cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Identification and molecular characterization of the calmodulin-binding subunit gene (CMP1) of protein phosphatase 2B from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. An alpha-factor inducible gene.

A method has been developed for the rapid purification of yeast calmodulin in high yield. Using a 125I-labeled calmodulin SDS/PAGE gel overlay procedure with either yeast or bovine calmodulin, we show that the bovine and yeast proteins recognize the same proteins in total yeast extracts. However, yeast calmodulin does not bind to many of the proteins in vertebrate cells identified using bovine calmodulin. A Δgt11 yeast genomic expression library was screened with yeast or bovine brain 125I-calmodulin to identify sequences derived from calmodulin binding proteins. Twelve clones were recovered, all containing a common DNA insert; all bound calmodulin in a Ca2+-dependent manner. The complete coding sequence was recovered and sequenced. The predicted protein sequence show > 50% identity to the A subunit of vertebrate protein phosphatase 2B. The gene was designated CMP1 and shown to reside on chromosome IV. Disruption or over-expression of CMP1 have no obvious phenotype; yeast appears to contain one or more CMP1-related genes. The protein product of the CMP1 gene is elevated by α-factor treatment, suggesting an involvement of protein phosphatase 2B in the mating response.
Nutritional assessment and support in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Summary Malnourished COPD patients demonstrate energy requirements significantly above predicted needs especially during activity. Recognition of this altered metabolic state is essential to the design of any nutritional intervention program. This factor alone, however, cannot explain the wasting syndrome observed in these patients. The elevated demands appear to combine with recognized factors which act to limit caloric intake. Nutritional repletion with calorie and protein supply proportional to demand is associated with weight gain, nitrogen retention, and improvement in physiologic parameters of muscle strength. Greater success of outpatient nutritional repletion in this population is dependent on alternative feeding strategies to deal with those symptoms which limit caloric intake, especially during a disease exacerbation. Future clinical research must explore these strategies before an adequate assessment of the risk and cost-benefit ratio of nutritional intervention can be determined. Additional work is indicated in techniques to identify those patients who would benefit from calorie supplementation as well as techniques to monitor the response of these individuals. Information gathered from the continued study of this population of stable outpatients with COPD will have wide application to the entire COPD patient population. This includes those patients with respiratory failure on mechanical ventilation, where numerous complicating factors makes the study of nutritional intervention and respiratory muscle function difficult.
Nucleotide sequence analysis of a type 1 fimbrial gene of Streptococcus sanguis FW213.

Abstract A structural gene for type 1 fimbriae of Streptococcus sanguis FW213 was located within a 6-kilobase fragment cloned in Escherichia coli. A 1.6-kilobase internal fragment contains an open reading frame of 927 bases coding for an immunoreactive peptide of 34,349 daltons, which corresponds in size with an observed cytoplasmic form of fimbrial peptide (P. M. Fives-Taylor, F. L. Macrina, T. J. Pritchard, and S. J. Peene, Infect. Immun. 55:123-128, 1987). Disruption of the reading frame by insertional mutagenesis results in loss of immunoreactivity. Consensus sequences for initiation of transcription and translation were identified 5' to the coding region. Transcription terminator-like sequences were found downstream of the coding region. The deduced amino acid sequence of the cloned fimbrial peptide shows a strongly hydrophobic signal sequence at the amino terminus. The carboxyl-terminal region does not include a hydrophobic membrane anchor sequence such as has been reported for other gram-positive surface structures. A hydrophobic region of 12 to 14 amino acids downstream from the putative signal sequence cleavage site exhibits homology with the Streptococcus pyogenes type 6 M protein repetitive region A (S. K. Hollingshead, V. A. Fischetti, and J. R. Scott, J. Biol. Chem., 261:1677-1686, 1986). Functional homology at the level of protein secondary structure with Actinomyces viscosus T14V type 1 fimbriae (M. K. Yeung, B. M. Chassy, and J. O. Cisar, J. Bacteriol., 169:1678-1683, 1987) is proposed.
Computation of Scattering Kernels in Radiative Transfer

Abstract This note proposes rapidly convergent computational formulae for evaluating scattering kernels from radiative transfer theory. The approach used here does not rely on Legendre expansions, but rather uses exponentially convergent numerical integration rules. The relation between the domain of analyticity of a given phase function and the speed of convergence is studied in detail.
Fandom face to face

This essay focuses on the contexts away from the stadium where fans congregate, organise, develop and learn to perform their fandom. I define the concept of performance and show how it applies to fandom. I describe how, in small to medium scale, face-to-face settings, fans are able to form bonds and validate each others’ fandom. For some, fandom is an extension of playing the game as in Holland, where one might play in the amateur ranks of one of the famous professional teams. In Italy, organised fandom follows from a history of neighbourhood social clubs. I describe the Roma Club Testaccio as the epicentre of Roma fandom, and how it serves to educate fans in Roman-ness. Hardcore fan clubs support the team home and away, and I describe one of my own intense experiences travelling on the bus with some of the most notorious hardcore fans in Italy. Italians can also visit the grounds at which their beloved team practices and where they can catch a glimpse of the players up close, and connect with other devot...
Tryptophan Hydroxylation: Measurement in Pineal Gland, Brainstem, and Carcinoid Tumor

