cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Attribute Importance in Determining Industrial Buyer Satisfaction

This article reports survey research findings that measure the importance that industrial buyers attach to eight attributes relating to post-purchase satisfaction and that compare organizational buyers’ and industrial distributors’ assessment of attribute importance for three products--ball bearings, electrical components, and welding supplies.
Heat stress and endotoxin exposure alter expression of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in RAW 264.7 macrophages (815.3)

Heat stress results in significant homeorhetic changes in the body to enhance survival during this condition. Although the immune system plays a critical role in defense against pathogens, the impact of heat stress on this system is poorly understood. Therefore, this study was conducted with the objective of determining the impact of ambient temperature on cytokine expression in the RAW 264.7 macrophage model. Cells at confluence were exposed to either control (37 oC) or heat stress (41.5 oC) conditions for 24 hours before being challenged with LPS (10 ng/ml) for an additional 3 hours. Thereafter, RNA was extracted and reverse transcribed for RT-PCR analysis. Expression of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophage markers (TNFα, INOS, IL-6, and IL-1β) and anti-inflammatory M2 markers (IL-10 and Arginase 1) were determined. Heat stress resulted in significant upregulation of INOS, IL-1β, and IL-6. On the contrary, heat stress led to downregulation (P < 0.05) of expression of TNFα and tended (P < 0.1) to downregulate ...
The 2000 T. H. Morgan Medal Essay: H. J. Muller and the Nature of the Gene

GENETICS was at a turning point in the early 1940s. The classical period had matured and was ripe for the transition to the molecular era. Geneticists had established that a gene has a precise location on a particular chromosome. They had explained the transmission of genes in heredity, and their
Logic functions of the genomic cis-regulatory code

Cis-regulatory modules that control developmental gene expression process the regulatory inputs provided by the transcription factors for which they contain specific target sites. A prominent class of cis-regulatory processing functions can be modeled as logic operations. Many of these are combinatorial because they are mediated by multiple sites, although others are unitary. In this work, we illustrate the repertoire of cis-regulatory logic operations, as an approach toward a functional interpretation of the genomic regulatory code.
Human whole-blood 1H2O longitudinal relaxation with normal and high-relaxivity contrast reagents: Influence of trans-cell-membrane water exchange

Purpose Accurate characterization of contrast reagent (CR) longitudinal relaxivity in whole blood is required to predict arterial signal intensity in contrast-enhanced MR angiography (CE-MRA). This study measured the longitudinal relaxation rate constants (R1) over a concentration range for non-protein-binding and protein-binding CRs in ex vivo whole blood and plasma at 1.5 and 3.0 Tesla (T) under physiologic arterial conditions. Methods Relaxivities of gadoteridol, gadobutrol, gadobenate, and gadofosveset were measured for [CR] from 0 to 18 mM [mmol(CR)/L(blood)]: the latter being the upper limit of what may be expected in CE-MRA. Results In plasma, the 1H2O R1 [CR]-dependence was nonlinear for gadobenate and gadofosveset secondary to CR interactions with the serum macromolecule albumin, and was well described by an analytical expression for effective 1:1 binding stoichiometry. In whole blood, the 1H2O R1 [CR]-dependence was markedly non-linear for all CRs, and was well-predicted by an expression for equilibrium exchange of water molecules between plasma and intracellular spaces using a priori parameter values only. Conclusion In whole blood, 1H2O R1 exhibits a nonlinear relationship with [CR] over 0 to 18 mM CR. The nonlinearity is well described by exchange of water between erythrocyte and plasma compartments, and is particularly evident for high relaxivity CRs. Magn Reson Med 72:1746–1754, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Experimental evaluation of theoretical response equations for an unsegmented flow system with a well-stirred mixing chamber

Abstract This paper describes results of an experimental study of theoretical equations developed to describe time-dependent responses of a flow-based sample-processing system that includes a well-stirred mixing chamber. It also describes an alternative approach to the sample-introduction step that improves agreement between experimental and theoretical results. The study confirms the validity of the theoretical equations for situations in which the assumptions on which they are based are met. The most serious deviations occur for situations in which chemical reactions are slow.
Public market finance for growth‐stage companies in emerging markets: The U.S. alternative IPO moves to fill the gap

Lacking from the options currently available to most growth-stage companies located in the emerging markets of the world is effective access to public finance. Unlike the United States, these companies are shut off from access to their local public markets. Fortunately a solution exists in the form of an alternative initial public offering (AIPO) onto the over-the-counter bulletin board market of the United States (OTC BB). As the name implies, an AIPO is an alternative form of listing that allows companies in emerging markets to gain access to the deepest and most liquid capital market in the world. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Indications of the Posterior Fixation Operation in Strabismus

Retroequatorial fix-tion of a rectus muscle by means of nonabsorbable scleral sutures weakens this muscle in its primary field of action without disturbing the balance with its antagonist in other positions of gaze. This procedure has been employed in patients with dissociated vertical deviations, nystagmus compensation (blockage) syndrome, double-elevator paresis, nonaccommodative convergence excess, and Duane's retraction syndrome. Complications were not encountered, but the operation was ineffective in some patients and reoperation became necessary.
Pliny the Elder's Silphium: First Recorded Species Extinction

