cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Agriculture Data for All - Integrated Tools for Agriculture Data Integration, Analytics, and Sharing

Agriculture produces an abundance of data in both public and private domains. Such data include, but are not limited to: national soil databases, long-term data on carbon balance across different climate zones and vegetative land covers, digital elevation models, regional and national inventories, remote sensing data, geophysical data, socio-economic and many other data sets. These agriculture - related records are interesting not only to the agriculture sector. Ecology, environment, business, policy, various sciences, etc. can use this data for their discoveries. They can investigate the impact of land-management approaches, such as fertilization, grazing, irrigation, and more. Agriculture data analysis can help understand the problems and lead policy makers to implementing risk mitigation and restoration strategies.
Probing the geometry and interconnectivity of pores in organic aerogels using hyperpolarized 129XE NMR spectroscopy.

Aerogels represent a class of novel open-pore materials with high surface area and nanometer pore sizes. They exhibit extremely low mass densities, low thermal conductivity, good acoustic insulation, and low dielectric constants. These materials have potential applications in catalysis, advanced separation techniques, energy storage, environmental remediation, and as insulating materials. Organic aerogels are stiffer and stronger than silica aerogels and are better insulators with higher thermal resistance. Resorcinol-Formaldehyde (RF) aerogels are typically prepared through the base-catalyzed sol-gel polymerization of resorcinol with formaldehyde in aqueous solution to produce gels, which are then dried in supercritical CO2.1,2 The [resorcinol]/ [catalyst] (R/C) ratio of the starting sol-gel solution has been determined to be the dominant factor that affects the properties of RF aerogels. Since the unique microstructures of aerogels are responsible for their unusual properties, characterizing the detailed porous structures and correlating them with the processing parameters are vital to establish rational design principles for novel organic aerogels with tailored properties. In this communication we report the first use of hyperpolarized (HP) 129Xe NMR to probe the geometry and interconnectivity of pores in RF aerogels and to correlate these with synthetic conditions. Our work demonstrates that HP 129Xe NMR is so far themore » only method for accurately measuring the free volume-to-surface-area (Vg/S) ratios for soft mesoporous materials without using any geometric models.« less
Studies of an in Vitro Effect of Glucocorticoids on Gluconeogenesis

The synthesis of carbohydrate from amino acids and other compounds was studied, using liver tissue slices prepared from fasted, adrenalectomized rats. It was found that glucocorticoids added in low concentrations to the incubation system stimulated carbohydrate formation when either L-alanine or L-serine was supplied as substrate. The carbohydrate that was formed was shown to be glucose or compounds yielding glucose upon acid hydrolysis. The slices responded regularly to steroid concentrations of 10-6 M, and in occasional experiments with triamcinolone (l,4-pregnadiene-9α fluoro-11β, 16α, 17α, 21-tetrol-3, 20-dione) a response was seen with concentrations as low as 10-8 M. Triamcinolone, cortisol and corticosterone were active but all other steroids tested were inactive at 10-5 M. These included desoxycorticosterone, dihydrocortisol (pregnan-11 (1,17α, 21-triol-3, 20-dione), Reichstein's compound E (4-pregnen-llβ, 17α, 20β-tetrol-3-one), testosterone and progesterone. No statistically significant effect o...
Special cases, composition of causes, and the complexity of nature

Abstract It is often held by philosophers of science that special, idealized situations are prior to complex cases in several senses: equations for complex cases are derived from those for special cases by “composing” special case equations; behavior in complex cases is explained in terms of behavior in special cases; one learns the true nature of a property in the special case where it is allowed to work in isolation. In this paper, I argue that a strand of non-equilibrium thermodynamics which attempts to go beyond the limitations of classical non-equilibrium thermodynamics adheres to something that is the reverse of this picture. Thus, the legitimacy (or lack thereof) of this picture lies very near to the heart of foundational issues in non-equilibrium thermodynamics.
DNA Cytosine C5 Methyltransferase Dnmt1: Catalysis-Dependent Release of Allosteric Inhibition†

We followed the cytosine C5 exchange reaction with Dnmt1 to characterize its preference for different DNA substrates, its allosteric regulation, and to provide a basis for comparison with the bacte...
James L. Waters Symposium 2009 on near-infrared spectroscopy

Abstract This is a report on the Pittcon 2009 Waters Symposium, which featured five speakers on the history and fast-growing applications of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Often called the “Father of NIRS”, Karl Norris described the development and the initial refinement of the first NIR instruments for use in whole-sample grain measurements. Peter Flinn provided an explanation of the science behind this technology and explained the need for and use of chemometrics in interpreting NIRS data. Franklin “Woody” Barton explained how the first official, standardized methods were developed and described the development of compact, dedicated NIR spectrometers for rapid, non-destructive, at-line and in-line analysis of material. Phil Williams detailed the introduction of NIRS to the world of commerce and the spread of NIR worldwide. Finally, Robert Lodder explained some out-of-the-box modern applications of NIRS in the fields of aging, artificial intelligence and astrobiology.
Ultrastructural organization of medial prefrontal inputs to the rhinal cortices

