cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Designing high-power, octave spanning entangled photon sources for quantum spectroscopy.

Entangled photon spectroscopy is a nascent field that has important implications for measurement and imaging across chemical, biology, and materials fields. Entangled photon spectroscopy potentially offers improved spatial and temporal-frequency resolutions, increased cross sections for multiphoton and nonlinear measurements, and new abilities in inducing or measuring quantum correlations. A critical step in enabling entangled photon spectroscopies is the creation of high-flux entangled sources that can use conventional detectors as well as provide redundancy for the losses in realistic samples. Here, we report a periodically poled, chirped, lithium tantalate platform that generates entangled photon pairs with ∼10−7 efficiency. For a near watt level diode laser, this results in a near μW-level flux. The single photon per mode limit that is necessary to maintain non-classical photon behavior is still satisfied by distributing this power over up to an octave-spanning bandwidth. The spectral–temporal photon correlations are observed via a Michelson-type interferometer that measures the broadband Hong–Ou–Mandel two-photon interference. A coherence time of 245 fs for a 10 nm bandwidth in the collinear case and a coherence time of 62 fs for a 125 nm bandwidth in the non-collinear case are measured using a CW pump laser and, essentially, collecting the full photon cone. We outline in detail the numerical methods used for designing and tailoring the entangled photons source, such as changing center wavelength or bandwidth, with the ultimate aim of increasing the availability of high-flux UV–Vis entangled photon sources in the optical spectroscopy community.
Spironolactone in Patients With an Echocardiographic HFpEF Phenotype Suggestive of Cardiac Amyloidosis: Results From TOPCAT

Abstract Objectives This study investigated an enriched cohort of patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) in TOPCAT (Treatment of Preserved Cardiac Function Heart Failure With an Aldosterone Antagonist) with an echocardiographic phenotype of cardiac amyloidosis. Background There is a high prevalence of increased interventricular septal (IVS) thickness and decreased mitral annular systolic (s′) velocity in cardiac amyloidosis. In addition, clinical trials of neurohormonal blockade are missing in this population. Methods TOPCAT randomized patients with HFpEF to spironolactone or placebo therapy with a primary endpoint of cardiovascular death, HF hospitalization, or aborted cardiac arrest. Patients with IVS and s′ velocity measurements were included, and adjusted Cox models assessed the effect of echocardiographic variables and spironolactone on the primary endpoint. Results Among 590 patients, mean s′ velocity was 6.4 ± 2.1 cm/s and IVS thickness was 1.2 ± 0.2 cm. The enriched cohort with characteristics of cardiac amyloidosis (s′ velocity ≤6 cm/s and IVS thickness ≥1.2 cm) included 135 patients (23% of the cohort). After a median follow-up of 2.6 years (1.5-3.9 years), these patients had the worst prognosis (adjusted HR: 2.10; 95% CI: 1.26-3.50; P = 0.004). Both s′ velocity and IVS thickness were individually associated with the primary endpoint, and abnormalities in these parameters were additive as lower s′ velocity was particularly prognostic in those with greater IVS thickness (interaction: P = 0.013). Spironolactone was associated with improved outcomes in the overall cohort (P = 0.024), and patients in the enriched cohort had a benefit similar to that in other groups (interaction: P = 0.382). Conclusions An enriched subset of patients with structural and functional echocardiographic features of cardiac amyloidosis had the worst prognosis in the TOPCAT study, but they benefitted similarly from spironolactone therapy. Future studies of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in patients with cardiac amyloidosis are warranted.
Recommendations to disclose sexual assault are motivated by retribution among women who endorse honor values.

Rape arrests are higher in US states wherein residents more typically endorse honor values. Because honor values reflect an association between reputation and self-worth, which is based on one's ability to uphold traditional gender norms, one should expect that women who endorse honor values are motivated to conceal a sexual assault. However, honor values also engender the expectation that women defend their reputations if threatened. Thus, women from honor cultures should be more likely to seek retribution by disclosing a sexual assault to others. The current research investigates the impact of honor values on the recommendation to disclose a sexual assault when women believe the victim is motivated to protect her reputation. We evaluated the role of common post-rape emotions (shame, anger, and fear) on motivations to either conceal a "victim" status or to punish the transgression. In two studies, US women (total n = 842) responded to vignettes of sexual assault that varied the relationship of the perpetrator (acquaintance or husband). Using path modeling to test the two competing hypotheses, we found that women who endorsed honor values more strongly perceived that the victim of a sexual assault experienced more anger and fear, was more likely to seek retribution, and, in turn, were more likely to recommend that she disclose to confidants (similar across the acquaintance and husband scenarios). These findings may help increase researchers' and practitioners' cultural understanding of the help-seeking behavior of survivors of sexual assault across different communities.
Fostering Spaces for Black Joy in STEM-Rich Making and Beyond

