cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ENHANCING A LANDSCAPE ASSESSMENT WITH INTENSIVE DATA: A CASE STUDY IN THE UPPER JUNIATA WATERSHED

A multi-level approach to wetland assessment and monitoring has been developed to incorporate information from multiple spatial scales and varying levels of effort. In this approach, wetland condition is evaluated in an intensive assessment through detailed, on-site measurement of physical and biological condition, and is inferred in a landscape assessment from a wetland’s landscape setting characterized with available spatial data. This study assessed a comprehensive set of landscape metrics to improve an existing landscape assessment using wetland condition measures from the Upper Juniata intensive assessment data. On-site measures of wetland state (n = 10) were compared with landscape metrics (n = 47) measured at multiple spatial scales using Pearson’s correlation coefficients. Landscape metrics enhanced the existing landscape assessment if they were correlated with condition metrics not correlated with the existing landscape assessment. Finally, landscape metrics identified through the correlation analysis were used to place sites in categories of condition based on the Floristic Quality Assessment Index (FQAI) using classification and regression tree analysis (CART). Results showed the existing landscape assessment metric is correlated with multiple measures of wetland state. The study identified landscape metrics that could enhance the existing landscape assessment, including measures of near-stream land use measured at an upstream scale, the percent of agriculture on steep slopes in a 250-m-radius circle or upstream area, and a measure of interior forest measured at a 250-m landscape circle or an upstream scale. Finally, the CART analysis showed the prediction of the FQAI was significantly (p < 0.001) improved by the addition of the landscape metrics identified in this study.
Evaluation of Structural Behavior of Precast Prestressed Concrete Pavement with Finite Element Analysis

A full-scale precast prestressed concrete pavement (PPCP) system was constructed and evaluated under actual traffic load conditions to develop the design guideline under Florida conditions. This test section showed good load transfer efficiency and riding quality. However, information was lacking about its structural response and potential performance. A three-dimensional finite element model was developed for stress analysis of PPCP under critical loading conditions. The developed three-dimensional model was calibrated by using deflection data obtained with a falling weight deflectometer. The model was used to perform a parametric analysis to determine the effects of critical loading location, concrete modulus, coefficient of thermal expansion of concrete, loss of prestress force, and subgrade stiffness under typical Florida conditions. Results of the parametric study indicate that the maximum stresses in the concrete increased significantly as the concrete modulus and coefficient thermal expansion incre...
Dos passos and the drama

In a world of collectives, the theatre which has always been a mass art, is one of the most simple and obvious organs of contact between the mass and the individual member of the crowd.1 It is the job of the new generation of workers in the Theatre by giving visible plastic expression to mass needs and hopes and despairs to convince the labor audience that the theater can become a great universal rallying point in this country as it is in Russia, or China.2
S03.2 Sexual Health Promotion Interventions: Results of a Systematic Review

Background Population-level rates of sexual health indicators such as STI rates have stimulated interest in a public health approach to improving sexual health in the United States. We used several existing definitions (World Health Organization, U.S Surgeon-General’s office, CDC/HRSA Advisory Committee) to derive sexual health principles: recognition of sexuality as intrinsic to individual health and relationships should have positive outcomes for all partners involved. Methods Studies for a systematic review of intervention literature were drawn from Medline and PsycInfo databases (English language, adult populations, published between 1996–2011, country with developed public health infrastructure). They addressed outcomes in one or more domains: knowledge, attitudes, communication, healthcare use, sexual behaviours or adverse events. Data were summarised in a narrative review organised by population (adults, parents, sexual minorities, vulnerable populations) across domains. Selected data from knowledge, attitudes and behaviours were summarised in meta-analyses. Results From 9064 studies, 58 were retained in the narrative review. Studies employed qualitative, experimental, pre-post and matched comparison group designs; the number of studies published was correlated with publication year (r = 0.77, p < 0.001). Interventions were predominantly individual and small-group in-person designs that addressed sexual behaviours (42 studies, 72%) and attitudes/norms (32, 55%). Studies with parents covered communication. All but one study reported at least one positive finding, but many (29 studies, 50%) also reported null findings. The most consistent positive effects on behaviours and adverse events were found for sexual minorities and vulnerable populations; interventions with parents uniformly increased attitudes and communication skills. Conclusions Sexual health-framed interventions generate positive effects across adult populations, as well as mental and behavioural domains and adverse outcomes. Interventions may be especially effective among vulnerable populations and in improving parent communication. Where scalable, incorporating aspects of existing sexual health definitions into public health may contribute to improving sexual health.
Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing: An Update