Development of a rapid and sensitive radioassay has permitted study of the conversion of tryptophan to 5-hydroxytryptophan in mammalian tissues. Of normal tissues examined, beef and rat pineal gland contained the highest activity. This is the first direct demonstration of tryptophan hydroxylase in this hydroxyindole-rich tissue. Rat and rabbit brainstem and human carcinoid tumor also had quantities of enzyme that could be measured easily. The reaction requires a reduced pteridine and oxygen and is inhibired by Para-Chorophenylalanine.
Perfection in topographic mapping — When is it justified?

The atmosphere in which photogrammetry was conceived and born in Europe was one of striving for perfection on the part of pure scientists. Even today much of the literature on photogrammetry is stu...
Linearized Fiber Optic Sensor Readout

Interferometric sensors traditionally have been limited by their non-linear input-output characteristics. This paper presents a method for output linearization using four interferometer outputs corresponding to ±sin ct and ±coscp, where 4 is the relative phase of interferometer legs. These outputs are combined in an arctangent algorithm to extract (/). Applications to both Mach-Zehnder and Sagnac interferometers are discussed, with experimental data from a fiber gyro presented. The data taken over a 47r range of 4 demonstrate linearity and stability of the algorithm.
Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is overexpressed in breast cancer metastases

EpCAM (CD326) has diverse roles in cell adhesion and proliferation, and is known to be overexpressed in primary breast carcinomas (PBCs). While clinical and preclinical data suggest a role for EpCAM in metastases, the only prior study of EpCAM expression in breast cancer metastases suggested that EpCAM expression is decreased after first-line chemotherapy. This study evaluates EpCAM expression in metastatic breast carcinoma (MBC) versus matched PBC . Rapid autopsies were performed on 17 patients with widely metastatic breast cancer. Single patient tissue microarrays (TMAs) were constructed from archived PBC and post-mortem MBCs. In total, 169 spots from 17 PBCs and 895 spots from 195 MBCs were labeled for EpCAM by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Expression was scored as intensity (1-3) multiplied by percent membrane labeling (0-100%) and was subclassified as low (0-100), moderate (101-200), or high (201-300) labeling. PBCs exhibited exclusively low-moderate EpCAM labeling. EpCAM labeling was present in all metastases and was significantly increased in MBCs of 14 of 17 patients (P value range <0.05 to <0.0001, t test). In the remaining three patients, EpCAM labeling was nonsignificantly increased in 1 and unchanged in 2. High EpCAM labeling was verified using a different antibody for IHC, as well as in a separate series of surgically resected metastases compared to unmatched surgically resected primary breast cancers. In conclusion, EpCAM is highly expressed in MBCs compared to matched PBCs, verifying that it is a promising therapeutic target.
Technique for three-dimensional measurements of the time development of turbulent flames.

A three-dimensional imaging technique has been developed that permits the investigation of the time development of a scalar in turbulent reacting flows. An aerosol-seeded premixed flame was illuminated by four closely spaced parallel laser sheets of different wavelength. Lorenz–Mie scattering from the four illumination sheets was imaged onto an intensified two-dimensional charge-coupled-device array. Bandpass filters and a multi-image optical component in the collection optics allowed individual sheets to be imaged onto different areas of the charge-coupled-device array. A double-pulsed Nd:YAG laser was used in conjunction with a rotating mirror in the collection optics to enable instantaneous three-dimensional images to be obtained at two times separated by 100 μs.
Comparison Of Binary Joint Transform Correlators And Phase-Only Matched Filter Correlators

We compare the performances of the binary joint transform correlator, the continuous phase-only matched filter correlator, the binary phase-only matched filter correlator, and the classic correlator for a limited set of patterns. Areas of comparison are the correlation peak, autocorrelation peak to sidelobe ratio, autocorrelation width, and discrimination sensitivity. In these areas, it is shown that the performance of the binary joint transform correlator is similar to the phase-only matched filter correlator.
Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells and the Inflammatory Response

Cells of the vertebrate immune system are continuously regenerated by division of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) into differentiated effector cells. Classically, HSCs were thought to reside primarily in the bone marrow niche where they produced mature progeny that migrated from the marrow to repopulate the peripheral immune system. However, emerging evidence has established that hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are themselves mobile and able to repopulate ectopic niches and contribute more directly to inflammatory responses in the periphery. How the HSPCs remain immune to destruction in a toxic inflammatory milieu is unknown.
YAM (Dioscorea spp.) FLOUR FORTIFICATION WITH SOY FLOUR

