cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Determination of intrinsic mid-infrared absorption of a fluoride glass

The intrinsic mid-infrared optical absorption of a ZrF4–BaF2–LaF3–AlF3–NaF (ZBLAN) glass has been determined by combining laser calorimetry and spark-source mass spectrographic analysis. The total optical absorption of four samples of varying purity was measured at 3.9 μm with laser calorimetry. The extrinsic contribution to the total absorption for each glass was calculated from the measured concentration of rare-earth impurity ions and known extinction coefficients. The intrinsic absorption of this glass at 3.9 μm determined from the difference between the total measured absorption and the calculated extrinsic absorption is 6.11 (±0.61) × 10−4 cm−1.
Critical review of the TEMAS: A step within the development of thematic apperception instruments

The TEMAS (acronym for Tell-Me-a-Story)—an objectively scored, projective thematic personality instrument for children and adolescents—is analyzed, reviewed, and critiqued with regard to theoretical underpinnings and rationale for development, administration, scoring, psychometric properties, and research to date. The TEMAS appears to be an improvement over existing projective personality measures used by school psychologists. Although it requires more training than other projective techniques, competency in administration, scoring, and interpretation can be achieved within a one semester course in personality assessment. The test has evidence of reliability and validity, and it is a multicultural alternative to the TAT and other thematic apperception instruments. The use of the TEMAS by psychologists may achieve more accurate assessment of Black and Hispanic children. Limitations include geographically limited standardization samples and little research conducted by individuals other than the authors. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Effects of teenage childbearing on neonatal and infant behavior in Puerto Rico

The Brazelton scale was administered to 42 infants born to adolescent mothers and 42 infants born to older mothers in Puerto Rico. Infants with low complications scored higher on regulation of state, and a significant interaction showed that within low complication groups, infants of teenage mothers had a wider range of state than infants of older mothers. One-year follow-up assessments of mental and motor development and temperament ratings showed no significant differences between infants born to teenage mothers and older mothers. The pattern of correlations between neonatal variables and one-year outcome indicated more consistent relationships for the infants born to teenage mothers, particularly along state-related dimensions. These findings point out the need to consider both the immediate obstetric history and the larger sociocultural environment in understanding the impact of a teenage mother on her infant.
College shoplifters: rebuttal of Beck and McIntyre.

Prior findings by Beck and McIntyre about the relationship between shoplifting and pathology or maladjustment among college students were tested with 78 full-time college students, convicted of first-offense shoplifting. Contrary to the earlier study, there was little evidence that pathology or maladjustment were significant contributing factors. There were no meaningful personality differences on the California Psychological Inventory between regular and occasional shoplifters or a sample of 30 undergraduates who denied ever shoplifting. The personality test data, offense records, and the diverse motives found among regular shoplifters indicated these college students were not delinquent, criminal personalities, psychopaths, and had no psychopathic tendencies. They steal for a variety of reasons, including the acquisition of personally attractive goods while saving money for other purposes.
Divergent approaches to the treatment of dyslipidemia with low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol

Further therapy should be considered for patients who have reached target low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels but have low plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) since rates of coronary artery disease continue to be high for a sizable proportion of this population. Lifestyle approaches include dietary changes, smoking cessation, moderate alcohol intake, concomitant drug reassessment, and specific coexistent conditions. Aggressive statin therapy still leaves a high residual rate of cardiac events. Other drug approaches include estrogen, fibrate, niacin therapy, and combinations of these agents. Recent results from an ongoing trial of combination extended-release prescription niacin plus lovastatin are very promising.
A comparison of some approximations for the Fermi-Dirac integral of order 1/2

Abstract Numerous approximations of the Fermi-Dirac integral F j (x) appear in the literature for j = 1 2 . We compare some of these approximations and suggest which ones should be used to optimise both accuracy and speed of computation in an application of device modeling.
An empirical assessment of exemplary project publications: Do they provide the necessary information for implementation?

Abstract Based on a comprehensive list of the factors that affect program and policy implementation in the United States, an assessment was made of the degree to which the National Institute of Justice Exemplary Project documents include information relevant to replicating criminal justice programs. A description of the kinds of programs that have been chosen as exemplary and the assessment of information in the documents revealed several gaps that could limit the documents' usefulness. As a whole, the Exemplary Project documents emphasize summative evaluations to show program success rather than process evaluations that could reveal the dynamics of implementation. Furthermore, the documents neither draw on nor contribute to the growing body of theory and empirical research relevant to implementation in the criminal justice system.
Receptor binding and internalization of immobilized transcobalamin II by mouse leukaemia cells.

