cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Network Simplex Algorithm for the Equal Flow Problem on a Generalized Network

A network simplex algorithm is described for the minimum-cost network flow problem on a generalized network, with the additional constraint that there exist sets of arcs that must carry equal amounts of flow. This problem can be modeled as a linear programming problem and solved using the standard simplex algorithm. However, because of the structure of the problem, more efficient algorithms are possible that solve the problem by operating directly on the network itself. One such algorithm is described that leads to improved asymptotic performance per iteration over the standard simplex algorithm, as long as the number of side constraints is small relative to the size of the network. Computational results are given comparing this algorithm to CPLEX's primal simplex solver on randomly generated graphs.
Calculation of the FH2(OH-)-center absorption bands in CsCl.

The ${\mathit{F}}_{\mathit{H}2}$(${\mathrm{OH}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$)-center electron-energy levels in CsCl are calculated with use of a pseudopotential formalism in which the model potential incorporates the point-ion potential, ion-size effects, and the interaction with both the ${\mathrm{OH}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ permanent and displacement dipole moments. Electronic polarization and a radial ${\mathit{A}}_{1\mathit{g}}$ distortion of the nearest-neighbor cations are treated as perturbations. The ${\mathit{F}}_{\mathit{H}2}$(${\mathrm{OH}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$)-center model is an F center between two NNN ${\mathrm{OH}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ ions along 〈001〉 with the permanent dipoles pointing toward the vacancy, and the configuration has ${\mathit{D}}_{4\mathit{h}}$ point-group symmetry. The ${\mathrm{OH}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ displacement from the lattice site along 〈001〉 is taken as a model parameter, and it is adjusted to obtain agreement with the absorption bands. The model yields an average ${\mathit{F}}_{\mathit{H}2}$(2)-band peak at 2.25 eV, compared with the observed value of 2.33 eV, and an ${\mathit{F}}_{\mathit{H}2}$(1)-band peak at 1.38 eV, compared with the observed value of 1.31 eV. The optimum ${\mathrm{OH}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ displacement is 0.43 \AA{} toward the vacancy accompanied by an 8% outward ${\mathit{A}}_{1\mathit{g}}$ radial displacement of the NN ${\mathrm{Cs}}^{+}$ ions. The caluclated ${\mathit{A}}_{1\mathit{g}}$ localized-mode frequency is 2.42\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{12}$ Hz. The calculated ratio of the band oscillator strengths is 4.2, which is in good agreement with the experimental value of 3.2.
Giant cell tumor of the pancreas of mixed osteoclastic and pleomorphic cell type: evidence for a histogenetic relationship and mesenchymal differentiation.

Abstract We describe a giant cell tumor of the pancreas composed of a mixture of osteoclastic and pleomorphic cell types. This rare tumor had a unique immunohistochemical profile. Both types of tumor giant cells stained for vimentin, α-1-antitrypsin, α-1-antichymotrypsin, synaptophysin, muscle actin, and neuron-specific enolase, but not for epithelial markers. Electron microscopy showed cells which resembled primitive fibroblasts and osteoclasts with no epithelial features. These findings are most consistent with mesenchymal differentiation. The extensive homologies in immunohistochemical staining of both osteoclastic and pleomorphic giant cells in this case indicates that these cells are histogenetically related.
Isolated adrenal cortex cells: [Trp(Dnps)9]ACTH5–24, an inhibitor of ACTH1–24-induced cyclic AMP and corticosterone production

Abstract The derivative [Trp(Dnps) 9 ]ACTH 5–24 3 was prepared by reaction of ACTH 5–24 with dinitrophenylsulfenyl chloride and separated from the unreacted ACTH 5–24 by ascending paper chromatography (solvent system, BAWP). Purified [Trp(Dnps) 9 ]ACTH 5–24 acting in combination with ACTH 1–24 in suspensions of isolated adrenal cortex cells inhibits cyclic AMP production and corticosterone production induced by ACTH 1–24 .
Theories of the distribution of deposit from sputtered disk and rectangular electrodes

Theoretical expressions for the distribution of deposits sputtered from disk-shaped and rectangular electrodes are derived for cases of 1) uniform emission obeying the cosine emission law, 2) distorted "under cosine" and "over cosine" emission, 3) additional emission confined to the peripheries of the electrodes and obeying the cosine emission law, and 4) distorted "inward" emission from the peripheries.
Negotiating Competing Goals in the Development of an Urban Ecology Practitioner Inquiry Community.

