cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analysis in indexing: document and domain centered approaches

The paper discusses the notion of steps in indexing and reveals that the document-centered approach to indexing is prevalent and argues that the document-centered approach is problematic because it blocks out context-dependent factors in the indexing process. A domain-centered approach to indexing is presented as an alternative and the paper discusses how this approach includes a broader range of analyses and how it requires a new set of actions from using this approach; analysis of the domain, users and indexers. The paper concludes that the two-step procedure to indexing is insufficient to explain the indexing process and suggests that the domain-centered approach offers a guide for indexers that can help them manage the complexity of indexing.
ECONOMIC OPTIMIZATION IN PRODUCT DESIGN

Worldwide competition and rapid technological innovation have revitalized interest in efficient techniques for product design for quality and manufacturability. The Japanese approach, popularized by G. Taguchi, uses outcomes of statistical experiments to select settings for design parameters which yield desirable process mean and variance. In this paper we present mathematical models for incorporating the results of statistical performance models along with production costs into product design models. The objective of the models is to minimize the sum of quality loss, material and production costs. Costs are assumed to be functions of the design parameters. Statistical experiments are employed to aid in the development of quality performance models. Pertinent constraints include limits on the bias of the process mean and variance. The proposed approach permits a more general environment and utilizes a more direct, economic objective as compared to the Taguchi method. A product design example is presented.
Microscopic polymer cups by electrospinning

Abstract Polymer solution above a critical concentration is generally required for making a uniform diameter nano fiber by electrospinning. Below this critical concentration, nanofibers are accompanied with bead formation and, therefore, this concentration region has not received much attention. A systematic investigation reveals that unique particle shapes can be obtained by electroprocessing within this lower concentration range. Several micrometer diameter poly(methyl methacrylate) PMMA cups with wall thickness in the 200–800 nm range and 50–300 nm size pores have been obtained by electroprocessing in high dielectric constant solvents.
Models for chunk sputtering

Abstract A discussion is presented of physical models for the ejection of micron-sized “chunks” from surfaces under bombardment by 14 MeV neutrons. The general requirements which any viable model must meet are summarized and it is emphasized that these limit likely chunk candidates to protrusions or equivalent surface features. Some questions relating to Guinan's discussion of chunk release and to elaboration of it so as to accommodate effects of specific surface conditions are addressed. It is suggested that surface intrusions may be the most satisfactory source of the concentrations of stored energy essential to the model.
Affix grammar driven code generation

Affix grammars are used to describe the instruction set of a target architecture for purposes of compiler code generation. A code generator is obtained automatically for a compiler using attributed parsing techniques. A compiler built on this model can automatically perform most popular machine-dependent optimizations, including peephole optimizations. Code generators based on this model demonstrate retargetability for the VAX1-11, iAPX2-86, Z-80003, PDP4-11, MC-68000, NS32032, FOM, and IBM-370 architectures.
Improved jejunal loop dialysis using unconjugated bile salts.

Perfusion of isolated intestinal loops has been utilized in the management of uremia, although the technique has been limited by an inability to adequately extract creatinine. In a recent study of uremic rats, the addition of sodium deoxycholate (NaDC) to the perfusate increased clearance of sodium and creatinine sevenfold. This investigation was designed to confirm this effect in canines and to determine if increased creatinine excretion can be maintained in the absence of net water flux. Isolated jejunal loops of 38 to 75 cm in length were created in conditioned canines. Following a 2-week recovery period, loops were perfused with control solutions (Na 60 meq/liter, K 8 meq/liter, Cl 65 meq/liter, polyethylene glycol 5 g/liter, adjusted osmolarity 360 mosm/liter), and experimental solutions of comparable composition and osmolarity including 2 mM NaDC. NaDC perfusion increased loop creatinine excretion four- to sevenfold allowing clearances of up to 79 mg of creatinine/hr. This increase was statistically significant (P < 0.01) when compared to control perfusions (control 6.00 ± 5.16 mg/hr vs NaDC 37.54 ± 16.61 mg/hr). No net water flux and minimal electrolyte flux were noted. Longer loops required higher perfusion rates to maximize creatinine excretion; optimal perfusion rates approximated 40 ml/hr/cm. Bile salts significantly increased creatinine secretion from isolated jejunal loops without obligatory electrolyte or water movement. Addition of such local agents may improve the efficiency of intestinal dialysis and allow reconsideration of clinical use.
Confronting Decline in Early Modern Arabic Thought

This article argues that Arabic thinkers of the seventeenth century failed to confront the problem of decline in their societies in the manner that Ottoman and Spanish writers did. Arabic writers, from Alexandria in Egypt to Miknas in Morocco, refused to concede decline and instead declared the nasr (victory) of their deen (religion) of Islam over Europe, or used Ibn Khaldun to determine the fall of the European dunya (world). Only the Moriscos, who had been exposed to the empiricism of European thought, believed that war technology—and manuals about it and about other technologies—was needed to bridge the gap between a modernizing Europe and a stagnant Islamic West.
Density Changes in Thermometer Glasses