It is a great privilege to be the guest editor of Nursing Clinics of North America’s Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing updated issue. Since the first issue was published in 2003, there has been a plethora of scientific evidence from neurobiological research, technological advances, neuroimaging studies, and pharmacotherapies that target complex brain regions, neural pathways, neuroendocrine processes, and gender and genetic underpinnings that contribute to various psychiatric disorders. There has also been an explosion of evidence-based psychotherapeutic and pharmacologic approaches that address the needs of clients presenting with psychiatric and coexisting medical conditions. Combining this evidence emphasizes the significance of person-centered and holistic treatment and recovery-based models that instill hope, resilience, and strength and facilitate family involvement and community integration. As more and more clients with psychiatric disorders seek treatment in vast health care settings, including primary care, it imperative for nurses in all settings to assess and address the complex needs of this population. The foremost strength of this issue is its expansive emphasis and synthesis of empirical data into psychiatric mental health nursing practice. Psychiatric nurses and nonpsychiatric nurses will find this updated issue refreshing and useful in their assessment, diagnosis, and implementation of person-centered mental health care. The initial section focuses on technological advances and the art of psychiatric mental health nursing and legal aspects of psychiatric nursing when caring for the client with a psychiatric disorder. The following sections provide updates on the treatment of mood disorders, acute psychosis, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, substance-use disorders, eating disorders, and borderline personality disorder. Followed by sections focusing on the care of adolescents and families in crisis, geriatric psychiatric emergencies, suicide, psychosocial recovery and rehabilitation, and adverse drug reactions, along with a new article on trauma survivors. Each article integrated evidence-based and recovery and person-centered approaches, including pharmacotherapy and psychotherapeutic
The Play of Signifiers: Poststructuralism and Study of the Bible

A brief introduction to the scholarly methodology known as "poststructuralism," with focus on the importance of the materiality of the signifier and how that materiality both plays a part in and disrupts the construction of meaning. Special attention is given to the interests of biblical scholars. Poststructuralism is presented as a methodology that questions and challenges the meanings that readers assign to biblical (and other) texts.
Migraine Pathophysiology and Treatment

The proceedings of a symposium on “The scientific basis of migraine management” held Feb 1999 at Lake Louise, Alberta, Canada, are reported from the University of Calgary and other centers.
“Straining” to Separate the Rare Earths: How the Lanthanide Contraction Impacts Chelation by Diglycolamide Ligands

The subtle energetic differences underpinning adjacent lanthanide discrimination are explored with diglycolamide ligands. Our approach converges liquid–liquid extraction experiments with solution-phase X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and density functional theory (DFT) simulations, spanning the lanthanide series. The homoleptic [(DGA)3Ln]3+ complex was confirmed in the organic extractive solution by XAS, and this was modeled using DFT. An interplay between steric strain and coordination energies apparently gives rise to a nonlinear trend in discriminatory lanthanide ion complexation across the series. Our results highlight the importance of optimizing chelate molecular geometry to account for both coordination interactions and strain energies when designing new ligands for efficient adjacent lanthanide separation for rare-earth refining.
TSP1-CD47 Signaling Modulates the Severity of Pulmonary Hypertension in a Mouse Model of Sickle Cell Disease

Abstract 898 In sickle cell disease (SCD), mutant hemoglobin S polymerizes when deoxygenated, driving red blood cell (RBC)-dependent vaso-occlusion and hemolysis. These processes lead to platelet and hemostatic activation, pulmonary hypertension (PH) and vascular disease. Transgenic-knockout sickle (BERK) mice that express exclusively human α- and βS-globins mimic SCD in humans by displaying reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, impaired NO-mediated vascular reactivity and PH. Recently, the platelet α-granule protein thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) was found to be elevated in the plasma of patients with SCD and to potently inhibit physiologic NO signaling, via binding to the cell surface receptor CD47. We hypothesized that blocking the TSP1-CD47 interaction may restore NO signaling and prevent PH in BERK mice. To test this hypothesis we conducted a transplantation experiment to explore the repopulating potential of BERK bone marrow (BM) in lethally myeloablated CD47KO recipients and the impact of the CD47 null milieu on the PH phenotype. We harvested the BM from 5–6 months old BERK mice and transplanted it into irradiated (10 Gy) 8–9 weeks old CD47KO mice (n=9). All recipients survived transplantation and were terminally evaluated 4 months post transplantation. Mice underwent blood sampling for determination of engraftment by hemoglobin electrophoresis, evaluation of endothelial dependent arterial vasodilation by myography, full pulmonary hemodynamic assessment and measurement of right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) using the Fulton Index (ratio of ventricular weights (right ventricle/left ventricle including septum). The chimeras had 98.3% (SD 0.6%) hemoglobin S, thereby demonstrating full donor chimerism. Segments of thoracic aortas from the chimeras were mounted on a myograph system and exposed to acetylcholine, a physiologic vasodilator that stimulates endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activation. Concentration-response curves showed that the arterial segments from chimeras that lacked tissue CD47 had improved endothelial-dependent vasodilation, as evaluated by % relaxation in response to acetylcholine, as compared to arterial segments from BERK mice (P Disclosures: Isenberg:Vasculox, Inc.: Equity Ownership.
Association of physiological and psychological health outcomes with physical activity and sedentary behavior in adults with type 2 diabetes.

