cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Plantazolicin Is an Ultranarrow-Spectrum Antibiotic That Targets the Bacillus anthracis Membrane

Plantazolicin (PZN) is a ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified natural product from Bacillus methylotrophicus FZB42 and Bacillus pumilus. Extensive tailoring to twelve of the fourteen amino acid residues in the mature natural product endows PZN with not only a rigid, polyheterocyclic structure, but also antibacterial activity. Here we report a remarkably discriminatory activity of PZN toward Bacillus anthracis, which rivals a previously-described gamma (γ) phage lysis assay in distinguishing B. anthracis from other members of the Bacillus cereus group. We evaluate the underlying cause of this selective activity by measuring the RNA expression profile of PZN-treated B. anthracis, which revealed significant upregulation of genes within the cell envelope stress response. PZN depolarizes the B. anthracis membrane like other cell envelope-acting compounds but uniquely localizes to distinct foci within the envelope. Selection and whole-genome sequencing of PZN-resistant mutants of B. anthracis implicate a relationship between the action of PZN and cardiolipin (CL) within the membrane. Exogenous CL increases the potency of PZN in wild type B. anthracis and promotes the incorporation of fluorescently tagged PZN in the cell envelope. We propose that PZN localizes to and exacerbates structurally compromised regions of the bacterial membrane, which ultimately results in cell lysis.
Community Evidence of Clozapine's Effectiveness

Clozapinehasaspecialplaceinthetreatmentofschizophrenia. Controlled trials over the past three decades have demonstrated that it is more effective than other medications for treating psychosis in individuals who are poor responders to other antipsychotics. This is clearly evident for the most severelyillpatientswhoarecommonlytreatedasinpatients,and itisalsotrueforoutpatientswhohavelingeringsymptomsasa resultofbeingpartialresponders.Thesuperiorityofclozapine has also been apparent in large meta-analyses of clinical trials where it produces better outcomes than all other medications (1). In this issue of the Journal, the article by Stroup and colleagues (2) uses Medicaid data to address clozapine’ se ffectiveness in the clinical settings where it is likely to be prescribed. The study compared outcomes in subjects who weretreatedwithclozapinewithpropensity-matchedpatients who were treated with another antipsychotic. The clozapinetreated patients were less likely to be hospitalized (hazard ratio50.78), less likely to have their medication changed (hazard ratio50.76), and less likely to have an additional antipsychotic (hazard ratio50.76). As expected, clozapine was associated with new incidents ofdiabetes(hazard ratio51.41), hyperlipidemia(hazardratio51.24),andintestinalobstruction (hazardratio51.94).The findings (asindicated inthe tablesin the datasupplement) arestill validwhen the studiesinclusion criteria are broader and narrower. This observational trial is important because it indicates that clozapine’s advantages can be shown in routine clinical practice in the United States, as well as in controlled clinical trials.Itisimportanttonotethatpropensity-matchingmatches subjectsfortheirdegreeofillness,butnotfortreatmentfactors other than the drug itself that may be associated with better study outcomes. As noted by the authors, settings where clozapine is commonly prescribed may have better clinicians and better resources. Also, patients who are willing to accept clozapine treatment may be more cooperative and treatment adherent.Ontheotherhand,thestudy’soutcomesthatfocused on hospitalization and medication changes may miss some of clozapine’s distinct advantages. For example, in a VA Cooperative Study, Rosenheck and colleagues (3) found that patients who were treated with clozapine were more likely to become receptive to psychosocial treatments and rehabilitation. This activity was then associated with improved functional outcomes. It is also this writer’s experience that patients who receive clozapine may continue to experience psychotic symptoms, but they acknowledge less dysphoria related to the symptoms.
Genetic alterations of triple negative breast cancer by targeted next-generation sequencing and correlation with tumor morphology.

Triple negative breast cancer represents a heterogeneous group of breast carcinomas, both at the histologic and genetic level. Although recent molecular studies have comprehensively characterized the genetic landscape of these tumors, few have integrated a detailed histologic examination into the analysis. In this study, we defined the genetic alterations in 39 triple negative breast cancers using a high-depth targeted massively parallel sequencing assay and correlated the findings with a detailed morphologic analysis. We obtained representative frozen tissue of primary triple negative breast cancers from patients treated at our institution between 2002 and 2010. We characterized tumors according to their histologic subtype and morphologic features. DNA was extracted from paired frozen primary tumor and normal tissue samples and was subjected to a targeted massively parallel sequencing platform comprising 229 cancer-associated genes common across all experiments. The average number of non-synonymous mutations was 3 (range 0–10) per case. The most frequent somatic alterations were mutations in TP53 (74%) and PIK3CA (10%) and MYC amplifications (26%). Triple negative breast cancers with apocrine differentiation less frequently harbored TP53 mutations (25%) and MYC gains (0%), and displayed a high mutation frequency in PIK3CA and other PI3K signaling pathway-related genes (75%). Using a targeted massively parallel sequencing platform, we identified the key somatic genetic alterations previously reported in triple negative breast cancers. Furthermore, our findings show that triple negative breast cancers with apocrine differentiation constitute a distinct subset, characterized by a high frequency of PI3K pathway alterations similar to luminal subtypes of breast cancer.
Long-term health implications of school quality.

