cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fresh AIRE for autoimmune disease genetics

Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS1)—a syndrome characterized by multiorgan autoimmunity and autoantibody production—is caused by mutations in AIRE (autoimmune regulator). AIRE is now understood to be a key transcriptional regulator in the thymus, where it induces the expression of diverse self-peptides so that developing autoreactive T cells can be recognized and eliminated. Patients with autosomal recessive APS1 carry homozygous AIRE mutations. Oftedal and colleagues now report a previously underappreciated class of dominant AIRE mutations that also cause autoimmunity. The authors initially identified a patient with clinical features of APS1 but a usually late disease onset. Genomic sequencing revealed a monoallelic mutation in AIRE that was shared with other family members with autoimmunity. No mutation on the second allele was found, suggesting that this variant could dominantly impair AIRE function, and cellular studies validated that this was the case. When the authors expressed the newly identified mutant AIRE in a thymic cell line, it colocalized with coexpressed wild-type AIRE and prevented target gene induction. Following this lead, the authors discovered that other autoimmunity-associated AIRE mutations also exhibited similar dominant negative effects. In fact, AIRE mutations could be classified as recessive or dominant-negative on the basis of their transcriptional effects. The dominant mutations clustered in the protein’s first PHD1 domain, which interacts with chromatin in a specific epigenetic state and is essential for AIRE-induced transactivation. Consistent with these in vitro findings, the authors identified additional patients who carried monoallelic mutations affecting the AIRE PHD1 domain. They exhibited a spectrum of autoimmune disease features—generally milder, less penetrant, later onset, and more organ-specific than is typical for APS1. AIRE mutations therefore explain a broader range of disease than previously appreciated, highlighting the diverse phenotypes that can arise from mutations in one gene. In addition to “classical” APS1 characterized by early-onset multiorgan autoimmune disease, the authors describe a new “nonclassical” form of disease caused by dominant-negative AIRE mutations associated with later onset, milder phenotypes, and incomplete penetrance. Just how many people are affected by some form this nonclassical syndrome remains to be determined. B. E. Oftedal et al ., Dominant mutations in the autoimmune regulator AIRE are associated with common organ-specific autoimmune diseases. Immunity 42 , 1185–1196 (2015). [[Abstract]][1] [1]: http://www.cell.com/immunity/abstract/S1074-7613(15)00210-1
Disability as a Dimension of Diversity

I review the qualitative evidence related to therapy with people with disabilities. I begin with a definition of evidence that emphasizes the lived experiences of people with disabilities. Following is a brief discussion of the conceptual factors related to research about people with disabilities. Five models of research in two paradigms (Olkin, Newsletter of the American Family Therapy Academy, #67, 27–32, 1997; What psychotherapists should know about disability. New York: Guilford Press, 1999) are described. The main focus is on a review of over 50 articles describing qualitative research related to people with disabilities as the articles pertain to therapy. Over three-quarters of the research emanates from outside the USA and is spread over a wide variety of journals, making it difficult for clinicians to locate qualitative research related to therapy with people with disabilities. Overall, there is a paucity of research on the topic. Ten factors that constrain research on disability are outlined. Research on disability has not emphasized social justice, oppression, discrimination, or microaggressions. Suggestions are given for different levels of qualitative research that would provide evidence for culturally competent therapy with people with disabilities.
We Have to Be Willing to Say the World Has Changed and Now We Have to Figure Out How to Deal With That: An Interview With Charles Levenstein, About New Solutions.

New Solutions: A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy has been published for 25 years. To acknowledge this milestone, Dr. Pia Markkanen interviewed Charles Levenstein, Editor Eme...
An injectable, calcium responsive composite hydrogel for the treatment of acute spinal cord injury.

Immediately following spinal cord injury, further injury can occur through several secondary injury cascades. As a consequence of cell lysis, an increase in extracellular Ca2+ results in additional neuronal loss by inducing apoptosis. Thus, hydrogels that reduce extracellular Ca2+ concentration may reduce secondary injury severity. The goal of this study was to develop composite hydrogels consisting of alginate, chitosan, and genipin that interact with extracellular Ca2+ to enable in situ gelation while maintaining an elastic modulus similar to native spinal cord (∼1000 Pa). It was hypothesized that incorporation of genipin and chitosan would regulate hydrogel electrostatic characteristics and influence hydrogel porosity, degradation, and astrocyte behavior. Hydrogel composition was varied to create hydrogels with statistically similar mechanical properties (∼1000 Pa) that demonstrated tunable charge characteristics (6-fold range in free amine concentration) and degradation rate (complete degradation betw...
Development and Validation of a Component Failure Model

We extend a methodology here for formalized development and validation of a component failure model in a system-modeling context. The component thermal-failure characterization problem we consider is a real one, having a rather full set of aspects and elements of model development and validation that may be encountered in practice. The interplay between modeling, experiments, and statistics illustrated here provides an interesting application example of model development and validation work.
Mechanisms of Morphological Evolution of Li2O2 Particles during Electrochemical Growth

