cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Optimized Diagnostic Approach to Patients Suspected of Superior Semicircular Canal Dehiscence.

OBJECTIVES Current methods of diagnosing superior semicircular canal dehiscence syndrome (SCDS) include a clinical exam, audiometric testing, temporal bone computer tomography (CT) imaging, and vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) testing. The main objective of this study was to develop an improved diagnostic approach to SCDS optimized for accuracy, efficiency, and safety that utilizes clinical presentation, audiometric testing, CT imaging, high-frequency cervical VEMP (cVEMP) testing, and patient treatment preference. A secondary aim was to investigate the cost associated with the current versus proposed diagnostic paradigms. DESIGN All patients who underwent cVEMP testing since introduction of the 2 kHz cVEMP in our clinical protocol in July 2018 were screened. Patients suspected of SCDS based upon symptoms who also had available audiogram, CT scan, and 2 kHz cVEMP were included (58 ears). Patients were categorized as dehiscent, thin, or not dehiscent based on their CT scan. Symptom prevalence and cVEMP outcomes were analyzed and compared for all groups. The accuracy of the 2 kHz cVEMP was calculated using CT imaging as the standard. Using a combination of patient symptomatology, audiometric, CT and 2 kHz cVEMP data, as well as patient preference, a best clinical practice approach was developed. The cost associated with this approach was calculated and compared with cost of the current SCDS diagnostic workup using Medicare reimbursement rates. RESULTS In the overall patient population suspected of SCDS based on clinical presentation, the sensitivity and specificity of 2 kHz cVEMP were 76% and 100%, respectively, while the positive and negative predictive values were 100% and 84.6%, assuming that the CT scan finding was correct. Autophony was the most common symptom in patients who had both superior semicircular canal dehiscence on CT imaging plus abnormal 2 kHz cVEMP (p < 0.001). Combining patient symptomatology, 2 kHz normalized peak to peak cVEMP amplitude, and patient treatment preference to determine, which patients should undergo CT scanning resulted in a potential cost reduction between 45% and 61%. CONCLUSION In patients suspected of SCDS based on their clinical presentation, the combination of symptomatology, 2 kHz cVEMP data, and patient preference can be used to determine which patients should undergo CT scanning, resulting in a diagnostic cost reduction and reduced patient radiation exposure.
Interconnect Technology/System Co-Optimization for Low-Power VLSI Applications Using Ballistic Materials

Promising interconnect materials continue to emerge and are considered as potential replacements for Cu interconnects. In this article, an interconnect technology/system codesign methodology is presented to efficiently optimize generic interconnects using ballistic materials. The key requirements of material-level characteristics to replace conventional Cu counterparts are quantified, such as the channel density, mean free path (MFP), and contact resistance. Furthermore, to achieve maximal chip-level throughput, two interconnect design schemes are proposed and optimized under a given number of metal layers, die area, and power density constraints. Results demonstrate that the optimal design scheme strongly depends on the power constraint, driving devices as well as material parameters, including the contact resistance. It is shown that up to 45% of the throughput improvement can be achieved by replacing both local and intermediate Cu interconnects at an ultralow-power budget.
A Descriptive Analysis of Men Diagnosed With Epididymitis, Orchitis, or Both in the Emergency Department.

Introduction Epididymitis and orchitis are illnesses characterized by pain and inflammation of the epididymis and testicle. They represent the most common causes of acute scrotal pain in the outpatient setting. Epididymitis and orchitis have both infectious and noninfectious causes, with most cases being secondary to the invasive pathogens chlamydia, gonorrhea, and Escherichia coli (E.coli). The study's objective was to examine the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of men diagnosed with epididymitis or orchitis in a United States emergency department. Methods We examined a dataset of 75,000 emergency department (ED) patient encounters from a single health system in Northeast Ohio who underwent nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT) for chlamydia, gonorrhea, or trichomonas, or who received a urinalysis and urine culture. All patients were ≥18 years of age, and all encounters took place between April 18, 2014, and March 7, 2017. The analysis only included men receiving an ED diagnosis of epididymitis, orchitis, or both. We evaluated laboratory and demographic data using univariable and multivariable analyses. Results There were 1.3% (256/19,308) of men in the dataset diagnosed with epididymitis, orchitis, or both. Only 50.1% (130/256) of men diagnosed with epididymitis, orchitis, or both were tested for gonorrhea and chlamydia during their clinical encounter, and among those 13.8% (18/130) were positive. Chlamydia (12.3% [16/130]) was more common than both gonorrhea (3.1% [4/129]) and trichomonas (8.8% [3/34]) among men <35 years of age diagnosed with epididymitis, orchitis, or both. Only 62.1% of men diagnosed with epididymitis, orchitis, or both received a urine culture, of which 20.1% grew bacteria at ≥10,000 CFU/ml. E. coli (N= 20) was the most common bacteria growing in urine culture followed by Streptococcus (N= 3), Klebsiella (N= 2), Pseudomonas (N= 2), and Serratia (N= 2). Men diagnosed with epididymitis, orchitis, or both who had a positive urine culture were more likely to be ≥35 years of age, married, had higher urine white blood cells (WBCs), more urine bacteria, higher urine leukocyte esterase, more likely to have urine nitrite, and were less likely to be empirically treated for gonorrhea and chlamydia (P≤.03 for all). Conclusions In the ED, epididymitis, orchitis, or both are uncommonly diagnosed among patients undergoing genitourinary tract laboratory testing. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are common in men <35 years of age diagnosed with epididymitis, orchitis, or both, with chlamydia being most common. E. coli was the most common bacteria growing in urine culture.
Network growth: Theory and evidence from the mobile telephone industry

