cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 2315: Reversible disruption of mSWI/SNF-like BAF complexes by the SS18-SSX oncogenic fusion in synovial sarcoma.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC Recent exon sequencing studies have revealed frequent mutations in subunits of SWI/SNF or BAF complexes and implicated them as tumor suppressors. Indeed, we estimate that they are mutated in 15.8 percent of sequenced human cancers. Interestingly, the subunits most commonly mutated are not required for chromatin remodeling in vitro and thus may contribute to chromatin regulation in a novel way. One difficultly in understanding the role of these complexes in cancer is distinguishing primary driving mutations from passenger mutations. To investigate the underlying mechanism we studied human synovial sarcoma (SS), in which transformation results from a remarkably precise and uniform translocation of exactly 78 amino acids of SSX to the SS18 protein. In a proteomic study we discovered that SS18 is a dedicated, non-exchangeable subunit of BAF complexes. We demonstrate that the hallmark SS18-SSX fusion incorporates into BAF complexes, evicting both the wild-type SS18 protein and the tumor suppressor, hSNF5 (BAF47). The altered complex binds the Sox2 locus, reversing polycomb-mediated repression and results in Sox2 activation. Sox2 is uniformly expressed in SS tumors and is essential for their proliferation. Increasing the concentration of wild-type SS18 leads to reassembly of the wild-type complex, retargeting of BAF complexes away from the Sox2 locus, polycomb-mediated repression of Sox2 and cessation of proliferation. This mechanism of transformation depends on only two amino acids of SSX and hence provides a potential foundation for therapeutic intervention. Citation Format: Cigall Kadoch, Gerald R. Crabtree. Reversible disruption of mSWI/SNF-like BAF complexes by the SS18-SSX oncogenic fusion in synovial sarcoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2315. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2315
Continued usage intention of multifunctional friend networking services

The success of multifunctional friend networking (MFN) sites such as Facebook directly relies on users' continuous participation and content contribution. Information systems and marketing literature offers competing models and perspectives that explain users' development of continued usage intention of a technology. Drawing on the dual-process theories of decision making, this study theoretically integrates extant post-adoption continuance models, and examines the potential value for a dual-process model that combines the key components of the competing continuance models. The integrated model posits that three contrasting and interacting mechanisms, that is, analytic based mechanism, emotional based mechanism, and habit/automaticity, underlie the development of two MFN continuance intentions: continuance intention and usage comprehensiveness intention. Using responses from Facebook users, the findings of this study reveal evidence supporting the notion that an integrated model provides explanatory value. The findings also suggest that the three mechanisms simultaneously, yet differentially impact the two continuance intentions. Nevertheless, most respondents in this study have more than 2years of experience with Facebook. It will be interesting for future research to focus on less experienced Facebook users for comparison purposes. We theoretically contrast the extant IT continuance models.We examine the potential value for an integrated dual-process model.The integrated model provides the greatest explanatory power.
Recognition of endemic and epidemic prosthetic device infections: the role of surveillance, the hospital infection control practitioner, and the hospital epidemiologist.

SUMMARY Surveillance as a means of identifying endemic and epidemic problems is an established and useful public health practice, which increasingly has been applied to the hospital population. The current practice of hospital infection control surveillance tends to concentrate on acute, in-hospital events. It will miss most longer-term prosthetic device infections, since they will often appear at a distance both in time and place. Currently, case report information is not reliably returned to the hospital or physician responsible for the implantation of the device. Since ongoing analysis of the epidemiologic patterns involved in these cases would seem useful, it is proposed that existing infection control units create, define, and maintain a system of networking communication to return case data to the hospital of origin. This hospital could then combine these data with its own population data, in the hopes of generating useful epidemiologic information for the future.
Renal transplantation and hearing loss in Alport's syndrome.

4 malades atteints de syndrome d'Alport sont traites par transplantation renale. Les andiogrammes repetes montrent apres la transplantation une deterioration dans un cas, une amelioration dans un cas, aucun changement dans 2 cas
A biologically-assisted curved muscle model of the lumbar spine: Model structure.

Abstract Background Biomechanical models have been developed to assess the spine tissue loads of individuals. However, most models have assumed trunk muscle lines of action as straight-lines, which might be less reliable during occupational tasks that require complex lumbar motions. The objective of this study was to describe the model structure and underlying logic of a biologically-assisted curved muscle model of the lumbar spine. Methods The developed model structure including curved muscle geometry, separation of active and passive muscle forces, and personalization of muscle properties was described. An example of the model procedure including data collection, personalization, and data evaluation was also illustrated. Findings Three-dimensional curved muscle geometry was developed based on a predictive model using magnetic resonance imaging and anthropometric measures to personalize the model for each individual. Calibration algorithms were able to reverse-engineer personalized muscle properties to calculate active and passive muscle forces of each individual. Interpretation This biologically-assisted curved muscle model will significantly increase the accuracy of spinal tissue load predictions for the entire lumbar spine during complex dynamic occupational tasks. Personalized active and passive muscle force algorithms will help to more robustly investigate person-specific muscle forces and spinal tissue loads.
Measuring the Thermo-Optic Response of Dielectric Stack Mirrors

Using a pump-probe Michelson experiment, we test the theory of thermo-optic (TO) effects in dielectric mirror coatings. We observe partial cancellation between coating expansion and TO effects. We also measure relevant thin film material parameters.
Language Dominance with Left Hemisphere Tumors

Hemispheric language dominance in 12 children with slow growing tumors near left hemisphere language areas was studied at the Cleveland Clinic, OH.
Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.

