cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
What are Strategic Decisions: Theoretical Issues and Empirical Evidence

Summary.-This paper contrasts two theoretical views of strategic decisions, general and situational. We discuss the conceprual, substantive, and methodological issues associated with these two views and report the results of an empirical analysis using survey data, which was aimed at providing some evidence regarding the validity of these rwo views. Despite he wealth of theoretical support for the situational view, our research shows that the general view of strategic decision seems to be dominant in management pracuce.
An Investigation of the Low Voltage Ride through Function of GE DFIG Wind Turbines for Electro-Mechanical Simulations

Doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) wind turbine has become the most widely used wind turbine in wind farms, since it presents noticeably advantages such as decoupled controls of active and reactive powers, and the use of a power converter with a rated power of 25% of total system power. As the penetration of wind power in power system increases, it is required that the wind turbine remained connected and actively contributed to the system stability during and after faults and disturbance. One common approach for a DFIG to obtain such low voltage ride through (LVRT) function is to install a crowbar circuit across its rotor terminals, which short circuit the rotor side converter when over-current is detected in the rotor. A detailed model of LVRT function normally requires electromagnetic simulations. However, the time consuming computational process is prohibitive for the studies of the integration of wind farms into large scale power systems. Electromechanical simulations are more suitable for such engineering applications. GE has incorporated the LVRT function into its recently released DFIG wind turbine model for Electro-mechanical simulations. This paper has implemented this model and verified the effectiveness of the LVRT function.
Improvement of formability of 6xxx aluminum alloys using incremental forming technology

Aluminum sheet is becoming increasingly common as an automotive body panel material. The heat-treatable aluminum alloys of the 6xxx series are widely used as an outer panel material, due to their ability to precipitation harden during the paint-bake cycle, resulting in improved dent resistance. Increasing the formability of these alloys would allow for multiple parts of less complex geometry to be combined into a single more complex part, thereby avoiding the costs associated with any subsequent joining operations. Incremental forming is a process that can improve material formability through the use of short, recovery heat treatments applied between increments of deformation. The objective of this study was to investigate the incremental forming behavior of 6111-T4 an alloy, which is often used for exterior body panel applications. Interrupted tensile testing was used to simulate the incremental forming process. The effect of different heat-treatment parameters on mechanical properties was analyzed. The heat treat regimen developed for uniaxial testing was then applied to a series of plane strain tests using a hemispherical punch, to simulate the more complex states of stress found in forming operations.
A heuristic-systematic model of end-user information processing when encountering IS exceptions

IS exception management often relies on end-users for success. A key aspect of end-user management of IS exceptions is sufficient information processing before responding. However, end-users process information dynamically across different judgmental contexts and sometimes favor effort reduction over accuracy maximization. With today's IS tightly meshed with underlying organizational business processes, inappropriate end-user responses pose organizational risks. We therefore developed a theory-based research model which was designed to uncover the motivational mechanisms needed to provide effective information processing in this context. Empirical testing using 318 experienced users of Microsoft Excel supported our model.
HIV-1 virions produced from replicating peripheral blood lymphocytes are more infectious than those from nonproliferating macrophages due to higher levels of intravirion reverse transcripts: implications for pathogenesis and transmission.

It has been demonstrated that intravirion reverse transcription in human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1) occurs in the presence of physiological substances and that the intravirion HIV-1 reverse transcripts are important for the establishment of infection in nondividing cells. In this report, we demonstrate that the infectivity of the virus produced from replicating peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) is significantly higher than that of virions produced by nonproliferating macrophages, upon infection of either initially quiescent PBLs or macrophages. This directly correlated with significantly higher intravirion reverse transcripts in the virions from replicating PBLs, compared to those from macrophages. Treatment of replicating PBLs and macrophages with 3′- azido-3′- deoxythymidine resulted in decreased intravirion reverse transcripts and lower infectivity of produced virions, upon infection of initially quiescent T-cells or macrophages. Because both nonproliferating macrophages and replicating lymphocytes are the major reservoirs for HIV-1in vivo,we propose that as the result of higher levels of intravirion reverse transcripts, the HIV-1 virions produced from actively replicating cells are more infectious than those from nonproliferating cells. As such, this scenario implies at least one molecular mechanism for the intra- and interhost transmission of HIV-1.
Exploring the Role of Parental Monitoring of Peers on the Relationship Between Family Functioning and Delinquency in the Lives of African American and Hispanic Adolescents