Abstract Firms in mobile telephone markets place termination charges on one another for delivering calls to subscribers. We present a model of consumer and firm behavior in mobile markets in order to identify the role of termination charges in determining the market equilibrium. Our model predicts a “waterbed effect”, that is, high termination rates will be associated with low subscription prices, if preferences are the primary source of variation in termination rates. If costs are the main driver of termination rates our model predicts a “tide” hypothesis in which high termination rates exist alongside high subscription prices. We test these and other predictions from our model using international data on mobile subscriptions per person. We find results which are broadly consistent with our model. More specifically, we find evidence that mobile termination rates are positive and significantly related to mobile phone adoption. This result is robust to the inclusion of a variety of other structural, institutional, demographic, and income controls. We also find that competition, internet subscriptions, and a free press are positively associated with mobile phone adoption while fixed termination rates and inequality slow the adoption of mobile technologies.
Roll maneuvers versus side-lying maneuvers for geotropic horizontal canal BPPV: a systematic review

The vertigo associated with horizontal canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is usually much more intense than that associated with posterior canal BPPV. In addition, horizontal canal B...
Closing the Books: Transitional Justice in Historical Perspective

Part I. The Universe of Transitional Justice: 1. Athens in 411 and 403 BC. 2. The French restorations in 1814 and 1815 3. The larger universe of cases Part II. Analytics of Transitional Justice: 4. The structure of transitional justice 5. Wrongdoers 6. Victims 7. Constraints 8. Emotions 9. Politics.
Unsteady Dissolved-Oxygen Sag in a Stream

Solution is obtained for distribution of dissolved oxygen in polluted water of stream in which volume and velocity of flow are steady at any cross section, but not necessarily uniform at all cross sections; solution can account for added discharge and pollution along course of stream; in addition, unsteady distribution of dissolved oxygen due to unsteady initial oxygen content and BOD load can be computed.
A model for explaining differences in incontinence care seeking (MEDICS) project.

The broad long-term objectives of this research project are to increase the percentage of women who seek care for urinary incontinence. The specific aims of this research project are: 1) Use Lauver's Theory of Care Seeking Behavior to identify predictors of incontinence care seeking for African American and Caucasian women. 2) Determine if previously studied predictors explain incontinence care seeking for AfricanAmerican and Caucasian women, after controlling for predictors in Lauver's Theory of Care Seeking Behavior. 3) Develop and compare theoretical models for explaining differences in incontinence care seeking for African American and Caucasian women. The heahh relatedness of the project is that our models for incontinence care seeking will guide behavioral interventions which may increase the percentage of women who seek care and reduce any health disparities between African American and Caucasian women.
AES Hardware-Software Co-design in WSN

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) present a challenging design space for encryption algorithms. We evaluate hardware, software, and hybrid implementations, including one of our own design, of Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) encryption engines in the context of WSN microcontrollers. We examine the tradeoffs between energy, throughput, memory footprint, and sensor network node lifetime. Our measured results and models show that our fully Quasi Delay-Insensitive, asynchronous AES design, combined with a low-power microcontroller, offers a 60× increase in throughput at 90× less energy per bit over the commercially available TI MSP430 AES WSN hardware. Our hardware AES offers a 30× throughput improvement over its software counterpart, albeit with reduced lifetime. By incorporating power gating and providing dedicated memory resources to the AES engine, hybrid implementations can provide a 6× better throughput and increase the lifetime by 10 % over software.
Microsporidia: Occurrence, Fate and Methodologies

Microsporidia Spores Water Sampling Detection Methods Keywords: microsporidia; methodology; protozoan parasites
Relatives-based Nonparametric Analysis of Linkage

Some linkage methods do not depend on prior specification of a model of inheritance for the trait of interest. Based on identity-by-descent allele sharing information on pairs or sets of related individuals, these methods can be used to assess linkage to both qualitative and quantitative traits. Keywords: identity-by-descent sharing; affected sib-pairs; affected relative pairs; model-free
A Facility for the Measurement of Heavy Truck Chassis and Suspension Kinematics and Compliances

This paper will present an overview of a new facility capable of measuring the kinematic and compliance (K&C) properties of heavy trucks. In this facility, the vehicle is positioned on the test rig and evaluated as a complete vehicle under normal loading conditions. The test rig can accommodate heavy trucks and tractors in two-axle or three-axle configurations. Kinematic and compliance characteristics of the front and rear suspensions and the steering system are evaluated as a function of vertical suspension deflection and roll, and as a function of longitudinal driving and braking forces and lateral cornering forces applied at the tire contact patch. A description of the test rig, including layout, instrumentation, actuators, and controls will be presented. The test methodology and a description of the test results will also be presented.
Group B Streptococcus CovR regulation modulates host immune signalling pathways to promote vaginal colonization

Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus, GBS) is a frequent commensal organism of the vaginal tract of healthy women. However, GBS can transition to a pathogen in susceptible hosts, but host and microbial factors that contribute to this conversion are not well understood. GBS CovR/S (CsrR/S) is a two component regulatory system that regulates key virulence elements including adherence and toxin production. We performed global transcription profiling of human vaginal epithelial cells exposed to WT, CovR deficient, and toxin deficient strains, and observed that insufficient regulation by CovR and subsequent increased toxin production results in a drastic increase in host inflammatory responses, particularly in cytokine signaling pathways promoted by IL-8 and CXCL2. Additionally, we observed that CovR regulation impacts epithelial cell attachment and intracellular invasion. In our mouse model of GBS vaginal colonization, we further demonstrated that CovR regulation promotes vaginal persistence, as infection with a CovR deficient strain resulted in a heightened host immune response as measured by cytokine production and neutrophil activation. Using CXCr2 KO mice, we determined that this immune alteration occurs, at least in part, via signaling through the CXCL2 receptor. Taken together, we conclude that CovR is an important regulator of GBS vaginal colonization and loss of this regulatory function may contribute to the inflammatory havoc seen during the course of infection.
Orbital and Surface Exploration Systems After Early Apollo

In this final chapter we shall examine manned and unmanned automated missions for compositional studies of the moon and planets to be performed either on the surface or remotely (from orbit). Many of the missions to be described are in the early planning stages, and some of these are yet only conceptual in character. In some instances they will be presented here only to show the developing emphasis and thought that is being given to such programs of exploration. We shall also present views about what we believe is a reasonable methodology for a continuing viable program.
International Collaboration in Geomorphology

(1987). International Collaboration in Geomorphology. Physical Geography: Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 189-190.
Reproducibility of creatine kinase reaction kinetics in human heart: a 31P time‐dependent saturation transfer spectroscopy study

Creatine kinase (CK) is essential for the buffering and rapid regeneration of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in heart tissue. Herein, we demonstrate a 31P MRS protocol to quantify CK reaction kinetics in human myocardium at 3 T. Furthermore, we sought to quantify the test–retest reliability of the measured metabolic parameters. The method localizes the 31P signal from the heart using modified one-dimensional image-selected in vivo spectroscopy (ISIS), and a time-dependent saturation transfer (TDST) approach was used to measure CK reaction parameters. Fifteen healthy volunteers (22 measurements in total) were tested. The CK reaction rate constant (kf) was 0.32 ± 0.05 s−1 and the coefficient of variation (CV) was 15.62%. The intrinsic T1 for phosphocreatine (PCr) was 7.36 ± 1.79 s with CV = 24.32%. These values are consistent with those reported previously. The PCr/ATP ratio was equal to 1.94 ± 0.15 with CV = 7.73%, which is within the range of healthy subjects. The reproducibility of the technique was tested in seven subjects and inferred parameters, such as kf and T1, exhibited good reliability [intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.90 and 0.79 for kf and T1, respectively). The reproducibility data provided in this study will enable the calculation of the power and sample sizes required for clinical and research studies. The technique will allow for the examination of cardiac energy metabolism in clinical and research studies, providing insight into the relationship between energy deficit and functional deficiency in the heart. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Successful replication of parvovirus B19 in the human megakaryocytic leukemia cell line MB-02.

The pathogenic human parvovirus B19 has been shown to undergo productive replication in the erythroid lineage in primary normal human hematopoietic progenitor cells. However, none of the established erythroleukemia cell lines has allowed B19 virus replication in vitro. The remarkable erythroid tissue tropism of B19 virus was evaluated with a human megakaryocytic leukemia cell line, MB-02, which is dependent on the growth factor granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor but can be induced to undergo erythroid differentiation following treatment with erythropoietin (Epo). Whereas these cells did not support B19 virus DNA replication in the presence of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor alone, active viral DNA replication was observed if the cells were exposed to Epo for 5 to 10 days prior to B19 virus infection, as detected by the presence of the characteristic B19 virus DNA replicative intermediates on Southern blots. No replication occurred if the cells were treated with Epo for 3 days or less. In addition, complete expression of the B19 virus genome also occurred in Epo-treated MB-02 cells, as detected by Northern blot analysis. B19 progeny virions were released into culture supernatants that were biologically active in secondary infection of normal human bone marrow cells. The availability of the only homogeneous permanent cell line in which induction of erythroid differentiation leads to a permissive state for B19 virus replication in vitro promises to yield new and useful information on the molecular basis of the erythroid tissue tropism as well as parvovirus B19-induced pathogenesis. Images
Radioimmunoassay of Digoxin: An Intercomparison of Results with Three Methods

The radioimmunoassay of digoxin has been examined by comparing RIA data obtained by a clinical laboratory using the method of Smith et al. [ New Engl. J. Med. 281, 1212 (1969)] with data obtained in a laboratory using commercially produced [3H]digoxin and [125I]digoxin kits. Correlations between clinical laboratory data and the results with each kit and correlation between kits are presented. The effects of digoxin-free sera and plasmas on standard curves have been examined.
Fatal graft-versus-host disease associated with transfusions of HLA- matched, HLA-homozygous platelets from unrelated donors