Li-O2 batteries, wherein solid Li2O2 is formed at the porous air cathode during discharge, are candidates for high gravimetric energy (3212 Wh/kgLi2O2) storage for electric vehicles. Understanding and controlling the nucleation and morphological evolution of Li2O2 particles upon discharge is key to achieving high volumetric energy densities. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize the discharge product formed in Li-O2 batteries on electrodes composed of carpets of aligned carbon nanotubes. At low discharge rates, Li2O2 particles form first as stacked thin plates, ∼10 nm in thickness, which spontaneously splay so that secondary nucleation of new plates eventually leads to the development of a particle with a toroidal shape. Li2O2 crystallites have large (001) crystal faces consistent with the theoretical Wulff shape and appear to grow by a layer-by-layer mechanism. In contrast, at high discharge rates, copious nucleation of equiaxed Li2O2 particles precedes growth of discs and toroids.
Slow Movements of Bio-Inspired Limbs

Slow and accurate finger and limb movements are essential to daily activities, but the underlying mechanics is relatively unexplored. Here, we develop a mathematical framework to examine slow movements of tendon-driven limbs that are produced by modulating the tendons’ stiffness parameters. Slow limb movements are driftless in the sense that movement stops when actuations stop. We demonstrate, in the context of a planar tendon-driven system representing a finger, that the control of stiffness suffices to produce stable and accurate limb postures and quasi-static (slow) transitions among them. We prove, however, that stable postures are achievable only when tendons are pretensioned, i.e., they cannot become slack. Our results further indicate that a non-smoothness in slow movements arises because the precision with which individual stiffnesses need to be altered changes substantially throughout the limb’s motion.
Risk Factors of Infant Asthma

Objective To find the risk factors of infant asthma.Methods Seventy-six infants with recurrent wheezing(asthma and wheezing for more than or equal to 2 times),and 65 infants with bronchiolitis were chosen as wheezing group;82 infants with pneumonia and 107 normal infant were chosen as control group in this study.Written questionnaires about food feeding,asthma and allergic history of those babies and their family members(i.e.their parent),environmental factors and so on were given to those subjects.Results The risk factors of infant asthma were:asthma and allergic histories of parent and sibing,smoke histories of parent,serious morning sickness of mother,vegetarian of mother,lower education background of mother,allergic rhinitis and medical allergic histories of subjects.The protect factors of infant asthma were spontaneous delivery,given VitD during infant period,longer outdoor time during winter,longer sleep time pre-day,had water pipe and discharge pipe in family houses.Conclusion Just as children asthma,the individual allergic history and family histories are also the risk factors for infant asthma.
Effects of feeding Italian ryegrass on the growth performance and meat quality of New Zealand rabbit

The Italian ryegrass rice rotation(IRR) system is a representative ecological agriculture ecosystem developed in South China. To further promote the application of the IRR system, it is of great importance to develop suitable utilization modes of Italian ryegrass in feeding livestock and poultry. In the present study, the effects of applying Italian ryegrass(Lolium multiflorum) as green feeder in replacing part of concentrate feed on the growth performance and meat quality of New Zealand rabbits(Oryctolagus cuniculus) were investigated. The 60 days feeding experiment showed that replacing 50% concentrate feed with Italian ryegrass could increase the tare weight and carcass weight by 6% and 8%, respectively. The application of Italian ryegrass significantly decreased the meat fat contents(P0.05) while increased the contents of amino acids in tested rabbits, indicating that application of Italian ryegrass as green feeder can improve the meat quality of New Zealand rabbits.
Models of Choice: Partisanship

Partisanship models have received considerably more attention and empirical support than electoral-cycle models. Leading scholars, such as Alberto Alesina and Douglas Hibbs, have argued that partisanship is the most fundamental basis for political influence over macroeconomic policy and outcomes. There are, indeed, systematic partisan differences, but economic movements are so fluid that party differences often are overwhelmed by larger tides of change. A limitation in most of the existing studies of macroeconomic partisanship is that they have assumed that party differences regarding goals have remained fixed or constant. That assumption has rarely been documented or demonstrated, and I shall argue that partisan goals are in fact variable. Even fixed goals may be relaxed under certain circumstances that make them unusually costly, but I contend that partisan goals are themselves variable, subject to conditions that are still only poorly understood. Also, the institutional framework in which American parties operate is not constant. Changes in the institutions in which fiscal and monetary policies are made are likely to affect the implementation of alternative partisan goals, even if those goals were to remain constant (see Chapters 7 and 8). Most of the empirical demonstrations of partisan differences have focused on presumably fixed differences between the Democratic and Republican parties regarding control of the presidency. But a growing literature has argued that other patterns of variations in the control of office are also consequential. Most prominently, divided partisan control of the presidency and Congress can affect policy outcomes.
A Body Rising Toward the World