Abstract Objective Individual academic achievement is a well-known predictor of adult health, and addressing education inequities may be critical to reducing health disparities. Disparities in school quality are well documented. However, we lack nationally representative studies evaluating the impact of school quality on adult health. We aim to determine whether high school quality predicts adult health outcomes after controlling for baseline health, socio-demographics and individual academic achievement. Methods We analyzed data from 7037 adolescents who attended one of 77 high schools in the Unites States and were followed into adulthood from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. Selected school-level quality measures—average daily attendance, school promotion rate, parental involvement, and teacher experience—were validated based on ability to predict high school graduation and college attendance. Individual adult health outcomes included self-rated health, diagnosis of depression, and having a measured BMI in the obese range. Results Logistic regressions controlling for socio-demographics, baseline health, health insurance, and individual academic performance demonstrated that school quality significantly predicted all health outcomes. As hypothesized, attending a school with lower average daily attendance predicted lower self-rated health (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) 1.59, p = 0.003) and higher odds of depression diagnosis (AOR 1.35, p = 0.03); and attending a school with higher parent involvement predicted lower odds of obesity (AOR 0.69, p = 0.001). However, attending a school with higher promotion rate also predicted lower self-rated health (AOR1.20, p Conclusions High school quality may be an important, but complex, social determinant of health. These findings highlight the potential inter-dependence of education and health policy.
A Machine Release Scheme for the Job Shop Work Center

Abstract The job shop may be viewed as a network of queues with each work center then defined as a single or multichannel service facility. In the low volume situation, manufacturing improvements may be expected of each work station. The effect of learning at the service facility will be seen as a reduction of queue congestion and a lessening of unit waiting time. This may eventually lead to excessive idle service capacity or reduced machine utilization. Where there are several machines at each work station, and learning can be expected, a scheme can be developed wherein machines could be released on a schedule to other work assignments while maintaining a relatively constant level of machine utilization.
Transferring the PRIMO Coarse-Grained Force Field to the Membrane Environment: Simulations of Membrane Proteins and Helix-Helix Association.

An extension of the recently developed PRIMO coarse-grained force field to membrane environments, PRIMO-M, is described. The membrane environment is modeled with the heterogeneous dielectric generalized Born (HDGB) methodology that simply replaces the standard generalized Born model in PRIMO without further parametrization. The resulting model was validated by comparing amino acid insertion free energy profiles and application in molecular dynamics simulations of membrane proteins and membrane-interacting peptides. Membrane proteins with 148–661 amino acids show stable root-mean-squared-deviations (RMSD) between 2 and 4 A for most systems. Transmembrane helical peptides maintain helical shape and exhibit tilt angles in good agreement with experimental or other simulation data. The association of two glycophorin A (GpA) helices was simulated using replica exchange molecular dynamics simulations yielding the correct dimer structure with a crossing angle in agreement with previous studies. Finally, conformat...
Unsteady heat transfer from a circular fin with nonlinear dissipation

Time- dependent heat flow in a longitudinal or circular fin with coupled convection and radiation transfer at its surface is presented. The problem is solved for two cases. First, the fin at ambient temperature throughout is exposed to a harmonic oscillation at its base for zero time. Second, the fin having a nonuniform temperature profile initially, receives a periodic temperature variation at the base. The appropiate sink temperatures are maintained constant. The solution is obtained by the application of the straight line method that reduces the descriptive partial differential equation to a system of first order ordinary differential equations. This system is then solved numerically and the results utilized for the calculation of the temperature field and subsequently the heat flux from the fin.
Matrix iteration method for nonlinear eigenvalue problems with applications

Abstract A simple and intuitive matrix iteration method for solving nonlinear eigenvalue problems is described and demonstrated in detail by two problems: (i) the boundary value problem associated with large deflection of a flexible rod, and (ii) the initial value problem associated with normal mode motion of a double pendulum. The two problems are solved by two approaches, the finite difference approach and a continuous realization approach which is similar in spirit to the Rayleigh–Ritz method.
A Study on the Core Issues of China's Land Resources Management in the Context of New Urbanization

The new urbanization state plan(2014—2020)makes an explicit deployment of China's urbanization over the next 15 years.Impacted by the new-type urbanization planning,necessary adjustments should be made in terms of land resources management.In the context of new-type urbanization,such problems as food safety,rural-urban divide elimination as well as public service equalization,and land management fairness and efficiency have become the core issues at present,whereas in the future,three new issues need to be taken seriously—the construction of ecological civilization in land resources management,the dynamic construction of land policies,and the integration of technological means with governing philosophy.Understanding and resolving these problems are of help to the implementation of new urbanization strategies and the improvement of land resources management reforms.
Whether to include Java 8 features in introductory CS courses: conference workshop

