cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Communicating a Health Risk/Crisis: Exploring the Experiences of Journalists Covering a Proximate Epidemic:

Media are an indispensable partner in health communication, but there is often concern about how the media cover health and science issues. These critiques tend to be based on analyses of news cont...
Projected velocity statistics of interstellar turbulence

Velocity statistics is a direct probe of the dynamics of interstellar turbulence. Its observational measurements are very challenging due to the convolution between density and velocity and projection effects. We introduce the projected velocity structure function, which can be generally applied to statistical studies of both sub- and super-sonic turbulence in different interstellar phases. It recovers the turbulent velocity spectrum from the projected velocity field in different regimes, and when the thickness of a cloud is less than the driving scale of turbulence, it can also be used to determine the cloud thickness and the turbulence driving scale. By applying it to the existing core velocity dispersion measurements of the Taurus cloud, we find a transition from the Kolmogorov to the Burgers scaling of turbulent velocities with decreasing length scales, corresponding to the large-scale solenoidal motions and small-scale compressive motions, respectively. The latter occupy a small fraction of the volume and can be selectively sampled by clusters of cores with the typical cluster size indicated by the transition scale.
Higher Soil Respiration Rate Beneath Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Trees in a Northern Hardwood Forest is Driven by Associated Soil Properties

Soil respiration is the dominant pathway by which terrestrial carbon enters the atmosphere. Many abiotic and biotic processes can influence soil respiration, including soil microbial community composition. Mycorrhizal fungi are a particularly important microbial group because they are known to influence soil chemistry and nutrient cycling, and, because the type of mycorrhizal fungi in an ecosystem can be assessed based on the plant species present, they may be easier than other soil microbes to incorporate into ecosystem models. We tested how the type of mycorrhizal fungi—arbuscular (AM) or ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi—associated with the dominant tree species in a mixed hardwood forest was related to soil respiration rate. We measured soil respiration, root biomass, and surface area, and soil chemical and physical characteristics during the growing season in plots dominated by ECM-associated trees, AM-associated trees, and mixtures with both. We found rates of soil respiration that were 29% and 32% higher in AM plots than in ECM and mixed plots, respectively. These differences are likely explained by the slightly higher nitrogen concentrations and deeper organic horizons in soil within AM plots compared with soil in ECM and mixed plots. Our results highlight the importance of considering mycorrhizal associations of dominant vegetation as predictors of carbon cycling processes.
COVID-19 Pandemic Perspectives: A Scientific Silver Lining?

Accounts of the numerous negative effects caused by COVID-19 are pervasive, but few perspectives have identified any positive impacts of this massive societal shift. This forum examines potentially positive changes that have occurred within the scientific community amid the chaotic pandemic. Among these positives are the formation of virtual supergroups and an interdisciplinary brain trust. In forcing scientists away from their lab benches, COVID-19 has created time and space for more conversations about science and experimental design. Being away from the lab in this time of social unrest has also given scientists time to directly address institutional racism and its suppression of diversity in science. Although COVID-19 has been an unforeseen disaster of epic proportions, some of the resulting changes in our scientific community should remain in place after the pandemic is over. By leveraging these small wins, we will undoubtedly return to our laboratories stronger, smarter, and more efficient.
Sustainable manufacturing of polymeric materials: A techno-economic analysis of soybean oil-based acrylic monomers production

Abstract (Acryloylamino)ethyl soyate is a soybean oil-based acrylic monomer (SBM) with versatile properties for applications in polymeric materials. To explore the economic feasibility of the bio-based monomers as a potential replacement for the commercial petro-counterpart, this study presents a conceptual process design and scale-up of SBMs production. Process simulation was conducted by Aspen Plus through an integrated design consisting of the catalytic transesterification conversion of soybean oil/soybean oil-based biodiesel with N-hydroxyethyl acrylamide (HEAA), followed by product recovery optimization with solvents recycling solutions. The simulation tool estimated mass and energy balances and assessed plant performance under varying process conditions (different renewable content, catalysts, soybean oil-based feedstocks, and scales). The minimum selling price (MSP) of SBM in the base case was estimated to be $78.4/kg using a cash flow analysis, which shows its economic potential compared to stearyl acrylate. The renewable content of the specialty chemical is a key technical parameter for MSP while it contributes to carbon emission reduction as well. Carbon abatement cost analysis indicates trivial economic impact of feedstock and the need for abatement consideration in different environmental profiles for bio-based chemicals. The uncertainty analysis showed the price of the fossil-based component – HEAA has the major impact on the MSP, while feedstock to HEAA ratio, tax rate, interest rate, and capital cost are sensitive parameters. Underlying areas such as wastewater treatment and economy of scale effects in producing specialty polymers were also discussed in this study.
The Influence of Liquidity Information on Liquidity Holdings in the Banking System

I study how liquidity information influences banks' liquidity holdings using the disclosure of liquidity coverage ratio (LCR) mandated for a group of large US banks. While the disclosure rule aims to increase liquidity in the banking system, non-disclosing banks responded by reducing liquidity holdings. Using bank network relationships to measure how much a bank learns from LCR disclosures, I find that banks learning more cut their liquidity significantly more. In the aggregate, liquidity in the banking system declined and systemic risk increased after the disclosure rule adoption. My findings highlight an important, and potentially unanticipated, effect of liquidity disclosure.
How Borges Wrote by Daniel Balderston. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia Press, 2018. 375 páginas.