In a recent book Stuart Pimm (2001) asks, "When is a species extinct?" He describes, after a 2-year search, finding three remaining individuals of the Hawaiian bird the po'ouli (Melamprosops phaeosoma). The likelihood that the species still exists today must be nearly zero. By documenting the extinction of species, we sketch the human footprint on the natural landscape. The question of how many species extinctions have gone unnoticed in human history is unanswerable. Yet the past may shed light on the present, on what in our behavior has changed and what hasn't. In his Natural History, published in A.D. 77, Pliny the Elder discusses at some length a "remarkably important plant" called silphium (Rackham 1950). Laser, which is the resin derived from this plant, Pliny describes as "among the most precious gifts presented to us by nature." Other names for silphium are the Greek silphion, laserwort, and laserpithecum (sometimes laserpitium). Pliny cites what he calls "the most trustworthy of the Greek writers," presumably Theophrastus, as stating that the plant was first discovered after a "black rain" showered down on the Gardens of the Hesperides and Syrtis (Cyrenaica, our Libya) in the year 136 of the Roman calendar (617 B.C.) He describes silphium as then spreading throughout the region and growing luxuriantly as an obstinate weed. Although Theophrastus (Hort 1968) agreed that silphium once grew throughout most of Cyrenaica, it grew most profusely in a region of that country known as the silphiofera, near the Gulf of Syrtis. There, where the plateaus along the Mediterranean coast rise as tiered highlands that receive considerably more rainfall than the deserts to the south, silphium thrived in a region of hilly and forested meadows. Although it is not possible to identify the exact plant species of which Pliny speaks, his description makes it clear that Roman silphium was not related to plants of
GlutathioneS-Transferase-Mediated Mutagenicity of Trihalomethanes inSalmonella typhimurium:Contrasting Results with Bromodichloromethane and Chloroform

Trihalomethanes (THMs) are the most prevalent disinfection by-products identified in chlorinated drinking water. Among the THMs, chloroform (CHCl3) generally occurs at the highest concentration in finished water, but the concentrations of each of the brominated THMs (CHBrCl2, CHBr2Cl, and CHBr3) can exceed that of CHCl3. Each of these four THMs was carcinogenic in rodents in chronic oral dosing studies. This study assessed THM mutagenicity in a strain ofSalmonella typhimuriumTA1535 that was transfected with rat theta-class glutathioneS-transferase T1-1 (+GST). The +GST strain and its nontransfected parent strain (−GST) were employed in a plate-incorporation assay and exposed for 24 hr to the vapor of individual THMs at concentrations up to 25,600 ppm in sealed Tedlar bags. Base-substitution revertants were produced in the +GST strain in a dose-dependent fashion by CHBrCl2but not by CHCl3. At 4800 ppm CHBrCl2, which produced a calculated agar concentration of 0.67 mm, there were 419 ± 75 revertants per plate compared to a spontaneous level of 23 ± 5. CHCl3produced a doubling of revertants only at the two highest concentrations tested (19,200 and 25,600 ppm). These results indicate that bromination of THMs confers the capability for theta-class GST-mediated transformation to mutagenic intermediates at low substrate concentrations, suggesting the possibility of a similar activation route in humans. Further, the very low affinity of the GSH-dependent pathway for CHCl3demonstrates that different THMs can induce adverse effects via different mechanisms, indicating that risk evaluations of THMs should not treat members of this class as if they shared a common mode of action.
Infrastructure in the electric sense: admittance data from shark hydrogels

Elasmobranchs (sharks, skates, and rays) possess an electrosensory system with an infrastructure of canals connecting the electrosensors to the environment. The electrosensors and canals are filled with a uniform hydrogel, but the gel’s function has not yet been determined. We present electrical admittance spectra collected from the hydrogel from 0.05 to 100 kHz, covering the effective range of the electrosensors. We have taken samples of this gel, postmortem, from Triaenodon obesus and Carcharodon carcharias; for purposes of comparison, we have synthesized a series of collagen-based hydrogel samples. The shark hydrogels demonstrate suppressed admittance when compared to both seawater and collagen gels. In particular, collagen hydrogels with equivalent ion concentrations are roughly 2.5 times more polarizable than the shark samples. We conclude that the shark hydrogels strongly localize ionic species, and we discuss the implications for the related roles of the gel and the canals in the electric sense. The gel-filled canals appear better suited to fostering voltage differences along their length than to providing direct electrical contact to the seawater environment.
Risk Factors for Hip Problems Among Assembly Plant Workers