Membrane transport of vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin; Cbl) into mammalian cells is mediated by the serum protein transcobalamin II (TCII)1–3. In mouse leukaemia L1210 cells, TCII–Cbl binds to membrane receptors in a rapid, temperature-independent step and is internalized by a slow, temperature-dependent process4. To delineate the location of receptors on these cells, we have constructed a visual probe by covalently coupling purified TCII–Cbl to submicrometre latex particles5 (minibeads). We report here that when L1210 cells are incubated with minibeads containing TCII–Cbl at 4 °C and examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the particles are found attached predominantly to microvilli. Incubation of the cells at 37 °C results in the internalization of the minibeads. As visualized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), this endocytotic process seems to occur in clathrin-coated pits and vesicles6,7 at the cell surface.
NOx storage and reduction with propylene on Pt/BaO/alumina

An experimental study was carried out of periodically operated NOx (NO + NO 2 ) storage and reduction on a model Pt/BaO/Al 2 O 3 catalyst powder. The effect of the reductant (propylene) injection policy on time-averaged NOx conversion was evaluated in terms of feed composition and temperature, reductant pulse duration, and overall cycle time. Conditions giving time-averaged NOx conversions exceeding 90% were identified. The reluctant-to-oxidant ratio during the injection and the total cycle time are both found to be critical factors to achieve high conversion. The time-averaged conversion is bounded above and below by the steady-state conversions obtained with feeds having the same compositions as that during the rich and lean part of the cycle, respectively. For a fixed supply of propylene, short pulses of high concentration are much more effective than longer pulses of reduced concentration. The NOx conversion achieves a maximum value at an intermediate overall cycle time when the propylene pulse of fixed duty fraction is net reducing. High conversions are sustained over a wide temperature window (200-400°C). A simple storage-reduction cycle is proposed that elucidates the main findings in the study. The key factor for high NOx conversion is the temporal production of oxygen-deficient conditions coupled with high catalyst temperatures, both resulting from the intermittent catalytic oxidation of propylene.
Reshaping our perception of the typical hospitalized heart failure patient: a gender analysis of data from the ADHERE Heart Failure Registry.

Heart failure studies have suggested important differences between women and men both in heart failure etiology and in survival. Clinical trials and long-standing perceptions of the typical heart failure patient have related far more to men than to women, while more women than men in the United States may be hospitalized with heart failure. The goal of this study was to analyze ADHERE Registry data, the largest database of acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) patient hospitalizations available, to gain insight into the effect of gender on medical history, clinical characteristics, and discharge counseling. This preliminary study analyzed the 85,617 ADHF hospitalizations in the ADHERE Registry as of October 2003, with 44,340 (52%) women and 41,276 (48%) men included. Women were significantly older (mean age 74.6 +/- 13.7 years) than men (mean age 70.2 +/- 13.9 years, P 140 mm Hg (56% vs. 44%, P 40%) compared to only 28% of men (P < 0.0001). At discharge, adherence to 3 of the 4 JCAHO standardized measures of quality of care far heart failure patients were documented more frequently for men than for women. A significantly smaller proportion of women received discharge instructions on management of diet, weight, and medications (30.1% vs. 32.8%); received or were scheduled for assessment of left ventricular function (81.5% vs. 85.6%); or were discharged with an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor prescription if appropriate (72.6% vs. 73.9%). Real-world data from the ADHERE Registry may lead to better recognition of the signs and symptoms of heart failure in women, increase the proportion of women who are correctly diagnosed, and may help to support gender-specific considerations in heart failure guidelines.
On Theories of a Democratic Planned Economy and the Coevolution of “Pro-democratic Planning” Preferences

The motivation problem is a common component of discussions about democratic planning. This paper focuses in particular on individuals' motivation to work hard and to engage in the scrutiny of public affairs, both necessary traits for the success of a planned economy. The analysis draws on tools from the evolutionary game theory literature to consider whether the models of Pat Devine (Negotiated Coordination Economy, or NCE) and Michael Albert and Robin Hahnel (Participatory Economics, or Parecon) offer convincing solutions. I argue the proliferation of those traits would not naturally occur at the outset of democratic planning. I discuss selection mechanisms that increase the likelihood of successful proliferation of individually costly traits: segmentation, conformism, and group-level interactions. However, I argue that, under the impact of the defining institutions of NCE/Parecon, segmentation or conformism would not achieve the desired proliferation. The central conclusion of this paper is, then, that...
Supported and unsupported platinum catalysts prepared by a one-step dry deposition method and their oxygen reduction reactivity in acidic media

The present study examines the physical and electrochemical properties of platinum particles generated by a combustion method for use in oxygen reduction on the cathode side of a proton exchange fuel cell (PEMFC). This method employs a one-step, open-atmosphere, and dry deposition technique called reactive spray deposition technology (RSDT). The objective of this study is to characterize the intrinsic activity of the platinum produced for incorporation into low-loading cathode electrodes in high performing membrane electrode assemblies (MEA). The process allows for independent real-time control of the carbon, platinum, and ionomer ratios in the final electrode. In this research work we examine the oxygen reduction reaction via a rotating disk three electrode set-up to understand the intrinsic activity of the as-sprayed platinum as well as platinum condensed onto a carbon support. The mass and specific activities were measured in a 0.1 M perchloric acid electrolyte under different deposition conditions and loading was verified by atomic emission spectroscopy inductively coupled plasma (AES-ICP). Microscopy results indicate that the platinum particle sizes are 5 nm (σ = 2.8 nm) in diameter while TEM and XRD show that the platinum generated by the process is pure and crystalline without bulk oxides or precursor material present. The initial rotating disk electrode result shows that the RSDT technique is capable of producing catalysts with an oxygen reduction mass activity at 0.9 V of 200 mA/mgPt rotating at 1600 rpm and 30 °C. The electrochemically active surface area approaches 120 m2/g for the platinum, carbon, and ionomer samples and the unsupported sample with only platinum has an active area of 92 m2/g. The rather larger surface area of the unsupported sample exists when the platinum is deposited as a highly porous nanostructured layer that allows for high penetration of reactant.
Working mothers and the supervision of their children: a value chain approach to schooling