BackgroundFew studies have evaluated the association between secondhand smoke (SHS) and subclinical cardiovascular disease among ethnically diverse populations. This study assesses the impact of SH...
High-Efficiency High-Power-Density LLC Converter With an Integrated Planar Matrix Transformer for High-Output Current Applications

Isolated high-output current DC/DC converters are critical for future data center power architecture. LLC converters with matrix transformer are suitable for these applications due to its high efficiency and high power density. Different matrix transformer structures are investigated in this paper. To improve the current design practice, a high-frequency transformer loss model is developed and a detailed design methodology is proposed. Moreover, a novel matrix transformer structure is proposed to integrate four elemental transformers into one magnetic core with simple four-layer print circuit board windings implementation and further reduced core loss. By pushing switching frequency up to megahertz with GaN devices, the proposed matrix transformer can achieve high efficiency, high power density, and automatic manufacturing for magnetic components. A 1-MHz 380 V/12 V 800-W LLC converter with GaN devices is demonstrated. The prototype achieves a peak efficiency of 97.6% and a power density of 900 W/in3.
Explicit control laws for some classes of feedforward systems

Abstract In a recent paper (Krstic, “Feedforward systems linearizable by coordinate change,” submitted to ACC’04) we revealed that the family of feedforward systems contains a substantial class that is linearizable by a diffeomorphic coordinate change. In this paper we present two subclasses for which explicit control formulae can be derived, which also allows us to give quantitative performance bounds. Our procedures follow the general integrator forwarding transformations of Mazenc-Praly/Sepulchre-Jankovic- Kokotovic but avoid the requirements to solve (analytically) a series of nonlinear ODEs and to compute (analytically) a series of integrals with respect to time.
Anomalous aging of EPDM and FEPM under combined thermo-oxidative and hydrolytic conditions

Abstract Previous observation of EPDM and FEPM materials aged in thermo-oxidative and thermo-oxidative plus hydrolytic environments revealed an unusual trend: the degradation and disintegration of these polymers in the former case but the ability to maintain mechanical performance and shape in the latter [1]. No abnormalities were observed in the chemical (oxidation rates, FTIR spectra, solvent uptake, gel content, and weight loss vs. temperature) or physical (modulus profile) measurements that could explain these empirically observed aging differences. A second controlled aging test was conducted to verify this trend using only EPDM. Once again it was shown that thermo-oxidative conditions appear to cause more degradative damage (enhanced embrittlement) than observed for the combined thermo-oxidative plus hydrolytic environments. From these data we conclude that water may favorably interfere with normal thermo-oxidative degradation processes. This interference may occur via some combination of chemical and physical property changes in the presence of steam such as: oxidation rate and O 2 permeability changes, additional sensitivity to hydrolytic damage, and/or mechanistic changes in relation to pH and hydroperoxide formation.
DeepDecision: A Mobile Deep Learning Framework for Edge Video Analytics

Deep learning shows great promise in providing more intelligence to augmented reality (AR) devices, but few AR apps use deep learning due to lack of infrastructure support. Deep learning algorithms are computationally intensive, and front-end devices cannot deliver sufficient compute power for real-time processing. In this work, we design a framework that ties together front-end devices with more powerful backend “helpers” (e.g., home servers) to allow deep learning to be executed locally or remotely in the cloud/edge. We consider the complex interaction between model accuracy, video quality, battery constraints, network data usage, and network conditions to determine an optimal offloading strategy. Our contributions are: (1) extensive measurements to understand the tradeoffs between video quality, network conditions, battery consumption, processing delay, and model accuracy; (2) a measurement-driven mathematical framework that efficiently solves the resulting combinatorial optimization problem; (3) an Android application that performs real-time object detection for AR applications, with experimental results that demonstrate the superiority of our approach.
Green's function for a sharpened and metal-coated dielectric probe

In apertureless scanning-probe optical microscopy and in the case of more traditional scanned optical probes coated with a metal that is thin near the probe tip (in lieu of an aperture), samples are probed via interaction between the probe and surface. In the nanometer-scale region between the tip and the sample, the field can be approximated by quasi-electrostatic analytics. Hence, the coated probe can be modeled as in the present case as a hyperboloid of revolution without the need for hyperboloidal wave functions in the near zone. The solutions to Laplace's equation and in general Green's function with the application of the boundary conditions, therefore, yield an appropriate approximation and allow a completely analytical solution for the resonance effects upon the probe tip to be obtained. The large field enhancements due to the sharpness of the tip and to surface plasmon fields may thus be analytically examined.
Critically Understanding Impact Evaluations: Technical, Methodological, Organizational, and Political Issues

