cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The distribution and seasonal characteristics of benthic communities on the Amazon shelf as indicators of physical processes

Abstract Characteristics of the benthic biological community at 11 stations on the Amazon continental shelf indicate strong seasonal and spatial patterns that covary with shelf-wide physical processes. Faunal abundances, size-frequency distributions, functional groupings and depths of burrowing and feeding respond to local depositional and erosional events that vary over time scales of several months, possibly less, as well as to shelf-wide seasonal changes. During February–March, the period of rising to peak riverine discharge and maximum trade-wind stress, shelf-wide minima occur in the sizes, numbers and vertical distributions of benthos. These minima reflect maximum instability of the seabed and apparent turnover of at least the upper ∼1 m of the deposits. In contrast, from August to October, corresponding to periods of falling to low riverine discharge and minimum wind stress, there are large influxes of burrowing infauna (polychaetes reach densities up to ∼6700 m −2 off the river mouth), meiofauna become abundant (particularly juvenile macrofauna up to ∼10,000 individuals per 100 cm 2 ) and bacterial inventories increase up to two orders of magnitude relative to other periods (for example, 218 cells per 10 9 cm 2 vs 4.4 cells per 10 9 cm 2 over the upper 10 cm). The seabed appears to be most stable during falling to low flow, resulting in successful benthic recolonization. Superimposed on the significant shelf-wide seasonal variability are distinct nearshore to offshore and south to north trends in biological characteristics. Lack of sexually mature individuals indicates that it is unlikely that many of the macrofauna reproduce on this shelf. Epifauna are rare and suspension-feeding benthos are restricted to deeper-water stations off and to the south of the river mouth. As in other terrigenous tropical environments, bacterial biomass accounts for much of the total benthic biomass (up to ∼96%). Vertical and lateral distributions of sediment bacteria support the concept of rapid cross-shelf exchange and seasonal homogenization of surficial bottom sediments.
The Anomaly in the Response of Semiconductor Detectors

Preliminary investigation of the response to beta and alpha particles of silicon radiation detectors cooled to temperatures below 77/s=deg/ K has led to the discovery of an anomaly in the pulse height distribution which is a function of detector temperature. The pulse height and resolution of a P-I-N lithium-drift silicon detector shows a rapid decrease in the temperature interval of 40 - 35/s=deg/ K for electric fields up to the maximum of 4200 volts/cm used in this experiment. Lithium-drift detectors of the P+-I-N surface barrier configuration exhibit similar characteristics. Surface barrier detectors of resistivities in the range of 3000 ohm-cm exposed to beta particles exhibit a decrease in pulse height and resolution in the temperature interval of 30 - 15/s=deg/ K. With increasing bias voltage the pulse height tends towards the high temperature values but with degraded resolution. A detailed investigation of the response of a surface barrier detector to alpha particles shows an anomaly of the, same characteristics as the beta particle anomaly. In addition, the pulse height decreases at reduced bias voltages below approximately 14/s=deg/ K. A plausible explanation of the primary anomaly based on the analysis of Walter is discussed.
The Use of Cardiac Troponin-I (cTnI) to Determine the Incidence of Myocardial Ischemia and Injury in Patients with Aneurysmal and Presumed Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

A prospective single center study was performed to determine the minimal preoperative incidence of unrecognized cardiac injury in patients suffering aneurysmal and presumed aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). When caring for such patients in the pre- and post operative period clinicians must be aware of the possibility of cardiac injury even when a history of previous cardiac symptomatology is not present. Forty-seven consecutive patients suffering from SAH over a five-month period underwent serum measurements of the cardiac muscle marker troponin I (cTnI) immediately upon admission. Repeat studies, if possible, were done 24 hours later. EKG was performed in all patients and was available for review in 44 of the 47 cases. Echocardiography was performed in four of eight patients with elevated cTnI levels. Signs and symptoms relating to cardiac ischemia were recorded by the patients' physicians and nurses. Eight individuals (17%) had elevations in cardiac troponin I levels. Because surgical treatment is generally carried out as soon as possible following the hemorrhage, many patients with normal troponin I levels within twenty-four hours of their hemorrhage were operated upon before a repeat enzyme could be obtained or possibly before elevations could be recorded. In addition, a number of patients were referred to our center several days post-hemorrhage at a time when marker levels may have normalized. Therefore, the 17% incidence of elevated cTnI may be an underestimate. Only two of the eight patients had clinical abnormalities in cardiac function. Four patients with elevated levels had echocardiograms, three of which were abnormal. One additional patient died of a myocardial infarction before an echocardiogram could be obtained. EKG was abnormal in six of the seven patients with elevated troponin who had tracings available for review. Recordings consistent with recent myocardial ischemia were present in four of these. Of the 39 patients with negative troponin I levels, 37 had EKG available for review. None had recordings clearly consistent with recent myocardial ischemia although 13 were suggestive of ischemic changes. None of these 39 patients had pre- or post-operative clinical changes in cardiac function. Elevations in troponin I appeared to be unrelated to the patient's Hunt and Hess grade or Fisher score although our numbers were too small to draw any meaningful conclusions.
The Temperature Dependence of Ion Beam Mixing of Zr on A12O3