Accumulating evidence suggests that the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) plays a critical role in the formation, retrieval and long-term storage of hippocampal-dependent memories. Consistent with this, there are direct hippocampal projections to the mPFC. Moreover, the mPFC sends robust projections to the perirhinal and entorhinal cortices, two interconnected cortical fields that funnel information into and out of the hippocampus. However, the significance of the latter projection remains unclear because no data are available regarding the rhinal targets of mPFC axons. This question was examined in the present study using a combination of anterograde tracing with Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin and pre-embedding gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) immunocytochemistry in guinea pigs. Following Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin injections in the mPFC, anterogradely labeled axons were seen in the perirhinal (mainly superficial layers) and lateral entorhinal (mainly deep layers) cortices. In the electron microscope, the synaptic articulation of anterogradely labeled mPFC axon terminals with perirhinal and entorhinal neurons was found to be nearly identical. In these two rhinal fields, mPFC axon terminals only formed asymmetric synapses, typically with GABA-immunonegative spines ( approximately 70%) but occasionally with dendritic profiles ( approximately 30%), half of which were GABA immunopositive. In the light of earlier observations, these findings indicate that mPFC inputs exert mainly excitatory effects in the rhinal cortices, prevalently on principal neurons. Thus, these results suggest that the mPFC may affect hippocampal-dependent memories by enhancing impulse traffic into and out of the hippocampus at the level of the rhinal cortices.
The structure of coordination in first language acquisition of Mandarin Chinese: evidence for a universal.

Abstract This study exemplifies a type of cross-linguistic research which is based on the theory that certain parameters of natural language variation are central to the human competence for language. Sensitivity to these parameters allows the child to develop various specific language structures which follow from setting the parameters. Results of this study provide evidence that children are universally sensitive to one such parameter, namely, Principal Branching Direction. Data are based on results of a standardized elicited imitation test of 68 Chinese children in Taiwan between 2;0 and 4;5 with mean age of 3;3. The test is on a set of coordinate sentences. The results show that children acquiring Mandarin Chinese (a left-branching language) systematically prefer VO sentences with a backward reduction pattern ([V + V]O) over those with a forward reduction pattern (V[O + O]). Children's responses to SV coordinate sentences differ systematically from their VO responses. They very frequently reduce redundant subjects in a forward direction (in SV sentences) and do not prefer backward reduction ([S + S])V) over forward reduction (S[V + V]) in these SV sentences. This paper suggests an explanation of this apparent paradox in terms of an interaction in early language acquisition between children's sensitivity to a predominant Chinese topic-comment structure (in SV) and their sensitivity to the abstract, specifically grammatical concept of “Principal Branching Direction”.
Turbulent pattern bases for cellular automata

Abstract Unpredictable patterns generated by cellular automata (CA) can be decomposed with respect to a turbulent,positive entropy rate pattern basis. The resulting filtered patterns uncover significant structural organization in a CA's dynamics and information processing capabilities. We illustrate the decompostion technique by analyzing a binary, range-2 cellular automaton having two invariant chaotic domains of different complexities and entropies. Once identified, the domains are seen to organize the CA's state space and to dominate its evolution. Starting from the domains' structures, we show how to construct a finite-state transducer that performs nonlinear spatial filtering such that the resulting space-time patterns reveal the domains and the intervening walls and dislocations. To show the statistical consequences of domain detection, we compare the entropy and complexity densities of each domain with the globally averaged quantities. A more graphical comparison uses difference patterns and difference plumes which trace the space-time influence of a single-site perturbation. We also investigate the diversity of walls and particles emanating from the interface between two adjacent domains.
Characterization and determination of the relative abundance of two types of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 proteases that are secreted by human fibroblasts

We previously reported that human fibroblasts secrete a protease into their conditioned medium that cleaves insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 (IGFBP-5) into non-IGF-I binding fragments. Because the protease activity in the fibroblast medium has characteristics of both serine and metalloproteases, the activity was purified and analyzed to determine whether it retained serine or metalloprotease properties. The protease was purified by heparin Sepharose affinity chromatography followed by alpha1 antichymotrypsin affinity or gelatin agarose chromatography. The heparin Sepharose purified material degraded IGFBP-5 into 22-, 17-, and 16-kDa fragments. Amino acid sequencing showed that the 22-kDa fragment contained the amino-terminus of the protein. The protease activity in the fibroblast conditioned medium that was purified by heparin Sepharose was inhibited by both serine and metalloprotease inhibitors. To attempt to separate these activities, the heparin Sepharose purified activity was further purif...
Changes in zooplankton habitat, behavior, and acoustic scattering characteristics across glider-resolved fronts in the Southern California Current System