It is crucial that scholars, but also policymakers and practitioners, have a critical understanding of the conceptual and technical limitations of impact evaluations, as well as the ways that they are necessarily affected by organizational and political dynamics. In order to achieve a critical understanding of impact evaluations, this chapter directs its attention toward both their most common form—regression analysis—as well as the form that is seen to be more robust, that is, randomized control trials (RCTs). The methodological assumptions of each of these are discussed, first, in conceptual terms before moving on to a review of some more technical issues. The final section of the chapter turns to a consideration of how the production of impact evaluations is affected by organizational and political dynamics. In all, this chapter advocates a critical understanding of impact evaluations in five senses: conceptually, technically, contextually, organizationally, and politically.
Hybrid algal photosynthesis and ion exchange (HAPIX) process for high ammonium strength wastewater treatment.

Abstract A hybrid algal photosynthesis and ion exchange (HAPIX) process was developed that uses natural zeolite (chabazite) and wild type algae to treat high ammonium (NH4+) strength wastewater. In the HAPIX process, NH4+ is temporarily adsorbed from the liquid, which reduces the free ammonia (FA) concentration below the inhibitory level for algal growth. The slow release of adsorbed NH4+ subsequently supports the continuous growth of algae. In this study, a HAPIX reactor reduced NH4+-N concentrations in centrate from an anaerobic digester from 1180 mg L−1 to below 10 mg L−1 without dilution. Chabazite doses of 60 g L−1 produced more algal biomass, with higher protein and starch contents, than doses of 150 g L−1 and 250 g L−1. Approximately 67–70% of fatty acids in the algal biomass harvested from HAPIX reactors were unsaturated. A mathematical framework that couples a homogeneous surface diffusion model with a co-limitation algal kinetic growth model reasonably predicted the algal biomass production and NH4+-N concentrations in the HAPIX reactors. The HAPIX process has the potential to serve a two-fold purpose of high NH4+-N strength wastewater treatment and agricultural or commercial biopolymer production.
Nonlinear Aeroelasticity Theory in 2D Aerodynamics: Flutter Instability as an LCO

In this chapter we return to the full nonlinear aeroelastic problem as stated in Chap. 3, with the structure models both linear and nonlinear, described in Chap. 2 and the isentropic aerodynamics as treated in Chap. 3 with the flow tangency and the Kutta–Joukowsky boundary conditions. Recall that we use continuum models without immediately approximating them by finite-dimensional models as in all the current aeroelastic literature.
Selecting sleep-disordered-breathing appliances. Biomechanical considerations.

ABSTRACT Background Dentists who wish to provide sleep-disordered–breathing therapy have many different mandibular advancement devices, or MADs, from which to select. Documented research directly about the variations in MADs is sparse. Types of Studies Reviewed The author reviewed dental and medical literature dealing with biological and mechanical principles affecting the function of MADs. Results The author found that MADs vary in four major areas: freedom of mandibular movement, amount and rigidity of dental coverage, amount of mandibular advancement and amount of bite opening. Each of these areas appears to affect the appliance's efficacy, safety or both. The main potential detrimental effect of MADs is occlusal shifting. The author presents biological and mechanical considerations in an attempt to determine the optimum parameters for each of the MAD variation areas. The MAD must be constructed in a manner and with material that secures the mandible in its optimum position. The optimum mandibular position needs to be captured and transferred to the articulator with an accurate construction bite. Clinical Implications MAD therapy may last a lifetime. Therefore, dentists must consider the efficacy and the safety of an MAD when selecting an appliance. Since occlusal shifting appears to be the main potential detrimental effect, dentists should consider all available means to monitor and minimize these changes.
To Quit or Not to Quit: Predicting Future Behavioral Disengagement from Reading Patterns

This research predicted behavioral disengagement using quitting behaviors while learning from instructional texts. Supervised machine learning algorithms were used to predict if students would quit an upcoming text by analyzing reading behaviors observed in previous texts. Behavioral disengagement quitting at any point during the text was predicted with an accuracy of 76.5% 48% above chance, before students even began engaging with the text. We also predicted if a student would quit reading on the first page of a text or continue reading past the first page with an accuracy of 88.5% 29% above chance, as well as if students would quit sometime after the first page with an accuracy of 81.4% 51% greater than chance. Both actual quits and predicted quits were significantly related to learning, which provides some evidence for the predictive validity of our model. Implications and future work related to ITSs are also discussed.
History of Koprowski Vaccine Against Poliomyelitis

