cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Moderating Capacity of Racial Identity Between Perceived Discrimination and Psychological Well-being Over Time among African American Youth

This study examined the influence of racial identity in the longitudinal relation between perceptions of racial discrimination and psychological well-being for approximately 560 African American youth. Latent curve modeling (LCM) and parallel process multiple-indicator LCMs with latent moderators were used to assess whether perceptions of racial discrimination predicted the intercept (initial levels) and the slope (rate of change) of psychological well-being over time, and whether racial identity moderates these relations. The results indicated that African American adolescents who reported higher psychological responses to discrimination frequency levels at the first time point had lower initial levels of well-being. Regressing the slope factor for psychological well-being on the frequency of discrimination also revealed a nonsignificant result for subsequent well-being levels.
Information‐Seeking Behavior in Intercultural and Intergroup Communication

This review essay analyzes the current status of information-seeking research and theory in the field of intercultural communication writ broadly. After drawing distinctions between different types of intercultural communication research (cross-cultural, intercultural, intergroup), the authors discuss how information seeking might be relevant across types and different between types of intercultural communication. Finally, the authors recommend directions for future research.
Landsat 8 on-orbit characterization and calibration system

The Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM) is planning to launch the Landsat 8 satellite in December 2012, which continues an uninterrupted record of consistently calibrated globally acquired multispectral images of the Earth started in 1972. The satellite will carry two imaging sensors: the Operational Land Imager (OLI) and the Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS). The OLI will provide visible, near-infrared and short-wave infrared data in nine spectral bands while the TIRS will acquire thermal infrared data in two bands. Both sensors have a pushbroom design and consequently, each has a large number of detectors to be characterized. Image and calibration data downlinked from the satellite will be processed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center using the Landsat 8 Image Assessment System (IAS), a component of the Ground System. In addition to extracting statistics from all Earth images acquired, the IAS will process and trend results from analysis of special calibration acquisitions, such as solar diffuser, lunar, shutter, night, lamp and blackbody data, and preselected calibration sites. The trended data will be systematically processed and analyzed, and calibration and characterization parameters will be updated using both automatic and customized manual tools. This paper describes the analysis tools and the system developed to monitor and characterize on-orbit performance and calibrate the Landsat 8 sensors and image data products.
Using Satellite-Derived SST Fronts to Evaluate an Eddy Resolving Numerical Circulation Model

The ability of HYCOM, an eddy-resolving ocean circulation model, to properly simulate the distribution of fronts in the upper ocean is evaluated using satellite-derived SST fields obtained from the MODIS spectro-radiometer. Although the HYCOM simulations are global, the analysis presented here was for the North Atlantic only. The MODIS data were resampled to the HYCOM grid, the University of Rhode Island (URI) edge detection algorithm was applied to the three year time series for both data sets and the frontal probabilities for the entire period were calculated at each pixel location for both data sets. Finally, the HYCOM minus MODIS frontal probabilities were analyzed. Preliminary results suggest that HYCOM tends to produce 10% more fronts than MODIS over most of the North Atlantic, but to underproduce fronts in a wide band crossing the North Atlantic from approximately 15degN, 60degW to approximately 30degN, 20degW.
Particle Size Distributions in Suspension Polymerizations: Effect of Added Low Molecular Weight Compounds

The effect of low molecular weight water-insoluble hydrocarbon additives on the formation of colloidal particles in suspension polymerization of methyl methacrylate and vinyl acetate has been investigated. Polymer colloids especially below 0.5 μm may be formed by dissolution of smaller sized polymerizing droplets, in addition to those formed by homogeneous nucleation. The additive prevents the complete dissolution of small droplets and thus changes the colloidal particle size and size distribution profoundly. The effect of the nature of and chain length of hydrocarbon additives in the polymerizations is discussed in the light of Flory-Huggins theory, the Kelvin theory for the effect of changes in droplet curvature, and the water-solubility of the additives.
Photometric indicators of visual night sky quality derived from all-sky brightness maps

Abstract Wide angle or fisheye cameras provide a high resolution record of artificial sky glow, which results from the scattering of escaped anthropogenic light by the atmosphere, over the sky vault in the moonless nocturnal environment. Analysis of this record yields important indicators of the extent and severity of light pollution. The following indicators were derived through numerical analysis of all-sky brightness maps: zenithal, average all-sky, median, brightest, and darkest sky brightness. In addition, horizontal and vertical illuminance, resulting from sky brightness were computed. A natural reference condition to which the anthropogenic component may be compared is proposed for each indicator, based upon an iterative analysis of a high resolution natural sky model. All-sky brightness data, calibrated in the V band by photometry of standard stars and converted to luminance, from 406 separate data sets were included in an exploratory analysis. Of these, six locations representing a wide range of severity of impact from artificial sky brightness were selected as examples and examined in detail. All-sky average brightness is the most unbiased indicator of impact to the environment, and is more sensitive and accurate in areas of slight to moderate light pollution impact than zenith brightness. Maximum vertical illuminance provides an excellent indicator of impacts to wilderness character, as does measures of the brightest portions of the sky. Zenith brightness, the workhorse of field campaigns, is compared to the other indicators and found to correlate well with horizontal illuminance, especially at relatively bright sites. The median sky brightness describes a brightness threshold for the upper half of the sky, of importance to telescopic optical astronomy. Numeric indicators, in concert with all-sky brightness maps, provide a complete assessment of visual sky quality at a site.
Bojamyces repens: a new genus and species of Harpellales (Trichomycetes) from a lentic mayfly

