cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tumor Control and Toxicity after SBRT for Ultracentral, Central, and Paramediastinal Lung Tumors

Abstract Purpose Increased rates of toxicity have been described after stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for central lung tumors within 2 cm of the proximal bronchial tree (PBT). Recent studies have defined a new class of ultracentral tumors. We report our experience treating ultracentral, central, and paramediastinal tumors with SBRT and compare toxicity, disease control, and survival rates. Methods and materials We reviewed the records of patients with central lung tumors treated with SBRT between September 2009 and July 2017. Tumors were classified as central if within 2 cm of the PBT, ultracentral if the planning target volume touched the PBT or esophagus, and paramediastinal if touching mediastinal pleura. Actuarial rates of grades 2+ and 3+ toxicity, local control (LC), and overall survival were assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using a log-rank test. Toxicity was scored with the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 4.03. Results We identified 68 patients with 69 central lung tumors, including 14 ultracentral, 15 paramediastinal, and 39 central tumors. Fifty-three patients were treated for early stage lung cancer and 15 for lung metastases. The prescribed dose ranged from 40 Gy to 60 Gy over 3 to 8 fractions. Most patients were treated using 5 fractions (83%), followed by 8 fractions (10%). Median follow-up was 19.7 months (range, 3.3-78.3 months). The 2-year estimates of LC (89%, 85%, and 93%, respectively; P = .72) and overall survival (76%, 73%, and 72%, respectively; P = .75) for ultracentral, central, and paramediastinal tumors were similar. Ultracentral tumors had an increased risk of grade 2+ toxicity (57.6% vs 14.2% vs 7.1%; P = .007) at 2 years. One patient with an ultracentral tumor developed grade 5 respiratory failure. Conclusions The oncologic outcomes after SBRT for ultracentral, central, and paramediastinal lung tumors were similar, with LC exceeding 85% at 2 years using predominantly 5-fraction schedules. Ultracentral lung tumors were associated with an increased risk of toxicity in our patient cohort. Additional studies are needed to minimize toxicity for ultracentral tumors.
Statin use is associated with less postoperative cardiac arrhythmia after total hip arthroplasty

Introduction:While statins have been found to reduce postoperative atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery, little is known about their use in total hip arthroplasty (THA). This study investigate...
A Brief Introduction to Named Data Networking

As a proposed Internet architecture, Named Data Networking (NDN) is designed to network the world of computing devices by naming data instead of naming data containers as IP does today. With this change, NDN brings a number of benefits to network communication, including built-in multicast, in-network caching, multipath forwarding, and securing data directly. NDN also enables resilient communication in intermittently connected and mobile ad hoc environments, which is difficult to achieve by today's TCP/IP architecture. This paper offers a brief introduction to NDN's basic concepts and operations, together with an extensive reference list for the design and development of NDN for readers interested in further exploration of the subject.
On the Free Vibration Analysis of a Sandwich Beam With Tip Mass

This paper presents the free vibration analysis of a sandwich beam with a tip mass using higher order sandwich panel theory (HSAPT). The governing equations of motion and boundary conditions are obtained using Hamilton’s principle. General Differential Quadrature (GDQ) is employed to solve the system governing equations of motion. The natural frequencies and mode shapes of the system are presented and Ansys simulation is performed to validate the results. Various boundary conditions are also employed to examine the natural frequencies of the sandwich beam without tip mass and the results are compared with those found in the literature. Parametric studies are conducted to examine the effect of key design parameters on the natural frequencies of the sandwich beam with and without tip mass.Copyright © 2018 by ASME
Cultural transmission in the post-contact Plateau region and beyond: Insights from funerary practices, fishing practices, clothing, and languages

Abstract The issue of cultural transmission has recently seen intensified interest across a broad geographical and temporal range of archaeological case studies. However, we must constantly assess our understanding of how cultural transmission and related issues (e.g., cultural selection) affect and effect material patterns, if the body of theory underpinning these types of studies is to continue to grow. The post-contact Plateau region of western North America has long been characterized as a region of relatively high cultural uniformity, facilitated by multiple means of intergroup contact. However, ironically, the region and its Historic-period communities have recently seen little work specifically targeted at these issues. Here, three cultural datasets—fishing practices, clothing styles, and funerary behaviors—were statistically examined for evidence of their relative extent of cross-community transmission. On theoretical grounds, relating to contrasts in function and the contextual and physical visibility of these practices, it was contended that differences may emerge in the extent of intergroup transmission. Specifically, it was predicted that funerary behaviors may have experienced less intergroup transmission compared to fishing practices and clothing patterns. The analyses consistently support these theoretical predictions, highlighting their validity as ways to conceive of similar likelihoods in the case of cultural transmission issues affecting archaeological data.
Deriving Commercial Level Adhesive Performance from a Bio-Based Mussel Mimetic Polymer