Enclosed you will find all manner of illustrated correspondence, composed across a few years as I turned myself over to more fully living the question: “How does one conduct a life that includes the practice of educational action research?”4 or what one might also call living aesthetic inquiry.5
The Nature of Matter and Materials

Abstract Biomaterials are materials. Materials and how are they structured is the subject of this chapter, a lead into subsequent chapters with discussions of the bulk (including mechanical) properties of materials, surface properties, and the role of water. This chapter also considers fundamental atomic and molecular interactions (predominantly electrostatic) that underlie subsequent chapters addressing specific classes of materials relevant to biomaterials (polymers, metals, ceramics, natural materials, and particulates).
Tax Avoidance and Future Profitability

Do firm managers invest the savings from tax avoidance in positive net present value projects that enhance future profitability or divert them towards perquisite consumption, rent extraction, and value destroying projects? We indirectly investigate this question by testing whether tax avoidance moderates the association between current and future profitability. Consistent with the negative implications of tax avoidance (e.g. rent extraction) we document that, on average, the main components of current profitability: margins, utilization of assets and operating liability leverage, result in lower future profitability for tax aggressive firms as compared to firms that are not tax aggressive. Further, the negative effect of lower margins is more robust and persistent than the impact of inefficient asset utilization and operating liability leverage. These results persist in various contexts that mitigate or exacerbate rent extraction, such as the existence of foreign operations, better governance structure, more transparency, industry leadership position, and across corporate life cycle stages.
Suboptimal Compliance With National Comprehensive Cancer Network Melanoma Guidelines: Who Is at Risk?

BACKGROUND National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) melanoma treatment guidelines are based on best available literature. We evaluated NCCN excision margin and sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) guideline adherence to identify patient populations at risk for suboptimal care. METHODS Retrospective review of prospectively maintained database of all patients who underwent operation for invasive melanoma from January 2005 to 2015. RESULTS In total, 865 patients underwent operation for 522 thin (60.3%), 268 intermediate-thickness (31.0%), and 75 thick (8.7%) melanomas. Tumor location was 349 extremity (40.4%), 348 trunk (40.2%), and 168 head/neck (19.4%). SLNB was performed in 422 patients (48.8%); 75 (17.8%) were positive, and 67 (15.9%) underwent therapeutic lymphadenectomy. A total of 154 lesions (17.8%) were ulcerated; 444 had mitotic rate ≥1 (51.3%). In total, 788 patients (91.1%) fulfilled both NCCN guidelines. Recommended surgical margins were achieved in 837 patients (96.8%) and SLNB was performed as appropriate in 806 patients (93.2%); 10 patients (1.2%) were deficient for both. Deficient margins and lack of SLNB were associated with increased invasion depth and head/neck location; deficient SLNB was associated with age 80 and above (P<0.0001). Overall recurrence was 7.1%: 15 local (1.7%), 23 regional (2.7%), and 23 distant (2.7%) failures. Local recurrence was associated with head/neck location (P=0.031); all recurrence types were associated with increased tumor thickness. CONCLUSIONS NCCN excision and SLNB guidelines were almost always met. Patients at risk for not meeting criteria included the elderly and those with head/neck tumors. Failure to meet NCCN criteria was not associated with increased disease recurrence. Surgeons must carefully balance the risks of not pursuing NCCN guidelines with treatment goals.
Fabrication of Three-Pole ${\rm HgBa}_{2}{\rm CaCu}_{2}{\rm O}_{6+\delta}$ Hairpin Filter and Characterization of Its Third Order Intermodulation

The increased research interest in the microwave applications of high temperature superconductors (HTS) was brought about by the perceived potential on the marketability of superconducting electronics, especially in the wireless communications industry. Excellent surface morphology and high reproducibility of the HgBa2CaCu2O6+delta (Hg-1212) thin films made from cation exchange process has motivated us to develop microwave bandpass filters, which can be operated at above 77 K and therefore are much more cost effective. An Hg-1212 three-pole hairpin filter of 5% 3-dB bandwidth has been fabricated and characterized. The transmission properties and third-order inter modulation (IM3) measurements on the filter have demonstrated Hg-1212 as a promising alternative material for passive microwave devices at above 77 K operating temperature.
Early-life sugar consumption has long-term negative effects on memory function in male rats

Objectives: Added dietary sugars contribute substantially to the diet of children and adolescents in the USA, and recent evidence suggests that consuming sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) during early life has deleterious effects on hippocampal-dependent memory function. Here, we test whether the effects of early-life sugar consumption on hippocampal function persist into adulthood when access to sugar is restricted to the juvenile/adolescent phase of development.Methods: Male rats were given ad libitum access to an 11% weight-by-volume sugar solution (made with high fructose corn syrup-55) throughout the adolescent phase of development (post-natal day (PN) 26–56). The control group received a second bottle of water instead, and both groups received ad libitum standard laboratory chow and water access throughout the study. At PN 56 sugar solutions were removed and at PN 175 rats were subjected to behavioral testing for hippocampal-dependent episodic contextual memory in the novel object in context (NOIC) t...
Review of phenomenology and the arts, ed. Peter R. Costello and Licia Carlson

