cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Perturbation of the internal water chain in cytochrome f of oxygenic photosynthesis: loss of the concerted reduction of cytochromes f and b6.

The 1.96 A structure of turnip cytochrome f revealed a linear internal chain of H2O molecules with the oxygen atoms of the chain having occupancies and “B” factors comparable to those of neighboring atoms [Martinez et al. (1996) Protein Sci. 5, 1081−1092.]. Four waters extend 11 A from the heme toward Lys66 on the cytochrome surface. All residues that contribute an atom to the 15 H-bonds of five internal H2O molecules are essentially conserved in 23 cytochrome sequences. With only Gln and Asn side chains involved in H-bonding, the water chain resembles a “proton wire”. The function of the conserved H2O chain was tested through site-directed mutagenesis of these Asn and Gln residues. Four of the five conserved Asn/Gln residues were changed in six mutants generated in the green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Except for the N168F mutant, all grew photosynthetically. Although the rates of oxidation of cyt f oxidation and of reduction of cyt b6 (5−6 ms in the wild type) were not significantly affected, the r...
Nonlinear absorption sensitization of a photorefractive polymer composite for operation at 1.55 microns

Photorefractivity at 1.55 µm in a polymer composite is demonstrated using twophoton absorption. We show large diffraction efficiency and perform holographic reconstruction of distorted images utilizing thin-film devices made of this polymer.
Nasopharyngeal Hodgkin's disease with intracranial extension in a child

Childhood Hodgkin's Disease rarely involves the nasopharynx or the brain. This is a report of a 12-year-old boy who presented with a 3-month history of headache, diplopia, dizziness, and early morning vomiting. Computerized axial tomography (CT) scan revealed a nasopharyngeal mass with intracranial extension through the skull base. Biopsy of the nasopharyngeal mass and an upper cervical lymph node was consistent with Hodgkin's disease of mixed cellularity. This, to the author's knowledge, is the first report of a child having the combination of nasopharyngeal and intracranial involvement in Hodgkin's disease.
Increasing correlation matcher space-bandwidth product via a mosaic field of view

Correlation scene matchers used for image registration are subject to geometric distortions of the sensed field-of-view (FOV) and reference images. These distortions limit the size of the optimal FOV. Since larger FOVs mean more information and thus higher correlation peak-to-sidelobe ratios (PSR) we have been motivated to find a technique for further increasing effective FOV size. We have developed a method of forming mosaic FOVs for individual FOV in concert with short-term stable navigation data that specify the relative displacements of the individual FOVs. This technique called correlation addition is useful in scene matching navigation where a camera is scanned (e. g. by platform motion) over a region of interest. Correlation addition can be mechanized by translation and addition of the correlation surfaces from individual FOV correlations. We have implemented a VLSI architecture for computing correlation addition and have conducted performance simulation of scene-matching navigation in stressful conditions such as scene changes due to snow and shadows. We will present performance analysis several algorithms for correlation addition some simulation results and describe our architecture for computing the correlations.© (1990) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Surface pinning as a determinant of the bulk flux-line lattice structure in copper oxide superconductors.

Direct knowledge of crystal defects and their perturbation of magnetic flux lines is essential to understanding pinning and to devising approaches that enhance critical currents in superconductors with high critical temperatures ( T c ). Atomic force microscopy was used to simultaneously characterize crystal defects and the magnetic flux-line lattice in single crystals of Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8 . Images show that surface defects, which are present on all real samples, pin the flux-line lattice. Above a critical height, the pinning interaction is sufficiently strong to form grain boundaries in the bulk flux-line lattice. These results elucidate the structure of the defects that pin flux lines and demonstrate that surface pinning, through the formation of grain boundaries, can determine the bulk flux-line lattice structure in high- T c materials. The implications of these results to the bulk flux-line lattice structure observed in previous experiments and to enhancing critical currents are discussed.
AphasiaWeb: a social network for individuals with aphasia

With the rise of social networks like Facebook and Twitter, it might seem that our opportunity to communicate with others is limited only by our access to smart phones and computers. However, most social networks are not designed with complete accessibility in mind. In particular, these networks' chronological organization of news items, abundant feature sets, and busy presentation can make these tools unusable to individuals with aphasia, an acquired language disorder that compromises an individual's ability to speak, write, and recognize language. This is unfortunate, as one of the primary means of managing aphasia is to keep individuals in community. To counter this, we have developed AphasiaWeb, a social network designed exclusively for keeping individuals with aphasia and their friends and families connected. In this paper we describe the social network and share findings from a two-month trial program conducted with a local aphasia support group.
The effect of leucine infusion on substrate flux across the human forearm