Yam flour was fortified with soy flour, rehydrated to a doughy consistency, and tested for resistance to extrusion, color and panel preference. The food product was similar to pounded yam “fufu” which is popular in West Africa. The protein content was 1.25% (yam flour control) and 5 or 10% for yam-soy flour dry mixtures. Addition of soy flour reduced consistency and increased stickiness; however, lowering the proportion of water in samples containing soy flour, produced samples similar to the control. Soy flour made the samples darker, less red and more yellow. Students from West Africa evaluated samples for appearance-kinesthetic quality and eating quality. The panel did not prefer one sample over another. The mean score of all samples was slightly above “liked moderately.” Thus, this yam food may be fortified to 10% protein (dry wt basis) with soy flour without reducing palatability. In the rehydrated product as eaten, the percentage protein in the control was 0.31; in the 5% protein sample, 1.48; and in the 10% protein sample, 3.38.
Machine interference problem with warm spares, server vacations and exhaustive service

Abstract We consider the machine interference problem with warm spares in which the server takes a vacation of random duration every time the repair facility becomes empty. We address the cases of multiple vacations, single vacation and hybrid multiple/single vacation schemes with exhaustive service. Vacation models that have been studied in the past generally assume infinite population. In this paper, we provide new, transform free, closed form expressions for the probability distribution of the number of machines in the repair facility and the performance measures for machine interference problem with warm spares and server vacations. By adjusting the parameters, closed form expressions for machine interference problem with cold spares, machine interference problem without spares, finite capacity and infinite capacity vacation models can also be derived. An extremely powerful and efficient algorithm is presented to determine the steady state probability distribution of the number of customers in the system as well as the performance measures for all these models. An example is considered and some insight is also provided.
Custom ocular prosthesis with dilating pupil

The manually adjustable pupil has two diameters: one constricted, the other dilated. The patient may select the appropriate diameter for the existing light conditions by moving a small magnet over the surface of the prosthesis. In the discerning patient this prosthesis will eliminate the need for two separate prostheses, which are commonly provided today. Patient privacy and hygiene are maintained because the prosthesis need not be removed to alter pupil size.
Survival of Lake Trout Eggs and Fry Reared in Water from the Upper Great Lakes

As part of continuing studies of the reproductive failure of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in Lake Michigan, we measured the survival of lake trout eggs and fry of different origins and reared in different environments. Eggs and milt were stripped from spawning lake trout collected in the fall of 1980 from southeastern Lake Michigan, northwestern Lake Huron, south central Lake Superior, and from hatchery brood stock. Eggs from all sources were incubated, and the newly hatched fry were reared for 139 days in lake water from each of the three upper Great Lakes and in well water. Survival of eggs to hatching at all sites was lowest for those from Lake Michigan (70% of fertilized eggs) and highest for eggs from Lake Superior (96%). Comparisons of incubation water from the different lakes indicated that hatching success of eggs from all sources was highest in Lake Huron water, and lowest in Lake Michigan water. The most notable finding was the nearly total mortality of fry from eggs of southeastern Lake Michigan lake trout. At all sites, the mean survival of Lake Michigan fry through 139 days after hatching was only 4% compared to near 50% for fry from the other three sources. In a comparison of the rearing sites, little influence of water quality on fry survival was found. Thus, the poor survival was associated with the source of eggs and sperm, not the water in which the fry were reared.
Effect of photoregeneration on the calculation of the amount of rhodopsin bleached by small flashes

A sample of rhodopsin that is exposed to a series of small light flashes of equal intensity is expected to bleach in successively smaller decrements in proportion to the remaining unbleached rhodopsin. The exponential depletion law describing this effect has been used as a rapid, convenient, and intuitive method for determining the fraction of rhodopsin bleached per flash. This method is commonly assumed to be free of error provided the amount bleached is small, so that there is no significant photoregeneration. We show here, however, that if there is any photoregeneration, the bleach fraction calculated in this manner can be in error by a factor of two or more, no matter how little rhodopsin is bleached. This flaw occurs insidiously, without perturbing the expected exponentiality of the bleaching decrements, thereby escaping ready notice. The erroneous bleach values readily propagate as underestimates of metarhodopsin and accompanying G-protein equilibrium and kinetic constants. We derive equations for correcting such errors and illustrate how empirical constants can be obtained from experiments that permit the true fraction bleached to be determined.
Small-conductance Ca2+ -activated K+ channels and cardiac arrhythmias.