Programming languages change over time. New features are added, others are deprecated, and sometimes even the basic syntax and semantics of the core language change. When changes happen to languages in common use in the introductory computer science curriculum, it can be very disquieting. Should courses be updated? Should topics be removed to make room for new features? Is responding to programming language/library changes contradictory to the basic goals of a course? What are the goals of an introductory CS course?
Child Abuse in the United States

In the United States, the history of confronting child abuse and maltreatment dates as far back as 1875. The modern era of addressing child abuse continues to evolve, with an ever-growing number of child abuse cases being discovered due to increased awareness, protection, and mandated reporting laws. The role of the federal government in child welfare increased with the creation of the federal Child Abuse and Prevention Treatment Act in 1974, and the federal government continues to assist states in assessing and combating child abuse. Risk factors and their interactions associated with higher levels of child abuse can be separated into four domains: caregiver, family, child, and environmental. When children are abused, there are greater risks associated with negative life outcomes, physical difficulties, mental illness, and developmental issues. Keywords: abuse; child; factor; history; risk
Drug Eruptions and Hypersensitivity Syndromes

Drug eruptions and hypersensitivity reactions are commonly encountered diagnoses in inpatient pediatric dermatology and can range from simple cutaneous eruptions to severe, life-threatening systemic reactions. Although etiology varies by diagnosis, these reactions are most often triggered by medication exposure and/or infectious agents. In this chapter, we review the presentation, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of the most common and/or severe drug and hypersensitivity reactions with emphasis on features distinct in the pediatric population. Case discussions include acute urticaria, urticaria multiforme, erythema multiforme, Stevens–Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, morbilliform drug eruption, drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms, acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis, and erythema nodosum. Dermatologists, pediatricians, and inpatient pediatric providers should be familiar with the presentation and differential diagnoses of these conditions and their unique characteristics in children.
Social Justice: Reframing Social Justice for the Adult Learner

Difference is all around us. It is what we see when we look at someone that is different from ourselves. It is what we see when we look in the mirror. How do these differences shape how we view the world? Injustice and intolerance are both ubiquitous and all encompassing. Some say they do not see others as being different from themselves. As educators we must ask, what harm does not seeing differences pose in our society? We must understand dominant and target groups and help our adult learners into a self-awareness of behaving and thinking as socially just adults. This chapter will identify the tenets of social justice for the adult learner.
Category Specificity of Self-Reported Sexual Attraction and Viewing Times to Male and Female Models in a Large U.S. Sample: Sex, Sexual Orientation, and Demographic Effects

Recent research has documented large and robust sex differences in the category specificity of self-reported sexual attraction and viewing times to men and women, with men showing more polarized responses to the two sexes than women. However, this research has been limited by the use of small and restricted samples. To address this, the current study assessed a representative sample of more than 2800 U.S. adults on demographic and attitudinal variables and on two measures of category specificity: one based on self-reported sexual attraction and the other based on viewing times to male and female swimsuit models. Key findings were replicated. On average, men were considerably more category specific in self-reported sexual attraction and viewing times than women, and this was true for both heterosexual and homosexual participants. Self-identified bisexual and asexual participants tended to be lower on category specificity than other groups. Although demographic and attitudinal factors such as age, ethnicity, state and region of residence, social class, political liberalism-conservatism, and religiousness were sometimes weakly related to category specificity, sex differences in category specificity remained robust despite demographic and attitudinal variation.
Isoflurane and Sevoflurane Induce Severe Hepatic Insulin Resistance in a Canine Model.

Introduction Anesthesia induces insulin resistance, which may contribute to elevated blood glucose and adverse post-operative outcomes in critically ill patients, and impair glycemic control in surgical patients with diabetes. However, little is known about the mechanisms by which anesthesia impairs insulin sensitivity. Here we investigate the effects of anesthesia on insulin sensitivity in metabolic tissues. Methods Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps were performed in 32 lean (control diet; n = 16 conscious versus n = 16 anesthetized) and 24 fat-fed (6 weeks fat-feeding; n = 16 conscious versus n = 8 anesthetized) adult male mongrel dogs in conjunction with tracer methodology to differentiate hepatic versus peripheral insulin sensitivity. Propofol was administered as an intravenous bolus (3mg/kg) to initiate anesthesia, which was then maintained with inhaled sevoflurane or isoflurane (2–3%) for the duration of the procedure. Results Anesthesia reduced peripheral insulin sensitivity by approximately 50% in both lean and fat-fed animals as compared to conscious animals, and insulin action at the liver was almost completely suppressed during anesthesia such that hepatic insulin sensitivity was decreased by 75.5% and; 116.2% in lean and fat-fed groups, respectively. Conclusion Inhaled anesthesia induces severe hepatic insulin resistance in a canine model. Countermeasures that preserve hepatic insulin sensitivity may represent a therapeutic target that could improve surgical outcomes in both diabetic and healthy patients.
Drospirenone Litigation: Does the Punishment Fit the Crime?