(1989). Bojamyces Repens: A New Genus and Species of Harpellales (Trichomycetes) from a Lentic Mayfly. Mycologia: Vol. 81, No. 3, pp. 482-486.
Electroabsorption Effect in GexSi1-x/Si Multiple Quantum Wells at Room Temperature

A red shift of the fundamental absorption edge due to an electric field applied perpendicular to the multiple quantum wells (MQWs) may result from quantum effects such as the Quantum Confined Stark Effect (QCSE) [1] and has already been demonstrated in several compound semiconductors, e.g. the GaAs/AlGaAs system [2] and the InP/InGaAs system [3]. However, no such room-temperature effects have been reported for the GexSi1-x system although the presence of the QCSE has been indicated and photocurrent measurement results at 77 K have been shown [4]. In this communication we present room temperature photocurrent measurements in GexSi1-x/Si MQWs grown by Remote Plasma-enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (RPCVD) [5],[6]. These measurements indicate that optoelectronic devices such as optical modulators [7] and Self Electrooptic Devices (SEEDs) [8] operating at the technologically important wavelengths of 1.3 fim and 1.55 μm can be realized.
Patients' Perception of Feeling Known by Their Nurses and the Nurse Practice Envrionment

Healthcare leaders have a responsibility to understand the connection between healthy practice environments and patients’ perceptions of care. The purpose of this research was to explore the relationship between the nurses’ perception of the practice environment and the patients’ perception of feeling known by their nurses. This descriptive, correlational study used quantitative and qualitative methodology. A convenience sample of 123 patients, on six patient care units, completed the Patients’ Perception of Feeling Known by their Nurses Scale and a supplemental survey designed to determine the content validity of the Patients’ Perception of Feeling Known by their Nurses Scale. To measure registered nurse satisfaction at the unit level (N=6), 290 nurses completed the National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators RN Survey with Job Satisfaction Scales-R. Patients’ perception of feeling known by their nurses was high with a mean of 3.5 out of 4.0. No significant differences between levels of care were found. Nurses had favorable satisfaction at 4.37 on a 6 point scale. Nesting patients within individual nursing units, mixed linear modeling for the relationship between job satisfaction and patients’ perception of feeling known was non-significant (t(4) = -1.085, p > .05). The supplemental survey offered content validation on the subscales of “Experienced a meaningful, personal connection with their nurses” and “Felt empowered by their nurses to participate in their care.” For the subscale “Felt safe” a focus on safety measures was revealed as a new category. The fourth subscale, “Experienced being recognized as a unique human being,” suggests nursing has opportunity for improvement in the more subjective aspects of patient care.
Vagotomy and gallstones.

The possibility of a link between vagotomy and gallstones was explored in a personal series. The number of patients found to have gallstones 1 to 10 years after vagotomy was about what one would expect in any group of persons of this age. A prospective rather than a retrospective study would be a better test.
13-Hydroxy octadecadienoic acid (13-HODE) inhibits triacylglycerol-rich lipoprotein secretion by CaCo-2 cells

Oxidized lipids present in atherogenic lipopro- teins are derived, in part, from the diet. To address the ef- fects of an oxidized lipid on intestinal lipoprotein assembly and secretion, CaCo-2 cells were incubated with 13-HODE or its native fatty acid, linoleic acid, and triacylglycerol-rich lipoprotein synthesis and secretion were investigated. 13- HODE was readily taken up by cells and esterified to lipids. Although both fatty acids were largely esterified to neutral lipids, in comparison to neutral lipids containing linoleic acid, a greater proportion of cellular neutral lipids contain- ing 13-HODE and/or its metabolites was secreted. Com- pared to linoleic acid, however, 13-HODE caused less tri- acylglycerol, derived from de novo synthesis, and less triacylglycerol mass to be secreted. Cells incubated with both linoleic acid and 13-HODE together secreted less tri- acylglycerol mass than did cells incubated with linoleic acid alone. Less newly synthesized apoB and apoB mass were se- creted by cells incubated with 13-HODE without altering the abundance of apoB mRNA. The fraction of newly synthesized apoB translocated into the secretory pathway of cells exposed to 13-HODE was significantly less than that observed in cells incubated with linolenic acid, sug- gesting that 13-HODE interfered with the assembly and se- cretion of triacylglycerol-rich lipoprotein particles.— Mur- thy, S., E. Born, S. Mathur, and F. J. Field. 13-Hydroxy octadecadienoic acid (13-HODE) inhibits triacylglycerol- rich lipoprotein secretion by CaCo-2 cells. J. Lipid Res. 1998. 39: 1254-1262.
It’s Not Just a Driver’s License Anymore

