cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lewis Acid-Promoted, Stereocontrolled, Gram Scale, Diels-Alder Cycloadditions of Electronically Matched 2-Pyrones and Vinyl Ethers: The Critical Importance of Molecular Sieves and the Temperature of Titanium Coordination with the Pyrone.

(R)-(+)-Binol−titanium coordinates with commercial methyl 2-pyrone-3-carboxylate and promotes mild, highly enantiocontrolled Diels−Alder cycloadditions with electron-rich vinyl ether CH2CHOCH2-1-naphthyl and vinyl silyl ether CH2CHOSiMe2Bu-t leading to valuable 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol) intermediate (−)-2. Unexpectedly, two subtle variables were found to be critical for obtaining reproducibly over 90% enantioselectivities in gram scale cycloadditions: (1) the moisture content (15−17% is best) of the molecular sieves used to prepare the binol−titanium complex according to the Mikami protocol and (2) the temperature (50 °C is best) at which the pyrone ester is mixed with the binol−titanium complex. Unsubstituted 2-pyrone undergoes ytterbium-promoted, high-pressure, regioselective, and stereoselective Diels−Alder cycloaddition with benzyl vinyl ether to form versatile bicyclic lactone (±)-4 on gram scale.
Raf-1 kinase, epidermal growth factor receptors, and mutant ras proteins in colonic carcinomas

Epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) and ras mutations are known to play a significant role in controlling cell growth and tumor promotion. Both of them transmit mitogenic signals to the nucleus by activation of Raf-1 kinase. In this study, the expression of EGFR and mutant Ras proteins, and, for the first time, the expression, phosphorylation and kinase activity of Raf-1 kinase have been determined in paired samples of colorectal cancer and mucosa. The tumor and mucosa samples did not differ significantly with regard to Raf-1 kinase content and activity. A major difference between tumors and mucosa was found, however, in the phosphorylation of Raf-1. Most of the mucosa samples (13/20), but only 1/20 of the cancer samples, contained hyperphosphorylated Raf-1. EGFR were significantly (p = 0.0025) decreased in the tumors. The decreased phosphorylation of Raf-1 in colonic carcinomas could be the result of activation of Raf-1 phosphatases or inactivation of kinases phosphorylating Raf-1. New forms of treatment based on EGFR overexpression do not seem to be suitable for the majority of colonic cancers.
John Hampden Chamberlayne and the rhetoric of Southern histories

Southerners have a double history in that they have been Americans and Southerners at war with Americans. They have both a revolutionary and constitutional history, and a confederate history. In th...
Estimation of sperm concentration of wild and reconditioned brown trout, Salmo trutta L.

Sperm concentrations were assessed for milt samples taken from three stocks of brown trout, Salmo trutta L., (wild resident trout, and reconditioned and seareared sea trout) using direct counts, spermatocrit and an optical density of 1:1000 dilutions. There were significant linear relationships between spermatocrit and absorbance, and both spermatocrit and absorbance with sperm concentration. The results gave sperm concentrations from 2.2 × 109 mL−1 to 26 × 109 mL−1. Mean concentrations differed significantly between stocks; the reconditioned males had a mean concentration of 9.1 × 109 mL−1, sea-reared males 18.0 × 109 mL−1 and 8.0 × 109 mL−1 in 1994 and 1995, respectively, and wild resident males 13.3 × 109 mL−1. Sperm concentrations from all three stocks of trout were negatively correlated with length, and therefore, age. It was indicated that sufficient milt was being produced to achieve good rates of fertilization, although some of the larger trout did have low sperm counts, suggesting that fertilizing ability may decrease with male size or age within any one stock.
Amide H/2H Exchange Reveals Communication Between the cAMP and Catalytic Subunit-binding Sites in the RIα Subunit of Protein Kinase A

Abstract The changes in backbone hydrogen/deuterium (H/ 2 H) exchange in the regulatory subunit (R I α(94–244)) of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) were probed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The three naturally occurring states of the regulatory subunit were studied: (1) free R I α(94–244), which likely represents newly synthesized protein, (2) R I α(94–244) bound to the catalytic (C) subunit, or holoenzyme, and (3) R I α(94–244) bound to cAMP. Protection from amide exchange upon C-subunit binding was observed for the helical subdomain, including the A-helix and B-helix, pointing to regions adjacent to those shown to be important by mutagenesis. In addition, C-subunit binding caused changes in observed amide exchange in the distal cAMP-binding pocket. Conversely, cAMP binding caused protection in the cAMP-binding pocket and increased exchange in the helical subdomain. These results suggest that the mutually exclusive binding of either cAMP or C-subunit is controlled by binding at one site transmitting long distance changes to the other site.
New Sections, Combinations, and Varieties in Rosaceae, Potentilleae

