cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nutrition Knowledge, Opinions, and Practices of Coaches and Athletic Trainers at a Division I University

The purpose of this investigation was to assess nutrition knowledge, opinions, and practices of coaches and trainers at a Division I university. Participants (n = 53) completed questionnaires regarding nutrition knowledge, opinions, and practices. Descriptive statistics and analysis of variance were used to analyze data. Overall, participants responded correctly to 67% of nutrition knowledge questions. Participants who coached/trained female athletes tended to score better than respondents who coached/trained male athletes. Strength and conditioning coaches and participants with greater than 15 years of experience scored higher than other participants. Nutrition opinions/practices responses revealed that nutritional supplements were provided for all but 6% of participants’ athletes. Participants rated body weight as more important than body composition to athletes’ performances. Over 30% of participants perceived at least one case of disordered eating within the past year. Some participants (53%) felt tha...
Anthocyanin pigments: Bioactivity and coloring properties

ABSTRACT: Anthocyanin pigments are responsible for the attractive red to purple to blue colors of many fruits, vegetables, flowers, and cereal grains. In plants they serve as attractants for pollination and seed dispersal, give protection against the harmful effects of UV irradiation, and provide antiviral and antimicrobial activities. Anthocyanin-based colorants are commercially manufactured for food use from horticultural crops and from processing wastes. There is a large body of knowledge on anthocyanin chemistry in the literature that includes established, systematic methods for identifying anthocyanins and measuring their concentration and color properties. Structural variation (B-ring substitution, glycosidic substitution, and acylation) produces a multiplicity (over 400) of anthocyanins. Color intensity and hue, as well as stability, are markedly affected by pH, which can be a major limitation for many food applications. Increased glycosidic substitution and acylation with cinnamic acids will improve pigment stability. However, the matrix in which the pigments exist can have a much greater impact on pigment degradation. Anthocyanin pigments are very effective scavengers of free radicals. Currently, there is much research activity on their possible health benefits. While anthocyanin-based colorants are universally approved for food use, there are considerable regulatory differences among countries.
Effects of overprocessing on the nutritional quality of sunflower meal

Abstract A 2-wk chick study was conducted to evaluate the effect of overprocessing on the in vivo nutritional quality and in vitro protein solubility in .2% KOH of solvent-extracted sunflower meal (SFM) containing 36% protein. The SFM was autoclaved at 121 C and 105 kPa for 0, 30, 60, or 90 min in Experiment 1 and for 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, or 60 min in Experiment 2. Corn-SFM diets containing 22% protein were fed to chicks from 8 to 17 d of age. Chick performance decreased in both experiments as autoclaving time of the SFM increased. Linear regression analysis of performance on autoclaving time yielded the equations Y = 126.7 − .32× (r2 = .94) for weight gain and Y = .615 − .001× (r2 = .80) for feed efficiency in Experiment 1. A precision-fed cockerel digestibility assay using cecectomized birds indicated that true digestibility of amino acids in SFM decreased as autoclaving time increased. The effect of autoclaving on digestibility was greatest for Lys, wherein Lys digestibility in SFM was 86, 54, 43, and 35% when SFM was autoclaved for 0, 30, 60, or 90 min, respectively. Protein solubility of SFM in .2% KOH decreased from 64 to 51% as SFM was autoclaved from 0 to 60 min. The results indicated that protein solubility values of 60% or lower are indicative of overprocessing of SFM.
New approaches to the molecular biology, classification, and therapy of nervous system tumors: a workshop of the National Institutes of Health Pathology B study section.

Tumors of the nervous system are a diverse group of neoplasms, spanning a wide array of histological types and affecting all age groups. Most research has focused on gliomas and medulloblastomas, the most common malignant lesions of adults and children, respectively. Many of these tumors have been extensively studied at the genetic level, and considerable effort has been directed at associating different subtypes and grades with particular genetic alterations. Knowledge of these genetic changes have led to improvements in clinical classification of these lesions as well as better understanding of the molecular events underlying tumor formation and progression. Most are highly invasive tumors which prevent their surgical cure. There has, therefore, also been considerable interest in understanding the mechanisms of tumor invasion, and in determining the expression of cell surface receptors, glycolipids, and other molecules that could mediate invasion. Against this backdrop of progress in nervous system tumors, the Pathology B Workshop entitled “New Approaches to the Molecular Biology, Classification and Therapy of Nervous System Tumors” was held on January 29, 2001 in Tucson, AZ. The five presentations reviewed the pathological, genetic, and molecular diagnostic features of malignant gliomas, the role of signaling pathways in glioma growth and therapy, studies of glioma invasion, the biochemistry and biology of cell surface molecules in glioma growth and differentiation, and a prospective peptide vaccine for malignant gliomas.
Ecology-inspired cyber risk model for propagation of vulnerability exploitation in tactical edge