Three hundred angstrom Zr films were deposited on A12O3 substrates and irradiated with 300 keV Xe ions to a dose of 1 × 1016 /cm2. The irradiation was carried out at 77 K, 300 K (ambient temperature), and 800 K. Changes in the deposited film and the Zr-A12O3 interface were examined by comparing Rutherford backscattering spectra from irradiated and unirradiated regions of the samples. Ion beam induced reactions were observed at all three temperatures. The systematics of the temperature dependence of ion beam mixing are discussed.
An enhancer trap line identifies the Drosophila homolog of the L37a ribosomal protein.

Abstract A gene identified from an enhancer trap screen is shown to encode the Drosophila melanogaster homolog of the L37a ribosomal protein. The predicted 92 amino-acid sequence of this protein is 78% identical to mammalian L37a proteins, and contains a conserved CysX2CysX14CysX2Cys zinc finger motif that may be involved in interactions with ribosomal RNA. The Drosophila L37a homolog is a single copy gene comprised of four exons and is ubiquitously expressed throughout the animal. Cytological localization reveals that Drosophila L37a maps to position 25C1–3, very near the previously described Minute mutation M(2)25C.
A versatile spatial resolution enhancement method for data acquisition

While acquiring specific physical properties within a targeted area, spatial resolution of hardware is usually one of the major limitations that affects the precision of data acquisition. Though measured results with higher spatial resolution are always desired, adequate configuration of hardware setups sometimes implies higher cost or longer acquisition time. In this study, a versatile resolution enhancement method is proposed to improve the sampling resolution. An efficient algorithm is used to convert the lower-resolution data into higher-resolution approximation. Three different engineering applications are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. From the arithmetic results, the spatial sampling resolution can be greatly improved without trading-off the operating time.
A Mixed-Fidelity Approach to Technical Training

Approaches to training based on theory, proceduralization, and simulation are reviewed. The strengths of each approach are combined to produce a new method involving a mix of low, moderate, and high fidelity simulators. Applications of the mixed-fidelity approach to aircraft maintenance and marine engineering are discussed.
Investigating teachers’ beliefs about the utility of epistemic practices: a pilot study of a new assessment

Much current research has focused on epistemic beliefs of students. However, teachers’ epistemic practices are also important to study because they may influence students’ epistemic beliefs. The standards for justification for different content areas necessitate that teachers use diverse pedagogical practices designed to help students develop justification for what it is they think they know. The purpose of this study is to pilot a new instrument designed to assess teachers’ beliefs about the usefulness of different pedagogical practices designed to teach students how to provide justification. Data for this study were collected from both preservice and inservice teachers. Results show that the Likert-type items developed for this study produced scores that were both internally consistent and somewhat stable over time. Participants’ descriptions of effective pedagogical practices relating to justification are similar to those evidenced by Likert-type items.
Performance evaluation of a high-quality TDI-CCD color scanner

Abstract The camera design and performance evaluation of a high-quality TDI-CCD digital color scanner isdescribed. The camera head design, which has been described elsewhere [1, 2], is briefly overviewed.Scanner characteristics such as dark current, temperature effects, white field uniformity, color filters and filter wheel mechanical design, resolution and MTF, and noise at low signal levels are described. A companion paper [3] describes some other characteristics of this scanner. 1. Introduction This paper describes a high-quality TDI-CCD (time-delay-and-integration charge-coupled device) digital color scanner with an optical design similar to a darkroom enlarger. This camera provides high-resolution, wide dynamic range, and high color fidelity digitization of images for a variety of inputsources. Applications for this scanner include graphic art reproduction, publishing, art object archiving,geological survey map digitization, and medical X-ray photograph imaging. The hardware design of thiscamera has been described earlier [1, 2]. This paper starts with a brief overview of the camera design,and concentrates on the performance evaluation of this scanner.
Electrically and magnetically charged vortices in the Chern-Simons-Higgs theory

In this paper, we prove the existence of finite-energy electrically and magnetically charged vortex solutions in the full Chern–Simons–Higgs theory, for which both the Maxwell term and the Chern–Simons term are present in the Lagrangian density. We consider both Abelian and non-Abelian cases. The solutions are smooth and satisfy natural boundary conditions. Existence is established via a constrained minimization procedure applied on indefinite action functionals. This work settles a long-standing open problem concerning the existence of dually charged vortices in the classical gauge field Higgs model minimally extended to contain a Chern–Simons term.
4-1BB (CD137), an inducible costimulatory receptor, as a specific target for cancer therapy.