ABSTRACT Eight new sectional names are proposed in Rosaceae, tribe Potentilleae: Horkelia Chamisso & Schlechtendal sect. Capitatae (Rydberg) Ertter & Reveal, section Hispidulae Ertter & Reveal, and section Parryae Ertter & Reveal; Ivesia Torrey & A. Gray sect. Comarella (Rydberg) Ertter & Reveal, section Saxosae (Rydberg) Ertter & Reveal, section Stellariopsis (Baillon) Ertter & Reveal, and section Unguiculatae (Rydberg) Ertter & Reveal; and Potentilla L. sect. Hippianae (Rydberg) Ertter & Reveal. Thirteen varietial combinations are proposed: Horkelia californica Chamisso & Schlechtendal var. elata (Greene) Ertter & Reveal and variety frondosa (Greene) Ertter & Reveal; H. clevelandii (Greene) Rydberg var. brevibracteata (Wiggins) Ertter & Reveal; H. cuneata Lindley var. puberula (Rydberg) Ertter & Reveal and variety sericea (A. Gray) Ertter & Reveal; H. daucifolia (Greene) Rydberg var. caruifolia (Rydberg ex Howell) Ertter & Reveal and variety indicta (Jepson) Ertter & Reveal; H. fusca Lindley var. browni...
Rectifying orphan components using group-failover in distributed real-time and embedded systems

Orphan requests are a significant problem for multi-tier distributed systems since they adversely impact system correctness by violating the exactly-once semantics of applications and may waste resources. Orphan requests stem from the failure(s) of non-deterministic components involved in nested invocations of replicated components. Resolving this problem in the context of resource constrained, component-based, distributed real-time and embedded (DRE) systems that form end-to-end task chains is challenging because conventional transaction-based solutions cannot assure real-time properties of the DRE applications. To address these challenges, this paper presents a group-failover protocol that comprises three key capabilities: real-time failure detection and client failover, timely mitigation of orphan requests, and two novel application state consistency strategies to ensure the correctness of DRE systems by maintaining the exactly-once semantics even during failures. Our solution is implemented in the context of the CIAO real-time CORBA Component Model middleware. Empirical evaluations of the group-failover protocol in both fault-free and failure recovery scenarios for DRE task chains of different sizes demonstratesa low overhead and predictable performance.
The Arab Spring: Ideals of the Iranian Green Movement, Methods of the Iranian Revolution

Which Iranian uprising does the Arab Spring bring to mind? The Green Movement of 2009, which challenged the pillars of the Islamic Republic of Iran, or the Iranian Revolution of 1979, which brought the Islamic Republic to power?
Notes on bit allocation in the time and frequency domains

A recent paper by Honda and Itakura [1] presents a system for speech encoding at 6.4-16 kbits/s based upon adaptive predictive coding with dynamic bit allocation in the time and frequency domains. However, they omit references to several earlier important papers on these topics. A brief historical survey is presented here which puts the work in [1] in perspective.
k T factorization is violated in production of high-transverse-momentum particles in hadron-hadron collisions

We show that hard-scattering factorization is violated in the production of high-${p}_{T}$ hadrons in hadron-hadron collisions, in the case that the hadrons are back-to-back, so that ${k}_{T}$ factorization is to be used. The explicit counterexample that we construct is for the single-spin asymmetry with one beam transversely polarized. The Sivers function needed here has particular sensitivity to the Wilson lines in the parton densities. We use a greatly simplified model theory to make the breakdown of factorization easy to check explicitly. But the counterexample implies that standard arguments for factorization fail not just for the single-spin asymmetry but for the unpolarized cross section for back-to-back hadron production in QCD in hadron-hadron collisions. This is unlike corresponding cases in ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ annihilation, Drell-Yan, and deeply inelastic scattering. Moreover, the result endangers factorization for more general hadroproduction processes.
Effect of Interface Mechanical Properties on Pullout in a SiC-Fiber-Reinforced Lithium Aluminum Silicate Glass-Ceramic

The pullout of fibers in the crack wake makes an important contribution to the toughness of ceramic-matrix composites. The pullout is, in turn, influenced by the properties of the fibers and by the sliding resistance of the interface. Basic relationships governing the pullout are developed analytically and investigated experimentally using a lithium aluminum silicate/silicon carbide (LAS/SIC) composite subjected to various heat treatments. The experiments involve determining the strengths of single fibers and then measuring the pullout distributions. The results are used to provide a consistent view of the pullout process and related changes in mechanical properties.
A coercive interactional style as an antecedent to aggression in psychiatric patients

As with society at large, violence in psychiatric settings is a serious clinical problem. Despite a great deal of attention, however, very little is currently known about the underlying theory or interventions to reduce aggression and violence in hospital settings. In this study, some psychiatric patients were viewed as having a general, aggressive, interactional style, motivated by the traits of Intimidation and Interpersonal Control, which when combined were labeled Coercion. A causal model in which violence and aggression were hypothesized to be predicted by a coercive interpersonal style and negatively predicted by an accommodating interpersonal style was tested. These interpersonal styles were proposed to mediate antecedent variables, that is, history of violence, psychiatric diagnoses, and length of hospitalization. Data were collected in two hospitals on psychiatric patients (N = 156) and analyzed using multiple regression techniques. The results of theoretical model testing suggested that 60% of the variance in Aggression was explained by four model variables: (a) Intimidation and Interpersonal Control (Coercion) (beta = .44), (b) Length of Hospitalization (beta = .26), (c) History of Violence (beta = .27), and (d) Bipolar Affective Syndrome (beta = .21). The implications for clinical care are discussed.
Gastrin-releasing peptide: A potential growth factor expressed in human neuroblastoma tumors

