cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Assessing Local Turbulence Strength from a Time Series

We study the possible link between “local turbulence strength” in a flow which is represented by a finite time series and a “chaotic invariant”, namely, the leading Lyaponuv exponent that characterizes this series. To validate a conjecture about this link, we analyze several time series of measurements taken by a plane flying at constant height in the upper troposphere. For each of these time series we estimate the leading Lyaponuv exponent which we then correlate with the structure constants for the temperature. In addition, we introduce a quantitative technique to educe the scale contents of the flow and a methodology to validate its spectrum.
Supporting personal collections across digital libraries in spatial hypertext

Creating, maintaining, or using a digital library requires the manipulation of digital documents. Information workspaces provide a visual representation allowing users to collect, organize, annotate, and author information. The visual knowledge builder (VKB) helps users access, collect, annotate, and combine materials from digital libraries and other sources into a personal information workspace. VKB has been enhanced to include direct search interfaces for NSDL and Google. Users create a visualization of search results while selecting and organizing materials for their current activity. Additionally, metadata applicators have been added to VKB. This interface allows the rapid addition of metadata to documents and aids the user in the extraction of existing metadata for application to other documents. A study was performed to compare the selection and organization of documents in VKB to the commonly used tools of a Web browser and a word processor. This study shows the value of visual workspaces for such effort but points to the need for subdocument level objects, ephemeral visualizations, and support for moving from visual representations to metadata.
Romantic Relationships and Health among African American Young Adults Linking Patterns of Relationship Quality over Time to Changes in Physical and Mental Health

With trends in delayed marriage, scholars have begun to explore how a wide range of romantic relationships contribute to health. Although a welcome shift, this largely cross-sectional work ignores potential (in)stability in relationship supports and stressors thought to affect health. Using Family and Community Health Study data on 634 African American young adults, we extend this work by demonstrating the value of a holistic, multidimensional assessment of relationship quality for understanding the link between relationships and health. In addition, however, we also show that there is substantial instability in both the presence and quality of romantic relationships during the transition to adulthood. Importantly, particular patterns of instability are uniquely associated with changes in mental and physical health. Given persistent racial inequalities across both relationships and health, such findings prove theoretically and practically important. In particular, they highlight the need for more contextualized, life course-sensitive approaches in future work.
Improved SAT-based Bounded Reachability Analysis

Symbolic simulation is widely used in logic verification. Previous approaches based on BDDs suffer from space outs, while SAT-based approaches have been found fairly robust. We propose a SAT-based symbolic simulation algorithm using a noncanonical two-input AND/INVERTER graph representation and on-the-fly reduction algorithm on such a graph representation. Unlike previous approaches where circuit is explicitly unrolled, we propagate the symbolic values represented using the simplified AND/INVERTER graph across the time frames. This simplification have significant impact on the performance of SAT-solver. Experimental results on large examples show the effectiveness of the proposed technique over previous approaches. Specifically we were able to find real bugs in pieces of the designs from IBM Gigahertz Processor Project which were previously remained undetected. Moreover, previous heuristics used in BDD-based symbolic simulation can still be applied to this algorithm.
Time Diversification: Perspectives from Option Pricing Theory

Despite repeated theoretical arguments to the contrary, many investment professionals subscribe to the principle of time diversification. This principle states that equity investments become less risky if held for longer periods of time. We apply option pricing theory to the question of how the investment horizon affects equity risk. Financially engineered securities that guarantee a minimum return allow for greater equity market participation if the investor commits to a longer time horizon. In other words, the fair cost of insuring a minimum return, in terms of foregone market participation, is lower for longer horizons. The lower cost of risk reduction suggests that risk itself is lower, consistent with the pervasive practitioner belief in time diversification.
Pope Alexander vi , Slavery and Voluntary Subjection: ‘Ineffabilis et Summi Patris’ in Context

‘Ineffabilis et summi patris’ (1 June 1497), a little-known letter from Alexander VI to Manuel i, king of Portugal (1495–1521), plays an important role in Joel Panzer's The popes and slavery (1996). For Panzer, ‘Ineffabilis’ clarifies the voluntary nature of submission by newly-encountered peoples to Iberian monarchs. A new and complete translation of ‘Ineffabilis’ shows that it is part of a legal tradition wherein voluntary subjection was one mode of enslavement. ‘Ineffabilis’ also reflects Manuel's broader attempt to gain an advantage over Spain in light of Vasco da Gama's impending voyage to India in July 1497.
Analysis of Retina and Erythrocyte Glycerophospholipid Alterations in a Rat Model of Type 1 Diabetes