Abstract There has been much controversy in the scientific literature and lay press about the potential for increased relative risks (RRs) of venous thromboembolism associated with certain contraceptives over others. This commentary reviews the conflicting data on drospirenone's relative venous and arterial risks and summarizes the details of over two billion dollars in litigation surrounding the use of these products. The current legal environment supports litigation focused on small potential RRs, associated with even smaller absolute risks. The absolute risks of venous and arterial thrombotic events in drospirenone users are low and comparable to that of other combined hormonal contraceptives. Women should have access to a wide array of contraceptive choices, including those containing drospirenone.
Trajectory encounter volume as a diagnostic of mixing potential in fluid flows

Abstract. Fluid parcels can exchange water properties when coming into contact with each other, leading to mixing. The trajectory encounter mass and a related simplified quantity, the encounter volume, are introduced as a measure of the mixing potential of a flow. The encounter volume quantifies the volume of fluid that passes close to a reference trajectory over a finite time interval. Regions characterized by a low encounter volume, such as the cores of coherent eddies, have a low mixing potential, whereas turbulent or chaotic regions characterized by a large encounter volume have a high mixing potential. The encounter volume diagnostic is used to characterize the mixing potential in three flows of increasing complexity: the Duffing oscillator, the Bickley jet and the altimetry-based velocity in the Gulf Stream extension region. An additional example is presented in which the encounter volume is combined with the u∗ approach of Pratt et al. (2016) to characterize the mixing potential for a specific tracer distribution in the Bickley jet flow. Analytical relationships are derived that connect the encounter volume to the shear and strain rates for linear shear and linear strain flows, respectively. It is shown that in both flows the encounter volume is proportional to time.
Temporal trends in minimally invasive myomectomy before and after the US Food and Drug Administration recommendation against electric morcellation

OBJECTIVE To investigate the temporal trends in minimally invasive myomectomy at one reproductive medicine center before and after the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommendation against electric morcellation. METHODS A retrospective chart review was undertaken of patients undergoing minimally invasive myomectomy between April 1, 2012, and April 30, 2016, at a center in New York. Temporal trends in laparoscopic myomectomy (LM), robot-assisted laparoscopic myomectomy (RAM), and laparoscopically assisted myomectomy (LAM), and intraoperative and postoperative outcomes before and after the April 2014 recommendation were compared. RESULTS Minimally invasive myomectomy was performed in 73 patients. No difference was noted in the rates of minimally invasive myomectomy 2 years before (35/74 [47.3%]) and after (38/79 [48.1%]) the FDA's recommendation. The ratio of abdominal to minimally invasive myomectomy remained relatively constant before (68/59=1.15) and during the study period (80/73=1.10). There was a significant decrease in LM and RAM and a corresponding rise in LAM immediately after the recommendation (P<0.001). CONCLUSION The rates of minimally invasive myomectomy before and after the FDA's recommendation did not differ, indicating that technical modifications to laparoscopic technique can allow surgeons to offer minimally invasive myomectomy to patients with symptomatic leiomyomas.
Genome-scale measurement of off-target activity using Cas9 toxicity in high-throughput screens

CRISPR-Cas9 screens are powerful tools for high-throughput interrogation of genome function, but can be confounded by nuclease-induced toxicity at both on- and off-target sites, likely due to DNA damage. Here, to test potential solutions to this issue, we design and analyse a CRISPR-Cas9 library with 10 variable-length guides per gene and thousands of negative controls targeting non-functional, non-genic regions (termed safe-targeting guides), in addition to non-targeting controls. We find this library has excellent performance in identifying genes affecting growth and sensitivity to the ricin toxin. The safe-targeting guides allow for proper control of toxicity from on-target DNA damage. Using this toxicity as a proxy to measure off-target cutting, we demonstrate with tens of thousands of guides both the nucleotide position-dependent sensitivity to single mismatches and the reduction of off-target cutting using truncated guides. Our results demonstrate a simple strategy for high-throughput evaluation of target specificity and nuclease toxicity in Cas9 screens.
THE PROBATIVE CAPACITY OF ACCOUNTS IN EARLY-MODERN SPAIN

This paper examines the probative capacity of accounting records as explicated in the accounting literature of early-modern Spain. Several early examples of Hispanic legal texts constitute the principal sources. The chief findings to emerge from this study are that legal requirements greatly influenced accounting forms and procedure during this period and that Castilian jurisprudence encompassed a theory and standards of evidence to guide the use of accounting records as evidential matter.
Effect of automated ultraviolet C-emitting device on decontamination of hospital rooms with and without real-time observation of terminal room disinfection.