This cross-sectional study explores potential mediating effects of parental monitoring of peers on three adolescent problem behaviors (externalizing behavior, drug use, sexual risk behavior) among juvenile delinquents and their families. Participants are 190 African American and Hispanic adolescents and parent guardians enrolled in a family therapy treatment efficacy study targeting delinquency. Parental monitoring of peers mediates the association between family functioning and externalizing behavior in the full sample. Comparable results are not found in post hoc analyses of each racial and ethnic sample or among drug use and sexual risk behaviors. Research and health service implications are discussed.
Constraints on the evolution of disease resistance in an annual legume

An extensive survey of variation in disease resistance within one population of the annual legume Amphicarpaea bracteata revealed that only 11 per cent of the plants were resistant toward one native isolate of the pathogen Synchytrium decipiens. All plants completely lacked resistance toward two other native pathogen isolates. However, strong resistance to these pathogens was found among A. bracteata genotypes in nearby populations. These results imply that limits on the input of new resistance genes into local populations due to spatially-restricted gene flow may be a basic constraint on the evolution of disease resistance in this plant.
Analogs of SR-141716A (Rimonabant) alter d-amphetamine-evoked [3H] dopamine overflow from preloaded striatal slices and amphetamine-induced hyperactivity.

Abstract The CB 1 cannabinoid receptor antagonist SR-141716A (Rimonabant) markedly diminishes the behavioral effects of opiates and nicotine and has been an important tool to ascertain the role of cannabinoid receptors in drug addiction. The present goal was to determine the less-explored interaction of SR-141716A and d -amphetamine in neurochemical and behavioral assays. Additionally, the effect of the substituents and substitution patterns on the phenyl ring located at the 5 position of SR-141716A (4-chlorophenyl), and of the CB 1 /CB 2 cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN-55,212-2, was determined. SR-141716A, AM-251 (4-iodophenyl) and NIDA-41020 (4-methoxyphenyl) did not alter amphetamine-evoked [ 3 H]overflow from rat striatal slices preloaded with [ 3 H]dopamine. MRI-8273-30-1 (4-fluorophenyl; 0.1–10 μM) attenuated amphetamine (3 μM)-evoked [ 3 H]overflow, and MRI-8273-59 (3,4-dichlorphenyl; 0.01–10 μM) augmented amphetamine (0.3–3 μM)-evoked [ 3 H]overflow. WIN-55,212-2 was without effect. In a locomotor activity experiment, SR-141716A and MRI-8273-30-1 did not alter amphetamine-induced hyperactivity. However, MRI-8273-59 (1–3 mg/kg) dose-dependently attenuated amphetamine (1 mg/kg)-induced hyperactivity. The present results suggest that SR-141716A is less efficacious to alter amphetamine effects than its reported efficacy to diminish the effects of opiates and nicotine. Modification of the 5-phenyl position of SR-141716A affords compounds that do interact with amphetamine in vitro and in vivo.
A focus-context browser for multiple timelines

Events may be best understood in the context of other events. We can call a set of related events a "timeline", because of the temporal ordering. Such timelines are themselves best understood in the context of other timelines. To facilitate the exploration of a collection of events and timelines, a visualization tool has been developed that facilitates the user's ability to compare and browse across events and timelines. In this model, each event is accompanied by a text description and links to related resources such as articles from digitized historical newspapers.
Dimerization by Translation Initiation Factor 2 Kinase GCN2 Is Mediated by Interactions in the C-Terminal Ribosome-Binding Region and the Protein Kinase Domain

