cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesviruses EEHV1A, EEHV1B, and EEHV2 from Cases of Hemorrhagic Disease Are Highly Diverged from Other Mammalian Herpesviruses and May Form a New Subfamily

A family of novel endotheliotropic herpesviruses (EEHVs) assigned to the genus Proboscivirus have been identified as the cause of fatal hemorrhagic disease in 70 young Asian elephants worldwide. Although EEHV cannot be grown in cell culture, we have determined a total of 378 kb of viral genomic DNA sequence directly from clinical tissue samples from six lethal cases and two survivors. Overall, the data obtained encompass 57 genes, including orthologues of 32 core genes common to all herpesviruses, 14 genes found in some other herpesviruses, plus 10 novel genes, including a single large putative transcriptional regulatory protein (ORF-L). On the basis of differences in gene content and organization plus phylogenetic analyses of conserved core proteins that have just 20% to 50% or less identity to orthologues in other herpesviruses, we propose that EEHV1A, EEHV1B, and EEHV2 could be considered a new Deltaherpesvirinae subfamily of mammalian herpesviruses that evolved as an intermediate branch between the Betaherpesvirinae and Gammaherpesvirinae. Unlike cytomegaloviruses, EEHV genomes encode ribonucleotide kinase B subunit (RRB), thymidine kinase (TK), and UL9-like origin binding protein (OBP) proteins and have an alphaherpesvirus-like dyad symmetry Ori-Lyt domain. They also differ from all known betaherpesviruses by having a 40-kb large-scale inversion of core gene blocks I, II, and III. EEHV1 and EEHV2 DNA differ uniformly by more than 25%, but EEHV1 clusters into two major subgroups designated EEHV1A and EEHV1B with ancient partially chimeric features. Whereas large segments are nearly identical, three nonadjacent loci totaling 15 kb diverge by between 21 and 37%. One strain of EEHV1B analyzed is interpreted to be a modern partial recombinant with EEHV1A. IMPORTANCE Asian elephants are an endangered species whose survival is under extreme pressure in wild range countries and whose captive breeding populations in zoos are not self-sustaining. In 1999, a novel class of herpesviruses called EEHVs was discovered. These viruses have caused a rapidly lethal hemorrhagic disease in 20% of all captive Asian elephant calves born in zoos in the United States and Europe since 1980. The disease is increasingly being recognized in Asian range countries as well. These viruses cannot be grown in cell culture, but by direct PCR DNA sequence analysis from segments totaling 15 to 30% of the genomes from blood or necropsy tissue from eight different cases, we have determined that they fall into multiple types and chimeric subtypes of a novel Proboscivirus genus, and we propose that they should also be classified as the first examples of a new mammalian herpesvirus subfamily named the Deltaherpesvirinae.
Why do beta-receptor blockers decrease mortality after myocardial infarction?

D-type cyclins (cyclins D1, D2, and D3) are key components of cell cycle machinery in mammalian cells. These proteins are believed to drive cell cycle progression by associating with their kinase partners, cyclin-dependent kinases, and by directing phosphorylation of critical cellular substrates. In addition, D-cyclins play a kinase-independent role by sequestering cell cycle inhibitors p27Kip1 and p21Cip1. In the past, we and others generated cyclin D1-deficient mice and have shown that these mice display developmental abnormalities, hypoplastic retinas, and pregnancy-insensitive mammary glands. To test the significance of cyclin D1–p27Kip1 interaction within a living mouse, we crossed cyclin D1-deficient mice with mice lacking p27Kip1, and we generated double-mutant cyclin D1−/−p27−/− animals. Here we report that ablation of p27Kip1 restores essentially normal development in cyclin D1-deficient mice. Our results provide genetic evidence that p27Kip1 functions downstream of cyclin D1.
Reproductive Behavior in the Passifloraceae and Some of Its Pollinators in Central America

The movements of the styles (and consequently stigmas) of flowers of Central American Passifloraceae is described. The timing of this behavior is closely associated with the timing of flower visitors and pollinators; the result is that the first pollinators to arrive visit many flowers and can contact only anthers. Later, the styles bend over and these same insects place a mixture of pollen from many flowers on the stigmas, rather than a coat of pollen from the same flower as would have been the case had the styles been bent over from the time of flower opening. The flowers pollinated by hummingbirds (flying all day) are much slower to turn down their stigmas than are the species pollinated by early morning bees with a short flight period. It is postulated that the selective forces that have led to the timing and movements of the styles and stigmas are those positive advantages generally associated with out-crossing in plants.
Limits for the diffusion theory of high-frequency gas discharge breakdown