In this study we examine the role of leucine infusion on amino acid and carbohydrate flux across the human forearm. Thirteen male volunteers of ideal body weight (103 ± 3%) were studied after an overnight fast. Five received an infusion of l-leucine (2.1 ± 0.07 μmol/kg/min) for 5 hr and 8 received physiologic saline as controls. Blood samples were obtained from arterialized hand vein and a deep forearm vein at 15-min intervals for 1 hr basal period and at 1-hr intervals for a 5-hr experimental period. Blood flow to the forearm was measured by capacitance plethysmography and balance (Q) across the forearm was calculated according to the Fick principle. Leucine infusion resulted in a reversal of Qleu) from a net production of 17 ± 5 to a net uptake of 249 ± 23 nmol/100 g muscle/min (P < 0.001) or 15% of the infused load. α-Keto-isocaproate release increased from 23 ± 4 to 48 ± 7 nmol/100 g muscle/min (P < 0.05). Alanine output dropped by 57% (125 ± 22 to 53 ± 12 nmol/100 g muscle/min, P < 0.005), while glutamine output increased by 150% (131 ± 20 to 326 ± 31 nmol/100 g muscle/min, P < 0.005). Total alpha amino nitrogen (AAN output) by the forearm dropped by 60 and 48% within 1 and 2 hr of leucine infusion and returned thereafter to basal levels. The output of amino acids, other than the BCAA, progressively increased such that they were 75% of basal values by the end of leucine infusion (370 ± 75 vs 645 ± 115 nmol/100 g muscle/min, P < 0.005). Glucose uptake dropped and lactate release increased by 80% each. Insulin levels increased by 82%. These changes resulted in a 10% drop in glucose and a 25% increase in lactate levels. Ketone bodies and plasma FFA increased by 85 and 21%, respectively. We conclude that leucine infusion in overnight fasted man results in (a) a transient positive effect on nitrogen balance, followed by (b) an increase in glutamine output across the forearm to account for all the leucine retained, and (c) a minimal change in KIC output, thus suggesting that most of the leucine retained was completely oxidized across the forearm tissue. Furthermore leucine infusion exerted a glucose sparing effect by directly inhibiting glucose uptake across the forearm.
Applying the model to a variety of adult learning situations

Examples of applications of the experiential learning model, which is the centerpiece of this volume, in higher education and in the workplace are described.
In-field management of corn cob and residue mix: effect on soil greenhouse gas emissions.

Abstract In-field management practices of corn cob and residue mix (CRM) as a feedstock source for ethanol production can have potential effects on soil greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of CRM piles, storage in-field, and subsequent removal on soil CO 2 and N 2 O emissions. The study was conducted in 2010–2012 at the Iowa State University, Agronomy Research Farm located near Ames, Iowa (42.0°′N; 93.8°′W). The soil type at the site is Canisteo silty clay loam (fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, calcareous, mesic Typic Endoaquolls). The treatments for CRM consisted of control (no CRM applied and no residue removed after harvest), early spring complete removal (CR) of CRM after application of 7.5 cm depth of CRM in the fall, 2.5 cm, and 7.5 cm depth of CRM over two tillage systems of no-till (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) and three N rates (0, 180, and 270 kg N ha −1 ) of 32% liquid UAN (NH 4 NO 3 ) in a randomized complete block design with split–split arrangements. The findings of the study suggest that soil CO 2 and N 2 O emissions were affected by tillage, CRM treatments, and N rates. Most N 2 O and CO 2 emissions peaks occurred as soil moisture or temperature increased with increase precipitation or air temperature. However, soil CO 2 emissions were increased as the CRM amount increased. On the other hand, soil N 2 O emissions increased with high level of CRM as N rate increased. Also, it was observed that NT with 7.5 cm CRM produced higher CO 2 emissions in drought condition as compared to CT. Additionally, no differences in N 2 O emissions were observed due to tillage system. In general, dry soil conditions caused a reduction in both CO 2 and N 2 O emissions across all tillage, CRM treatments, and N rates.
Purinoceptor-Mediated Calcium Signaling in Preglomerular Smooth Muscle Cells

Abstract —The current studies were performed to determine the contribution of calcium mobilization and voltage-dependent calcium influx to the increase in [Ca 2+ ] i elicited by ATP and UTP. Suspensions of freshly isolated smooth muscle cells were prepared from preglomerular microvessels by enzymatic digestion and loaded with the Ca 2+ -sensitive dye fura 2. The effect of ATP and UTP on [Ca 2+ ] i was studied on single cells with standard microscope-based fluorescence photometry techniques. Resting [Ca 2+ ] i averaged 80±3 nmol/L (n=219 single cells from 58 dispersions). ATP (100 μmol/L) increased [Ca 2+ ] i to a peak value of 845±55 nmol/L (n=70 single cells from 38 dispersions) before stabilizing at 124±81 nmol/L. Similarly, 100 μmol/L UTP (n=39 single cells from 26 dispersions) stimulated a peak increase in [Ca 2+ ] i of 1426±584 nmol/L before reaching a stable plateau of 123±10 nmol/L. The [Ca 2+ ] i response to ATP and UTP was also assessed in the absence of extracellular calcium. In these studies, exposure to 100 μmol/L ATP induced a transient peak increase in [Ca 2+ ] i , with the plateau phase being totally abolished. In contrast, exposure to 100 μmol/L UTP under calcium-free conditions resulted in no detectable change in the UTP-mediated increase in [Ca 2+ ] i . The role of L-type calcium channels in the response was assessed with the calcium channel antagonist diltiazem. Incubation with diltiazem (10 μmol/L) markedly reduced the response to ATP, whereas the response to UTP was only slightly reduced. These data demonstrate that both ATP and UTP directly stimulate a biphasic increase in [Ca 2+ ] i in renal microvascular smooth muscle cells. Furthermore, the data suggest that the elevation of [Ca 2+ ] i elicited by ATP is largely dependent on calcium influx through L-type calcium channels, whereas the response to UTP appears to derive primarily from mobilization of calcium from intracellular stores.
Leveraging Virtual Worlds for Electronic Mentoring