Objective The objective of this study was to determine the relative contributions of work activity (time spent standing, walking or sitting), floor surface characteristics, weight, BMI, age, foot biomechanics, and other demographic and medical history factors to the prevalence of hip disorders. Methods A cross-sectional observational study design was used to engine assembly plant workers. The main outcome measure was the finding of a hip disorder. The independent variables included baseline demographics, medical history, ergonomic exposures, psychosocial factors, shoe characteristics and foot biomechanics. Results Logistic regression revealed that increasing age, female gender, pes planus, smoking, history of a knee or hip injury, and a history of rheumatoid arthritis were significant risk factors while time on carpeted surfaces was protective. Conclusions Hip disorders are associated with a history of biomechanical trauma to the hip but also from gait abnormalities such as pes planus.
TU-C-351-06: Comparison of Multiple 3D-3D Anatomy-Based Rigid Image Registration Methods for Prostate Patient Setup Before External-Beam Radiotherapy

Purpose: To assess the variability in translational setup corrections computed via several different 3D to 3D rigid registration methods and conditions using only the image intensity information. Method and Materials: Fifteen pairs of male pelvic CTs were rigidly registered using multiple registration metrics, methods, and image content. Similarity was measured using mutual information and mean‐squared‐difference. The registrations were iterated using two different search algorithms. The effect of image resolution was observed by downsampling in each slice by factors of 2 and 4. The effects of image content were observed by using the entire image and then using only bony landmarks in the similarity measures. The uncertainty associated with the choice of source and target images was revealed by switching the roles of the two registered images. For each image pair the translational shifts for all the registration methods and conditions were compiled and the standard deviation around the mean shifts was computed. Results: Reversibility errors ranged from 0 to 1.8 mm for the various algorithms and conditions. The radial standard deviation of the various methods and conditions was 0.8 mm when the entire image was registered and 0.3 mm when only bony landmarks were used. Downsampling by a factor of 2 improved robustness with only a small loss in precision. Mutual information failed in nearly all cases when the images were thresholded to isolate bony features. Conclusion: Rigid image registrations have an intrinsic uncertainty that depends on the algorithm, the resolution of the images, and the features used to establish rigid congruence. Registration uncertainty should be accounted for in planning margins and patient setup procedures. In the absence of an absolute ground truth test of registration accuracy, the standard deviation in the shifts calculated by several different methods provides a useful estimate of that uncertainty. Supported in part by NIH P01CA116602.
High-productivity immersion scanner enabling 1xnm hp manufacturing

NSR-S622D, Nikon’s new ArF immersion scanner, provides the best and practicable solutions to meet the escalating requirement from device manufactures to accommodate the further miniaturization of device pattern. NSR-S622D has various additional functions compared to the previous model such as the newly developed illumination system, new projection lens, new AF system new wafer table in addition to the matured Streamlign platform. These new features will derive the outstanding performance of NSR, enabling highly controlled CD uniformity, focus accuracy and overlay accuracy. NSR-S622D will provide the adequate capabilities that are demanded from a lithography tool for production of 1x nm hp node and beyond.
Using depository exchange lists as collection development tools

Purpose – This paper seeks to highlight the benefits of using depository exchange lists as collection development tools.Design/methodology/approach – The authors provide a general overview of depository collection development and analyze exchange list activity at the national and local level.Findings – Although exchange lists are widely available electronically, only a small portion of depository libraries actually use them as found in the analysis of exchange list activity at the national level. Many unique and out of print documents are regularly being offered on the lists.Originality/value – This paper provides information on an area of government documents and collection development librarianship that is not widely covered in the literature. It highlights the use of exchange lists as a way to increase collections at a relatively low cost.
A Peek Through the Lens of the Competing Values Framework: What Managers Communicate and How

This study is an attempt to correlate the message orientations developed by Rogers and Hildebrandt (1993) with what managers actually address in downward communication, not only how they say it. Specifically the study is aimed at (a) confirming the path between the four message orientations and the quadrants of the Competing Values Framework (CVF), (b) demonstrating what managers address across hierarchical levels, and (c) showing preliminary evidence of the shift in emphasis from upper CVF quadrants to lower CVF quadrants in both message orientations and types of messages delivered during changing organizational conditions. Data obtained from a sample of managers with different demographic characteristics were converted into a LISREL compatible format and analyzed using covariance and asymptotic matrices, as recommended by Joreskog (2002). Our findings of the existence of four message orientations not only match the CVF quadrants but also align similarly in a multidimensional scaling model. The model fit...
An olefin polyanion equivalent: A new olefin synthesis from triflones

α-Trifyl-dimethylsulfone (CF3SO2CH2SO2CH3) is a reagent which allows successive polyalkylation of the two carbons with regiocontrol. The polyalkylated trifyl-sulfone then undergoes a Ramberg-Backlund reaction with loss of triflinate anion and extrusion of SO2 to form an olefin. In synthetic terms the net structural change is equivalent to regiospecific alkylation of an olefin polyanion, =CC=.
A process for instituting best practice in the intensive care unit