An automated tandem mass spectrometry based analysis employing precursor ion and neutral loss scans in a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer has been employed to identify and quantify changes in the abundances of glycerophospholipids extracted from retina and erythrocytes in a rat streptozotocin model of type 1 diabetes, 6 weeks and 36 weeks following induction of diabetes, compared to age matched nondiabetic controls. The utility of an 'internal standard' method compared to an 'internal standard free' method for quantification of differences in the abundances of specific lipid ions was evaluated in both retina and erythrocyte lipid extracts. In retina, equivalent results were obtained by using the internal standard and 'internal standard free' methods for quantification. In erythrocytes, the two methods of analysis yielded significantly different results, suggesting that factors intrinsic to particular sample types may influence the outcome of label-free lipidome quantification approaches.Overall increases (~25% to ~35%) in the abundances of major retina glycerophospholipid classes were demonstrated in rats at 6 weeks of diabetes, relative to control animals. However, at 36 weeks of diabetes, subsequent overall decreases in retina glycerophosphocholine and glycerophosphoethanolamine abundances of 16% and 33%, respectively, were observed. Additionally, retina and erythrocyte glycerophosphocholine lipids at both 6 week and 36 weeks of diabetes exhibited increased incorporation of linoleic acid((18:2n6)) and a decrease in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA((22:6n3))) content. Finally, an approximately 5-fold increase in the abundances of specific glycated glycerophosphoethanolamine (Amadori-GPEtn) lipids were observed in the retina of 36 week diabetic rats, with a corresponding 1.6 fold increase of Amadori-GPEtn lipids in diabetic erythrocytes.
Pore Structure Damage in Blended Cements Caused by Mercury Intrusion

Hydrated blast furnace slag and fly-ash cement blends have been shown to be very impermeable. Porosity measurements of these materials by methanol and helium pycnometry have been less than the values obtained by Hg intrusion to 410 MPa. Results of the three techniques for hydrated portland cement were the same. A technique was used in which mercury could be removed by distillation after Hg intrusion, and intrusion was then repeated. This was performed on several cements and cement blends. Pore-size distribution for the hydrated cement changed marginally but both blended materials changed markedly, displaying a coarser pore distribution. It was concluded that the latter bodies are composed of relatively large, but discontinuous pores, into which Hg enters by breaking through the pore structure.
A faster deterministic algorithm for minimum spanning trees

A deterministic algorithm for computing a minimum spanning tree of a connected graph is presented. Its running time is O(m /spl alpha/ log /spl alpha/), where /spl alpha/=/spl alpha/(m,n) is a functional inverse of Ackermann's function and n (resp. m) is the number of vertices (resp. edges). This improves on the previous, ten-year old bound of (roughly) O(m log log* m).
We’re All Here for the Good of the Patient: A Dialogue on Power

Two nurse scholars, whose works have centered on power and related concepts, discuss the ideas that have shaped their concepts of power. In this conversation, they reflect on factors that constrain nurses and nursing in organizations, and consider some possibilities that could lead nurses to realize their full potential and influence in the healthcare system.
Replica management should be a game

We believe that large-scale replica management solutions should be based on an economic model. In this paper, we discuss the benefits provided by an economic approach and outline important directions for future research.
Lipogenesis by intact hepatocytes from normal and diabetic rats

Intact hepatocytes isolated from livers of diabetic rats demonstrate the characteristic decreased lipogenic capacities as compared to normal. Administration of insulin to diabetic rats restores these capacities to near normal levels. The results emphasize the potential that the hepatocyte system has for the study of hormonal regulation of lipogenesis.
Ship design evaluation subject to carbon emission policymaking using a Markov decision process framework

Abstract This paper outlines a novel ship design evaluation framework rooted in Markov decision analysis and derived metrics. The framework synthesizes concepts from dynamic network optimization, decision theory, and scenario analysis to holistically manage exogenous uncertainty and value ship system changeability. A Markov decision process is used to analyze development and operational paths over a ship׳s life cycle and to identify system characteristics consistent within high performing designs. Decision metrics then contextualize a fuller extent of design engineer and operator preferences toward tradeoffs between value creation and active ship management. The case study specifically examines future scenarios subject to carbon emission regulations and uncertainty surrounding enforcement of the Energy Efficient Design Index. Results inform decisions about when, where, and how to incorporate the changeability that maximizes expected life cycle rewards.
Abstract 453: Hydrogen Sulfide Increases Endothelial Permeability through Sulfane Sulfur Modification of Occludin

Objective: Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an endogenous signaling molecule which exists in three biological pools, namely free H2S, sulfane sulfur and acid labile sulfur. H2S also regulates protein function by protein sulfuration. Fine tuning endothelial permeability is crucial for vascular functions. Therefore, we sought to determine how sulfane sulfur and sulfuration of cell junction proteins alters endothelial permeability. Methods: Endothelial permeability was evaluated by albumin leakage or transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) in transwell inserts. Exogenous H2S was studied by treating human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with H2S donors including sodium sulfide (Na2S), diallyl trisulfide (DATS). To investigate the effect of endogenous H2S, endothelial cells were isolated from aorta (MAECs) of wild type and CSE knockout mice. Biological pools of H2S were measured using monobromobimane followed by detection of sulfide-dibimane with reverse phase HPLC. Protein sulfhydration is determined...
A comparison of pharmacy technician experience, degree and major as predictors of academic performance between two racial groups at a historically black university