It all started, like much in science, with prior failure and frustration. Poliomyelitis had become prominent late in the nineteenth century, and by the middle of the twentieth was an epidemic disease that fascinated laymen and scientists alike. In 1946, we knew from the work of Landsteiner and Popper in 1909 [1] that polio was caused by a virus, and from the work of Burnet and McNamara [2] that there was more than one type of poliovirus, although we did not know how many until 1951 [3]. Nevertheless, it had been established that prior infection protected primates against subsequent homologous infection, which suggested that a vaccine was ­possible. But how? The only possible substrate at that time was monkey spinal cord. Two separate attempts were made in 1935 to inactivate such suspensions, one with formalin and one with sodium ricinoleate: both failed, and many cases of poliomyelitis were caused by the vaccines, some fatal [4, 5]. Thus, it was back to the drawing board for virologists.
Synthetic strategy toward verrucarins. An approach toward verrucarol

Aus dem 4-Methyl-2-cyclohexenon (I) entsteht nach bekannten Verfahren uber das spirocyclische Cyclobutanon (II) das Ester-dithioketal (III), das uber (IV) zum Aldehyd (V) reagiert, der dann in das Cyclobutanon (VI) umgewandelt und weiter zum Lacton (VII) oxidiert wird.
MOTIFS AND OLD TESTAMENT THEOLOGY

Abstract: The article discusses the importance of motifs for understanding Old Testament literature. Motif is defined as the term is used in the biblical studies guild. The article begins by tracing the “clothing motif” in the Joseph narrative. Next, it progresses to a brief discussion of the methods of intertextuality, especially cultivating allusion competence and recognizing how motifs develop in Scripture. The article also demonstrates how this methodology can be applied to one specific motif: the “wilderness” as it unfolds in several early chapters in the book of consolation from the prophet Isaiah. This article demonstrates that studying motifs and their development intertextuality is a method that is beneficial and essential to a deeper description of Scriptural teaching. KEYWORDS:
Professionalism, Quality, and Safety for Pediatric Otolaryngologists

Professionalism, quality, and safety have become essential components of pediatric otolaryngology. Professionalism, as defined by Osler, refers to the long tradition of physicians carrying out the noble cause of providing health care to patients and families. The importance of professionalism cannot be overstated and now is widely understood to be a core competency of every practicing physician. The attention to quality and safety is also a central tenet of current surgical practice. Quality is doing the right thing at the right time for the right persons. Safety is providing care to patients that is free from undue harm.
Short Sleep Duration in Working American Adults, 2010–2018

Short sleep duration is detrimental to physical and mental health. In this study, we explored the epidemiology of short sleep duration (< 7 h) in working American adults from 2010 to 2018. Data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) were analyzed to describe the prevalence and trends of short sleep duration by demographic and employment characteristics of working American adults. Overall, the prevalence of short sleep duration in working American adults increased significantly from 2010 to 2018 (30.9% in 2010 to 35.6% in 2018). Across the 9-year study period, short sleep duration prevalence varied significantly by demographic characteristics (i.e. age, race, marital status, number of children in the household, residing region, level of education) and occupational characteristics. Compared to 2010, the odds of short sleep duration were statistically significantly higher in 2018 despite adjusting for demographic characteristics (25% higher) and occupational characteristics (22% higher). In 2018, the highest levels of short sleep duration were found for the following categories of jobs: protective service and military (50%), healthcare support occupations (45%), transport and material moving (41%), and production occupations (41%). Sleep hygiene education may be especially useful for those in occupations with high rates of short sleep duration.
An analysis of the sessile, structure-forming invertebrates living on California oil and gas platforms

Using video transects of oil and gas platform crossbeams off central and southern California, we characterized the structure-forming invertebrates (with a height of at least 20 cm) found around 23 oil and gas platforms at depths between 20 and 363 m. We observed 20,357 individual invertebrates, comprising 19,800 Cnidaria and 557 Porifera of at least 15 species or species groups. Metridium farcimen (Brandt, 1835) was by far the most commonly observed cnidarian, forming 97.6% of all invertebrates catalogued. The alcyonacean, Leptogorgia chilensis (Verrill, 1868), and the scleractinian, Lophelia pertusa (Linnaeus, 1758), were the most commonly observed corals. White vase sponges (most or all in the family Aphrocallistidae) were the most abundant of the sponges (comprising 38.4% observed). We also documented a variety of unidentified foliose, barrel, and other various-shaped sponges. The height of these invertebrates ranged from 20 to 80 cm. Taxa displayed a variety of depth patterns. Some, such as M. farcimen, unidentified white vase sponges, and L. pertusa, were found throughout most or all of the survey depth range, while others (notably the gorgonians L. chilensis, Placogorgia spp., and Acanthogorgia spp.) were found over a relatively narrow range. Invertebrate assemblages tended to be similar among many platforms reflecting species similarities over a broad range of platform depths. Based on these relationships, it is apparent that the assemblages of structure-forming invertebrates varied by depth rather than geography.
Protecting timberland RMZs through carbon markets: A protocol for riparian carbon offsets