The protein kinase GCN2 stimulates translation of the transcriptional activator GCN4 in yeast cells starved for amino acids by phosphorylating translation initiation factor 2. Several regulatory domains, including a pseudokinase domain, a histidyl-tRNA synthetase (HisRS)-related region, and a C-terminal (C-term) segment required for ribosome association, have been identified in GCN2. We used the yeast two-hybrid assay, coimmunoprecipitation analysis, and in vitro binding assays to investigate physical interactions between the different functional domains of GCN2. A segment containing about two thirds of the protein kinase (PK) catalytic domain and another containing the C-term region of GCN2 interacted with themselves in the two-hybrid assay, and both the PK and the C-term domains could be coimmunoprecipitated with wild-type GCN2 from yeast cell extracts. In addition, in vitro-translated PK and C-term segments showed specific binding in vitro to recombinant glutathione S-transferase (GST)‐PK and GST‐C-term fusion proteins, respectively. Wild-type GCN2 could be coimmunoprecipitated with a full-length LexA-GCN2 fusion protein from cell extracts, providing direct evidence for dimerization by full-length GCN2 molecules. Deleting the C-term or PK segments abolished or reduced, respectively, the yield of GCN2‐LexA-GCN2 complexes. These results provide in vivo and in vitro evidence that GCN2 dimerizes through self-interactions involving the C-term and PK domains. The PK domain showed pairwise in vitro binding interactions with the pseudokinase, HisRS, and C-term domains; additionally, the HisRS domain interacted with the C-term region. We propose that physical interactions between the PK domain and its flanking regulatory regions and dimerization through the PK and C-term domains both play important roles in restricting GCN2 kinase activity to amino acid-starved cells.
An Analytical Study of the Shock Tube Ignition of Mixtures of Methane and Ethane

Abstract An analytical study of the ignition of mixtures of methane and ethane has been carried out, using a numerical model consisting of 25 chemical species and 75 elementary chemical reactions. Computed ignition delay times and effective activation energies are compared with published experimental shock tube results. Initial conditions studied include temperatures from 1300-1900 K. and mixtures ranging from pure methane to pure ethane, with stoichiometric amounts of oxygen, diluted in argon. The analytical model reproduces experimental results for the effective activation energy and ignition delay time for both pure methane and pure ethane. Ignition delay times computed for mixtures of methane and ethane are found to lie between the pure methane and the pure ethane results. Addition of relatively small quantities of ethane to methane rapidly reduces the ignition delay time of the methane-ethane mixtures to values close to those of pure ethane. The chemical kinetic factors involved in the ignition of fu...
A model for usage control in GRID systems

The usage control model (UCON) is a new access control paradigm proposed by Park and Sandhu that encompasses and extends different existing models. Its main novelty, in addition to the unification view, is based on continuity of usage monitoring and mutability of attributes. We identified this model as a perfect one for managing access/usage control in GRID systems due to their peculiarities. Here we extend and systematize our previous work on usage control to develop a full model for usage control in GRID We use as policy specification language a process description language and show how this is suitable to model the usage policy models of the original UCON model.
Effect of three factors in cheese production (pH, salt, and heat) on Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis viability.

Low pH and salt are two factors contributing to the inactivation of bacterial pathogens during a 60-day curing period for cheese. The kinetics of inactivation for Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis strains ATCC 19698 and Dominic were measured at 20°C under different pH and NaCl conditions commonly used in processing cheese. The corresponding D values (decimal reduction times; the time required to kill 1 log10 concentration of bacteria) were measured. Also measured were the D values for heat-treated and nonheated M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis in 50 mM acetate buffer (pH 5.0, 2% [wt/vol] NaCl) and a soft white Hispanic-style cheese (pH 6.0, 2% [wt/vol] NaCl). Samples were removed at various intervals until no viable cells were detected using the radiometric culture method (BACTEC) for enumeration of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. NaCl had little or no effect on the inactivation of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis, and increasing NaCl concentrations were not associated with decreasing D values (faster killing) in the acetate buffer. Lower pHs, however, were significantly correlated with decreasing D values of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis in the acetate buffer. The D values for heat-treated M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis ATCC 19698 in the cheese were higher than those predicted by studies done in acetate buffer. The heat-treated M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis strains had lower D values than the nonheated cells (faster killing) both in the acetate buffer (pH 5, 2% [wt/vol] NaCl) and in the soft white cheese. The D value for heat-treated M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis ATCC 19698 in the cheese (36.5 days) suggests that heat treatment of raw milk coupled with a 60-day curing period will inactivate about 103 cells of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis per ml.
Uracil and Thymine Reactivity in the Gas Phase: The SN2 Reaction and Implications for Electron Delocalization in Leaving Groups