Abstract PURPOSE: Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) is a 27–amino acid neuropeptide that has been identified in the cytoplasm of many neuroendocrine tumors. Gastrin releasing peptide has been labeled as an autocrine growth factor in small cell lung carcinomas. Recent work has also shown this to be true in the growth of neuroblastoma cells in vitro. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate GRP and its receptor (GRP-R) in resected human neuroblastomas and to correlate the presence or absence with other known predictors of poor prognosis. Methods To demonstrate the presence of GRP and GRP-R mRNA, total RNA was extracted from human neuroblastoma cells. A reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was then performed using specific primers. The products of the RT-PCR were then confirmed to be GRP and GRP-R cDNA by Southern blot analysis. The RT-PCR products were then sequenced, and these sequences were compared with the know sequences of GRP and GRP-R DNA. Results N = 19. GRP and GRP-R mRNA were present in all neuroblastoma specimens. Although no correlation with other known predictors of poor prognosis existed, transcripts of four different sizes (400, 450, 500, and 950 bp) were seen in the GRP-R transcripts. The sequences of the 950 bp–sized transcript reverse transcription PCR products were identical to the known GRP-R. Conclusions We conclude that gastrin releasing peptide and gastrin releasing peptide receptor mRNA are present in all human neuroblastomas. Although qualitatively it appears to lack prognostic significance, its ubiquitous nature in the tumor suggests it may be a useful target on which to base future treatment modalities.
Rationality, Reasoning and Group Agency

The rationality of individual agents is secured for the most part by their make-up or design. Some agents, however - in particular, human beings - rely on the intentional exercise of thinking or reasoning in order to promote their rationality further; this is the activity that is classically exemplified in Rodin's sculpture of Le Penseur. Do group agents have to rely on reasoning in order to maintain a rational profile? Recent results in the theory of judgment aggregation show that under a range of plausible conditions they do. In a slogan: group agents are made, not born.
Self-similar breakup of a Giesekus jet

We derive a self-similar solution which describes the asymptotic behavior of a jet of a Giesekus fluid as the breakup point is approached.
A retrospective examination of theory use in nutrition education

Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the literature in nutrition education research in order to identify changes in the frequency of theory- or model-driven research in the past ten years, as well as to identify the specific theories and models that authors have used. All papers in the Journal of Nutrition Education and abstracts in Dissertation Abstracts that reported any data collection during the years 1980–1990 (n = 346) were read and coded into categories of theory/model use or no use. Studies that utilized theory and/or models were further divided into five subcategories using Gowin's educative commonplaces. These subcategories included teacher, learner, curriculum, governance, and other. Results indicate that three-fourths of the studies do not explicitly use a theory or model to select variables or methods or to interpret the results. This proportion has stayed constant over the decade, even with an increase in the number of studies reported. Most of the theories used are drawn from the psychological literature. Alternative theories are presented. The need for a set of theories is emphasized to better address the issues pertinent to nutrition education research.
t-divergence Based Approximate Inference

Approximate inference is an important technique for dealing with large, intractable graphical models based on the exponential family of distributions. We extend the idea of approximate inference to the t-exponential family by defining a new t-divergence. This divergence measure is obtained via convex duality between the log-partition function of the t-exponential family and a new t-entropy. We illustrate our approach on the Bayes Point Machine with a Student's t-prior.
Motion coherence affects human perception and pursuit similarly

Pursuit and perception both require accurate information about the motion of objects. Recovering the motion of objects by integrating the motion of their components is a difficult visual task. Successful integration produces coherent global object motion, while a failure to integrate leaves the incoherent local motions of the components unlinked. We compared the ability of perception and pursuit to perform motion integration by measuring direction judgments and the concomitant eye-movement responses to line-figure parallelograms moving behind stationary rectangular apertures. The apertures were constructed such that only the line segments corresponding to the parallelogram's sides were visible; thus, recovering global motion required the integration of the local segment motion. We investigated several potential motion-integration rules by using stimuli with different object, vector-average, and line-segment terminator-motion directions. We used an oculometric decision rule to directly compare direction discrimination for pursuit and perception. For visible apertures, the percept was a coherent object, and both the pursuit and perceptual performance were close to the object-motion prediction. For invisible apertures, the percept was incoherently moving segments, and both the pursuit and perceptual performance were close to the terminator-motion prediction. Furthermore, both psychometric and oculometric direction thresholds were much higher for invisible apertures than for visible apertures. We constructed a model in which both perception and pursuit are driven by a shared motion-processing stage, with perception having an additional input from an independent static-processing stage. Model simulations were consistent with our perceptual and oculomotor data. Based on these results, we propose the use of pursuit as an objective and continuous measure of perceptual coherence. Our results support the view that pursuit and perception share a common motion-integration stage, perhaps within areas MT or MST.
Algorithms and architectures for concurrent Viterbi decoding