Abstract Riparian Management Zone (RMZ) allocations can place a burden on landowners due to restrictions (sometimes prohibitions) on harvesting. The opportunity cost for the landowner may be minimized by shifting the primary management objective in RMZs from timber production to compensation for above-ground carbon. Our primary objective was to compare long-term net revenue generating potential of RMZs under three scenarios: (I) compensation for carbon credits without harvesting; (II) partial harvesting using Best Management Practices (BMP) guidelines without carbon credits; (III) partial harvesting combined with carbon credits as per the California Compliance Offset Protocol. Basic stand data on trees of 2.5 cm and higher were collected in riparian forest plots along headwater streams within two experimental forests in the northeast US. The USFS Forest Vegetation Simulator was used to simulate growth and yield and schedule management activities over 20-year cutting cycles. Timber volumes and registry offset credits along with their market values were calculated for the respective scenarios and a Net Present Value (NPV) and Equal Annual Equivalent (EAE) analysis was performed under assumptions of constant prices and costs. The initial aboveground carbon stocks at both locations were 32% and 140% higher than the average value for their assessment areas. Having above-average carbon stocks and basal areas between 30 and 33 m2/ha, all scenarios returned positive NPVs and EAEs. The hardwood riparian forest had a higher NPV and EAE by not participating in the carbon markets and pursuing partial harvesting as per BMP guidelines (Scenario II) at lower discount rates but had higher NPVs and EAEs under carbon markets at higher discount rates (Scenario I and III). The conifer/mixed species riparian forest provided greater positive net revenue flows by participating in the carbon markets either in a no harvesting scenario or under partial harvesting as per guidelines in the Protocol (Scenarios I and III). Our results indicate that a protocol for compensating landowners with large forest holdings for riparian carbon offsets provides an opportunity to generate positive net revenues in scenarios in which state BMP guidelines may restrict harvesting in RMZs. Given the high density of ecologically critical headwater streams in the Northeast and potential RMZ restrictions, the carbon offset option provides landowners with the opportunity to remain economically viable.
Development of a GPU-Based Mont Carlo Simulation Tool for PET

Monte Carlo simulation for positron emission tomography (PET) is important in terms of designing new prototype devices and reconstruction algorithms. However, most of current simulation packages suffer from long simulation time. To fully address the time issue, a GPU based efficient and accurate simulation package, gPET, was developed and validated. gPET is built on the NVidia CUDA platform. The simulation process was modularized into three functional parts: 1) source management, including positron decay, transport and annihilation, 2) gamma transport inside the voxelized phantom, and 3) signal detection and processing inside the detector with repeatable parts in three level hierarchy: panel, module and crystal scintillator. A predefined surface can be further used to simulate irregularly shaped detector. GPU shared memory was used to accelerate the program. The performance of gPET was compared with GATE8.0 in two cases: 1) ten million positrons from C-11 point source centered in an 8 cm3 cubic water phantom were simulated. Gammas generated from the annihilation process were further transported in an eight-panel-detector 6.65 cm away from the center; 2) fifteen million gamma pairs were directly transported into a six-panel-detector with an inner cylinder shape. The mean positron ranges are 0.99 mm and 1.14 mm for gPET and GATE/Geant4, respectively. 0.5% difference in angular distribution is found for the gammas from annihilated positron. In both cases, the differences of energy distribution and spatial distribution over crystals are below 3% for the final coincidence pairs. The computation times for gPET on single Titan Xp GPU (1.58 GHz) and GATE8.0 on single Intel i7-6850K CPU (3.6 GHz) were 0.6 s/million histories and 300 s/million histories, respectively. In summary, gPET is an efficient and accurate Monte Carlo simulation tool for PET.
“Sticky Baby Dust” and Emoji: Social Support on Instagram during In Vitro Fertilization

Searching the Internet for health information is now routine; recommending and receiving medical expertise on social media platforms such as Instagram (IG) during medical treatment remains understudied. After analyzing more than 200 images on IG related to (in)fertility treatment, we employed a directed content analysis. In this manuscript, we investigate self- disclosure related to in vitro fertilization treatment on IG and the types of linguistic (e.g., written affirmations, hashtags) and paralinguistic (e.g., emoji) feedback given in response. We found users on IG received emotional (e.g., expressions of care), informational (e.g., medical and treatment advice), tangible (e.g., gifted medicine and care packages), and belonging (e.g., #ttcsisters) functions of social support in response to self-disclosure (Uchino, 2004). By concluding that social media platforms allow for unique social support exchanges, we offer theoretical and practical implications for scholars, practitioners, and patients interested in social support, supportive communication, and emoji on social media platforms.
Same-day use of cigarettes, alcohol, and cannabis among sexual minority and heterosexual young adult smokers.