Small-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (SK, KCa2) channels are unique in that they are gated solely by changes in intracellular Ca2+ and, hence, function to integrate intracellular Ca2+ and membrane potentials on a beat-to-beat basis. Recent studies have provided evidence for the existence and functional significance of SK channels in the heart. Indeed, our knowledge of cardiac SK channels has been greatly expanded over the past decade. Interests in cardiac SK channels are further driven by recent studies suggesting the critical roles of SK channels in human atrial fibrillation, the SK channel as a possible novel therapeutic target in atrial arrhythmias, and upregulation of SK channels in heart failure in animal models and in human heart failure. However, there remain critical gaps in our knowledge. Specifically, blockade of SK channels in cardiac arrhythmias has been shown to be both antiarrhythmic and proarrhythmic. This contemporary review provides an overview of the literature on the role of cardiac SK channels in cardiac arrhythmias and serves as a discussion platform for the current clinical perspectives. At the translational level, development of SK channel blockers as a new therapeutic strategy in the treatment of atrial fibrillation and the possible proarrhythmic effects merit further considerations and investigations.
“You can do it!”: The role of parental encouragement of bravery in child anxiety treatment

Individual cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) provides anxious youth with skills and experiences to increase "brave" behavior in the face of feared situations. This study addresses whether parental encouragement of bravery during an anxiety provoking and potentially avoidable naturalistic speech task (a) differs between parents of youth (ages 9-13) with anxiety disorders (N=47) and parents of healthy non-anxious controls (N=20); (b) influences response to treatment; and (c) changes during treatment for anxious youth randomized to receive CBT (N=30) or Child-Centered Therapy (CCT; a non-directive active comparison treatment; N=17). Parent-child dyads were videotaped during a discussion of whether or not the child should complete an optional speech task. Parents of anxious youth showed less encouragement of bravery than parents of controls. Encouragement of bravery increased from pre- to post-treatment for youth who received CBT but not CCT, and pre-treatment encouragement of bravery predicted a better response to treatment, particularly for youth receiving CBT.
Polysomes, P bodies and Stress granules: States and Fates of Eukaryotic mRNAs

The control of translation and mRNA degradation plays a key role in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression. In the cytosol, mRNAs engaged in translation are distributed throughout the cytosol, while translationally inactive mRNAs can accumulate in P bodies, in complex with mRNA degradation and translation repression machinery, or in stress granules, which appear to be mRNAs stalled in translation initiation. Here we discuss how these different granules suggest a dynamic model for the metabolism of cytoplasmic mRNAs wherein they cycle between different mRNP states with different functional properties and subcellular locations.
Distribution and Hosts of Eucosma sonomana in the Western United States as Determined by Trapping with Synthetic Sex Attractants

Adult males of western pine shoot borer, Eucosma sonomana Kearfott, were captured by traps baited with (Z)-9-dodecenyl acetate and a 50:50 mixture of Z-9 with the E-9 isomer in most parts of the range of Pinus ponderosa Lawson and P. contorta Douglas in the Western United States. This insect was also trapped in pure stands of P. jeffreyi Greville and Balfour, P. attenuata Lemmon, and P. radiata D. Don. Relative responses of males to a wide variety of isomer blends were similar in Colorado, Montana, and Washington, with a 70:30 mixture the most attractive in each test.
3D endobronchial ultrasound reconstruction and analysis for multimodal image-guided bronchoscopy

State-of-the-art image-guided intervention (IGI) systems for lung-cancer management draw upon high-resolution three-dimensional multi-detector computed-tomography (MDCT) images and bronchoscopic video. An MDCT scan provides a high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) image of the chest that is used for preoperative procedure planning, while bronchoscopy gives live intraoperative video of the endobronchial airway tree structure. However, because neither source provides live extraluminal information on suspect nodules or lymph nodes, endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) is often introduced during a procedure. Unfortunately, existing IGI systems provide no direct synergistic linkage between the MDCT/video data and EBUS data. Hence, EBUS proves difficult to use and can lead to inaccurate interpretations. To address this drawback, we present a prototype of a multimodal IGI system that brings together the various image sources. The system enables 3D reconstruction and visualization of structures depicted in the 2D EBUS video stream. It also provides a set of graphical tools that link the EBUS data directly to the 3D MDCT and bronchoscopic video. Results using phantom and human data indicate that the new system could potentially enable smooth natural incorporation of EBUS into the system-level work flow of bronchoscopy.
Effects of Host Plants and Feeding Regimes on Selected Life History Characteristics of Podisus maculiventris (Say) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)

Abstract Effects of two different plants, potato, Solanum tuberosum L., and tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., and feeding regimes on selected life history characteristics of the predator Podisus maculiventris (Say) were investigated. Prey were third instar Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say). Without access to prey, survivorship was initially higher for P. maculiventris provided either potato or tomato plants than for predators provided only water. However, no major difference in survivorship was detected after the 35th day of life. Predators provided only plants lived up to 50 days, and predators provided only water lived up to 60 days. Predators provided either plants or water lost weight initially but then maintained a low weight throughout the remainder of their lives. In contrast, P. maculiventris having no access to plants or water lost weight continually until death. When feeding on relatively few L. decemlineata, P. maculiventris maintained longevity but decreased reproduction. As the time between feedings of prey to predators increased, P. maculiventris laid fewer eggs, had lower body weights, and laid eggs later in life than those predators feeding on prey more frequently. These results support the concept of a trade-off between longevity and reproduction when P. maculiventris feeds on relatively few prey. This trade-off is not affected by the host plant upon which prey were reared. A tradeoff between longevity and reproduction is consistent with previous studies with P. maculiventris and may help to explain how this predator and others like it can maintain populations in fields where prey are not readily available.
A NATIONWIDE SURVEY OF PROGRAMS FOR CHILDREN OF DIVORCING AND SEPARATING PARENTS

