cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Work of Disaster: Building Back Otherwise in Post-Earthquake Nepal

What does a disaster generate? This article brings a critical phenomenological approach into conversation with theories of event to trace the emergence of a mental health crisis and its consequences in Nepal after the 2015 earthquakes. Following the disaster, people who received psychosocial counseling often presented chronic problems that had become visible through the frame of crisis and its ethical demands. At the same time, humanitarian agencies were aware of the logics of crisis and strategically used the disaster as an opportunity to increase mental health governance under the rubric of “building back better.” I demonstrate that these phenomena are linked consequences of the work of disaster, the destruction and creation of worlds set into motion by disaster and its management. I argue that a phenomenological approach to disaster helps us attend to the ways a priori frames of crisis and “the better” create and foreclose possibilities both for care and for building the world back otherwise. साराश विपदल क उतपादन गरछ? २०१५ सालको भकमपल निमतयाएको मानसिक सवासथको सकट र नपालमा तयसका परिणामको उदभव यस लखल घटनाकरियाविजञान (फनोमनोलोजी) र घटना सिदधानतको सवादबाट चितरित गरछ । २०१५ को विपद पछि, जन जीरण समसयाहर मनोसामाजिक परामरश पाउनहरमा दखा परयो, यी समसयाहर सकटको धारणा र सकटको बलाको नतिक जिममवारीको माधयम बाट मातर बाहिर दखन आइपगयो । तयस समयमा मानवीय निकायहरल पनि रणनीतिक तरिकाल विपदलाई मानसिक सवासथ परशाशनलाई अझ सहज बनाउन अवसरको रपमा लिए, झन रामरो पननिरमाण (‘बिलडिग बयाक बटटर’) को शीरषक मनि । यी घटनाकरम सब ‘विपदका काम’ सित जडका परिणामहर हन भनर म यस लखमा उललख गरछ, जहा विपद र विपदका वयवसथापनल नया ससारहरका बिनाश र सिरजना दब भरहका छन । सकट र ‘झन रामरो’ जसता परवनिरधारित अवधारणाहरल कसरी हरचाह र पननिरमाणका समभावनाहरलाई सगसग उतपादन एवम सिमित गरछन भनर बझन घटनाकरियाविजञानको दषटिकोणल सहयोग गरछ भनन मरो तरक यस लखमा परसतत गरकी छ ।
Simulation perspective on new latent safety threats in high-risk patient care scenarios during the COVID-19 pandemic

The Code Simulation team at University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) Benioff Children’s Hospital-San Francisco is presenting a perspective on COVID-19 related simulation in a paediatric emergency department (PED) setting. The primary focus was personal protective equipment (PPE) usage in the setting of new latent safety threats in high-risk scenarios in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic. We addressed communication challenges and trialled new workflows in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic. The perspective details the objectives, themes and lessons learnt during this process. The simulation practice occurred multiple times over multiple days with an interpersonal, interdisciplinary and inclusive approach. The results of this work were implemented into practice in the PED at UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital-San Francisco setting and influenced hospital-wide education on PPE usage during the acute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Long‐Periodic Dipole Antenna

A 12-element log-periodic dipole antenna is investigated with the three-term theory described and verified experimentally in a companion paper (Cheong and King, 1967). The general frequency-independent behaviour for the distributions of current, the driving-point admittances, and the power for all elements over a wide range of frequencies. The driving-point admittance, field pattern, beam width, and minor-lobe level are determined for the antenna over the same frequency range. The director and reflector action of the elements is pointed out. It is concluded that a new and powerful tool is available for the complete and accurate analysis of log-periodic dipole antennas.
Empowering patients to adhere to their treatment regimens: A multifaceted approach.

It is well-recognized that adolescence and early adulthood are a high-risk period for non-adherence with treatment regimens in solid organ transplant recipients, leading to high rates of rejection and graft loss (Transplantation, 92, 2011, 1237; Pediatr Transplant, 9, 2005, 381; Transplantation, 77, 2004, 769). Preventing medication non-adherence is the holy grail of transplant adolescent care. If we can determine how best to support our patients in taking their daily medications as prescribed, we can improve long-term health, reduce need for re-transplantation, and reduce healthcare costs. In the last few years, several studies have provided us with additional insights into potentially effective interventions and have highlighted existing gaps in knowledge. This article reviews recent literature published over the last 5 years on the topic of adherence in transplant recipients, highlighting insights and opportunities to promote adherence at the individual patient level, family level, healthcare system level, and community level. Above all, the recent work that is highlighted suggests that adherence interventions for prevention and treatment must be multifaceted, individualized, and longitudinal to be effective.
Successful repair of combined tractional and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with pars plana vitrectomy without scleral buckle in severe Behçet's disease.