The sequential nature of the Vitterbi algorithm places an inherent upper limit on the decoding throughput of the algorithm in a given integrated circuit technology and thereby restricts its applications. Three methods of generating inherently unlimited concurrency in Viterbi decoding, for both controllable and uncontrollable shift register processes and Markov processes, are described. Concurrent decoders using these methods can apply high-throughput architectures with an overhead of pipeline latches or parallel hardware. A feasible method for bypassing the hardware limit is also proposed for decoding at an arbitrarily high as well as variable throughput. The proposed methods make real-time Viterbi decoding in the gigabit-per-second range feasible for convolutional and trellis codes. >
Growth in elevated CO2 protects photosynthesis against high-temperature damage

We present evidence that plant growth at elevated atmospheric CO 2 increases the high-temperature tolerance of photosynthesis in a wide variety of plant species under both greenhouse and field conditions. We grew plants at ambient CO 2 (- 360 pmol mol -1 ) and elevated CO 2 (550-1000 μmol mol -1 ) in three separate growth facilities, including the Nevada Desert Free-Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment (FACE) facility. Excised leaves from both the ambient and elevated CO 2 treatments were exposed to temperatures ranging from 28 to 48 °C. In more than half the species examined (4 of 7, 3 of 5, and 3 of 5 species in the three facilities), leaves from elevated CO 2 -grown plants maintained PSII efficiency (F v /F m ) to significantly higher temperatures than ambient-grown leaves. This enhanced PSII thermotolerance was found in both woody and herbaceous species and in both monocots and dicots. Detailed experiments conducted with Cucumis sativus showed that the greater F v /F m in elevated versus ambient CO 2 -grown leaves following heat stress was due to both a higher F m and a lower F o , and that F v /F m differences between elevated and ambient CO 2 -grown leaves persisted for at least 20 h following heat shock. Cucumis sativus leaves from elevated CO 2 -grown plants had a critical temperature for the rapid rise in F o that averaged 2.9 °C higher than leaves from ambient CO 2 -grown plants, and maintained a higher maximal rate of net CO 2 assimilation following heat shock. Given that photosynthesis is considered to be the physiological process most sensitive to high-temperature damage and that rising atmospheric CO 2 content will drive temperature increases in many already stressful environments, this CO 2 -induced increase in plant high-temperature tolerance may have a substantial impact on both the productivity and distribution of many plant species in the 21st century.
Vascular ultrastructure and DNA fragmentation in swine infected with Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli.

Shiga toxins (Stx) produced by Escherichia coli cause systemic vascular damage that manifests as edema disease in swine and hemolytic uremic syndrome in humans. In vitro, Stx inhibit protein synthesis and, depending on circumstances, induce necrosis, apoptosis, or both. The mechanism of in vivo Stx-mediated vascular damage is not known. The ability of Stx to cause apoptosis of vasculature in vivo was studied in pigs with edema disease that was produced by oral inoculation with Stx-producing E. coli. Arterioles of ileum and brain were evaluated by terminal dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay for DNA fragmentation in myocytes (10 infected pigs, 5 control pigs) and by transmission electron microscopy for ultrastructural changes charac- teristic of apoptosis (17 infected pigs, 8 control pigs). In comparison with controls, increased numbers of TUNEL-positive arterioles were detected in 6/10 (60%) subclinically affected pigs 14-15 days after inoculation. Ultrastructurally, lesions in myocytes consisted of lysis (necrosis), with cytoplasmic debris and nuclear frag- ments contained between intact basement membranes. Endothelial cell changes ranged from acute swelling to necrosis and detachment from basement membrane. Subclinically affected pigs (n 14) tended to have changes predominantly in myocytes, whereas pigs with clinical illness (n 3) more commonly had changes in endo- thelial cells. The arteriolar lesions and clinical signs of edema disease are attributed to the effects of Stx on vasculature. Therefore, our findings suggest that the Stx-induced arteriolar lesions seen in this study were primarily necrotic, not apoptotic. We suspect that necrosis was the principal cause of the DNA fragmentation detected.
Tensile Fracture Behavior of Two Types of Silicon Nitride Specimen Geometries Conducted by Ten U.S. Groups