Although considerable progress has been made in understanding how tumors evade immune surveillance, measures to counter the same have not kept pace with the advances made in designing effective strategies. 4-1BB (CD137; TNFRS9), an activation-induced costimulatory molecule, is an important regulator of immune responses. Targeting 4-1BB or its natural ligand 4-1BB ligand (4-1BBL) has important implications in many clinical conditions, including cancer. In-depth analysis revealed that 4-1BB-mediated anti-cancer effects are based on its ability to induce activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), and among others, high amounts of IFN-γ. In this review, we will discuss the various aspects of 4-1BB-mediated anti-tumor responses, the basis of such responses, and future directions. [BMB Reports 2014; 47(3): 122-129]
Fabrication of polyimide bi-stable diaphragms using oxide compressive stresses for the field of 'Buckle MEMS'

In this paper we develop vacuum-actuated polyimide bi-stable actuators using buckled diaphragms for applications in the field of MEMS. The fabrication process involves a single mask step and DRIE etch step to fabricate the buckled bi-stable diaphragms. Compressive stresses in a companion thermal oxide layer provide pre-stress in the polyimide mechanical films that initiates diaphragm buckling upon release. Pressure was used to actuate these polyimide diaphragms from their first stable state to their second stable state, resulting in 'zero electrical power' actuation. The buckling height of the polyimide diaphragms is approximately 7.6 µm with an actuation pressure of 41 kPa, which compares favorably with model predictions assuming effective diaphragm properties for a single layer. These polyimide diaphragms can be used as the fundamental building blocks in micro-pumps, micro-valves, switches and optical devices. Because of their bi-stable nature, they can also be used for applications in mechanical memory storage.
Touristic authenticity, touristic angst and modern reality

The tourist has become the symbol of a peculiarly modern type of inauthenticity. This paper explores the criticisms that have been directed at the “reality experiences” of the tourist. In so doing, the following inexhaustive typology of “touristic realities” is developed: 1) the first-order or “true tourist,” 2) the second-order or “Angst-ridden tourist,” 3( the third-order or “anthropological tourist,” and 4) the fourth-order or “spiritual tourist.” Each of these types represents a progressively more intense search for “reality” through travel. Each is, however, criticized for participating in its own form of inauthenticity. After exploring the “reality experiences” and criticisms of each of these travellers, the paper turns the tables on the “cultured despisers” of tourism to argue that perhaps the lowly first-order tourist is not so inauthentic after all. True, this traveller may not be having a “real” heroic adventure, but such is not the goal. Rather, the reality experienced by the first-order tourist is a pleasurable liberation from the normal concerns of everyday life which simultaneously reaffirms commitment to that reality. Quite frequently the first-order tourist is less concerned about having a “real” experience in the visited place than in experiencing family and friendship relationships-relationships completely ignored by the “anti-touristic tourists” in their search for authenticity in someone else's “reality.”
Affective sustainable landscapes and care ecologies: getting a real feel for alternative food communities

This paper examines some of the more-than-representational knowledge that underpins food systems. As argued, it is not enough to know what sustainability is. We have to, literally, be able to feel (care for, taste, practice…) it. The author begins by drawing upon interviews with food scientists, food advertisers and marketers, and executives from the food industry. Interviews with individuals from the food manufacturing industry reveal numerous tensions routinely grappled with by those actors as they attempted to make the industrial food system appear unproblematic and its wares desirable. The value of these data becomes particularly clear when triangulated with those presented in the paper’s second half, where the author discusses some of the findings of research projects still underway—case studies of food-based community activism in Chicago and Denver (USA). The data collectively suggest the existence of a class of “barriers” that the literature—and many activists and practitioners—miss but which must be overcome if we hope to see a diversification of foodscapes. These constraints speak specifically to more-than-representational visceralities that buttress industrial food and the system from whence they come—what the author calls “affective barriers”. The paper argues (social) bodies need to be “retuned” to the tastes, cares, textures, and practices associated with alternatives to the (food) status quo and offers examples of how this is already being done.
Range of Fragipan Expression in Some Michigan Soils

Many of Michigan's loamy soils exhibit varying degrees of fragipan expression, which may be variously influenced by their parent materials. We examined three soils in northern Michigan with varying degrees of fragipan expression to assess development of fragipans formed in acidic and calcareous glacial drift. To accomplish this, soil characterizations were made through field, physical, chemical, and micromorphological observations and analyses. The soils have bisequal horizonation: an upper sequum associated with podzolization processes and lower sequum associated with lessivage. Protofragipans and fragipans are found only in the lower sequum. The soils experience periodic episaturation and contain at least one lithologic discontinuity, often near the protofragipan or fragipan. The protofragipan and fragipans have loamy sand to loam textures, weak platy to subangular blocky structure, higher bulk densities (1.5-1.9 g cm -3 ) and lower pH values (4.8-6.8) than adjacent horizons, brittle failure, and fine vesicular pores. Eluvial protofragipan and fragipan horizons contain albic materials that tongue into underlying argillic horizons. Illuvial fragipans exhibit clay coats, flows, and bridging. Thin-section characterizations confirm the presence of closely packed fabrics, intergrain bridging by clays, and void pedofeatures. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) provides evidence of eluviation, reorganization of silt and clay, fluctuating redox conditions, degraded void pedofeatures, and the presence of surficially amorphous (bonding) materials in the protofragipan and fragipans. Soil extraction data do not preclude the presence of a fragic-property (brittleness) agent. Results, therefore, indicate that these protofragipans and fragipans are pedogenic and can form, with variable expression, in both acidic and calcareous glacial parent materials.
Dinitrogen Complexes of Bis(cyclopentadienyl) Titanium Derivatives: Structural Diversity Arising from Substituent Manipulation