Through an exploration of the arts, Phenomenology and the Arts traces the relationship between phenomenology qua historical movement and qua descriptive method. Serving as an artistic undertaking, the phenomenological method itself echoes its content when describing artistic matters such as painting, drama, literature, and music. After establishing the thematics and structure of the volume, contributors analyze in rich and groundbreaking ways specifically Kant, Hegel, Husserl, Heidegger, Merleau-Ponty, and Derrida, and works of art, including select jazz composers, the visual arts of Warhol and Klee, and others affect us. The book is of interest to interdisciplinary researchers engaged in the relationship between art and philosophy.
Saturation Transfer EPR Studies of Rotational Dynamics in Membranes

Beginning about 10 years ago, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies on spinlabeled lipids, pioneered by McConnell and co-workers, have helped elucidate the dynamic properties of the lipid components of both synthetic and biological membranes. While the conventional EPR technique is ideally suited to monitor the nanosecond rotational motions of fluid lipid hydrocarbon chains or small protein segments, that technique is insensitive to the slower motions (often in the microsecond range) that are typical for gel-phase lipid and entire membrane proteins. In contrast, saturation transfer EPR (ST-EPR), a technique introduced by Hyde and Dalton (1972), has its optimum sensitivity in the microsecond region (recent reviews: Thomas, 1978; Hyde and Dalton, 1979; Hyde and Thomas, 1980). Since the introduction of the ST-EPR capability in commercial spectrometers about 4 years ago, this technique has proven to be a powerful tool in the study of membrane dynamics, particularly the rotational motions of integral membrane proteins.
EdSynth: Synthesizing API Sequences with Conditionals and Loops

Good API design enables many clients to effectively use the core functionality implemented by the APIs. For real-world applications however, correctly using the APIs and identifying what methods to use and how to invoke them appropriately can be challenging. Researchers have developed a number of API synthesis approaches that enable a semantically rich form of API completion where the client provides a description of desired functionality, e.g., in the form of test suites, and the automatic tools create method sequences using the desired APIs based on the given correctness criteria (e.g., all given tests pass). However, existing API synthesis approaches are largely limited to creating single basic blocks of code and do not readily handle multiple blocks in the presence of loops (or recursion) and complex test executions. A key issue with handling multiple blocks is the very large space of possible method sequences and their combinations. This paper introduces EdSynth, an API synthesis approach that explores the sequence spaces on-demand during the test execution; that is, the given tests not only provide a validation mechanism – as is common in test-driven API synthesis – but also play a vital role in guiding the space exploration by helping prune much of it. EdSynth follows the spirit of recent work on test-execution-driven synthesis and lazily initializes candidates during the execution of given tests where the part of the candidate completion that is actually executed directly determines the generation of future candidates. To further optimize the space exploration, EdSynth ranks API candidates based on a set of pre-defined heuristics. We evaluate EdSynth's ability to synthesize complex APIs in the presence of conditional statements, loops and multiple basic blocks. The experimental results show that EdSynth is effective at handling synthesis tasks with multiple API sequences in both the conditions and bodies of loops/branches; moreover, when applied to synthesis of straight-line code, EdSynth compares well with a state-of-the-art API synthesis tool that only handles straight-line code. The experiments show that EdSynth's ranking strategies help reduce synthesis time by 43%.
Special issues in the diagnosis and treatment of ADHD in adolescents.

AbstractAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common disorder among adolescents but can be a challenge to diagnose in this population for several reasons. Obvious symptoms of hyperactivity and impulsivity are displayed less frequently than in younger children. Direct observation by potential raters is more limited because adolescents spend less time with parents and usually have multiple teachers throughout the day. Also, adolescents often suffer from psychiatric comorbidities, which affect the presentation of ADHD and can confound the diagnosis. Similarly, impaired social skills and academic performance may result from this disorder or for other reasons. These difficulties underscore the importance of a careful and comprehensive assessment that includes parent-, teacher-, and self-reported measures of functioning in several environments, including school, home, and work. Because ADHD is chronic and usually impairing in several domains (eg, social skills, academic performance, family relati...
Emerging signals regulating liver tumor initiating cells