A study was made of the density changes in the thermometer glasses, Corning 0041, 7560, 1720 and an experimental glass, Corning EXP175EK. Thermometers fabricated from these glasses were given similar heat-treatments in their respective annealing ranges. Measurements were then made of the ice point changes at various fixed temperatures from room temperature to the normal upper useful limits of the glasses. Holding periods extended to 1 year. The ice point change in a thermometer is a measure of the per cent density change in the glass from which the bulb is fabricated. The relation of this change in density to temperature for a given duration of roasting appears to be well represented by two curves of the form of a constant times a temperature to a power. The value of the power appears to change rather abruptly at some temperature, T0, in the neighborhood of 150°C. below the strain point temperature and to be constant in the regions on either side of T0. At equal temperatures below the strain point the behavior of the glasses is quite similar.
Gauge-invariant calculations in finite-temperature QCD: Landau ghost and magnetic mass

Abstract Using a recently-introduced technique for resumming QCD graphs in terms of a gauge-invariant propagator, we show that in one-loop perturbation theory the Landau ghost for timelike gluons persists up to a temperature T L ≌ 3Λ , while the perturbative Landau ghost for magnetic gluons exists at all temperatures. The gauge technique is used to find a non-perturbative solution to the Schwinger-Dyson equation for magnetic gluons; the solution shows generation of a magnetic mass and no Landau ghost.
Parallelized solvers for heat conduction formulations

Based on multilevel partitioning, this paper develops a structural parallelizable solution methodology that enables a significant reduction in computational effort and memory requirements for very large scale linear and nonlinear steady and transient thermal (heat conduction) models. Due to the generality of the formulation of the scheme, both finite element and finite difference simulations can be treated. Diverse model topologies can thus be handled, including both simply and multiply connected (branched/perforated) geometries. To verify the methodology, analytical and numerical benchmark trends are verified in both sequential and parallel computer environments.
Cross Talk: Dialogue Between the Edge and the Center

This essay was inspired by Robert Gober's moving and brilliant creation of a room of Forrest Bess's work and life, set within Elisabeth Sussman's paradigm smashing 2012 Biennial. I read Bess as an artist and a man in struggle, creatively and personally, with several binaries: inside/outside, metropolitan and hometown, gender binaries, and binaries in artistic practice. In all spheres, highly consciously and perhaps also unconsciously, Bess's encounter with, defeat by, and victory over these binaries produced an extraordinary body of work. In this very postmodern modernist, we see the complexity of materiality in body, sexuality, gender, and art.
The plantation economy as an economic system

Abstract The recent literature on plantation economies is surveyed and an attempt is made to test some of the proposed hypotheses and ideas, using a sample of 41 nations around 1960. Four questions form the focus of the analysis: What is a plantation? What are the economic, political, and social forces giving rise to the plantation system of agriculture? What are the impacts of the plantation system on the rest of the economy and society? And what are the forces bringing change to plantation economies?
The “Arnold Schwarzenegger Effect”: Is strength of the “victim” related to misinterpretations of harm intrusions?

The present study used an in vivo paradigm to examine whether the victim's vulnerability in a harm-related intrusion affects beliefs about the importance of thoughts (i.e., Thought Action Fusion; TAF). Sixty-six undergraduate students at a large university were randomly assigned to imagine either a vulnerable (e.g., elderly man) or able-bodied individual (e.g., strong youthful male) they know getting into a car accident and provided in vivo ratings of anxiety, guilt, likelihood, moral wrongness, and urges to neutralize. Results indicated that thinking of car accident involving a vulnerable, compared to an able-bodied person, provoked more distress (anxiety and guilt), stronger feelings of moral wrongness, greater urges to cancel the effects of thinking such thoughts, and higher estimates of the likelihood that the collision would occur. The findings of our study broadly support Rachman's (1998) assertion that more significance and importance is attached to negative thoughts about vulnerable or helpless people. Current findings are discussed in terms of the cognitive-behavioral model of obsessions and clinical implications are addressed.
Characterization ofl-α-aminoadipic acid transport in cultured rat astrocytes

Abstract The mechanism of the selective gliotoxicity of l -α-aminoadipate ( l -αAA) is thought to involve its entry into glia as a substrate for glutamate transporters or, alternatively, its ability to inhibit glial glutamate transport. To clarify the properties of l -αAA as a transport substrate, we explored the ionic dependence, kinetics and pharmacology of l -[3H]αAA uptake in rat cortical astrocytes. We observed two components of saturable l -αAA uptake, one Na+-dependent and the other Na+-independent. These components exhibited the characteristics of system XAAG−, the widespread family of Na+-cotransporters of aspartate and glutamate, and system xc− , a Cl−-dependent glutamate/cystine exchanger, respectively. TheKm value of Na+-dependent l -αAA uptake was629 ± 42 μM, andVmax was62 ± 4nmol· min−1 · mg−1 protein, which was more than twice the capacity of Na+-dependent glutamate uptake. The kinetic parameters of Na+-dependent l -αAA uptake (Km of 20 ± 2 μM, Vmaxof1.7 ± 0.4nmol· min−1 · mg−1 protein did not differ from the values for Na+-independent glutamate uptake, indicating that l -αAA and glutamate are equally good substrates for system xc−.
Perceived Benefits of Retail Loyalty Programs: Their Effects on Program Loyalty and Customer Loyalty