Dinitrogen coordination to a family of bis(cyclopentadienyl)titanium sandwich complexes, (η5-C5Me4R)2Ti (R = alkyl, aryl, silyl), has been systematically evaluated by in situ solution infrared spectroscopy. The maximum temperature of N2 coordination (Tmax) has been determined as a function of cyclopentadienyl substituent and has been correlated with the structural type (monomer or dimer) of the resulting dinitrogen complex. The electronic properties of each titanium sandwich complex were assessed by infrared spectroscopy of the dicarbonyl derivatives and by the oxidation potentials of the corresponding ferrocenes, (η5-C5Me4R)2Fe. From these data, the thermodynamic preferences for N2 coordination have been established and they increase with smaller, electropositive substituents.
Noise factor and gain of a near-infrared sensitive hybrid detector for use in communications

We have measured the noise factor and the gain of a high gain, low noise, large area hybrid detector for use at near infrared wavelengths (850-900 nm). The detector consists of an image intensifier tube optically coupled to a photomultiplier tube. Pulseheight analysis techniques enabled us to observe single photoelectron and dark electron events. We acquired pulseheight distributions using a pulseheight analysis system we designed based on a spectroscopy preamplifier and a spectroscopy amplifier/gated integrator with variable integration time. From these distributions we calculated noise factor and gain for the combined detector as well as its individual components. We found that the noise factors ranged from 1.89 at 5 kY bias to 1.64 at 9 kY bias. The gain also depended on the bias voltage with a maximum of 8x106 PMT anode electrons for every electron from the intensifier's photocathode at 9 kY bias. We compared our results to those obtained using conventional techniques and found that pulseheight analysis is a valid and useful method for characterizing devices.
William Bateson from Balanoglossus to Materials for the study of variation: the transatlantic roots of discontinuity and the (un)naturalness of selection.

William Bateson (1861–1926) has long occupied a controversial role in the history of biology at the turn of the twentieth century. For the most part, Bateson has been situated as the British translator of Mendel or as the outspoken antagonist of W.␣F. R. Weldon and Karl Pearson’s biometrics program. Less has been made of Bateson’s transition from embryologist to advocate for discontinuous variation, and the precise role of British and American influences in that transition, in the years leading up to the publication of his massive Materials for the Study of Variation (1894). In this paper, I first attempt to trace Bateson’s development in his early career before turning to search for the development of the moniker “anti-Darwinist” that has been attached to Bateson in well-known histories of the neo-Darwinian Synthesis.
Reaction of the isomers of Feist's ester (dimethylmethylenecyclopropane-2,3-dicarboxylate) with diiron enneacarbonyl

Abstract The reaction of diiron enneacarbonyl with the isomers of Feist's ester leads first to the formation of the corresponding iron tetracarbonyl olefin complexes, and then predominantly to the cleavage of the strained sp2sp3 bond of the three-membered ring. This cleavage is followed by a stereospecific series of reactions leading eventually to diene—iron tricarbonyl complexes of dimethyl cis- and trans-1,3-butadiene-1,2-dicarboxylate. A minor pathway involves cleavage of the sp3sp3 ring bond, and leads to the diiron species (IV). Photochemically, the iron complexes follow rather different pathways, the cis isomer giving products paralleling the thermal products, while the trans isomer gives a new product tentatively assigned an acyl (π-allyl) structure.
Core and Satellite: Implementation Issues

This is the second part of the author9s article on core and satellite portfolio structure and focuses on implementation. Key issues include the choice of a core equity strategy, the desired allocation to active risk, and the satellite strategies used to pursue active returns. The author proposes a framework for integrating investment and investor-specific tax considerations into the allocation across equity risk, interest rate risk, and active risk. Four different types of satellite strategies are considered. They vary in their mix of active risk and equity beta. For each strategy, the framework allows for the calculation of an “information ratio hurdle.” This is the minimum gross information ratio the investor must expect from an active manager in order to justify an allocation to a satellite strategy. The required information ratio seems to be lowest for market-neutral strategies and highest for those satellites that mix a small amount of active risk with a high equity beta.
Elongational Viscosity Measurements of Melting American Process Cheese

The elongational viscosity of melting process American cheese of two commercial brands was determined by compression tests at various temperatures in the range 36–62°C. The elongational viscosity determined at low strain rates (0.01–0.04 sec-1) had little or no rate dependency in one brand and a moderate dependency in the other. Plots of log viscosity vs reciprocal of the absolute temperature indicated that both Arrhenius' and the WLF models failed to accurately account for the cheese melts temperature dependency and that the differences between the types of cheeses could be expressed in whether the plots had upward or downward curvature. Comparison with the Schreiber meltability index demonstrated that although the latter was associated with viscosity, it could not account for different flow rates at different temperatures.
Amine‐Tethered Solid Adsorbents Coupling High Adsorption Capacity and Regenerability for CO2 Capture From Ambient Air

