cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Radiometric comparison of JERS-1 OPS and LANDSAT-5 TM multispectral data

A direct comparison and cross-calibration of multispectral data from the JERS-1 OPS system and the Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper (TM) is performed. By comparative analysis of OPS and TM data collected on the same day over the same area, the approach minimizes assumptions about scene, measurement, and system conditions. Suitable cloud-free collections occurred on 27 Sep 1993. After spatial registration, matching OPS and TM spectral bands were paired for regression analysis. Regressions also were computed to predict each OPS band as a function of all TM bands and each TM band as a function of the OPS bands. Next, radiance calibration coefficients from the tape headers were applied to median signal values. Except for the longest SWIR bands, these OPS and TM spectral radiances agreed to within 5 to 14 percent.
STRESS-PERFUSION CMRI PROVIDES ROBUST PROGNOSTIC INFORMATION FOR DIABETIC PATIENTS AT RISK FOR MAJOR ADVERSE CARDIAC EVENTS

The utility of stress-perfusion cardiac MRI (SP-CMR) in diabetes has not been extensively investigated. We hypothesized that SP-CMR risk stratifies diabetics for major adverse cardiac events (MACE). We enrolled 143 diabetics (50 female (35%), mean age 61 ± 12) referred for SP-CMR. Standard
Large-area velocity measurement in low-speed flows

Spatial cross-correlations are used to measure velocity fields over large areas from time-separated images of instantaneous patterns in flow sections. The location of the cross-correlation peak between corresponding sub-images determines the 2-D displacement vector. Since particle image features are not sought, white light and large areas can be used as well as lasers. A single video camera is adequate for low relative displacements. A phase-shifted dual camera extends the speed range and resolution. Five example applications are presented. Quasi-static wind tunnel testing of a canard-wing model demonstrates application to configuration development. Robustness to out-of-plane motion is shown in the wake of a 2-bladed rotor in forward flight. Phase-averaging in periodic flows is discussed. A single camera is used to map the mean and r.m.s. velocities in a large rotor test chamber. A halogen tight sheet is used to validate SCV results against point probe data at the exit of a wind tunnel. Finally, extraction of the out-of-plane component in incompressible flows is presented. The swirling viscous flow above a flat plate is used to analytically represent a 3-D flow. The differential mass conservation equation is used to solve for the third component using slices of 2-D vector fields. A second-order differencing procedure is examined with added noise.
Structural Coherence and Magnetic Coupling in Fe/Si

A number of studies have inferred the presence of an Fe-silicide in Fe/Si multilayers. Our transmission electron diffraction data provide direct evidence for the presence of an Fe-silicide. Despite similarities in structural coherence and saturation magnetization behavior for Fe/Si and Fe/{FeSi}, direct evidence for Fe-silicide only occurs for the Fe/{FeSi} multilayers.
Physical and Functional Interactions between Cas and c-Src Induce Tamoxifen Resistance of Breast Cancer Cells through Pathways Involving Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 5b

High expression of the adaptor molecule Cas has been linked to resistance to the antiestrogen tamoxifen, both in tissue culture and in human tumors. The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanism(s) by which overexpression of Cas confers resistance to tamoxifen. Cas overexpression in MCF-7 breast cancer cells was shown to alleviate both tamoxifen-mediated growth inhibition and induction of apoptosis. This enhancement of cell proliferation/survival occurred in the absence of detectable effects on estrogen receptor (ER) transcriptional activity under conditions where tamoxifen was present, indicating that Cas-dependent tamoxifen resistance is not the result of a switch to an ER-negative phenotype or enhanced responses to the partial agonist activity of tamoxifen. Instead, we present evidence, suggesting that Cas promotes tamoxifen resistance by deregulation of alternative cell proliferation pathways, particularly those mediated through enhanced c-Src protein tyrosine kinase activity arising from Cas/c-Src interactions. Overexpression of Cas was found to drive endogenous c-Src into complex with Cas, a process that has been shown previously to cause up-regulation of c-Src tyrosine kinase activity. MCF-7 cells overexpressing Cas exhibited increased phosphorylation of two c-Src substrates, Tyr845 in the kinase domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 5b. Importantly, Cas-dependent protection from the antiproliferative effects of tamoxifen was reversed by the expression of dominant inhibitory variants of these substrates (Y845F EGFR and COOH-terminally truncated STAT5b). Based on these findings, we suggest that the Cas/c-Src/EGFR/STAT5 signaling axis is a major regulator of tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cell growth and survival. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(14): 7007-15)
Pre-Ionization Controlled Laser Plasma Formation for Ignition Applications

We present initial modeling and experimental results on the use of pre-ionizing pulses to enhance and control laser plasma formation in gases. The approaches are based on use of an initial pulse to achieve pre-ionization with a second pulse for generation of additional ionization and energy addition. Experimental results using a pair of nanosecond duration 1064 nm pulses are presented. In the configuration studied, the first pulse provides breakdown which also promotes additional energy deposition by the second pulse. Maximum energy deposition occurs when the inter-pulse separation is approximately 20 - 40 ns. Modeling results examine a case where the first pulse provides pre-ionization (but not breakdown) and shows that in the presence of pre-ionization, the effect of a second pulse is to increase ionization and heat the gas. Non-intrusive microwave diagnostics for ionization measurements are also presented.
Perception, Content and Rationality