The purpose of our study was to examine the interrelationship among the perceived benefits of retail loyalty programs (i.e., monetary savings, exploration, entertainment, recognition, social benefits), program loyalty, and customer loyalty within the context of apparel retailing. Monetary savings, entertainment, and social benefits were found to be positive predictors of program loyalty. Furthermore, program loyalty fully mediated the effects of entertainment, recognition, and social benefits on customer loyalty, whereas it served as a partial mediator in the link between monetary savings and customer loyalty. The implications of retail loyalty programs are discussed, as are limitations and areas for future research.
Nutritional management of the continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patient

C ONTINUOUS ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) has emerged as a popular treatment modality for patients with end-stage renal disease. The nutritional requirements of peritoneal dialysis patients are unique and deserve special attention. Factors such as protein losses into the dialysate and glucose absorption from the dialysate may affect the nutritional status and dietary management of this group of patients.
Activation of uranium metal

Treatment of uranium with hydrochloric or hydrobromic acid produces an adherent layer of hydride on the metal surface. When this hydride is decomposed by heat in a vacuum, the resulting metal surface reacts immediately with hydrogen at ambient temperature.
MiR-sensing chemotherapy resistance in CLL.

Resistance to chemotherapy is an unsolved medical problem and no clear solutions have been identified despite decades of research. In this issue of Blood , Zenz and colleagues identify miR-34a as a component of the chemotherapy resistance network in CLL. This is a remarkable finding with possible
Characterization of silica surfaces hydrophobized by octadecyltrichlorosilane

Abstract Adsorption of octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) on fused silica plates from cyclohexane solution has been studied at room temperature. By controlling solution conditions and reaction times, it is possible to produce surfaces of varying OTS coating, exhibiting a range of hydrophobicities. The amount of water in the system is the most critical factor in forming a stable, homogeneous OTS film. Based on contact angle data, atomic force micrographs, and FT-IR spectra of the OTS-covered silica surfaces, the kinetics of the silanation process have been studied, and a reaction mechanism is proposed.
Effects of N * Production on Nucleon-Nucleus Scattering

The Glauber theory of multiple scattering is extended so as to include the contributions of ${N}^{*}$ production and is applied to the elastic scattering of a nucleon from various nuclei for incident momenta in the range from 1.7 to 30 GeV/c. The momentum dependence of the nucleon-nucleus total cross sections is discussed. The influences of the inclusion of ${N}^{*}$ effects on the structure of the second maximum in the differential cross section is also investigated.
Functional visual loss

Functional visual loss is a common problem encountered in practice. It must be recognized that this problem occurs in patients who have organic illness. Manual perimetry is the most effective method for evaluating functional visual loss, and the presence of a central scotoma in a functional visual field strongly suggests that organic pathology is present. Neuropsychological and psychiatric intervention can be useful in treating these patients.
Hierarchical poly tree configurations for the solution of dynamically refined finite element models

This paper demonstrates how a multilevel substructuring technique, called the Hierarchical Poly Tree (HPT), can be used to integrate a localized mesh refinement into the original finite element model more efficiently. The optimal HPT configurations for solving isoparametrically square h-, p-, and hp-extensions on single and multiprocessor computers is derived. In addition, the reduced number of stiffness matrix elements that must be stored when employing this type of solution strategy is quantified. Moreover, the HPT inherently provides localize 'error-trapping' and a logical, efficient means with which to isolate physically anomalous and analytically singular behavior.
EUV studies of N2 and O2 produced by low energy electron impact

The emission spectrum of atomic nitrogen (NI), singly ionized atomic nitrogen (NII), atomic oxygen (OI), singly ionized atomic oxygen (OII), and molecular nitrogen (N2) dominates the day airglow and aurora spectrum in the extreme ultraviolet. However, analysis of the excitation of these lines is not possible due to the lack of laboratory or theoretical data for the relevant processes. Absolute emission excitation cross sections resulting from low energy electron impact on N2 and O2 have been measured in the extreme vacuum ultraviolet (500–1200 A). Electron energies were from 0 to 300 eV. Numerous bands of N2 were found between 800 and 1000 A. These band systems are of particular interest because their optical oscillator strengths are unusually large and should have large emission cross sections. Excitation functions were measured for the N2 c′ 1Σ+u → X 1Σ+g v′=0−v″=0 band emission, the NII 916 A multiplet, the OI 879 A multiplet, and the OII 834 A multiplet. In addition, cross sections were measured at 20...
Review of Proposed Methodology for Risk-Informed Relaxation to ASME Section XI: Appendix G