Analyzes, by means of Porter’s Value Chain system, a possible strategy to address the problems of shared parental obligations by men and women, and in particular the supervision of children below school age and “latchkey” children. Also addresses the difficulty of employer retention of valuable working women. The business in this case consists of the schools, and the strategic business unit under study is identified as school‐age children with full‐time working parents. Suggests an extension of school hours as a solution.
Did narrowing the major depression bereavement exclusion from DSM-III-R to DSM-IV increase validity?: evidence from the National Comorbidity Survey

The DSM's major-depression "bereavement exclusion" eliminates bereavement-related depressive episodes (BRDs) from diagnosis unless they are "complicated" by prolonged duration or certain severe symptoms. The exclusion was substantially narrowed in DSM-IV to decrease false-negative diagnoses, but the impact of this change remains unknown. We divided BRDs in the National Comorbidity Survey into uncomplicated versus complicated categories using broader DSM-III-R and narrower DSM-IV exclusion criteria. Using 6 pathology validators (symptom number, melancholic depression, suicide attempt, interference with life, medication for depression, and hospitalization for depression), we compared the validity of the 2 exclusion criteria sets using 2 tests: (1) which criteria set yielded less pathological uncomplicated cases or more pathological complicated cases; (2) which yielded the largest separation between uncomplicated and complicated pathology levels. Results of both tests indicated that the narrower DSM-IV criteria substantially decreased the exclusion's validity. These results suggest caution regarding the current proposal to eliminate the bereavement exclusion in DSM-5.
Intergranular fracture along migrated boundaries in ordered Ni4Mo

The alloy Ni-20 at. % Mo is FCC and disordered (..cap alpha.. phase) above 868/sup 0/C, and below this temperature it forms a superlattice of the D1a type (..beta.. phase). Rapid cooling from the ..cap alpha.. region prevents the formation of ..beta... Reheating in the range 700-800/sup 0/C results in the relatively rapid formation of the ordered phase. The ordering reaction occurs by preferential arrangement of Ni and Mo atoms on the FCC lattice, so that the ..beta.. has a close packed structure and a crystallographic relation to the former ..cap alpha... Six crystallographic variants of ..beta.. form and three types of domain boundaries. Thus inside the ..cap alpha.. grains a fine domain structure forms with crystallographic continuity between the domains. It is only at the former ..cap alpha.. boundaries that high angle boundaries exist between ..beta.. crystals. Aging results in a coarsening of the domains and accompanying this coarsening is an increase in strength and a drastic reduction in ductility. For example, in the ..cap alpha.. form, the alloy has a ductility of about 60%, whereas aging at 775/sup 0/C for 3 min. reduces the ductility to about 5%. Fracture occurs along the former ..cap alpha.., high angle boundaries.
Recombinant activated factor VII for coagulopathy in fulminant hepatic failure compared with conventional therapy

Abstract Severe coagulopathy in fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) is difficult to correct by conventional means. Recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) is an antihemophilic factor that has shown promise in treating coagulopathy in liver disease. Our aim is to review our experience with rFVIIa in treating the coagulopathy of FHF and compare these results with those of conventional therapy. Fifteen patients with FHF who met King's College criteria for orthotopic liver transplantation were studied. All were ascertained from our liver disease registry. Eight consecutive patients were administered fresh frozen plasma (FFP) alone, whereas seven consecutive patients were administered FFP and rFVIIa (40 μg/kg intravenous bolus). The two groups, with similar demographic characteristics, were compared in terms of measured parameters of coagulopathy (prothrombin time and international normalized ratio), amount of plasma infused, development of anasarca, ability to undergo intracranial pressure (ICP) transducer placement, bleeding complications, ability to undergo transplantation, and survival. All patients administered rFVIIa (after a single dose) versus none administered FFP alone had temporary (2- to 6-hour) correction of coagulopathy (P
Location and orientation estimation of buried targets using electromagnetic induction sensors

Dictionary matching techniques are an eective way to invert EMI measurements to detect properties of buried targets. A problem arises when trying to create a comprehensive dictionary that can account for location and orientation information for all types of useful targets because populating the dictionary would require the enumeration of parameters in a 7-dimensional space. This paper shows that the discrete spectrum of relaxation frequencies (DSRF) can be used to eliminate two of the dimensions entirely, and the singular value decomposition (SVD) will compress the dictionary by another two orders of magnitude. These dimensionality reducing techniques lead to an ecient dictionary matching algorithm for location and orientation estimates.
Biology of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor and Its Involvement in Disease