Abstract Tumor initiating cells (TICs) have been identified as cells that account for tumor heterogeneity. Recent studies demonstrated that genes controlling stem cell biology play key roles in maintaining TICs and promote their development into cancer. In this review, we summarize findings from human and animal studies that indicate the presence of TICs during liver cancer development. Markers identified for liver development and regeneration are used to identify liver cancer TICs. Expression of these markers is often upregulated in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) specimen. Using flow cytometry analysis and lineage tracing approaches, the presence of TICs is confirmed. Expression of TIC markers and the presence of TICs are also observed in genetically modified animals that target genes that are frequently altered in human HCC. The presence of these TICs represents a major challenge for therapeutic development. Elucidating signals that can regulate the fate, transformation and growth of liver TICs is an emerging need in liver research. Sex-determining region Y-box 9 (SOX9) has recently become an important marker for liver TICs. Here, we summarize the role of SOX9 in TICs and its potential interaction with other signals. This includes the Notch-Numb signal that controls asymmetrical-symmetrical cell division, Wnt-β-catenin signal that maintains cell fate and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signal that acts as upstream inducers.
Pressure monitoring: The evidence so far.

Nerve injury is a relatively rare but devastating complication of peripheral nerve blockade (PNB). Monitoring injection pressure during PNB is one method advocated to prevent injury by detecting needle tip placement in a noncompliant position (intraneural or abutting the epineurium). Animal studies show that gross neural damage and clinical injury are associated with injection pressures exceeding 15–20 psi. In contrast, pressures
Environmental drivers define contrasting microbial habitats, diversity and functional redundancy in Lake Baikal, Siberia

ABSTRACT Understanding how microbial communities respond to environmental change requires knowledge of the main drivers of their community structure, diversity and potential resilience. For many rapidly changing ecosystems this information is still not available. Lake Baikal in Siberia is the most ancient, deep, voluminous, and biologically diverse lake in the world, with 20 percent of global unfrozen fresh water, that is undergoing rapid warming. Little is known about its bacterioplankton communities and their drivers. In the first extensive survey of Baikal’s microbial communities, we show that temperature, stratification, nutrients, and dissolved oxygen, and not the geographic distance, define major microbial habitats and microbial community similarity. Communities in ML and DW exhibited contrasting patterns of richness, diversity and evenness and comprised different cohesive modules in the whole Baikal OTU co-occurrence network. The network exhibited small-world properties that may make it resistant to perturbations but sensitive to changes in the abundances of central, most connected OTUs. Functional redundancy, often associated with higher resilience, was low in cold, open water communities and increased with temperature in the mixed layer and with depth in the deep-water samples. Our results suggest that bacterial communities of open waters in Lake Baikal may be more sensitive to warming and other anthropogenic stressors than the littoral communities and may reorganize significantly in the chan ging climate. A better understanding of factors structuring bacterial communities in ecosystems that undergo rapid changes, including Lake Baikal and other northern lakes, will allow us to better predict the overall ecosystem responses to anthropogenic stressors. SIGNIFICANCE This study is the first to identify distinct bacterial assemblages in Lake Baikal during summer stratification and link them to specific environments. Multiple linear regression and model averaging show that community diversity is driven by richness in the mixed layer (ML) and evenness in the deep waters (DW), and we identify environmental covariates that explain these contrasting trends. Network analyses reveal assemblages specific to ML and DW, where phylogeny reflects preferred environments. We then use PICRUSt to predict metagenomes and reveal that redundancy is lowest in the coolest areas of ML, potentially placing them at greatest risk of microbial functional diversity loss. This is a significant step towards understanding and addressing challenges faced by microbial communities in a changing world.
Providing Big Six Tax Services to Small-Town Clients–Why Not?

ABSTRACT This manuscript challenges Big Six Tax firms to consider the merits of providing tax services to individuals and small businesses located in small towns. A strategic process that Big Six firms can follow to pursue the potential of small-town tax markets is delineated. Qualitative factors that should temper a decision by a Big Six firm to pursue small-town tax clients are presented.
What does a nurse need to know and do to maintain an effective level of case management

The nurse needs to have a working knowledge of the needs of the seriously mentally ill and their families and effective treatment modalities, including therapeutic use of self, networking and social systems, crisis intervention, pharmacology, physical and psychosocial assessment skills, psychosocial rehabilitation, collaborative skills, teaching skills, psychoeducation, management and leadership skills, research, group skills, psychopathology, relevant legislation, biological psychiatry, and community resources. The ANA Standards of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing Practice (1982) provides a broad framework for the nurse case manager.
Dermatoses in children in the Republic of Palau

