cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Closed-form and dispersive model considerations for relative permittivity extraction at millimetre-wave frequencies

This study provides a simple broadband method for determining the dielectric properties of laminate substrate materials used in integration and packaging solutions for commercial millimetre-wave applications. Relative permittivity and loss tangent are extracted from coplanar lines using closed-form equations that account for as-fabricated transmission line dimensions. The method is applied to a low loss substrate alumina and further tested on glass impregnated epoxy resin materials with metals that have an appreciable metal surface roughness. The work expands existing material characterisation methods that are typically based on thin films. The dielectric substrates are thin, similar to integrated circuits, but the metal thicknesses remain on the order of packaging substrates. This study considers the critical parameters and manufacturing features for designs and millimetre-wave material measurements on these types of materials. The method has an accuracy of within 10% of known values, utilises off-the-shelf software solutions when available, and requires no fixturing beyond the sample material. Error analysis is provided with material information on Isola FR408 up to 110 GHz.
Voice of America: A History by Alan L. Heil Jr. New York: Columbia University Press 2003, 538 pp

(2007). Voice of America: A History by Alan L. Heil Jr. New York: Columbia University Press 2003, 538 pp. American Journalism: Vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 114-115.
Analysis of Organizational Behavior in the Alamo Navajo Community School

The community day school system is in place on many Native American reservations: by treaty with the United States government. The environment of the Alamo Navajo Community School (ANCS) is within the structure of the day school system in New Mexico. The environment of most day school locations is isolated by design. Although the original plan, by the leaders of the U.S. Government, was to separate the Native Americans from the rest of the population; this arrangement does not continue due to the rest of the population moving closer to the land accorded to the Native Americans. This semi-isolation still is a major factor for the individuals that work at the facility as the team structure is affected by the remoteness.
Swarms and Trolls - Recent Trends in Copyright Protection of Commercial Pornography in the United States

This paper is designed to discuss and illustrate several recent trends in copyright protection of commercial pornography, and in particular (a) the demise of the ‘obscenity defense’ by which defendants claimed that copyright laws were not intended to protect pornographic materials and thus should not be extended such protection by the courts, and (b) the ever-changing and often miscreant frontier of swarm litigations, claims regarding the unauthorized downloading of commercial pornography from file-sharing protocols (such as BitTorrent), and including the nascent and perhaps stillborn effort to claim protection of pornographic materials under trademark rather than copyright law.
Cellular Defects in Urinary Acidification and Renal Tubular Acidosis

Urinary acidification and renal bicarbonate reabsorption may be altered as a consequence of extrarenal factors or impaired by disease affecting the epithelial cells of the renal tubules and collecting ducts. This chapter is concerned with renal acidifying defects and has as its main focus the disorders of cellular function and membrane transport.
Neonatal-perinatal medicine fellow procedural experience and competency determination: results of a national survey.

Neonatal–perinatal medicine fellow procedural experience and competency determination: results of a national survey
Empire Maker: Aleksandr Baranov and Russian Colonial Expansion into Alaska and Northern California . By Kenneth N. Owens with Alexander Yu. Petrov.

Empire Maker: Aleksandr Baranov and Russian Colonial Expansion into Alaska and Northern California . By Kenneth N. Owens with Alexander Yu. Petrov. (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2015. xiii + 341 pp. Illustrations, maps, notes, bibliography, index. $50.00.) It is nearly axiomatic in Anglo-American works on exploration that Russians, despite their role in charting and colonizing sizable portions of the planet, receive short shrift. Przhevalsky and Yermak remain footnotes in comparison to counterparts like Lewis and Clark or Cortes. The reasons for this imbalance form a subject beyond the scope of this review, except to say that any research that helps to reverse it should be welcomed. In furnishing us with a new biography of Aleksandr Baranov, an instrumental figure in Russia’s short-lived colonization of North America, Kenneth N. Owens and his collaborator, Alexander Yu. Petrov, serve this cause admirably. … j.mccannon{at}snhu.edu
Utilization of certain rare sugars by microorganisms.

SummaryThirteen rare sugars, including turanose, tagatose, neolactose, primeverose, vicianose, /?,/?-trehalose, three methylated glucoses, and the Schardinger dextrins were tested for their utiliza...
The aesthetics of loss: German women’s art of the First World War

Claudia Siebrecht’s book is part of the new body of First World War scholarship that focuses on women’s centrality in the processes of making sense of the war and the state’s claims about it. These...
On the development of Western Regions from the Perspective of Development Economics: Theory、reality and mode

A new round of the development in western regions of China is one of the upgraded and promoting type.It is the actual demand of both development and theoretical innovation and exploration whether it is possible to find effective explanation for the performance in practice and theoretical fetters in the new chances of development.From the perspective of development economics,and setting out from the practice of the development of western regions,we discuss the development logics of the theory and practice of regional development,and explore the constraint conditions and endogenous power.With the above as the basis,we argue the effective mode for the new round of the development of western regions.The results suggest that the deepening of the development of western regions is able to provide a blue print for development economics and mode construction and innovation aiming to seek theoretical support and practice guidance for the development of the promoting type.
Recombination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis pyrazinamidase-GST fusion protein and its expressions in E.coil