Purpose To examine the association between change in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary behavior (SB) over a 6-month period with physiological and psychological factors in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods Participants included 26 middle-aged (mean age=56.1±10.8 years; 42% women), overweight/obese (mean body mass index (BMI) =37.22±8.78 kg/m2) adults who had been diagnosed with T2D within the past 5 years (mean HbA1c=7.81%). Participants underwent a physical examination, blood tests, and psychological questionnaires, including a self-report questionnaire that assessed the consumption of high glycemic and low glycemic load foods. Participants wore an Actigraph accelerometer for 7 days to assess MVPA and SB. All measures were collected at baseline and at the 6-month follow-up. Spearman rank correlations and regression models were conducted to examine the relationship between activity variables, and the association of activity measures with health outcomes at the 6-month follow-up. Results Decreases in duration of SB bouts and increases in MVPA were associated with decreased levels of HbA1c (p Conclusions MVPA and SB were independently associated with diabetes-related health outcomes. Results suggest that emphasis should be placed on increasing MVPA while decreasing SB, particularly duration of SB bouts. This suggests that even small changes in daily behavior may contribute to improvement in diabetes-related health outcomes.
A Monte Carlo Localization Assignment Using a Neato Vacuum with ROS

Monte Carlo Localization (MCL) is a sampling-based algorithm for mobile robot localization. In this paper we describe an MCL assignment and its required hardware and software. The Neato vacuum robot and a Raspberry Pi serve as the core of the robot model. The Robot Operating System (ROS) is used as the robot programming environment. Students are expected to learn the localization problem, implement the MCL algorithm, and better understand the kidnapped robot problem and the limitations of MCL by observing the performance of the algorithm in real-time application.
Accuracy in integrated circuit dimensional measurements

The measurement of critical dimensions of features on integrated circuits and photomasks is modeled as the comparison of the images of the test object and of a standard object in a measuring device. A length measuring instrument is then a comparator. The calibration of the standard and the conditions necessary for a valid comparison are discussed. The principles discussed here apply to many other types of measurement as well.
Discrimination between Supply Unbalance and Stator Short-Circuit of an Induction Motor Using Neural Network

The objective of this paper is to investigate the contribution and effectiveness of the use of a Neural Network (NN) Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) of feed-forward type technique to discriminate between the Supply Voltage Unbalance (SVU) and the stator Inter Turn Short-Circuit (ITSC) of an induction motor. The proposed approach in this paper is based on the exploitation of any useful information existing in both the current and the voltage quantities simultaneously provided by the various instantaneous powers such as the active and the reactive powers as well as the power factor. The merits of the proposed approach using the NN technique as an effective solution to the problem of discrimination is assessed by a simulation work and then validated by an experimental work conducted by the Diagnosis Group of the LDEE Laboratory.
Understanding and designing head-to-tail cyclic peptides.

Cyclic peptides are an exciting class of molecules with a variety of applications. However, design strategies for cyclic peptide therapeutics, for example, are generally limited by a poor understanding of their sequence–structure relationships. This knowledge gap often leads to a trial-and-error approach for designing cyclic peptides for a specific purpose, which is both costly and time-consuming. Herein, we describe the current experimental and computational efforts in understanding and designing head-to-tail cyclic peptides along with their respective challenges. In addition, we provide several future directions in the field of computational cyclic peptide design to improve its accuracy, efficiency and applicability. These advances, combined with experimental techniques, shall ultimately provide a better understanding of these interesting molecules and a reliable working platform to rationally design cyclic peptides with desired characteristics.
Reforming Competence Restoration Statutes: An Outpatient Model

