cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Contact Problems in Bending of Thermoelastic Plates

The theory of bending of plates with transverse shear deformation is very important in mechanical engineering because of its direct application to the study of deformable structures and because of its mathematical sophistication. The well-posedness of boundary value problems and of initial-boundary value problems with various types of boundary conditions for this model has been studied in detail in [ChCo00] and [ChCo05], respectively. Corresponding results for the same plate model where, additionally, there are significant thermal effects have been obtained in [ChEtAl04], [ChEtAl05a], [ChEtAl05b], [ChEtAl06],[ChCo07], [ChCo08a], [ChCo08b], [ChCo08c], [ChCo09a], and [ChCo09b]. Here we present the solution to the case of a piecewise homogeneous plate with transmission boundary conditions.
Primary Palate Trauma in Patients Presenting to US Emergency Departments, 2006-2010.

Importance The sequelae of palate trauma vary from minimal discomfort to major neurovascular injury. Infrequency of palate trauma and clinician unfamiliarity with the disease process may lead to variation in evaluation, treatment, and disposition in the emergency department (ED). Objectives To measure the incidence of primary palate trauma visits to US emergency departments with analysis of demographics, disposition, and repair and to determine frequency and factors associated with head and neck imaging. Design, Setting, and Participants A retrospective analysis using the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Nationwide Emergency Department Sample was performed of 22 094 patients presenting to US emergency departments from 2006 to 2010 with a primary diagnosis of palate trauma. Data analysis was conducted from March 29, 2016, to November 18, 2017. Main Outcomes and Measures National estimates of palate trauma were calculated from weights available within the database. Palate repair was identified byInternational Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modificationprocedure codes. Imaging was calculated from reliableCurrent Procedural Terminologycoding facilities identified using a previously published method. Logistic models were calculated to identify clinical associations for admission, imaging, and palate repair. Results A total of 22 094 patients (13 967 male and 8121 female patients, 6 missing data on sex; median age, 2.8 years [interquartile range, 1.1-6.1 years]) with primary palate trauma presented to US emergency departments during the study period. Total hospital visits decreased from 4715 (1.58 per 100 000 people) to 3915 (1.26 per 100 000 people) during the 5-year study period. A total of 19 819 patients (89.7%) had routine discharge from the hospital, while palate repair (965 [4.4%]) and mortality (34 [0.2%]) were rare. Complicated palate trauma (odds ratio [OR], 5.32; 95% CI, 3.10-9.15), male sex (OR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.11-2.21), codiagnosis status (OR, 2.75; 95% CI, 1.84-4.12), and residence in the Northeast vs South (OR, 2.73; 95% CI, 1.11-6.71) increased the likelihood of admission, which was infrequent (1027 patients [4.6%]). After restriction to reliableCurrent Procedural Terminologycoding facilities, head and neck imaging occurred in 823 of 6897 patients (11.9%). Factors associated with head and neck imaging included living in a medium vs large metropolitan area (OR 1.62; 95% CI, 1.04-2.55), while living in the Midwest vs South region (OR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.25-0.74) had a negative association with imaging. Conclusions and Relevance Although it is often suggested in the otolaryngology literature to perform imaging, primary palate trauma usually results in a routine discharge home without imaging or repair. Imaging frequency should be noted since palate trauma could have life-threatening neurovascular sequelae, which presents an opportunity to define and promote optimal management for potential neurologic sequelae in the patients who were not imaged.
Effects of HIV on Liver Cell Populations

Approximately one third of the body’s blood supply passes through the liver each minute [1], and the majority of the blood flow is derived from the portal circulation. As blood enters the liver, it is distributed through the hepatic sinusoids, which are lined by a uniquely fenestrated endothelium interspersed with resident hepatic macrophages, also known as Kupffer cells.
Tomographic Reconstruction of Internal Temperature

The development of a sensor to measure internal temperature distributions of hot bodies would significantly improve the productivity and quality of materials processing. The American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) and the National Bureau of Standards have initiated a joint research program to develop such a sensor for steels capable of generating internal temperature maps with ±10°C accuracy and 20 mm spatial resolution. Numerous applications exist for such a sensor during the processing of steel (and other metals); two of particular importance are in the control of continuous casting and slab reheating1.
Waiting for Reggie Jackson: The Geometric Distribution

Children’s cereals sometimes contain small prizes. For example, not too long ago, boxes of Kellogg’s Frosted Flakes contained one of three posters: Ken Griffey Jr., Nolan Ryan, or Reggie Jackson. Reggie wanted to get a Reggie Jackson poster and had to buy eight boxes until getting his poster. Reggie feels especially unlucky.
The impact of forest density on property values

We applied a simple hedonic price model to determine the benefits of fuel reduction treatments reflected in residential housing values in Flagstaff, Arizona, in hopes of finding a way to address increasing treatment costs. Results show that the fuel reduction treatments that convert high canopy closure would increase property values significantly ($190 per 1,000 m 2 per home). The treatments that lower forest density are not only one means to reduce wildfire hazard but also to enhance scenic beauty and improve residential property values.
Targeted Quantitation of Acetylated Lysine Peptides by Selected Reaction Monitoring Mass Spectrometry