Behcet's disease (BD) is a multisystemic, immune-mediated occlusive vasculitis of unknown etiology with a chronic, relapsing remitting course. Ocular involvement is characterized by recurrent nongranulomatous uveitis with necrotizing obliterative vasculitis affecting both the anterior and posterior segments of the eye and often leads to blindness. We describe successful surgical management of a rare case of combined rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) and tractional retinal detachment (TRD) in a patient with Behcet's disease. A 28-year-old Hispanic women with known Behcet's disease presented with loss of vision of both eyes. She was found to have extensive bilateral necrotizing vasculitis with severe ischemia. Despite aggressive antivascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy and pan retinal photocoagulation, patient progressed to total blindness from development of combined rhegmatogenous and tractional funnel retinal detachment. Small gauge pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with silicone oil tamponade was performed for retinal detachment repair (without scleral buckle). Combined RRD and TRD was successfully treated with standard PPV with silicone oil placement without use of scleral buckle. Visual acuity 1 year postoperatively improved from ability to perceive light to 20/400. Combined forms of retinal detachment, a rare development in Behcet's disease may be effectively treated with PPV (without scleral buckling) with favorable visual and anatomic outcomes.
Droxidopa alters dopamine neuron and prefrontal cortex activity and improves attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder-like behaviors in rats.

Abstract Finding alternative treatments for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is crucial given the safety and efficacy problems of current ADHD medications. Droxidopa, also known as L-threo-dihydroxyphenylserine (L-DOPS), is a norepinephrine prodrug that enhances brain norepinephrine and dopamine levels. In this study, we used electrophysiological tests to examine effects of L-DOPS on the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area. We also conducted behavioral tests to assess L-DOPS’ effects on ADHD-like behaviors in rats. In chloral hydrate-anesthetized rats, PFC local field potentials oscillated between the active, depolarized UP state and the hyperpolarized DOWN state. Mimicking the effect of d-amphetamine, L-DOPS, given after the peripheral amino acid decarboxylase inhibitor, benserazide (BZ), increased the amount of time the PFC spent in the UP state, indicating an excitatory effect of L-DOPS on PFC neurons. Like d-amphetamine, L-DOPS also inhibited dopamine neurons, an effect significantly reversed by the D2-like receptor antagonist raclopride. In the behavioral tests, BZ + L-DOPS improved hyperactivity, inattention and impulsive action of the adolescent spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR/NCrl), well-validated animal model of the combined type of ADHD. BZ + L-DOPS also reduced impulsive choice and impulsive action of Wistar rats, but did not ameliorate the inattentiveness of Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY/NCrl), proposed model of the ADHD-predominantly inattentive type. In conclusion, L-DOPS produced effects on the PFC and dopamine neurons characteristic of drugs used to treat ADHD. BZ + L-DOPS ameliorated ADHD-like behaviors in rats suggesting its potential as an alternative ADHD treatment.
Experiences in Building a User Portal for Expanse Supercomputer

A User Portal is being developed for NSF-funded Expanse supercomputer. The Expanse portal is based on the NSF-funded Open OnDemand HPC portal platform which has gained widespread adoption at HPC centers. The portal will provide a gateway for launching interactive applications such as MATLAB, RStudio, and an integrated web-based environment for file management and job submission. This paper discusses the early experience in deploying the portal and the customizations that were made to accommodate the requirements of the Expanse user community.
Near-death experiences: Perception is reality

The authors propose three etiologies responsible for the near- death experience, which they refer to as an altered state of consciousness: physiologic, pharmacologic, and psychologic. They recommend research to determine what developmental factors influence the emotionality of the expe- rience and how in-depth understanding can be used to provide better patient care. Perception is reality. There are no different Wpes of realities, only that which is perceived by the perceiver. The near-death, or, rather, "deathlike" experience is, like religion, politics, beauty, and sex, in the eye of the beholder. Harry Stack Sullivan used the term ~'consensual validation" in refer- ring to the efforts of psychiatrists to find "factors that will prove to be of real moment (italics added) in understanding our intuition of psycho- pathological situations-and living generally-and in understanding our ubiquitous errors in both of these" (Sullivan, 1962, pp. 258-259). Lewis B. Hill used the term "consensual validation" to mean a shared reality. He suggested that schizophrenics attempt consensual valida- tion in an effort to experience reality (Hill, personal communication,
Cold Spray: A Disruptive Technology for Enabling Novel Packaging Thermomechanical Solutions

This paper presents cold spray as a nascent semiconductor packaging capability with promising thermomechanical applications. Cold spray enables fast, low temperature, solid-state additive manufacturing of die backside coatings with near-bulk properties and low contact resistances. With appropriate process and material optimization, those coatings can reduce package warpage at reflow temperatures and improve heat spreading from die hotspots, enabling higher processor power and performance. Experiments and simulations are presented which demonstrate the advantages of the proposed die backside cold spray architecture and the breakthrough capabilities of the cold spray process itself, positioning cold spray as a powerful new packaging tool with far-reaching potential.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Shoulder Arthroplasty: Review Article

Background Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging evaluation of the painful failed shoulder arthroplasty is a useful imaging modality due to advancements in metal artifact reduction techniques, which allow assessment of the integrity of the supporting soft-tissue envelope and the implant.
The effects of thermal and polarization fluctuations on 3/spl times/3 coupler performance