Abstract Objective To compare the value of previous pharmacy technician experience, degree, and major as predictors of academic performance between African-American and non-African-American students at the University of Maryland Eastern Shore School of Pharmacy (UMES-SOP). Methods Statistical analyses were conducted on the retrospective data of 201 students at UMES-SOP. The didactic assessment and experiential scores were used as measures of academic performance. Results Significant positive correlations were observed between: (1) type of major and first year (P1) didactic performance for African-American students and (2) prior pharmacy technician experience and both P1 and second year (P2) didactic performance for non-African-American students. Further, the models for the combination of all independent variables on P1 didactic performance showed significance for African-American students. Conclusion The combination of prior pharmacy experience, degree, and type of major was a significant predictor of P1 didactic performance in African-American pharmacy students.
Utilizing Monte Carlo Simulations to Optimize Institutional Empiric Antipseudomonal Therapy

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common pathogen implicated in nosocomial infections with increasing resistance to a limited arsenal of antibiotics. Monte Carlo simulation provides antimicrobial stewardship teams with an additional tool to guide empiric therapy. We modeled empiric therapies with antipseudomonal β-lactam antibiotic regimens to determine which were most likely to achieve probability of target attainment (PTA) of ≥90%. Microbiological data for P. aeruginosa was reviewed for 2012. Antibiotics modeled for intermittent and prolonged infusion were aztreonam, cefepime, meropenem, and piperacillin/tazobactam. Using minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) from institution-specific isolates, and pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters from previously published studies, a 10,000-subject Monte Carlo simulation was performed for each regimen to determine PTA. MICs from 272 isolates were included in this analysis. No intermittent infusion regimens achieved PTA ≥90%. Prolonged infusions of cefepime 2000 mg Q8 h, meropenem 1000 mg Q8 h, and meropenem 2000 mg Q8 h demonstrated PTA of 93%, 92%, and 100%, respectively. Prolonged infusions of piperacillin/tazobactam 4.5 g Q6 h and aztreonam 2 g Q8 h failed to achieved PTA ≥90% but demonstrated PTA of 81% and 73%, respectively. Standard doses of β-lactam antibiotics as intermittent infusion did not achieve 90% PTA against P. aeruginosa isolated at our institution; however, some prolonged infusions were able to achieve these targets.
Hunting the Wild Geese: Competition Analysis in a World of 'Free'

Not far from DG Competition, in Brussels, there is the “Wild Geese”, a pub where football games (generally broadcast on pay TV) may be watched for free while sipping a beer or eating a sandwich (which, of course, are not free). In a more metaphoric sense, a business based on “free” products or services is a “wild” animal which has a disruptive effect on markets and business traditionally based on (and used to) fees and subscriptions. This article observes from a competition perspective the case of a number of “wild geese” active in today’s economy. The article consists of two parts: the first one focuses on market identification and definition, in cases where “free” is involved. In doing so, the article considers the Commission’s previous case practice and, in addition, takes into consideration elements which might be relevant to market definition (i.e. reverse cellophane fallacy, the demand-enhancing effect of “free” and the role of technology). The second part focuses on the possible conflict between businesses based on “free” and traditional “fee-based” businesses. In particular, it explores available theories of harm which could be raised in relation to “free” businesses. In doing so, the article reviews case decisions based on theories and disciplines which might provide the reader with new tools in the competition analysis of “free” (in particular, game theory and pre-emption in Alcoa, bundled rebates and tying in 3M/LePage and tying in Microsoft). The article concludes with the recently published Microsoft/Skype merger decision which appears to set a new trend for the analysis of “free.”
Connection between Hybrid Functionals and Importance of the Local Density Approximation

The exchange-correlation (XC) local density approximation (LDA) is the original density functional used to investigate the electronic structure of molecules and solids within the formulation of Kohn and Sham. The LDA is fundamental for the development of density-functional approximations. In this work we consider the generalized Kohn-Sham (GKS) theory of hybrid functionals. The GKS formalism is an extension of the Kohn-Sham theory for electronic ground states and leads to a vast set of alternative density functionals, which can be estimated by the LDA and related methods. Herein we study auxiliary electronic systems with parametrized interactions and derive (i) a set of exact equations relating the GKS XC energies in the parameter space and (ii) a formal relation between the parameters and the standard XC derivative discontinuity. In view of the new results and previously reported findings, we discuss why the inclusion of Fock exchange, and its long-range-corrected form (in the ground-state calculations and in linear-response Kohn-Sham equations), dominate over the generalized gradient corrections to enhance the quality of the fundamental gap and to enhance excitation-energy estimations. As an example, we show that the adiabatic CAM-LDA0 (a functional with 1/4 global and 1/2 long-range Hartree-Fock interaction, respectively, a range separation factor of 1/3, and pure LDA exchange and correlation) works for electronic excitations as well as the adiabatic CAM-B3LYP functional.
Fast Low-Spin Cobalt Complex Redox Shuttles for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

