cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Perspectives on oncofertility from demography and economics.

The science of demography focuses on the drivers of population dynamics: fertility, mortality, and migration. Demography is inherently interdisciplinary and draws on theory from a range of social sciences, including sociology, economics, and anthropology. The demographers’ approach to fertility research at a given time is grounded in the contemporaneous fertility trends and fertility-related technology at the societal and individual levels. The science of contraception is well-documented, and the science of infertility is scant. Nevertheless, the sociological, economic, and anthropological concepts on which demographers have drawn to explain fertility patterns and contraceptive behavior can be usefully applied to infertility. Here, I begin to lay out how demographic theory and concepts from economics can shed light on questions of interest to researchers in the emerging field of oncofertility, the preservation of biological fertility in cancer patients.
Relational mate value: Consensus and uniqueness in romantic evaluations

Classic evolutionary and social exchange perspectives suggest that some people have more mate value than others because they possess desirable traits (e.g., attractiveness, status) that are intrinsic to the individual. This article broadens mate value in 2 ways to incorporate relational perspectives. First, close relationships research suggests an alternative measure of mate value: whether someone can provide a high quality relationship. Second, person perception research suggests that both trait-based and relationship quality measures of mate value should contain a mixture of target variance (i.e., consensus about targets, the classic conceptualization) and relationship variance (i.e., unique ratings of targets). In Study 1, participants described their personal conceptions of mate value and revealed themes consistent with classic and relational approaches. Study 2 used a social relations model blocked design to assess target and relationship variances in participants� romantic evaluations of opposite-sex classmates at the beginning and end of the semester. In Study 3, a one-with-many design documented target and relationship variances among long-term opposite-sex acquaintances. Results generally revealed more relationship variance than target variance; participants� romantic evaluations were more likely to be unique to a particular person rather than consensual. Furthermore, the relative dominance of relationship to target variance was stronger for relational measures of mate value (i.e., relationship quality projections) than classic trait-based measures (i.e., attractiveness, resources). Finally, consensus decreased as participants got to know one another better, and long-term acquaintances in Study 3 revealed enormous amounts of relationship variance. Implications for the evolutionary, close relationships, and person-perception literatures are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved)
Impact of the Spring 2000 phytoplankton bloom in Chesapeake Bay on optical properties and light penetration in the Rhode River, Maryland

Accelerating eutrophication manifest as increasing frequency and magnitude of phytoplankton blooms threatens living resources in many estuaries. Effects of large blooms can be difficult to document because blooms are often unexpected and do not always coincide with scheduled sampling programs. Here we use continuously monitored salinity distributions and optical properties to study the spring bloom of the red tide dinoflagellate,Prorocentrumminimum, in the Rhode River, Maryland, a tributary embayment of upper Chesapeake Bay. Salinity distributions, together with weekly cruise measurements of nutrient concentrations, indicate that the bloom commenced with an influx of nitrate at the mouth due to the arrival of a freshet from the Susquehanna River. Arrival of this freshet at the mouth set up an unstable, inverse salinity gradient within the Rhode River. Continuously monitored absorption and scattering spectra indicated that increases in chlorophyll within the Rhode River initially were due to the influx of chlorophyll that had developed in the main stem of the bay. After the influx, much higher concentrations and steep spatial gradients developed within the Rhode River, subsequent to reduced mixing that accompanied re-establishment of a normal estuarine salinity gradient. We used the monitored absorption and scattering coefficients to determine the effect of the bloom on light attenuation coefficients in the Rhode River. The bloom resulted in a nearly three-fold increase in attenuation coefficient. Attenuation was dominated by chlorophyll in the early stages of the bloom and by detritus after the termination of the bloom. Although the bloom lasted only 20 d, the elevated attenuation coefficients due to the bloom exceeded values that would permit growth of submersed vascular plants for a period of about 45 d.
Routing in max-min fair networks: A game theoretic approach

In this paper, we study the problem of routing in networks with max-min fair congestion control at the link level. The goal of each user is to maximize its own bandwidth by selecting its path. The problem is formulated as a non-cooperative game. We first prove the existence of Nash Equilibria. This is important, because at a Nash Equilibrium (NE), no user has the incentive to change its routing strategy. In addition, we investigate how the selfish behavior of the users may affect the performance of the network as a whole. We next introduce a novel concept of observed available bandwidth on each link. It allows a user to find a path with maximum bandwidth under max-min fair congestion control in polynomial time. We then present a game based algorithm to compute an NE and prove that by following the natural game course the network converges to an NE. Extensive experiments show that the network can converge to an NE in less than 10 iterations and also significantly improves the fairness compared with other algorithms. Our results have the implication for the future routing protocol design.
CMOS RF and DC reliability subject to hot carrier stress and oxide soft breakdown

