cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Probing Single Individual Proteins Unfold and Refold with 1-μs Resolution: Improved AFM-Based Single Molecule Force Spectroscopy

Protein folding is understood as a set of transitions between states. Yet, an over-simplified view of the folding process emerges if briefly populated states remain undetected due to ensemble averaging and/or limited instrumental precision. Atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based single-molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS) is widely used to mechanically measure the folding and unfolding of proteins. However, the temporal resolution of a standard cantilever is 50-1,000 μs, masking rapid transitions and short-lived intermediates. Recently, SMFS with 0.7-μs temporal resolution was achieved using ultrashort (L=9 µm) cantilevers on a custom-built, high-speed AFM. By modifying such cantilevers with a focused ion beam, we optimized them for SMFS rather than tapping-mode imaging. To enhance usability and throughput, we detected these cantilevers on a commercial AFM retrofitted with a detection laser featuring a 3-μm spot size. The improved capabilities of the modified cantilevers were demonstrated in two biophysical experiments. First, we unfolded a polyprotein, a popular assay, where these cantilevers maintained a 1-μs response time while eliminating cantilever ringing (Q≈0.5). In particular, these cantilever had improved short-term precision by avoiding periods of 30-90 pN (peak-to-peak) force modulation exhibited by unmodified ultrashort cantilevers undergoing underdamped motion at ∼500 kHz. In the second assay, we unfolded bacteriorhodopsin (bR), a model membrane protein. The resulting force-extension curves show unprecedented detail, increasing the number of intermediates resolved while unfolding a pair of transmembrane helices from 2 to 14. Equilibrium measurements revealed the cooperative folding of a 3-amino-acid structural element, resolved those states in <15-μs, and deduced the transition's underlying energy landscape. These bR results sharpen the picture of membrane protein folding and, more broadly, the instrumental enhancements demonstrate a new experimental regime: studying the equilibrium folding and unfolding of individual proteins with 1-µs resolution.
Risk Analysis for Effects of Pit Excavation on the Existing Shield Tunnel

In order to give some references for risk assessment of the existing shield tunnel during construction phase and control measures,tunnel additional stresses and inhomogeneous deformations that induced by the excavation of foundation pit were studied. Based on the pit excavation engineering in Shenyang train station,which is located above the existing shield tunnels,the potential risk factors and several failure types of shield segment linings were investigated. Taking into account of the uncertainty and spatial variability of soil mechanical parameters,the risk accident of existing tunnel was predicted by using stochastic finite element method combined with the Monte Carlo method. It is found that after pit excavation,the probability which the maximum compressive stress and lateral displacement of the tunnel exceed the specified values,is zero. While the proba-bility of exceeding specified values for the maximum heave displacement and tensile stress of shield segment linings are 39. 8% and 2. 29%,respectively. Under several types of failure,the total failure probability of shield segment linings is 41. 18%. Conclusion is that in practical engineering,the principle for foundation pit excavation is that the amount of a single unloading and the span of tunnel crossing length should be reduced. Especially,the standing time of the foundation pit after excavation should be minimized.
Lactation curves of commercial ewes rearing lambs

Three-hour milk production measurements determined by machine milking at 3-d intervals throughout a 63-d lactation period were used to describe lactation curves for crossbred ewes lambing at 1 and 2 yr of age and rearing single and twin lambs. Age of ewe, type of rearing, and day of lactation affected (P < 0.05) milk production. Over the 63-d lactation, average daily milk production was 2.56 and 2.63 kg, respectively, for 1- and 2-yr-old ewes rearing single lambs and 2.73 and 3.47 kg, respectively, for 1- and 2-yr-old ewes rearing twins. Milk production of 2-yr-old ewes rearing twin lambs peaked at 21 d of lactation, and that of 1- and 2-yr-old ewes rearing singles peaked between 27 and 30 d of lactation. The largest differences in the lactation curves among age and rearing ewe classes were found in early lactation. These differences were reduced by midlactation, and by late lactation, milk production for all ewes was similar. Diurnal variation in milk production by ewes was evaluated in an 8 x 8 Latin square design. Diurnal variation in milk yield measurements of eight mature ewes, each bearing and rearing twin lambs, was similar between d 21 and 24 of lactation. Time of milk production measurements within a day did not affect yield determinations. Extrapolation from 3-h production estimates to daily milk production is valid in determining a ewe's milk contribution in support of lamb growth.
Chapter 6 – Microbial Endocrinology: Context and Considerations for Probiotic Selection

