cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Quantitative analysis of individual bile acids by gas-liquid chromatography: an improved method.

Summary The quantitative analysis of individual bile acids by gas-liquid chromatography has been improved by column oven temperature programming and by a new liquid phase, SP-2401. The method is fast; bile acids are well resolved; retention times are reproducible; detector responses are linear and sensitive to 0.1 pg; and there is little adsorption onto the liquid phase. The method has been successfully used for bile, and it has the potential for use on serum. The quantitative analysis of bile acids by GLC in the past has had two major deficiencies: (I) adsorption of bile acid derivatives on the column packing, which was not the same for each bile acid (1-10); and (2) long analysis times of 20 to 70 min (2,3,6,9- 12). The adsorption problem was not eliminated, but in 1971 Klaassen (13) did shorten the analysis time to 5 min. In this paper we report a method which eliminates the adsorption problem while retaining a short analysis time. We have accomplished this by using (I) a new liquid phase, SP-2401, a more thermally stable, more efficient, less viscous (14) version of OV-210; (2) temperature programming of the column oven; (3) a narrow diameter U-shaped glass column; and (4) a gas-liquid chromatograph with on-column injection ports and no transfer line from column exit to detector. Our method can accurately quantitate less than 0.1 pg of each bile acid injected onto the column. Abbreviations: GLC, gas-liquid chromatography; RI, retention time; R&, relative retention time; RWR, relative weight response; ID, inside diameter.
Balloon flight test of a Compton telescope based on scintillators with silicon photomultiplier readouts

Abstract We present the results of the first high-altitude balloon flight test of a concept for an advanced Compton telescope making use of modern scintillator materials with silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) readouts. There is a need in the fields of high-energy astronomy and solar physics for new medium-energy gamma-ray (~0.4–10 MeV) detectors capable of making sensitive observations of both line and continuum sources over a wide dynamic range. A fast scintillator-based Compton telescope with SiPM readouts is a promising solution to this instrumentation challenge, since the fast response of the scintillators permits both the rejection of background via time-of-flight (ToF) discrimination and the ability to operate at high count rates. The Solar Compton Telescope (SolCompT) prototype presented here was designed to demonstrate stable performance of this technology under balloon-flight conditions. The SolCompT instrument was a simple two-element Compton telescope, consisting of an approximately one-inch cylindrical stilbene crystal for a scattering detector and a one-inch cubic LaBr 3 :Ce crystal for a calorimeter detector. Both scintillator detectors were read out by 2×2 arrays of Hamamatsu S11828-3344 MPPC devices. Custom front-end electronics provided optimum signal rise time and linearity, and custom power supplies automatically adjusted the SiPM bias voltage to compensate for temperature-induced gain variations. A tagged calibration source, consisting of ~240 nCi of 60 Co embedded in plastic scintillator, was placed in the field of view and provided a known source of gamma rays to measure in flight. The SolCompT balloon payload was launched on 24 August 2014 from Fort Sumner, NM, and spent ~3.75 h at a float altitude of ~123,000 ft. The instrument performed well throughout the flight. After correcting for small (~10%) residual gain variations, we measured an in-flight ToF resolution of ~760 ps (FWHM). Advanced scintillators with SiPM readouts continue to show great promise for future gamma-ray instruments.
Abstract 15480: Racial Differences in Heart Transplant Recipients Bridged with LVAD Support

Background: Racial differences in long-term outcomes after heart transplant are well known. However, racial differences in outcomes among those bridged with LVAD support have not been characterized. We sought to examine the differences in mortality in this population. Methods: 3011 HT recipients bridged with LVAD support (exclusions included age Results: There were 3011 patients of which 31.9% were non-white. Ischemic cardiomyopathy (48% & 25%, W & NW respectively) and dilated cardiomyopathies (45% & 69%, W & NW respectively) were the most prevalent diagnoses. There were more women in the NW group. In addition, the NW group was associated with higher mean PAP, higher PCWP and higher cardiovascular mortality. Survival (1, 3, 5y) was: white (89, 82, 74%) & non-white (85, 76, 70%) (Figure 1, log rank p=0.006). Unadjusted HR for all-cause mortality was 1.29 (CI 1.07-1.55, p Conclusion: Survival of NW heart transplant recipients bridged with LVAD support was diminished compared to W patients in this cohort. This was associated with higher filling pressures and cardiovascular mortality. In addition, LVAD utilization between groups remained unchanged during the study period. Further study is warranted to understand and diminish the disparities in these groups.
Management and Prevention of Diabetic Complications

Type 2 diabetes is a chronic disease characterized by insulin resistance, impaired insulin secretion, and hyperglycemia. The long-term complications of diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, and accelerated atherosclerosis lead to significant morbidity in the form of preventable blindness, end-stage renal disease (ESRD), limb amputations, and premature cardiovascular disease (CVD) [1]. Although patients with diabetes suffer from the morbidity of their microvascular complications, the majority of them ultimately die from the complications of macrovascular coronary artery disease (CAD).
Supernormal Conduction and Suppression of Spatially Discordant Alternans of Cardiac Action Potentials.

