cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Vitamin E-dependent anemia in the premature infant. I. Effects of large doses of medicinal iron.

Description of a hemolytic anemia associated with vitamin E deficiency in premature infants prompted study of the relationships of medicinal iron, vitamin E, and hematologic parameters during the early life of such infants. A total of 186 patients categorized according to birth weight and gestational age were placed in study groups: (1) no iron or vitamin E supplement, (2) oral vitamin E supplement, (3) oral iron supplement, and (4) iron and vitamin E supplements. Significantly lower mean hemoglobin and serum vitamin E concentrations, with higher reticulocyte count and hydrogen peroxide fragility, were found during the second month of life in infants with a gestational age less than 36 weeks who were not receiving vitamin E. Hemoglobin values were lowest and reticulocyte counts highest in vitamin E-deficient infants of low gestational age who received supplemental iron. These observations suggest that therapeutic doses of iron increase red cell hemolysis during a period of vitamin E deficiency.
Functional outcome of new blood vessel growth into ischemic skeletal muscle

Abstract Purpose: The administration of angiogenic growth factors and the transfer of well-vascularized tissues have been shown to induce development of new blood vessels in ischemic muscle. The functional significance of these new vessels is unknown. The hypothesis of this study is that the transfer of vascularized muscle and the local infusion of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) synergistically improve contractile function of ischemic skeletal muscle. Methods: Twenty-six rabbits were divided into four groups. An ischemic hindlimb was created in each by ligating the right common iliac artery. The flap + bFGF group (n = 6) had transposition of a contralateral rectus muscle flap onto the thigh. Additionally, bFGF (3 ng/h) was continuously infused at the flap-thigh interface. In the flap group (n = 6), a similar muscle flap was created, but carrier solution was infused at the interface. In the bFGF group (n = 6), no muscle flap was created; instead, bFGF (3 ng/h) was infused into the external iliac artery of the ischemic limb. In the control group (n = 8), carrier solution was infused into the external iliac artery (no flap, no bFGF). After 1 week, the soleus muscle was isolated and stimulated. Maximum twitch tension, the fatigue index (force of contraction after 2 minutes of continuous stimulation/initial force of contraction), maximum recovery, and the number of limbs recovered (ie, limbs that achieve a force of contraction during the recovery period of > 75% of the force of the initial contraction at the start of continuous stimulation) were recorded. Blood vessel density (number of vessels per •••) was determined by immunostaining the soleus muscle with anti–α-actin antibody. Results: All values were indexed to the contralateral normal limb. The flap + bFGF group showed significant improvement versus the control group in maximum twitch tension (1.07 ± 0.13 vs 0.63 ± 0.12, P P P P Conclusion: Reperfusion of an ischemic limb with a well-vascularized muscle flap and local bFGF infusion promoted increased blood vessel density in distal ischemic muscle. This increased vascularity was associated with restoration of otherwise impaired muscle function. Improved function occurred rapidly (1 week). A transposed muscle flap provided a functional blood supply to the site of maximum ischemia; this could be used to salvage otherwise nonreconstructible ischemic limbs. (J Vasc Surg 2001;34:1096-102.)
Electron bunch length measurements at the Vanderbilt FEL

Abstract Pulse compression of submillimeter long electron bunches at the Vanderbilt FEL has been observed. The bunch length is determined by analyzing the coherent transition radiation spectrum produced by the charge distribution, and we show that bunch length changes as small as 15 μm (corresponding to 50 fs) can be detected.
Epoxy mechanical properties: Function of crosslink architecture

A thermoset resin's molecular architecture is characterised by extent of reaction, crosslink average molecular weight and the average size of constituent macromolecules. Molecular analyses of extracts from cured resins via gel permeation chromatography yield microscopic estimates of this infrastructure. The number-average molecular weight within the soluble oligomeric fraction correlates with crosslink average molecular weight: the extent of monomer conversion assists in developing a description of the molecular weight of constituent marcomolecules within the network structure. Macroscopic conformation couples observations by dynamic mechanical spectroscopy, compressive stress-strain phenomena and impact resistance.
Sensory and cognitive evoked potentials in a case of congenital hydrocephalus

Abstract We studied auditory and visual evoked potentials in D.W., a patient with congenital stenosis of the cerebral aqueduct. Head CT scans revealed marked hydrocephalus with expanded ventricles filling more than 80% of the cranium and compressing brain tissue to less than 1 cm in thickness. Despite the striking neuroanatomical abnormalities, however, the patient functioned well in daily life and was attending a local community college at the time of testing. Evoked potentials provided evidence of preserved sensory processing at cortical levels. Pattern reversal visual evoked potentials had normal latencies and amplitudes. Brain-stem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) showed normal wave V latencies. Na and Pa components of middle-latency AEP had normal amplitudes and latencies at the vertex, although amplitudes at lateral electrodes were larger than at the midline. In contrast to the normal sensory responses, long-latency auditory evoked potentials to standard and target tones showed abnormal P3 components. Standard tones (probability 85%), evoked NN1 components with normal amplitudes (−3.7 μV) and latencies (103 msec), but also elicited large P3 components (17 μV, latency 305 msec) that were never observed following frequent stimuli in control subjects. Target stimuli (probability 15%) elicited P3s in D.W. and controls, but P3 amplitudes were enhanced in D.W. (to more than 40 μV) and the P3 showed an unusual, frontal distribution. The results are consistent with a subcortical sources of the P300. Moreover, they suggest that the substitution of controlled for automatic processes may help high-functioning hydrocephalics compensate for abnormalities in cerebral structure.
The Promise and Problems of Worker Cooperatives