Anil Gupta's Empiricism and Experience is a stylish and stimulating contribution to our subject. My expectation is that those who disagree with some of its central theses will, like me, learn greatly from thinking through where and why they part company with Gupta's lucidly presented position. For the purposes of a Symposium, I select three points of disagreement. Each point in one way or another concerns the epistemic role of the content of experience. © 2009 Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, LLC.
Some failures and successes of long-timestep approaches to biomolecular simulations

A personal account of work on long-timestep integration of biomolecular dynamics is presented, emphasizing the limitations, as well as success, of various approaches. These approaches include implicit discretization, separation into harmonic and anharmonic motion, and force splitting; some of these techniques are combined with stochastic dynamics. A Langevin/force-splitting approach for biomolecular simulations termed LN (for its origin in a Langevin/normal-modes scheme) is also described, suitable for general thermodynamic and sampling questions. LN combines force linearization, stochastic dynamics, and force splitting via extrapolation so that the timestep for updating the slow forces can be increased beyond half the period of the fast motions (i.e., 5 fs). This combination of strategies alleviates the severe stability restriction due to resonance artifacts that apply to symplectic force-splitting methods and can yield significant speedup (with respect to small-timestep reference Langevin trajectories). Extensions to sampling problems are natural by this approach.
A Review of “Paper To Digital: Documents in the Information Age”

Ziming Liu's Paper to Digital examines users in today's information world, where digital formats increasingly move to the forefront. Newspapers, journals, books, and many other formerly print-only ...
If . . .: Counterfactuals in the Law

This Article considers some of the uses of counterfactuals in the law. Counterfactuals are a type of conditional statement. Conditional statements express the idea that something is or will be the case (the consequent), provided that some other situation is realized (the antecedent). Conditionals often take the form "if p then q", Counterfactuals are conditionals in which the author expresses the knowledge or belief that the antecedent is false.
Climatic Perspective and Impacts of the 1998 Northern New York and New England Ice Storm

Abstract From 4 through 10 January 1998 a severe ice storm impacted northern New York and New England. Liquid—equivalent precipitation totals, which fell exclusively as freezing rain, reached as high as 11 cm at some observing sites in northwestern New York. At the limited number of stations in the region that report hourly meteorological observations, the magnitude of the storm was unprecedented since the beginning of digital records in 1948. The duration of the storm exceeded 115 h at Massena, New York, nearly twice the duration of the second—longest event. In terms of the liquid—equivalent precipitation amount that fell as freezing rain, nearly 9 cm was reported at Massena, New York, and 5.7 cm was observed at Burlington, Vermont, the highest amounts on record. Despite these point estimates of storm severity, it is argued that icing events in 1973, 1969, 1956, and 1921 were of comparable magnitude in New York and New England. However, with the exception of the 1921 storm, it does not appear that the sp...
Avian Migration: Regulation of Facultative-Type Movements

Virtually all environments vary in space and time. Therefore, individuals should express a phenotype, within the population reaction norm, that is best suited for the conditions it encounters (Via and Lande 1985; Kawecki and Stearns 1993). However, because most environments change markedly with season, many individuals actually move from one environment to another (i.e., they migrate). Thus, the reaction norm must include many adjustments in morphology, physiology, and behavior so that a given phenotype can track changes in its environment by maintaining homeostasis at each point in its life cycle. This raises a number of fascinating questions about control mechanisms. We have put forward the concept of life-history stages (LHSs) and finite-state machine theory to describe the problems faced by individuals in changing environments, including potential consequences for hormonal control mechanisms (Wingfield and Jacobs 1999; Jacobs and Wingfield 2000). Superimposed on the predictable life cycle are unpredictable, and potentially stressful, events that have a completely separate repertoire of physiological and behavioral traits, each with its own characteristic controls (Wingfield et al. 1998; Wingfield and Romero 2000). Here, we will focus on migratory behavior in the face of environmental perturbations (see also Wingfield and Silverin 2002).
How Do Texts Matter? The Impact of Texts in Human Rights Reasoning in Europe

This paper analyzes the significance of texts for the legal construction of human rights. First, it argues that a written and legally enforceable Bill of Rights is no precondition to the legal existence of human rights. But, secondly, such texts, be they binding or non-binding, of a constitutional nature or simple Acts of Parliament, serve to rationalize legal discourse by channeling legal reasoning. To prove this, human rights concepts and modes of legal reasoning will be analyzed both in EU member states representative of diverse human rights models - Germany, France, and Great Britain-and at the level of European Union law.In fact, human rights interpretation underlies cultural patterns that shape the scope and interpretation of rights rather than mere texts. Their existence and wording as a source of law is neither essential nor does it determine the scope of human rights. But texts do interfere at various levels with human rights adjudication and thereby shape the very idea we have of particular rights in society. Therefore, this paper analyzes strongly diverging approaches to legal reasoning in the field of human rights in EU member states. It further establishes how these interact and converge at EU level in the case law of the European Court of Justice. The paper focuses on the EC as this can be seen as a unique human rights laboratory in which a new culture of legal reasoning emerges out of a multitude of established human rights cultures.
Gulf Nationalism and the Geopolitics of Constructing Falconry as a ‘Heritage Sport’