Objective To construct glutathione S-transferase(GST)-tag prokaryotic expression plasmid of the pncA gene of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and to express the fusion proteins efficiently in Escherichia coli BL21. Methods The pncA gene was amplified by PCR with specific primers from genomic DNA of M.tuberculosis H37Rv strain, and was cloned into pGEX4T-1 expression vector. E.coli DH10b strain was transformed with the recombinant vector that conformed by sequencing and induced to express recombinant proteins. The relative moleculer size of the proteins was analyzed by SDS-PAGE and immunoblot. Results The length of PCR products pncA was 561 bp and identica1 with what the GenBank reported. The recombinant expressive vector pGEX4T-1-pncA was constructed. The E.coli BL21 strains with recombinant vector showed high level of pyrazinamidase fusion protein expressions after IPTG induction. Conclusions The pncA gene prokaryotic expression plasmid was constructed, and pyrazinamidase fusion protein was efficiently expressed after induction. The expression of recombinant pyrazinamidase protein lays a basis for further study pyrazinamide-resistance of M.tuberculosis.
Investigation of food-borne pathogens in the retail meat products in Hohhot

In order to provide guidance of scientific data for health supervision of meat products, An investigation of meat products contamination by E.coilO157:H7, Salmonella, L.monocytogenes, S.aureus in Hohhot was completed. Positive strains were identified by using BIOLOG automated microbial identification system and 232 meat samples were screening separation, serological, and biochemical identification of food borne pathogens. Test results show that the main pollution pathogens of meat products in the city are Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus.
Epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease in Huaibei city,2009-2011

Objective HFMD disease epidemic situation analysis of 2009-2011 in Huaibei city in Anhui province to explore appropriate and standard responses,effective prevention and control work.Methods using epidemiological methods described in Huaibei city analysed with HFMD disease outbreak that occurred in 2009-2011.Results 2009-2011,become more stable incidence of hand-foot-mouth disease in Huaibei city,annual average incidence rate maintained at 143.63/100.000;high performance in some areas.High seasonal clear that appear on performance for the April-July peak;age at onset of cases concentrated in the age of 5,morbidity accounted for the total number of cases(96.98%),which groups up to the age of 1 percent of the total number of cases(52.6%),and prone to severe cases.All severe cases have occurred in may-July.Conclusion There is seasonal varition of hand-foot and mouth disease in Huaibei.Morbidity is mainly the children under age of five.
The role of in vitro fertilization in infertile patients with endometriosis

Thirty-nine cycles were studied in patients with a history of endometriosis who went through in vitro fertilization. In 15 cycles, there was no evidence of endometriosis; in 10 cycles, the patients had mild or moderate disease; in 14 cycles, severe or extensive endometriosis was found. The pregnancy rates per cycle were 33%, 60%, and 7%, respectively (groups I and II, no significant difference; groups II and III, P
Modeling topological-insulator field-effect transistors using the Boltzmann equation

We model a field-effect transistor making use of the spin-polarized edge states of two-dimensional topological insulators. To account for scattering while respecting Pauli's exclusion principle and the ballistic limit, we employ the Boltzmann equation. We account for phonon-assisted scattering processes and show that the current can be modulated over several orders of magnitude as a function of gate bias.
Evidence of Quality: Toward Resolving the Paradox of Evidence in the American Accreditation Process

An evidence-based decision-making paradigm can be seen in the contemporary American accreditation processes. Individual institutions compile the evidence of quality assessed by the peer reviewers. These reviewers apply a broad and diverse body of knowledge to both assure that quality has been achieved and to provide suggestions for quality improvement. Within the current process, however, there appears to be a paradox of evidence. Where multiple and varied sources of evidence do exist, critics consistently call for better evidence of quality. Rather than a bottom-up, measurement-specific approach to addressing the issue of quality evidence in accreditation, further application of the principles of evidence-based management may instead not only increase understanding of the evidence that already exists among stakeholders but also may help to uncover those areas where new and improved sources of quality evidence are needed.
Composition-directed FeXMo2−XP bimetallic catalysts for hydrodeoxygenation reactions