Background We studied the effectiveness of an ultraviolet C (UV-C) emitter in clinical settings and compared it with observed terminal disinfection. Methods We cultured 22 hospital discharge rooms at a tertiary care academic medical center. Phase 1 (unobserved terminal disinfection) included cultures of 11 high-touch environmental surfaces (HTSs) after terminal room disinfection (AD) and after the use of a UV-C–emitting device (AUV). Phase 2 (observed terminal disinfection) included cultures before terminal room disinfection (BD), AD, and AUV. Zero-inflated Poisson regression compared mean colony forming units (CFU) between the groups. Two-sample proportion tests identified significance of the observed differences in proportions of thoroughly cleaned HTSs (CFU P value was determined using the Bonferroni corrected threshold of α = .05/12 = .004. Results We obtained 594 samples. Risk of overall contamination was 0.48 times lower in the AUV group than in the AD group ( P 10 reduction. During phase 1, overall proportion of HTSs with P = .001). During phase 2, it increased in AD versus BD by 0.45 ( P P = .02). Conclusions Use of UV-C with standard cleaning significantly reduced microbial burden and improved the thoroughness of terminal disinfection. We found no further benefit to UV-C use if standard terminal disinfection was observed.
Method for calculating Net Radiative Forcing from contrails from airline operations

Condensation trails are long, thin clouds that are generated under certain atmospheric conditions by jet engine aircraft and can persist for up to 5 hours. These clouds are highly transparent to shortwave radiation and marginally transparent to outgoing longwave radiation, the net effect is anthropogenic (i.e. human made) enhanced atmospheric greenhouse warming. This paper describes a comprehensive methodology for modeling the presence and duration of contrails, and the resulting net radiative forcing given a flight profile, atmospheric conditions, and fuel burn/ CO 2 emissions. The model is described and a case study of the combined effect of Radiative Forcing (RF) produced by CO 2 and the cirrus contrail. Results show the trade-off between RF induced by the CO 2 resulting from trajectory changes to reduce RF from contrails.
The Visible Human Project male CAD based computational phantom and its use in bioelectromagnetic simulations

Use of numerical simulation tools to provide qualitative estimates on electromagnetic safety, characterize antenna performance for WBAN applications and facilitate ground breaking research on diagnostic and therapeutic bioelectrical solutions has steadily grown over the past twenty years. However, the accuracy and applicability of such tools are directly proportional to the fidelity of the model used during the simulation. This paper describes the construction of a new CAD based male computational phantom, the Visible Human Project (VHP)-Male model, suitable for use in major commercial electromagnetics simulation packages.
Abiotic and biotic contributions to invasion resistance for ornamental fish in west-central Florida, USA

Explaining the varying success of invaders is a central question in invasion biology. Florida is a good region to test hypotheses related to invasion because of variation in invasion success where a few non-native fishes have established and spread and some have locally established, whereas many have failed to establish despite high propagule pressure. We sampled fish and habitat near ornamental fish aquaculture facilities, sources of propagules, to test hypotheses related to habitat suitability and biotic resistance, resistance either from strongly interacting species or due to diversity (diversity–invasibility). We found a dramatic decline in non-native richness and density with increasing distance from facility effluent (virtually absent > 1,000 m). Non-native and native species richness and density were positively correlated. Increased density and richness of non-natives was associated with higher temperatures and lower abundance of select native species, including predatory largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides, but little support was found for the influence of eastern mosquitofish Gambusia holbrooki. Overall, we found mixed support for the contribution of abiotic and biotic factors and no support for the diversity–invasibility hypothesis. Additional studies into species-specific traits and manipulative experiments will provide key data on the contribution of abiotic and biotic influences on invasion success.
Users' Interactions with the Excite Web Search Engine: A Query Reformulation and Relevance Feedback Analysis

We conducted a transaction log analysis of 51, 473 queries and 18,113 user sessions on Excite--a major Web search engine. The purpose of the study was to examine the use of query reformulation and relevance feedback by Excite users. There has been little research examining how reformulation and relevance feedback is used during Web searching. A total of 985 user search sessions. . .
A Scalable Decomposition Method for the Dynamic Defense of Cyber Networks

We investigate the problem of defending a cyber network against progressive attacks from an adversary. The defender is unable to perfectly observe attacks and the network’s security status and instead must use its imperfect observations to determine a defense strategy. The nature of the defender’s imperfect information is assumed to be non-probabilistic. Thus, the defender takes a conservative (minmax) approach to defending the network, attempting to construct a defense policy that minimizes the worst-case damage. Determining an optimal minmax defense strategy proves to be computationally intractable even for small-scale networks. To address this dimensionality issue, we propose a scalable decomposition method which involves the construction of multiple local defense problems, each equipped with a corresponding local defense policy. The local defense policies communicate information with one another with the goal of achieving network-wide security. The local defense problem’s construction is based on a decomposition of the network into clusters. For the decomposition, we use the notion of an influence graph to describe the dependencies among the security states of the network’s nodes. These dependencies, along with the available computational capability, are used to determine clusters of nodes, with each cluster corresponding to a local defense problem. After clusters are specified, we design the information structure of the network, that is, the information each local defense problem has over time to defend its own cluster; this information includes the data the local defense problem gathers from the environment along with the data communicated by other local defense policies. We illustrate the decomposition methodology with an example.
I-125, A New Radioisotope for the Labeled Hippuran Renogram