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is mainly believed to be an important mitogen for connective tissue, especially for fibroblasts that serve in wound healing. However, PDGF also has important roles during embryonal development, and its overexpression has been linked to different types of fibrotic disorders and malignancies. Platelet-derived growth factor is synthesized by many different cell types, and its expression is broad. Its synthesis is in response to external stimuli, such as exposure to low oxygen tension, thrombin, or stimulation by other cytokines and growth factors. In addition, PDGF may function in autocrine stimulation of tumor cells, regulation of interstitial fluid pressure, and angiogenesis. Recently, several drugs were developed that are potent inhibitors of the tyrosine kinase activity of PDGF receptors. Thus, it is important to understand the physiology of PDGF and its receptors and the role of PDGF in different diseases. This review summarizes the physiologic activity of PDGF, the expression of PDGF during embryonal development, and the roles of PDGF expression in nonmalignant disease and in different tumors.
Induction and recovery characteristics of desflurane and halothane anaesthesia in paediatric outpatients

This study compares induction and recovery characteristics of desflurane and halothane in children undergoing elective outpatient surgery (hernia repair, circumcision and orchidopexy). Fifty-six patients one month to 12 years of age were randomly assigned to one of three study groups. In addition to nitrous oxide, group I received desflurane (D) for induction and maintenance; group II received halothane (H) for induction and desflurane for maintenance; and group III received halothane for induction and maintenance. All patients received caudal blocks at the end of surgery. There was no significant difference in induction time (mean ± SD) among the three groups (1.7 ± 0.5, 1.7 ± 0.5 and 1.0 ± 0.5 min for groups I, II and III respectively). Airway complications (coughing, breath holding, and laryngospasm) were significantly higher among the children induced with desflurane than among either of the halothane induction groups. Premedication had no effect on reducing the number of airway complications. Emergence and recovery times (mean ± SD) were significantly shorter among both desflurane maintenance groups (3.6 ± 1.7 and 11 ± 8 min) than among the group maintained on halothane (7.9 ± 3.5 and 29.9 ± 10.6 min respectively). A brief halothane induction did not compromise the fast recovery characteristics of desflurane. There was no difference among the groups in time to discharge home (approx. 3 h). This study confirms the value of desflurane as a maintenance agent in paediatric anaesthesia. In our patients, a brief halothane induction did not compromise the fast recovery characteristics of desflurane.
Intracellular location of human fibroblast interferon messenger RNA.

Abstract Human diploid fibroblast (FS-4) cells were induced to produce interferon mRNA by exposure to poly(rI)·poly(rC) plus cycloheximide. The intracellular location of interferon mRNA was investigated by differential centrifugation of the cytoplasm into a membrane (pellet) and a free (supernatant) fraction, followed by injection of mRNA isolated from either fraction into X . laevis oocytes. When translation in FS-4 cells was prevented, most (85–90%) of the interferon mRNA activity was found in the free fraction. However, when translation was permitted, most (80–95%) of the interferon mRNA activity was found in the membrane fraction. These results are consistent with the predictions of the “signal hypothesis” (Blobel and Dobberstein, J. Cell Biol. 1975, 67 :835) for secretory proteins.
l-Malic acid production from fumaric acid by a laboratory Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain SHY2

l-Malic acid was produced efficiently from fumaric acid by Saccharomyces cerevisiae SHY2. The amount of l-malic acid produced increased with the increase in initial fumaric acid concentration (from 20 to 120 g/L). The average specific and volumetric production rates reached up to 0.708 g/g·h and 2.787 g/L·h, respectively, in 24 hours. Final l-malic acid concentration of up to 109 g/L was obtained in 96 hours.
Trust in a specific technology: An investigation of its components and measures

Trust plays an important role in many Information Systems (IS)-enabled situations. Most IS research employs trust as a measure of interpersonal or person-to-firm relations, such as trust in a Web vendor or a virtual team member. Although trust in other people is important, this article suggests that trust in the Information Technology (IT) itself also plays a role in shaping IT-related beliefs and behavior. To advance trust and technology research, this article presents a set of trust in technology construct definitions and measures. We also empirically examine these construct measures using tests of convergent, discriminant, and nomological validity. This study contributes to the literature by providing: (a) a framework that differentiates trust in technology from trust in people, (b) a theory-based set of definitions necessary for investigating different kinds of trust in technology, and (c) validated trust in technology measures useful to research and practice.
Variation in Expression of a Bovine α-Lactalbumin Transgene in Milk of Transgenic Mice