The current regulations, as set forth by the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), to insure that light-water nuclear reactor pressure vessels (RPVs) maintain their structural integrity when subjected to planned normal reactor startup (heat-up) and shut-down (cool-down) transients are specified in Appendix G to 10 CFR Part 50, which incorporates by reference Appendix G to Section XI of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Code. The technical basis for these regulations are now recognized by the technical community as being conservative and some plants are finding it increasingly difficult to comply with the current regulations. Consequently, the nuclear industry has developed, and submitted to the ASME Code for approval, an alternative risk-informed methodology that reduces the conservatism and is consistent with the methods previously used to develop a risk-informed revision to the regulations for accidental transients such as pressurized thermal shock (PTS). The objective of the alternative methodology is to provide a relaxation to the current regulations which will provide more operational flexibility, particularly for reactor pressure vessels with relatively high irradiation levels and radiation sensitive materials, while continuing to provide reasonable assurance of adequate protection to public health and safety. The NRC and its contractor at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) have recently performed an independent review of the industry proposed methodology. The NRC / ORNL review consisted of performing probabilistic fracture mechanics (PFM) analyses for a matrix of cool-down and heat-up rates, permutated over various reactor geometries and characteristics, each at multiple levels of embrittlement, including 60 effective full power years (EFPY) and beyond, for various postulated flaw characterizations. The objective of this review is to quantify the risk of a reactor vessel experiencing non-ductile fracture, and possible subsequent failure, over a wide range of normal transient conditions, when the maximum allowable thermal-hydraulic boundary conditions, derived from both the current ASME code and the industry proposed methodology, are imposed on the inner surface of the reactor vessel. This paper discusses the results of the NRC/ORNL review of the industry proposal including the matrices of PFM analyses, results, insights, and conclusions derived from these analyses.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Monoamines, estrogen and female sexual behavior in the golden hamster

In the golden hamster drugs which inhibit monoaminergic function (includingp-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA), methysergide andα-methyl-p-tyrosine (α-MPT) facilitated lordosis in ovarietomized female hamsters as a function of the duration of estradiol benzoate (EB) priming. α-MPT (200 mg/kg), methysergide (6 mg/animal) or PCPA (150 or 360 mg/kg) potentiated lordosis if 6 days of EB priming preceded drug treatment. However, if female hamsters were primed with EB for only 2 days, α-MPT and methysergide were ineffective. PCPA (360 mg/kg) was less effective after 2 days of EB than after 6 days of EB priming. α-MPT produced a three-fold elevation in progesterone levels in ovariectomized females but methysergide and PCPA did not influence serum progesterone. PCPA (360 mg/kg) facilitated lordosis in adrenalectomized, ovariectomized females, eliminating the possibility that adrenal progesterone is essential for the behavioral effects of the drug. Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone levels in the preoptic/anterior hypothalamic area and the medial basal hypothalamus were also not significantly altered at 1 h after PCPA injection. Pimozide (1.5 mg/kg) and pimozide (1.5 mg/kg) and amphetamine (2.5 mg/kg) did not potentiate lordosis in ovariectomized hamsters after either 2 or 6 days of EB priming. Pargyline, a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, inhibited female sexual behavior in females in estrogen alone-induced estrus. Lordosis in the female rat is more readily elicited both by drugs and estrogen. It is proposed with regard to female sexual behavior that species differences in estrogen sensitivity may underlie apparent differences in drug sensitivity.
Order of Report, Ear Asymmetry and Handedness in Dichotic Listening

Summary When different numbers were presented simultaneously to each ear, Ss tended to report all the numbers from one channel before reporting any from the other (Broadbent effect). The results contradicted Kimura's findings on the low incidence of the ear order effect, but showed that when verbal input is increased, the frequency of the effect and over-all accuracy decrease. Kimura's ear asymmetry hypothesis, however, was shown to be true for varying amounts of verbal input. The fact that the ear asymmetry occurred for recall on the delayed “storage” half-spans suggested a rapproachement between both Broadbent and Kimura. The striking relationship between handedness and ear asymmetry was discussed in relation to speech-brainedness.
Effects of working memory capacity on mental set due to domain knowledge.

The present set of studies examines how working memory capacity (WMC) relates to performance on a Remote Associates Task (RAT), originally designed by Mednick (1962) as a quantifiable creative problem solving assessment. The source of fixation was manipulated across two sets of RAT items. One set was neutral with no specific fixation embedded in them, while the second set was baseball-misleading, designed so that prior knowledge of baseball would lead to an incorrect solution attempt (Wiley, 1998). WMC scores were positively related to performance on RAT items in all conditions, except one. High baseball knowledge participants’ WMC scores did not relate to performance on the baseball-misleading RAT. While in general WMC may lead to better RAT performance, these results suggest that when there is a candidate solution strongly activated by prior knowledge, WMC may actually lead to too much focus on the incorrect solution and exacerbate mental sets.
Fluorodeoxyglucose-PET in the management of breast cancer