Every time a Transportation Security Administration, (TSA) agent closely examines my driver’s license, I have a hard time not making one of those wisecracks that gets you into trouble. The reason? I know that driver’s licenses as a means of identification are a joke. Fake ones can still be ordered on the Internet or purchased for about $60 in many cities, and real ones can be obtained fraudulently.The joke becomes a lot less funny when one recalls that several of the 9/11 hijackers used phony documents to acquire driver‘s licenses, which they used to obtain credit cards, enroll in flight school and purchase airplane tickets. Yet little has been done since then to make driver’s licenses more reliable, despite the fact that they are by far the most commonly used means of identification in the United States -- not just for travel, but also for entering most public building and numerous private ones. As a result, the “no fly” and “selectee” watch lists (used by the TSA to identify passengers who pose threats to airline safety), as well as other security-related databases, are at least partially blinded.
How Can Comorbidity with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Aid Understanding of Language and Speech Disorders?.

This paper serves to provide a background for the topic of comorbidity than extends through this issue. Comorbidity is common within developmental disorders. It is shown that there are many possible reasons for comorbidity. Some of these can be viewed as artifacts as simple as chance occurrence or because of the way that the research participants were sampled. If these artifacts are eliminated, then comorbidity can be informative with respect to possible causes of the disorders that are comorbid. Several possible etiologic models are presented along with a general framework for considering levels of causality in developmental disorders.
New species and records of Scissurellidae and Anatomidae from the Americas (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Vetigastropoda)

New Scissurellidae and Anatomidae from the geographic and political Americas are described, with many long-standing misidentifications being corrected, and some comparisons to described species complementing the contribution. Sinezona kayae n. sp., previously mis-identified as the South African Sin. insignis, and Sin. hawaiiensis n. sp. without a selenizone, are described from Hawaii. Sinezona carolarum n. sp. is added to the Panamic province with a more depressed shell than the more common Sin. rimuloides (Carpenter, 1865), and a proportionally shorter selenizone. Coronadoa demisispira n. sp. from the Panamic and northeastern Pacific provinces is the third species in the genus, living sympatrically in the southern range of C. simonsae Bartsch, 1946. The new species is characterized by a shell with lower profile and a wider umbilicus. Anatoma alternatisculpta n. sp. from the Caribbean is most similar to A. proxima (Dall, 1927), but has conspicuously different sculpture on shoulder and base. Anatoma plicatazona n. sp. from the Caribbean has markedly upturned keels of the selenizone. Anatoma disciformis (Golikov & Sirenko, 1980) is reported from Alaska and illustrated for the first time by SEM. Thieleella kelseyi (Dall, 1905) is resurrected for what has previously been misidentified as the European Anatoma crispata (Fleming, 1828) in the northeastern Pacific, with a neotype designated, as the holotype is missing. Thieleella peruviana n. sp. from Peru is similar to T. kelseyi but has a taller shell and differs in the morphology of lateral tooth 5 of the radula. Thieleella bathypacifica n. sp. from the Panamic province is a deep-water species (2500 m), and known from a single specimen only. The species shows a marked angulation on teleoconch I at the spiral cord in the position of the selenizone; additionally it has a radula with marginal teeth showing a distinct posterior food groove. The bodies of two species (T. kelseyi, T. peruviana) were examined by SEM. An accessory cephalic tentacle between the anterior most epipodial tentacle and the eye stalk was encountered. The epipodial sense organ is recognized for the first time in Anatomidae, and the presence of bursicles on the gill is confirmed.
Objectively Measured Physical Activity in Patients After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.

Background:Returning to a healthy level of physical activity is among the most commonly discussed clinical goals for patients recovering from anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). However, physical activity has not been objectively measured in this population.Purpose:To investigate differences in the mean time (min/d) spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) as well as the daily step count (steps/d) between patients who underwent ACLR and matched controls. A second purpose was to investigate relationships between MVPA and objective assessments of the daily step count and Tegner and Marx activity scales.Study Design:Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.Methods:Physical activity was assessed using ActiGraph accelerometers in 33 participants with a history of primary unilateral or bilateral ACLR (mean time from surgery, 27.8 ± 17.5 months; range, 6-67 months) as well as in 33 healthy controls (matched on age, sex, and activity level). Participants wore the accelerometer for 7...
Hierarchical learning for large multi-class network classification