This paper illustrates how Gulf nationals' claims to their homelands are affirmed and enacted through the ostensibly banal, but highly political, effort to construct falconry as a ‘heritage sport’. Taking the case of the United Arab Emirates, I argue that local elites have harnessed the global discourse of ‘heritage’ to construct an ethnicized and gendered vision of a primordial Arab homeland. Heritage discourses surrounding falconry play an important role in legitimating prevailing structural inequalities in Gulf societies, reaffirming the minority citizen-nationals' claims to ‘ownership’ of the state, as well as naturalizing the masculinist imaginings of desert landscapes. Also considering the transnational dimensions of a geopolitics of falconry, I show how these nationalist narratives relate to cross-regional networks between the Arabian Peninsula and Central Asia. I argue that Gulf Arab falconry practices are not essentially ‘primordial’, but are made possible by and reinforce political economic inequalities institutionalized by contemporary territorial regimes.
Effect of Distention of Jejunum upon Tonicity of the Gardia of the Dog

Summary and ConclusionsExperiments were undertaken in unanesthetized dogs to study the effect of distention of a segment of jejunum, in the form of a Thiry fistula, upon the tonus of the cardia and upon the relaxation of the cardia resulting from swallowing or from esophageal distention. It was found that the cardia is not easily influenced by changes in jejunal pressure. However, repeated moderate distention of a short jejunal segment may produce a decrease in tonus of the cardia without evidences of nausea or other distress. Secondly, it was found that distention of a jejunal segment does not alter the relaxation-contraction pattern of the cardia which is produced by the swallowing act or by esophageal distention.
Assessment of Ethanol Intoxication and Regulatory Issues

Testing for ethanol abuse is performed by clinical laboratories and by emergency medicine and law enforcement personnel. Although the definitive approach to determine ethanol intoxication for clinical or medicolegal purposes is whole blood analysis by gas chromatography, most laboratories and other testing facilities do not have such capabilities. In the clinical laboratory, ethanol is measured routinely in serum or plasma by using high-volume or benchtop analyzers. However, point-of-care testing devices can be used to screen other biologic fluids and breath. Many alternative devices have been approved by the US Department of Transportation and, thus, have become popular for workplace testing in the private sector. Breath-alcohol analysis is the most popular means for determining impairment in a medicolegal setting by law enforcement agencies.
Microstructural Aspects of Nickel Silicide Formation in Evaporated Nickel-Silicon Multilayer Thin Films

The early stages of the nucleation and growth of nickel silicides in Ni-Si multilayers evaporated onto oxide-stripped Si substrates and annealed at 150 °C have been studied by cross-section transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Observed differences in the interaction of evaporated Ni with amorphous silicon and single crystal Si have been explained by thermodynamic modeling of the Ni-Si system. The as-deposited films show a 3 nm amorphous Ni-Si intermixed layer at all Ni-Si interfaces, including that with the single-crystal Si substrate. Crystalline Ni2Si formed in all annealed films, consuming the elemental Ni layers. The amorphous alloy layer grows concurrently with Ni2Si during the reaction with a-Si; however, there is no amorphous phase present at the Ni2Si - Si interface. Thermodynamic calculations show that at 150 °C metastable equilibrium might be expected between a-Si, the amorphous phase, and Ni2Si; but not between Ni2Si, the amorphous phase, and crystalline Si. The composition of the amorphous phase is very close to a-Ni50Si50. After a 6 hour anneal at 150 °C, crystalline NiSi forms between the a-Si and the Ni2Si layers by crystallization of the amorphous phase. Further annealing is necessary to form NiSi at the Si - Ni2Si interfaces.
Optimal size matching in single lung transplantation.

Background Single lung transplantation for patients with end-stage obstructive lung disease has been highly effective in providing symptomatic relief, and it has been performed at a much increased frequency since 1983. However, there still lacks a convincing study showing the effect of size match and other preoperative variables in predicting functional outcome of patients after transplantation. Methods We evaluated 23 single lung transplantations performed for obstructive lung disease over a 34-month period. Multiple physiologic variables and size match criteria were evaluated for their contribution in determining the postoperative forced expiratory volume in 1 second at 3 months after transplantation. Results The size match ratio that was based on inframammary chest wall circumference was the most useful criterion to adopt, and the optimal donor/recipient size match ratio was 0.89. Furthermore, forced expiratory volume in 1 second at 3 months after transplantation could be predicted with a simple mathematical model that was based on the size match ratio and the recipient's calculated vital capacity of the transplanted hemithorax. Conclusions This model could be applied in a clinical setting to maximize functional outcome of the recipients undergoing single lung transplantation.
Crystal structure of a mono-bridged calix[4]arene