Spatially discordant alternans (DA) of action potential durations (APD) is thought to be more pro-arrhythmic than concordant alternans. Super normal conduction (SNC) has been reported to suppress formation of DA. An increase in conduction velocity (CV) as activation rate increases, i.e. a negative CV restitution, is widely considered as hallmark of SNC. Our aim in this study is to show that it is not an increase in CV for faster rates that prevents formation of DA, rather, it is the ratio of the CV for the short relative to the long activation that is critical in DA suppression. To illustrate this subtlety, we simulated this phenomenon using two approaches; (1) by using the standard, i.e. S1S2 protocol to quantify restitution and disabling the slow inactivation gate j of the sodium current (INa), and (2) by using the dynamic, i.e. S1S1 protocol for quantification of restitution and increasing INa at different cycle lengths (CL). Even though both approaches produced similar CV restitution curves, DA was suppressed only during the first approach, where the CV of the short of the long-short action potential (AP) pattern was selectively increased. These results show that negative CV restitution, which is considered characteristic of SNC, per se, is not causal in suppressing DA, rather, the critical factor is a change in the ratio of the velocities of the short and the long APs.
A human GRPr-transfected Ace-1 canine prostate cancer model in mice

Background A versatile drug screening system was developed to simplify early targeted drug discovery in mice and then translate readily from mice to a dog prostate cancer model that more fully replicates the features of human prostate cancer. Methods We stably transfected human cDNA of the GRPr bombesin (BBN) receptor subtype to canine Ace-1 prostate cancer cells (Ace-1(huGRPr) ). Expression was examined by (125) I-Tyr(4) -BBN competition, calcium stimulation assay, and fluorescent microscopy. A dual tumor nude mouse xenograft model was developed from Ace-1(CMV) (vector transfected Ace-1) and Ace-1(huGRPr) cells. The model was used to explore the in vivo behavior of two new IRDye800-labeled GRPr binding optical imaging agents: 800-G-Abz4-t-BBN, from a GRPr agonist peptide, and 800-G-Abz4-STAT, from a GRPr antagonist peptide, by imaging the tumor mice and dissected organs. Results Both agents bound Ace-1(huGRPr) and PC-3, a known GRPr-expressing human prostate cancer cell line, with 4-13 nM IC50 against (125) I-Tyr(4) -BBN, but did not bind Ace-1(CMV) cells (vector transfected). Binding was blocked by bombesin. Ca(2+) activation assays demonstrated that Ace-1(huGPRr) expressed biologically active GRPr. Both Ace-1 cell lines grew in the flanks of 100% of the nude mice and formed tumors of ∼0.5 cm diameter in 1 week. In vivo imaging of the mice at 800 nm emission showed GRPr+: GRPr- tumor signal brighter by a factor of two at 24 h post IV administration of 10 nmol of the imaging agents. Blood retention (4-8% ID at 1 h) was greater by a factor >10 and cumulative urine accumulation (28-30% at 4 h) was less by a factor 2 compared to a radioactive analog of the t-BBN containing agent, (177) LuAMBA, probably due to binding to blood albumin, which we confirmed in a mouse serum assay. Conclusions The dual tumor Ace-1(CMV) /Ace-1(huGRPr) model system provides a rapid test of specific to nonspecific binding of new GRPr avid agents in a model that will extend logically to the known Ace-1 orthotopic canine prostate cancer model. Prostate 76:783-795, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
LMS NUST concurrent session impact and solution

Proliferation of E-Learning (electronic learning) in all levels of academic system implied the necessity of providing secure communication between users and communication channels. Threats surfaced after network and sharing technologies were used. Many attacks were made on the users. This is why it is crucial to identify threats to security goals: integrity (tampering with data), confidentiality (exposure of data) and authentication attacks (resource misuse), posed by lack of student awareness in the computer security and propose a viable solution as a countermeasure to these threats. The paper aims to introduce and identify concurrent session login as security vulnerability in Learning Management system (LMS) at NUST Islamabad. Technical core of LMS is one of the most widely used learning management systems. Evidence from practical and research domains along with survey results that demonstrate common practices in terms of credentials sharing and updates and its consequence on security of E-Learning systems LMS at NUST laid the foundation of this study. Study was completed with contribution of solution and its implementation to secure LMS installation at NUST.
Anisotropic Patch-Based Adaptive Mesh Refinement for Finite-Volume Methods