Defendants who suffer from mental illness and are found incompetent to stand trial are often ordered committed to an inpatient mental health facility to restore their competence, even if outpatient care may be the better treatment option. Inpatient facilities are overcrowded and place the defendants on long waiting lists. Some defendants then spend weeks, months, or even years in their jail cell, waiting for a transfer to a hospital bed. Outpatient competence restoration programs promise to relieve this pressure. But even if every state suddenly opened a robust outpatient competence restoration program, an obstacle looms: the statutes governing competence restoration, which default to the inpatient treatment model. Several states mandate inpatient restoration in their statutory scheme. The rest allow for outpatient restoration, but the language of these laws often preserves the inpatient default by requiring defendants to meet a series of nebulous criteria before allowing them to participate in outpatient treatment. This Article is the first to examine how the language of competence restoration statutes, even those that allow for outpatient treatment, defaults to commitment to an inpatient facility. I do so by examining the wide latitude these statutes give to judges to place defendants in inpatient care and show how that discretion, paired with widespread false presumptions about the mentally ill, leads to overcommitment of incompetent defendants in state mental health facilities. I propose amendments to these statutes that will encourage judges to place defendants in outpatient care. Statutes must flip from inpatient-required or inpatient-unless to outpatient-unless, defaulting to outpatient treatment unless some specific criteria justify committing the defendant to an inpatient facility. Such a change would relieve pressure on inpatient facilities, opening up space for those who truly need inpatient treatment for competence to be restored. It would also ensure that specific criteria—not misunderstandings or fears about the mentally ill—inform the decision to commit the defendant to inpatient care.
Clinical Outcomes of Single-Level Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion.

Background: The purpose of the present study was to determine the differences in health outcomes between patients with cervical spondylosis who underwent single-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) and patients with cervical spondylosis who did not undergo an ACDF fusion (non-ACDF). The hypothesis of the study was that patients undergoing single-level fusion have a lower risk of downstream cardiovascular disease and depression. Methods: The Medicare 5% sample was used to identify patients who received a diagnosis of spondylosis during 2005–2012. All spondylosis patients were separated into nonoperative and operative groups. Differences in new disease diagnoses, age, sex, and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) scores were recorded. Results: The relative risk (RR) of heart failure was lower in the ACDF group after 3 years (RR = 0.6719; P Conclusions: The results demonstrate the patients in the ACDF cohort have an increased RR of depression but a decreased risk of cardiovascular disease. Further research may be needed to delineate why the ACDF procedure potentially benefits a patient for heart disease but may stress a patient9s social/economic supports during the recovery process, thus leading to higher depression rates for patients undergoing ACDF.
Exercise 16 – Assay of β-Galactosidase in Cell Extracts

A variety of methods like sonication, homogenization with a glass or Teflon pestle, grinding with aluminum or glass beads, and high pressurization and rapid release of pressure are used for cell-extract preparation as the extraction of cellular material from whole cells is a critical step in enzyme purification. The preparation of cell extracts (also called cell-free extracts) requires a very careful execution so as to ensure complete release of the enzyme from cellular material without denaturation of the enzyme itself. In case of yeast, the easiest and most effective method for cell-extract preparation involves grinding with glass beads. The shearing action produced by the glass beads during vortexing causes the rupture of the yeast cell. The glass beads grinding procedure is currently used as the most effective technique for yeast cell extraction as the very thick and tough cell wall of yeast renders methods—such as sonication, osmotic lysis, and homogenization—ineffective in breaking the cell. The Bradford protein assay technique has been further elaborated in this chapter.
Detecting No-Sleep Bugs Using Sequential Reference Counts

Power management is critical for mobile devices as energy demands have been constantly growing, while the longevity of battery power remains limited. This paper presents an extension of our previous work on detecting no-sleep energy bugs using sequential reference counts. We use a refined banking application and its implementation in Android Studio to demonstrate the extension.
Chapter 4 - Solid-State NMR of Membrane Proteins: Moving Towards Greater Complexity

Abstract Membrane proteins represent an important and challenging frontier in structural biology: they mediate fundamental and medically important processes but are challenging targets for structure/function studies. Magic angle spinning solid-state NMR methods for structure determination of proteins have developed rapidly in recent years and are now being employed to determine complete structures of small (
Combining automated microfluidic experimentation with machine learning for efficient polymerization design

Understanding polymerization reactions has challenges relating to the complexity of the systems, the hazards associated with the reagents, the environmental footprint of the operations and the highly nonlinear topologies of reaction spaces. In this work, we aim to present a new methodology for studying polymerization reactions using machine-learning-assisted automated microchemical reactors. A custom-designed rapidly prototyped microreactor is used in conjunction with automation and in situ infrared thermography for efficient, high-speed experimentation to map the reaction space of a zirconocene polymerization catalyst and obtain fundamental kinetic parameters. Chemical waste is decreased by two orders of magnitude and catalytic discovery is reduced from weeks to hours. Bayesian regularization backpropagation is used in conjunction with kinetic modelling to understand the reaction space and resultant technoeconomic topology. Here, we show that efficient microfluidic technology can be coupled with machine-learning algorithms to obtain high-fidelity datasets on a complex chemical reaction. Finding the best ratio of ingredients for polymerization reactions can be time consuming and wasteful. An automated microreactor process with integrated machine learning analysis initiates reactions, measures the resulting yield and cleans itself without human intervention. It can test concentrations of reagents systematically to find the combination with the highest production, while producing a low amount of waste.
Non-anthropocentric imaging via sensors and algorithms (Conference Presentation)

