cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Correlation of selected core-level spectroscopies

Abstract Spectral characteristics representing the distribution of unoccupied conduction-band states in the 3 d transition-series metals Fe, Co, Ni and Cu, obtained using soft X-ray absorption (SXA), bremsstrahlung isochromat (BI) and characteristic isochromat (CI) methods, are related mathematically to those found in soft X-ray appearance-potential Spectroscopy (SXAPS) on the basis of the one-electron band approximation. These mathematical relationships are used to compute SXAPS spectra from reported experimental data obtained by the SXA, BI and CI methods. For the metals considered, the correlations between the computed and experimental SXAPS spectra are found to be good. The observed discrepancies are attributed to differences in the selection rules of the excitation processes, to the effect of the core vacancy on the final state, and to many-body phenomena which are not included in the simplified one-electron band model.
Soil Properties and Carbon Sequestration of Afforested Pastures in Reclaimed Minesoils of Ohio

Land-use change affects many soil properties, including soil organic carbon (SOC) pool, and the transfer of atmospheric CO2 to terrestrial landscapes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of converting pastureland to Australian pine (Casuarina spp) and Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L) forest on selected soil physical and chemical properties and SOC sequestration in reclaimed minesoils (RMS) of southeastern Ohio. The study sites were surface mined for coal, reclaimed and managed as pasture, and then converted into woodland 10 yr before the present study. Soil pH and electrical conductivity (EC) were higher in the RMS than in a nearby undisturbed hardwood forest. Conversion to Australian pine decreased soil pH and EC in the top 20 cm. Bulk densities of the RMS ranged from 1.24 to 1.82 Mg m 23 , and only minor changes were observed in soil bulk density after land-use conversion. Mean weight diameter (MWD) and root biomass increased significantly (P , 0.05) with conversion of pasture to Australian pine or Black locust. In addition, aggregate stability was greater in RMS under hardwood forest than under pasture. Conversion to the Australian pine forest increased the SOC pool in the top 50 cm by 6 Mg ha 21 (11%) in 10 yr. However, the N pool in the top 50 cm was not affected by the land-use conversion from pasture to Australian pine. Conversion to Black locust increased the SOC pool in the top 50 cm by 24 Mg ha 21 (42%), while the N pool increased by 10% under Black locust in 10 yr. The increase in the SOC pool was accompanied by an increase in the C/N ratios and root biomass in both Australian pine and Black locust sites in the 20- to 50-cm depth. Establishment of tree plantation has a greater potential for SOC sequestration than pastures in the RMS.
Measurement of two phase flow properties using the nuclear reactor instrument

Abstract A procedure is introduced for characterizing one dimensional, two phase flow in terms of three properties; propagation, structure, and dynamics. It is shown that all of these properties can be measured by analyzing the response of the reactor neutron field to a two phase flow perturbation. Therefore, a nuclear reactor can be regarded as a two phase flow instrument.
Understanding the micronote lifecycle: improving mobile support for informal note taking

People frequently write messages to themselves. These informal, hurried personal jottings serve as temporary storage for notable information as well as reminders for future action. Many mobile technologies have been designed specifically to support this ubiquitous behavior; however, adoption has been universally problematic. Despite its clear utility, the process of taking micronotes stubbornly resists computing support. This field study examines the lifecycles of the canonical micronote forms (immediate use, temporary storage, and prospective memory aid), pinpointing the behaviors that are mismatched with current mobile support. Implications for improving the design of these systems are presented, culminating in a vision for integrated paper-digital micronote systems. This shifts the development focus away from trying to support the entire micronote lifecycle, emphasizing instead the different behaviors best supported by the different technologies.
Libris DESIGN and financing public library buildings

Estimating the cost of public library building projects can be difficult, but there are helpful resources available to assist in creating a projected budget for such a project. In addition to books and the annual Library Journal issue devoted to library architecture, computer software is now available to assist in developing projected building costs. While accurate cost projections have always been important, ever increasing building costs and changing sources of funding over the past ten years have made it all the more pertinent to estimate as accurately as possible from the start of such a venture.
Beyond Improved Access: Seasonal and Multidimensional Water Security in Urban Philippines

Water is a basic human right that is still not ensured for many people worldwide. Essential for human health and development, water security is an increasingly important area for social welfare research. At the household level, a common water security proxy is access to an improved source of drinking water such as piped water, a public tap, or a protected well. In urban areas of developing countries, however, recent research has identified important household disparities that regional and national statistics on improved access can mask. To extend these analyses, this study examines seasonal differences in household water security—an emerging priority area due to urbanization, population growth, and environmental change trends. Data are from randomly sampled household surveys (N = 396) in Baguio City, the Philippines, on water quantity, quality, and accessibility in dry versus rainy seasons. Bivariate and principal component analyses were performed. Water quantity and accessibility are lower in the dry than rainy season for several measures, typically with a wide range among households. Water quality is rated somewhat higher in the dry than rainy season. Principal component analysis yields a multidimensional measure of dry season hardship and no comparable rainy season measure. Important heterogeneities of seasonal water security exist among households in this study. More rigorous documentation of local inequities is needed, incorporating seasonal aspects of water security that are appropriate for local contexts.
Some effects of microcracks on the mechanical properties of brittle solids—I. Stress, strain relations