Adhesives are critical for holding together the products that we use every day. Most industrial glues are petroleum-based. These materials are strong bonding but also permanent, leading to difficulties in separation, recycling, and reuse of the components. Petroleum-based materials only exist in finite quantities, and sustainable alternatives are needed for the future. Results presented here are part of our efforts to develop adhesives that are nontoxic, renewably sourced, and allow substrates to be disassembled for recycling. By systematically studying formulation parameters for a biobased, mussel mimetic polymer, we now have developed a material that is able to compete with commercial biobased and petroleum-based adhesives in terms of adhesive strengths on multiple substrates.
Ultrafast magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging using SPICE with learned subspaces

Purpose To develop a subspace learning method for the recently proposed subspace-based MRSI approach known as SPICE, and achieve ultrafast 1 H-MRSI of the brain. Theory and methods A novel strategy is formulated to learn a low-dimensional subspace representation of MR spectra from specially acquired training data and use the learned subspace for general MRSI experiments. Specifically, the subspace learning problem is formulated as learning "empirical" distributions of molecule-specific spectral parameters (e.g., concentrations, lineshapes, and frequency shifts) by integrating physics-based model and the training data. The learned spectral parameters and quantum mechanical simulation basis can then be combined to construct acquisition-specific subspace for spatiospectral encoding and processing. High-resolution MRSI acquisitions combining ultrashort-TE/short-TR excitation, sparse sampling, and the elimination of water suppression have been performed to evaluate the feasibility of the proposed method. Results The accuracy of the learned subspace and the capability of the proposed method in producing high-resolution 3D 1 H metabolite maps and high-quality spatially resolved spectra (with a nominal resolution of ∼2.4 × 2.4 × 3 mm3 in 5 minutes) were demonstrated using phantom and in vivo studies. By eliminating water suppression, we are also able to extract valuable information from the water signals for data processing ( B 0 map, frequency drift, and coil sensitivity) as well as for mapping tissue susceptibility and relaxation parameters. Conclusions The proposed method enables ultrafast 1 H-MRSI of the brain using a learned subspace, eliminating the need of acquiring subject-dependent navigator data (known as D 1 ) in the original SPICE technique. It represents a new way to perform MRSI experiments and an important step toward practical applications of high-resolution MRSI.
Allergic inflammation is initiated by IL-33-dependent crosstalk between mast cells and basophils.

IgE-primed mast cells in peripheral tissues, including the skin, lung, and intestine, are key initiators of allergen-triggered edema and inflammation. Particularly in severe forms of allergy, this inflammation becomes strongly neutrophil dominated, and yet how mast cells coordinate this type of response is unknown. We and others have reported that activated mast cells––a hematopoietic cell type––can produce IL-33, a cytokine known to participate in allergic responses but generally considered as being of epithelial origin and driving Type 2 immune responses (e.g., ILC2 and eosinophil activation). Using models of skin anaphylaxis, our data reveal that mast cell-derived IL-33 also initiates neutrophilic inflammation. We demonstrate a cellular crosstalk mechanism whereby activated mast cells crosstalk to IL-33 receptor–bearing basophils, driving these basophils to adopt a unique response signature rich in neutrophil-associated molecules. We further establish that basophil expression of CXCL1 is necessary for IgE-driven neutrophilic inflammation. Our findings thus unearth a new mechanism by which mast cells initiate local inflammation after antigen triggering and might explain the complex inflammatory phenotypes observed in severe allergic diseases. Moreover, our findings (i) establish a functional link from IL-33 to neutrophilic inflammation that extends IL-33–mediated biology well beyond that of Type 2 immunity, and (ii) demonstrate the functional importance of hematopoietic cell–derived IL-33 in allergic pathogenesis.
Chapter 8 – Recombinant DNA

The story of the great success and often unanticipated, negative achievements of developed country agriculture continues with the story of how recombinant DNA has transformed agriculture. Biotech/genetically modified/genetically modified organism crops, a product of recombinant DNA technology and careful scientific research, have been the most rapidly adopted agricultural technology ever developed. The case for and the case against use of recombinant DNA in agriculture are crucial to understanding the changes in agricultural practice created by recombinant DNA technology. The chemistry of biotechnology is sophisticated and now seems omnipresent in the agricultural world. In spite of serious challenges, it is the wave of the future of production agriculture in the world. Its myriad benefits must be made clear to opponents. They and its proponents are obligated to listen to each other and responsibly debate the positive and negative aspects of recombinant DNA technology.
Disorders of insulin regulation

Abstract Obesity goes hand in hand with insulin resistance, which is a fundamental aspect of type 2 diabetes and is linked to hypertension, hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis, polycystic ovarian disease, and metabolic syndrome. The human body maintains blood glucose within an extremely narrow range, utilizing the hormones insulin and glucagon, both of which are secreted by the pancreas. The production of these endocrine hormones ultimately determines if a person has disorders such as diabetes or hypoglycemia. Both hormones are secreted in response to blood glucose levels, but in opposing ways. Many mechanisms by which obesity causes systemic insulin resistance are still unknown. However, clinicians now understand the adipo-insulin axis that involves the adipocyte hormone called leptin. Its actions include the regulation of food intake and energy expenditure. Leptin also controls the insulin–glucose axis, peripheral glucose, and insulin responsiveness. This chapter focuses on the disorders of insulin regulation known as type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome.
Speaking clearly for the hard of hearing. III: An attempt to determine the contribution of speaking rate to differences in intelligibility between clear and conversational speech