Imaging is the transfer of information from the object to the sensor. This transfer is typically mediated by a lens. However, this is not the only option. In this presentation, we will describe alternatives that can enable unusual imaging systems with concomitant advantages including a needle microscope, hyperspectral cameras and optics-less cameras. These imaging systems produce data that are not easily interpretable by humans, but nevertheless could be valuable for inferencing. We will explore the co-optimization of algorithms with hardware to enable previously impossible imaging tasks.
Ehrlichiosis infection mimicking thrombotic microangiopathy syndrome early after kidney transplantation

Fever of unknown origin and the clinical picture of thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) are diagnostic challenges in the early period after kidney transplantation. Here, we report a case of human monocytic ehrlichiosis in a renal allograft recipient who presented with fever and clinical picture of TMA in the first month post-kidney transplant. Despite broad coverage with multiple antimicrobial agents, fever and hematological abnormalities persisted for several days. A history of contact exposure and living in an endemic area raised clinical suspicion for human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME), and empiric treatment with doxycycline was initiated. Definitive diagnosis of HME was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Ehrlichia chaffeensis. Human ehrlichiosis should be considered within the differential diagnosis in kidney transplant recipients with the clinical picture of TMA and fever of unknown origin. Furthermore, early treatment with doxycycline enhances rapid resolution of clinical and laboratory recovery.
Inhaled corticosteroids as treatment for adolescent asthma: effects on adult anxiety-related outcomes in a murine model

Allergic asthma, typically controlled with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), is the leading chronic health condition for youth under 18 years of age. During this peri-adolescent period, significant brain maturation occurs. Prior studies indicate that both chronic inflammation and corticosteroid medications increase risk for developing an internalizing disorder like anxiety. To determine if chronic ICS treatments exacerbate or alleviate anxiety symptoms associated with developmental allergic asthma, we used a mouse model to isolate the influence of ICS (fluticasone propionate, FLU) vs. airway inflammation (induced with house dust mite extract, HDM). During development, male and female BALB/cJ mice were repeatedly exposed to HDM or saline plus one of four FLU doses (none/vehicle, low, moderate, or high). In adulthood, we assessed lung inflammation, circulating and excreted corticosteroids, anxiety-like behavior, and gene expression in stress and emotion regulation brain regions. FLU treatment decreased body weight and anxiety-like behavior and increased fecal corticosterone metabolite concentrations and Crhr2 gene expression in ventral hippocampus. FLU effects were only observed in saline/non-HDM-exposed mice, and the FLU doses used did not significantly decrease HDM-induced airway inflammation. Females had greater serum and fecal corticosterone concentrations, less anxiety-like behavior, and lower Crhr1 gene expression in ventral hippocampus and prefrontal cortex than males. These findings suggest that steroid medications for youth with allergic asthma may not exacerbate anxiety-related symptoms, and that they should be avoided in children/adolescents without a health condition. The results are informative to future work on the use of corticosteroid medications during childhood or adolescent development.
Assessing the Food Safety Risk Posed by Birds Entering Leafy Greens Fields in the US Southwest.

In the US Southwest, it is common to observe birds in leafy green fields, though the risk they contribute to foodborne outbreaks remains unclear. In this study, we investigated and recorded the relationship between birds near leafy green fields and the risk for contaminated irrigation water or leafy green plants. We monitored the presence of birds for over two years and performed cloacal swab analysis for non-pathogenic Escherichia coli, E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonellaenterica, while also monitoring the incidence of other microbial indicators. We also assessed the risks from bird feces by performing observations in a commercial field reported with Salmonella positive samples and by analyzing the survival of foodborne pathogens in bird feces. Our results showed that most of the birds near the crop fields were resident small birds. We did not observe a correlation between the number of birds in sites and the incidence of indicator bacteria (e.g., coliforms, E. coli) in irrigation canal water, with the exception of one out of four sites where water flow was low or stagnant. Using walk-in-traps, 305 birds were captured and placed in short-term captivity to determine the presence of various bacteria. None of the birds tested positive for E. coli O157:H7 or Salmonella. However, nearly 40% of the birds captured were confirmed positive for non-pathogenic E. coli. We found no correlation between age (young, adult, unknown), gender (male, female, unknown) and the incidence of E. coli positive birds, but we observed significantly higher probability of incidence during October–December. The role of relative humidity and temperature on bacterial survival appeared to play a key role in the survival of Salmonella on the leaves of spinach plants in a commercial field. This was also confirmed in laboratory conditions where Salmonella inoculated in bird feces and exposed to 15 °C and 80% RH(Relative humidity) survived beyond 133 days, while at 26 °C and 40% RH, the organism was undetectable after 63 days. Our results suggest that local birds associated with leafy green fields likely pose a minimal impact of risk for food contamination, but also points out the need for increased analysis specifically for E. coli O157:H7. Furthermore, our study suggests the need for expanding research that addresses risks associated with large migratory birds, especially in areas where stagnated water sources would be used for overhead sprinkle irrigation.
How Psychotherapy Helps Us Understand Sexual Relationships Insights from the Consulting Room: Cherry Potter 2020. Routledge: Abingdon, Oxon, UK. 202 pages PB $