Abstract An analysis of microcracking in a brittle polycrystalline aggregate is presented. The analysis is based on the combined influence of the residual stress and the applied loads. Microcrack densities are predicted as a function of load and correlated with acoustic emission measurements. The nonlinear characteristics of the stress-strain curves of microcracking materials are calculated, as required for subsequent evaluation of microcrack toughening in brittle materials.
Resistance, Rebellion, and Consciousness in the Andean Peasant World, 18th to 20th Centuries

Resistance, Rebellion, and Consciousness in the Andean Peasant World, 18th to 20th Centuries. Steve J. Stern. (ed.). Madison and London: University of Wisconsin Press, 1987. xvii. 446 pp., maps. $15.00 (paper). ISBN 0-299-11354-X.
Glucocorticoids Enhance Intracellular Signaling via Adenylate Cyclase at Three Distinct Loci in the Fetus: A Mechanism for Heterologous Teratogenic Sensitization?

Abstract Although high doses of glucocorticoids are teratogenic, endogenous hormones are necessary for development. Because of the central role of cAMP to control cell differentiation, we examined the dose dependence, tissue selectivity, and critical periods involved in glucocorticoid regulation of fetal intracellular signaling mediated by adenylate cyclase. Pregnant rats were given dexamethasone at doses spanning the threshold for therapeutic effects (0.05, 0.2, and 0.8 mg/kg) on either Gestational Days 11, 12, and 13 or Days 17, 18, and 19. Development of adenylate cyclase was evaluated in cell membrane preparations using basal activity in the absence or presence of GTP, maximal G-protein activation by fluoride, and maximal catalytic subunit stimulation by forskolin-Mn 2+ . Even at the lowest dose, dexamethasone on gestational days 11 through 13 enhanced fetal adenylate cyclase activity by accelerating development of both the G-protein component and the catalytic subunit. As a result, supersensitivity of the response to β-adrenergic receptor stimulation by isoproterenol was also produced, even though development of β-adrenergic receptors was unaffected. Treatment with dexamethasone later in gestation similarly fostered development of both G-protein and catalytic subunit components, with selectivity for liver and heart as opposed to brain. Again, heterologous sensitization to isoproterenol stimulation was demonstrable; in addition, late gestational treatment elevated yet a third signal transduction locus, the β-adrenergic receptor binding site. These effects are likely contributors to glucocorticoid teratogenesis (high doses) or to more subtle disruption of cell development (low doses); because adenylate cyclase is at the convergence of multiple neuronal, hormonal, and environmental inputs, glucocorticoids may sensitize the cell to heterologous stimuli, lowering the threshold for teratogenesis by other agents.
Developing Sustainable Leaders Through Coaching and Compassion

By integrating recent findings in affective neuroscience and biology with well-documented research on leadership and stress, we offer a more holistic approach to leadership development. We argue he...
Surface smoothing and template partitioning for cranial implant CAD

Employing patient-specific prefabricated implants can be an effective treatment for large cranial defects (i.e., > 25 cm 2 ). We have previously demonstrated the use of Computer Aided Design (CAD) software that starts with the patient’s 3D head CT-scan. A template is accurately matched to the pre-detected skull defect margin. For unilateral cranial defects the template is derived from a left-to-right mirrored skull image. However, two problems arise: (1) slice edge artifacts generated during isosurface polygonalization are inherited by the final implant; and (2) partitioning (i.e., cookie-cutting) the implant surface from the mirrored skull image usually results in curvature discontinuities across the interface between the patient’s defect and the implant. To solve these problems, we introduce a novel space curve-to-surface partitioning algorithm following a ray-casting surface re-sampling and smoothing procedure. Specifically, the ray-cast re-sampling is followed by bilinear interpolation and low-pass filtering. The resulting surface has a highly regular grid-like topological structure of quadrilaterally arranged triangles. Then, we replace the regions to be partitioned with predefined sets of triangular elements thereby cutting the template surface to accurately fit the defect margin at high resolution and without surface curvature discontinuities. Comparisons of the CAD implants for five patients against the manually generated implant that the patient actually received show an average implant-patient gap of 0.45mm for the former and 2.96mm for the latter. Also, average maximum normalized curvature of interfacing surfaces was found to be smoother, 0.043, for the former than the latter, 0.097. This indicates that the CAD implants would provide a significantly better fit.
Voting in Four Elective Offices: A Comparative Analysis

CPS survey data from 1952 to 1978 are employed in a comparative analysis of the effects of three predictors on voting for House, Senate, gubernatorial, and presidential candidates. Among the findin...
Effect of streptozotocin-induced diabetes and insulin treatment on the degradation of hexokinase II in the skeletal muscle of the rat