The work reported was conducted to provide a basis for structural ceramic mechanical property standardization activities under way in the United States, Germany, Japan, and Sweden. All measurements reported here were conducted by 10 U.S. groups on GN-10 silicon nitride within an International Energy Agency program including the United States, Germany, Japan, and Sweden. This cooperative work included tensile strength studies of two geometries of button-head tensile specimens. The authors conducted some of the measurements and performed data analyses and interpretation. The tensile fracture behavior of GN-10 silicon nitride was studied at room temperature. A total of 150 strain-gaged button-head tensile specimens were measured. One hundred of a straight collet design and 50 of a tapered collet design were fractured. All specimens were highly strain gaged and the outputs for each were measured during loading to fracture. Bending moments were calculated. Each participating laboratory group fractured 15 tensile specimens, 10 of the straight collet design and 5 of the tapered collet design under rigorously controlled testing conditions. Of 100 straight collet specimens 75 broke in the gage section. Of 50 tapered collet specimens 34 broke within the gage section. Analysis of the Weibull m and σΘ estimators at upper and lower confidence bounds of 95% and 5% did not indicate a clear choice between the two designs. For specimens which fractured in the gage section, the unbiased maximum likelihood Weibull estimators for m and σΘ were 12.5 and 730 and 10.4 and 716, for the straight and tapered collet configurations, respectively. These are not statistically different at the 95% and 5% confidence levels. Strengths were also analyzed in terms of a three-parameter Weibull model. The straight collet specimen data fitted the three parameter model well with a threshold stress estimator γ of 506 MPa, while the tapered collet specimens provided a poorer fit to the model and had a threshold stress estimator of 432 MPa, a difference of about 15%. Regression analysis indicated that the straight collet grip provided less bias of strength as a function of bending moment. The straight collet specimens showed essentially little dependence of tensile strength upon bending moment in the range of 0% to 6%, while the tapered collet specimens showed a decrease in strength as the bending moment increased from 0% to 4%. However, the regression parameter was low and no significant statistical conclusion could be made regarding the superiority of either of the grip designs.
Design of array and line-source antennas for Taylor patterns with a null

An antenna pattern design technique which results in a generalized Taylor pattern, except in a narrow region where a deep null is formed, centered at a preassigned position is presented. It is shown how this technique can be applied effectively to both linear arrays and line sources. The approach is direct so that the technique does not use either iterative sampling or a perturbation procedure. It is particularly useful in the design of a large array with a prescribed deep null. Numerical results indicate that to steer such a null, adjustment of the excitation is necessary near the edges only.
Resistance Exercise Effects on Aging Skeletal Muscle in Rats

The purpose of this study was to determine whether a resistance exercise program could be initiated successfully at progressively older ages in rats. Forty female Sprague-Dawley rats, 7 to 10 in each age group (21, 24, 27, and 30 months, respectively), performed 60 manually resisted chin-ups (three sets of 10 repetitions each twice daily) for three months. Twenty controls, 5 in each age group, were followed for three months but not exercised. Before the experimental period began, the rats' left palmaris longus (PL) muscle was removed, weighed, frozen, sectioned, and stained. After the three-month period, the right PL muscle was removed and the same tissue preparation procedure was followed. Muscle fiber types I and II were identified on photomicrographs, and areas of each fiber type measured. No significant change in muscle wet weight or fiber size occurred in the controls. Significant increases ( p < .01) in type II muscle fiber area occurred for the 21-, 24-, and 30-month-old rats that exercised. No histological evidence of exercise-related harm was observed in tissues from exercised rats. Results indicate that resistance exercise can be introduced successfully to an aging or aged rat without doing harm. Studies are needed to determine whether similar results can be achieved for elderly humans.
Effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone on neurons in rat dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus, in vitro

We sought to characterize the excitatory effect of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) motoneurons by using the patch-clamp technique in rat brain stem sl...
Development of an EcoNutrition Café Series to Increase Awareness and Knowledge of a Sustainable, Local Food System in Appalachian Ohio

The goal of this project was to increase awareness and knowledge of a sustainable, local food system among Appalachian Ohio community members through the development and implementation of an ecological nutrition lecture series entitled “The EcoNutrition Cafe Series.” This series sought to improve the nutrition-related ecological awareness and knowledge of a rural Appalachian Ohio community in the United States. The EcoNutrition Cafe Series provided an opportunity for an in-depth, community-wide discussion on development of a sustainable, local food system, including its environmental, health, and economic benefits. The EcoNutrition Cafe Series consisted of 4 monthly meetings from January to April 2013. Not only did participants have the opportunity to learn about health, economic, and ecological benefits of and sustainable solutions for a sustainable, local food system during each meeting, but they also met local farmers and producers who currently work within the local food system and/or sampled products...
Recruitment strategies at the Iowa site for parent/infant pairs in a longitudinal dental caries study.

Background/aims:Recruitment of parent/infant pairs can be more difficult and challenging than recruitment of adult subjects alone as the parent has to consider themselves along with the infant to be study participants. In order to determine which recruitment methods most effectively resulted in accrual of subjects, recruitment efforts at the University of Iowa were evaluated, one of three clinical sites involved in a longitudinal prospective study of dental caries.Methods:Enrollment goals were 300 parent/infant pairs within a year. Recruitment strategies included (1) a direct mailing to potential subjects who were University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics patients and potentially met inclusion criteria; (2) face-to-face recruitment visits at medical offices; (3) provision of recruitment materials to staff at off-campus agencies and medical offices serving low-income individuals; (4) a campus-wide mass e-mail; (5) recruitment materials to daycare centers and neighborhood centers; and (6) recruitment at a ch...
Vortex states in rotating 3He-A in a weak magnetic field.