The development of task-specific bimetallic phosphide catalysts can be accomplished by exploiting the electronic and bi-functional effects of multiple metal combinations, thus providing materials with tunable catalytic properties. Here, we present the modulation of metal compositions (i.e., Fe and Mo) in the synthesis of FeXMo2−XP (0.88 ≤ X ≤ 1.55), leading to a series of iso-structural, orthorhombic FeXMo2−XP catalysts via reduction at 750 °C. Hydrodeoxygenation of phenol was selected as a probe reaction to showcase the effect of metal composition on the catalytic performance. In particular, catalysts with Fe compositions between 0.99 and 1.14 (i.e., Fe0.99Mo1.01P and Fe1.14Mo0.86P) exhibited high selectivities to C–O bond cleavage of phenol with H2 to form benzene. The catalysts with the highest selectivities to C–O scission also exhibited the highest acidity as determined from NH3 temperature programmed desorption experiments. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate the high Lewis acidity for the ∼1 : 1 Fe : Mo compositions resulted from a greater charge separation between metallic species and P species. These compositions led to greater selectivities to benzene due to desired coordination environment of the phenol on catalytic surface, as evidenced by both DFT calculations and a time on stream study using a benzonitrile poison. Enhanced TOFs were also observed with catalysts exhibiting greater Lewis acid character, which reduce the activation energy required to cleave the C–O bond of phenol, as evidenced by DFT calculations. This structure–property study highlights the effects of metal composition in bimetallic phosphides to enhance the activity and selectivity for C–O bond cleavage reactions.
Transactive energy demo with RIAPS platform

This work presents a platform for decentralized distributed computing called Resilient Information Architecture for the Smart Grid (RIAPS) through a transactional energy and a traffic application.
A Robust Model-Free Feature Screening Method for Ultrahigh-Dimensional Data

ABSTRACTFeature screening plays an important role in dimension reduction for ultrahigh-dimensional data. In this article, we introduce a new feature screening method and establish its sure independence screening property under the ultrahigh-dimensional setting. The proposed method works based on the nonparanormal transformation and Henze–Zirkler’s test, that is, it first transforms the response variable and features to Gaussian random variables using the nonparanormal transformation and then tests the dependence between the response variable and features using the Henze–Zirkler’s test. The proposed method enjoys at least two merits. First, it is model-free, which avoids the specification of a particular model structure. Second, it is condition-free, which does not require any extra conditions except for some regularity conditions for high-dimensional feature screening. The numerical results indicate that, compared to the existing methods, the proposed method is more robust to the data generated from heavy...
Bayesian Inference for Some Mixture Problems in Quality and Reliability

This is an expository paper dealing with Bayesian inference for three important mixture problems in quality and reliability. The traditional approach for estimation in these situations is the method of maximum likelihood. The corresponding inference based on large-sample theory can, however, be misleading in situations where the large-sample normal approximation is not adequate. The Bayesian approach, on the other hand, has been viewed as computationally intractable due to the complex nature of mixture models. Recent advances in Bayesian computational methods have alleviated this problem considerably. We illustrate the use of data augmentation methods for doing Bayesian inference in these applications. While the framework is formally Bayesian in nature, it can also be viewed as a computational device for calculating the likelihood function and doing likelihood-based inference. An additional advantage of data augmentation methods is that no further complications arise when failure time data are grouped or ...
Fabrication and measurements of a low-cost, dual-polarized advanced planar array with wide scanning coverage

Specialized narrowband planar arrays are attractive for radar, narrowband communication and SATCOM due to the ease of integration of the radiators with electronics. However, the cost of phased array technology remains prohibitive for direct insertion in some applications when compared to traditional mechanically steered arrays. To address this issue, this paper describes the manufacturing and measurements of a low-cost, planar, and monolithic printed circuit board array operating in the S-Band (2.7–2.9GHz) with an active VSWR < 2.2 up to scanning angles up of +/-50° from broadside. Scan loss is also kept very low (n < 1.2). An 8×8 planar array was fabricated and its impedance and array patterns were measured.
Evaluating the effect of online principles courses on long-term outcomes

Abstract This paper analyzes the long-term effects of the format by which students take microeconomic principles. We analyze whether an online format affects student performance in subsequent economics courses, willingness to take more economics courses, and the likelihood of majoring in economics. Our findings show that students taking microeconomic principles online performed worse on average in a subsequent macroeconomic principles course, but had no impact on the number of subsequent economics courses taken nor on the likelihood of majoring in economics. These results provide guidance to institutions considering expanding online course offerings by analyzing potential benefits and costs over time.
Modest enhancement of sensory axon regeneration in the sciatic nerve with conditional co-deletion of PTEN and SOCS3 in the dorsal root ganglia of adult mice

