cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cell attachment and spreading on metal implant materials

Abstract Strong bonding and coverage of organic siloxanes or phosphonates on both Ti and Ti–6Al–4V can be obtained using either of two novel metal–organic interfaces. Surface coverages are considerably higher than can be effected by direct silanization of the native oxide surfaces. Furthermore, these interfaces can be used to attach the fibronectin attachment peptide arginine–glycine–aspartic acid (RGD) to Ti–6Al–4V. Essentially, no osteoblast adhesion occurred on unmodified Ti–6Al–4V or on alkyl, ω-hydroxy, ω-carboxylic acid, or ω-carboxylate-terminated alkylphosphonate-modified surfaces. Adhesion and spreading of osteoblasts on RGD-modified surfaces was quite substantial.
A Nation under the Influence: The Creative Strategy Process for Advertising in Thailand

Abstract Thailand leads the Southeast Asian market in advertising expenditures. Although numerous studies have examined the content of Thai advertising and compared it to its Western counterpart, no research to date has examined the process of creative strategy development. We conducted ten in-depth interviews among Thai advertising creative professionals from different agencies in Bangkok. Based on our findings, we provide insight to foreign companies that want to further understand Thai advertising and to successfully communicate to Thai consumers within their own cultural context.
Weather-monitoring sensor web for supporting situation awareness

We present a prototype sensor web that uses multiagent, Web, and Semantic Web technologies so that users may maintain awareness of the evolving weather situation as it relates to an activity in which they engage, in this case running. We apply Devlin's theory of information flow to explain how this system allows a user to maintain situation awareness. Ontologies are critical in this account for the flow of information. The system incorporates weather data into an ontology based on the OGC's O&M encoding schema and transforms it into data in a Running ontology via alignment of the ontologies. Devlin's situation semantics explains how the system provides a user with information on the running situation.
Fractal color compression in the L*a*b* uniform color space

Summary form only given. We present comparative results obtained in the context of 24-bit true color image encoding by using searchless vs. search-based fractal compression techniques in a perceptually uniform color space. A pixel in the color space is represented as a vector with each component corresponding to a color channel. The least squares approximation of an image block by an iterated function system (IFS) is adapted to reflect the added color dimensions. To account for the nonlinearity of the human visual perception, compression in the L*a*b* uniform color space is proposed. In this color space, two pairs of colors with the same Euclidean distance metric are perceptually almost equally similar or different. Comparisons are presented both with regard to compression in the RGB and YIQ color spaces vs. the perceptually uniform L*a*b* color space, as well as with regard to fractal color image compression in the L*a*b* color space obtained by means of an extension of Monro and Dudbridge's bath fractal transform (BFT) vs. an adaptation of Jacquin's iterated transform technique (ITT) for 3-dimensional color. The use of a uniform color space produced rate-distortion results comparable with recently reported fractal compression results, but yielded compressed images with visibly less noticable color distortion than other methods.
An evaluation of departure throughputs before and after the implementation of wake vortex recategorization at Atlanta Hartsfield/Jackson International Airport: A Markov regime-switching approach

This paper utilizes a Markov regime-switching model to decompose airport departures into two regimes and to investigate the change in departure throughputs before and after implementing wake recat at ATL. Although analysts may not always know with certainty which regime prevails and how long it may last, they can compute the transition probabilities and expected duration of each regime. After the implementation, there was a 91% chance that departure throughputs would remain unconstrained (up from 86% before implementation) and a 37% chance that departure throughputs would become constrained (up from 35% before implementation).
Design, implementation, and performance of an extensible toolkit for resource prediction in distributed systems

RPS is a publicly available toolkit that allows a practitioner to straightforwardly create flexible online and offline resource prediction systems in which resources are represented by independent, periodically sampled, scalar-valued measurement streams. The systems predict the future values of such streams from past values and are composed at runtime out of a large and extensible set of communicating components that are in turn constructed using RPS's extensible sensor, prediction, wavelet, and communication libraries. This paper describes the design, implementation, and performance of RPS. We have used RPS extensively to evaluate predictive models and build online prediction systems for host load, Windows performance data, and network bandwidth. The computation and communication overheads involved in such systems are quite low.
A Critical Role for Induced IgM in the Protection against West Nile Virus Infection