This article surveys programs for children of separation and divorce throughout the United States. It provides an overview of their development and discusses some of the research which has been performed to measure the efficacy of them. It focuses on some specific programs, and it provides information about the types of programs which are available in each state. Finally, it provides insights into the next steps for such efforts.
Direct determination of the relaxation-time of electrons using Alfvén-waves

It is shown that the absorption coefficient of weakly-damped Alfven-waves exhibits standing wave oscillations, amplitude of which grows exponentially in an increasing magnetic field. Measurements of the power absorption as a function of magnetic field are used to make a direct determination of the relaxation-time of the charge-carriers in single crystals of bismuth.
Process development and production of cGMP grade Melan-A for cancer vaccine clinical trials.

Abstract Melan-A is a cancer testis antigen commonly found in melanoma, and has been shown to stimulate the body’s immune response against cancerous cells. We have developed and executed a process utilizing current good manufacturing practices (cGMP) to produce the 6 times-His tagged protein in C41DE3 Escherichia coli for use in Phase I clinical trials. Approximately 11 g of purified Melan-A were produced from a 20 L fed-batch fermentation. Purification was achieved through a three column process utilizing immobilized metal affinity, anion exchange, and cation exchange chromatography with a buffer system optimized for low-solubility, high LPS binding capacity proteins. The host cell proteins, residual DNA, and endotoxin concentration were well below limits for a prescribed dose with a final purity level of 91%.
MOBBED: a computational data infrastructure for handling large collections of event-rich time series datasets in MATLAB.

Experiments to monitor human brain activity during active behavior record a variety of modalities (e.g., EEG, eye tracking, motion capture, respiration monitoring) and capture a complex environmental context leading to large, event-rich time series datasets. The considerable variability of responses within and among subjects in more realistic behavioral scenarios requires experiments to assess many more subjects over longer periods of time. This explosion of data requires better computational infrastructure to more systematically explore and process these collections. MOBBED is a lightweight, easy-to-use, extensible toolkit that allows users to incorporate a computational database into their normal MATLAB workflow. Although capable of storing quite general types of annotated data, MOBBED is particularly oriented to multichannel time series such as EEG that have event streams overlaid with sensor data. MOBBED directly supports access to individual events, data frames and time-stamped feature vectors, allowing users to ask questions such as what types of events or features co-occur under various experimental conditions. A database provides several advantages not available to users who process one dataset at a time from the local file system. In addition to archiving primary data in a central place to save space and avoid inconsistencies, such a database allows users to manage, search, and retrieve events across multiple datasets without reading the entire dataset. The database also provides infrastructure for handling more complex event patterns that include environmental and contextual conditions. The database can also be used as a cache for expensive intermediate results that are reused in such activities as cross-validation of machine learning algorithms. MOBBED is implemented over PostgreSQL, a widely used open source database, and is freely available under the GNU general public license at http://visual.cs.utsa.edu/mobbed.
Detection of malicious attack in MANET a behavioral approach

Topology of MANET is dynamic in nature due to this characteristic in this network build routing mechanism more convoluted and anxious and consequently nodes are more vulnerable to compromise and are predominantly susceptible to denial of service attack (DoS) assail launched by malicious nodes or intruders [6].Reactive routing for instance AODV is more trendy than table driven routing exploit flooding to find out route. Attackers used this conception to initiate DoS attack akin to flooding; black hole and gray hole are the branded attack in MANET. In this paper we have projected a novel automatic security mechanism using SVM to defense against malicious attack occurring in AODV. Proposed method uses machine learning to categorize nodes as malicious. This system is far further resilient to the context changes general in MANET's, such as those due to malicious nodes changing their misbehavior patterns over time or quick changes in environmental factors, for instance the movement speed and communication range. This paper introduced new proposed algorithm for detection of attacks in Ad-hoc networks based on SVM behavioral routing protocols to detect MANET attacks. In this technique we have used the PMOR, PDER, and PMISR as metrics to evaluate the QoS of a link and into prediction of attacks.
Determining Teacher Candidates’ Attitudes Toward Global-Mindedness