The Georgia STEM Accessibility Alliance’s BreakThru electronic mentoring program responds to a National Science Foundation request for research on virtual worlds to support outcomes for students with disabilities. It also addresses student advancement through critical junctures to STEM careers, particularly from secondary to post-secondary education, and from the undergraduate to graduate level. BreakThru has developed from an exploration of technology platforms into a full-fledged mentoring program that currently enrolls 85 students and 38 mentors. The overall aim of BreakThru is to increase the persistence in STEM of students with disabilities who are enrolled in the program. Toward this end, efficacy is measured in part through enrollment and retention of secondary and postsecondary students with disabilities into virtual mentoring. BreakThru is unique among mentoring programs due to its use of the virtual world Second Life to support or implement most project activities.
A mutational analysis identifies three functional regions of the spindle pole component Spc110p in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

The central coiled coil of the essential spindle pole component Spc110p spans the distance between the central and inner plaques of theSaccharomyces cerevisiae spindle pole body (SPB). The carboxy ...
Posterior Reconstruction: Weighing the Evidence

The reapproximation of Denonvilliers’ fascia and the posterior periurethral tissue (rhabdosphincter), often described as posterior reconstruction (PR) or the Rocco stitch, may be performed at the time of the vesicourethral anastomosis at radical prostatectomy (RP) with the aim of improving early return to continence [1]. In fact, the method of incorporating the fascia posterior to the urethra for promotion of early continence was initially reported by Klein in 1992 [2]. Despite studies reporting differing results of its benefit, PR has become widely adopted at open RP (ORP), laparoscopic RP (LRP), and robot-assisted RP (RARP). The systematic review by Rocco and colleagues provides a welcome opportunity to critically appraise and qualify the evidence base surrounding the therapeutic benefit of this intervention [3]. The review concentrates on data from 11 comparative studies over a 6-yr period, divided among the three approaches to RP (two ORP, one LRP, and eight RARP studies). There were six retrospective and five prospective studies, two of which were randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Differences in functional outcomes (continence, anastomotic leak), oncologic outcomes (positive surgical margins), and safety outcomes (urinary retention, bladder neck stricture) were analyzed for patients undergoing RP with or without PR of the rhabdosphincter. As is the norm for meta-analyses, the strength of the intervention was assessed using a forest plot, which is a quantitative estimate of the net benefit aggregated over all the included studies. Depending on the outcome measure, the total number of studies aggregated ranged from two to seven. In summary, Rocco et al. found that PR improved return to continence at 3–7 d and 30–45 d with risk ratios of 1.79 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06–3.03) and 1.57 (95% CI, 1.15–2.14), respectively [3]. All other end points, including continence at 90 d, were not significant.
Paper spray ionization of polar analytes using non-polar solvents

Non-polar solvents like hexane allow ionization of insoluble drugs, peptides, nucleotides and phospholipids as solids from paper. Ambient ionization is achieved simply by application of a high voltage to the wet paper. Transport and ionization mechanisms are discussed, including the possibility of field desorption from dendritic structures formed on the paper.
Early childhood economic disadvantage and the health of Hispanic children.

This research provides a longitudinal view of early childhood economic deprivation and its associations with health among young Hispanic children born in the United States. Of additional interest is whether economic deprivation is associated with child health similarly across all Hispanic children or whether associations differ by maternal nativity or country of origin. Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing data and multinomial logistic regression are used to estimate the effects of total years in poverty, material hardship, and lack of health insurance on Hispanic children’s health status at age 5 and change in health status between ages 1 and 5. Results show that multiple measures of early childhood economic deprivation have additive negative associations with Hispanic child health, and that living more years in poverty is associated with declining health status among young Hispanic children. Interaction effects indicate that early childhood poverty has stronger associations with lower age 5 health status and declining health between ages 1 and 5 for children with foreign-born Hispanic mothers than for those with native-born Hispanic mothers. No differences were found in the associations between economic deprivation and child health by maternal country of origin. These results suggest an important role of economic resources for protecting Hispanic child health, and that poor Hispanic children with immigrant mothers may be at particularly high risk of developing health problems as they move out of infancy and into early childhood.
Towards patient-centered health services in India--a scale to measure patient perceptions of quality.