What does it mean to express Black joy and loving blackness through STEM-rich making? What does it mean for Black youth in community-based, youth-focused makerspaces to express Black joy and loving blackness? We look at how Black youth alongside their facilitators co-create spaces of Black joy through making. These makerspaces are located at two local Boys and Girls Clubs in the US Midwest and the Southeast. Makerspaces are informal sites where youth are encouraged to work collaboratively while building digital and physical artifacts. As two Black female STEM educators working with Black youth we frame our work in critical race theory. Specifically we draw on the tenets of whiteness as property and counter-narratives. Using critical ethnographic methods, we explore the ways in which Black youth produce counter-narratives that disrupt whiteness as property through STEM-rich making. Data sources include fieldnotes; artifacts, such as youth work; interviews; and video recordings. The first vignette highlights how two Black girls navigate choosing and creating characters using Scratch. The second vignette focuses on a brother and sister duo who center their making on family and their shared maker identity. We then discuss the freedoms afforded to youth with flexible co-designed curriculum with facilitators and how we foster open spaces. We address this special issue’s driving question by asking, How do we, as STEM facilitators, counter anti-blackness in/through STEM by fostering space for Black joy with youth in making?
Development of a Breadboard Instrument for the Ultrasonic Measurement of Stress

The measurement of stress is a generic problem which constantly occurs in nondestructive evaluation applications. X-ray diffraction provides the most successful approach, but suffers from the limitation that only a very near surface layer is sensed. Ultrasonic measurements, based on the stress dependence of the wave speed, have the capability of sampling bulk material. However, they suffer from some practical problems, including degradations in accuracy due to competing sources of wave speed shifts and difficulties of making measurements in complex geometries. The former problem has, in principle, been overcome by an approach recently developed as discussed below.
Chorea associated with oral contraceptive therapy

Fernando and Chir 1st reported an association between chorea and oral contraceptives (OCs) in 1966. Differential diagnosis of chorea in addition to Sydenham chorea include Wilson disease; encephalitis; Huntington chorea; drug intoxication; benign familial chorea; pregnancy; systemic lupus erythematosus; Henoch-Schonlein purpura; polycythemia vera; hypocalcemia; hyperthyroidism; carbon monoxide poisoning; cerebral infarction and; intracranial tumor. Chorea can also occur as an untoward side-effect of OC therapy as shown by the case report of a 20-year old white woman. Chorea associated with OC therapy occur unilateraly but has also been bilateral in 37% of reported cases. 8 of 24 reported cases (33%) had a prior history of rheumatic fever - mean age of patient was 22 years (range 16 to 40 years). The time between initiation of OC therapy and appearance of choreiform movements can vary from 6 days to 9 months with a mean of 3 months. Time between discontinuation of OC therapy and cessation of symptoms vary from 3 days to 3 months with a mean of 5 weeks. Speculations by various authors on the pathogenesis of chorea are described.
$r$-scan extremal statistics of inhomogeneous Poisson processes

Abstract: Studies of inhomogeneities in long DNA sequences can be insightful to the organization of the human genome (or any genome). Questions about the spacings of a marker array and general issues of sequence heterogeneity in our studies of DNA and protein sequences led us to statistical considerations of rscan lengths, the distances between marker i and marker ?+r,i = l,2,3,_It is interesting to characterize the r-scan lengths harboring clusters or indicating regions of over-dispersion of the markers along the sequence. Applications are reviewed for certain words in the Haemophilus genome and the Cyanobacter genome.
Conducting empirical research on informed consent: challenges and questions.

She informed consent projects (ICPs) we describe here were designed to produce (1) new and improved methods for the informed consent process, (z) methods for confronting the challenges of obtaining consent for special or vulnerable populations, and (3) data to help inform and guide public policy development (Table 1). From the outset, the project investigators identified a number of conceptual and practical concerns and challenges in conducting empirical research on informed consent. These concerns and challenges were shared by all the investigators, despite the significant variability in the research methods used and the populations studied. Experienced researchers will recognize that some of these concerns and challenges are common to many kinds of research involving human subjects. Some, however, are unique to research on informed consent. We describe these matters for the purpose of fostering ongoing dialogue about the challenges researchers face in studying the informed consent process. Common Research Challenges
Transduced p16INK4a Peptides Inhibit Hypophosphorylation of the Retinoblastoma Protein and Cell Cycle Progression Prior to Activation of Cdk2 Complexes in Late G1

Progression of cells through the G1 phase of the cell cycle requires cyclin D:Cdk4/6 and cyclin E:Cdk2 complexes; however, the duration and ordering of these complexes remain unclear. To address this, we synthesized a peptidyl mimetic of the Cdk4/6 inhibitor, p16INK4a that contained an NH2-terminal TAT protein transduction domain. Transduction of TAT-p16 wild-type peptides into cells resulted in the loss of active, hypophosphorylated pRb and elicited an early G1 cell cycle arrest, provided cyclin E:Cdk2 complexes were inactive. We conclude that cyclin D:Cdk4/6 activity is required for early G1 phase cell cycle progression up to, but not beyond, activation of cyclin E:Cdk2 complexes at the restriction point and is thus nonredundant with cyclin E:Cdk2 in late G1.
Imagery reduces children's post-operative pain.

