cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Greedy Algorithms for Structurally Constrained High Dimensional Problems

A hallmark of modern machine learning is its ability to deal with high dimensional problems by exploiting structural assumptions that limit the degrees of freedom in the underlying model. A deep understanding of the capabilities and limits of high dimensional learning methods under specific assumptions such as sparsity, group sparsity, and low rank has been attained. Efforts [1, 2] are now underway to distill this valuable experience by proposing general unified frameworks that can achieve the twin goals of summarizing previous analyses and enabling their application to notions of structure hitherto unexplored. Inspired by these developments, we propose and analyze a general computational scheme based on a greedy strategy to solve convex optimization problems that arise when dealing with structurally constrained high-dimensional problems. Our framework not only unifies existing greedy algorithms by recovering them as special cases but also yields novel ones. Finally, we extend our results to infinite dimensional settings by using interesting connections between smoothness of norms and behavior of martingales in Banach spaces.
Making Multicultural Education Effective for Everyone

The purpose of this article is to respond to and elaborate on Kiselica's article on preparing Anglo graduate students for the journey toward a multicultural perspective. This article affirms Kiselica's assertions for a balanced support-challenge model in multicultural training, for the usefulness of self-disclosure in these courses, and for articulation of the rewards of struggling to become a multiculturalist. The authors also suggest that the experiences and reactions of non-Anglo trainees in the process of developing positive multicultural attitudes must be included in the dialogue regarding the preparation of culturally competent psychologists. In addition, the authors suggest the importance of acknowledging developmental differences among trainees. Throughout this article, they provide their experiences as students who have and continue to struggle through the process of becoming multiculturally competent individuals and professionals.
Examination of New CERES Data for Evidence of Tropical Iris Feedback

Abstract New data products from the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) instrument on the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Satellite have been examined in the context of the recently proposed adaptive tropical infrared Iris hypothesis. The CERES Single Scanner Footprint data products combine radiative fluxes with cloud properties obtained from a co-orbiting imaging instrument. This enables the use of cloud property–based definitions of the various regions in the simple Iris climate model. Regardless of definition, the radiative properties are found to be different from those assigned in the original Iris hypothesis. As a result, the strength of the feedback effect is reduced by a factor of 10 or more. Contrary to the initial Iris hypothesis, most of the definitions tested in this paper result in a small positive feedback. Thus, the existence of an effective infrared iris to counter greenhouse warming is not supported by the CERES data.
News Coverage of Immigration: The Influence of Exposure to Linguistic Bias in the News on Consumer's Racial/Ethnic Cognitions

This two-study design applies assumptions rooted in frameworks of linguistic intergroup bias to the context of mass media content and effects. First, a content analysis of U.S. newspaper coverage of U.S.-Mexico immigration issues was conducted. The content analysis demonstrated a tendency to characterize undocumented immigrants in abstract and unfavorable language. The opposite was true of language associated with White immigration opponents. Next, an experiment indicated that exposure to abstract news articles resulted in more unfavorable attitudes about Latinos. However, exposure to concrete articles was associated with greater perceived severity of immigration. Both of these effects were moderated by in-group identification.
WTO Jurisprudence and its Critiques: The Appellate Body's Anti-Constitutional Resistance

In a time of financial crisis and rising demand for economic protectionism, the World Trade Organization, promoting free trade and economic growth, has never been more important. Enforcement of the WTO’s provisions has grown increasingly contentious and high-stakes, and the Appellate Body empowered to rule on violations of the treaty has received harsh criticism. Three elements of WTO jurisprudence, in particular, stand out. First, the court’s excessive use of narrow textualist argument tends to lead to short-sighted decisions that give little guidance to member states. Second, the court’s decisions have increasingly interfered with sensitive democratic processes in sovereign countries. Third, the opinions handed down by the court have led countries to adopt trade-restrictive, rather than trade-liberalizing, measures. These criticisms of WTO jurisprudence present serious challenges to the very raison d’etre of the WTO. This jurisprudence cannot be explained without reference to the AB’s history as an institution awkwardly positioned somewhere between the realm of diplomacy and law. This Article will argue that the WTO’s jurisprudence can be usefully understood as a kind of resistance to constitutionalization in international trade law. The narrow textualism of the AB was intended to reduce the amount of contestation and politics at the WTO, but, paradoxically, the AB’s resistance to constitutionalization has actually created the very controversy and division that it seeks to avoid.
Improving Open Access Policy for Scheduling Outpatient Appointments

We present empirical and analytical results of our research that focuses on improving the Open Access (same day appointment) models for scheduling patients in a family practice setup. We show the value of dynamically incorporating the effect of anticipated behavior of patients on the expected load of the clinic. We find that many policies outperform OAP but when delay costs are introduced OAP is still robust when there is enough capacity at the clinic. We show that when both the capacity of the clinic is less than the demand and when the delay costs are significant, a simple forward looking policy does better than other current policies.
Overwintering and spring emergence of three coccinellid species in the coastal plain of South Carolina