Objective Sexual minority (SM) young adults have higher rates of substance use than heterosexuals, but little is known about daily use of multiple substances, which confer numerous health risks for this population. Using daily diary data from a smartphone-based study, we examined the associations between sexual identity (i.e., SM vs. heterosexual) and patterns of same-day multiple substance use (i.e., cigarettes and alcohol, cigarettes and cannabis, alcohol and cannabis, and all 3 substances). Method Young adult smokers (N = 147, aged 18-26, 51.7% female, 41.5% SM, 40.8% White) reported consecutive daily assessments on substance use over 30 days. We used generalized estimating equations to examine associations between sexual identity and patterns of same-day multiple substance use, controlling for demographic factors and psychological distress. Results Of 2,891 daily assessments, 16.7% reported same-day use of cigarettes and alcohol, 18.1% cigarettes and cannabis, 1.5% alcohol and cannabis, and 15.0% use of all 3 substances. SM participants (vs. heterosexuals) had significantly greater odds of reporting days with use of cigarettes and cannabis [Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 2.05, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) [1.04, 4.01]] and use of all three substances (AOR = 2.79, 95% CI [1.51, 5.14]) than days with single substance use or no use. Conclusions These findings warrant tailored interventions addressing multiple substance use among SM young adults and temporally accurate measures of multiple substance use patterns. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Black/African American Communities are at highest risk of COVID-19: spatial modeling of New York City ZIP Code-level testing results.

Abstract Purpose The population and spatial characteristics of COVID-19 infections are poorly understood, but there is increasing evidence that in addition to individual clinical factors, demographic, socioeconomic, and racial characteristics play an important role. Methods We analyzed positive COVID-19 testing results counts within New York City ZIP Code Tabulation Areas with Bayesian hierarchical Poisson spatial models using integrated nested Laplace approximations. Results Spatial clustering accounted for approximately 32% of the variation in the data. There was a nearly five-fold increase in the risk of a positive COVID-19 test (incidence density ratio = 4.8, 95% credible interval 2.4, 9.7) associated with the proportion of black/African American residents. Increases in the proportion of residents older than 65 years, housing density, and the proportion of residents with heart disease were each associated with an approximate doubling of risk. In a multivariable model including estimates for age, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heart disease, housing density, and black/African American race, the only variables that remained associated with positive COVID-19 testing with a probability greater than chance were the proportion of black/African American residents and proportion of older persons. Conclusions Areas with large proportions of black/African American residents are at markedly higher risk that is not fully explained by characteristics of the environment and pre-existing conditions in the population.
Optimal carbon partitioning reconciles the apparent divergence between optimal and observed canopy profiles of photosynthetic capacity

Research conducted. Photosynthetic capacity per unit irradiance is greater, and the marginal carbon revenue of water (∂A/∂E) is smaller, in shaded leaves than sunlit leaves, apparently contradicting optimization theory. I tested the hypothesis that these patterns arise from optimal carbon partitioning subject to biophysical constraints on leaf water potential. Methods. In a whole plant model with two canopy modules, I adjusted carbon partitioning, nitrogen partitioning and leaf water potential to maximize carbon profit or canopy photosynthesis, and recorded how gas exchange parameters compared between shaded and sunlit modules in the optimum. Key results. The model predicted that photosynthetic capacity per unit irradiance should be larger, and ∂A/∂E smaller, in shaded modules compared to sunlit modules. This was attributable partly to radiation-driven differences in evaporative demand, and partly to differences in hydraulic conductance arising from the need to balance marginal returns on stem carbon investment between modules. The model verified, however, that invariance in the marginal carbon revenue of N (∂/∂N) is in fact optimal. Conclusion. The Cowan-Farquhar optimality solution (invariance of ∂A/∂E) does not apply to spatial variation within a canopy. The resulting variation in carbon-water economy explains differences in capacity per unit irradiance, reconciling optimization theory with observations.
The kappa-opioid receptor agonist, triazole 1.1, reduces oxycodone self-administration and enhances oxycodone-induced thermal antinociception in male rats