Abstract This un-blinded experimental study investigated the effectiveness of imagery, in addition to routine analgesics, in reducing tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy pain and anxiety after ambulatory surgery (AS) and at home. Seventy-three children, aged 7–12, were recruited from five AS settings. Thirty-six children randomly assigned to the treatment group watched a professionally developed videotape on the use of imagery and then listened to a 30-min audio tape of imagery approximately 1 week prior to surgery (T1). They listened to only the audio tape 1–4 h after surgery (T2), and 22–27 h after discharge from AS (T3). The 37 children in the attention-control group received standard care. Pain and anxiety were measured at each time-point in both groups. Measures of sensory pain were the Oucher and amount of analgesics used in AS and home; affective pain was measured with the Facial Affective Scale (FAS). Anxiety was measured using the State Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC). When controlling for trait anxiety and opioid and non-opioid intake 1–4 h before the pain measures, MANCOVA showed significantly lower pain and anxiety in the treatment group at T2, but not at T3. When controlling for trait anxiety, a two-way RM MANCOVA indicated no significant group differences in combined opioid and non-opioid use between the groups, or between times. Appropriately trained health care providers should use imagery to reduce post-operative pain following tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy in AS. Teaching parents about adequate home administration of analgesics may increase the effectiveness of imagery at home.
Treatment of juvenile sex offenders: a review of the literature.

This article reviews the literature concerning the treatment of juvenile sex offenders, an area that has only recently begun to receive attention by researchers. This review considers the types and modalities of treatment methods available as well as the research supporting their efficacy. Special issues for therapists who work with juvenile sex offenders are also discussed. This review found that although there is a wide variety of treatment techniques available to treat juvenile sex offenders, very little research has been done to validate their efficacy. The need for controlled systematic research is noted.
Exome sequencing and genome-wide copy number variant mapping reveal novel associations with sensorineural hereditary hearing loss

The genetic diversity of loci and mutations underlying hereditary hearing loss is an active area of investigation. To identify loci associated with predominantly non-syndromic sensorineural hearing loss, we performed exome sequencing of families and of single probands, as well as copy number variation (CNV) mapping in a case–control cohort. Analysis of three distinct families revealed several candidate loci in two families and a single strong candidate gene, MYH7B, for hearing loss in one family. MYH7B encodes a Type II myosin, consistent with a role for cytoskeletal proteins in hearing. High-resolution genome-wide CNV analysis of 150 cases and 157 controls revealed deletions in genes known to be involved in hearing (e.g. GJB6, OTOA, and STRC, encoding connexin 30, otoancorin, and stereocilin, respectively), supporting CNV contributions to hearing loss phenotypes. Additionally, a novel region on chromosome 16 containing part of the PDXDC1 gene was found to be frequently deleted in hearing loss patients (OR = 3.91, 95% CI: 1.62-9.40, p = 1.45 × 10-7). We conclude that many known as well as novel loci and distinct types of mutations not typically tested in clinical settings can contribute to the etiology of hearing loss. Our study also demonstrates the challenges of exome sequencing and genome-wide CNV mapping for direct clinical application, and illustrates the need for functional and clinical follow-up as well as curated open-access databases.
The Orthopaedic Physical Examination. 2nd ed.

Bruce Reider. Philadelphia; Elsevier Saunders: 2005. 383 pages. $64.95. The Orthopaedic Physical Examination, by Bruce Reider, is a beautiful book. It is a black-and-white text on a fairly gray topic, but it is beautiful nonetheless. The beauty of the book stems first from its excellence. For those readers who dare to tackle it from cover to cover—book reviewers, obsessive-compulsive medical students, and maybe a few others—it flows harmoniously. For more typical users who will consult it for reference, it offers easy, random access. The writing is crisp; the photographs and line drawings are illustrative; and the span of content—what Dr. Reider decided to leave in and what he decided to leave out—is, in the words of Goldilocks (no doubt citing Aristotle), “just right.” The book is divided into anatomical regions, and each chapter is artfully subdivided. Within each chapter, there are major sections on inspection, palpation, and manipulation, each of which is further partitioned into discussions of surface anatomy, alignment, range of motion, and so on. Like a Bach fugue or passacaglia, The Orthopaedic Physical Examination creates beauty in its organization. It reads without the overwhelming redolence of an …
A case for including transactions in OpenMP

Transactional Memory (TM) has received significant attention recently as a mechanism to reduce the complexity of shared memory programming. We explore the potential of TM to improve OpenMP applications. We combine a software TM (STM) system to support transactions with an OpenMP implementation to start thread teams and provide task and loop-level parallelization. We apply this system to two application scenarios that reflect realistic TM use cases. Our results with this system demonstrate that even with the relatively high overheads of STM, transactions can outperform OpenMP critical sections by 10%. Overall, our study demonstrates that extending OpenMP to include transactions would ease programming effort while allowing improved performance.
The geometry of open bosonic strings

