cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Revisioning social work clinical education: Recent developments in relation to evidence-based practice

An evidence-based practice (EBP) movement is underway in social work that promises to change the very nature and methods of clinical education and practice. Growing demands for accountability, increasingly sophisticated clients, heightened threats of malpractice liability, and a host of additional factors arising within and external to the profession have contributed to the growth of EBP. This review examines indices of the growing influence of EBP, reasons for the emergence of EBP, misgivings about and potentially positive features of EBP, and examines one school of social work's efforts to implement an evidence-based clinical practice curriculum. It is important that clinicians be aware of current developments in relation to evidence-based clinical education and practice as these will likely significantly shape the face of social work direct practice in the coming years.
The impact of just-in-time practices on new product development: a managerial perspective

The focus of this article is to show that the principles of just-in-time (JIT) in manufacturing can also be used to improve new product development using simultaneous engineering (NPDSE) process. Five hypotheses regarding the relationships between JIT and NPDSE were developed and tested using survey data from a sample of 500 manufacturing organisations in Midwestern United States. The survey data strongly support the hypotheses that successful JIT organisations will design new products with fewer design changes, less development time, better competency, less development cost and less manufacturing cost. The p-value for all tests is less than 0.0005. Statistical results also indicate that successful JIT manufacturing organisations are able to develop new products with 67% fewer design changes, 61% less development time, 74% more frequency, 45% less development cost and 36% less manufacturing cost.
The structure of common and uncommon mental disorders.

BackgroundCo-morbidity patterns in epidemiological studies of mental illness consistently demonstrate that a latent internalizing factor accounts for co-morbidity patterns among unipolar mood and anxiety disorders, whereas a latent externalizing factor underlies the covariation of substance-use disorders and antisocial behaviors. However, this structure needs to be extended to include a broader range of disorders.MethodExploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to examine the structure of co-morbidity using data from the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiological Surveys (n = 16 233).ResultsIn the best-fitting model, eating and bipolar disorders formed subfactors within internalizing, impulse control disorders were indicators of externalizing, and factor-analytically derived personality disorder scales split between internalizing and externalizing.ConclusionsThis was the first large-scale nationally representative study that has included uncommon mental disorders with sufficient power to examine their fit within a structural model of psychopathology. The results of this study have important implications for conceptualizing myriad mental disorders.
Ensuring Equality of Educational Opportunity in the Digital Age

As the quintessential right-to-education case, Brown v. Board of Education, Topeka, (1954) addressed equality of educational opportunity for all students regardless of race. Recently, the term digital divide has been used primarily to highlight inequities between various social groups with respect to acquiring computers and accessing the Internet. Given how use of these technologies has permeatedour society, including our nation’s schools, all relevant aspects of the digital divide must be addressed if the spirit of Brown is to be realized. Hence, in this article, the multidimensional meaning of the term digital divide is discussed, as are (a) the effect of this phenomenon as it relates to equality of educational opportunity for all students and (b) ways to address it.
Conversion of l-tyrosine to phenol by Clostridium tetanomorphum

Abstract Clostridium tetanomorphum rapidly converst tyrosine-C 14 to phenol in whole cells and in cell-free extracts. An enzyme catalyzing the reaction was purified 90-fold from C. tetanomorphum and the characteristics of the reaction were examined.
Purification and Partial Characterization of Bacillus subtilis Flagellar Hooks

A method for preparing bacterial flagellar hook structures is described. The method involves isolating intact flagella from a mutant which makes thermally labile flagellar filaments and heat-treating them to disaggregate the filament preferentially. The resulting hook preparation can be separated and purified by velocity and isopycnic centrifugation. The purified hooks sediment at a relative S value of 77. On acrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate, they show one major and a number of minor protein bands. The purified hooks can be used to immunize rabbits, and the resulting antiserum is hook-specific. These results support the notion that hooks are composed of a protein that differs from flagellin.
The Language of Hope: Therapeutic Intent in Stem-Cell Clinical Trials

Electronic registries for clinical trials present an opportunity for miscommunication of benefits and risks to potential subjects. We explored early phase clinical trials registered on the National Library of Medicine's ClinicalTrials.gov for inappropriate language patterns (terms and statements) that could convey therapeutic intent. We sampled early-phase heart disease clinical trial records involving stem cells registered on Clincaltrials.gov between April 24, 2004, and September 18, 2008, and randomly selected heart disease drug trials from the same period for comparison. Trial sponsorship and location were coded. Textual data were extracted from titles, purpose, outcome measures, and detailed description statements and coded for readability and the presence of therapeutic language. Content and multiple correspondence analyses were employed to explore language patterns suggestive of therapeutic intent. We found statistically significant differences in therapeutic language use between stem cell (n = 72,...
Bacterial sporulation as a modified procaryotic cell division.