Public policy interest in worker cooperatives has focused primarily on their potential for retaining and creating jobs. Cooperatives are thought to lead to increased productivity and worker satisfa...
Subcutaneous placement of lap band port without fascial fixation provides safe and durable access.

Laparoscopic adjustable gastric band access port has been routinely sutured to the anterior fascia of the abdominal wall using nonabsorbable sutures. We present our technique demonstrating that nonfascial fixation with using a mesh allows for a safe and durable placement of the port in the superficial subcutaneous tissue. Retrospective chart review included 102 consecutive patients who had Lap band surgery performed by single surgeon (EA) from June 2011 until April 2013. The port was sutured to a piece of polypropylene mesh and tunneled in the subcutaneous tissue away from the incision. Patients’ demographics were analyzed as well as the following parameters: OR time for port placement, follow-up, port complications requiring revision, difficult access facilitated by fluoroscopy imaging, port infection, and skin erosion. The study included 102 consecutive patients (23 males and 79 females), mean age was 49 years old, mean weight was 284.7 lb, mean height was 66.2 in., and mean body mass index (BMI) was 46.3 kg/m2. The average operative time for port placement was 4 min, mean follow-up was 12 months, port complications occurred in 2 % of the patients while fluoroscopy for difficult port access was required in 3 %. No cases of port infections or skin erosions occurred. Superficial subcutaneous placement of Lap Band Port using mesh fixation without anchoring the port to the fascia provides safe and durable access. Deep incisions to secure the port directly to the fascia might not be necessary.
Aggressive Experiences and Aggressiveness: Relationship to Ethnicity, Gender, and Age1

This study assessed the relationship of experiences as a target and an instigator of aggression to ethnicity, gender, age, and scores on the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire in a sample of 363 university students. Anglos reported experiencing more aggression in their lifetime than Hispanics as both target and aggressor, but there were no interactions between ethnicity and gender. Males had experienced more aggression than females both over a lifetime and in the last month; they also scored significantly higher on scales of physical and verbal aggression. Respondent age was negatively correlated with experiences of aggression in the last month and with aggression questionnaire scale scores. The results are consistent with a social learning account of aggression as influenced by both individual experiences and culture.
A review of reconstructive materials for use in craniofacial surgery bone fixation materials, bone substitutes, and distractors

Over the last 40 years, craniofacial surgery, in general, and surgery for craniosynostosis, in particular, has witnessed the introduction of a number of new materials for use in operations involving the cranial vault. Some of these materials have proven quite useful over time, while others have failed to meet their stated objectives. In this review, the more popular implant materials are analyzed, and their relative merits and drawbacks are discussed. Craniofacial surgery in the pediatric population has its own unique limitations, quite different from the adult population and those issues are reviewed as well.
Benefits of adding precision teaching to behavioral interventions for students with autism

Students with autism have a variety of learning characteristics that can provide challenges to teachers. Precision Teaching, a method providing frequent assessment of performance, facilitation of curricular decisions, and techniques for developing fluency, can help teachers enhance educational outcomes for students with autism. Teachers can use the techniques found in Precision Teaching to augment their current instructional methods. This article purposes to examine the potential benefits of adding Precision Teaching to behavioral interventions for children with autism. This paper will define Precision Teaching, and review its guidelines within the context of a hypothetical case study. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Contralateral Decreased Visual Acuity and Extraocular Muscle Palsies Following Retrobulbar Anesthesia

Abstract Numerous complications resulting from retrobulbar injections in the injected eye and orbit have been reported. A rare complication of retrobulbar anesthesia is the occurrence of decreased visual acuity and extraocular muscle palsies in the contralateral eye. We report three cases of contralateral dysfunction of cranial nerves II and III, following retrobulbar anesthesia. None of the patients suffered permanent sequelae. Several methods of decreasing the probability of such an occurrence are discussed
The Two Faces of Issue Voting

Both implicit democratic norms and the reconstructions provided by theorists of rational choice suggest that issue voters are more sophisticated–educated, informed, and active in politics–than other voters. But some issues are clearly more difficult than others, and the voters who respond to “hard” and “easy” issues, respectively, are assumed to differ in kind. We propose the hypothesis that “easy-issue” voters are no more sophisticated than non-issue voters, and this is found to be the case. The findings suggest a reevaluation of the import of rising and falling levels of issue voting and suggest a prominent role for “easy” issues in electoral realignments.
Abstract 4629: Tumor penetration and retention of different sized FGFR4 targeting scaffolds