BACKGROUND: Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease (TA-GVHD) due to blood from HLA-homozygous related and unrelated blood donors has been described. CASE REPORT: Fatal TA-GVHD due to the transfusion of HLA-matched platelets from an unrelated HLA-homozygous donor is reported. A 61-year-old man with a history of diabetes mellitus and myelodysplastic syndrome was diagnosed with acute myelogenous leukemia in November 1991. Induction chemotherapy resulted in aplasia, which was followed by a normocellular marrow with mild dysplasia and continued karyotypic abnormalities. High-dose chemotherapy was given in a second attempt to achieve complete remission. HLA-matched platelets were ordered when platelet refractoriness developed. The patient was HLA- heterozygous for HLA-A and -B antigens (A2, 29; B37, 44). Over the next 7 days, four unirradiated HLA-matched plateletpheresis units were transfused; one was probably homozygous for both HLA-A and -B antigens (A2, -; B44, -) and was transfused first, and three were probably homozygous for an HLA-B antigen (A2, 29; B44, -) and were white cell reduced. No blood relatives served as donors. Seven days after the first HLA-matched platelet transfusion, fever, chills, and diarrhea developed; 2 days later, a rash was present. Liver enzymes increased markedly. Renal and respiratory failure ensured. A skin biopsy was consistent with GVHD. Despite immunosuppressive therapy, the patient died 19 days after the first HLA-matched platelet transfusion. CONCLUSION: TA-GVHD has been recognized in immunocompromised, HLA- heterozygous patients receiving blood from blood relatives who are HLA- homozygous. patients receiving blood from either blood relatives or non- blood relatives who are HLA-homozygous. This HLA-heterozygous patient received transfusions of unirradiated, class I HLA-homozygous platelets, which were specifically ordered as HLA-matched, and his death was attributed to TA-GVHD. Consideration should always be given to providing irradiated blood for immunosuppressed patients, especially when HLA-matched platelets are used, to prevent TA-GVHD.
Evidence for the Kondo effect and crossover in transport behavior for x~0.2 of Y 1-x U x Pd 3

We present measurements of the thermoelectric power S(T) from 2--300 K in the material ${\mathrm{Y}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{U}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Pd}}_{3}$, with x=0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4. The general behavior for x=0.05,0.1 is reminiscent of Kondo materials, characterized by a ``giant,'' positive contribution that is linear in T at low temperatures, and is independent of x. This suggests that the Kondo scale is also independent of x, in contrast to the results of other measurements. The high-temperature thermopower changes from positive to negative as x is varied from 0.1 to 0.3, suggestive of a crossover or transition in electronic structure near x=0.2. The spin-glass transition of the x=0.3,0.4 alloys is signaled by a zero crossing of S, similar to that observed for conventional spin glasses.
FRBRizing OCLC's WorldCat

SUMMARY The identification of works according to IFLA's report on Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records offers challenges when applied to very large collections of bibliographic records. The authors describe an algorithm that identifies sets of works and discuss the experience of applying the algorithm to OCLC's WorldCat. Analysis found four main types of works: augmented, revised, aggregate, and translated works. Each of these offers challenges for proper identification and collocation. Quite apart from algorithmic implementation, difficult conceptual problems were encountered in applying the FRBR model to aggregate works.
Immunological cross-reaction of bovine growth hormone (NIH-GH-B8) with the antiserum to the bovine diabetogenic protein

Abstract 1. 1. The immunological cross-reaction of bovine growth hormone (BGH, NIH-GH-D8) with the antiserum to the bovine diabetogenic protein (BDP) has been determined to be the result of contamination of the BGH preparation with a highly anionic protein. 2. 2. This highly anionic protein is probably BDP.
SPECTROSCOPIC STUDIES OF CUTANEOUS PHOTOSENSITIZING AGENTS–XVI. ISPERSE BLUE 35

The photochemistry (Type I and II) of the phototoxic textile dye Disperse Blue (DB-35) and its purified components has been studied using electron spin resonance in conjunction with spin trapping technique and the direct detection of singlet oxygen (1O2) luminescence. The main components of DB-35 (which is synthesized by the successive nitration, reduction and methylation of 1,8-dihydroxy-anthraquinone) were separated by HPLC and identified by mass spectrometry and 2-D NMR as 4,5-diamino-1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone (4,5-DDHAQ; 62% of total dye) and 2,7-diamino-1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone (2,7-DDHAQ; 31% of total dye). Minor components included 2,5-diamino-1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone (2,5-DDHAQ) and a monomethylated derivative of either 4,5-DDHAQ or 2,7-DDHAQ. Irradiation (624 nm) of 4,5-DDHAQ and 2,7-DDHAQ in dimethylsulfoxide resulted in the generation of superoxide which was trapped by 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO). Visible light irradiation of the components in ethanol generated 1O2 with the yields decreasing in the following order: 4,5-DDHAQ greater than 2,5-DDHAQ greater than 2,7-DDHAQ. These findings indicate that upon irradiation by visible light DB-35 can generate active oxygen species which may be responsible for the photocontact dermatitis caused by this dye.
Granulocytic sarcoma of the male breast in acute myeloblastic leukemia with concurrent deletion of 5q and trisomy 8