Teacher learning communities are hailed by many as vehicles for reforming and elevating the professional status of teaching. While much research explores teacher community as a venue for measurable gains, our research examines the orientation of practitioner inquiry toward critical debate about effective instruction. Specifically, our study focuses on a group of middle and high school teachers who worked with a nonprofit organization to engage students in urban environmental field investigations. Teachers met regularly as a community with the common goal of teaching urban ecology in an outdoor setting. We collected interview data from members of the teacher community, and we observed teacher interaction during a meeting of the practitioner inquiry group. Interview results indicated that while the nonprofit aimed to support collaborative dialogue and self-critique, participants saw the community mainly as a venue for pursuing short-term goals, such as receiving new resources or socializing with colleagues. Observation data, however, suggested that the community was taking early steps toward building an environment oriented toward critical discussion. Juxtaposing results from our interviews and observations, we discuss the challenges communities face when they seek to develop shared beliefs and deal openly with conflict. Ultimately, we suggest that organizers of collaborative learning environments should work to actively develop structures for building the organizational trust necessary to support civil critique.
Global Problems from Exposure to Asbestos

Considerable human-derived data the health consequences of asbestos exposure are available. Usually, less information is available from laboratory models of asbestos-related health effects. Animal data mirror the experience in man, and cellular studies help in to understand the mechanistic changes related to asbestos. Although it is clearly carcinogenic, asbestos has shown much variability when examined for its mutagenic activity. Asbestos, a commercial term referring to a family of six naturally occurring mineral fibers, has been widely used around the world. Disease has been recognized into the last century, and at this time every occupational group that has been examined for possible asbestos-related disease has demonstrated it. Disease associated with asbestos makes no distinction based on race or geography, and wherever asbestos is handled it produces disease. With shifting global commercial patterns, disease patterns can be expected to shift also.
Transfer RNA content of rat liver polysomes and microsomes and their capacity to associate with 3H-tRNA invitro

Summary The tRNA content of polysomes and microsomes was determined by polyacrylamide electrophoresis. Clean specimens of both preparations contained 1.2 to 1.5 tRNA molecules per ribosome. A comparison of the capacity of polysomes and microsomes to react with 3 H-tRNA in vitro indicated that ribosomes in both preparations contain two sites for tRNA attachment.
An evaluation of the incorporation of a semantic network into a multidimensional retrieval engine

This paper describes a new method for incorporating a hierarchical category dimension into an Information Retrieval framework. The approach is to use the synonym sets and the hyponym ("is-a") relations defined within Wordnet in order to derive a conceptual hierarchical category dimension. The hierarchical nature of a category dimension not only provides an overview of a set of documents but also facilitates the effectiveness and the efficiency of searching documents. An evaluation is performed on two different types of models and the multidimensional approach shows a significant reduction in the number of page accesses over a large document collection.
Power beaming with FEL lasers

FEL power beaming has broad application to space operations. The Rocketdyne Division of Rockwell International Corporation has examined the commercial applications of beamed power from Earth to space using the Radio Frequency LINAC Free Electron Laser (RF FEL) and has determined that there is a substantial addressable market. Rocketdyne's experience in developing and demonstrating FEL technologies, optics and atmospheric compensation and advanced power and power distribution systems ideally positions the Division to conduct the initial demonstration to prove the feasibility of using a FEL to beam power to space platforms.
Endovascular Treatment of a Traumatic Pseudo Aneurysm of the Middle Meningeal Artery

We describe a case of traumatic pseudoaneurysm of middle meningeal artery in a patient after a head trauma. The aneurysm was associated with epidural hemorrhage and was treated successfully with coil embolization.
Pentoxifylline Attenuates Oxygen-Induced Lung Injury

Patients requiring mechanical ventilation can develop severe pulmonary injury. Although pentoxifylline (PTX) is known to attenuate endotoxin and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced lung injury, as well as decrease interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels following hemorrhage and resuscitation, it remains unknown if this agent has any beneficial effects against O2-induced lung injury. The aim of this study, therefore, was to determine if PTX attenuates pulmonary oxygen toxicity. To investigate this, male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected subcutaneously with 1 ml saline or 1 ml PTX (50 mg/kg) and immediately exposed to either 21% O2 or ⩾95% O2 for 52 hr. The animals were then reweighed and euthanized. Pleural fluid was collected, blood samples were obtained, and lung lavage was performed. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, protein content, and IL-6 concentrations were determined in the lavage fluid and serum. The supernatant LDH activity, protein content, pleural fluid accumulation, and IL-6 concentration were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in those animals pretreated with PTX prior to exposure to hyperoxia compared to those animals exposed to hyperoxia and not treated. Furthermore, the hematocrit and serum IL-6 concentration were also decreased in the treated group and not significantly different from the controls. Thus, PTX appears to attenuate O2-induced lung injury and may play a role in protecting those patients at risk for developing pulmonary oxygen toxicity.
A Structured Domain is Responsible for Bundle Selection of Myosin X