For the Gould 3/spl times/3 coupler studied here, changes in input SOP produce measurable changes in the power transfer properties of the coupler while temperature-induced changes are almost negligible over the range 0-100/spl deg/C. When used for passive demodulation in interferometric systems, changes in SOP will cause noise and inaccuracies in the calculated phase, even in systems employing Faraday rotator mirrors to prevent fringe visibility fading. Hence, the effects of polarization must be controlled by, for example, using a depolarized source or by realtime monitoring of the coupler phase angles. Future studies will extend the investigation to a variety of coupler types and to an investigation of the dependence of the complex scattering matrix on wavelength.
Implementation Issues in Nonlinear Predictive Control

Nonlinear predictive control is an effective strategy for controlling nonlinear processes with constaints and time delays. In this paper a number of important issues involving the implementation of nonlinear predictive control are addressed. The most important issue is the determination of the state variable initial conditions for the prediction optimization at each time step. As long as the initial conditions are accurate, a number of methods used for the model prediction phase yield nearly identical performance results. Relative computation time for the various techniques are compared using an exothermic CSTR example.
Turbo product coding in frequency-hop wireless communications with partial-band interference

A class of turbo product codes is investigated for applications to slow-frequency-hop spread-spectrum communications over channels with partial-band interference and thermal noise. The partial-band interference is modeled as band-limited white noise, and decoders with and without side information are examined. The primary results are for noncoherent demodulation of binary orthogonal signals, but results are also presented for coherent demodulation of antipodal signals. Comparisons with previous results for other turbo codes are presented. It is shown that, in some situations, a system with a commercial off-the-shelf turbo product code achieves performance that is better than previously published results for parallel-concatenated turbo codes of approximately the same rate. It is also shown that the performance of the commercial decoder can be enhanced by the use of side information that is developed in the demodulator.
Differential Association of Youth Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Anxiety With Delinquency and Aggression

Although attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is independently associated with both anxiety and conduct problems, it is unclear how co-occurring ADHD + anxiety are associated with different forms of conduct problems. That is, there is relatively little evidence how ADHD and co-occurring anxiety, relative to ADHD only and anxiety only, are associated with aggression and delinquency. Controlling for age, sex, oppositional defiant disorder diagnostic status and total psychopathology, we compared children with anxiety only, ADHD only, ADHD + anxiety, and a clinic-referred comparison group on measures of conduct problems. Three hundred eighty ethnically diverse boys and girls ages 5 to 17 (M = 11.62) were evaluated using a semistructured diagnostic interview for ADHD and anxiety; aggressive and delinquent behavior were evaluated using the Child Behavior Checklist. Children with anxiety only (n = 119) did not differ from clinic-referred comparisons (i.e., no DSM-IV diagnosis; n = 95) on aggression or...
Heat Stroke in Physical Activity and Sports (Original version in English)

Exertional heat stroke (EHS) is one of the leading causes of sudden death in sport and physical activity. In American Football alone, there have been 46-documented EHS fatalities in the United States between 1995 and 2010. In 2003, National Collegiate Athletics Association mandated pre-season heat acclimatization guidelines, which successfully decreased the number of heat stroke fatalities in collegiate American football. However, despite the advancement in modern medical care and increased awareness in heat safety, lack of appropriate on-site medical care is still contributing to EHS seen especially at the youth level. It is well established in scientific literature that fatalities as a result of EHS are largely preventable with proper education on the knowledge of recognition, treatment, and prevention of EHS. This document provides a review of the current best medical practices and evidence on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, risk factors, recognition, treatment, prevention, and return to play recommendations for EHS, specifically as they relate to sport and physical activity.
RFLP analysis of HLA‐DR5 haplotypes

The analysis of HLA-DR5 haplotypes unravelled a new DRB3 polymorphism and permitted the identification of various associations between alleles of the DRB1 and DRB3 loci. This new polymorphism consists of a 10.5 kb Taq1 restriction fragment which was encountered in an African-American family (JS). In Caucasoids, the DRw11 allele has been previously observed only in association with the DRw52b allele. RFLP and oligonucleotide typing of HLA-DRw52 alleles associated with DRw11 showed, however, that 4 Caucasoid individuals from our panel carried the DRw52a allele and 1 the DRw52c allele. Similarly, DRw12, which is usually associated with DRw52b, was encountered with DRw52a in 1 Chinese and with DRw52c in an African-American and a Chinese panel member. The study of DRB3 alleles associated with DRw11 and DRw12 indicates that, similar to serology, RFLP studies become particularly informative when individuals of different races and ethnic origins are studied.
Microphone Czech, Keepin' It Real: Politics of Creative Strategy in Cross-Cultural Music Production

In 2010, African American artist “Hypno” from the US hip-hop group Spooks collaborated with Debbi Kahl, an up-and-coming Czech singer, to produce a pop song for the Czech music market. This study explores how racial and ethnic codes/categories were implicated in this collaboration and the profound organizing impact these had on several stages of the production process. This study examines several dimensions of this process involving the interplay of incentives, assumptions, and anxieties collectively referred to as the politics of creative strategy. Examining this collaboration as a series of contingent social exchanges provides a frame for understanding how efforts to interpret the meaning and representation of race marked the collaborative process from its informal outset to the production of the video for “Možna se mi zdas.”
Treatment of Body Scheme in Children

The purpose of this paper is to review cognitive-perceptual and sensorimotor approaches to the remediation of body scheme deficits in children. The rationale for using these methods will also be ex...
Enzymatic degradation of oligosaccharides in pinto bean flour.