Axons within the peripheral nervous system are capable of regeneration, but full functional recovery is rare. Recent work has shown that conditional deletion of two key signaling inhibitors of the PI3K and Jak/Stat pathways-phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS3), respectively-promotes regeneration of normally non-regenerative central nervous system axons. Moreover, in studies of optic nerve regeneration, co-deletion of both PTEN and SOCS3 has an even greater effect. Here, we test the hypotheses (1) that PTEN deletion enhances axon regeneration following sciatic nerve crush and (2) that PTEN/SOCS3 co-deletion further promotes regeneration. PTENfl/fl and PTEN/SOCS3fl/fl mice received direct injections of AAV-Cre into the fourth and fifth lumbar dorsal root ganglia (DRG) two weeks prior to sciatic nerve crush. Western blot analysis of whole cell lysates from DRG using phospho-specific antibodies revealed that PTEN deletion did not enhance or prolong PI3K signaling following sciatic nerve crush. However, PTEN/SOCS3 co-deletion activated PI3K for at least 7 days post-injury in contrast to controls, where activation peaked at 3 days. Quantification of SCG10-expressing regenerating sensory axons in the sciatic nerve after crush injury revealed longer distance regeneration at 3 days post-injury with both PTEN and PTEN/SOCS3 co-deletion. Additionally, analysis of noxious thermosensation and mechanosensation with PTEN/SOCS3 co-deletion revealed enhanced sensation at 14 and 21 days after crush, respectively, after which all treatment groups reached the same functional plateau. These findings indicate that co-deletion of PTEN and SOCS3 results in modest but measureable enhancement of early regeneration of DRG axons following crush injury.
Role of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase and Cyclooxygenase-2 in the Mechanisms of Ischemic Brain Injury

There is a growing body of evidence indicating that cerebral ischemic damage is associated with a local inflammatory reaction, which contributes to the development of ischemic brain injury. We review evidence that inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) are involved in the mechanisms by which ischemia-induced inflammation contributes to tissue damage. In rodents, as in humans, iNOS is expressed in inflammatory cells infiltrating the ischemic brain and in cerebral blood vessels. Administration of iNOS inhibitors 24h after ischemia reduces the size of the infarct produced by occlusion of the rat middle cerebral artery (MCA). Furthermore, “knockout” mice lacking the iNOS gene have smaller infarcts than wild-type mice. COX-2 is expressed in the postischemic brain with a time course similar to that of iNOS; and it is present in ischemic neurons, inflammatory cells, and blood vessels. Administration of the selective COX-2 inhibitor NS-398 reduces infarct size. Furthermore, NO produced by iNOS activates COX-2, thereby increasing the production of toxic prostanoids and free radicals. The evidence suggests that NO synthesized by iNOS, in part through reaction products of COX-2, contributes to the expansion of the infarct that occurs during the late postischemic period. Thus, the interaction between iNOS and COX-2 plays an important role in the late stages of cerebral ischemic damage. Delayed administration of iNOS and COX-2 inhibitors may be a useful therapeutic strategy to target selectively the progression of ischemic brain injury.
Medicine goes to the mall: enhancement technologies and quality of life.

The proliferation of enhancement technologies and pharmacological agents has perpetuated the view of American doctors and patients of medical care as a market commodity driven by what consumers want and are willing to pay for. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
Fine particle aerosols in experimental Legionnaires' disease: their role in infection and treatment.

In Legionnaires’ disease (LD) lung infection is initiated in the respiratory bronchioles and alveoli (WINN et al. 1978), intracellular growth of L. pneumophila (the predominant Legionella species) being supported by alveolar macrophages (JEPRAS, FITZGEORGE and BASKERVILLE, 1985). To reach this site infective particles must be of a respirable size, ≦5μm in diameter.
Methodology and Myth

Risk assessment is now new. Reliability and quality control techniques, the science of gambling, and economic risk analysis have been with us for decades. In general, all of these approaches have dealt with common events for which historical data may be reasonably required and the consequences can be objectively measured. Value judgments about gambles are left for managers or gamblers themselves.
Microbiology of polymicrobial prosthetic joint infection

Abstract Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a rare but challenging complication of arthroplasty. Herein, we describe the epidemiology and microbiology of PJI, with a focus on analyzing differences between the microbiology of polymicrobial versus monomicrobial infection of hip, knee, and shoulder prostheses. In addition, we report the most frequent co-pathogens in polymicrobial infections, as detected by culture. A total of 373 patients diagnosed with PJI at Mayo Clinic were studied. For hip and knee arthroplasties, a higher proportion of fractures (P = 0.02) and a shorter time between the implantation and symptom onset (P
Über das Reichhaltigkeitsaxiom für partielle affine Räume

S.Meuren and A.Herzer have introduced in [1] an axiom (R). We show that the conjunction of the axioms (R1) and (R2) is weaker than (R), i. e., if we replace (R) by (R1) and (R2) in their axiom system, we get an axiom system for a larger class of partial affine spaces.
Women and Genocide: Gendered Experiences of Violence, Survival, and Resistance: By JoAnn DiGeorgio and Donna Gosbee (Eds.), Toronto, Canada: Women’s Press, 2016

Women and Genocide: Gendered Experiences of Violence, Survival, and Resistance (https://womenspress.canadianscholars.ca/books/women-and-genocide) is an important area of research that is focused on...
Larynx height during English stop consonants