A study is made of the limits within which diffusion phenomena control the breakdown of a high frequency discharge. The discussion is based on proper variables for dimensional analysis, using the parameters $p\ensuremath{\Lambda}$, $p\ensuremath{\lambda}$ and $E\ensuremath{\Lambda}$, where $p$ is the pressure, $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ the characteristic diffusion length, $\ensuremath{\lambda}$ the wave-length of the excitation, and $E$ the breakdown electric field. The limits of applicability of the diffusion theory are found to be a uniform field limit, a mean free path limit, and an oscillation amplitude limit. Within these limits, a single function for the effective breakdown voltage, $E\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ and the energy per mean free path, $\frac{E}{p}$, correlated the breakdown voltages for all published data tested, covering a wave-length range from 10 cm to 17,000 cm.
Effects of Sediment Containing Coal Ash from the Kingston Ash Release on Embryo-Larval Development in the Fathead Minnow, Pimephales promelas (Rafinesque, 1820)

The largest environmental release of coal ash in US history occurred in December 2008 with the failure of a retention structure at the Tennessee Valley Authority Kingston Fossil Fuel Plant in East Tennessee. A byproduct of coal-burning power plants, coal ash is enriched in metals and metalloids such as selenium and arsenic with known toxicity to fish embryonic and larval life stages. The early development of fish embryos and larvae during contact exposures to river bottom sediments containing up to 78 % coal ash from the Kingston spill was examined in 7-day laboratory tests with the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). No significant effects were observed in hatching success, incidences of developmental abnormalities, or embryo-larval survival. Results suggest that direct exposures to sediment containing residual coal ash from the Kingston ash release may not present a significant risk to fish eggs and larvae in waterways affected by the coal ash spill.
Performance of a heavy-ion time-of-flight spectrometer

Abstract A heavy-ion time-of-flight spectrometer has been brought into operation at the Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) MP Tandem-Van-de-Graaff facility. The start detector consists of a very thin plastic scintillation detector and the stop detector is a commercial surface-barrier detector. The design and operation of the spectrometry are discussed. An overall time resolution of ∼0.3 ns is found to be routinely attainable under realistic experimental conditions. Plans to include a magnetic quadropole lens in the flight path as well as the ultimate application of the spectrometer are discussed.
The Susceptibility of Overt and Covert Integrity Tests to Coaching and Faking

Although previous research has indicated that faking can affect integrity test scores, the effects of coaching on integrity test scores have never been examined We conducted a between-subjects experiment to assess the effects of coaching and faking instructions on an overt and a covert integrity test Coaching provided simple rules to follow when answering test items and instructions on how to avoid elevated validity scale scores There were five instruction conditions “just take,” “fake good,” “coach overt,” “coach covert,” and coach both All subjects completed both overt and covert tests and a measure of intelligence Results provided strong evidence for the coachability of the overt integrity test, over and above the much smaller elevation in the faking condition The covert test apparently could be neither coached nor faked successfully Scores on both integrity tests tended to be positively correlated with intelligence in the coaching and faking conditions We discuss the generalizability of these results ...
Spectra: A computer program for gamma-ray analysis

FORTRAN 4 computer program for gamma ray energy spectra, determining peak locations, peak areas and elemental abundances
Hormonal augmentation of antimetabolite chemotherapy.

Summary1) The data show that combination of hormone, stilbestrol. and anti-vit. 6-aminonicotinamide, has a greater anti-tumor effect than that produced by either drug alone. Further, addition of testosterone to the combination lessens host toxicity without altering the anti-tumor effect. 2) At an enzymatic level stilbestrol enhanced ability of this niacin antagonist to antagonize conversion of malate to citrate, suggesting a possible mechanism of action to explain the observed biological facts.The authors acknowledge technical assistance of B. Bloch, R. Boyarsky, E. Davin, P. Hayworth, M. Janecik, P. Korodin, A. Martinez and A. Russo. We express our appreciation to Dr. W. Johnson of Frank W. Horner, Ltd., Montreal, Canada for 6-aminonico-tinamide; Dr. E. Henderson, Schering Corp., Bloom-field, N. J. for testosterone; and Dr. A. Gibson, Merck and Co., Rahway, N. J. for stilbestrol.
Structure-activity relationships for diorganotins, chlorinated benzenes, and chlorinated anilines established with bluegill sunfish BF-2 cells.

Abstract The bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) BF-2 cell line, propagated at 34°C, served as target for evaluation of the acute toxicities of various classes of aquatic pollutants, using the neutral red cytotoxicity assay. For a series of chlorinated benzenes and anilines, the sequence of cytotoxicity was dependent on the degree of chlorination and on their hydrophobicity, as described by their logarithmic octanol/water partition coefficients (long P values). With increasing numbers of chlorine atoms in the ring structure or with increasing log P values, greater cytotoxicity was observed. For a series of diorganotins, the sequence of cytotoxicity was dependent on the length of the carbon chain and upon their hydrophobicity, as described by Hansch π parameters. Thus, increasing the chain length or increasing the Hansch π parameter resulted in greater cytotoxicity. Similar structure-activity relationships for these classes of test agents have been previously established using acute toxicity LC50 assays with aquatic species. The ability of the neutral red in vitro cytotoxicity assay, with cultured fish cells as the bioindicators, to mimic the acute toxicity data obtained from the LC50 assays suggests its utility as a tool for preliminary screening (tier I testing) of aquatic pollutants.
The Government and the Carters in Spain, 1476–1700