Objectives. (i) To develop a reliable and valid scale to measure in-patient and outpatient perceptions of quality in India and (ii) to identify aspects of perceived quality which have large effects on patient satisfaction. Design. Cross-sectional survey of health facilities and patients at clinics. Setting. Primary health centers, community health centers, district hospitals, and female district hospitals in the state of Uttar Pradesh in north India. Main outcome measures. Internal consistency, validity, and factor structure of the scale are evaluated. The association between patient satisfaction and perceived quality dimensions is examined. Results. A 16-item scale having good reliability and validity is developed. Five dimensions of perceived quality are identified— medicine availability, medical information, staff behavior, doctor behavior, and hospital infrastructure. Patient perceptions of quality at public health facilities are slightly better than neutral. Multivariate regression analysis results indicate that for outpatients, doctor behavior has the largest effect on general patient satisfaction followed by medicine availability, hospital infrastructure, staff behavior, and medical information. For in-patients, staff behavior has the largest effect followed by doctor behavior, medicine availability, medical information, and hospital infrastructure. Conclusions. The scale developed can be used to measure perceived quality at a range of facility types for outpatients and inpatients. Perceived quality at public facilities is only marginally favorable, leaving much scope for improvement. Better staff and physician interpersonal skills, facility infrastructure, and availability of drugs have the largest effect in improving patient satisfaction at public health facilities.
The relationship of subjective distress and emergency response experience to the effective use of protective equipment

Abstract A total of 11 1 chernical emergency response team members were evaluated on the effective use ofpersonal protective equipment (PPE) and self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) whde participating in a series of simulated hazardous material accidents. Performance ratings of PPE and SCBA use were conducted via behaviourally anchored rating scales (BARS), self-estimates of effectiveness, and cohort ratings. Subjective distress was assessed via the Subjective State Change Measure (SSCM), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Framingham Type A Behaviour Scale. Results indicated that effective use ofprotective breathing apparatus was correlated with prior emergency response experience and state anxiety. BARS scores were negatively related to state anxiety when controlling for experience. Self-ratings for effectiveness was positively related to both type A behaviour pattern and state anxiety.
Suicidality and Self-Harm Among Sexual Minorities in Japan

In this study, I used ethnographic methods to examine suicidality and nonsuicidal self-harm among gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender persons in Japan. Participants (N = 84) indicated that suicidality and self-harm are serious problems among sexual minorities and tend to be driven by (a) a homophobic/transphobic environment and the negative consequences of sexual minorities either disclosing their true selves or remaining hidden and silent within such an environment; (b) various antecedents to poor mental health; and (c) factors not directly related to being a sexual minority, particularly unemployment and debt in the context of a protracted national economic decline in Japan prior to the study period of 2003–2004. Participants also perceived a potentially higher risk for suicidality and self-harm among sexual minority adolescents and persons in their early 20s; those who work in the entertainment, bar, or sex industries; and survivors of violence perpetrated by intimate partners or family members.
Competition for Pollination Between an Invasive Species (Purple Loosestrife) and a Native Congener

Invasive species are frequently regarded as superlative competitors that can vegetatively crowd out natives, but little is known about whether invasives can compete for pollination services with native plants. We hypothesized that, when the showy invasive species Lythrum salicaria (purple loosestrife) was present, pollinator visitation and seed set would be reduced in a native congener, L. alatum (winged loosestrife). To test this hypothesis, we constructed mixed and monospecific plots of the two species. Over two years of study, we found that L. salicaria significantly reduced both pollinator visitation and seed set in L. alatum. Furthermore, pollinators moved frequently between the two plant species, which may cause heterospecific pollen transfer. Thus, reductions in both pollen quantity and pollen quality may reduce L. alatum seed set. If similar patterns occur in the field, invasive plants may be an even greater threat to natives than previously thought.
WAVE IMPLOSION AS AN INITIATION MECHANISM FOR PULSE DETONATION ENGINES

A device has been developed which uses shock focusing to enhance the transmission e‐ciency of an initiator tube when used with pulse detonation engines. The initiator is capable of initiating detonations in ethylene-air and propane-air mixtures using less initiator fuel than is used in a conventional initiator tube. This toroidal initiator uses a single spark and an array of small-diameter channels to generate and merge many detonation waves to create a single detonation wave with a toroidal front. The collapsing front generates a high-temperature and pressure focal region. This region of high energy density is used to facilitate more e‐cient transmission of the detonation wave from the initiator into the fuel-air mixture.
Spectroscopic and computational studies of NTBC bound to the non-heme iron enzyme (4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate dioxygenase: active site contributions to drug inhibition.