This article reviews the idea that the bacterial spore is a small cell, formed by an asymmetric cell division and enveloped by the larger sister cell. Both processes seem to be morphological expressions of unbalanced growth resulting from shift down growth conditions.
Urban Impacts on River Shoreline Microbiological Pollution

Impacts of urban sources on fecal bacterial pollution of the near-shore zone of the St. Marys River in Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, were studied during the period from June to November, 1991. For this purpose, water samples collected from 11 river sites and from five fecal pollution sources were analyzed for coliphage, Escherichia coli, fecal coliforms, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Observed microorganism densities were used to assess the levels of fecal bacterial pollution in relation to bacterial sources and the compliance with the recreational water quality guidelines. Almost the entire reach of the river studied exhibited very good bacteriological water quality with low fecal bacterial concentrations and high probabilities (generally greater than 90%) of compliance with the recreational water quality guideline taken as 100 E. coli/7 00 mL.
The VideoMouse: a camera-based multi-degree-of-freedom input device

The VideoMouse is a mouse that uses a camera as its input sensor. A real-time vision algorithm determines the six degree-of-freedom mouse posture, consisting of 2D motion, tilt in the forward/back and left/right axes, rotation of the mouse about its vertical axis, and some limited height sensing. Thus, a familiar 2D device can be extended for three-dimensional manipulation, while remaining suitable for standard 2D GUI tasks. We describe techniques for mouse functionality, 3D manipulation, navigating large 2D spaces, and using the camera for lightweight scanning tasks.
The influence of the wording of interrogatives on the accuracy of eyewitness recollections

Previous research has demonstrated that the content of eyewitness recollections is affected by suggestions conveyed during questioning. For the present study, we took advantage of an unexpected occurrence in order to assess the extent to which these reported effects generalize from the recall of specific events viewed under controlled conditions to the recollection of personal characteristics observed naturalistically. After two weeks of teaching, a sudden disability made it impossible for an instructor to meet his classes; students were then questioned about his appearance by a replacement instructor. Questions were phrased either with an indefinite article or with a possessive pronoun which conveyed a false presupposition that the instructor possessed certain personal attributes. More incorrect and uncertain recollections were reported in response to questions containing false presuppositions than to questions phrased with an indefinite article. The results support and extend the existing literature on the suggestibility that characterizes eyewitness testimony.
The Capture and Loss of Electrons by Fission Fragments

We calculate the effective charge of fission fragments passing through a low pressure gas. We first compute, on a classical basis, the cross section for capture of an electron by a fission fragment of relatively arbitrary charge and velocity. We then develop a rough theory which gives the cross section for loss of an electron through interaction with a gas atom. From these two cross sections we readily obtain the effective charge. The effective charge of a fragment will increase with the pressure of the substance through which it passes. We note the probable importance of anomalous effects in hydrogen and helium. We find general agreement between theoretical predictions and experimental results.
Power optimization of a finite-time Carnot heat engine

Abstract The power output of a simple, finite-time Carnot heat engine is studied. The model adopted is a reversible Carnot cycle coupled to a heat source and a heat sink by heat transfer. Both the heat source and the heat sink have finite heat-capacity rates. A mathematical expression is derived for the power output of the irreversible heat engine. The maximum power output is found. The maximum bound provides the basis for designing a real heat engine and for a performance comparison with existing power plants.
Acoustic Energy Estimates in Inhomogeneous Moving Media

This presentation will include a survey of current results regarding acoustic energy and preliminary results on the symmetries of the Lagrangian. (M. E. Taylor, Partial Differential Euqations III: Non-linear Equations, Springer-Verlag, 1996)
The identification of industrial processes

This paper gives a brief survey of existing methods for identifying industrial processes, and examines in rather more detail the outstanding problem of identifying multivariable processes. A canonical form for multivariable parameter estimation is proposed.
A synthetic peptide that is a bombesin receptor antagonist

The tetradecapeptide bombesin was originally isolated from frog skin. Bombesin-like peptides have since been detected in mammalian gastrointestinal tract, brain and lung. These peptides have potent pharmacological effects on the central nervous system; they cause contraction of intestinal, uterine and urinary tract smooth muscle; and stimulate the release of other peptides including gastrin, cholecystokinin, motilin, pancreatic polypeptide, neurotensin, insulin, enteroglucagon, prolactin and growth hormone. Specific plasma membrane receptors for bombesin have been demonstrated on pancreatic acinar cells, brain membranes and pituitary cells. Studies defining the physiological importance of bombesin have been impeded by the lack of a bombesin receptor antagonist. Here we describe experiments which demonstrate that a peptide originally described as a substance P receptor antagonist, [D-Arg, D-Pro, D-Trp, Leu ]substance P, is also a bombesin receptor antagonist. This peptide competitively inhibits the ability of bombesin to stimulate enzyme secretion from dispersed pancreatic acini, and also inhibits the action of other peptides that interact with the bombesin receptor.
Two unique human leukemic T-cell lines endowed with a stable cytotoxic function and a different spectrum of target reactivity analysis and modulation of their lytic mechanisms