Mass spectrometry (MS) allows for the large-scale identification of multiple peptide analytes in complex mixtures. However, the low abundance of acetylated peptides in the overall mixture requires an enrichment step. After enrichment, the resulting acetylated peptides of interest can be quantitated using selected reaction monitoring (SRM)-MS with stable isotope dilution. Here, we describe the enrichment of lysine acetylated peptides from typsin digested mouse liver mitochondria, and the targeted quantitation of a known lysine acetylation site in succinate dehydrogenase A using SRM-MS on a triple quadrupole instrument.
Essential, deadly, enigmatic: Polyamine metabolism and roles in fungal cells

Abstract Polyamines are essential metabolites found in all organisms. Intracellular polyamine levels are tightly maintained by biosynthesis, degradation, uptake and excretion processes that involve regulatory mechanisms – such as the antizyme inhibitory protein – that are conserved across the kingdoms of life, indicating that polyamine levels are critical to cell function. Nonetheless, the biochemical roles of polyamines and their involvement in numerous fundamental cellular processes including aging, cell cycle progression and growth only become apparent when polyamine homeostasis is perturbed. Thus, while polyamines are present in most cells and essential for cell growth, their biochemical functions are largely enigmatic. Studies in fungi have contributed to our basic understanding of polyamines, and might continue to bridge knowledge gaps regarding polyamine metabolism and cell function. Moreover, when considering the impact of fungi – directly or indirectly, for good or for ill – on human society, closing gaps in our understanding of polyamine functions in fungal physiology is an important goal in itself that might lead to the discovery of new targets for enhancing beneficial fungal interactions and diminishing those detrimental to crop and human health. To facilitate progress towards this prospect, here we appraise what is known about polyamine metabolism in fungi, how prevalent polyamines impact fungal physiology and metabolism, and how the levels of each polyamine are maintained in the fungal cell – thus pointing to how they might be perturbed.
Effect of Solder Sphere Alloys and Surface Finishes on the Reliability of Lead-Free Solder Joints in Accelerated Thermal Cycling

The electronics industry has been moving towards lead-free solders since 2006; Sn96.5 Ag3.0 Cu0.5 (SAC305) and Sn96.5 Ag1.0 Cu0.5 ( SAC105) have been the popular solder alloys in the industry. The reliability of such alloys is an issue for thermal applications in long-term use. In this paper, the effect of different combination of solder pastes, solder sphere alloys and surface finishes are studied. The test vehicle consists of 15mm and 6mm Ball Grid Array (BGA) components, 5mm Quad Flat No-lead (QFN) packages and 2512 Surface Mount Resistors (SMR). The test vehicles were assembled using different solder pastes onto a 6 layer printed circuit boards. The boards are isothermally aged boards at 125°C for 12 months are thermally cycled between −40°C to +125°C. Since there were not many failures for 6mm BGAs, QFNs and SMRs, only data regarding 15mm BGAs were used in the study. Two-parameter Weibull analysis is used to analyze the failure data and observe the life degradation of the solder joints based on different factors such as solder pastes, solder sphere alloys and surface finishes. It was observed that in most cases, the same surface finish and the same solder sphere alloy performed better than others.
Introduction to special issue of Self and Identity on identity fusion

In this introduction to the special issue on identity fusion, the co-editors begin with a brief history of the theory. They then discuss the unique properties of the theory and its relationship to ...
Ecological Study of Graduation Rates and GPA in a Library Credit Course

Abstract The purpose of this ecological study was to examine the impact of a library credit course on graduation rates and GPA using pre-existing records. Over 20 years of aggregate institutional data were analyzed to evaluate the course's impact on first-time-full-time, white, and black students. Results were mixed: students who took the course were less likely to graduate than their peers who did not take the course but enjoyed slightly higher GPAs at graduation. It was discovered that students taking the course are not representative of the overall student body and struggle academically. Implications for revisions to the library credit course are discussed.
Insights from Biology: Low Power Circuits in the Fruit Fly

Fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) are small insects, with correspondingly small power budgets. Despite this, they perform sophisticated neural computations in real time. Careful study of these insects is revealing how some of these circuits work. Insights from these systems might be helpful in designing other low power circuits.
Distal Ventriculoatrial Shunt Revision in Adult Myelomeningocele Patient Performed via Endovascular Transvenous Approach.

Background Myelomeningocele patients with shunt-dependent hydrocephalus often require multiple shunt revisions, eventually exhausting first-line distal diversion sites. Ventriculoatrial (VA) shunts are used less commonly than ventriculoperitoneal shunts, but knowledge of their use and complications is important to the neurosurgeon's armamentarium. VA shunts differ from ventriculoperitoneal and ventriculopleural shunts in that the ideal distal catheter target is an anatomically small area in comparison with the peritoneal and pleural cavities. Case Description Here we present a case of an adult myelomeningocele patient who experienced migration of a distal VA shunt catheter. A minimally invasive revision technique that does not require recannulation of the vessels or open manipulation of the shunt is presented. Conclusions This is the fourth reported instance of successful distal revision of a migrated VA shunt catheter via transfemoral endovascular snaring. Knowledge of the opportunities afforded by this technique and collaboration with thoracic surgery colleagues is of benefit to all neurosurgeons.
RRx-001 Acts as a Dual Small Molecule Checkpoint Inhibitor by Downregulating CD47 on Cancer Cells and SIRP-α on Monocytes/Macrophages