Probiotics encompass a large spectrum of microorganisms that possess the unique capacity to produce neurochemicals that are exactly the same as those found in the mammalian nervous system. This intersection of the microbiology of probiotics and mammalian neurobiology has been termed microbial endocrinology. This chapter will examine the scientific basis for the use of probiotics in a microbial endocrinology context and their consideration as “drug delivery vehicles.” Attention will also be given to the historical context. The influence of diet, mainly as a prebiotic source for the building blocks of neurochemicals by probiotics, will also be addressed. The identification of mechanisms by which probiotics may influence host neurobiology and ultimately behavior will be crucial to understanding the ultimate benefit that probiotics may offer for the treatment of various behavioral-related conditions.
Modulation of cortical evoked potentials by stimulation of nucleus raphe magnus in rats

1. In pentobarbital sodium-anesthetized rats, we evaluated changes in cortical evoked potentials (EPs) associated with electrical and chemical stimulation of nucleus raphe magnus (NRM). A condition-test (C-T) paradigm was used. Cortical EPs were produced by test stimuli delivered to a hindpaw or the thalamic ventral posterior lateral nucleus (VPL; electrical stimulation), or by photic stimulation of the eyes or electrical stimulation of contralateral homotopical cortex (transcallosal EPs). These test stimuli were then preceded by electrical or chemical conditioning stimulation (CS) delivered to NRM through a stereotaxically implanted electrode or injection cannula, respectively. Effects of CS on EPs produced by the test stimuli were characterized. 2. Electrical CS preceding a test stimulus delivered to the foot reduced the amplitude of EPs at thresholds as low as 10-25 microA. The magnitude of EP reduction was dependent on CS intensity, frequency, and the C-T interval. Optimal parameters were trains of 10 pulses (400 Hz) delivered at a C-T interval of 5-10 ms. Injection of glutamate and lidocaine into NRM demonstrated that these effects were due to activation of NRM neurons and not to current spread to medial lemniscus (ML). NRM CS also reduced cortical EPs produced by test stimulation in VPL but did not alter EPs from visual stimulation or from electrical stimulation of contralateral homotopical cortex. 3. These findings suggest that NRM CS attenuates EPs by inhibiting thalamic or thalamocortical afferent activity. Because NRM CS affected all components of the cortical EPs, the effect appears to involve alteration of general sensory activity and is not nociception specific.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The FFTRR-based fast direct algorithms for complex inhomogeneous biharmonic problems with applications to incompressible flows

We develop analysis-based fast and accurate direct algorithms for several biharmonic problems in a unit disk derived directly from the Green’s functions of these problems and compare the numerical results with the “decomposition” algorithms (see Ghosh and Daripa, IMA J. Numer. Anal. 36(2), 824–850 [17]) in which the biharmonic problems are first decomposed into lower order problems, most often either into two Poisson problems or into two Poisson problems and a homogeneous biharmonic problem. One of the steps in the “decomposition algorithm” as discussed in Ghosh and Daripa (IMA J. Numer. Anal. 36(2), 824–850 [17]) for solving certain biharmonic problems uses the “direct algorithm” without which the problem can not be solved. Using classical Green’s function approach for these biharmonic problems, solutions of these problems are represented in terms of singular integrals in the complex z−plane (the physical plane) involving explicitly the boundary conditions. Analysis of these singular integrals using FFT and recursive relations (RR) in Fourier space leads to the development of these fast algorithms which are called FFTRR based algorithms. These algorithms do not need to do anything special to overcome coordinate singularity at the origin as often the case when solving these problems using finite difference methods in polar coordinates. These algorithms have some other desirable properties such as the ease of implementation and parallel in nature by construction. Moreover, these algorithms have O(logN) complexity per grid point where N 2 is the total number of grid points and have very low constant behind this order estimate of the complexity. Performance of these algorithms is shown on several test problems. These algorithms are applied to solving viscous flow problems at low and moderate Reynolds numbers and numerical results are presented.
Who Are Gynandromorphophilic Men? An Internet Survey of Men with Sexual Interest in Transgender Women.

Gynandromorphophilia (GAMP) is attraction to gynandromorphs (GAMs), who are natal males with both breasts and a penis, colloquially known as “she-males.” Men with GAMP (n = 314) and heterosexual men not attracted to GAMs (n = 211) completed an Internet survey regarding their sexual attraction patterns, relationship history, and potential correlates of GAMP. Men with GAMP reported much higher attraction to natal women than to men, although they also reported slightly higher levels of bisexual feelings compared with controls. Men with GAMP were equally attracted to natal women and GAMs, on average. Thus, GAMP is best considered an unusual form of heterosexuality rather than a separate sexual orientation. Indeed, men with GAMP scored much higher than controls on a measure of autogynephilia, or sexual arousal by the idea or fantasy of being a woman, which is also considered a variant of heterosexual attraction.
Positron Emission Tomography Assessment of Left Main Coronary Arterial Inflammation With Coronary Computed Tomographic Angiography Validation Before and After Statin Therapy: More Promise for Fluorodeoxyglucose Vascular Uptake?