We have reported the establishment of two interleukin (IL)-2-dependent human leukemic cell lines (TALL-103/2 [CD3+TCRγδ +] and TALL-104 [CD3+TCRαβ +]) which display major histocompatibility complex nonrestricted tumoricidal activity. Whereas TALL-103/2 cells lyse only natural killer cell-susceptible targets, TALL-104 cells display a broad range of tumor target reactivity. In reverse antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), lysis by both cell lines is triggered by monoclonal antibodies (mAb) recognizing CD3 and, to a lesser extent, CD2, but not CD8 or CD56 antigens. In conventional cytotoxic assays, the lytic activity of both cell lines is strictly Ca2+-dependent. In reverse ADCC, lysis by TALL-103/2 cells is highly dependent on the presence of Ca2+, whereas TALL-104 cells seem to only partially require extracellular Ca2+. The cytoplasm of both cell lines contains azurophilic granules typical of cytotoxic cells. Northern blot analysis demonstrates mRNA expression of pore-forming protein (PFP; perforin) and serine esterases (SE). The magnitude of expression of these transcripts and of lytic activity depends on the doses of IL-2. Upon deprivation of IL-2, TALL-103/2 cells completely lose cytotoxic granules and function within 16 h, whereas TALL-104 cells progressively lose expression of PFP and SE mRNA, as well as killer activity, within 4 wk. Both anti-CD3 mAb and lysable target cells induce efficient BLT-esterase secretion from TALL-103/2 and TALL-104 cells analogous to findings with conventional cytotoxic T lymphocytes. The stable expression of tumoricidal activity over 2 yr in culture renders these cell lines unique and very useful for studies on the regulation of cell-mediated lysis in vitro and in animal models.
IDENTIFYING THE TIME OF A STEP-CHANGE IN THE PROCESS FRACTION NONCONFORMING

Although a control chart's signal indicates that a process has changed, it does not indicate when the change began. An estimator of the time of a step-change in the process fraction nonconforming is proposed to help process engineers identify the re..
The lymphotoxin promoter is stimulated by HTLV-I tax activation of NF-κB in human T-cell lines

Abstract The HTLV-I transcriptional activator tax was used to gain insight into the mechanism of lymphotoxin (LT; TNF-β) gene induction. Tax-expressing cell lines produce LT biologic activity. An LT promoter (LT-293) CAT construct that contained an NF-κB site was active in the LT-producing C81-66-45 cell line, which contains defective HTLV-I but expresses tax. The observation that a mutated LT-κB construct (M1-CAT) was inactive in C81-66-45, confirmed the importance of NF-κB in LT gene expression. Tax was transfected into HTLV-I-negative human T-cell lines. Jurkat T cells stably expressing tax contained elevated levels of NF-κB that directly bound to the LT-κB site. Tax co-transfected with reporter constructs into Jurkat cells maximally activated HTLV-I-LTR-CAT and κB-fos-CAT and also activated LT-293 to a lesser extent. In JM T cells, tax induced LT-293 activity by two- to four-fold, though there was no induction of MI-CAT. The increase in LT-293 CAT activity mirrored the increase in LT biologic activity seen under these conditions. These studies, the first to demonstrate induction of LT promoter activity over basal levels, indicate that HTLV-I tax causes low-level activation of both endogenous LT and the LT promoter, at least in part through activation of NF-κB.
Societal sanctioning—the pharmacist's tarnished image

Abstract An analysis of the pharmacist's lack of social acceptance as a true professional is presented. It is suggested that retail pharmacists are generally alienated from a professional orientation due in part to training received, the structure of interpersonal relationships in the pharmacy, economics, restrictive governmental laws, lack of ego-autonomy, and professional organizations. Suggestions are made as to how to promote the emergence of pharmacy as a profession.
Explosion of water droplets.

We use self-similarity to describe the motion of vapor emanating from a water droplet that has been exploded by a short pulse from a high energy laser. This approach allows us to obtain a qualitative description of the experiment of Kafalas and Herrmann.
George Whitefield: Dramatic evangelist

(1933). George Whitefield: Dramatic evangelist. Quarterly Journal of Speech: Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 165-175.
Applications of Molecular Theory of Sum-Frequency Generations To Study Molecular Chirality †

Theoretical expressions for sum-frequency generation (SFG) signals, which can be applied to treat various SFG experiments, have been derived. We have applied the theoretical results to study the SF...
Chinese telecommunications on the threshold of convergence: Contexts, possibilities, and limitations of forging a domestic demand-based growth model