A review of Daniel Balderston's How Borges Wrote. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia Press, 2018. 375 pp.
Temporal and spatial regulation of integrin vitronectin receptor mRNAs in the embryonic chick retina.

PURPOSE To identify integrin vitronectin receptor subunit mRNAs in the developing avian retina and to track their expression. METHODS Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to identify integrin vitronectin receptor subunit mRNAs expressed in embryonic chick retina. cDNA clones encoding the beta 5 subunit were isolated and sequenced. Expression patterns of mRNAs encoding alpha v, beta 3, and beta 5 subunits were analyzed using northern analysis and in situ hybridization. RESULTS Integrin beta 1, beta 3, and beta 5 subunit mRNA were identified in embryonic day 6 chick retina. The sequence of chicken beta 5 was 77% identical to that of human beta 5, and sequences with known signaling functions were highly conserved. Integrin alpha v, beta 3, and beta 5 mRNAs were expressed throughout the development of the embryonic retina, with the highest levels per retina observed around the embryonic day 9. In situ hybridization showed that both beta 3 and beta 5 were expressed throughout the developing retina, particularly in undifferentiated neuroepithelial precursor cells. At later times, beta 3 was expressed uniformly throughout the retina, whereas beta 5 expression was highest in a band throughout the central retina. CONCLUSIONS The strong conservation of sequences with known signaling functions in chicken beta 5 suggests that it functions in a manner similar to human beta 5. Spatial expression patterns of vitronectin receptor subunits at early times of development point to a range of possible functions beyond axon outgrowth, including retinoblast proliferation, adhesion, and migration.
Designing a test buoy for improving the Deep-Ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis (DART ® ) system

Mooring performance improvement is one of the National Data Buoy Center's (NDBC) highest priorities for their Deep-Ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis (DART®) program. A mooring failure results in the station becoming nonoperational due to the break in acoustic communications between the moored buoy and the Bottom Pressure Recorder (BPR). Mooring failures are very costly due to the additional ship time required to recover the adrift buoy and the replacement cost of the mooring. The buoys may also drift far enough away where recovery is no longer economically viable and the buoy is lost. The purpose of the DART® test buoy is to operationally test medium frequency transducers and validate and tune the DART® mooring models. The DART® system currently uses low frequency transducers for acoustic communications as shown in Figure 1. The acoustic cone of the low frequency transducers requires a taut mooring to sustain continuous communications. Medium frequency transducers have a larger acoustic cone and therefore may use a slack mooring with resulting lower stress. The test buoy will be outfitted with several sensors that will provide data on ocean currents, tension in the upper mooring and motions of the buoy and upper mooring. Other additional benefits of the test buoy are to operationally test primary lithium battery packs and to access an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) as a tool to determine DART® station siting suitability.
DISCO: A Constraint Database System with Sets

This paper describes the implementation of a constraint database system with integer and set of integers data types. The system called DISCO allows Datalog queries and input databases with both integer gap-order [30] and set order constraints [31]. The DISCO query language can easily express many complex problems involving sets. The paper also presents efficient running times for several sample queries.
Exploring the characteristics of opinion expressions for political opinion classification

Recently there has been increasing interest in constructing general-purpose political opinion classifiers for applications in e-Rulemaking. This problem is generally modeled as a sentiment classification task in a new domain. However, the classification accuracy is not as good as that in other domains such as customer reviews. In this paper, we report the results of a series of experiments designed to explore the characteristics of political opinion expression which might affect the sentiment classification performance. We found that the average sentiment level of Congressional debate is higher than that of neutral news articles, but lower than that of movie reviews. Also unlike the adjective-centered sentiment expression in movie reviews, the choice of topics, as reflected in nouns, serves as an important mode of political opinion expression. Manual annotation results demonstrate that a significant number of political opinions are expressed in neutral tones. These characteristics suggest that recognizing the sentiment is not enough for political opinion classification. Instead, what seems to be needed is a more fine-grained model of individuals' ideological positions and the different ways in which those positions manifest themselves in political discourse.
Tuning, threshold, and conversion efficiency properties of critically phase-matched KTP OPOs

Summary form only given. As has been previously demonstrated, the 1 /spl mu/m pumped and noncritically phase-matched (NCPM), KTP based optical parametric oscillator (OPO) can be a highly efficient and reliable source. However, it cannot be tuned effectively. In this paper, we report a newly developed all-solid-state, type III critically phase-matched (CPM) KTiOPO/sub 4/ OPO. An initial theoretical comparison of the relevant phase-matching parameters for the NCPM and CPM devices has been undertaken, the results of which are shown.
Update on the Neurophysiology of Pain Transmission and Modulation: Focus on the NMDA-Receptor