making radioisotope renograms. Its long half-life of 60 days is convenient, and it emits low-energy 27.2-35.4kev photons that are inherently directional because about half of them are absorbed by the all-or-none photoelectric process. They are readily absorbed by brass, steel, or thin lead foils. This makes it simple to shield against them and to achieve effective collimation of them by much lighter and less bulky apparatus than is required with I/sup 131/ The soft I/sup 125/ photons are absorbed efficiently in thincrystal scintillation detectors that have much lower background counting rates than those used previously for making renograms with hippuran-I/sup 131/. I/sup 125/ does not emit useless and undesirable BETA -particles; consequently, the photon merit ratio (usable photons/absorbed energy) is high. Radiation exposures to the patient are lowered when I/sup 125/ replaces I/sup 131/. Risk of decomposition due to selfirradiation of photon carrier compounds is decreased when I/sup 125/ is used to label them. (H.H.D.)
Induction of autophagy in rat hippocampus and cultured neurons by iron.

Autophagy occurs in the brain after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Iron is an important factor causing neuronal death and brain atrophy after ICH. In this study, we examined whether iron can induce autophagy in the hippocampus and in cultured neurons.
Products of inflammatory cells synergistically enhance superoxide production by phagocytic leukocytes.

Superoxide (O 2 − ) is a major component of the oxygen-dependent antimicrobial and cytocidal arsenal of neutrophils 1, 2. The oxidase system that generates this substance is dormant and disassembled in unstimulated cells and consists of both membrane-bound and soluble (“cytosolic factors”) components3, 4. The known membrane-components are a low-potential, heterodimeric b-cytochrome5, 6 and a ras-related GTP-binding protein7. The most thoroughly characterized cytosolic factors are proteins with molecular masses of 47 (p47) and 67kDa8–11. Upon stimulation of neutrophils, there is a translocation of the soluble components to the plasmalemma where the oxidase is assembled12, 13 (Figure 1). This assembly requires the presence of the b-cytochrome12, 14 and is associated with and/or organized by cytoskeletal proteins15. The intact system produces O 2 − according to the following stoichiometry: $${\rm{NAPDH + 2}}{{\rm{0}}_{\rm{2}}} \to {\rm{2}}{{\rm{0}}_{\rm{2}}}^{\rm{ - }}{\rm{ + NAD}}{{\rm{P}}^{\rm{ + }}}{\rm{ + 2}}{{\rm{H}}^{\rm{ + }}}{\rm{.}}$$
Ethical Predisposition of Certified Public Accountants: A Study of Gender Differences

Using a sample of 304 Certified Public Accountants (CPAs), this paper investigates gender differences in moral development and personal value preferences of CPAs. We used the Defining Issues Test (DIT) to measure moral development, the Rokeach Value Survey (RVS) (Rokeach, 1973) to determine value preferences, and the Musser and Orke (1992) typology to determine value type preferences. The typology analysis indicates that all CPAs in our sample prefer personal values to social values. From an overall ethical predisposition standpoint, males and females are more alike than different; yet, there were a few notable differences. Specifically, males prefer competence values and females have higher preference for moral values. For example, while male CPAs exhibit higher priorities for the competence values of imaginative and logical, female CPAs exhibit higher priority for the moral value of loving. We also find a gender effect for moral development, where female CPAs significantly outscore their male counterparts.
Evaluation of 11 cycles of reciprocal recurrent selection in BSSS and BSCB1 maize populations

Improvement of a germplasm base for use as a parental source for developing Inbred lines has been an Important part of most maize (2SA mays L.) breeding programs. Reciprocal recurrent selection Is a cyclical breeding procedure designed to Improve two broad-genetic base populations simultaneously. The objective of this study was to evaluate the direct and indirect response of 11 cycles of reciprocal recurrent selection in BSSS(R) and BSCBl(R) maize populations. The populations per se, populations per se selfed, interpopulation crosses, and interpopulation crosses selfed corresponding to CO, C4, C7, C8, C9, CIO, and Cll cycles of the populations were evaluated. Testcrosses of respective cycles of the populations per se with Inbred lines B73 and Hol7, and testcrosses of CO, C4, C7, C9, and Cll cycles of populations with BSSS(R)CO and BSCB1(R)C0 were included in the study. Response in grain yield of fiSSS(R)Cn x BSCBl(R)Cn population crosses was 6.95% (0.28 Mg ha' ) cycle' . Grain yield of the BSCBl(R)Cn Increased 1.94% (0.06 Mg ha' ) cycle" but grain yield of the BSSS(R)Cn did not change significantly. Midparent heterosis Increased from 25.44% for the CO X CO population cross to 76.04% for the Cll x Cll population cross. Inbreeding depression in the population crosses Increased from 1.01 Mg ha' to 2.32 Mg ha~ after 11 cycles of selection. It was concluded that heterozygous loci involving grain yield in the population crosses would have Increased with cycles of selection. Testcrosses of the populations to the CO populations and the Inbred lines showed linear increases in grain yield in most cases indicating
Collodion Remover Can Degrade Plastic-Containing Medical Devices Commonly Used in the Intensive Care Unit