A multitude of cyber vulnerabilities on the tactical edge arise from the mix of network infrastructure, physical hardware and software, and individual user-behavior. Because of the inherent complexity of socio-technical systems, most models of tactical cyber assurance omit the non-physical influence propagation between mobile systems and users. This omission leads to a question: how can the flow of influence across a network act as a proxy for assessing the propagation of risk? Our contribution toward solving this problem is to introduce a dynamic, adaptive ecosystem-inspired model of vulnerability exploitation and risk flow over a tactical network. This model is based on ecological characteristics of the tactical edge, where the heterogeneous characteristics and behaviors of human-machine systems enhance or degrade mission risk in the tactical environment. Our approach provides an in-depth analysis of vulnerability exploitation propagation and risk flow using a multi-agent epidemic model which incorporates user-behavior and mobility as components of the system. This user-behavior component is expressed as a time-varying parameter driving a multi-agent system. We validate this model by conducting a synthetic battlefield simulation, where performance results depend mainly on the level of functionality of the assets and services. The composite risk score is shown to be proportional to infection rates from the Standard Epidemic Model.
Tracking Aristotle’s Noûs

By common account De Anima’s treatment of nous is pulled in opposite directions by Aristotle’s finitistic and his transcendentalistic tendencies. His finitistic side wants an account of nous to be an account of strictly individual noetic activity without mention of factors or entities extrinsic to embodied persons. Despite stirring about the possibility that nous is independent from body, the finitistic side dominates the work. Indeed, with appropriate weighting the independence of nous can, for the most part, be assimilated to the dominate strain. In Γ.5, however, Aristotle’s transcendentalistic side allegedly surfaces in the figure of productive mind [νoυς πoιητικός], Here commentators have taken up, roughly, three lines of interpretation. For some, Γ.5 remains exclusively interested in the individual mind and simply, in fact of course not so simply, countenances the immortality of one of its parts.1 For others, curiously undaunted by Aristotle’s silence on the point, productive mind, while not properly a part of the individual mind, is required to complete the account of individual noetic activity.2 And some, finally, retreat to the position that in Γ.5, Aristotle gestures toward the transcendent intelligences of Metaphysics Λ without intending any connection whatever with individual noetic activity.3
Evaluating quantitative 3-D image analysis as a design tool for low enriched uranium fuel compacts for the transient reactor test facility: A preliminary study

In this study, 3-D image analysis when combined with a non-destructive examination technique such as X-ray computed tomography (CT) provides a highly quantitative tool for the investigation of a material’s structure. In this investigation 3-D image analysis and X-ray CT were combined to analyze the microstructure of a preliminary subsized fuel compact for the Transient Reactor Test Facility’s low enriched uranium conversion program to assess the feasibility of the combined techniques for use in the optimization of the fuel compact fabrication process. The quantitative image analysis focused on determining the size and spatial distribution of the surrogate fuel particles and the size, shape, and orientation of voids within the compact. Additionally, the maximum effect of microstructural features on heat transfer through the carbonaceous matrix of the preliminary compact was estimated. The surrogate fuel particles occupied 0.8% of the compact by volume with a log-normal distribution of particle sizes with a mean diameter of 39 μm and a standard deviation of 16 μm. Roughly 39% of the particles had a diameter greater than the specified maximum particle size of 44 μm suggesting that the particles agglomerate during fabrication. The local volume fraction of particles also varies significantly within the compact althoughmore » uniformities appear to be evenly dispersed throughout the analysed volume. The voids produced during fabrication were on average plate-like in nature with their major axis oriented perpendicular to the compaction direction of the compact. Finally, the microstructure, mainly the large preferentially oriented voids, may cause a small degree of anisotropy in the thermal diffusivity within the compact. α∥/α⊥, the ratio of thermal diffusivities parallel to and perpendicular to the compaction direction are expected to be no less than 0.95 with an upper bound of 1.« less
Pulmonary and Systemic Defenses against Challenge with Staphylococcus aureus in Mice with Pneumonia Due to Influenza A Virus

Pulmonary and systemic defenses against hematogenous challenge with 32P-labeled Staphylococcus aureus were measured 10 min, 8 hr, and 24 hr after intravenous injection of the bacteria in a mouse model of influenza virus pneumonia. Infection with influenza A virus did not alter bactericidal defenses in the liver and spleen, but pulmonary bactericidal activity measured 24 hr after infection was suppressed in virus-infected animals; 20% +/- 3% of the initially injected, viable bacteria were recovered from lungs of pneumonitic mice after 24 hr as compared with 9% +/- 1% from lungs of the uninfected mice. These data demonstrate that pulmonary infection with influenza virus does not alter antibacterial defenses of the liver and spleen but does suppress bactericidal activity in the lung.
Fungal Infections and New Biologic Therapies

The development of biologic therapies targeting proinflammatory mediators has led to significant advances in the treatment of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs). Blocking undesired inflammatory effects also has the potential to disrupt the body's immune response and increase the risk for infections, including fungal infections. This review summarizes the published data on the frequency and risk for fungal infections among patients treated with biologics, with a focus on the newer therapies approved for use with IMIDs in the last 10 years. The use of biologics is associated with a small but important risk of fungal infections. Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, histoplasmosis, and candidiasis are some of the most common fungal infections associated with biologics. Providers should be vigilant for fungal infection among patients taking biologics, be aware that biologic agents may alter the typical presentation of fungal infections, and take timely steps to diagnose and treat fungal infection to reduce resultant morbidity and mortality.
Introduction to Limits, or Why Can't We Just Trust the Table?