In humans, the elderly and immunocompromised are at greatest risk for disseminated West Nile virus (WNV) infection, yet the immunologic basis for this remains unclear. We demonstrated previously that B cells and IgG contributed to the defense against disseminated WNV infection (Diamond, M.S., B. Shrestha, A. Marri, D. Mahan, and M. Engle. 2003. J. Virol. 77:2578–2586). In this paper, we addressed the function of IgM in controlling WNV infection. C57BL/6J mice (sIgM−/−) that were deficient in the production of secreted IgM but capable of expressing surface IgM and secreting other immunoglobulin isotypes were vulnerable to lethal infection, even after inoculation with low doses of WNV. Within 96 h, markedly higher levels of infectious virus were detected in the serum of sIgM−/− mice compared with wild-type mice. The enhanced viremia correlated with higher WNV burdens in the central nervous system, and was also associated with a blunted anti-WNV IgG response. Passive transfer of polyclonal anti-WNV IgM or IgG protected sIgM−/− mice against mortality, although administration of comparable amounts of a nonneutralizing monoclonal anti-WNV IgM provided no protection. In a prospective analysis, a low titer of anti-WNV IgM antibodies at day 4 uniformly predicted mortality in wild-type mice. Thus, the induction of a specific, neutralizing IgM response early in the course of WNV infection limits viremia and dissemination into the central nervous system, and protects against lethal infection.
Morphological Changes Accompanying the Transition from Juvenile (Atmospheric) to Adult (Tank) Forms in the Mexican Epiphyte Tillandsia Deppeana (Bromeliaceae)

This is the publisher's official version, also available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/2443800.
Inaccessible porosity in gasification reactions under kinetic control

Random pore models have been successful in interpreting a wide range of experimental observations in gas-solid reactions; however, their applicability has been limited to cases where the entire porous structure is initially accessible to reacting gases. In many practical cases, porous solids contain significant void regions that are initially inaccessible to gaseous reactants, but become accessible in the course of the reaction. A conceptual and mathematical model is developed here that accounts for the existence of this hidden porosity. It uses the same representation of the porous network as was developed in the earlier random pore models, but introduces physically meaningful expressions for the discovery of hidden pores, and the subsequent growth of the discovered pores. The modified model calls for only one additional parameter, the initial volume fraction of hidden porosity in the total volume. It is demonstrated computationally that neglecting hidden porosity can lead to serious underestimations of conversion and reaction rates.
Introduction. Rethinking HIV prevention: critical assessments of the content and delivery of AIDS risk-reduction messages.

(1992). Introduction. Rethinking HIV prevention: Critical assessments of the content and delivery of AIDS risk‐reduction messages. Medical Anthropology: Vol. 14, Rethinking AIDS Prevention: Cultural Approaches, pp. 139-143.
Accelerated sea level rise and Florida Current transport

Abstract. The Florida Current is the headwater of the Gulf Stream and is a component of the North Atlantic western boundary current from which a geostrophic balance between sea surface height and mass transport directly influence coastal sea levels along the Florida Straits. A linear regression of daily Florida Current transport estimates does not find a significant change in transport over the last decade; however, a nonlinear trend extracted from empirical mode decomposition (EMD) suggests a 3 Sv decline in mean transport. This decline is consistent with observed tide gauge records in Florida Bay and the straits exhibiting an acceleration of mean sea level (MSL) rise over the decade. It is not known whether this recent change represents natural variability or the onset of the anticipated secular decline in Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC); nonetheless, such changes have direct impacts on the sensitive ecological systems of the Everglades as well as the climate of western Europe and eastern North America.
As If : Connecting Phenomenology, Mirror Neurons, Empathy, and Laughter

The discovery of mirror neurons in both primates and humans has led to an enormous amount of research and speculation as to how conscious beings are able to interact so effortlessly among one another. Mirror neurons might provide an embodied basis for passive synthesis and the eventual process of further communalization through empathy, as envisioned by Edmund Husserl. I consider the possibility of a phenomenological and scientific investigation of laughter as a point of connection that might in the future bridge the gap Husserl feared had grown too expansive between the worlds of science and philosophy. Part I will describe some implications of the discovery of mirror neurons. Part II will address Husserl’s concept of embodiment as it relates to neuroscience and empathy. Part III will be a primer to investigating laughter phenomenologically. Part IV will be a continuation of the study of laughter and empathy as possible elements helpful in broadening the scope of what Husserl calls the Life-World.
Using a Web Page Design Activity to Promote Active Learning of Course Content in an Undergraduate Anatomy and Physiology Course

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate student perceptions of a Web page design activity as a learning activity in an undergraduate anatomy and physiology course. One class of undergrad...
Transport enhancement and reversal: glucose and 3-O-methyl glucose.

In chick embryo fibroblast cultures the 15- to 30-fold enhancement of D-glucose uptake observed when cells are starved of glucose for 24 hours is not duplicated for derivatives of glucose that compete effectively for uptake and have generally been considered to use the same carrier. 2-deoxy-D-glucose, D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucosamine are derepressed progressively less sharply in that order with glucosamine uptake never more than doubled by starvation. D-glucose at a concentration of 5.5 mM in the 24-hour conditioning medium is a strong “repressor” resulting in low “transport” behavior for each of the five sugars cited. D-glucosamine is equally effective at the same concentration. A 10-fold reduction in the concentration of glucosamine (0.55 mM) allows for the escape from repression of mannose, glucose, and deoxyglucose uptake while the others remain repressed. Mannose uptake escapes as well when the glucose concentration in the “conditioning” medium is similarly reduced. Under certain conditions of starvation and cell density dramatic effects of supplemental stimulation by insulin can be achieved. Insulin withdrawal interrupts the supplemental stimulation process. Cycloheximide, actinomycin D and cordycepin block both non-insulin and insulin-induced derepression. Short exposure (15–30 minutes) of 24-hour starved cells to glucose (5.5 mM) reduces glucose sharply but does not affect 3-O-methyl glucose uptake. If the exposure is to 2-deoxyglucose (5.5 mM) further derepression of glucose uptake results.
Computation of photoelectron and Auger-electron diffraction I. Preparation of input data for the cluster calculation PAD1