Abstract We report cross-frontal changes in the characteristics of plankton proxy variables measured by autonomous Spray ocean gliders operating within the Southern California Current System (SCCS). A comparison of conditions across the 154 positive frontal gradients (i.e., where density of the surface layer decreased in the offshore direction) identified from six years of continuous measurements showed that waters on the denser side of the fronts typically showed higher Chl-a fluorescence, shallower euphotic zones, and higher acoustic backscatter than waters on the less dense side. Transitions between these regions were relatively abrupt. For positive fronts the amplitude of Diel Vertical Migration (DVM), inferred from a 3-beam 750 kHz acoustic Doppler profiler, increased offshore of fronts and covaried with optical transparency of the water column. Average interbeam variability in acoustic backscatter also changed across many positive fronts within 3 depth strata (0–150 m, 150–400 m, and 400–500 m), revealing a front-related change in the acoustic scattering characteristics of the assemblages. The extent of vertical stratification of distinct scattering assemblages was also more pronounced offshore of positive fronts. Depth-stratified zooplankton samples collected by Mocness nets corroborated the autonomous measurements, showing copepod-dominated assemblages and decreased zooplankton body sizes offshore and euphausiid-dominated assemblages with larger median body sizes inshore of major frontal features.
A Progress Report—Fundamentals of Thermochemical Corrosion Reactions

This paper describes original work on the reactions of sulfur with oxygen in flame systems of H2 S-O2 -Ar, where the stabilized thin flame was microprobed and the quenched products of reaction were examined with a mass spectrometer. Problems in identifying reaction products are described. Although the mass spectrometer was shown capable of checking wet analyses for mixtures of gases, the composition of combustion products was not determinable accurately by this method. Preliminary kinetic data are presented for both, homogeneously and heterogeneously (catalytically) produced SO2 and SO3 .
Some New Advances in the Theory of Dynamic Materials

Some recent advances in the theory of dynamic materials are listed in the paper. We discuss the technique used to determine the set of invariant characteristics of material mixtures in one spatial dimension and time, in the context of electrodynamics of moving dielectrics, versus the relevant results in traditional electrostatics. Some special features of dynamic materials demonstrated through a material design are advertised as well. Among them, we mention the possibility to eliminate the cut-off frequency in the waveguides with activated dielectric filling.
Ligands and Phytase Hydrolysis of Organic Phosphorus in Soils Amended with Dairy Manure

Information about orthophosphate and organic phosphorus (P) desorption in soil amended with animal manure is needed because a build-up of P following repeated manure applications poses risks of offsite dissolved P discharges. An enzymatic hydrolysis and soil P desorption study was conducted to develop a novel ligand-based phytase-hydrolyzable P (PHP) method and quantify water-extractable uncomplexed and complexed P forms (i.e., bioactive P) in Unicorn and Christiana soils (Typic Hapludults). Extractability of inorganic P with ligands alone (LEP) increased from 2 and 22 mg kg -1 (03 and 3.1 ± 0.16% total P) up to sevenfold with increasing ligand (LIGND) concentrations in the order of CDTA = EDTA > DTPA >> oxalate. The LIGNDs nullified the benefits of using an anion sink in soil P desorption measurements. Soil organic P was hydrolyzed in situ by Aspergillus ficuum (Reichardt) Henn. phytase EC 3.1.3.8, corroborating the presence of myo-inositol phosphomonoesters including IP6. Adding CDTA and EDTA increased phytases' efficacy and that of the PHP assay for measuring previously inaccessible complexed organic P; soil PHP increased from 2.3 and 6.4% to peak at 32.0 ± 0.7 and up to 40.8 ± 0.2% of total P in Unicorn and Christiana soils, respectively. In long-term manure-amended Christiana silt loam under orchardgrass-red clover stands, the LIGND-PHP method showed that repeated manure applications resulted in soil storage of unextractable complexed PHP and a buildup of inorganic LEP. Accumulation of LEP increases risks of mobilization of bioactive P in the top 10 cm of these soils.
When can patients with potentially life-threatening adverse effects be rechallenged with clozapine? A systematic review of the published literature.

Abstract Background Clozapine is widely prescribed for treatment refractory patients with schizophrenia, but its use is limited by potentially life threatening adverse effects. Rechallenge after these complications has been occasionally attempted in patients with severe psychotic symptoms. Objective To review the outcome of clozapine rechallenge after potentially life threatening adverse effects. Methods Electronic, all-language, literature search (1972–2011) followed by demographic and clinical data extraction. The outcome of rechallenge was considered favorable when the lower bound of the 95% confidence interval (CI) of the proportion of patients who could continue clozapine was > 50%. Results Altogether, 138 patients (mean age: 36.3 years, 65.7% male, 57.6% Caucasian, virtually all with schizophrenia spectrum diagnosis) underwent clozapine rechallenge after developing neutropenia (n = 112), agranulocytosis (n = 15), neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) (n = 5), myocarditis (n = 4), pericarditis (n = 1) and lupus erythematosus (n = 1). Rechallenge strategies were heterogeneous and not systematically evaluated. Clozapine rechallenge was successful in 78/112 patients (69.6%, CI: 60.6–77.4) after neutropenia, 3/15 (20%, CI: 7.1–45.2) after agranulocytosis, 5/5 (100%, CI: 56–100) after NMS, 3/4 (75%, CI: 30–95) after myocarditis, 1/1 after pericarditis, and 0/1 after clozapine-induced lupus. Successfully rechallenged patients were followed for 16–96 weeks. None of the rechallenged patients died. Conclusions Although controlled studies are clearly needed, using a priori, confidence interval-based criteria, case reports/series suggest that in refractory patients who benefited from clozapine, careful rechallenge can be considered after neutropenia and NMS, but not after agranulocytosis and myocarditis.
How do diatoms make silicon biominerals