Binik and Meana (2009), in a notable opinion piece, wondered about the dubious designation of sex therapy, a therapy distinguished by the source of the complaint, rather than a unified set of pract...
In-Situ Characterization of Dynamic Morphological and Phase Changes of Selenium-doped Germanium Using a Single Particle Cell and Synchrotron Transmission X-ray Microscopy

The dynamic information of lithium-ion battery active materials obtained from coin cell-based in-situ characterizations might not represent the properties of the active material itself because many other factors in the cell could have impacts on the cell performance. To address this problem, a single particle cell was developed to perform the in-situ characterization without the interference of inactive materials in the battery electrode as well as the X-ray-induced damage. In this study, the dynamic morphological and phase changes of selenium-doped germanium (Ge0.9 Se0.1 ) at the single particle level were investigated via synchrotron-based in-situ transmission X-ray microscopy. The results demonstrate the good reversibility of Ge0.9 Se0.1 at high cycling rate that helps understand its good cycling performance and rate capability. This in-situ and operando technique based on a single particle battery cell provides an approach to understanding the dynamic electrochemical processes of battery materials during charging and discharging at the particle level.
Reasons for Endangerment

This chapter provides vignettes of language endangerment in Nepal, Tasmania, Mexico, northeast India, Hungary, and North America. The cases discussed illustrate factors that contribute to the endangerment of languages, including: natural disasters; local and geopolitics leading to genocide, forced migration, and political instability; government policy; discrimination; and prestige and utility. The topic of language endangerment is a window into the world of Indigenous peoples and provides a new way of looking at history, geopolitics, and world events.
Comments from the perspective of pertinent committees of the US National Academies of Sciences

BACKGROUND AND AIM: This presentation will comment on the ISEE principles of evidence synthesis and evaluation in environmental health from the perspective of pertinent committees of the US Nationa...
Memory after visual search: Overlapping phonology, shared meaning, and bilingual experience influence what we remember.

Abstract How we remember the things that we see can be shaped by our prior experiences. Here, we examine how linguistic and sensory experiences interact to influence visual memory. Objects in a visual search that shared phonology (cat-cast) or semantics (dog-fox) with a target were later remembered better than unrelated items. Phonological overlap had a greater influence on memory when targets were cued by spoken words, while semantic overlap had a greater effect when targets were cued by characteristic sounds. The influence of overlap on memory varied as a function of individual differences in language experience -- greater bilingual experience was associated with decreased impact of overlap on memory. We conclude that phonological and semantic features of objects influence memory differently depending on individual differences in language experience, guiding not only what we initially look at, but also what we later remember.
Nietzsche's Pelagianism: Dionysus versus the Crucified

When Nietzsche writes in Ecce Homo: “Theologically speaking - listen closely, for I rarely speak as a theologian - it was God himself who at the end of his days work lay down as a serpent under the tree of knowledge: thus he recuperated from being God. - He had made everything too beautiful. - The devil is merely the leisure of God on that seventh day.” (Ecce Homo, “Beyond Good and Evil,” §2) He is insinuating an alliance with an uncited source - Pelagianus Hereticus who believed there was no ‘original sin’ but that the will power of human beings could bring humanity to salvation. A method that bears stark affinities with Nietzsche’s writings on will to power in the sense that human will power wills a transcendence to what is, rather than the metaphysics of a transcendent God providing grace to those in need of salvation from above. This marks an interesting detour in church orthodoxy, a path not taken and one has to wonder that given Nietzsche’s reputation as a well read historian of ideas and theology whether he was writing a sort of theological exegesis through ressentiment. A history of ideas for the future through the eyes of those who lost as a kind of error, a kind of pathos. In this paper, I try to explore this treatment of Nietzsche’s work to bring a new interpretation onto his work, one that is hidden in plain sight in lieu of his work on pushing ethics beyond good and evil, his views on phantasmagoria, and the penultimate writings at the end of his productive years where he describes his writings as “Dionysus versus the Crucified.”
E. H. Heinrichs: Profile of a Founding Practitioner