Abstract Many studies argue that larynx lowering would effectively maintain the transglottal airflow necessary for voicing to continue during stop closure. The empirical support for this hypothesis is primarily the tendency of the larynx to be lower for voiced than for voiceless stops. Earlier discussion, however, frequently do not state that a larynx height difference affects glottal airflow only if it implies an increase in supraglottal volume during closure. To investigate larynx movement during closure and how it relates to oral pressure build-up, larynx height and intraoral air pressure were monitored while two subjects produced intervocalic bilabial stops. The results are damaging to the hypothesis that speakers regularly lower the larynx during voiced stops only to reduce the pressure-equalizing effect of oral closure. Although differences in larynx height between voiced and voiceless stops were observed, there were no consistent differences in the magnitude or frequency of larynx lowering during closure between the stop categories. Further, the larynx lowered during nasal stops, although nasal airflow presumably maintains transglottal airflow without cavity-enlarging maneuvers. Finally, there was no unique relationship between paired larynx height/pressure values for the voiced stop as might be predicted.
Major CO2 blowouts from offshore wells are strongly attenuated in water deeper than 50 m

Author(s): Oldenburg, CM; Pan, L | Abstract: Growing interest in offshore geologic carbon sequestration (GCS) motivates evaluation of the consequences of subsea CO2 well blowouts. We have simulated a hypothetical major CO2 well blowout in shallow water of the Texas Gulf Coast. We use a coupled reservoir-well model (T2Well) to simulate the subsea blowout flow rate for input to an integral model (TAMOC) for modeling CO2 transport in the water column. Bubble sizes are estimated for the blowout scenario for input to TAMOC. Results suggest that a major CO2 blowout in ≥50nm of water will be almost entirely attenuated by the water column due to CO2 dissolution into seawater during upward rise. In contrast, the same blowout in 10nm of water will hardly be attenuated at all. Results also show that the size of the orifice of the leak strongly controls the CO2 blowout rate. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley a Sons, Ltd.
Cardiac Toxicities after HLA-Matched Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation (Allo-HCT): Post-Transplant Cyclophosphamide (PTCy) Is Not Associated with Higher Incidence of Cardiotoxicity

Introduction PTCy-based GVHD prophylaxis has emerged as an effective method in Allo-HCT. Cyclophosphamide has historically been associated with increased rates of cardiac toxicities. This potential complication plays a role in the choice of optimal GVHD prophylaxis. The cardiac toxicity profile of PTCy compared with non-PTCy GVHD prophylaxis in HLA-matched Allo-HCT setting is unclear. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis to evaluate cardiac toxicities after HLA-matched Allo-HCT between October 1, 2016 and April 1, 2019. Cardiac toxicity was defined as any documented arrhythmia, heart failure, cardiac event (cardiac arrest or myocardial infarction), pericarditis, or pericardial effusion that occurred between Day 0 and 100. Results A total of 585 consecutive adult patients met eligibility (Table 1). 38 unique patients developed a total of 52 cardiac toxicities. The median time to cardiac toxicity was 20 days in the PTCy and 15 days in the non-PTCy groups. Toxicities (Table 2) included arrhythmias (40%), heart failure (27%), pericardial effusions (19%), and cardiac events (13%). This distribution and severity of toxicity was comparable between groups. Similarly the cumulative incidence of cardiac toxicity was comparable between the PTCy and non-PTCy groups (7 vs. 6%, p=0.4). Predictors of cardiac toxicity are shown in table 1. In univariate analysis, the cardiac comorbidity composite (defined as the presence of arrhythmia, cardiac, or heart valve comorbidities obtained via HCT-CI score) was found to be the most significant predictor for the development of cardiac toxicity (p In multivariate analysis, the cardiac comorbidity composite maintained significance and this effect was augmented by the presence of diabetes and infection. Patients with the cardiac comorbidity composite who also had diabetes or infection had the highest incidence (37%, p Conclusion Our results demonstrate a low incidence of cardiac toxicity. Baseline cardiac comorbidities are associated with higher incidence of developing cardiac toxicities after Allo-HCT. PTCy-based GVHD prophylaxis does not appear to impact the development of cardiac toxicities after HLA-matched Allo-HCT and may be associated with survival benefit in patients who do experience toxicity.
Incidence and Long-Term Outcomes of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy

Abstract Background Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are associated with increased risks for cardiovascular disease later in life. The HDP incidence is commonly assessed using diagnostic codes, which are not reliable; and typically are expressed per-pregnancy, which may underestimate the number of women with an HDP history after their reproductive years. Objectives This study sought to determine the incidence of HDP expressed as both per-pregnancy and per-woman, and to establish their associations with future chronic conditions and multimorbidity, a measure of accelerated aging, in a population-based cohort study. Methods Using the Rochester Epidemiology Project medical record-linkage system, the authors identified residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota, who delivered between 1976 and 1982. The authors classified pregnancies into normotensive, gestational hypertension, pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, pre-eclampsia superimposed on chronic hypertension, and chronic hypertension using a validated electronic algorithm, and calculated the incidence of HDP both per-pregnancy and per-woman. The risk of chronic conditions between women with versus those without a history of HDP (age and parity 1:2 matched) was quantified using the hazard ratio and corresponding 95% confidence interval estimated from a Cox model. Results Among 9,862 pregnancies, we identified 719 (7.3%) with HDP and 324 (3.3%) with pre-eclampsia. The incidence of HDP and pre-eclampsia doubled when assessed on a per-woman basis: 15.3% (281 of 1,839) and 7.5% (138 of 1,839), respectively. Women with a history of HDP were at increased risk for subsequent diagnoses of stroke (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.27; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.37 to 3.76), coronary artery disease (HR: 1.89; 95% CI: 1.26 to 2.82), cardiac arrhythmias (HR: 1.62; 95% CI: 1.28 to 2.05), chronic kidney disease (HR: 2.41; 95% CI: 1.54 to 3.78), and multimorbidity (HR: 1.25; 95% CI: 1.15 to 1.35). Conclusions The HDP population-based incidence expressed per-pregnancy underestimates the number of women affected by this condition during their reproductive years. A history of HDP confers significant increase in risks for future chronic conditions and multimorbidity.
Northern Victoria Land