Abstract (4-Hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) is an α-keto-acid-dependent dioxygenase which catalyzes the conversion of (4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate (HPP) to homogentisate as part of tyrosine catabolism. While several di- and tri-ketone alkaloids are known as inhibitors of HPPD and used commercially as herbicides, one such inhibitor, [2-nitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]-1,3-cyclohexanedione (NTBC), has also been used therapeutically to treat type I tyrosinemia and alkaptonuria in humans. To gain further insight into the mechanism of inhibition by NTBC, a combination of CD/MCD spectroscopy and DFT calculations of HPPD/FeII/NTBC has been performed to evaluate the contribution of the FeII–NTBC bonding interaction to the high affinity of this drug for the enzyme. The results indicate that the bonding of NTBC to FeII is very similar to that for HPP, both involving similar π-backbonding interactions between NTBC/HPP and FeII. Combined with the result that the calculated binding energy of NTBC is, in fact, ∼3 kcal/mol less than that for HPP, the bidentate coordination of NTBC to FeII is not solely responsible for its extremely high affinity for the enzyme. Thus, the π-stacking interactions between the aromatic rings of NTBC and two phenyalanine residues, as observed in the crystallography of the HPPD/FeII/NTBC complex, appear to be responsible for the observed high affinity of drug binding.
Remembering by the Seat of Your Pants

According to dual-process theories of memory, “old” responses in recognition may reflect the separate or combined effects of two states, specific recollection and feelings of nonspecific familiarity. When decisions are based on familiarity, people may attribute enhanced perceptual fluency to memory for prior occurrence. In this experiment, we tested whether a subliminal somatic cue (a low-amplitude buzz) could enhance feelings of familiarity. The buzz increased the likelihood that participants responded “old,” both correctly and incorrectly. This effect occurred only with subjectively difficult stimuli, those relatively unlikely to elicit clear recollection. When a stronger control buzz was used, the effect vanished. Results for confidence ratings were consistent with Whittlesea's SCAPE theory, producing a dissociation between hits and false alarms. Specifically, the buzz reduced confidence in hits and increased confidence in false alarms, in accord with the most likely attributions for the feelings of fa...
A RIF-style semantics for ruleML-integrated positional-slotted, object-applicative rules

In F-logic and RIF, objects (frames) are defined entirely separately from function and predicate applications. In POSL and RuleML, these fundamental notions are integrated by permitting applications with optional object identifiers and, orthogonally, arguments that are positional or slotted. The resulting positional-slotted, object-applicative (psoa) terms are given a novel formalization, reducing the number of RIF terms by generalizing its positional and slotted (named-argument) terms as well as its frame terms and class memberships. Like multi-slot frames accommodate for (Web-)distributed slotted descriptions of the same object identifier (IRI), multi-tuple psoa terms (e.g., shelves) do for positional descriptions. The syntax and semantics of these integrated terms and rules over them are defined as PSOA RuleML in the style of RIF-BLD. The semantics provides a novel first-order model-theoretic foundation, blending frame slotribution, as in F-logic and RIF (as well as shelf tupribution) with integrated psoa terms, as in POSL and RuleML.
Role of extracellular matrix in regulating fenestrations of sinusoidal endothelial cells isolated from normal rat liver

Open fenestrations are a conspicuous feature of sinusoidal endothelial cells and allow free movement of plasma into the space of Disse. In hepatic fibrosis, the number of fenestrations decreases as interstitial collagen increases in the liver, a change that correlates with deposition of extracellular matrix in the space of Disse. In this study, the possibility of a causal relationship between altered fenestral morphology and perisinusoidal matrix has been examined by culturing rat sinusoidal endothelial cells on individual matrix proteins or on a native matrix consisting of human amniotic membrane with interstitial collagen (types I and III) on one side and basement membrane proteins (collagen types IV and V and laminin) on the other. Under culture conditions, individual components of the extracellular matrix failed to maintain fenestrations. A basement-membranelike gel matrix derived from the Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm tumor was similarly ineffective. Fenestral density and porosity (percentage of cell surface occupied by fenestrations) were significantly enhanced, however, when endothelial cells were cultured on the basement-membrane side of human amnion. These data suggest that support of endothelial fenestrations requires a complex matrix. In particular, physiologically derived basement membrane maintains fenestrations, whereas interstitial collagen matrix does not. The loss of fenestrations associated with hepatic fibrosis may be related in part to an accumulation of interstitial collagens in the space of Disse. (HEPATOLOGY 1992;15:989-997).
Towards an implementation of database management systems with temporal support

There are several issues to be investigated for implementation of database management systems with temporal support. Examples are the types of databases in terms of temporal support, handling of ever-growing storage size, use of optical disks, representation of temporal versions into physical storage, and efficient access methods for both temporal and non-temporal queries. This paper discusses characteristics of tuple versioning vs. attribute versioning, two distinct representation schemes for temporal versions. It then presents various forms of two level storage structures tailored for databases with temporal support.
Evaluating Hallucinogenic or Psychedelic Drug Intoxication in an Emergency Setting

Under certain conditions or in an overdose setting, several classes of drugs can induce illusions, hallucinations, or delusions. However, one of the hallmark features of hallucinogens or psychedelic agents is their ability to induce states of altered or distorted perception, thought, and mood. Many hallucinogens produce classic sympathomimetic effects; that is, hyperactivity, mydriasis (dilated pupils), hypertension, tachycardia, and hyperthermia. However, the effects vary considerably, depending upon the hallucinogen ingested. Qualitative confirmation by the laboratory that the patient is suffering from hallucinogen intoxication such as marijuana use can be helpful to the clinician. However, the common toxicologic drug screens used by most clinical laboratories do not detect many hallucinogenic agents (such as LSD [lysergic acid diethylamide]). Thus, diagnosis of hallucinogen ingestion and treatment is often based on history of use and physical examination.
Is the Slow Component of Exercise $$ (\dot V{o_2}) $$ a Respiratory Adaptation to Anaerobiosis?