Abstract Among the most widespread and successful organisms to produce biominerals are a group of single cell plants, the diatoms. The regular, intricate designs of their siliceous cell walls have fascinated microscopists since the technique was invented, and now the organisms are being studied to elucidate the mechanisms of silicification, and of biomineralization in general.
An infrared photoacoustic spectrometer

Abstract A single-beam dispersive photoacoustic spectrometer system usable in the infrared range is described. A carbon rod source was used with a monochromator, based on a Perkin-Elmer Model 421 bed and Model 621 interchange modified to contain only 6 reflective surfaces, driven by a computer-controlled step drive. Useful source-compensated spectra of solids were recorded in the 4000-880 cm−1 range.
A note on linear heteroscedasticity models

Abstract The familiar practice of estimating residual variance functions via regression of squared estimated residuals is examined in a method of moments framework. In many situations, the covariance matrix estimator will reduce to White's (1980) heteroscedasticity-consistent computation. Extensions to higher moments and multiple equation systems are discussed.
Antimicrobial Activity of Antituberculosis Agents against Anaerobic Bacteria

Anaerobic infections may coexist with tuberculosis, and can be mistaken for one another. The effect of therapy with antituberculosis chemotherapeutic agents against anaerobic bacteria (with the exception of rifampin) is unknown. We therefore examined the in vitro efficacy of certain commonly used antituberculosis agents (rifampin, isoniazid, and ethambutol) against 370 strains of anaerobic bacteria, including 86 isolates of Bacteroides fragilis. Rifampin at a concentration of 2 μ g/ml inhibited 91 percent of all anaerobic isolates. Both ethambutol and isoniazid were totally ineffective against any of the anaerobes tested, even at 64 μ g/ml. Therapy with rifampin in an unsuspected anaerobic infection can be misdiagnosed for tuberculosis. Therefore, when tuberculosis is suspected, isoniazid and ethambutol can be used and rifampin withheld until the acid-fast bacilli are demonstrated by additional diagnostic procedures, such as transtracheal aspiration.
A COMPARISON OF FOUR METHODS OF BIOASSAY FOR THE GONADOTROPIC FACTORS

THE OBJECT of a gonadotropic assay is to evaluate the amount and kind of gonadotropic stimulation produced by a given extract, whether derived from the gland, blood or urine. The factor or factors producing such stimulation cause follicle growth and Iuteiniz3.tion in the ovaries. Follicle stimulation is followed by produc′tion of estrogen which, in rodents, causes proliferative changes in the uterine mucosa and breasts as well as mucification of the vaginal epithelium. Luteini- 23.tion (corpus luteum formation) produces progesterone which induces secretory changes in the estrogen-stimulated uterine and mammary epithe′lium. The gonadotropic effect may be evaluated directly from the ovaries or indirectly by evaluation of the ovarian action initiated by the gonadotropic factors, as manifested by the secondary effects produced on the rest of the genital system (uterus, vagina, breasts).
The Impact of the Medical Home on Access to Care for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) experience difficulty accessing health care services. Using parent-reported data from the 2009–2010 National Survey of Children with Special Health Care Needs, we examined whether having a medical home reduces unmet need for specialty care services for children with ASD (n = 3,055). Descriptive statistics and Chi square tests identified sample characteristics and examined the relationship between unmet needs and a standardized measure of medical home. Logistic regression models explored the individual impact of demographic, condition-specific and medical home variables on unmet need. Parents reported that nearly all children had a need for specialty services, 36 % had an unmet need, and 23.9 % had a medical home. Children who had fewer unmet needs were more likely to have received family-centered and coordinated care through a medical home, and this relationship remained significant even when demographic and condition-specific variables were taken into account. These findings suggest ways to improve access to care for children with ASD through enhanced family-centered and coordinated care within the medical home.
The Fine Structure of Polychaete Septate Junctions