The use of dry edible beans is limited due to the presence of flatulence factors, the raffinose oligosaccharides. Our objective was to investigate the process for the removal of oligosaccharides from pinto bean using enzymatic treatment and to compare it to removal by soaking and cooking methods. Crude enzyme preparation was produced by six fungal species on wheat bran- and okara-based substrates with soy tofu whey. The loss of raffinose oligosaccharides after soaking pinto beans for 16 h at the room temperature was 10%, after cooking for 90 min was 52%, and after autoclaving for 30 min was 58%. On the other hand, the treatment using crude α-galactosidase (60 U mL-1) produced by Aspergillus awamori NRRL 4869 from wheat bran-based substrate with soy tofu whey on pinto bean flour for 2 h completely hydrolyzed raffinose oligosaccharides. These results supported that the enzymatic treatment was the most effective among various processing methods tested for removing the raffinose oligosaccharides, and hence, c...
Oral contraceptives, menopausal hormone therapy use and risk of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma in the California Teachers Study

We examined oral contraceptive (OC) and menopausal hormonal therapy (MHT) use in relation to risk of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Women under age 85 years participating in the California Teachers Study with no history of hematopoietic cancer were followed from 1995 through 2007. 516 of 114,131 women eligible for OC use analysis and 402 of 54,758 postmenopausal women eligible for MHT use analysis developed B-cell NHL. Multivariable adjusted and stratified Cox proportional hazards models were fit to estimate relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Ever versus never OC use was marginally associated with lower B-cell NHL risk, particularly among women first using OCs before age 25 years (RR=0.72, 95%CI=0.51-0.99); yet, no duration-response effect was observed. No association was observed for ever versus never MHT use among postmenopausal women (RR=1.05, 95%CI=0.83-1.33) overall, or by formulation (estrogen alone, ET, or estrogen plus progestin, EPT). Among women with no MHT use, having bilateral oophorectomy plus hysterectomy was associated with greater B-cell NHL risk than having natural menopause (RR=3.15, 95%CI=1.62-6.13). Bilateral oophorectomy plus hysterectomy was not associated with risk among women who used ET or EPT. These results indicate that exogenous hormone use does not strongly influence B-cell NHL risk.
Investigation of physical image quality indices of a bone densitometry system

Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by a loss of bone mass and a deterioration of bone structure. Bone mineral density (BMD) measures bone mass and is currently the method used to diagnose osteoporosis, while computerized radiographic texture analysis (RTA) is being investigated as a measure of bone structure. The GE/Lunar PIXI peripheral bone densitometer (PD) system, which uses dual-energy subtraction to measure BMD, also provides a digital image of the heel or forearm. The goal of our current research was to evaluate the physical imaging properties of the PIXI system (pixel size of 0.2 mm) compared to a Fuji computed radiography (CR) system (pixel size of 0.1 mm) to determine its suitability for texture analysis from image data. Contrast was measured using a series of uniform images covering the useful clinical exposure range. Spatial resolution was characterized by the presampling modulation transfer function (MTF) determined by an edge method. Noise power spectra (NPS) for different exposures were calculated using a two-dimensional Fourier analysis method. The expectation modulation transfer function was measured and combined with the NPS data to calculate the noise-equivalent number of quanta. The slope of the characteristic curve of the peripheral densitometer (PD) system was found to be position dependent across the image, although this dependence was substantially reduced by use of the system's clinical-settings corrections. An MTF value of 0.5 was found at 0.5 cycles/mm for the densitometry system compared to the same value at 1.6 cycles/mm for the CR system. Unlike the CR system, the NPS of the densitometry system was found not to be directionally dependent and did not drop off at higher spatial frequencies.
Intrinsic selectivity in some prebiotic reactions of urazole with sugars

ABSTRACT Urazole (1,2,4-triazolidine-3,5-dione) ( 1 ), 4-methylurazole (12 ), and its carbon analog, 4,4-dimethylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione ( 18 ), react with 2-deoxy-D-ribose (2-deoxy-D-erythro-pentose; 6 ) in an aqueous solution at room temperature in aregioselective manner (a single substitution on a hydrazidic nitrogen, no reaction on the imide nitrogen) to give amixture of four nucleosides. These are and pyranosides (p) and and furanosides (f). The p forms in astereoselective manner. A crystalline precipitate is formed in each of the above reactions, which is an exclusiveenantiospecific product, 1R, 2R p. 1 with 2-deoxy-L-ribose (10 ) gives a precipitate with the exclusive 1S, 2S pstereochemistry. With 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-deoxy-D-arabino-hexose; 7 ) the reaction with 1 is stereospecific, sinceonly one isomer, p, forms in the solution. Causes of enhanced reactivity of 1 with sugars were also studied. It wasfound that cyclic hydrazide analogs of 1, such as 12 and 18 , are reactive, but open-chain analogs, 1,2,-diacetylhydrazine(21 ) and 1,2-dicarbethoxyhydrazine ( 22 ), are not. Although this reactivity assessment was done qualitatively and underrestrictive reaction conditions, it still may be valuable for understanding -effect of hydrazide nucleophiles. Theprebiotic significance of our results is discussed.Keywords : urazole, deoxyribose, nucleosides, prebiotic synthesis, prebiotic selectivity
Synthetic efforts toward the C22-C36 subunit of halichondrin B utilizing local and imposed symmetry.