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Poor drug concentration, distribution and retention pose significant obstacles to effective therapy of solid tumors. Antibody based immunotherapies must balance pharmacokinetics (PK), molecular weight and potency in order to maximize tumor penetration and retention. Low molecular weight constructs may have superior tumor diffusion properties, but short in vivo half life, whereas whole IgG molecules have improved PK properties and slow heterogeneous penetration. We hypothesise a molecule with a mass of 100-150 kDa and a KD of 1- 10 nM will have the ideal characteristics for maximum tumor penetration. A CovX-Body is the fusion of two targeting moieties (typically a peptide; in this study an FGFR4 targeting peptide is used) with an IgG scaffold. Constructs with variable molecular weights and affinities for FGFR4 have been generated by enzymatic digestion of the CovX body. As measured by ELISA, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and flow cytometry (FACS), the bivalent CovX-Body and F(ab)2 constructs had similar FGFR4 binding properties (KD = 0.7 nM and 0.8 nM respectively), while the monovalent Fab construct showed ∼10-fold decreased binding (KD =11 nM). Initial in vivo studies measured total tumor levels of the full length CovX-Body in Colo205 Xenografts 72 hours post-injection with various doses. CovX-body levels were measured using an anti-idiotype CovX-body ELISA. The FGFR4-targeting CovX-Body reaches 8-fold higher total tumor levels compared to non-targeting CovX-bodies following a 10 mg/kg dose. Tumor penetration into the centre of the tumor was also measured, and showed 16-fold higher levels of the targeted CovX-body in the centre of the tumor compared to the non-targeting. Future work will involve measuring the biodistribution and tumor penetration properties of the different constructs. Lower molecular weight constructs should rapidly achieve high but transient levels of drug within the tumor, while IgG should achieve longer term, but lower intratumoral concentrations. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4629. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4629
Structural characteristics of the IHSS Suwannee River fulvic and humic acids determined by solution state C-13 NMR spectroscopy

Abstract The IHSS Suwannee River fulvic and humic acids have been examined by solution state C-13 NMR spectroscopy. C-13 NMR spectra acquired under quantitative conditions indicated proportions of sp hybridized carbons of 60 and 72 percent for the fulvic and humic acids, respectively. Attached Proton Test (APT) experiments clearly resolved the C-13 NMR spectra of both samples into methyl (0–26 ppm), methylene (26–43 ppm), methine (43–62 ppm and 62–92 ppm), protonated aromatic (105–135 ppm) and non-protonated aromatic (135–165 ppm) carbons. The APT spectra also revealed that the aliphatic moieties of the fulvic and humic acids are predominated by branched chain structures.
Pure wave mechanics and the very idea of empirical adequacy

Hugh Everett III proposed his relative-state formulation of pure wave mechanics as a solution to the quantum measurement problem. He sought to address the theory’s determinate record and probability problems by showing that, while counterintuitive, pure wave mechanics was nevertheless empirically faithful and hence empirical acceptable. We will consider what Everett meant by empirical faithfulness. The suggestion will be that empirical faithfulness is well understood as a weak variety of empirical adequacy. The thought is that the very idea of empirical adequacy might be renegotiated in the context of a new physical theory given the theory’s other virtues. Everett’s argument for pure wave mechanics provides a concrete example of such a renegotiation.
Phase-sensitive noise in quantum dots under periodic perturbation.

Abstract We evaluate the ensemble averaged noise in a chaotic quantum dot subject to dc bias and a periodic perturbation of frequency Omega. The noise displays cusps at bias V(n)=n variant Planck's over 2 pi Omega/e that survive the average, even when the period of the perturbation is far shorter than the dwell time in the dot. These features are sensitive to the phase of the time-dependent scattering amplitudes of electrons to pass through the system, and thus provide a novel signature of phase-coherent transport that persists into the nonadiabatic limit.
A matrix representation of an Azumaya group ring

Let R be an indecomposable ring with 1 of characteristic p k for some prime integer p and integer k, G a group and RG the group ring of G over R. It is shown that if RG is an Azumaya algebra, then RG contains a direct sum of matrix rings over Azumaya algebras, and RG is a direct sum of matrix rings over Azumaya algebras if and only if the centre of RCG′ is C where C is the centre of RG, G′ is the commutator subgroup of G, and RCG′ = {abc|a ∈ R, b ∈ C, c ∈ G′}. Moreover, when the characteristic of R is 0, an expression of an Azumaya group ring is also obtained.
CREATINE CREATININE METABOLISM AND THE HORMONES

WE HAVE SHOWN in several studies from this laboratory that there is a close relationship between the metabolism of the amino acids and related sub stances, water and salt with that of creatine and creatinine (1-4). From these results it is to be expected that those hormones, such as the adrenal cortical hormone (5) and pitressin, which play a part in salt and water metabolism in the body, should likewise affect the metabolism of creatine and creatinine. In this paper the effects of injection of the different hormone preparations listed below upon creatine creatinine metabolism will be reported.
Gastroesophageal reflux and the premature infant

Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is a well-recognized problem in infants and children. Only scant mention of the premature infant with GER can be found in the literature. Of 760 preterm infants admitted to the NICU between 1980 and 1984, 22 had documented GER. These infants all underwent medical management including upright positioning, small frequent feeds, and often nasojejunal feedings. Seventeen babies did not respond to medical management and underwent surgical therapy to control the reflux. Of the 17 babies requiring fundoplication, 15 had been initially intubated for treatment of respiratory distress syndrome. Eight of these 15 were extubated in less than 25 days and were improving until they exhibited sudden episodes of deteriorating pulmonary status requiring reintubation. The other seven intubated patients developed striking bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in the first month and required prolonged ventilatory support. Pulmonary deterioration, failure to grow, and refusal to eat became the herald of GER in these infants. Fundoplication dramatically improved the pulmonary status in all but one infant. Three late deaths can be attributed to cor pulmonale and pulmonary failure. BPD was a striking predisposing factor for severe GER in these premature infants. In the total premature population without BDP only 8 of 684 (1.2%) had GER with five responding to medical management and three others undergoing fundoplication for apnea-bradycardia spells. Fourteen of the 76 infants with BPD (18.4%) had significant GER and all required surgical management for control of symptoms. Premature infants who develop deteriorating pulmonary function, poor growth, and/or refusal to eat should be evaluated for GER.
Cellular compartmentalization of carbonic anhydrase-C and glutamine synthetase in developing and mature mouse neural retina.

Using immunohistochemical methods, we have determined the cellular localization of the enzymes, glutamine synthetase (GS) and carbonic anhydrase-C (CA-C), in mouse neural retina during development and in the mature tissue. GS is always confined exclusively to the Muller glial cells; it is first detectable in these cells post-natally on about day 12, i.e. shortly before the eyes open. Also CA-C in the mature retina is localized in the Muller cells but, in addition, it is found in certain amacrine neurons as well. CA-C is first detectable in the retina already several days before birth; at that time it is found in most of the cells, with the exception of the emerging ganglion cells. However, with advancing differentiation, CA-C becomes progressively restricted to Muller cells and to a sub-category of amacrine neurons, and persists only in these cells in the mature retina. The present results extend our previous studies on these enzymes in the avian retina; they demonstrate that also in mammalian retina, different temporal and cellular patterns of GS and CA-C expression and localization earmark distinct phases of structural and functional differentiation of the retina. The striking developmental changes in the cellular localization of CA-C, and the finding of this enzyme in certain amacrine neurons as well as in Muller cells, raise questions about the role of CA-C in the retina, and about mechanisms regulating its expression in specific cell types.
Innovation in the Commonwealth: The International Intervisitation Program, Australia, 1970

Among the recommendations of the first International Intervisitation Program held in North America in 1966 was the organization of a second program at a later date. The 1970 International Intervisitation Program, held in Australia, was jointly sponsored by the University Council for Educational Administration and the University of New England. The themes of the Program were Centralization and Bureaucracy, Planning and Systems Analysis, Accountability and Assessment and Teacher Negotiation and Participation in Policy Making. These themes were the subject of papers at the orientation phase, of observation in a two week visitation phase and of group discussion at a conference held in Armidale. Perhaps the most important outcome of the Program was the decision to establish a Commonwealth Council for Educational Administration, a professional association for those interested in educational administration, which seems likely to hold its first plenary meeting at the third International Intervisitation Program to be held in England in 1974.
Advising and Assisting an Iraqi Army Medical Clinic: Observations of a U.S. Military Support Mission

ABSTRACTMedical civil-military operations are important for deployed military medical units engaged in counterinsurgency missions. There are few reports on military support for a host nation's military medical infrastructure, and we describe an initiative of the 21st Combat Support Hospital in 2010 during the postsurge phase of Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation New Dawn. The goal was to incrementally improve the quality of care provided by Iraqi 7th Army medical personnel using existing clinic infrastructure and a low budget. Direct bedside teaching to include screening and treatment of ambulatory patients (sick call), focused pharmacy and medical supply system support, medical records documentation, and basic infection control compliance were the objectives. Lessons learned include the requirement to implement culturally relevant changes, maintain focus on system processes, and maximize education and mentorship through multiple modalities. In summary, a combat hospital can successfully implement an a...
Listener Judges and the Speech Intelligibility of Deaf Children.

