cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A shell-model calculation of 18F and 18O using the Tabakin interaction

Abstract A shell-model calculation of 18 F and 18 O is performed in which the Tabakin interaction is used as the residual shell-model interaction. Two kinds of second-order corrections are included by perturbation theory. In one (the second Born corrections), plane wave intermediate states are used; in the other, particle-hole core-excited states are included. The results agree quite well with experiment. A detailed comparison is made between the results of this calculation and that made by Kuo and Brown with the Hamada-Johnston hard-core potential. The matrix elements of the two potentials agree surprisingly well. The second Born corrections are important in improving the agreement between the two sets of T = 0 matrix elements.
Spatial resolution requirements for urban studies

Abstract Remote sensor data with spatial resolutions corresponding to 0-5-10m IFOV are required to define adequately the high frequency detail which characterizes the urban scene. Effective analyses of the small parcels, compact structures and narrow street patterns typical of Asian environments will necessitate data of much higher resolution than are required for Western countries. Consequently it is unlikely that satellite image data expected for the 1980s will replace aerial photographs as a primary source of information about urban areas.
Solid-state spin-echo Fourier transform NMR of 39K and 67Zn salts at high field

Abstract We have used a two-pulse spin-echo sequence (with appropriate phase cycling) to obtain relatively undistorted second-order powder pattern spectra of the nonintegral spin quadrupolar nuclei 39 K and 67 Zn, in solids. Using the spin-echo approach, central transition breadths of up to approximately 100 kHz may be readily investigated. Results on 18-crown-6 ether · 39 KNO 3 and 39 K + · monensin − yield e 2 q Q/ h values of 1.80 and 3.20 MHz, with η = 0.37 and 0.52, respectively. For 67 Zn(OAc) 2 · 2H 2 O, e 2 q Q/ h = 5.3 MHz and η = 0.87 have been obtained. The spin-echo approach should permit investigation of a wide variety of nonintegral spin quadrupolar nuclei in solids using high-field Fourier transform methods.
Rhythmic Auditory-Motor Entrainment Improves Hemiparetic Arm Kinematics During Reaching Movements: A Pilot Study

AbstractPurpose: Recovery of skilled upper limb movement remains a critical focus of rehabilitation in individuals post stroke. Conventional treatments, however, have demonstrated limited capability to produce substantial improvements in poststroke quality of movement. Recently, rhythmic auditory stimulation (RAS) has emerged as efficacious in improving and normalizing limb movements in neurologically impaired populations. This pilot study examined changes in pre- to post-RAS reach kinematics and functional outcomes in survivors of stroke. Method: Five individuals in the chronic poststroke phase participated in a 2-week program of RAS training. Kinematic reaching variables were trunk, shoulder, and elbow segment contribution; movement time; and reach velocity. Functional outcomes were the Wolf Motor Function Test, Motor Activity Log, and Fugl-Meyer Assessment. Results: Post-RAS assessment of reaching kinematics revealed a significant (p < .05) decrease in compensatory trunk movement, increase in shoulder ...
A survey of practices and beliefs among ABPP and Non-ABPP clinical neuropsychologists

Abstract A 21-item questionnaire was mailed to all ABPP clinical neuropsychologists for whom addresses could be obtained (n = 144). A sample of 145 randomly selected non-ABPP members of Division 40 (Clinical Neuropsychology) of the American Psychological Association also received the survey. Approximately 63.6% or 184 of the questionnaires were completed and returned. Of these, 55.4% or 102 were returned by ABPPs and 44.6% or 82 by Division 40 non-ABPPs. The two groups have similar beliefs regarding appropriate training for neuropsychologists, type of information gathered during evaluations, and philosophical approach toward test selection. Differences include use of technicians, practice setting, years since degree awarded, rankings of referral sources, journals subscribed to or read regularly, and weekly time devoted to neuropsychology and other professional activities. Additional findings and implications are discussed.
Impact of the non-cellular tumor microenvironment on metastasis : Potential therapeutic and imaging opportunities

Evidence is accumulating that the malignant phenotype of a given tumor is dependent not only on the intrinsic characteristics of tumor cells, but also on the cooperative interactions of non-neoplastic cells, soluble secreted factors and the non-cellular solid-state ECM network that comprise the tumor microenvironment. Given the ability of the tumor microenvironment to regulate the cellular phenotype, recent efforts have focused on understanding the molecular mechanisms by which cells sense, assimilate, interpret, and ultimately respond to their immediate surroundings. Exciting new studies are beginning to unravel the complex interactions between the numerous cell types and regulatory factors within the tumor microenvironment that function cooperatively to control tumor cell invasion and metastasis. Here, we will focus on studies concerning a common theme, which is the central importance of the non-cellular solid-state compartment as a master regulator of the malignant phenotype. We will highlight the non-cellular solid-state compartment as a relatively untapped source of therapeutic and imaging targets and how cellular interactions with these targets may regulate tumor metastasis.
Involvement of protein kinase C in the transcriptional regulation of ornithine decarboxylase gene expression by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate in T24 human bladder carcinoma cells.