In a first-semester calculus class, or in any class where limits have just been in? troduced, students tend to think that they can reliably predict the correct limit for lim^-^a f(x) by selecting a few well-chosen values for x near a. Moreover, they are certain the professor is just being picky by insisting on developing theorems and algebraic methods for "proving" limits. I find that the following example produces spirited debate about the "correct" limiting value. Ultimately, it convinces the class that strange things can happen. First, I partition the class into nine groups and assign each group a different digit d from d = 1 to d = 9. Each group is then asked to predict the limit
Influence of Backbone Rigidity on Nanoscale Confinement Effects in Model Glass-Forming Polymers

Despite nearly 20 years of active research, the effects of nanoscale confinement on the properties of glass forming polymers remain poorly understood. In particular, the effects of varying polymer chemistry have received comparatively little attention, as many experimental and simulation studies have focused on model polymer systems. In this paper, we use molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the confinement effects of glass-forming polymers with varying backbone rigidity. We find that our model polymers with more rigid backbones experience reduced confinement effects compared to flexible polymers, which is in good qualitative agreement with recent experiments. Furthermore, we find that for a single material, the magnitude of the confinement effect can vary strongly depending on the property investigated to measure the confinement effects. For example, relaxation times studies using the intermediate scattering function can vary dramatically from the bond autocorrelation function. We attribute this...
Dynamically sized occupancy grids for obstacle avoidance

This paper presents a method for navigation of a small unmanned rotor craft through an unsurveyed environment using a single camera and an inertial measurement unit corrected by GPS. Current missions for small unmanned aerial vehicles involve low altitude ights in complex environments (e.g. urban canyons and forests) in close proximity to obstacles. Successful navigation with no a priori knowledge can be accomplished if obstacle locations can be estimated. The algorithm presented here uses measurements of pixel location and optical ow to compute estimates of obstacle location. These estimates are used to populate a local occupancy grid xed to the vehicle; however, the grid cells map the time to impact of an obstacle rather than physical distance. This time-based mapping allows high spatial resolution during slow ight (e.g. during approach and landing). The local occupancy grid facilitates the modeling of complex environments and is suitable for use by generic trajectory planners. Results of both two-dimensional and three-dimensional simulations are presented using a potential eld method for obstacle avoidance and navigation.
Research on Development of Charging Facilities for Electric Vehicles at Home and Abroad

Electric vehicle as a new kind of transportation vehicle has broad application prospects in our country.Charging facilities which provide energy for electric vehicles are important infrastructure in electric vehicle industry development.Some kinds of charging modes are compared in this paper,the development of charging facilities for electric vehicles at home and abroad is introduced.Some primary research were made on business model and its prospect of charging for electric vehicles.Finally,proposes that constructing charging facilities is the responsibility of power enterprises.
Analysis on the experimental result of influenza A/H1N1 (2009) virus in Dongguan city in 2010

Objective:To understand the epidemic situation of influenza A/H1N1(2009) virus and the immune effect of the vaccine in Dongguan city,and provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of influenza A/H1N1(2009)virus.Methods: The throat swabs of doubtful were sampled to detect the nucleic acid by RT-PCR.Paired serum was collected before and after inoculating vaccine and the antibody titer of neotype A H1N1 was detected by hemagglutination inhibition test.Results: Total 1811 specimens were detected,103 specimens were positive,positive rate was 5.39%,there was significant difference between the positive rate of male and female(χ2=4.351,P=0.037).There were 32 and 26 cases respectively in the 15～24 and 25～40 age groups which had the most cases among all age groups.The peak time of incidence was January,the number of positive cases was 58,accounting for 56.31% of the total positive cases in 2010.The GMT increased 14.09 times after vaccine inoculation,immune achievement ratio was 76.32%.Conclusion: The epidemic situation of influenza A/H1N1(2009) virus in Dongguan city in 2010 has changed against the epidemic situation in 2009,the influenza A/H1N1(2009) virus vaccine can cause most objects of inoculation to produce effective antibody.
Immersive Learning Experiences for Surgical Procedures

This paper introduces a computer-based system that is designed to record a surgical procedure with multiple depth cameras and reconstruct in three dimensions the dynamic geometry of the actions and events that occur during the procedure. The resulting 3D-plus-time data takes the form of dynamic, textured geometry and can be immersively examined at a later time; equipped with a Virtual Reality headset such as Oculus Rift DK2, a user can walk around the reconstruction of the procedure room while controlling playback of the recorded surgical procedure with simple VCR-like controls (play, pause, rewind, fast forward). The reconstruction can be annotated in space and time to provide more information of the scene to users. We expect such a system to be useful in applications such as training of medical students and nurses.
Transluminal Angioplasty for Treatment of Vasospasm