Hot carrier and soft breakdown effects are evaluated experimentally. A methodology to systematically study hot carrier and soft breakdown effects on RF circuits is developed. Device stress measurement and SpectreRF simulation are conducted to evaluate the impact of hot carrier and soft breakdown effects on RF circuits such as low-noise amplifier and voltage-controlled oscillator performances. Two design techniques to build reliable RF circuits are proposed.
Arsenic geochemistry in three soils contaminated with sodium arsenite pesticide: An incubation study

The potential for human exposure to arsenic (As), a group A carcinogen, has increased tremendously because of the encroachment of suburban areas into former agricultural lands, where arsenical pesticides were used extensively prior to the 1990s. Many baseline risk assessments of As-enriched sites assume that all (100%) As present in the soil is bioavailable because of the high expenses and logistical difficulties associated with conducting site-specific in-vivo studies to measure bioavailable As fractions. This assumption seriously overestimates the actual risk because various geochemical forms of As are insoluble in human gastric/intestinal juices and are not likely to be bioavailable. A laboratory incubation study was conducted to estimate bioavailable As as a function of soil properties. Three different soil types were chosen based on their potential differences with respect to As reactivity: an acid sand with minimal As retention capacity, a sandy loam with relatively high concentration of Fe/Al oxides, and an organic (muck) soil with high Fe/Al, Ca/Mg content with potential for higher As retention capacity. Our results show that soil properties had a marked impact on geochemical speciation of As. Hysteritic adsorption of As onto Fe/Al oxides significantly decreased bioavailability of As in both Millhopper and Pahokee Muck soils, which have high concentrations of Fe and Al. High concentration of organic matter in Pahokee Muck soil solubilized As, resulting in higher bioavailability in Pahokee Muck soil compared to the Millhopper soil, although Pahokee Muck soil has higher concentrations of Fe and Al. The soils varied significantly in terms of soil speciation and bioavailability of As, indicating significant effect of soil properties on As biogeochemistry. Rupali Datta is a research assistant professor at the University of Texas at San Antonio. Datta received her Ph.D. in life sciences from the University of Hyderabad in India and did her postdoctoral training in Niigata University, Japan, University of Florida, Gainesville, and University of Texas, San Antonio. Her research interest is in application of plant genetics and molecular biology to solve environmental remediation problems.Dibyendu Sarkar is an assistant professor and the director of the Environmental Geochemistry Laboratory at the University of Texas at San Antonio. Sarkar received his Ph.D. from the University of Tennessee and did his postdoctoral training at the University of Florida. His areas of expertise include soil chemistry, environmental quality and remediation, and risk assessment. Sarkar is also an associate editor of Environmental Geosciences .
Electronic structure, charge transfer excitations and high temperature superconductivity

High precision local density electronic band structure results (for YBa2Cu3O7, YBa2Cu3O6 and GdBa2Cu3O7) lead to the possibly important role of charge transfer excitations as the mechanism of high-Tc superconductivity, and explain the coexistence of magnetism and superconductivity in the high-Tc rare-earth superconductors.
Response to color by male and female Frankliniella occidentalis during swarming and non-swarming behavior

Responses of male and female Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) to colors of various hues and brightness levels were compared between swarming and non-swarming behavior periods. Relative rankings of color preference were similar between males and females and between swarming and non-swarming behavior periods. Numbers of thrips were higher on blues, violets, white and somewhat less on some yellows, while lower numbers were found on greens, reds, some yellows and highly UV reflective white. The effect of UV reflection on thrips response to color depended upon the amount of UV reflectance. Highly UV reflective white (78% reflectance at 365 nm) captured very few thrips compared with low UV white (14% reflectance at 365 nm), but colors with less than 35% UV reflectance had no negative effect on numbers of thrips captured compared with their lower UV counterparts. Correlations of average preference rank of colors across all tests with relative rank of brightness of the colors (based on the area under the reflectance curve in different spectral ranges) indicated highly significant correlations of preference with the brightness in the blue-violet range (R = 0.69 for females; R = 0.86 for males, P < 0.0021), but no significant correlation with brightness in the visible, green-yellow, or UV range. This contrasts with previous physiological research which indicates that spectral response efficiency of this species peaks in the UV and at 540 nm (green-yellow range). Several possible physiological, behavioral and color brightness explanations for this discrepancy are discussed. Significantly higher numbers of male thrips were trapped during swarming (4.5–6.3 ×) compared with non-swarming behavior periods. Significantly higher numbers of males were trapped than females during swarming behavior periods, but more females were trapped than males during non-swarming behavior periods. Sex ratios during non-swarming periods approximated sex ratios found in populations in plants. Based on the density change relative to sex ratio change between behavior periods, there was an indication of a greater change in male behavior than in female behavior. Since males and females responded similarly to color during both behavior periods and attractive colors were similar to flower colors, this suggests that male thrips use resource-based areas for aggregation sites.
Regional disparities in homeownership trajectories: Impacts of affordability, new construction, and immigration