The gas-phase substitution reactions of methyl chloride and 1,3-dimethyluracil (at the N1−CH3) are examined computationally and experimentally. It is found that, although hydrochloric acid and 3-methyluracil are similar in acidity, the leaving group abilities of chloride and N1-deprotonated 3-methyluracil are not: chloride is a slightly better leaving group. The reason for this difference is most likely related to the electron delocalization in the N1-deprotonated 3-methyluracil anion, which we explore further herein. The leaving group ability of the N1-deprotonated 3-methyluracil anion relative to the N1-deprotonated 3-methylthymine anion is also examined in the context of an enzymatic reaction that cleaves uracil but not thymine from DNA.
Joint Impact of the Dimensions of Governance and Economic Freedom on Economic Growth in O.E.C.D. Nations: An Analysis with Controls for Budget Deficits and G8 Status

This study examines the impact of various forms of economic freedom and various dimensions of governance, as well as a number of economic factors, on economic growth among O.E.C.D. nations. The study period runs from 2004 through 2007. The study adjusts for status as a G8 nation and for budget deficits. Panel least squares estimation finds that the natural log of per capita purchasing-power-parity adjusted real GDP in O.E.C.D. nations is positively impacted by business freedom, monetary freedom, trade freedom, and property rights security. Economic growth is found to be negatively affected by perceived government corruption while being positively impacted by both control of corruption and political stability. Other findings indicate that higher unemployment rates and higher long term nominal interest rates inhibit economic growth, while net export growth enhances economic growth.
Large-scale database searching using tandem mass spectra: Looking up the answer in the back of the book

Database searching is an essential element of large-scale proteomics. Because these methods are widely used, it is important to understand the rationale of the algorithms. Most algorithms are based on concepts first developed in SEQUEST and PeptideSearch. Four basic approaches are used to determine a match between a spectrum and sequence: descriptive, interpretative, stochastic and probability–based matching. We review the basic concepts used by most search algorithms, the computational modeling of peptide identification and current challenges and limitations of this approach for protein identification.
Vesicular stomatitis virus: structure and function of virion components.

Vesicular stomatitis virus (VS) is an enveloped Rhabdovirus which is capable of productively infecting a multitude of hosts including many mammalian species, fish, and insects (Howatson, 1970; Bussereau, 1973). Two serotypes of VS virus have been identified: VSIndiana and VSNew Jersey (Pringle, 1975). The standard infectious virions of either serotype are rods (rhabdos = rod) of approximately 175 × 68 nm which have one hemispherical and one planar end and contain a helical nucleocapsid of approximately 30 equal turns followed by 4 or 5 diminishing coils at the rounded end (Howatson, 1970) (Fig. 1). Thus, virions appear bullet-shaped. Numerous “spikes” measuring 10 nm in length project externally from the entire surface of the viral envelope. Defective interfering (DI) particles which have the same morphology but are shorter and contain incomplete genomes are also produced at high multiplicities of infection. The viral envelope is acquired during maturation when nucleocapsids bud through pre-existing cell membranes; the site of budding varies according to the host species and can be on either the plasma membrane or the membranes of intracytoplasmic vesicles or on both (Zee et al., 1970).
Ally: OS-Transparent Packet Inspection Using Sequestered Cores