We describe a unique case of Granulocytic Sarcoma (GS) in a male, who presented to us with a painless right breast mass without any prior history of Leukemia. GS is an extramedullary tumor of myeloproliferative precursors and may involve multiple sites of the body, but involvement of male breast is extremely rare. In the absence of clinical history or hematological abnormality, GS may be misdiagnosed, depending on the degree of myeloid differentiation present within the tumor. Often it is misdiagnosed as lymphoma. Diagnosis is made by finding eosinophilic myelocytes, myeloperoxidase, chloroacetate esterase staining, and lysozyme immunostain. Chemotherapy regimens similar to acute myeloid leukemia are recommended to treat GS. Recognition of this rare entity is important because early, aggressive chemotherapy can induce regression of the tumor and improve patient longevity.
Raman study of icosahedral C60

We report a high-resolution resonance Raman study of C60 films. We identify several peaks whose frequencies are in good agreement with the predictions of a first-principles quantum molecular dynamics calculation for an isolated C60 molecule having icosahedral symmetry. On the other hand, the depolarization ratios for most Raman peaks, some fine- structure features observed with high resolution, and the resonance photon energies suggest solid-state effects or the existence of C60 isomers of lower symmetry
Plasma concentration of fentanyl, with 70% nitrous oxide, to prevent movement at skin incision.

Background The Cp50 (minimal steady state plasma concentration of an intravenous analgesic/anesthetic required to prevent a somatic response in 50% of patients following skin incision) and the Cp50-BAR (minimal plasma concentration of an analgesic/anesthetic required to prevent either a somatic, hemodynamic, or autonomic response in 50% of patients following skin incision) have been recently proposed as a measure, like minimum alveolar concentration (MAC; and MAC-BAR), to establish the relative potency of intravenous analgesics. This study was conducted to establish the Cp50 for fentanyl. Methods Unpremedicated patients were administered fentanyl (in the presence of 70% N2O) via computer-assisted continuous infusion, a pharmacokinetic model-driven infusion device. After induction of anesthesia with fentanyl, the randomized target fentanyl concentration was entered into computer-assisted continuous infusion. This target fentanyl concentration was maintained until skin incision. Before induction, prior to skin incision, and immediately after skin incision, arterial blood samples were obtained for measurement of fentanyl and norepinephrine concentrations. At skin incision, patients were observed for a somatic, hemodynamic, or autonomic response. Only patients in whom the pre- and postincision fentanyl concentrations were within +/- 30% were included in the calculation of the Cp50. The Cp50 was calculated using logistic regression. Results The Cp50 for fentanyl was 3.26 ng/ml, and the Cp50-BAR was 4.17 ng/ml. Conclusions Comparing these results with the previously published Cp50 of alfentanil, the potency of fentanyl relative to alfentanil is 1:58. Establishing the Cp50, once effect site equilibration has occurred, will allow pharmacodynamic comparisons between the opioids at equipotent concentrations.
Molecular aspects of vertebrate retinal development

The formation of retina from neural plate has been mapped extensively by anatomical and molecular methods. The major cascades of transcription factor expression have been identified, and deficits resulting from transcription factor knockouts are well characterized. There is extensive cross-regulation, both positive and negative, at the transcriptional level between transcription factors and this is vital in the formation of neural compartments. Many transcription factors are important at both early stages of optic cup formation and later stages of terminal differentiation of retinal cell types. The transcription factor cascades can be regulated by extrinsic factors, and some of the intracellular signaling pathways whereby this is achieved have been identified. Defining the quantitative interactions between regulatory molecules will be the next step in understanding this excellent model of vertebrate central nervous system (CNS) development.
Composition, improvisation, constitution: forms of life in the music of pierre boulez and ornette coleman

(1998). Composition, improvisation, constitution: forms of life in the music of pierre boulez and ornette coleman. Angelaki: Vol. 3, The love of music, pp. 75-102.
A scientific symphony

In his book Harmonious Triads, historian and cellist Myles Jackson describes a remarkable period in the Germanic states in the early nineteenth century. Music, science and technology combined to produce new instruments, new performance techniques and new ways of thinking. Not all the instruments stood the test of time, but the legacy of this burst of activity can be traced in the science and culture of late nineteenth-century Germany.
Synthesis of glycopeptides containing the amino acid sequence 17-23 of bovine pancreatic deoyxribonuclease

Abstract 2-Acetamino-3,4,6-tri- O -acetly-1- N -[ N -(benzyloxycarbonly- l -seryl)- l -aspart-1-oyl-( p -nitrobenzyl ester)-4-oyl]-2-deoxy-β- d -glucopyranosylamine,2-acetamido-3,4,6-tri, O -acetyl-1- N -[ N -(benzyloxycarbonyl- l -seryl)- l -aspart-1-oyl-( l -alanine methyl ester)-4-oyl]-2-deoxy-β- d -glucopyranosylamine, and 2-acetamido-3,4,6-tri- O -acetyl-1- N -[ N -benzyloxycarbonyl)- l -aspart-1-oyl-( l -alanyl- l -threonyl- l -leucyl- l -alanyl- l -serine p -nitrobenzyl ester)-4-oyl]-2-deoxy-β- d -glucopyranosylamine ( 7 ), which span the amino acid sequence 17-23 of bovine pancreatic deoxyribonuclease A and contain a 2-acetamido-2-deoxy- d -glucose residue, were synthesized. On treatment with lithium hydroxide, the blocked glycohexapeptide 7 gave 2-acetamido-1- N -[ N -(benzyloxycarbonyl)- l -aspart-1-oyl-( l -alanyl- l -threonyl- l -leucyl- l -alanyl- l -serine)-4-oyl]-2 deoxy-β- d -glucopyranosylamine.
Network coding for optical-layer multicast