We propose an anisotropic, patch-based adaptive mesh refinement algorithm for the finite-volume method solving partial differential equations on Cartesian and mapped grids. For large flow gradients, such as shock waves and flame fronts, that are aligned with one grid direction, anisotropic refinement can provide a similar reduction in error using much less grid cells compared to isotropic refinement. To enable anisotropic refinement, additional logistics are needed to track anisotropic patches, and new operations for transferring data between patches of anisotropic refinement are introduced. In this study, we focus on developing these new operators associated with a single-level grid and explore the solutions to issues associated with the operators across grid levels. For example, methods for tagging regions for anisotropic refinement and modifications to the Berger-Rigoutsos grid generation algorithm are considered. The savings in cell count are expected to more than offset the extra program logistics. Validation of the anisotropic algorithm is achieved by comparison to the existing isotropic algorithm for an unsteady shock problem.
Population-Based Study of Epilepsy in Infants

Investigators at the Paediatric Neurology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, and other centers in the UK and USA carried out a population-based study of children, 1-24 months of age, with new-onset epilepsy, ascertained over 13 months from 15 boroughs of North London.
Quadrupole Noise in Turbulent Wake Interaction Problems

A 3-D model airframe noise interaction problem is proposed to investigate source term effects in different flow configurations. Simulations of the model problem were conducted to assess the relative importance of quadrupole noise. In these simulations, a cylinder is placed in the vicinity of the trailing edge of a NACA 0012 airfoil at incidence. LES is performed to compute the noise source field while the far-field noise is computed using a fast Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings solver with the ability to directly include quadrupole terms. 2-D results have shown that, for the flow parameters studied, the inclusion of quadrupole sources is necessary for reasonable agreement with direct noise predictions. 3-D simulations were run in this study to determine if the same finding holds for turbulent wake interactions between the bodies. The Reynolds number for these simulations was chosen to be high enough to ensure turbulent breakdown at the trailing edge of the airfoil and in the near wake of the cylinder. Several cases were run to parameterize the problem, including variations in Mach number as well as variations in gap spacing between the cylinder and airfoil. Results show that the effect of quadrupoles is much more pronounced in the presence of turbulence and excluding their contribution severely detriments acoustic predictions at the nominal Mach number of 0.3. At lower Mach number, as expected, the effect of quadrupoles is less severe but their exclusion still modifies the far-field radiation pattern significantly. Ongoing work is being performed to directly include the quadrupole terms in the acoustic analogy prediction as well as to evaluate possible errors introduced by commonly used porous surface analogy methods.
A Storage Rack for Insect Specimens Preserved in Liquids

Storage of insect specimens preserved in liquids has always created a problem. Designs of several different racks were presented by Peterson (1955) and Evans (1958). A rack is needed that can be constructed at a low cost, will hold a number of vials, provide easy access to the vials, and permit examination of labels without removing the vials. It is believed that the storage rack described here (figs. 1 and 2) meets all of these requirements. The Department of Entomology, Purdue University, has found this storage rack successful for storing insect specimens that are preserved in liquids (Chandler 1959).
Conjugal Union: Marriage and the Law

Two questions are central today in discussions of how the law should treat marriage. First, should the law continue to recognize marriage as essentially a relationship between a man and a woman, or should the norm of sexual complementarity be eliminated from the legal definition of marriage. Second, what stance should the law take on the issue of whether marriages are meant to be permanent? Some Arguments for Same-sex “Marriage” Marriage is not merely a private reality. If John and Sally get married, their marriage is publicly and legally recognized. In a great many ways, the political community will promote, protect, and encourage their relationship. But if Jim and Steve wish to get married, in most states, they will be unable to obtain a marriage license. Most states (and most nations) do not recognize same-sex “marriages.” We have argued that in reality, there is no such thing as a same-sex marriage, that marriage requires a man and a woman (plus other requirements, such as proper consent). So far, however, we have discussed only the moral and social reality of marriage. One might still claim that these positions about the moral and social nature of marriage should not be enshrined in civil law. So, should the political community grant marriage licenses to same-sex partners? We argue that it would be unjust and harmful for the state to do so and that the states should retain (or re-instate, as the case may be) the norm of sexual complementarity in defining marriage.
Prosthodontic treatment planning: current practice, principles, and techniques.