Cells organize their contents and regulate cell shape and mechanics through molecular motors functioning on cytoskeletal filaments. Presented with many apparently similar tracks within the cortex, how myosins identify the few actin filaments that lead to their correct cellular destinations is largely unknown. Myosin X, an actin-based motor that concentrates at the distal tips of filopodia, selects the fascin-actin bundle at the filopodial core for motility. While poorly processive on single actin filaments, it takes processive runs on actin bundled by fascin. Such a bundle is the precise structure to which myosin X localizes in vivo. Using single molecule optical trapping experiments we determined the step size to be 17 nm, half of the 36 nm pseudo-helical actin repeat essential for motors to be processive on single actin filaments. This suggested that straddling two filaments within a bundle stimulates this motor's processivity. Using combinatorial chimeric constructs of myosin V and myosin X, we show that the post-IQ region, not the short lever arm (three IQ repeats) or the motor domain, is the main contributor to myosin X's selectivity. This region contains two structures of interest: a charged single alpha-helix (SAH), which may impart unique mechanical or affinity properties to the motor, and a coiled-coil dimerization motif. The structural character of this region was perturbed by insertion of free swivels either before or after the SAH domain. The post-SAH swivel mutant showed no preference for bundled actin for motility, thus providing support to a selectivity model where the search-space of the forward head for the next binding site is constrained to neighboring filaments in a bundle. This result provides insight into the ability of nature to fine-tune myosin motors to serve their specific functions in the cell.
The potential of genotyping.

In the Policy Forum “A case study of personalized medicine” (4 April, p. 53), S. H. Katsanis et al. propose that pharmacogenetic tests should be subject to more oversight and not be sold directly to consumers. I completely agree; moreover, physicians should order them. However, I believe that
Parallelism in eyewitness and mock witness identifications

The fairness of eyewitness identification lineups is assessed through the use of a series of fairness measures. All the measures proposed to date are based on the lineup choices of ‘mock witnesses’. Mock witnesses are persons who have not previously seen the offender but who have been given information about him, usually a verbal description. In a fair lineup mock witness choices should be distributed approximately equally across all lineup members. Simultaneous presentation of lineup members is the most common form of identification procedure, although recent evidence suggests that sequential presentation decreases the proportion of false identifications while maintaining the proportion of correct identifications. The present study used lineups from a recent court case to explore the limits of the mock witness paradigm using different photographs of the defendant, variations in the verbal description, and two presentation modes. Results indicated that suspect choices and the distribution of foil choices were sensitive to changes in the suspect photograph and alternate forms of the verbal description. The patterns of mock witness choices were similar across presentation modes. Our findings raise questions concerning the limits of the validity of the mock witness paradigm. Specifically, they illuminate the cognitive process differences between eyewitnesses and mock witnesses, and the information available for the identification decision. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Image selection for computed tomography of the chest. A sampling approach.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is useful to characterize the presence and extent of lung abnormalities. Contiguous HRCT images of the chest would require 200 images, which is not for practical due to 1) the extensive examination and reading time, and 2) radiation exposure. This article presents a methodologic framework to select the appropriate number of HRCT images to estimate any quantitative parameter with a desired precision. Alternative sampling strategies are introduced, and the sample size requirements are given. METHODS AND RESULTS Sample size requirements are developed for the percentage of emphysematous lung using simple random and stratified random sampling. The effect of the number of strata on the sample size requirement also is shown. The marked reduction in the number of HRCT images using different types of sampling plans illustrates the power of sampling techniques. CONCLUSIONS Proper stratification is critical to reduce the sample size requirement and to avoid missing key abnormalities, which is particularly critical in the early stages of any disease process when intervention may be most useful. Prior knowledge of the disease is useful in determining the optimum number and location of strata, and can be obtained from available chest radiographs, pulmonary function tests, radionuclide studies, and clinical parameters.
Tectonic implications of Alaska Peninsula paleomagnetic data

Abstract Recently determined paleomagnetic pole positions from rocks of Cretaceous and Eocene age from southern and southwestern Alaska are displaced from the pole positions derived from rocks of similar age from cratonic North America. These Alaskan data, when combined with previously determined Alaskan Jurassic paleopoles, mark out a paleomagnetic polar wander path very different from that for North America, but similar in trend to that for the Pacific. By constraining Alaska to have always been adjacent to the North American plate boundary, the paleomagnetic data have been used to reconstruct possible paleogeographies. The error limits in the paleomagnetic data are large, thus allowing a wide range of reconstructions, but to satisfy the data at all, South Alaska must have moved north and rotated in a clockwise direction with respect to North America in Mesozoic and/or Early Tertiary times. Movement of this sort is compatible with the relative plate motions predicted for the NE Pacific.
A comparison of the effect of different occlusal forms in mandibular implant overdentures