Pain is detected by two different types of peripheral nociceptor neurons, C-fiber nociceptors with slowly conducting unmyelinated axons, and A-delta nociceptors with thinly myelinated axons. During inflammation, nociceptors become sensitized, discharge spontaneously, and produce ongoing pain. Prolonged firing of C-fiber nociceptors causes release of glutamate which acts on N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the spinal cord. Activation of NMDA receptors causes the spinal cord neuron to become more responsive to all of its inputs, resulting in central sensitization. NMDA-receptor antagonists, such as dextromethorphan, can suppress central sensitization in experimental animals. NMDA-receptor activation not only increases the cell's response to pain stimuli, it also decrease neuronal sensitivity to opioid receptor agonists. In addition to preventing central sensitization, co-administration of NMDA-receptor antagonists with an opioid may prevent tolerance to opioid analgesia.
Biological Bases of Personality

There are two primary behavioral characteristics across and within species: approach and withdrawal-avoidance. Stimulus qualities that elicit either depend on the species characteristics and the immediate stimulus. Just as species differ in their propensity for approach or withdrawal, there are differences between individuals within species. In humans we call these differences temperament or personality. Stimulus characteristics include intensity, novelty, frequency, and valence of emotional associations, and reward or punishment. Extraversion, sensation seeking/impulsivity and aggression are associated with approach behavior, whereas neuroticism is associated with withdrawal-avoidance. Specific genetic variants have been associated with sensation (novelty) seeking and others with neuroticism and aggression. Brain neurotransmitters, including dopamine and serotonin, have also been related to personality characteristics. The outcome of approach-avoidance conflict may depend on the interactions of these two neurotransmitters. Among hormones, testosterone is positively related to the approach traits of extraversion and sensation seeking, and is negatively related to neuroticism. Cortisol is related to neuroticism, anxiety, and depression, and oxytocin has an implied relationship with personality because of its role in pair-bonding, trust, and anxiety reduction. Arousability of cortical and subcortical brain areas is also related to personality in interactions with stimulus intensity, frequency, and emotional significance. Animal models reinforce studies of humans in both “top-down” and “bottom-up” approaches. Such studies illustrate the evolutionary development of the biological bases of personality from nonhuman to human species. Keywords: personality; approach; withdrawal; genetic variants; neurotransmitters; hormones
A framework for creating customized multi-modal interfaces for XML documents

The eXtensible Markup Language (XML) is emerging as a new way to store and communicate data. Even though its primary application is as the future of the World Wide Web, it can be used in a variety of situations to structure electronic data. As XML becomes ubiquitous, there is a need to develop tools to allow users to view, navigate, and modify the underlying XML data via a high-level, multi-modal interface. Moreover, because XML can be used in a variety of situations, the tools must allow a user to access the data via non-traditional interfaces. The Web, eCommerce, and digital classrooms are all possible applications for XML. The paper presents a framework for developing multi-modal tools to view, navigate, and modify XML structures.
Rings of Continuous Functions in the 1950s

What follows is the author’s recollection of the early development of rings of continuous functions with emphasis on the work done in the 1950s at Purdue University. No pretense is made of thoroughness or historical scholarship. Some of the work done since that time is discussed, and references to books and survey articles are included. The terminology used below is, by and large, that of the great text by L. Gillman and M. Jerison [17]. In particular, for any topological space X, C(X) will denote the ring of all continuous functions f : X → ℝ under the usual pointwise operations, where ℝ denotes the real field with its usual order and topology, and C* (X) denotes its subring of bounded continuous functions.
Using parallel data structures in optimistic discrete event simulation of varying granularity on shared-memory computers

We investigate a variety of parallel priority queue data structures to implement the global event queue of the optimistic discrete event simulation. The choice of the data structure is shown to depend on the granularity of the events. For medium-to-coarse-grained systems, a moderately fast data structure, such as a parallelized calendar queue, suffices. For fine-grained systems, such as the logic circuits, a sophisticated data structure, namely, parallel heap, was found necessary to exploit the underlying concurrency. With a suitable choice of data structure, we experimentally demonstrate speedups from two to four using six processors of a small bus-based shared-memory computer. Such speedups are possible because our simulators are based on global event queues which resulted in a drastically reduced rollback frequency and an excellent dynamic load balance, two main problems associated with local-event-queue-based optimistic simulators. In these experiments, the coarse-and the medium-grained networks were carefully selected to cause numerous rollbacks and severe load imbalance in local-event-queue-based simulators. For fine-gained networks, even the global-queue-based simulators which do not employ parallel heap could not achieve any speedup. We include performance data on three simulators based on parallelized calendar queues and a logic simulator based on parallel heaps. >
Thrombogenesis with continuous blood flow in the inferior vena cava. A novel mouse model.