In this series of articles, the faculty of the University of Southern California New Odontic Seminar have taken the 25 years of documented treatment of sample patient "A.K." and used it as a foundation on which to base discussion of the concepts and technology that have developed in prosthodontic treatment planning. Each of the contributing authors was asked, "What are your thoughts retrospectively if you were to treat the patient A.K. in your practice today?" And, since all dentists are challenged with evidence-based treatment planning, each author was also asked "On what evidence in the literature do you base your treatment planning for patients who need prosthetic therapy?" Dentistry's experience with long-term success of endodontics, periodontics, and implant dentistry is expressed in the presentations discussing when an implant may be better suited for a prosthetic abutment than a restored tooth.
Depression at Treatment Initiation Predicts HIV Antiretroviral Adherence in Uganda

We examined the relationship between depression (symptom type, diagnostic severity, and change over time) and adherence to HIV antiretroviral therapy (ART) with data from 3 longitudinal studies (N = 1021) of patients starting ART in Uganda. The Patient Health Questionnaire was used to assess depressive symptoms (total score; somatic and cognitive subscales) and categorize severity level. At baseline, 9% had major depression and 30% had minor depression; 82% were adherent (reported no missed ART doses in the past 7 days) at month 6 and 85% at month 12. Controlling for demographic and medical covariates, multivariate random-effects logistic regression models revealed that change in depression was not related to adherence; however, baseline total depression symptoms and cognitive symptoms in particular as well as major and minor depression were significant predictors of adherence. These findings highlight the need for early identification and aggressive treatment of depression to optimize ART adherence.
Phase transformations in platinum silicide thin films

Platinum silicide thin films were prepared using DC magnetron sputtering at room temperature, 275°C and 350°C in order to study the phase transformation from amorphous to crystalline PtSi as well as the changes in film resistance in correlation to Pt composition and film structure. Platinum composition was controlled by placing Pt pellets on the Si sputtering target, film composition was determined via energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX), and structure was determined using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). Crystalline platinum silicide (PtSi) films form when platinum accounts for more than 40% of the atomic composition in the films. There is a shift in the preferred orientation of the PtSi crystal structure in the plane of the film surface with increased Pt concentration and deposition temperature which corresponds to a sharp decrease in the resistance of the films.
Making Classical and Hybrid (QM/MM) Molecular Dynamics Easy and Fast with QwikMD

“Everything that living things do can be understood in terms of jigglings and wigglings of atoms.” Richard Feynman's remarks in the early 1960's summarize what is today widely accepted, namely, that molecular processes can be described by the dynamics of biological molecules, therefore connecting protein function with protein dynamics. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, in this regard, is the major methodology employed in structural biology to explore the dynamical behavior of macromolecules. Although the use of MD simulations has consistently increased over the last decades, the barrier imposed by the initial learning curve of the MD packages is still high. To assist new users in overcoming this barrier, and to help the more advanced users to speed up tedious preparation steps, we developed QwikMD(1). This user-friendly program connects the widely used molecular graphics program VMD to the widely adopted MD program NAMD. Employing QwikMD, a user is able to setup an MD simulation in just a few minutes, allowing quick studies of point mutations, partial deletions or even atomic force microscopy experiments. Within the different modules of QwikMD, one can adopt a myriad of simulation protocols, from single protein in vacuum to hybrid QM/MM simulations. QwikMD makes it easy for a new user to perform MD simulations, while it also serves as a learning tool. Many “info buttons” provide the theoretical background underlying the MD procedures carried out in modern MD simulations.1. J. V Ribeiro et al., QwikMD — Integrative Molecular Dynamics Toolkit for Novices and Experts. Sci. Rep. 6, 26536 (2016).
Pulsed, controlled, frequency-chirped laser light at GHz detunings for atomic physics experiments

We have developed a means to control rapidly frequency-chirped laser light at large detuning, by controlling the input modulation frequency of a $$\sim$$ 7 GHz signal into an electro-optical phase modulator in an injection-locked laser system. We show that we can extend the capabilities of the system to effectively pulse the laser on timescales less than 3 ns by turning the injection lock on/off and create arbitrary frequency-chirp shapes on the laser on the tens of nanosecond time scales. We have been able to use this pulsed frequency-chirped laser to control the excitation of a thermal Rb gas via rapid adiabatic passage.
Recovery of the heat equation from a single boundary measurement

We prove that we can uniquely recover the coefficient of a one-dimensional heat equation from a single boundary measurement and provide a constructive procedure for its recovery. The algorithm is based on the well-known Gelfand–Levitan–Gasymov inverse spectral theory of Sturm–Liouville operators.
Comment on “Molecular and neural basis of contagious itch behavior in mice”

Yu et al . (Reports, 10 March 2017, p. 1072) state that contagious itch occurs in mice based on imitative scratching in normal mice observing excessive scratching in genetically modified demonstrator mice. However, despite employing multiple behavioral analysis approaches, we were unable to extend these findings to normal mice observing the well-established histamine model of acute itch in demonstrator mice.
The impact of molecular subtype on breast cancer recurrence in young women treated with contemporary adjuvant therapy.

Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in women younger than 40 years. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) positive subtypes have a particularly poor prognosis in this age group. The purpose of this study was to compare rates of recurrence among breast cancer subtypes in young patients treated with modern adjuvant systemic therapy. A retrospective review of breast cancer patients managed at a major academic breast center between May 2000 and November 2014 was performed. We included 239 women with breast cancer who were diagnosed and treated at age ≤40 years. Clinical, pathological, therapeutic, and outcome data were recorded. Patients were classified into the following molecular subtypes: luminal A/B (estrogen receptor [ER] positive and/or progesterone receptor [PR] positive, and HER2 negative), luminal/HER2 (ER positive and/or PR positive, and HER2 positive), HER2- enriched (ER negative, PR negative, and HER2 positive) and TNBC (ER negative, PR negative, and HER2 negative). Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the study cohort. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to estimate recurrence-free survival (RFS). Median follow-up time was 29 months. Mean age was 34.5 years. Among all patients, 193 (80.8%) were diagnosed with Invasive breast cancer and 46 (19.2%) with ductal carcinoma in situ with or without microinvasion. Subclassification into molecular subtypes was complete for 199 patients among which, 50.7% were classified as luminal A/B, 21.1% luminal/HER2, 12.1% HER2-enriched and 16.1% TNBC. Of the 199 patients, 25.1% received neo-adjuvant chemotherapy and 59.2% received adjuvant chemotherapy. Among HER2-positive patients, 81.3% received HER2 directed therapy. Twenty-eight patients (11.7%) had recurrences (13 loco-regional, seven distant, and eight both). At 3 years, the HER2 subtype had the highest RFS 100%, compared to 91.1% in luminal A/B, 85.6% in luminal/HER2 and 81.9% in TNBC. In comparing outcomes among subtypes, the HER2 positive subtype was associated with improved RFS, likely reflecting the impact of HER2 directed therapy. Those young patients with triple-negative subtype continued to have the poorest outcomes.
Combining Crystal Structure and Interaction Topology for Interpreting Functional Molecular Solids: A Study of Theophylline Cocrystals

The acoustic frequency distributions, mechanical moduli, and crystal structures for theophylline (THY) and three cocrystals are combined to illustrate how supramolecular organization and interaction topology contribute to the compaction performance of molecular solids. A novel solid form of THY, a cocrystal with 4-fluoro-3-nitrobenzoic acid (FNBA), is reported. This material adopts a 2d-layered structure and has superior tabletability relative to THY. The improved plasticity for THY–FNBA was further corroborated by Heckel analysis with THY–FNBA displaying a reduced yield pressure (Py) relative to theophylline. The performance of THY–FNBA was further compared to a structurally similar theophylline cocrystal with acetaminophen (THY–APAP). Despite structural similarity, their relative compaction performance was distinct. Powder Brillouin light scattering (p-BLS) was used as an experimental measure of the interaction topologies of these materials, and through this approach, the interlayer interaction strength...
Robust cooperative adaptive cruise control design and implementation for connected vehicles

Cooperative adaptive cruise control (CACC) is a developing technology that achieves reduced inter-vehicle distance following in order to increase roadway capacity. CACC provides much lower headway values than adaptive cruise control (ACC) or human drivers can; however, this relies on real-time acceleration data, which inherently has inexact timing. In order to implement a string stable CACC platoon following scheme, meaning that disturbances are attenuated down the stream of the platoon of vehicles, while also overcoming the inherent challenges of wireless communication and uncertain internal model parameters, we design an H∞ controller that is robust to all aforementioned uncertainties. We implement this controller on a laboratory-scale test bed with an anti-windup compensation scheme and particularly show that the controller design is able to account for communication shortcomings.
Visual Cortical Models of Orientation Tuning

The primary visual cortex V1 finds local stimulus features in the neural image of the visual scene sent to V1 from the retina. There are various computational models for V1 that seek to explain its visual functions in terms of its architecture and connections. The feed-forward model simply uses the pattern of inputs to the cortex; while this model explains orientation preference, it cannot explain orientation selectivity. Recurrent excitation models account for selectivity but do not explain how there are both simple and complex cells in V1. Models that include strong corticocortical inhibition explain most of the important functions of V1, such as feature selectivity, and also the diverse populations of simple and complex cells.
Variance Groups and the Structure of Mixed Polytopes

The natural mixing construction for abstract polytopes provides a way to build a minimal common cover of two regular or chiral polytopes. With the help of the chirality group of a polytope, it is often possible to determine when the mix of two chiral polytopes is still chiral. By generalizing the chirality group to a whole family of variance groups, we can explicitly describe the structure of the mix of two polytopes. We are also able to determine when the mix of two polytopes is invariant under other external symmetries, such as duality and Petrie duality.
Opportunities and Challenges of Implementing Predictive Analytics for Competitive Advantage