We describe the theory and implementation of multiple scattering cluster calculations of angle-resolved core-level photoelectron and Auger-electron diffraction intensities based on a concentric-shell algorithm (CSA). In this paper, we describe the first of a series of three computer programs which implement the calculations. In the present program, sorting algorithms are used to arrange atoms by their symmetry groups and into a series of concentric shells, as required by the CSA. For maximum user-friendliness, all input parameters may be specified in a self-explanatory file, which contains information about the cluster and the experimental parameters. c 1998 Elsevier Science B.V.
Adaptive hybrid clock discipline algorithm for the network time protocol

This paper describes the analysis, implementation, and performance of a new algorithm engineered to discipline a computer clock to a source of standard time, such as a GPS receiver or another computer synchronized to such a source. The algorithm is intended for the network time protocol (NTP), which is in widespread use to synchronize computer clocks in the global Internet, or with another functionally equivalent protocol such as DTSS or PCS. It controls the computer clock time and frequency using an adaptive-parameter hybrid phase/frequency lock feedback loop. Compared with the current NTP Version 3 algorithm, the new algorithm developed for NTP Version 4 provides improved accuracy and reduced network overhead, especially when per-packet or per-call charges are involved. The algorithm has been implemented in a special-purpose NTP simulator, which also includes the entire suite of NTP algorithms. The performance has been verified using this simulator and both synthetic data and real data from Internet time servers in Europe, Asia, and the Americas.
Neuroendocrine influences in psychoimmunology and neoplasia: A review

Abstract Much recent work has focused on the interrelationships among environmental. psychological and physiological phenomena involved in immune-related disorders. with special emphasis being given to neoplastic processes. The present review looks first at the physiological pathways involved in the body's assorted and alternating responses to stressful environmental and psychological conditions and the immune system sequelae following each of two distinct psychophysiological coping responses—active coping and passive coping/helplessness reaction. Psychoimmunological findings about stressful life events. bereavement and mental depression as stressors the integrated with current psychoneuroimmunological postulates. A framework is outlined that may have utility for understanding the relationship among chronic psychological emotional stress in its many forms, accompanying neurohormonal changes. and increased susceptibility to immune-mediated neoplastic growth. Finally, the recently evolved concepts of hyper-...
Evidence from basic research for opioid combinations

Introduction: Single opioid analgesics are modestly effective in reducing pain but have a narrow therapeutic index and frequently produce intolerable side effects. Adjuvant analgesics are often used to improve the opioid therapeutic index. Basic science research has accumulated evidence that opioid combinations in animal models and in vitro have potential to improve the therapeutic index of opioids and/or prevent opioid tolerance. Areas covered: Opioid receptor pharmacology is reviewed including receptor genetics and downstream signaling. Receptor functional selectivity and ligand biased responses are discussed in relationship to opioid pharmacodynamics, signal modulation and synergy. The accumulated bench research over the past decade, in particular, provides a rationale for considering clinical trials of opioid combinations. These combinations include both selective agonist–agonist or agonist–antagonist pairs which are reviewed. Expert opinion: The use of opioid antagonists (naloxone and naltrexone), ox...
Performance prediction of DC-DC converters with impedances as loads

This paper presents a method of predicting the outer loop gain of dc-dc converters when there is a general (nonresistive) impedance as a load. Based on this prediction, it is possible to then derive a corresponding phase margin, gain margin and bandwidth in order to define a dc-dc converter's stable operating area. Two applications of the method are presented for performance prediction in: 1) dc-dc converters with additional capacitors placed across their load; 2) source converters in a distributed power system. In both applications, the theoretical predictions match closely to the experimental data.
Recess Appointments and Precautionary Constitutionalism

In Noel Canning v. NLRB, 705 F.3d 490 (D.C. Cir. 2013), the D.C. Circuit held (inter alia) that the President’s constitutional power to make recess appointments does not include recesses during a session of the Senate (“intrasession recesses”), as opposed to recesses between sessions (“intersession recesses”). Many commentators have taken Canning to be principally a textualist and originalist decision. I argue, to the contrary, that Canning’s textualism and originalism are derivative strategies by which the court attempted to fashion a precautionary rule against presidential aggrandizement. As such Canning is best understood to exemplify a mode of constitutional adjudication that we might call precautionary constitutionalism. As a normative matter, Canning illustrates the major problem of precautionary constitutionalism: myopic focus on a target risk may cause the rulemaker to ignore or underestimate countervailing risks, resulting in unintended, counterproductive or perverse consequences.
Inhibition of oviposition of the Japanese quail by U-11,555A

The Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix) will tolerate approximately 350 mg of an antiestrogen diphenylindene derivative U-11,555A orally per kilogram of body weight as a single dose. This amount of compound caused a significant reduction in egg laying, and the few eggs laid were soft-shelled. At a slightly lower level (308 mg/kg body weight) the compound had a significant depressing effect on ovary and oviduct weight. Follicular atresia and internal ovulations were observed more frequently in the treated birds than in their controls. No histologic abnormalities were noted in the pituitary or adrenals as a result of U-11,555A treatment. A graded level of the diphenylindene derivative (9, 18, and 36 mg/kg body weight/day) engendered a graded response in the development of the oviduct of immature quail. The administration for 7 days of a high level of U-11,555A (36 mg/kg body weight/day) and the concomitant injection of graded doses of estradiol (0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 μg/kg body weight/day) showed that the average daily secretion rate of estrogen in 3- to 4-week-old quail was about 0.88 μg/kg/day.
Cost-Effectiveness of Crack Sealing Materials and Techniques for Asphalt Pavements

Sealing or filling cracked asphalt pavements to prevent the intrusion of water into the pavement structure has long been an accepted practice of the Montana Department of Transportation. Attempts were made to establish the most economical and effective method of sealing pavement cracks for Montana and to better determine crack sealing's role within Montana's pavement management system (PvMS). Four experimental test sites were constructed within crack-sealing projects. The test sites included combinations of nine sealant materials and six sealing techniques. Monitoring of the test sites includes visual inspections (for all of the sites) and nondestructive structural readings and surface distress identification under Montana's PvMS (for one test location). One expectation of the inspections is an estimation of crack sealing's useful life. Information on project history and project methodology, including the methods used for evaluating the performance of sealed cracks, is presented. Interim conclusions are p...
An artificial neural network for neural spike classification

In insects, the summed responses of neural activity can be obtained by recording from the exterior of a taste organ (sensillum) of an intact animal. These multiunit recordings are commonly used to understand sensory and behavioral physiology. It is possible to distinguish between the neural spikes produced by these chemosensory neurons using such features as amplitude and shape. We have developed an artificial neural network (ANN) spike classifier which is capable of distinguishing among neural responses of each insect taste organ. The ANN is "trained" on prototypical spikes produced by each of the constituent neurons. It performs very well when compared with conventional optimal methods of template matching and principal components.
THE EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY OF GYNOGENESIS

▪ Abstract Most metazoans engage in recombination every generation. In theory this is associated with considerable cost, such as the production of males, so that asexual organisms, which do not pay this cost, should be able to invade populations of sexuals. Some asexuals depend on sperm of sexual males to trigger embryogenesis, a reproductive mode called gynogenesis. The genetic information of males is typically not used. Theory predicts that such mating complexes are short-lived and highly unstable. Sperm dependency is not only the defining feature of the biology of gynogenetic metazoans, it is also a major puzzle in evolutionary biology. Organisms that apparently combine disadvantages of both sexuality and asexuality are a serious challenge to theory. A number of questions about these systems are still unresolved.
Comparative sacral morphology and the reconstructed tail lengths of five extinct primates: Proconsul heseloni, Epipliopithecus vindobonensis, Archaeolemur edwardsi, Megaladapis grandidieri, and Palaeopropithecus kelyus.

Abstract This study evaluated the relationship between the morphology of the sacrum—the sole bony link between the tail or coccyx and the rest of the body—and tail length (including presence/absence) and function using a comparative sample of extant mammals spanning six orders (Primates, Carnivora, Rodentia, Diprotodontia, Pilosa, Scandentia; N = 472). Phylogenetically-informed regression methods were used to assess how tail length varied with respect to 11 external and internal (i.e., trabecular) bony sacral variables with known or suspected biomechanical significance across all mammals, only primates, and only non-primates. Sacral variables were also evaluated for primates assigned to tail categories (‘tailless,’ ‘nonprehensile short-tailed,’ ‘nonprehensile long-tailed,’ and ‘prehensile-tailed’). Compared to primates with reduced tail lengths, primates with longer tails generally exhibited sacra having larger caudal neural openings than cranial neural openings, and last sacral vertebrae with more mediolaterally-expanded caudal articular surfaces than cranial articular surfaces, more laterally-expanded transverse processes, more dorsally-projecting spinous processes, and larger caudal articular surface areas. Observations were corroborated by the comparative sample, which showed that shorter-tailed (e.g., Lynx rufus [bobcat]) and longer-tailed (e.g., Acinonyx jubatus [cheetah]) non-primate mammals morphologically converge with shorter-tailed (e.g., Macaca nemestrina) and longer-tailed (e.g., Macaca fascicularis) primates, respectively. ‘Prehensile-tailed’ primates exhibited last sacral vertebrae with more laterally-expanded transverse processes and greater caudal articular surface areas than ‘nonprehensile long-tailed’ primates. Internal sacral variables performed poorly compared to external sacral variables in analyses of extant primates, and were thus deemed less useful for making inferences concerning tail length and function in extinct primates. The tails lengths of five extinct primates were reconstructed from the external sacral variables: Archaeolemur edwardsi had a ‘nonprehensile long tail,’ Megaladapis grandidieri, Palaeopropithecus kelyus, and Epipliopithecus vindobonensis probably had ‘nonprehensile short tails,’ and Proconsul heseloni was ‘tailless.’
An Evaluation of Expertise in a File Search Environment