ESPITE much recent research in the economic history of early modern Spain, little attention has been given to internal transport. References to the topic are based either on a handful of citations from chroniclers and travellers, which give fragmentary information about pack animal and cart transport, or on a single brief description of the professional ox-carters of the interior. These sources give us fleeting glimpses of carting around Burgos and Salamanca,' an estimate that as many as 400,000 mules were regularly used in Spanish transport in the I540'S,2 an itinerary of I546 listing the routes most commonly used in the interior, including some which were "carriageable",3 and a sketch of the routes followed by the professional ox-carters of Castile.4 The only coherent description of even a portion of the internal transportation of early modern Spain is buried in the work ofJulius Klein. In I920 Klein devoted three pages of his book on the Mesta to a description of cart transport and its relationship to the government.5 He described a national organization of carters, called the Cabanla Real de Carreteros, which was recognized by Isabella I in I497 and given a number of privileges similar to those of the Mesta. Supposedly included in these privileges was the creation of a special judge (Juez Conservador) with exclusive jurisdiction over disputes involving the carters' privileges. The carters presumably obtained their privileges because of the importance of the network of transfers which they maintained between the interior regions of Castile and the ports of Bilbao and Seville, carrying such basic commodities as woo], iron, salt, pottery, firewood, and mercury. Klein's account of this carting organization has found its way into most reconstructions of the Castilian economy. For lack of additional information, most of these studies assume a governmental agency for the carters' protection and attribute a considerable organization and capacity to the carting industry.6 At one point,Jaime VicensVives even transposes Klein's description ofthe carters' activi-
Identification of maize seedling mutants lacking starch accumulation capacity

A quick iodine staining test was utilized to screen leaves for the capacity to accumulate starch from exogenously supplied glucose. Five maize mutants which had reduced capacities for starch accumulation were isolated from chlorophyll-deficient stocks. Quantitative starch determinations confirmed the visual test results. The mutants, l 4, l7, l3, l4920, and w 11, accumulated 3, 4, 18, 29, and 35% of the starch of their respective normal sibs. These mutants are promising material for studies of enzymes responsible for starch biosynthesis and may prove useful for investigations of gene-plastid-enzyme relationships.
Revising the HR curriculum: an academic/practitioner partnership

In an effort to revise an undergraduate human resource management (HRM) curriculum and improve the relevance of the students’ learning, a collaborative effort between human resource management practitioners and HRM faculty was launched. The result was the design of a project‐based, action learning curriculum blending the knowledge acquisition that has historically been the outcome of university classroom training with the application that is so critical to effective functioning in the HRM work world. The paper provides guidance for others planning to improve the relevance of their curricula. The template presented in this paper emphasizes practitioner input, a willingness to adopt creative approaches to student learning, development of specific measurable outcomes, observable demonstrations of the learning of those outcomes and the creation of relevant, appropriate projects. Follow‐up comments after one year of experience with the newly revised curriculum are also included.
Domestic violence in the emergency department: How do women prefer to disclose and discuss the issues?

The purpose of this study was to survey women presenting to the emergency department (ED) and determine from them how best to identify and discuss issues of domestic violence (DV). An anonymous 10-question survey was given to ambulatory females presenting to the ED. It was conducted at two affiliated university hospital EDs, one an urban trauma center (ED 1) and the other an ED in an affluent suburban setting (ED 2). Two hundred forty-three women responded (73% response), 153 (63%) from ED 1 and 90 (37%) from ED 2. There were 21 women (9%) currently being abused, and 109 (45%) were past victims. Of all victims, 40 (36%) would only divulge DV if asked directly, 28 (25%) would volunteer this information without being asked, and 12 (11%) would not report DV even if asked. Of women who would reveal DV only if asked directly, 52 (45%) felt very comfortable disclosing this to an ED physician, although only 27 (24%) would reveal DV at a triage encounter. Of past or current victims, 43 (39%) would not disclose DV if they knew that ED personnel were required to report it. In conclusion, the ED is an appropriate setting to discuss DV issues. A significant percentage of women will disclose DV only if asked directly about it. Many victims of DV feel very comfortable discussing DV with ED physicians and nurses, although they may be less likely to reveal DV incidents at a triage encounter. Mandatory reporting laws may be an impediment to identifying cases of abuse.
Efficiency and reliability of Fowler-Nordheim tunnelling in CMOS floating-gate transistors

Floating-gate transistors are increasingly used for digital and/or analogue non-volatile memory in standard CMOS integrated circuits. The mask design of the floating-gate's tunnelling junction, where erasure and/or writing occur, is examined. Aided by static and transient tunnelling current measurements for a variety of tunnelling junctions, recommendations for constructing these junctions to minimise the duration, power consumption and oxide degradation of programming are presented.
An evaluation of the seasonal added value of downscaling over the United States using new verification measures