The network coding paradigm has become an effective method for achieving efficient multicast in communication networks. The optical community has just started to venture into the application of network coding in optical networks. However, a number of challenges need to be overcome before network coding can be used in optical networks. These include limited buffering and processing capabilities as well as extremely coarse bandwidth granularity. In this paper, we address some of these problems. Finding multicast codes can be broken into two subproblems: finding a subgraph of the topology to code over and then finding an actual code for that subgraph. We show that the former problem is NP-Complete and provide heuristics which allow for coded multicast in optical wavelength division multiplexing networks which offer a modest improvement in bandwidth efficiency over traditional methods for finding routes for optical-layer multicast traffic.
Method of correlated basis functions for the ground state of a one-dimensional many-particle boson system

The method of correlated basis functions is used in the study of the ground-state properties of a one-dimensional system of bosons interacting through a repulsive $\ensuremath{\delta}$-function potential. Ground-state energies are determined numerically for intermediate values of the coupling constant in three steps: (1) a trial form of the radial distribution function generated by the Bijl-Dingle-Jastrow (BDJ) type of wave function is introduced to obtain approximate ground-state energies, (2) the paired-phonon analysis is applied to improve the BDJ description of the ground state, and (3) leading corrections to the improved approximate energies are evaluted from the second-order perturbation energy generated by the three-phonon vertex. The obtained energy values are found to agree closely with the exact results calculated by Lieb and Liniger.
Polarization of Protons from Deuteron Stripping Reactions

The proton polarization angular distributions from the following reactions have been measured: ${\mathrm{C}}^{12}(d,p){\mathrm{C}}^{13*}(3.09 \mathrm{MeV},{l}_{n}=0)$; ${\mathrm{Mg}}^{24}(d,p){\mathrm{Mg}}^{25}(\mathrm{g}.\mathrm{s}.,{l}_{n}=2,\mathrm{and} 0.58 \mathrm{MeV},{l}_{n}=0)$; ${\mathrm{Be}}^{9}(d,p){\mathrm{Be}}^{10}(\mathrm{g}.\mathrm{s}.,{l}_{n}=1,\mathrm{and} 3.37 \mathrm{MeV},{l}_{n}=1)$; ${\mathrm{Si}}^{28}(d,p){\mathrm{Si}}^{29*}(1.28 \mathrm{MeV},{l}_{n}=2)$. The incident deuteron energy was 15 MeV. Carbon and helium were used as polarization analyzers. The results are discussed in terms of distorted-wave theory. In addition to the polarization measurements, the differential cross section of deuterons elastically scattered from aluminum, silicon, and beryllium has been determined.
A flexible approach to effective technical writing

Abstract In producing clear, effective technical writing it is important to know your purpose and your audience. Particularly important is the use of active rather than passive verbs. Whatever the project, you should plan the information gathering in advance and then present it in a form for greatest impact.
Let Your Fingers Do the Talking: Conducting Class with “Chat”

Communication skills development is an essential aspect of any educational experience. This is especially true for programs preparing students to pursue careers in business. Current educational practices tend to emphasize public speaking and report writing skills. In today's business climate, however, the ability to interact electronically and communicate effectively is becoming increasingly important. Students should therefore be provided with opportunities to develop and enhance electronic communication skills. But will the message in the medium detract from the other pedagogical purposes of the communication? This study applies a quasi-experimental design, with synchronous “chat” as the experimental condition, to examine this question in the context of case study analyses and class discussions.
Deep barriers, shallow divergences: reduced phylogeographical structure in the collared pika (Mammalia: Lagomorpha: Ochotona collaris)

Aim Pikas (Ochotona spp.) are alpine specialists that show considerable morphological and genetic variation structured along latitudinal and elevational gradients. Recent studies of North American and Asian pikas have uncovered phylogeographical partitioning among separate mountain ranges and drainages, driven by Quaternary climate fluctuations. We tested the prediction that collared pikas (O. collaris) exhibit lower genetic diversity and less structure than other species of pika due to lower long-term habitat stability. Location Eastern Beringia (Alaska and north-western Canada). Methods We examined phylogeographical variation in the collared pika (O. collaris) throughout much of its known range using the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. Population divergence and genetic diversity were compared within and between mountain ranges. Genetic diversity was contrasted with current and Pleistocene habitat fragmentation inferred from ecological niche models. Results Low but significant differentiation was evident between most populations of O. collaris, with little haplotype sharing among populations and a single phylogeographical break separating a genetically distinct haplogroup in the south-eastern part of its range. Variation was mostly structured within populations (as opposed to between populations or mountain ranges). When within-species nucleotide diversity in O. collaris, O. princeps and O. curzoniae was compared, genetic diversity was found to decline with increasing latitude. Main conclusions Populations of O. collaris are less geographically structured and exhibit less variability than populations of either O. princeps or O. curzoniae. This pattern is better explained by the amount of available Pleistocene habitat predicted for each species than by current predicted habitat or population discontinuity. Collared pikas are currently considered to be a common species at low risk of extinction, but their habitat specificity, population subdivision, and low genetic variation may have consequences for their continued viability in a warming world.
State of Health Estimation of LiFePO4/Graphite Cells