Epidermal septate junctions of Nereis sp. and Cirriformia sp. fixed with OsO4 or glutaraldehyde/OsO4 display variable structure in electron micrographs. In transverse section the septa are often indistinct and obscured by opaque material that fills the junctional cleft. Septa (spaced at 180–280 A) are more clearly defined in slightly oblique transverse section; they exhibit an electron lucent center and appear to be linked by arms. En face views of the junction show a honeycomb pattern. Cytoplasmic faces of junctional membranes are backed with plaques opposite the septa. Lanthanum used as a tracer delineates junctional structure in negative contrast. In transverse section a chain-like lattice is present in the junctional cleft. En face views show parallel rows of pleated elements often linked by arms into honeycomb arrays. Oblique sections demonstrate that these pleated elements are continuous with the chain-like lattice seen in transverse sections. Lanthanum does not pass entirely through the junction. Lanthanum reveals that the septa have a very intricate substructure, but it is difficult to visualize the architecture that could generate the various images presented by these junctions when seen in different orientations. However, it is clear that these junctions possess some features that are diagnostic of several supposedly different types of septate junctions in invertebrates.
Long term care planning for cancer survivors: a health services research agenda

Introduction The recent Institute of Medicine report From Cancer Patient to Cancer Survivor: Lost in Transition recommended that ‘survivorship care plans’ be created for patients as they complete primary therapy for cancer in order to ensure clarity for all involved about patients’ diagnoses, treatment received, and plan for surveillance. It should explicitly identify the providers responsible for each aspect of ongoing care, and provide information on resources available for psychosocial and other practical issues that may arise as a result of the prior cancer diagnosis. The IOM stated that survivorship care plans ‘have strong face validity and can reasonably be assumed to improve care unless and until evidence accumulates to the contrary.’
Parallel Selection: Evolution's Surprising Predictability

The mechanistic basis of how polygenic traits respond to selection is not well understood. New research provides compelling evidence for widespread parallel selection in independent mouse strains selected for extreme body weight.
Chiroptical properties of 2-chloropropionitrile.

(S)-(−)-2-Chloropropionitrile has been prepared from (S)-(+)-alanine, and the ORD curves have been obtained in several solvents and in the gas phase. A reaction field extrapolation of the solution data to the gas phase led to an estimated value of [α]D = −21°, whereas the interpolated gas phase value is −8°. The specific rotation was found to be temperature dependent in ethylcyclohexane solution over the range 0−100 °C. Although rotation of the methyl group leads to large calculated effects on the specific rotation, it does not lead to the temperature dependence. Rather, a low frequency mode at 224 cm-1 was found to be responsible. This is a mixed mode involving methyl torsion and CC⋮N bending. The specific rotations calculated at the B3LYP/aug-cc-pVDZ level including electric field dependent functions are in very good agreement with the measured gas phase values.
Becoming Literate: Looking Across Curricular Structures at Situated Identities

The United States is becoming more multilingual with globalization. Public schools continue to enroll increasing numbers of students who speak a language other than English. This adds to the rich diversity of classrooms while at the same time offers challenges for educators. This collaborative-ethnographic style research study investigates the ways in which identities are constructed for and by an English language learner (ELL) as she uses language at school. The author explores classroom reading events and the ways one ELL negotiates these events with her peers in an English dominant classroom. Results reveal the fluidity of identities across classroom curricular structures at school.
Trust Region Augmented Lagrangian Methods for Sequential Response Surface Approximation and Optimization

A common engineering practice is the use of approximation models in place of expensive computer simulations to drive a multidisciplinary design process based on nonlinear programming techniques. The use of approximation strategies is designed to reduce the number of detailed, costly computer simulations required during optimization while maintaining the pertinent features of the design problem. To date the primary focus of most approximate optimization strategies is that application of the method should lead to improved designs. This is a laudable attribute and certainly relevant for practicing designers. However to date few researchers have focused on the development of approximate optimization strategies that are assured of converging to a solution of the original problem. Recent works based on trust region model management strategies have shown promise in managing convergence in unconstrained approximate minimization. In this research we extend these well established notions from the literature on trust-region methods to manage the convergence of the more general approximate optimization problem where equality, inequality and variable bound constraints are present. The primary concern addressed in this study is how to manage the interaction between the optimization and the fidelity of the approximation models to ensure that the process converges to a solution of the original constrained design problem. Using a trust-region model management strategy, coupled with an augmented Lagrangian approach for constrained approximate optimization, one can show that the optimization process converges to a solution of the original problem. In this research an approximate optimization strategy is developed in which a cumulative response surface approximation of the augmented Lagrangian is sequentially optimized subject to a trust region constraint. Results for several test problems are presented in which convergence to a Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) point is observed.
Some new species and new combinations of marine red algae from the central Pacific