Goals of health care are patient safety and quality patient outcomes. Evidence based practice (EBP) is viewed as a tool to achieve these goals. Health care providers strive to base practice on evidence, but the literature identifies numerous challenges to implementing and sustaining EBP in nursing. An initial focus is developing an organizational culture that supports the process for nursing and EBP. An innovative strategy to promote a culture of EBP was implemented in a tertiary center with 152 critical care beds and numerous specialty units with diverse patient populations. A multi-disciplinary committee was developed with the goal to use evidence to improve the care in the critical care population. EBP projects were identified from a literature review. This innovative approach resulted in improved patient outcomes and also provided a method to educate staff on EBP. The committee members have become advocates for EBP and serve as innovators for change to incorporate evidence into decision making for patient care on their units.
Organizational effects of training: Aggregation and transformation

Abstract The article presents and discusses an analytical framework aimed at the study of aggregation and transformation of individual outcomes from personnel training into organizational effects of first and second order. The focus is set on possible interlinkages between outcomes on the level of employees and the level of firms. The potential usefulness of the framework is illustrated by discussions of how concrete individual outcomes may be aggregated and later transformed into organizational resources as well as dysfunctional effects.
RETINOIC ACID AND THYROID HORMONE MAY FUNCTION THROUGH SIMILAR AND COMPETITIVE PATHWAYS IN REGENERATING AXOLOTLS

The objective of this study was to determine whether thyroid hormone (TH) would interfere with retinoic acid (RA), which proximalizes axolotl larvae regenerate limb pattern. RA and TH are ligands for members of the steroid hormone thyroid hormone nuclear binding protein superfamily which form functional homodimers, but may also form stable heterodimers with the RXR protein and may recognize identical DNA sequences. TH alone does not affect limb pattern but induces metamorphosis in regenerating animals. Coinjected animals do not metamorphose, and when compared to RA controls regenerate more proximal and in some cases anteroposterior (AP) and dorsoventral (DV) duplicate limb structures. In addition, the tissues that are normally lost or changed during metamorphosis appear to be sensitized resulting in the formation of (1) new dorsal gill lamellae accompanied by bifurcation and broadening of the original gill lamellae, (2) partial resorption of the tail fin, and (3) changes in eye position and snout morphology. Bifurcation of gill lamellae tips, but not the formation of supernumerary gills, is also observed in animals treated with RA alone. These results indicate that the molecular mechanism of RA and TH function through similar and perhaps competitive pathways.
Overview of the problem of infections in the immunocompromised host

The term immunocompromised is imprecise and, in its broadest usage, could include, among others, the elderly, post-operative patients, and patients with diabetes or cancer. Even when used in a more restrictive manner, it is important to recognize that there are many components incorporated into the system of host defense mechanisms. Deficiencies in different components may make the host susceptible to quite different infectious complications. Table I lists diseases and therapeutic measures that are associated with alterations in host defense mechanisms. Each specific defect predisposes to specific predominant infectious complications. For example, patients who are unable to produce normal immunoglobulins are more susceptible to gram-positive coccal infections, whereas patients with impaired cellular immunity are more susceptible to intracellular pathogens. Therefore, it is important to identify the specific impairment in host defense mechanisms in order to recognize those organisms that are most likely to cause infection. Neutropenia probably is the most common and most important factor predisposing to infection. It is the major defect in host defense mechanisms in patients with acute leukemia and in patients during the early stages after bone marrow transplantation. Moreover, neutropenia is a frequent additional factor predisposing to infection in patients with other deficiencies in host defense mechanisms. For example, patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia may have hypogammaglobulinemia as their only deficiency during the early stages of their disease, but neutropenia emerges as the predominant deficiency in the advanced stages of this disease. The major factor predisposing patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome to infection is impaired lymphocyte function, but
State variables for modelling physical aspects of articular cartilage

Abstract Deformation in soft biological connective tissue is intimately coupled to interstitial fluid movement, tissue solute concentration, and electrical fields. The role of deformation and of the associated electrical and chemical gradients in connective tissue physiology is currently unknown, and is of major interest in the study of growth, healing, and remodelling in the tissue. A quantitative study aimed at assessing relevant physiologic effects in connective tissue awaits accurate physical analysis. This paper reviews the available poroelasticity formulations with specific emphasis on establishing physically relevant continuum variables and on methods for including coupling between electrical or chemical gradients and deformations, then proposes a new set of state variables useful for engineering analysis of the tissue. Since solid and fluid components intermingle on a molecular scale, phase boundaries do not exist and thus a porosity cannot be defined. Further, in a material which includes fixed charge groups, which must be balanced by mobile species to maintain electroneutrality, the physics inside the tissue are not amenable to standard analysis. Relevant continuum state variables can be defined relative to a reference medium, however. The chemical, electrical, and mass transfer potentials of a differential element are defined by the potentials of a medium into which an excised differential element can be immersed at constant strain without transferring energy. Given this new definition of state variables, an energy differential is written, and a new incremental equation of state is derived based on a definition of coenergy.
Chloroplast movement in Alocasia macrorrhiza