The title compound, 52-[(5-bromo­pent­yl)­oxy]-12,114,35,55-tetra-tert-butyl-17,18,19,110-tetra­hydro-16H,116H-1(4,12)-dibenzo[b,e][1,7]dioxa­cyclo­dodecina-3,5(1,3)-dibenzena­cyclo­hexa­phan-32-ol, C54H73BrO4, was synthesized from the reaction of tert-butyl­calix[4]arene with 1,5-di­bromo­pentane using K2CO3 in CH3CN. The structure consists of a calixarene unit with a five-carbon bridge connecting two proximal phenolic O atoms, and with a bromo­pent­oxy chain on one of the remaining phenolic O atoms. The calixarene unit was found to have a flattened cone conformation with no solvent (or other guest) mol­ecule observed in the cavity. Two of the opposite phenyl rings lean outwards with fold angles of 136.2 (1) and 133.0 (1)° between the rings and the plane of the bridging methyl­ene C atoms, while the other two opposite rings form fold angles of 83.27 (9) and 105.46 (9)°. There is considerable disorder in this mol­ecule. One of the tert-butyl groups is disordered over two conformations with occupancies of 0.527 (5) and 0.473 (5). The bromo­pent­oxy chain is disordered over three configurations with occupancies of 0.418, 0.332 and 0.250. The five-carbon bridge connecting two proximal phenolic O atoms is disordered over two conformations with occupancies of 0.537 (7) and 0.463 (7).
Silent diabetic nephropathy.

Moderately increased albuminuria is widely accepted as the first clinical sign of diabetic nephropathy. However, previous morphometric studies and the autopsy study by Klessens et al. have clearly demonstrated that by the time moderately increased albuminuria is evident, the kidneys in some diabetic patients have already undergone glomerular and tubulointerstitial damage, which indicates that it is not a sensitive marker for diabetic nephropathy. Hence, there is a need for new biomarkers of early diabetic nephropathy.
Knowing on Demand: Staging Knowledge-Claims in Manfred’s Mental Theatre

The assertion that Manfred is a skeptical work will hardly come as a shock: a number of writers have made this statement and considered its ramifications from various angles. They have, for example, argued that the play enacts skeptical beliefs Byron long held, or, more recently, examined the way that its skepticism reflects simultaneously emergent theories in science and natural history. Curiously, however, few have explored the various manifestations of skepticism in the text itself at length, or reflected on precisely why Byron may have employed it.1 A close examination of the radical skepticism in Manfred, however, yields important discoveries about Byron’s philosophical development. In Manfred, Byron frames knowledge as a series of choices, and a series of rejections. In so doing, he suggests that what is usually thought of as knowledge is always fundamentally unsound — knowledge-claims rather than knowledge — and that actual knowledge is inherently unattainable. Moreover, for the first time he demonstrates that choosing or rejecting a given knowledge-claim may be an active decision.
Nanophotonic hot electron devices for UV Si-photonics

We report solar-bind UV detectors based on nanophotonic metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) structures. The nanostructured metal acts as the UV absorber, while the large meta/oxide interfacial energy barrier (>4 eV) eliminates the solar response. Quantum efficiencies >100% are demonstrated due to hot-electron induced avalanche gain in Si.
An Essential Role of INI1/hSNF5 Chromatin Remodeling Protein in HIV-1 Posttranscriptional Events and Gag/Gag-Pol Stability

INI1/hSNF5/SMARCB1/BAF47 is an HIV-specific integrase (IN)-binding protein that influences HIV-1 transcription and particle production. INI1 binds to SAP18 (Sin3a-associated protein, 18 kDa), and both INI1 and SAP18 are incorporated into HIV-1 virions. To determine the significance of INI1 and the INI1-SAP18 interaction during HIV-1 replication, we isolated a panel of SAP18-interaction-defective (SID)-INI1 mutants using a yeast reverse two-hybrid screen. The SID-INI1 mutants, which retained the ability to bind to IN, cMYC, and INI1 but were impaired for binding to SAP18, were tested for their effects on HIV-1 particle production. SID-INI1 dramatically reduced the intracellular Gag/Gag-Pol protein levels and, in addition, decreased viral particle production. The SID-INI1-mediated effects were less dramatic in trans complementation assays using IN deletion mutant viruses with Vpr-reverse transcriptase (RT)-IN. SID-INI1 did not inhibit long-terminal-repeat (LTR)-mediated transcription, but it marginally decreased the steady-state gag RNA levels, suggesting a posttranscriptional effect. Pulse-chase analysis indicated that in SID-INI1-expressing cells, the pr55Gag levels decreased rapidly. RNA interference analysis indicated that small hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated knockdown of INI1 reduced the intracellular Gag/Gag-Pol levels and further inhibited HIV-1 particle production. These results suggest that SID-INI1 mutants inhibit multiple stages of posttranscriptional events of HIV-1 replication, including intracellular Gag/Gag-Pol RNA and protein levels, which in turn inhibits assembly and particle production. Interfering INI1 leads to a decrease in particle production and Gag/Gag-Pol protein levels. Understanding the role of INI1 and SAP18 in HIV-1 replication is likely to provide novel insight into the stability of Gag/Gag-Pol, which may lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies to inhibit HIV-1 late events. IMPORTANCE Significant gaps exist in our current understanding of the mechanisms and host factors that influence HIV-1 posttranscriptional events, including gag RNA levels, Gag/Gag-Pol protein levels, assembly, and particle production. Our previous studies suggested that the IN-binding host factor INI1 plays a role in HIV-1 assembly. An ectopically expressed minimal IN-binding domain of INI1, S6, potently and selectively inhibited HIV-1 Gag/Gag-Pol trafficking and particle production. However, whether or not endogenous INI1 and its interacting partners, such as SAP18, are required for late events was unknown. Here, we report that endogenous INI1 and its interaction with SAP18 are necessary to maintain intracellular levels of Gag/Gag-Pol and for particle production. Interfering INI1 or the INI1-SAP18 interaction leads to the impairment of these processes, suggesting a novel strategy for inhibiting posttranscriptional events of HIV-1 replication.
CNS Complications of Aseptic Meningitis in Infants