RRx-001 is a pleiotropic anticancer agent in phase III clinical trials, which polarizes tumor-associated macrophages from a low phagocytic M2 phenotype to a high phagocytic M1 phenotype. One of the ways in which tumors promote M2 polarization and evade macrophage-mediated destruction is through upregulation of CD47 expression. As a myeloid-specific immune checkpoint, CD47 interacts with signal-regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα) on macrophages and monocytes to prevent phagocytosis. Herein, the effect of RRx-001 on CD47 and SIRPα expression was evaluated as well as its activity in vivo in macrophage-depleted tumors. In vitro, RRx-001 was found to decrease the expression levels of CD47 and SIRPα on tumor cells and monocytes/macrophages, respectively, reducing the phagocytosis inhibitory function of the CD47/SIRPα interaction. In vivo, macrophage depletion by clodronate in an A549 xenograft-bearing mouse model attenuated the ability of RRx-001 to suppress tumor growth, which suggests that the presence of infiltrated macrophages in the tumor microenvironment is a sine qua non condition for the antitumor activity of RRx-001. Furthermore, these in vitro effects translate into significant antitumor activity in mouse models of lung cancer. Importantly, unlike anti-CD47 antibodies, RRx-001, which has been evaluated in close to 300 patients in 9 clinical trials, is not associated with any hematologic toxicities. On the basis of demonstrated antitumor activity and minimal toxicity in phase II clinical trials, RRx-001 has received clearance from the FDA and the EMA for phase III, multicenter studies in subjects with relapsed/refractory solid tumors.
Evaluating The Highly-Pipelined Intel Stratix 10 FPGA Architecture Using Open-Source Benchmarks

Intel Stratix 10 FPGAs offer a novel architectural feature called HyperFlex that enables an extreme degree of pipelining resulting in up to 1GHz clock frequencies. Prior work has evaluated HyperFlex on pre-production Stratix 10 FPGAs using internal designs not accessible to the general public. This paper presents an updated evaluation of HyperFlex on the latest publicly-available production Stratix 10 FPGA using open-source benchmarks. In particular, our evaluation started with seven RTL designs from existing open-source projects, carefully chosen to capture a variety of architectures (simple pipeline to pipeline with loop/M20Ks/DSPs) implementing well-known functions such as crypto, math, and image processing. An FPGA developer who was not an expert in HyperFlex then spent around 250 engineering hours to develop 24 optimized versions of these designs, following the Intel Stratix 10 FPGA HyperFlex optimization guide. Those optimized designs run at 400MHz to 850MHz. In this paper, we describe the optimizations, efforts, and results. Upon publication, those optimized designs will be open-sourced and published in GitHub.
Education, perceived discrimination and risk for depression in a southern black cohort

Objectives: Assess whether education moderates associations between discrimination and depression risk within a southern Black/African American cohort in a labor market shifting from manufacturing ...
Development and validation of a machine learning, smartphone-based tonometer

Background/Aims To compare intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements using a prototype smartphone tonometer with other tonometers used in clinical practice. Methods Patients from an academic glaucoma practice were recruited. The smartphone tonometer uses fixed force applanation and in conjunction with a machine-learning computer algorithm is able to calculate the IOP. IOP was also measured using Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT) in all subjects. A subset of patients were also measured using ICare, pneumotonometry (upright and supine positions) and Tono-Pen (upright and supine positions) and the results were compared. Results 92 eyes of 81 subjects were successfully measured. The mean difference (in mm Hg) for IOP measurements of the smartphone tonometer versus other devices was +0.24 mm Hg for GAT, −1.39 mm Hg for ICare, −3.71 mm Hg for pneumotonometry and −1.30 mm Hg for Tono-Pen. The 95% limits of agreement for the smartphone tonometer versus other devices was −4.35 to 4.83 mm Hg for GAT, −6.48 to 3.70 mm Hg for ICare, −7.66 to −0.15 mm Hg for pneumotonometry and −5.72 to 3.12 mm Hg for Tono-Pen. Overall, the smartphone tonometer results correlated best with GAT (R2=0.67, p Conclusions Preliminary IOP measurements using a prototype smartphone-based tonometer was grossly equivalent to the reference standard.
Bridging Borders in the Public Interest: La Peña Cultural Center’s Promotion of Intercultural Understanding and Social Justice

To illustrate the interdisciplinary breadth of public interest communications (PIC), this study explores the societal importance, engagement strategies, and public impact of La Pena Cultural Center in Berkeley, CA, an internationally known nonprofit organization founded in 1975. It responds to Downes’ (2017) advice on approaching PIC investigation and his call for “research readily informed by those ‘in the field,’” (p. 34), or those engaged in actual social/cultural changes resulting from PIC consciousness. Drawing from past scholarship on practices in community-based social justice organizations and public interest communications, interviews with La Pena’s leaders, the author’s own experiences as one of its founders, and source materials from its documentarian, this study encapsulates La Pena’s 44-year history of serving as a change agent through amplifying marginal voices.
Routine Continuous Electrocardiographic Monitoring Following Percutaneous Coronary Interventions.