We study theoretically the phase diagram of vortex states in /sup 3/He-A in a weak magnetic field Happrox.H/sub 0/(30 Oe). We find that the lattice of 2..pi.. analytic vortices proposed by Fujita et al. has the lowest free energy for H H/sub 0/ the lattice of vortex pairs (Seppaelae-Volovik vortices) is more favorable. In the vicinity of the transition temperature (T>0.8T/sub c/) the lattice of dipole-locked vortex pairs appears between the above two configurations in a magnetic field Happrox.0.5H/sub 0/ and for a rotation speed ..cap omega..< or approx. =0.04 rad/sec.
Self-Assembly and Photomechanical Switching of an Azobenzene Derivative on GaAs(110): Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Study

Self-assembly and light-induced mechanical switching of azobenzene derivatives deposited on GaAs(110) were explored at the single molecule level using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). 3,3′,5,5′-Tetra-tert-butylazobenzene (TTB-AB) molecules in the trans isomer configuration were found to form well-ordered islands on GaAs(110). After exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light, the TTB-AB molecules exhibited conformational changes attributed to trans to cis photoisomerization. Photoisomerization of TTB-AB/GaAs is observed to occur preferentially in one-dimensional (1D) stripes. This 1D cascade behavior differs significantly from optically induced switching behavior observed when TTB-AB molecules are placed on a gold surface.
Probing the Orbital Levels of Engineered Fullerenic Molecules from a Nonvolatile Memory Cell

The Coulomb blockade behavior was observed for both C60-PCBM and C70-PCBM at room temperature utilizing a nonvolatile memory cell fabricated through a liquid-transfer process. Room-temperature and low-temperature (10K) electrical characterizations verified the blockade effect was originated from both molecular energy levels and single electron charging energy. Molecular orbital energy was extracted and shown good agreement with the literature [1].The successful integration and operation of this hybrid structure signified a strong potential for molecule-based electronic device design.
Solitary fibrous tumour of the pleura masquerading as catecholamine-secreting paraganglioma

A 33-year-old African-American woman presented with left-sided chest pain for 2 months before admission. Physical examination revealed no breath sound in the left chest and CT scan of the chest showed total obliteration of the left pleural cavity. The patient also had hypertension and elevated urinary metanephrines, leading to a tentative diagnosis of a catecholamine-secreting paraganglioma. MRI revealed a large, heterogeneous soft tissue mass that occupied the entire left chest cavity, causing displacement of the heart and mediastinal structures to the right. Through a left thoracotomy incision, a tumour weighing 2790 g was removed along with a small portion of adherent lung. The tumour was positive for CD34 but negative for S-100, keratin, desmin and progesterone-receptor, which is consistent with pathological diagnosis of a solitary fibrous tumour of the pleura. The patient remains symptom free 4 years after the operation.
Symmetric and Self-Distributive Systems

(1955). Symmetric and Self-Distributive Systems. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 62, No. 10, pp. 697-707.
Analysis of kinetic isotope effects in enzymatic carbon-hydrogen cleavage reactions.

The instanton approach, as previously applied to proton tunneling in molecular systems, is adapted to carbon–hydrogen bond cleavage catalyzed by enzymes. To compensate for the complexity of enzymatic reactions, simplifications are introduced based on the observation in numerous X-ray measurements that enzymes tend to form compact structures, which is assumed to have led toward optimization of specific parameters that govern the tunneling rate in the instanton formalism. On this basis, semiempirical equations are derived that link observed kinetic data directly to these parameters. These equations provide an analytical relation between the kinetic isotope effect and its temperature dependence for each hydrogen isotope, from which mechanistic and structural information can be extracted, including the nature of the hydrogen acceptor, the magnitude of the hydrogen transfer distance, the presence of endothermicity, and the contribution and frequency of skeletal vibrations that assist the tunneling. The method ...
Reduction of Terphenyl Co(II) Halide Derivatives in the Presence of Arenes: Insertion of Co(I) into a C–F Bond

Reduction of [(3,5-(i)Pr(2)-Ar*)Co(μ-Cl)](2) (3,5-(i)Pr(2)-Ar* = -C(6)H-2,6-(C(6)H(2)-2,4,6-(i)Pr(3))(2)-3,5-(i)Pr(2)) with KC(8) in the presence of various arene molecules resulted in the formation of a series of terphenyl stabilized Co(I) half-sandwich complexes (3,5-(i)Pr(2)-Ar*)Co(η(6)-arene) (arene = toluene (1), benzene (2), C(6)H(5)F (3)). X-ray crystallographic studies revealed that the three compounds adopt similar bonding schemes but that the fluorine-substituted derivative 3 shows the strongest cobalt-η(6)-arene interaction. In contrast, C-F bond cleavage occurred when the analogous reduction was conducted in the presence of C(6)F(6), affording the salt K[(3,5-(i)Pr(2)-Ar*)Co(F)(C(6)F(5))] (4), in which there is a three-coordinate cobalt complexed by a fluorine atom, a C(6)F(5) group, and the terphenyl ligand Ar*-3,5-(i)Pr(2). This salt resulted from the formal insertion of a putative 3,5-(i)Pr(2)-Ar*Co species as a neutral or anionic moiety into one of the C-F bonds of C(6)F(6). Reduction of [(3,5-(i)Pr(2)-Ar*)Co(μ-Cl)](2) in the presence of bulkier substituted benzene derivatives such as mesitylene, hexamethylbenzene, tert-butylbenzene, or 1,3,5-triisopropylbenzene did not afford characterizable products.
Some Taxonomic Notes on the Higher Fungi