The rate of degradation of hexokinase II and the general pool of cytosolic proteins was measured in the skeletal muscle of normal, streptozotocin-diabetic, and insulin-treated streptozotocin-diabetic rats. The rate constant for hexokinase II degradation increases by a factor of 3 in the diabetic as compared with the normal animal. There were analogous alterations observed for the general pool of cytosolic proteins; however, the changes were much more subtle. Insulin treatment restores the increased degradative rate to normal levels in both classes of muscle proteins.
Stability and Subcellular Localization of Cytadherence-Associated Protein P65 in Mycoplasma pneumoniae

The surface protein P65 is a constituent of the Mycoplasma pneumoniae cytoskeleton and is present at reduced levels in mutants lacking the cytadherence accessory protein HMW2. Pulse-chase studies demonstrated that P65 is subject to accelerated turnover in the absence of HMW2. P65 was also less abundant in noncytadhering mutants lacking HMW1 or P30 but was present at wild-type levels in mutants lacking proteins A, B, C, and P1. P65 exhibited a polar localization like that in wild-type M. pneumoniae in all mutants having normal levels of HMW1 and HMW2. Partial or complete loss of these proteins, however, correlated with severe reduction in the P65 level and the inability to localize P65 properly.
A New Approach to the Living Anionic Polymerization of 4-Cyanostyrene

A new approach to the synthesis of well-defined homopolymers of 4-cyanostyrene (4CNS) via anionic polymerization using high vacuum techniques is described. This synthetic route is based on the use of a solvent mixture of tetrahydrofuran and N,N-dimethylacetamide (THF/DMA, 4/1 v/v) in order to overcome the previously reported polymer insolubility issue and long reaction times. Our system afforded well-defined linear living P4CNSs having molecular weights up to 98,500 g/mol in less than 30 min and can be applied to the synthesis of P4CNS-based homopolymers and copolymers of various molecular architectures.
Procaine Base Dissolved by Means of CO2 and Its Mode of Action

SummaryA method of dissolving procaine base by means of CO2 is presented. The solution thus formed is only slightly more convulsant than procaine hydrochloride but considerably more anesthetic on topical application.
The Utilization of Sodium in Sodium Zeolite A by Broilers

Abstract Two identical experiments were conducted with 1-d-old broiler chicks to determine whether the Na in sodium zeolite A (SZA) was utilizable. Three male and three female chicks were randomly assigned to each of eight replicate pens per treatment. A corn-soybean meal basal diet was formulated to contain supplemental levels of 0, .02, .04, .06, .08, and .16% Na from either SZA or NaCl. The diets were isocaloric and isonitrogenous. The Cl level within each dietary Na level was kept constant. Feed and deionized water were offered for ad libitum consumption throughout each 21-d experiment. In both experiments, broiler body weight was increased with each addition of Na from either NaCl or SZA. In Experiment 1, the addition of Na, whether from NaCl or SZA, resulted in an improvement in feed consumption and feed conversion compared with birds fed the control diet. In Experiment 2, body weights of birds fed .04 to .08% Na from SZA were heavier than those fed the same levels from NaCl. Overall the addition of Na from SZA or NaCl resulted in an improvement in body weight, increased feed consumption, and improved feed conversion. Data from these experiments indicated that the Na in SZA was able to be utilized by broilers as efficiently as the Na from NaCl.
Warfarin resistance and enteral tube feeding: A vitamin K-independent interaction

Warfarin resistance associated with continuous enteral ube feedings was first reported in the early 1980s [1–5]. his resistance was originally attributed to the large mounts of vitamin K contained within the feedings. In the arly 1980s, patients often received as much as 1500 to 000 g of vitamin K per day or more [1–5]. Industry esponded to this significant drug–enteral feeding interacion by markedly decreasing the amount of vitamin K in heir liquid enteral feeding formulations (Table 1). Howver, despite this massive reduction in vitamin K content, I ave observed problems of achieving therapeutic anticoaglation when warfarin is given concomitantly with continous liquid enteral feeding or significant increases in the nternational normalized ratio (INR) for prothrombin time ithout a change in warfarin dosage when the enteral feedng is discontinued. The intent of this column is to discuss lausible “new” evidence-based explanations for this “old” rug–enteral tube feeding interaction.
Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease: a study of lower extremity length discrepancies and skeletal maturation.

Lower extremity length discrepancies and skeletal maturation have been studied in 147 patients with unilateral Legg-Calve-Perthes disease followed by orthoroentgenograms for 5 or more years. At the time of initial assessment there was a marked delay in skeletal age as related to chronologic age in 83 percent of the patients. Standing height in the majority of patients both at disease presentation and at skeletal maturation was less than the mean. The average maximum total femoral and tibial discrepancy during the course of the disease was 2.14 cm. The maximum femoral discrepancy averaged 1.38 cm and the maximum tibial discrepancy averaged 0.93 cm. (The time of maximum discrepancy differed in the two major lower extremity bones). The extent of tibial discrepancy correlated well with the time of immobilization in the unilateral abduction ischial weight-bearing brace. The discrepancies did not invariably increase with time and many corrected with the repair process. Four developmental patterns of the discrepancy were detected and classified. Epiphyseal arrest was resorted to in 21 percent of the patients.
An Evaluation of a Two-Stage Spiral Processing Fine Anthracite Refuse