The C22−C34 portion (2) of halichondrin B was synthesized from meso-symmetric bis-silyl protected cyclopentenediol (7) in 20 steps and 7% overall yield. This was accomplished through a two-directional synthesis/terminus differentiation strategy that proceeded via achiral, meso-symmetric intermediates for eight steps and employed a Pd(0)-mediated asymmetric double cycloetherification to establish both tetrahydropyran rings.
Multiple Regression Analysis of Sib-Pair Data on Reading to Detect Quantitative Trait Loci.

A simple extension of the DeFries and Fulker multiple regression model for twin analysis is applied to the problem of detecting linkage in a quantitative trait. The method, employing sib pairs, is based on that of Haseman and Elston. Reading data from 19 extended pedigrees were analyzed employing RLFPs as markers on chromosome 15 and using the widely available statistical applications software package, SAS. A number of possible linkages were detected, indicating that this approach is both powerful and effective, especially in the case of selected samples. Detecting genotype-environment interaction and the issue of power are briefly discussed. The programs used are available upon request.
Heroin self-administration: II. CNS gene expression following withdrawal and cue-induced drug-seeking behavior

In the accompanying paper, we described incubation of heroin-seeking behavior in rats following 14 days of abstinence. To gain an understanding of genomic changes that accompany this behavioral observation, we measured the expression of genes previously reported to respond to drugs of abuse. Specifically, after 1 or 14 days of abstinence, mRNA expression was measured for 11 genes in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAc) immediately following a single 90 min extinction session. Additionally, the role of contingency was examined in control rats that received yoked, response-independent heroin administration. Gene expression was quantified by real-time quantitative PCR. Expression of five genes (Arc, EGR1, EGR2, Fos, and Homer1b/c) was changed in the mPFC. EGR1 and EGR2 expression was increased following the 90 min extinction session in a contingency-specific manner and this increase persisted through the 14 days of abstinence. Fos expression was also increased after 1 and 14 days of abstinence, but at 14 days this increase was response-independent (i.e., it occurred in both the rats with a history of heroin self-administration and in the yoked controls). Arc expression increased following the extinction session only in rats with a history of heroin self-administration and only when tested following 1, but not 14, days of abstinence. Homer 1 b/c decreased after 14 days of enforced abstinence in rats that received non-contingent heroin. Expression of only a single gene (EGR2) was increased in the NAc. These data demonstrate that behavioral incubation is coincident with altered levels of specific transcripts and that this response is contingently-specific. Moreover, EGR1 and EGR2 are specifically upregulated in self-administering rats following extinction and this finding persists through 14 days of abstinence, suggesting that these genes are particularly associated with the incubation phenomenon. These latter observations of persistent changes in gene expression following abstinence may reflect molecular correlates of relapse liability.
Vibration of Polarographic Oxygen Electrodes by Piezoelectric Elements: A Method of Reducing Flow Artifacts

A method of reducing fluid flow measurement artifacts associated with polarographic oxygen sensors is described which consists of mounting a miniature polarographic electrode on the end of a vibrating piezoelectric bender element. The electrode sensing area is vibrated at a high speed which causes a reduction in measurement error due to flow eddies in solution as well as greatly increasing the electrode sensitivity.
Reproduction of Didymella bryoniae on Nine Species of Cucurbits Under Field Conditions.

Abstract Eighteen cucurbit cultivars representing 5 genera, 9 species, and 11 taxa susceptible to gummy stem blight were inoculated with Didymella bryoniae in field plots in Charleston, SC, in autumn 2008, autumn 2009, and spring 2011 to determine the suitability of the hosts and various plant parts for formation of sexual and asexual fruiting bodies of the pathogen. In 1, 2, or 3 years, D. bryoniae reproduced on all 18 cultivars, on leaves, and on all plant parts examined—pedicles, peduncles, petioles, tendrils, and vines. Watermelon and citron (both Citrullus lanatus) and melon (Cucumis melo) had significantly more leaves with fruiting bodies than cucumber (Cucumis sativus), bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria), and eight cultivars of squash and pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima, C. moschata, and C. pepo). On plant parts other than leaves, melon had the greatest proportions of tissue pieces with fruiting bodies, and citron had the least. Fruiting bodies were observed on 86% of plant parts examined in autumn 2009 ...
IONIZATION OF CHARGE-ANTICHARGE PAIRS IN ULTRATHIN PALLADIUM FILMS