Abstract In contrast to the 1980s, we find substantial increases in the homeownership rates of young adults in the 1990s. Focusing on the younger half of the baby boom generation, aged 35 to 44 in 2000, we explore the factors that caused steeper trajectories into homeownership in some metropolitan areas. Factors include prices and incomes, housing construction relative to employment growth, and rates of household formation and immigration. Homeownership gains are modeled separately for whites, blacks, Asians, and Hispanics. Our findings highlight the importance of household formation on regional homeownership rates. Evidence shows greater homeownership gains in areas with greater rent increases, indicating lower relative costs of owning, and with greater price increases, indicating greater investment incentives. Our findings also underscore the importance of keeping housing construction consistent with employment growth. Finally, the effect of immigration was especially important for Hispanics, sharply de...
A Semantic Network Analysis of the International Communication Association

This article examines the structure of the International Communication Association (ICA) through semantic network analysis. Semantic network analysis examines the relationships among a system's components based on the shared meanings of symbols. Galileo analysis and Quadratic Analysis Procedure revealed that the semantic network for ICA based on paper titles presented to its divisions and interest groups at its 1991 conference had a high degree of correspondence with the affiliation structure reported by Barnett and Danowski. Both networks differentiated the humanistic divisions from the scientific, the mediated from the interpersonal, and the theoretical from the applied. The results are taken to be an indication of the validity of the procedures employed for determining semantic networks. Finally, results are interpreted in regard to Human Communication Research's relationship to its parent organization, ICA.
Pectic Enzymes and Development of the Pear (Pyrus communis)

SUMMARY— Changes in firmness, protein, pectinesterase (PE) and polygalacturonase (PG) were followed during enlargement, maturation, and abnormal ripening of the Bartlett pear (Pyrus communis) on the tree. Although the PE activity per pear increased during maturation, with a good correlation with total weight (r= 0.93 and 0.87 for 1962 and 1963), the amount of activity per gram fresh weight and per milligram protein decreased. There was a high correlation between PE activity and protein (r= 0.84 and 0.91 for 1962 and 1963). The specific activity of the enzyme decreased during maturation. As the fruit matured and ripened on the tree, the percent recovery of PE decreased. The use of polyvinylpyrrolidone in the extraction procedure to adsorb the phenolic compounds counteracted this trend. It was concluded that the small changes in PE activity could not account for the changes in esterification of pectin observed by other investigators. Variable results were obtained with the PG assays. Weak PG activity was observed in the immature fruit in 1962 and 1963. No activity was observed in 1966, even in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone.
Training characteristics of qualifiers for the U.S. Olympic Marathon Trials.

Purpose: To describe and compare training characteristics of the 2004 U.S. Olympic Marathon Trials qualifi ers. Methods: All qualifi ers (104 men, 151 women) received questionnaires. Ninety-three (37 men, 56 women) responded and were categorized as elite (men <2 hours 15 minutes, women <2 hours 40 minutes) or national class. Results: Men and women ran 75% and 68% of their weekly training distance, respectively, below marathon race pace. Men trained longer than women (12.2 ± 5.3 vs 8.8 ± 5.6 years), ran more often (8.7 ± 2.8 vs 7.1 ± 2.5 times/wk), and ran farther (145.3 ± 25.6 vs 116.0 ± 26.5 km/wk). Elite women ran more than national-class women (135.8 ± 31.5 vs 111.3 ± 23.3 km/wk). Distances run at specifi c intensities were similar between sexes. For men and women, respectively, 49% and 31% did not have a coach and 65% and 68% trained alone. Marathon performance correlated to 5-km, 10-km, and half-marathon performance and to years training, average and peak weekly distance, number of weekly runs, and number of runs ≥32 km for women. Conclusions: Among U.S. Olympic Marathon Trials qualifi ers, there is no consensus as to how to prepare for the marathon beyond running at a pace slower than race pace. Weekly training distance seems to infl uence womenʼs marathon performance more than it does menʼs. Because many of these athletes train alone and without a coach, further research is warranted on the reasons that these athletes train the way they do.
MERGING USES AND GRATIFICATIONS AND EXPECTANCY-VALUE THEORY

This investigation provides support for a process model of uses and gratifications based upon an expectancy-value approach. Results of the study supported the hypothesis that gratifications obtained are strongly related to the beliefs about media attributes but are not related to evaluations of those attributes. Also, the belief X evaluation products are correlated with gratifications obtained. When controls were instituted for certain intervening variables posited by the model, the hypothesized reductions in various relationships occurred. The model has significant implications for media consumption processes. Further, the results demonstrated that gratifications sought and obtained may be measured at the same level of abstraction, contrary to earlier speculation.
Canonical Correlation Analysis Relating Age At First Egg, Bodyweight At First Egg And Weight Of First Egg With Egg Production At Different Periods In A Strain Of Layer Type Chicken

The relationship between age at first egg (AFE), bodyweight at first egg (BWFE), weight of first egg (WFE), with egg numbers recorded at 20–28 weeks (EN1), 28 – 35 weeks (EN2) and 35 – 42 weeks (EN3) was evaluated using canonical correlation analysis. Two hundred layers contributed the data used for the study. Estimated canonical correlations between three pairs of canonical variates were 0.667, 0.247 and 0.047. Only the canonical correlation between the first pair of canonical variates (0.667) was significant (p<0.001) based on the likelihood ratio test. Canonical weights and loadings from canonical correlation analysis showed that weight of first egg had the largest contribution to the variation in egg number at the three different periods compared with AFE and BWFE. Therefore, WFE could be used as a selection criterion for selecting good performance layers in terms of egg number.
Properties of proinsulin and related polypeptides.