Two separate dynamically downscaled ensembles are used to assess the added value of downscaling over the continental United States on a seasonal timescale. One data set is from a 55-year continuous run forced with observed sea surface temperatures. The other data set has downscaling results from seven regional models for 21 winters forced from a single coupled global model. The second data set, known as the Multi-RCM Ensemble Downscaling (MRED) project was used as a collection of individual models as well as a multi-model ensemble. The data was first tested for the potential loss of small-scale details due to averaging, and it was found that the number of small-scale details is not reduced when averaging over several models or several years. The added value of the downscaling was then calculated by standard measures, including climatology and correlation, as well as two newer measures: the added value index (AVI) and fraction skill score (FSS). The additional verification measures provided more information about the added value than was found with the standard measures. In general, more added value was found with the multi-model ensemble than with individual models. While it was clear that the added value was dependent on the forcing model, regional model, season, variable, and region, there were some areas where the downscale consistently added value, particularly near the coast and in topographically interesting areas.
Ribonucleic Acid Synthesis in Experimental Cardiac Hypertrophy in Rats

The sequence of events which lead to increased RNA synthesis in the heart following aortic constriction was studied with the use of inhibitors of protein and RNA synthesis. Puromycin given during the first 4 hours after operation inhibited the increase in RNA labeling with [32P] H3PO4 that occurred after 4 hours of aortic constriction without inhibiting RNA labeling in sham-operated rats. Puromycin had no effect on the 32P labeling of the alpha-phosphate of AMP which suggests that the effect on labeling of RNA is not mediated by the lowering of precursor specific activity. The dose of puromycin used inhibited the labeling of heart muscle protein with 3H leucine. Parafluorophenylalanine had no selective inhibitory effect on the increase of RNA labeling in the hypertrophying heart. The most likely interpretation of these data is that, following aortic constriction, synthesis of protein is required for subsequent stimulation of RNA synthesis, and this protein may be dependent upon the synthesis of new RNA templates. Any early increased synthesis would be of a minority species of protein since there was no increase in amino acid labeling of total heart protein until 4 to 6 hours after aortic constriction. The stimulation of RNA labeling by aortic constriction was unaffected by digitalis treatment. The pressure-time index did not correlate with the increased labeling of RNA.
A comparison of liver protein changes in mice and hamsters treated with the peroxisome proliferator Wy‐14,643

Interspecies differences in the liver response to Wy-14,643, a potent peroxisome proliferator in rats and mice, have been demonstrated. While both rats and mice show dramatic increases in the number of peroxisomes, the activity of peroxisomal enzymes involved in the beta-oxidation of fatty acids, and heptocyte replication, Syrian hamsters have a more moderate peroxisome proliferation response and no sustained increase in cell replication. Rats and mice, but not hamsters, develop hepatocellular carcinoma after prolonged exposure to Wy-14,643. To further characterize this species difference, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) has been used to compare the effect of 14-day exposure to various dietary concentrations of Wy-14,643 on liver protein expression in male mice and hamsters. Digitized images of the 2-DE protein maps were searched for significant changes. The peroxisome bifunctional enzyme (PBE) enoyl CoA hydratase/3-hydroxyacyl dehydrogenase, which migrates to the same position in mouse and hamster liver protein 2-DE patterns, increased in abundance by more than three times the control level in both mice and hamsters. In addition to the quantitative change in PBE, significant quantitative changes (P < 0.001) were found in 49 mouse liver proteins (47 decreasing and 2 increasing) and in 35 hamster liver proteins (27 decreasing and 8 increasing). There was little overlap in the mouse and hamster proteins showing quantitative changes in response to Wy-14,643, with the exception of PBE and one unidentified liver protein with an approximate molecular weight of 50,000. These results show that although peroxisome proliferation occurs in the livers of both mice and hamsters exposed to Wy-14,643, other species-specific changes in proteins occur that are independent of the peroxisome proliferation response and that could be related to species-specific susceptibility or resistance to liver tumor induction.
The geometry of vibration-induced rotational mixing in molecules

Abstract In highly vibrationally excited molecules, rotational mixing describes the breakdown of K , the projection of the total molecular angular momentum on a body-fixed axis, as a good quantum number. We present a geometrical construction which illustrates the role of molecular vibrations in bringing about this breakdown.
Evaluation of a Modeling Approach to Assess Nitrogen Assimilative Capacity due to River Restoration

To improve water quality and enhance habitat for fish and wildlife, a restoration project was initiated on the Truckee River at McCarran Ranch, Nevada. A water quality model was parameterized using Hydrologic Simulation Program–Fortran to represent the river’s restored characteristics to test the hypothesis that restoration of the Truckee River improves the river’s nitrogen (N) assimilative capacity. This model was calibrated to data collected postrestoration, and modified to represent prerestoration conditions and additional potential restoration scenarios. Restoration scenarios involved changes in benthic algae habitat that affect in-stream N and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations. Assimilative capacity was assessed by comparing N loads for restoration scenarios that would result in meeting or exceeding prerestoration minimum DO concentration simulated under 2004 conditions. Modeled algal dynamics affected model results, which indicated that there is a certain amount of increased habitat that is benef...
Nuclear relaxation in normal and superconducting hydrogen alloys: Th4H15