Abstract Statement of problem. Posterior tooth form selection for implant overdentures is made according to personal preference and experience using the concepts of conventional complete denture prosthodontics. Purpose. This study (1) compared the masticatory efficiency of three occlusal forms, 0 degrees, 30 degrees, and lingual contact (lingualized occlusion), in subjects with mandibular implant overdentures, and (2) determined their effects on the implant supporting tissues. Material and methods. Eight patients who had four root form implants in the mandibular symphysis area connected with a Hader bar were selected. Maxillary and mandibular dentures were constructed for each patient with interchangeable posterior segments and the three occlusal forms were tested. The masticatory efficiency for each posterior tooth form was assessed with objective food tests and a subjective patient preference questionnaire. Periodic evaluation of implant-supporting tissues also was performed. Results. Reliability analysis showed that all R 1 coefficients were ≥0.80 ( p Conclusion. Chewing efficiency tests and patient preference ratings showed that 30 degree teeth and lingual contact provided better chewing efficiency than 0 degree teeth. None of the tested occlusal forms showed any clinical or radiographic detrimental effect on the implant-supporting tissues. (J Prosthet Dent 1998;79:422-9.)
Reclaiming the Body, Birthing at Home: Knowledge, Power, and Control in Childbirth:

In the following essay I draw on existing literature to suggest that homebirth represents the convergence of knowledge, power, and control during pregnancy, labor, and delivery. I pay particular at...
Trends in technical and team simulations: Challenging the status Quo of surgical training

Traditional opportunistic and experiential surgical training can expose patients to excess risk of harm, particularly when new technology or surgical approaches are applied to highly complex operations. Declining birth rates, decreasing academic regionalization of complex neonatal procedures, duty hour restrictions, and the increasing need for highly specialized surgical skills all serve to further degrade the educational opportunities for surgical trainees. Even more concerning, practicing pediatric surgeons are also struggling with declines in neonatal surgical volumes, with fewer opportunities to maintain established cognitive, technical, and nontechnical skills in the operating room. In an effort to balance patient safety with a deeply rooted commitment to surgical education, surgical educators have developed a number of innovative educational strategies to achieve these goals.
An Analysis of the Differences between State Welcome Center Users and Local Visitor Center Users: A Profile of Louisiana Travelers

The purpose of this study was to contribute to the existing body of highway visitor research by investigating differences between visitors to state welcome centers and visitors to local welcome centers. More than 3,000 self-administered questionnaires collected in state and local visitor centers throughout Louisiana were used to differentiate automobile travelers. State visitor center users significantly differed from local center visitors for most behavioral trip characteristics. This study confirms previous findings that users of state welcome centers are not representative of all automobile travelers. States that want to conduct visitor profile studies at welcome centers should include local welcome centers in their studies.
Considerations in the Efficacy and Effectiveness of Virtual Reality Interventions for Stroke Rehabilitation: Moving the Field Forward

In the past 2 decades, researchers have demonstrated the potential for virtual reality (VR) technologies to provide engaging and motivating environments for stroke rehabilitation interventions. Much of the research has been focused on the exploratory phase, and jumps to intervention efficacy trials and scale-up evaluation have been made with limited understanding of the active ingredients in a VR intervention for stroke. The rapid pace of technology development is an additional challenge for this emerging field, providing a moving target for researchers developing and evaluating potential VR technologies. Recent advances in customized games and cutting-edge technology used for VR are beginning to allow for researchers to understand and control aspects of the intervention related to motivation, engagement, and motor control and learning. This article argues for researchers to take a progressive, step-wise approach through the stages of intervention development using evidence-based principles, take advantage of the data that can be obtained, and utilize measurement tools to design effective VR interventions for stroke rehabilitation that can be assessed through carefully designed efficacy and effectiveness trials. This article is motivated by the recent calls in the field of rehabilitation clinical trials research for carefully structured clinical trials that have progressed through the phases of research.
Femtosecond laser ablation of indium tin-oxide narrow grooves for thin film solar cells

Finding ways to scribe indium-tin oxide (ITO) coating plays an important role in the fabrication and assembly of thin film solar cells. Using a femtosecond (fs) laser, we selectively removed the ITO thin films with thickness 120–160 nm on glass substrates. In particular, we studied the effect of laser pulse duration, laser fluence and laser scanning speed on the ablation of ITO. The single pulse ablation thresholds at various pulse durations were determined to ablate ITO thin films. Clean removal of the ITO layer was observed when the laser fluence was above the threshold of 0.30 J/cm
Optimization by Mean Field Annealing

Nearly optimal solutions to many combinatorial problems can be found using stochastic simulated annealing. This paper extends the concept of simulated annealing from its original formulation as a Markov process to a new formulation based on mean field theory. Mean field annealing essentially replaces the discrete degrees of freedom in simulated annealing with their average values as computed by the mean field approximation. The net result is that equilibrium at a given temperature is achieved 1-2 orders of magnitude faster than with simulated annealing. A general framework for the mean field annealing algorithm is derived, and its relationship to Hopfield networks is shown. The behavior of MFA is examined both analytically and experimentally for a generic combinatorial optimization problem: graph bipartitioning. This analysis indicates the presence of critical temperatures which could be important in improving the performance of neural networks.
Simultaneous capacitor sharing and scaling for reduced power in pipeline ADCs