Abstract The coordinate conditions usually used to describe the open string and its boundary conditions are intrinsically singular at the boundary. As a result, the boundary conditions are difficult to understand or interpret geometrically. The physical requirement that the variation of the string at the boundary yield a vanishing contribution to the variation of the action may be accomplished by the requirement that the induced metric, in non-singular coordinates, have signature (0, — 1) at the boundary and that the metric be C 1 on the boundary. These geometrically simple by analytically somewhat complicated requirements are equivalent to the usual boundary conditions. Lastly it is shown that the open string is, in a strict sense, a special case of the closed string. Some of the peculiar behavior of characteristic curves on the open string becomes clear in this context.
Cholinesterase Activity in Pregnant Women and Newborns

Plasma and red blood cell cholinesterase activity in blood samples from 259 pregnant women and cord blood from some of their newborn were compared with samples from 25 nonpregnant female volunteers and with laboratory norms (Ellman method). Plasma cholinesterase was significantly lower (p < 0.05) and red blood cell cholinesterase higher (p < 0.05) in pregnant women than in nonpregnant controls in a repeated measures analysis. By the sixth post-partum week, both plasma and red blood cell cholinesterase were similar to nonpregnant control activity. Fetal cord red blood cell cholinesterase activity was also lower than in nonpregnant women, but plasma levels were not significantly different. When compared with standard laboratory normal ranges, most (98-100%) plasma cholinesterase values in pregnant women and newborn were within range, whereas the majority (59-87%, depending on trimester) of red blood cell levels were above range in pregnancy and below range in 53% of newborns. A low red blood cell cholinesterase in pregnant women is more consistent with a possible overexposure to anticholinesterases than a low plasma cholinesterase. Periods of altered sensitivity to specific cholinesterase inhibiting drugs and environmental agents are suggested by these findings.
Incorporation of γ‐linolenic and linoleic acids into a palm kernel oil/palm olein blend

Lipozyme RM IM, a 1,3-regiospecific lipase, was used as a biocatalyst for the incorporation of γ-linolenic acid (GLA) and linoleic acid (LA) from borage oil into a blend of palm kernel oil and palm olein (50:50, vol/vol). GLA and LA were concentrated as non-urea-complex fatty acids (NUCFA) and NUCFA ethyl esters (NUCFAEE) by urea fractionation. Acidolysis and interesterification were conducted in a solvent-free system with NUCFA and NUCFAEE as acyl donors, respectively. The effects of temperature and substrate mole ratio on incorporation were also studied. Products were analyzed by gas chromatography. NUCFA were a better substrate for GLA incorporation at 45, 55, and 65 °C. The highest incorporation (16.79%) was obtained at 55 °C. NUCFAEE were a better substrate at 75 °C, with 25.06% GLA incorporation compared to 14.09% with NUCFA. Generally, incorporation increased with increasing substrate mole ratio. A structured lipid containing 33% GLA and 9.4% LA was produced with NUCFAEE as acyl donor at 75 °C and a substrate mole ratio of 4.5. Our work showed that the substrate mole ratio was the most important factor affecting incorporation, and the suitability of either substrate as acyl donor was temperature dependent. The enzyme's preference for GLA incorporation over LA was also observed.
The Influence of Individual and Partner Characteristics on the Perpetration of Intimate Partner Violence in Young Adult Relationships

This study examines individual and partner characteristics associated with the perpetration of intimate partner violence (IPV) in young adult relationships with opposite sex partners. Using data from Waves 1 and 3 of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, this study examined 1,275 young adults’ heterosexual romantic relationships. Controlling for the effects of family and school correlates measured in adolescence, we examined the extent to which participants’ general violent behavior in young adulthood and their partners’ use of violence in their relationship influence participants’ IPV perpetration. We found that both having general violent tendencies and being a target of violence in a relationship influenced one’s likelihood of young adults perpetrating IPV. We also tested whether the overall influence of participants’ general violent behavior on IPV perpetration was moderated by their partners’ use of violence in the relationship. We found that young women’s greatest expression of violent tendencies emerged when in relationships with violent men; yet, when partnered with non-violent men, young women’s own violent tendencies did not lead to IPV. We found little evidence for the interactive effect for young men in the study. The lack of a significant interaction in the model indicated that young men’s general aggression was not conditioned on their partners’ use of physical aggression in their relationships.
The Effect of Nicarbazin on Spermatogenesis and Semen Quality

ABSTRACT THE feeding of nicarbazin to laying hens has been reported to have such diverse effects as depression of egg production (Baker et al., 1956; Sherwood et al., 1956a; Ott et al., 1956a), depression of egg size (Baker et al., 1956; Sherwood et al., 1956b), causing a change in shell color from brown to chalk white in those breeds normally producing brown shelled eggs (McClary, 1955; Sherwood et al., 1956a; Sherwood et al., 1956b; Ott et al., 1956a; Ott et al., 1956b), causing mottling of the yolk (Baker et al., 1956) and reduction of hatchability (Ott et al., 1956a; Ott et al., 1956b; Sherwood et al., 1956b). In one investigation when nicarbazin was fed to both hens and males, no effect on fertility was observed when the level of the drug was 0.0125 percent in the feed but hatchability was adversely affected (Sherwood et al., 1956a). No reports were found in . . .
A Compact Hydrogen Maser with Exceptional Long-Term Stability