Background: The clinical utility of routine electrocardiographic monitoring following percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) is not well studied. Methods: We prospectively evaluated the incidenc...
Mapping Functional Protein Neighborhoods in the Mouse Brain

New proteomics methods make it possible to determine protein interaction maps at the proteome scale without the need for genetically encoded tags, opening up new organisms and tissue types to investigation. Current molecular and computational methods are oriented towards protein complexes that are soluble, stable, and discrete. However, the mammalian brain, among the most complicated and most heavily studied tissue types, derives many of its unique functions from protein interactions that are neither discrete nor soluble. Proteomics investigations into the global protein interaction landscape of the brain have therefore leveraged non-proteomics datasets to supplement their experiments. Here, we develop a novel, integrative proteomics pipeline and apply it to infer a global map of functional protein neighborhoods in the mouse brain without the aid of external datasets. By leveraging synaptosome enrichment and interactomics methods that target both soluble and insoluble protein fractions, we resolved protein interactions for key neural pathways, including those from refractory subcellular fractions such as the membrane and cytoskeleton. In comparison to external datasets, our observed interactions perform similarly to hand-curated synaptic protein interactions while also suggesting thousands of novel connections. We additionally employed cleavable chemical cross-linkers to detect direct binding partners and provide structural context. Our combined map suggests new protein pathways and novel mechanisms for proteins that underlie neurological diseases, including autism and epilepsy. Our results show that proteomics methods alone are sufficient to determine global interaction maps for proteins that are of broad interest to neuroscience. We anticipate that our map will be used to prioritize new research avenues and will pave the way towards future proteomics techniques that resolve protein interactions at ever greater resolution.
NON-SYNAPTIC MECHANISMS | Non-Synaptic Mechanisms in Seizures: The Role of Ion Fluxes and Intrinsic Membrane Properties

Epileptic seizures are initiated and maintained by positive feedback excitation that can be mediated by reverberating excitatory synaptic pathways and also by nonsynaptic processes. Synaptic and nonsynaptic effects can act simultaneously or in succession. The nonsynaptic effects depend on interaction of ion fluxes with intrinsic membrane mechanisms. During intense neuron firing, the outflow of potassium raises interstitial potassium concentration, which tends to depolarize neuron membranes and keep open slowly inactivating membrane ion channels. Also during this period, interstitial calcium tends to be depleted, and this depletion enhances neuron excitability and activates calcium-sensitive nonspecific cation channels. Normally, neuron and astrocyte membrane ion transport keep interstitial ion concentrations within physiological bounds, but insults such as trauma or electric shock, as well as genetic defects and scar tissue, can disrupt regulation and cause an epileptic condition.
Legacy: by J. Kerr, Constable, London, UK, 2013, 224 pp., $10.19 (paperback, also available in eBook format), ISBN-10: 9781472103536.

James Kerr is a bestselling author, speaker and business consultant specializing in defining, designing and delivering change for leaders of world-class teams and organizations. His latest book, Le...
Alcohol Use Disorder and Cannabis Use Disorder Symptomatology in Adolescents and Aggression: Associations With Recruitment of Neural Regions Implicated in Retaliation

Abstract Background Alcohol and cannabis are commonly used by adolescents in the United States. Both alcohol use disorder (AUD) and cannabis use disorder (CUD) have been associated with an increased risk of aggression. One form of aggression seen during retaliation is reactive aggression to social provocation. This study investigated the association between AUD and CUD symptom severity and recruitment of neural regions implicated in retaliation. Methods In this study, 102 youths aged 13–18 years (67 male; 84 in residential care) completed self-report measures of aggression-related constructs and participated in a retaliation task during functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the association between relative severity of AUD/CUD and atypical recruitment of regions implicated in retaliation. Results AUD Identification Test scores were positively associated with irritability and reactive aggression scores. CUD Identification Test scores were positively associated with callous-unemotional traits and both proactive and reactive aggression scores. In functional magnetic resonance imaging analyses, only AUD Identification Test (not CUD Identification Test) scores were associated with an exaggerated recruitment of regions implicated in retaliation (dorsomedial frontal, anterior insula cortices, caudate, and, to a lesser extent, periaqueductal gray). Conclusions These data suggest that relative severity of AUD is associated with a disinhibited, exaggerated retaliation response that relates to an increased risk for reactive aggression. Similar findings were not related to severity of CUD.
Fundamental Limits of Controlled Stochastic Dynamical Systems: An Information-Theoretic Approach

In this paper, we examine the fundamental performance limitations in the control of stochastic dynamical systems; more specifically, we derive generic $\mathcal{L}_p$ bounds that hold for any causal (stabilizing) controllers and any stochastic disturbances, by an information-theoretic analysis. We first consider the scenario where the plant (i.e., the dynamical system to be controlled) is linear time-invariant, and it is seen in general that the lower bounds are characterized by the unstable poles (or nonminimum-phase zeros) of the plant as well as the conditional entropy of the disturbance. We then analyze the setting where the plant is assumed to be (strictly) causal, for which case the lower bounds are determined by the conditional entropy of the disturbance. We also discuss the special cases of $p = 2$ and $p = \infty$, which correspond to minimum-variance control and controlling the maximum deviations, respectively. In addition, we investigate the power-spectral characterization of the lower bounds as well as its relation to the Kolmogorov-Szego formula.
Predictors of Electronic Cigarette Use