Chloroplast movements in a rainforest understory plant Alocasia macrorrhiza (L.) G. Don are striking, creating changes in leaf transmittance that are visible to the naked eye. We have characterized the light requirements for these changes and the resulting changes in light penetration to different cell layers within the leaf and through the entire thickness of the leaf. Plants were grown either in a relatively constant, growth-chamber environment or in a variable, greenhouse environment. Irradiance-response curves for chloroplast movement were the same for both groups of plants, saturating at about 1000 μmol m -2 s -1 , though only the greenhouse-grown plants normally encountered light sufficient to drive the movement. Chloroplast movement caused changes in whole-leaf transmittance on the order of a few percent across the entire visible spectrum. Transmittance changes were larger within the leaf, especially directly under the palisade layer. Chloroplast movement could be manipulated experimentally by removing blue wavelengths from the spectrum of incident light or by treating with cytochalasin D.
Continuous solidification of YBa2Cu3O7−x by isothermal undercooling

Abstract Growth kinetics and microstructural development of single crystal YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7− x (Y123) superconductors, prepared by a melt texturing method under isothermal undercooling conditions, were investigated. At small undercooling, Δ T = 6 K, the initial growth of Y123 crystal was terminated at a size of ∼8 mm × 8 mm in the semisolid phase before the entire sample was fully solidified through the peritectic reaction. With incremental increase of Δ T , the growth of the crystal continued so that the whole sample (22 mm diameter and 8 mm thickness) solidified as a single crystal. Termination of the crystal growth at a given undercooling temperature was attributed to the coarsening process of Y211 particles in the melt associated with their surface energy contributions. Isothermal growth of large size Y123 single crystal requires a continuous supply of Y solute to the solidification interface which can be achieved by continuing dissolution of coarsening Y211 particles through further undercooling of the melt.
The structure of shock-waves in gas mixtures

The structure of shock-waves in gas mixtures is studied. The separation of component velocities and temperatures is described. Velocity overshoot is never found to exist. Other effects, namely, temperature overshoot and undershoot and velocity undershoot are shown to exist in a manner which is self-consistent with the derivation of the governing equations.
Histidine-132 does not stabilize a distal water ligand and is not an important residue for the enzyme activity in heme oxygenase-1

Heme oxygenase is a key enzyme in the oxygen-dependent heme catabolism pathway. In order to clarify the role of highly conserved His132 in heme oxygenase isoform-1, we have prepared 30 kDa truncated rat heme oxygenase mutants in which His132 has been replaced by Ala, Gly, and Ser. The expressed recombinant mutant proteins were isolated in inclusion bodies and were recovered from the lysis pellet by dissolution in urea followed by dialysis. The solubilized fraction obtained, however, was composed of a mixture of a functional enzyme and an inactive fraction. The inactive fraction was removed by Sephadex G-75 gel filtration column chromatography, as it eluted out of the column at the void volume. The gel filtration-purified heme oxygenase mutants have spectroscopic and enzymatic properties identical to those of wild type. The hemin complex of the H132A mutant exhibits a transition between a high-spin acid form and a low-spin alkaline form with a pKa value of 7.6 identical to that in the wild-type complex. These results demonstrate that His132 in heme oxygenase does not link to the coordinated water molecule and is not an essential residue for the enzyme activity. These results are in accordance with our previous preliminary results [Ito-Maki, M., Ishikawa, K., Mansfield Matera, K., Sato, M., Ikeda-Saito, M., & Yoshida, T. (1995) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 317, 253-258] but contradict a recent report that His132 is the distal base linked to the coordinated water molecule and an important residue for enzyme catalysis [Wilks, A., Ortiz de Montellano, P. R., Sun, J., & Loehr, T. M. (1996) Biochemistry 35, 930-936]. Prolonged storage of the solubilized fraction from the inclusion bodies of the mutants, H132S in particular, results in an increase in the void volume fraction with a concomitant decrease of the 30 kDa fraction. We infer that His132 plays a structural role in stabilization of the heme oxygenase protein.
Recruitment and Stabilization of Brain Activation Within a Working Memory Task; an fMRI Study

Seventeen subjects underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) performing a 2-Back verbal working memory (VWM) task alternating with a control task to characterize the temporal dynamics of the specific brain regions involved in VWM. Serial sampling of 2-Back sub-blocks revealed many small areas of activation that grew and merged over time. Significant temporal effects for volume recruitment were seen in specific brain regions known to be involved in VWM, including the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal (DLPFC), medial frontal (MFC), posterior parietal (PPC) cortices and also some extra-cortical and subcortical regions of interest (ROIs). Signal intensity increased over time in most ROIs recruited early in the task, including the DLPFC, MFC, and PPC but excluding dorsal premotor areas. MFC intensity increased rapidly then stabilized with time. The uniqueness of the MFC response raises the possibility that it drives the recruitment process. Increases in intensity and volume were associated with worsening VWM performance over time, suggesting that recruitment of brain resources is necessary in attempting to sustain difficult tasks. Worsening of performance over sub-blocks despite stable task demands reinforces this temporal “load effect”.
Congenital hereditary fructose intolerance and pregnancy.