This paper presents Ally, a server platform architecture that supports compute-intensive management services on multi-core processors. Ally introduces simple hardware mechanisms to sequester cores to run a separate software environment dedicated to management tasks, including packet processing software appliances (e.g. for Deep Packet Inspection, DPI) with efficient mechanisms to safely and transparently intercept network packets. Ally enables distributed deployment of compute-intensive management services throughout a data center. Importantly, it uniquely allows these services to be deployed independent of the arbitrary OSs and/or hyper visor that users may choose to run on the remaining cores, with hardware isolation preventing the host environment from tampering with the management environment. Experiments using full system emulation and a Linux-based prototype validate Ally functionality and demonstrate low overhead packet interception, e.g., using Ally to host the well-known Snort packet inspection software incurs less over-head than deploying Snort as a Xen virtual machine appliance, resulting in up to 2x improvement in throughput for some workloads.
Evaluation and Reporting of Breast Cancer after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) applied prior to surgical excision of the tumor has become a frequently used therapeutic approach in patients with operable and inoperable breast cancer. Such chemotherapy alters the morphology of breast cancers and normal breast tissue. Thus it is important for pathologists to become familiar with these changes and to know how to handle and assess breast specimens after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Evaluation of the therapeutic response and measurement of residual disease is important in the pathologic assessment of the final surgical resection specimens because these data help in predicting patient's chances for cure and survival, and also provide guidance for further therapy. This review will discuss treatment effects and demonstrate how to evaluate, sample and measure residual breast cancer in excision specimens including axillary lymph nodes.
Entrepreneurship and financial constraints in Thailand

We use new data from rural and semi-urban Thailand to examine how financial constraints affect entrepreneurial activity. The analysis uses nonparametric and reduced form techniques. The results indicate that financial constraints play an important role in shaping the patterns of entrepreneurship in Thailand. In particular, wealthier households are more likely to start businesses. Wealthier households are also more likely to invest more in their businesses and face fewer constraints. We also provide evidence that financial constraints place greater restrictions on entrepreneurial activity in the poor Northeast compared to the more developed Central region.
Emerging treatments in alopecia

Introduction: Alopecia is a common concern encountered in the medical practice. Treatment approach varies according to the type and severity of alopecia. However, available treatment options have limited efficacy and several adverse effects. Presently, there are different treatment options being studied to overcome these limitations. Additionally, cellular pathways involved in the pathophysiology of alopecia are further being clarified to potentially target pathogenic molecules.Areas covered: We searched the literature for recently published articles discussing new treatment options as well as mechanisms involved in alopecia. We discuss the use of stem cells, growth factors, cellular pathways and robotic hair transplant, among other emerging therapies used for alopecia.Expert opinion: Future looks very promising and new effective treatments such as janus kinase inhibitors could possibly be available for alopecia areata. The stem-cell technology is advancing and companies involved in hair follicle neogenes...
Transcriptional responses of Escherichia coli K-12 and O157: H7 associated with lettuce leaves

An increasing number of outbreaks of gastroenteritis recently caused by Escherichia coli O157:H7 have been linked to the consumption of leafy green vegetables. Although it is known that E. coli survives and grows in the phyllosphere of lettuce plants, the molecular mechanisms by which this bacterium associates with plants are largely unknown. The goal of this study was to identify E. coli genes relevant to its interaction, survival, or attachment to lettuce leaf surfaces, comparing E. coli K-12, a model system, and E. coli O157:H7, a pathogen associated with a large number of outbreaks. Using microarrays, we found that upon interaction with intact leaves, 10.1% and 8.7% of the 3,798 shared genes were differentially expressed in K-12 and O157:H7, respectively, whereas 3.1% changed transcript levels in both. The largest group of genes downregulated consisted of those involved in energy metabolism, including tnaA (33-fold change), encoding a tryptophanase that converts tryptophan into indole. Genes involved in biofilm modulation (bhsA and ybiM) and curli production (csgA and csgB) were significantly upregulated in E. coli K-12 and O157:H7. Both csgA and bhsA (ycfR) mutants were impaired in the long-term colonization of the leaf surface, but only csgA mutants had diminished ability in short-term attachment experiments. Our data suggested that the interaction of E. coli K-12 and O157:H7 with undamaged lettuce leaves likely is initiated via attachment to the leaf surface using curli fibers, a downward shift in their metabolism, and the suppression of biofilm formation.
Density and Packing in Uranium Based Metallic Glasses

Density and x-ray diffraction measurements were performed over a wide compositional range of U-Fe and U-Co metallic glass ribbons. The compositional dependence of both the density and the average nearest neighbor distance exhibits a change in slope at approximately 28 at.% transition metal. This suggests an “ideal” glass composition possessing a minimum excess volume. A qualitative model of atomic packing is proposed, which is based on the compositional dependence of the atomic volume and nearest neighbor distance.
An improved spray reagent for detection of bile acids on thin-layer chromatoplates.