A low-spin cobalt(II) complex, cobalt bis(trithiacyclononane), [Co(ttcn)2](3+/2+), was investigated for use as a redox shuttle in dye-sensitized solar cells, DSSCs. This unique cobalt complex redox shuttle is stable, transparent, and easy to synthesize from commercial ligands and has attractive energetic and kinetic features for use in DSSCs. Initial results indicate that the overall performance is limited by recombination. Variation of the sensitizer and deposition of an ultrathin coating of alumina on nanoparticle-based TiO2 DSSC photoanodes reduced recombination, which resulted in significantly improved quantum yields. The photovoltaic behavior was compared to the current record efficiency cobalt tris-bipyridine, [Co(bpy)3](3+/2+), redox shuttle and produced similar results. Further use of high extinction organic sensitizers with only ∼200 mV of driving force for regeneration was examined, which produced efficiencies of over 2%; importantly, regeneration is not rate-limiting in this system, thus demonstrating the promise of using such fast redox shuttles.
Arterial Lesions Associated with Neurofibromatosis

The nature of the vascular lesions associated with neurofibromatosis is not clear. A histologic and ultrastructural study of a case of neurofibromatosis with renal lesions revealed no association of the abnormal vessels with neural malformation. The characteristic nodular aggregates of cells in the abnormal arterial wall were identified as smooth muscle. This and other changes described are suggestive of a primary mesodermal disorder. From the authors’ study of this and previously reported cases, descriptions of two basic types of vascular involvement in neurofibromatosis evolved.
Properties of Chlorine-Doped Zinc Selenide Grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy

ZnSe:Cl epilayers have been grown on (100) GaAs by MBE using a Zn to Se beam flux ratio of 2:1 and substrate temperatures as low as 225 °C. The ZnSe:Cl epilayers are highly conducting and exhibit bright blue-violet edge luminescence at 300 K. A mobility of 2480 cm 2 /V-s at 40 K was measured for an n-type ZnSe:CI film that was Cl-doped to ∼2.3×10 17 cm −3 and for which a compensation ratio (NA/ND) of ∼3% was calculated. Carrier concentrations as large as 6.7×10 18 cm −3 were obtained by increasing the temperature of the MBE oven containing the C1 dopant.
SCALABLE PARALLEL PREFIX SOLVERS FOR DISCRETE ORDINATES TRANSPORT

The well-known “sweep” algorithm for inverting the streaming-plus-collision term in first-order deterministic radiation transport calculations has some desirable numerical properties. However, it suffers from parallel scaling issues caused by a lack of concurrency. The maximum degree of concurrency, and thus the maximum parallelism, grows more slowly than the problem size for sweeps-based solvers. We investigate a new class of parallel algorithms that involves recasting the streaming-pluscollision problem in prefix form and solving via cyclic reduction. This method, although computationally more expensive at low levels of parallelism than the sweep algorithm, offers better theoretical scalability properties. Previous work has demonstrated this approach for onedimensional calculations; we show how to extend it to multidimensional calculations. Notably, for multiple dimensions it appears that this approach is limited to long-characteristics discretizations; other discretizations cannot be cast in prefix form. We implement two variants of the algorithm within the radlib/SCEPTRE transport code library at Sandia National Laboratories and show results on two different massively parallel systems. Both the “forward” and “symmetric” solvers behave similarly, scaling well to larger degrees of parallelism then sweeps-based solvers. We do observe some issues at the highest levels of parallelism (relative to the system size) and discuss possible causes. We conclude that this approach shows good potential for future parallel systems, but the parallel scalability will depend heavily on the architecture of the communication networks of these systems.
Morphometric tools for landmark data: Features of shape comparison

For a data base consisting of Cartesian coordinates of homologous landmarks upon forms not too dissimilar, there is at root only one statistical analysis of shape. The analysis resides in a space of 2 K – 4 dimensions, where K is the number of landmark points involved. For triangles, this space is two-dimensional, like the space in which the data were gathered. For any larger number of landmarks, the space of shape descriptors has higher dimensionality than the physical space of the data. Then diagrams of tensor analysis are necessary to reexpress these findings in terms of vectors distributed over the space in which the data were gathered: K – 2 2-vectors corresponding to the 2 K – 4 dimensions of shape. But that vector space must not be confused with the real space inside the organism whose growth or evolution led to the images we are comparing. What should be distributed over the organism are processes , not vectors. We began our intellectual journey in Chapter 2 by abstracting the richness of the notion of biological homology into the stark simplicity of a mathematical point-to-point mapping. This seemed like the most direct way of casting our biological understanding of form into a language susceptible to statistical analysis. From these mapping functions we could systematically select discrete samples, the landmark points. Multivariate statistical analysis could be wrestled into a form adequate to deal with these data in a manner drained of all dependence on such nonbiological matters as choice of triangles or of a coordinate system. We have not yet justified the severity of this abstraction. It can be defended only by appeal to findings it may expedite that answer to questions from the original context of comparative anatomical analysis.
‘I just don't think I look right in a lot of modern clothes … ’: historically inspired dress as leisure dress