This yeast was found by the author on May 30, 1945, at Beltsville, Maryland, in the sap of Betula nigra L., which was exuding from a wound high up on the tree and falling onto leaves lying on the ground. This appears to be the second report of the genus Nadsonia outside Europe. The yeast grew in the form of conspicuous white or cream-colored patches, which were foamy in appearance. Other fungi were mixed with the yeast, but the latter was the predominant species. The writer's identification of the organism was confirmed by Dr. J. N. Couch, who (1944) redescribed the fungus and gave its history. His is apparently the first report of Nadsonia in this country. Couch found the yeast at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, growing in great abundance in the slime flux of recently cut birch trees. The Maryland collection was obtained in pure culture on corn meal agar, on which it grew well in the form of smooth, creamy white colonies, and sporulated abundantly within a few days. Microscopic observation revealed the presence of budding vegetative cells (FIG. 1: nos. 1 & 2) mixed with numerous cells in the process of ascospore formation (FIG. 1: nos. 3-13). As previously described, ascospore formation is commonly preceded by the production of a
Intracoronary veratrine and acute aortic stenosis modify renal responses to hypotension in conscious dogs

The present study was undertaken to determine whether intracoronary (left circumflex) veratrine (ICV) infusions and increases in left ventricular (LV) systolic pressure influence renal circulatory and excretory function in chronically instrumented conscious dogs (n = 19). Thirty minutes of ICV infusions decreased arterial pressure by 15-20 mmHg, but heart rate, urine flow, sodium excretion, and free water clearance did not change. Intravenous nitroprusside infusions, which also lowered arterial pressure by 15-20 mmHg, increased heart rate while urine flow, sodium excretion, and free water clearance were significantly decreased. Heart rate and renal excretory function also did not change during a 15- to 20-mmHg decrease in arterial pressure when LV systolic pressure was simultaneously raised to approximately 170 mmHg by ascending aortic occlusion. The topical application of a local anesthetic in the region of the left main coronary artery abolished the Bezold-Jarisch reflex and the attenuation of hypotension-induced salt and water retention and tachycardia by ICV. Renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate were not altered during any of the above experimental treatments. These results suggest that in the conscious dog chemical and mechanical stimulation of LV sensory receptors with afferents in the pericoronary region can modulate the neurohumoral reflex control of renal excretory function independent of local filtration effects.
SELECTIVE REGULATION OF THE MULTIPLE FORMS OF CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHODIESTERASE BY NOREPINEPHRINE AND OTHER AGENTS

Publisher Summary This chapter describes selective regulation of the multiple forms of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase by norepinephrine and other agents. Several laboratories have presented evidence suggesting that the various tissues have different patterns of the multiple forms of phosphodiesterase. It has been shown that rat cerebellum has six distinct forms of the enzyme. In other areas of the brain, the pattern and ratio of the activities of the different forms of phosphodiesterase are markedly different from that of cerebellum. Thus, rat cerebrum has only four forms of phosphodiesterase, Peaks I through IV, and brain stem has only Peaks I, II, and III. Recent studies have indicated that two distinct types of control mechanisms are involved in regulating the phosphodiesterases. One such mechanism is characterized by an acute or immediate activation or inhibition of the different forms of phosphodiesterase, an effect which probably does not involve the synthesis of any new protein molecules. The other mechanism is slower in onset and apparently causes a change in the amount of enzyme and therefore requires protein synthesis.
Dance Under the Swastika: Rudolf von Laban's Influence on Nazi Power

This investigation of esteemed dance artist Rudolf von Laban’s early career examines his involvement with the Nazi regime while working as the director of the German Dance Theater (Deutchen Tanzbuhne). During this time, he actively ensured the upholding of Aryan and National Socialist ideals in dance performance and training, and used his own ensemble-based choreography to promote the creation of community under the swastika. Many dance scholars, focused on the numerous contributions Laban made to the development of modern dance, tend to consider his actions between 1930-1937 to have been coerced or executed out of fear for his life. However, based on official Nazi documentation and accounts and timelines of Laban’s actions and personally written beliefs, the author suggests that Laban’s alignment with the Third Reich was intentional and not the result of coercion or manipulation. Faculty Sponsor: Lodi McLellan Faculty Sponsor: Lodi McClellan
Time Consistency and Trigger Mechanisms in Open-Economy Monetary Policy Games

Recently attention has been focused on open-economy monetary policy games in which today’s target variables are affected by credible announcements about future money supplies.1 In this paper we provide examples of this type of monetary policy game and draw some lessons from them.2
Supervised item response models for informative prediction