Triazole 1.1 is a novel kappa-opioid receptor (KOR) agonist reported to produce antinociception without KOR-typical adverse effects. When combined with the mu-opioid receptor (MOR) agonist, oxycodone, triazole 1.1 blocks oxycodone-induced pruritis without producing sedation-like effects in nonhuman primates. However, it is unknown if triazole 1.1 can reduce the abuse-related effects or enhance the antinociceptive effects of oxycodone similarly to other KOR agonists. The aim of the present study was to quantitatively compare the behavioral effects of triazole 1.1 to the KOR agonists, U50,488h and nalfurafine, on oxycodone self-administration and oxycodone-induced thermal antinociception when administered as mixtures with oxycodone. In the self-administration study, male Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats (n = 6) self-administered intravenous (i.v.) oxycodone alone (0.056 mg/kg/inj) or combined with U50,488 h (0.032-0.32 mg/kg/inj), nalfurafine (0.00032–0.0032 mg/kg/inj), or triazole 1.1 (0.32–1.8 mg/kg/inj) under a progressive-ratio schedule of reinforcement. In a hot plate assay, male SD rats (n = 6) received i.v. injections of oxycodone (1.0-5.6 mg/kg), U50,488h (1.0-18.0 mg/kg), nalfurafine (0.01-1.0 mg/kg), or triazole 1.1 (3.2-32.0 mg/kg) alone or in combinations of fixed proportion with oxycodone based on the relative potencies of the single drugs. Each study concluded with administration of the KOR antagonist nor-BNI and some degree of retesting of the previous conditions to verify that the behavioral effects were mediated by KOR activation. All KOR agonists reduced oxycodone self-administration in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, all single drugs and drug combinations produced dose-dependent, fully efficacious thermal antinociception. All KOR agonist:oxycodone combinations produced either additive or super-additive thermal antinociception. Finally, each KOR agonist was blocked in effect by nor-BNI in both behavioral measures. This study demonstrates that triazole 1.1 reduces oxycodone’s reinforcing effects and enhances oxycodone-induced antinociception to degrees that are comparable to typical KOR agonists. Given triazole 1.1’s mild adverse-effect profile, developing MOR-KOR agonist combinations from the triazole 1.1 series may render new pain therapeutics with reduced abuse liability.
The Classical Foundations of the American Constitution: Prevailing Wisdom

1. The framers' classical education and world view 2. Classical political models and the founders 3. Constitution-making and ancient history 4. Modern resonances 5. The classical Constitution.
Building Multi-Discipline, Multi-Format Digital Libraries Using Clusters and Buckets

Our objective was to study the feasibility of extending the Dienst protocol to enable a multi-discipline, multi-format digital library. We implemented two new technologies: cluster functionality and publishing buckets. We have designed a possible implementation of clusters and buckets, and have prototyped some aspects of the resultant digital library. Currently, digital libraries are segregated by the disciplines they serve (computer science, aeronautics, etc.), and by the format of their holdings (reports, software, datasets, etc.). NCSTRL+ is a multi-discipline, multi-format digital library (DL) prototype created to explore the feasibility of the design and implementation issues involved with created a unified, canonical scientific and technical information (STI) DL. NCSTRL+ is based on the Networked Computer Science Technical Report Library (NCSTRL), a World Wide Web (WWW) accessible DL that provides access to over 80 university departments and laboratories. We have extended the Dienst protocol (version 4.1.8), the protocol underlying NCSTRL, to provide the ability to cluster independent collections into a logically centralized DL based upon subject category classification, type of organization, and genre of material. The concept of buckets provides a mechanism for publishing and managing logically linked entities with multiple data formats.
The application of the Biot-Savart law to the ring current analysis of proton chemical shifts—II : An approach to aromatic character in the annulenes

A consistent, conceptually simple system for the empirical measurement of aromatic character in annulenes is presented, which is based on the HMO theory with allowance for simple bond alternation. The method, which is potentially applicable to all well-characterized annulenes, assigns an effective bond alternation to each annulene from the measurement of some π-electron property (in this case ring current), which is identified with the aromatic character (AC) thereof. The system is applied to a wide variety of annulenes and compared with other ground state approaches to the study of aromatic character.
Determining the Optimum Guarantee Period for a One-Life Retirement Annuity

Abstract We consider a risk averse retiree from a defined contribution plan who decides to purchase a onelife annuity with a guarantee period. Given the retiree has a bequest motive, we focus on the problem of determining the optimum length of the guarantee period. Assuming the retiree’s bequest function is proportional to his or her utility function, we determine necessary and/or sufficient conditions under which the retiree would choose an annuity with (i) no guarantee period, (ii) the maximum guarantee period, or (iii) an intermediate guarantee period.
Quantitative and qualitative comparison of continuous bed motion and traditional step and shoot PET/CT

New developments in PET/CT technology have enabled the commercial availability of continuous bed motion (CBM) acquisition methods. This technology has some potential performance benefits compared to standard step and shoot (SS) imaging, however, this technology has not been assessed with regard to quantitative and image quality parameters compared to traditional SS techniques. This study seeks to compare clinically relevant quantitative and image quality parameters using CBM and SS data collection methods with the intent of providing assistance in making educated decisions regarding imaging protocol development when using CBM technology versus SS imaging.
Induction of Biological Activity in Bauxite Residue

Bauxite residue lakes constitute the major environmental problem at alumina processing plants because their high alkalinity content is hostile to flora and fauna. Bench experiments have been conducted to determine if bauxite residue can be made non-hostile through biological activity.
HIV Infection and Dementia

One of the characteristics of end-stage HIV infection is dementia, the exact causes of which remain elusive. In a Perspective, Gartner debates the evidence for the hypothesis that the trigger for the initiation of HIV-associated dementia is the activation of monocytes in the bone marrow and their transmigration into the brain.
Knot Theory of Complex Plane Curves