The increased rate of O2 consumption \( (\dot V{o_2}) \) during exercise reflects the rate of aerobic regeneration of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In 1972, Whipp and Wasserman (9) reported that a steady-state for aerobic regeneration occurred by 3 minutes only for work rates below the lactic acidosis threshold (LAT).For work rates above the LAT, \( \dot V{o_2} \) continued to increase past 3 minutes, the rate quantified as the \( \dot V{o_2} \) increase between 3 and 6 minutes (\( \Delta \dot V{o_2} \)(6–3)). \( \Delta \dot V{o_2} \)(6–3) has a high linear correlation with blood lactate increase with the regression passing through the origin (8). Others (summarized in ref 8) have confirmed an association between blood lactate increase and the slow component, but a causal mechanism remains unclear. The slow component increase in \( \dot V{o_2} \), as illustrated in figure 1, could reflect either 1) a developing inefficiency in the aerobic regeneration of ATP, 2) an adaptation to an anaerobic state in which the O2, supply to the muscles was improving, thereby facilitating the aerobic regeneration of ATP, or 3) a combination of both processes.
Gne Myopathy Zebrafish Models with Impaired Sialylation (S34.001)

OBJECTIVE: To characterize GNE myopathy using different zebrafish models. BACKGROUND: GNE myopathy is a rare adult onset myopathy due to defects in an enzyme, UDP-GlcNAc 2-epimerase/ManNAc kinase, which is encoded by the GNE gene and essential for sialic acid biosynthesis. Previous work has demonstrated that sialylation is critical for normal muscle function. DESIGN/METHODS: We generated a Gne germline homozygous splice site mutation (IVS10-261T>A) as well as a germline homozygous missense mutation (C312T) in zebrafish by ENU mutagenesis. We also knocked down expression of Gne by injecting morpholino (MO)-modified antisense oligonucleotides. Zebrafish were grossly phenotyped as well as fixed and analyzed by electron microscopy and lectin staining. Rescue experiments of were performed by treating fish with a nontoxic sialic acid precursor, ManNAc. To visualize incorporated sialic acid in live zebrafish embryos, we used Ac4-ManNAz, a nontoxic sialic acid precursor with an azido group. RESULTS: The Gne splice site mutation results in fish that generally do not survive into adulthood, whereas the missense mutation generally results in fish surviving into adulthood. Morpholino knockdown of Gne results in embryos with small body size, eyes, and head, curled tail, edema, and abnormal muscle banding pattern. Treatment of fish ManNAc caused slight recovery of the muscle banding pattern. By administration of Ac4-ManNAz to zebrafish embryos, we are also able to show that sialylated glycoproteins are present throughout every organ system. CONCLUSION: Different Gne aberrations in zebrafish can allow us to elucidate the underlying cellular pathology of human GNE myopathy. Administration of Ac4-ManNAz may identify specific glycoproteins or glycolipids that are hyposialylated in Gne deficient fish. This may help identify biomarkers and further develop therapy for this devastating human disease. Importantly, this approach allows us to demonstrate the effectiveness of using zebrafish to model human genetic diseases related to defects in glycosylation. Disclosure: Dr. Maglic has nothing to disclose. Dr. Petcharat has nothing to disclose. Dr. Chaiyasap has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bishop has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sood has nothing to disclose. Dr. Zerfas has nothing to disclose. Dr. Gahl has nothing to disclose. Dr. Huizing has nothing to disclose. Dr. Malicdan has nothing to disclose.
All-Arthroscopic Suprapectoral Biceps Tenodesis

Biceps tenodesis is a common treatment for pathology of the long head of the biceps tendon. Several authors have described various arthroscopic and open techniques for biceps tenodesis. Open techniques have been associated with complications such as wound infection and nerve injury. Previously described arthroscopic techniques have placed the tenodesis site within the bicipital groove, which may lead to persistent pain. We describe an all-arthroscopic suprapectoral biceps tenodesis technique that places the tenodesis site distal to the bicipital groove. This technique potentially avoids the complications associated with open tenodesis surgery while still removing the biceps tendon from the bicipital groove.
Long-Term Salinity Calculation in Delaware Estuary