Abstract Two listener groups, one experienced and the other inexperienced in listening to deaf speakers, were asked to recognize speech sounds in word contexts presented in two modes: auditory only and auditory-visual. In contrast to previous studies, the experienced and inexperienced listener groups performed similarly. The one exception occurred for speech sounds in the final position presented auditory visually where the experienced listeners' performance surpassed that of inexperienced listeners. For both groups, performance in correct phoneme identification was better in the auditory-visual mode of presentation. Furthermore, an interaction between the position-in-word and the mode of stimulus presentation was present in both groups. In the auditory-only task, listeners correctly identified more target phonemes when they were initial rather than final position in a word. With supplemental visual information, listener performance increased our phenomes in both positions within a word, althought the increase was greater for final position phonemes.
13C NMR studies of conformational isomerism in thioureas: Signal assignments via chemical shift and population trends

The 22.63 MHz 13C NMR spectra of a series of alkylated thioureas are reported. Characteristic Z and E spectral regions were found for the 13C S resonances. The two regions were generally found to be non-overlapping for the series, with the region of the Z, Z resonances occurring more downfield than those of either the Z, E or E, Z conformers in the cases of 1,3-disubstitution. The Z, Z configuration became favored and the relative chemical shift difference (Rδ) increased linearly with increasing substituent size. At 217 K, hindered internal rotation caused a multiplicity of resonances which were normally single peaks in the broad band 1H decoupled 62.86 MHz 13C spectrum of CH3NHCSNH(CH2)2NHCSNHCH3 (2MTE) at room temperature. The trends in chemical shifts and populations were employed to assign tentatively the resonances of five of the six possible configurational isomers contributing to the 2MTE spectra at 217 K. The isomer populations are given. The 13C NMR spectra reported here led to signal assignments of Z and E isomers which supported prior 1H NMR results and contradicted more recent results of another 13C NMR study of N-methylthiourea. The major peak of the exchange doublet occurs at relatively high field strengths in both methanol-d5.
Dramatic Intracerebral Hemorrhagic Presentations of Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome: Three Cases and a Literature Review

Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) refers to a number of disorders characterized by severe and sudden-onset (“thunderclap”) headaches and angiographic features of reversible, segmental, multifocal vasoconstriction of cerebral arteries. Although RCVS generally resolves without significant sequelae, a rare and possibly underrecognized hemorrhagic presentation has a worse potential course. We report three cases of hemorrhagic RCVS and review the literature. Three females (42, 54, and 33 years old, resp.) presented with severe headache, neurological deficits, and dramatic intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Patient 1 presented comatose with a 9 × 4 × 6.6 cm left deep intraparenchymal hemorrhage (IPH) and 1 cm midline shift. She underwent emergent surgical intervention. Patient 2 had a 3.3 × 1.5 cm left superior frontal IPH that enlarged to 4 × 2.5 cm within 12 hours with worsening headache and neurological deficits. She was successfully managed nonoperatively. Patient 3, after uncomplicated pregnancy and delivery, presented with a 1.5 cm left superior parietal IPH on postpartum day 7. Two days later, she acutely developed right hemiplegia. Repeat CT demonstrated a new 3.3 × 1.7 cm left frontal IPH. She was also successfully managed nonoperatively. Many diverse conditions are grouped within the category of RCVS. Dramatic ICH remains a rare and possibly underrecognized presenting feature. Prompt diagnosis and management are essential for obtaining the best outcome.
Assessing stream temperature variation in the Pacific Northwest using airborne thermal infrared remote sensing.

Abstract The objective of this paper is to evaluate the temporal and spatial variability of stream temperatures and how stream temperatures are affected by land use through the use of airborne thermal infrared (TIR) imagery. Both five-meter and fifteen-meter MODIS/ASTER (MASTER) imagery were acquired along the main channel of the Green-Duwamish River in Washington State, U.S. in multiple straight line passes with image overlaps occurring at time intervals of between 3 and 45 min. Five- and fifteen-meter data were collected on August 25th, 2001, with a few additional five-meter images collected on August 27th. Image overlaps were studied to evaluate the time dependence between acquisition time and observed water temperature. Temperature change between adjacent images over the course of a few minutes was found to be negligible, but became significant at times greater than 45 min, with an estimated increase in water temperature of 2–3 °C between the first and last image collected for the complete five-meter resolution survey. Images captured from different days help identify persistent localized temperature differences. While accounting for temperature changes that occurred during the acquisition process, we still found that average stream reach temperatures increased with urbanization, while variability decreased. The same occurred in the immediate presence of a reservoir. This study suggests that urbanization affects stream temperature not only through the removal of riparian zone vegetation, but also through changes to sources in in-stream variability including the presence of rocks, woody debris and sandbars.
New perspectives in competitive location theory

Abstract This paper gives new perspectives in competitive location theory by considering new norms in two-dimensional problems and by considering (for the first time) the competitive location problem on a graph. The results in competitive location theory are generalized by exploiting an isomorphism to the literature in voting theory and by developing new results for competitive location problems on a graph.
Long-term subjective continence status and use of alternative treatments by women with stress urinary incontinence after collagen injection therapy.