Silica supported poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI) materials are prepared via impregnation and demonstrated to be promising adsorbents for CO2 capture from ultra-dilute gas streams such as ambient air. A prototypical class 1 adsorbent, containing 45 wt % PEI (PEI/silica), and two new modified PEI-based aminosilica adsorbents, derived from PEI modified with 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (A-PEI/silica) or tetraethyl orthotitanate (T-PEI/silica), are prepared and characterized by using thermogravimetric analysis and FTIR spectroscopy. The modifiers are shown to enhance the thermal stability of the polymer-oxide composites, leading to higher PEI decomposition temperatures. The modified adsorbents present extremely high CO2 adsorption capacities under conditions simulating ambient air (400 ppm CO2 in inert gas), exceeding 2 mol kgsorbent−1, as well as enhanced adsorption kinetics compared to conventional class 1 sorbents. The new adsorbents show excellent stability in cyclic adsorption–desorption operations, even under dry conditions in which aminosilica adsorbents are known to lose capacity due to urea formation. Thus, the adsorbents of this type can be considered promising materials for the direct capture of CO2 from ultra-dilute gas streams such as ambient air.
Clinical use of combined positron emission tomography and computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) in recurrent ovarian cancer

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of co-registered PET/CT using F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) for surveillance and follow-up of ovarian cancer patients to detect recurrent disease. Material and methods A retrospective chart review was performed on 39 ovarian cancer patients who underwent a total of 59 FDG-PET/CT scans. The following information was obtained: clinical indication for FDG-PET/CT, the results of FDG-PET/CT particularly with regard to the additional diagnostic information, the localization of disease and subsequent clinical patient management. Results Twenty-four FDG-PET/CT were performed in 22 patients with previously negative or indeterminate CT scans but rising CA-125 levels providing a sensitivity of 90% for localizing disease. Nine FDG-PET/CT in 8 patients with clinical symptoms of recurrence but normal CA-125 levels detected all three patients who had recurrent disease confirmed within 6 months of follow-up. In addition, 4 FDG-PET/CT performed as routine follow-up with no clinical evidence of recurrent disease were true-negative in all cases. Fourteen FDG-PET/CT in 12 patients with recurrent disease already identified by conventional CT imaging were useful in guiding treatment decisions such as radiation therapy, surgery or chemotherapy by confirming the recurrence and more precisely localizing the site(s) of disease. Of note, FDG-PET/CT helped to avoid surgery in four patients who had additional disease detected in unresectable anatomic areas. A total of 51 FDG-PET/CT were performed in the patients described above with an overall sensitivity and specificity of 94.5% and 100%, respectively. Eight FDG-PET/CT scans in five patients performed for assessment of treatment response following chemotherapy or radiation were useful as the disease was not clearly visualized by conventional CT imaging at baseline. Conclusions In our experience, FDG-PET/CT has the greatest utility in settings of suspected ovarian cancer recurrence, particularly in patients with rising CA-125 levels and negative conventional imaging. FDG-PET/CT was specifically helpful in optimizing the selection of patients for site-specific treatment, including radiation treatment planning, and aided in the selection of optimal surgical candidates. The co-registered metabolic–anatomic information from combined FDG-PET/CT holds promise in replacing the single imaging procedures.
In situ and laboratory geoacoustic measurements in soft mud and hard-packed sand sediments: Implications for high-frequency acoustic propagation and scattering

Near-surface sediment geoacoustic and physical properties were measured in gas-rich, muddy sediments of Eckernforde Bay, Baltic Sea, and in hard-packed, sandy sediments of the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Values of compressional and shear wave velocity are much lower in muddy compared to sandy sediments. The spatial and temporal variability of sediment physical and geoacoustic properties and, as a consequence, the scattering and propagation of high-frequency acoustic waves are primarily related to the presence and absence of free methane gas bubbles at the muddy site and to the abundance and distribution of shell material on sandy sediments.
Natural history of multiple human papillomavirus infections in female adolescents with prolonged follow-up