Supporting human decision-making is a major goal of data mining. The more decision-making is critical, the more interpretability is required in the predictive model. This paper proposes a new framework to build a fully interpretable predictive model for questionnaire data, while maintaining a reasonable prediction accuracy with regard to the final outcome. Such a model has applications in project risk assessment, in healthcare, in social studies, and, presumably, in any real-world application that relies on questionnaire data for informative and accurate prediction. Our framework is inspired by models in item response theory (IRT), which were originally developed in psychometrics with applications to standardized academic tests. We extend these models, which are essentially unsupervised, to the supervised setting. For model estimation, we introduce a new iterative algorithm by combining Gauss---Hermite quadrature with an expectation---maximization algorithm. The learned probabilistic model is linked to the metric learning framework for informative and accurate prediction. The model is validated by three real-world data sets: Two are from information technology project failure prediction and the other is an international social survey about people's happiness. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that leverages the IRT framework to provide informative and accurate prediction on ordinal questionnaire data.
Etiology of Agenesis of Corpus Callosum

Agenesis of the corpus callosum was found in 7 of 135 children (aged 3 months to 15 years) with structural cerebral defects on MRI.
Dynamic modelling of injectivity evolution in unconsolidated sands

Abstract Fluid injection into unconsolidated formations serves many different purposes in the oil and gas industry. EOR projects require fluid injection at sustained high flow rates into the reservoir for years. Depending on the matrix properties and injection conditions, individual grains may be detached from the sand matrix and carried away by the fluid. During well shut-ins, pressure transients are generated and the direction of the flow is reversed allowing the grains to be transported and deposited near and even inside the wellbore. The deposited grains may plug the pores around the wellbore and decrease the injectivity, a phenomenon often observed at injection wells targeting unconsolidated formations. In order to address this issue, we implement a model consisting of partial differential equations solved through the numerical finite element methods that decomposes the porosity into mobile and immobile solid phases plus the liquid phase. The mass exchange from mobile to immobile solid phases is dependent on the deposition and erosion rates that are a function of the pressure gradient and stress concentrations around the wellbore. The system uses appropriate scales in size and time as well as appropriate field parameters. The results show how the porosity evolves over time around a hypothetical wellbore; the erosion reduces the pressure gradient until the erosion is negligible. The injection rate, the initial porosity heterogeneity and inter-grain forces (degree of consolidation) proved to have a significant impact on the matrix erosion. Simulations that emulate the effect having gravel and frac-packs were also performed evidencing that the different completion systems help to reduce the formation of high porosity channels around the wellbore during fluid injection.
Syncytial Variant of Nodular Sclerosing Hodgkin's Disease.

Abstract Background: Syncytial Variant is a subtype of nodular sclerosis Hodgkin's disease (NSHD), reported to occur in younger patients (median age 25 years) who typically present with advanced disease and systemic symptoms. Objectives: To evaluate the pretreatment characteristics and outcomes of NSHD patients diagnosed with syncytial variant (SV), compared to other NSHD patients without this histology (non-SV). Methods: This is a retrospective medical chart review of all cases of NSHD seen at one institution over 2 decades. Pretreatment patient characteristics and outcomes data were analyzed. Results: Of 63 patients with NSHD, 10 (16%) had SV histology. In contrast to previous reports, a trend for older age was observed for patients with SV (median 35 years), compared to patients with non-SV (median 27 years) (p=0.545). No differences in the distribution of B-symptoms or stage were observed between the two groups. Median recurrence-free survival was 37 months for SV cases, compared to 79 months for non-SV cases (p=0.046). Median overall survival was 38 months for SV, compared to 81 months for non-SV patients (p=0.05). Conclusion: No significant differences were observed in pretreatment patient characteristics between SV and non-SV cases. However, we did observe a significantly worse recurrence-free and overall survival for SV patients, compared to non-SV cases. This is a limited retrospective study at a single institution and not all patients had received the same treatment. Therefore, further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Evarts Act Day: The Birth of the U.S. Circuit Courts of Appeals (map version)

The Evarts Act (26 Stat. 826) altered the federal courts more extensively than any statute since the Judiciary Act of 1789 (1 Stat. 73), which set up the Supreme Court and the subordinate federal courts. The new law created an intermediate federal appellate court system (the circuit courts of appeals profiled here) and rejiggered the relationships and jurisdictions of the various parts of the new system. This map lays out the details of the new courts' first day on the job, and flags a few intriguing aspects of their early work.
Adverse Event Reports Associated with Vaginal Mesh: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis.

Abstract Background Surgery with vaginal mesh is often used to treat female urinary incontinence. Questions have emerged over the past decade about the safety and efficacy of vaginal mesh devices. Objective This study examines trends in adverse event reports associated with vaginal mesh devices, testing the hypothesis that Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announcements will result in increased adverse event reports to the FDA. Methods Using interrupted time series regression models, we analyzed adverse event report data collected from the FDA's Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience reporting system in 1998 through 2015. Results FDA announcements had limited effects on the number of adverse event reports, whereas an announcement from a mesh manufacturer that it was withdrawing devices from the market resulted in a large spike in reports. Conclusions These findings raise concerns about the dispersion of risk communications, the FDA's reliance on adverse event reports for postmarket surveillance, and the FDA's clearance of vaginal mesh without safety or efficacy testing.