Multi-class learning from network data is an important but challenging problem with many applications, including malware detection in computer networks, user modeling in social networks, and protein function prediction in biological networks. Despite the extensive research on large multi-class learning, there are still numerous issues that have not been sufficiently addressed, such as efficiency of model testing, interpretability of the induced models, as well as the ability to handle imbalanced classes. To overcome these challenges, there has been increasing interest in recent years to develop hierarchical learning methods for large multi-class problems. Unfortunately, none of them were designed for classification of network data. In addition, there are very few studies devoted to classification of heterogeneous networks, where the nodes may have different feature sets. In this paper, we propose a hierarchical tree learning approach for large scale network classification task, our method can seamlessly integrate both the link structure and node attribute information into a unified learning framework. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that automatically constructs a taxonomy structure to predict large multi-class problems for network classification. Empirical results suggest that the approach can effectively capture the relationship between classes and generate class taxonomy structures that resemble those produced by human experts. The approach can also be easily parallelizable and has been implemented in a MapReduce framework.
PHSCN, a novel anticancer peptide, inhibits prostate tumor growth and metastasis by down-regulating the FAK/PI3K/AKT-mediated signaling pathway

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 45, 2004 3982 We have previously reported that PHSCN, a synthetic pentapeptide structurally related to the PHSRN sequence of fibronectin, blocks α5β1 integrin-mediated DU145 invasion in vitro and inhibits prostate cancer growth, metastasis, and recurrence in animal models of the disease. Based on these results, a PHSCN Phase I clinical trial is currently underway at Fox Chase Cancer Center in Philadelphia. However, the mechanism that underlies these inhibitory effects of PHSCN on prostate cancer is not well understood. In the current studies, we investigated the effect of PHSCN on the α5β1 integrin-mediated signaling pathway functioning in the regulation of cancer cell survival and invasion. We observed that at a concentration of 100 μg/20,000 cells, PHSCN significantly deceases DU145 proliferation and increases the presence of apoptotic markers, cytokeratin 18 epitope and phosphatidyl serine on the outer membrane leaflet, which suggested that PHSCN might induce prostate cancer cell apoptosis. Thus, we examined molecules that are recognized as the key regulators in the integrin-mediated cell invasion and survival pathway including FAK, PI3K and AKT. The effect of PHSCN on these molecules was evaluated in the presence of PHSRN. We have demonstrated that under serum free conditions, PHSRN induces DU145 cell invasion through the activation of integrin α5β1/PI3K signal pathway. At a concentration of 1 μg/20,000 cells, PHSRN induces phosphorylation of FAK (Y397) and the binding of PI3K to FAK, followed by an increased PI3K activity and AKT phosphorylation on both T308 and S473. These are rapid and transient effects: FAK phosphorylation occurs within 30 minutes and increased PI3K activity and Akt phosphorylation are evident within an hour remained for 4-6 hours. However, when added simultaneously at the equal molar concentration, PHSCN abolishes PHSRN-induced FAK and AKT phosphorylation, as well as PI3K activity. Inhibition of FAK/PI3K activity may contribute to the blocking effect of PHSCN on cancer cell invasion, as well as the induction apoptosis. Inhibition of AKT phosphorylation has been linked with increased apoptosis in many cell types via its effect on the phosphorylation and activation of several apoptotic factors. Consistent with the inhibition of AKT activity, activated Caspases 3 was detected in DU145 cells treated with PHSCN at 100 μg/20,000 cells, after 5 days of exposure. The effect of PHSCN on other apoptosis-related molecules is currently under investigation. These results suggest that the inhibitory effect of PHSCN on prostate cancer progression is mediated, at least partially, through the AKT-regulated Caspase pathway and provide the potential molecular targets for the development of combination therapies to further improve the efficacy of PHSCN in treating human prostate cancers.
Laparoscopic Subtotal Cholecystectomy

Laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy is a feasible alternative to conversion to open when safe identification of ductal anatomy/critical angle of safety is unable to be achieved. It is typically a decision made intraoperatively while performing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. This chapter describes indications, essential steps, variations, and complications of this procedure. It provides a detailed template operative note for the procedure.
Classroom Instruments and Carpool Karaoke: Ritual and Collaboration in Late Night’s YouTube Era:

This article uses two recurring late-night talk show segments, “Classroom Instruments” (NBC’s The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon) and “Carpool Karaoke” (CBS’s The Late Late Show with James Cord...
Factored boolean functional synthesis

Boolean functional synthesis allows the automated construction of Boolean functions from declarative specifications. BDD-based techniques for this problem can be very efficient when the specification can be compactly represented by a BDD, but this is not always possible. In model checking, a way around this problem has been found by using factored representations, where formulas are represented as a conjunction of subformulas, each encoded individually as a BDD. We show how techniques and heuristics for quantifier elimination on factored formulas can also be lifted to perform synthesis, and show that this approach allows the synthesis of many problem instances that are intractable when represented by a single BDD. We compare our approach to other tools for Boolean synthesis that are not BDD-based. Our empirical evaluation shows that, while no approach dominates across the board, our tool outperforms other tools on several problem instances.
TWO STAY TWO STRAY COOPERATIVE LEARNING MODEL IN MATHEMATICS LEARNING OUTCOMES