A compact passive hydrogen maser with many unique features, including a significant reduction in size over previous hydrogen masers, is described. It uses the passive mode of operation, thereby permitting use of a small microwave TE011 cavity which is dielectrically loaded by a low-loss alumina (Al2O3). The cavity is 14.6 cm outside diameter and 13.7 cm high, and weighs only 4.4 kg. The unloaded-cavity Q factor is about 6000. With a conventional source, hexapole state selector, and four magnetic shields, the volume of the entire hydrogen maser resonator package is only about 20 l. The FEP-coated quartz bulb which is common in other masers has been replaced by a similar coating on the inside wall of the cavity. This has yielded a simpler design and more rugged hydrogen maser package. The technique for the application of liquid emulsion FEP is discussed. The cavity and attached endcaps compose the vacuum envelope, thus allowing use of a single vacuum system. The dimensional stability of the ceramic cavity under barometric changes is sufficiently within the range of the electronic cavity servo that a second vacuum system is not needed. For temperature control, a single oven is located in the magnetic shield nest. The most recent stability data compiled from four compact hydrogen masers built at NBS is presented. Comparisons are made against the cesium standard NBS-4 and a time scale comprised of nine commercial cesium standards (denoted as 8s).
Measurement of wide-angle elastic scattering of pions and protons off protons

A comprehensive measurement of the differential cross section for ..pi../sup + -/p and pp elastic scattering has been made at large center-of-mass angles. ..pi../sup -/p and pp scattering were measured with incident laboratory momenta ranging from 2 to 9.5 GeV/c. ..pi../sup +/p scattering was measured with momenta from 2 to 6.3 GeV/c. Scattering angles were in the range -0.3 < or approx. = costheta/sub c.m./ < or approx. = 0.4. The results of the experiment are compared to constituent models and statistical models.
The effect of transverse vibration on free convection from a horizontal cylinder

Abstract An electrically heated, horizontal, 0.049 inch diameter cylinder in free convection to water and aqueous glycerine was vibrated vertically at frequencies ranging from 17 to 37 c/s at displacement amplitudes of up to 0.086 in. The coefficient of heat transfer was found to increase with frequency and amplitude, with some increases exceeding ten-fold. A dimensionless correlation was devised for the present results together with those of three other investigations.
Interactive workforce management on a PC: An industry—university partnership

Abstract A large multinational corporation approached the business school to solve a crew selection problem. Given a workforce of more than 300 regular employees with different levels of qualifications and a pool of temporary employees, the problem was to assign an appropriate crew to 150 different jobs over a planning horizon of one year. Initial skepticism of product managers of the company ranged from “going to be another academic exercise” to “if you solve it, we will switch the lights on in this suburban area!”. A user-friendly interactive scheduling system, integrating the commercial software LOTUS 1-2-3, LINDO, and dBASE III Plus was successful in convincing the managers of the power of marriage of information systems and mathematical programming. The experiment also served as a starting point for an ongoing relationship between the university and the corporation.
Relational Support as a Predictor of Identity Status in an Ethnically Diverse Early Adolescent Sample.

The role of relational (i.e., parent, peer, teacher) support as a predictor of identity status was assessed using a sample of 635 early adolescents from an ethnically diverse, low-income school dis...
The Reproductive Biology of Siscowet and Lean Lake Trout in Southern Lake Superior

Abstract Lean and siscowet morphotypes of lake trout Salvelinus namaycush in Lake Superior are thought to be genetically separate, but the reproductive isolating mechanism is unknown. The testicular and ovarian cycles and reproductive hormone levels of these morphotypes were determined from May to October in populations east and west of the Keweenaw Peninsula in southern Lake Superior. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) increased from August to October for lean and siscowet males and females east of the Keweenaw Peninsula and for siscowets west of the Keweenaw Peninsula. Circulating estradiol-17β (E2) levels and ovarian GSIs increased simultaneously in females of both morphotypes. However, circulating 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) levels in lean and siscowet males were not significantly elevated until October even though testicular GSIs increased by August. Transcripts of the follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) beta subunit (an indirect measure of FSH activity) increased in lean and siscowet males and females dur...
Will Reconsolidation Blockade Offer a Novel Treatment for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Many articles about memory reconsolidation conclude with its therapeutic implications for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A core feature of PTSD is the memory of a traumatic event that is characterized by excessive strength, immalleability, and persistence. We found that Korean and World War II veterans with PTSD showed elevated physiological responses during mental imagery of their personal combat events as long as 40 years later (Orr et al., 1993). We have hypothesized that traumatic memories in PTSD become “overconsolidated” under the influence of stress hormones stimulated by the traumatic event (Pitman, 1989). Traditional theory holds that once a memory has been consolidated, i.e., placed into long-term storage, it exists as a permanent trace. According to this view, the most one can hope for therapeutically would be to inhibit the memory's expression through a mechanism such as extinction, but this inhibition is fragile, and the associated distress and arousal may return. Years ago we consulted on the case of a veteran who was admitted to the hospital for low back pain. Following World War II, he had experienced a year of nightmares and flashbacks of his combat experiences. With time these symptoms remitted, and he had been symptom free for 30 years. The medical work-up for his back pain revealed carcinoma of the prostate metastatic to the vertebrae, a fatal condition. The night after the patient was presented with this diagnosis, he experienced nightmares, not of his cancer or its future consequences, but of combat. This reinstatement of his combat memories by the stress of his cancer diagnosis indicated that they had not been erased but only had become latent.
Role of the Kidneys in Resistant Hypertension