The field of cardiovascular imaging has been searching for the ideal imaging technique that will quantitatively and reliably assess vulnerable coronary plaques and also assess for cardiovascular risk noninvasively. Myocardial infarction (MI), a consequence of coronary atherosclerosis, remains the leading cause of death in the Western world despite advances in pathophysiology.1 The development of novel therapies to treat vascular disease beyond current treatment recommendations remains slow, in part, because of the high cost of conducting cardiovascular outcome trials and the challenge of demonstrating that a novel therapy has effects on atherosclerotic plaques that translate into MI reduction if advanced into a large outcomes study.2 See Article by Singh et al Recently, many studies have demonstrated that fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) accurately identifying regions of arterial inflammation in vivo, which can be reliably assessed longitudinally after an intervention. Within this large body of work, fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT arterial inflammation estimates current cardiovascular risk,3 relates to severity of inflammatory diseases,4 and is prognostic of future cardiovascular events.5,6 Specifically, higher uptake in the carotid arteries was related to the occurrence of stroke in the future.6 Fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in the aorta has been associated with increased risk for future MI.5 Higher areas of fluorodeoxyglucose uptake were associated with experiencing the MI sooner than those with lower uptake.5 Finally, fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in the artery modulates with interventions known to be of benefit in cardiovascular outcomes trials. For example, the use of statin therapy was associated with a reduction of arterial inflammation at 12 weeks,7,8 and therapeutic lifestyle changes over the course of 6 months led to a decrease in arterial inflammation.9 Most …
eIF2α links mitochondrial dysfunction to dendritic degeneration

Although mitochondrial dysfunction has been associated with dendritic pathology in many neuronal types, how mitochondrial impairment causes the vulnerability of neuronal subtypes remains unknown. In this issue, Tsuyama et al. (2017. J. Cell Biol. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201604065) identify eIF2α phosphorylation as a critical regulator of mitochondrial dysfunction-mediated selective dendritic loss in Drosophila neurons.
Parallel Partition and Extension

We give better lower bounds for M(n, d), for various positive integers d and n with d < n, where M(n, d) is the largest number of permutations on n symbols with pairwise Hamming distance at least d. Larger sets of permutations on n symbols with pairwise Hamming distance d is a necessary component of constructing error correcting permutation codes, which have been proposed for power-line communications. Our technique, Parallel Partition and Extension, is universally applicable to constructing such sets for all n and all d, d < n.
Intervention Projects in School Psychology at the University of Utah

The article describes two federally funded intervention projects in the School Psychology Program at the University of Utah. The first project was designed to train school psychologists to work mor...
Impact of global financial crisis on network of Asian stock markets

This study examines the network dynamics of fourteen Asian Stock Markets (ASMs) in three phases (pre, during, and post) of financial crisis of 2008. Based on network statistics, I find that ASMs network is more interconnected during the crisis period than pre-and post-crisis period. Furthermore, using the Minimum Spanning Tree (MST) diagram, I find that the stock markets of Hong Kong, Japan, Korea, and India play a significant role in these networks and any shock to these markets can lead to contagion. The trade and the interest rate differential are the major driving forces behind these linkages. This work has practical implications as it provides insight on portfolio diversification during the crisis period and can also be used in anticipating the route of crisis.
Effects of calcium modulation on percutaneous absorption of a model drug.

Purpose. To investigate the effect of modulation of the calcium gradient in the skin on the percutaneous absorption of nicotinic acid (NA).
Toward vortex identification based on local pressure-minimum criterion in compressible and variable density flows

We propose a dynamical vortex definition (the ‘ definition is needed for studying vortex dynamics in highly compressible and strongly varying density flows.
Unit mass baseline resolution for an intact 148 kDa therapeutic monoclonal antibody by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry.

Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR MS) provides the highest mass resolving power and mass measurement accuracy for unambiguous identification of biomolecules. Previously, the highest-mass protein for which FTICR unit mass resolution had been obtained was 115 kDa at 7 T. Here, we present baseline resolution for an intact 147.7 kDa monoclonal antibody (mAb), by prior dissociation of noncovalent adducts, optimization of detected total ion number, and optimization of ICR cell parameters to minimize space charge shifts, peak coalescence, and destructive ion cloud Coulombic interactions. The resultant long ICR transient lifetime (as high as 20 s) results in magnitude-mode mass resolving power of ∼420 000 at m/z 2 593 for the 57+ charge state (the highest mass for which baseline unit mass resolution has been achieved), auguring for future characterization of even larger intact proteins and protein complexes by FTICR MS. We also demonstrate up to 80% higher resolving power by phase...
INITIATION OF PERFORATION IN THIN PLATES BY PROJECTILES

This paper is primarily concerned with the phenomena that are observed when thin, metallic plates are struck normally by projectiles just below and just above the ballistic limit. The tips of the strikers, which are composed of hard steel that does not deform are either blunt, hemispherical or conical, prefacing a cylindrical shank. A few tests involving thick targets were also conducted.
Robot localization using landmarks