FDG-PET can be helpful in the diagnosis of primary breast cancer, especially in patients with dense breast tissue, significant fibrocystic changes, fibrosis after radiotherapy, and inconclusive results from MR imaging and other imaging modalities. PET has a limited role in patients with very small tumors and with well-differentiated and lobular types of breast cancer. In preoperative staging, FDG-PET has a low sensitivity for detection of regional lymph node involvement. Also, current PET imaging techniques can easily miss micrometastases. FDG-PET, however, has high positive predictive value for the axillary lymph node involvement, especially patient with advanced tumors. Compared with conventional imaging modalities, FDG-PET provides high diagnostic accuracy in detecting recurrent or metastatic breast carcinoma. FDG-PET seems to be highly useful for monitoring response to therapeutic interventions. This technique can identify response to therapy earlier than any other imaging method currently available. Obviously, identification of nonresponding patients could greatly improve patient management by allowing termination of ineffective and toxic therapies.
Elevated brain lactate accumulation and increased neurologic deficit are associated with modest hyperglycemia in global brain ischemia

This study determined if hyperglycemia: (1) augments ischemic cerebral cortical lactate accumulation during complete cerebral ischemia; and (2) exacerbates subsequent neurologic morbidity and mortality. Dextrose (D5W, n = 8) or normal saline (n = 6) was administered i.v. prior to 10 min of global cerebral ischemia induced by normothermic cardiac arrest in dogs. Before arrest plasma glucose was significantly higher in the D5W-treated group than saline-infused (407 +/- 31 vs. 11 9 +/- 20 mg/dl, P less than 0.05). By 6 h post-arrest, seven of eight D5W-infused dogs died, compared to one of six saline-infused dogs (P = 0.002). D5W-infused dogs showed significantly greater neurologic deficit at 2, 6, and 12 h post-arrest. In a complementary protocol, dogs were pretreated in the same manner, however, six cerebral cortical brain biopsies were taken before, during, and immediately after cardiac arrest. Plasma glucose was 320 +/- 17 mg/dl in the D5W-infused dogs and lower (P less than 0.001), 140 +/- 5 mg/dl, in the saline-infused group. Cerebral cortical lactate accumulation was slightly but significantly greater during ischemia and early reperfusion in animals receiving dextrose. Neither plasma nor cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) creatine kinase isoenzymes nor plasma or CSF lactate concentrations, measured during and for 25 min after cardiac arrest, served as a good prognostic indicator of 24 h neurologic morbidity or mortality. Therefore, induction of complete cerebral ischemia in the presence of moderate hyperglycemia is associated with profound neurologic dysfunction and striking mortality. A qualitative but not quantitative increase in brain lactate accumulation is consistent with the hypothesis that lactate may contribute to the increased severity of neurologic dysfunction with hyperglycemia.
Acetato[hydridotris(5‐methyl‐3‐phenylpyrazol‐1‐yl‐κN2)borato]copper(II)

Reaction of potassium hydridotris(5-methyl-3-phenyl­pyrazoly)borate with copper(II) acetate in methanol at room temperature gives the title compound, [Cu(C30H28BN6)(C2H3O2)]. The Cu atom is five-coordinated by three N atoms from pyrazolyl groups and two O atoms from the acetate ligand.
Defining Indecency as an Artifact of Cultural Policy

This article examines the United States’ enforcement of indecency norms in the broadcast arena to discern how it illuminates cultural policy. The article looks at several examples of how enforcement of indecency norms has contributed to the development of an indecency policy that is in tension with other aspects of cultural policy including diversity of voices and localism.
Anti and gauche conformers of an inorganic butane analogue, NH3BH2NH2BH3.

The crystal structures of an inorganic butane analogue, NH3BH2NH2BH3 (DDAB), were determined using single crystal X-ray diffraction, revealing both anti and gauche conformations. The anti conformation is stabilized by intermolecular dihydrogen bonds in the crystal whereas two gauche conformations of DDAB observed in its 18-crown-6 adducts are stabilized by an intramolecular dihydrogen bond. The two gauche conformations show rotational isomerization but whether they are a pair of enantiomers is yet to be defined.
Regulation of outer-arm-dynein activity by phosphorylation and control of ciliary beat frequency

Ciliary beating is empowered by a mechanochemical enzyme, dynein, which appears as two rows of projections on doublet microtubules. While inner-arm dyneins modulate beat form, outer-arm dynein empowers ciliary beat and sets beat frequency. Beat frequency is controlled via phosphorylation of outer-arm dynein. UsingParamecium tetraurelia as model system, we have previously identified a regulatory light chain of outer-arm dynein (22S dynein), Mr29 (p29), whose phosphorylation is cAMP-dependent. The phosphorylation state of the p29 in 22 S dynein determines in vitro microtubule translocation velocity. Although in vitro phosphorylation of p29 takes place in a short time, the percent change ist significantly less than the percent change in dynein activation, or in ciliary beat frequency. A potential mechanism that explains how a few activated dyneins can change ciliary beating is discussed.
Paraneoplastic neurologic syndrome: A practical approach

Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNS) are rare disorders associated with cancer, not caused by direct invasion, metastasis or consequences of treatment. They are usually autoimmune in nature. Often, PNS precedes the manifestations of cancer. Onconeural antibodies are important in the diagnosis and management of these disorders. These antibodies are specific for the malignancy rather than for a particular neurological syndrome. Often, there are different antibodies associated with the same syndrome. Multiple antibodies are also known to coexist in a given patient with malignancy. While investigating a patient for suspected PNS, the entire gamut of onconeural antibodies should be investigated so as not to miss the diagnosis. In 30-40% of the cases, PNS can occur without antibodies. Investigations for identifying the underlying cancer can be directed by the antibody panel. If conventional screening for cancer is negative, a positron emission scanning/computed tomography scan can be useful. Patients need follow-up surveillance for cancer if not detected in the first instance. Cancer detection and treatment, immunotherapy and supportive care are important components of treatment of PNS. Immunotherapy is very effective in PNS associated with cell membrane-associated antibodies like voltage-gated potassium channel complex, NMDA receptor antibodies and voltage-gated calcium channel antibodies. Immunotherapy includes steroids, IVIgG, plasmaphereis, cytotoxic medications and rituximab. Supportive therapy includes symptomatic treatment with antiepileptic and analgesic medications, physiotherapy, speech therapy and occupational therapy. PNS can mimic any neurologic syndrome. A high index of clinical suspicion is important for early diagnosis and prompt management and better outcome.
Predictors of use of complementary and alternative medicine by non-hodgkin lymphoma survivors and relationship to quality of life.

Hypotheses. This study hypothesized that non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) patients who used complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) would have higher health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and a gre...
Impact of single or multicentre study design on the results of trials examining the efficacy of adjunctive devices to prevent distal embolisation during acute myocardial infarction.

Aims We investigated using meta-analytic techniques, whether, and to what degree, single or multicentre study design affects clinical outcomes in randomised controlled trials examining the efficacy of adjunctive devices to prevent distal embolisation during acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods and results We searched electronic databases, conference proceedings, and internet-based sources of information to identify relevant studies through March 2009. The pooled summary effect was estimated with a random effects model. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were conducted to examine the impact of single or multicentre design on trial outcomes compared with other variables. A total of 25 randomised trials (5,919 patients) were included in the analysis. The major sources of heterogeneity in trial outcomes were single or multicentre design, type of device used, study size, study region, and presence of conflicts of interest, of which the most influential source of heterogeneity was single or multicentre design (p-values of regression coefficient on meta-regression analyses were 0.09 for mortality, 0.001 for incomplete ST-segment resolution, and 0.07 for impaired myocardial blush grade, respectively). Conclusions Single or multicentre study design has a significant impact on outcomes in trials examining the efficacy of adjunctive devices in AMI.
Crystal-structure of Tetragonal Strontium Oxalate

Two aspects of the structure of tetragonal calcium oxalate (weddellite), namely: (1) that the oxalate ion has the symmetry mmm; (2) that the crystalline salt has a water content of 2 + zeolitic X H2O (X ≤ 0.5) (ref. 1), can be examined further. Klasens, Perdok and Terpstra2 described tetragonal strontium oxalate as being isomorphic with weddellite, but they gave the number of molecules of water in the former as 2.5 and in the latter as 3.
Short and long term memory in two inbred strains of mice.

Abstract Conditioned avoidance behavior has been studied in two strains of mice by using different training schedules. The strain C3H/He reached a higher performance when the trials were massed while DBA mice showed a better retention by distributing practice. The results are discussed on the basis of a dual mechanism of memory storage.
The Internal Nasal Skeleton of the Bat Pteropus lylei K. Andersen, 1908 (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae)

ABSTRACT The cranial osteology of the megachiropteran Pteropus Brisson, 1762, was the subject of recent study that covered all of the skull bones in significant detail, except for the anatomy of the nasal capsule. Here, we describe and illustrate the internal nasal skeleton of Pteropus lylei K. Andersen, 1908, using histological sections of a fetus and high resolution X-ray computed tomographic (HRXCT) imagery of an adult specimen. The internal nasal skeleton of Pteropus lacks a rostral nasoturbinal and includes a caudal nasoturbinal that corresponds to the ossified crista semicircularis of the fetus; three endoturbinals; one ectoturbinal; the maxilloturbinal; and a low basal crest that may represent a rudimentary element. We describe in detail the structure and connections of these elements in Pteropus. The maxilloturbinal is the largest element. In cross section, the caudal nasoturbinal is unilaminar, the maxilloturbinal is double bilaminar (i.e., each of the basal twin laminae splits further into two s...
THE FOCUSSED INTERVIEW AND FOCUS GROUPS CONTINUITIES AND DISCONTINUITIES