Resistant hypertension is a failure to achieve goal BP (<140/90 mm Hg for the overall population and <130/80 mm Hg for those with diabetes mellitus or chronic kidney disease) in a patient who adheres to maximum tolerated doses of 3 antihypertensive drugs including a diuretic. The kidneys play a critical role in long-term regulation of blood pressure. Blunted pressure natriuresis, with resultant increase in extracellular fluid volume, is an important cause of resistant hypertension. Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, increased renal sympathetic nervous system activity and increased sodium reabsorption are important renal mechanisms. Successful treatment requires identification and reversal of lifestyle factors or drugs contributing to treatment resistance, diagnosis and appropriate treatment of secondary causes of hypertension, use of effective multidrug regimens and optimization of diuretic therapy. Since inappropriate renal salt retention underlies most cases of drug-resistant hypertension, the therapeutic focus should be on improving salt depleting therapy by assessing and, if necessary, reducing dietary salt intake, optimizing diuretic therapy, and adding a mineralocorticoid antagonist if there are no contraindications.
Computation of separated flows by a vortex-tracing algorithm

Numerical solutions for two-dimensional, time-dependent, separated flows around bodies are obtained, using a new version of the vortex method. This method provides an efficient representation of flows involving large regions of separation. The modifications incorporated in the new version, which improve its accuracy, versatility, and computing speed, are described. The computer cost is only of the order of the 3/2 power on N, instead of N-squared, for each step with N vortices. Arbitrary shapes can be treated; a conformal mapping is not required. Special attention is paid to the viscous character of the solution and to the accurate computation of the pressure distribution at the body surface. The vortex solution for the outer flow is coupled to an inner solution for the attached part of the boundary layer. Numerical results are presented for several bluff bodies exhibiting dependence on Reynolds number, for stationary airfoils under steady or transient conditions and for oscillating airfoils, including dynamic stalls. These results are compared with other available results, analytical or experimental, and demonstrate the enhanced reliability and accuracy of the improved method.
Chromatographic studies of unusual on-column degradations of aniline compounds on XBridge Shield RP18 column in high pH aqueous mobile phase

This paper reports unusual on-column degradations of aniline compounds on Waters XBridge Shield RP18 column when ammonium hydroxide in water and acetonitrile were used as mobile phases in liquid chromatography. The change of the level of on-column degradation of a model compound (Compound 1) with time was observed in the first fifteen injections when started at 60 °C. During a subsequent cooling program from 60 °C to 10 °C with a 10 °C interval, the levels of the degradation products of Compound 1 changed with the change of temperature and reached a maximum at 40 °C. The on-column degradation of Compound 1 was observed when started at 10 °C in the first injection, however, the magnitude of the change of the level of on-column degradation of Compound 1 with time in the first fifteen injections was much smaller than that at 60 °C. During a subsequent heating program from 10 to 60 °C with a 10 °C interval, the levels of the degradation products of Compound 1 increased with the increase in temperature but without a maximum. The change of the degradation product levels of this model compound in the heating process is not super-imposable with that in the cooling process, which demonstrates the degree of the degradation also depends on the heating or cooling process. Column history studies demonstrated that the on-column degradation of Compound 1 changed dramatically on the used columns at both starting temperatures while the dependency of heating and cooling processes on on-column degradation still existed. The unusual on-column degradation of Compound 1 on the used columns can be regenerated in a very similar fashion with an acetic acid column-wash procedure, but is not identical to that on the new column. Similar degradations of other commercially available aniline compounds were also observed with this high pH aqueous mobile phase system.
Quantitative organization of the known protein x‐ray structures. I. Methods and short‐length‐scale results

We address herein the problem of delineating the relationships between the known protein structures. In order to study this problem, methods have been developed to represent arbitrarily sized fragments of biopolymer backbone, and to compare distributions of such fragments. These methods are applied to a classification of 123 structures representing the entire set of known x-ray structures. The resulting data are analyzed (on the four-Cα length scale) to determine both the large-scale organization of the set of known structures (i.e., the relationships between large groups of structures, each comprised of proteins that are structurally related) and its local structure (i.e., the quantitative degree of similarity between any two specific structures). It is shown that the set of structures from a continuum of structural types, ranging from allhelical to all-sheet/barrel proteins. It is further demonstrated that the density of protein structures is not uniform across this continuum, but rather that structures cluster in certain regions, separated by regions of lower population. The properties of the various regions of the structural space are determined. The existence is demonstrated of strong quantitative correlations between the contents of different types of four-Cα fragments within protein structures, which imply significant constraints on the types of architecture that can occur in proteins. Analysis of the distribution of structures demonstrates some hitherto unsuspected similarities and suggests that, in some circumstances, neither structural similarity no sequence homology may be necessary conditions for evolutionary relationship between proteins. It is also suggested that these unsuspected similarities may imply similar folding mechanisms for structures of apparently different global architecture. Cases are also noted in which apparently similar structures may fold by different mechanisms. The connection between structure and dynamic properties is discussed, and a possible role of dynamics in the evolution of protein structures is suggested. The sensitivity of the methods presented herein to anomalies of structure refinement is demonstrated. It is suggested that present results provide a frame-work for analyzing experimental results on structural similarity obtained using vibrational circular dichroism spectra, which are sensitive to local backbone structure.
Quantum-mechanical calculation of the reactions D + FH(ν = 0, 1, 2) → DF(ν′) + H and H + FD(ν = 0, 1, 2, 3) → HF(ν′) + D on a realistic potential energy surface