Previous studies (Picheny, Durlach, & Braida, 1985, 1986) have demonstrated that substantial intelligibility differences exist for hearing-impaired listeners for speech spoken clearly compared to speech spoken conversationally. This paper presents the results of a probe experiment intended to determine the contribution of speaking rate to the intelligibility differences. Clear sentences were processed to have the durational properties of conversational speech, and conversational sentences were processed to have the durational properties of clear speech. Intelligibility testing with hearing-impaired listeners revealed both sets of materials to be degraded after processing. However, the degradation could not be attributable to processing artifacts because reprocessing the materials to restore their original durations produced intelligibility scores close to those observed for the unprocessed materials. We conclude that the simple processing to alter the relative durations of the speech materials was not adequate to assess the contribution of speaking rate to the intelligibility differences; further studies are proposed to address this question.
Election Regulation during the COVID-19 Pandemic

The ongoing pandemic has necessitated dramatic changes to nearly every aspect of American life. The ways we work, shop, eat, and socialize have been radically restructured to protect our own health and that of our communities. This November, that radical restructuring will extend to the way we vote. Changes to our voting systems to safeguard public health, such as by allowing mail‐​in voting, are sorely needed, particularly if fears of another COVID-19 wave in the fall come true. At the same time, hastily switching from in‐​person voting to more‐​anonymized systems with which the states lack experience creates the potential for chaos, errors, and decreased electoral legitimacy in the eyes of voters. With little more than two months until the election, states must finalize decisions on what they are doing and communicate those plans to their citizens and the country as a whole.
Seroconversion of a city: Longitudinal monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in New York City

By conducting a retrospective, cross-sectional analysis of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in a sentinel group (enriched for SARS-CoV-2 infections) and a screening group (representative of the general population) using >5,000 plasma samples from patients at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York City (NYC), we identified seropositive samples as early as in the week ending February 23, 2020. A stark increase in seropositivity in the sentinel group started the week ending March 22 and in the screening group in the week ending March 29. By the week ending April 19, the seroprevalence in the screening group reached 19.3%, which is well below the estimated 67% needed to achieve community immunity to SARS-CoV-2. These data potentially suggest an earlier than previously documented introduction of SARS-CoV-2 into the NYC metropolitan area.
Academic acceleration in gifted youth and fruitless concerns regarding psychological well-being: A 35-year longitudinal study.

Academic acceleration of intellectually precocious youth is believed to harm overall psychological well-being even though short-term studies do not support this belief. Here we examine the long-term effects. Study 1 involves three cohorts identified before age 13, then longitudinally tracked for over 35 years: Cohort 1 gifted (top 1% in ability, identified 1972–1974, N = 1,020), Cohort 2 highly gifted (top 0.5% in ability, identified 1976–1979, N = 396), and Cohort 3 profoundly gifted (top 0.01% in ability, identified 1980–1983, N = 220). Two forms of educational acceleration were examined: (a) age at high school graduation and (b) quantity of advanced learning opportunities pursued prior to high school graduation. Participants were evaluated at age 50 on several well-known indicators of psychological well-being. Amount of acceleration did not covary with psychological well-being. Study 2, a constructive replication of Study 1, used a different high-potential sample—elite science, technology, engineering, and mathematics graduate students (N = 478) identified in 1992. Their educational histories were assessed at age 25 and they were followed up at age 50 using the same psychological assessments. Again, the amount of educational acceleration did not covary with psychological well-being. Further, the psychological well-being of participants in both studies was above the average of national probability samples. Concerns about long-term social/emotional effects of acceleration for high-potential students appear to be unwarranted, as has been demonstrated for short-term effects. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved)
Quantifying Respiratory Airborne Particle Dispersion Control Through Improvised Reusable Masks

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of non-medical grade washable masks or face coverings in controlling airborne dispersion from exhalation (both droplet and aerosol), and to aid in establishing public health strategies on the wearing of masks to reduce COVID-19 transmission. Design: This comparative effectiveness study using an exhalation simulator to conduct 94 experiment runs with combinations of 8 different fabrics, 5 mask designs, and airflows for both talking and coughing. Setting: Non-airtight fume hood and multiple laser scattering particle sensors. Participants: No human participants. Exposure: 10% NaCl nebulized solution delivered by an exhalation simulator through various masks and fabrics with exhalation airflows representative of "coughing" and "talking or singing." Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was reduction in aerosol dispersion velocity, quantity of particles, and change in dispersion direction. Measurements used in this study included peak expiratory flow (PEF), aerosol velocity, concentration area under curve (AUC), and two novel metrics of expiratory flow dispersion factor (EDF) and filtration efficiency indicator (FEI). Results: Three-way multivariate analysis of variance establishes that factors of fabric, mask design, and exhalation breath level have a statistically significant effect on changing direction, reducing velocity or concentration (Fabric: P = < .001, Wilks9 Λ = .000; Mask design: P = < .001, Wilks9 Λ = .000; Breath level: P = < .001, Wilks9 Λ = .004). There were also statistically significant interaction effects between combinations of all primary factors. Conclusions and Relevance: The application of facial coverings or masks can significantly reduce the airborne dispersion of aerosolized particles from exhalation. The results show that wearing of non-medical grade washable masks or face coverings can help increase the effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) especially where infectious contaminants may exist in shared air spaces. However, the effectiveness varies greatly between the specific fabrics and mask designs used.
Hybrid Federated Learning: Algorithms and Implementation.