SUMMARY Six new species in five genera of Rhodophyta are described. A new combination for Polyopes hakalauensis is also proposed. These taxa were encountered while preparing a manual of marine red algae of the Hawaiian Islands. Among the Halymeniales, two blade-like species of Halymenia, H. cromwellii sp. nov. and H. stipi-tata sp. nov., are distinguished from other species by habit and anatomical differences, including the possession of a stipe by the second. Halymenia hakalauensis Tilden 1902 is transferred to Polyopes as P. hakalauensis (Tilden) Abbott, replacing P. hawaiiensis Kajimura which is considered a synonym. A new species of Prionitis, P. corymbifera sp. nov., shows a corymbose branching pattern different from the mostly pinnate to subdichotomous branching of Japanese and Californian species. In the Gigartinales, Chondracanthus okamurae Abbott is named for a specimen which Okamura included in his understanding of Gigartina (now Chondracanthus tenellus), but which has terete axes, differing from C. tenellus (Harvey) Hommersand which is com-planate throughout. Chondracanthus intermedius (Sur-ingar) Hommersand is placed in synonymy with C. tenellus. The occurrence of C. tenellus in Hawai'i is a new distribution record from Asia. Three new species are added to the Ceramiales, Ceramium tranquillum Meneses (Ceramiaceae), Dasya kristeniae sp. nov. and Dasya murrayana Abbott & Millar (Dasyaceae). Distinctive features of Ceramium tranquillum are internodes that are three to five times longer than the height of nodes, and nodes that never project beyond the diameter of the internodes, giving straight margins except when fertile. Dasya kristeniae is a diminutive epiphyte which is nearly ecorticate, with tetrasporangial stichidia that are rectangular having apices that are curved or nodding, and cystocarps that have flaring ostioles above a constricted pericarp. Dasya murrayana was earlier misidentified with Dasya iyengarii Borgesen, and re-examination of those plants show continuous cortication throughout, where cortication is almost completely lacking in D. iyengarii except near the base. Dasya murrayana has a tufted habit, with indeterminate branches about the same sizes as the main axes, the plants growing on rock, whereas plants of D. iyengarii are not tufted, with indeterminate branches attenuate, and an epiphytic habit.
p63 in epithelial survival, germ cell surveillance, and neoplasia

The p53homolog p63has emerged as a gene with an enormously complex function that is distinct from that of p53. It encodes two distinct transcript isoforms that have a dramatic impact on replenishment of cutaneous epithelial stem cells and on ovarian germ cell survival. However, although these two fundamental roles of p63 attest to its powerful place in development, its other functions-specifically the apparent capacity of p63, when induced, to supervise the emergence of new cell populations in the breast, prostate, cervix, and upper reproductive tract-are shared by embryo and adult. These observed functions may only scratch the surface of a repertoire that has been postulated to encompass a range of cellular activities, as evidenced by the fact that p63 proteins have been shown to potentially bind to over 5800 target sites. Whether tumorigenic pathways are also involved, and to what extent, is a subject of both promise and controversy that remains to be resolved.
Legislative Behaviour in the Northern Ireland Assembly, 2007–11: Conflict and Consensus in a Developing Consociational Democracy

While most research has focused on the executive in Northern Ireland, this study examines behavioural dynamics in the legislative assembly by focusing sharply on division votes and the use of proce...
A 90 GHz Hybrid Switching Pulsed-Transmitter for Medical Imaging

This paper reports a fully integrated 90 GHz-carrier pulsed transmitter in 0.13 μm SiGe BiCMOS process for imaging applications. To obtain ultra-short programmable pulses, the transmitter employs a number of novel techniques including hybrid switching and Antentronics. The transmit path includes a quadrature VCO, PA driver, PA and the on-chip folded slot antenna. High speed ECL circuits generate and provide the short pulses in several operating modes. The transmitter achieves a record pulsewidth of 26 ps in the hybrid mode and 33 ps in the independent mode. This translates to >30 GHz of RF BW in the transmitter.
Achieving NTRU with Montgomery multiplication

We propose a new unified architecture that utilizes the Montgomery multiplication algorithm to perform a modular multiplication for both integers and binary polynomials and NTRU's polynomial multiplications. The unified design is capable of supporting a majority of public-key cryptosystems such as NTRU, RSA, Diffie-Hellman key exchange, and elliptic curve schemes, among others. Furthermore, the architecture is highly efficient in terms of area and speed.
Isolation and characterization of intracellular lipid droplets from bovine mammary tissue.

Abstract Intracellular lipid droplets were isolated by differential centrifugation from mammary tissue homogenates from three cows. Several isolation techniques were evaluated. Tissue and milk fat globules from one of the cows were analyzed. Electron microscopy of the intracellular lipid droplet fraction revealed droplets .5 to 6 µ in diameter which were partially enveloped by a discontinuous osmiophilic layer. There was no evidence of a lipoprotein bilayer membrane. Phospholipids comprised .7 to 2.0% of the total lipids. Phosphatidylcholine accounted for 53.7 to 64.0% of the total phospholipid. The phosphatidylcholine :phosphatidylethanolamine ratios for intracellular lipid droplets, tissue, and milk fat globules were 3:1, 2:1, and 1:1, respectively. Cholesterol accounted for .4% of the total lipid. The ratio of unesterified to esterified cholesterol was 3.5:1. Intracellular lipid droplets are stabilized within the cytoplasm by a phospholipid-cholesterol film with a small amount of protein adsorbed at the droplet:cytoplasm interface. Similarity between the phospholipid composition of endoplasmic reticulum and intracellular lipid droplets suggests that phospholipids of the droplets were derived from the reticulum.
Stress and Coping in Families of Learning Disabled Children A Literature Review

