cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Young and Old Adults' Ability To Use Different Standards To Evaluate Understanding

In Experiment 1 we examined young (mean age = 22.88 years) and old (mean age = 70.79 years) adults' ability to evaluate their understanding of texts. We examined ability to detect nonsense words (a lexical standard), violations of prior knowledge (an external consistency standard), and inconsistent sentences (an internal consistency standard) that were nonadjacent in texts. Adults with more education detected more problems than less educated adults, and older adults were less able than young to use an internal consistency standard. No age differences were found for lexical and external consistency standards. In Experiment 2, older adults' (mean age = 71.02 years) ability to use an internal consistency standard of evaluation was affected by the amount of material intervening between inconsistent sentences, with hindered performance for nonadjacent inconsistencies. This was not true for younger adults (mean age = 22.59 years). Results are discussed in terms of older adults' possible retrieval difficulty and failure to regulate comprehension.
Preliminary results of an ornithological exploration of the islands of Vitiaz and Dampier Straits, Papua New Guinea

The avifaunas of all major islands and many small islands in Vitiaz and Dampier Straits, Papua New Guinea, were surveyed in 1972. Marsh and waterbirds found at Lake Buan and the crater lakes of Umboi included Egretta intermedia, Dendocygna arcuata, Dendrocygna guttata and Himantopus himantopus. Bismarck endemic species of restricted distribution occurring in the mountains of Umboi were Henicophaps foersteri, Ducula melanochroa, Zoothera talaseae, Rhipidura dahli and Zosterops hyporantha. Other records of interest are the first record of Anas acuta for the New Guinean region; Accipiter luteoschistaceus, Accipter meyerianus and Phylloscopus trivirgatus on Umboi; Falco berigora and Numenius madagascariensis on Long; Turdus poliocephalus in the mountains of Tolokiwa; and Erythrura trichroa in the mountains of four islands. Pachycephala pectoralis and Pachycephala rnelanura dahli were taken in the same net-line on Tolokiwa, confirming that they are separate species. Black myzomelid populations of the Bismarcks, such as pammelaena. amear to be related to the myzomelid superspecies of the Solomon Islands, not to Myzornela nigrita.
An artificial neural network-based peak demand and system loss forecasting system and its effect on demand response programs

This paper describes a Neural Network application to reduce the computational complexities in a smart grid environment by predicting peak demand and losses for the next operating day. Mitigating peak demands and losses could significantly reduce outage risks and increase costs savings, hence improving the reliability and efficiency of Electrical Service Providers (ESPs).
Cuándo y en quién hacer diagnóstico temprano de enfermedad

Screening programs may seem useful and effective. However, in many cases the benefit is not clear and may actually do more harm than good. Each time a clinician asks for an early diagnostic test, the scientific evidence and the attributed risks need to be defined. The effectiveness of any early diagnosis test relies on the characteristics of the test itself, the disease to be ruled-out, and the side effects of the test. Such effects may be physical and emotional and the outcomes may be against the well being of the patient. In general, if an early diagnostic test does not lead to improvement in the survival and/or morbidity of patients, its utilization is not justified.
cDNA Arrays in Alcohol-Related Pathology: Methods and Approaches

This chapter reviews aspects of technologies and experimental design in transcriptomics. To better understand alcohol abuse and alcoholism, two key genetic elements prove to be important, these concepts suggest that: (1) genetic predispositions can place an individual at a risk for abuse and addiction. (2) There are genomic responses to chronic alcohol administration that contribute to clinical issues of tolerance, dependence (physical and psychological), and withdrawal. Aspects of both of these issues can involve altered levels of the messenger ribonucleic acid. That is, two individuals might express different levels of the same gene, thus placing one at a unique risk for developing alcoholism. Alternatively, chronic ethanol exposure will itself engender changes in the normal patterns of gene expression and create a new physiological state. The efficient, high screening of differences in the gene expression is the purview of the DNA array and constitutes the central technological feature of the new field of transcriptomics. This technology, while powerful, requires significant attention to detail, and considerable technical expertise.
Maintenance and fabrication at Fort Pentagoet 1635–1654 products of an Acadian armorer’s workshop

From 1635 to 1654, Fort Pentagoet defended private commercial investments in Acadia against English enemies and French rivals. The extensive refuse associated with the armorer’s workshop shows evidence of highly diversified maintenance and fabrication covering a wide variety of technologies. Competence in complex forge related work is apparent, particularly in gunsmithing. Gunspalls were regularly and expertly made here although they were later replaced by ready-made blade-type gunflints. Requiring less sophistication was the salvage of scrap copper, brass and other materials, which were remanufactured into various makeshift everyday objects and trade items. The services provided by Pentagoet to the aboriginal population in support of the fur trade became crucial to Indian survival. The elimination of these services with the destruction of Fort Pentagoet in 1674 is suggested to have been a major factor in the spread of “King Philip’s War” to Maine in 1676.
Expanding Conceptualizations of Work/Life in Higher Education: Looking Outside the Academy to Develop a Better Understanding Within