Background: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), which deliver nicotine by vaporizing nicotine-containing fluid, is readable available in a variety of products (pipes, tanks, disposable, rechargeable) which resembles pens, USB sticks, and other recognizable commonplace items. Few studies have examined the prevalence of e-cigarettes use among smokers, former smokers, and those who have never smoked who have depression or anxiety. The main goal of the current study is to examine the relationship between smoking status, depression, and anxiety to e-cigarette use among adults. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of the Health Information National Trend Survey (HINTS), Cycle 2, 2018, served as the dataset. HINTS consisted of 3,504 respondents, age 18 years of age and older and lived in the United States during the period of January 26, 2018, to May 2, 2018. SPSSv24 was used for descriptive tests and PROCESS MACRO (Hayes 2018) performed a regression analysis. Results:Logistic regression showed that the model (smoking status, depression/anxiety) predicts e-cigarette use better than chance; F(6, 2980) = 120.1, P
Latent Fingermarks and DNA Recovery

Matching a questioned fingermark from a crime scene with a suspect is one of the ways of achieving human identifications. However, if a fingermark is partial, distorted, or blurry beyond recognition, this task becomes more challenging, and sometimes cannot be attained solely based on fingermark ridge patterns. As a result, an alternative human identification approach will be necessary. Latent fingermarks are one of the sources of what has been named “touch DNA”, DNA left as a result of touching objects. Thus, DNA recovered from a fingermark can be used as another source of identification to confirm the results of a fingermark comparison and vice versa. There have been several studies that have focused on “touch DNA”/fingermark DNA in recent years. Some of these experiments investigated the source of this DNA and the factors that could affect its recovery, such as shedder status, environmental conditions, and time since deposition. Other studies concentrated on improving the techniques of DNA recovery and amplification along with other works that analyzed the potential interference of fingermark enhancement methodologies on DNA retrieval. This chapter presents an overview of the state-of-the-art technologies on DNA recovery, amplification, and profiling from “touch DNA”/fingermark DNA.
Meibomian Gland Morphology Among Patients Presenting for Refractive Surgery Evaluation

Purpose To report the prevalence of meibomian gland atrophy and gland tortuosity in patients presenting for refractive surgery evaluation. Methods Cross-sectional study of consecutive patients presenting for refractive surgery evaluation at the Duke Eye Center from December 2018 through January 2020. All patients underwent clinical examination and meibography imaging (Lippiview II, Johnson and Johnson Vision, CA) of the lower eyelids bilaterally. Images were graded by a masked rater using a previously validated 5-point meiboscale (0-4) for gland atrophy and 3-point scale for gland tortuosity (0-2). Lipid layer thickness and partial blinks were also recorded. Results One hundred and twenty patients (49 male) aged 21 to 62 years (mean 35.2 ± 9.2 years) were reviewed. The mean meiboscale was 1.1 ± 1.0 and the mean tortuosity score was 1.0 ± 0.7. Among all patients, 72.5% (n = 87) had any evidence of meibomian gland atrophy (meiboscale >0) and 69.2% (n = 83) had any evidence of meibomian gland tortuosity (tortuosity grade ≥1). The majority of patients (n = 52) with gland atrophy had mild gland atrophy (meiboscale = 1). The mean meiboscale was 0.89 ±0.79 and 1.38 ±1.07 for those /= 35 years old, respectively (p = 0.01). There was a moderate positive relationship between meiboscale and tortuosity (Spearman's rho 0.3829, p <0.001). Conclusion Meibomian gland atrophy is a common occurrence in patients presenting for refractive surgery evaluation. Clinicians should consider incorporating meibography as part of refractive surgery evaluation, and proactively treat meibomian gland disease given the known association between meibomian gland dysfunction, dry eye disease, and the potential for suboptimal post-operative outcomes.
Towards a Physics of Neocortex

The cooperative efforts of physical and biological scientists over the past half century have resulted in a tentative, first order understanding of biological membranes and the behavior of single neurons. Nevertheless, recent work has further exposed the neuron as a highly complex system whose behavior is likely to be the subject of study for many years to come. In fact, the vast discrepancy between real neurons and the „neurons“ of neural network theory has prompted some researchers to label the latter „morons.“ However, even complete understanding of the operation of single neurons or simple neural systems is, by itself, unlikely to add much to our understanding of higher brain function. Partly for this reason, there is an active interest in the field of neural networks, or much more generally, brain dynamics.
Assessing Driving Performance with Moderate Visual Field Loss