The evaluation of expertise is an important activity that should be undertaken when human-computer systems are designed. This activity is extremely critical in systems which automatically provide assistance to inexperienced users. However, the representation of expertise is of equal importance in automated assistance systems. An experiment was designed to address the issues of representation and evaluation of expertise in a file search environment using expert and novice subjects. A target profile methodology was used for developing a file search assistant based on expert behavior. The model of expertise generated from this methodology proved to be capable of capturing expert search strategies. It also was capable of providing a framework for the development of an interactive file search assistant. The investigation points to further research in diagnostic and remedial variables in assistance, as well as adaptive assistance.
Resonance Fluorescence Cross Section

In the last chapter, we saw both the elastic and inelastic photon scattering cross sections were given in terms of the amplitudes, g mμ, where
Stimulus Considerations in Narrative Analysis of Normal Third Grade Children

The purpose of the present study was to examine stimulus variables when eliciting stories from normal school-age children. Subjects were 24 third grade students exhibiting at least average performa...
Intrarenal metabolism of angiotensin II.

This study investigated the intrarenal metabolism of circulating angiotensin II. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), renal hemodynamics, and the arterial, renal venous, and renal tissue concentrations of the angiotensin octapeptide [ANG-(1–8)] were examined following the constant intra-arterial infusion of tritiated angiotensin II [( 3H]ANG-(1–8)] in graded doses of 0.5, 2.0, and 2.5 ng.kg-1.min-1 in five uninephrectomized, anesthetized female dogs. The infusion of [3H]ANG-(1–8) had no significant effect on MAP, glomerular filtration rate, renal blood flow, or urine flow rate. The mean degradation rate of intra-arterially infused [3H]ANG-(1–8) was 72%. The net renal venous plasma concentration of ANG-(1–8) was greater than that predicted from the degradation rate of [3H]ANG-(1–8). High concentrations of ANG-(1–8) were measurable in all renal tissues. However, [3H]ANG-(1–8) was not detectable in any renal tissue. These observations suggest that ANG-(1–8) in the renal venous effluent was derived, in part, de novo...
Correction of truncus arteriosus in the neonate using a nonvalved conduit.

Successful correction of truncus arteriosus in two neonates, both 4 days of age, is described. Nonvalved polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) conduits were used because of the small size of the infants. Both recovered from operation with no signs of right ventricular failure and remain well. Catheterization data on one patient show satisfactory hemodynamics 1 year after operation with only residual branch pulmonary artery stenosis. These data suggest that a conduit valve is not essential in the correction of truncus arteriosus even in the neonate.
A local relaxation scheme (Ad-Hoc SOR) applied to nine point and block difference equations

Abstract A local relaxation scheme, applicable to five point difference equations, was introduced and referred to as Ad-Hoc SOR. Although developed for five point difference schemes, there has been some interest as to its applicability to nine point and block difference schemes. In this paper we review the method and present some ideas related to these questions.
Transfusion of the patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Cytopenias are commonly found in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Thrombocytopenia due to peripheral destruction of platelets is an early manifestation, normocytic anemia and neutropenia are late manifestations. Transfusions are required when symptoms become severe. Chemotherapy of patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is also cytotoxic and further contributes to the transfusion requirement. Patients with AIDS receiving treatment with zidovudine, in particular, have a high transfusion requirement. Empirically, many centers irradiate blood products transfused to AIDS patients to prevent possible graft-vs-host reaction in the immunologically compromised recipient. Attempts to correct the deficiency of helper T cells with lymphocyte transfusion and marrow transplantation have so far been ineffective. Similarly, therapeutic trials to treat this disease by apheresis of virus-bearing cells has been ineffective and has, therefore, been abandoned.
The impact of cone beam computed tomography in nonsurgical and surgical treatment planning

Development of an appropriate treatment plan follows diagnosis and could be considered the foundation of a successful outcome. Until the recent introduction of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) for dental uses, two-dimensional radiographic imaging has been the standard for dental treatment planning. In endodontics, subjective history, clinical findings, and diagnostic imaging are all essential components of the preoperative diagnosis and treatment plan (Reit and Petersson Diagnosis of pulpal and periradicular disease. In: Bergenholtz G, Horsted-Bindslev P, Reit C, eds. Textbook of Endodontology. 2nd ed. Chichester/West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell; 2010. p. 235–53). Conventional two-dimensional radiographs provide a cost-effective, high-resolution image, which continues to be the most popular method of imaging today. However, the diagnostic potential of periapical radiographs is limited. Information may be difficult to interpret, especially when the anatomy and background pattern is complex (Kundel and Revesz, Am J Roentgenol 126:1233–1238; 1976). Recently, CBCT has been demonstrated to be a useful tool in a number of endodontic applications. The aim of this chapter is to compare the relative value of preoperative periapical radiographs and CBCT in the decision-making process in nonsurgical and surgical endodontic treatment planning.
Real-time imaging of Huntingtin aggregates diverting target search and gene transcription