This study examined the motivations and dress practices of individuals who wear what appear to be historical styles of costume or historically inspired dress in settings that do not require wearing them. Qualitative case studies were conducted and analysed using Colaizzi's method of phenomenological analysis [Edward, Karen-Leigh, and Tony Welch. 2011. “The Extension of Colaizzi's Method of Phenomenological Enquiry.” Contemporary Nurse 39 (2): 163–171]. By applying historically inspired dress to Eicher and Miller's [1994. “Dress and the Public, Private, and Secret self: Revisiting a Model.” In Proceedings of the International Textile and Apparel Association, Inc., 145. Minneapolis, MN.] Public, Private, and Secret Self (PPSS) Model, as presented by Miller-Spillman and Lee [2014. “Female Civil War Reenactors’ Dress and Magic Moments.” In Fashion, Design and Events, edited by Kim Williams, Jennifer Laing, and Warwick Frost, 69–83. Abingdon: Routledge], we found that motivations for wearing this type of dress...
Supply Chain Evolution for Sustainability-Focused Firms: Content Analysis towards Socially and Environmentally Friendliness

The objective of this research was to understand how the organizational structure of sustainability-focused companies changes over time as the companies become more environmentally, economically, and socially sustainable. We applied trend analysis to the sustainability Scores, and vertical integration level of the companies. Our sample consisted of ten sustainability-focused companies from the industrials industry. We used the content analysis of annual reports to calculate sustainability development scores and applied the Fan and Lang’s method to determine the vertical integration level of the companies. The study results demonstrated an increasing trend in both vertical integration and sustainability development of industrials industry companies over a 15-year of period. Furthermore, the companies became more vertically integrated as their environmental, economical, and social sustainability increased.
Congenital Amyelinating Neuropathy

A case of severe neurogenic arthrogryposis multiplex congenita caused by absence of peripheral nerve myelin in an infant who died at age 31 days of aspiration pneumonia is described from the Dept of Neurology, Neuromuscular Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
Electro-magnetic Templates with Magnetic Nanoparticles for Cell-based Assays

Abstract We discuss the possibility of a specially designed electro-magnetic template with magnetic nanoparticles for cell-based-assays. There is an urgent need for a special type of hardware allowing for biological cell manipulation. We have developed an original technique of using electro-magnetic templates with magnetic nanoparticles for biological cell manipulation. The essence of this approach is to generate a non-uniform magnetic field profile using a system of electric current carrying wires. The gradient of the magnetic field results in the movement of the nanoparticles towards the magnetic energy minima. In turn, the flow of magnetic nanoparticles drags biological cells in the same direction. We present experimental data on biological cells (erythrocytes) manipulations by magnetite (Fe3O4) on specially designed templates The results show controlled biological cell motion and destruction via haemolysis. This technique allows us to capture and to move cells located in the vicinity (10-20 microns) of the current-carrying wires. One of the most interesting results shows a periodic motion of erythrocytes between the two conducting contours, which frequency is controlled by the electric circuit. The obtained results demonstrate the feasibility of cell manipulation which can be utilized in cell-based assays.
Mapping the Prevalence of Physical Inactivity in U.S. States, 1984-2015.

Background Physical inactivity is a leading cause of morbidity, disability and premature mortality in the U.S. and worldwide. This study aimed to map the prevalence of physical inactivity across U.S. states over the past three decades, and estimate the over-time adjusted changes in the prevalence of physical inactivity in each state. Methods Individual-level data (N = 6,701,954) were taken from the 1984–2015 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), an annually repeated cross-sectional survey of state-representative adult population. Prevalence of self-reported leisure-time physical inactivity was estimated by state and survey year, accounting for the BRFSS sampling design. Logistic regressions were performed to estimate the changes in the prevalence of physical inactivity over the study period for each state, adjusting for individual characteristics including sex, age, race/ethnicity, education, marital status, and employment status. Results The prevalence of leisure-time physical inactivity varied substantially across states and survey years. In general, the adjusted prevalence of physical inactivity gradually declined over the past three decades in a majority of states. However, a substantial proportion of American adults remain physically inactive. Among the 50 states and District of Columbia, 45 had over a fifth of their adult population without any leisure-time physical activity, and 8 had over 30% without physical activity in 2015. Moreover, the adjusted prevalence of physical inactivity in several states (Arizona, North Carolina, North Dakota, Utah, West Virginia, and Wyoming) remained largely unchanged or even increased (Minnesota and Ohio) over the study period. Conclusions Although the prevalence of physical inactivity declined over the past three decades in a majority of states, the rates remain substantially high and vary considerably across states. Closely monitoring and tracking physical activity level using the state physical activity maps can help guide policy and program development to promote physical activity and reduce the burden of chronic disease.
The Ethical Morass of College Sports