The purpose of this paper is to review recent literature on families of learning disabled children. Having a handicapped child is stressful to a family, but the family whose child has a hidden handicap experiences special problems. The literature on families with physically handicapped and retarded children is first explored as a basis for the more contemporary work done on the LD child's effect on the total family. The literature describing parental reactions to the diagnosis of learning disabilities and the problems inherent in living with these children is discussed, as well as the children's reactions.
Rethinking Disability and Inclusive Education: A Teacher Study Group

This qualitative study explored the outcomes of five teachers’ engagement in a study group, the content of which was based in the radical/critical tradition of counter-narratives and social change, and which explicitly aimed to explore institutionalized ableism and the role of educators in the systematic segregation of students with disabilities in schools. The findings indicate that teachers experienced significant and meaningful shifts in their thinking about the constructed meanings of disability in society, the nature of disability oppression, and the implications of inclusive education in democratic societies.
Diagnostic differences in visual field defects Demyelinating versus compressive optic neuropathy

We report three patients who developed symptomatic visual loss following uncomplicated general surgical procedures. All three patients had ocular examinations and visual field deficits consistent with acute ischemic optic neuropathy. All three had hemoglobin levels below normal limits at the onset of visual symptoms. However, none of the patients suffered intraoperative or postoperative hemorrhaging. Ischemic optic neuropathy may occur following general surgical procedures, not complicated by significant hemorrhaging.
A necessary and sufficient 'virtual (interior) edge' solution for checking robust stability of interval matrices

Addresses the issue of developing a finitely computable necessary and sufficient test for checking the robust stability of an interval matrix and provides a complete solution to the problem in the form of a 'virtual edge' (a one dimensional search) result. The result uses the fact that the robust stability problem can be converted to a robust nonsingularity problem involving the original matrix and the associated bialternate sum matrix (which we label as the 'tilde' matrix). The special nature of the 'tilde' matrix is exploited with the introduction of concepts labeled 'real axis nonsingularity','virtual matrix family' and 'weighted real axis determinant'. The proposed necessary and sufficient condition involves checking if the weighted real axis determinants of the 'virtual edge' matrices are greater than the minimum of the weighted real axis determinants of the vertex matrices. This condition is to be checked in the 'tilde' matrix space. The proposed methodology is illustrated with a variety of examples.
Nutrition and Protein Turnover: A Review

The proteins of the body are continuously being broken down and resynthesized. This review discusses the physiological significance of this process, how it can be measured in patients, and how it is altered by malnutrition and various disease states.
Production and propagation of single-event transients in high-speed digital logic ICs

The production and propagation of single-event transients in scaled metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) digital logic circuits are examined. Scaling trends to the 100-nm technology node are explored using three-dimensional mixed-level simulations, including both bulk CMOS and silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technologies. Significant transients in deep submicron circuits are predicted for particle strikes with linear energy transfer as low as 2 MeV-cm/sup 2//mg, and unattenuated propagation of such transients can occur in bulk CMOS circuits at the 100-nm technology node. Transients approaching 1 ns in duration are predicted in bulk CMOS circuits. Body-tied SOI circuits produce much shorter transients than their bulk counterparts, making them more amenable to transient filtering schemes based on temporal redundancy. Body-tied SOI circuits also maintain a significant advantage in single-event transient immunity with scaling.
3D hierarchical architectures based on self-rolled-up silicon nitride membranes

This study presents the superior structural versatility of strained silicon nitride (SiNx) membranes as a platform for three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical tubular architectures. The effects of compressive and tensile stressed SiNx layer thickness on the self-rolled-up tube curvature, the sacrificial layer etching anisotropy on rolling direction and chirality, and stress engineering by localized thickness control or thermal treatment, are explored systematically. Using strained SiNx membranes as an electrically insulating and optically transparent mechanical support, compact 3D hierarchical architectures involving carbon nanotube arrays and passive electronic components are demonstrated by releasing the functional structures deposited and patterned in 2D. These examples highlight the uniqueness of this platform that exploits 2D processing and self-assembly to achieve highly functional 3D structures.
Experimental study of broadband embedded dielectric resonator antennas excited by a narrow slot

A narrow slot coupled to a microstrip line excites a dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) consisting of a small dielectric disc embedded in a larger disc is built and tested. Two different configurations of DRAs are tested with two different slots providing eight different possibilities. One configuration provides a bandwidth over 50%. These antennas have broadside radiation patterns because of the symmetry presence of the slot with the DRA. Sample of radiation patterns are provided.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Dap1p, a Novel DNA Damage Response Protein Related to the Mammalian Membrane-Associated Progesterone Receptor