Abstract We have analyzed the molecular mechanisms involved in ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) induction by the tumor promoter 12- O -tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in T24 cells, an easily manipulable human epithelial cell line. The addition of as low as 10 −9 m TPA to T24 cells, cultured in a serum-free medium, resulted in ODC induction, with peak ODC activity occurring at about 6 h after TPA treatment. The induction of ODC activity correlates with the steady-state levels of ODC mRNA increased by TPA in T24 cells. TPA treatment did not elicit any change in the size (2.1 kb) of ODC mRNA as determined by Northern blot analysis by hybridization to nick-translated 32 P-labeled cDNA prepared from either mouse or human ODC mRNA. Using the DNA-excess filter hybridization technique, we found that increased steady-state levels of ODC mRNA after TPA treatment may be the result of enhanced accumulation of newly synthesized ODC mRNA. The magnitude of the induction of ODC activity was proportional to the amount of ODC mRNA synthesis caused by TPA. In a pulse-chase experiment, we failed to detect any difference in the half-life of ODC mRNA in T24 cells after treatment with either TPA or the vehicle ethanol; the half-life of ODC mRNA was about 6 h in both cases. Furthermore, as determined by the “nuclear runoff transcription assay,” the rate of transcription of ODC-gene was increased by treatment of T24 cells with TPA. These results provide direct evidence of the role of transcription-initiation in ODC-gene expression. The examination of the role of protein kinase C in ODC-gene transcription revealed that TPA or diacylglycerol did not induce the synthesis of ODC mRNA in PKC-deficient T24 cells. Taken together these results indicate that the TPA-increased synthesis of steady-state levels of ODC mRNA in T24 cells may be mediated by protein kinase C and is regulated at the transcriptional level.
Direct Recording of Spectra in the Region 1.2μ to 3μ Using the Lead Sulfide Photo-Conductive Cell*

The problems arising in the use of the lead sulfide cell for direct recording of spectra have been investigated using a spectrograph designed especially for this work. The inhomogeneity of the surface of these cells, as compared with photo-multipliers, makes for important differences in their use. Using a sharply tuned amplifier, the sensitivity of the cells at room temperature is adequate to permit a resolving power of the order of 40,000 at 1.4μ. Wave-lengths may be determined to about 0.1A, using overlapping orders.
A possible explanation for Cushing's syndrome associated with adrenal hyperplasia.

ABSTRACT The postulate that Cushing's syndrome associated with bilateral adrenal hyperplasia results from an increased secretion of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) satisfactory explains many aspects of the disorder. However, the absence of a measurable increase in blood concentration of ACTH in such patients has led some investigators to assume that abnormal ACTH secretion does not account for the disorder. In the present investigation, constant intravenous infusions of small amounts of ACTH (1.5–5.0 I.U. per clay) were given for four-day periods to 7 normal young men at a rate calibrated so that they should not result in a measurable elevation of the blood ACTH level. In 4 of the 7 subjects, a fairly constant elevation of the plasma level of 17-hydroxycorticosteroids (17-OH-CS) developed during the four-day infusions. In 5 of the 7 subjects the response of the plasma 17-OH-CS level to maximal stimulation with ACTH, when tested two hours after ending the constant infusion, was increased above the control respo...
The Marketing of Seasoned Equity Offerings

In an accelerated seasoned equity offering (SEO), an issuer foregoes the investment bank’s marketing efforts in return for a lower fee. To explain why many issuing firms choose a higher cost fully marketed offer, we posit that the marketing effort flattens the issuer’s short-run demand curve. Alternatively stated, with a fully marketed offer, the issuer is paying investment bankers to create demand, making the elasticity of demand at the time of issuance an endogenous choice variable. Empirical analysis shows that both the pre-issue elasticity of the issuing firm’s demand curve and the offer size are important determinants of the offer method choice. We find evidence of a large transitory increase in the elasticity of demand for issuers conducting fully marketed SEOs.
Intraoperative assessment of in situ saphenous vein bypass grafts by vascular endoscopy.

Intraoperative vascular endoscopy was used in 20 femorocrural in situ saphenous vein bypass procedures in order to control valvular incompetence, to localize side branches and to assess the integrity of the distal anastomosis. We used an Olympus Fiberscope (PF-27L) with a diameter of 2.7mm and a working length of 80cm, which had fixed illuminating and viewing fibers and a steerable tip, Valvulotomy was performed according to the technique described by R. Leather using a valve-cutter. In 8 out of 20 patients, partly retained valve leaflets were found by intraluminal inspection and could be immediately corrected. The integrity of the distal anastomosis was verified angioscopically in 14 patients. In addition, venous side branches, which had to be ligated, were easily identified under direct vision and localized by transillumination of the endoscopy light through the skin. Vascular endoscopy seems to be a practicable and time saving method to control in situ vein bypass procedures. The steps of the procedure and early results after 20 bypasses for limb salvage are presented.
The sting of salt on an old, but open, wound--is Na(+) the cause of mitochondrial and myocardial injury during ischemia/reperfusion?