The population in this study was seventh grade students consisting of 7 calsses. The sampling technique use random sampling technique that was by lottery class. From raffle earned that grade VII G class as TS-TS class and VII F Class as ekspository class. Mathematics learning outcomes data obtained using the test method in the form of objective questions. Analysis of the data used one tailed t-test and two tailed t-test. From the test results obtained by the two tailed t-test = 1,9180 and = 1,5409, it means > with a significance level of 5% and 54 degrees of freedom, which means was rejected. This suggest that there were differences in mathematics achievement between students who use cooperative model of TS-TS and ekspository learning model. One tailed t-test result obtained that = 1,9180 and = 1,5409, it means > with a significance level of 5% and 54 degrees of freedom, which means was rejected. This suggest that the learning outcomes of students who use the cooperative model of TS-TS was better than learning outcomes of students who use the ekspository learning model in even semester of seventh grade student in SMP Muhammadiyah 7 Yogyakarta academic year of 2016/2017
Knowledge-Aided Bayesian Space-Time Adaptive Processing

Ground moving target indicator (GMTI) radar processing attempts to distinguish between radar returns emanating from moving targets and stationary ground clutter. The task is confounded by the relative motion between the radar platform and the scene, as well as by the strength of clutter returns. Techniques such as space-time adaptive processing require an unknown interference covariance describing clutter, jammers, and thermal noise. The covariance is estimated from training data not under test, but, heterogeneous, contaminated, or limited training data degrade the covariance estimate and reduce the detection performance. State-of-the-art techniques for interference covariance estimation reduce the required amount of training data by imposing assumed structure on the covariance matrix. Here, a Bayesian signal model is adopted for jointly estimating targets and clutter in a single cell under test, allowing GMTI processing without training data. The approach incorporates the knowledge of an approximate digital elevation map, platform kinematics (velocity, crab angle, and antenna spacings), and the belief that moving targets are sparse in the scene. Low-complexity computation with the Bayesian model is enabled by recent algorithm developments for fast inference on linear mixing models. Results from the KASSPER I dataset show improved detection performance compared to existing techniques using scores or even hundreds of training bins.
Femtosecond ionization source for ultrahigh resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry

High resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometers (TOFMSs) have broad potential application in space exploration. We propose a novel femtosecond electron ionization (EI) source which, when coupled to a compact TOFMS, could improve mass resolution of miniature instruments by orders of magnitude, enabling effective isobar identification in volatile and planetary atmospheres. The ionization source is an ultrashort pulsed electron gun triggered by a femtosecond UV laser. In addition, the ultrafast laser technology may also be used for other analytical capabilities like laser desorption/ionization on solid samples, therefore future developments may offer a novel compact instrument package for both atmosphere and surface analysis. Here, we show a series of advances toward this goal, including efficient (5%) generation of 105 fs UV pulses, production of electron bunches of up to 32 fC pC via UV photoemission, and calculations for an ultrafast EI source.
Immunopathogenesis of Chronic Hepatitis B and the Clinical Events That Shape its Natural History

It is estimated that more than two billion people worldwide have been exposed to hepatitis B virus (HBV) and as many as 350 million people have chronic infection [1, 2]. HBV is a major cause of chronic liver disease, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Chronic HBV infection is currently the most common risk factor for HCC worldwide, accounting for more than half of cases and resulting in significant morbidity and mortality [3, 4]. The natural history of HBV infection involves a complex interplay between viral factors and immunologic determinants of spontaneous resolution, chronic infection, and progression of chronic liver disease within the host. In this chapter, we will primarily review the current knowledge about the immunological interface between host response and HBV in addition to the many clinical correlates supporting the assertion that these are critical to viral persistence, disease progression, and response to antiviral therapy.
Self-regulation: A Critical Learner Characteristic for Seamless Learning

This chapter illustrates an inherent link between mobile seamless learning (MSL), an innovative model of learning, and self-regulated learning (SRL), an active area in contemporary educational psychology. This link is rooted at defining characteristics of MSL: learner-centric, and demanding on seamless swift across learning contexts/scenarios. These characteristics expect that learners as agents of their own learning are motivated to and to be able to learn anywhere and anytime. Based on this link, an analytic SRL model of mobile learning was proposed as a conceptual framework for understanding mobile learning, in which the notion of self-regulation as agency is at the core along with the recognition of mobile devices as social, cognitive, and metacognitive tools, and importance of teachers’ and parental autonomy supports. This model elicits that the advanced mobile technologies and devices just provide the technological and physical infrastructure of and the possibility for mobile seamless learning, and learners’ SRL knowledge and skills is essential for learners to realize this possibility by engaging themselves in MSL behaviorally, motivationally, and metacognitively.
A bayesian model for collaborative filtering.