The past few years have seen an explosion in the business use of analytics. Corporations around the world are using analytical tools to gain a better understanding of their customer's needs and wants. Predictive analytics has become an increasingly hot topic in analytics landscape as more companies realize that predictive analytics enables them to reduce risks, make intelligent decisions, and create differentiated customer experiences. As a result, predictive analytics deployments are gaining momentum. Yet, the adoption rate is slow, and organizations are only beginning to scratch the surface in regards to the potential applications of this technology. Implemented properly, the business benefits can be substantial. However, there are strategic pitfalls to consider. The key objective of this article is to propose a conceptual model for successful implementation of predictive analytics in organizations. This article also explores the changing dimensions of analytics, highlights the importance of predictive analytics, identifies determinants of implementation success, and covers some of the potential benefits of this technology. Furthermore, this study reviews key attributes of a successful predictive analytics platform and illustrates how to overcome some of the strategic pitfalls of incorporating this technology in business. Finally, this study highlights successful implementation of analytics solutions in manufacturing and service industry.
Emergent multiplicities of self- and other-construction in Korean workplace-based television dramas

Abstract The Korean language contains a complexly intricate system of self- and other- reference marking that serves to designate multiple aspects of socio-cultural symmetry and asymmetry involving speakers, addressees, hearers, overhearers, and referents. In this article, we use a database of TV workplace-based contexts and analyze the intricately creative ways in which interactants position themselves vis a vis their interlocutors, with fine-grained, incrementally gauged bits of gap-creating and gap-effacing discourse, through the use or non-use of honorific markings We demonstrate, through an appeal to Positioning Theory and Indexicality that these fine-grained linguistic indicators of emergent multiplicities of self-and other-construction serve as metaphorical scalar points on the sociometer of interpersonal interaction. We uncover discursive tension within these interactional contexts whereby informal interpersonal relationships leak into the more formal workplace background. Having used data based on a workplace environment, we find elements of language choice that index the intrinsic institutional hierarchy, in addition to discursive features that index other aspects of the relationships, such as prior acquaintance, as well as varying degrees of intimacy, expertise, sarcasm, coercion, and so forth.
Invasive Mechanical Ventilation

Invasive mechanical ventilation is a potentially lifesaving intervention for acutely ill patients. The goal of this review is to provide a concise, clinically focused overview of basic invasive mechanical ventilation for the many clinicians who care for mechanically ventilated patients. Attention is given to how common ventilator modes differ in delivering a mechanical breath, evaluation of respiratory system mechanics, how to approach acute changes in airway pressure, and the diagnosis of auto-positive end-expiratory pressure. Waveform interpretation is emphasized throughout the review.
Generating Synthetic Passenger Data through Joint Traffic-Passenger Modeling and Simulation

Real passenger data available to city planners are usually incomplete. The goal of our work is to generate synthetic passenger data using a novel methodology that leverages joint traffic-passenger modeling and simulation on a city scale. A demonstration of such an idea in generating synthetic bus passenger data was implemented. Specifically, we 1) learned a bus passenger demand model from indirect people-mobility data to generate bus passenger demand samples, and we 2) developed a bus passenger behavior model, which runs jointly with a traffic simulator (SUMO), to generate synthetic bus passenger data. We applied the proposed methodology for a case study of Porto city, Portugal. The synthetic bus passenger data presents significant similarity in terms of spatial-temporal distributions to the real-world bus passenger data collected by the bus automated fare collection (AFC) system in Porto.
Towards a Measurement Scale for Digital Social Innovation: A Responsibility-Sustainability Framework

The role of digital social innovation (DSI) factors linking socially responsible business climate to sustainable performance outcomes in hospitality and tourism businesses has been understudied. This paper introduces digital social innovation within the theoretical framework of relationships between organizational responsibility and sustainable business performance. Using Churchill’s (1979) recommended approach for measurement scale development, the study reports preliminary scale purification results of DSI measures. The paper is among the first contributions to hospitality and tourism scholarship which explore conceptualization, measurement and application of DSI. Implications and next steps for the wider research study on responsibility-DSI-sustainability are presented.
Evaluation of anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy after iliocaval stenting: Factors associated with stent occlusion

Abstract Objective Iliocaval stenting has gained increased use over recent years for a variety of indications, including May-Thurner syndrome (MTS), post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS), and acute deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Methods A retrospective review of 155 patients undergoing iliocaval venous stenting at a large teaching hospital was performed. Clinical and procedural data, mode and duration of anticoagulation or antiplatelet therapy, and outcomes were recorded. Results Forty-five patients were treated for MTS, 49 for PTS. and 61 for acute DVT. The median follow-up was 19 months (interquartile range, 9-30 months). Primary patency rates were 97.8% in the MTS group, 85.7% in PTS, and 85.2% for the acute DVT group. Stent restenosis or occlusion occurred in one patient with MTS (2.2%), seven patients with PTS (14%), and nine patients with acute DVT (15%). An ipsilateral DVT recurred in 7 patients with PTS (14%) and 15 patients with acute DVT (25%). The stents that occluded had a tendency toward longer length (162.2 vs 125.2 mm; P = NS) and extension into the common femoral vein (18.8 vs 5.3%; P = NS). The patent stent group had statistically larger nominal diameter stents (P = .013). The duration of anticoagulation did not seem to be a significant factor in stent patency. Conclusions Stent diameter has a significant influence on iliocaval stent patency rates.
HUBUNGAN BOBOT BADAN DAN PRODUKSI SUSU KAMMBIG PERANAKAN ETAWA (PE)