Northern Victoria Land in Fig. 4.1 extends from the David Glacier northward to the Pennell and Oates coasts. The width of the Transantarctic Mountains of this area increases to more than 400 km measured at the latitude of Cape Adare. The area is traversed by the Lillie, Rennick, and Matusevich glaciers all of which flow northwest and discharge ice into the South Pacific Ocean. Also, the Tucker, Borchgrevink, Mariner, Aviator, Campbell, and Priestley glaciers (not all of which are identified in Fig. 4.1) flow southeast into the Ross Sea.
Measuring components of the memory of order

Abstract An experienced event has many distinctively different qualitative attributes. Besides the informational content, such as which word was presented on an experimental list at a specific temporal instant, there is also information about the ordinal properties of the event relative to other events. A multinomial processing tree (MPT) model is provided for measuring four different states for the memory of the order of any arbitrary set of three events. This model, which is called the Event Order (EO) model, is linked to a specific experimental protocol for testing ordinal memory. Importantly the EO model requires neither the stipulation of a specific format for the memory encoding nor the specification of a model of order learning. The EO model is proved to be identifiable. Also the statistical estimation of the parameters of the EO model is developed using either the population parameter mapping (PPM) procedure or the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) method, and these procedures are compared by means of Monte Carlo studies. Furthermore three experiments are described that employ the experimental protocols that enable the estimates of the parameters of the EO model. The experimental evidence shows that item knowledge is quickly acquired; whereas the corresponding acquisition of ordinal information requires many more training trials. The EO model thus provides a new way to measure ordinal information.
Incremental Economic Burden of Depression in Ophthalmic Patients.

PURPOSE We sought to analyze the incremental economic burden of depression on adults with concurrent ophthalmic conditions in the United States. DESIGN Retrospective cross-sectional study. METHODS Using the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey from 2016 to 2018, ophthalmic patients with ≥1 outpatient visit were identified by International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision, Clinical Modification codes and stratified based on the presence of concurrent depression. A multivariate 2-part regression model was used to determine incremental economic burden, health care sector utilization, and expenditures. RESULTS Of 7279 ophthalmic patients, 1123 (15.43%) were diagnosed with depression (mean expenditures $17,017.25 ± $2019.13) and 6156 patients (84.57%) without depression (mean expenditures $9924.50 ± $692.94). Patients with depression were more likely to be female, white, lower income, use Medicare/Medicaid, and to have comorbidities (P < .001). These patients faced $5894.86 (95% confidence interval $4222.33-$7348.36, P < .001) in incremental economic expenditures because of depression, resulting in an additional $22.4 billion annually when extrapolating nationally. These patients had higher utilization for all health care service sectors (P < .025 for all) and higher expenditures for outpatient (P = .022) and prescription medications (P = .029) when adjusted for sociodemographic variables and comorbidities. Depression was responsible for 6.9% of inpatient admissions (the second-leading cause) for this cohort of patients. CONCLUSION Ophthalmic patients with depression had a higher incremental economic burden and health care service sector utilization and expenditures. Patients with ophthalmic pathologies, including dry eye syndrome, blindness, and retinopathies, were more likely to be depressed. As psychiatric and ophthalmic conditions may have a bidirectional relationship, exacerbating disease severity and financial burden for patients with both, ophthalmologists may need to be more cognizant of the burden of depression among patients.
Evaluating nitrate and phosphorus remediation in intensively irrigated stream-aquifer systems using a coupled flow and reactive transport model