Testing was conducted to evaluate the performance of a two-stage Multotec SX7 spiral concentrator treating fine anthracite refuse. Two sets of samples were collected from an anthracite cleaning plant located in eastern Pennsylvania. One sample consisted of the thickener feed slurry (nominal − 1.2 mm) and the other consisted of the thickener underflow slurry. A third sample was prepared by desliming the thickener feed using a 102-mm diameter Krebs cyclone to produce a nominal − 1.2 + 0.025 mm product. The effects of slurry flow rate and solids concentration on spiral performance were investigated. For the + 0.025 mm material, the feed ash value could be reduced from 71% to 21%, while producing a refuse with an ash value of 91%. Regardless of whether the feed slurry was deslimed or undeslimed, the + 0.025 mm material would separate. The separation occurred even with the thickener underflow, which had been treated with flocculant. The − 0.025 mm material split in approximately the same proportion as the water.
Coupling between InAs quantum dots and strained InGaAs/GaAs coupled quantum-wells: a novel type of quantum dots

We have studied coupling between InGaAs/GaAs coupled quantum wells and self-assembled InAs quantum dots by measuring the linewidths, peak energies and peak intensities of photoluminescence peaks for different pump powers and lateral locations
Enabling Business and Security Through Technology Implementation: A Financial Services Case Study

Enterprise single sign-on (ESSO) is the capability for users to authenticate once to an ESSO tool/product and be subsequently and automatically authenticated to other systems without any modification to the target systems. Empowering the user with such a single sign-on capability has multifold benefits. This eliminates the users’ burden of remembering multiple passwords and enables an organization to increase security and achieve regulatory compliance while lowering help desk costs and improving productivity. One of the biggest challenges facing information security professionals is articulating the expected benefits of any security investments, such as in ESSO initiatives, in business value terms while linking to the organization's business and growth drivers. The article presents a B3C model for evaluating the business value of ESSO implementations and discusses details of a real-world case of ESSO deployment from the business, technology, and project aspects of the deployment in the form of a case stud...
Quality of life with the continent ileostomy

A survey of 71 patients with continent ileostomies was undertaken to determine their life-style. Comparison of life-style in patients with a conventional ileostomy compared to those with a continent ileostomy was possible because 40 of the 71 patients previously had conventional ileostomies. Approximately 50% of them had been restricted in work, hobbies, and travel, and 90% were restricted in clothing selection and athletic activities. About 10% of the patients with continent ileostomies experienced limitations in one of these parameters. With either ileostomy, dietary restrictions were encountered by 54%. The mean cost of supplies was $200 with the continent ileostomy compared with $475 with the conventional ileostomy. Following conversion from a conventional to a continent ileostomy, 68% of the patients noted an improved sex life and 80% noted an improved body image. All would choose retrospectively to have a continent ileostomy and 96% found the result to be as good as or better than their preoperative expectations. If complications were to arise, 97% of patients would undergo revisional surgery rather than have removal of the continent ileostomy. We conclude that patient satisfaction with the continent ileostomy is high. Fewer limitations are encountered with the continent ileostomy than with the conventional ileostomy.
Some microscopic studies of the keratinization of human hair.

Theories concerning the process of keratinization in human hair have arisen from morphologic observations. These morphologic concepts invariably link the process of keratinization with readily observable cytologic changes occurring progressively in a proximodistal direction in the lower one-third of the hair follicle. The final histologic change, the attainment of optical homogeneity by hair cortex cells, is regarded by most histologists as the final stage in the keratinization process. This change regularly occurs at a level about one-third of the distance from the tip of the hair papilla to the skin surface (1). The observations of Giroud and Bulliard (2) concerning the abrupt transformation of sulfhydryl groups into disulfide linkages at or near this level have added weight to the morphological concepts.
The regional effort to control pollution in the Mediterranean sea

Abstract Acting under the auspices of the United Nations Environmental Program (UNEP), almost all states in the region have begun to cooperate in the creation of a comprehensive program to protect the Mediterranean environment from pollution, whether it be from dumping, from vessels, from land-derived or from other sources. The decision as to how to define the region for the purposes of this program is examined as also is the catalytic role of UNEP in helping to put together the Mediterranean program. The Barcelone Convention and its existing protocols are considered as also are the continuing efforts to develop a protocol on the important and complicated matter of land-derived pollutants. The attempt to treat land-derived pollution has led to some significant differences between the developed and developing Mediterranean states, because the developing states are wary of the effects of pollution control programs on their rate of economic growth. Through the Blue Plan, adopted by the Mediterranean states, the linkages between development and ecology will be explored so that states may be able to make better choices in the establishment and pursuit of their development goals. The Mediterranean program, if it is to succeed, must overcome data deficiencies, deficiencies in technical skills and equipment in a number of states, and the problems associated with the existence of deep rooted political animosities between some states. Many of the problems encountered in the Mediterranean program are illustrative of the difficulties which may be expected in regional pollution control efforts generally and the experience in the Mediterranean may be of great value as regional programs are attempted in other areas. The ultimate success of the Mediterranean program depends very much on whether the individual states are willing to make the commitment to do their share in protecting the environment. Such a commitment requires not merely the conclusion of treaties but also effective enforcement of treaty obligations and the willingness to invest needed funds and personnel in environmental planning and management. Support for programs of environmental protection may be on the increase in the Mediterranean region as ties between economic well being and health, on the one hand, and environmental protection, on the other, become more apparent.
Birth Order and Narcissism