The aim of this study was to determine how much the relationship of body weight and goat milk production of PE. This research was carried out at the Regional Technical Implementation Unit (UPTD) of Wonggahu Livestock Development in April to May 2017. The variables observed were body weight and goat milk production of PE. Number of PE goats studied by 30 tail. The data obtained were analyzed using simple regression by and simple correlation analysis by. The results showed that the average body weight of goat PE was 41.2 kg/head/day with milk production of 0.339 liter/head/day. The relationship of body weight and goat milk production of PE is strong with a correlation value of 0.691 with a coefficient of determination of 0.477. Contribution of body weight to goat milk milk production of 47.7% and the remaining 52.3% influenced by other factors not examined. the regression equation of body weight with goat milk production of PE is Y= 0,316 + 0,001 X + e.
Chapter 22 – Human Senescence

Senescence can be defined as age-related, deleterious changes that result in the reduced probability of reproduction and increased likelihood of death. The evolution of human senescence can be explained by reference to the brief life expectancy of our ancestors. The deleterious alleles that currently cause degeneration and disease during our long years of postreproductive life were infrequently expressed in our evolutionary and historical past. Because those alleles were rarely expressed, they were not exposed to the forces of natural selection. Three theories of senescence are described, along with theories that address the evolution of female postreproductive life.
Fetal inflammatory response syndrome and neonatal brain diseases

Fetal inflammatory response syndrome is a sub-clinical state that cause fetal immune system could be activated and released large amounts of proinflammatory cytokines.Either caused by infection of factors such as chorioamnionitis, fetal sepsis or non-infectious factors such as asphyxia, chronic lack of oxygen, which are likely to cause neurological damage in preterm or full-term children .This article reviewed the progress on the mechanism of neonatal encephalopathy caused by fetal inflammatory response syndrome. Key words: Fetal inflammatory response syndrome; Neonatal encephalopathy; Pathogenesis
Deep Reinforcement Learning amidst Lifelong Non-Stationarity.

As humans, our goals and our environment are persistently changing throughout our lifetime based on our experiences, actions, and internal and external drives. In contrast, typical reinforcement learning problem set-ups consider decision processes that are stationary across episodes. Can we develop reinforcement learning algorithms that can cope with the persistent change in the former, more realistic problem settings? While on-policy algorithms such as policy gradients in principle can be extended to non-stationary settings, the same cannot be said for more efficient off-policy algorithms that replay past experiences when learning. In this work, we formalize this problem setting, and draw upon ideas from the online learning and probabilistic inference literature to derive an off-policy RL algorithm that can reason about and tackle such lifelong non-stationarity. Our method leverages latent variable models to learn a representation of the environment from current and past experiences, and performs off-policy RL with this representation. We further introduce several simulation environments that exhibit lifelong non-stationarity, and empirically find that our approach substantially outperforms approaches that do not reason about environment shift.
Reflections: Personal and Institutional, On the Past and Future Southeastern Association of Law Schools

This essay appears with a collection of papers reflecting on the history and changing role of the South Eastern Law Schools Association. In my contribution I provide a context for the SEALS in the world of legal education. Legal education came into the university in the late 19th century. From the outset it was rather awkward, Janus faced with an allegiance to the legal profession and an emerging commitment to the scholarly ideals of the university. The tension has remained. The value of SEALS has been to provide a forum for a scholarly community to share ideas and enjoy the fruits of the life of the mind. In this piece I provide a description of the life and times of SEALS. This requires a framework for considering the value of SEALS as it sails into the future. I make some comparisons with the Association of American Law Schools. The forces of the history of legal education in the republic are set forth to give a sense of how it may function as a kind of learned society. But I venture to say that nothing is certain. The tensions noted remain and potentially undermine the legal education endeavor. In particular financial rigors of the last decade has reduced the social capital of law schools that a well-functioning SEALS may help restore.
Environmental impacts and environmental justice implications of supplementary cementitious materials for use in concrete