Several rodent models have been used to study deep venous thrombosis (DVT). However, a model that generates consistent venous thrombi in the presence of continuous blood flow, to evaluate therapeutic agents for DVT, is not available. Mice used in the present study were wild-type C57BL/6 (WT), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) knock out (KO) and Delta Cytoplasmic Tail (DCT). An electrolytic inferior vena cava (IVC) model (EIM) was used. A 25G stainless-steel needle, attached to a silver coated copper wire electrode (anode), was inserted into the exposed caudal IVC. Another electrode (cathode) was placed subcutaneously. A current of 250 μAmps over 15 minutes was applied. Ultrasound imaging was used to demonstrate the presence of IVC blood flow. Analyses included measurement of plasma soluble P-selectin (sP-Sel), thrombus weight (TW), vein wall morphometrics, P-selectin and Von Willebrand factor (vWF) staining, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM); and the effect of enoxaparin on TW was evaluated. A current of 250 μAmps over 15 minutes consistently promoted thrombus formation in the IVC. Plasma sP-Sel was decreased in PAI-1 KO and increased in DCT vs. WT (WT/PAI-1: p=0.003, WT/DCT: p=0.0002). Endothelial activation was demonstrated by SEM, TEM, P-selectin and vWF immunohistochemistry and confirmed by inflammatory cell counts. Ultrasound imaging demonstrated thrombus formation in the presence of blood flow. Enoxaparin significantly reduced the thrombus size by 61% in this model. This EIM closely mimics clinical venous disease and can be used to study endothelial cell activation, leukocyte migration, thrombogenesis and therapeutic applications in the presence of blood flow.
An overview of signal processing in astronomy

Abstract only given, as follows: signal processing is extensively used in astronomy for spectroscopy and synthetic imaging. Signals from celestial sources are stochastic in nature and weak compared to local sources of noise. Thus the emphasis is on improving the signal-to-noise-ratio. This necessitates the use of large bandwidths and real time processing of the signal. Considerable practical gain is obtained by using 1- or 2-bit sampling. Traditionally spectrometers are based on correlators. However FFT engines have become popular. Pulsar signals are chirped by propagation through the dispersive interstellar medium. A variety of innovative processing ideas including time domain filtering have been used in this field. Two major trends may change the landscape altogether. (1) High bandwidth tape-recording of the signal, followed by the use of supercomputers to analyze the data. (2) Fully digital interferometers with the ability to form multiple beams as well as adaptive beams to deal with man made interference.
A knowledge based approach to evaluate storm related outages in power distribution systems

A computer-assisted intelligent storm outage evaluator (CAISOE) featuring real-time status information and system operators' heuristics is proposed. The CAISOE system can detect single and multiple faults of any type on any section of the distribution system, and can serve as an offline consultation system to the distribution system operators. At the outset, binary voltage sensors capable of transmitting the real-time voltage ON/OFF symptoms are installed at strategic locations of the distribution system. A semantic network model represents the knowledge of the distribution system faults and their associated symptoms. The real-time voltage symptoms transmitted by the sensors serve as the basic input to the semantic network model in generation of possible fault hypotheses. A rule base, incorporating temporal and topological knowledge of symptoms and system operators' heuristics, is used by the inference mechanism to determine the actual faults from the hypotheses set. The results suggest that the fault types and their exact sections can be diagnosed accurately. >
Homoleptic phenolate complexes of zirconium(IV): syntheses and structural characterization of the first six coordinate complexes

Homoleptic phenolate complexes of zirconium, [Na(THF)2]2[Zr(OC6H4-2-Cl)6] and [NH2(CH3)2]2[Zr(OC6H4-2-Cl)6]·2THF, were synthesized and fully characterized. To our knowledge, these complexes are the first examples for homoleptic six coordinated phenolate complexes of zirconium. Anaerobic reaction of zirconium tetrachloride with six equivalents of sodium 2-chlorophenolate afforded [Na(THF)2]2[Zr(OC6H4-2-Cl)6] in excellent isolated yields. The geometry of the ZrO6 core is octahedral with some distortion due to interactions of the sodium cations with oxygen atoms of the 2-chlorophenolate groups. The sodium cations are bound to five oxygen atoms: three to 2-chlorophenolate groups and two to THF. The coordination sphere is completed by interaction with chloride substituents of three 2-chlorophenolate ligands. A second example of a six coordinate complex of zirconium, [NH2(CH3)2]2[Zr(OC6H4-2-Cl)6]·2THF, was synthesized by the reaction of zirconium tetrakis(dimethylamino) with six or four equivalents of 2-chlorophenol. The ZrO6 core adopts a distorted octahedral geometry. Distortion is caused by hydrogen bonding between the dimethylammonium cation and the oxygen atom of one 2-chlorophenolate ligand. 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopy revealed that [NH2(CH3)2]2[Zr(OC6H4-2-Cl)6]·2THF decomposes in solution. These observations illustrate the profound influence that weaker secondary interactions to the donor atoms can have on metal coordination geometry.
Elimination of 2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl by the purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, following single exposure.