The spectrum of dermatoses in the pediatric population of the Republic of Palau is unknown and largely unmentioned in publication. All Palauan pediatric patients who consulted the Shin Kong Medical Assistant Program to Palau dermatology services at Belau National Hospital (BNH) and local dispensaries from 2015 to 2018 were analyzed. The results were classified according to age and sex and also analyzed by region. This population included a total of 155 patients, with 92 girls and 63 boys. Eczema (52.9%), superficial fungal infection (21.93%), and bacterial infection (16.77%) were the most frequent conditions. More than 20% of the patients presented with more than one concurrent skin disease. Among the disease spectrum, the frequency of atopic dermatitis was comparable: 29.1% in girls and 28.6% in boys. Superficial fungal infections were more common in boys, with a frequency of 31.7% as opposed to 15.2% in girls. The results were also analyzed according to region: 123 patients were seen at BNH and 32 patients were seen at the local dispensaries. Bacterial infection was more common at the local dispensaries (37.5%) than at BNH (11.4%). Hereby, we describe the pattern of skin diseases in Palauan children.
Taking emigration seriously: a new agenda for research on free movement and welfare

Free movement of persons (FoM) is a key topic in current research on European integration’s effects on social justice and national welfare states. These debates have focused almost exclusively on F...
Approximations for dynamic multi-class manufacturing systems with priorities and finite buffers

Capacity planning models for tactical to operational decisions in manufacturing systems require a performance evaluation component that relates demand processes with production resources and system...
Increased severity of anemia is associated with postoperative complications following primary total shoulder arthroplasty.

Background Anemia has been demonstrated as a modifiable risk factor for postoperative complications following various types of primary and revision total joint arthroplasties. However, at present, we are not aware of any studies assessing postoperative complications following total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) in patients with varying severity of anemia. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of preoperative anemia severity on 30-day postoperative complications following primary TSA. Methods Adult patients undergoing primary TSA from 2012 to 2018 were identified in the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. Patients undergoing TSA were substratified into 3 cohorts: nonanemia (hematocrit >36% for women, >39% for men), mild anemia (hematocrit 33%-36% for women, 33%-39% for men), and moderate to severe anemia (hematocrit Results Of 13,921 total patients undergoing TSA, 11,330 patients (81.4%) did not have anemia, 1934 (13.9%) had mild anemia, and 657 (4.7%) had moderate to severe anemia. Following adjustment, patients with mild anemia were more likely to have a postoperative blood transfusion (odds ratio [OR] 4.7, P Conclusion From mild anemia to moderate to severe anemia, there was a stepwise and approximately 2-fold increase in the odds of postoperative complications for patients undergoing primary TSA. Patients with moderate to severe anemia should be medically optimized before they undergo TSA.
Measurement of | η 00 | | η + − |

We have measured the quantity $\frac{|{\ensuremath{\eta}}_{00}|}{|{\ensuremath{\eta}}_{+\ensuremath{-}}|}$ which is defined in terms of ${K}_{L}$ and ${K}_{S}$ decay rates by the ratio ${[\frac{\ensuremath{\Gamma}({K}_{L}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0})\ensuremath{\Gamma}({K}_{S}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}})}{\ensuremath{\Gamma}({K}_{L}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}})\ensuremath{\Gamma}({K}_{S}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0})}]}^{\frac{1}{2}}$. We find $\frac{|{\ensuremath{\eta}}_{00}|}{|{\ensuremath{\eta}}_{+\ensuremath{-}}|}=1.03\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.07$.
Recurrent Pyloric Stenosis

Abstract A case of “Recurrent Pyloric Stenosis” is presented. From the perspective of a senior pediatric surgeon, this is a new entity. Why? Perhaps it is because improvements in ultrasound technology have enabled earlier detection of pyloric hypertrophy. The argument is advanced that hypertrophic pyloric stenosis develops over time; and if treatment is instituted while hypertrophy is ongoing, recurrence may develop. Our aim is to draw attention to this phenomenon, which we anticipate will occur more frequently.
Recipient Vessels for Spine and Posterior Trunk Reconstruction

The regions of the spine and posterior trunk are technically demanding locations for microvascular free tissue transfer. Notably, there is a paucity of adequate recipient vessels in this anatomic area, a uniquely challenging feature that necessitates either a long flap pedicle or a vein graft, should adequate vessels not be identified in close proximity. Whereas soft tissue is typically needed to cover exposed hardware or bone along the posterior trunk, the most common indication for free tissue transfer at the spine/vertebral column is for vascularized bone. Such bony defects typically result from en bloc tumor extirpations, extensive osteomyelitis, or failed bony fusions.
Hybrid analysis: static & dynamic memory reference analysis

We present a novel Hybrid Analysis technology which can efficiently and seamlessly integrate all static and run-time analysis of memory references into a single framework that is capable of performing all data dependence analysis and can generate necessary information for most associated memory related optimizations. We use HA to perform automatic parallelization by extracting run-time assertions from any loop and generating appropriate run-time tests that range from a low cost scalar comparison to a full, reference by reference run-time analysis. Moreover we can order the run-time tests in increasing order of complexity (overhead) and thus risk the minimum necessary overhead. We accomplish this by both extending compile time IP analysis techniques and by incorporating speculative run-time techniques when necessary. Our solution is to bridge "free" compile time techniques with exhaustive run-time techniques through a continuum of simple to complex solutions. We have implemented our framework in the Polaris compiler by introducing an innovative intermediate representation called RT_LMAD and a run-time library that can operate on it. Based on the experimental results obtained to date we hope to automatically parallelize most and possibly all PERFECT codes, a significant accomplishment.
How Much Jail Time? Returning Women to the Abortion Debate