In a world characterized by interconnectedness and interdependence, it is essential that teachers are able to effectively teach with a global perspective. To that end, it is necessary for teacher education programs to understand how students view the world around them to be able to best prepare them to teach with this global teaching perspective. This study examines the global-mindedness of introductory-level teacher education candidates at a research university in the southeastern United States. The Global-mindedness Scale was used to survey 337 participants at the beginning of their first course related to education. Findings indicate that participants were moderately globally minded; however, participants took a neutral stance on more than one third of survey items suggesting a high-level of lack of awareness or indifference. Participants were particularly indifferent on items related to interconnectedness and globalcentrism. Additionally, we found participant responses varied according to some demogra...
Optimality of a direct adaptive controller in the presence of model mismatch and bounded disturbances

In this paper we consider an adaptive controller with vanishing gain and excitation of the reference signal. We use the burst recovery concept to show that all signals in the adaptive loop remain uniformly bounded. We also show that the mean-square performance converges so that the adaptive system is optimal in the sense that the parameter estimation error and the one-step ahead prediction error are uncorrelated in the mean despite the presence of the unmodeled dynamics.
Clinical and experimental characteristics of hypothetically psychosis prone college students

The study of individuals at the boundaries of schizophrenia has historically involved genetic relatives of schizophrenia patients or individuals who meet criteria for schizotypal personality disorder (SPD). Recently, many investigators have turned to the use of psychometric scales, developed to measure psychotic traits or vulnerability to developing schizophrenia, to screen large populations of college students in order to identify individuals who are "psychosis prone" or "schizotypal". To help answer the question of whether students identified with psychometric scales are indeed psychosis prone, we screened 1115 college students with the Perceptual Aberration/ Magical Ideation (PerMag) and Physical Anhedonia (PhysAn) Scales. Individuals who scored 2 standard deviations (SD) above the mean on the scales were selected as experimental subjects (N = 13 PerMag, N = 10 PhysAn) and a subpopulation of matched subjects who scored less than 0.5 SD above the mean were selected as control subjects (N = 24). All subjects then received a full battery of tests, including structured clinical interviews, the MMPI, and psychophysiological measures of information processing, including prepulse inhibition and habituation of the human startle response, visual backward masking and reaction time measures. The results suggest that the PerMag scale, but not the PhysAn scale, identifies individuals with some psychotic, affective and anxiety symptoms when compared to the controls. Neither scale predicts a diagnosis of schizotypal personality disorder or deficits on measures of information processing that characterize schizophrenia or schizotypal personality disordered patients.
Cholesterol release from Ehrlich ascites cells.

Abstract Ehrlich ascites cells, when treated with a variety of surface active agents, show alterations of the cell membrane manifested by increased uptake of vital dyes. The dye uptake is paralleled by release of cholesterol by the cells.
An Analysis Using the Zaks-Skula Constant of Element Factorizations in Dedekind Domains

Abstract Let D be a Dedekind domain with finite class group G . Let α be a nonzero nonunit of D and suppose β 1 , ..., β s , γ 1 , ..., γ t are irreducibles of D such that α = β 1 ··· β s = γ 1 ··· γ t . Two recent papers (J. Steffan, 1986, J. Algebra 102, 229-236; R. J. Valenza, 1990, J. Number Theory 38, 212-218) have studied the quotient s / t and both conclude that given D there exists a smallest real number ρ( D ) such that s / t ≤ ρ( D ). While it is easy to show that ρ( D ) ≤ | G |/2, we use the Zaks-Skula constant to find a sharper upper bound on ρ( D ). We then use this upper bound to explore the behavior of the Φ -function, which counts the number of different lengths of certain products, on two specific classes of Dedekind domains.
Strength development at low temperatures in coal ash deposits

At temperatures below approximately 1900°F, ash particles formed in coal-fired energy systems are relatively hard and not prone to sticking to system surfaces. However, if the ash collects on a surface not exposed to a shearing gas flow such as the downstream side of a heat exchanger or the surface of a hot-gas filter, the deposit can develop enough strength over a period of minutes to days so that it becomes difficult to remove, in some cases growing to sizes that impede the flow of gas. This paper presents data from ongoing measurements of the significance of ash and gas composition, deposit temperature, and time on the rates of strength development in simulated low-temperature ash deposits. Preliminary results of surface composition and particle-size distribution analyses of the ash, including submicron material, are also presented to explain the possible mechanisms of strength development.
Service Augmentation for High End Interactive Data Services

Advances in computational science, combined with the increasingly interdisciplinary and geographically distributed research teams, have led to a need to support multi-tiered, data- and meta-data-rich collaboration infrastructures. Our research addresses the interactive, remote tasks undertaken in such collaborations, which require a flexible software infrastructure able to dynamically deploy services where and when needed, and to provide data to clients in the forms in which they require it with suitable levels of end-to-end performance. The concept of service augmentation advanced in this paper seeks to continuously adjust the differences or degrees of incompatibility between the data received and the data displayed or stored by clients. Difference adjustments occur anywhere on the paths between data providers and clients, and compatibility computations leverage all of the resources that may be brought to bear, including CPUs and GPUs on servers and additional data manipulations on server, overlay, and client nodes. A formal structure and experimental evaluations of this concept are performed with the SmartPointer scientific visualization and annotation framework, for which we show that data-driven SLAs provide improved client flexibility and the ability to maintain application-specific notions of quality of service
Trapping effects in the organic semiconductor triphenylene