The electrical conductance and I–V characteristics of ultrathin Pd films prepared by low temperature deposition have been measured in situ. An Arrhenius behavior was found for the electrical conductance. A crossover between regimes with different activation energies was observed at a temperature TK. Below TK, the I–V characteristics of the film were found to be nonlinear. These observations are explained using a charge Kosterlitz-Thouless-Berezinskii transition picture which involves the ionization of charge-anticharge pairs.
How Long Can Students Pay Attention in Class? A Study of Student Attention Decline Using Clickers

Students enrolled in three levels of general chemistry self-reported their attention decline during both lecture and other teaching approaches via personal response devices (clickers). Students report attention declines of 1 min or less more often than longer attention lapses. The data suggest that student engagement alternates between attention and nonattention in shorter and shorter cycles as lecture proceeds. Introduction of other pedagogies, specifically, clicker questions and demonstrations resulted in significantly lower self-reported student attention decline than lecture. This effect persisted during lectures immediately following the intervening pedagogies. Implications of this research for teaching are discussed.
Abdominal migraine: prophylactic treatment and follow-up.

Background Abdominal migraine is a syndrome characterized by recurrent stereotypic episodes of paroxysmal abdominal pain and nausea and/or vomiting with wellness between episodes. It is often associated with a positive family history of migraine and no other apparent underlying disease. The purpose of this study was to report in patients diagnosed with abdominal migraine the outcome, the effect of prophylactic treatment, and the duration of treatment. Methods The records of 53 patients who underwent treatment after a diagnosis of abdominal migraine were retrospectively reviewed. Responses to treatment were graded as excellent (cessation of recurrent abdominal pain), fair (persistence of symptoms but milder and less frequent), or poor (no response). Follow-up data were available in 38 patients. Twenty-four patients were treated with propranolol and 12 with cyproheptadine. Four were not treated because of mild and infrequent symptoms. Results Among the children treated with propranolol, 18 (75%) had an excellent response, 2 (8%) had a fair response, and 4 (17%) had no response. In those treated with cyproheptadine, 4 (33%) had an excellent response, 6 (50%) had a fair response, and 2 (17%) had no response. Patients were instructed to continue medication for 6 months or until cycles had stopped. However, 11 of 24 patients (46%) in the propranolol group took medication for less than 6 months and the remaining patients from 6 months to 3 years. Six patients in the cyproheptadine group (50%) took medication less than 10 months and the remaining patients for 10 months to 3 years. Conclusion Patients with abdominal migraine may benefit from prophylactic treatment with propranolol or cyproheptadine.
Detection of antibodies against corrosion products in patients after CoCr total joint replacements

Sensitivity to nickel, cobalt, and chromium is common among the general population. The identification of these sensitivities is generally by the detection of cell-mediated immunity. Detection of humoral immunity to these metals has rarely been undertaken because suitable assays are not available. To further our knowledge about the systemic humoral immune system response to weak hapten-syngeneic or allogeneic protein conjugates (corrosion and wear products of metallic orthopedic devices), a sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method for testing for antibody (humoral immunity) to metals was developed. Microtiter plates were coated with human serum albumin (HSA) or glutathione (GSH) and then conjugated with metal ions. Plates coated with HSA or GSH and without metal ions served as background controls. An indirect ELISA method was used to detect antibody binding. Patients bearing cobalt-chromium alloy devices were considered to be the most likely candidates as sources of antibody to metal and were used to document the usefulness of the test. Specificity of the test was documented by inhibition studies with these metal ions in the ELISA assay. The serum samples of 10 patients were screened for the presence of Cr-, Co-, or Ni-specific antibody at various periods up to 5.5 years after implantation of F-75 cobalt alloy total joint replacements. All patients had implants that were functioning well. The pre- and postimplantation humoral immune profiles of patients were determined and compared with each preimplantation control and with a pooled normal serum sample. This study presents evidence that metal-protein complex-specific antibodies can be detected. The clinical implications remain to be determined.
A characterization of unitary congruence

Two square complex matrices A B are said to be unitarily congruent if there is a unitary matrix U of the same size such that A=UBUT . We show that A and B are unitarily congruent if and only if there is a unitary V such that . As an application of this characterization, we give simple derivations of several canonical forms for special classes of matrices under unitary congruence.
Knowledge, paradox, and the primacy of perception

Etude du caractere paradoxal de la primaute de la perception erigee en theorie de la connaissance chez Merleau-Ponty. Examinant les paradoxes qui resultent de la description phenomenologique de la perception comme mouvement transcendant vers l'objectivite, l'A. montre que la contradiction de l'experience de la vie ouvre un acces a la verite.
Marketing Order Impacts on Farm—Retail Price Spreads: Comment