Overwintering sites and spring emergence periods of three commonly occurring coccinellids were studied from 1984 to 1989 in the upper coastal plain area of South Carolina. In addition, experiments were conducted to determine the influence of temperature and photoperiod upon the feeding activity of overwintering Hippodamia convergens (Guerin-Meneville) when removed from hibernation sites. Feeding activity began shortly after removal from hibernation, increased with increasing temperatures and continued during both the photoperiod and the scotoperiod. Broomsedge, Andropogon virginicum L., was found to be an important overwintering site for H. convergens. Coleomegilla maculata (De Geer) and Coccinella septempunctata L. often shared the same overwintering habitat. Spring emergence of all three species was found to be controlled by temperature and all species began emergence at ≈50DD accumulated degree-days, with the emergence period extending from about the first week of March to the middle of April. A tendency for directional flight upon emergence was shown by all three species, with significantly more H. convergens and C. septempunctata flying to the east and south sides of the emergence cages, which was with the prevailing winds during the emergence period.
An Application of Assimilated Dust Concentration Data and AMSU Satellite Radiance Data in GRAPES_SDM Model

Based on the GRAPES_SDM model and GRAPES_3DVAR data assimilation system,four experimental schemes are designed,they are CTRL experiment without data assimilation,noPM experiment that only assimilate sounding data,PM experiment that assimilate PM10 data and sounding data,NOAA experiment that assimilate sounding data and AMSU radiance data,then a large range sandstorm case from 28 April to 30 April in 2011 in northern China is analyzed.The model can reflect the development and evolvement of sand-dust weather system when only assimilating sounding data,but the simulation effect of sand-dust range and intensity have not obvious amelioration.The dust range and intensity can be simulated better by assimilating sounding and PM10 data.When assimilating AMSU radiance data,the model can assimilate the 500 hPa circulation pattern,200 hPa high-level jet and dust range well,but intensify the dust strength a bit too much.It not only shows that the assimilation of PM10 and ASMU radiance data can improve the simulation effect of sand-dust process,but also lay a certain foundation for sand-dust weather forecast using the two data.
Agile software development for Bluemix with IBM DevOps services

The pace is fast. New applications are popping up daily. If one wants to enter the market one needs to act quickly to implement the new idea. If one already has a presence in the market one needs to stay competitive and keep refining the application on an ongoing basis. The traditional development process was designed to support large releases offered months apart from one another. That is too slow for today's market. We cannot stay competitive if we deliver bug fixes and new cool features months from now. The fast pace applies also to the business growth. A number of small companies became disruptors in many areas of business. How did they do that one may ask. One of the factors enabling them to do that is developing new applications for cloud. The prevailing business model for cloud environments is based on the pay-as-you-go principle. There is no need to invest in own hardware and software infrastructure to host the applications. Everybody can now start small and add 'unlimited' resources as needed. This has its business merit but also provides a way to quickly adjust application capabilities to a rapid business growth.
Resonant Light Scattering by Phonons in Semiconductors

A few themes which are currently being investigated in resonant scattering are briefly reviewed: symmetry breaking; multiphonon scattering; optical dispersion-polariton effects; resonant scattering versus hot luminescence; high intensity effects.
Data-directed RNA secondary structure prediction using probabilistic modeling

Structure dictates the function of many RNAs, but secondary RNA structure analysis is either labor intensive and costly or relies on computational predictions that are often inaccurate. These limitations are alleviated by integration of structure probing data into prediction algorithms. However, existing algorithms are optimized for a specific type of probing data. Recently, new chemistries combined with advances in sequencing have facilitated structure probing at unprecedented scale and sensitivity. These novel technologies and anticipated wealth of data highlight a need for algorithms that readily accommodate more complex and diverse input sources. We implemented and investigated a recently outlined probabilistic framework for RNA secondary structure prediction and extended it to accommodate further refinement of structural information. This framework utilizes direct likelihood-based calculations of pseudo-energy terms per considered structural context and can readily accommodate diverse data types and complex data dependencies. We use real data in conjunction with simulations to evaluate performances of several implementations and to show that proper integration of structural contexts can lead to improvements. Our tests also reveal discrepancies between real data and simulations, which we show can be alleviated by refined modeling. We then propose statistical preprocessing approaches to standardize data interpretation and integration into such a generic framework. We further systematically quantify the information content of data subsets, demonstrating that high reactivities are major drivers of SHAPE-directed predictions and that better understanding of less informative reactivities is key to further improvements. Finally, we provide evidence for the adaptive capability of our framework using mock probe simulations.
Are all objects equal? Deep spatio-temporal importance prediction in driving videos