Understanding the fate of a single PCB isomer in a resident species may aid in assessing the risk to the marine community. Therefore, the elimination of 2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (HCBP) by the purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, following a single exposure, was investigated. The purple sea urchin was chosen because of its economic importance and ability to proliferate in certain polluted conditions. Single exposure may best mimic the effects of intermittent oceanic incineration or disposal, and 2,4,5,2',4',5'-HCBP was chosen due to its presence in common PCB mixtures and high chlorine content, thus strong lipophilicity.
Basic Concepts of Activity-Based Interventions for Improved Recovery of Motor Function After Spinal Cord Injury

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition that affects a large number of individuals. Historically, the recovery process after an SCI has been slow and with limited success. Recently, a number of advances have been made in the strategies used for rehabilitation, resulting in marked improved recovery, even after a complete SCI. Several rehabilitative interventions, that is, assisted motor training, spinal cord epidural stimulation, and/or administration of pharmacologic agents, alone or in combination, have produced remarkable recovery in motor function in both humans and animals. The success with each of these interventions appears to be related to the fact that the spinal cord is smart, in that it can use ensembles of sensory information to generate appropriate motor responses without input from supraspinal centers, a property commonly referred to as central pattern generation. This ability of the spinal cord reflects a level of automaticity, that is, the ability of the neural circuitry of the spinal cord to interpret complex sensory information and to make appropriate decisions to generate successful postural and locomotor tasks. Herein, we provide a brief review of some of the neurophysiologic rationale for the success of these interventions.
Ion implantation into gallium arsenide

Secondary‐ion‐mass‐spectrometry studies of the implantation profiles of 20‐ to 400‐keV Si, Se, and Be ions into GaAs are reported. The measured profiles are fit with Pearson‐IV distributions whose moments are fit to functions of the ion energy to obtain simple, widely applicable analytical formulas. Also, profiles are measured for varying wafer tilt and rotation angles to the ion beam, and for varying dislocation densities and doses. For implantation through dielectric caps, the profiles in the GaAs can be simulated using shifted, bare‐wafer Pearson‐IV distributions for Be, or mixtures of shifted Pearson‐IV and Gaussians for Si and Se. Also, knock‐on distributions of Si and O atoms resulting from implanting through SiO2 caps were measured.
On the stability of gas bubbles in liquid-gas solutions

With the neglect of the translational motion of the bubble, approximate solutions may be found for the rate of solution by diffusion of a gas bubble in an undersaturated liquid‐gas solution; approximate solutions are also presented for the rate of growth of a bubble in an oversaturated liquid‐gas solution. The effect of surface tension on the diffusion process is also considered.
A β-Tubulin Leucine Cluster Involved in Microtubule Assembly and Paclitaxel Resistance

Analysis of β-tubulin alleles from nine paclitaxel-resistant Chinese hamster ovary cell lines revealed an unexpected cluster of mutations affecting Leu-215, Leu-217, and Leu-228. Six of the mutant alleles encode a His, Arg, or Phe substitution at Leu-215; another mutant allele has an Arg substitution at Leu-217; and the final two mutant alleles have substitutions of His or Phe at Leu-228. Using plasmids that allow tetracycline regulated expression, the L215H, L217R, and L228F mutations were introduced into a hemagglutinin antigen-tagged β-tubulin cDNA and transfected into wild-type Chinese hamster ovary cells. In all three cases, low to moderate expression of the transfected mutant gene conferred paclitaxel resistance. Higher levels of expression caused disruption of microtubule assembly, cell cycle arrest at mitosis, and failure to proliferate. Consistent with reduced microtubule stability, cells expressing mutant hemagglutinin β-tubulin had fewer acetylated microtubules than nonexpressing cells in the same population. These data, together with previous studies showing that the paclitaxel-resistant mutant cell lines have less stable microtubules, indicate that the leucine cluster represents an important structural motif for microtubule assembly.
Intestinal endometriosis: The great masquerader

Chronic symptoms of abdominal pain and irregular bowel habits in women evoke a broad differential diagnosis including irritable bowel syndrome, infection, malabsorption, and inflammatory bowel disease. Endometriosis, a common disorder in young women that can involve the intestinal tract, deserves consideration as well. Intestinal endometriosis is typically asymptomatic; however, when symptoms occur, they can mimic those of irritable bowel syndrome. Identifying intestinal endometriosis can be challenging, but historical points and key clinical features aid in diagnosis.
Ispd2009 clock network synthesis contest