LiFePO4 / graphite batteries degrade in electric vehicle applications. The end of battery life is usually considered at 80% of initial capacity. State of health (SoH) of the batteries must be estimated for efficient and safe battery usage in vehicles, but the SoH estimation is complex, involving operational and environmental conditions (e.g., state of charge, terminal voltage, current rate, internal resistance, ambient temperature, and thermal effect) as well as cell degradation mechanisms. This work studies the degradation mechanisms of LiFePO4 / graphite cells and attempts to estimate the SoH using partial charge capacity instead of internal resistance, coulomb counting method, and model-based approaches usually used in the literature [1-5].
Investigation of the neighboring residue effects on protein chemical shifts.

In this study, we report nearest neighbor residue effects statistically determined from a chemical shift database. For an amino acid sequence XYZ, we define two correction factors, Δ(XY)n,s and Δ(YZ)n,s, representing the effects on Y's chemical shifts from the preceding residue (X) and the following residue (Z), respectively, where X, Y, and Z are any of the 20 naturally occurring amino acids, n stands for 1HN, 15N, 1Hα, 13Cα, 13Cβ, and 13C‘ nuclei, and s represents the three secondary structural types β-strand, random coil, and α-helix. A total of ∼14400 Δ(XY)n,s and Δ(YZ)n,s, representing nearly all combinations of X, Y, Z, n, and s, have been quantitatively determined. Our approach overcomes the limits of earlier experimental methods using short model peptides, and the resulting correction factors have important applications such as chemical shift prediction for the folded proteins. More importantly, we have found, for the first time, a linear correlation between the Δ(XY)n,s (n = 15N) and the 13Cα che...
Did emerging continents trigger metazoan evolution

A DIVERSE fauna of trilobites, archaeocyathids, and other shelly invertebrates can be found in rocks of early Cambrian age, but in strata antedating the Cambrian such skeletonised remains are notably absent. This seemingly abrupt appearance of multi-cellular animals seemed illusory to Darwin1, whose vision of evolution assumed the gradual transmutation of species over innumerable generations. His view of life necessitated a long Precambrian record of evolving Metazoa and he, therefore, attributed the apparent absence of Proterozoic fossils to the imperfection of the fossil record and the vagaries of sedimentary geology. Discoveries of the past two decades have shown the first metazoans to be less ancient than Darwin believed. It now seems that the Metazoa evolved only in the latest Precambrian (perhaps 750–650 Myr ago), and that 100–150 Myr of evolution was sufficient to delineate the various phyla in evidence at the base of the Cambrian. The question of whether emerging continents controlled the late appearance of multicellular animals on Earth is discussed here.
Two Commentaries on Daniel M. Horowitz's “Process, Not Product: Less Than Meets the Eye”: In Defnse of Teaching Process in ESL Composition

did not expect the manner of presentation to alter students' learning styles. To discuss using CALL to help students develop effective learning strategies, we need first to define what effective learning strategies are and then to design lessons that teach those strategies to students who might benefit from their use. By observing students' work in carefully designed individual learning environments, we may be in a position to explore these issues, which are relevant to second language acquisition theory in general. B
A Unified Approach to Serial Search Spread-Spectrum Code Acquisition--Part I: General Theory

The purpose of this two-part paper is threefold: 1) Part I discusses the code-acquistion problem in some depth and 2) also provides a general extension to the approach of analyzing serial-search acquisition techniques via transform-domain flow graphs; 3) Part II illustrates the applicability of the proposed theoretical framework by evaluating a matchedfilter (fast-decision rate) noncoherent acquisition receiver as an example. The theory is formulated in a general manner which allows for significant freedom in the receiver modeling. The statistics of the acquisition time for the single-dwell [2], [3] and N -dwell [5] systems are shown to be special cases of this unified approach.
Class number bounds and Catalan's equation

We improve a criterion of Inkeri and show that if there is a solution to Catalan's equation (1) x p - y q = ±1, with p and q prime numbers greater than 3 and both congruent to 3 (mod 4), then p and q form a double Wieferich pair. Further, we refine a result of Schwarz to obtain similar criteria when only one of the exponents is congruent to 3 (mod 4). Indeed, in light of the results proved here it is reasonable to suppose that if q ≡ 3 (mod 4), then p and q form a double Wieferich pair.
A Multidomain Magnetic Passive Aerosol Sampler: Development and Experimental Evaluation

An innovative “quarter-sized” multidomain magnetic passive aerosol sampler (MPAS) has been developed, mainly for determining particle penetration through personal protective ensembles. The MPAS is a 28 mm disc with a height of 8.6 mm. It consists of 186 small magnets with about 140 on the collection area, arranged in an alternating N and S pole pattern. In contrast to conventional passive samplers, it uses magnetic force to collect a quantifiable amount of surrogate Fe3O4 particles within a substantially shortened sampling time. This article presents detailed design, principles of operation, performance evaluation, and the development of a deposition velocity model for the MPAS. Performance of the MPAS was evaluated under various test conditions, including different particle sizes ranging from 95 to 350 nm and wind speeds ranging from 0.48 to 1.17 m/s. A previously developed recirculation aerosol wind tunnel was employed to evaluate its performance. Experimental results show that the dimensionless deposit...
Products of the isoprostane pathway: unique bioactive compounds and markers of lipid peroxidation.