The incidence and outcome of neurological complications occurring during the acute stage of aseptic meningitis in 277 infants under 2 years of age are reported from Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, NH.
EMERGENT RELATIONAL RESPONDING BASED UPON QUANTITY AND EQUIVALENCE

Across four phases, we sought to establish performances for 3 subjects (a 7-year-old child and 2 adults) demonstrating emergent stimulus relations based upon quantity and equivalence. In Phase 1, a single-sample/single-comparison procedure was used to train A-B and B-“Q” conditional discriminations that resulted in the demonstration of 2 three-member equivalence classes. The “Q” stimulus for Stimulus Class 1 (Q2) was comprised of two dots; for Stimulus Class 2 the “Q” stimulus (Q12) was comprised of 12 dots. In Phase 2, simple discriminations were trained among the original two “Q” stimuli and two novel “Q” stimuli comprised of intermediate numbers of dots (Q6 = 6; Q8 = 8). Initially, when presented with two differing “Q” stimuli, a subject was required to select the stimulus with the greater number of dots. Once established, this discrimination was reversed (i.e., select the lesser quantity) and re-reversed until a subject’s discriminative performance was readily altered. We then presented subjects with A and B stimuli as samples and various arrangements of “Q” stimuli as comparisons in a single-sample/two-comparison procedure with no programmed consequences. All subjects selected comparisons comprised of a lesser quantity when presented with samples from Stimulus Class 1 and vice versa for samples from Stimulus Class 2. In addition, one subject was tested further to extend her relational performance to novel “Q” stimuli (Q1 = 1 dot; Q18 = 18 dots), demonstrating relative stimulus class membership for Q2 and Q12 stimuli. In Phase 3, A-C conditional discriminations were trained using procedures similar to Phase 1. Subsequent tests (Phases 3 and 4) demonstrated transfer of function through stimulus classes of equivalence and quantity relations to the C stimuli.
Gramada: immediacy in programming language development

Domain-specific languages (DSLs) improve software maintainability and programmer productivity by making domain concepts more explicit in the code. However, developing syntax and semantics of DSLs is often challenging and as a result developers seldom take advantage of the benefits of DSLs. One way to lower the entry barrier to DSL development is to give developers immediate and continuous feedback on modifications to a language. We propose Gramada, an environment for developing DSLs in Squeak/Smalltalk which is designed to provide such a live programming experience. It is based on a language development framework with additional support for incremental compilation to improve system response times and a set of tools which creates a steady frame and allows programmers to quickly explore changes to the syntax of a language. Our benchmarks and discussion illustrate how Gramada can give visual feedback on most changes to the language in a way that supports live programming. We conclude that Gramada’s feedback is fast and consistent enough to make exploring the effects of changes a lively and productive activity during the interactive development of DSLs.
Effects of alcohol on gene expression in neural cells

Our studies in the NG108-15 neuroblastoma x glioma cell line previously showed that the molecular chaperonin, Hsc70, is an ethanol-responsive gene (EtRG) regulated at the level of transcription by ethanol. We recently identified two related molecular chaperonins, GRP94 and GRP78, as EtRGs with GRP94 mRNA abundance being induced by ethanol more than three-fold vs. control. Stable transfection studies show that GRP78 transcription is also regulated by ethanol and that ethanol also potentiates GRP78 induction by classical inducing agents such as tunicamycin. Recently, we have found that ethanol induction of Hsc70 may require cis-acting promoter sequences recognized by the DNA-binding protein Sp1. Chronic ethanol exposure does not alter Sp1 DNA-binding activity, thus suggesting a possible ethanol-induced post-translational modification that activates Sp1 function. We predict that the molecular mechanisms underlying ethanol regulation of Hsc70, GRP94 and GRP78 may be similar since they have related functions. GRP94 and GRP78 (GRP94/78) are known to be induced by agents which inhibit glycoprotein processing or deplete endoplasmic reticulum stores of calcium. In turn, induction of GRP78 expression is known to selectively alter the transport of glycoproteins and produce “tolerance” to depletion of sequestered intracellular calcium. The regulation of these genes by ethanol could thus relate to the known effects of ethanol on calcium homeostasis and protein trafficking. The actions of ethanol on chaperonin gene expression may have important mechanistic implications for CNS adaptation to ethanol, particularly if other EtRGs share the same regulatory mechanisms.
National Trends in Atrial Fibrillation Hospitalization, Readmission, and Mortality for Medicare Beneficiaries, 1999–2013