A mathematical model of time-varying salinity distribution is selected and further developed for the purpose of calculating over a period of time equal to a year or more. These calculations are required to evaluate the effects of different scenarios or plans involving reservoir regulation and consumptive freshwater withdrawals. The tidal estuary portion of the Delaware River is the subject of this application. A hydrodynamic and coupled salinity model is described in terms of its governing equations. The model is one-dimensional and contains a dispersion relationship which is predictive over a broad range of tidal and freshwater inflow conditions. Treatment of boundary conditions is described with respect to the processing of large amounts of data and with respect to the definition of the salinity concentration of tributary and upstream inflows. A comparison is given between calculated and observed concentrations over a year-long period.
Disintegration of Te 129

The disintegration of ${\mathrm{Te}}^{129}$ has been investigated with the help of a magnetic lens spectrometer, permanent field spectrometer with photographic recording, and scintillation counters. The half-lives of the isomeric states in the parent were found to be 41 days and 74 minutes, respectively. The 74-minute state decays to ${\mathrm{I}}^{129}$ with the emission of beta-ray groups whose end-point energies and relative abundances are 1.453 Mev (71%), 0.989 Mev (15%), 0.69 Mev (4%), and 0.29 Mev (10%). Gamma rays of 0.027, 0.21, 0.475, 0.72, and 1.12 Mev were found. The 41-day state decays, for the most part, to the 74-minute state of ${\mathrm{Te}}^{129}$ with the emission of a highly internally converted gamma ray of energy 106.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1 kev for which the $\frac{K}{L}$ ratio is unity. A beta-ray transition, of low intensity, from the 41-day state of ${\mathrm{Te}}^{129}$ to the ground state of the product is postulated. Gamma-gamma and beta-gamma coincidence experiments using scintillation spectrometers served to indicate the probable level scheme of ${\mathrm{I}}^{129}$. A discussion of the disintegration scheme is given suggesting probable spins and parities of the levels.
Screening for depression in adults: U.S. preventive services task force recommendation statement.

Description Update of the 2002 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation statement on screening for depression in adults. Methods The USPSTF examined evidence on the benefits and harms of screening primary care patients for depression, including direct evidence that depression screening programs improve health outcomes. The USPSTF did not reexamine evidence for those key questions that had strong, consistent evidence in the 2002 review, including questions about the accuracy of screening instruments in identifying depressed adult patients in primary care settings, and the efficacy of treatment of depressed adults with antidepressants or psychotherapy. New areas of evidence considered for this review (and not reviewed in 2002) include efficacy of treatment of depression in older adult patients, harms of screening for depression in primary care settings, and adverse events from treatment of depression in adults. Recommendations The USPSTF recommends screening adults for depression when staff-assisted depression care supports are in place to assure accurate diagnosis, effective treatment, and follow-up. (Grade B recommendation) The USPSTF recommends against routinely screening adults for depression when staff-assisted depression care supports are not in place. There may be considerations that support screening for depression in an individual patient. (Grade C recommendation).
Anatomic and visual function outcomes in paediatric idiopathic intracranial hypertension

Background There is a paucity of literature describing risk factors for vision loss in paediatric idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). We investigate the final visual function, spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and enhanced depth imaging (EDI)-OCT findings in children with papilledema caused by IIH. Methods Medical records of 31 patients with paediatric IIH (age ≤17 years) were retrospectively reviewed. Optic disc photographs on presentation and automated perimetry, SD-OCT and EDI-OCT imaging on final follow-up visit were statistically analysed to identify patient characteristics and anatomic findings associated with irreversible vision loss. Results Permanent visual acuity or visual field loss developed in 19% of study eyes. Papilledema of modified Frisen grade ≥3 on presentation was highly predictive of permanent vision loss (p Conclusions Clinical observation of high papilledema grade on presentation is predictive of poor visual outcomes. Vision loss is associated not only with optic atrophy but also with photoreceptor damage. Interestingly, a high proportion of study eyes had optic disc drusen, which was not associated with vision loss, but can be a diagnostic challenge in distinguishing true papilledema from pseudopapilledema.
Adolescents' static behaviors and related factors in Shanghai

[Objective] To investigate and analyse the related factors of static behavior among adolescents,such as screen time,mild physical activity,moderate and vigorous physical activity,and nutritional status. [Methods] In 2011,multistage sampling was done from 10 classes of three middle schools in three districts in Shanghai; the students filled the questionnaire on their own which recorded all of the activities of one school day and one weekend day. The data was analyzed by general describing analysis, correlation analysis,and Kruskal-Wallis test. [Results] The static time in weekend was 389. 19 minutes per day,the screen time was 122. 93 minutes per day,and both were over three times those on one school day. The static time was not related to moderate and vigorous physical activity,but was related to mild physical activity. The difference in mean time before the screen at weekend was statistically significant between obesity group,overweight group,normal group,low weight group and malnutrition group. [Conclusion] Adolescents lacked adequate physical activities in their spare time,and behavior before the screen might be related to their poor nutrition status.
Other Medieval Empires