A technique for reducing power dissipation in pipeline analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) is presented. The technique stems from the observation that the amplifier of the first stage is used to charge the input capacitors of the subsequent stage. At the end of the amplification phase, the feedback capacitor of the first stage holds the residue voltage across it and can be reused in the second stage. The feedback capacitor is designed to be a network of capacitor and switches. With appropriate clocking, the network is re-configured to form the input sampling network of the second stage. This reuse is combined with scaling down of the capacitors to result in more power savings
Boldness underlies foraging success of invasive Lepidodactylus lugubris geckos in the human landscape.

Invasive species may reduce biodiversity in the long term by displacing resident species. Previous studies of geckos have suggested that invasive species can displace residents by monopolizing limited resources, and this competitive advantage may be exacerbated in structurally simple human-altered habitats. Lepidodactylus lugubris is a parthenogenetic gecko that comprises four major clones. On many Pacific islands A-clones have recently become numerically dominant over several other clones. We tested the general hypothesis that A-clones displace B-clones in structurally simple habitats owing to behavioural differences that influence foraging and aggression. Based on previous studies and the pattern of invasion, we predicted that A-clones would consume more insects and show higher levels of aggression and social dominance than would B-clones. We also tested the hypothesis that increasing topographic structure would affect clone behaviour asymmetrically and reduce the advantages of invading A-clones. We found that A-clones consumed more insects and initiated foraging faster compared to B-clones. However, A-clones were not consistently socially dominant over B-clones. Habitat structure affected foraging tactics, reduced aggression and decreased activity, but clones were affected equally and A-clones remained superior foragers in the structurally complex habitat. Although B-clones were more active, they were also more shy. They occupied and defended shelter more, which may partially explain their persistence in forested habitat. We conclude that part of the advantage A-clones have in structurally simple human landscapes stems from their innate boldness, which increases their ability to exploit limited food resources.
Antidiabetic Action of a Liver X Receptor Agonist Mediated By Inhibition of Hepatic Gluconeogenesis

The oxysterol receptors LXR (liver X receptor)-α and LXRβ are nuclear receptors that play a key role in regulation of cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism. We found that LXRs also play a significant role in glucose metabolism. Treatment of diabetic rodents with the LXR agonist, T0901317, resulted in dramatic reduction of plasma glucose. In insulin-resistant Zucker (fa/fa) rats, T0901317 significantly improved insulin sensitivity. Activation of LXR did not induce robust adipogenesis but rather inhibited the expression of several genes involved in hepatic gluconeogenesis, including phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK). Hepatic glucose output was dramatically reduced as a result of this regulation. Nuclear run-on studies indicated that transcriptional repression was primarily responsible for the inhibition of PEPCK by the LXR agonist. In addition, we show that the regulation of the liver gluconeogenic pathway by LXR agonists was a direct effect on hepatocytes. These data not only suggest that LXRs are novel targets for diabetes but also reveal an unanticipated role for these receptors, further linking lipid and glucose metabolism.
The Diseconomies of Queue Pooling: An Empirical Investigation of Emergency Department Length of Stay

We conduct an empirical investigation of the impact of queue management on patients' average wait time and length of stay LOS. Using an emergency department's ED patient-level data from 2007 to 2010, we find that patients' average wait time and LOS are longer when physicians are assigned patients under a pooled queuing system with a fairness constraint compared to a dedicated queuing system with the same fairness constraint. Using a difference-in-differences approach, we find the dedicated queuing system is associated with a 17% decrease in average LOS and a 9% decrease in average wait time relative to the control group-a 39-minute reduction in LOS and a four-minute reduction in wait time for an average patient of medium severity in this ED. Interviews and observations of physicians suggest that the improved performance stems from the physicians' increased ownership over patients and resources that is afforded by a dedicated queuing system, which enables physicians to more actively manage the flow of patients into and out of ED beds. Our findings suggest that the benefits from improved flow management in a dedicated queuing system can be large enough to overcome the longer wait time predicted to arise from nonpooled queues. We conduct additional analyses to rule out alternate explanations for the reduced average wait time and LOS in the dedicated system, such as stinting and decreased quality of care. Our paper has implications for healthcare organizations and others seeking to reduce patient wait time and LOS without increasing costs. This paper was accepted by Serguei Netessine, operations management.
Effects of a mindfulness-based intervention during pregnancy on prenatal stress and mood: results of a pilot study