Federated learning (FL) is a recently proposed distributed machine learning paradigm dealing with distributed and private data sets. Based on the data partition pattern, FL is often categorized into horizontal, vertical, and hybrid settings. Despite the fact that many works have been developed for the first two approaches, the hybrid FL setting (which deals with partially overlapped feature space and sample space) remains less explored, though this setting is extremely important in practice. In this paper, we first set up a new model-matching-based problem formulation for hybrid FL, then propose an efficient algorithm that can collaboratively train the global and local models to deal with full and partial featured data. We conduct numerical experiments on the multi-view ModelNet40 data set to validate the performance of the proposed algorithm. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first formulation and algorithm developed for the hybrid FL.
Effects of foam rolling for delayed onset muscle soreness on loaded military task performance and perceived recovery.

Abstract Background/Objective The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effects of foam rolling (FR) and passive recovery (PR) on symptoms of delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and military-specific performance. Methods Twenty men and women (age: 23.6 ± 4.1 years, height: 176.4 ± 5.6 cm, and body mass: 84.7 ± 13.4 kg) completed a DOMS-inducing exercise protocol (DIP), followed by FR or PR. Four loaded military tasks (LMT) were performed 24 h later. Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was measured during DIP and after each LMT. Rating of muscle pain (RMP) was measured prior to the LMTs and after the recovery protocols. A repeated measure analysis of variance and partial eta squared were used to compare LMT performance across baseline, FR and PR sessions. Friedman tests compared perceptual variables across baseline, FR, and PR. Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-ranks test evaluated RPE during DIP, post-DIP, and post-recovery RMP between FR and PR. Results LMT performance times were significantly faster after FR compared to PR (stair climb: p = .038, cover position sprint: p = .011, simulated ammunition can carry: p = .003, Shuttle Run: p = .034). RPE measured during LMTs was similar across all data points. Post-recovery RMP for FR (3.0 (2.3, 4.0)) and PR (4.0 (3.0, 6.0)) were not significantly different. Conclusion FR reduced the impact of DOMS on three loaded tactical performance tasks without significant reduction in perceived soreness.
Adult Moyamoya Syndrome Caused by Varicella Zoster Virus Infection: A Case Series (P6.251)

Objective: To report the association between Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) infection and adult Moyamoya Syndrome (MMS). Background: Moyamoya vasculopathy (MMV) is characterized by progressive stenosis and occlusion of the supraclinoid internal carotid arteries (ICAs) and main branches with development of numerous small collateral vessels. MMS is defined by angiographic MMV pattern in the setting of predisposing medical conditions such as phacomatoses, radiation, infections and others. VZV infection is a documented cause of intracranial vasculopathy but its unique association with MMS is underreported. Two cases of MMS associated with VZV infection have been reported in the pediatric population. Design/Methods: Moyamoya Database was established in our institution after reviewing patients with ICD10 code of Moyamoya or cerebrovascular occlusive disease from 2007 to 2016. The diagnosis of MMV was confirmed by cerebral angiogram or CT angiogram. CNS VZV infection was confirmed by cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) studies. The clinical presentation, laboratory data, and radiological studies including MRI vessel wall imaging (VWI) were reviewed. Results: Three patients were found to have evidence of MMV on angiogram and VZV infection on CSF study. MRI VWI in two of the patients showed marked vessel wall thickening and irregular vessel wall enhancement. In the third patient, MRI VWI was not performed but T1 post-contrast sequence showed mild vessel wall thickening and enhancement. These findings are of indicative of an active inflammatory and infective process. All three patients had positive VZV PCR in CSF, and/or positive anti-VZV IgG antibody in CSF with an increased CSF-to-serum ratio compared to ratio for total IgG to albumin, indicative of intrathecal synthesis of anti-VZV IgG antibody. Conclusions: VZV infection could be considered as a potential etiology in patients presenting with MMS. MRI VWI in patients with MMS as well as CSF studies should be considered to evaluate VZV infection. Disclosure: Dr. Husari has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sguigna has nothing to disclose. Dr. Shang has nothing to disclose.
Idiopathic orbital inflammation refractory to rituximab but sensitive to methotrexate