Abstract Purpose The aim of the study was to better characterize the natural history of human papillomavirus (HPV) infections in female adolescents. Methods Female adolescents were enrolled in a longitudinal study. Self-vaginal samples were obtained every 3 months and tested for HPV. No participants received HPV vaccination. The findings for 40 female adolescents with the longest follow-up are reported in this study. Results Average age at the time of enrollment was 15.2 years (range: 14–17; SD: .97). Mean duration of follow-up was 6.7 years (range: 4.4–9.2; SD: 1.2). In all, 32 participants (80%) reported being involved in sexual activity before their enrollment in the study; all reported being involved in sexual activity before enrollment; all reported being involved in sexual activity during follow-up. Baseline and cumulative prevalence of HPV among participants was 55% and 100%, respectively. During the study, each participant tested positive for a mean of 14 HPV types. Cumulatively, HPV 16 was detected in 29 of 40 participants (72.5%). Mean duration of high- and low-risk infections was 655.9 (median: 433) and 524.1 days (median: 334), respectively. Conclusion With prolonged follow-up, HPV infections with multiple types were found in all participants. Most had infection with HPV-16 or HPV-18, the oncogenic types represented in current vaccines, as well as infection with other oncogenic types. These data reinforce the importance of vaccine and non-vaccine strategies for prevention of HPV infections.
Gastric transmural pressure measurements in vivo: implications for natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES)

Background The success of natural orifice surgery depends on a reliable, secure closure of the opening in the gut. Forces that might be exerted on the gastric wall to disrupt closure have not been measured in humans or animals. Objective To determine how transmural gastric pressure gradients vary under different experimental conditions. Design In vivo porcine model. Setting Animal laboratory. Patients Eleven laboratory pigs. Interventions Pressure transducers were placed in the abdomen and stomachs of the test animals. Simultaneous pressure measurements were obtained to determine the stresses applied to the gastric wall during various maneuvers. Main Outcome Measurements Continuous intra-abdominal and intragastric pressures in vivo. Transgastric pressure gradients (ΔP) were computed in real time by subtracting gastric pressure from abdominal pressure. Results In all cases, the measured gastric pressures were nearly identical to those measured in the abdominal cavity because the stomach is entirely contained within the abdomen. The transmural gastric pressure gradients were near zero during a variety of experimental conditions. Limitation Anesthetized animal model, not engaged in usual activities. Relatively low pressures generated during a cough sequence and a Valsalva maneuver compared with reported values in the literature. Conclusion Estimates of gastric pressures that must be tolerated by gastric closure devices after natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery procedures have been greatly overestimated. Absolute gastric pressure is counteracted by external (intra-abdominal) pressure such that the net transmural gastric pressure gradient remains near zero under a variety of conditions.
Rapid prototyping of 4043 Al-alloy parts by VP-GTAW

Abstract This paper presents an investigation on the microstructure and property of 4043 Al-alloy parts built using a novel layer-deposition technique based on a variable polarity gas tungsten arc welding (VP-GTAW) process. Processing parameters strongly affect the geometry, microstructures, roughness, and hardness of a deposited part. A hollow cylindrical part with 120 layers is built up with a good surface quality. The deposited layers have a fine dendrite structure at the top layer, and coarse columnar/cellular grain structures in the middle and at the bottom of a deposited wall. The deposited wall has some fine equiaxed grains at the surface layers of the sidewalls. The precipitates are primarily distributed at the interdendrite regions and grain boundaries. The bonding zone exhibits an epitaxial and columnar grain growth from the original grains of a substrate. Precipitates are mainly located at the interior of columnar grains in the bonding zone. The deposited wall exhibits slight increasing trend in hardness from the bottom and middle layers to the top layer. The surface roughness resulting from the fine interlayer striations is found to be in the order of 5 μm, while the verticality of sidewalls mainly depending on the surface ripples is less than 5%.
Interprofessional Clinical Experiences in Dental Education

Interest and activity in interprofessional education (IPE) has grown substantially in recent years across the health professions, driven by the belief that more effective interprofessional collaboration among providers will contribute to realization of the Triple Aim objectives articulated by the Institute for Healthcare Improvement—better individual care experiences, better population health, and reduced per capita cost of care. In dental education, new standards from the Commission on Dental Accreditation (CODA) in 2013 require that dental schools demonstrate that graduates are competent to communicate and collaborate with other health professionals, requiring dental educators to develop IPE curricula and assessment at their institutions. One of the more challenging aspects of IPE curriculum development is to provide meaningful interprofessional clinical experiences for students. The purpose of this paper is to review selected examples of interprofessional clinical experiences involving dental students and to describe an interprofessional clinical experience implemented at the authors’ institution.
LATERALITY AND FIELD DEPENDENCE

The purposes of this study were (1) to replicate a right visual-field advantage for a version of the Embedded Figures Test modified for tachistoscopic presentation and (2) to test for a relationship between field independence and performance on modified Embedded Figures Test items presented to the right visual-field. 34 right-handed subjects were presented Embedded Figures Test items to the left, center, and right visual-fields for 150 msec. The Group Embedded Figures Test was also given. Results showed a right visual-field advantage on the modified embedded-figures test and (2) a negative relationship between Group Embedded Figures Test performance and right visual-field scores. These findings were discussed in terms of the differences between the two versions of the embedded-figures test, memory for simple figures, specificity of judgment, and sustained versus tachistoscopic perception. A tentative conclusion suggests that a better internal representation of the briefly presented complex figures places field-independent subjects at a disadvantage on the modified version of the test.
The neighbor effect: Other groups influence intragroup agonistic behavior in captive chimpanzees.