Offering a historical analysis of the interconnections between China's telecom policies and industrial development over the past three decades, this paper examines what has recently changed since the promulgation of a domestic-based economic growth model. It argues that the ambitious 3G network buildup underpins the state's broader industrial policy to build Chinese competencies in telecommunications manufacturing-through the creation and leveraging of domestic demand. Some progress has been achieved in expanding market share and in re-organizing the supply chain across the network equipment, handset, and wireless applications markets, but these policies have yet to fully transform China's position in global competition.
SKEWNESS AND KURTOSIS IN S&P 500 INDEX RETURNS IMPLIED BY OPTION PRICES

The Black-Scholes (1973) model frequently misprices deep-in-the-money and deep-out-of-the-money options. Practitioners popularly refer to these strike price biases as volatility smiles. In this paper we examine a method to extend the Black-Scholes model to account for biases induced by nonnormal skewness and kurtosis in stock return distributions. The method adapts a Gram-Charlier series expansion of the normal density function to provide skewness and kurtosis adjustment terms for the Black-Scholes formula. Using this method, we estimate option-implied coefficients of skewness and kurtosis in S&P 500 stock index returns. We find significant nonnormal skewness and kurtosis implied by option prices.
Effect of elastic properties of material composition on the fracture response of transversely graded ceramic/metal material

Abstract The effect of material composition and their elastic properties on the fracture behavior of a transversely graded material is investigated. A single edge notched specimen machined from Ti/TiB graded material with a crack perpendicular to the gradient direction is subjected to three-point bending and the displacement fields on both faces of the sample, Ti and TiB-rich, are obtained using full-field 3D digital image correlation. These displacement fields, along with the asymptotic displacement equation, are used to extract fracture parameters using an overdeterministic least square approach. The displacement fields from a 3D finite element model are also used to calculate the stress intensity factor at each layer throughout the thickness. The variation of stress intensity factor in the gradient (thickness) direction is presented as a function of the elastic modulus of the material. A simple semi-empirical model is also proposed to calculate the stress intensity factor as a function of the material elastic properties at any section along the thickness direction, and to predict the effective fracture toughness of the material.
Late Wisconsinan and Holocene depositional history, northeastern Gulf of Mexico

Abstract High-resolution seismic surveys and sedimentologic studies in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico reveal multiple late Quaternary fluvial erosion surfaces. The Apalachicola River, largest river in the northeastern Gulf, incised a network of large channels which today lie buried 5–40 m beneath the present-day inner shelf and the estuary of the modern river. An abundance of coastal and estuarine borehole data enables the seismic records to be quantified to yield paleohydrologic information. The paleohydrologic data show that the Apalachicola was a river of significantly higher discharge before the late Holocene, prior to migrating eastward to its present location. Available evidence indicates that the Apalachicola Delta began prograding in its present location at least 2000 years ago. Much of the near-surface sedimentologic and geomorphologic features of the inner shelf of the northeastern Gulf of Mexico, including perhaps the Florida Middle Ground reef tract, are the result of earlier episodes of migration and delta-building by the Apalachicola River.
The Interruption of Patriarchal Calculation by the Unnamed Female Other in Mark 14:3–9:

In this article I examine the pericope of the unnamed woman who anoints Jesus in Mark 14:3–9 in an effort to reveal how the narrative interrupts the dominance of patriarchal calculation. Engaging critical methods, especially literary criticism, I draw out two central themes of Mark's Gospel: the difference of how people respond to Jesus (uncalculating awe versus calculating dismissal) and the nature of authority. These themes enable a reading of the unnamed woman's act that is meaningful for both feminist concerns and interreligious dialogue. It is meaningful for feminist concerns because the woman assumes the role of a paragon apostle by revealing the true heart of authority when she interrupts the calculation of men grasping for power. It is meaningful for interreligious dialogue because the woman is an outsider without name or title who both represents and expands the gospel and thereby opens a space for other outsiders without name and title.
The experience of leisure.

Abstract The question of the nature of leisure is a primary, if elusive, question. Quite recently, there has been some considerable interest in approaching the question by understanding leisure as an experience, in contrast to leisure as time, activity, or simple state of mind. This study discusses the methodological difficulties created by the conceptual shift in the leisure sciences. Specifically, the method of descriptive phenomenology is introduced as a suggested way of gaining access to the lived experience of leisure. Both the possibility for and the necessity of taking up the phenomenological standpoint are discussed.
Attachment and growth of mammalian cells on microcarriers with different ion exchange capacities

In the design of microcarriers for animal cell growth, the exchange capacity has been considered a critical factor. However, charge densities of microcarriers under culture conditions are not the same as the exchange capacities. Furthermore, the charge density requirement for optimum attachment is not necessarily the same as that required for optimum growth. We demonstrate that charge is not the sole factor affecting the attachment and growth of animal cells on microcarriers. We also show that supplemental serum in the growth medium has a negative effect on cell attachment to microcarriers.
THE AGE AND PROVENANCE OF “ESCHRICHTIUS” CEPHALUS COPE (MAMMALIA: CETACEA)