No one can be more surprised at my being here than I. Four years ago, I wrote myself a "self-emancipation proclamation," a one-page statement asserting that I would not again accept any invitation from any source to write a book, edit a book, write a paper, write a review article-or give a public lecture (unless it so happened that I had already written or edited that book, written that paper or review article, or assembled notes for the public lecture). Yet here I am. But what was one to do when an admired student of long ago turns out to be the president of the New York chapter of the professional organization that one's lifelong collaborator at Columbia had helped to found? (You will instantly recognize both allusions: the one to Alan Meyer, the other to Paul Lazarsfeld.) That did not provide many degrees of freedom. However, in accord with the spirit of that self-emancipating proclamation, I did prevail upon the organizers of this session to bill me unmistakably as indulging only in impromptu remarks. However, that doesn't mean that I've done no homework at all. I had to do some, or remain wholly silent. The truth of the matter is that there can't be many people in the field of social science and certainly none in the related field of marketing research who know less about focus groups than I. If there are, that spells trouble. So it was that when Alan broached the subject of focus groups to me, he enlisted my curiosity at once. It had been only a little while ago that Pat Kendall and I had learned of the widespread use of focus groups in marketing research. Perhaps we had been reading the "wrong" books and the "wrong" journals. At any rate, when this development was lately
Synthetic applications of the tandem aldol condensation-radical cyclization sequence. A new and highly convergent method for the annulation of carbocycles

Abstract The sequential treatment of α,β-unsaturated ketones with (phenylseleno)alanes or titanates followed by representative β,γ-unsaturated aldehydes has been shown to furnish β-(phenylseleno)ketols in high yield. The reductive cyclization of these species in the presence of tri- n -butyltin hydride affords the corresponding condensed carbocycles with high efficiency.
Electronic density of states in disordered alloys

Abstract The electronic densities of states are calculated for a two-sublattice alloy in single-site coherent potential approximation (CPA) and for an alloy with off-diagonal randomness in two-site CPA. In the first part of this paper, we study the compositional dependent energy gap and bound states for a Hubbard-like model. In the second part, we investigate the effect of the off-diagonal randomness on the impurity states.
Near-Ultraviolet Emission Spectroscopy During an Airborne Observation of the Stardust Reentry

Thermal radiation of the heatshield and the emission of the postshock layer around the Stardust capsule, during its reentry, were detected by a NASA-led observation campaign aboard NASA’s DC-8 airborne observatory involving teams from several nations. The German SLIT experiment used a conventional spectrometer, in a Czerny–Turner configuration (300 mm focal length and a 600 lines=mm grating), fed by fiber optics, to cover a wavelength range from 324 to 456 nm with a pixel resolution of 0.08 nm. The reentering spacecraft was tracked manually using a camerawith a viewangle of 20 deg, and light from the capsulewas collected using a smallmirror telescopewith a view angle of only 0.45 deg. Data were gathered with a measurement frequency of 5 Hz in a 30-s time interval around the point of maximum heating until the capsule left the field of view. The emission of carbon nitride (as a major ablation product), N 2 and different atoms were monitored successfully during that time. Because of the nature of the experimental setup, spatial resolution of the radiation field was not possible. Therefore, all measured values represent an integration of radiation from the visible part of the glowing heatshield, and from the plasma in the postshock region. Further, due to challenges in tracking, not every spectrum gathered contained data. Themeasured spectra can be split up into two parts: 1) continuum spectra, which represent a superposition of the heatshield radiation and the continuum radiation of particles due to microspallation in the plasma, and 2) line spectra from the plasma in the shock layer. Planck temperatures (interpreted as the surface temperatures of the Stardust heatshield) were determined assuming either a constant surface temperature, or a temperature distribution deduced from numerical simulation. The constant surface temperatures are in good agreement with numerical simulations, but the peak values at the stagnation point are significantly lower than those in the numerical simulation if a temperature distribution over the surface is assumed. Emission bands of carbon nitride and N 2 were tracked along the visible trajectory and compared with a spectral simulation with satisfying agreement. Values for the integrated radiation of the transitions of interest for these species were extracted from this comparison.
Use of X-band radars to support the detection of in-flight icing hazards

The NASA Icing Remote Sensing System was operated for the Alliance Icing Research Study II field program during the winter of 2003 around Montreal, Canada and around Cleveland, Ohio during the winter of 2005. Icing research aircraft flights from these field programs provided verification data on liquid water content, air temperature and also cloud particle imagery and distributions. The purpose of this work is to show that the NASA Icing Remote Sensing System X-band radar reflectivity profiles could be used beyond merely defining vertical cloud boundaries, by operationally deriving a qualitative small drop icing hazard warning flag. Several case studies are presented which depict a variety of synoptic weather scenarios. These cases demonstrate that X-band reflectivities below -10 dBZ and above the minimum detectable are uniquely indicative of a particle population dominated by small, liquid droplets. A discussion is included for each case on how an in-flight icing hazard flag from the radar reflectivity profile would improve the operational hazard detection system. Comparison of the NASA Icing Remote Sensing System's X-band radar data to a nearby similar X-band from McGill University is done to ensure data quality and consistency.
Northward migration under a changing climate: a case study of blackgum (Nyssa sylvatica)