Transgenic mice were produced to study the production of bovine alpha-LA in their milk. A 7.6-kb fragment containing a bovine alpha-LA gene was purified and microinjected into pronuclear stage mouse embryos. This fragment contained 2.0 kb of 5' flanking region, the 1.7-kb coding region, and 2.7 kb of 3' flanking region. Out of 121 potential transgenic founder mice, 3 were identified as being transgenic by the polymerase chain reaction. Multiple mice from the second, third, and fourth generation from each line were milked, and the milk was analyzed using an ELISA assay and Western blots to determine the presence of bovine alpha-LA. Bovine alpha-LA was present at concentrations up to 1.5 mg of protein/ml of mouse milk. The high degree of expression variation between mice within each of the transgenic lines was a characteristic that has not been reported in other studies of transgene expression in milk. Production of bovine alpha-LA in the milk of these transgenic mice showed a high degree of variation both within a lactation and between mice within a line. The bovine alpha-LA concentration in a single line of transgenic mice exhibited as much as a 10-fold variation between mice. Variations as high as 3-fold were detected within a single lactation in the same mouse. These differences in expression appeared to be correlated with mouse milk production; bovine alpha-LA was higher on d 10 and 15 of lactation than on d 5. Transgenic mice that show variation in expression of a bovine gene might offer a unique system for studying quantitative traits in a laboratory model.
Excitation of the 3p4(4s, 3d, 4p) Ar+ states during Ar photoionization: Intensity, alignment, and orientation

Ar photoionization is studied using the R-matrix formalism with emphasis on the simultaneous excitation of the residual ${\mathrm{Ar}}^{+}$ ion. Cross sections have been obtained for excitation of the ${3p}^{4}(3d,4s,4p)$ states. A comparison with experiments having a resolution of 70 meV shows reasonable agreement for the position and shape of resonance structures. The relative magnitude of the resonances proves to be more elusive. The partial cross section for excitation of the ${3p}^{4}{(}^{3}{P}^{e})4p{}^{2}{P}_{3/2}^{o}$ and ${}^{2}{D}_{3/2}^{o}$ levels is treated in more detail. A comparison of $\mathrm{LS}$-coupling calculations with high-resolution experimental results shows good agreement for both the excitation cross sections and the polarization of the fluorescence. We also predict the orientation for both levels. We demonstrate that the polarization of the fluorescence originating from the ${}^{2}{D}_{3/2}^{o}$ level can be employed to study spin-orbit effects in Ar photoionization.
Distribution of Pulmonary Blood Flow after Myocardial Ischemia and Infarction

Regional distribution of pulmonary blood flow and ventilation was determined with the 133xenon technic in the erect position at the bedside in 15 patients an average of 6 days after uncomplicated myocardial infarction (MI) and in five patients with severe angina in the same coronary care unit. Follow-up studies were repeated within 3 to 25 weeks on six of the patients with MI. There was marked reduction in perfusion to the lung base after myocardial infarction. Patients with severe angina showed some underperfusion of the lower lung zones, but to a much less degree than those with acute MI. The pattern of pulmonary perfusion reverted toward that seen in angina in the follow-up studies of patients with MI. Distribution of ventilation was normal in all patients. The results of the study suggest that there are probably chronic changes in the pulmonary vasculature of patients with arteriosclerotic heart disease which lead to redistribution of pulmonary blood flow toward the apex, and that the marked under-perfusion of the lung base demonstrated following acute myocardial infarction reflects an acute increase in the pulmonary venous and interstitial pressures most likely due to occult left ventricular failure.
Synthesis of Atropisomerically Defined, Highly Substituted Biaryl Scaffolds through Catalytic Enantioselective Bromination and Regioselective Cross-Coupling†

The challenge of atropisomer-selective synthesis is often manifest in drug discovery projects,[1] and also in the synthesis of materials with interesting optical properties.[2] With respect to the former, numerous small molecule ligands for proteins and enzyme inhibitors exist as conformational racemates, with low barriers to atropisomerization (Figure 1). For example, terphenyl compounds (e.g., 1, disruptors of protein-protein interactions,)[3] heteroarene- and heteroatom-substituted biphenyls (e.g., kinase inhibitors; 2),[4] and other biologically active scaffolds (e.g., biphenyl tetrazole 3)[5] all exhibit the possibility for stereochemically unique atropisomeric conformations. Nonetheless, binding of the small molecule to the biological target often occurs with enantiospecificity, as the inherent chirality of the receptor effects in situ dynamic kinetic resolution of the ligand, provided the barrier to atropisomerization is low enough. Thus, the preparation of single atropisomer scaffolds could lead to increases in potency for small molecules, through an increase in the effective concentration of the biologically active atropisomer, with the exclusion of a less active, or alternatively active form.
Respiration of potatoes as influenced by previous storage temperature