Angioplasty of symptomatic vasospasm can reverse neurologic deficits when performed soon after the onset of symptoms. Deficits including hemiparesis, aphasia, and depressed level of consciousness can resolve within 12 to 48 hours following angioplasty. Eleven of 15 patients had such a response in our series. All major intracranial vessels are amenable to treatment by this technique. Initial experience indicates the results are long lasting and the complication rate is low. This technique should prove to be a useful adjunct in the management of subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Online Budgeting and Marketing Control with the Proforma Analysis Package

The Online Proforma Analysis Package enables competing participant teams in the marketing simulation COMPETE to operationalize the Iceberg Principle, prepare marketing budgets, and allocate their limited marketing resources effectively and efficiently. Participants use the Proforma Analysis Package to generate a set of proforma statements, preview the projected results, modify the marketing budget if necessary, and finalize their marketing decisions. Later, they use the Proforma Analysis Package and Web-based simulation results to monitor and graph their actual v projected results, identify deviations, calculate performance indices, understand the underlying reasons for the deviations, and take corrective action, thereby exercising control over their marketing programs.
Area-Efficient Nonvolatile Flip-Flop Based on Spin Hall Effect

Systems that rely on energy harvested from ambient sources are gaining increased attention due to their possible usage in low-power applications. Owing to the unreliable nature of such ambient energy sources, these systems suffer from supply voltage degradation and power interruptions. Therefore, the computational scheme for such energy-harvesting systems is divided into small incremental steps along with nonvolatile memory elements that conserve the data between subsequent power interruptions. Toward that end, we propose a new nonvolatile flip-flop (NVFF) that exhibits better energy efficiency and denser area compared to previous designs. The NVFF utilizes a single spin Hall effect-based magnetic tunnel junction (SHE-MTJ) because of its favorable device characteristics, like high spin injection efficiency and decoupled read-write paths. We also propose a new restore mechanism, wherein a CMOS inverter is used as a gain element to attain reliable restore operation with single SHE-MTJ per NVFF. A detailed device-circuit simulation, including variational analysis, proves the reliability of the proposed NVFF.
Small sharp spikes as EEG markers of mesiotemporal lobe epilepsy

Abstract Objective Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) is the most common type of focal epilepsy, but often lacks scalp EEG correlates. We ask if hippocampal epileptiform discharges that are characteristic of mTLE are associated with small sharp spikes (SSS) recorded on scalp EEG. SSS are considered benign waveforms, so are not currently used as markers of epilepsy. Methods To determine if there is a relationship between SSS and hippocampal discharges, simultaneous scalp and hippocampal depth electrode EEGs were recorded from 27 patients being evaluated for possible mTLE. Scalp EEG waveforms were assessed at the time of hippocampal discharges identified on intracranial hippocampal depth electrodes. Results 15 of 27 patients had SSS on scalp EEG that were time locked to hippocampal epileptiform discharges measured intracranially. These hippocampal spikes tended to have overlying high frequency oscillations and to co-localize with a seizure onset zone, suggesting that they were pathological discharges. Conclusions There is a tight coupling between a subset of pathological hippocampal discharges and SSS. Significance SSS can be scalp EEG markers of mTLE rather than normal EEG variants.
Selection, Dispersal and Mode of Reproduction: Attributes Contributing to Local Adaptation by Apterothrips apteris to Erigeron glaucus

The thrips, Apterothrips apteris, has been shown to exhibit fine-scale local adaptation to individuals of its host plant, Erigeron glaucus. Several processes affect the degree to which adaptive genetic differentiation occurs. Selection by the host plant must be strong enough to override the homogenizing effects of gene flow between thrips populations. Here we provide estimates of the strength of selection by E. glaucus host plants on thrips colonists. In addition, we describe the rates of colonization of new hosts by thrips. We find that the strength of selection exerted by the host plant is strong enough to effect local differentiation of thrips populations, given the migration rate between populations and the subsequent reproductive success of colonists. Finally, we describe annual patterns of male production and the relative incidence of sexual and parthenogenetic reproduction by thrips in relation to colonization.
A Nonlinear Corner-Balance Spatial Discretization for Transport on Arbitrary Grids

A strictly positive spatial discretization method for the linear transport equation is presented. This method, which is algebraically nonlinear, enforces particle conservation on subcells and approximates the spatial variation of the source in each subcell as an exponential. The method is described in slab geometry and analyzed in several limits of practical significance; numerical results are presented. An x-y-geometry version of the method is then presented, assuming a spatial grid of arbitrary polygons; numerical results are presented. A rapidly convergent method for accelerating the iterations on the scattering source is also presented and tested. The analyses and results demonstrate that the method is startlingly accurate, especially on shielding-type problems, even given coarse and/or distorted spatial meshes.
Radiographic Evaluation of First Metatarsal and Medial Cuneiform Morphology in Juvenile Hallux Valgus.