(2007). The age and provenance of “Eschrichtius” cephalus Cope (Mammalia: Cetacea) Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 27, No. 3, pp. 752-756.
How to perform dosimetry with Optical CT

Both polymer gels and PRESAGE radiochromic solid dosimeter, in conjunction with optical CT scanning system, have been employed to measure 3-D dose distribution. The 3-D dose maps obtained from these systems can provide a useful tool for dose verification on complex treatments such as IMRT, radiosurgery, and RapidArc. These complex treatments present high dose gradient regions in the boundaries between the target and the surrounding critical organs. Dose accuracy in these areas can be critical, and may affect the treatment. There is a pressing need for a dosimeter that allows for accurate determination of 3-D dose distribution with high spatial resolution. In this paper, performance of polymer gels and PRESAGE dosimeter with optical CT scanning is reviewed and evaluated in terms of their sensitivity calibration, irradiation, optimization of scanning procedures, precision, and accuracy. Clinical applications of optical-CT dosimetry are presented.
CPEB Control of NF-κB Nuclear Localization and Interleukin-6 Production Mediates Cellular Senescence

CPEB is a sequence-specific translational regulatory RNA binding protein that mediates cellular senescence in primary mouse and human cells. CPEB knockout mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) bypass senescence and synthesize large amounts of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and many other cytokines, which is not the case with either wild-type MEFs immortalized by prolonged culture or p53-deficient MEFs. CPEB regulates the production of IL-6 at both the translational and transcriptional levels; in CPEB-depleted cells, aberrant IL-6 transcription is mediated by improper NF-κB p65 phosphorylation and nuclear localization. Although IL-6 strengthens the senescence of wild-type cells, it has no effect on CPEB-deficient cells, even though they produce prodigious amounts of the cytokine. IL-6-promoted entry into senescence requires p53; CPEB knockout MEFs, however, synthesize only ∼50% of the p53 of wild-type MEFs, which is insufficient to respond to IL-6. Thus, CPEB deficiency not only increases IL-6 production but also renders the cell incapable of a senescence-promoting response.
Estradiol-dependent modulation of serotonergic markers in auditory areas of a seasonally breeding songbird.

Because no organism lives in an unchanging environment, sensory processes must remain plastic so that in any context, they emphasize the most relevant signals. As the behavioral relevance of sociosexual signals changes along with reproductive state, the perception of those signals is altered by reproductive hormones such as estradiol (E2). We showed previously that in white-throated sparrows, immediate early gene responses in the auditory pathway of females are selective for conspecific male song only when plasma E2 is elevated to breeding-typical levels. In this study, we looked for evidence that E2-dependent modulation of auditory responses is mediated by serotonergic systems. In female nonbreeding whitethroated sparrows treated with E2, the density of fibers immunoreactive for serotonin transporter innervating the auditory midbrain and rostral auditory forebrain increased compared with controls. E2 treatment also increased the concentration of the serotonin metabolite 5-HIAA in the caudomedial mesopallium of the auditory forebrain. In a second experiment, females exposed to 30 min of conspecific male song had higher levels of 5-HIAA in the caudomedial nidopallium of the auditory forebrain than birds not exposed to song. Overall, we show that in this seasonal breeder, (a) serotonergic fibers innervate auditory areas; (b) the density of those fibers is higher in females with breeding-typical levels of E2 than in nonbreeding, untreated females; and (c) serotonin is released in the auditory forebrain within minutes in response to conspecific vocalizations. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that E2 acts via serotonin systems to alter auditory processing.
Copolymer composition as a function of molecular weight and the effect of conversion on this relationship

The copolymer compositions as a function of molecular weight for three poly(styrene-co-vinyl stearate) copolymers of widely varying conversion were determined. A combined gel permeation chromatography–infrared spectroscopy method was used. Theoretical changes in copolymer composition were calculated using reactivity ratios. Comparison of the calculated and observed changes in copolymer composition as a function of molecular weight showed qualitative agreement. However, the observed changes in composition were significantly larger than those calculated.
Whose Gay Community? Social Class, Sexual Self-Expression, and Gay Community Involvement.

The visible and political gay community has been characterized as an increasingly middle-class, white institution. It is hypothesized that this middle-class nature requires economic and psychosocial resources that are not available to the working class and, thus, may limit the expression of sexual orientation for the working class. An analysis of data from the multicity Urban Men's Health Study supports this hypothesis. Nine of 14 hypothesized effects are statistically significant and indicate that working-class men who are homosexually active are less likely to describe themselves as gay, are more likely to have heterosexual experience, and are less likely to be involved in the gay community. Thus, it is important to incorporate class differences when addressing the social and the political dynamics of sexual orientation.
Newtonian versus non-Newtonian upper mantle viscosity: Implications for subduction initiation