Background —Data is lacking on national trends for atrial fibrillation (AF) hospitalization, particularly with regards to long-term outcomes including readmission and mortality. Methods —We studied all Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries between 1999 and 2013, and evaluated rates of hospitalization for AF, in-hospital mortality, length-of-stay, and hospital payments. We then evaluated rates of longer-term outcomes including 30-day readmission, 30-day mortality, and 1-year mortality. To evaluate changes in rates of AF hospitalization, and mortality we used mixed-effects models, adjusting for age, sex, race, and comorbidity. To assess changes in rates of 30-day readmission, we constructed a Cox proportional hazards model adjusting for age, sex, race and comorbidity. Results —Adjusted rates of hospitalization for AF increased by almost 1% per year between 1999 and 2013, and while there was geographic variation this trend was consistent nationwide. Median hospital length of stay remained unchanged at 3.0 (interquartile range [IQR] 2.0-5.0) days, but median Medicare inpatient expenditure per beneficiary increased from $2,932 (IQR $2,232-$3870) to $4,719 (IQR $3124-$7209) per stay. During the same period, the rate of inpatient mortality during AF hospitalization decreased by 4% per year and the rate of 30-day readmission decreased by 1% per year. The rates of 30-day and 1-year mortality decreased more modestly by 0.4% and 0.26% per year, respectively. Conclusions —Between 1999 and 2013, among Medicare fee-for service beneficiaries, patients were hospitalized more frequently and treated with more costly inpatient therapies such as AF catheter ablation, but this was associated with improved outcomes including lower rates of in-hospital mortality, 30-day readmission, 30-day mortality, and 1-year mortality.
Food waste compost effects on fertilizer nitrogen efficiency, available nitrogen, and tall fescue yield

Composting of food waste is increasing as composting technologies improve and as social and environmental pressures demand alternatives to disposal in landfills. Few agronomic studies are available to document N availability following food waste compost application. The objectives of this study were (i) to determine food waste compost effects on N fertilizer uptake efficiency across a range of N fertilizer rates, (ii) evaluate the effect of food waste composts on grass yield and N uptake by tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb. 'A.U. Triumph'), and (iii) estimate the residual effects of compost application on N fertilizer requirements. We used a split-plot design with two compost treatments and a no-compost control as main plots, and NH 4 NO 3 (34-0-0) applied at rates of 0, 17, 34, 50, and 67 kg ha -1 per grass harvest as subplots. A food waste + yard trimmings + paper (FYP) compost and a food waste + wood waste + sawdust (FW) compost were applied at rates of approximately 78 Mg ha -1 (870-1000 kg N ha -1 ) before seeding tall fescue. Compost did not affect grass yield or N uptake in the first year of the study. Compost increased grass yield during the second and third seasons after application. Grass N uptake increased linearly with fertilizer N application rate in all years. Compost did not affect fertilizer N uptake efficiency (the linear slope describing grass N uptake vs. fertilizer N application). Nitrogen fertilizer requirements during the midseason growth period were reduced by 0.22 to 0.37 kg N ha -1 d -1 during the second season after compost application and by 0.13 to 0.26 kg ha -1 d -1 during the third season after compost application. Results of this study suggest that N mineralized from compost and N provided by fertilizer can be considered as additive components of N supply for crop growth.
Muriel Dimen: Teacher, Mentor, Psychoanalytic Scholar

ABSTRACTThis essay is split in content and intent. In the first part, I share my reflections from my long personal relationship with Muriel Dimen, who taught, supervised, and mentored me as a young candidate and beginning scholar. In this part, I try convey how staunch and thorough her commitment, how extraordinary her generosity was in supporting the intellectual development of a new generation of emerging psychoanalytic thinkers and theorists.The second part, written in an entirely different tone, takes on the body of work Dimen produced in the last decade of her life, which focused on sexual boundary violations. This work highlights the hybridity of her thinking and the brilliance of her mind. I flesh out the genealogy of her reflections on this topic and discuss in some depth how her last, posthumously published paper changes the terms of the conversation in this very difficult matter. In this topic, as she had previously done in many others, Dimen’s contribution introduced an entirely novel way to th...
BOLLYWOOD AND POSTMODERNISM: POPULAR INDIAN CINEMA IN THE 21st CENTURY By Neelam Sidhar Wright. Edinburgh: Edinburgh UP, 2015. 240 pp. $60 hardcover.