Over the last two decades, work/life balance has come to occupy an increasingly important place in the higher education literature. Research has focused on policy development and usage, demographic shifts, and cultural acceptance of faculty efforts at both the meso and macro organizational levels to maintain a balance between work and family. Research in higher education has developed alongside work/family research in other disciplines, sometimes incorporating important tenets, but leaving others out. In particular, the literature has yet to integrate new frameworks from organizational studies and psychology or adopt a critical stance promoted in the literature on gendered organizations. Additionally, faculty parents remain the primary target of work/life research, neglecting the concerns of non-parenting faculty as well as all staff and students. The purpose of this chapter is to present and critique the work/life literature in higher education, introducing literature from organizational studies and psychology to illustrate how the field has built upon research from other disciplines as well as overlooked critical areas of scholarship. The chapter concludes with a set of recommendations to push the boundaries of work/life scholarship forward to generate new insights and help create a more equitable academy for all who populate it.
SPIDER: Sizing-Priority-Based Application-Driven Memory for Mobile Video Applications

Recently, mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets have become the most important medium for delivering internet traffic, especially multimedia content, to end users. However, mobile embedded memory incurs large power consumption owing to the highly frequent access and extensive computation. This paper presents an sizing-priority-based application-driven memory (SPIDER) design methodology for low-power mobile video applications. We investigate the size dependent memory failure characteristics and effectively reduce the memory failure rate with low area overhead. Also, we develop a model for the influence of the memory failure on video output, connecting the hardware design process and application requirement. Based on this, we design the SPIDER algorithms for area-priority and quality-priority mobile video applications. During this process, we also consider the contribution of both Luma and Chroma to output quality, avoiding over-optimization issue. We also develop a hardware-based python-assisted SPIDER simulator to apply our proposed design in one leading edge video compression system, the H.264 decoder. Our simulation results in 45-nm CMOS technology show that SPIDER supports mobile videos successfully as voltage downs to 500 mV from 1 V, enabling over 70% power savings in memory arrays.
Technical Peer Review: Methods and Outcomes

Peer review is routine among physicians, nurses, and pharmacy staff yet is uncommon in the field of nuclear medicine technology. Although not a requirement of regulatory agencies, nuclear medicine technical peer review can greatly enhance the quality of patient care in both hospital and outpatient settings. To date, detailed methods for accomplishing this task have not been published. Methods: 19,688 nuclear medicine studies performed at a single institution over a 5-y period were critically reviewed. Major findings (errors with potential to change physician interpretation of the study or resulting in prescription error) and minor findings (errors without an adverse effect on study outcome or interpretation) were identified and tabulated monthly according to finding type, study type, and individual staff member. Results: The technical peer review method used at our institution provided a comprehensive means to measure the rate and types of errors. Over time, this system tracked the performance of nuclear medicine staff and students, providing feedback that led to a measurable reduction in errors. Conclusion: We present a technical peer review system based on our own experience that can be adapted by other nuclear medicine facilities to fit their needs.
Foliar Fungicide Effects on Disease Severity, Yield, and Agronomic Characteristics of Modern Winter Wheat Genotypes

Foliar diseases limit winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production in the Great Plains of the United States. Farmers often use foliar fungicide application to counter yield loss. Two-year field experiments were conducted at two locations in Nebraska to investigate the effects of foliar fungicide (Prosaro 421 SC [Bayer Crop Science, Leverkusen, Germany]: prothioconazole + tebuconazole) at the flag leaf stage on yield and agronomic characteristics of winter wheat. Foliar fungicide application increased grain yield, grain protein content, seed weight, grain volume weight, leaf greenness, and leaf area by up to 42, 1, 16, 6, 48, and 35%, respectively. Foliar fungicide at the flag leaf stage in the spring reduced disease severity (up to 84%), area under disease progress curve (up to 87%), and agronomic characteristics that resulted in economic returns of up to US$204 ha–¹ excluding the premium farmers get from increased protein. Susceptible to moderately susceptible genotypes were more responsive to foliar fungicide on controlling disease severity and improving grain yield compared to moderately resistant to resistant genotype when disease pressure was high. This study showed that the economic benefit for all genotypes obtained from improved grain yield, grain volume weight, grain protein content, and grain size due to one-time application of foliar fungicide at the flag leaf stage in winter wheat could have significant benefit to the farmer’s economy and wheat industry.
CT Videography Using an Optical Computer for Image Reconstruction

Recent advances in the technology of data acquisition for Computed Tomography have made real-time acquisition a reality. Cardiac motion can now be essentially frozen. Real-time reconstruction is not currently available and so present systems act much like a movie camera (real-time acquisition followed by a relatively long reconstruction period and finally retrospective viewing). When coupled to a reconstruction system capable of real-time reconstruction of the motion image, CT videography becomes possible. This talk will present an optical computer capable of reconstructing an image in a video frame time (30 ms). The system implements the filtered back-projection algorithm using an acousto-optic convolver and an incoherent optical back-projector. System architecture and performance will be discussed. A comparison and discussion of other technologies for real-time reconstruction will also be presented.
Velopharyngeal Dysfunction Management Algorithms

As with most aspects of cleft care, management of velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD) requires choices among different treatment modalities, technical variations within a specific modality, and timing of intervention. I have consolidated my experience, as a member of an interdisciplinary team managing VPD over the past 34 years, into a series of algorithms (Marsh Figs. 36.1, 36.2, 36.3, and 36.4). These algorithms not only guide my personal patient care decision making but have proven useful in teaching others about VPD management (Marsh 2004). This chapter presents and discusses these algorithms.
Isoniazid preventive therapy for people living with HIV: public health challenges and implementation issues.