Consider the general setup where a set of items have been partially rated by a set of judges, in the sense that not every item has been rated by every judge. For this setup, we propose a Bayesian approach for the problem of predicting the missing ratings from the observed ratings. This approach incorporates similarity by assuming the set of judges can be partitioned into groups which share the same ratings probability distribution. This leads to a predictive distribution of missing ratings based on the posterior distribution of the groupings and associated ratings probabilities. Markov chain Monte Carlo methods and a hybrid search algorithm are then used to obtain predictions of the missing ratings.
Columnar organization of mid-spectral and end-spectral hue preferences in human visual cortex.

Abstract Multiple color-selective areas have been described in visual cortex, in both humans and non-human primates. In macaques, hue-selective columns have been reported in several areas. In V2, it has been proposed that such hue-selective columns are mapped so as to mirror the order of wavelength through the visible spectrum, within thin-type stripes. Other studies have suggested a neural segregation of mid-spectral vs. end-spectral hue preferences (e.g. red and blue vs. green and yellow), within thin- and thick-type stripes, respectively. This latter segregation could reduce the spatial ‘blur’ due to chromatic aberration in the encoding of fine spatial details in the thick-type stripes. To distinguish between these and related models, we tested the organization of hue preferences in human visual cortex using fMRI at high spatial resolution. We used a high field (7T) scanner in humans (n = 7), measuring responses to four independent hues, including end-spectral (i.e. red-gray and blue-gray) and mid-spectral (i.e. green-gray and yellow-gray) isoluminant gratings, and also relative to achromatic luminance-varying (control) stimuli. In each subject, thin- and thick-type columns in V2 and V3 were localized using an independent set of stimuli and scans. We found distinct hue-selective differences along the dimension of mid-vs. end-spectral hues, in striate and early extrastriate visual cortex. First, as reported previously in macaques, V1 responded more strongly to end-spectral hues, compared to mid-spectral hues. Second, the color-selective thin-type stripes in V2 and V3 showed a greater response to end- and mid-spectral hues, relative to luminance-varying gratings. Third, thick-type stripes in V2/V3 showed a significantly stronger response to mid-spectral (compared to end-spectral) hues. Fourth, in the higher-tier color-selective area in occipital temporal cortex (n = 4), responses to all four hues were statistically equivalent to each other. These results suggest that early visual cortex segregates the processing of mid-vs. end-spectral hues, perhaps to counter the challenging optical constraint of chromatic aberration.
Kidney-resident macrophages promote a proangiogenic environment in the normal and chronically ischemic mouse kidney

Renal artery stenosis (RAS) caused by narrowing of arteries is characterized by microvascular damage. Macrophages are implicated in repair and injury, but the specific populations responsible for these divergent roles have not been identified. Here, we characterized murine kidney F4/80+CD64+ macrophages in three transcriptionally unique populations. Using fate-mapping and parabiosis studies, we demonstrate that CD11b/cint are long-lived kidney-resident (KRM) while CD11chiMϕ, CD11cloMϕ are monocyte-derived macrophages. In a murine model of RAS, KRM self-renewed, while CD11chiMϕ and CD11cloMϕ increased significantly, which was associated with loss of peritubular capillaries. Replacing the native KRM with monocyte-derived KRM using liposomal clodronate and bone marrow transplantation followed by RAS, amplified loss of peritubular capillaries. To further elucidate the nature of interactions between KRM and peritubular endothelial cells, we performed RNA-sequencing on flow-sorted macrophages from Sham and RAS kidneys. KRM showed a prominent activation pattern in RAS with significant enrichment in reparative pathways, like angiogenesis and wound healing. In culture, KRM increased proliferation of renal peritubular endothelial cells implying direct pro-angiogenic properties. Human homologs of KRM identified as CD11bintCD11cintCD68+ increased in post-stenotic kidney biopsies from RAS patients compared to healthy human kidneys, and inversely correlated to kidney function. Thus, KRM may play protective roles in stenotic kidney injury through expansion and upregulation of pro-angiogenic pathways.
Associations of adverse childhood experiences and suicidal behaviors in adulthood in a U.S. nationally representative sample.