As the second most used material after water and the producer of 8-9% of anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, concrete is a key target for environmental sustainability efforts. Of these efforts, a main focus has been the use of industrial byproducts as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) to replace some of the cement binder, the source of most of the GHG emissions from concrete production. As byproducts, these SCMs are frequently assumed to have limited or no emissions from production. Our goal is to see if this assumption should continue to drive mitigation efforts and to arrive at a clearer understanding of the contribution of SCMs to the environmental impacts of concrete. Needing further examination are: (1) how environmentally beneficial SCMs are if some of the primary process impacts are attributed to them rather than considering them waste products; (2) whether transporting SCMs creates greater environmental impacts than the materials they are replacing; and (3) whether location of primary processes that result in SCMs as well as location of concrete production creates particular burdens on lower income and minority communities. This work focuses on three of the most common industrial byproduct SCMs, namely silica fume, fly ash, and ground granulated blast furnace slag, exploring both GHG and particulate matter emissions. We show that allocation of impacts from primary processes dramatically increases emissions attributed to SCMs. High levels of transportation of fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag typically do not result in these SCMs having higher GHG emissions than a 95% clinker-content Portland cement. We find that SCMs may be produced in areas with low income or minority populations then used to lower GHG emissions concrete in another location. As such, beyond common environmental impact assessment methods, the role of environmental justice should be incorporated into impact assessments.
Prediction of Political Leanings of Chinese Speaking Twitter Users.

This work presents a supervised method for generating a classifier model of the stances held by Chinese-speaking politicians and other Twitter users. Many previous works of political tweets prediction exist on English tweets, but to the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that builds prediction model on Chinese political tweets. It firstly collects data by scraping tweets of famous political figure and their related users. It secondly defines the political spectrum in two groups: the group that shows approvals to the Chinese Communist Party and the group that does not. Since there are not space between words in Chinese to identify the independent words, it then completes segmentation and vectorization by Jieba, a Chinese segmentation tool. Finally, it trains the data collected from political tweets and produce a classification model with high accuracy for understanding users' political stances from their tweets on Twitter.
Inferring grain boundary structure–property relations from effective property measurements

Grain boundaries strongly affect many materials properties in polycrystalline materials. However, very few structure–property models exist for grain boundaries, due in large part to the complicated and poorly understood way in which the properties of grain boundaries vary with their crystallographic structure. In the present work, we infer grain boundary structure–property correlations from measurements of the effective properties of a polycrystal. We refer to this approach as grain boundary properties localization. We apply this technique to a simple model system of grain boundary diffusivity in a two-dimensional microstructure, and infer the properties of low- and high-angle grain boundaries from the effective diffusivity of the grain boundary network. The generalization and use of these methods could greatly reduce the computational and experimental effort required to establish structure–property correlations for grain boundaries. More broadly, the technique of properties localization could be used to infer the properties of many microstructural constituents in complex microstructures.
Curricular Reform and the Changing Social Role of Public Higher Education in Costa Rica.

This paper traces how various dominant social, economic, and political philosophies are played out in debate over and changes in the general studies curriculum at the University of Costa Rica. This investigation reveals a close link between dominant ideologies and the general studies curriculm. Specifically, the general studies program implemented in the 1970s which emphasized teaching about national problems and social responsibility, is currently being challenged by neoliberal policies and perceived competition from private universities. Latin American universities have traditionally served as battlegrounds of competing social, political, and economic philosophies. The debate over general studies serves as a unique opportunity to observe how competing social roles of higher education are played out in the university setting. The author concludes that the debate over general studies is really about the role and status of the University of Costa Rica in an environment thatvalues privatization; individual, as opposed to societal, benefit from higher education; and professions such as management.
Factors Affecting the Synthesis and Degradation of Ribulose-1,5-Diphosphate Carboxylase in Hydrogenomonas facilis and Hydrogenomonas eutropha

Ribulose-1, 5-diphosphate carboxylase synthesis and degradation in hydrogenemonas facilis and hydrogenemonas eutropha, noting effects of aeration, ferric chloride and oxygen tension
An optimized and unified system for FPGA power-up validation to minimize post-silicon cycling time

Power-up validation is a critical process in R&D of FPGA, since it will determine if a FPGA can work correctly at the very first step of operation. Power-up validation includes 4 separate blocks. Testing each block one by one couldn't meet today's short time-to market requirement for a new product. In this paper, an optimized and unified system is proposed to perform validation for all power-up items. The validation efficiency was improved by several times comparing to the traditional approach. The experimental results indicate nearly 90% test time can be saved for the power-up validation.
MRI Studies in Late-Life Mood Disorders

There are well-established patterns of structural brain changes associated with aging. The change in brain volume with age and with the diseases of aging presents a particular challenge for MRI studies in the elderly. Structural MRI is important for studies in normal aging, late-life depression, dementia, Alzheimer disease and other cognitive disorders to examine how age-associated changes in neuroanatomy are associated with specific age-related changes in brain function. Functional MRI has been a major advance for the fields of cognitive and affective neuroscience by allowing investigators to test theories of the underlying neural pathways controlling cognitive and emotional processes. In this chapter, we will review the contribution of MRI studies to late-life mood and anxiety disorders: major depression, bipolar disorder and anxiety disorders in late-life.