On admet que le traitement preventif a l'isoniazide (IPT) est une composante importante des activites de collaboration sur la tuberculose (TB) et le virus de l'immunodeficience humaine (VIH) pour reduire le fardeau de la TB chez les sujets infectes par le VIH. Toutefois, au niveau du pays, peu a ete fait en vue d'une mise en œuvre de l'IPT. Cet echec a ete a la base d'un appel aux armes recent sous la banniere des « Trois I »: lutte contre l'infection pour prevenir la transmission de la TB dans les contextes de soins de sante, intensification du depistage des cas de TB et IPT. Dans cet article, nous faisons la revue du contexte de l'IPT. Nous discutons ensuite les importants defis que comporte l'IPT chez les sujets infectes par le VIH, en l'occurrence la responsabilite et la reddition de comptes pour sa mise en œuvre, l'identification de l'infection TB latente, l'exclusion d'une TB active et la prevention d'une resistance a l'isoniazide, la duree du traitement et la duree de l'efficacite protectrice. Nous mettons egalement en evidence plusieurs problemes de recherche qui restent actuellement sans reponse. Nous presentons finalement quelques suggestions pratiques sur la facon d'etendre l'IPT sur le terrain, notamment la necessite d'integration de l'IPT dans un ensemble de soins chez les sujets infectes par le VIH, la mise sur pied de projets operationnels ayant comme philosophie « apprendre par l'action », l'elaboration d'arbres de decision pour l'eligibilite a l'IPT, l'elaboration et la mise en œuvre des soins avant l'ART et finalement les problemes concernant l'obtention, la distribution, le suivi et l'evaluation. Nous insistons sur la mise en œuvre de l'IPT, mais uniquement s'il est assure de maniere sure et structuree. Le risque d'inefficience d'une IPT mal conduite est eleve et, ce qui est plus grave, elle pourrait entrainer l'apparition de TB a germes multiresistants, ce qui doit etre evite a tout prix.
Model Neurons of Bifurcation Type 3

In neuronal models of bifurcation type 2 (Chapter 14), the possibility of stable rest is abolished via a Hopf bifurcation as I rises above I c , and the possibility of stable periodic firing is abolished via a collision of the stable limit cycle with an unstable periodic orbit as I falls below I∗, with I∗ < I c . In neuronal models of bifurcation type 1 (Chapter 12), there is no distinction between I∗ and I c ; stable rest is abolished as I rises above I c , and stable periodic firing is abolished as I falls below I c .
Performing graysexuality: A segmental and prosodic analysis of three voices employed in the construction of the graysexual self

Abstract While recent work in sociophonetics has focused on the speech of gay men (Gaudio 1994; Podesva 2007; Podesva, Roberts & Campbell-Kibler 2002), lesbian women (Camp 2009; Van Borsel Vandaele & Corthals 2013), and transgender people (Zimman 2017a), the speech styles of asexual individuals remain understudied. This study analyzes an interview with a graysexual and homoromantic cisgender student at a research university in California, examining the segmental and prosodic characteristics of three voices he uses to construct and position his graysexual identity: a questioning voice, a judgmental voice, and a non-desiring voice. The analysis finds that the questioning voice is characterized by decreased speech rate, high F0, and modal phonation; the judgmental voice, by low F0; and the non-desiring voice, by low F0, narrow F0 range, low intensity, reduced gesture, flat facial expression, and a centralized vowel space. The results emphasize the importance of stylistic reticence to the construction of graysexuality.
Effect of denileukin diftitox (DD) on vaccine-induced T-cell responses and depletion of Tregs in melanoma.

3046 Background: Depletion of CD25+ Tregs improves anti-tumor immunity in preclinical models. DD is a recombinant fusion protein of hIL-2 and diptheria toxin fragment that also kills CD25+ T cells....
Pinta Pasado, Crea Futuro: a new approach for remembering the Second Republic, the Civil War, and the Franco dictatorship

The trauma wrought by fascism in Spain continues to haunt the country and spur various memory-oriented inquiries. However, the youth has not demonstrated thus far that it will continue the memory projects currently conducted mostly by the third generation, aged approximately between fifty-five and thirty-five. Activist art inspired by critical pedagogy can provide one effective framework for engaging the Spanish youth in remembrance of the Second Republic and the trauma caused by Francoism. The inspiration for Pinta Pasado, Crea Futuro was Judith Baca’s The Great Mural of Los Angeles for which she employed hundreds of marginalized youth in the late 1970’s. This project provides a framework for the Spanish youth to publicly recreate their own historical narration on the democratic achievements of the Second Republic and the crimes against humanity perpetrated by the fascist uprising, the ensuing war, and Franco’s dictatorship. While learning history in an academic setting rarely invites students to do anything with their knowledge, activist art inspired by critical pedagogy puts the youth in the saddle of transmitting history. Interacting with the past in this fashion can motivate the participants to become involved in historical memory.
Experimental Investigation of the Coupled Hydraulic and Low-Frequency Dielectric Behavior of the Arctic Permafrost Active Layer Organic Soil