While intercommunity interactions are well documented in wild chimpanzees, the influence of neighboring captive groups on social behavior has not been investigated. This study examined the influence of vocalizations and noisy displays produced in neighboring groups (i.e., "neighbor vocalization") on intragroup hooting, bluff displays, and agonistic behavior. Chimpanzees from two broadly differing housing conditions were selected in order to examine the effect of neighboring groups: "Wing Groups" (those living in indoor/outdoor pens with auditory access to large number of neighboring individuals) and "Building Groups" (those housed in one indoor building, able to hear the calls and noisy displays produced by a small number of neighboring individuals occupying the building). Data were collected on 58 adult and juvenile subjects living in social groups varying in size from two to 14 individuals. Observation sessions were divided into two categories depending on the level of neighbor vocalization. Wing Groups showed higher rates of hooting, bluff displays, and agonistic behavior against other group members when levels of neighbor vocalization were high. Building Groups showed the same pattern, with results for bluff displays reaching statistical significance. This effect was also found through an analysis of the time periods immediately surrounding incidents of neighbor vocalization: Hooting and bluff displays were significantly more common after than before neighbor vocalizations. In spite of variation between the two housing conditions with respect to overall levels of neighbor vocalization, degree of differences between the high and low vocalization levels, and methods of data collection, a consistent neighbor effect was detected. This effect is congruous with behavioral patterns observed in the wild, and is therefore considered an expression of species-typical behavior as opposed to an artifact of captivity. These results are relevant to captive management, and bear on the influence of housing condition on psychological well-being. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Trace-element and isotopic characteristics of spinel peridotite xenoliths from Saudi Arabia

Abstract Clinopyroxenes separated from peridotite xenoliths from five localities in western Saudi Arabia (Al-Birk, Al-Kishb, Ithnayn, Uwayrid and Hutaymah) show large trace-element variations, for example, Sr ranges from 7 to 1040 ppm, Ti from 190 to 3800 ppm and Zr from 3 to 160 ppm. REE patterns range from LREE-depleted (IA group) to LREE-enriched (IB group). Type-IA samples have (Ce/Yb)n of 0.1–0.9, and tend to have higher Ti content, higher 143 Nd 144 Nd (up to 0.51361) and lower 87 Sr 86 Sr (down to 0.7021) than type-IB samples. Both type-IA and -IB xenoliths occur at each locality, regardless of the distance from the Red Sea rift. Geochemical data suggest that western Saudi Arabia is underlain by a long-term depleted mantle with characteristics indicating multi-event melting processes. Due to two-stage interaction with a mantle plume this depleted mantle was modified to different extent. The first stage took place sometime in the Proterozoic when the plume reached the base of the lithosphere, the second stage occurred during Red Sea rift formation.
Comparative tryptic peptide analysis of candidate P85gag-mos of ts1 10 moloney murine sarcoma virus and P38-P23 mos gene-related proteins of wild-type virus

Abstract The translation products of ts 110-MuSV RNA were analyzed and compared to the candidate mos gene products of the wild-type virus, MuSV-349. ts 110-MuSV-MuLV virion preparations contain two mos gene-containing RNA species, 4.0 and 3.5 kb in length, which are translated into the 85,000 molecular weight ( M r ) candidate gag-mos protein (P85) and P58 gag and a third RNA, about 8.3 kb in length, representing the helper virus RNA. This latter RNA is translated into the core protein precursor Pr63 gag Translation of subgenomic poly(A)-containing ts 110-MuSV RNAs produced polypeptides of 33,000 M r (P33) and 23,000 M r (P23), but yielded no P85 or P58 gag . ts 110 P33 and P23 were found to be similar in both size and structure to P33 and P23 translated from 22S poly(A)-containing RNA from wild-type MuSV-349 RNA. One important difference between ts 110 and MuSV-349 was the lack of a major 38,000 M r (P38) polypeptide in the ts 110 translation products. It has been shown by others that the mos genetic region of MuSV-124 genomic RNA can be translated into a family of mos gene-derived polypeptides ranging in size from 43,000 to 18,000 daltons, and we have previously reported similar candidate mos gene products of 38,000 (38K) and 23K in the translation products of subgenomic poly(A)-containing RNA of MuSV-124 (Lyons et al. , 1980). The same family of mos gene products is present in the translated product of MuSV-349 RNA. While highly related to one another, MuSV-349-coded P38 and P33 contained at least three additional tyrosine tryptic peptides not found in P23, whereas P23 contained at least one tryptic peptide not present in either P38 and P33. The tryptic peptide profiles of ts 110-coded proteins, considered together with other results, indicated that P85 is a hybrid polyprotein containing p15, pp12, and part of p30 joined to a P33 MuSV-349 candidate mos gene product. In contrast, ts 110 P58 gag is clearly a gag -gene product and shared no tryptic peptides in common with the MuSV-349 candidate mos gene products.
Hot corrosion of four superalloys: HA-188, S-57, IN-617, and TD-NiCrAl