I argue for two main points concerning French’s critical examination of the ethics of college sports. The first is that French’s analysis of Actually Existing Elite College Sports is a fair, comprehensive, and entirely persuasive critical takedown of how these sports are presently conducted and justified. The second is that his proposed remedy for what ails college sports today, which advocates paying student athletes what they are rightly owed for the significant revenue they bring in, misses the mark in one important respect. For it leaves unchallenged the damage done to universities and the games themselves by their present unprecedented commercialization. Any meaningful reform of contemporary colleges sports, I argue, must directly address and redress the ill effects of the intrusion of the market into their internal athletic affairs.
Using Facebook to supplement instruction in online and hybrid courses

With the growing pervasiveness of social media use among college students, instructors are considering how to incorporate social media elements into their courses. For online and hybrid courses where face-to-face interaction is limited or lacking, social media has the ability to develop virtual communities of practice and involve students with each other, with the content, and with their instructor in a digital space. This study investigated students' perceptions of using a closed Facebook group to supplement instruction in online and hybrid courses in the business and education disciplines. As a result of the cross-case analysis, a better understanding of how Facebook enhanced the students' course learning experience was gained and suggestions for future Facebook group pages were generated.
The potential of a microneedle patch for reducing obesity.

Obesity has been identified as a chronic disease by the American Medical Association since 2013. The worldwide prevalence of obesity is spreading rapidly during the past few decades, affecting bill...
Gait asymmetries in unilateral symptomatic hip osteoarthritis and their association with radiographic severity and pain.

Introduction:Little is known about the loading patterns in unilateral hip osteoarthritis (OA) and their relationship to radiographic severity and pain. We aimed to examine the loading patterns at t...
A Sustainability Assessment Framework for Dynamic Cloud-based Distributed Manufacturing

Abstract Recent advancements in information technology have enabled a paradigm shift in product manufacturing. Specifically, cloud-based distributed manufacturing has become a viable service for small and medium companies and prosumers, since it caters to the needs of these stakeholders. Distributed manufacturing offers significant benefits, including reduced cost, shorter lead time, and increased supply-chain flexibility. With interest in these services on the rise, however, there have not been substantial efforts to assess the sustainability performance of cloud-based distributed manufacturing. Sustainability assessment tools are not able to accommodate the unique attributes of cloud-based manufacturing, including broad geographic distribution, real-time autonomous customer support, and dynamic supply chains and processes driven by customer preferences. Thus, this research aims to develop an adaptive sustainability assessment framework for evaluating cloud-based distributed manufacturing systems using an integrated sustainability indicator for environmental, economic, and social impacts. The framework is demonstrated for distributed additive manufacturing as a service.
Financial relationships between neurologists and industry: The 2015 Open Payments database.

Objective To analyze research and nonresearch payments from the pharmaceutical and device industry to neurologists in 2015 using the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Open Payments database. Methods In this retrospective database analysis, we computed the percentage of neurologists in the United States receiving payments, the median/mean payments per neurologist, payment categories, regional trends, and sponsors. We computed the number of practicing neurologists from the Association of American Medical Colleges State Physician Workforce data book, 2015. Results In 2015, approximately 51% of US neurologists received nonresearch payments totaling $6,210,414. The median payment per physician was $81. Payments to the top 10% of compensated neurologists amounted to $5,278,852 (84.5%). Food and beverage was the most frequent category (86.5% of the total number of payments). The highest amount was paid for serving as faculty/speaker for noncontinuing medical education activities (58%). The top sponsor of nonresearch payments was Teva Pharmaceuticals ($1,162,900; 18.5%). A total of 412 neurologists received $2,921,611 in research payments (median $1,132). Multiple sclerosis specialists received the largest proportion ($285,537; 9.7%). Daiichi Sankyo paid the largest amount in research payments ($826,029; 28%). Conclusions The Open Payments program was established to foster transparent disclosure of physician compensation from industry, in response to legislative and public concerns over the effect of conflicts of interest on practice, education, and research. The effects of this program remain unclear and studies of changes in prescribing practices, costs, and other outcomes are necessary. CMS should ensure that incorrect information can be rectified quickly and easily.
A PRAGMATIC APPROACH TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF ADVANCED CONTROL TECHNOLOGY SOFTWARE

EXTENPED ABSTRACT Computer-aided design and analysis of complex control systems requires careful attention to the development and organization of high quality software. At present there does not exist a convenient, user-oriented, unified control analysis or design package capable of handling today's complex systems. Such systems range from simple single-input, single-output servomechanisms (such as instrument suspension, flotation, gimbal servo loops,) to multi-input, multi-output large scale systems (such as Space Shuttle, Minuteman, Trident, satellite systems, large space structures).
Venous thromboembolism events following spinal fractures: A single center experience