Background Suicide is a leading cause of death among adolescents and young adults. The current study extends the research linking adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) to suicidal behaviors by testing these associations using a nationally representative sample, assessing for suicide ideation and attempts in adulthood, controlling for established risk factors for suicidality, and measuring a broad array of ACEs. Methods The sample included 9,421 participants from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health who participated in four waves of assessments spanning 13 years. We examined longitudinal associations between eight different ACEs (physical, sexual, and emotional abuse, neglect, parental death, incarceration, alcoholism, and family suicidality) with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in adulthood, while controlling for depression, problem alcohol use, drug use, delinquency, impulsivity, gender, race, age, and urbanicity. We also tested for cumulative associations of ACEs with suicide ideation and attempts. Results Logistic regression analyses indicated that physical, sexual, and emotional abuse, parental incarceration, and family history of suicidality each increased the risk by 1.4 to 2.7 times for suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in adulthood. The accumulation of ACEs increased the odds of suicide ideation and attempts. Compared with those with no ACEs, the odds of seriously considering suicide or attempting suicide in adulthood increased more than threefold among those with three or more ACEs. Conclusions Intervention strategies need to prevent ACEs from occurring and, if they do occur, should take into account the impact of cumulative ACEs on suicide risk. Future research should focus on identifying mediating mechanisms for the ACEs-suicidality association using longitudinal research designs and determine which ACEs are most important to include in a cumulative ACE measure.
Caribbean stones and the creation of early-modern worlds

This article considers the role that objects which anthropologists and historians have labeled ritual stones perform in the theorization of early modern worlds’ materiality. These stones function p...
M-Current Expands the Range of Gamma Frequency Inputs to Which a Neuronal Target Entrains

Theta (4–8 Hz) and gamma (30–80 Hz) rhythms in the brain are commonly associated with memory and learning (Kahana in J Neurosci 26:1669–1672, 2006; Quilichini et al. in J Neurosci 30:11128–11142, 2010). The precision of co-firing between neurons and incoming inputs is critical in these cognitive functions. We consider an inhibitory neuron model with M-current under forcing from gamma pulses and a sinusoidal current of theta frequency. The M-current has a long time constant (∼90 ms) and it has been shown to generate resonance at theta frequencies (Hutcheon and Yarom in Trends Neurosci 23:216–222, 2000; Hu et al. in J Physiol 545:783–805, 2002). We have found that this slow M-current contributes to the precise co-firing between the network and fast gamma pulses in the presence of a slow sinusoidal forcing. The M-current expands the phase-locking frequency range of the network, counteracts the slow theta forcing, and admits bistability in some parameter range. The effects of the M-current balancing the theta forcing are reduced if the sinusoidal current is faster than the theta frequency band. We characterize the dynamical mechanisms underlying the role of the M-current in enabling a network to be entrained to gamma frequency inputs using averaging methods, geometric singular perturbation theory, and bifurcation analysis.
Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy

Percutaneous gastrostomy tubes are indicated for long-term feeding access or, less commonly, for gastric decompression. Other enteral access procedures are often available, so it is important to consider patient selection. Informed consent should be obtained as there are several well-described risks. During the procedure, percutaneous access to the stomach is obtained in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen, and esophagogastroscopy is used to visualize the stomach and retrieve the guidewire. The guidewire is then attached to the feeding tube and the guidewire and tube are pulled through the mouth and out of the access site.
Changes in school-day step counts during a physical activity for Lent intervention: a cluster randomized crossover trial of the Savior's Sandals.

Participation in regular physical activity (PA) has many health benefits for school-aged children. However, only about 20% of children worldwide meet recommendations for being sufficiently active. Children spend many hours per day at school and schools have a mandate for promoting PA. Private religious schools could serve as a novel source for religious-themed PA interventions. We randomly allocated 2 clusters of 2 Catholic middle (grades 6–8) schools/cluster to a 2-week no treatment/4-week intervention crossover trial to determine the effects of a 20-day Lenten-themed PA intervention on 187 students’ pedometer steps taken at school. Specifically, students independently progressed through a workbook (Savior’s Sandals) that depicted and informed about 11 locations in the Holy Land where Jesus lived, visited, and/or ministered, and included Scripturally-based questions about each place for students to answer. In all, students would accumulate 110,000 steps if they completed the workbook virtual journey. General linear mixed models with restricted maximum likelihood estimation to compensate for missing data were used to compute the intervention effects on mean daily steps. There were significant main effects for the intervention overall and by school and grade level. Follow-up tests isolated that a single school (Meandiff = + 2156 steps/day) and grade 6 students (Meandiff = + 1678 steps/day) across all four schools experienced the greatest treatment effects. Religious-themed PA interventions can be effective; however, specific adjustments may be needed to optimize the intervention’s effectiveness for a broader population of students. Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN10273669 . Retrospectively registered 23 Oct 2018.
Neuropsychological Function Response to Nocturnal Blue Light Blockage in Individuals With Symptoms of Insomnia: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Study.