Abstract T 1 measurements in the normal state show that the conduction electrons are responsible for the proton nuclear relaxation for T ⪅ 300°K. an additional mechanism appears in the superconducting state.
Public administration and public policy: old perspectives, new directions

Public administration has rather studiously avoided serious consideration of its ties to public policy throughout most of this century. The politics/administration dichotomy leaves a lasting legacy. Policy has a central place in the ongoing effort to explain what public administration is and how it functions. Policy defines the purpose of agencies, stipulates much of the detail about their organization, provides authority and legitimacy, and makes them important -- probably the most important--instruments of policy effectuation and evaluation. Public administration has traditionally displayed an interest in management; it has been studied, taught, and practiced as method, “how to.” This instrumentalist orientation has addressed successively different perspectives, all subsumed within the rubric of public administration. The first of these emphasized administrative reform, followed by an interest in scientific management. These left a legacy that largely treated administration as an end in itself, divorced...
Muscle recruitment with intrafascicular electrodes

The authors have studied muscle recruitment with Teflon-insulated, 24 mu m diameter, Pt-Ir intrafascicular electrodes implanted in nerves innervating the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles of cats. The purpose was to measure the performance of these bipolar electrodes, which were designed to optimize their ability to record unit activity from peripheral nerves, as stimulating electrodes. Recruitment curves identified the optimal stimulus configuration as a biphasic rectangular pulse, with an interphase separation of about 500 mu s and a duration of about 50 mu s. The current required for a half-maximal twitch contraction was on the order of 50 mu A. Current and charge densities needed for stimulation were well below levels believed to be safe for the tissue and electrode materials, involved. The spinal reflex contribution was not the same in all the implants. >
Cultural considerations in the treatment of craniofacial malformations in African Americans

African Americans represent the second largest ethnic group in the United States. Even though there are mixtures of other races and cultures, their primary ancestry is African. Because of their heritage and cultural practices in the United States, the acceptance of the diagnosis and treatment of craniofacial anomalies is different from that of other groups. Positive aspects of the culture that augment the treatment of disorders include the strength of the family and a strong religious belief system. Factors that may impede the effectiveness of clinical intervention are economics and accessibility to medical care.
The Problems of Success - Gynecologic Issues for Adolescent Women Following Organ Transplantation

Background Increasing numbers of children are recipients of organ transplantation. Physicians are challenged to care for a new population of pediatric and adolescent patients on chronic immunosuppressive therapy. This study evaluates the gynecologic sequelae of immunosuppressive therapy in adolescent women with successful organ transplantation. Methods Thirteen organ transplant recipients referred for gynecologic consultation were identified by retrospective chart review. All patients were 18 years or younger at the time of initial transplant, were at least 12 years of age at the time of consultation, and had been on immunosuppressive therapy for at least one year. Results Subjects’ age at initial transplant ranged from 8 to 18 years (average= 13.26 years). The thirteen patients received renal (6, one patient had three consecutive renal transplants), cardiac (2), lung (3), liver (1), and bone marrow (1) transplants. All patients had received cyclosporin A, and prednisone. Other immunosuppressants included: imuran(9), cytoxan (3), and methotrexate (2). Onset of menarche ranged from 12 to 17 years (average 14 years), two were premenarcheal. Three patients had premature ovarian failure and were on hormone replacement therapy. Premature ovarian failure was associated with cytoxan in two renal transplant patients and total body irradiation for the bone marrow transplant patient. Two of these patients have low bone mineral density as determined by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Seven patients developed menorrhagia, and were treated by medical management, one required hospitalization and blood transfusion. Five of the 13 patients were sexually active, with 1–5 life partners (average 2.5 partners). Screening studies for sexual1y transmitted diseases (STDs) revealed chlamydia (1), cervical atypia (8) and genital warts (3). One heart transplant patient became pregnant and developed Grade III A rejection and congestive heart failure as a result of inability to take her medication due to nausea. Conclusion This study indicates that adolescent transplant recipients on chronic immunosuppressive regimens are at risk for premature ovarian failure, infertility and osteoporosis. Sexually active adolescent transplant recipients risk STDs and have a high risk of cervical dysplasia. An unplanned pregnancy in one patient resulted in a life-threatening event. These data indicate that all organ transplant recipients and potential recipients should undergo gynecologic evaluation, and receive (1) counseling about the risks of sexual activity (2) cervical pap smears (3) STD screening and (4) contraceptive counseling as pan of their pre and post transplant comprehensive care.
Defect properties of Sb- and Bi-doped CuInSe2: The effect of the deep lone-pair s states