Abstract D. B. Sawyer, T. M. Suter and C. S. Apstein. The Sting of Salt on an Old, but Open, Wound—is Na + the Cause of Mitochondrial and Myocardial Injury During Ischemia/Reperfusion? Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology (2002) 34 , 699–702.
Elastic Scattering of Low‐Energy Electrons from Molecular Hydrogen

Elastic scattering cross section of low energy electrons calculated by continuum Hartree-Fock equations
Panchromatic absorbers for solar light-harvesting.

A set of panchromatic absorbers exhibiting long excited-state lifetimes in both polar and nonpolar media has been prepared. The architectures are based on a porphyrin strongly coupled electronically to 1−4 perylene–monoimides via ethyne linkers. The constructs should find utility in molecular solar-conversion systems.
Quantum networking with trapped atomic ions

The paper reviews the several methods for networking trapped ion qubits, and speculates the future of creating networks of entangled trapped atomic ions through Coulombic or photonic coupling.
Treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration with intravitreal bevacizumab: efficacy of three consecutive monthly injections.

Purpose To report the efficacy of treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) with intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin; Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA) when administered in a series of three monthly injections followed by a period of observation. Design Retrospective case series. Methods Retrospective review of consecutive eyes with all choroidal neovascular lesion subtypes resulting from neovascular AMD treated with intravitreal bevacizumab. Treatment consisted of a pars plana injection of 1.25 mg Avastin (0.05 ml bevacizumab at a concentration of 25 mg/ml). Evaluation consisted of a complete ophthalmologic examination, including best-corrected visual acuity (VA) measurement, ophthalmoscopy, and optical coherence tomography. Eyes received a series of three monthly injections followed by a three-month period of observation. Results A total of 36 patients (37 eyes) received a series of three consecutive monthly intravitreal injections of bevacizumab. Twenty (54%) of 37 eyes had no previous treatments for neovascular AMD in the eye that received bevacizumab. Seventeen (46%) of 37 eyes had received some previous treatment before initiation of bevacizumab therapy. Intravitreal Avastin therapy produced an improvement in foveal thickness over time in eyes with neovascular AMD. This improvement was sustained during the series of three monthly injections. All eyes experienced worsening after three months without treatment. No statistically significant effect on VA was demonstrated in this series. Conclusion Intravitreal bevacizumab therapy produced an improvement in foveal thickness over time in eyes with neovascular AMD when one injection was given each month for three consecutive months. All eyes experienced increased foveal thickening during the subsequent three months without treatment.
The Binding of 18-Hydroxydeoxy corticosterone and 18-Hydroxycorticosterone to Mineralocorticoid and Glucocorticoid Receptors in the Rat Kidney1

Possible roles—physiological or pathological—for the adrenal steroids 18-OH-deoxycorticosterone (18-0H-D0C) and 18-OH-corticosterone (18-OH-B) are of wide current interest. Although no direct proof of such roles for these steroids has been established, they have been implicated in inappropriate salt retention and in some forms of hypertension. The initial step in the action of all steroid hormones studied to date appears to be the binding of the steroid to a cytoplasmic receptor in target tissue. This study examines the possibility that these 18-OH-steroids may act by binding to mineralocorticoid (Type I) or glucocorticoid (Types II and III) receptors in kidneys of adrenalectomized rats. Competitive binding assays have been used to estimate the affinity of the 18-OH-steroids relative to either aldosterone (Type I) or corticosterone (Types II and III) for the three classes of receptors. Previously determined Kdiss values of aldosterone or corticosterone are used to calculate Kdiss values of the 18-OH-stero...
Window materials for 110-GHz and 280-GHz gyrotron

At higher frequencies it is not easy to find a suitable material for output window applications in a high power gyrotron. The room temperature application of sapphire as a window material at higher frequencies is not feasible since its absorption coefficient increases almost linearly with increasing frequency in the millimeter wavelength region. At cryogenic temperature the absorption coefficient value decreases only by a few factors (factor of 2 to 3) in the 90-200 GHz region. The earlier reported temperature squared dependence (decrease) in the absorption coefficient of the loss tangent value is totally absent in our broad band continuous wave data we are reporting here (at 6.5 K, 35 K, 77 K, and 300 K). We utilize our precision millimeter wave dispersive Fourier transform spectroscopic techniques at room temperature and at cryogenic temperatures. The extra high resistivity single crystal compensated silicon is no doubt the lowest loss material available at room temperature in the entire millimeter wavelength region. At higher millimeter wave frequencies an extra high resistivity silicon window or a window made with extra high resistivity silicon coated with diamond film would certainly make a better candidate in the future. A single free standing synthetic diamond window seems to have higher absorption coefficient values at millimeter wavelength region at this time although it is claimed that it possesses good mechanical strength and higher thermal conductivity characteristics. It certainly does not rule out the use of diamond film on a single crystal high resistivity silicon to improve its mechanical strength and thermal conductivity.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Interaction of a 60-kilodalton D-mannose-containing salivary glycoprotein with type 1 fimbriae of Escherichia coli.