Objectives: Insomnia is associated with neuropsychological dysfunction. Evidence points to the role of nocturnal light exposure in disrupted sleep patterns, particularly blue light emitted through smartphones and computers used before bedtime. This study aimed to test whether blocking nocturnal blue light improves neuropsychological function in individuals with insomnia symptoms. Methods: This study used a randomized, placebo-controlled crossover design. Participants were randomly assigned to a 1-week intervention with amber lenses worn in wrap-around frames (to block blue light) or a 1-week intervention with clear lenses (control) and switched conditions after a 4-week washout period. Neuropsychological function was evaluated with tests from the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery at three time points: (1) baseline (BL), (2) following the amber lenses intervention, and (3) following the clear lenses intervention. Within-subjects general linear models contrasted neuropsychological test performance following the amber lenses and clear lenses conditions with BL performance. Results: Fourteen participants (mean(standard deviation, SD): age = 46.5(11.4)) with symptoms of insomnia completed the protocol. Compared with BL, individuals performed better on the List Sorting Working Memory task after the amber lenses intervention, but similarly after the clear lenses intervention (F = 5.16; p = .014; η2 = 0.301). A similar pattern emerged on the Pattern Comparison Processing Speed test (F = 7.65; p = 0.002; η2 = 0.370). Consideration of intellectual ability indicated that treatment with amber lenses “normalized” performance on each test from approximately 1 SD below expected performance to expected performance. Conclusions: Using a randomized, placebo-controlled crossover design, we demonstrated improvement in processing speed and working memory with a nocturnal blue light blocking intervention among individuals with insomnia symptoms. (JINS, 2019, 25, 668–677)
Dimensions of Inequality: Black Immigrants’ Occupational Segregation in the United States:

The U.S. labor market is increasingly made up of immigrant workers, and considerable research has focused on occupational segregation as an indicator of their labor market incorporation. However, m...
Understanding communication dynamics on Twitter during natural disasters: A case study of Hurricane Sandy

Abstract This study investigates Twitter usage during Hurricane Sandy following the survey of the general population and exploring communication dynamics on Twitter through different modalities. The results suggest that Twitter is a highly valuable source of disaster-related information particularly during the power outage. With a substantial increase in the number of tweets and unique users during the Hurricane Sandy, a large number of posts contained firsthand information about the hurricane showing the intensity of the event in real-time. More specifically, a number of images of damage and flooding were shared on Twitter through which researchers and emergency managers can retrieve valuable information to help identify storm damages and plan relief efforts. The social media analysis revealed the most important information that can be derived from twitter during disasters so that authorities can successfully utilize such data. The findings provide insights into the choice of keywords and sentiments and identifying the influential actors at different stages of disasters. A number of key influencers and their followers from different domains including political, news, weather, and relief organizations participated in Twitter-based discussions related to Hurricane Sandy. The connectivity of the influencers and their followers on Twitter plays a vital role in information sharing and dissemination throughout the hurricane. These connections can provide an effective vehicle for emergency managers towards establishing better bi-directional communication during disasters. However, while government agencies were among the prominent Twitter users during the Hurricane Sandy, they primarily relied on one-way communication rather than engaging with their audiences, a challenge that need to be addressed in future research.
High-gain leaky surface acoustic wave amplifier in epitaxial InGaAs on lithium niobate heterostructure

Active surface acoustic wave components have the potential to transform RF front ends by consolidating functionalities that currently occur across multiple chip technologies, leading to reduced insertion loss from converting back and forth between acoustic and electronic domains in addition to improved size and power efficiency. This letter demonstrates a significant advance in these active devices with a compact, high-gain, and low-power leaky surface acoustic wave amplifier based on the acoustoelectric effect. Devices use an acoustically thin semi-insulating InGaAs surface film on a YX lithium niobate substrate to achieve exceptionally high acoustoelectric interaction strength via an epitaxial In0.53Ga0.47As(P)/InP quaternary layer structure and wafer-scale bonding. We demonstrate 1.9 dB of gain per acoustic wavelength and power consumption of 90 mW for 30 dB of electronic gain. Despite the strong intrinsic leaky propagation loss, 5 dB of terminal gain is obtained for a semiconductor that is only 338 μm long due to state-of-the-art heterogenous integration and an improved material platform.
Measurement Invariance Across Age Groups and Over 20 Years’ Time of the Negative and Positive Affect Scale (NAPAS)

Abstract. The factor structure and measurement invariance across gender of Mroczek’s and Kolarz’s scales of positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) have been examined in past studies; however...
A Wearable Passive pH Sensor for Health Monitoring

In this paper, a miniaturized battery less passive transponder is designed and demonstrated for wireless pH monitoring. The proposed transponder is integrated into a wearable device for wireless real-time monitoring of salivary pH in patients. The transponder consists of two parts, the RF front end with a digital modulation circuitry and sensing electrodes for electrochemical detection. The potential difference between two custom fabricated electrodes is monitored for change in a range of pH from 4 to 9. The digital circuitry converts the sensor data into a bit sequence and provides the digital sensing data over the reflected backscattered signal. The fabricated pH electrode pair demonstrated a sensitivity of 49.5 mV/pH over the range from 4 to 9. The demonstrated sensor is not just limited to health monitoring but also can be used in monitoring pH in soil, food, chemicals, etc.