Four superalloys were subjected to cyclic oxidation and hot corrosion attack in a Mach 0.3 burner rig. Two of the alloys, HA-188 and S-57, were cobalt-base and the other two, IN-617 and TD-NiCrAl, were nickel-base. The alloys were exposed to maximum temperatures of 900 and 1000°C. For hot corrosion tests the burner rig flame was doped with various concentrations of sea salt and one concentration of sodium sulfate. Samples were evaluated based on maximum depth of attack. These data were subjected to a regression analysis for the development of model equations relating corrosion to temperature and for determining how significantly changes in salt concentration and composition affected the corrosion. The ranking of the alloys with respect to their corrosion resistance was found to vary with temperature, sea salt concentration, and salt composition. Some of the variation was attributed to changes in the mode of attack from straight oxidation to hot corrosion. Under those test conditions where the mode of attack was readily discernible S-57 was found to be the most hot corrosion-resistant alloy and TD-NiCrAl was the least resistant. This order was reversed when the attack was straight oxidation, TD-NiCrAl being the most resistant alloy and S-57 the least.
Agency and Communion Trends in Consumer Goods Advertising

Popular accounts of American values have argued that there has been a recent increase in selfishness or egocentrism. Bakan's (1966) concepts of agency and communion provide a basis for an empirical examination of this claim. It was the purpose of this investigation to examine the content of consumer goods advertising for trends in the relative incidence of agency and communion themes over the last seven decades. A content analysis of5486 ads from the January, May, and September issues of a popular women's magazine for each of the years from 1910 to 1979 gave evidence of distinct changes in the ratio of agency themes to communion themes over this time period. Specifically, this ratio was significantly larger in the decade from 1970 to 1979 than in prior decades. There were also increases and decreases in this ratio in prior decades as well, changes which were found to be consistent with other evidence of changes in related values.
Screening for Carotid Artery Stenosis with the Continuous Wave Doppler Listening Examination

The Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis Study (ACAS) demonstrated that carotid endarterectomy was beneficial for selected asymptomatic patients with carotid artery stenoses greater than 60%. However, the optimal technique for identifying these asymp tomatic lesions remains undefined. Carotid duplex is the current standard, but cost limits its use for screening large populations. This study prospectively examines the audible interpretation of the continuous wave (CW) Doppler signal as a screening tool for carotid artery stenoses.Carotid artery listening examinations were performed using CW Doppler immedi ately before standard carotid duplex examinations in 207 patients (414 examinations) by two certified vascular technologists. Stenosis in the extracranial internal carotid artery was classified as <50°/a or ≥50% based on the listening examination alone, and the results were correlated with the duplex findings (duplex ≥50% stenosis—peak systolic frequency [PSF] ≥5 KHz). The results were analyzed in two gro...
Age as a determinant of outcomes for patients with oral cancer

To determine whether survival outcomes of younger patients with oral cavity squamous cell cancer (OSCC) differs from older patients in the US. A retrospective cohort study using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) registry. We studied cases (n=19681) of OSCC diagnosed from 1973 to 1999 and used age cutoffs at 40, 45, 50, and 55 years. Control groups of older patients were retrospectively matched on gender, race, cancer subsite, and stage of disease. Survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. A propensity score matching produced groups with similar distributions of patient and disease characteristics. Between these matched groups, younger patients had a significantly better five-year survival (age 40: 63.4% vs. 80.6%, p<0.0001; age 45: 59.0% vs. 72.8%, p<0.0001; age 50: 55.5% vs. 67.2%, p<0.0001; age 55: 54.0% vs. 64.3%, p<0.0001). These results confirm recent results using population-based data that suggest better overall survival in younger patients.
Energy Optimization of Air-Cooled Data Centers

The work presented in this paper describes a simplified thermodynamic model that can be used for exploring optimization possibilities in air-cooled data centers. The model has been used to identify optimal, energy-efficient designs, operating scenarios, and operating parameters such as flow rates and air supply temperatures. The results of this analysis highlight the important features that need to be considered when optimizing the operation of air-cooled data centers, especially the trade-off between low air supply temperature and increased air flow rate. The model was shown to be especially valuable in defining the optimal operating strategies for enclosed aisle configurations with fixed and variable server flows, and to elucidate the deleterious effect of temperature nonuniformity at the inlet of the racks on the data center cooling infrastructure power consumption. The analysis shows a potential for as much as an ∼58% savings in cooling infrastructure energy consumption by utilizing an optimized enclosed aisle configuration with bypass recirculation, instead of a traditional enclosed aisle, where all the data center exhaust is forced to flow through the computer room air conditioners. The analysis of open-aisle data centers shows that as the temperature at the inlet of the racks becomes more nonuniform, optimal operation tends toward lower recirculation and higher power consumption; again, stressing the importance of providing as uniform a temperature to the racks as possible. It is also revealed that servers with a modest temperature rise (∼10°C) have a wider latitude for cooling infrastructure optimization than those with a high temperature rise (≥20°C), which tend to consume less cooling power when the aisles are enclosed.