(1972). Properties of Proinsulin and Related Polypeptide. CRC Critical Reviews in Biochemistry: Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 59-94.
Signal Detection Performance with a Haptic Device

Haptic interfaces are becoming more widely used in virtual reality simulations because of their enhancement to performance in training and simulation. Unintended vibration degrades the effectiveness of a haptic device and can reduce the user's ability to detect small details in the surface of simulated hard objects. Two important design factors for controlling haptic device vibrations are servo update rate and resistive force magnitude. This work employs a signal detection and receiver operator characteristic methodology to evaluate the interaction of these two factors on a user's ability to perceive small details in a hard surface. In a two-factor, full factorial experiment, six male research participants rated their confidence in detecting a 5mm upward step along a simulated hard surface. The independent variables were resistive force magnitude (1.63N or 4.88N) and update rate (468Hz or 1630Hz). The results indicate a significant interaction of the two variables. Participants demonstrated a 69% success ...
CHANGE OF P-WAVE AXIS PREDICTS GOOD CLINICAL OUTCOME AFTER ANTERIOR LINEAR ABLATION FOR LONGSTANDING PERSISTENT ATRIAL FIBRILLATION

Radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) is effective for rhythm control in longstanding persistent atrial fibrillation (L-PeAF); however, long-term recurrence is observed. We explored whether changes in P-wave morphology on electrocardiography (ECG) is related to the long-term recurrence of AF after
Quantum oscillations in the surface states of topological Kondo insulators

SmB has been predicted to be a strong topological Kondo insulator and experimentally it has been confirmed that at low temperatures the electrical conductivity only takes place at the surfaces of the crystal. Quantum oscillations and ARPES measurements revealed several Dirac cones on the (0 0 1) and (1 0 1) surfaces of the crystal. We considered four models for surface Dirac cones with an additional parabolic dispersion and studied their Landau quantization and the expectation value of the spin of the electrons. The Landau quantization is quite similar in all four cases and would give rise to similar de Haas-van Alphen oscillations. The spin-momentum locking, on the other hand, differs dramatically. Without the additional parabolic dispersion the spins are locked in the plane of the surface. The parabolic dispersion, however, produces a gradual canting of the spins out of the surface plane. The NMR Korringa relaxation and Knight shift of B nuclei in the topological Kondo insulator SmB are discussed and we...
Religious intermarriage in Switzerland, 1969-72 and 1979-82.

Patterns of marriage between Protestants and Roman Catholics in Switzerland during 1969–72 and 1979–82 are investigated using magnitudes of marriage attraction, measures that reflect the propensity to marry independent of population composition. The results show high levels of intermarriage, with religious differences becoming less salient in marriage choice. There is no evidence that the propensity to intermarry is influenced by ‘minority group’ effects.
Competitive repertoire complexity: Governance antecedents and performance outcomes

Research summary: Past inquiry has found that implementing complex competitive repertoires (i.e., diverse and dynamic arrays of actions) is challenging, but firms benefit from doing so. Our examination of the antecedents and outcomes of complex competitive repertoires develops a more nuanced perspective. Data from 1,168 firms in 204 industries reveal that complexity initially harms performance, but then becomes a positive factor, except at high levels. We use agency and tournament theories, respectively, to examine how key governance mechanisms—ownership structure and executive compensation—help shape firms' competitive repertoires. We find that the principals of agency theory and the pay gap of tournament theory are both important antecedents of competitive complexity, and an interaction exists wherein firms build especially complex repertoires when both influences are strong. Managerial summary: In boxing, the fight does not always go to the bigger or stronger person, or even to whomever throws the most punches—the fight is sometimes won by the boxer who is unpredictable, such as throwing an uppercut when the opponent expected a right hook. Similarly, when companies compete in the marketplace, advantage is afforded not only to those with more resources or who engage in more competitive activity, but also to those whose actions are unpredictable. In this study, we develop the notion of “competitive complexity,” which describes the diversity and changing nature of a company's competitive moves. Implementing complex competitive repertoires can be painful in the short term but, if done correctly, can help company performance in the long run. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimental study of nanoscale Co damascene BEOL interconnect structures