The current Communication studies literation on the abortion debate shows the pro-life side holding all of the cards. Their use of deontological rather than teleological language and their ability ...
Real and Nominal Flows in a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) Model

Abstract The design of economywide models to be used for projections or policy analysis involves major tradeoffs between theoretical simplicity and empirical adequacy. Problems of “structural adjustment” are especially difficult since they require analysis at both the micro and macro levels, and involve two quite different bodies of underlying theory. This paper considers how micro-focused, computable general equilibrium (CGE) models can be extended to provide a “micro-macro” framework for analyzing such problems. The discussion focuses on the specification of appropriate equilibrium conditions at the micro and macro levels, and on the links between them.
What Big Data Can Tell Us About Government Awards to the Nonprofit Sector Using the FAADS

This article reviews the Federal Assistance Award Data System (FAADS), a comprehensive online archive of federal grant activity. Relatively few nonprofit scholars have used this extensive data source due to significant structural limitations in the data. This article aims to describe and mitigate those limitations while stimulating new research on government awards to nonprofits. The article profiles the process of federal award flows and reporting. We also identify the primary advantages and shortcomings in the current data structure. Finally, we post an electronic matching algorithm that links individual federal award records to recipient Form 990 financial data. This process allows researchers to analyze the influence of federal awards with greater fidelity than has been previously accomplished in the literature.
Biproducts and Kashina's Examples

We revisit a class of examples described in the original article on biproducts, expand the class, and provide a detailed analysis of the coalgebra and algebra structures of many of these examples. Connections with the semisimple Hopf algebras whose dimension is a power of two determined by Kashina are examined. The finite-dimensional nontrivial semisimple cosemisimple Hopf algebras we construct are shown to be lower cosolvable. Some of these have one proper normal Hopf subalgebra and are not lower solvable.
Nowcasting Obesity in the U.S. Using Google Search Volume Data

“Googling” is now ubiquitous in our society. We typically start searching on Google before we make purchase decisions or when we have interest in certain topics. Aggregating these search data can provide us with real-time and possibly accurate information on people's behavior. In fact, Google keeps tracks of all the search queries and has accumulated a tremendous amount of information about people's interest at the society level. It currently provides search volume data of keywords for different regions and time intervals on its free and public service of Google Trends. An interesting and hot research area is how to exploit the Google Search volume data in innovative ways to benefit our society. This paper aims to reveal the connection between obesity prevalence and people’s online search behavior in the United States by combining data from Google Trends and data from Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) which is updated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) annually. We first handselected keywords that are associated to people's life style and used panel data model to study association between search pattern and obesity level. We found significant correlation power of those keywords with Body Mass Index (BMI) level and results suggest great promise of the idea of obesity monitoring through real-time Google Trends data. We believe this is an important finding and is particularly attractive for government health institutions and private businesses such as insurance companies etc.
Histopathology of Explanted Lungs From Patients With a Diagnosis of Pulmonary Sarcoidosis

Background Pathologic features of end-stage pulmonary sarcoidosis (ESPS) are not well defined; anecdotal reports have suggested that ESPS may mimic usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP). We hypothesized that ESPS has distinct histologic features. Methods Twelve patients who received a diagnosis of pulmonary sarcoidosis and underwent lung transplantation were included. Control subjects were 10 age- and sex-matched lung transplant patients with UIP. Hematoxylin and eosin-stained tissue sections were examined for the following features: extent/pattern of fibrosis; presence and quantity (per 10 high-power fields) of fibroblast foci and granulomas; distribution and morphology of granulomas; and presence and extent of honeycomb change. Extent of fibrosis and honeycomb change in lung parenchyma was scored as follows: 1 = 1% to 25%; 2 = 26% to 50%; 3 = 51% to 75%; 4 = 76% to 100% of lung parenchyma. Results Eight of 12 cases demonstrated histologic findings typical of ESPS. All showed well-formed granulomas with associated fibrosis distributed in a distinct lymphangitic fashion. Granulomas were present in hilar or mediastinal lymph nodes from six of six patients with ESPS and none of eight control subjects. The extent of fibrosis, honeycomb change, and fibroblast foci was significantly lower in ESPS cases compared with control cases. Two patients with remote histories of sarcoidosis showed histologic features of diseases other than ESPS (UIP and emphysema) without granulomas. Two patients with atypical clinical findings demonstrated nonnecrotizing granulomas combined with either severe chronic venous hypertension or UIP. Conclusions ESPS and UIP have distinct histopathologic features in the lungs. Patients with a pretransplant diagnosis of sarcoidosis may develop other lung diseases that account for their end-stage fibrosis.
A synoptic analysis of the first AVE-SESAME '79 period