Abstract Collinear (two-mathematical-dimensional (2MD)) coupled-channel quantum-mechanical calculations have been performed on the reactions D + FH(ν = 0, 1, 2) → DF(ν′) + H and H + FD(ν = 0, 1, 2, 3) → HF(ν′) + D on a potential energy surface with a 40 kcal/mole barrier to exchange. This barrier height is close to that predicted by ab initio calculations and suggested by experiments. The relative effectiveness of reagent vibrational and translational excitation to promote reaction is considered. A one-mathematical-dimensional (1MD) model for these reactions is constructed and is shown to work very well for the D + FH reaction at high temperatures, and less well for that reaction at lower temperatures as well as for the reverse H + FD reaction. Possible reasons for the breakdowns of this model are discussed.
A study of the H-alpha line in X1735 - 444

Forty six optical spectra containing the H-alpha line of X1735 - 444, which were obtained over three nights in May 1987, were analyzed. Using a convolution method, a radial velocity curve was derived for the whole H-alpha line. Combining the spectroscopic results with an updated photometric ephemeris, the probable sites for H-alpha emission in X1735 - 444 were determined. Results of the analyses suggest that two distinct regions contribute to the observed profile in X-1735 - 444: (1) the peak emission, which is associated with the accretion stream of material passing between the companion and the compact object; and (2) the base emission, which is produced symmetrically in the outer accretion disk.
Stored energy resulting from the formation and decomposition of the hydride phase in the intermetallic compound: LaNi5

Abstract Stored energy in activated LaNi 5 has been determined from the difference in the heats of solution of activated and high temperature annealed samples. The hydrogen pressure needed for hydride formation is greater for annealed LaNi 5 than for the activated material. The stored energy, which is large, is related to the pressure needed for hydride formation.
Multi-scale framework for the thermo-viscoelastic analyses of polymer composites

Abstract This paper presents a multi-scale framework for analyzing coupled heat conduction and viscoelastic deformation of polymers reinforced with solid spherical particles. The viscoelastic and thermal properties of the polymer constituents are temperature dependent. A simplified micromechanical model for the particle reinforced composite is formulated to obtain the effective thermal properties and viscoelastic responses. The micromechanical model is implemented at material points within elements in the finite element (FE) analyses.
Modular functions and the uniform distribution of CM points

(1) zd = { i √ d 2 if d ≡ 0 (mod 4), −1+i √ d 2 if d ≡ 3 (mod 4). The j-function has the remarkable property that j(zd) is an algebraic integer of degree h(−d), the class number of K = Q(zd). In fact, K(j(zd)) is the Hilbert class field of K [4]. The first few values of j(zd) are: j(z3) = 0, j(z4) = 12 , j(z7) = −153, j(z8) = 20, j(z11) = −323 j(z15) = −191025−85995√5 2 , j(z19) = −963, j(z20) = 632000+282880 √ 5,
The suppression of sucrose intake by cholecystokinin is scaled according to the magnitude of the orosensory control over feeding.

Abstract The intestinal hormone cholecystokinin (CCK) has been shown to play a role in the termination of food intake, however its behavioral mechanism of action remains to be determined. Recent work from this laboratory suggested that the suppression of intake with CCK is dependent upon the specific orosensory characteristics of the substance being consumed and that the hormone may suppress intake by altering the behavior maintaining characteristics of orosensory stimuli. The present study further investigated this suggestion by determining whether changes in the orosensory characteristics of food alter the magnitude of the suppressive effect of CCK. Specifically, the magnitude of the CCK effect on the intake of sucrose solutions of various concentrations was determined in non-deprived rats. The results of this work indicate that the suppressive effect of synthetic CCK (CCK-8) cannot be overridden by increases in sucrose concentration. In contrast, it was found that over a range of sucrose concentrations, the magnitude of the CCK effect increased with solution concentration. Because sucrose concentration predicts both caloric density and the magnitude of orosensory control (as measured by grams consumed), it appears that CCK may act on this control to regulate meal size in proportion to the caloric density of the food.
Somaclonal variation in celery: screening for resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. apii