Autonomous navigating vehicles in systems like IVHS (Intelligent Vehicle Highway System) and ITS (Intelligent Transportation System) require efficient algorithm that estimates the position of the vehicle with respect to a map of the environment. The vehicle’s sensor identifies landmarks in the environment and measures the angles subtended by the landmarks. It uses this information to estimate the position of the vehicle. On February 4, 1994 Leonid Gurvits from Siemens Corporate Research has described joint work with M. Betke [1] which provides a fast algorithm for the 2D case. This work was actually motivated by a setup of a mobile robot built at the Learning System Department of Siemens Corporate Research as a test bed for various machine learning approaches to robot navigation. The robot navigates through corridors of the building. It is equipped with a camera and uses objects like pictures, doors and fire extinguishers as landmarks. The camera setup is such that it provides information (i.e., measurements with error) on the angles subtended at the robot’s position by two landmarks, but not on the distances from the landmarks to the camera. An image of the landmarks is taken in advance and is stored in a data base. The first problem is to identify the landmarks seen by the camera with the landmarks in the external coordinate system (i.e., the landmarks in the data base); this is called the correspondence problem, and it is studied in [2]; see also [3].
Cross-Language Clone Detection

Code duplication is a common software development practice that introduces several similar or identical segments of code, or code clones. In addition, there is currently a trend towards the use of multiple languages in the development of software systems. While there has been much work on clone detection and increased interest in studies of multi-language software systems, there have been no studies of code clones that span multiple languages, which we term cross-language code clones. In this paper we describe an approach for cross-language clone detection. We then introduce a tool, which is based on the CodeDOM library that is included with the Microsoft .NET Framework, to demonstrate the existence of cross-language clones in a real software system that contains both C# and Visual Basic.NET source code. Because our clone detection algorithm operates on a tree structure, other tree-based clone detection algorithms could be substituted in the implementation of our tool.
Betrixaban: Safely Reducing Venous Thromboembolic Events with Extended Prophylaxis.

Abstract Although venous thromboembolism prophylaxis of acute medically ill patients is commonly employed, a percentage of high-risk patients still have venous thromboembolic events within 30 days of discharge. Research over the last several years has attempted to identify characteristics of these high-risk patients to facilitate provision of extended prophylaxis and venous thromboembolic event reduction; however, extended prophylaxis has been associated with a significant increase in the risk for major bleeding until recently. Betrixaban, a new oral direct Xa inhibitor with once-daily dosing and limited renal elimination, significantly reduces the risk of venous thromboembolism without increasing the risk for major bleeding. Consequently, betrixaban is the only anticoagulant approved by the Food and Drug Administration for preventing venous thromboembolism with extended prophylaxis in acute medically ill patients.
Decade of Turbulence: Social Movements and Rebellion in the 1960s

The 1960s is seen as a decade of great turbulence in the United States and globally and in fact, it was an unusually rebellious decade, particularly in the United States, Western Europe, and China. However, two caveats are in order. First of all, historical change is not neatly divided into tight ten-year packages with specific beginnings and ends. Certainly in the United States, and much of Europe, the 1960s arguably started with the election of President John F. Kennedy in late 1960 and includes the first few years of the 1970s as well. The focus here is on the 1960s in the USA. Rebellion around the world was often more massive and militant; however, just as the rebellions within the USA were energized by these international rebellions, so too were many of those rebellions energized by rebellions in the USA, the so-called belly of the beast of powerful world capitalism.
3-Dimensional Echocardiography: Latest Developments and Future Directions

The ongoing refinements in 3-dimensional (3D) echocardiography technology continue to expand the scope of this imaging modality in clinical cardiology by offering new features that stem from the ability to image the heart in its complete dimensionality. Over the years, countless publications have described these benefits and tested new frontiers where 3D echocardiographic imaging seemed to offer promising ways to improve patients' care. These include improved techniques for chamber quantification and novel ways to visualize cardiac valves, including 3D printing, virtual reality, and holography. The aims of this review article are to focus on the most important developments in the field in the recent years, discuss the current utility of 3D echocardiography, and highlight several interesting future directions.
No second chances for pollen-laden queens?