We characterize integrated dual damascene Co and Cu BEOL lines and vias, at 10 nm node dimensions. The Co to Cu line resistance ratios for 24 nm and 220 nm wide lines were 2.1 and 3.5, respectively. The Co via resistance was just 1.7 times that of Cu, with the smaller ratio attributed to the barrier layer series via resistance. Electrical continuity of Co via chain structures was good, while some chain-chain shorts and leakage suggests metal residuals from the Co polish process. The Co lines and vias, fabricated using conventional BEOL processes, exhibit good Co fill by TEM, with no visible evidence of Co in the dielectric. The relatively smaller resistance increase for Co vias suggests a potential via resistance benefit, a thinner or less resistive barrier can be employed. Co line resistance will likely not be competitive with Cu until after the next technology node.
Appraisal of Land’s Work on Two-Primary Colour Projections

AbstractAn analysis of the results of Land's experiments with two-primary colour projections has been carried out in terms of the known phenomena of object-colour perception. It is shown that no new theory is required for the prediction of Land’s result that two-primary colour projections can produce object-colour perceptions of all hues; nor for his result that many choices of pairs of primaries yield substantially the same object-colour perceptions. Land’s hypothesis that when the colours of the patches of light making up a scene are restricted to a one-dimensional variation of any sort, the observer usually perceives the objects in that scene as essentially without hue, is new; several special cases of it are supported by previous work as well as Land's. This hypothesis deserves the serious attention of research workers in object-colour perception.
CGT-CFDT Relations: ‘Conflictual Unity’?

As the preceding chapter revealed, the two most powerful unions, the CGT and CFDT, often co-operate during the course of strikes, forming joint strike committees, setting common demands and bargaining together with management. On the other hand, these two unions are much less likely to form working coalitions with the ‘moderate’ unions — FO, CTFC, and CGC.1 There are several practical reasons for CGT-CFDT co-operation. First, as these militants admit, and other research demonstrates, ‘unity of action’ (unite d’action) between the CGT and CFDT enhances their effectiveness. Individually, the two unions possess limited capacity to mobilise workers and confront management from a position of strength. Together, however, they are much better able to attract worker support, control strike action, and wrest concessions from management.2 The CGT and CFDT, moreover, often co-operate because workers demand it. Militants of both unions assert that workers complain about union division, constantly asking them, ‘Why don’t you guys get together?’ Finally these unions co-operate frequently out of their common ideological opposition to capitalism.
Toward a Nondiscursive Turn in Argentine Documentary Film

The documentary films examined in this chapter announce a new paradigm: a “nondiscursive turn” that emerges in several films that deal with spatial inscriptions of Argentina’s recent past. These films do not use voice over, testimonies, or explanations; instead, they produce a poetic effect whose goal is to defamiliarize the spectator with quotidian images so that he or she can truly see them or see them otherwise. Among them, Jonathan Perel’s El predio (The Site, 2010) and Tabula rasa (2013) record a former clandestine detention center turned into a memory site, while Toponimia (Toponymy, 2015) focuses on towns that the military built in the Tucuman province, an epicenter for a 1970s guerrilla movement. In a similar vein, Martin Oesterheld’s La multitud (The Multitude, 2012) narrates the fate of two abandoned sites in the city of Buenos Aires. These abandoned, ruinous spaces haunt the spectator with unfulfilled promises of the future. At the same time, they help us understand the challenges of the present: state repression toward shantytown inhabitants, shady real estate speculations, and environmental issues.
Essence, Absence, Uselessness: Engaging Non-Euro-American Rhetorics Interologically

Using the carpenter story from the Zhuangzi as a representative anecdote, the article argues that the art of re-contextualization is interological in orientation and transformative in practice. Drawing on the rhetoric of Dao, it further sketches out the discursive affinities between the art of re-contextualization with its focus on “facts of usage” and “facts of non-usage,” on the one hand, and the interological sensibility marked by the presence of interbeing and becoming, on the other. The article ends by calling on transcending binary logic and developing new terms of engagement for non-Euro-American rhetorics. Cet article se rapporte a la parabole du charpentier selon Zhuangzi comme anecdote pertinente pour soutenir que l’art de la recontextualisation est interologique en orientation et transformatif en pratique. L’article d’autre part a recours a la rhetorique du Dao afin de decrire les affinites discursives entre, d’une part, un art de la recontextualisation mettant l’accent sur les « faits d’utilisation » et les « faits de non-utilisation » et, d’autre part, une sensibilite interologique marquee par la presence de l’interetre et du devenir. L’article se termine par l’affirmation qu’il faut transcender une logique binaire et trouver une nouvelle maniere d’aborder les rhetoriques qui ne sont pas euro-americaines.
Stretch and Diameter in Random Geometric Graphs