Background:Operative treatment of juvenile hallux valgus (JHV) has a high recurrence rate. The aim of this study was to better understand the pattern of radiographic deformity.Methods:Standing radiographs of 93 feet in 57 patients with JHV, and 50 feet in 36 normal patients were measured. Measurements included: hallux valgus angle (HVA), first metatarsal physis status (open or closed), intermetatarsal angle (IMA), distal metatarsal articular angle (DMAA), Meary’s angle, medial cuneiform angle (MCA), relative first to second metatarsal length ratio (1:2 MT ratio), cuneiform obliquity (CO), and congruency of the metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ). JHV groups were defined as normal (HVA 0-15 degrees), mild-moderate (HVA 15-35), or severe (HVA > 35) and were analyzed.Results:Seventy of 93 feet (75%) with JHV presented with mild-moderate JHV (average HVA of 26.2 ± 5.6 degrees), and 23 feet (25%, 23/93) presented with severe JHV (average HVA of 41.9 ± 5.3 degrees). Multivariable analysis determined that DMAA (P <...
Mononeutrino at DUNE: New signals from neutrinophilic thermal dark matter

We introduce the mononeutrino signal at neutrino detectors as a smoking gun of sub-GeV scale dark matter candidates that mainly interact with standard model neutrinos. In a mononeutrino process, invisible particles, either dark matter themselves or the mediator particle, are radiated off a neutrino when it undergoes the charged-current weak interaction. The associated signals include a missing transverse momentum with respect to the incoming neutrino beam direction and the production of wrong-sign charged leptons. We demonstrate the potential leading role of the future DUNE experiment, using its proposed liquid and gas argon near detectors, in probing these new signals and the thermal origins of neutrinophilic dark matter.
Fusion Energy: Research at the Crossroads

Martin Greenwald has worked in the field of magnetic fusion energy for more than 40 years. He is the Deputy Director of MIT’s Plasma Science & Fusion Center and a cofounder of Commonwealth Fusion Systems, a recent startup. Dr. Greenwald’s research has focused on the turbulent transport of energy in magnetically confined plasmas. He led a research team that was the first to exceed the Lawson’s criteria for density-confinement product—a key fusion goal. He is also the past chairman of the federal advisory committee for fusion energy sciences.
The impact of dose algorithms on tumor control probability in intensity-modulated proton therapy for breast cancer.

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the radiobiological impact of PB algorithm versus MC algorithm in intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT) plans for breast cancer treatment. Methods 20 breast cancer patients who received IMPT to the breast/chest wall and regional lymphatics were included in this study. For each patient, 2 IMPT plans were generated: a PB-optimized plan and a MC-optimized plan. The radiobiological and dosimetric impact to the CTV of the dose algorithms was assessed. The Poisson Linear-Quadratic model was used to estimate the tumor control probability (TCP). The influence of the model parameter uncertainties on the TCP was tested against different sets of published model parameters. Results The PB-optimized plans significantly under-dosed the target as compared to the MC-optimized plans. The median (range) differences in CTV D95% and CTV Dmean were 1.9 (1.2–3.1) Gy and 1.2 (0.5–1.9) Gy, corresponding to 3.8% (2.4−6.2%) and 2.4% (1.0−3.8%) of the prescription dose. The TCP was lower in the PB-optimized plans than the MC-optimized plans. The median (range) of the TCP differences (ΔTCP) were 4% (2−6%), 3% (2−5%), and 2% (1−3%), respectively, when calculated using 3 different model parameter sets. The ΔTCP correlated with the CTV dose difference, and moderately correlated with the CTV volume. Conclusion Due to the inaccurate dose modeling, PB-optimized plans under-dose the target and therefore yield a lower TCP compared to MC-optimized plans in breast IMPT. The magnitude of the resulting difference in TCP reached 6% in our study.
Distraction Osteogenesis Maxillary Expansion (DOME) for adult obstructive sleep apnea patients with narrow maxilla and nasal floor

Abstract Objectives This study correlates objective and subjective measurements associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) to define the efficacy of Distraction Osteogenesis Maxillary Expansion (DOME) to treat adult OSA patients with narrow maxilla and nasal floor. Methods This is a retrospective study reviewing cases from September 2014 through April 2018 with 75 eligible subjects. Inclusion criteria required OSA confirmed by attended polysomnography (PSG). Pre- and Post-operative clinical data were measured at the Stanford Sleep Medicine and Stanford Sleep Surgery Clinics. DOME is a two-step process starting with insertion of custom-fabricated maxillary expanders anchored to the hard palate by mini-implants followed by minimally invasive osteotomies. After maxillary expansion was complete, orthodontic treatment to restore normal occlusion was initiated. Perioperative Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE), and Oxygen Desaturation Index (ODI) were measured for 43, 72, 72, and 34 subjects respectively. Statistical analysis was performed using paired T-test with significance set at p-value Results The mean age of test subjects was 30.5 ± 8.5 years with a gender distribution of 57 males and 18 females. There was a significant reduction in pre and post-operative NOSE score (10.94 ± 5.51 to 3.28 ± 2.89, p Conclusions DOME treatment reduced the severity of OSA, refractory nasal obstruction, daytime somnolence, and increased the percentage of REM sleep in this selected cohort of adults OSA patients with narrow maxilla and nasal floor.
Impact of an Electronic Medical Record Alert on Code Status Documentation for Hospitalized Patients With Advanced Cancer