Understanding intent and relevance of surrounding agents from video is an essential task for many applications in robotics and computer vision. The modeling and evaluation of contextual, spatio-temporal situation awareness is particularly important in the domain of intelligent vehicles, where a robot is required to smoothly navigate in a complex environment while also interacting with humans. In this paper, we address these issues by studying the task of on-road object importance ranking from video. First, human-centric object importance annotations are employed in order to analyze the relevance of a variety of multi-modal cues for the importance prediction task. A deep convolutional neural network model is used for capturing video-based contextual spatial and temporal cues of scene type, driving task, and object properties related to intent. Second, the proposed importance annotations are used for producing novel analysis of error types in image-based object detectors. Specifically, we demonstrate how cost-sensitive training, informed by the object importance annotations, results in improved detection performance on objects of higher importance. This insight is essential for an application where navigation mistakes are safety-critical, and the quality of automation and human-robot interaction is key. HighlightsWe study a notion of object relevance, as measured in a spatio-temporal context of driving a vehicle.Various spatio-temporal object and scene cues are analyzed for the task of object importance classification.Human-centric metrics are employed for evaluating object detection and studying data bias.Importance-guided training of object detectors is proposed, showing significant improvement over an importance-agnostic baseline.
Modulating Paratropicity Strength in Diareno-Fused Antiaromatics

Understanding and controlling the electronic structure of molecules is crucial when designing and optimizing new organic semiconductor materials. We report the regioselective synthesis of eight π-expanded diarenoindacene analogues based on the indeno[1,2-b]fluorene framework along with the computational investigation of an array of diareno-fused antiaromatic compounds possessing s-indacene, pentalene, or cyclobutadiene cores. Analysis of the experimental and computationally derived optoelectronic properties uncovered a linear correlation between the bond order of the fused arene bond and the paratropicity strength of the antiaromatic unit. The Ered1 for the pentalene and indacene core molecules correlates well with their calculated NICSπZZ values. The findings of this study can be used to predict the properties of, and thus rationally design, new diareno-fused antiaromatic molecules for use as organic semiconductors.
A Justifiable Food-Energy-Legislative Triangle? 1,2.

A conceptual model of the food-energy-legislative triangle within the United States food industry is presented. The scope of the triangle is pictorially represented. Each apex of the triangle is defined and examples are given to illustrate the interrelationships among them. The triangle includes all nutritious and nonnutritious foods produced; all direct and indirect energy used to produce, process, distribute and consume foods and all food-related legislation. Recent examples were chosen to illustrate how changes in one apex of the triangle affect components of the other two apexes. An analogy was drawn between the Bermuda and food-energy-legislative triangles to illustrate that the level of apathy towards solving the Bermuda Triangle cannot be tolerated for the latter triangle. Recommendations are given for using sound resource management techniques to identify all interdependencies in the food-energy-legislative triangle and thus increase the effectiveness of national policies affecting the food industry.
Spatiotemporal Models of an Estuarine Fish Species to Identify Patterns and Factors Impacting Their Distribution and Abundance

Understanding the distribution and abundance of organisms can be exceedingly difficult for pelagic fish species that live in estuarine environments. This is particularly so for fish that cannot be readily marked and released or otherwise tracked, such as the diminutive delta smelt, Hypomesus transpacificus, endemic to the San Francisco Estuary. The environmental factors that influence their distribution operate at multiple scales, from daily tidal cycles and local perceptual fields to seasonal and annual changes in dominant environmental gradients spanning the entire San Francisco Estuary. To quantify scale-specific patterns and factors shaping the spatiotemporal abundance dynamics of adult delta smelt, we fit a suite of models to an extensive, spatially resolved, catch survey time series from 13 annual cohorts. The best model included cohort-specific abundance indicators and daily mortality rates, a regional spatial adjustment, and haul-specific environmental conditions. The regional adjustment identified several density hot spots that were persistent across cohorts. While this model did include local environmental conditions, the gain in explained variation was relatively slight compared to that explained by the regional adjustment. Total abundance estimates were derived by multiplying habitat volume by catch density (design-based) and modeled density (model-based), with both showing severe declines in the population over the time period studied. The design-based approaches had lower uncertainty but potentially higher bias. We discuss the implications of our results for advancing the science and improving management of delta smelt, and future data collection needs.
Regulation of Arabidopsis thaliana Physiological Responses Through Exogenous Electrical Field Exposures with Common Lab Equipment