Bi or Sb doping has been used to make better material properties of polycrystalline Cu2(In,Ga)Se2 as solar cell absorbers, including the experimentally observed improved electrical properties. However, the mechanism is still not clear. Using first-principles method, we investigate the stability and electronic structure of Bi- and Sb-related defects in CuInSe2 and study their effects on the doping efficiency. Contrary to previous thinking that Bi or Sb substituted on the anion site, we find that under anion-rich conditions, the impurities can substitute on cation sites and are isovalent to In because of the formation of the impurity lone pair s states. When the impurities substitute for Cu, the defects act as shallow double donors and help remove the deep InCu level, thus resulting in the improved carrier life time. On the other hand, under anion-poor conditions, impurities at the Se site create amphoteric deep levels that are detrimental to the device performance.
EMOTIONAL BONDEDNESS AND SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING: Between Nursing Home Roommates

The majority of the nursing home residents in this study demonstrated a cordial, nonconflictive bond with their roommates. More positive bonds were associated with a greater number of positive emotions and greater satisfaction with the nursing home. Overall, results suggest nursing interventions designed to enhance roommate bondedness could promote psychological health and quality of life among a group of frail older adults.
Effects upon verbal learning of stimulus similarity, number of stimuli per response, and concept formation

Summary Two experiments are reported. In Experiment I, paired-associate learning was studied with ten groups of six college students each. Stimuli were color caps selected from the Farnsworth-Munsell color test; responses were nonsense syllables. Two sets of eight color caps were used, one of high, the other of low interstimulus similarity. In some conditions one stimulus was assigned to a response; in others there were two stimuli per response; in others, four. In some conditions similar colors were assigned to the same nonsense syllable (allowing concept formation); in others colors were randomly assigned to a syllable (forcing rote learning). There were 100 learning trials, and each correct response was rewarded by payment of cash. A correction procedure was used. Analysis of the mean numbers of correct responses (after correction for guessing) allows the following conclusions: ( a ) both rote and concept learning is better when stimuli are of low similarity; ( b ) rote learning is much more difficult than concept learning; ( c ) increases in the numbers of stimuli per response hinder rote learning but aid concept learning. The results of Experiment II suggest that the influence of the number of stimuli per response on rote learning is not independent of response time. The mean performance difference between one and four stimuli per response is small and nonsignificant when S s are allowed only 2 sec. to respond, compared with a larger and significant difference when S s are free to determine response time. This finding provides an explanation of some discrepant results of earlier studies.
Monitoring of fetal radiation exposure during pregnancy.

Background One unique concern of vascular surgeons and trainees is radiation exposure associated with increased endovascular practice. The safety of childbearing is a particular worry for current and future women in vascular surgery. Little is known regarding actual fetal radiation exposure. This multi-institutional study aimed to evaluate the radiation dosages recorded on fetal dosimeter badges and compare them to external badges worn by the same cohort of women. Methods All women who declared pregnancy with potential radiation exposure were required to wear two radiation monitors at each institution, one outside and the other inside the lead apron. Maternal (external) and fetal monitor dosimeter readings were analyzed. Maternal radiation exposures prior to, during, and postpregnancy were also assessed to determine any associated behavior modification. Results Eighty-one women declared pregnancy from 2008 to 2011 and 32 had regular radiation exposure during pregnancy. Maternal whole-body exposures ranged from 21-731 mrem. The average fetal dosimeter recordings for the cohort rounded to zero. Only two women had positive fetal dosimeter recordings; one had a single recording of 3 mrem and the other had a single recording of 7 mrem. There was no significant difference between maternal exposures prior to, during, and postpregnancy. Conclusions Lack of knowledge of fetal radiation exposure has concerned many vascular surgeons, prompting them to wear double lead aprons during pregnancy, and perhaps prevented numerous other women from entering the field. Our study showed negligible radiation exposure on fetal monitoring suggesting that with the appropriate safety precautions, these concerns may be unwarranted.
Fluctuation-induced conductivity above the critical temperature in small- particle arrays

Small tin particle arrays show a component of conductivity above the critical temperature that can be described by an Aslamasov-Larkin-type fluctuation-induced conductivity term Δσ0 in the zero-dimensional limit. A simple model is introduced to unfold experimental results for Δσ0 from experimental data. Those results show that it is proportional to l/(T−T c )2 over a broad temperature range, in agreement with theoretical predictions. Its absolute magnitude is difficult to measure precisely, but our estimate for it is of the same order of magnitude as the theoretical prediction. Other order-of-magnitude estimates show that Josephson coupling, thermal noise, and Maki term effects can be neglected forT−T c >20 mK.
Gap Analysis of College Student Satisfaction as a Measure of Professional Service Quality

The emphasis on providing quality service has become an over-riding concern of the 1980s. To date, most of the research has been on ways to classify, conceptualize and measure service quality in for-profit organizations. This paper reports the results of a study on service quality in a professional service, higher education. The report uses the notion of gaps as presented in the Parasuraman, Zeithaml and Berry model of service quality.
THE EFFECT OF HALOTHANE ON OXYGEN TRANSPORT IN LIVER AND BRAIN TISSUE