The presumptive altered dynamics of transient molecular interactions in vivo contributing to neurodegenerative diseases have remained elusive. Here, using single-molecule localization microscopy, we show that disease-inducing Huntingtin (mHtt) protein fragments display three distinct dynamic states in living cells - 1) fast diffusion, 2) dynamic clustering and 3) stable aggregation. Large, stable aggregates of mHtt exclude chromatin and form 'sticky' decoy traps that impede target search processes of key regulators involved in neurological disorders. Functional domain mapping based on super-resolution imaging reveals an unexpected role of aromatic amino acids in promoting protein-mHtt aggregate interactions. Genome-wide expression analysis and numerical simulation experiments suggest mHtt aggregates reduce transcription factor target site sampling frequency and impair critical gene expression programs in striatal neurons. Together, our results provide insights into how mHtt dynamically forms aggregates and disrupts the finely-balanced gene control mechanisms in neuronal cells.
Structure and dynamics of the 4 p → n s , m d autoionizing resonances between the 3 P and 1 S thresholds in atomic bromine

The relative partial photoionization cross sections ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{i}$ and photoelectron angular distribution parameters ${\ensuremath{\beta}}_{i}$ are measured for all possible final ionic states of ${\mathrm{Br}}^{+}$ between the ${}^{3}{P}_{2}$ and ${}^{1}{S}_{0}$ thresholds. The decay patterns of the autoionizing ${4p}^{4}{}^{3}{P}_{1,0}n\mathcal{l}$, ${4p}^{4}{}^{1}{D}_{2}n\mathcal{l}$, and ${4p}^{4}{}^{1}{S}_{0}n\mathcal{l}$ Rydberg series arising from the $4\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{p}ns,md$ excitations are observed at the fine-structure level in all available channels. For each Rydberg series, the energies, quantum defects, and photoelectron angular distribution parameters are determined, as well as the widths and shape parameters of the low-lying members. Relative total cross sections are derived from the partial cross sections and from ion-yield measurements over the lowest members of the ${}^{3}{P}_{1,0}$ and ${}^{1}{D}_{2}$ series. All major spectroscopic and dynamic properties of these series are reported for this open-shell atom. Conclusions are drawn from the comprehensive data sets in comparison with other halogen atoms and the neighboring closed-shell rare gas atoms. Our results, encompassing the entire autoionization regime, are compared with other experimental data and theoretical calculations, where available.
Time base synchronization for interconnecting Real-Time platforms in co-simulation

Co-simulation is a versatile technique for splitting a large system model into multiple components that can then be solved in parallel on interconnected simulation platforms. This is most useful for interconnecting diverse Real-Time platforms (possibly from different vendors). A challenge emerges from the discrepancy of the time base between the systems. Even a minute difference in the frequencies of the forcing functions (i.e. stiff voltage and current sources in simulations of electrical systems) will cause spurious drifting and low frequency oscillations in the simulation results. A resolution is proposed in this paper based on a synchronization signal originating from one platform called the master and sent to the others. The effectiveness of this approach is demonstrated through implementation on actual hardware, namely an interconnection between RTDS™ and Typhoon HIL platforms.
Essence Video Showcase: Olfactory Interfaces for Unconscious Influence

The sense of smell is perhaps the most pervasive of all senses, but it is also one of the least understood and least exploited in HCI. We present Essence, the first olfactory computational necklace that can be remotely controlled through a smartphone and can vary the intensity and frequency of the released scent based on biometric or contextual data. We present a set of applications for this type of technology as well as the main components of the olfactory display. This video accompanies our CHI full paper [1].
Jugular-infused methionine, lysine and branched-chain amino acids does not improve milk production in Holstein cows experiencing heat stress