Key features of a severe convection observed during April 10-11, 1979 as part of the Atmospheric Variability Experiment-Severe Environmental Storms and Mesoscale Experiment (AVE-SESAME) are examined. Three-hourly rawinsonde readings from 23 stations were taken, and vertical motion and divergence parameters are considered. The data were converted into a 127 km grid at the surface, and at 50 mb intervals from 900 mb to 100 mb by an objective analysis scheme, while a kinematic method was used to compute vertical motion. A weak upper tropospheric short wave trough was found to propagate from New Mexico into the Texas panhandle, while a jet maximum propagated eastward. The development of a strong wind maximum over Oklahoma and Kansas was associated with a rapid increase in upper-level divergence and the development of a small-scale pressure perturbation in the Texas panhandle, as well as a low-level jet and convergence, which led to rapid changes over the Red River Valley, where stability was decreased.
Management of Hypertension in the Elderly

Recommendations for the management of hypertension in the elderly are largely consistent with the exception of the 2013 Joint National Committee (JNC) 8 guidelines that recommend lowering systolic blood pressure (SBP) in persons aged ≥60 years to <150 mmHg if they do not have diabetes mellitus or chronic kidney disease. In contrast, I concur with the minority view from JNC 8 which recommends a SBP goal in these persons aged 60 to 79 years of <140 mmHg. This view is consistent with the 2011 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) guidelines that also recommend a SBP goal of 140 to 145 mmHg if tolerated in adults aged ≥80 years. ACC/AHA consensus guidelines use the totality of evidence in addition to randomized controlled trial data. These guidelines are also consistent with treatment recommendations from numerous other societies that recommend SBP goals of <140 mmHg in persons aged 60 to 79 years and <150 mmHg in persons aged ≥80 years. Hypertension is currently under-treated in the elderly, and relaxation of ACC/AHA guidelines by JNC 8 will result in substantially more cardiovascular events. Randomized clinical trial studies on treatment of essential hypertension or secondary hypertension in frail elderly persons have not been performed.
Measuring the Preference of Image Content for Self-reported Consumers of Child Pornography

Research has begun to critically analyze the types of images collected by child pornography consumers. However, the collections of child pornography consumers may not necessarily be representative of their preferences. In addition, a literature review of the available scales or measurements, which assessed pornography preference, yielded scarce results regarding images of child sexual victimization. First, this paper will review some of the empirical literature on the various types of images collected by child pornography consumers. Next, this author will discuss the development of the Child Pornography Image Preference Scale (CPIPS), a self-report measure of child pornography image preference. Finally, the results of a preliminary test of the CPIPS will be discussed along with the study’s limitations. Overall, by introducing this scale to the academic and law enforcement community, further validation through empirical testing may be achieved for the Child Pornography Image Preference Scale (CPIPS).
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography of Carbohydrates

Publisher Summary This chapter covers advances made in the high-pressure or high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of carbohydrates. In the chapter, the term “liquid chromatography (l.c.)” is used to designate the rapid ( 30 MPa.This chapter discusses the 1.c. separations of almost all mono-, di-, and oligosaccharides from both a theoretical and a practical point of view. In addition, the general principles involved in the care and maintenance of the relevant instrumentation and stationary phases are covered and a separate section on preparative 1.c. methods for carbohydrates is included. The chapter also discusses solutions to the problems of detectability and of peak broadening (resolution of anomeric forms). It also considers the emerging 1.c. techniques, such as liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (1.c.-m.s.) and high-performance affinity chromatography.
Incremental planning to control a blackboard-based problem solver

To control problem solving activity, a planner must resolve uncertainty about which specific long-term goals (solutions) to pursue and about which sequences of actions will best achieve those goals. In this paper, we describe a planner that abstracts the problem solving state to recognize possible competing and compatible solutions and to roughly predict the importance and expense of developing these solutions. With this information, the planner plans sequences of problem solving activities that most efficiently resolve its uncertainty about which of the possible solutions to work toward. The planner only details actions for the near future because the results of these actions will influence how (and whether) a plan should be pursued. As problem solving proceeds, the planner adds new details to the plan incrementally, and monitors and repairs the plan to insure it achieves its goals whenever possible. Through experiments, we illustrate how these new mechanisms significantly improve problem solving decisions and reduce overall computation. We briefly discuss our current research directions, including how these mechanisms can improve a problem solver's real-time response and can enhance cooperation in a distributed problem solving network.
The Coupling Between Pulsation and Mass Loss in Massive Stars

To what extent can pulsational instabilities resolve the mass‐loss problem of massive stars? How important is pulsation in structuring and modulating the winds of these stars? What role does pulsation play in redistributing angular momentum in massive stars? Although I cannot offer answers to these questions, I hope at the very least to explain how they come to be asked.