Summary Congenital hereditary fructose intolerance is associated with the inability to tolerate fructose and carbohydrates, which are converted into fructose. We describe management of a pregnancy complicated by this disease in the mother and its implications for the neonate. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 1989;160:362-3.)
Female Genital Tract Papillomavirus in Conjunctival Papillomas of Infancy

Purpose To show the association between conjunctival papillomas present during infancy and maternal infection with human papillomavirus. Method Case report of conjunctival papillomas occurring in an infant born to a mother with a human papillomavirus infection of the vulva during pregnancy. Result The infant developed conjunctival papillomas caused by human papillomavirus of the female genital tract. Conclusions Conjunctival papillomas present during infancy may be caused by vertical transmission of the human papillomavirus from mother to infant during delivery. Mothers of infants with conjunctival papillomas should be examined for diseases associated with human papillomavirus.
Recovery from Stuttering in a Junior and Senior High School Population.

Recovery from stuttering was studied in the Tuscaloosa, Alabama junior and senior high schools. Of 5054 students interviewed, 119 active stutterers were observed and another 68 students reported re...
Cytomegalovirus infection in cancer patients receiving granulocyte transfusions.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection still has a high mortality rate especially if one develops pneumonia.[1][1] [2][2] Although studies have shown the relationship between leukocytes in blood products and the risk of transfusion-acquired infection, we suggest that the risk of granulocyte transfusion–
Photocatalyzed Oxidation of SO32- by Co(dimeth- ylglyoximato)(SO3)23- and Its {Co(dimethylglyox- imato)(SO3)23-, Cu(2,6-Me2pyo[14]-1,4,6-triene- 1,4,7,11,N4)2+} Adduct

The photochemical properties of Co(DMG)2(SO3)23- (DMG = dimethylglyoximato) were investigated in steady state (λexc = 365 nm) and laser flash (λexc = 365 nm) photolyses. Photoaquation and photooxid...
Evaluation of PGAS Communication Paradigms with Geometric Multigrid

Partitioned Global Address Space (PGAS) languages and one-sided communication enable application developers to select the communication paradigm that balances the performance needs of applications with the productivity desires of programmers. In this paper, we evaluate three different one-sided communication paradigms in the context of geometric multigrid using the miniGMG benchmark. Although miniGMG's static, regular, and predictable communication does not exploit the ultimate potential of PGAS models, multigrid solvers appear in many contemporary applications and represent one of the most important communication patterns. We use UPC++, a PGAS extension of C++, as the vehicle for our evaluation, though our work is applicable to any of the existing PGAS languages and models. We compare performance with the highly tuned MPI baseline, and the results indicate that the most promising approach towards achieving performance and ease of programming is to use high-level abstractions, such as the multidimensional arrays provided by UPC++, that hide data aggregation and messaging in the runtime library.
Corn residue age and placement effects on evaporation and soil thermal regime

Differentiation between tillage- and residue-induced effects on soil moisture and thermal regimes is necessary to improve residue management practices. The objective of this research was to quantify the influence of corn (Zea mays L.) residue age and placement on evaporation from and heat flow in two soils. Soil temperature, thermal conductivity, heat flux, and moisture content were monitored in duplicate monoliths (0.45 [length] by 0.35 [width] by 0.5 [height] m) of Nicollet loam (fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Aquic Hapludoll) and Monona silt loam (fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludoll) in a controlled environment chamber. Mass changes of one monolith of each soil were measured with load cells to estimate evaporation. Surface cover types consisted of a bare soil surface (B), fresh residue (F), weathered residue (W), and weathered residue with a 0.15-m-wide bare strip (S). Bare-soil evaporation averaged 9.97 ± 0.66 mm for both soils during a 96-h period and was reduced to an average of 5.76 ± 0.70 mm with residue cover. Nicollet soil with weathered residue had an average evaporation rate of 1.33 to 1.4 mm d -1 . By comparison, evaporation rates measured in a field having Nicollet and associated soils with weathered corn residue averaged 1.37 and 1.11 mm d -1 . Residue cover had no significant effect on thermal conductivity measured at 0.15 m that averaged 1.22 and 1.35 W m -1 K -1 for the Nicollet and Monona soils, respectively. Phase shift in soil temperature and average daily conductive soil heat flux were similar for field and chamber measurements but the amplitude of the soil temperature wave and conductive soil heat flux were much greater in the field.
New families of graphs that have α-labelings

We give several new families of graphs that have ?-labelings. We also present some evidence to support the conjecture that every bipartite graph G eventually has an ?-labeling.
Comparison of Sodium and Sodium/Potassium Salt Mixtures in Processed Vegetables