Potato tubers, after storage for 2 months at 0 C, showed a higher initial rate of oxygen uptake (2 to 3 fold) and carbon dioxide output when transferred to 25 C than comparable tubers transferred from storage at 12.8 C. Comparative studies on the effects of oxygen saturation, cyanide, carbon monoxide, anaerobiosis, ethylene chlorhydrin, and wounding were made on tubers from storage at 0 or 12.8 C to determine the nature of the cold-induced respiratory burst. The oxygen-saturation studies and cyanide and carbon monoxide inhibitor studies on the whole tubers indicated that oxygen uptake by tubers from 0 and 12.8 C storage was mediated by the same terminal oxidase which is presumably cytochrome oxidase. The cold-induced respiratory increment present in tubers from 0 C storage was inhibited by cyanide and carbon monoxide. In contrast, cyanide and carbon monoxide stimulated the basal respiration characteristic of the tubers from 12.8 C storage. Tubers from storage at 12.8 C, after 24 hours in nitrogen, showed a sharp increase in respiration when transferred to air. Tubers from storage at 0 C, after 24 hours in nitrogen, also showed an increase when transferred to air that was partially additive to the respiratory burst induced by cold storage. Carbon dioxide output at 25 C by tubers from 0 and 12.8 C storage was increased by treatment with ethylene chlorhydrin and by wounding. The percentage increase was smaller in each case for the tubers from storage at 0 C, indicating that the cold-induced respiratory burst and the respiratory stimulation from treatment with ethylene chlorhydrin and from wounding have, to some degree, a common basis.
Functional differentiation of a clone resembling embryonic cortical interneuron progenitors.

We have generated clones (L2.3 and RG3.6) of neural progenitors with radial glial properties from rat E14.5 cortex that differentiate into astrocytes, neurons and oligodendrocytes. Here we describe a different clone (L2.2) that gives rise exclusively to neurons, but not to glia. Neuronal differentiation of L2.2 cells was inhibited by BMP2 and enhanced by SHH similar to cortical interneuron progenitors. Compared to L2.3, differentiating L2.2 cells expressed significantly higher levels of mRNAs for glutamate decarboxylases (GAD), DLX transcription factors, calretinin, calbindin, neuropeptide Y (NPY) and somatostatin. Increased levels of DLX-2, GAD and calretinin proteins were confirmed upon differentiation. L2.2 cells differentiated into neurons that fired action potentials in vitro, and their electrophysiological differentiation was accelerated and more complete when co-cultured with developing astroglial cells but not with conditioned medium from these cells. The combined results suggest that clone L2.2 resembles GABAergic interneuron progenitors in the developing forebrain.
Induction of rat liver mitochondrial fatty acid elongation by the administration of peroxisome proliferator di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate: Absence of elongation activity in peroxisomes☆

Abstract The administration of di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) 3 to male Sprague-Dawley rats resulted in more than a threefold increase in activity of acetyl CoA-dependent hepatic mitochondrial fatty acid elongation. Peroxisomes obtained either from control or DEHP-treated rats were not capable of elongating any of the fatty acyl CoAs tested. Furthermore, the peroxisomes possessed no trans -2-enoyl CoA reductase activity. Therefore, the elongation activity in the 7500 g fraction from both control and DEHP-fed animals can be attributed totally to the mitochondria. Maximal incorporation of acetyl CoA occurred in the presence of both NADH and NADPH, and octanoyl CoA (8:0) and decanoyl CoA (10:0) were found to be optimal primers for fatty acid elongation in both control and DEHP-treated animals. The apparent K m for 8:0 CoA was 17 μM in both animal groups while the V max was increased from 4.5 to 12.5 nmol/min/mg following treatment. The apparent K m for 10:0 CoA was 10 μM in both control and DEHP-treated groups while the apparent V max increased from 2.5 to 10 nmol/min/mg; palmitoyl-CoA (16:0) was a very poor primer for chain elongation. Although the acetyl CoA-dependent fatty acid elongation was stimulated by DEHP treatment, the mitochondrial trans -2-enoyl CoA reductase activity was unaffected. The mitochondrial total elongation activity following DEHP-treatment using 8:0 CoA as primer was about two times higher than enoyl CoA reductase activity using trans -2-decenoyl CoA (10:1). This was the result of accumulation of intermediates, which were identified as trans -2-10:1 (35%), β-hydroxy 10:0 (25%), unidentified (15%), and elongated saturated product 10:0 (24%). Elongation by one acetate unit was found in both the control and DEHP-treated animals. The results are discussed in terms of physiological significance.
Some Observations on the Use of Thiobarbital as an Antithyroid Agent in the Treatment of Graves' Disease1

THIOURACIL is now extensively employed in the treatment of hyperthyroidism and it is clear that the one drawback to its use is the occasional incidence of serious toxic reactions. Currently it would appear that one out of each hundred treated cases has developed agranulocytosis and as a consequence one in each thousand has died. While this constitutes a low mortality rate for a serious disease especially when compared with the death rate associated with surgical therapy, it would be most desirable further to reduce or to eliminate it. The more common side reaction from thiouracil, drug fever, while not a serious complication in itself usually requires that the drug be discontinued and the disease treated in some other way. As there are, as yet, no specific or certain methods of preventing or treating such drug reactions, the investigation of antithyroid compounds has continued with the aim of finding a substance superior to thiouracil for clinical use.
IN THE ENVIRONMENT OF IDEAS: ARTHUR LOVEJOY AND THE HISTORY OF IDEAS AS A FORM OF CULTURAL HISTORY*