Bumble bees are eusocial, yet queens are solitary for much of their lives. Little is known about the stages in the solitary phase of queens, including the factors that influence successful initiation of nests. One anecdotal recommendation suggests that wild-caught queens are less likely to initiate nests if they are captured while carrying pollen loads. Queens that are collecting pollen have already chosen a nest site and are either preparing to lay their first clutch of eggs, have already begun oviposition, or are provisioning developing brood. Although there is a conservation-based argument for leaving these queens to their own devices, we were interested in the biological aspect of this: if a queen has already initiated a nest in the wild, will she initiate another one in captivity? In 2016 and 2017, 960 queens of five species were captured, and the presence or absence of corbicular loads of pollen was noted. Each queen was then placed in an artificial nest and provided with unlimited food for 21 days. Nests were monitored for brood presence daily, and rates of nest initiation (brood production) were compared between queens captured with and without pollen loads. Nest initiation rates varied among species, as did the influence of pollen-collecting behavior at the time of capture. Pollen-laden Bombus occidentalis queens were less likely to lay eggs, yet B. bifarius and B. vosnesenskii queens with pollen had a greater chance of initiating a captive nest. These results should inform both commercial and conservation efforts.
Rehabilitation to improve gaze and postural stability in people with multiple sclerosis: study protocol for a prospective randomized clinical trial

The use of vestibular rehabilitation principles in the management of gaze and postural stability impairments in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) has shown promise in pilot work completed in our lab and in a recently published randomized clinical trial (RCT). However, further work is needed to fully quantify the gaze and postural impairments present in people with multiple sclerosis and how they respond to rehabilitation. The study is a single blind RCT designed to examine the benefit of a gaze and postural stability (GPS) intervention program compared to a standard of care (SOC) rehabilitation program in dizzy and balance impaired PwMS. Outcomes will be collected across the domains of body structure and function, activity, and participation as classified by the World Health Organization International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF). Our primary outcomes are the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) and the Functional Gait Assessment (FGA). Secondary outcomes include other measures of gaze and postural stability, fatigue, and functional mobility. Participants who are interested and eligible for enrollment will be consented prior to completing a baseline assessment. Following the baseline assessment each participant will be randomized to either the GPS or SOC intervention group and will complete a 6 week treatment period. During the treatment period, both groups will participate in guided exercise 3x/week. Following the treatment period participants will be asked to return for a post-treatment evaluation and again for a follow-up assessment 1 month later. We anticipate enrolling 50 participants. This study will be an innovative RCT that will utilize gaze and postural stability metrics to assess the efficacy of vestibular rehabilitation in PwMS. It will build on previous work by examining measures across the ICF and improve the current evidence base for treating PwMS. ClinicalTrials.gov, May 29th 2018, NCT03521557 .
Taurine Effects on Ion Channels of Cardiac Muscle

Taurine exerted a protective effect against the decline in the Ca2+- dependent slow action potentials (APs) caused by hypoxia (Sawamura et al., 1986a), but did not induce Ca2+-dependent slow APs (Sawamura et al., 1986b) and did not elevate cAMP level (Sawamura et al., 1983). Taurine also exerted a positive inotropic effect (in perfused embryonic (20-day-old) chick heart) without affecting the slow APs, and it was suggested that the positive inotropic effect was not mediated through an increase in slow Ca2+ current (Sawamura et al., 1986b). The effects of taurine on the Ca2+ slow current in guinea pig myocytes depended on the external Ca2+ concentration (Sawamura et al., 1990).
A 2-Dimensional Functional Central Limit Theorem for Non-stationary Dependent Random Fields.

We obtain an elementary invariance principle for multi-dimensional Brownian sheet where the underlying random fields are not necessarily independent or stationary. Possible applications include unit-root tests for spatial as well as panel data models.
Radiology Case 1

Free air/gas within the peritoneum, also known as pneumoperitoneum, can be a sign of a critical pathology, postoperative complication, trauma, or can arise from iatrogenic causes (Sharma and Jones. Pneumomediastinum. Radiopaedia. Accessed 6 Jun 2018 https://radiopaedia.org/articles/pneumomediastinum; Sureka et al. J Fam Med Prim Care 4(3):477, 2015). Prompt and accurate diagnosis is life-saving in this population to reduce enteric contamination. Surgical intervention is often indicated.
A survey of TIR domain sequence and structure divergence

Toll-interleukin-1R resistance (TIR) domains are ubiquitously present in all forms of cellular life. They are most commonly found in signaling proteins, as units responsible for signal-dependent formation of protein complexes that enable amplification and spatial propagation of the signal. A less common function of TIR domains is their ability to catalyze nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide degradation. This survey analyzes 26,414 TIR domains, automatically classified based on group-specific sequence patterns presumably determining biological function, using a statistical approach termed Bayesian partitioning with pattern selection (BPPS). We examine these groups and patterns in the light of available structures and biochemical analyses. Proteins within each of thirteen eukaryotic groups (10 metazoans and 3 plants) typically appear to perform similar functions, whereas proteins within each prokaryotic group typically exhibit diverse domain architectures, suggesting divergent functions. Groups are often uniquely characterized by structural fold variations associated with group-specific sequence patterns and by herein identified sequence motifs defining TIR domain functional divergence. For example, BPPS identifies, in helices C and D of TIRAP and MyD88 orthologs, conserved surface-exposed residues apparently responsible for specificity of TIR domain interactions. In addition, BPPS clarifies the functional significance of the previously described Box 2 and Box 3 motifs, each of which is a part of a larger, group-specific block of conserved, intramolecularly interacting residues.
Observation on the effects of misoprostol to promote uterine contraction in the scar uterus cesarean section