The minimum binocular horizontal field extent for driver licensing varies widely between states in the USA. The authors examined the relationship between visual field extent and open-road driving performance using a scoring method that measured the quality of specific skills for a range of general driving maneuvers, as well as maneuvers that the authors expected to be difficult for people with restricted fields. Twenty-eight current drivers with mild to moderate peripheral visual field restrictions (123 + or - 20 degrees, V4e target) drove the 14-mile route. While most subjects were scored as safe drivers, those with more restricted horizontal and vertical binocular field extents showed significantly poorer skills in maneuvers for which a wide field of vision is likely to be important (p < or = 0.05): speed matching when changing lanes, and maintaining lane position and keeping to the path of the curve when driving around curves. Further studies using similar assessment methods with drivers with more restricted fields are necessary to determine the minimum field extent for safe driving.
On the Continuity of the Schmidt Number at the Interface Between the Laminar Sublayer and the Outer Turbulent Region

sonic line has been performed at the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn at Mach Number of 6.0. The detailed results of this investigation have been reported in references 1 and 2. In this note only, few of the more interesting points will be presented. We consider a two dimensional body having a circular nose, as shown in Fig. 1. The circular part of the nose is extended for an angle of 145°; therefore, at appropriate values of the angle of attack of the body, it is possible to perform tests where the elliptic region is limited to the circular part of the body and the sonic points are on the circular part, or, it is possible to move one sonic point outside of the circular region. In the second case, the flow at the nose is not symmetrical, and the stagnation point is not on the radial line parallel to the free-stream direction. The flow at the nose has an antisymmetrical part which is equivalent to the presence of circulation. Results of the measured pressure distribution for a = 0 corresponding to the first case, and a = 15°, 20°, and 30° corresponding to the second case, are shown in Figs. 2 and 3 and are compared with the modified Newtonian pressure distribution. The velocity gradient at the stagnation point for both cases is:
Effect of Mannitol on Experimental Infusion Edema

The effect of mannitol in reducing brain water has been under considerable scrutiny since the work of Takagi et al. (1983) who reported that mannitol reduced ICP but did not reduce tissue water measured gravimetrically. These results directly contradicted earlier findings by other workers. Further controversy arose with the reports by Muizelaar et al. (1983) which showed that the pressure reducing properties of mannitol act primarily through a vasoconstrictive effect and not by water reduction. This study was designed to document the acute and chronic effects of mannitol in reducing ICP, measuring tissue water by MRI and specific gravity methods.
Modelling the efficiency of a nanofluid direct absorption solar collector

Abstract In this paper we present an approximate analytical solution to the steady state, two-dimensional model for the efficiency of an inclined nanofluid-based direct absorption solar collector. The model consists of a system of two differential equations; a radiative transport equation describing the propagation of solar radiation through the nanofluid and an energy equation. The heat source term is obtained via the radiative flux integral, which is highly non-linear with respect to wavelength due to the spectral-dependent fluid and nanoparticle indices of refraction and absorption. To make analytical progress we introduce an approximate power-law function for the radiative flux. Applying the method of separation of variables, the resulting solution is used to investigate the efficiency of the collector subject to variation in model parameters. In addition our approach allows for the inclusion of wavelength-dependent absorption and scattering due to both the base fluid and nanoparticles and also an approximation for reflectance and absorptance due to the collector and its associated surfaces.
MOLECULAR DETERMINANTS OF POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE REGULATION BY LIGAND-REGULATED TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS

The cloning of the glucocorticoid and estrogen receptors (1–5) permitted identification of a super-family of ligand-regulated transcription factors (e.g., 6–12), including the c-erb A gene products, which bound thyroid hormone (9,11). Knowledge of the structure of these transcription factors has permitted initial exploration of the functional domains. In the case of the glucocorticoid receptor, the DNA binding domain has been identified and appears to be sufficient for stimulation of transcription (13–17). In this manuscript, we review data regarding the regulation of rat prolactin and growth hormone gene expression by the estrogen and thyroid hormone receptors, respectively. The cis-active elements and the molecular determinants of positive and negative regulation of the prolactin gene by estrogen are defined. The T3 regulatory element in the rat growth hormone gene is defined, using an avidin/biotin complex DNA (ABCD) binding assay, and demonstrated to bind the c-erb A gene product.
Landscape, tourism, and meaning

Contents: Preface Landscape, tourism, and meaning, Daniel C. Knudsen, Anne K. Soper and Michelle M. Metro-Roland Landscape perspective for tourism studies, Charles Greer, Shanon Donnelly and Jillian M. Rickly Identity and landscape: the reification of place in Strasbourg, France, Sean Huff Landscape change and regional identity in the Copper Canyon region, Yamir GonzA!lez-VA(c)lez Mauritian landscapes of culture, identity, and tourism, Anne K. Soper Slicing the dobish torte: the 3 layers of tourism in Munich, Richard Wolfel A nostalgia for terror, Michelle M. Metro-Roland The parallax of landscape: situating Celaque national park, Honduras, Benjamin F. Timms Insiders and outsiders in Thy, Daniel C. Knudsen Tourism as a reconnection to the Neolithic past: the Tamgaly rock paintings of Kazakhstan, Altynai Yespembetova, Jillian M. Rickly and Lisa C. Braverman Landscape, tourism and meaning: a conclusion, Daniel C. Knudsen, Michelle M. Metro-Roland and Anne K. Soper Bibliography Index.
Trapped in the Digital Divide: The Distributive Paradigm in Community Informatics