Green beans and torn were heat processed with different concentrations of a salt mixture as a sodium chloride (NaCl) substitute. The sodium (Na) and potassium (K) concentrations of the finished product were deter mined as well as the flavor desirability by an untrained panel. Certain levels of the salt mixture were judged not significantly different in desirability from the reference which contained 1.5% NaCl. The use of an equal mixture of NaCl and KCl was effective in improving the Na/K ratio.
Relationship of bacteremia to toothbrushing in patients with periodontitis.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the occurrence of bacteremia after tooth- and gingival brushing. Conventional aerobic culture methods were used, as well as prereduced anaerobic culture methods with a new adaptation of anaerobic agar culture medium to quantitate anaerobic bacteria in blood samples. Thirty patients with periodontitis were selected for the brushing study. As a base-line study, nine patients who were having extractions participated. Bacteria found in cultures of blood samples taken from the brushing group were compared with the bacteria found in cultures of samples taken from the extraction group. Bacteremia was found in five of the 30 individuals after brushing and in all nine patients after extractions. No microorganisms were detected in the prebrushing or presurgical blood culture control samples. The results indicate that the incidence of bacteremia after brushing in patients with periodontitis may be of serious consideration in the management of high-risk patients such as those with a history of rheumatic fever or congenital cardiac defects, or those who have intracardiac and vascular prostheses.
Visible shorelines containing at least k vertices

Let C be a two-dimensional convex polygon in the plane, \( S \subseteq {Bbb R}^2 \setminus C \), and let f be a function defined on the natural numbers by f(1) = 5, f(2) = 4, and f(k) = 3 for \( k \ge 3 \). For k fixed, \( k \ge 1 \), all points of S see at least k common vertices of C via the complement of S if and only if every f(k) points of S see at least k common vertices of C via the complement of S. For each k, the corresponding number f(k) is best possible.
Dysprosium-substitution induced changes in the structure and optical properties of nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4) thin films

Abstract Dysprosium (Dy) substituted nickel-ferrite (NiFe 1.925 Dy 0.075 O 4 ) thin films were fabricated using sputter-deposition and their structural and optical properties were investigated. The grain-size ( L ) and lattice-expansion effects are significant on the optical properties of NiFe 1.925 Dy 0.075 O 4 films. As-grown NiFe 1.925 Dy 0.075 O 4 films were amorphous. Air annealing ( T a ) at 450–1000 °C results in the formation of nanocrystalline NiFe 1.925 Dy 0.075 O 4 films, which crystallize in the inverse spinel structure, with L = 5–40 nm. Lattice constant of NiFe 1.925 Dy 0.075 O 4 increases compared NiFe 2 O 4 due to Dy-substitution at the Fe-site. Band gap increases from 3.17 to 4.08 eV for NiFe 1.925 Dy 0.075 O 4 films with increasing T a from 450 to 1000 °C. A correlation between structure and optical properties in NiFe 1.925 Dy 0.075 O 4 thin films is established.
Reduced spatial side lobes in chemical-shift imaging.

Density-weighted k-space sampling with spiral trajectories is used to reduce spatial side lobes in chemical-shift imaging (CSI). In this method, more time is spent collecting data at the center of k space and less time at the edges of k space in order to make the sampling density proportional to a given apodization function, subject to constraints imposed by gradient performance and Nyquist sampling. The efficient k-space coverage of spiral-based trajectories enables good control over the sampling density within practical in vivo scan times. The density-weighted acquisition is compared to a conventional, nonweighted spiral sampling without the application of a window function. For a fixed voxel size and imaging time, the noise variance is observed to be the same for both cases, while spatial side lobes are greatly reduced with the variable-density sampling. This method is demonstrated on a normal volunteer by imaging of brain metabolites at 1.5 T with both single slice CSI and volumetric CSI. Magn Reson Med 42:314-323, 1999.
Supplementary notes on American Labiatae-VII

Notes on the taxonomy and distribution of various species of Labiatae of Mexico, and Central and South America, are presented, as part of a continuing series of supplements to the authors’ earlier monographs. Eight new species are described in the generaHyptis, Salvia, Satureja, andScutellaria. Two new combinations are made, one each inHarlanlewisia andSatureja. A key and revision are given for the six species ofLepechinia sect.Parviflorae.
CommenTV: A time-sensitive social commenting system for audiovisual content

CommenTV enables users to share their comments in parallel with time-based content. CommenTV utilizes existing web technologies to enhance current TV or video player solutions with a new type of comment system. CommenTV is able to take and display texts, images, and related videos as social comments. In this way, the CommenTV users can experience audiovisual content that blends with their social networks by sharing comments. Ultimately, CommenTV can be a social bookmarking system for audiovisual content that informs content creators about how viewers perceive their content and lets viewers participate in creating a more social content.
A descriptive multi-attribute utility model for everyday decisions

We propose a descriptive version of the classical multi-attribute utility model; to that end, we add a new parameter, momentary salience, to the customary formulation. The addition of this parameter allows the theory to accommodate changes in the decision maker’s mood and circumstances, as the saliencies of anticipated consequences are driven by concerns of the moment. By allowing for the number of consequences given attention at the moment of decision to vary, the new model mutes the criticism that SEU models call for an omniscient decision maker. Use of the model is illustrated with a large-scale longitudinal study showing that adolescent smokers have higher utility for smoking than nonsmokers. We also propose to use the model hierarchically to describe everyday decisions that people deal with repeatedly. Big decisions, which set policy, guide a host of nested little decisions, which in turn lead to action. For a little decision, one of the options will be consistent with the policy, and will inherit its high utility. Accordingly, most little decisions will be made quickly and will follow the policy. However, people do sometimes decide to violate their own policies, and we describe how these lapses can lead to collapse of the policy.
Temperature soundings with partially scanned interferograms