Purpose : Idiopathic orbital inflammation (IOI) represents a spectrum of non-infectious orbital processes that are managed with corticosteroids and/or steroid sparing immunosuppressive therapies in refractory or recurrent cases. We present two patients with IOI who were resistant to rituximab infusions but subsequently responded to oral methotrexate (MTX). Methods : Case series Results : Patient #1: A 73-year old man with a 16-year history of biopsy-proven recurrent left IOI involving the inferior rectus (Fig. 1a) presented with diplopia and persistent optic disc edema (ODE) (Fig. 2a) first noted 5 months prior. Previous treatments included prednisone up to 80 mg daily, orbital triamcinolone injections, and two rituximab infusion courses without improvement. He was started on oral MTX 15 mg weekly with a taper of prednisone. His ODE and diplopia improved at 6 weeks;however, treatment was discontinued after six months due to his concerns related to COVID-19. All findings resolved three months after stopping MTX. Patient #2: A 67-year old woman presented with a 3-year history of a right orbital mass involving the lacrimal gland and extraocular muscles (Fig. 1b) causing proptosis and diplopia. Orbital biopsy showed chronic inflammatory changes and was negative for IgG4 or lymphoma. Systemic inflammatory and infectious workup was unremarkable. She had minimal improvement in proptosis and diplopia after two courses of rituximab with intermittent oral prednisone. She later presented with ODE, cystoid macular edema, and an inferotemporal exudative retinal detachment (RD) (Fig. 2b). The ocular manifestations improved with a 10 day course of prednisone 40 mg/day but recurred on prednisone taper. All findings resolved after 2 months of MTX 20 mg weekly. Conclusions : While anti-metabolites are typically used early in the course of recurrent IOI with rituximab reserved for more recalcitrant disease, this study demonstrates that MTX may provide benefit for IOI refractory to rituximab with secondary ocular manifestations. This may be due to more gradual suppression of the immune system with MTX.
Penile reconstruction: An up-to-date review of the literature.

Objective : To review the literature on adult penile reconstruction due to Peyronie's disease, trauma and cosmesis, while emphasising specific surgical techniques and procedures such as phalloplasty, radial forearm free flap reconstruction, and penile transplant. Methods : A comprehensive review of the literature for the years 1992-2020 of the PubMed and SpringerLink databases was performed to identify articles on penile reconstruction. Search terms included 'penile reconstruction', 'penile trauma', 'phalloplasty', 'penile transplant', and 'treatment of Peyronie's'. Relevant articles were selected. All included studies were performed on adults and written in English. Results : We were able to identify 46 papers from PubMed and SpringerLink that included the research terms. From these, we included technical details of procedures and gleaned photographs of their works. Additionally, we included photographs from our institution's own plication surgery cases. Conclusions : The field of adult penile reconstruction is performed for a plethora of reasons. From cosmetic to urgent and from routine to complex, it is most certainly a growing subset of Urology that plays a vital role for the men who need it. To our knowledge, this is the most up-to-date review of adult penile reconstruction.
A 3.7-6.5GHz 8-Phase N-Path Mixer-First Receiver with LO Overlap Suppression Achieving 5dBm OOB B1dB

This paper presents an 8-phase N-path mixer-first receiver in 45nm SOI operating from 3.7-6.5GHz. The receiver implements an LO overlap suppression technique to relax the LO duty-cycle requirement for such mixers, allowing 8-phase 25% duty-cycle LO to realize 8-phase operation at higher frequencies. The prototype receiver achieves a noise figure of 2.4-4.7dB while consuming 89-135mW. The out-of-band (OOB) blocker 1dB compression point (B1dB) is >5dBm and OOB IIP3 is >+28dBm. The receiver allows 22-43dB third-order harmonic rejection (HR3) without any calibration, and up to 72dB HR3 with proper recombination weighting in DSP.
Effects of a non-native cyanobacterium on bay scallops (Argopecten irradians) in a New England seagrass ecosystem.

Abstract Bay scallops (Argopecten irradians) are an economically valuable species whose populations have declined in recent decades due in part to harmful algal and cyanobacterial blooms. Nantucket, Massachusetts hosts one of the last remaining bay scallop fisheries in the U.S., but recently documented the occurrence of a non-native cyanobacterium (Hydrocoleum sp.). Hydrocoleum can form dense mats in seagrass beds, the primary habitat of scallops, but is also diazotrophic, potentially augmenting bioavailable nitrogen to primary producers and fueling secondary production. We conducted surveys to explore the relationships between Hydrocoleum and scallop condition, reproductive potential, and density in eelgrass beds in Nantucket Harbor as well as effects of other habitat characteristics (e.g., eelgrass cover) on these same scallop traits. We found low Hydrocoleum cover during our sampling, but found fewer large scallops in plots with Hydrocoleum, suggesting that this size class may be especially vulnerable to negative effects of Hydrocoleum. Contrary to expectation, we found a positive correlation between Hydrocoleum cover and scallop condition. These patterns suggest that Hydrocoleum may enhance scallop condition, but also affect habitat use, highlighting the need for manipulative experiments to clarify mechanisms driving these relationships. Understanding how non-native species such as Hydrocoleum impact fishery species will help advance conservation and resource management efforts.
The Impact of Coproduction Resentment on Continuation Intention