Summary Stress and negative mood during pregnancy increase risk for poor childbirth outcomes and postnatal mood problems and may interfere with mother–infant attachment and child development. However, relatively little research has focused on the efficacy of psychosocial interventions to reduce stress and negative mood during pregnancy. In this study, we developed and pilot tested an eight-week mindfulnessbased intervention directed toward reducing stress and improving mood in pregnancy and early postpartum. We then conducted a small randomized trial (n ¼ 31) comparing women who received the intervention during the last half of their pregnancy to a wait-list control group. Measures of perceived stress, positive and negative affect, depressed and anxious mood, and affect regulation were collected prior to, immediately following, and three months after the intervention (postpartum). Mothers who received the intervention showed significantly reduced anxiety (effect size, 0.89; p < 0.05) and negative affect (effect size, 0.83; p < 0.05) during the third trimester in comparison to those who did not receive the intervention. The brief and nonpharmaceutical nature of this intervention makes it a promising candidate for use during pregnancy.
Making Room for Identity in Second-Language Writing: The Promise and Possibilities of Dual Language Identity Texts

The case studies in this article represent the work of two elementary teachers who integrated their students’ identities into the literacy curriculum. Drawing on Cummins’ (2001) concept of identity investment, academic engagement, and multiliteracies theory, I discuss and analyze samples of students’ dual language writing and document the teaching practices that made these identity texts possible. Interview data from student participants and examples of their work illustrate the ways in which students re-imagine their identities by engaging with writing in both languages. The work of these students demonstrates the power that writing can have as a medium for students to express their identities. This study further shows that teaching writing through the use of personal narratives and cultural stories affords students opportunities to build their own cultural capital in relation to the expectations of academic writing.
Convergent behavioral and neuropsychological evidence for a distinction between identification and production forms of repetition priming

Four experiments examined a distinction between kinds of repetition priming which involve either the identification of the form or meaning of a stimulus or the production of a response on the basis of a cue. Patients with Alzheimer's disease had intact priming on picture-naming and category-exemplar identification tasks and impaired priming on word-stem completion and category-exemplar production tasks. Division of study-phase attention in healthy participants reduced priming on word-stem completion and category-exemplar production tasks but not on picture-naming and category-exemplar identification tasks. The parallel dissociations in normal and abnormal memory cannot be explained by implicit-explicit or perceptual-conceptual distinctions but are explained by an identification-production distinction. There may be separable cognitive and neural bases for implicit modulation of identification and production forms of knowledge.
An improved iron loss estimation for permanent magnet brushless machines

This paper presents an improved approach for predicting iron losses in permanent magnet brushless machines. The new approach is based on the fundamental concept that eddy current losses are proportional to the square of the time rate of change of flux density. Expressions are derived for predicting hysteresis and eddy current losses in the stator teeth and yoke. The so-called anomalous or excess losses, caused by the induced eddy current concentration around moving magnetic domain walls and neglected in the conventional core loss calculation, are also included in the proposed approach. In addition, the model is also capable of accounting for the stator skewing, if present. The core losses obtained from the proposed approach are compared with those measured on an existing PM motor at several operating speeds, showing very good agreement.
Existence of a transient nonintegral folding lamellar crystal in a low molecular mass poly (ethylene oxide) fraction crystallized from the melt

L'etude par DSC et SAXS montre qu'aux stades initiaux de la cristallisation, les cristaux a repliement non-integral (NIF) croissent le plus vite, puis comme ils sont les moins stables des 3 formes cristallines existantes, ils se transforment en cristaux a repliement integral
High-efficiency dialysis for carbamazepine overdose.

Background: Carbamazepine intoxication is associated with seizures, coma, arrhythmias, and death. In acute intoxications, charcoal hemoperfusion enhances removal of the drug but is associated with thrombocytopenia, coagulopathy, hypothermia, and hypocalcemia. Alternatively, high-efficiency hemodialysis can be used without the side effects of charcoal hemoperfusion. Case Report: We report an 18-month-old comatose, convulsing child with plasma carbamazepine 27 μg/mL treated with high efficiency hemodialysis. Therapeutic carbamazepine levels were obtained after 4.5 hours of high-efficiency hemodialysis. The patient developed no untoward side effects, improved clinically, and was subsequently discharged home without sequelae. We conclude that high-efficiency hemodialysis is a safe, effective alternative to charcoal hemoperfusion in the pediatric population.
A New Carrier Transport Model for Light Emitting Devices with Quantum Well

We present a new carrier transport model for light emitting devices with quantum well. These devices include light emitting diodes (LEDs) and laser diodes (LDs). Nearly all LDs and high efficient LEDs in production contain a quantum well (QW) or multi-quantum well (MQW) in a PN junction. When these devices are driven to produce light, large number of carries, electrons and holes, are injected into the QW. The electrons and holes are expected to recombine completely in the QW. The electrons and holes are not supposed to transport over the QW and reach the opposite side. The transport action in light emitting devices is different from that in a typical PN junction without QW, where most carriers transport to the other side without recombination. Thus, the Sah-Noyce-Shockley (SNS) model for a PN junction without QM cannot be applied to light emitting devices with QW. In this study, current-voltage curves calculated using the new model agree well with results measured on GaN/sapphire LEDs with InGaN quantum wells. Junction temperature Tj rather than case temperature Tc is used to achieve better agreement.
Time-resolved three-dimensional phase contrast MRI evaluation of bicuspid aortic valve and coarctation of the aorta.