Objective To observe the effect of misoprostol to promote uterine contraction in scar uterus cesarean section.Methods 84 cases of puerpera with scar uterus needing cesarean section in our hospital from May 2010 to October 2011 were selected.All patients were randomly divided into two groups.The control group had 42 cases which applied intravenous drip 20U of oxytocin after the expulsion of fetus,and uterine body intramuscular injection 20U.The observation group had 42 cases which applied misoprostol 400 μg used in rectum on the basis of control group.The blood loss during and after the operation and adverse drug reaction were observed.Results The blood loss of the observation group during and after the operation were ( 228.73±30.94 ) ml,( 110.32 ± 45.71 )nl,and ( 294.88 ± 50.42 )ml,( 160.29 ± 60.84 ) ml in the control group.The blood loss of the observation group during and 2 hours after the operation were obviously less than those of control group.It was significantly different (P＜0.05).Adverse drug reaction incidence rate of the observation group was 9.52％,and 0 in the control group.There was no statistical significant difference (P＞0.05).Conclusion Misoprostol using in rectum has better effects than the single use of oxytocin to promote uterine contraction for puerpera of scar uterus cesarean section.And it' s safe,simple,deserving clinical application. Key words: Misoprostol; Cesarean section; Scar uterus; Uterine contraction
Using LSTM and SARIMA Models to Forecast Cluster CPU Usage.

As large scale cloud computing centers become more popular than individual servers, predicting future resource demand need has become an important problem. Forecasting resource need allows public cloud providers to proactively allocate or deallocate resources for cloud services. This work seeks to predict one resource, CPU usage, over both a short term and long term time scale. To gain insight into the model characteristics that best support specific tasks, we consider two vastly different architectures: the historically relevant SARIMA model and the more modern neural network, LSTM model. We apply these models to Azure data resampled to 20 minutes per data point with the goal of predicting usage over the next hour for the short-term task and for the next three days for the long-term task. The SARIMA model outperformed the LSTM for the long term prediction task, but performed poorer on the short term task. Furthermore, the LSTM model was more robust, whereas the SARIMA model relied on the data meeting certain assumptions about seasonality.
Calibration of liquid crystal variable retarders using a common-path interferometer and fit of a closed-form expression for the retardance curve

A liquid crystal variable retarder (LCVR) enables fast, automated control of retardance that can be used as a variable waveplate in polarimetric instruments. However, precise control of the polarization state requires calibration of the LCVR. A manufacturer calibration curve is typically supplied for a single specific wavelength and temperature, but for applications under different conditions, additional calibration is needed. Calibration is typically performed with crossed polarizers to generate an intensity curve that is converted to retardance, but this method is prone to noise when retardance is close to zero. Here, we demonstrate a simple common-path Sagnac interferometer to measure retardance and provide open source software for automated generation of calibration curves for retardance as a function of wavelength and voltage. We also provide a curve fitting method and closed-form functional representation that outputs the voltage needed to achieve a desired retardance given a specified wavelength.
A computational periporomechanics model for localized failure in unsaturated porous media

Abstract This article is devoted to a computational plastic periporomechanics model for localized failure in unsaturated porous media assuming passive atmospheric pressure. The computational periporomechanics model is formulated based on the hypothesis that unsaturated porous media can be represented by a collection of two-phase material points with infinitesimal volumes interacting with each other within finite distance. The effective force state concept for solid skeleton deformation and the peridynamic state concept for unsaturated fluid flow are utilized in the coupled integro-differential field equations that have an intrinsic length scale. The unsaturated fluid flow state and effective force state are determined by the fluid potential state and the deformation state of the solid skeleton, respectively. The periporomechanics model is numerically implemented by an implicit two-phase meshfree method in which the message passing interface technique is used for parallel computing. The numerical implementation is validated by simulating classical coupled poromechanics problems and comparing numerical results with analytical solutions and experimental data. Numerical examples under different scenarios are conducted to demonstrate the robustness of the implemented computational periporomechanics model for simulating localized failure in unsaturated porous media as a coupled solid deformation and unsaturated fluid flow problem .
What grows from a pandemic? Toward an abolitionist agroecology

COVID-19 has exposed racialized vulnerabilities in the dominant agrifood system and granted opportunities to build anew. In this paper, I explore a series of breakdowns, from pandemic ecologies to ...
Lower Limb Lymphedema: An Exploration of Various Treatment Methods

Unilateral or bilateral lower limb lymphedema is a chronic and progressive phenomenon that occurs for several reasons. From a podiatric perspective, this condition may result after a trauma, a surgical procedure, a neoplasm, or a primary condition that impairs lymph vessel function. Even though no gold standard exists, early intervention and management of lower limb lymphedema with active exercise and compression than with compression therapy alone.
Use of Second-line Immunotherapy in Control Arms of Randomized Clinical Trials in Kidney Cancer: A Systematic Review.