Clock network synthesis (CNS) is one of the most important design challenges in high performance synchronized VLSI designs. However, without appropriate problem examples and real-world objectives, research can become less relevant to industrial design flows. To address the need of the research community, we organize a clock network synthesis contest and a set of benchmark suite is released. Since the full-specification physical and electrical requirements of a leading-edge processor clock distribution would be cumbersome and impractical for this contest, we make the problem formulation familiar to the academia; that is to synthesize, buffer, and tune a clock distribution. However, the objective function has been modified to appropriately include the increasing importance of robustness to variation, in addition to the typical performance and power metrics. The paper briefly describes the ISPD clock network synthesis contest and the benchmark suite.
Finitely limited group contribution correlations for boiling temperatures

Abstract Group contribution correlations are presented for the boiling temperatures at (101.33 and 1.33) kPa and for critical temperature applicable to a broad range of organic compounds. The group contributions are based on UNIFAC groups to facilitate simultaneous group identification for estimation of activity coefficients. These correlations recognize a finite limit in boiling temperature and critical temperature as infinite molar mass is approached. The existence of this limit is suggested by: extrapolation of the experimentally measured boiling temperatures, by critical behavior polymer solutions, by engineering equations of state, and by molecular simulation results. The availability of two vapor pressures enables straightforward application of the Clausius–Clapeyron equation to estimate boiling temperatures at other points. In the presented approach, there are three parameters for the boiling temperature correlations and one parameter for the critical temperature plus 72 functional groups. The parameters are regressed through a database consisting of 336 hydrocarbons and 642 non-hydrocarbons. The database consists of various chemical families including aliphatics, olefinics, naphthenics, aromatics, alcohols, amines, nitriles, thiols, sulfides, aldehydes, ketones, esters, ethers, halocarbons, silicones, and acids. The average absolute percent deviations (AAD%) between the correlated and experimental temperatures are calculated in comparison with the Joback–Reid and Gani approaches. For the enthalpy of vaporization at T = 298 K, the Joback model makes calculations possible at 1.33 kPa by assuming that Hvap is constant over this range. Also, Kolska and Gani have reported a correlation for heat of vaporization at the normal boiling point which is used in this study. We obtain (3.5, 4.7, and 4.1) AAD% in temperature for the present work using the Joback–Reid and Gani methods, respectively. Additionally, the accuracy of the present work is evaluated by calculating the vapor pressures from the DIPPR correlation at the predicted temperatures of each model. We obtained (33, 104, and 48) AAD% in pressure for the present work by means of the Joback–Reid, and Gani methods. The critical temperature correlation results in a 2.6 AAD% in critical temperature. Asher and Pankow have reported a UNIFAC- P L ∘ method to predict the vapor pressure of oxygen-containing compounds to model the behavior of organic aerosols over the temperature range of (290 to 320) K. The Asher et al . model is compared to this approach for 66 volatile species. For the vapor pressure at the 1.33 kPa boiling temperature, we obtain 37 AAD% for the present work and 95 AAD% using the Asher–Pankow method.
Design of film–substrate single-reflection retarders*

The design steps for film–substrate single-reflection retarders are briefly stated and applied to the SiO2–Si film–substrate system at wavelength 6328 A. The criterion of minimum-maximum error of the ellipsometric angle ψ is used to choose angle-of-incidence-tunable designs. Use is made of the (ϕ-d) plane (angle of incidence versus thickness) to determine whether a given film–substrate system with known optical properties and film thickness can operate as a reflection retarder and to determine the associated angles of incidence and retardation angles. This leads to the concept of permissible-thickness bands and forbidden gaps for operation of a film–substrate system as a reflection retarder. Experimental measurements on one of the proposed designs proved the validity of the method.
A molecular basis for species differences in Thy-1 expression patterns☆

Abstract Thy-1 is a membrane glycoprotein that displays species-specific differences in its pattern of expression. Although it is expressed on thymocytes and splenocytes in mice, it is only expressed on thymocytes in rats. Based on previous studies suggesting that the third intron of the mouse Thy-1 gene is required for its expression in thymocytes, in vivo footprinting analysis was performed on the third introns of both the mouse and rat Thy-1 genes, and led to the identification of homologous 36 bp “footprinted” regions. The mouse 36 bp region was found to be capable of specifically binding an Ets-1-like nuclear factor present in both mouse thymocytes and splenocytes. In contrast, the homologous 36 bp region of the rat which differs from the mouse 36 bp region by three nucleotides resulting in the loss of the Ets-1 binding site, is unable to bind a similar Ets-1-like factor present in rat thymocytes. Instead, this region of the rat third intron binds another nuclear factor which is present in rat thymocytes but not splenocytes. These observations suggest that the differential expression of the mouse and rat Thy-1 genes in thymocytes and splenocytes is the result of differential expression of nuclear factors that bind to this 36 bp region.
Decarboxylation of exogenous L-DOPA in rat striatum after lesions of the dopaminergic nigrostriatal neurons: the role of striatal capillaries.