The response to damage is crucial for cellular survival, and eukaryotic cells require a broad array of proteins for an intact damage response. We have found that the YPL170W (DAP1 [for damage response protein related to membrane-associated progesterone receptors]) gene is required for growth in the presence of the methylating agent methyl methanesulfonate (MMS). The DAP1 open reading frame shares homology with a broadly conserved family of membrane-associated progesterone receptors (MAPRs). Deletion of DAP1 leads to sensitivity to MMS, elongated telomeres, loss of mitochondrial function, and partial arrest in sterol synthesis. Sensitivity of dap1 strains to MMS is not due to loss of damage checkpoints. Instead, dap1 cells are arrested as unbudded cells after MMS treatment, suggesting that Dap1p is required for cell cycle progression following damage. Dap1p also directs resistance to itraconazole and fluconazole, inhibitors of sterol synthesis. We have found that dap1 cells have slightly decreased levels of ergosterol but increased levels of the ergosterol intermediates squalene and lanosterol, indicating that dap1 cells have a partial defect in sterol synthesis. This is the first evidence linking a MAPR family member to sterol regulation or the response to damage, and these functions are probably conserved in a variety of eukaryotes.
Receivers for Multifrequency Wireless Power Transfer: Design for Minimum Interference

Inductive (or wireless) power transfer is proving to be an effective way to deliver power over short distances in a wide range of applications. Frequently, there is a need to deliver power from a single transmitter to multiple mutually coupled receivers. In this paper, we quantify how the power delivered to each receiver is affected due to the resonant frequency shift resulting from receiver mutual coupling. We show that the effect on power delivered is quite severe, especially in high-quality-factor systems. We develop the mathematical framework and demonstrate experimentally that the problem disappears if each receiver is tuned at one of the frequencies emitted by a single transmitter. We adopt the concept of frequency traps as a method to completely decouple the receivers.
Chi: a little sequence controls a big enzyme.

WHEN we stumbled over Chi in coliphage λ (in 1972?), it appeared to be a uniquely accessible example of a “recombination initiator,” whose existence was implied by gene-conversion gradients (polarons) of fungi. Hence, it promised to have wide significance for our understanding of meiotic as well as of prokaryotic recombination. For a time, Chi seemed to fulfill its promise, but things turned out otherwise. Nevertheless, Chi did elucidate basic aspects of genetic recombination and genome maintenance, played a role in the development of λ as a cloning vehicle, and continues to bring enzymological surprises. In this Perspectives, which reflects my rather personal memory of events, literature citations of work from our lab are omitted to improve readability. They can be found in older reviews (e.g., Myers and Stahl 1994; Smith 1998) or electronically. For those in a hurry, here is the bottom line: Escherichia coli's RecBCD enzyme enters duplex DNA at a double-strand break and travels in a destructive mode until it encounters a properly oriented octamer called Chi. This encounter civilizes the enzyme, which keeps on traveling, in a recombinagenic mode, recruiting E. coli's strand-invasion protein, RecA, to effect recombination when a homolog is available. The primary adaptive significance of Chi is likely to concern E. coli DNA replication, when breaks occur at the fork. Since these breaks are repaired by a RecBCD-promoted recombination-like reaction (usually between the two tines of the fork), Chi plays a role in the maintenance of the E. coli genome.
The circulation over the Continental shelf south of Cape Hatteras

South of Cape Hatteras, a southerly-flowing coastal current, such as is common to the northward, is a transient affair. Such a current when present, is restricted to a very narrow portion of the continental shelf. The dynamic pressure gradient resulting from the combined effect of the runoff and the cross-shelf thermal gradient together with the prevailing wind and the frictional drag of the Florida Current provides for a northeasterly drift over a broad part of the Carolina continental shelf.
The E3 ligase PARC mediates the degradation of cytosolic cytochrome c to promote survival in neurons and cancer cells

The ability to withstand mitochondrial damage is especially critical for the survival of postmitotic cells, such as neurons. Likewise, cancer cells can also survive mitochondrial stress. We found that cytochrome c (Cyt c), which induces apoptosis upon its release from damaged mitochondria, is targeted for proteasome-mediated degradation in mouse neurons, cardiomyocytes, and myotubes and in human glioma and neuroblastoma cells, but not in proliferating human fibroblasts. In mouse neurons, apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 (Apaf-1) prevented the proteasome-dependent degradation of Cyt c in response to induced mitochondrial stress. An RNA interference screen in U-87 MG glioma cells identified p53-associated Parkin-like cytoplasmic protein (PARC, also known as CUL9) as an E3 ligase that targets Cyt c for degradation. The abundance of PARC positively correlated with differentiation in mouse neurons, and overexpression of PARC reduced the abundance of mitochondrially-released cytosolic Cyt c in various cancer cell lines and in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Conversely, neurons from Parc-deficient mice had increased sensitivity to mitochondrial damage, and neuroblastoma or glioma cells in which PARC or ubiquitin was knocked down had increased abundance of mitochondrially-released cytosolic Cyt c and decreased viability in response to stress. These findings suggest that PARC-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of Cyt c is a strategy engaged by both neurons and cancer cells to prevent apoptosis during conditions of mitochondrial stress.