Abstract A 60-kilodalton glycoprotein previously isolated and purified from human saliva (J. B. Babu, E. H. Beachey, D. L. Hasty, and W. A. Simpson, Infect. Immun. 51: 405-413, 1986) was found to interact with type 1 fimbriae and prevent adhesion of type 1 fimbriated Escherichia coli to animal cells in a D-mannose-sensitive manner. Purified salivary glycoprotein agglutinated type 1 fimbriated E. coli and, at subagglutinating concentrations, blocked the ability of type 1 fimbriated E. coli to attach to human buccal epithelial cells or agglutinate guinea pig erythrocytes. Both interactions were inhibited by alpha-methyl-D-mannoside but not by alpha-methyl-D-glucoside. Complexing of the glycoprotein to type 1 fimbriae was demonstrated by molecular sieve chromatography and modified Western blots. When mixed with type 1 fimbriae, the radiolabeled salivary glycoprotein coeluted with type 1 fimbriae from a column of Sepharose 4B. When blotted from a sodium dodecyl sulfate gel to nitrocellulose sheets, the glycoprotein interacted directly with type 1 fimbriae applied to the blots. Both of the latter interactions also were blocked by alpha-methyl-D-mannoside but not by alpha-methyl-D-glucoside. Chemical modification of the glycoprotein with sodium metaperiodate abolished its ability to interact with isolated type 1 fimbriae or type 1 fimbriated E. coli. These results suggest that the carbohydrate moiety of the 60-kilodalton glycoprotein serves as a receptor for type 1 fimbriae in the oral cavity, and we postulate that the interaction may cause agglutination and early removal of E. coli, thereby preventing colonization by these organisms of oropharyngeal mucosae and dental tissues.
Improved boundary conditions for viscous, reacting, compressible flows

Previous studies on physical boundary conditions for flame-boundary interactions of an ideal, multicomponent, compressible gas have neglected reactive source terms in their boundary condition treatments. By combining analyses of incompletely parabolic systems with those based on the hyperbolic Euler equations, a rational set of boundary conditions is determined to address this shortcoming. Accompanying these conditions is a procedure for implementation into a maltidimensional code. In the limits of zero reaction rate or one species, the boundary conditions reduce in a predictable way to cases found in the literature. Application is made to premixed and nonpremixed flames in one and two dimensions to establish efficacy. Inclusion of source terms in boundary conditions derived from characteristic analysis is essential to avoid unphysical generation of pressure and velocity gradients as well as flow reversals. Minor deficiencies in the boundary conditions are attributed primarily to the diffusive terms. Imposing vanishing diffusive boundary-normal flux gradients works better than imposing vanishing fluxes but neither is entirely satisfactory.
Fishing Down a Prehistoric Caribbean Marine Food Web: Isotopic Evidence From Punta Candelero, Puerto Rico

ABSTRACT In recent years, a debate about the degree to which prehistoric fishing practices may, or may not, have adversely impacted local fish communities has re-emerged in the Caribbean archaeological and fisheries literature. Through carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analyses of radiocarbon dated human skeletal remains from southeastern Puerto Rico, the present work identifies a significant (one to two trophic level) decline in the mean trophic level of human-consumed fish over a period of six centuries (fifth–eleventh centuries AD). While the extrapolation of such results to a pan-Caribbean scale would be foolhardy, this work provides complementary evidence that, at least on a local scale, fishing pressure brought to bear by prehistoric peoples may have had the capability to “fish down” marine food webs in a manner akin to that seen in many global fisheries in more recent years.
One dimension. Thermodynamics, kinetics, eigenstates, and universality

Different physical problems in one dimension are related to the recurrence relation, whose solution at most linearly increases with the length of the system. In particular, limitations on the universality relation in localization are presented; phonon localization length, spectrum, and eigenstates are determined.
Treatment with gallium nitrate: Evidence for interference with iron metabolism in vivo

Gallium, when bound to transferrin, has been previously shown to cause tumor cell cytotoxicity by preventing cellular uptake of transferrin bound iron in vitro. Patients treated with constant infusion gallium nitrate for carcinoma show a rise in serum iron within 6 hr of the start of treatment. Serum iron returns to baseline by 24 hr post-infusion. Atomic analysis of iron and gallium content of Sephadex G-150 fractions of treatment sera indicate that about an equimolar amount of gallium and iron are associated with transferrin. These gallium and iron concentrations result in inhibition of transferrin mediated iron uptake in vitro, and in vivo allow for > 90% saturation of transferrin with metal. All seven patients who completed two courses of gallium therapy exhibited hypochromic microcytic anemia (mean fall in hemoglobin 3.5 grams %). Evidence for red cell iron depletion was confirmed by an increase (mean 3.3-fold) in zinc protoporphyrin levels. Since transferrin receptor increases on gallium treated iron requiring cells in vitro, we assessed cell surface transferrin receptor on peripheral blood lymphocytes by measuring fluorescent transferrin receptor antibody binding. A population of highly transferrin receptor positive cells peaks at 48 hr into the infusion. DNA analysis as well as double staining indicate the majority of transferrin receptor positive cells are unstimulated B lymphocytes. These studies provide the first documentation that constant infusion gallium treatment results in significant interference with iron metabolism and evidence for tissue iron depletion in vivo. These changes may correlate with therapeutic effects of gallium such as tumor response.
Coding of border ownership in monkey visual cortex.