Abstract In rats with unilateral nigrostriatal lesions, l -DOPA-induced dopamine increases in ipsilateral striata were further enhanced after inhibition of DOPA decarboxylase in cerebral microvessels by carbidopa DOPA levels were similar, but dopamine increases in lesioned striata were smaller, after carbidopa and DOPA (100 mg/kg) than after DOPA alone (500 mg/kg). These findings suggest that after degeneration of dopaminergic terminals, striatal decarboxylation of exogenous DOPA occurs partly, but not exclusively, in the capillaries.
The influence of female gender on the outcome of carotid endarterectomy: a challenge to the ACAS findings.

Abstract Background: In the Asymptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Study (ACAS) the perioperative stroke and mortality rate was more than twice as high in women as in men, markedly reducing the long-term benefit of the operation; therefore the role of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) among women with asymptomatic carotid stenoses remains unclear. The current study was undertaken to further examine the influence of gender on the outcome of the operation. Methods: To control for all variables except gender, the records of all patients in an academic medical center who underwent elective CEA for asymptomatic disease, performed by one surgeon employing a uniform technique, over a 7-year interval were reviewed. Results: From January 1992 through September 1998, 156 CEA procedures for asymptomatic carotid stenoses were performed on 66 (44%) women (n = 68) and 83 (56%) men (n = 88). There were no differences in the prevalence of hypertension (69% vs 69%), diabetes mellitus (24% vs 19%), hyperlipidemia (47% vs 47%), or smoking (46% vs 60%) between women and men, respectively, although a history of angina (28% vs 13%, P
Women Leaders in Oxford House.

Women Leaders in Oxford House This qualitative study examined women assuming leadership roles in Oxford Houses, which are communal, democratically run recovery settings for substance use disorder. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 women Oxford House leaders who shared their thoughts and experiences on leadership. Several themes emerged from qualitative data analysis, most notably that stepping up and accepting a leadership role in Oxford House had a positive effect on self-esteem, which is vital to women with a history of substance abuse. Barriers to leadership were also identified such as negative interpersonal relationships with other women. A number of methods mentioned to increase the number of women leaders included: developing workshops, providing positive encouragement, and accessing existing female role models. The implications of this study are discussed.
Correlated Auditory Asymmetries in Lexical and Nonlexical Tasks

Two experiments address the question of whether different auditory verbal tasks produce correlated asymmetries. The first shows that ear asymmetries from dichotic word and syllable tasks do in fact correlate, but not to asymmetry from a visual face processing task. The second replicates the correlation between word and syllable asymmetries and shows that this significant relationship does not extend to another dichotic task involving the recognition of emotional tones of voice. The results are viewed as consistent with a left-hemisphere based "auditory linguistic" process involved in recognizing both lexical and nonlexical materials.
Coplanar waveguide‐fed microstrip antennas

A microstrip antenna fed by a coplanar waveguide is investigated using a full-wave analysis based on the method of moments in the spectral domain. The surface current density on the microstrip antenna and the field distribution in the slots of the coplanar waveguide are represented by entire domain and subsectional basis functions. The reflection coefficient referenced on the coplanar waveguide is calculated and compared to the experimental results.
Expression of Susceptibility to Fusarium Head Blight and Grain Mold in A1 and A2 Cytoplasms of Sorghum bicolor.

Panicle diseases are among the major constraints to sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) production in the northern Great Plains; host plant resistance is the primary management option. However, essentially all commercial sorghum hybrids contain A1 cytoplasm, which raises the concern about increased disease risk as a result of cytoplasmic genetic uniformity. To determine the influence of cytoplasmic background on the expression of susceptibility to panicle diseases, F1 hybrids with four nuclear genotypes in each of two cytoplasms (A1 and A2) were planted in three environmentally diverse geographic locations in Nebraska. Fusarium head blight ranged in incidence from 13 to 100% across locations. Grain mold, caused primarily by species of Alternaria, Fusarium, and Cladosporium, ranged in incidence from 5 to 100% across locations. There was a significant effect of nuclear genotype on the incidence and severity of both head blight and grain mold across the three locations. Cytoplasm had no effect on head blight incidence or severity, or on grain mold severity. Cytoplasm had a significant effect on grain mold incidence, with A1 exhibiting slightly lower incidence than A2 (64 versus 70%). Although the cytoplasm effect for grain mold incidence was statistically significant, most of the variation in grain mold incidence was attributable to nuclear genotype. The slight increase in grain mold incidence attributable to A2 cytoplasm should be overcome easily by selection of nuclear genotypes with grain mold resistance. The use of A2 cytoplasm to incorporate genetic diversity into grain sorghum hybrids should not increase the risk of head blight or grain mold in commercial grain production.
Animating gases with hybrid meshes

This paper presents a method for animating gases on unstructured tetrahedral meshes to efficiently model the interaction of fluids with irregularly shaped obstacles. Because our discretization scheme parallels that of the standard staggered grid mesh. we are able to combine tetrahedral cells with regular hexahedral cells in a single mesh. This hybrid mesh offers both accuracy near obstacles and efficiency in open regions.
Black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), damage to no-till cotton in relation to larval and plant age.