Publisher Summary The knot theory of complex plane curves draws attraction not only for its own internal results but also for its intriguing relationships and interesting contributions elsewhere in mathematics. Within low-dimensional topology, related subjects include braids, concordance, polynomial invariants, contact geometry, fibered links and open books, and Lefschetz pencils. Within low-dimensional algebraic and analytic geometry, related subjects include embeddings and injections of the complex line in the complex plane, line arrangements, Stein surfaces, and Hilbert's 16th problem. There is experimental evidence that nature favors quasipositive knots. This chapter summarizes studies that relate the knot theory of complex plane curves to other research areas, highlighting the results from few studies. There is an enormous, interesting, and constantly growing literature on braid monodromy and its many offsprings, including applications to line arrangements and the Alexander invariants of complex plane curves.
Genistein Chemoprevention: Timing and Mechanisms of Action in Murine Mammary and Prostate

We investigated the potential of genistein, the primary isoflavone of soy, to protect against breast and prostate cancers in animal models. For mammary cancer studies, Sprague-Dawley rats were fed AIN-76A diet ± 250 mg genistein/kg diet. Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene was administered by gavage at d 50 postpartum to induce mammary tumors. Mammary cancer chemoprevention was demonstrated after prepubertal and combined prepubertal and adult genistein treatments but not after prenatal- or adult-only treatments, demonstrating that the timing of exposure to genistein is important for mammary cancer chemoprevention. The cellular mechanism of action was found to be mammary gland and cell differentiation, as shown by whole-mount analysis and β-casein expression. An imprinting effect was shown for epidermal growth factor receptor expression in mammary terminal end buds. For prostate cancer studies, we used two models. The first was a chemically (N-methylnitrosourea) induced prostate cancer rat model. Genistein in the diet inhibited the development of invasive adenocarcinomas in a dose-dependent manner. The second model was a transgenic mouse model that resulted in spontaneously developing adenocarcinoma tumor of the prostate. Genistein in the diet reduced the incidence of poorly differentiated prostatic adenocarcinomas in a dose-dependent manner and down-regulated androgen receptor, estrogen receptor-a, progesterone receptor, epidermal growth factor receptor, insulin-like growth factor-1, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1 but not estrogen receptor-β and transforming growth factor-a mRNA expressions. We conclude that dietary genistein protects against mammary and prostate cancers by regulating specific sex steroid receptors and growth factor signaling pathways.
Marfan's syndrome

Abstract A case of Marfan's syndrome exhibiting medial degeneration and aneurysmal formation with incomplete rupture of the pulmonary artery is reported with a review of the literature.
A Defined System for in Vitro λ DNA Packaging

Abstract We constructed a defined in vitro system for packaging λ DNA which is composed of purified proheads, the noncapsid proteins terminase and gpFl, and the Escherichia coli DNA binding/bending protein IHF. The defined packaging system: (i) is free from endogenous ATP, DNAs, and DNases and (ii) packages 30% of the input mature λ DNA efficiently. In this defined packaging system, IHF and gpFl make modest contributions to packaging efficiency. The defined packaging reactions showed that DNA packaging gave a linear response to the concentration of mature λ DNA and terminase. DNA packaging showed a sigmoidal relationship with respect to the concentration of ATP and proheads.
Comparative effects of ACE inhibition and angiotensin II receptor blockade in the prevention of renal damage.

Comparative effects of ACE inhibition and angiotensin II receptor blockade in the prevention of renal damage. Angiotensin II (Ang II) regulates a number of genes associated with progression of renal disease. The regulation of gene expression by Ang II occurs through specific receptors that are linked to changes in the activity of transcription factors within the nucleus of target cells. In particular, members of the nuclear factor-κB family of transcription factors are activated, which in turn fuels at least two autocrine reinforcing loops that amplify Ang II and tumor necrosis factor-α formation. Angiotensin converting enzymes (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin antagonists (AIIAs) differ both pharmacokinetically and pharmacodynamically in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Several ACE inhibitors (such as captopril, enalapril and lisinopril) are dialyzable, whereas all of the AIIAs studied are not. Dose titration may be necessary when administering ACE inhibitors to patients with renal failure (ESRD), but is rarely a consideration when AIIAs are used.
Synthesis and Reactivity of [(η6-Biphenylene)Mn(CO)3]+

Biphenylene readily coordinates through one of the phenyl rings to form [(η6-biphenylene)Mn(CO)3]+ (2+), the X-ray structure of which is reported. The nucleophiles H−, Me−, Me3CC(O)CH−2 and P(OEt)3 add to 2+ at a bridgehead carbon to afford high yields of cyclohexadienyl complexes (3); the X-ray structure of the product of hydride addition is reported. P(OMe)3 adds to 2+ to give 3, which then undergoes a spontaneous Arbuzov elimination to the dimethyl phosphonate adduct. Nucleophilic additions to 2+ are unusual in that they occur at a substituted (bridgehead) carbon. A kinetic and thermodynamic study of the reaction with P(OEt)3 shows that the bridgehead carbons in 2+ are orders of magnitude more electrophilic than are the arene carbons in unstrained [(arene)Mn(CO)3]+ systems.