Areas V1 and V2 of the visual cortex have traditionally been conceived as stages of local feature representations. We investigated whether neural responses carry information about how local features belong to objects. Single-cell activity was recorded in areas V1, V2, and V4 of awake behaving monkeys. Displays were used in which the same local feature (contrast edge or line) could be presented as part of different figures. For example, the same light‐dark edge could be the left side of a dark square or the right side of a light square. Each display was also presented with reversed contrast. We found significant modulation of responses as a function of the side of the figure in .50% of neurons of V2 and V4 and in 18% of neurons of the top layers of V1. Thus, besides the local contrast border information, neurons were found to encode the side to which the border belongs (“border ownership coding”). A majority of these neurons coded border ownership and the local polarity of luminance‐chromaticity contrast. The others were insensitive to contrast polarity. Another 20% of the neurons of V2 and V4, and 48% of top layer V1, coded local contrast polarity, but not border ownership. The border ownership-related response differences emerged soon (,25 msec) after the response onset. In V2 and V4, the differences were found to be nearly independent of figure size up to the limit set by the size of our display (21°). Displays that differed only far outside the conventional receptive field could produce markedly different responses. When tested with more complex displays in which figure-ground cues were varied, some neurons produced invariant border ownership signals, others failed to signal border ownership for some of the displays, but neurons that reversed signals were rare. The influence of visual stimulation far from the receptive field center indicates mechanisms of global context integration. The short latencies and incomplete cue invariance suggest that the border-ownership effect is generated within the visual cortex rather than projected down from higher levels.
Corporate Management Science Activities: An Update

A survey identifies the extent of usage, areas of application, effectiveness ratings, implementation problems, and advantages of management science and operations research experienced by decision makers in large American-operated corporations. These results also are used to infer ways in which managers could utilize management science methodologies more effectively.
A theoretical study of the contrast recovery and variance of MAP reconstructions from PET data

The authors examine the spatial resolution and variance properties of PET images reconstructed using maximum a posteriori (MAP) or penalized-likelihood methods. Resolution is characterized by the contrast recovery coefficient (CRC) of the local impulse response. Simplified approximate expressions are derived for the local impulse response CRCs and variances for each voxel. Using these results the authors propose a practical scheme for selecting spatially variant smoothing parameters to optimize lesion detectability through maximization of the local CRC-to-noise ratio in the reconstructed image.
Experiments in the recognition of hand-printed text, part I: character recognition

Among the many subject areas in the field of pattern recognition, the recognition of machine-printed and hand-printed alphanumeric characters has perhaps been the classic example to which people have referred in exemplifying the field. Interest in character recognition has long run high; an extensive literature in handprinted character recognition alone dates back to at least 1955.
Late 17th Century Cartesian Metaphysics and Criticisms of it

We are now ready to characterize the Cartesian system. The basic metaphysical position established will be considered as the one to which orthodox Cartesians attempt to adhere. Malebranche, for example, as he himself stresses, is not an orthodox Cartesian. Rohault, La Forge, Regis, Le Grand, and in most respects Desgabets and Arnauld are or attempt to be orthodox Cartesians.
The Road to Toxin-Targeted Therapeutic Antibodies

Once an infection by a toxin-producing bacterium is well established, therapies such as antibiotics that target bacterial growth may have little impact on the ultimate patient outcome. In such cases, toxin-neutralizing antibodies offer an opportunity to block key virulence factors. New work by A. K. Varshney, X. Wang, J. L. Aguilar, M. D. Scharff, and B. C. Fries [mBio 5(3):e01007-14, 2014, doi:10.1128/mBio.01007-14] highlights the role of the antibody isotype in determining the efficacy of toxin-neutralizing antibodies in vivo. Varshney et al. examined the role of antibody isotype for protection in murine models of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB)-induced lethal shock and sepsis produced by SEB-producing Staphylococcus aureus. Murine antibodies of the IgG2a isotype were more protective than antibodies of the IgG1 and IgG2b isotypes that have identical variable regions and binding activity. These results add to the complexity inherent in the selection and optimization of antibodies for anti-infective passive immunization and emphasize the need to use relevant in vivo models to evaluate potential therapeutic monoclonal antibodies.
Packaging of Dual-Mode Wireless Communication Module Using RF/Optoelectronic Devices With Shared Functional Components

This paper reports the design, fabrication, and testing of a compact radio-frequency (RF)/ free space optical (FSO) dual mode wireless communication system. A modified split dual-director quasi-Yagi antenna is integrated with optical transmitter and receiver by sharing layout structural components. Bare die vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) and P-i-N photodiode (PIN) are placed on antenna director pads and wire bonded to printed circuit board (PCB)-mounted laser driver and transimpedance amplifier (TIA) circuits. Detailed analysis of coupling between RF channel and associated electrical connections for the FSO channel is presented using commercial simulation tools to predict its impact on link degradation. Although crosstalk appears between RF and optical channels, the prototyped system demonstrated dual-mode high-rate communication capability with measured 2.5 Gb/s data rate in FSO link. Variations in RF subsystem features due to coupling from the FSO subsystem is estimated through radiation pattern measurement using near-field scanner.
Getting Caught in the Legal Net of Social Networking