Two methods were used to screen putative Fusarium-resistant celery (Apium graveolens L.) plantlets from cell culture: placing plantlets on a mycelial mat for one month or planting them directly in Fusarium-infested soil. Resistant phenotypes were identified with both methods, but the plants grown on the mycelial mat died before they reached reproductive maturity. Four plants, K, T-2, T-3, and R-R1 from the soil screen, survived and produced viable seed. Tests of self-pollinated progeny, in field and greenhouse conditions, showed that T-2, T-3, and R-R1 were superior to the original cultivar, 5270R, with respect to disease resistance, as measured by vascular discoloration and plant height. Chi-square analysis of progeny scores for root and crown decay showed that the new variation was heritable and appeared to be conditioned by more than one locus.
Effects of prototypic calcium channel blockers in methadone-maintained humans responding under a naloxone discrimination procedure

Accumulating evidence suggests that L-type calcium channel blockers (CCBs) attenuate the expression of opioid withdrawal and the dihydropyridine L-type CCB isradipine has been shown to block the behavioral effects of naloxone in opioid-maintained humans. This study determined whether two prototypic L-type CCBs with differing chemical structures, the benzothiazepine diltiazem and the phenylalkamine verapamil, attenuate the behavioral effects of naloxone in methadone-maintained humans trained to distinguish between low-dose naloxone (0.15 mg/70 kg, i.m.) and placebo under an instructed novel-response drug discrimination procedure. Once discrimination was acquired, diltiazem (0, 30, 60, 120 mg) and verapamil (0, 30, 60, 120 mg), alone and combined with the training dose of naloxone, were tested. Diltiazem alone produced 33-50% naloxone- and novel-appropriate responding at 30 and 60 mg and essentially placebo-appropriate responding at 120 mg. Verapamil alone produced 20-40% naloxone- and 0% novel-appropriate responding. Diltiazem at 60 mg decreased several ratings associated with positive mood and increased VAS ratings of "Bad Drug Effects" relative to placebo, whereas verapamil increased ratings associated with euphoria. When administered with naloxone, diltiazem produced 94-100% naloxone-appropriate-responding with 6% novel-appropriate responding at 60 mg (n=3). When administered with naloxone, verapamil produced 60-80% naloxone- and 0% novel-appropriate responding (n=5). Diltiazem decreased diastolic blood pressure and heart rate whereas verapamil decreased ratings of arousal relative to placebo. These results suggest that CCBs with different chemical structures can be differentiated behaviorally, and that diltiazem and verapamil do not attenuate the discriminative stimulus effects of naloxone in humans at the doses tested.
Successful Pregnancy and Delivery of a Healthy Newborn Despite Transplacental Transfer of Antimyeloperoxidase Antibodies From a Mother With Microscopic Polyangiitis

Myeloperoxidase (MPO)-specific antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies have been proposed as pathogenic for microscopic polyangiitis. Supporting this hypothesis, a case report of transplacental anti-MPO antibody transfer presumably causing a vasculitis-like syndrome in the newborn is cited frequently. Here, we report a case of transplacental transfer of high levels of anti-MPO antibodies not resulting in clinical compromise in the newborn. The mother developed microscopic polyangiitis 5 years before the pregnancy. After induction therapy, remission was maintained with low-dose prednisone and azathioprine for 4.5 years despite high levels of anti-MPO antibodies (>100 U/mL). The patient elected to become pregnant, immunosuppression was maintained during pregnancy, and a normal-term neonate was delivered. The newborn's venous blood anti-MPO antibody levels decreased gradually from greater than 100 U/mL at birth to undetectable by day 120. No clinical manifestation of vasculitis developed in the newborn. This case supports that anti-MPO antibodies alone are not pathogenic without additional cofactors.
The rachitic tooth

Teeth are mineralized organs composed of three unique hard tissues, enamel, dentin, and cementum, and supported by the surrounding alveolar bone. Although odontogenesis differs from osteogenesis in several respects, tooth mineralization is susceptible to similar developmental failures as bone. Here we discuss conditions fitting under the umbrella of rickets, which traditionally referred to skeletal disease associated with vitamin D deficiency but has been more recently expanded to include newly identified factors involved in endocrine regulation of vitamin D, phosphate, and calcium, including phosphate-regulating endopeptidase homolog, X-linked, fibroblast growth factor 23, and dentin matrix protein 1. Systemic mineral metabolism intersects with local regulation of mineralization, and factors including tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase are necessary for proper mineralization, where rickets can result from loss of activity of tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase. Individuals suffering from rickets often bear the additional burden of a defective dentition, and transgenic mouse models have aided in understanding the nature and mechanisms involved in tooth defects, which may or may not parallel rachitic bone defects. This report reviews dental effects of the range of rachitic disorders, including discussion of etiologies of hereditary forms of rickets, a survey of resulting bone and tooth mineralization disorders, and a discussion of mechanisms, known and hypothesized, involved in the observed dental pathologies. Descriptions of human pathology are augmented by analysis of transgenic mouse models, and new interpretations are brought to bear on questions of how teeth are affected under conditions of rickets. In short, the rachitic tooth will be revealed.