Plants have many of the same electrochemical regulatory components as animals, such as sensory receptors, neurotransmitters, and voltage regulated ion channels. Prior studies have established that exogenous electrical fields could improve plant growth, agricultural yields, germination, secondary metabolite production, and disease resistance. Unfortunately, the potential benefits and mechanism of whole plant electrophysiology studies are difficult to organize into a cohesive model as they vary across organism, treatment type and method, or require elaborate/costly equipment. In many of these studies it is often difficult, if not impossible, to distinguish between electrical field-specific effects and the interference of unaddressed confounding variables such as changes in temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration, and pH. Plant electrophysiology is just beginning to be understood, and standardization and consistency are crucial if the systemic effects of this intriguing interdisciplinary phenomenon are to be grasped. Here we have developed a simple low-cost system from common lab supplies (largely electrophoresis equipment) which maintains temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen at relatively constant levels throughout the treatment time. The model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana, was evaluated in this system and the subsequent effects on germination, growth, photopigments, and protein content are presented here. Our findings support the model that plants possess a molecular/electrical memory/battery which integrates information to drive biological responses.
Special Topics Regarding the Design

This chapter addresses many practical issues that were skipped earlier. We discuss the choice of levels for quantitative factors and the choice of design size. Several specialized requirements influencing the choice of run order and treatment combinations are addressed briefly.
Expected performance of a compact, cw, high-average-power FIR free-electron laser

A continuous-wave free-electron laser (FEL), based on a 1.7 MeV electrostatic accelerator, is presently under construction at the University of Central Florida. Because of the high degree of expected electron beam recovery, the FEL is expected to operate in a single mode, with 30 percent wall-power efficiency and 1 kilowatt average output power in 200-800 micron spectral region.
Uranium migration in spark plasma sintered W/UO 2 CERMETS

Abstract W/UO2 CERMET samples were sintered in a Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) furnace at various temperature under vacuum and pressure. High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) was performed on the samples to determine interface structures and uranium diffusion from the UO2 particles into the tungsten matrix. Local Electrode Atom Probe (LEAP) was also performed to determine stoichiometry of the UO2 particles. It was seen that uranium diffused approximately 10–15 nm into the tungsten matrix. This is explained in terms of production of oxygen vacancies and Fick's law of diffusion.
Controlled Deformation — a Process to Increase Quality of Automated Adjustment and Straightening

Continuos monitoring of force and displacement during a deformation process enables the exact execution of a desired ductile deformation. Besides a short description of the process, conditions for its practical use and extra capabilities are mentioned. Problems of multidimensional straightening are discussed and two solutions are roughly described.
Gustatory and olfactory sensory transduction

Taste and olfaction share certain common features. Receptor cells for both senses are epithelial cells and part of a renewing population. Olfactory and taste sensory cells alike lie at the interface between two strikingly different environments – an external environment of volatile odors or water-borne tastants, respectively, versus a relatively constant milieu of interstitial fluid. Moreover, transduction mechanisms in both these chemical senses involve G-protein-coupled receptors, although transduction mechanisms in gustation also include ion channels that pass taste stimuli. Transduction channels and integral membrane receptors appear to be concentrated on the exposed apical tips of both types of chemosensory receptor cells, although the basolateral membranes of taste cells may be additional sites for chemosensory transduction. In some regards, sensory transduction in olfaction is similar to that in photoreception. Photoreceptors and olfactory receptor neurons possess cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels. There are key differences between olfaction and taste. Olfactory receptor neurons are optimized for low concentrations of chemical stimuli; gustatory sensory cells require much higher concentrations of stimuli to become activated. Current topics of intensive research in the peripheral transduction mechanisms for taste and olfaction include, among others, discovering structural details of, and ligand-binding pockets for, the receptor proteins, learning how an olfactory receptor neuron determines which one odorant receptor gene it will express from the several hundred in its genome, identifying transmitters and determining synaptic mechanisms that transmit signals between cells in the taste bud and understanding how the output signals from the peripheral sensory organs of olfaction and gustation are encoded as patterns of nerve impulses (the sensory code) that are transmitted to the brain and produce odor and taste perceptions.
The Role of Information in Disability Insurance Application: An Analysis of the Social Security Statement Phase-In

This paper exploits a natural experiment in information provision on US Disability Insurance (DI) applications: the Social Security statement. Although the effect of the statement on DI application was negligible in the general health and retirement study population, among those previously reporting a work limitation, biennial DI application rates approximately doubled. This effect was driven by previously uninformed individuals. Additional analyses show these were new applicants and were no less likely to be accepted onto DI, accounting for a substantial fraction of the rise in DI rolls from 1994 to 2004 and indicating the importance of informational frictions in disability policymaking.
Simultaneous Electrochemical Deposition of Cobalt Complex and Poly(pyrrole) Thin Films for Supercapacitor Electrodes.