To some nurses of a certain age and/or aptitude, terms such as Twitter, blog, and Facebook are part of their native tongue. For others, these terms are part of a foreign language that they struggle to comprehend. However, no matter how familiar or foreign the Internet and social networking sites are for nurses, many are making bad professional judgment calls that are leading to termination from employment, discipline by their licensing boards, and even embarrassment in the witness seats at trials. There are several common legal complaints that may be made against a nurse who uses social networking sites in an inappropriate manner. These include defamation, violation of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), and violation of a state’s nursing practice act or a licensing board’s rules or regulations. Whereas many employers now have policies and procedures to guide their nurse employees as to what the employer considers acceptable use of social networking and the Internet in the workplace, these policies can vary widely as to what is viewed as appropriate. In one facility, a nurse-employee may be instructed that while at work he/she may not have any access to his/her personal smartphone, at another facility the proscription may only involve not using personal phones while at the patient’s bedside or in the patient’s room. Similarly, Internet access may be very restricted for employees in one facility and virtually without restriction at another facility.
Computational models for the formation of protocell structures

The study of the formation of membrane structures has long been an active research area. The study of pre-biological and chemical evolution suggests that, prior to the appearance of the first living cell, there was a long period of chemical abiotic synthesis of organic compounds as a necessary precondition for the appearance of the first life forms. One of the critical steps of the pre-biotic evolution is the formation of protocell structures prior to the origin of life, which provide the closed environment for the bio-chemical reaction to take place. Phospholipids, due to the hydrophobicity of their tails and the hydrophilicity of their charged head-groups, are the main components of cell-membranes. It was discovered that phospholipids can self-assemble to form structures like micelles, mono-layers, inverted micelles and bilayer vesicles. But the underlying principles and the actual process for these different formations are still not fully understood. There have been various attempts to simulate the self-assembly process of lipid aggregates by computers. However, due to the computationally complex nature of the problem, previous simulations were often conducted with unrealistic simplifications of the molecules' morphology, intermolecular interactions, and the environment in which the lipid molecules interact. In this dissertation, we present a new computational model in which each lipid is simulated by a more realistic amphiphilic particle consisting of a hydrophilic head and a long hydrophobic tail. The intermolecular interactions are approximated by a set of simple forces reflecting physical and chemical properties of lipids, such as hydrophobicity and electrostatic forces, which are believed to be crucial for the formation of various aggregates. With a set of carefully selected parameters, this model is able to successfully simulate the formation of micelles in an aqueous environment and reversed micelle structures in an oil solvent from an initially randomly distributed set of lipid-like particles, as well as mono-layer structure in an air-water interface. This model can be used to study, at the microscopic level, the self-assembly of different protocell structures in the evolutionary process and the impact of environmental conditions on the formation of these structures. It may be further extended to simulate the formation of other, more complex structures of amphiphilic molecules such as bilayer and multi-layer aggregates, and to study the membrane-protein interactions.
Closer Look at the Drift Demand Spectrum

This technical note explores the physical and mathematical basis for the drift demand spectrum proposed in the 1990's by Iwan, and reveals several unexpected features of the original mathematical formulation. It is shown that the solution presented by Iwan does not provide the drift response of an isolated uniform shearbeam; instead, the solution corresponds to an analytical model in which the cantilevered shearbeam is attached to external springs and dampers anchored to a fixed reference point. Two alternative mathematical formulations are presented based on more realistic analytical models, and the results are compared with those obtained by Iwan's formulation. Advantages and disadvantages of all three formulations are discussed.
A palladium-catalysed enolate alkylation cascade for the formation of adjacent quaternary and tertiary stereocentres

The catalytic enantioselective synthesis of densely functionalised organic molecules containing all-carbon quaternary stereocentres is a challenge to modern chemical methodology research. The catalytically controlled asymmetric α-alkylation of ketones represents another difficult task and has been of major interest to our and other research groups in the past. We now report a palladium-catalyzed enantioselective process that addresses both problems at once and allows the installation of vicinal all-carbon quaternary and tertiary stereocentres at the α-carbon of a ketone in a single step. This multiple bond forming process is carried out on readily available β-ketoester starting materials and proceeds via conjugate addition of an in situ-generated palladium enolate to activated Michael acceptors. In other words, the CO2-moiety of the substrate is displaced by a C-C fragment in an asymmetric cut-and-paste reaction. The products are obtained in high yield, diastereomeric ratio, and enantiomeric excess.
Anomalies in the analysis of calibrated data