SUMMARY Normal rat liver and brain slice respiration was studied at 37°C by the polarographic technique of Longmuir in the presence of oxygenated solutions and with addition of clinical concentrations of halothane to the mixtures. In the presence of oxygen alone, passive and facilitated diffusion seem responsible for the transport of oxygen in both tissues. In presence of halothane, the passive diffusion is predominantly inhibited.
Evidence for Genetic Heterogeneity of the Carney Complex (Familial Atrial Myxoma Syndromes)

Myxoma is the most common type of primary cardiac tumor, accounting for 1/3 to 1/2 of all cases. Although a majority are sporadic, about 7% are familial, with autosomal dominant inheritance. The Carney complex refers to the association of atrial myxomas with extracardiac myxomas or Cushing syndrome or both, with or without multiple lentigines and pigmented nevi. The disorder is genetically heterogeneous, with multiple families being linked to 2p16 and a single report of one family not linked. We investigated two multigenerational kindreds, with 10 members affected by the Carney complex. By using microsatellite markers that span the candidate region, we established haplotypes for affected and unaffected family members. Our two kindreds do not show linkage to the chromosome 2p16 region. This study provides further evidence for genetic heterogeneity of the gene(s) involved in producing the Carney complex.
A solution to the strong CP problem in the SU(5) model

Abstract The possibility of naturally suppressing strong CP violation in the grand unified SU(5) model is examined. We show that a recent solution to the quark-lepton mass ratio problem by Georgi and Jarlskog can be extended in such a way as to yield a zero strong CP-violating parameter θ at the tree level and a small value for it coming from higher-order effects, along with reasonable mass ratios and mixing angles. Several phenomenological implications of the model are noted.
Analysis of the effectiveness of manufacturer-sponsored retailer gift cards in supply chains

Abstract Some manufacturers sponsor “free” retailer gift cards to be given to consumers who purchase their products. These gift cards are paid for by the manufacturer and are redeemable on all products at the retailer. We develop a model of such a supply chain. We analyze cases in which the gift cards’ redemption rate is constant or increasing in gift card value. The results indicate that in addition to the redemption rate and consumers’ valuation for gift card dollars, the profitability of manufacturer-sponsored gift cards depends on the average gross margin of the retailer and the type of purchases consumers make with gift cards. Furthermore, we show that under certain conditions, free gift cards will increase the expected profits of the retailer and manufacturer as well as decrease the retail price of the product. These conditions include a retailer with large average gross margin and consumers using gift cards to purchase products they would not buy with cash otherwise. Furthermore, all consumers, including those who do not redeem the gift card, are more likely to benefit from a reduced retail price when their probability of redeeming the gift card after purchase is equal to their estimated redemption probability at purchase time. We show the conditions under which gift cards are more profitable than cash mail-in rebates. We develop an incentive scheme to improve the performance of supply chains with gift cards.
Prototype for wrapping and visualizing geo-referenced data in a distributed environment using XML technology

This paper proposes a prototype for integration and visualization of geo-referenced information (GRI) in a distributed environment in general and World Wide Web in particular. This prototype adopts a three-tier architecture and includes three main components: GRI wrapper for distributed GRI web sites, GRI integration mediator and client side visualization interface.In this prototype, XML is used as a communication protocol between distributed web sites that provide GRI and the mediator, and between the mediator and clients. Java Servlets are written to translate data in distributed websites into XML documents. Data in distributed websites can be stored in a flat file, relational database, object-oriented database or object-relational database. Java Servlet in the mediator server retrieves data from related distributed websites in an XML format upon a request from the client side, parses the retrieved XML documents, performs merge or other operations on the retrieved XML documents to build a new XML document and sends it to the client side. When the client side gets the requested data from the mediator server, it will parse the returned XML document and draw it inside the browser window by using a Java applet.
Application of the freeze fracture technique to the study of human neuromuscular disease.

This is a review of the application of the freeze fracture technique to the study of human neuromuscular disease. The advantages and limitations of the method are discussed, and the application of the technique is illustrated by a study of skeletal muscle plasma membrane in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
ELECTROSPRAY IONIZATION MASS SPECTROMETRY OF CYCLODEXTRIN COMPLEXES OF AMINO ACIDS AND PEPTIDES

Appropriate complex-forming side-chains of peptides and proteins can bind cyclodextrins. We have characterized interactions of amino acids with cyclodextrins by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The stoichiometry of various α-cyclodextrin/protonated tryptophan complexes sampled from solution to the gas phase by ESI was revealed by taking advantage of the extended mass range and high mass resolution of a Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance instrument. Binding of β-cyclodextrin to recombinant human insulin has been demonstrated.
On thermal radiation from heated metallic dust grains