[1] The effect of rheology on the evolution of the slab-tip during subduction initiation is analyzed using 2-D numerical flow models. Experimentally determined flow laws have both strong temperature- and stress-dependence, which leads to large local variations in viscosity with direct consequences for subduction initiation. We find that models with Newtonian viscosity lead to flat or coupled subduction due to hydrodynamic stresses that pull the slab-tip up towards the overriding plate. Non-Newtonian rheology reduces these hydrodynamic stresses by decreasing the wedge viscosity and the slab coupling to wedge-corner flow, rendering the small negative-slab buoyancy of the slab-tip sufficient to maintain its dip during the early stages of subduction.
Longitudinal Predictors of Proactive Goals and Activity Participation at Age 80

This study investigated longitudinal predictors of proactive goals and activity participation at age 80 among members of the Terman Study of the Gifted. The participants were 242 individuals between the ages of 75 and 84 ( M � 79.53) who responded to questionnaires in 1992, 1972, and 1950. Proactive goals included goals for involvement and achievement. Activity participation included intellectual, cultural, and social service activities. LISREL 8 was used to test an integrative longitudinal latent variable model of the associations among the variables. The results showed that purposiveness at age 40 predicted proactive goals at age 80 indirectly through satisfaction with cultural life and service to society measured at age 60. Satisfaction with culture and service at age 60 was related to activity participation at age 80 through proactive goals. Women rated proactive goals as more important to them and indicated greater participation in the activities in this study than did men, but the structural equation model was invariant across the two groups. The results are discussed in terms of contemporary research and theory concerning the self-concept and life span development.
A Century of Portraits: A Visual Historical Record of American High School Yearbooks

Many details about our world are not captured in written records because they are too mundane or too abstract to describe in words. Fortunately, since the invention of the camera, an ever-increasing number of photographs capture much of this otherwise lost information. This plethora of artifacts documenting our "visual culture" is a treasure trove of knowledge as yet untapped by historians. We present a dataset of 37,921 frontal-facing American high school yearbook photos that allow us to use computation to glimpse into the historical visual record too voluminous to be evaluated manually. The collected portraits provide a constant visual frame of reference with varying content. We can therefore use them to consider issues such as a decade's defining style elements, or trends in fashion and social norms over time. We demonstrate that our historical image dataset may be used together with weakly-supervised data-driven techniques to perform scalable historical analysis of large image corpora with minimal human effort, much in the same way that large text corpora together with natural language processing revolutionized historians' workflow. Furthermore, we demonstrate the use of our dataset in dating grayscale portraits using deep learning methods.
Proactive Policing by Post and Community Officers

Using data collected through social observations of 188 police officer shifts, the current research examines the time allocated to proactive and reactive activities by traditional and community police officers to assess (a) the extent to which post officers engage in proactive activities, (b) whether these activities differ from the (proactive) activities conducted by community officers, (c) whether post and community officers' activities reflect an emphasis on different functions of policing, and (d) to what extent the activities of both types of officers reflect community policing philosophy.
Sudakov Safety in Perturbative QCD

Traditional calculations in perturbative quantum chromodynamics (pQCD) are based on an order-by-order expansion in the strong coupling ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{s}$. Observables that are calculable in this way are known as ``safe.'' Recently, a class of unsafe observables was discovered that do not have a valid ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{s}$ expansion but are nevertheless calculable in pQCD using all-orders resummation. These observables are called ``Sudakov safe'' since singularities at each ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{s}$ order are regulated by an all-orders Sudakov form factor. In this paper, we give a concrete definition of Sudakov safety based on conditional probability distributions, and we study a one-parameter family of momentum sharing observables that interpolate between the safe and unsafe regimes. The boundary between these regimes is particularly interesting, as the resulting distribution can be understood as the ultraviolet fixed point of a generalized fragmentation function, yielding a leading behavior that is independent of ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{s}$.
Stress-responsive gene TauT and acute kidney injury

Background Cisplatin is a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent that has a major limitation because of its nephrotoxicity. We have demonstrated that cisplatin down-regulates the expression of the taurine transporter gene (TauT) in renal cells and that forced overexpression of TauT protects against cisplatin-induced apoptosis in renal cells in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, we have investigated how TauT is regulated by p53 and c-Jun and its role during acute kidney injury (AKI).
Development of Drosophila imaginal discs in vitro: Effects of ecdysone concentration and insulin

A detailed scoring system was used to determine the effects of a variety of factors on the evagination and differentiation of Drosophila imaginal discs cultured in vitro. In modified Schneider's Drosophila medium, β-ecdysone induced development at concentrations approximately 100x lower than α-ecdysone. The metamorphosis of imaginal discs consists of two processes, evagination and differentiation, which were found to be differentially sensitive to hormone concentration. Optimal differentiation occurred at relatively low β-ecdysone concentrations (30 ng/ml), while complete evagination required higher levels (500 ng/ml). Even at the optimal hormone concentration for differentiation, not all discs differentiated completely, and each region of the eye, antenna, wing, and leg exhibited a characteristic frequency of differentiation. In addition, a strong negative correlation between the extent of evagination and the quality of differentiation was observed. Bovine insulin stimulated β-ecdysone induced evagination, but at the same time it inhibited differentiation.
Prognostic factors in invasive breast carcinoma: Do new molecular techniques/profiling add significantly to traditional histological factors?