Supercapacitors are beneficial as energy storage devices and can obtain high capacitance values greater than conventional capacitors and high power densities compared to batteries. However, in order to improve upon the overall cost, energy density, and charge-discharge rates, the electrode material of supercapacitors needs to be fine-tuned with an inexpensive, high conducting source. We prepared a Co(III) complex and polypyrrole (PPy) composite thin films (CoN4-PPy) that was electrochemically deposited on the surface of a glassy carbon working electrode. Cyclic voltammetry studies indicate the superior performance of CoN4-PPy in charge storage in acidic electrolyte compared to alkaline and organic solutions. The CoN4-PPy material generated the highest amount of specific capacitance (up to 721.9 F/g) followed by Co salt and PPy (Co-PPy) material and PPy alone. Cyclic performance studies showed the excellent electrochemical stability of the CoN4-PPy film in the acidic medium. Simply electrochemically depositing an inexpensive Co(III) complex with a high electrically conducting polymer of PPy delivered a superior electrode material for supercapacitor applications. Therefore, the results indicate that novel thin films derived from Co(III) metal complex and PPy can store a large amount of energy and maintain high stability over many cycles, revealing its excellent potential in supercapacitor devices.
Control-Oriented Modeling of Integrated Flash Boiling for Rapid Transient Heat Dissipation

Flash boiling is a heat transfer process with promise for rapid transient cooling for pulsed, episodic heat loads. While real-time control is needed to use flash boiling for thermal management, the...
Association between adopting emergency department crowding interventions and emergency departments' core performance measures.

Abstract Objectives To estimate the association between adopting emergency department (ED) crowding interventions and emergency departments' core performance measures. Methods We analyzed the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS) data from 2007 to 2015. The outcome variables are ED length of stay for discharged and admitted patients, boarding time, wait time and percentage of patients who left ED before being seen (LWBS). The independent variables are whether or not a hospital adopted each of the 20 crowding interventions. Controlling for patient-level, hospital level and temporal confounders we analyze and report results using multivariable logit model. Results Between 2007 and 2015, NHAMCS collected data for 269,721 ED visit encounters, representing a nationwide of about 1.18 billion separate ED visits. Of 20 crowding interventions we tested, using adopting bedside registration (OR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.75–0.98, P Conclusions Majority of interventions did not significantly associated with ED' core performance measures.
Arthroscopic Treatment Vs. Open Surgery in Intra-articular Fractures

Arthroscopic visualization of joint pathology dates back to 1912. Severin Nordentoft, M.D., presented the first experience with minimally invasive viewing into cadaveric joints. His venture was followed by contributions by Takagi, Bircher, Kreuscher, Burman, and Watanabe. Attempts at internal joint inspection began with the knee, followed by the shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, and ankle.
Spin Hall MTJ Devices for Advanced Neuromorphic Functions

We propose a new device based on standard spin Hall magnetic tunnel junction-based spintronic neurons, which allows them to compute multiple neural network functionalities simultaneously and in parallel, saving space and time. An approximation to the rectified linear unit transfer function and the local pooling function is computed simultaneously with the convolution operation itself. A proof-of-concept simulation thoroughly explores the behavior of the device, predicting that the operations can be performed with up to 99% precision at a cost of about 6 pJ per $3\times3$ pooling template. The simulations are remarkably robust to thermal noise, performing well even with very small magnetic layers.
Attitudinal and structural drivers of preferred versus actual residential landscapes in a desert city

Residential landscaping decisions can have important implications for water use and conservation in urban areas. Yard preferences are generally closely related to actual yard landscapes, but differences in the drivers of and constraints on preferences relative to actual landscaping have not been well explored. In this study, we conducted a resident survey to consider the relationship between preferred and actual yard grassiness in the desert city of Phoenix, AZ, where outdoor water use makes up over two-thirds of residential water consumption. Using a robust theoretical approach including both attitudinal and structural drivers, we examined the relative importance of various attitudes as well as social and parcel attributes as drivers of preferred and actual yard grassiness. We found that nearly half of surveyed residents had less grass than they would prefer, and that existing yard grassiness is best explained by structural characteristics out of the variables we considered. Yard preferences, however, were better explained by attitudinal and social characteristics. The mismatch between actual and preferred yard grassiness revealed a latent demand for grass in this arid city, which could lead to shifts in water-conserving landscaping if structural constraints on landscaping behavior change. Additionally, the relative importance of structural constraints in determining actual yard grassiness, and the differences in important predictors of yard preferences as opposed to actual yards, suggest that appeals to resident attitudes and values are unlikely to shift yard landscaping.
Estimates of Medication Diversion in Hospice.