Poor utilization of amino acids contributes to losses of milk protein yield in dairy cows exposed to heat stress (HS). Our objective was to test the effect of essential amino acids on milk production in lactating dairy cows exposed to short-term HS conditions. To achieve this objective, 12 multiparous, lactating Holstein cows were assigned to two environments (thermoneutral (THN) or HS) from days 1 to 14 in a split-plot type cross-over design. All cows received 0 g/day of essential amino acids from days 1 to 7 (negative control (NC)) followed by an intravenous infusion of l-methionine (12 g/day), l-lysine (21 g/day), l-leucine (35 g/day), l-isoleucine (15 g/day) and l-valine (15 g/day, methionine, lysine and branched-chain amino acids (ML+BCAA)) from days 8 to 14. The basal diet was composed of ryegrass silage and hay, and a concentrate mix. This diet supplied 44 g of methionine, 125 g of lysine, 167 g of leucine, 98 g of isoleucine and 109 g of valine per day to the small intestine of THN cows. Temperature-humidity index was maintained below 66 for the THN environment, whereas the index was maintained above 68, peaking at 76, for 14 continuous h/day for the HS environment. Heat stress conditioning increased the udder temperature from 37.0°C to 39.6°C. Cows that received the ML+BCAA treatment had greater p.m. rectal and vaginal temperatures (0.50°C and 0.40°C, respectively), and respiration rate (8 breaths/min) compared with those on the NC treatment and exposed to a HS environment. However, neither NC nor ML+BCAA affected rectal or vaginal temperatures and respiration rates in the THN environment. Compared with THN, the HS environment reduced dry matter intake (1.48 kg/day), milk yield (2.82 kg/day) and milk protein yield (0.11 kg/day). However, compared with NC, the ML+BCAA treatment increased milk protein percent by 0.07 points. For the THN environment, the ML+BCAA treatment increased concentrations of milk urea nitrogen. For the HS environment, the ML+BCAA treatment decreased plasma concentrations of arginine, ornithine and citrulline; however, differences were not observed for the THN environment. In summary, HS elicited expected changes in production; however, infusions of ML+BCAA failed to increase milk protein yield. Lower dry matter intake and greater heat load in response to ML+BCAA contributed to the lack of response in milk production in HS cows. The ML+BCAA treatment may have reduced the breakdown of muscle protein in heat-stressed cows.
A GPP-Based Sectionalization Toward a Fast Power Transmission System Restoration

High voltage transmission lines, in outdoor area, are in danger of extreme events such as tornadoes and hurricanes. Accordingly, terrible damage of transmission lines will cause a power grid blackout. Sectionalization as a part of a restoration process can make a power grid resilient by splitting it into multiple smaller areas. Then a diminutive portion of the total load is supplied at each area by black-start (BS) generation units with their self-start capability. To find the optimal sectionalization and perform a fast consumer electrification, a mathematical model is designed upon the association between the power transmission system sectionalization (PTSS) and graph-partitioning problem (GPP). The proposed GPP-based PTSS model finds the optimal sectionalization and restoration plan through a bi-level programming structure with sectionalization and restoration levels. Furthermore, pre-emptive goal programming (PEGP) supports the multiple objective termsof both levels. The model’s efficiency is analyzed by IEEE 14- and 118-bus test systems.
La obra de Nelly Alarcón, un lenguaje textil con valor diferenciador

This article accounts for the research “Analysis of the Chilean wardrobe from 1968 to 1978. Identification of visual, morphological and technical features that characterized the phenomenon of Latin American fashion”, which aims to elucidate the features of differentiation regarding foreign trends. Five exponents made up the Chilean Latin American Fashion during the study period when each one of them proposed a territorial story to their designs. Nelly Alarcon’s textile work will be presented as a case study.
'To Married Ladies It Is Peculiarly Suited': Nineteenth-Century Abortion in an Archaeological Context

Abortion was a lucrative business in the 19th century. Advertisements for services and patent-medicine abortifacients abounded and were targeted primarily at married, middle-class women engaged in family planning. Contemporary accounts suggest that one in five 19th-century pregnancies may have ended in abortion. Concerns over a potentially shifting demography prompted a backlash, and by the end of the century abortion was prohibited under most circumstances. Despite its widespread occurrence, archaeological evidence of abortion has been limited to a few documented cases, most notably the privy of the brothel at Five Points. The discovery of fetal remains and associated artifacts in two upstate New York domestic privies offers an opportunity to discuss the archaeology of abortion within the context of middle-class family planning, as well as the problems inherent in identifying abortion archaeologically.
History Taking in Gastrointestinal Disease, and Evaluation of Abdominal Pain

This chapter presents an orderly approach for evaluating pain appearing in any quadrant of the abdomen. The approach requires an adequate knowledge of the major disorders that may occur in the abdomen, their usual presenting and associated symptoms, and the physical findings that may be anticipated. Each diagnostic procedures should be employed to answer a specific question, and those that are least costly and least troublesome for the patient should be used first. The willy-nilly use of any and all diagnostic procedures tends to add much to the patient's discomfort and little to the solution of the clinical problem. The physician of the 1980s is at considerable risk of suffering from an abundance of riches when the full range of diagnostic procedures currently available is critically analyzed. Not only have conventional radiological procedures been improved but also entirely new techniques such as ultrasonography and computed tomographic scanning have been shown to be capable of duplicating, supplementing, or even replacing the older modalities.
Sources of Compounds Containing Boron—Carbon Bonds

The first step in the synthesis of organoboranes is the conversion of borax (sodium borate, Na2B4O7 −10H2O), the most common ore of boron [1], into a more tractable derivative for reduction. Acidification of borax with carbon dioxide yields boric acid [B(OH)3] [2], which reacts with various alcohols under dehydrating conditions such as azeotropic codistillation of water to form trialkyl borates [trialkoxyboranes, B(OR)3] [3]. Trimethyl borate [B(OCH3)3], from boric acid and methanol, forms an azeotrope with methanol. Pure trimethyl borate can be separated from the methanol in the azeotrope by extraction with mineral oil and distillation [2].
Neighbourhood racial/ethnic residential segregation and cardiometabolic risk: the multiethnic study of atherosclerosis