Abstract Objective :Venous thromboembolic events (VTE), including deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), are a major cause of readmission, morbidity, and mortality after spine surgery. Patients with spinal fractures are particularly at an increased risk for VTE. The objective of this study is to understand VTE risk factors in this patient population and to examine current institutional practices. Patients and Methods :We retrospectively examined records from 195 consecutive patients with spinal fractures who underwent spinal stabilization surgeries- amongst a cohort of 6869 patients who underwent spinal surgery. We collected data on patient demographics, surgery, hospital course, and 30-day rates of VTE, readmission, reoperation. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors of each outcome. Results :Among 195 patients undergoing surgery for spinal fractures, 9.2% experienced a VTE, compared to 2.3% among all other spine patients (OR 4.466, p Conclusions : Compared to all other patients undergoing spine surgery, patients with spinal fractures are more likely to receive chemoprophylactic anticoagulation, but nevertheless have a higher rate of VTE events. EBL and comorbid disease burden predict VTE events in patients with spine fractures.
PD-L1 expression and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in lung cancer brain metastases.

e24116Background: Despite advances in treating metastatic lung cancer, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown efficacy in only a subset of patients. PD-L1 expression is associated with resp...
A Narrative Expansion of Emotionally Focused Therapy With Intercultural Couples

Intercultural relationships continue to rise in the United States, while the fields of couple and family therapy research lag in their inclusion of diverse samples that best reflect these relations...
The Digital Divide and Veterans’ Health: Differences in Self-Reported Health by Internet Usage:

The digital divide's implications on health inequality among American Military veterans has been discussed extensively in research; however, it remains unclear what is the association between Inter...
Evidence for differential diel activity patterns in two co-occurring species of burying beetles (Coleoptera: Silphidae: Nicrophorinae)

Multiple mechanisms have been suggested to facilitate coexistence among species of burying beetles, including differential use of habitat and food resources. Nicrophorus marginatus and Nicrophorus guttula are similarly sized burying beetles that co-occur in many parts of their range. We used observations to quantify and compare their diel activity patterns and tested for possible niche partitioning between the species. We monitored activity of individuals of each species over four 24-h periods. Both species exhibit bimodal activity patterns with peaks of activity in the morning and evening. Nicrophorus guttula is active earlier in the morning and later in the evening than N. marginatus. This difference suggests possible temporal niche partitioning and may represent an important mechanism for the coexistence of these burying beetle species.
The Fourier spectrum of a singing wine glass

The phenomenon of the singing wineglass is familiar to many. Most people have run a finger along the rim of a wine glass with the right speed and pressure to get it to whistle a tone or perhaps heard a glass harmonica being played. However, have you ever noticed and wondered why the vibrations caused by a finger on a glass produce a pulsating sound, rather than a steady, constant-amplitude vibration? Further exploration reveals that the sound and pulsations of a wine glass vary depending on the way the wine glass is stimulated. In this paper, we investigate and model the characteristic sounds produced by three different cases: the pulsating sound exhibited by a finger run along the rim of a wine glass, the steady tone produced by a stationary finger on a rotating wine glass, and the decaying pulsations exhibited by a struck rotating wine glass. Analyzing the qualitative differences among these three cases provides opportunities for students to hone experimental, modeling, and data analysis skills in an intermediate level undergraduate experimental physics course.
Future Prospects for the Application of Synchrotron Techniques to Interfacial Electrochemistry

Results of this NATO Advanced Research Workshop (ARW) and future prospects for applying synchrotron-based techniques to problems in electrochemical science and technology are briefly summarized. There is general consensus in the workshop that there is great promise for the continued use of present techniques and the development of new ones. Examples of questions that may find answers, as well as potential research areas, are cited.
10-Year Experience with 1700 Single-Incision Laparoscopies.