Coproduction is defined as collaboration between an organization and the consumer in the design, marketing, or delivery of goods or services, which the consumer ultimately utilizes. While coproduct...
Automated Pap Tests

A decade ago, very few cytology laboratories were engaged in automated cytology. Since then, several automated preparation devices have been introduced including instruments for cell collection from liquid samples, monolayer slide preparation, and autostainers. Computers were interfaced with cytology microscope stages (e.g., AcCell Series 2000, Pathfinder System, Cytosafe System) to assist with screening, by ensuring that all fields on a slide were examined. Manual Pap test screening remained a challenge because this task was (and still is) repetitive, labor-intensive, suffers from a significant false negative rate, carries ergonomic risk, and can be affected by the screening environment. This difficulty is compounded by the shortage of skilled cytotechnologists, which ushered in the need for automated screening of Pap tests. Early semi-automated screening devices were plagued by lack of a standardized sample, the conventional Pap smear, conducive to rapid digital image acquisition and computer processing. This resulted in the advent of Liquid-Based Cytology (LBC) with production of a cellular “monolayer” on a glass slide. Today, advances in computing, innovative software and digital imaging technology have been leveraged to successfully automate Pap test screening.
Direct stimulation of Bruton's tyrosine kinase by G protein alpha subunits.

Heterotrimeric G proteins transduce signals from cell surface receptors to downstream effectors to control a wide variety of cellular responses. One class of effectors for G proteins is tyrosine kinases. The first tyrosine kinase effector discovered for Gα q protein is Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk). Btk family tyrosine kinases include Btk, Tec, Itk/Tsk, Bmx/Etk, and Txk/Rlk. These tyrosine kinases are characterized by an amino-terminal pleckstrin homology (PH) domain followed by a Tec homology (TH) domain [composed of a Btk motif (BM) and a protein-rich (PR) region], a Src homology 3 (SH3) domain, an SH2 domain, and a COOH terminal kinase domain. They are expressed in a variety of cells and tissues including hematopoietic, epithelial, and endothelial cells and they are involved in cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and other cellular signaling processes. Defects in Btk are responsible for X chromosome-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) in humans and X chromosome-linked immunodeficiency (XID) in mice. Combined deletion of ltk and Rlk in mice cause marked defects in T cell receptor mediated responses including proliferation, cytokine production, apoptosis, and adaptive immune responses.
31P NMR spectroscopy: The noninvasive tool for the study of the biochemistry of the cardiovascular system

Abstract Recent advances in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy have allowed the transition to be made from using animal models for studies of the biochemistry of the cardiovascular system to direct measurements in human myocardium. 31 P NMR spectroscopy is now being used to define changes in the relative concentrations of phosphocreatine and ATP (the abundant high-energy phosphate compounds in muscle) in normal, ischemic, hypertrophied, and failing human hearts. Use of 31 P magnetization transfer to measure turnover of high-energy phosphate-containing compounds provides new insights into myocardial energetics.
Financial exclusion of the poor: a literature review

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to conduct a cross-disciplinary review of the literature on financial exclusion in order to provide a place where one could have a bird’s eye view of the academic activities that have been happening in the area. Design/methodology/approach – As a literature review, no specific methodology is required. Findings – Researchers in economic geography and urbanization seem to have contributed significantly to the growing literature on financial exclusion. The persistence of the problem despite efforts to combat it calls for innovative thinking on the part of marketing scholars and financial institutions on how to serve the unbanked. Research limitations/implications – The review identifies gaps in the state of current research and provides direction for future research. Practical implications – The study identifies gaps in the literature and provides directions for future research. Social implications – As a literature review, there is only an indirect social implications ...
Review article : Numerical simulations of the infusion of Adriamycin using a physiological flow model

Abstract The antineoplastic drug Adriamycin is administered by short term i.v. infusion. The drug is noted for its acute and chronic cadiotoxity in addition to its toxicity on the bone marrow and gut. A physiological flow model and computer program, which contains a subprogram for continuous infusion of a drug, was used to simulate the distribution of Adriamycin during infusion in heart, bone marrow, gut, kidney, muscle, skin, liver and bile. Simulations were carried out 1, 2, 5, 10 and 20 min of infusion. Computations were made for the concentration of drug in these organs as a function of time over a total period of 48 min. Simulations showed the heart and kidney would contained high concentration of drug during infusion which rapidly declined upon cessation of infusion. Bone marrow and gut showed a less rapid accumulation and decline. Muscle and skin showed even a slower accumulation and decline. Simulations also showed the effect of altering the rate of infusion on the concentration in the liver and excretion in the bile.
Sexual Ethics and Islam: Feminist Reflections on Qur'an, Hadith, and Jurisprudence

Introduction: Toward an Islamic Ethics of Sex 1. Marriage 2. Lesser Evils: Divorce in Islamic Ethics 3. "What your right hands possess:" Slave Concubinage in Muslim Texts and Discourses 4. Prohibited Acts and Forbidden Partners: Illicit Sex in Islamic Jurisprudence 5. Don't Ask, Don't Tell: Same-Sex Intimacy in Muslim Thought 6. "Reduce But Do Not Destroy": Female Genital Cutting in Islamic Sources Conclusion
Anti-Ly-1 antibody induces interleukin 2 release from T cells