A 41-year-old man with a bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) and coarctation of the aorta, as visualized by 2D phase contrast cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) ( Figure 1D , Supplementary data online, Videos S1 ) and contrast enhanced MR angiography ( Figure 1A ), was referred for evaluation by time-resolved 3D phase contrast (4D flow) CMR to assess the flow velocity through the coarctation and provide aortic flow characterization. Findings of the comprehensive examination demonstrate the complex haemodynamic patterns that emerge throughout the aorta secondary …
Agent-based uncertainty logic network

Boolean and discrete networks play an important role in many domains such as cellular automata. This paper generalizes that concept of Boolean networks for complex situations with multiple agents acting under uncertainty. This paper creates a logic network using a concept of the Agent-based Uncertainty Theory (AUT). The AUT is based on complex fusion of crisp (non-fuzzy) conflicting judgments of agents. It provides a uniform representation and an operational empirical interpretation for several uncertainty theories such as rough set theory, fuzzy sets theory, evidence theory, and probability theory. The AUT models conflicting evaluations that are fused in the same evaluation context. An AUT network extend the traditional inferential process by using a set of logic matrices obtained from AUT logic evaluation samples connected in a network. This network computes transformations of AUT logic vectors and gives logic rules for uncertainty situation. The AUT logic network is a generalization of the Boolean network. A Boolean network consists of a set of Boolean variables whose states are determined by other variables in the network An AUT logic network consists of a set of agents presented as vector variables whose states or logic vector evaluations are determined by other variables in the network.
S17834, a New Inhibitor of Cell Adhesion and Atherosclerosis That Targets NADPH Oxidase

Oxidant stress is involved in the events that accompany endothelial cell expression of adhesion molecules and leukocyte adherence in many disease states, including atherosclerosis. A recently discovered benzo(b)pyran-4-one derivative, S17834 (10 to 50 mmol/L), reduced tumor necrosis factor-stimulated vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM) mRNA accumulation and protein expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 and E-selectin were also inhibited by S17834, but platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 was not. Adherence of U937 monocytic cells to the endothelial cells as well as to plastic plates coated with soluble VCAM, intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1, P-selectin, and E-selectin was also decreased. Consistent with an antioxidant mechanism of action, S17834 (10 to 50 mmol/L) inhibited tumor necrosis factor-stimulated release of superoxide from endothelial cells measured by cytochrome c reduction. S17834 had no effect on superoxide produced by xanthine oxidase, indicating that rather than by acting as a scavenger of superoxide anion, the drug acts by inhibiting the production of free radicals. Indeed, S17834 inhibited NADPH oxidase activity of endothelial cell membranes. The ability to inhibit superoxide anion production appears to be key in the effect of S17834 on superoxide anion production and VCAM expression, because these actions were mimicked by adenovirus-mediated overexpression of superoxide dismutase. Furthermore, these actions may be relevant in vivo, because S17834 reduced aortic superoxide anion levels by 40% and aortic atherosclerotic lesions by 60% in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. These results indicate that S17834 inhibits adhesion molecule expression and adherence of leukocytes to endothelial cells as well as aortic atherogenesis and that perhaps these effects can be explained by its ability to inhibit endogenous superoxide anion production. (Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2001;21:1577-1584.)
Focus Factors: Exploring Cross-Cultural Business Dynamics Of Making Deals And Building Relationships In India

The world houses a grand spectrum of people and cultures constantly changing and renewing themselves. Some of these peoples are historic and rich with culture, while others are relatively new in history and evolving every day. These cultures are not self-reliant, nor are they self-communicating. Spread out across every continent, the various cultures and countries of the world are morphing and forming relationships at a rate faster than ever before. As technology continues to flourish, markets and economies continue to become intertwined as well. Cultures and business practices are often vastly different. A serious effort from global business leadership needs to be placed on learning about culture as business deals are formed and negotiated. India is an Asian country containing both a rich history, as well as an extremely significant presence in the current global economy. By presenting a general overview of India, a progressive look at more focused concepts can then be explored. Concepts, such a global cross-cultural leadership, can be looked into as well as how cultures compare and contrast to the business behaviors within India. Furthermore, a broad overview of Geert Hofstede’s research on India is explored for reflection and application. One of the more important focus factors that will be displayed is how negotiation plays into inter-cultural business dealing with India. By focusing on cross-cultural leadership and behavioral dynamics of Indian culture, a greater chance of success in relationship-building and business partnership opportunities can be solidified.
Effect of 3-Methylcholanthrene on Induction of Massive Necrosis of Adrenal Cortex by 7,12-Dimethylbenz(a Inhibitory) Anthracene.