Collodion remover, a solvent blend used to remove collodion glue after long-term video EEG monitoring, was implicated as a potential causative factor in patient safety events at our institution during which damage to plastic components of medical devices was noted in the intensive care unit. We sought to determine experimentally whether collodion remover could lead to degradation of multiple plastic-containing medical devices commonly used in the intensive care unit to determine whether workflow changes were needed during electrode removal. We exposed devices to collodion remover for brief, intermediate, and prolonged durations. We report that collodion remover is capable of degrading the hard plastic components of multiple medical devices after prolonged exposure; however, intermediate duration exposure was also capable of producing damage to clave connectors used with intravenous and central lines, which could plausibly lead to adverse events given the widespread use of these devices. These data suggest a pathway-based approach to collodion remover use might be beneficial in minimizing the potential impact of this solvent on plastic-containing medical devices.
Management of Relapsed/Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an uncontrolled clonal proliferation of undifferentiated myeloid stem cells leading to an accumulation of immature myeloblasts. For over the past three decades, the gold standard induction therapy in AML consisted of a cytarabine and anthracycline-based chemotherapy regimen (e.g., “7+3”). However, relapse and refractory (R/R) disease remains an issue despite this long-standing therapy, with a median overall survival of less than 6 months. Various factors have been associated with worsening outcomes including age greater than 65 years, unfavorable cytogenetics, and a first complete remission duration of less than 12 months. Treatment of R/R AML is associated with low remission rates after first salvage therapy, further declining with subsequent lines of therapy. The only curative salvage option for R/R patients is hematopoietic stem cell transplant, but due to high risk of mortality, many patients are not eligible for this approach. With scientific advancements seen in recent years, new treatment modalities have been developed. In this chapter, we will review the novel treatment options that have demonstrated promising results, including targeted therapies (e.g., Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3, isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2, BCL2 inhibitors), monoclonal antibodies (e.g., anti-CD33, anti-CD47, anti-CD123), and immunotherapies (e.g., PD-1, CTLA4).
Application of Sparse Representation to Bartlett Spectra for Improved Direction of Arrival Estimation.

A new technique for high-resolution direction of arrival estimation is presented. The method utilizes the traditional Bartlett spectra and sparse representation to locate emitters in single and multiple emitter scenarios. A method for selecting the sparse representation regularization parameter is also presented. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we show that the proposed approach achieves accurate direction of arrival (DOA) estimations that are unbiased and a variance that approaches the Cramer–Rao lower bound. We show that our method outperforms the popular MUSIC algorithm, and is slightly better than the sparse representation based L1-SVD algorithm when angular separation between emitters is small, signal SNR is low, and a small number of snapshots are used in DOA estimation.
Cloaking and Decoupling of Interleaved Microstrip Monopole Arrays at 28 GHz and 39 GHz Using Elliptical Metasurfaces for 5G Wireless Applications

Two tightly spaced, interleaved microstrip monopole antenna arrays operating at microwave frequencies are decoupled by employing mantle cloaking method. We use elliptical metasurfaces specifically tailored for the cross-coupled elements of the distinct arrays and show that by wrapping each antenna element with the metasurface cloak, the undesired cross-coupling between the elements at frequencies 28 GHz and 39 GHz is eliminated, restoring their radiation patterns as if the arrays were isolated from each other. In this paper, the cloaking and decoupling effect is scrutinized and evaluated to improve the functionality of the coupled arrays in terms of their radiation patterns and realized gain, when all the antenna elements are excited simultaneously. Consequently, the monopole antenna arrays, even though placed in close proximity, can radiate independently for a wide range of beam scanning angles.
Trauma in Pregnancy

Abstract Trauma is one of the leading causes of maternal mortality. Management of trauma in pregnancy requires a multidisciplinary team approach and good communication skills among team members. This chapter discusses the basic principles of trauma management in pregnancy and suggests management guidelines employed at our institution.
Music and Power at the Court of Louis XIII: Sounding the Liturgy in Early Modern France

What role did sacred music play in mediating Louis XIII's grip on power in the early seventeenth century? How can a study of music as 'sounding liturgy' contribute to the wider discourse on absolutism and 'the arts' in early modern France? Taking the scholarship of the so-called 'ceremonialists' as a point of departure, Peter Bennett engages with Weber's seminal formulation of power to consider the contexts in which liturgy, music and ceremonial legitimated the power of a king almost continuously engaged in religious conflict. Numerous musical settings show that David, the psalmist, musician, king and agent of the Holy Spirit, provided the most enduring model of kingship; but in the final decade of his life, as Louis dedicated the Kingdom to the Virgin Mary, the model of 'Christ the King' became even more potent – a model reflected in a flowering of musical publication and famous paintings by Vouet and Champaigne.
Efficacy and Safety of High-Power Short-Duration Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation.