Currently the world's largest film industry, Hindi cinema, popularly known as Bollywood, has gained international acclaim for producing films which combine song, dance, action, romance, and comedy....
A Political Outlier: the Distinct Politics of the Millennial Generation

The generation one comes of age politically is an important determinant in one’s political identity. As a result, there is the potential for a disparity of the vote choice among different generations. Today, the youngest generation of American adults—the so-called Millennial Generation—have developed distinct political leanings that are significantly to the left of older generations Since Millennials have achieved adulthood and gained the right to vote the generation has consistently been a generational outlier. The strong pro-Democratic vote of the Millennials has its roots in the generation being both very pro-Obama and very anti-Bush. The Millennials support for the Democratic Party, however, is also due to the generation’s liberal views on policy that are a product of Millennials’ relative diversity, high education levels, global perspective on politics, and lack of religiosity. The huge generation gap that has emerged since Millennials have entered the electorate suggests that there is an emerging realignment of the electorate along generational lines. With generational replacement, Millennials thus have the potential to alter the direction of American politics.
Exposure of developing brain to general anesthesia: what is the animal evidence?

Recently, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration issued an official warning to all practicing physicians regarding potentially detrimental behavioral and cognitive sequelae of an early exposure to general anesthesia during in utero and in early postnatal life. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration concern is focused on children younger than three years of age who are exposed to clinically used general anesthetics and sedatives for three hours or longer. Although human evidence is limited and controversial, a large body of scientific evidence gathered from several mammalian species demonstrates that there is a potential foundation for concern. Considering this new development in public awareness, this review focuses on nonhuman primates because their brain development is the closest to humans in terms of not only timing and duration, but in terms of complexity as well. The review compares those primate findings to previously published work done with rodents.
Self-Healing Phase Change Salogels with Tunable Gelation Temperature.

Chemically cross-linked polymer matrices have demonstrated strong potential for shape stabilization of molten phase change materials (PCM). However, they are not designed to be fillable and removable from a heat exchange module for an easy replacement with new PCM matrices and lack self-healing capability. Here, a new category of shapeable, self-healing gels, “salogels”, is introduced. The salogels reversibly disassemble in a high-salinity environment of a fluid inorganic PCM [lithium nitrate trihydrate (LNH)], at a preprogrammed temperature. LNH was employed as a high latent heat PCM and simultaneously as a solvent, which supported the formation of a network of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) chains via physical cross-linking through poly(amidoamine) dendrimers of various generations. The existence of hydrogen bonding and the importance of low-hydration state of PVA for the efficient gelation were experimentally confirmed. The thermal behavior of PCM salogels was highly reversible and repeatable during multiple ...
Engaging substance-affected families in child welfare: parent perspectives of a parenting intervention at program initiation and completion

Families affected by substance abuse are at an increased risk of child welfare involvement and poor child welfare outcomes. One strategy to improve outcomes among these families is evidence-based p...
Evolution of Call Patterns and Pattern Recognition Mechanisms in Neoconocephalus Katydids

In the katydid genus Neoconocephalus, males typically produce continuous calls with an extremely fast pulse rate of about 200/s. Divergence from this ancestral pattern includes alternation of pulse periods resulting in a double-pulse pattern, and the grouping of pulses into chirps. Double-pulse patterns evolved five times independently in the genus. Analysis of the female preferences and call recognition mechanisms revealed that in three species with double-pulse pattern, females have independently evolved new mechanisms for recognizing the derived call pattern. In the remaining two species with double-pulse pattern, females retain the ancestral recognition mechanism and exhibit no preference for the derived temporal pattern. These results suggest that males are leading the evolutionary divergence of call patterns in this genus. We propose a hypothetical scenario in which genetic bottlenecks and founder effects arising from the climatic history of North America contributed to the rapid diversification of calls in this genus.
Polarized proton capture by deuterium and the 2H(p, gamma )3He astrophysical S factor.

The $^{2}\mathrm{H}(\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{p}, \ensuremath{\gamma})^{3}\mathrm{He}$ reaction has been studied in the energy region ${E}_{p}=80\ensuremath{-}0$ keV (${E}_{\mathrm{c}.\mathrm{m}.}=53.3\ensuremath{-}0$ keV), where the quantities measured were $\ensuremath{\sigma}(\ensuremath{\theta}, E)$ and ${A}_{y}(\ensuremath{\theta}, E)$. Our result for the total $^{2}\mathrm{H}(p, \ensuremath{\gamma})^{3}\mathrm{He}$ $S$ factor at $E=0$ is $S(0)=0.121\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.012$ eV b (including systematic error), which is 52% lower than the presently accepted value. Some astrophysical aspects of this result are discussed. We have also extracted the $E1$ and $M1$ $S(E)$ components using our detailed angular distribution data. These data will provide sensitive tests for three-body calculations which include Coulomb and meson exchange current effects.
Effects of radiolabeling on the optical properties of a dual-labeled peptide