This study uses a random survey of US hospice agencies to estimate rates of confirmed and suspected cases of medication diversion away from patients in hospice and association of diversion rates with agency characteristics and state opioid death rates.
Biochar acting as an electron acceptor reduces nitrate removal in woodchip denitrifying bioreactors

Abstract Woodchip denitrifying bioreactors mitigate nitrate loading from agricultural tile effluents. Biochar is considered as an amendment to woodchips. Research findings are contradictory regarding the effect of biochar on nitrate removal. The current study is aimed at investigating the effect of biochar on the removal of nitrate in denitrifying bioreactors. For this purpose, laboratory and field experiments were carried out. In the laboratory, cylindrical up-flow bioreactors were used that were filled with woodchips and oxidized biochar at rates of 0%, 12.5%, 25%, 50% by volume. The removal of nitrate was investigated at two stages: unaged and aged for 16 weeks. The bioreactors were operated at four hydraulic retention times of 2, 4, 8, and 24 h. Additionally, we measured the concentrations of greenhouse gases in the laboratory bioreactors. In the field, nitrate removal over a 6-year period was investigated in two denitrifying bioreactors, one of which amended with 10% fresh biochar. The laboratory experiments showed that, on average, oxidized biochar (OB) amendment reduced nitrate removal by 9% in unaged and 13% in aged bioreactors while the respiration was equal or greater. This led us to conclude that oxidized biochar acted as an electron acceptor. In addition, oxidized biochar increased greenhouse gas concentrations. In the field bioreactors, fresh biochar initially increased nitrate removal. However, biochar became less effective over six years. In the final year, the biochar-amended bioreactor removed less nitrate than the woodchip bioreactor, which was ascribed to the electron-accepting ability of biochar due to aging. In sum, our study showed that biochar's electron acceptability significantly reduced denitrification in denitrifying bioreactors.
Type, timing, and patient characteristics associated with immune-related adverse event development in patients with advanced solid tumors treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

e15160Background: Development (DV) of immune-related adverse events (IRAEs) to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) have been associated (asso/) with (w/) favorable treatment (tx) response, but hetero...
Odd Viscosity in Active Matter: Microscopic Origin and 3D Effects.

In common fluids, viscosity is associated with dissipation. However, when time-reversal symmetry is broken a new type of nondissipative ``viscosity'' emerges. Recent theories and experiments on classical 2D systems with active spinning particles have heightened interest in ``odd viscosity,'' but a microscopic theory for it in active materials is still absent. Here, we present such first-principles microscopic Hamiltonian theory, valid for both 2D and 3D, showing that odd viscosity is present in any system, even at zero temperature, with globally or locally aligned spinning components. Our work substantially extends the applicability of odd viscosity into 3D fluids, and specifically to internally driven active materials, such as living matter (e.g., actomyosin gels). We find intriguing 3D effects of odd viscosity such as propagation of anisotropic bulk shear waves and breakdown of Bernoulli's principle.
The Many Faces of Stress: Three Factors that Predict Physical Illness in Young Adults:

Three studies examined how various forms of stress uniquely contribute to physical illness. We compared negative affect and perceived stress in Study 1, neuroticism and perceived stress in Study 2,...
Acute Pulmonary Embolism in COVID-19: A Report of Two Cases

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is currently causing a global pandemic, is found to be associated with abnormal coagulation parameters and hyper-coagulable state with increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Here, we present two non-ICU cases of COVID-19, complicated with acute pulmonary embolism (PE). As of now, there are no proper guidelines established on anticoagulation in these patients. We discuss the pathophysiology and management strategy based on recently published studies on anticoagulation in COVID-19 patients.
The orbital mechanics of space elevator launch systems

Abstract The construction of a space elevator would be an inspiring feat of planetary engineering of immense cost and risk. But would the benefit outweigh the costs and risks? What, precisely, is the purpose for building such a structure? For example, what if the space elevator could provide propellant-free (free release) orbital transfer to every planet in the solar system and beyond on a daily basis? In our view, this benefit might outweigh the costs and risks. But can a space elevator provide such a service? In this manuscript, we examine 3 tiers of space elevator launch system design and provide a detailed mathematical analysis of the orbital mechanics of spacecraft utilizing such designs. We find the limiting factor in all designs is the problem of transition to the ecliptic plane. For Tiers 1 and 2, we find that free release transfers to all the outer planets is possible, achieving velocities far beyond the ability of current Earth-based rocket technology, but with significant gaps in coverage due to planetary alignment. For Tier 3 elevators, however, we find that fast free release transfers to all planets in the solar system are possible on a daily basis. Finally, we show that Tier 2 and 3 space elevators can potentially use counterweights to perform staged slingshot maneuvers, providing a velocity multiplier which could dramatically reduce transit times to outer planets and interstellar destinations.
Comparing prospective headache diary and retrospective four-week headache questionnaire over 20 weeks: Secondary data analysis from a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundHeadache diaries and recall questionnaires are frequently used to assess headache frequency and severity in clinical and research settings.MethodsUsing 20 weeks of data from an interventi...
Lipidomic Network of Mild Cognitive Impairment from the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging.