Species are predicted to shift their distribution ranges in response to climate change. Region-wide, empirically-based studies, however, are still limited to support these predictions. We used a model tree species, blackgum (Nyssa sylvatica), to study climate-induced range shift. Data collected from two separate sampling periods (1980s and 2007) by the USDA's Forestry and Inventory Analysis (FIA) Program were used to investigate changes in abundance and domi- nance, and shifts in distribution, of blackgum in four ecoregions of the eastern United States. Our results indicated new recruitment of blackgum in the northern portion of its range, along with increases in both density and annual rates of change in importance value (IV). Conversely, declines in recruitment were found in the southern portion of blackgum's range, along with decreases in density and IV. The center portion of blackgum's range had mixed patterns of change (i.e., both increases and decreases) throughout. A northward range expansion was also detected by comparing blackgum's historic range to where it was detected during our two more-recent sampling periods. Our findings suggest that blackgum is migrating north in response to climate change. Our study also suggests two broader implications about tree migration patterns in response to climate change: (1) species can respond to changing climate in relatively short time periods, at least for generalist species such as blackgum, and (2) climate-induced vegetation dynamic patterns can be detected at the regional level, but are inherently complex.
Tracers in Hydrology

Christian Leibundgut, Piotr Maloszewski, and Christoph Kulls. John Wiley & Sons, 111 River St., Hoboken, NJ. 2009. Hardcover, $99.95. ISBN: 978-0-470-51885-4. The use of tracers in hydrologic studies has shown to be valuable at spatial scales ranging from a laboratory column of a few centimeters
Development and assessment of traditional and innovative media to reduce individual HIV/AIDS-related stigma attitudes and beliefs in India

Although stigma is considered a major barrier to effective response to the HIV/AIDS epidemic, there is a lack of evidence on effective interventions. This media intervention took place among key HIV-vulnerable communities in Southern India. Two HIV stigma videos were created using techniques from traditional film production and new media digital storytelling. A series of 16 focus group discussions were held in 4 rural and 4 urban sites in South India, with specific groups for sex workers, men who have sex with men, young married women, and others. Focus groups with viewers of the traditional film (8 focus groups, 80 participants) and viewers of the new media production (8 focus groups, 69 participants) revealed the mechanisms through which storyline, characters, and esthetics influence viewers’ attitudes and beliefs about stigma. A comparative pre-/post-survey showed that audiences of both videos significantly improved their stigma scores. We found that a simple illustrated video, produced on a limited budget by amateurs, and a feature film, produced with an ample budget by professionals, elicited similar responses from audiences and similar positive short-term outcomes on stigma.
SU-E-U-06: MR-Guided Focused Ultrasound After Uterine Artery Embolization: What Happens to the Embosphere Microspheres?

Introduction: In order to select appropriate candidates for treatment of uterine fibroids using MR guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS), a careful review of the patients' history and imaging is required. Not infrequently, patients with uterine fibroids seeking MRgFUS have previously undergone uterine artery embolization (UAE). The most common embolic agent used during UAE is Embosphere microspheres (Merit Medical Systems, INC, South Jordan, UT). Following UAE, the microspheres remain in the capillary beds of the fibroid vessels indefinitely. However, little is known regarding the nature of Embosphere microspheres in the setting of elevated temperatures (65–85degrees C) generated by high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU). Embosphere microspheres are made of an acrylic co‐polymer (trisacryl), which is cross‐linked with gelatin. The aim of the present study was to evaluate for changes in Embosphere microspheres that underwent HIFU. Purpose: To evaluate for changes in shape and nature of Embosphere microspheres following MRgFUS.Materials and Methods: 10cc of 500–700micron Embosphere microspheres were injected into chicken breast. HIFU thermal ablation was performed, reaching high enough temperature to coagulate the chicken breast surrounding the microspheres. Additionally a vial containing microspheres was placed in a bath of heating water and temperature monitoring was performed until a maximum temperature of 100 degrees C. Gross and microscopic evaluation of the microspheres following HIFU and waterbath heating was performed. Results: The microspheres maintained their normal structure without evidence of denaturing or melting when targeted directly with HIFU (Figure 1). Additionally, the microspheres in boiling water did not alter their shape and structural integrity (Figure 2). Conclusion: HIFU of Embosphere microspheres does not change the structural integrity of the particles. As such, in the setting of prior UAE with Embosphere microspheres, MRgFUS may be safe without inducing particle denaturing or melting.
High Glucose Alters Endothelial Cell Response to Shear Stress

Endothelial cells line the walls of all blood vessels, where they maintain homeostasis through control of vascular tone, permeability, inflammation, and the growth and regression of blood vessels. Endothelial cells are mechanosensitive to fluid shear stress, elongating and aligning in the flow direction [1–2]. This shape change is driven by rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton and focal adhesions [2]. Hyperglycemia, a hallmark of diabetes, affects endothelial cell function. High glucose has been shown to increase protein kinase C, formation of glucose-derived advanced glycation end-products, and glucose flux through the aldose reductase pathway within endothelial cells [3]. These changes are thought to be related to increased reactive oxygen species production [4]. While endothelial cell mechanics have been widely studied in healthy conditions, many disease states have yet to be explored. Biochemical alterations related to high glucose may alter endothelial cell mechanics.© 2009 ASME