29 first-born individuals were observed to have significantly higher narcissism scores on the Narcissism Personality Inventory than were 43 last-born individuals. Also, comparisons indicated higher narcissism among men than among women.
A comparative transcription map of the murine bare patches (Bpa) and striated (Str) critical regions and human Xq28.

The X-linked developmental mouse mutations bare patches (Bpa) and striated {Str) may be homologous to human X-linked dominant chondrodysplasia punctata (CDPX2) and incontinentia pigmenti (IP2), respectively, based on their genetic mapping and clinical phenotypes. Bpa and Str have been localized to an overlapping critical region of 600 kb that demonstrates conserved gene order with loci in human Xq28 between DXSII04 and DXS52. As part of efforts to isolate the genes involved in these disorders, we have begun to develop a comparative transcription map spanning this region in both species. Using techniques of cross-species conservation and hybridization, exon trapping, and cDNA selection we have identified four known genes or members of gene families--caltractin, a member of the ~/-aminobutyric acid (GABAA) receptor gene family, a member of the melanoma antigen gene (MAGE) family, and several members of the murine-specific, X-linked lymphocyte regulated gene (Xlr3) family. Trapped exons and, in some cases, longer cDNAs have been isolated for potentially 7-9 additional genes. One cDNA demonstrates highly significant homology with members of the Kriippel family of zinc finger transcription factors. A second novel cDNA demonstrates homology at the 3' end of the predicted amino acid sequence to a LIM domain consensus. Gene order appears conserved among those cDNAs determined to be present in both human and mouse. Three of the murine transcripts appear to be present in multiple copies within the Bpa/Str critical region and could be associated with a predisposition to genomic rearrangements. Reverse trancriptase PCR (RT-PCR) and Northern analyses demonstrate that several of the transcripts are expressed in mid-gestation murine embryos and neonatal skin, making them candidates for the Bpa and Str mutations and their respective homologous human disorders.
Structural perturbation of a C4 zinc-finger module by cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II): insights into the inhibition of transcription processes by the antitumor drug

Three dimensional structures of a zinc-finger peptide containing 31 amino acid residues, I C E E P T C R N R T R H L P L Q F S R T G P L C P A C M K A (zpp), were determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and were compared with platinum complexes formed by the reaction between cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cisplatin; cis-DDP) and zpp. The structures of the zpp complex reveal an α-helix-like domain at the amino terminus, extending eight residues from P5 through R12. The helix region is followed by two turns with seven residues starting at H13. By judging the dihedral angles, the first turn resembles an ideal Type I turn, whereas the second turn appears to be a non-ideal Type V turn. A third atypical turn starting at L24 was also detected. Proline serves as the third residue of both the first and third turns. Four cysteine residues, two located at the beginning of the helix and two at the carboxy end, are coordinated to Zn(II), facilitating the formation of a loop. These structural features are consistent with the circular dichroism measurements which indicate the presence of 26% helix and 21% β turns. Cisplatin undergoes facile reaction with zpp complex. The reaction between cisplatin and zpp proceeded in a stepwise manner. A complete deligation of Zn(II) was observed with two equivalent of cis-DDP. The first unit of the platinum complex is bound to the two cysteine residues at the carboxy terminus as revealed by the heteronuclear 1H–15N and NOESY experiments. The second unit is coordinated to the remaining two cysteines at the amino terminus. The structures of these 1:1 and 1:2 adducts are remarkably different from those of the Zn-finger motif. In particular, substantial loss of helical component with the concomitant increase of non-ordered structures was observed. The implications of the loss of structural integrity of zinc-finger domain upon binding to cisplatin are discussed in the context of inhibition of transcription processes leading to apoptosis.
Effects of calf weaning age and subsequent management system on growth and reproductive performance of beef heifers.