Importance Immunotherapy (anti–programmed death ligand 1 antibodies) is associated with improved survival rates in advanced kidney cell carcinoma (KCC) after progression on first-line tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment. It is unknown whether and to what degree patients in the control arm receive postprotocol immunotherapy in trials comparing combination immunotherapy regimens with TKI in first-line advanced KCC. Objective To characterize the proportion of patients in the control arm who received postprotocol immunotherapy in trials comparing combination immunotherapy regimens with TKI in first-line advanced KCC. Evidence Review A search of PubMed was conducted to identify randomized clinical trials of combination immunotherapy compared with TKI in first-line advanced KCC between January 1, 2015, and February 28, 2021. Combination immunotherapy was defined as an anti–programmed death ligand 1 agent and an additional agent. Search terms includedrenal cell cancerandfirst-lineand were filtered by the typeclinical trial. All English-language trials of combination immunotherapy compared with a TKI were included. The trials and their protocols and supplements were analyzed to determine the proportion of patients in the control arm receiving postprotocol immunotherapy. Findings A total of 106 articles met search criteria and were screened. A total of 6 trials and 3 published updates of trial results were included in the systematic review. Of 2565 patients assigned to control arm groups, 2069 (81%) were no longer on TKI at last data cutoff. Of patients in the control arm who discontinued TKI, 932 (45%) received postprotocol immunotherapy. Of patients in the control arm receiving any type of postprotocol therapy, 66.4% received immunotherapy. Conclusions and Relevance This systematic review found that the proportion of patients in the control arm receiving postprotocol immunotherapy is low in randomized clinical trials of first-line combination immunotherapy regimens for advanced KCC. Appropriate use of postprotocol therapy is essential to answering the question of whether a combination or sequential treatment strategy with immunotherapy is superior.
Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children in the Critical Care Setting.

BACKGROUND: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children is a new syndrome that has been hypothesized to be connected with the COVID-19 pandemic. Children are presenting-likely after SARS-CoV-2 infection or exposure-with vague symptoms including fever, gastrointestinal distress, and/or rash. OBJECTIVE: To review what is currently known about multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, including physiology, signs and symptoms, laboratory and imaging findings, treatment options, and nursing considerations in critical care settings. METHODS: This integrative review was conducted using the keywords multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, Kawasaki-like syndrome, COVID, COVID-19, and SARS-CoV-2. Initially, 324 articles were found. All were screened, and 34 were included. Eight articles were added after hand-searching and weekly literature searches were conducted. DATA SYNTHESIS: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children is a newly identified syndrome, thus information on diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes is available but evolving. Many aspects of nursing care are important to consider with regard to this illness, including COVID precautions, physical assessments, medication administration, and timing of blood sampling for laboratory testing as well as other standard intensive care unit considerations. Providing anticipatory guidance and support to patients and their families is also important. CONCLUSION: Critical care nurses must remain informed about advances in the care of patients with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, as these patients are often seen in critical care environments because of their high risk of cardiovascular failure.
Helping Children Access and Use Services: A Review.

High rates of dropping out from mental health services are documented for children and their families. These high rates exist at different treatment stages, in different service settings, and for different populations of children and families. Some researchers have developed and tested engagement interventions to address barriers to service access and use and increase participation in services by children and their families. Studies of engagement interventions for children and their families are critically reviewed in this paper. Overall, the engagement interventions were effective in increasing attendance at first appointments. Only those with an ecological and total service delivery approach reduced the drop-out rate. However, even then, the drop-out rate was 26% to 29%. Suggestions for future research are made, including ascertaining from children and families their reasons for quitting or staying in treatment, comparing the outcomes of drop-outs with the outcomes of those who remain in treatment, developing and testing conceptual models of engagement for subgroups of at-risk children and their families, and examining the cost-effectiveness of engagement interventions.
Vibrational Spectroscopy in the Study of Fires

The sections in this article are Introduction Overview of Useful Experimental Configurations Retrieving Mixing Ratios from Smoke Spectra Contributions of Vibrational Spectroscopy to Fire Science
“First Do No Harm:” Emerging Guidelines for the Treatment of Posttraumatic Reactions