This study examined subjective continence status and use of subsequent alternative therapeutic procedures at long-term follow-up after collagen injection for stress incontinence (SI) in women. Seventy women who underwent collagen injection for SI were identified by retrospective chart review and surveyed by mail questionnaire for subjective continence status, daily pad usage pre- and post-treatment, and use of anticholinergics and alternative procedures. Questionnaire responders’ versus non-responders’ mean age, follow-up, and pad usage were compared. Thirty-three women (47%) responded on questionnaires. Of the 33, 50% were dry or subjectively improved at long-term follow-up and 91% had not chosen an alternative invasive treatment after collagen injection. Chart review showed responders were not significantly different from non-responders in mean age (65.9 vs. 69.2 years), pad usage (0.6 vs. 0.8 pads/day), or follow-up (4.5 vs. 4.3 years). Collagen injection, a minimally invasive treatment for SI, appears to benefit a significant number of women.
Cosmids map two incontinentia pigmenti type 1 (IP1) translocation breakpoints to a 180-kb region within a 1.2-Mb YAC contig.

Incontinentia pigmenti (IP) is an X-linked dominant disorder of neuroectodermal development. Based on the observation of six unrelated females with clinical features of nonfamilial IP with constitutional de novo reciprocal X;autosome translocations, a putative incontinentia pigmenti type 1 locus (IP1; MIM No. 308300) was localized to region Xp11.21. Using available regional DNA markers, we constructed a yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) contig that contained 1.2 Mb of distal Xp11.21 and spanned two IP1 X-chromosomal breakpoints. This contig was used to generate a detailed molecular map of the region and identify three regional CpG islands. YAC-derived cosmids were used to clone and map the IP1 breakpoints to a 180-kb interval that was flanked by DNA markers DXS705 and DXS741. The physical map and genomic clones should facilitate the isolation and characterization of transcripts associated with the IP1 translocation breakpoints. 34 refs., 3 figs., 2 tabs.
Stress, sex, hippocampal plasticity: relevance to psychiatric disorders

Abstract Studies of the hippocampus as a target of stress and sex hormones have revealed a considerable degree of structural plasticity and remodeling in the adult brain that differs between the sexes. These sex differences, as well as stress sensitivity, may be programmed by events early in life, including the developmental actions of gonadal, thyroid and adrenal hormones. Two forms of hippocampal structural plasticity are affected by stress. First, repeated stress causes remodeling of dendrites in the CA3 region. Second, different modalities of stress suppress neurogenesis of dentate gyrus granule neurons. In addition, ovarian steroids regulate synapse formation during the estrous cycle of female rats. All three forms of structural remodeling of the hippocampus are mediated by hormones working in concert with excitatory amino acids (EAA) and NMDA receptors. EAA and NMDA receptors are also involved in neuronal death that is caused in pyramidal neurons by seizures and ischemia, and by severe and prolonged psychosocial stress. Clinical MRI studies have shown that there is atrophy of the hippocampus in a number of psychiatric disorders, as well as during aging in some individuals, accompanied by deficits in declarative, episodic, spatial and contextual memory performance. It is, therefore, important to appreciate how hippocampal dysfunction may play a role in the symptoms of the psychiatric illness and, from a therapeutic standpoint, to distinguish between a permanent loss of cells and a reversible atrophy in order to develop treatment strategies to either prevent or reverse deficits. In addition, remodeling of neural tissue may occur in other brain regions, such as the amygdala and prefrontal cortex.
Chronically ill children. A psychologically and emotionally deviant population

The study evaluated the psychosocial functioning levels of a group of chronically ill (diabetic, asthmatic, cystic fibrotic, and hearing-impaired) children across a battery of standardized personality instruments. The assessments were performed to provide a rigorous test of the popular hypothesis that chronically ill children are especially vulnerable to psychopathology. In contrast to this stereotype, results across measures demonstrated the normalcy rather than the deviance of these children. Although exceptions were noted, the children's functional strengths and coping abilities noticeably outweighed their weaknesses.
Adaptive sampling design for compressed sensing MRI

Compressed Sensing (CS) takes advantage of the sparsity of MR images in certain bases or dictionaries to obtain accurate reconstructions from undersampled k-space data. The (pseudo) random sampling schemes used most often for CS may have good theoretical asymptotic properties; however, with limited data they may be far from optimal. In this paper, we propose a novel framework for improved adaptive sampling schemes for highly undersampled CS MRI. While the proposed framework is general, we apply it with a recently proposed MRI reconstruction algorithm employing adaptive image-patch based sparsifying dictionaries. Numerical experiments demonstrate up to 7 dB improvements in reconstruction PSNR using the adapted sampling scheme, on top of the large improvements reported in our previous work for the adaptive patch-based reconstruction scheme over analytical sparsifying transforms.
A Micro Method for Performing Parainfluenza Virus Neutralization Tests.