In this paper, a new set of measurements is presented to investigate the relationship between the hydraulic and electromagnetic properties of the Arctic permafrost active layer soil, which includes high organic matter content. Low-frequency dielectric permittivity and the soil water matric potential have been measured for over 50 soil samples collected from northern Alaska for a full range of soil moisture value. The organic matter content is included as a new input parameter and the hydraulic properties of soil have also been taken into account. The result is a new dielectric mixing model for soils containing organic matter and surpassing the range of validity of other existing models.
Risk Factors for New Meniscal Tears following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.

This study aims to compare the rate of meniscal tears after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction in patients who have undergone concomitant meniscal repair during the index procedure with that in patients who have not undergone such surgery. It also evaluates other risk factors, such as age, gender, race, body mass index (BMI), site of concomitant meniscal surgery, and ACL graft failure. This is a retrospective study conducted at a large tertiary public hospital. Patients who underwent primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) surgery with or without concomitant meniscal repair from 2011 to 2016 were identified. Patients with old meniscal tears and previous meniscal surgeries were excluded. The aforementioned demographical, injury, and surgical details were obtained and analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Our study cohort included 754 patients. Primary ACLR surgery was performed with meniscal repair in 172 (22.8%) of the patients, with meniscectomy in 202 (26.8%) of the patients, and without concomitant meniscal surgery in 380 (50.4%) of the patients. A total of 81 (10.7%) patients developed meniscal tears after the index procedure. Such tears occurred in 12.2% (21 of 172) of the patients who had undergone concomitant meniscal repair during the index ACLR, and in 10.3% (60 of 582) of the patients who had not undergone concomitant meniscal repair (p = 0.30). On multivariate analysis, only ACL graft failure was significantly associated with new meniscal tears (p
Isolated severe tricuspid regurgitation: an unrecognised and undertreated problem of the forgotten valve

Until recently, there has been little attention paid to the treatment of tricuspid regurgitation (TR) aside from small series of patients with congenital disease or infective endocarditis. This reflects both the relative rarity of ‘primary TR’, as well as the perception that most TR was felt to be ‘secondary’ to pulmonary hypertension or a cardiomyopathic process, in which case the treatment was directed towards the underlying cause. However, there is now recognition of an increasing number of patients who present with ‘isolated’ TR. ‘Isolated TR’ is defined as the absence of primary tricuspid leaflet pathology, the absence of pulmonary hypertension and normal or near-normal left ventricular (LV) systolic function: in such cases, it is the TR itself that results in the signs and symptoms of right heart failure (HF). Such isolated TR is commonly associated with (1) chronic atrial fibrillation, (2) prior left heart surgery or (3) pacemaker device leads. Even with increased recognition of isolated TR, there is a reluctance to operate, in part due to a high reported operative mortality. Notably, despite increasing numbers of operations across the country, a high mortality rate of 10%–15% persisted in several studies.1 2 Therefore, patients are often conservatively managed or referred only at a late stage for surgery with advanced right HF and end-organ damage; and this approach has not unsurprisingly been associated with poor outcomes. In a recent cohort study from the national readmission database (2016–2017), >40% of patients who underwent isolated tricuspid valve (TV) surgery were referred late for surgery, with a fourfold higher operative mortality compared with those who had a timely referral.3 In this setting, Park et al 4 have contributed to an important observational study of 238 patients undergoing isolated TV surgery over nearly two decades at a large medical centre in South Korea. …
Diagnosis and Compensation of Control Program, Sensor and Actuator Failures in Nonlinear Systems Using Hierarchical State Space Checks

Autonomous systems with nonlinear dynamics need to be extremely resilient to errors in sensors, actuators and on-board electronics for the purpose of overall vehicle safety. Prior research has focused on control-theoretic methods with significant computational burden with a focus on failures in actuation. In contrast, we propose the use of hierarchical machine learning driven state space checks that detect and diagnose errors in control program execution, sensors and actuators with high sensitivity and low latency. Each check produces a time-varying error signal that facilitates effect-cause diagnosis of the system, while allowing rapid parameter estimation from each check. Since the checks are over small subsets of system parameters, estimation is fast and accurate. The estimated parameters are then used to reconfigure the system controller parameters for rapid system recovery. We use a quadcopter system to demonstrate and validate our approach. Controller, sensor and actuator errors can be detected, diagnosed and compensated using a common checking platform with low computational overhead. The technique is validated on a quadcopter hardware test vehicle.
Genetic analysis of DinG-family helicase YoaA and its interaction with replication clamp-loader protein HolC in E. coli