This paper argues that over-reliance on a distributive paradigm in community informatics practice has restricted the scope of the high tech equity agenda. Drawing on five years of participatory action research with low-income women in upstate New York, I explore the ways in which distributive understandings of technology and inequality obscure the day-to-day interactions these women have with ICT and overlook their justified critical ambivalence towards technology. Finally, I offer unique insights and powerful strategies of resistance suggested by my research collaborators in a drawing exercise intended to elicit alternative articulations of digital equity. If we begin from their points of view, the problems and solutions that can and should be entertained in our scholarship and practice look quite different.
MEDIUM CHAIN ACYL-CoA DEHYDROGENASE (MCD) DEFICIENCY

We have studied a 6 month old female who had two episodes of lethargy, hepatomegaly, metabolic acidosis, and hypoglycemia without ketosis. She had persistant hypocarnitinemia (avg free 3.6 μ M, ester. 4.7 μ M; nl free 48±8, ester. 6±3). Dicarboxylic aciduria (C6-10) was present during but not between episodes. Extracts of her cultured skin fibroblasts had deficient MCD activity: patient< 0.09 mU/mg; controls (n=9) 1.85-3.66. Activities of palmityl-, butyryl- and isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenases were normal. We compared her response to a 12 hour fast before and after 1 month of therapy with 100mg/kg/d L-carnitine (C). Fast hours sympt gluc HCO3 free C ester. C β - OHB AcAc Also, pre-C fasting induced marked C6-10 dicarboxylic aciduria accompanied by accumulation of C10-14 fatty acids in plasma. On C, urinary dicarboxylic acids peaked at <20% of pre-C levels with little or no accumulation of C10-14 fatty acids in plasma. We conclude 1) MCD deficiency is associated with episodic acidosis, dicarboxylic aciduria and C deficiency; 2) administration of C improved tolerance to fasting; 3) care should be taken to distinguish MCD deficiency from other causes of C deficiency.
AC polarography using an applied dc pulse program of the normal pulse polarographic type

Abstract AC polarographic data are presented in which the applied dc potential scan utilizes a pulse program of the normal pulse polarographic type. AC data were obtained using the FFT faradaic admittance measurement protocol. These data indicated that the FFT-FAM procedure is applicable when the relatively short, large-amplitude pulses characterizing the normal pulse polarographic waveform are invoked as the de scan. The results also support conjecture regarding appropriate theoretical rate laws for such measurements.
α-Latrotoxin Alters Spontaneous and Depolarization-Evoked Quantal Release from Rat Adrenal Chromaffin Cells: Evidence for Multiple Modes of Action

α-Latrotoxin (α-LT) potently enhances both “spontaneous” and “depolarization-evoked” quantal secretion from neurons. Here we have used the patch-clamped rat adrenal chromaffin cell to examine simultaneously the effects of α-LT on membrane current or voltage, cytosolic Ca, and membrane capacitance, the latter used as an assay for exocytosis. In chromaffin cells exposed to toxin concentrations of >100 pm, the development of large conductance, Ca-permeable ion channels, accompanied by a rise in cytosolic Ca to levels near 1 μm, precedes the initiation of spontaneous exocytosis. These channels appear to be induced de novo , because they occur concurrently with massive reduction or pharmacological block of voltage-dependent Na and Ca currents. However, enhancement of depolarization-evoked release, seen in many cells at <50 pm toxin, often occurs in the absence of a rise in background cytosolic Ca or de novo channel activity. These results favor Ca entry through toxin-induced channels underlying initiation of spontaneous release and direct modulation of the secretory machinery by the toxin-bound receptor contributing to enhancement of depolarization-evoked secretion as well as spontaneous release.
Hydrogen bonding: Part 29. Thermodynamics of dissociation and stoichiometric study of the lower hydrates of tetraethylammonium and tetrapropylammonium chlorides

Abstract Thermodynamic parameters for the dissociation of three tetraalkylammonium chloride hydrates have been determined by equilibrium vapor-pressure measurements. Hydrogen-bond energies are at least 8 kcal mol −1 per OH⋯Cl bond in tetraethylammonium chloride monohydrate. Hydrogen-bond energies average at least 6 kcal mol −1 in tetraethylammonium chloride tetrahydrate; however, as each H 2 O forms one OH⋯Cl and one OH⋯O hydrogen bond, some bonds will be stronger and some weaker than 6 kcal mol −1 . Hydration water in tetrapropylammonium chloride monohydrate is less tightly bound than in tetraethylammonium chloride monohydrate. These three hydrates are the only hydrates formed by the chloride salts of the two cations; the previously reported tetrapropylammonium chloride·2.5 H 2 O is a dispersion of H 2 O in solid monohydrate. Infrared spectra show that both monohydrates contain the same planar (Cl − ·H 2 O) 2 cluster of C 2h symmetry.
AT THE FORMAL LIMITS