SummaryA micro technic has been devised for performing neutralization tests with the human and animal strains of parainflu-enza viruses. Tests are conducted in a rhesus monkey kidney cell system in disposable microplates; virus is detected by the hemad-sorption technic and results are read with a standard light microscope. The microneutrali-zation technic was shown to be a highly reliable method for demonstrating significant neutralizing antibody titer rises with sera from patients from whom parainfluenza viruses were isolated and also for detecting antibody to the animal strains in the sera of laboratory animals. The test may also be used for identification of viral isolates, but this application is limited by the fact that certain isolates do not possess sufficiently high titers to produce clear-cut hemadsorption in the micro system.
Fan-Beam Image Reconstruction

The image reconstruction algorithms discussed in Chapter 2 are for parallelbeam imaging. If the data acquisition system produces projections that are not along parallel lines, the image reconstruction algorithms presented in Chapter 2 cannot be applied directly. This chapter uses the flat detector and curved detector fan-beam imaging geometries to illustrate how a parallelbeam reconstruction algorithm can be converted to user’s imaging geometry for image reconstruction.
Development of an electrochemical reactivation test procedure for detecting microstructural heterogeneity in Ni-Cr-Mo-W alloy welds

Alloy-22 (UNS N06022), a Ni-Cr-Mo-W based alloy shows excellent corrosion resistance in both oxidizing and reducing environments and is a candidate material for fabrication of outer wall of nuclear waste containers [1–3]. This alloy is considered, as readily weldable [3–6]. In solution-annealed condition, wrought Alloy22 reveals a single-phase austenite structure without any grain boundary secondary phase precipitates [1, 2]. Topologically close packed (TCP) phases such as μ, σ , and P, which are stable at higher temperatures, were observed to be retained at room temperature as terminal solidification constituents during solidification of weld metal [6]. As the chemical composition of these TCP phases is rich in Mo and W, presence of these phases could result in localized depletion of alloying elements in the matrix and make the alloy more susceptible to corrosive attack. Moreover, the weld microstructure revealed segregation of Mo and W at the interdendritic regions [3, 4]. Multipass welding and post weld heat treatment could increase the quantity of secondary phase precipitation. As the corrosion and toughness properties are affected by the presence of TCP phases and segregation of alloying elements [3], it is important to quantify these microstructural changes in comparison with that of solution annealed condition. A rapid nondestructive testing technique such as electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation (EPR) test could be an appropriate tool for such microstructural evaluation, especially in-situ service conditions. EPR test has been successfully applied for quantifying the degree of sensitization in austenitic and duplex stainless steels [7, 8]. There is no standard EPR test procedure available for detecting intergranular corrosion susceptibility of NiCr-Mo alloys. Recently the present authors reported a test procedure to detect Cr depletion in thermally aged Alloy-22 wrought materials using an electrolyte of 1 M H2SO4 + 0.5 M NaCl + 0.01 M KSCN [9]. However, this test solution could not reactivate the weld metal, as the Cr profile was not affected by the solidification structure and the TCP phases [4]. In this short communication, development of a testing procedure, which could detect the presence of Mo and W depleted regions in Alloy-22 welds, is reported. 38 mm thick Alloy-22 (UNS N06022) plates (chemical composition 0.002% C, 0.14% Mn, 0.009% P, 0.001% S, 0.04% Si, 59.2% Ni, 20.62% Cr, 13.91% Mo, 0.01% Co, 0.01% Cu, 2.68% W, 2.8% Fe and
Reasons and risk: factors underlying women's perceptions of susceptibility to osteoporosis.

Abstract Objectives To assess women's perceptions of risk for osteoporosis and to identify factors that shape those perceptions. Methods A community sample of 358 women (aged 40–86) rated their perceived risk of osteoporosis and provided detailed information about factors underlying their risk perceptions. Their open-ended responses were content analysed. Results On average, participants believed they were less likely to develop osteoporosis than other women their age. In all, 63% perceived their risk as lower than other women their age; only 16% as higher. In explaining their risk, women mentioned more risk-decreasing factors than risk-increasing factors. Women who rated their risk as low attributed their risk primarily to their own preventive behaviors (e.g. taking calcium, exercising), whereas women who rated their risk as high attributed their risk primarily to their family history. Risk-increasing and risk-decreasing personal actions, hereditary factors, and physiological factors accounted for 53% of the variance in perceived risk for osteoporosis. Only one-half and one-third of all women, however, mentioned calcium consumption and exercise, respectively, as protective factors employed to reduce osteoporosis risk. Women also held misconceptions about osteoporosis risk and protective factors. Conclusions The current findings yield a detailed portrait of women's risk perceptions for osteoporosis. Increasing awareness of osteoporosis should be a priority for future osteoporosis prevention campaigns. Interventions should address misconceptions women may hold about their risk for the disease and promote specific behavioral strategies for osteoporosis prevention.
Invasive Measures of Afterload in Low Gradient Severe Aortic Stenosis With Preserved Ejection Fraction

Background—The pathophysiology of low flow, low gradient severe aortic stenosis (LGSAS) with preserved ejection fraction is poorly understood. It has been proposed that abnormalities of arterial circulation are a major contributor to this syndrome. Methods and Results—We invasively examined systemic arterial afterload (effective arterial elastance, Ea; total arterial compliance, Ca; and systemic vascular resistance index) in patients with LGSAS (mean gradient, 1.0 cm2). Patients with LGSAS (n=36), HGSAS (n=31), and moderate AS (n=19) were similar with respect to age, sex, body size, symptoms, comorbidities, and ejection fraction. Aortic valve area was similar between groups with LGSAS and HGSAS, but the patients with LGSAS had reduced stroke volume index and card...
What Counseling Psychologists Can Do to Help Returning Veterans