Abstract In irrigated semi-arid watersheds, over-fertilization often leads to nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) contamination in aquifers and river systems. Modelling tools often are used to evaluate the effect of management practices on nutrient contamination levels. In this study, we assess a suite of best management practices (BMPs) for N and P in a regional irrigated stream-aquifer system using a new numerical model. As it is necessary to consider the interaction of flow in the stream and aquifer, SWAT-MODFLOW model that couples surface and groundwater flow was used. The reactive processes were modelled using RT3D that simulate the reactive groundwater transport. The model is based on the coupled flow model SWAT-MODFLOW, with the groundwater reactive transport model RT3D included to simulate the reactive groundwater transport of NO3 and soluble P and their interactions within the soil-aquifer-stream system. The assessment is performed for a highly managed 732 km2 region in the Lower Arkansas River Valley (south-eastern Colorado), with model results compared to observed groundwater nutrient concentration, in-stream nutrient concentration and loading, and crop yield. A total of 28 BMPs scenarios are evaluated regarding their impact on NO3 and soluble P contamination in the aquifer and river system. The most effective individual BMP in most areas is to decrease fertilizer by 30%, resulting in NO3 and soluble P reduced by 20% and 2% for groundwater concentrations, 25% and 10% for river concentrations, and 27% and 6% for mass loadings into surface water, respectively. Combinations of using 30% irrigation reduction, 30% fertilization reduction, 60% canal seepage reduction, and conservation tillage yield the greatest overall impact to lower NO3 and soluble P concentrations up to 41% and 8% in groundwater, 52% and 40% in river, and 63% and 49% for mass loadings. Targeting BMPs on localized problem areas shows great promise in reducing contamination while maintaining region-wide crop yield. The study demonstrates the SWAT-MODFLOW-RT3D modelling code is a useful tool to examine NO3 and P transport and quantify BMP effects in groundwater-driven watersheds.
New insights into renal lipid dysmetabolism in diabetic kidney disease

Lipid dysmetabolism is one of the main features of diabetes mellitus and manifests by dyslipidemia as well as the ectopic accumulation of lipids in various tissues and organs, including the kidney. Research suggests that impaired cholesterol metabolism, increased lipid uptake or synthesis, increased fatty acid oxidation, lipid droplet accumulation and an imbalance in biologically active sphingolipids (such as ceramide, ceramide-1-phosphate and sphingosine-1-phosphate) contribute to the development of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Currently, the literature suggests that both quality and quantity of lipids are associated with DKD and contribute to increased reactive oxygen species production, oxidative stress, inflammation, or cell death. Therefore, control of renal lipid dysmetabolism is a very important therapeutic goal, which needs to be archived. This article will review some of the recent advances leading to a better understanding of the mechanisms of dyslipidemia and the role of particular lipids and sphingolipids in DKD.
A pathogenic role for histone H3 copper reductase activity in a yeast model of Friedreich's Ataxia

Abstract Disruptions to iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters, essential cofactors for a broad range of proteins, cause widespread cellular defects resulting in human disease. An underappreciated source of damage to Fe-S clusters are cuprous (Cu1+) ions. Since histone H3 enzymatically produces Cu1+ to support copper-dependent functions, we asked whether this activity could become detrimental to Fe-S clusters. Here, we report that histone H3-mediated Cu1+ toxicity is a major determinant of cellular Fe-S cluster quotient. Inadequate Fe-S cluster supply, either due to diminished assembly as occurs in Friedreich’s Ataxia or defective distribution, causes severe metabolic and growth defects in S. cerevisiae. Decreasing Cu1+ abundance, through attenuation of histone cupric reductase activity or depletion of total cellular copper, restored Fe-S cluster-dependent metabolism and growth. Our findings reveal a novel interplay between chromatin and mitochondria in Fe-S cluster homeostasis, and a potential pathogenic role for histone enzyme activity and Cu1+ in diseases with Fe-S cluster dysfunction. Teaser Reduction of Cu1+ production by histone H3 restores cellular deficiencies caused by insufficient supply of iron-sulfur clusters.
Advances in Genetic and Molecular Understanding of Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has become a common disease of the elderly for which no cure currently exists. After over 30 years of intensive research, we have gained extensive knowledge of the genetic and molecular factors involved and their interplay in disease. These findings suggest that different subgroups of AD may exist. Not only are we starting to treat autosomal dominant cases differently from sporadic cases, but we could be observing different underlying pathological mechanisms related to the amyloid cascade hypothesis, immune dysfunction, and a tau-dependent pathology. Genetic, molecular, and, more recently, multi-omic evidence support each of these scenarios, which are highly interconnected but can also point to the different subgroups of AD. The identification of the pathologic triggers and order of events in the disease processes are key to the design of treatments and therapies. Prevention and treatment of AD cannot be attempted using a single approach; different therapeutic strategies at specific disease stages may be appropriate. For successful prevention and treatment, biomarker assays must be designed so that patients can be more accurately monitored at specific points during the course of the disease and potential treatment. In addition, to advance the development of therapeutic drugs, models that better mimic the complexity of the human brain are needed; there have been several advances in this arena. Here, we review significant, recent developments in genetics, omics, and molecular studies that have contributed to the understanding of this disease. We also discuss the implications that these contributions have on medicine.
The Cambridge Introduction to the Novel