Consider the random geometric graph $$G = G(n,r_n,f)$$ consisting of n nodes independently distributed in $$S = \left[ -\frac{1}{2},\frac{1}{2}\right] ^2$$ each according to a density $$f({\cdot })$$ . Two nodes u and v are joined by an edge if the Euclidean distance between them is less than $$r_n.$$ Let $$C_G$$ denote the component of G containing the largest number of nodes and denote $$\text {diam}(C_G)$$ to be its diameter. Let s and t be the nodes of G closest to $$\left( -\frac{1}{2},\frac{1}{2}\right) $$ and $$\left( \frac{1}{2},\frac{1}{2}\right) ,$$ respectively and let $$d_G(s,t)$$ denote their graph distance. We prove that the normalized diameter $$\frac{r_n}{\sqrt{2}} \text {diam}(C_G)$$ and the stretch $$r_nd_G(s,t)$$ both converge to one in probability if $$nr_n^2 \rightarrow \infty $$ as $$n \rightarrow \infty $$ .
Comparing stream-specific to generalized temperature models to guide salmonid management in a changing climate

Global climate change is predicted to increase air and stream temperatures and alter thermal habitat suitability for growth and survival of coldwater fishes, including brook charr (Salvelinus fontinalis), brown trout (Salmo trutta), and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). In a changing climate, accurate stream temperature modeling is increasingly important for sustainable salmonid management throughout the world. However, finite resource availability (e.g. funding, personnel) drives a tradeoff between thermal model accuracy and efficiency (i.e. cost-effective applicability at management-relevant spatial extents). Using different projected climate change scenarios, we compared the accuracy and efficiency of stream-specific and generalized (i.e. region-specific) temperature models for coldwater salmonids within and outside the State of Michigan, USA, a region with long-term stream temperature data and productive coldwater fisheries. Projected stream temperature warming between 2016 and 2056 ranged from 0.1 to 3.8 °C in groundwater-dominated streams and 0.2–6.8 °C in surface-runoff dominated systems in the State of Michigan. Despite their generally lower accuracy in predicting exact stream temperatures, generalized models accurately projected salmonid thermal habitat suitability in 82% of groundwater-dominated streams, including those with brook charr (80% accuracy), brown trout (89% accuracy), and rainbow trout (75% accuracy). In contrast, generalized models predicted thermal habitat suitability in runoff-dominated streams with much lower accuracy (54%). These results suggest that, amidst climate change and constraints in resource availability, generalized models are appropriate to forecast thermal conditions in groundwater-dominated streams within and outside Michigan and inform regional-level salmonid management strategies that are practical for coldwater fisheries managers, policy makers, and the public. We recommend fisheries professionals reserve resource-intensive stream-specific models for runoff-dominated systems containing high-priority fisheries resources (e.g. trophy individuals, endangered species) that will be directly impacted by projected stream warming.
A revisionist history of adult marrow stem cell biology or ‘they forgot about the discard’

The adult marrow hematopoietic stem cell biology has largely been based on studies of highly purified stem cells. This is unfortunate because during the stem cell purification the great bulk of stem cells are discarded. These cells are actively proliferating. The final purified stem cell is dormant and not representative of the whole stem cell compartment. Thus, a large number of studies on the cellular characteristics, regulators and molecular details of stem cells have been carried on out of non-represented cells. Niche studies have largely pursued using these purified stem cells and these are largely un-interpretable. Other considerations include the distinction between baseline and transplant stem cells and the modulation of stem cell phenotype by extracellular vesicles, to cite a non-inclusive list. Work needs to proceed on characterizing the true stem cell population.
A data preprocessing technique for gesture recognition based on extended-Kalman-filter

Gesture recognition derived from skeletal data plays an important role in our TaiChi rehabilitation training and evaluation system. This paper investigates an extended-Kalman-filter-based preprocessing method to fix those incomplete and inconsistent kinematic sensory data. To evaluate the performance of preprocessing, several representative classifiers such as support-vector-machine (SVM), decision tree, and K-nearest neighbor (KNN) are also employed and investigated in gesture recognition. The addressed work is critically assessed using two open-access Kinect-oriented data sets and one Tai-Chi kinematic data set as benchmark. The experimental results show that the addressed preprocessing technique can improve the gesture recognition rate, and that among the classifiers addressed in this work, SVM has superior performance than others.
SEDIMENT YIELD COMPUTED WITH UNIVERSAL EQUATION

Sediment yield from watersheds is predicted by modifying the Universal Soil Loss Equation and using a delivery ratio. All factors of the equation except the rainfall factor are modified to increase computational efficiency. In addition, the erosion-control-practice factor is expanded to include the separate effect of grassed waterways. Delivery ratios are computed for five small blackland watersheds and related to watershed characteristics. Step-wise multiple regression was used to develop equations for predicting delivery ratios. The regression analysis showed that the most important watershed characteristic, slope of the main stem channel, explains about 99% of the variation in delivery ratios. The modified Universal Soil Loss Equation and the equation for predicting delivery ratios form a sediment yield model that should be useful in reservoir design and water quality studies.
Female fertility preservation in the pediatric and adolescent cancer patient population

The 5-year survival rate for childhood cancer is over 80%, thereby increasing the number of young women facing infertility in the future because of the gonadotoxic effects of chemotherapy and radiation. The gonadotoxic effects of childhood cancer treatment vary by the radiation regimen and the chemotherapeutic drugs utilized. Although the American Society of Clinical Oncology guidelines recommend fertility preservation for all patients, there are several barriers and ethical considerations to fertility preservation in the pediatric and adolescent female population. Additionally, the fertility preservation methods for pre- and postpubertal females differ, with only experimental methods available for prepubertal females. We will review the risk of chemotherapy and radiation on female fertility, the approach to fertility preservation in the pediatric and adolescent female population, methods of fertility preservation for both pre- and postpubertal females, barriers to fertility preservation, cost, and psychological and ethical considerations.
Horaz und sein umgestürzter Baum: die Möglichkeit einer lyrischen Philosophie?