ABSTRACT The XP-D/DinG family of DNA helicases contribute to genomic stability in all three domains of life. We investigate here the role of one of these proteins,YoaA, of Escherichia coli. In E. coli,YoaA aids tolerance to the nucleoside azidothymidine (AZT), a DNA replication inhibitor and physically interacts with a subunit of the DNA polymerase III holoenzyme, HolC. We map the residues of YoaA required for HolC interaction to its C-terminus by yeast two-hybrid analysis. We propose that this interaction competes with HolC’s interaction with HolD and the rest of the replisome;YoaA indeed inhibits growth when overexpressed, dependent on this interaction region. By gene fusions we show YoaA is repressed by LexA and induced in response to DNA damage as part of the SOS response. Induction of YoaA by AZT is biphasic with an immediate response after treatment and a slower response that peaks in the late log phase of growth. This growth-phase dependent induction by AZT is not blocked by lexA3 (Ind-), which normally negates its self-cleavage, implying another means to induce the DNA damage response that responds to the nutritional state of the cell. We propose that YoaA helicase activity increases access to the 3’ nascent strand during replication; consistent with this,YoaA appears to aid removal of potential A-to-T transversion mutations in ndk mutants, which are prone to nucleotide misincorporation. YoaA and its paralog DinG also may initiate template-switching that leads to deletions between tandem repeats in DNA. IMPORTANCE Maintaining genomic stability is crucial for all living organisms. Replication of DNA frequently encounters barriers that must be removed to complete genome duplication. Balancing DNA synthesis with its repair is critical and not entirely understood at a mechanistic level.The YoaA protein, studied here, is required for certain types of DNA repair and interacts in an alternative manner with proteins that catalyze DNA replication. YoaA is part of the well-studied LexA-regulated response to DNA damage, the SOS response. We describe an unusual feature of its regulation that promotes induction after DNA damage as the culture begins to experience starvation. Replication fork repair integrates both DNA damage and nutritional signals. We also show that YoaA affects genomic stability.
Analysis of Facilitators and Barriers to the Delivery of Routine Care during the COVID-19 Global Pandemic: A Systematic Review

The delivery of routine health care during the COVID-19 global pandemic continues to be challenged as public health guidelines and other local/regional/state and other policies are enforced to help prevent the spread of the virus. The objective of this systematic review is to identify the facilitators and barriers affecting the delivery of routine health care services during the pandemic to provide a framework for future research. In total, 32 articles were identified for common themes surrounding facilitators of routine care during COVID-19. Identified constructed in the literature include enhanced education initiatives for parents/patients regarding routine vaccinations, an importance of routine vaccinations as compared to the risk of COVID-19 infection, an enhanced use of telehealth resources (including diagnostic imagery) and identified patient throughput/PPE initiatives. Reviewers identified the following barriers to the delivery of routine care: conservation of medical providers and PPE for non-routine (acute) care delivery needs, specific routine care services incongruent the telehealth care delivery methods, and job-loss/food insecurity. Review results can assist healthcare organizations with process-related challenges related to current and/or future delivery of routine care and support future research initiatives as the global pandemic continues.
Glucuronidation of type II arabinogalactan polysaccharides function in sexual reproduction of Arabidopsis.

Arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs) are complex, hyperglycosylated plant cell wall proteins with little known about the biological roles of their glycan moieties in sexual reproduction. Here, we report that GLCAT14A, GLCAT14B and GLCAT14C, three enzymes responsible for the addition of glucuronic acid residues to AGPs, function in pollen development, polytubey block, and normal embryo development in Arabidopsis. Using biochemical and immunolabelling techniques, we demonstrated that the loss of function of the GLCAT14A, GLCAT14B and GLCAT14C genes resulted in disorganization of the reticulate structure of the exine wall, abnormal development of the intine layer, and collapse of pollen grains in glcat14a/b and glcat14a/b/c mutants. Synchronous development between locules within the same anther was also lost in some glcat14a/b/c stamens. In addition, we observed excessive attraction of pollen tubes targeting glcat14a/b/c ovules, indicating that the polytubey block mechanism was compromised. Monosaccharide composition analysis revealed significant reductions in all sugars in glcat14a/b and glcat14a/b/c mutants except for arabinose and galactose, while immunolabeling showed decreased amounts of AGP sugar epitopes recognized by glcat14a/b and glcat14a/b/c mutants compared to wild type. This work demonstrates the important roles that AG glucuronidation plays in Arabidopsis sexual reproduction and reproductive development. Supporting Information.
Life Comes to One

I was brought up in a German family after World War II. My father’s family had lived as small landlords with intense bonds to the land, its people, and the animals around them in former German Silesia, and were deracinated war refugees. My mother’s family was made up of four generations of physicians. The most prominent family member was my maternal grandfather (Fig. 13.1), born in 1870, who became a physician as his father had been. He joined the first German expedition to the South Pole led by Dr. Drygalski, which voyaged on a sailboat from 1901 to 1903. After returning from his amazing adventure, he settled in Partenkirchen, Bavaria, in the south of Germany because he loved the mountains and was an excellent alpinist.
Data assimilation for neutral thermospheric species during geomagnetic storms