Despite its many problems, publication of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III; American Psychiatric Association, 1980) set the fields of psychiatry and clinical psychology on a solid empirical footing and fostered great advances in epidemiology and in the evaluation of various theories and therapies. But this progress came at a cost, which is perhaps most clearly illustrated by the concept of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The DSM-III heralded a new positivistic paradigm with imbedded unexamined assumptions that neglected important issues, which then progressively faded from memory. Two decades later, these issues have now resurfaced in therapeutic controversies surrounding PTSD. PTSD is concerned with a ubiquitous human condition, reaction to adversity. Humans have long tried to cope with adversity, using a multitude of strategies. Modern therapies for PTSD date back to the middle of the nineteenth century with the increased involvement of physicians. A historical perspective on these early therapies will shed light on the nature of current controversies and put contemporary therapies for PTSD in context. In this chapter, we present an overview of this history while also highlighting important findings in the recent scientific literature on posttraumatic reactions. By synthesizing key findings from both the historical and recent scientific literatures, we derive four emergent lessons that we believe may prove fruitful in directing future intervention efforts. Our central thesis is that the history of adversity-linked emotional disorders has been shaped by the history of medical beliefs about these phenomena. An interaction occurs between professional and patient, who translate their common understandings into physical and mental complaints (Shorter, 1992, 1994). The present positivistic paradigm of mental disorders (the belief that suffering has an objective physical basis independent of the assumptions of the observing healer) neglects the influence of this healer‐patient dynamic in raising or lowering expectancy of recovery. The hope is that this chapter will restore an appreciation of the therapeutic and iatrogenic influences of the healer.
Specific acylation of the guanine residues of ribonucleic acid.

Abstract Treatment of yeast RNA with Kethoxal (β-ethoxy-α-keto-butyraldehyde), followed by periodate cleavage, led to the specific introduction of α-ethoxypropionyl groups onto the guanine amino groups of the RNA. The extent of nitrous acid deamination of the guanines of the acylated RNA was reduced by two-thirds when compared to unmodified RNA. The presence of the acyl groups in the nucleic acid was shown by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The acyl nucleotide, N2-α-ethoxypropionylguanosine 5'-phosphate (V) was isolated from a venom phosphodiesterase hydrolysate of the RNA. The use of glyoxal in place of Kethoxal in the above procedure led to a nonspecific formylation of the RNA. A reduction in the extent of deamination by nitrous acid of adenine, cytosine, and guanine was noted. This contrasts with the results obtained with the same conditions at the base or deoxynucleoside level, at which specificity for guanine was observed. Treatment of adenine with glyoxal and periodate in the presence of acid, however, afforded N6-formyladenine (IVa).
ESME Workbench Innovations

Abstract : The goal of this project is to enhance the flexibility and computational efficiency of the ESME Workbench and to work with NUWC-Newport to merge the NEMO and ESME approaches into the "One Navy Model." The "One Navy Model" is intended to serve as the standard simulation system for use in predicting impacts of anthropogenic sound sources on marine life for environmental compliance purposes. Two versions of the One Navy Model will be created. The first version will designed for use by the US Navy and its subcontractors (classified version) and the second version will have equivalent functionality but will not use data or software codes that are classified or otherwise not available to the general public(unclassified version). After acceptance by NUWC, the features and algorithms in these software packages will remain unchanged during the current permitting cycle for US Navy training exercises while a third version of the simulation software (research version) will continue to evolve.
Genetic family history, pedigree analysis, and risk assessment

A genetic pedigree is an effective and simple tool for identifying individuals at risk for single-gene disorders or for common diseases, as well as an important method for establishing patient rapport, providing patient education, and identifying other relatives at risk for disease. Techniques for obtaining a pedigree, and pedigree analysis and risk assessment are reviewed. Keywords: pedigree; pedigree symbols; family history; risk assessment; pedigree analysis
Streaming Film: How to Serve Our Users

Streaming video is an integral part of the curriculum for many academic courses. While faculty may have used DVDs in the classroom, the increase in online course instruction and the expectations of students comfortable with using streaming video in their personal lives has led to instructors making more requests of librarians to supply films—both instructional and feature—through streaming. Staff at the University Libraries of the University of North Carolina at Greensboro (UNCG) responded to this need as they worked across departments to create efficient workflows, worked with distributors and conducted a pilot project to learn more about the current streaming film environment, established policies, offered technical support, and shared information with faculty by a variety of means.
Extensive variation in evolutionary rate of rbcL gene sequences among seed plants.

Abstract Extensive variation in synonymous and nonsynonymous rates of substitution was observed among 50 sequences of the gene coding for the large subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (rbcL) representing bryophyte, conifer, dicot, and monocot taxa. Relative rate tests revealed rate differences of up to 138% for nonsynonymous substitutions and up to 85% for synonymous ones. Within angiosperms, the annual forms evolved more rapidly, on average, than perennial forms. This rate heterogeneity was more extensive at nonsynonymous sites than synonymous ones, and it resulted primarily from a recent acceleration of substitution rate in many groups of angiosperms.