SummarySuccessive feeding of 3MC 30 mg/ml for 2 days, 48 hours before DMBA administration inhibited completely the necrosis-inducing action of DMBA. The adrenal cortex in rats receiving 3MC prior to DMBA treatment appeared normal histologically. This remarkable protective phenomenon was also observed in rats pretreated with Metopirone, a compound which is known to suppress adrenal corticosterone synthesis by inhibiting 11 β-hydroxylation. The mechanism by which 3MC inhibited the necrosis-inducing action of DMBA was believed to be similar to that by which Metopirone inhibited it.
Ionizing radiation: mechanisms and therapeutics

While chemotherapy and radiation therapy have been integral components of cancer management for decades, the issues of local recurrence, clinical resistance, and toxicities resulting from these treatment modalities have increased the interest in novel therapeutic approaches that could attenuate tumor progression and prevent recurrences. This Forum highlights current research focused on elucidation of the mechanisms of response to radiation treatment and the development of out-of-the-box therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment with radiation. Experts in the field of radiation research contribute with review articles describing the current knowledge on DNA damage response mechanisms, regulation of signaling involved in the DNA damage response by miRNA, the function of tumor hypoxia in tumor response to radiation, and the role of stem cells in protection of normal tissue against radiation damage.
65 Years in and Around Relativity

At the very beginning I must thank all of the contributors to this book for taking their valuable time to add to it.
The Future of Positron Emission Mammography (PEM)

2730 Objectives Positron Emission Mammography (PEM) has been introduced as a diagnostic tool to aid the conventional imaging technique of mammography for detecting lesions in women with breast cancer. This high resolution imaging technique utilizes an intravenous injection of 18F-FDG as an effective imaging agent in patients with dense breast tissue that may present as multiple lesions. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the advantages of utilizing PEM as a specialized diagnostic asset, and to determine the drawbacks associated with this new imaging procedure. Methods Multiple clinical case studies were reviewed to assess the usefulness of PEM in patients with established breast cancer. The sensitivity of PEM was evaluated as a supplementary component to mammography and for use with patients contraindicated for MRI. Results PEM presents a stronger advantage in the ability to identify small hypermetabolic lesions in denser breast tissue that may have been undetected by conventional mammography. PEM can distinguish lesions measuring Conclusions Currently, PEM is being employed as a complementary imaging asset in patients with a history of breast cancer that had detectable abnormalities in their mammogram. Usually, these patients are contemplating breast conservation surgery as an optional assessment of multifocal disease within their dense breast tissue. PEM’s future in diagnostic imaging is proving to be a helpful tool in the evolution of breast imaging, and despite the drawbacks, it is effectively paving the way for more advancements in detection of breast cancer in patients.
Assessment and Estimation of Risk Preferences

Abstract This chapter surveys the rapidly growing literature in which risk preferences are measured and manipulated in laboratory and field experiments. The most commonly used measurement instruments are: an investment task for allocations between a safe and risky asset, a choice menu task for eliciting probability indifference points, and a pricing task for eliciting certainty equivalents of a lottery. These methods are compared in a manner that will help the practitioner decide which one to use, and how to deal with methodological issues associated with incentives, stakes, and the structure of choice menus. Applications involve using inferred risk preferences to document demographic effects, e.g. gender, and to explain the effects of risk aversion on observed behavior in economic in settings, e.g. bargaining, auctions, and contests. Some suggestions for evaluating the separate effects of utility curvature and probability weighting are provided.
Relational Agency: Yes—But How Far? Vulnerability and the Moral Self

Goering, Klein, Dougherty, and Widge (2017) have done an important service in bringing feminist philosophical theories of self, identity, autonomy, and agency into a meaningful dialogue with the bi...
Redox Regulation of Heme Oxygenase-2 and the Transcription Factor, Rev-Erb, Through Heme Regulatory Motifs

Abstract Significance: Heme binds to and serves as a cofactor for a myriad of proteins that are involved in diverse biological processes. Hemoproteins also exhibit varying modes of heme binding, suggesting that the protein environment contributes to the functional versatility of this prosthetic group. The subject of this review is a subset of hemoproteins that contain at least one heme regulatory motif (HRM), which is a short sequence containing a Cys-Pro core that, in many cases, binds heme with the Cys acting as an axial ligand. Recent Advances: As more details about HRM-containing proteins are uncovered, some underlying commonalities are emerging, including a role in regulating protein stability. Further, the cysteines of some HRMs have been shown to form disulfide bonds. Because the cysteines must be in the reduced, dithiol form to act as a heme axial ligand, heme binds at these sites in a redox-regulated manner, as demonstrated for heme oxygenase-2 (HO2) and Rev-erbβ. Critical Issues: HRM-containing ...