[1] During a geomagnetic storm, Joule heating heats the neutral gas and drives horizontally divergent winds which force upwelling of the neutral atmosphere. The heavier molecular species N2 and O2, abundant in the lower thermosphere, are transported to high altitude where they increase the loss rate of the F region ionosphere. The “bulge” of enhanced molecular species, or depleted atomic oxygen, is long-lived, returning to equilibrium mainly through the slow process of molecular diffusion. Its longevity, of the order of a day, enables the global wind system to transport the composition disturbance over thousands of kilometers, driven by the combination of quiet and storm-time wind fields. In a stand-alone physical model the formation and subsequent movement of the composition features depend on accurate specification of the spatial and temporal distribution of the Joule heating from the magnetosphere and knowledge of the time-dependent wind fields to define the transport. Neither is sufficiently well known given current observational capability. An alternative approach is to combine the knowledge contained in a physical model with observations of the thermospheric composition. It has been demonstrated that FUV images can provide a reliable estimate of the magnitude and structure of oxygen-depleted regions on the sunlit side of Earth. A Kalman filter data assimilation method has been developed to combine FUV observations with a physical model in order to optimally define the global distribution of neutral thermosphere composition. This distribution is used as one of the important drivers in a model for Global Assimilation of Ionospheric Measurements (GAIM) in order to improve specification and forecast of the response of the ionosphere to geomagnetic storms.
Antibiotics and macromolecular synthesis in microsomes and mitochondria. I. Antibiotics acting in the same manner in mitochondria and microsomes.

Abstract Effects of antibiotics were assayed on protein- and glycoprotein-synthesizing systems in isolated mitochondria and microsomes over a 105 concentration range. The antibiotic effects on glycoprotein synthesis were measured in isolated sterile rat liver and cortical intraneural mitochondria, while the effects on protein synthesis were measured in isolated sterile rat liver and cortical intraneural mitochondria and rat liver microsomes. The effects were all measured in ATP-supported systems and the microsomal system included pH 5 enzymes and GTP. Carbomycin, daunomycin, mitomycin C, oleandomycin, puromycin, streptomycin and vancomycin inhibited protein and glycoprotein synthesis in the mitochondrial system and protein synthesis in the microsomal system. Dactinomycin and oligomycin had no effect on either system. In general, the effects of the antibiotics caused a greater amount of inhibition of protein and glycoprotein synthesis in the cortical intraneural mitochondrial system than in the liver mitochondrial system. The protein synthesis was inhibited to a greater extent than the glycoprotein synthesis in both the liver and cortical intraneural mitochondrial systems.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH—SURGERY: Upsizing of Inflatable Penile Implant Cylinders in Patients with Corporal Fibrosis

ABSTRACT Introduction Placement of an inflatable penile prosthesis in a patient with scarred corporal bodies secondary to priapism or removal of a previously infected implant is a formidable surgical challenge; use of downsized implants has improved chances of successful reimplantation. Nevertheless, patients are frequently dissatisfied with the resulting short penises. Aim This study investigates the use of downsized inflatable penile prosthesis cylinders as tissue expanders in patients with corporal fibrosis. Main Outcomes Measures Corporal length and width were calibrated before implantation of downsized prostheses and after 1 year of their use as tissue expanders. Methods Thirty‐seven patients had insertion of Mentor Narrow Base (18), AMS CXM (9), or AMS CXR (10) into scarred corporal bodies. Etiology was previously infected and removed implant (29) or priapism (8). In each of these cases it was not possible to dilate to 12 mm in order to place standard‐sized cylinders. Patients were encouraged to inflate their implant for up to 3 hours daily. After several months intracorporal stretching occurred. The patients were reoperated; corporal length and width were recalibrated. Results Upon reoperation, it was possible to pass dilators of 12 mm width proximally allowing the substitution of standard‐sized AMS 700 CX (23), Mentor Alpha 1 (10), or Mentor Titan (2). Additionally, corporal length measurements in the previously infected patients increased an average of 2.2 cm allowing placement of longer cylinders. Although priapism patients did not show this phenomenon of corporal lengthening, the implant space widened enough to permit replacement with standard‐size cylinders improving girth, rigidity, and appearance. Conclusions Wider and sometimes longer cylinders can be substituted in patients with corporal fibrosis that required implantation with downsized cylinders because of fibrotic corpora. Prolonged inflation over an 8‐ to 12‐month period results in expansion of the cylinder cavity, permitting standard‐sized cylinders in all patients. Wilson SK, Delk JR, Mulcahy JJ, Cleves M, and Salem EA. Upsizing of inflatable penile implant cylinders in patients with corporal fibrosis. J Sex Med 2006;3:736–742.
Developing Curricula With A Major Emphasis In Entrepreneurship - An Accounting Perspective