Background Single-incision laparoscopy (SIL) was initially reported in the mid-1900's, but remained unpopular until the arrival of Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery. It was described not only for surgery involving the digestive system, but also for breast, thoracic, urologic, gynecologic and pediatric surgery. Various studies have proven its feasibility, safety and effectiveness. This report describes the 10-year experience with SIL of a single surgeon at a single institution. Patients and methods From May 2009 to May 2019, 1700 abdominal SILs were performed, including: cholecystectomy (475), inguinal hernia repair (319), incisional/ventral hernia repair (293), appendectomy (226), colorectal surgery (158), fundoplication/diaphragmatic hernia repair (72), gastric surgery (54), diagnostic laparoscopy (42), liver surgery (18), small bowel resection (15), splenectomy (12), adrenalectomy (6), gynecologic surgery (6), pancreatic surgery (2), and urologic surgery (2). Three types of incision/access-site were adopted. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were considered. The following outcomes were evaluated: laparoscopic operative time, operative bleeding, supplementary scars or trocars for improved exposure of the operative field and/or control of perioperative complications, final incision length, hospital stay, postoperative pain during hospitalization and after discharge, early and late access-site complications and other early and late general complications. Results While there were no conversions to open surgery or conventional laparoscopy, a supplementary millimetric instrument or a 5-mm trocar was needed in 27.8% and 0.5% of cases, respectively. No operative or postoperative mortalities were registered. The mean final incision length was between 13.1 and 21.0 mm at the umbilicus, between 43.3 and 57.2 mm suprapubically, and between 21.4 and 36.3 mm in another abdominal quadrant. Postoperative pain decreased from the first hours until the end of hospitalization. The percentage of patients who required an analgesic drug for more than 5 days after discharge ranged between 0 and 16.6%. The early access-site complication rate was 7.5%, and the access-site incisional hernia rate was 1.3%. The other early general complication rate was 10.7%, and reoperation was required in 1.4%. The other late general complication rate was 0.7%, and reoperation was required in 0.5%. Conclusion SIL is a laparoscopic technique that can safely be offered to patients presenting abdominal diseases. The main advantages include enhanced cosmetic results and reduced abdominal trauma. The main disadvantages are patient selection, a longer operative time for some procedures, and a need to expose the operative field for some other procedures.
Subglacial brine flow and wind-induced internal waves in Lake Bonney, Antarctica

Brine beneath Taylor Glacier has been proposed to enter the proglacial west lobe of Lake Bonney (WLB) as well as from Blood Falls, a surface discharge point at the Taylor Glacier terminus. The brine strongly influences the geochemistry of the water column of WLB. Year-round measurements from this study are the first to definitively identify brine intrusions from a subglacial entry point into WLB. Furthermore, we excluded input from Blood Falls by focusing on winter dynamics when the absence of an open water moat prevents surface brine entry. Due to the extremely high salinities below the chemocline in WLB, density stratification is dominated by salinity, and temperature can be used as a passive tracer. Cold brine intrusions enter WLB at the glacier face and intrude into the water column at the depth of neutral buoyancy, where they can be identified by anomalously cold temperatures at that depth. High-resolution measurements also reveal under-ice internal waves associated with katabatic wind events, a novel finding that challenges long-held assumptions about the stability of the WLB water column.
Research progress in heart failure of different gender

Heart failure (HF) is the end stage of various cardiovascular diseases which seriously endangers human health. Previous studies on HF tend to be carried out in the whole population. Given the difference in the physiological characteristics between female and male patients, more attention should be paid to the intensive studies among female patients with HF. This review summarizes the differences in the epidemiology, etiology, treatment and prognosis among women patients with HF. Key words: Heart failure; Female
Afatinib for the treatment of EGFR mutation-positive NSCLC: A review of clinical findings:

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors represent the standard of care in patients with EGFR mutation-positive (EGFRm+) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The availability of several EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors approved for use in the first-line or later settings in NSCLC warrants an in-depth understanding of the pharmacological properties of, and clinical data supporting, these agents. The second-generation, irreversible ErbB-family blocker, afatinib, has been extensively studied in the context of EGFRm+ NSCLC. Results from the LUX-Lung 3 and 6 studies showed that afatinib was more active and better tolerated than chemotherapy in patients with tumors harboring EGFR mutations. Subanalysis of these trials, along with real-world data, indicates that afatinib is active in patients with certain uncommon EGFR mutations (S768I/G719X/L861Q) as well as common mutations (Del19/L858R), and in patients with active brain metastases. In LUX-Lung 7, a head-to-head phase IIb trial, afatinib improved progression-free survival and time-to-treatment failure versus the first-generation reversible EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, gefitinib, albeit with a higher incidence of serious treatment-related adverse events. Nevertheless, afatinib is generally well tolerated, and adverse events are manageable through supportive care and a well-defined tolerability-guided dose adjustment scheme. In this review, we provide a detailed overview of the pharmacology, efficacy, and safety of afatinib, discuss treatment sequencing strategies following emergence of different resistance mechanisms, and shed light on the economic impact of afatinib. We also provide a comparison of afatinib with the available EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors and discuss its position within treatment strategies for patients with EGFRm+ NSCLC.
Turn-on Gate Resistor Optimization For Paralleled SiC MOSFETs

Parallel connection of MOSFETs is often used to increase the current handling capability of power modules. However, the difference of parasitic parameters and switching characteristics of the paralleled devices may lead to current unbalance and oscillation that limits the overall performance. This paper developed an analytical model for the transient current sharing and inherent oscillation for two paralleled SiC MOSFETs’ turn-on process. Based on the developed model, the influences of parasitic parameters are investigated. Optimized gate resistor selection to compensate circuit mismatches is discussed. Spice-based simulation and experiments are conducted to verify the analysis.