The imperial coronation of Charlemagne was of course a challenge to the imperial status of the East Roman or Byzantine ruler. Were there now two empires? The implication of the papal theory of the translatio imperii was that there was only one unity that could be called empire, the one designated as the defender and protector of the papacy. A contemporary observer might have expected that the East Roman emperor would have issued a condemnation of Charlemagne’s imperial coronation. The East Roman Empire, however, seems not to have paid any attention to the events of 800 except for the observation of one chronicler: ‘In this year in the month of December, Charles, the king of the Franks, was crowned by Pope Leo.’3 The chronicler provided no explanation for the coronation. His words suggest, however, that he saw the papal coronation only as some form of royal ceremony, not an imperial one, perhaps only providing papal approbation for Charlemagne’s activities and certainly no threat to the East Roman imperial title.4 On the other hand, Einhard declared that Charlemagne ‘endured with great patience the jealousy of the so-called Roman Emperors, who were most indignant at what had happened’, an observation that suggested significant East Roman interest in the events taking place in the West. Both observations also suggest that there was only one empire, although there was obviously disagreement about what and where it was and who actually ruled it.
Activism in Jordan

Penelope Larzilliere’s Activism in Jordan draws on a longitudinal field survey with self-identified political activists belonging to the three major orientations that make up Jordan’s landscape of ...
THE GENETIC ANTICODE: THE ROLE OF THERMAL PROTEINOIDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN HYPOTHESIS

I had the good opportunity to work as a postdoctoral fellow with Sid Fox for two years (1969 and 1970). It was during this period that my already existing interest in, and fascination with, the origin of the genetic code became firmly embedded in my soul. The permanancy was established by two aspect of my experience at Miami that were due, in the main, to Sid Fox’s exceptional scientific intuition. On the one hand, Sid was convinced that an understanding of the origin of the genetic code necessitated the use of a dynamic system which is synthesizing peptides. He and his coworkers were studying peptide formation from aminoacyl adenylates when I arrived there (Krampitz and Fox, 1969), and I became a part of that effort (Nakashima et al., 1970). Furthermore, as still another application of thermal proteinoids, Sid had already begun studying the question of their interaction with polynucleotides and had established that about 15 mole % lysine in the proteinoid was required to initiate their binding to polynucleotides (Waehneldt and Fox, 1968), and that lysine-rich and arginine-rich proteinoids had different preference among the homopolynucleotides (Yuki and Fox, 1969).
How to Become a Learner-Centered Teacher

This chapter introduces the concept of learner-centered medical education with an emphasis on strategies that promote effective learner-centered experiences. After a brief review of learning theory important to lifelong learning development, we will explore some specific teaching tools and practical resources to implement learner-centered behavior and attitudes in day-to-day clinical teaching.
Ionic Liquids for CO2 Capture and Emission Reduction

Ionic liquids, especially those functionalized with amine groups, show significant potential for a wide variety of CO2 separations, including postcombustion CO2 capture. By tethering the amine to the anion, the stoichiometry of the reaction can be doubled from one CO2 for every two amines (as is the case with aqueous monoethanolamine) to one CO2 for each amine. Moreover, the reaction enthalpy can be actively tuned by the design of the anion, adjusting capacity and regeneration energy. In addition, ILs can be used without added water, further reducing the parasitic energy required for CO2 removal from flue gas.
A Comparison of Role Portrayal of Men and Women in Magazine Advertising in the USA and Sweden

The purpose of this cross-cultural study was to examine the roles of men and women depicted in magazine advertising in Sweden and compare those roles to those of men and women in magazine advertising in the United States. A larger number of categories of magazines was used than in most past role portrayal studies in the USA. Findings suggest that a major difference between the two countries was the treatment of the sexes in advertisements depicting non-working activities—Swedish magazine advertisers more often portrayed women and men in recreational roles, whereas their US counterparts more often portrayed men and women in decorative roles. Within the women's magazine category, Swedish magazine advertisers are more likely to portray women in working roles, far more likely to depict women in recreational roles, and far less likely to depict women in decorative roles than US magazine advertisers.
The dielectric properties of gaseous cryogen mixtures of He, H2, Ne, and N2 in a temperature range of 50–80 K at pressures up to 2.0 MPa

This study investigates the dielectric properties of various mixtures of potential gaseous cryogens containing helium (He), hydrogen (H2), neon (Ne), and nitrogen (N2) under extended temperature and pressure ranges for high-temperature superconducting applications. We present the results of the Boltzmann analysis on a variety of binary and ternary gas mixtures in terms of the electron energy distribution function and the coefficients that represent the electron kinetic process, including the density-reduced ionization coefficient ( α / N), the density-reduced attachment coefficient ( η / N), the density-reduced effective ionization coefficient ( ( α − η ) / N), and the density-reduced critical electric field ( ( E / N ) c r). The study provides insights into the important characteristics and correlations that lead to the enhanced dielectric strength of gas mixtures and predicts further enhancements in the dielectric strengths of He-H2 mixtures by introducing the ternary mixtures of He-H2-N2. The study res...
Unexpected Finding: Aortic Regurgitation in a Case of Severe Migraine Headaches:

The relationship between migraine headaches and valvular heart disease usually relates to chronic use of ergotamine-based medical therapies. Significant aortic regurgitation can result in decreased...