We investigate the thermal radiation from small metallic dust grains heated to high temperatures, using a Drude model for the temperature dependence of the optical constants of the grain material. We use both Mie theory and approximate expressions for the absorption efficiency of the grains and compare the corresponding results. The thermal radiation from dust particles composed of fusion relevant metals is computed, and comparisons are made with available data on the emissivity of metal flat surfaces at high temperatures. For fixed temperature T, we find that the maximum of the thermal radiation intensity (normalized by the black body radiation intensity) occurs when the grain radius is roughly of the order of 1/2π times the wavelength where maximum thermal radiation occurs as given by Wien's law. Because of this, in certain parameter ranges smaller grains can have higher emissivity than larger ones. The analysis may have application to several areas including dust in fusion devices.
Assembling Partial Perspectives: Thoughts on the Anthropology of Bureaucracy

This symposium should stimulate welcome conversation on the role of bureaucracy in the sociomaterial worlds that anthropologists study. Bureaucracy is not frequently found as a keyword in anthropological journals; historically, the topic has been the domain of sociologists and political scientists. But calls for ethnographic exploration of the everyday workings of the state have grown louder in recent years, while at the same time anthropologists have begun conducting fieldwork in such bureaucratically structured sites as scientific laboratories, academic institutions, and non-governmental organizations. Broadly speaking, an interest in knowledge production has soared within the discipline, and producing knowledge—reams and reams of it indeed—is what bureaucracies do best. To self-reflexive anthropologists, long-lost bureaucrats as we will see, this vintage social science subject could soon become vital.
Lomitapide: A novel agent for the treatment of homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia.

Purpose The pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and clinical efficacy and safety of lomitapide in the management of homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH) are reviewed. Summary Lomitapide (Juxtapid, Aegerion Pharmaceuticals) is an oral microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) inhibitor indicated for the treatment of patients with HoFH, a rare form of hypercholesterolemia that can lead to premature atherosclerotic disease. In clinical trials, the use of lomitapide alone or in combination with other lipid-lowering modalities reduced plasma concentrations of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) by a mean of more than 50%. Lomitapide is associated with significant gastrointestinal adverse effects and increases in hepatic fat levels. Lomitapide undergoes hepatic metabolism via cytochrome P-450 (CYP) isoenzyme 3A4 and interacts with CYP3A4 substrates including atorvastatin and simvastatin; dose adjustment is recommended when lomitapide is used concurrently with these agents. In patients receiving concomitant warfarin, the International Normalized Ratio (INR) should be closely monitored, as lomitapide use may increase INR values. The recommended initial dosage of lomitapide is 5 mg once daily, with subsequent upward dose adjustment at specified intervals according to tolerability. Lomitapide is contraindicated in patients with moderate-to-severe liver disease, patients with sustained abnormal liver function tests, patients taking strong or moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors, and pregnant patients. Conclusion Lomitapide is an oral MTP inhibitor approved for the treatment of HoFH. This agent appears to be a realistic option for patients with HoFH who are unable to attain their LDL-C goal or cannot tolerate statin therapy.
Inhibition of the sea urchin sperm acrosome reaction by a lignin-derived macromolecule

Abstract The major organic components of effluents from commercial pulping processes are lignin-derived macromolecules (LDMs), which have recently been shown to inhibit fertilization and embryonic development in a variety of marine organisms, as well as to exhibit immunostimulating activity in mammalian cells. We conducted studies on the effects of an isolated LDM from bleached kraft mill effluent (BKME), and its sub-components, at the cellular level utilizing the purple sea urchin ( Strongylocentrotus purpuratus ) sperm acrosome reaction (AR) as an experimental system. The AR is an event that is induced by the egg's jelly coat and is prerequisite for successful fertilization. Sperm were preincubated with increasing concentrations of isolated LDM or electrophoretically purified LDM sub-components, followed by addition of isolated egg jelly to induce the AR in vitro. These LDM preparations significantly inhibited the AR as assessed by fluorescence (utilizing the rhodamine-conjugated phallicidin) and transmission electron microscopy. Preincubation of sperm with LDM did not have any effect on sperm motility. The level of AR inhibition was comparable to that observed in experiments assessing successful fertilization. The ability of LDM to inhibit jelly induced AR was overcome by the calcium ionophores A23187 and ionomycin. In addition, LDM was shown to inhibit the normal increase in intracellular calcium (Ca ++ ) associated with induction of the AR. When eggs were preincubated with LDM prior to addition of unexposed sperm, no effect on fertilization was observed, indicating that LDM specifically affects sperm function during fertilization. Fine structural studies, utilizing biotinylated LDM, confirmed LDM's specificity and revealed that its binding was restricted to the plasma membrane domain of the sperm head. The present observations on the inhibition of the AR by LDM is consistent with our hypothesis that this macromolecule inhibits the AR by blocking egg jelly interaction with the sperm surface, thus inhibiting ionic events such as increases in intracellular calcium. Our present approach also demonstrates that echinoderm sperm functions can be used as a model system for the investigation of the mode of action of toxicants at the sub-cellular level.