1542 Objectives Multimodality imaging provides complementary functional and anatomical information for diagnosis, treatment planning, and therapeutic monitoring. Significant effort has been placed on using NIRF dyes that can be derivatized and subjected to radiolabeling schemes with reduced risk of physical degradation or loss of fluorescence. In this study we labeled a DOTA-MMP-targeting peptide (M1) with IRDye800CW and a radioisotope and examined the effects of labeling conditions on the properties of the dual-agent. Methods M1 was labeled with IRDye800CW-NHS in phosphate buffer to form M2. M2 underwent 64Cu labeling in 0.1 M sodium acetate with heating at 50oC for 1 h. Stability studies were performed in PBS, DTPA and serum to evaluate peptide, fluorescent, and radiotracer stability. Generator-produced 68Ga was also used to label M2 by fractionated elution, adjusting the eluate to pH 4 with sodium acetate, and heating at 95oC for 5 mins. Stability studies were performed as described above. Cold Cu and Ga were used to label M2 for evaluation of optical properties in response to the different labeling conditions. Results M2 was prepared with >90% purity and proved stable in PBS and water for up to 2 weeks as no additional peaks were observed on the UV and fluorescence channels of the HPLC. Radiolabeling with 64Cu and 68Ga resulted in rapid labeling, within 5 mins.; radiochemical purity (RCP) was >95% in both cases and did not require further purification. 64Cu-M2 showed excellent stability in PBS and DTPA, but decreased RCP was observed in serum studies at 24 h. 68Ga-M2 was stable in all conditions. Experiments with cold Cu and Ga labeling showed no major loss of optical properties or fluorescent signal. Conclusions An efficient dual-labeling strategy was developed for NIR/PET imaging using two different radiometals. Retention of fluorescent properties indicates the feasibility and utility of this approach for the development of novel multimodality imaging agents
Assessing Personality Using Self-Report Measures with Asians and Asian Americans

The reliability and validity of commonly used personality self-report measures have been investigated among different Asian groups internationally, but there is a dearth of studies among Asian-Americans living in the USA. There is a long-standing debate about whether personality is universal or culturally dependent. Research suggests that personality may have both features. Although measures such as the NEO-PI-R and the MMPI have demonstrated cross-cultural robustness, indigenous and combined indigenous-universal measures have also shown good fit among different Asian populations. There are a number of factors that may affect the stability and interpretability of existing measures. Self-report bias may reduce the validity and reliability of self-report measures. The influence of culture on self-perception may also reduce predictive validity. This chapter will review important considerations when utilizing self-report personality measures for Asian/Asian-American populations.
Suffering as Punishment

I shall begin my defense of theism by citing a most readily available solution which goes back to antiquity, one of which everybody has heard. This solution has however fallen into general disfavor and there are rarely any theodicies nowadays which make reference to it. Later I shall try to suggest some reasons which may be responsible for the fact that this solution has these days been nearly universally ignored.
'Faithful Servants of the Regime' - The Brazilian Constitutional Court’s Role under the 1988 Constitution

Latin America has witnessed an undeniable increase in the importance of courts in policy debates, in debates about the rights of citizens and the duties of states, and in controversies across branches of government. This raises the question, whose rights and interests are these courts protecting? Are they perhaps newly empowered by the need to police a more democratic separation of powers? Who benefits from the increasing intervention of courts in politics? Are courts acting autonomously, or as agents of the executive, the legislature, or someone else? In this paper I propose a theoretical and conceptual scheme for explaining the capacity and inclination of courts to effectively police the separation of powers and enforce the rights of citizens. The framework takes into account both the institutional design of courts and their political context and seeks to explain which issues and whose interests the courts will protect with special solicitude. By way of illustrating its utility, I apply the scheme to the STF, the highest constitutional court in Brazil.
PYROLYSIS GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY (PyGC) APPLIED TO THE STUDY OF NATURAL WAXES IN ART AND ARCHAEOLOGY

Summary Pyrolysis gas chromatography (PyGC) was applied to the study of samples of waxes in reference collections and samples taken from museum objects. The technique permitted identification of waxes even within a class, e.g. plant waxes (carnauba, candelilla, etc.) and was helpful in detecting impurities and adulterations. It is a valuable addition to such methods as IR, GC and MS previously applied to the study of waxes.
Syntheses of Unsymmetrical 1,4-Bifunctional Allylboron Reagents via Cu-catalyzed Highly Regio- and Stereoselective 1,4-Protoboration of Dienylboronates and Analysis of the Origin of Chemoselective Aldehyde syn-(Hydroxymethyl)allylation

The syntheses of unsymmetrical 1,4-bifunctional allylboron reagents via Cu-catalyzed highly regio- and stereoselective 1,4-protoboration of dienylboronates were developed. The resulting allylboronates underwent chemoselective allylboration with aldehydes followed by oxidative workup to give diol products with high diastereoselectivity. Transition state analysis revealed that the disfavored transition states suffer from either a severe A1,3 allylic strain or 1,3-syn-pentane interactions. Minimization of such nonbonding 1,3-syn-pentane interactions is proposed to be the origin of observed chemoselectivity of the reaction.