In a recent article in this Journal, Thompson and Lyon (TL) reported that the FOB-retail price spreads for California-Arizona (CA) navel oranges narrowed when marketing order handler prorates were suspended during the 1984/85 season (p. 657). TL's findings are suspect for several reasons. One, TL's prices are for a heterogenous commodity, which makes it impossible to accurately differentiate the effect of varying quality from a suspension. The composition of shipment grades and sizes changes over time (and even if they did not change, the proportion of shipments in each grade and size category does). This point is important because when shipments include relatively large volumes of undesirable sizes and grades, the price spread widens because of large shrink.' Two, TL's analysis is based on weekly data for the last half of the 1984/85 season and the subsequent two seasons. They did not identify the suspensions during the 1985/86 and 1986/87 seasons. Failure to correctly identify the suspension periods can influence the findings. Three, TL's price spread specifications are suspect in lieu of the findings by Pick, Karrenbrock, and Carman that weekly price spreads for fresh CA navels display asymmetric response to changes in the FOB price and the lag adjustment to FOB price changes is one to three weeks.2 TL also assumed that the marketing margin equations are in reduced form, but retail and FOB prices and shipments are determined simultaneously with handler's supply and the retail demand for navels. Consequently, an instrumental variable estimator is appropriate. Four, TL's explanation of prorates' influence on price spreads is that producers and handlers favoring prorate maintained that the price spread increased as FOB prices fell while actual retail prices persisted at previous levels. Consumer advocates argued that the availability of a greater quantity and a wider variety f sizes benefited consumers and narrowed price spreads (p. 649). This explanation is vague. In this comment, the influence of a suspension on price spreads is analyzed by overcoming the last three problems of TL's article. The findings of this analysis illustrate that TL's findings are sensitive to the time period examined, data, and methods of analysis, and the comment also explains a suspensions' influnce on price spreads. However, this analysis, like TL's, is limited by using average prices, which prev nts an accurate measurement of the influence of
Determinants of the renal response to ACE inhibition in patients with congestive heart failure.

Abstract The objective of the present study was to determine whether pretreatment neurohormonal and renal hemodynamic parameters predict the change in renal function with the administration of quinapril, a new angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Twenty patients with New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III and IV heart failure were evaluated. Following pretreatment determination of renal function and plasma neurohormones, patients were treated daily with 10 mg of quinapril. Measurements of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal plasma flow (RPF) were repeated after 7 weeks to assess changes in function (ΔGFR and ΔRPF). Mean GFR increased from 49 ± 6 to 56 ± 7 ml/min/1.73 m 2 ( p = 0.10), but decreased in five patients. Mean RPF increased from 235 ± 23 to 252 ± 23 ml/min/1.73 m 2 ( p = 0.08), but decreased in five patients. There was no relation between ΔGFR and baseline determinations of GFR, RPF, plasma renin activity, plasma angiotensin II, or serum Na. Only a high filtration fraction (GFRRPF) predicted a decreased GFR ( r = 0.61, p
Should neuroleptic malignant syndrome be treated in a private psychiatric hospital or a general hospital

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) has come to be recognized as one of the most serious adverse reactions to neuroleptic therapy. Complications may include cardiopulmonary failure, rhabdomyolysis and renal failure, disseminated intravascular coagulation, infection, dehydration, and shock. This article points out the need for intensive medical management for patients with NMS and questions whether private psychiatric hospitals are adequate to the task.
Failure of seawater-acclimation to alter osmotic toxicity in Fundulus kansae

Abstract 1. 1. The plains killifish Fundulus kansae regulated plasma osmotic concentrations within narrow limits between fresh water and 66‰ sea water. 2. 2. Freshwater-held fish survived transfer to 38.5‰ sea water. 3. 3. With gradually increasing salinity, fish could survive in 99‰ sea water. 4. 4. Freshwater-held fish tolerated plasma osmotic concentrations of about 640 mOsm after transfer to sea water. 5. 5. Fish acclimated to hypersaline sea water (99‰) tolerated plasma osmotic concentrations of about 630 mOsm. 6. 6. We conclude that acclimation to sea water does not significantly alter cellular tolerance to high osmotic concentrations.
Characterization of Hydantoin Products from One-Electron Oxidation of 8-Oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine in a Nucleoside Model

Use of one-electron oxidants such as Na(2)IrCl(6) to oxidize 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (OG) residues in oligodeoxynucleotides was previously shown to lead to predominant formation of a base lesion of mass M - 10 compared to starting material [Duarte et al. (1999) Nucleic Acids Res. 27, 596-502]. To thoroughly characterize the structure of this lesion, the oxidation of the nucleoside 9-N-(2',3',5'-tri-O-acetyl-beta-D-erythro-pentanosyl)-8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine with one-electron oxidants at pH 2-4 was used as a model for duplex DNA oxidation of OG residues. (1)H NMR and H,H COSY NMR studies in CD(3)OD along with LC-ESI-MS/MS fragmentation analysis are consistent with the assignment of the M - 10 species as a mixture of two pH-dependent equilibrating isomers, a guanidinohydantoin (Gh) and an iminoallantoin (Ia) nucleoside, both present as mixtures of epimers at the C5 position of the hydantoin ring, i.e., four total isomers are formed. The Gh/Ia mixture is formed from hydration and decarboxylation of the initially formed intermediate 5-hydroxy-8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine, a species that is also produced by four-electron oxidation (e.g., singlet oxygen) of guanosine. The product mixture can be further oxidized to a species designated Ia(ox), a hydrolytically unstable material at pH 7 that has been characterized by ESI-MS and (1)H NMR. Competition studies with 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroadenosine placed the redox potential of Gh/Ia at about 1.0 V vs NHE. These studies provide important information concerning the structures of lesions obtained when OG, a "hot spot" for oxidative damage, serves as a "hole trap" in long-range electron-transfer studies.
An historical note on the finite element method

Some comparisons between the finite element method and two early methods in the calculus of variations are presented.
Antineoplastic agents. 32. The pseudoguaianolide helenalin.