The last fifteen years have seen a number of attempts to imagine what lies “beyond” the linguistic and cultural turns of recent decades in historiography. The impulse is derived, one suspects, from the need for academic cultures to declare current established practice “dead” in favor of some new departure. We have had thirty years of discourse study, cultural analysis of texts and meaning, attention to the constitutive power of language, and suspicion of reading texts as unmediated referential documents. It seems inevitable that voices would arise declaring the attention to culture and language exhausted, asking us to turn away from language and culture and plant our feet on some firmer ground. Academic disciplinary cultures, try as they might to abandon modernist commitments to a belief in progress in which today's know-how trumps yesterday's ignorance, can't seem to transcend their nineteenth-century origins. We know, or think we do, that the humanities are not the bearers of progress in knowledge, that we are no wiser than our forebears, that the holy grail remains as far out of reach as it ever was. And yet we act as if we can expose the shortcomings of our intellectual ancestors and in doing so inaugurate a new and better understanding of the realm in which human beings act and create meaning. Hence a new generation, having decided that it has either absorbed the lessons of the cultural and linguistic turns or realized what a constraining dead end such a turn represents, advocates a departure for more fertile ground.
Supplemental Phosphorus in Practical Channel Catfish Diets1

Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the need for supplemental phosphorus in the diet of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus as well as to compare dicalcium phosphate and defluorinated phosphate as sources of supplemental phosphorus. Fingerling channel catfish were stocked into 0.04-ha earthen ponds at a rate of 1,000 fish/pond (24,700ha). The fish were fed a feed typical of commercial catfish feeds containing 28% protein and 2.8 kcal digestible energy/g once daily to satiation during the growing season (April to October). Fish in experiment 2 were overwintered and fed at a rate of 1% body weight twice weekly when the water temperature exceeded 13 C. The basal diet used in experiments 1 and 2, which contained no supplemental phosphorus, had estimated available phosphorus concentrations of 0.26 and 0.20%, respectively. Dicalcium phosphate was added to provide available phosphorus concentrations of 0.34 and 0.41% for experiment 1, and 0.27 and 0.35% for experiment 2. Diets used in experiment 3 to compare dicalcium and defluorinated phosphates contained 0.40% available phosphorus. Data from experiments 1 and 2 indicated that a concentration of dietary phosphorus of about 0.27% was adequate for maximum weight gain and efficient conversion of feed by channel catfish. However, a concentration of about 0.35% available phosphorus was required for maximum bone mineralization in experiment 2. There were no differences in growth or bone mineralization between fish fed dicalcium or defluorinated phosphate. We conclude that the small increase in bone phosphorus (about 4%) is biologically insignificant, and suggest that 0.3% available phosphorus be adequate for channel catfish raised in earthen ponds. Also, either dicalcium or defluorinated phosphate can be used as a source of supplemental phosphorus in channel catfish diets. However, defluorinated phosphate may be desirable because of its low solubility in water.
Integrated optical biosensor for detection of multivalent proteins

We have developed a simple, highly sensitive and specific optical waveguide sensor for the detection of multivalent proteins. The optical biosensor is based on optically tagged glycolipid receptors embedded within a fluid phospholipid bilayer membrane formed upon the surface of a planar optical waveguide. Binding of multivalent cholera toxin triggers a fluorescence resonance energy transfer that results in a two-color optical change that is monitored by measurement of emitted luminescence above the waveguide surface. The sensor approach is highly sensitive and specific and requires no additional reagents and washing steps. Demonstration of protein-receptor recognition by use of planar optical waveguides provides a path forward for the development of fieldable miniaturized biosensor arrays.
Clay removal in basaltic and limestone horizontal roughing filters

Abstract Dolomite limestone, high-calcium limestone and river rock primarily composed of basalt were three types of filter media aggregate tested in a laboratory-scale horizontal roughing filter for removal of smectite and non-expanding clays from water that simulated a western Cascade Mountain Range flood event. Removal efficiencies were determined by examining total suspended solids (TSS), turbidity, inorganic carbon and X-ray diffraction patterns generated from influent and effluent samples. Smectite removal was quantified by subtracting calcium carbonate from solids measurements and applying a ratio equation developed from diffractometer analysis. Turbidity, TSS and smectite removal averaged 79, 94 and 99%, respectively, in the high-calcium filter. Zeta potential comparison and statistical analysis of smectite d -spacing changes suggested the primary clay removal mechanism was sedimentation initiated by destabilization from the dissolving limestone media.
Schottky Defects in Alkali Halides

The method of lattice statics and the deformation-dipole model have been applied to Schottky defects in ionic crystals in approximations higher than zero order. For an isolated vacancy, all host-lattice-ion potential energy functions for short-ranged repulsive and Coulomb-defect forces were expanded to terms quadratic in the displacements and dipole moments, and the resulting forces were allowed to act on the first and/or second neighbors to the vacancy. The zero-order Coulomb force was allowed to act on the remainder of the host-lattice ions past first and/or second neighbors. The vacancy and Schottky-pair-formation energies in the 12 Na, K, Rb halides have been calculated. A comparison is made between the zero-order approximation and the one considered here. Fairly good agreement is obtained between our calculated values and the experimental values for the Schottky-pair-formation energies if the polarizations around the defect are properly treated with respect to deformation dipoles.
Methodologies for hydrogen determination in metal oxides by prompt gamma activation analysis