We previously reported the discovery of prostaglandin F2-like compounds (F2-isoprostanes) formed by nonenzymatic free-radical-induced peroxidation of arachidonic acid. Quantification of F2-isoprostanes has proven to be a major advance in assessing oxidative stress status in vivo. Central in the pathway of formation of isoprostanes are prostaglandin H2-like endoperoxides, which also undergo rearrangement in vivo to form E-ring, D-ring, and thromboxane-ring compounds. E2- and D2-isoprostanes also undergo dehydration in vivo to form reactive cyclopentenone A2- and J2-isoprostanes, which are susceptible to Michael addition reactions with thiols. Recently, we described the formation of highly reactive γ-ketoaldehydes (now termed isoketals) as products of isoprostane endoperoxide rearrangement which readily adduct to lysine residues on proteins and induce cross-links at rates that far exceed other aldehyde products of lipid peroxidation. Isoprostane-like compounds (neuroprostanes) and isoketal-like compounds (neuroketals) are formed from oxidation of docosahexaenoic acid, which is enriched in the brain, and measurement of neuroprostanes may provide a unique marker of oxidative neuronal injury.
Improvements in discrimination of bulk and trace elements in long-wavelength double pulse LIBS

Abstract In this work we study the effectiveness of long-wavelength heating in double pulse (DP) LIBS, quantitatively comparing figures of merit with those from traditional single pulse (SP) LIBS. The first laser pulse serves as the source of sample ablation, creating an aerosol-like plume that is subsequently reheated by the second laser pulse. At power densities used, the long-wavelength CO2 laser pulse does not ablate any of the solid sample in the atmospheric conditions investigated, meaning plasma emission and enhanced signal can be entirely attributed to the reheated plume rather than increased sample ablation. The signal discrimination was improved significantly using long-wavelength DP-LIBS. For bulk elemental analysis, DP-LIBS provided maximum enhancements of about 14 and 15 times for S/N and S/B, respectively, compared to SP-LIBS using the same quantity of ablated sample. For trace elemental analysis, maximum enhancements of about 7 and 4 times for S/N and S/B, respectively, were observed. These improvements are attributed to effective coupling between the second heating pulse and expanding plume and more efficient excitation of plume species than from the single pulse alone. Most significant improvements were observed in the case of low prepulse energy and minimal sample ablation. While bulk elemental analysis observed improvements for all prepulse energies studied, trace element discrimination only significantly improved for the lowest prepulse energy studied.
Middepth spreading in the subpolar North Atlantic Ocean: Reconciling CFC‐11 and float observations

[1] Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) enter the middepth layers of the North Atlantic Ocean from the atmosphere during the formation of dense mode water in the Labrador and Irminger Seas of the subpolar gyre. The CFC-bearing waters then spread from the convection regions through advection and diffusion of the water masses. Using recent estimates of the circulation at 1500 m depth from subsurface profiling floats the spreading of CFC-11 is simulated in the subpolar North Atlantic with an advective-diffusive model. Several numerical experiments are performed with different stream functions, lateral diffusivities and variations in the CFC-11 sources. The results are then compared to the observed CFC-11 field during 1996-1998. Poor fits are found for diffusivities less than about 500 m 2 s -1 . Better fits are found for diffusivities ranging from 500-12,000 m 2 s -1 , although unrealistically smooth model solutions are produced if the diffusivity exceeds about 3000 m 2 s -1 . Simulations that include both Labrador and Irminger Sea CFC-11 sources fit the data better than with Labrador sources alone. None of the model CFC solutions fit the data within the CFC uncertainty over the whole domain; the model performs well in the western part of the subpolar gyre, but CFC-11 concentrations are consistently too low in the West European Basin. It is possible that uncertainty in the float-based circulation can account for these misfits, and a more accurate circulation estimate might be able to fit the observed CFC- 11 field. Alternatively, time variations in the flow or deep water formation processes, which clearly exist in the real ocean, may need to be included.
Indirect auscultatory blood pressure measurement at two sites in the arm.

The purpose of this research was to describe and compare indirect auscultatory blood pressure measurement at the forearm site with values obtained at the traditional upper arm site. The forearm site has been suggested as an alternative site for more accurate measurement of blood pressure in obese patients. This study explores differences in data obtained at the two sites on 98 female subjects, aged 18 to 25 years, with nonobese arms and without history of cardiovascular-renal disease. Data were analyzed using a paired t test (p < .05). Results indicate that statistically significant differences exist between the sites based on the lower systolic values and higher diastolic values obtained at the forearm site. Additional study is recommended to further clarify differences and to include obese subjects.