Brahman × British crossbred heifers (n = 40 and 38 heifers in yr 1 and 2, respectively) were used to evaluate the effects of calf weaning age and subse- quent management system on growth and reproductive performance. On d 0, heifers were ranked by BW (89 ± 16 kg) and age (72 ± 13 d) and randomly assigned to a conventional management group that was normal- ly weaned on d 180 (NW; n = 10 heifers annually) or early weaned (EW) on d 0 and 1) limit fed a high- concentrate diet at 3.5% of BW (as fed) in drylot until d 180 (EW180; n = 10 heifers annually), 2) limit fed a high-concentrate diet at 3.5% of BW (as fed) in dry- lot until d 90, then grazed on Bahiagrass pastures until d 180 (EW90; n = 10 heifers annually), or 3) grazed on annual ryegrass pastures until d 60 (yr 1; n = 10 heifers) or 90 (yr 2; n = 8 heifers), then on Bahiagrass pastures until d 180 (EWRG). On d 180, all heifers were grouped by treatment and rotated on Bahiagrass pastures until d 390. Grazing heifers were supplemented at 1.0% BW until d 180 and at 1.5% BW from d 180 to 390. From d 0 to 90, EW180 and EW90 heifers were heavier (P ≤ 0.02) than NW and EWRG heifers, whereas NW heif- ers tended (P = 0.09) to be heavier on d 90 than EWRG heifers. In yr 1 and 2, EW180 heifers were heaviest (P < 0.0001) on d 180. In yr 1, EWRG heifers were lightest (P < 0.0001), whereas EW90 and NW heifers had simi- lar BW (P = 0.58). Conversely, EW90, EWRG, and NW heifers achieved similar BW on d 180 of yr 2 (P ≥ 0.18). Positive correlations were detected (P ≤ 0.05) between liver IGF-1 mRNA abundance on d 90 and ADG from d 0 to 90 and between liver IGF-1 mRNA abundance on d 180 and ADG from d 90 to 180. The EW180 heifers were youngest (P ≤ 0.01) at puberty. From d 260 to 340, the percentage of pubertal heifers was greater (P ≤ 0.03) for EW90 vs. NW heifers but did not differ (P ≥ 0.15) between EWRG and NW heifers. The ADG from d 0 to 90 and the plasma IGF-1 on d 90 and 180 explained approximately 34% of the variability in age at puberty. In summary, the EW90 and EW180 heifer management systems evaluated in this study altered the BW at the time of NW and were good alternatives for anticipating puberty achievement compared to NW heifers.
Ultraviolet photoemission from polymeric sulfur nitride polycrystalline films and single crystals

Abstract The (SN)x valence band structure, for polycrystalline films as well as for single crystal samples, has been studied using He I and He II resonance radiation. In angle-resolved photoemission energy distributions from single crystals, structure in the spectra is selectively enhanced offering a possibility of assigning the photoemission as originating from particular regions of the Brillouin Zone. The observed onset of photoemission 0.2 eV below the Fermi edge is discussed.
A c-version of minimal boolean sum-of-product forms

A code in c for symbolic computation of all the minimal sums for a Boolean sum-of-product form has been developed by using the method of consensus taking. This code is capable of handling longer expressions with ease and is significantly faster than the one previously given in PROLOG.
Root correction during orthodontic therapy

Abstract During orthodontic therapy, control of root alignment is critical for achieving optimal treatment results and to assure a good long-term prognosis for the correction obtained. Root correction is an important step of treatment that should not be overlooked. Careful evaluation of the position of the roots after space closure in extraction cases is performed for anterior and posterior teeth, and necessary correction should be implemented to obtain an optimal occlusion and an adequate bone distribution between teeth in the arch. Similarly, in nonextraction cases, root parallelism is achieved to promote a good periodontal prognosis and long-term maintenance of the correction obtained. Different treatment strategies may be used to achieve anterior and posterior root correction, each having advantages and limitations clinically.
Mechanistic model based multi-impedance curve-fitting approach for solid oxide fuel cells

Abstract Impedance curve fitting and model validation are critical steps toward experimental data interpretation and electrochemical mechanism study. A mechanistic electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) model based multi-impedance curve-fitting approach is developed with nonlinear optimization techniques. The mechanistic EIS model consisting of a set of conservation laws is developed using a proton-conducting SOFC button cell (Ni-BZCY7/BZCY7/GBCF) and associated experimental setup as physical bases, which link the multi-physicochemical processes to SOFC impedance responses. A genetic algorithm is employed to determine the model parameters so that the impedance curves predicted by the model match with the experimental data under identical operating conditions. The approach is demonstrated using both the simulated results and the experimental impedance data. Upon the fitting results, modeling study is further performed to interpret the experimental impedance data.
The vapor phase magnetic circular dichroism spectrum of the 3Au ← 1Ag excitation of glyoxal

Abstract The vapor phase magnetic circular dichroism spectrum of the 520 nm band system of glyoxal is reported. The vibrational analysis of this spectrum, and its temperature dependence, extend and confirm the assignments made by Ramsay and his collaborators from magnetic rotation and emission data.
Physical properties of order-disorder structures with especial reference to feldspar minerals

Abstract It is proposed that cell dimensions, refractive indices and other physical properties depend more on local than on distant neighbors, and that only if local and distant order are correlated will there be a simple relation between physical properties and electron density distributions measured by X-ray diffraction. Measured values of physical properties also depend on the resolution of the apparatus. For K-feldspar, available data are examined in terms of multiple paths of ordering and of domain texture. The most significant physical properties are b ∗ , c ∗ and 2V; the extinction angle and triclinic geometry have no fundamental significance. For Na-feldspar, MacKenzie's measurements of the triclinic nature of synthetic albite annealed at various temperatures are explained more easily in terms of local than of distant ordering; a critical temperature for distant ordering seems possible.
Affect and Retail Shopping Behavior: Understanding the Role of Mood Regulation and Regulatory Focus