Summary Greater awareness and use of screening has led to an increase in the proportion of ‘early' breast cancers. Conventional prognostic factors such as tumour size and nodal status are of limited use with these tumours, because most of them are node negative and small. There is a need for factors that are not only prognostic, but also predict response to therapy, in the selection of appropriate therapy for these low-risk patients, especially to avoid the administration of toxic therapies to patients who are unlikely to gain significant benefit. This has led to the emergence of newer molecular prognostic factors, gene-expression signatures being the latest. Although not many of these newer prognostic factors have proved clinical utility, recent studies report remarkable results with the use of gene-expression signatures as prognostic and predictive factors. These results, though promising, have been compared only with simple parameters such as tumour grade and with broad practice guidelines. Additional studies documenting superiority of gene signatures over existing prognostic algorithms such as the Nottingham prognostic index and Adjuvant! Online are necessary before their widespread routine use. Currently, gene signatures are best used as a part of randomized clinical trials such as MINDACT and TAILORx. In this review, we discuss the biological basis, scientific evidence and clinical application of conventional and molecular prognostic factors, including gene-expression signatures.
GSQAR: A Quality Aware Anycast Routing Protocol for Wireless Mesh Networks

We consider anycast routing to improve the quality of communications in multi-gateway wireless mesh networks. A centralized gateway and route selection scheme is proposed that tries to maximize the end-to-end probability of success and minimize the end-to-end delay of all active traffic flows in the network. The proposed scheme employs a novel route quality metric that is based on the effects of interference on data packet transmissions. We present performance evaluations of the proposed scheme using ns-2 simulations.
Understanding the Influence of Cues from Other Customers in the Service Experience: A Scale Development and Validation

Abstract During most consumer exchanges, particularly in service and retailing settings, customers are “in the factory” and, as a result, the presence of other customers can have a profound impact on customer experiences. Despite studies demonstrating the importance of managing the customer experience and customer portfolios, the marketing literature lacks a comprehensive scale that can be used to assess individuals’ perceptions of other customers during commercial transactions. This study conceptualizes a three-dimension, Other Customer Perception (OCP) scale to address this gap. Using a seven-step scale development process, the multi-dimensional conceptualization is supported and validated and the research demonstrates the impact of the OCP dimensions on consumers’ approach and avoidance intentions. The findings provide a clearer understanding of how other customers can indirectly influence assessments of a customer exchange and can assist in the measurement of other customer perceptions in future research efforts.
Mixed-mode failure of thin films using laser-generated shear waves

A new test method is developed for studying mixed-mode interfacial failure of thin films using laser generated stress waves. Guided by recent parametric studies of laser-induced tensile spallation, we successfully extend this technique to achieve mixed-mode loading conditions. By allowing an initial longitudinal wave to mode convert at an oblique surface, a high amplitude shear wave is generated in a fused silica substrate and propagated toward the thin-film surface. A shear wave is obtained with amplitude large enough to fail an Al film/fused silica interface and the corresponding shear stress calculated from high-speed interferometric displacement measurements. Examination of the interfaces failed under mixed-mode conditions reveals significant wrinkling and tearing of the film, in great contrast to blister patterns observed in similar Al films failed under tensile loading.
Risk Analysis: Understanding “How Safe is Safe Enough?“

The basic characteristics of determining acceptable risk are discussed. Technical, political, and social aspects of the problem add much complexity. The appropriate manner to reach responsible decisions regarding acceptable risk is suggested. This explicitly addresses the alternatives, the objectives, the uncertainty, and the values which constitute the information necessary to arrive at any solution. The inappropriateness of many “solutions” currently in use or “suggested” is exposed.
Suppression of insertions in the complex pdxJ operon of Escherichia coli K-12 by lon and other mutations.