Abstract A German immigrant who worked in journalism in Pittsburgh at the height of the Gilded Age played an important, yet largely undocumented, role in the early history of public relations. While E. H. Heinrichs has been cited in a few histories of public relations and in a number of college textbooks, this article is the first to profile at length the acknowledged founding practitioner of corporate public relations. Heinrichs, the first person to be hired by a corporation to coordinate its communications, played a role in “the battle of the currents,” the propaganda war waged between Heinrichs's ultimately successful client, George Westinghouse, who proposed alternating current (AC), and Thomas Alva Edison, who supported direct current (DC), to determine the method by which the world would receive electricity.
Dipole Magnet Development for the RHIC Accelerator

A Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider is presently in the design stage at Brookhaven National Laboratory in New York. It will collide beams of nuclei as heavy as gold, accelerated in two storage rings to energies between 7 and 100 GeV/u. The conventional facilities and injectors for the collider are largely in place. These include the 3.8 km long tunnel enclosure (built as part of the CBA project), four of the six planned experimental halls, a large control center building, a 25 kW helium refrigerator, and injection tunnels from the AGS. (The AGS is presently engaged in a fixed-target program of heavy ion experiments. A Booster synchrotron under construction will allow extending the mass of ion species from sulfur to gold.)
Origin of quantum noise and decoherence in distributed amplifiers

The use of distributed amplifiers may have some potential advantages for the transmission of quantum information through optical fibers. In addition to the quantum noise introduced by the amplifiers, entanglement between atoms in the amplifying media and the optical field corresponds to which-path information that can further reduce the coherence. Here we analyze the effects of decoherence in a phase-insensitive distributed amplifier by using perturbation theory to calculate the state of the entire system including the atomic media. For an initial coherent state, tracing over the atomic states allows the reduced density matrix of the field to be expressed as a mixture of squeezed states with a reduced spread in photon number and an increased phase uncertainty. The amplifier noise and decoherence can be interpreted as being due to entanglement with the environment rather than the amplification of vacuum fluctuation noise.
Computation of invariant tori and acceleration of the K.A.M. algorithm

A method is described to compute invariant tori in phase space for classical non-integrable Hamiltonian systems. The procedure is to solve the Hamilton-Jacobi equation stated as a system of equations for Fourier coefficients of the generating function. The system is truncated to a finite number of Fourier modes and solved numerically by Newton's Method. The resulting canonical transformation serves to reduce greatly the non-integrable part of the Hamiltonian. The method provides a promising alternative to canonical perturbation theory since its algebraic complexity does not increase as more accuracy is demanded and the required computer programs are quite simple. 2 refs., 1 fig.
Connecting Democracy: Online Consultation and the Flow of Political Communication, edited by Stephen Coleman and Peter M. Shane. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2012. 440 pp. $29.00 paper. ISBN 9780262516464 paper.

What opportunities for enhanced citizenship engagement does the world of online communication present? Can technology make a difference?That is the inquiry undertaken by editors Coleman and Shane, ...
Analysis of atmospheric inputs of nitrate to a temperate forest ecosystem from Δ17O isotope ratio measurements

(dry deposited HNO3 and wet deposited NO3 )i n northern Michigan is derived from atmospheric deposition. To test this idea, soil, rainfall, and cloud water were sampled in a temperate forest in northern Lower Michigan. The fraction of the soil solution NO3 pool directly from atmospheric deposition was quantified using the natural isotopic tracer, D 17 O. Our results show that on average 9% of the soil solution NO3 is unprocessed (no microbial turnover) N derived directly from the atmosphere. This points to the potential importance of anthropogenic N deposition and contributes to the long‐standing need to improve our understanding of the impacts of atmospheric nitrogen processing and deposition on forest ecosystems and forest productivity. Citation: Costa, A. W., G. Michalski, A. J. Schauer, B. Alexander, E. J. Steig, and P. B. Shepson (2011), Analysis of atmospheric inputs of nitrate to a temperate forest ecosystem from D 17 O isotope ratio measurements, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38,
Moving Geochemical Transactions forward as an open access journal

Geochemical Transactions, the first online-only journal in geochemistry and environmental chemistry, is now the first major open access journal in this subject area. All issues of Geochemical Transactions, including the back content, will be fully and permanently available online to all, without a subscription charge. Copyright of all future articles will be retained by the authors. Geochemical Transactions remains the official journal of the Division of Geochemistry of the American Chemical Society. The generous support of the Division has made it possible to make the back content available without a subscription charge.
Examining Family Communication Patterns and Seeking Social Support Direct and Indirect Effects Through Ability and Motivation