Abstract Two studies investigate the relationship between promotion and prevention focus, mood regulation, and retail marketplace evaluations and behaviors. Study 1, a laboratory experiment, finds that individuals high in promotion focus regulate their moods more than individuals low in promotion focus. Study 2, a field study, investigates the relationships between retail outcomes, regulatory focus, and the three core mood regulation constructs of mood monitoring, mood clarity, and mood repair. Results suggest that mood regulation is closely related to promotion and prevention focus, having both a direct influence on retail outcomes as well as mediating the influence of regulatory focus. Implications for theory and practice, limitations, and directions for future research are discussed.
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome in patients hospitalized for gastrointestinal bleeding.

ObjectiveTo describe the incidence and causes of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), to determine the risk factors for its development, and to assess its impact on the outcome of patients hospitalized for gastrointestinal bleeding.DesignProspective, observational study.SettingA 528-bed,
Chronic olanzapine or fluoxetine administration increases cell proliferation in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of adult rat.

Background There has been increasing evidence that atypical antipsychotics are effective in the treatment of mood disorders or for augmenting 5-hydroxytryptamine selective reuptake inhibitors for treatment-resistant depression. Methods Upregulation of neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus is a marker of antidepressant activity, and the present study investigated the influence of the atypical antipsychotic drug olanzapine on cell proliferation in the hippocampus of adult rat. The regulation of cell proliferation in the prelimbic cortex of adult rat was also examined. Results Chronic (21 days) olanzapine administration increased the number of newborn cells in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus to the same extent as fluoxetine. Olanzapine or fluoxetine treatment also increased the number of proliferating cells in the prelimbic cortex. In contrast, there was no effect of either drug in the subventricular zone or primary motor cortex, and there was a trend for an increase in the striatum. Subchronic (7 days) administration of olanzapine had no effect on cell proliferation in hippocampus or prelimbic cortex, consistent with the time course for the effect of fluoxetine and the therapeutic actions of antidepressant treatment. The combination of olanzapine plus fluoxetine did not result in a greater induction of cell proliferation in either brain region. Analysis of the cell phenotype demonstrated that approximately 20% of the newborn cells in the prelimbic cortex differentiated into endothelial cells but not neurons, in contrast to the dentate gyrus, where most newborn cells differentiated into neurons. Conclusions The results demonstrate that antidepressant or atypical antipsychotic medications can increase the proliferation of glia in limbic brain structures, an effect that could reverse the loss of glia that has been observed in depressed patients.
Exact Faxén Solution for Centrifugation when Sedimentation depends linearly on Concentration

THE solution given by Faxen to the Lamm equation has been discussed by several authors1–3. It contains two types of approximation, the first of which assumes that the ultra-centrifuge is infinitely long, and the second assumes that both the sedimentation and diffusion coefficients are independent of concentration. Although an exact solution is available for realistic boundary conditions4, the Faxen solution has so far proved to be of considerable utility in applications. It is, therefore, still of some interest to analyse the Faxen type models. Fujita has proposed a model for the ultracentrifuge in which the diffusion constant is independent of concentration but the sedimentation coefficient depends linearly on concentration: where s is the sedimentation coefficient and c is the concentration5. The original paper by Fujita contained an approximate solution to this modified Faxen problem. It is the purpose of this communication to point out that an exact solution is available for the Fujita model. The basic solution is given here and is in a form which can be treated easily by numerical methods.
Enabling accent resilient speech based information retrieval

Voice interfaces to browsers and mobile applications are becoming popular as typing with touch screens is cumbersome. The main issue of practical speech based interfaces is how to overcome speech recognition errors. This problem is more severe when the users are non-native speakers of English due to differences in pronunciations. In this paper, we describe a novel, intelligent speech interface design approach for IR tasks that is significantly robust to accent variations. Our solution uses phonemic similarity based word spreading and semantic information based filtering to boost the accuracy of any ASR. We evaluated our solution with Google Voice as the ASR for a web question-answering system developed in-house and the results are very encouraging.
A comprehensive model of the spectrin divalent tetramer binding region deduced using homology modeling and chemical cross-linking of a mini-spectrin