Abstract The trapping spectrum of pure and doped triphenylene has been explored. Photocurrent vs. intensity dependences previously obtained are found to be due to traps detected by double beam illumination. These traps cover a range from 1.1 eV to 1.5 eV above the valence band of triphenylene. The trap densities are determined to be of the order of 10 14 /cm 3 from the optical and thermal release time of the trapped carriers. A second set of traps is found by the observations of space charge limited photocurrents. The data indicate that the trap density is greater than 10 15 /cm 3 . Estimates locate the trapping level within 0.8 eV of the valence band. Finally, a photoconduction peak is observed at low temperatures at 4750 A near the singlettriplet separation. This peak is shown to be extrinsic and is not associated with the triplet state in photoconductivity. The above-mentioned centers are found to be independent of the dopant.
Identification of a urate transporter, ABCG2, with a common functional polymorphism causing gout

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have successfully identified common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with a wide variety of complex diseases, but do not address gene function or establish causality of disease-associated SNPs. We recently used GWAS to identify SNPs in a genomic region on chromosome 4 that associate with serum urate levels and gout, a consequence of elevated urate levels. Here we show using functional assays that human ATP-binding cassette, subfamily G, 2 (ABCG2), encoded by the ABCG2 gene contained in this region, is a hitherto unknown urate efflux transporter. We further show that native ABCG2 is located in the brush border membrane of kidney proximal tubule cells, where it mediates renal urate secretion. Introduction of the mutation Q141K encoded by the common SNP rs2231142 by site-directed mutagenesis resulted in 53% reduced urate transport rates compared to wild-type ABCG2 (P < 0.001). Data from a population-based study of 14,783 individuals support rs2231142 as the causal variant in the region and show highly significant associations with urate levels [whites: P = 10(-30), minor allele frequency (MAF) 0.11; blacks P = 10(-4), MAF 0.03] and gout (adjusted odds ratio 1.68 per risk allele, both races). Our data indicate that at least 10% of all gout cases in whites are attributable to this causal variant. With approximately 3 million US individuals suffering from often insufficiently treated gout, ABCG2 represents an attractive drug target. Our study completes the chain of evidence from association to causation and supports the common disease-common variant hypothesis in the etiology of gout.
CONGRUENCES FOR THE COEFFICIENTS OF WEAKLY HOLOMORPHIC MODULAR FORMS

Recent works have used the theory of modular forms to establish linear congruences for the partition function and for traces of singular moduli. We show that this type of phenomenon is completely general, by finding similar congruences for the coefficients of any weakly holomorphic modular form on any congruence subgroup $\Gamma_0 (N)$. In particular, we give congruences for a wide class of partition functions and for traces of CM values of arbitrary modular functions on certain congruence subgroups of prime level.
Early Approaches to Brain Tumors

THIS SELECTION OF contemporary quotations illustrates the controversial mixture of skepticism and optimism at the birth of neurosurgery, which was sired by neurology's branching out soon after its own inception as a specialty.
Mediastinal germinoma.A study of 21 cases with an excellent prognosis

Twenty unpublished cases and one previously published case of mediastinal germinoma are analyzed. All the patients were males with a mean age of 29.8 years. None had testicular disease at any time. The pathologic criteria for the diagnosis are discussed and illustrated. The patients were treated with surgery or radiation therapy or a combination of both. Irrespective of the therapy, all the patients with follow-up information (81%) are alive and free of disease after a mean follow-up time of 6 years. Therapeutic and diagnostic recommendations are made.
The NTF2 Gene Encodes an Essential, Highly Conserved Protein That Functions in Nuclear Transport in Vivo

The small protein p10/Ntf2p has been implicated in protein import in vitro (Moore, M. S., and Blobel, G. (1994) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 91, 10212-10216; Paschal, B. M., and Gerace, L. (1995) J. Cell Biol. 129, 925-937). Here we present the first evidence that demonstrates an essential in vivo role for the NTF2 gene product in nuclear transport. The NTF2 locus was identified in a screen for temperature-sensitive Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants defective in the localization of nuclear proteins. Genetic analysis demonstrates that the NTF2 gene is essential for viability in budding yeast. Two temperature-sensitive mutants, ntf2-1 and ntf2-2, that each contain single point mutations in highly conserved amino acid residues show defects in the localization of nuclear proteins but not in the export of poly(A)+ RNA following a shift to the nonpermissive temperature. An epitope-tagged version of Ntf2p was used to show that the protein is concentrated at the nuclear envelope. Finally, the human gene under the control of the yeast promoter fully substitutes for the deleted yeast gene. Taken together, these results demonstrate the exquisite functional conservation of this protein throughout evolution and indicate a critical in vivo role in nuclear transport.
The Solitary Pulmonary Nodule: Update 1995

