher serum IGFBP2 was a significant independent predictor of mortality in PAHB cohort only (HR, 3.92; 95% CI, 1.37–11.21). IGF1 levels were significantly increased only in the PAHB cohort; however, neither IGF1 nor IGF2 had equivalent levels of associations with clinical variables compared with IGFBP2. Western blotting shown that IGFBP2 protein was significantly increased in the PAH vs control lung tissues. Finally, IGFBP2 mRNA expression and secreted protein levels were significantly higher in PASMC than in PAEC. IGFBP2 protein expression was increased in the PAH lung, and secreted by PASMC. Elevated circulating IGFBP2 was associated with PAH severity and mortality and is a potentially valuable prognostic marker in PAH.
Discovery of inverted discordant p57 expression in random clusters of dysmorphic chorionic villi of third trimester placentas suggests a more common occurrence of such phenomenon than initially described.

Abstract Introduction Inverted discordant p57 expression in chorionic villi, characterized by a loss of nuclear staining in cytotrophoblast with retained staining in villous stromal cells, is rarely described. Following an incidental finding of such peculiar staining pattern in rare clusters of dysmorphic chorionic villi (DCV) in a perinatal autopsy case, we reviewed our archived cases of third trimester placentas with DCV to systematically analyze these curious foci. Methods Histopathological features and p57 expression of 26 placentas with DCV were carefully studied by light microscopy and p57 immunohistochemistry. p57 pattern of expression was correlated with a comprehensive list of maternal, fetal, and placental features to reveal potential associations. Results Inverted discordant p57 expression was observed in 17/26 (65.4%) cases, encompassing all cases with aberrant p57 immunostaining in this series. Among the many features investigated, only the focality (occurring as a single focus) of DCV (Fisher's exact test, p = 0.008) and small cluster size of ≤30 villi (Fisher's exact test, p = 0.034) correlated significantly with inverted discordant p57 staining. Other common features of DCV with inverted discordant p57 expression include larger villous size compared with surrounding tertiary villi (13/17, 76.4%), prominent but not hyperplastic and focally to moderately hyperplastic syncytiotrophoblast (17/21, 80.9%), abnormal shapes/irregular contours (17/22, 77.3%), and markedly hypovascular villous stroma (11/17, 64.7%). No distinctive maternal or fetal features were observed. Discussion Inverted discordant p57 expression in DCV of third trimester placentas is likely underreported, and might not be an unusual occurrence outside of suspected molar specimens.
Review: The Trials of Homeopathy: Origins, Structure, and Development By Michael Emmans Dean

Book review of Michael Dean's book version of his dissertation on the origin of clinical trials in homeopathy.
Fornix white matter microstructure differentially predicts false recollection rates in older and younger adults.

Abstract Healthy aging is accompanied by increased false remembering in addition to reduced successful remembering in older adults. Neuroimaging studies implicate age-related differences in the involvement of medial temporal lobe and fronto-parietal regions in mediating highly confident false recollection. However, no studies have directly examined the relationship between white matter microstructure and false recollection in younger and older adults. Using diffusion-weighted imaging and probabilistic tractography, we examined how white matter microstructure within tracts connecting the hippocampus and the fronto-parietal retrieval network contribute to false recollection rates in healthy younger and older adults. We found only white matter microstructure within the fornix contributed to false recollection rates, and this relationship was specific to older adults. Fornix white matter microstructure did not contribute to true recollection rate, nor did common white matter contribute to false recollection, suggesting fornix microstructure is explicitly associated with highly confident false memories in our sample of older adults. These findings underlie the importance of examining microstructural correlates associated with false recollection in younger and older adults.
The role of perceived vulnerability in restaurant customers’ co-creation behavior and repatronage intention during the COVID-19 pandemic

This study examines the antecedents of restaurant repatronage intention and the extent to which risk perception (i.e. perceived vulnerability) moderates the formation of that intention during the C...