This study examines the effects of calibration errors on model assumptions and data-analytic tools in direct calibration assays. These effects encompass induced dependencies, inflated variances, and heteroscedasticity among the calibrated measurements, whose distributions arise as mixtures. These anomalies adversely affect conventional inferences, including the inconsistency of sample means; the underestimation of measurement variance; and the distributions of sample means, sample variances, and student’s t as mixtures. Inferences in comparative experiments remain largely intact, although error mean squares continue to underestimate the measurement variances. These anomalies are masked in practice, as conventional diagnostics cannot discern the irregularities induced through calibration. Case studies illustrate the principal issues.
Internal Migration Determinants: Recent Evidence

The present study investigates the impact on gross state in-migration over the 1999–2002 period of a variety of economic and non-economic factors. The empirical estimates indicate that gross state in-migration was an increasing function of expected per capita income on the one hand or actual per capita income on the other hand and a decreasing function of the average cost of living. Interstate unemployment rate differentials per se do not appear to have influenced gross migration, however. In addition, gross state in-migration was an increasing function of the availability of state parks, recreation, warmer temperatures, location in the West, and greater sunshine while being a decreasing function of the violent crime rate and the presence of hazardous waste sites.
GB Virus C/Hepatitis G Virus Infection in Southern China

The prevalence of GB virus C/hepatitis G virus (GBV-CIHGV) infection among intravenous drug users (IVnDs), patients with liver diseases, and blood donors in Nanning, southern China was studied. GBV-C/HGV RNA was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction with primers derived from the 5'-untranslated region. GBV-CIHGV RNA was detected in 64 of 85 IVnDs, 20 of 80 persons with liver disease, and 1 of 50 blood donors. Among IVnDs, GBV-C/HGV infection was associated with antibodies to hepatis C virus (HCV) and with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Eleven nucleotide sequences were determined and analyzed by molecular evolu­ tionary analysis. In a phylogenetic tree, the isolates were grouped in three clusters with GBV-C and HGV grouped in two clusters. These data indicate that GBV-CIHGV infection is common in China among IVnDs but uncommon among persons with liver disease without HBsAg or anti-HCV and that there is a new group of GBV-C/HGV.
Association Between Bullying Victimization and Health Risk Behaviors Among High School Students in the United States.

BACKGROUND: Childhood exposure to adverse experiences has been associated with adult asthma, smoking, sexually transmitted disease, obesity, substance use, depression, and sleep disturbances. Conceptualizing bullying as an adverse childhood experience, 2011 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) data were used to examine the relationship between in-person and electronic bullying victimization among US high school students and health risk behaviors and conditions related to violence, substance use, sexual risk, overweight and physical activity, sleep, and asthma. METHODS: Data were from the 2011 national YRBS among students who answered questions about in-person and electronic bullying (N = 13,846). The YRBS is a biennial, nationally representative survey of students in grades 9-12 (overall response rate = 71%). Logistic regression analyses, stratified by sex and controlling for race/ethnicity and grade, examined the association between bullying victimization and health risk behaviors or conditions. RESULTS: Rates of victimization varied; 9.4% of students reported being bullied in-person and electronically, 10.8% only bullied in-person, 6.8% only electronically bullied, and 73.0% uninvolved. Bullying was associated with nearly all health risk behaviors and conditions studied. CONCLUSION: Assessing the broad functioning and behaviors of victims of bullying could enable educators and health practitioners to intervene early and promote the long-term health of youth. Language: en
The Spectrum of a Ring

Throughout this chapter, by “ring” we mean a non-zero commutative ring with unity. Our first proposition employs Zorn’s Lemma [Rot02, Appendix].
The outward spiral: a vicious cycle model of obesity and cognitive dysfunction

Chronic failure to suppress intake during states of positive energy balance leads to weight gain and obesity. The ability to use context - including interoceptive satiety states - to inhibit responding to previously rewarded cues appears to depend on the functional integrity of the hippocampus. Recent evidence implicates energy dense Western diets in several types of hippocampal dysfunction, including reduced expression of neurotrophins and nutrient transporters, increased inflammation, microglial activation, and blood brain barrier permeability. The functional consequences of such insults include impairments in an animal's ability to modulate responding to a previously reinforced cues. We propose that such deficits promote overeating, which can further exacerbate hippocampal dysfunction and thus initiate a vicious cycle of both obesity and progressive cognitive decline.
Effects of reserpine and serotonin on milk secretion and mammary growth in the rat.

Summary1. In mature virgin rats, daily subcutaneous injections of 20 μg reserpine or .5 mg serotonin creatinine sulfate base/kg BW for 5 days, following daily injections of 10 μg estradiol for 10 days, initiated milk secretion in 14 out of 15 rats and induced growth of mammary lobuloalveolar tissue. When either drug was injected with estradiol for 10 days, mammary growth was greater than with estradiol alone, but there was little evidence of milk secretion. Injections of reserpine or serotonin alone for 21 days failed to elicit mammary growth or secretion. 2. In rats following litter removal on 4th day after parturition, milk secretion ceased and mammary glands showed pronounced involution 10 days later. Injections of 10 or 20 μg reserpine or .5 mg serotonin creatinine sulfate base for 10 days following litter removal, retarded mammary involution and maintained secretory function. 3. It is concluded that in estrogen-primed virgin rats or in post-partum rats after litter removal, reserpine and serotonin st...
Data-Based Identification of Time-Varying Poles