In this report we show that a signal provided by binding of anti-Ly-1 antibody to the Ly-1 cell surface protein, along with a second signal provided by mitogen, can trigger a T cell into activation and increase [Ca2+]i and the release of IL2. At optimal concentrations, the effects of anti-Ly-1 and IL 1 are additive, suggesting a different activation pathway for each.
Desarrollo exportador y desarrollo capitalista colombiano en el Siglo XIX

El siglo XIX fue una larga y penosa transiciA³n del capitalismo en Colombia. TodavA­a a finales del siglo XIX comienzos del siglo XX, era difA­cil encontrar en el paA­s los elementos de una estructura capitalista, era difA­cil encontrar formas de trabajo asalariado o redes mercantiles extensas que vincularan a los productores a un mercado amplio nacional o mundial. Sin embargo, en Colombia como Europa, auque a travA©s de procesos histA³ricos muy diferentes el trabajo asalariado y las redes mercantiles extensas fueron el resultado de un largo proceso de desarrollo, a travA©s del cual el capital fue subordinado en forma creciente a los diferentes elementos de la estructura social. Este proceso de desarrollo se viviA³ de manera acelerada en Colombia en las dos dA©cadas anteriores a la crisis mundial de 1929, como consecuencia de una bonanza exportadora sin precedentes en la historia anterior del paA­s y durante las crisis de los aA±os 30, con base a una bonanza industrial. El rAipido desarrollo capitalista a partir de 1910 puede hacer perder de vista el lento proceso de transformaciA³n al capitalismo que viviA³ Colombia desde fines del perA­odo colonial. Desde el punto de vista del proceso de desarrollo capitalista, la economA­a colonial puede definirse en tres caracterA­sticas: En primer lugar, por su articulaciA³n dA©bil al mercado mundial. En segundo lugar, por el subdesarrollo del mercado interno y finalmente porque a pesar de su atraso mercantil contenA­a en ella elementos bAisicos del desarrollo capitalista.
Challenges in Deploying Steerable Wireless Testbeds

Phased array antennas enable the use of real-time beam-forming and null-steering to further increase control of signal strength and interference in wireless networks. Understanding the potential of this platform for both mesh and single-hop networks is becoming more important as smart antennas begin to appear in emerging networking standards. Prior attempts to test non-standard antenna platforms have typically focused around simulations, fixed (non-steerable) directional antenna testbeds, and small scale temporary setups utilizing 1 or 2 phased array antenna nodes over the span of a few hundred meters. This paper presents the challenges encountered – and solutions developed – in building WART, a permanent, campus-wide testbed for wireless networking with beam-forming antennas.
Complete band gaps in two-dimensional photonic quasicrystals

We introduce an optimization method to design examples of photonic quasicrystals with substantial, complete photonic band gaps; that is, a range of frequencies over which electromagnetic wave propagation is forbidden for all directions and polarizations. The method can be applied to photonic quasicrystals with arbitrary rotational symmetry; here, we illustrate the results for fivefold and eightfold symmetric quasicrystals. The optimized band gaps are highly isotropic, which may offer advantages over photonic crystals for certain applications.
An application of a simple diagnostic cloud model to the 20 May 1977 storms over the Oklahoma meso-network

The average mesoscale environmental properties such as mass, moisture and vorticity that produce heavy rain have been computed by kinematic techniques for the 20 May 1977 severe storm using NSSL meso-network observations. A simple steady-state cloud model derived from the conservation law is applied to these storm data. The rainfall estimated by the condensation rate of the cloud model agrees fairly well with that observed at the ground. The total energy of the storm system is largely supported by the latent heat release.
The neural regulation of some phenotypic differences between the fiber types of mammalian skeletal muscle.

Abstract The fibers of mammalian muscles differ qualitatively in the pH lability of their myosin ATPase. The ATPase of the α fibers is acid-labile, that of the β fibers is base-labile, and that of the αβ fibers is intermediate in pH lability. By using cross-reinnervation techniques, we sought to ascertain the role of the nerve in the regulation of these phenotypic differences between muscle fiber types. In cats and rats, the soleus muscle contains β fibers predominantly, whereas the flexor hallucis longus and medial gastrocnemius muscles contain all three fiber types. After reinnervation of the soleus by the nerve to the flexor hallucis longus or medial gastrocnemius, many clusters of α fibers were observed, and after crossreinnervation of the flexor hallucis longus many clusters of β fibers were found. We concluded that as a result of altered innervation there is a qualitative change in the type of ATPase in many muscle fibers; the αβ fibers can be converted to α or to β fibers and the α and β fibers can be interconverted. However, the α and β fibers do not appear to be convertible to αβ. Since the qualitative differences in pH lability probably reflect differences in protein composition of the enzyme, and since the type of protein manufactured by a cell is genetically controlled, the results are interpreted as indicating that regulation of gene expression is one of the “trophic” functions of the vertebrate neuron.
Determination of Energy Balance in Normal Birth Weight Neonates Using Infrared Thermographic Calorimetry (ITC)