PURPOSE:Cardiopulmonary resuscitation in hospitalized patients with advanced cancer is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Although advance care planning (ACP) in this population...
Semiconducting Eggs and Ladders: Understanding Exciton Landscape Formation in Aqueous π-Conjugated Inter-Polyelectrolyte Complexes

Conjugated polymers display remarkable optoelectronic properties that emerge from the strong coupling between delocalized π-electrons, leading to highly mobile excited states. This is a very useful...
Canonical Equation K 31 for Normalized Spectral Functions of the Sum of Random Gram Matrix and Nonrandom Matrix

We extend the results of Chapter 30 to the sum of a random Gram matrix HH T and nonrandom Hermitian matrix B (see “Theory of Stochastic Canonical Equations”, Volume I, Kluwer, 2001). If the entries of the matrix H have expectation zero, then the theory of such random matrices HH T + B is simpler as compared to the corresponding matrices with nonzero expectations considered in Chapter 30. The random matrices HH T + B have wide applications, especially in multivariate statistical analysis. Interesting physical applications have been found in [BFF], [FGZ], [FS], [GEP1], [GK], [GW]. The discussion is mostly focused on the accompanying canonical equation.
Identification and Characterization of Novel Bronchodilator Agonists Acting at Human Airway Smooth Muscle Cell TAS2R5.

Bitter taste receptors (TAS2Rs) are recognized as being expressed on multiple cell types and organs, including human airway smooth muscle (HASM) cells, where agonists promote significant relaxation to constrictive stimuli. Thus, the HASM TAS2Rs have been targeted as novel bronchodilators for the treatment of asthma and other obstructive lung diseases. The TAS2R5 subtype, a dominant receptor on HASM, has few known agonists, all with reported low potency and efficacy. We screened multiple compounds by measuring [Ca2+]i release in HASM (a consequence of receptor-G protein coupling) to establish structure-activity relationships and arrive at a potent agonist for TAS2R5. HASM physiological studies using magnetic twisting cytometry confirmed the relaxation effects of lead compounds. 1,10-Phenanthroline-5,6-dione had the greatest potency (EC50 ≈ 120 nM), amounting to a >1000-fold improvement over the other compounds, and displayed maximal efficacy. These studies revealed critical structural requirements for favorable potencies and efficacies for a potential first-in-class bronchodilator targeting TAS2R5 of the airway.
Access Denied: Barriers to Remedies Under the Violence Against Women Act for Limited English Proficient Battered Immigrant Women

Introduction 486 I. Background 490 A. The Violence Against Women Act 490 B. The Story of May, an LEP Battered Immigrant Woman.........492 1. Language barriers to accessing VAWA information.........493 2. Language barriers to completing a VAWA application ....495 C. USCIS’s Language Access Obligations Under Executive Order 13,166 496 1. Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 497 2. Executive Order 13,166 499 II. USCIS’s Administration of VAWA and Due Process Rights ........502 A. Background: Due Process Rights 503 1. Due process case law 504 2. Language access case law 505 B. LEP Battered Immigrant Women’s Entitlement to VAWA Remedies 506 C. USCIS’s Administration of VAWA Violates LEP Battered Immigrant Women’s Due Process Rights 509 1. Application of the Mathews three-prong test 509 2. Constitutionally adequate notice 512 III. Enforcing USCIS’s Obligations to LEP Battered Immigrant Women 513
DEIM reduced order model constructed by hybrid snapshot simulation

This paper presents a methodology that combines the hybrid snapshot simulation (Bai and Wang in Int J Comput Methods 18:2050029, 2020) and the discrete empirical interpolation method (DEIM) to reduce the computational cost of constructing a DEIM-based nonlinear reduced order model (ROM) while preserving its accuracy. In distinct contrast to its traditional counterpart, the time span of the hybrid snapshot simulation is divided into multiple intervals, and a majority of the intervals are simulated by local ROMs, while a fraction by the full order model (FOM). To tackle the challenge associated with limited FOM data for ROM-DEIM construction, a new approach is proposed to reconstruct and enrich the snapshot data of nonlinear model terms using solution data in ROM intervals. A formulation and procedure based on the cell-centered finite volume method (FVM) scheme are also developed to take into account two types of nonlinearities in ROM-DEIM: the componentwise and the transport-related, non-componentwise. A global ROM-DEIM is produced immediately at the end of the snapshot simulation and can be used to accelerate online simulation for different scenarios. The proposed methodology demonstrates excellent computational performance. Specifically, the computational time of the snapshot simulation is reduced by $$\sim$$ 50% without compromising ROM-DEIM accuracy (relative error less than 0.8% compared with FOM). The results prove feasibility of combining hybrid snapshot simulation and DEIM for robust and efficient ROM-DEIM development.
Grass-roots lobbying and the provision of information-processing resources in state legislatures

Citizens lobby state legislators about policy issues frequently. Political science research holds conflicting findings regarding the efficacy of grass-roots lobbying messages; some studies find tha...
Adjustments to Proactive Motor Inhibition without Effector-Specific Foreknowledge Are Reflected in a Bilateral Upregulation of Sensorimotor β-Burst Rates.