The modal parameters, such as poles, of time-varying systems are important evaluators of stability and performance; however, they are usually computed based on theoretical models. This paper introduces a method to identify the time-varying poles from experimental data. The method identies optimal values of the poles that satisfy formal denitions and mathematical constraints for time-varying systems. The resulting poles can be used to reconstruct the measured response and thus serve to characterize the modes of the system. I. Introduction The inclusion of time-varying dynamics is increasingly being utilized as a control eector to improve performance. Certainly, limited aspects of time-varying dynamics have traditionally been incorporated into some systems; however, systems are now being designed both to signican tly increase the variations with time and to allow active control of those variations. Applications such as morphing aircraft are particularly interesting as multi-role vehicles that can adapt to mission requirements by altering the time-varying dynamics for igh t. 1 The analysis of time-varying dynamics must directly account for the appropriate parameters that determine stability and performance. Such parameters include extensions of the traditional concepts of poles and eigenvectors to time-varying systems. Several formulations for these poles and eigenvectors have been derived, including a state-space approach 2 and an algebraic expression for a dieren tial equation, 3 all of which require explicit knowledge of the equations which describe the system’s time-varying dynamics. Alternatively, experimental measurements of the system’s states can be used to provide information about these time-varying poles and eigenvectors. Many techniques of system identication are applicable for modeling time-varying dynamics; however, the identication must consider specic constraints to ensure the resulting model accurately describes the proper mathematics of time-varying poles. One approach used ltering to identify poles of a sinusoid and thus indicate the time-varying frequency. 4 Another approach identied the time-varying poles of the transition matrices to describe the system dynamics. 5 A maximum-likelihood scheme was utilized to identify the poles of an auto-regressive model for speech analysis. 6 Another approach identied an auto-regressive model with poles using wavelets through a multiresolution least-squares algorithm. 7 This paper introduces an approach to compute the poles and associated eigenvectors of timevarying systems directly from experimental data, without explicit knowledge of the equations which describe the system’s time-varying dynamics. This approach searches over parameters that satisfy pole-eigenvector constraints to minimize the dierence between measured and predicted responses.
C–H Activation via Carbodiimide Insertion into Yttrium–Carbon Alkynide Bonds: An Organometallic Alder-ene Reaction

The yttrium alkynide (C5Me5)2Y(C≡CPh)(THF), 1, and the related trienediyl [(C5Me5)2Y]2(μ-η2:η2-PhC═C═C═CPh), 2, can be isolated from the reaction of (C5Me5)2Y(η3-CH2CHCH2)(THF) with phenylacetylene in THF and hexane, respectively. Complex 1 reacts with tBuN═C═NtBu to afford the conventional amidinate insertion product (C5Me5)2Y[tBuNC(C≡CPh)NtBu-κ2N,N′], 3. However, the analogous reaction with iso-propyl and cyclohexyl carbodiimides involves C–H activation and forms the iminovinyl complexes (C5Me5)2Y[C(═CHPh)C(N═CMe2)═NiPr-κ2C,N], 4, and (C5Me5)2Y{C(═CHPh)C[N═C(CH2)5]═NCH(CH2)5-κ2C,N}, 5, respectively. The reaction is formally a variation of the Alder-ene reaction in which a C–H bond of the carbodiimide (ene) is activated and transferred to the alkynide ligand (enophile) bound to yttrium. The trienediyl 2 reacts with iso-propyl carbodiimide via conventional insertion to form a bis(amidinate) product with a trienediyl linker, namely, (C5Me5)2Y[μ-κ2-(iPrN)2C–C(Ph)═C═C═C(Ph)–C(NiPr)2]Y(C5Me5)2, 6. The alkynid...
On the Behavior of Entrepreneurial Factor Supply to the Firm

This paper draws on an existing, but little used, approach to the choices governing the supply of ‘entrepreneurial’, in the sense of ‘residually remunerated’, resources to an enterprise, especially post start up. It focuses in particular on the hybrid ‘own factor demand/supply curve’ to the firm of Bronfenbrenner (1960), but attempts to treat such supply in conjunction with ‘contractual’ employment of resources, thus making use of gearing and portfolio concepts. To achieve this, it is found necessary for the hybrid schedule to be reinterpreted and recast as the locus of the relevant utility maximising choices. A model is presented which features combining all productive resources in a single factor F so as to concentrate on the choice between the entrepreneurial and contractual employment of these. The model identifies a variety of possible entrepreneurial resource supply responses to product market signals, including the possibility of divergence from the ‘normal’ expectation of a monotonically upward sloping supply curve. Such ‘unexpected’ behaviour is seen as rational and consistent, both with the needs of survival in distress and of safeguarding gains in the upside. Hence it is also efficient on welfare grounds. Analogies with the backward bending labour supply model and with risk/return choices in finance are pursued. The policy implication is that greater use of equity, especially in startups and distress situations, should be encouraged.