Through a reading of C. L. R. James's Mariners, Renegades and Castaways (a reading of Melville's Moby Dick, which James wrote while imprisoned on Ellis Island in 1952 awaiting deportation hearings), this essay examines James's effort to rethink – through an anti-colonial and Marxist lens – the political limits of the novel form in general and the realist novel in particular as representational regimes. The essay begins by examining how James uses his own status as a political alien not merely to ‘reinterpret’ Moby Dick but more importantly to (re)tell what he claims was the novel's intended but ultimately ‘untold’ central story – i.e. that of the crew – a collectivity of stateless migrants and refugees labouring in the shadow of US Empire. That these stories remained untold, for James, was not merely a political choice but a formal one – that is, these experiences of migrant labour and collectivity haunt the ideological and representational limits of the realist novel. As such, I argue, ‘retelling’ these ...
Design of Game-Based Stealth Assessment and Learning Support

In this chapter, we describe the processes of designing and validating game-based learning assessment and/or support in two different games—Portal 2 (by Valve Corporation) and Earthquake Rebuild. The games represent cases of possible game-based learning (i.e., domain-generic and domain-specific) and provide good vehicles for testing the design decisions underlying stealth assessment and learning support. The chapter starts with a critical review of prior research on game-based assessment of competencies and learning support mechanisms in games, and then focuses on the particular design processes and findings from our two game cases. The review and findings suggested that process-oriented data mining and learning analytics methods help to capture the complex and open-ended learning trajectories in a game setting. They also illustrated how the evidence-centered assessment design and the learning context/task design should and can be interwoven in the early phase of game development. We conclude with a discussion relevant to developing and integrating the assessment and support of learning into other learning-game platforms.
Electron Capture Gas-Liquid Chromatographic Study of Metabolites Produced by Some Arthritic Transudate-Associated Organisms In Vitro and In Vivo in Rabbit Models

Computerized, frequency-pulsed, modulated electron capture gas-liquid chromatography was used to study the acid metabolites produced in vitro in fetal calf serum and in vivo in an animal chamber model. Several strains of Diplostreptococcus agalactiae, Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus serogroups A, B, and G were studied. All of these organisms have been reported to be associated with arthritic transudates in humans. Metabolites were detected by this method from derivatized extracts of both spent fetal calf serum and chamber fluids. Since there was little host response to the organisms cultured in the chambers, it is highly probable that the products detected represent metabolites produced in an in vivo type of environment. The metabolic patterns were reproducible and exhibited many similarities in vitro and in vivo. Production of the acids detected was reproducible, and these acids were useful identification markers. The data support published reports (J. B. Brooks, C. C. Alley, and J. A. Liddle, Anal. Chem. 46: 1930-1934, 1974; J. B. Brooks, G. Choudhary, R. B. Craven, D. Edman, C. C. Alley, and J. A. Liddle, J. Clin. Microbiol. 5:625-628, 1977; J. B. Brooks, R. B. Craven, A. R. Melton, and C. C. Alley, in H. H. Johnson and W. B. Newson, ed., Second International Symposium on Rapid Methods and Automation on Microbiology, 1976; J. B. Brooks, R. B. Craven, D. Schlossberg, C. C. Alley, and F. M. Pitts, J. Clin. Microbiol. 8:203-208, 1978; J. B. Brooks, D. S. Kellogg, C. C. Alley, H. B. Short, and H. H. Handsfield, J. Infect. Dis. 129:660-668, 1974) that bacterial metabolites might be detectable in diseased body fluids. The growth characteristics of the organisms in the animal model and fetal calf serum are discussed, and a moderately priced computer for performing data manipulations is evaluated.
Classifiers and Number Marking

What is the relationship between classifiers and number marking? Are they two different morphological realizations of the same semantic/syntactic position as suggested by Borer (2005) and Krifka (1995)? Are they in complementary distribution crosslinguistically as suggested by Chierchia (1998a)? Or is the relation between them much more complicated? In this paper, we discuss these types of issues with respect to Western Armenian. Contrary to Chierchia’s conjecture, Western Armenian is a language that has productive number marking and a classifier system. Although both types of marking appear within the same language, interestingly they cannot both appear within the same noun phrase. Borer (2005) takes this fact as supporting her hypothesis that number marking and classifiers compete for the same morpho-syntactic position. We explore an alternative explanation: one that focuses on the nature of plural denotations cross-linguistically. This alternative involves two hypotheses. (1) Classifiers are like measure nouns in English in that they require their complements to be interpreted as complete semi-lattices. (2) Unlike English plurals, Western Armenian plurals are not interpreted as complete semilattices. Putting these two conjectures together, one would not expect to find number marking on the nominal complements of classifiers. This possible alternative to Borer (2005) is supported by two additional pieces of evidence. First, unlike English plurals, Western Armenian plurals do not permit quantification over singulars in environments that license negative polarity items. For example, to a question such as Bezdig-ner uni-s? (“Do you have children?”), one would not answer yes if they only had one child. This fact contrasts with English where one would answer yes to a similar type of question. Second, unlike English plurals, Western Armenian bare plurals do not obligatorily scope under negation. For example, the sentence Bezdig-ner chi vaze-ts-in (“children didn’t run”) is ambiguous, meaning either there are some children who did not run (although others might have) or there are no children that ran. The equivalent sentence in English can only mean that there are no children that ran. These differences between English and Western Armenian suggest that number marking is not the same