PURPOSE This study analyzed the clinical characteristics, diagnostic evaluation, prevalence of malignancy, and outcome of patients with a solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN) encountered in the outpatient practice of a pulmonologist in an urban university hospital from 1990 to 1993. PATIENTS AND METHODS SPN was defined as a round or ovoid density < or = 3 cm in diameter within the lung parenchyma. Patients with and without lung cancer in SPNs were compared. RESULTS Forty patients had a mean age of 65 years, an almost equal sex distribution, high prevalences of cardiovascular disease (53%) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (33%), but a low incidence of tuberculosis. The mean size of SPNs was 1.8 cm. The prevalence of malignancy was 53%. In SPNs < or = 2 cm in diameter, the prevalence of malignancy was 43%. Nonsurgical biopsy techniques made a diagnosis in 78% of patients. In 94% of patients with lung cancer in SPNs, the tumor was resectable (stage 1, 2, or 3A), emphasizing the need for early detection. Despite the small size of the SPNs, the prevalence of malignancy was high. CONCLUSION Despite the advanced age and high prevalence of cardiovascular disease and COPD in patients with SPNs, lung cancer that occurs in these lesions appears to have a favorable prognosis if detected promptly.
High Speed Device Testing And Internal Node Diagnostics

The performance of micron and submicron devices and chips for the coming decade is advancing at a rapid pace. The requirements to test these ultrafast, small, and dense circuits give rise to great challenges for high speed testing. Methodology to meet these challenges and yet unsolved forthcoming problems are discussed.
On Passivity of a Class of Discrete-Time Switched Nonlinear Systems

This paper analyzes the passivity and feedback passivity of discrete-time-switched nonlinear systems with passive and nonpassive modes that are affine in the control input. When a nonpassive mode is active, the increase in storage function is not necessarily bounded by the energy supplied to the switched system at every time step. Therefore, a switched system with at least one nonpassive mode is defined to be nonpassive in the classical passivity theory. In this paper, we propose a framework to analyze the passivity of such switched systems in a more general sense. We consider switched nonlinear systems which are affine in the control input and may consist of passive, feedback passive modes, and modes which cannot be rendered passive using feedback. In the proposed framework, we prove that a switched nonlinear system is locally feedback passive if and only if its zero dynamics are locally passive. A lower bound on the ratio of total activation time between (feedback) passive and nonfeedback passive modes is obtained to guarantee passive zero dynamics. Finally, we prove that two important properties of classical passivity still hold for the proposed passivity definition, that is: 1) output feedback control can be used to stabilize the switched system, and 2) parallel and negative feedback interconnections of two such passive systems are also passive.
Simple, rapid determination of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in bovine milk and plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection.

Abstract A rapid and simple procedure for determination of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in bovine milk and plasma is described. Protein precipitation from both milk and plasma samples was achieved by addition of acetonitrile and phosphoric acid. Acetonitrile was removed with methylene chloride, leaving enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in the acidic aqueous extract. The aqueous extract was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection. The limit of quantitation (LOQ) for enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in milk was found to be 2 ng/ml. LOQ for enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in plasma was found to be 1 ng/ml. Linear calibration curves were obtained with correlation coefficient (r2) ≥0.99. Analysis of quality control (QC) samples gave results within ±10% of the nominal values. Inter-assay precision for the analysis of milk QC samples were in the ranges: 4.63–12.49% (for enrofloxacin) and 4.67–9.86% (for ciprofloxacin). Inter-assay precision for the analysis of plasma QC samples were in the ranges: 6.60–17.31% (for enrofloxacin) and 6.14–13.87% (for ciprofloxacin). Intra-assay precision for the analysis of milk QC samples were in the following ranges: 3.65–7.21% (for enrofloxacin) and 1.58–14.28% (for ciprofloxacin). Intra-assay precision for the analysis of plasma QC samples were in the following ranges: 2.17–16.95% (for enrofloxacin) and 3.31–16.31% (for ciprofloxacin). The effectiveness of protein precipitants other than phosphoric acid was investigated. The method described has been applied to a study of the pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in lactating dairy cows and beef steers.
Cobaltothiocyanate colorimetric analysis for homologous polyoxyethylated alkyl amides

Cobaltothiocyanate colorimetry has been used for quantitative analysis of polyethoxylates in biodegradation and environmental studies. Usually, the calibration parameters (slope and intercept of a calibration line) for the cobaltothiocyanate colorimetry are dependent on ethylene oxide chain length. To make the colorimetric method useful for polyoxyethylated surfactant mixtures, where the average chain length is polydispersed, a condition was found yielding parameters independent of chain length in a homologous series of polyethoxylates within a limited chain length range. The dependency can be correlated to the thermodynamics of the ethylene oxide-cobaltothiocyanate complexation and the solvent extraction.