Background Racial residential segregation has been linked to adverse health outcomes, but associations may operate through multiple pathways. Prior studies have not examined associations of neighbourhood-level racial segregation with an index of cardiometabolic risk (CMR) and whether associations differ by race/ethnicity. Methods We used data from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis to estimate cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of baseline neighbourhood-level racial residential segregation with a composite measure of CMR. Participants included 5015 non-Hispanic black, non-Hispanic white and Hispanic participants aged 45–84 years old over 12 years of follow-up (2000–2012). We used linear mixed effects models to estimate race-stratified associations of own-group segregation with CMR at baseline and with the rate of annual change in CMR. Models were adjusted for sociodemographics, medication use and individual-level and neighbourhood-level socioeconomic status (SES). Results In models adjusted for sociodemographics and medication use, high baseline segregation was associated with higher baseline CMR among blacks and Hispanics but lower baseline CMR among whites. Individual and neighbourhood-level SES fully explained observed associations between segregation and CMR for whites and Hispanics. However, associations of segregation with CMR among blacks remained (high vs low segregation: mean difference 0.17 SD units, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.32; medium vs low segregation: mean difference 0.18 SD units, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.33). Baseline segregation was not associated with change in CMR index scores over time. Conclusion Associations of own-group racial residential segregation with CMR varied by race/ethnicity. After accounting for SES, living in a more segregated neighbourhood was associated with greater risk among black participants only.
Microstructure and Friction of Ion Beam Induced Amorphous Ti-Pd Alloys

Multilayered samples of Ti-Pd with linearly varying compositions were irradiated by Xe ions at 600 keV. The induced microstructures were studied by using transmission electron microscopy and Rutherford backscattering. Mixing was found to be complete over the entire composition range, resulting in amorphous or amorphous plus crystalline structures except at the palladium-rich end, where a crystalline Pd-Ti solid solution was obtained. This is consistent with the high equilibrium solubility of Ti in Pd. In addition, significant coarsening of the microstructure caused by irradiation was found in this solid solution region. Friction measurements were carried out in air and water by using a polytetrafluoroethylene pin as a counterpart. In air the friction coefficient was independent of composition and microstructure after about 2000 passes. In water, however, after 600 passes the friction coefficient reached a steady-state value with a pronounced minimum over the amorphous region. This property was unchanged throughout the remaining 10000 passes.
Two Interventions for PatientsWith Major Depression and Severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Impact on Quality of Life

ABSTRACT Objective Clinically significant depression occurs in approximately 40% of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients, and both illnesses severely impair quality of life. This study tests the hypothesis that problem-solving integrated with a treatment adherence intervention, the Problem Solving-Adherence (PSA), is superior to a personalized treatment adherence intervention, the Personalized Intervention for Depressed Patients with COPD (PID-C), alone in improving quality of life in depressed COPD patients. Methods After screening 633 admissions for acute rehabilitation, we studied quality of life in 87 participants with major depression (by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition) and severe COPD randomly assigned to 14 sessions of PID-C or PSA over 26 weeks. Quality of life was assessed using the Word Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF at baseline and weeks 10, 14, and 26. Results The hypothesis was not supported. Exploratory latent class growth modeling identified two quality of life trajectories. In 80.5% of participants, quality of life remained unchanged and improved in the remaining 19.5% during the first 14 weeks. Patients with a stable quality trajectory had higher qualityof life at baseline and a stronger sense of personal agency. Conclusion Maintaining quality of life is a favorable outcome in depressed patients with COPD whose course is one of deterioration. These findings highlight the usefulness of PID-C, an easy to learn, personalized adherence enhancement intervention that, after further testing, may be integrated into the rehabilitation and care of depressed COPD patients.
Supercritical sequences, and the nonrationality of most principal permutation classes

Abstract We prove that for any fixed n , and for most permutation patterns q , the number Av n , l ( q ) of q -avoiding permutations of length n that consist of l skew blocks is a monotone decreasing function of l . We then show that this implies that for most patterns q , the generating function ∑ n ≥ 0 Av n ( q ) z n of the sequence Av n ( q ) of the numbers of q -avoiding permutations is not rational. Placing our results in a broader context, we show that for rational power series F ( z ) and G ( z ) with nonnegative real coefficients, the relation F ( z ) = 1 ∕ ( 1 − G ( z ) ) is supercritical, while for most permutation patterns q , the corresponding relation is not supercritical.
How Anionic Lipids Affect Spatiotemporal Properties of KRAS4B on Model Membranes.

RAS proteins are small membrane-anchored GTPases that regulate key cellular signaling networks. It has been recently shown that different anionic lipid types can affect the spatiotemporal propertie...