Damage potential of fourth- to sixth-instar larvae of Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel) on one- to five-node cotton planted no-till into crimson clover was studied in barrier-enclosed plots. The percentage of cut plants decreased progressively with plant age as in a previous greenhouse study. However, depending on infestation category, only 17–42% as many plants as expected were cut from damage by individual larvae observed in the greenhouse. Duration of cutting activity expressed in cumulative degree-days was very similar to that in the greenhouse, but only half that expected from developmental rates at constant temperature in the laboratory.
Applying Log-Linear Models in Educational Research:

This didactic illustrates the Goodman-Kennedy approach to log-linear modelling within the context of two educational research examples. The first example lends itself to a symmetrical analysis. To ...
Synthesis of imide-aryl ether benzoxazole block copolymers

Imide-aryl ether benzoxazole multiblock copolymers were investigated. A key feature of these copolymers was the preparation of bis(amino) terminated aryl ether benzoxazole oligomers (PBO) via a novel nucleophilic aromatic displacement polymerization. Oligomers with number average molecular weights of 10,500 and 26,000 g/mol were prepared, which displayed Tg's of 210 and 227°C, respectively. The oligomers were co-reacted with 4,4′-oxydianaline (ODA) and pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) diethyl ester diacyl chloride in a NMP/ cyclohexanone solvent mixture in the presence of N-methylmorpholine. The resulting amic ester-aryl ether benzoxazole copolymers were isolated and washed to remove homopolymer contamination. Copolymer compositions were analyzed by 13C NMR. Solutions of the copolymers were cast and cured to effect the imidization, affording tough films with high elongations. Multiphase morphologies were obtained for both of the PBO block lengths used in the copolymerization.
Applications of a CP-II model to excitation transfer experiments on light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-protein complexes

Abstract A theoretical study of energy-transfer rates between chlorophyll a molecules within light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b complexes of photosystem II (LHC-II) based on transient absorption recovery data [(1985) FEBS Lett. 193, 267–270] has been made using a trimer model of interacting chromophores [(1977) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 462, 642–658]. It provides a kinetic explanation of the data and shows that the experimental results on LHC-II are consistent with and therefore support the model.
Balanced Labellings and Schubert Polynomials

We studyBalanced labellingsof diagrams representing the inversions in a permutation. These are known to be natural encodings of reduced decompositions of permutationsw? ?n,and we show that they also give combinatorial descriptions of both the Stanley symmetric functionsFwand the Schubert polynomial Swassociated withw.Furthermore, they lead to an explicit basis for the Schubert modules introduced by Kraskiewicz and Pragacz.
Analysis of cirrus in the tropical tropopause layer from CALIPSO and MLS data: A water perspective

[1] Two mechanisms are thought to be primarily responsible for the formation of cirrus in the Tropical Tropopause Layer (TTL): detrainment from deep convective anvils and in situ initiation. By analyzing water vapor (H2O) measurements from the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) and ice water content (IWC) measurements from the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO), we identify TTL cirrus that contain too much ice to have been formed in situ—and therefore must be of convective origin. Analyzing 3 years of CALIPSO measurements (2008–2010), we found three maxima in the occurrence of convective cirrus: equatorial Africa, the tropical western Pacific, and South America. Over the entire tropics, we found that convective cirrus occur more frequently during boreal winter-spring and less frequently during boreal summer-fall. The convective fractions of cirrus also increase until the cold point tropopause is reached in most seasons—implying higher probabilities of cirrus around the tropopause being of convective origin. Averaged over 3 years, we find that at least ∼30% of cirrus in the TTL are definitely of convective origin.
The half-life of 40Ca(3.35)

Abstract The half-life of the first excited state of 40 Ca, measured with the 40 Ca(n, n′) 40 Ca reaction, is T 1 2 = 2.14±0.10 ns , in good agreement with previous data. The calculated monopole matrix element corresponding to this half-life is 2.6±0.1 fm 2 .
The edge versus path incidence matrix of series-parallel graphs and greedy packing

Abstract We characterize the edge versus path incidence matrix of a series-parallel graph. One characterization is algorithmic while the second is structural. The structural characterization implies that the greedy algorithm solves the max flow problem in series-parallel graphs, as shown by Bein et al. (Discrete Appl. Math. 10 (1985) 117–124). The algorithmic characterization gives an efficient way to identify such matrices. Hoffman and Tucker (J. Combin. Theory Ser. A 47 (1988) 6–5). proved that a packing problem defined by a (0,1) matrix in which no column contains another column can be solved optimally using a greedy algorithm with any permutation on the variables if and only if the (0,1) matrix is the edge versus path incidence matrix of a series parallel graph. Thus, our algorithm can be applied to check whether such a packing problem is solvable greedily.