Seeking social support remains a relatively understudied aspect of supportive communication. By integrating the literatures on family communication patterns (FCPs) and supportive communication, this study examines dispositional factors that influence support seeking in particular situations. Specifically, communicative ability and motivation to seek support were theorized to mediate the relationship between FCPs and recalled strategies of support seeking. Results from a sample (N = 352) of undergraduate students not only demonstrate that people's FCPs impart different levels of communicative ability and motivation to seek support, but also indirectly influence people's strategies of support seeking. Ability and motivation also directly influence support seeking, and several of these effects are moderated by participants' sex.
Muslim Turkistan. Kazak Religion and Collective Memory

Muslim Turkistan. Kazak Religion and Collective Memory. Bruce G. Privratsky. Richmond, UK: Curzon Press, 2001. 321 pp.
Nanoimaging and neurological surgery

Over 32 million surgical procedures are performed in the United States each year. Increasingly, image guidance is used in order to aid in the surgical localization of pathology, minimization of incisions, and improvement of surgical intervention outcomes. A variety of imaging modalities using different portions of the electromagnetic spectrum are used in neurological surgery. These include wavelengths used in ultrasonography, optical, infrared, ionizing radiation, and magnetic resonance. The use of currently available image-guidance tools for neurological surgery is reviewed. Advances in nanoparticulates and their integration into the neurosurgical operating room environment are discussed. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2010 2 601–617 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website The authors have nothing to disclose.
Hypofractionated proton beam radiotherapy for stage I lung cancer.

Study objectives: To determine the efficacy and toxicity of high-dose hypofractionated proton beam radiotherapy for patients with clinical stage I lung cancer. Design: A prospective phase 2 clinical trial. Setting: Loma Linda University Medical Center. Patients: Subjects with clinical stage I non-small cell lung cancer who were medically inoperable or refused surgery. Interventions: All patients were treated with proton beam radiotherapy. The target included the gross tumor volume as seen on CT scan, with additional margin to allow for respiratory motion. A multibeam treatment plan was generated. Delivered treatment was 51 cobalt Gray equivalent (CGE) in 10 fractions over 2 weeks to the initial 22 patients; the subsequent 46 patients received 60 CGE in 10 fractions over 2 weeks. Results: Sixty-eight patients were analyzed for this report, with a median follow-up time of 30 months. No cases of symptomatic radiation pneumonitis or late esophageal or cardiac toxicity were seen. The 3-year local control and disease-specific survival rates were 74%, and 72%, respectively. There was significant improvement in local tumor control in T1 vs T2 tumors (87% vs 49%), with a trend toward improved survival. Cox regression analysis revealed that patients with higher performance status, female gender, and smaller tumor sizes had significantly improved survival. Conclusion: High-dose hypofractionated proton beam radiotherapy can be administered safely, with minimal toxicity, to patients with stage I lung cancer. Local tumor control appears to be improved when compared to historical results utilizing conventional radiotherapy, with a good expectation of disease-specific survival 3 years following treatment.
Magnetically retrievable catalysts for asymmetric synthesis

Abstract The surface modification of magnetic nanoparticles with chiral scaffolds for asymmetric catalytic applications is an elegant method for obtaining a special pseudo-homogenous phase that can be separated using an external magnet. In this review, we summarize the use of magnetic nanoparticles as heterogeneous catalyst supports during asymmetric synthesis. The ease of recovering expensive catalysts and their recyclability without loss of activity are important characteristics of sustainable processes. This review highlights recent developments and progress in the field of asymmetric synthesis using magnetic supports.
Biochemical characterization of I-Ak proteins from mutant antigen-presenting B-cell--B-lymphoma hybridomas.

Abstract Chemically induced mutants of an I-A k,d expressing antigen-presenting B-cell-B-lymphoma hybridoma have recently been generated by immunoselection in vitro and were found to possess alterations in some of their serologically and functionally denned I-A k region dependent functions. In order to identify at the structural level the origin of the differences in serological and functional properties of these mutants, I-A k molecules from several of these mutant hybridomas were compared biochemically to wild-type I-A k polypeptides by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and high-pressure liquid Chromatographie tryptic peptide analyses. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis indicated that no major structural alterations, resulting in changes in mol. wt or charge, had occurred in the A α k or A β k polypeptides from the mutant cells. Likewise, A α k peptide maps of the mutants were indistinguishable from the normal A α k peptide maps. However, two of the three mutants studied did exhibit one additional peptide in their A β k , peptide maps. These results suggest that the major deficiencies in T-cell-activating functions of these mutants are a result of a limited alteration in the A k β polypeptide primary structure.