Aus der PflanzeHelenium autummnale (Familie compositae) wurde ein alkolischer Extrakt gewonnen, der cytotoxische und antileukamische Aktivitat zeigte und die Helenalin (I) als wirksame Komponente enthielt. Die Behandlung von Mausen, die Trager von P 388 lymphocytischer Leukamie waren, ergab eine beachtliche (T/C 220) Verlangerung ihrer Lebenserwartung. Die Substanz zeigte ausserdem einen wachstumshemmenden Einfluss auf das Walker 256 Karzinom. Helenalin ist das erste Sesquiterpen vom Pseudoguaianolid Typ, welches in vivo eine solche antineoplastische Aktivitat zeigt.
Influence of Food Limitation on Reproductive Performance of Burrowing Owls

Abstract Reproductive strategies of birds are shaped by patterns of food supply, yet empirical evidence of the consequences and mechanisms of food limitation on reproductive performance is inconsistent, probably due to variable responses from species of differing life-history strategies. We tested the hypothesis that food supplementation would increase reproductive rates of a nonmigratory population of Burrowing Owls (Athene cunicularia) via direct and indirect pathways. We predicted increasing food availability would directly increase growth and survival of the youngest nestlings and would indirectly decrease predation rates of eggs and nestlings by increasing nest attendance. We experimentally supplemented food from clutch completion through brood-rearing during two breeding seasons (April–July 1999 and 2000) in the agricultural matrix of the Imperial Valley, in southeastern California. In both years, hatching success (hatchlings/egg laid) was similar between supplemented and non-supplemented nests, but...
The major component phospholipids of rapeseed gum

The phospholipids from a commercial rapeseed gum have been fractionated on DEAE-cellulose and silicic acid columns. The molar percentages of the major components were phosphatidyl choline (22), phosphatidyl inositol (18) and phosphatidyl ethanolamine (15). Other acidic phospholipids (16) were also observed but were not further investigated. The fatty acids from the phospholipid fractions showed little variation in composition. The chief components were palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids.
Sodium hypophosphite inhibition of the growth of selected gram-positive foodborne pathogenic bacteria.

Abstract Sodium hypophosphite (SHP) was evaluated for inhibition of growth of seleceed Gram-positive food-borne pathogenic bacteria in Trypticase Soy Broth. In addition, the effects of pH and sodium chloride (NaCl) alone and in combination with (SHP) were also examined. All inhibition studies were performed with optimal or nearly optimal growth conditions for each bacterium. Growth was monitored by determining culture optical density at 600 nm, and a time to significant growth determined for each test media. Ratios of time to significant growth for each control over that in test variables were used to evaluate the effect of SHP and other variables on growth. SHP was effective in inhibiting growth of Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium botulinum strains 62A 52A and Lamanna B, but generally ineffective against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus. Results from this investigation show that SHP has potential as a food ingredient for the inhibition of certain Gram-positive foodborne pathogens.
Corticoamygdaloid and corticocortical projections of the rat temporal cortex: APhaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin study

Abstract The projections of the rat temporal cortex to the amygdala and cerebral cortex were studied using the sensitive anterograde tracer, Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin. These studies revealed that the core of temporal area 1 had no projections to the amygdala but did send efferents to several cortical fields that projected to the amygdala, including temporal area 2, temporal area 3, the lateral occipital area 2, and a cortical zone along the dorsal, rostral and caudal borders of temporal area 1 (“Tel fringe”). The temporal area 1 fringe cortex had light projections to the amygdala that were confined to the dorsolateral subdivision of the lateral amygdaloid nucleus. Temporal area 2 and the caudal portion of temporal area 3 had projections to both the dorsolateral and ventromedial subdivisions of the lateral nucleus; the projection from temporal area 2 targeted mainly the ventromedial subdivision, whereas the projection from the caudal portion of temporal area 3 terminated primarily in the dorsolateral subdivision. The rostral portion of temporal area 3 had projections to both subdivisions of the lateral nucleus and to the basal magnocellular nucleus. Temporal areas 2 and 3 also had light projections to the lateral capsular subdivision of the central amygdaloid nucleus. Temporal cortical areas exhibited extensive reciprocal connections with each other. Temporal areas with amygdaloid projections also had extensive projections to the perirhinal cortex. The results of the present investigation, in conjunction with other studies of temporal cortical connections, suggest that all temporal regions projecting to the amygdala are multimodal sensory areas. The core of temporal area 1, which is probably the primary auditory area, apparently has no direct projections to the amygdala. The differential projections of different temporal areas to the amygdala suggests the existence of several distinct multimodal pathways arranged in a parallel configuration.