Determination of Energy Balance in Normal Birth Weight Neonates Using Infrared Thermographic Calorimetry (ITC)
Effects of seed migration on post‐implant dosimetry of prostate brachytherapy

Brachytherapy using permanent seed implants has been an effective treatment for prostate cancer. However, seeds will migrate after implant, thus making the evaluation of post-implant dosimetry difficult. In this study, we developed a computer program to simulate seed migration and analyzed dosimetric changes due to seed migration at various migration amounts. The study was based on 14 patients treated with Pd-103 at the James Cancer Hospital. Modeling of seed migration, including direction, distance as well as day of migration, was based on clinical observations. Changes of commonly used dosimetric parameters as a function of migration amount (2, 4, 6 mm respectively), prostate size (from 20 to 90 cc ), and prostate region (central vs peripheral) were studied. Change of biological outcome (tumor control probability) due to migration was also estimated. Migration reduced prostate D90 to 99 ± 2 % of original value in 2 mm migration, and the reduction increased to 94 ± 6 % in 6 mm migration. The reduction of prostate dose led to a 14% (40%) drop in the tumor control probability for 2 mm ( 6 mm ) migration, assuming radiosensitive tumors. However, migration has less effect on a prostate implanted with a larger number of seeds. Prostate V100 was less sensitive to migration than D90 since its mean value was still 99% of original value even in 6 mm migration. Migration also showed a different effect in the peripheral region vs the central region of the prostate, where the peripheral mean dose tended to drop more significantly. Therefore, extra activity implanted in the peripheral region during pre-plan can be considered. The detrimental effects of migration were more severe in terms of increasing the dose to normal structures, as rectum V50 may be 70% higher and urethra V100 may be 50% higher in the case of 6 mm migration. Quantitative knowledge of these effects is helpful in treatment planning and post-implant evaluation.
A practical method for constructing LR (k) processors

A practical method for constructing LR(k) processors is developed. These processors are capable of recognizing and parsing an input during a single no-backup scan in a number of steps equal to the length of the input plus the number of steps in its derivation.The technique presented here is based on the original method described by Knuth, but decreases both the effort required to construct the processor and the size of the processor produced. This procedure involves partitioning the given grammar into a number of smaller parts. If an LR(k) processor can be constructed for each part (using Knuth's algorithm) and if certain conditions relating these individual processors are satisfied, then an LR(k) processor for the entire grammar can be constructed for them. Using this procedure, an LR(1) parser for ALGOL has been obtained.
Method Evaluation for Total β-Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Using Urine and the ADVIA Centaur

We recently described the use of a quantitative serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) assay with urine samples (1) . Quantitative urine hCG assays are important in validations of point-of-care qualitative hCG tests and in cases of suspected false-positive quantitative serum hCG results because of heterophilic antibodies (2)(3). Here, we report our study of the ADVIA Centaur® (Bayer Corporation) total-hCG (ThCG) serum assay with urine. Recovery of hCG (US Pharmaco-peia) added to urine was >100% at all concentrations (Table 1⇓ ). At concentrations ≤200 IU/L, recovery was >130%. Urine hCG measurements ≤200 IU/L were linear but were not parallel to expected amounts. For samples with …
Kinetic‐Theory Deviations from Blanc's Law of Ion Mobilities

Ion mobilities in gas mixtures are investigated by rigorous kinetic theory. It is shown that the Einstein relation between mobility and diffusion coefficient is exact in higher approximations, contrary to previous conjectures, and an explicit expression for the deviations from Blanc's law for ions in a binary gas mixture is obtained in second Chapman–Enskog approximation. Numerical calculations show that deviations from Blanc's law are usually small, as expected, but that systems with large deviations are possible. The results apply generally to any tracer diffusion, and are not limited to ions.
Review: The Fuzzing of America

(1971). Review: The Fuzzing of America. Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning: Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 60-64.
Experimental study of rf pulsed heating on oxygen free electronic copper

When the thermal stresses induced by RF pulsed heating are larger than the elastic limit, microcracks and surface roughening will occur due to cyclic fatigue. Therefore, pulsed heating limits the maximum surface magnetic field and through it the maximum achievable accelerating gradient. An experiment using circularly cylindrical cavities operating in the TE{sub 011} mode at a resonant frequency of 11.424 GHz was designed to study pulsed heating on Oxygen Free Electronic (OFE) copper. An X-band klystron delivered up to 10 MW to the cavities in 1.5 {micro}s pulses at 60 Hz repetition rate. One run was executed at a temperature rise of 120 K for 56 x 10{sup 6} pulses. Cracks at grain boundaries, slip bands and cracks associated with these slip bands were observed. The second run consisted of 86 x 10{sup 6} pulses with a temperature rise of 82 K, and cracks at grain boundaries and slip bands were seen. Additional information can be derived from the power-coupling iris, and we conclude that a pulsed temperature rise of 250 K for several million pulses leads to destruction of copper. These results can be applied to any mode of any OFE copper cavity.