Background Lipid alterations contribute to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Lipidomics studies could help systematically characterize such alterations and identify potential biomarkers. Objective To identify lipids associated with mild cognitive impairment and amyloid-β deposition, and to examine lipid correlation patterns within phenotype groupsMethods:Eighty plasma lipids were measured using mass spectrometry for 1,255 non-demented participants enrolled in the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging. Individual lipids associated with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) were first identified. Correlation network analysis was then performed to identify lipid species with stable correlations across conditions. Finally, differential correlation network analysis was used to determine lipids with altered correlations between phenotype groups, specifically cognitively unimpaired versus MCI, and with elevated brain amyloid versus without. Results Seven lipids were associated with MCI after adjustment for age, sex, and APOE4. Lipid correlation network analysis revealed that lipids from a few species correlated well with each other, demonstrated by subnetworks of these lipids. 177 lipid pairs differently correlated between cognitively unimpaired and MCI patients, whereas 337 pairs of lipids exhibited altered correlation between patients with and without elevated brain amyloid. In particular, 51 lipid pairs showed correlation alterations by both cognitive status and brain amyloid. Interestingly, the lipids central to the network of these 51 lipid pairs were not significantly associated with either MCI or amyloid, suggesting network-based approaches could provide biological insights complementary to traditional association analyses. Conclusion Our attempt to characterize the alterations of lipids at network-level provides additional insights beyond individual lipids, as shown by differential correlations in our study.
Role of supply chain management In the era of globalization.

In this paper I proved through the data that role of supply chain management is very important and positive supply chain management have a positive impact on business operations.
Tracheobronchitis Due to Invasive Aspergillus fumigatus in a Male With HIV With Minimal Imaging Findings.

Aspergillus tracheobronchitis (AT) is a rare manifestation of invasive aspergillosis. We present a case of tracheobronchitis caused by Aspergillus fumigatus in a 33-year-old male with neutropenia and known human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). A 33-year-old male with HIV/AIDS presented to the hospital with symptoms of productive cough for over two months associated with subjective fevers, chills, and body aches. Computed tomography (CT) of the chest was significant for scattered sub-centimeter bilateral upper lobe nodules but otherwise normal. The patient underwent an extensive evaluation for his respiratory symptoms, including an initial sputum culture, which grew Haemophilus parainfluenzae in addition to preliminary fungal growth, prompting further evaluation with bronchoscopy. Bronchoscopy revealed diffuse adherent obstructive pseudomembranous plaques in the trachea and bilateral upper lobe segmental bronchi. Bronchoalveolar lavage cultures later grew Aspergillus fumigatus. Tracheobronchitis due to Aspergillus species is a rare cause of infection in patients with HIV. We believe that this case underscores the importance of further evaluation utilizing bronchoscopy in patients with AIDS who have respiratory symptoms despite mild abnormalities on chest CT. This approach can be used to rule out atypical endobronchial infections such as tracheobronchitis due to Aspergillus species.
Enhanced Sp1/YY1 Expression Directs CBS Transcription to Mediate VEGF-Stimulated Pregnancy-Dependent H2S Production in Human Uterine Artery Endothelial Cells.

Pregnancy and VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) stimulate uterine artery endothelial cell (UAEC) hydrogen sulfide production via selectively upregulating CBS (cystathionine β-synthase) but ...
The Future of Russian Science and Technology

IN ACCEPTING THE IN ITATION to write on the future of Russian science and technology, I have taken the liberty of assessing the future by focusing on what I have learned through personal study, but mostly through my interactions for about two decades with Soviet, and now Russian scientists. These long sustained contacts have occurred at International conferences in Europe and China as well as in the U.S. and Russia.
Electrochemical and Kinetic Studies of Li1.156Mn1.844O4

The electrochemical and kinetic properties of a lithium-rich spinel material, Li 1.156 Mn 1.844 O 4 , were investigated to illustrate the impact of the excessive lithium on the performance of spinel-based lithium-ion cells. It was found that the capacity retention of such mesocarbon microbead/spinel cells was significantly deteriorated when the upper cutoff voltage was raised from 4.1 to 4.3 V at 55°C. The significant difference on the capacity retention was attributed to the irreversible reaction at about 4.22 V, which was further related to the electrochemical reaction of lithium-rich spinel at high voltages. The low rate cycling of Li/spinel cells at different temperatures showed the evolution of at least three irreversible peaks above 4.2 V. Moreover, the Li/spinel cells showed continuous impedance growth after extraction of the excessive lithium. The kinetic study showed that the irreversible peaks shifted toward low potential as the temperature increased. It is predicted that the first irreversible peak shows up at about 4.25 V vs Li/Li + at 55 °C. It suggests that the upper cutoff voltage of such graphite/spinel cells should be limited to 4.1 V at 55 °C. The kinetic study also indicates that such graphite/spinel cells can be cycled up to 4.4 V at 25°C without triggering any detrimental impact.
Evaluating the effectiveness of a radiation safety training intervention for oncology nurses: a pretest – intervention – posttest study