Until recently, large corporations produced most new jobs. Therefore, curricula and courses taught in university business schools in the United States were tailored primarily for graduates likely to be employed in large corporations. Today, however, the majority of newly created jobs are generated by small businesses. With the increasing economic importance of smaller businesses, universities should adjust their curricula to include classes designated specifically for entrepreneurs of small businesses. This can be accomplished in a variety of ways: by emphasizing factors applicable to small businesses while teaching standard business school courses; by introducing new courses directed solely at entrepreneurship; or by altering existing courses and combining them with new courses. This paper examines this process at one public university from an accounting perspective.
Book Review of Brian Z. Tamanaha, Failing Law Schools (2012)

This extremely short book review discusses why Tamanaha's book is a must-read for anyone in the legal education business, even if we don't always agree with what he's saying.
Accelerated wound healing by injectable microporous gel scaffolds assembled from annealed building blocks

Injectable microporous scaffolds assembled from annealed microgel building blocks whose properties can be tailored by microfluidic fabrication facilitate rapid wound healing in vivo.
Associationism without associative links: Thomas Brown and the associationist project

There are two roles that association played in 18th-19th century associationism. The first dominates modern understanding of the history of the concept: association is a causal link posited to explain why ideas come in the sequence they do. The second has been ignored: association is merely regularity in the trains of thought, and the target of explanation. The view of association as regularity arose in several forms throughout the tradition, but Thomas Brown (1778-1820) makes the distinction explicit. He argues that there is no associative link, and association is mere sequence. I trace this view of association through the tradition, and consider its implications: Brown's views, in particular, motivate a rethinking of the associationist tradition in psychology. Associationism was a project united by a shared explanandum phenomenon, rather than a theory united by a shared theoretical posit.
Target sites: nervous system

Publisher Summary Neurotoxicity can be defined as unintended adverse effects on the structure and function of the nervous system. The field of neurotoxicity draws from disciplines of neuroscience, physiology, psychology, biochemistry, and others. Much neurotoxicological research focuses on identifying adverse outcomes on the structure and/or function of the nervous system (both central and peripheral) due to exposure to chemicals, and determining the mechanisms for these toxic responses. In addition, neurotoxicologists develop, validate, and refine methodology with which to accomplish these goals. Neurotoxic agents are also used to develop animal models of clinical syndromes, to aid in studying the causes of, and therapy for, these diseases. Multidisciplinary approaches are necessary to study the integration of the highly interconnected nervous system. This ranges from molecular studies of genes and proteins, cellular studies of neurons, to interactions between neurons, to behavior, including higher levels of learning and memory. While most studies are conducted using laboratory animals, cell cultures, or isolated cells, epidemiological studies of humans are critical for relating the laboratory findings to the human population. This chapter lists references focusing primarily on selected books and publications that review the neurotoxic potential of natural and synthetic chemicals and/or the methods used to detect or characterize neurotoxic effects.
Ensemble-Biased Metadynamics: A Molecular Simulation Method to Sample Experimental Distributions

We introduce an enhanced-sampling method for molecular dynamics (MD) simulations referred to as ensemble-biased metadynamics (EBMetaD). The method biases a conventional MD simulation to sample a molecular ensemble that is consistent with one or more probability distributions known a priori, e.g., experimental intramolecular distance distributions obtained by double electron-electron resonance or other spectroscopic techniques. To this end, EBMetaD adds an adaptive biasing potential throughout the simulation that discourages sampling of configurations inconsistent with the target probability distributions. The bias introduced is the minimum necessary to fulfill the target distributions, i.e., EBMetaD satisfies the maximum-entropy principle. Unlike other methods, EBMetaD does not require multiple simulation replicas or the introduction of Lagrange multipliers, and is therefore computationally efficient and straightforward in practice. We demonstrate the performance and accuracy of the method for a model system as well as for spin-labeled T4 lysozyme in explicit water, and show how EBMetaD reproduces three double electron-electron resonance distance distributions concurrently within a few tens of nanoseconds of simulation time. EBMetaD is integrated in the open-source PLUMED plug-in (www.plumed-code.org), and can be therefore readily used with multiple MD engines.
A multigene phylogenetic analysis results in a redefinition of the genus Notonomus Chaudoir (Coleoptera, Carabidae) and descriptions of new species of the subgenus Leiradira Castelnau