Nietzsches Bemerkung aus der Gotzen-Dammerung, der lyrische Stil des Horaz sei ›vornehm par excellence‹ verdient aus zweierlei Grunden eine nahere Betrachtung: erstens, um zu klaren, welche spezifischen Aspekte des horazischen Stils Nietzsche bei dieser Behauptung im Blick hat, zweitens, um festzustellen, ob diese mit seinem Standpunkt in ›was ist vornehm?‹ im neunten Hauptstuck von Jenseits von Gut und Bose in Einklang steht. Im Folgenden mochte ich nietzscheanische Lekturen zweier horazischer Gedichte unternehmen, einerseits, um Nietzsches Standpunkt gegenuber Horaz zu veranschaulichen, und zweitens, um die betreffenden Aussagen in der Gotzen-Dammerung mit jenen aus Jenseits von Gut und Bose zu verknupfen. Dafur ist es zunachst notwendig, die Problematik herauszuarbeiten, die Nietzsche in Jenseits von Gut und Bose im Hinblick auf das Vornehme entwickelt und auf welche die Gotzen-Dammerung in gewisser Weise eine Antwort liefert.
Clinical Features of Posterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy

As mentioned earlier (see Chap. 19), posterior ischemic optic neuropathy (PION) can be classified into three types: (1) arteritic PION due to giant cell arteritis, (2) non-arteritic PION due to causes other than giant cell arteritis, and (3) surgical PION attributable to a surgical procedure. Therefore, their clinical features may show differences.
A Branching Random Walk

In this chapter we consider a continuous time spatial branching process. Births and deaths are as in the binary branching process. In addition we keep track of the spatial location of the particles. We use results about the binary branching process.
The Market for Change: Community Economic Development on a Wider Stage

Community economic development (CED) is distinguished by a specific agenda for broader development and accountability - for building local resources, economic capacity and political clout in lower- and moderate-income communities. Organizing and development of low-income communities must take account of microenterprise as the locus of substantial economic activity.
The Case Against Elective Lymphadenectomy

A critical review of the date regarding node dissections for patients with melanoma does not support the use of elective lymph node dissection. Both randomized clinical trials and the majority of retrospective clinical trials demonstrate equivalent survival for patients with intermediate thickness melanomas treated with wide local excision and elective lymph node dissection versus wide local excision only, with the addition of a therapeutic node dissection if clinically indicated. These data support the concept that a positive node is not a predecessor of distant spread, but rather a manifestation of disseminated disease and an indicator of the host-tumor relationship.
Validation of a CFD Model Predicting the Effect of High Level Lateral Acceleration Sloshing on the Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop in a Small-Scale Tank in Normal Gravity

A two-phase CFD model is developed to study the effects of sloshing with high level lateral acceleration on the heat transfer and pressure drop in a small scale tank. Computational results are compared to the data provided by a non-isothermal sloshing experiment without phase change conducted by T. Himeno et al. at the University of Tokyo and JAXA in 2011 [1]. The results of the current model are, also, compared to CFD predictions reported by Himeno et al. [2]. A step change in lateral acceleration was applied in the experiment. Different levels of lateral acceleration amplitude, varying between 0G and 0.5G, were considered. CFD results for interface movement and tank pressure are presented and compared in this paper to the experimental data for the case in which the value of lateral acceleration was set to 0.5G. The effects of initial and boundary conditions and turbulence modeling approach on the tank pressure change during sloshing are discussed in detail. The effect of conjugate heat transfer in the tank wall is also studied to show its important role in determining the tank pressure evolution. The results of the Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) models are compared to the results of the Large Eddy Simulation model (LES) to underscore the importance of correctly capturing the effects of turbulence for high fidelity predictions.
Optimizing Deep CNN Architectures for Face Liveness Detection