Classic work using the stop-signal task has shown that humans can use inhibitory control to cancel already initiated movements. Subsequent work revealed that inhibitory control can be proactively r...
A Novel Solid Phase Extraction Sample Preparation Method for Lipidomic Analysis of Human Plasma Using Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry

Lipidomic approaches are widely used to investigate the relationship between lipids, human health, and disease. Conventional sample preparation techniques for the extraction of lipids from biological matrices like human plasma are based on liquid-liquid extraction (LLE). However, these methods are labor-intensive, time-consuming, and can show poor reproducibility and selectivity on lipid extraction. A novel, solid-phase extraction (SPE) approach was demonstrated to extract lipids from human plasma using a lipid extraction SPE in both cartridge and 96-well-plate formats, followed by analysis using a combination of targeted and untargeted liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. The Lipid Extraction SPE method was compared to traditional LLE methods for lipid class recovery, lipidome coverage, and reproducibility. The novel SPE method used a simplified protocol with significant time and labor savings and provided equivalent or better qualitative and quantitative results than traditional LLE methods with respect to several critical performance metrics; recovery, reproducibility, and lipidome coverage.
Improving Current Collection of Tubular Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) are electrochemical devices with solid electrolyte materials that convert chemical energy in fuels into electrical energy. Tubular SOFC is one of the major SOFC configurations which has the advantages of good thermal conductivity, easy to seal and shorter start-up time. However, challenges remain in effectively collecting the current inside the tubular cells. Developing an efficient, easily applicable, and cost-effective collector is imperative. The properties of a desired current collector are to: reflect the fuel cell performance, be able to withstand the fuel cell's high working temperature environment, protect the fuel cell from damage, simplify the current collector application procedure, expand the contact surface between the tube and the current collector, and save cost. We have designed a current collector and identified the materials for inside tube current collection with desired characteristics such as high temperature tolerance, low electrical resistance, and low cost. The research focused on the effectiveness of the current collector and its durability at various fuel cell operation conditions. The design achieved a peak power density of 0.21 W/cm2 at 0.7V and 700oC for a conventional tubular SOFC with material set of Ni+8YSZ||YSZ||LSM. Comparing to the general metal (nickel, silver) current collectors, the material which is provided in the paper can reduce the cost from hundreds of dollars per yard to $0.13/yard. The paper will discuss the design and the cost-effective material selection of the current collector which provides a potential path for the commercialization of tubular SOFC technology.
Acute kidney injury following transcatheter edge-to-edge mitral valve repair: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND Aim of this study was to perform a systematic review a meta-analysis of the literature in order to identify predictors of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with mitral regurgitation (MR) undergoing transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (TEER) and assess its effect on in-hospital outcomes and mortality. Although iodinated contrast is not typically used in TEER, these patients are still at risk for developing AKI. METHODS Studies reporting on the effect of incident AKI on mortality following TEER for MR were included. Random-effects meta-analysis was performed, comparing clinical outcomes between the patients with or without incident AKI. RESULTS Six studies including a total of 2057 patients (377 AKI and 1680 No-AKI) were included and analyzed. AKI was significantly associated with 30-day mortality after TEER (Odds ratio (OR): 8.06; 95% CI: 3.20, 20.30, p < 0.01; I2 = 18.4%) and all-cause mortality over a mean follow-up time of 30 months (Hazard ratio (HR): 2.48; 95% CI: 1.89, 3.24, p < 0.01; I2 = 23.7%). AKI after TEER was associated with prolonged hospitalization (Mean difference (in days): 1.41; 95% CI: 0.52, 2.31, p < 0.01; I2 = 82.4%). Stage 4 chronic kidney disease (CKD), device failure and history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were significant predictors of AKI following TEER (CKD stage 4: OR: 2.38; 95% CI: 1.18, 4.78, p = 0.02; I2 = 0.0%; Device failure: OR: 3.15; 95% CI: 1.94, 5.12, p < 0.01; I2 = 0.0%; COPD: OR: 1.92; 95% CI: 1.16, 3.17; I2 = 26.7%). CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the renal vulnerability of the TEER population to renal injury and the associated deterioration in clinical outcomes and survival.
Communicative Approaches to Biosemiotic Literary Criticism