Bayesian analysis of four partial gene sequences (28S rDNA, wg, CAD and COI mtDNA) from exemplars of all genera and 12 of 17 informal groups of the Notonomus-series of pterostichine carabids strongly supports a clade requiring redefinition of Notonomus Chaudoir, 1862. Notonomus is redefined to include all species currently placed in Notonomus by Lorenz (2005a) plus two Sarticus Motschulsky, 1865 species (S. blackburni (Sloane, 1895) and S. impar (Sloane, 1893)), all species of Leiradira Castelnau, 1867, Conchitella Moore, 1962 Loxodactylus Chaudoir, 1865 and Acanthoferonia Moore, 1965. Analysis of combined data places Sarticus sister to Notonomus with low support. Individual gene analyses indicated wg is in conflict with other loci and analyses exclusive of wg place Parhypates Motschulsky, 1866 sister to Notonomus with very high support. Leiradira species form a clade within Notonomus including Notonomus dimorphicus Darlington, 1961 and N. flos Darlington, 1961. Six new species of the subgenus Leiradira from Queensland are described; Notonomus (Leiradira) thynnefiliarum, N. (L.) vadosus, N. (L.) viridis, N. (L.) spectabilis, N. (L.) iridescens and N. (L.) barrae. Two additional species of Notonomus s.l. are described; Notonomus hephaestus from the Lamb Range, Queensland, which is part of a mimicry complex with Notonomus (Leiradira) aurifer (Darlington, 1961); and Notonomus nocturnocappellus, from New South Wales, which represents a unique combination of characteristics for the genus. Descriptions of all species of Notonomus (Leiradira) with a wide gula, a grouping equivalent to Darlington’s concept of Leiradira, are given. An identification key to species of Notonomus (Leiradira), the two newly described Notonomus s.l. species and all recognised subgenera of Notonomus is provided.
Wireless energy harvesting for medical applications

A Radio Frequency (RF) power harvesting system is proposed to wirelessly power medical devices (e.g., wearable or implantable sensors, etc). The proposed system allows medical devices to operate even when there is little RF energy available. The power receiver consists of a printed antenna, well-tuned rectifier, power management chip, and a charge storage device. For a 100mW transmitter operating at 2.4GHz, a 4F super-capacitor can be wirelessly recharged to 3V. Future design considerations are discussed, viz. flexibility of the harvester circuit and wide band harvesting.
A One‐Step Staining Probe for Phosphatidylethanolamine

Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) is an abundant phospholipid in cellular membranes, but relatively little is known about the kinetics of PE in biological membrane systems. Characterizing PE on a cellular level has been challenging owing to a lack of proper molecular tools. The lantibiotic duramycin and its structural analogue, cinnamycin, are currently the only known polypeptides that have an established stereospecific structure for binding membrane PE with high affinity and high specificity. These lantibiotics are recognized for their potential as molecular probes for studying PE kinetics in various membranes. However, owing to their antibiotic nature, duramycin and cinnamycin exhibit appreciable levels of cytotoxicity at low micromolar concentrations in cultured mammalian cells by inducing membrane distortion and possible PE redistribution. These issues can potentially complicate study design and data interpretation. Here, we report the construction of a molecular probe consisting of duramycin attached to the C terminus of green fluorescent protein (GFP) by a PEG linker at a stoichiometry of 1. The construct retained specific binding toward PE and essentially no cytotoxicity compared to native duramycin. The biological utilities of this probe were demonstrated in a number of cellular staining studies involving PE dynamics. The availability of a one-step, nontoxic molecular probe for PE will enable characterization of the biology of this important phospholipid.
Coding of neuronal differentiation by calcium transients

Excitability has long been recognized as the basis for rapid signaling in the mature nervous system, but roles of channels and receptors in controlling slower processes of differentiation have been identified only more recently. Voltage-dependent and transmitter-activated channels are often expressed at early stages of development prior to synaptogenesis, and allow influx of Ca2+. Here we examine the functions of spontaneous transient elevations of intracellular Ca2+ in embryonic neurons. These Ca2+ transients abruptly raise levels of Ca2+ as much as tenfold, for brief periods, repeatedly, and can be highly localized. Like cloudbursts on the developing landscape, Ca2+ transients modulate growth and stimulate differentiation, in a frequency-dependent manner, probably by changes in phosphorylation or proteolysis of regulatory and structural proteins in local regions. We review the mechanisms by which Ca2+ transients are generated and their effects in regulating motility via the cytoskeleton and differentiation via transcription. BioEssays 22:811–817, 2000. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
48 A 14 STUDY OF THE MENTAL DEVELOPMENT OF INFANTS MANIFESTING INTRAUTERINE MALNUTRITION (IM) AT BIRTH

The mental achievement of 32 infants manifesting IM at birth without evidence of chromosome abnormalities or intrauterine infection have been compared to 13 well nourished (WN) infants. All infants came from a middle to a high socioeconomic background. Selection of patients was made in 1963 so the Colorado Intrauterine Growth Grid was not available. Retrospective plotting of infant weights showed that 41% of the IM infants fell above the 10th percentile. Knobloch-Pasamanick modification of the Gesell test demonstrated statistically lower scores in fine motor ability in the IM infant at 9 months of age. By 3 years of age all subtest scores were statistically lower in the IM infant except gross motor skills. The WPPSI, WISC, & WISC-R phychometric tests were used at older ages. The following findings were observed in the IM infant compared to the WN infant. Full scale IQ 120 7%/38%; educatable mental retardate 19%/0; learning disabilities 34%/15%; non-compensated learning disability 18%/0; specific learning disability 28%/15%; special education 19%/0; seizures beyond the newborn period 13%/8%; language problems 16%/0; significant visual problems 3%/0; medical Rx for hyperactivity 9%/0. Evidence of IM in infants at birth may serve as an important clinical marker for potential learning disability in the infant at an older age. - Work supported by the MacDonald & the Doris Hebbard Knapp Fund