Face recognition is a popular and efficient form of biometric authentication used in many software applications. One drawback of this technique is that it is prone to face spoofing attacks, where an impostor can gain access to the system by presenting a photograph of a valid user to the sensor. Thus, face liveness detection is a necessary step before granting authentication to the user. In this paper, we have developed deep architectures for face liveness detection that use a combination of texture analysis and a convolutional neural network (CNN) to classify the captured image as real or fake. Our development greatly improved upon a recent approach that applies nonlinear diffusion based on an additive operator splitting scheme and a tridiagonal matrix block-solver algorithm to the image, which enhances the edges and surface texture in the real image. We then fed the diffused image to a deep CNN to identify the complex and deep features for classification. We obtained 100% accuracy on the NUAA Photograph Impostor dataset for face liveness detection using one of our enhanced architectures. Further, we gained insight into the enhancement of the face liveness detection architecture by evaluating three different deep architectures, which included deep CNN, residual network, and the inception network version 4. We evaluated the performance of each of these architectures on the NUAA dataset and present here the experimental results showing under what conditions an architecture would be better suited for face liveness detection. While the residual network gave us competitive results, the inception network version 4 produced the optimal accuracy of 100% in liveness detection (with nonlinear anisotropic diffused images with a smoothness parameter of 15). Our approach outperformed all current state-of-the-art methods.
Computation-Enabled Lensless Imaging & Deep-Brain Microscopy

We show imaging using only a CMOS image sensor, and fluorescence microscopy inside the mouse brain using a surgical needle and an image sensor, both enabled by computation including machine learning. © 2019 The Author(s)
Runoff volume by SCS method for the Alabama A&M University agricultural research station

This study was undertaken to determine and have the information on runoff volume that could be available for water reuse in cultivating crops. This information might help in decision making for water budgeting and achieving the best water management in crop cultivation practices. This research was conducted in the agricultural research station of Alabama A&M University in Hazel Green, Alabama. A part of the total research station, an area of 40.82 ha belongs to the Agronomy and Crop Science was selected with the hydrologic soil group of C and B of 24.49 and 16.33 ha, with land use pattern of straight row and small grain straight row, respectively. Both the land areas were in good conditions. Runoff volume was calculated by the SCS method and found to be 1.40 ha-m. Rainfall information as reported in earlier works and other related information and their applications were found to be suitable.
Mandibular Intraosseous Angiofibroma—A Rare Clinical Entity

Angiofibromas located in the maxillofacial region are rare and almost exclusively occur in adolescent males. These benign tumors are highly vascular, locally invasive, and commonly found in the nasopharyngeal space. In the present report, we describe a very rare case of an intraosseous mandibular angiofibroma in a 23-year-old male patient with histomorphologic and molecular confirmation. This type of tumor occurring in the mandible has been reported previously only once, to the best of our knowledge.
Implications for Psychological Practice with Sexual Minority Men around Body Image Issues: An Addendum to the APA's Guidelines for Psychological Practice with Boys and Men.

In 2018, the American Psychological Association published Guidelines for Psychological Practice with Boys and Men, in which there was only one mention of issues related to body image. This commenta...
Initial intraoperative experience with robotic-assisted pedicle screw placement with stealth navigation in pediatric spine deformity: an evaluation of the first 40 cases

Pedicle screw fixation in pediatric spine surgery has become common practice given the fixation stability and improved curve correction. However, due to proximity to vital structures, accuracy is paramount. Literature has reported accuracy rates from 87.5 to 90% using traditional freehand techniques. This study presents our initial experience with pedicle screw placement using the newest generation of spinal robotics for treatment of pediatric spinal deformity. A cohort of patients, aged 8–21 years, undergoing spinal fusion surgery using robotic-assisted technology was reviewed. Diagnoses, Cobb angles, surgical time, robot time, number of screws placed, and complications were recorded. Accuracy of screw placement was assessed based on analysis of successful screw execution, evaluation screw position using intraoperative fluoroscopy and post-operative radiographs, and clinical evaluation. The average age was 14.5 years. Prevalent diagnoses included idiopathic (65%) and neuromuscular scoliosis (13%). Mean preoperative curve measured 66.8°. The median time for operation was 235 minutes with medians of 8 levels fused and 5 screws placed per patient. Of the 314 screws placed, we recorded a 98.7% accuracy rate. Lateral deviation was the most common cause of malpositioning. Post-operative plain films revealed no grossly misplaced screws. There were no perioperative neurologic deficits or malpositioned screws requiring reoperation. This is the first reported series of navigated spinal robotics used for pedicle screw placement in children. Our clinical success rate was 98.7% and there were no clinically relevant screw related complications. The study shows promising initial results of combined robotic-navigation techniques in pediatric patients.
Gaps and Barriers to Successful Integration and Adoption of Practical Materials Informatics Tools and Workflows

Preparation of the future materials workforce consistent with major imperatives rooted in integrated computational materials engineering (ICME) and the materials genome initiative (MGI) is most effectively pursued within the vision of a materials innovation ecosystem that spans across conventional engineering, science, and computing disciplines. The ICME foundation integrates principles of materials science with computational methods, including increasing reliance on modern data science methods that are savvy to digital information that recognizes hierarchical material structure and the need for correlative relations for process-structure and structure-property relations. We consider gaps in academic research and education programs related to systems engineering, uncertainty quantification of both experiments and computation, and data science methods. Barriers to the introduction of materials data science are discussed, as well as opportunities for innovation in educating the future MGI and ICME workforce.