Abstract Complementation analyses using minimal recombinant clones showed that all known pdx point mutations, which cause pyridoxine (vitamin B6) or pyridoxal auxotrophy, are located in the pdxA, pdxB, serC, pdxJ, and pdxH genes. Antibiotic enrichments for chromosomal transposon mutants that require pyridoxine (vitamin B6) or pyridoxal led to the isolation of insertions in pdxA, pdxB, and pdxH but not in pdxJ. This observation suggested that pdxJ, like pdxA, pdxB, and serC, might be in a complex operon. To test this hypothesis, we constructed stable insertion mutations in and around pdxJ in plasmids and forced them into the bacterial chromosome. Physiological properties of the resulting insertion mutants were characterized, and the DNA sequence of pdxJ and adjacent regions was determined. These combined approaches led to the following conclusions: (i) pdxJ is the first gene in a two-gene operon that contains a gene, temporarily designated dpj, essential for Escherichia coli growth; (ii) expression of the rnc-era-recO and pdxJ-dpj operons can occur independently, although the pdxJ-dpj promoter may lie within recO; (iii) pdxJ encodes a 26,384-Da polypeptide whose coding region is preceded by a PDX box, and dpj probably encodes a basic, 14,052-Da polypeptide; (iv) mini-Mud insertions in dpj and pdxJ, which are polar on dpj, severely limit E. coli growth; and (v) three classes of suppressors, including mutations in lon and suppressors of lon, that allow faster growth of pdxJ::mini-Mud mutants can be isolated. A model to account for the action of dpj suppressors is presented, and aspects of this genetic analysis are related to the pyridoxal 5'-phosphate biosynthetic pathway.
Plasma Exosomes as Markers of Therapeutic Response in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Purpose: Exosomes isolated from the plasma of newly-diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients have elevated protein and TGF-β1 contents and inhibit natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity. A potential role of exosomes in predicting responses to chemotherapy (CT) was evaluated in AML patients undergoing treatment. Experimental Design: Plasma was obtained from AML patients at diagnosis (n=16); post induction CT (n=9); during consolidation CT (n=10); in long-term remission (LTCR, n=5); and from healthy volunteers (n=7). Exosomes were isolated by exclusion chromatography and ultracentrifugation. The exosomal protein, soluble TGFβ-1 levels (ELISA) and the TGF-β1 profiles (western blots) were compared among patients’ cohorts. The results were correlated with the patients’ cytogenetic profile, percentage of leukemic blast and outcome. Results: At diagnosis, protein and TGF-β1 levels were higher (pConclusions: Changes in exosomal protein and/or TGF-β1 content may reflect responses to CT. The exosomal TGF-β1 profile suggests the presence of residual disease in patients considered to have achieved complete remission.
Cyberwarfare seen through a mariner's spyglass

The Internet has become an essential tool in the everyday conduct of commercial life and its security has become a topic of growing importance since 9/11. The ability of terrorists to conduct cyberwarfare is largely unknown, but the potential for the disruption of life worries many policymakers. In searching for precedent to anticipate the potential impact of a cyberwar, it is important to identify modes of conflict that are useful against asymmetrically matched opponents and conflict that strikes at the economy. The author suggests that an effective model for looking at cyberwarfare is that of maritime "guerre de course" or commerce warfare. Moreover, the maritime paradigm provides a useful dialog with which to examine possible future trends in cyberwarfare beyond effects including the impact of technological innovation, sociological and historical trends, and tactics.
Medical Student Elegies: The Poetics of Caring

This paper examines three medical student poems about death to explore how medical students use poetry to understand their encounters with dying patients and to discuss how these poems function as elegies in the context of medical culture.
On Mathematical Anti-Evolutionism

The teaching of evolution in American high schools has long been a source of controversy. The past decade has seen an important shift in the rhetoric of anti-evolutionists, toward arguments of a strongly mathematical character. These mathematical arguments, while different in their specifics, follow the same general program and rely on the same underlying model of evolution. We shall discuss the nature and history of this program and model and describe general reasons for skepticism with regard to any anti-evolutionary arguments based upon them. We shall then survey the major arguments used by anti-evolutionists, to show how our general considerations make it possible to quickly identify their weakest points.
A novel polyamide 12/Al-Cu-Fe quasicrystal composite

The tribological and mechanical properties of a novel polyamide 12 (PA12)/Al-Cu-Fe quasicrystal (QC) composite were systematically studied to accelerate efforts to develop a useful, melt-processable, and wear-resistant polymer composite. The wear and friction properties were characterized using a pin-on-disk configuration and the static and dynamic mechanical properties were investigated using dynamical mechanical analyzer, tensile tester, and an impact tester. Further, the melt processability of the composite was studied using a Haake torque rheometer and a dynamic rotational rheometer. The results suggest that PA12/QC composite can be melt-processed into a wear-resistant material with enhanced mechanical properties for applications where combinations of wear resistance and good mechanical properties are required. The static mechanical properties of the composite were found to be consistent with the Halpin-Tsai equation and agreement was observed between the measured viscoelastic properties and theoretical predictions of Burgers’ and Eilers’ models.
Design of Hardware-in-the-loop Simulation System for Control and Guidance System

the function of the hardware-in-the-loop simulation system for control and guidance system,and the architecture of simulation platform system is introduced firstly.The model of the system software and hardware,and the control of technological process are described in detail.Based on the implementation of the simulation system,the key point and the developing trend of the open system architefcture related to generic distributed hardware-in-the-loop simulation system is emphasized,combined with the actual requirement of the research and design of the hardware-in-the-loop simulation.The design consideration of system architecture and the simulation interface is also proposed.