Introduction: Whereas, high-power short-duration (HPSD) radiofrequency (RF) ablation is generally used in atrial fibrillation (AF) catheter ablation (CA), its efficacy, safety, and influence on autonomic function have not been well established in a large population. This study compared HPSD-AFCA and conventional power (ConvP)-AFCA in propensity score matched-population. Methods: In 3,045 consecutive patients who underwent AFCA, this study included 1,260 patients (73.9% male, 59 ± 10 years old, 58.2% paroxysmal type) after propensity score matching: 315 in 50~60W HPSD group vs. 945 in the ConvP group. This study investigated the procedural factors, complication rate, rhythm status, and 3-month heart rate variability (HRV) between the two groups and subgroups. Results: Procedure time was considerably short in the HPSD group (135 min in HPSD vs. 181 min in ConvP, p < 0.001) compared to ConvP group, but there was no significant difference in the complication rate (2.9% in HPSD vs. 3.7% in ConvP, p = 0.477) and the 3-month HRV between the two groups. At the one-year follow-up, there was no significant difference in rhythm outcomes between the two groups (Overall, Log-rank p = 0.885; anti-arrhythmic drug free, Log-rank p = 0.673). These efficacy and safety outcomes were consistently similar irrespective of the AF type or ablation lesion set. The Cox regression analysis showed that the left atrium volume index estimated by computed tomography (HR 1.01 [1.00–1.02]), p = 0.003) and extra-pulmonary vein triggers (HR 1.59 [1.03–2.44], p = 0.036) were independently associated with one-year clinical recurrence, whereas the HPSD ablation was not (HR 1.03 [0.73–1.44], p = 0.887). Conclusion: HPSD-AFCA notably reduced the procedure time with similar rhythm outcomes, complication rate, and influence on autonomic function as ConvP-AFCA, irrespective of the AF type or ablation lesion set.
Business, Integrity, and Peace: Beyond Geopolitical and Disciplinary Boundaries

List of tables Special acknowledgments Acknowledgment Notes on citation Part I. Peace through Commerce: 1. The times and seasons of corporate responsibility 2. Red (and not so red) in tooth and claw 3. Tales of the firm 4. Honest brokers Part II. Total Integrity Management: 5. Hard trust 6. Real trust 7. Good trust 8. Instruments of peace Index.
Burn Ear Reconstruction Using Porous Polyethylene Implants and Tissue Expansion

Reconstruction of the external ear after a burn is particularly challenging. The nature of the injury poses many problems including excessive scar tissue, poor blood supply, and the lack of adequate and appropriate materials for a framework. The use of costochondral grafts often leads to marginal outcomes which do not justify the morbidity. Children under the age of 10 years commonly have insufficient cartilage for a graft. Medpor (Stryker, Kalamazoo, MI) offers minimal morbidity and a very effective result. In this series, the authors describe the experience using Medpor and scalp tissue expansion to reconstruct severely burned ears. A total of 16 pediatric patients underwent 18 reconstructions, with two patients receiving bilateral procedures. All patients received Medpor implants. Thirteen patients were tissue expanded under the subgaleal plane before reconstruction, for concomitant scalp alopecia reconstruction. Eleven temporoparietal fascial flaps were performed. In the remaining patients, coverage of the implant was achieved by local advancement flaps. Only two patients had complications, with exposure of the construct after several years. In these two cases, the implants were removed. The experience has shown porous polyethylene reconstruction to be very efficient, with low morbidity and good cosmetic outcomes. Medpor is an excellent option for the reconstruction of both fully and partially burned ears as you may implant only the helical rim, base, or both pieces. The best results were achieved after tissue expansion and the use of the alopecic skin overlying a temporoparietal fascial flap. This has become the preferred method.
Count Response Regression Models

Abstract Count response regression models refer to regression models having a count as the response; e.g., hospital length of stay, number of bacterial pneumonia cases per zip code in Arizona from 2000 to 2005. Poisson regression is the basic model of this class. Having an assumption of the equality of the distributional mean and variance, Poisson models are inappropriate for many count-modeling situations. Overdispersion occurs when the variance exceeds the nominal mean. The negative binomial (NB2) is commonly employed to model overdispersed Poisson data, but NB models can themselves be overdispersed. A wide variety of alternative count models have been designed to accommodate overdispersion in both Poisson and NB models; e.g., zero-inflated, zero-truncated, hurdle, and sample selection models. Data can also be censored and truncated; specialized count models have been designed for these situations as well. In addition, the wide range of Poisson and NB panel and mixed models has been developed. In the chapter we provide an overview of the above varieties of count response models, and discuss available software that can be used for their estimation.