The purpose of this article is to describe the needs of service members and their families who have fought or are fighting in Iraq and Afghanistan and who have sustained psychological and/or physical injuries and how counseling psychologists can help. The focus is twofold: (a) to help the reader better understand those who have served and how what counseling psychologists have to offer may be especially unique and valuable and (b) to describe several programs consistent with the traditions of counseling psychology that those at the Life Skills Center have developed. One program, F.R.E.E. 4 Vets, will be described in some detail.
Automatic Calibration of the U.S. EPA SWMM Model for a Large Urban Catchment

The Storm Water Management Model was adapted and calibrated to the Ballona Creek Watershed, a large urban catchment in Southern California. A geographic information system (GIS) was used to process the input data and generate the spatial distribution of precipitation. An optimization procedure using the complex method was incorporated to estimate runoff parameters, and ten storms were used for calibration and validation. The calibrated model predicted the observed outputs with reasonable accuracy. A sensitivity analysis showed the impact of the model parameters, and results were most sensitive to imperviousness and impervious depression storage and least sensitive to Manning roughness for surface flow. Optimized imperviousness was greater than imperviousness predicted from land-use information. The results demonstrate that this methodology of integrating GIS and stormwater model with a constrained optimization technique can be applied to large watersheds.
Advances in Tunable Lead-Salt Semiconductor Lasers

As a result of recent progress in the materials and device technology of tunable lead-salt diode lasers, including the use of stripe-geometry and heterostructures, CW output powers as high as 1/3 m W have been obtained and CW operation has been observed at temperatures considerably higher than previously. In addition to their already demonstrated capabilities in ultra-high resolution molecular absorption spectroscopy, the high — power capability should extend the use of these lasers to additional applications including saturation spectroscopy, heterodyne radiometry and high sensitivity absorption measurements with the spectrophone technique.
Self-Rejection/Derogation, Peer Factors, and Alcohol, Drug, and Cigarette Use among a Sample of Hispanic, African-American, and White Non-Hispanic Adolescents

Data from the first two waves of a longitudinal study are reported on the relationships between self-rejection/derogation and substance use among a multiracial/ethnic sample of adolescents (N = 4,983). Significant increases were found for all three groups between Waves 1 and 2. African-Americans had the lowest rates at both time periods. Peer factors, rejection/derogation, and race/ethnicity were significant predictors of alcohol and cigarette use but not of illicit drug use. Peer factors were more powerful predictors of substance use than rejection/ derogation. Interaction analyses indicated peer and rejection/derogation factors were independent predictors of substance use.
Hypoxia alters cathepsin B / inhibitor profiles in oral carcinoma cell lines.

Background: The tumor microenvironment is believed to contribute to the malignant properties of tumor cells in heterogeneous tumor tissues. We investigated the impact of hypoxia (1% oxygen) on the expression of cathepsin B and its natural inhibitors cystatin B and C. Materials and Methods: Patient-matched oral carcinoma cell lines from primary tumor and lymph node metastasis were used to study the effects of hypoxia on proliferation, protein expression, and proteolytic and inhibitor activities. Results: Hypoxic growth led to elevated cathepsin B expression and activity, and this effect was greater in metastatic than in primary tumor cells. Also, hypoxia led to down-regulation of the inhibitors cystatin C and B, resulting in increased residual activity of cathepsin B. Conclusion: These data suggest that the invasive and/or metastatic potential of cells may be enhanced under hypoxia by increasing cathepsin-mediated proteolysis. The results provide strong evidence for the involvement of cathepsin B and its cystatin inhibitors in hypoxia-enhanced tumor progression.
Game theoretic pricing and optimal routing in optical networks

In this paper, we investigate a game theory based model for pricing, wavelength and flow assignment in multiwavelength optical networks. The scenario includes several backbone long-haul optical network transport service providers (NTSP), offering their services in terms of bandwidth to Internet service providers (ISPs). We present a microeconomic flow control technique that models the NTSP as non-cooperative competitors for the ISP bandwidth demands and the routing and wavelength allocation as a multicommodity flow optimization problem. We model the competition using Bertrand duopoly model where the competitors compete by lowering prices until they reach their marginal costs as price offered for unit bandwidth. The simulations show that though the non-cooperative market environment the networks can achieve profits and allocate the bandwidth requests. We provide a comparison in terms of network profit compared to the profitability of the same networks but using fixed pricing.
Mass Measurements in a U(1) Gauge Higgs Model With Global SU(2) Symmetry

Abstract Mass measurements are carried out in a lattice U(1) gauge-Higgs system with the Higgs fields transforming as a doublet under a global SU(2) symmetry. The model exhibits three distinct phases: Coulomb, Higgs and confining. Evidence is found for a massless vector state in the Coulomb phase, and massless Goldstone scalars in the Higgs phase. Also the behavior is studied of the massive states near the transitions between the Coulomb and Higgs phases and between the confining and Higgs phases.