Prompt gamma activation analysis (PGAA), available at The University of Texas at Austin (UT), has been employed for the direct determination of hydrogen content in a series of metal oxide materials typically used as cathodes in lithium ion battery systems. Special attention was given to the experimental setup including potential sources of error and system calibration for the detection of hydrogen. Spectral interference with hydrogen arising from cobalt was identified and corrected for. Limits of detection as a function of cobalt mass present in a given sample are also discussed. PGAA has proven to be a novel and precise technique for the determination of hydrogen in metal oxides. This type of investigation could provide valuable insight regarding the factors that limit the practical capacities of lithium ion oxide cathodes.
Automated machinability checking for CAD/CAM

The authors present a method to determine whether or not a part is machinable on a three-axis milling machine by consideration of tool motion. The method focuses on determining sets of candidate machining directions, called the basis set, and testing if the process plan generated from any particular set of machining directions succeeds in machining all of the part features. This constitutes a machinability test that can be used at design. The range of parts that are successfully handled include all simple polyhedrons and simple three-dimensional curved faces such as cylinders, cones, and spheres. >
Lu–Hf garnet geochronology applied to plate boundary zones: Insights from the (U)HP terrane exhumed within the Woodlark Rift

Abstract High-pressure and ultra high-pressure (U)HP metamorphic rocks occur in many of the world's major orogenic belts, suggesting that subduction of continental lithosphere is a geologically important process. Despite the widespread occurrence of these rocks, relatively little is known about the timescales associated with (U)HP metamorphism. This is because most (U)HP terranes are tectonically overprinted and juxtaposed against rocks with a different history. An exception to this are the Late Miocene (U)HP metamorphic rocks found in active metamorphic core complexes (MCC) in the Woodlark Rift of southeastern Papua New Guinea. This region provides a rare opportunity to study the garnet Lu–Hf isotopic record of (U)HP metamorphism in a terrane that is not tectonically overprinted. In order to constrain the timing of garnet growth relative to the history of (U)HP metamorphism and the evolution of the Woodlark Rift, Lu–Hf ages were determined, in conjunction with measurements of Lu and major element zoning, for garnets from three metamorphic rocks. Garnets from the three samples yielded different ages that, instead of recording the spatial and temporal evolution associated with a single metamorphic event, provide information on the timing of three separate plate boundary events. The youngest Lu–Hf age determined was 7.1 ± 0.7 Ma for garnets in a Late Miocene coesite eclogite. The age is interpreted to record the time when a garnet-bearing partial melt of the mantle crystallized within subducted continental lithosphere at (U)HP conditions. The young Lu–Hf age from the coesite eclogite is in contrast to a 68 ± 3.6 Ma Lu–Hf age obtained on large (1–2 cm) garnet porphyroblasts, from within the Pleistocene amphibolite facies shear zone carapace bounding exposures of (U)HP rocks in the D'Entrecasteaux Islands. This older age records the growth of garnet in response to continental subduction and ophiolite obduction in the region north and east of Australia during late Mesozoic/early Cenozoic time. In order to relate the (U)HP metamorphic rocks to the larger-scale tectonic evolution of the Woodlark Rift, a third Lu–Hf age of 11.2 ± 2.1 Ma was determined for dynamically recrystallized garnet from the southeastern margin of the rift. While the tectonic implications of the Lu–Hf age from the southeastern-rifted margin are not fully known, this result suggests that the eastern and western parts of the Woodlark Rift might have a different metamorphic history. The garnet Lu–Hf results demonstrate that prior to rifting, the Woodlark Rift underwent a complex history of metamorphism involving garnet growth and recrystallization. The ability of the Lu–Hf system to date Late Miocene garnet growth, and at the same time preserve Latest Cretaceous garnets within Pleistocene shear zones in the Woodlark Rift demonstrate that Lu–Hf garnet geochronology is an essential component of investigations where the primary objective is documenting and understanding the full range of plate boundary processes recorded in metamorphic minerals.
Legal and Psychological Bases of Expert Testimony: Surveys of the Law and of Jurors

This article reviews the basic rules of evidence and procedure that provide the basis for the introduction of expert testimony into court. Second, it reviews some of the findings of social psychology regarding expert testimony, primarily the ways in which the structure of society affects what information will reach the court and what is the readiness of the factfinder to deal with that information. Finally, it reports original data on jurors' assessments of a variety of witnesses (viz. physicians, psychiatrists, psychologists, chemists, document examiners, polygraph examiners, police, eyewitnesses, firearms experts, and accountants and appraisers). Jurors' differential assessments of the different experts and differences among juror subgroups are reported and some explanations for a few of those differences are tested. Language: en