In this chapter, I discuss what Timo Maran (Green Lett Stud Ecocrit 18:297–311, 2014a) calls “Communicative Approaches to Biosemiotic Criticism.” Working mostly with John Daniel’s piece of creative non-fiction “Pack Rat,” I explore how, in Maran’s words, Daniel attempts to “widen the sphere of subjects that have culture or communicative ability.” In my analysis of animal communication as represented in Daniel’s essay, I apply concepts from Jakob von Uexkull, use some of the MST techniques of Sebeok and Danesi (The forms of meaning: modeling systems theory and semiotic analysis. Mouton de Gruyter, Berlin/New York, 2000), employ the approach of Timo Maran (Green Lett Stud Ecocrit 18:297–311, 2014a) for modeling the environment in literature, and draw on perspectives from Merleau-Ponty and Louise Westling, from Jesper Hoffmeyer’s writing about Maxine Sheets-Johnstone’s “sensoric-kinetic model” and Koichiro Matsono’s “internalism,” and from Peirce’s “spatialization-of-logic hypothesis” (Stjernfelt, Natural propositions: the actuality of Peirce’s doctrine of dicisigns. Docent Press, Boston, p 108, 2014) and Thomas Flynn’s “spatialization of reason” (Foucault’s mapping of history. In: Gutting G (ed) Cambridge companion to Foucault. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 40, 1994).
An Artificial Neural Network System for Photon-Based Active Interrogation Applications

Active interrogation (AI) is a promising technique to detect shielded special nuclear materials (SNMs). At the University of Michigan, we are developing a photon-based AI system that uses bremsstrahlung radiation from an electron linear accelerator (linac) as an ionizing source and trans-stilbene organic scintillating detectors for neutron detection. Stilbene scintillators are sensitive to fast neutrons and photons and have excellent pulse shape discrimination (PSD) capabilities. The traditional charge integration (CI) method commonly used for PSD analysis eliminates piled-up pulses and relies on a particle discrimination line to separate neutrons and photons. The presence of the intense photon flux during AI creates a significant number of piled-up events in the stilbene scintillator, thereby posing a great challenge to the traditional CI method. Identifying true single neutron pulses becomes challenging due to the presence of a pile-up cloud and overlapping neutron, photon and pile-up clouds in the PSD analysis. To mitigate the effect of pulse pile-up and identify true single neutron pulses from stilbene scintillators, an artificial neural network (ANN) system is developed. The developed ANN system identifies single neutron pulses and neutron-photon combinations from piled-up events. The results obtained from a 252Cf measurement in the presence of the intense photon flux show that the developed ANN system outperforms the traditional CI method. Since many piled-up events lie above the particle discrimination line, they get misclassified as neutrons by the traditional CI method resulting in 27% overestimation of the net neutron count rate during the linac pulse. The overall net neutron count rate (single and restored neutrons) during the linac pulse, estimated by the ANN system is 62.32% of the ground truth. Energy spectroscopy of the ANN attributed single neutron pulses further provides evidence on the detection of prompt fission neutrons from the 252Cf fission source.
The Transfer Operator of the Harmonic Sawtooth Map

The Frobenius-Perron transfer operator of the harmonic sawtooth map is investigated and some expressions for its eigenvalues are found.
Evaluation of trauma service orientation.

PURPOSE: Orientation of residents to clinical services may be criticized as cumbersome, dull, and simplytoo much information. With the mandated resident-hour restrictions, the question arose: Do residents perceive the orientation to our trauma service as worthwhile? METHODS: Residents attend a standardized orientation lecture on the first day of the rotation. Three weeks later, an eight-item, five-point Likert-scale survey is distributed to assess the residents' perceptions of the value of the orientation. Responses to each item were examined. RESULTS: Fifty-four (92%) of the residents completed the questionnaire between September 2005 and August 2006. Most indicated that orientation was helpful (85%), the Trauma Resuscitation DVD was informative (82%), the review of procedures was helpful (82%), and the instructor's knowledge was adequate (94%). Most (92%) disagreed with the statement that orientation should not be offered. CONCLUSION: Careful attention to orientation content and format is important to the perception that the orientation is worthwhile.
Coprime arrays and samplers for space-time adaptive processing

This paper extends the use of coprime arrays and samplers for the case of moving sources. Space-time adaptive processing (STAP) plays an important role in estimating direction-of-arrivals (DOAs) and radial velocities of emitting sources. However, the detection performance is fundamentally limited by the array geometry and the temporal samplers at each sensor. Coprime arrays and coprime samplers offer an enhanced degree of freedom of O(MN) using only O(M + N) physical sensors or samples. In this paper, we propose coprime joint angle-Doppler estimation (coprime JADE), which incorporates both coprime arrays and coprime samplers with the STAP framework. Nonuniform time samples at different sensors can be used to generate a sampled autocorrelation matrix, from which we compute a spatial smoothed matrix. It will be proved that spatial smoothed matrices can be used in the MUSIC algorithm for parameter estimation. With sufficient snapshots, coprime JADE distinguishes O(M 1 N 1 M 2 2 ) independent sources if it corresponds to coprime arrays and coprime samplers with coprime integers (M 1 ; 1 ) and (M 2 ;N 2 ), respectively. It is verified through simulations that coprime JADE resolves the angle-Doppler information better compared to other conventional algorithms.
Live Fast, Die Young: The Wild Ride of Making Rebel Without a Cause

Rebel Without a Cause is one of those rare films that has transcended its own immediate status as a film and become part of the cultural landscape. This is despite much evident awkwardness of execu...