Radiation, for either diagnosis or treatment, is used extensively in the field of oncology. An understanding of oncology radiation safety principles and how to apply them in practice is critical for nursing practice. Misconceptions about radiation are common, resulting in undue fears and concerns that may negatively impact patient care. Effectively educating nurses to help overcome these misconceptions is a challenge. Historically, radiation safety training programs for oncology nurses have been compliance-based and behavioral in philosophy. A new radiation safety training initiative was developed for Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) adapting elements of current adult education theories to address common misconceptions and to enhance knowledge. A research design for evaluating the revised training program was also developed to assess whether the revised training program resulted in a measurable and/or statistically significant change in the knowledge or attitudes of nurses toward working with radiation. An evaluation research design based on a conceptual framework for measuring knowledge and attitude was developed and implemented using a pretest-intervention-posttest approach for 15% of the study population of 750 inpatient registered oncology nurses. As a result of the intervention program, there was a significant difference in nurse's cognitive knowledge as measured with the test instrument from pretest (58.9%) to posttest (71.6%). The evaluation also demonstrated that while positive nursing attitudes increased, the increase was significant for only 5 out of 9 of the areas evaluated. The training intervention was effective for increasing cognitive knowledge, but was less effective at improving overall attitudes. This evaluation provided insights into the effectiveness of training interventions on the radiation safety knowledge and attitude of oncology nurses.
You Don't Say?

This paper defends a purely semantic notionof what is said against various recent objections. Theobjections each cite some sort of linguistic,psychological, or epistemological fact that issupposed to show that on any viable notion of what aspeaker says in uttering a sentence, there ispragmatic intrusion into what is said. Relying on amodified version of Grice's notion, on which what issaid must be a projection of the syntax of the utteredsentence, I argue that a purely semantic notion isneeded to account for the linguistically determinedinput to the hearer's inference to what, if anything,the speaker intends to be conveying in uttering thesentence.
Characterization of the gene for ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) 2, a developmentally regulated, selectively expressed member of the ARF family of approximately 20-kDa guanine nucleotide-binding proteins.

Abstract ADP-ribosylation factors (ARFs) are a family of approximately 20-kDa guanine nucleotide-binding proteins that stimulate the ADP-ribosyltransferase activities of cholera toxin in vitro and function in protein trafficking in vivo. The six cloned mammalian ARFs can be grouped into three classes based on size and sequence identity. ARF 2 is a class I ARF, whose approximately 2.6-kilobase mRNA exhibits species and tissue selective expression and is developmentally regulated in rat brain. Here we report the sequence, structure, and functional promoter region of the bovine ARF 2 gene, which was facilitated by constructing a composite cDNA. The ARF 2 cDNA, constructed from a partial cDNA clone and polymerase chain reaction-amplified fragments from reverse-transcribed poly(A)+ RNA, was approximately 2270 base pairs (bp) (minus the poly(A) tail). In the 3'-untranslated region, there are two potential polyadenylation signals, ATTAAA and AATAAA, at positions 1064 and 2232, respectively, and two ATTTA motifs, believed to signal mRNA degradation, at positions 2115 and 2165. The ARF 2 gene, represented in three overlapping genomic clones, spans approximately 20 kilobase pairs with five exons and four introns. Consensus sequences for guanine nucleotide-binding and GTP hydrolysis are in separate exons, except for the NKXD sequence, which is divided by intron 4. There are multiple transcriptional initiation sites. Transient transfection of embryonic trachea cells with deletion constructs defined the functional promoter region to be within 400 bp upstream of the most 5' site of transcription initiation. This 400-bp region lacks a TATA-like sequence but contains six inverted CCAAT boxes, four potential Sp1-binding sites, and a potential AP-2-binding site. Although the pattern of expression of ARF 2 is unique among the ARFs, the structures of the class I ARF genes are conserved among its members and across species.
The Epic Narrative of Intellectual Culture as a Framework for Curricular Coherence.

This paper describes a proposed middle school curriculum designed to coordinate the major subject areas around a single coherent story line, and to tell the epic tale of the development of formal intellectual culture from its distant origins to the present day. Ourstory explores the history of scientific culture from the perspective of foundational disciplines (history, philosophy, sociology, psychology, anthropology). It examines the growth of scientific culture against the backdrop of the world’s traditional cultures, and balances the role of the sciences against the role of the arts in their respective contributions to the life of the mind.