The information contained in a complete interferogram and in a spectra are equivalent, but within a portion of an interferogram the two contain different information and cannot be directly compared. The partial interferogram provides information about particular types of structure within the spectra and may be better suited to a particular task than the spectra which contains much information of no value to the particular task. The advantages of partially scanned interferograms for remote soundings of atmospheric temperature are discussed, and several examples are given. These suggest that partially scanned interferograms can provide more detailed and versatile information than the presently used techniques. In particular, they seem able to cope with the temperatures near the ground and temperature inversions.
Identification of Water-Soluble Heavy Crude Oil Organic-Acids, Bases, and Neutrals by Electrospray Ionization and Field Desorption Ionization Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry

We identify water-soluble (23 °C) crude oil NSO nonvolatile acidic, basic, and neutral crude oil hydrocarbons by negative-ion ESI and continuous flow FD FT-ICR MS at an average mass resolving power, m/Δm50% = 550 000. Of the 7000+ singly charged acidic species identified in South American crude oil, surprisingly, many are water-soluble, and much more so in pure water than in seawater. The truncated m/z distributions for water-soluble components exhibit preferential molecular weight, size, and heteroatom class influences on hydrocarbon solubility. Acidic water-soluble heteroatomic classes detected at >1% relative abundance include O, O2, O3, O4, OS, O2S, O3S, O4S, NO2, NO3, and NO4. Parent oil class abundance does not directly relate to abundance in the water-soluble fraction. Acidic oxygen-containing classes are most prevalent in the water-solubles, whereas acidic nitrogen-containing species are least soluble. In contrast to acidic nitrogen-containing heteroatomic classes, basic nitrogen classes are water...
Low Cost Method for Localized Packaging of Temperature Sensitive Capacitive RF MEMS Switches in Liquid Crystal Polymer

This work demonstrates a low cost localized heating packaging method on liquid crystal polymer (LCP) for temperature sensitive devices such as the capacitive RF MEMS switch. Simulations of the heating element structures are performed to examine the thermal characteristics of the bonded regions and switch. Heating lines are fabricated on LCP using the copper cladding, requiring only one photolithography and etch step. The MEMS cavity is formed with two 1 mil layers of low-temp LCP that are etched with a CO2 laser system. The layers are bonded with localized-heating by passing 7 A of DC current through the heating element while compressing the 4 layers together. The bonded switch is submerged in 60degC water for 24 hours to test seal quality. Before and after measurements are shown, providing evidence of a successful bond.
Reproducing kernels and the use of root loci of specific functions in the recovery of signals from nonuniform samples

Abstract The scope of the sampling expansion and the reproducing kernel approaches in the recovery of signals from nonuniform samples is extended to transform domains other than the Fourier transform domain. The extension is achieved through the direct application of Kramer's generalized sampling theorem. This application produces sampling expansions related to reproducing kernels corresponding to signal spaces generated from discrete integral transformations. The coefficients of the sampling expansions are samples centered at the roots of specific functions, and, consequently, the root distribution plays a part in the reconstruction from nonuniform samples, as well as in other applications. The concept of a signal with finite support on a discrete set of points is presented as the discrete counterpart to the concept of a bandlimited signal in the Fourier transform domain.
Introduction to Integrative Primary Care: The Health-Oriented Clinic

Integrative medicine is healing-oriented medicine that accounts for the whole person (body, mind, and spirit), including all aspects of lifestyle. Integrative medicine emphasizes the therapeutic relationship and makes use of all appropriate therapies, both conventional and alternative. This article describes ways to bring the integrative perspective into primary care practice. Several approaches are described, including some that are routinely used in the authors' practice. Changes in practice philosophy that can (1) help inform primary care redesign, (2) facilitate the creation of patient-centered medical homes, (3) strengthen provider-patient relationships, and (4) enhance patient satisfaction are also provided.
German-Speaking Entrepreneurs: Builders of Business in Brazil

German-speaking immigrants who left Europe between 1890 and 1975 for Brazil's southern states - Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina and Parana - contributed far out of proportion to their percentage in the population to development and modernization of Brazil's agriculture, business and small-scale industry. They functioned as agents of change, as entrepreneurs willing to assume great risks, thus becoming a decisive factor in Brazil's industrial development.
Compact-Friendly Multiplication Operators on Banach Function Spaces

Abstract Answering a question posed by Abramovich et al. (Indag. Math.(N.S.)10 (1999), 161–171, we prove that a positive multiplication operator on an arbitrary Banach function space X is compact-friendly if and only if the multiplier is constant on a set of positive measure.