Spectrin dimer-tetramer interconversion is a critical contributor to red cell membrane stability, but some properties of spectrin tetramer formation cannot be studied effectively using monomeric recombinant domains. To address these limitations, a fused αβ mini-spectrin was produced that forms wild-type divalent tetramer complexes. Using this mini-spectrin, a medium-resolution structure of a seven-repeat bivalent tetramer was produced using homology modeling coupled with chemical cross-linking. Inter- and intramolecular cross-links provided critical distance constraints for evaluating and optimizing the best conformational model and appropriate docking interfaces. The two strands twist around each other to form a super-coiled, rope-like structure with the AB helix face of one strand associating with the opposing AC helix face. Interestingly, two tetramer site hereditary anemia mutations that exhibit wild-type binding in univalent head-to-head assays are located in the interstrand region. This suggests that perturbations of the interstrand region can destabilize spectrin tetramers and the membrane skeleton. The α subunit N-terminal cross-links to multiple sites on both strands, demonstrating that this non-homologous tail remains flexible and forms heterogeneous structures in the tetramer complex. Although no cross-links were observed involving the β subunit non-homologous C-terminal tail, several cross-links were observed only when this domain was present, suggesting it induces subtle conformational changes to the tetramer site region. This medium-resolution model provides a basis for further studies of the bivalent spectrin tetramer site, including analysis of functional consequences of interstrand interactions and mutations located at substantial molecular distances from the tetramer site.
THE GEOGRAPHY OF DEATH IN ENGLAND AND WALES1

(1962). THE GEOGRAPHY OF DEATH IN ENGLAND AND WALES. Annals of the Association of American Geographers: Vol. 52, No. 2, pp. 130-149.
INGESTION OF EGG RAISES PLASMA LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS IN FREE-LIVING SUBJECTS

In addition to their usual diet, 17 lactovegetarian college students consumed 400 kcal of test foods per day containing one extra-large egg for three weeks and similar isocaloric eggless foods for an additional three weeks in a randomised double-blind crossover trial. Ingestion of the egg increased dietary cholesterol from 97 to 418 mg per day. Mean plasma low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol was 12% higher (p = 0.005) and mean plasma apolipoprotein B was 9% higher (p = 0.007) when eggs were being consumed than during the eggless period. Mean plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoproteins A-I and A-II, very low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and total triglycerides did not change significantly. Thus, ingestion of egg seems selectively to raise cholesterol and protein in LDL particles in the plasma of free-living normal people. Plasma LDL may be more sensitive to cholesterol at low intakes than at moderate to high intakes.
The Interaction of Cognition and Affect: The Issue of Free Trade

A great deal of research is needed on the impact of economics instruction on student opinions. Professor Thompson attempts to help meet this need by determining the extent to which the cognitive and affective domains interact. Specifically, he asks whether or not an increase in student understanding in the content area of international trade is correlated with a change in attitude toward policy issues surrounding that subject. In this article, Thompson describes his 66-item “attitudinal survey,” explains the research design (involving both experimental and control groups), provides statistical data on the pre- and posttests, reveals some of the problems encountered in doing the study, and concludes that “our efforts do indeed have an effect on the way students view the world.”
NCATE Accreditation: Getting the Most from the Self-Study.

Le Conseil National pour l'Habilitation de la Formation des Enseignants (NCATE) veut ameliorer la qualite des enseignements et ainsi, rehabiliter la formation des enseignants. Dans ce but, deux mission principales lui sont attribuees : veiller a la formation des enseignants ( un enseignement professionnel de bonne qualite assure la competence des enseignants) et encourager les etablissements a imposer des standards et normes d'excellence dans la formation des enseignants. Les AA. decrivent l'evolution d'un etablissement
Neural activity differs between explicit and implicit learning of artificial grammar strings: An fMRI study

Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to investigate the neural areas underlying retrieval of implicit and explicit knowledge about letter strings. Participants studied strings formed according to an artificial grammar, then performed implicit-learning-based judgments (judging the grammatical status of the string) or explicit-learning-based judgments (recognition) on novel grammatical strings. In comparison with a baseline task, recognition and grammatical judgments led to different patterns of neural activation: Recognition activated the right frontal cortex, whereas grammatical judgment activated the left frontal cortex. Recognition led to higher activity in the precuneus and medial occipital cortex, whereas grammatical judgments led to suppression of activity in the precuneus and activation in the lateral occipital cortex. When the surface structure of the strings was changed, grammatical judgments led to bilateral frontal activity and bilateral but left-lateralized activity in the occipital and parietal lobes. These results provide further evidence for a dissociation between the neural bases of implicit and explicit learning.
Characteristics of Advanced Adenomas Detected at CT Colonographic Screening: Implications for Appropriate Polyp Size Thresholds for Polypectomy Versus Surveillance

OBJECTIVE. Advanced adenomas are the primary target in colorectal screening. The purpose of this study was to delineate the prevalence and imaging characteristics of advanced adenomas detected at screening CT colonography (CTC) and the rates of invasive carcinoma and high-grade dysplasia for various polyp size categories. These observations may be a basis for formulation of polypectomy thresholds and CTC surveillance strategies.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The imaging and pathologic findings for polyps measuring 6 mm or more obtained from a CTC screening population of 3,536 persons during a 32-month period were retrospectively reviewed. From this group, prevalence, size, histologic features, morphologic features, and location of advanced adenomas were tabulated. Advanced adenomas were defined by size (≥ 10 mm) and/or histologic findings (prominent villous component or high-grade dysplasia).RESULTS. A total of 123 (38.3%) of 321 adenomas measuring 6 mm or more were classified as advanced, the overall prevalence ...