Beginning its life as the sensational entertainment of the eighteenth century, the novel has become the major literary genre of modern times. Drawing on hundreds of examples of famous novels from all over the world, Marina MacKay explores the essential aspects of the novel and its history: where novels came from and why we read them; how we think about their styles and techniques, their people, plots, places, and politics. Between the main chapters are longer readings of individual works, from Don Quixote to Midnight's Children. A glossary of key terms and a guide to further reading are included, making this an ideal accompaniment to introductory courses on the novel.
THE FUNERAL DIRECTOR: MAINTAINING BUSINESS, REPUTATION AND PERFORMANCE

This paper, based upon direct and participant observation, a review of literature, and personal interviews, explores the world of funerals, the occupation of funeral director, and the role of customer. The literature and the data are woven together. Described in this paper are the activities of a funeral director and what happens during the funeral process.
Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Pyrophosphorylase Activity in Animal Tissues

Abstract An enzyme which catalyzes the formation of nicotinamide mononucleotide in the presence of nicotinamide, 5-phosphoribosylpyrophosphate, adenosine triphosphate, and Mg++ has been purified from rat liver. The reaction is highly specific for ATP and is not substituted for by a variety of nucleotides. Enzymic activity has been found in all of the tissues studied, and in the crude homogenate it is apparently in an inhibited state. The inhibitor is removed by protamine sulfate. A broad activity peak is observed between pH 7.5 and 9.5 with maximal activity around pH 8. The enzymic activity is stable at these pH values, but it is acid labile. The apparent Km values for nicotinamide, PP-ribose-P, and ATP are 2.62 µm, 3.57 x 10-5 m, and 3.83 x 10-4 m, respectively. The Vmax was calculated to be 5.4 mµmoles per mg of protein per hour.
Myofibrillar proteins of skeletal muscle

Publisher Summary Muscle is a highly integrated chemical machine. One of the most impressive aspects of this integration is the ability to increase the rate of energy utilization by approximately 2500-fold within milliseconds. This efficient transduction of chemical into mechanical energy occurs through the subtleties of the interactions of myosin, actin, adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), and inorganic ions. These interactions may be controlled or influenced by some of the minor proteins of the myofibril (tropomyosin B, troponin, and possibly aactinin). From a classic point of view, the proteins of muscle may be categorized into stromal (connective tissue for support), sarcoplasmic (glycolytic enzymes and pigments), and myofibrillar (contractile) protein fractions. The sarcoplasmic portion, a readily solubilized complex protein material, occupies all the spaces of the muscle cell, not taken up by formed elements, and the contractile system. Although, it is unlikely that any of the sarcoplasmic proteins enter into contraction, they nevertheless change in quantity during continued function or training and undoubtedly penetrate the myofibril; consequently, it would be dangerous to completely dismiss the possibility of the participation or involvement of a minor component (excluding the known involvement of the sarcotubular system) of this fraction in the contractile system. The proteins that exist in concert in the myofibril are vital to in vivo function and play dominant functional roles in the fabrication of protein foods. This chapter is concerned principally with: Molecular features of proteins in the myofibrils of skeletal muscles of mammals, preparative procedures for isolating and purifying these proteins, applied considerations relevant to their use in food systems, and the essentiality for relating present knowledge of the biological aspects of myofibrillar proteins to their potential use in fabricated food systems.
Do markets mitigate misperceptions of feedback

Experimental studies of dynamic decision making generally show poor performance. Most, however, lack market mechanisms, specifically price setting, while economic theory suggests markets should mitigate individual decision errors. We develop experimental markets to explore whether different price institutions improve performance in dynamic decision tasks. We find: (i) dynamic complexity degrades performance substantially relative to optimal despite the inclusion of different pricing mechanisms; and (ii) markets improve performance, though it remains significantly below optimal. We estimate decision rules for each actor; results reject the hypothesis of rationality at the individual level but support behavioral decision rules consistent with bounded rationality. Simulations using the estimated decision rules reproduce key features of market dynamics. Decision timing data and verbal protocols show that greater task complexity leads subjects to ignore important aspects of the environment, particularly strategic interactions among participants. Markets moderate but do not eliminate misperceptions of feedback. Copyright © 2014 System Dynamics Society
A Strategy To Increase The International Visibility And Participation Of A State University

This paper presents a strategy for expanding a university’s international participation. An effort to correct international exchange imbalances evolved into a unique international program and partnership with Walt Disney World.
"Occult" carcinoma of the bronchus: a study of 15 cases of in situ or early invasive bronchogenic carcinoma.

A small group of cases of bronchogenic carcinoma in situ or with associated early invasion have been reviewed. The results of cytologic examination were positive in approximately 73 per cent of cases and bronchoscopic biopsy was positive in 46 per cent. Although the condition of the patients has not been followed sufficiently long for thorough evaluation, highly favorable results of treatment in these early lesions are indicated.
Human activities drive warming trend in the Pacific Northwest

Researchers have found that because of human activities, the Pacific Northwest has warmed 0.6°C–0.8°C since the beginning of the 20th century. These findings appear in a new paper published 5 May in the Journal of Climate (doi:10.1175/JHM-D-13-0167.1).