A spray reagent containing 8-hydroxy-1,3,6-pyrenetrisulfonic acid sodium salt is described, which allows detection of as little as 1 μg of bile acids under long-wave UV light. The bile acids can be eluted directly from the sprayed plates with acetone without eluting the spray reagent.
Preserving high-purity 233U

The MARC X Conference hosted a workshop for the scientific community to communicate needs for high-purity 233U and its by-products in order to preserve critical items otherwise slated for downblending and disposal. Currently, only small portions of the U.S. holdings of separated 233U are being preserved. However, many additional kilograms of 233U (>97 % pure) still are destined to be disposed, and it is unlikely that this material will ever be replaced due to a lack of operating production capability. Summaries of information conveyed at the workshop and feedback obtained from the scientific community are presented herein.
Hippocampal ablation and operant behavior in the rat

Acquisition and retention of a food-reinforced bar-pressing response showed that rats with lesions in the hippocampus consistently pressed at higher rates than both cortical and unoperated control Ss. These results cannot be attributed to differences in food motivation or activity since control studies showed food consumption and operant level of bar pressing to be similar.
Perception and Emotion: The Indirect Effect of Reported Election Poll Results on Political Participation Intention and Support for Restrictions

This study explores how the perceived effect and bias of reported election poll results are associated with voters' attitudes toward restrictions on polling reports and their political participation intention through emotions. A telephone survey using a representative sample of South Korean voters (N = 597) was conducted prior to the 2012 South Korean presidential election. Results indicate that the third-person perception of reported election poll results was indirectly linked to support for restrictions on polling reports through anxiety. For supporters of Mr. Jae In Moon, the nominee of the liberal Democratic United Party, who was reported to be behind in the polls, the hostile media perception was indirectly associated with support for restrictions through anxiety and directly associated with political participation intention. Implications of the findings are discussed.
The Missing Leader: Japanese Youths' View of Political Authority *

Before 1945 Japan was the epitome of a nation whose political regime was based on the presence of a “benevolent leader,” the Emperor. The postwar democratic regime, however, was founded in explicit repudiation of this central role of the Emperor in the political life of the nation. This study, based on two surveys of Japanese children and adolescents, investigates their images of political authority figures and the consequences of those images on support for the institutions of the present regime. The first part of the paper focuses on younger children's images of possible contenders for the role of benevolent leader. The data reveal indifference toward the emperor and strong negative affect toward the prime minister. Comparison of the images of prime minister and local leader suggests that the leader's personality and leadership style, characteristics of the institutional structure of politics, and children's conceptions of the meaning of “politics” combine to the detriment of the prime minister's image. The second part of the paper centers around the question of whether there occurs in later years a spill-over of negative affect from the prime minister's image onto the other major institutions of the regime. The data indicate that a selective political cynicism emerges in adolescence, in which negative feelings toward the authoritative, output institutions of government are coupled with support for those institutions which mediate popular participation in politics. The paper concludes with a consideration of the significance that the historical origins of a political regime have for popular images of national leaders.
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: an update for nephrologists

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a hyperinflammatory syndrome caused by defective lytic capability of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and NK cells, which results in proliferation of benign hemophagocytic histiocytes. A cytokine storm ensues, and a severe systemic inflammatory response syndrome, multiorgan dysfunction syndrome, and death frequently follow. It may occur as a primary (inherited) form, or be acquired secondary to malignancy, infection, rheumatologic disease, or immunosuppression. Cardinal manifestations include fever, cytopenias, hepatosplenomegaly, and dysfunction of liver, kidney, CNS, and/or lung. Additional laboratory findings include marked hyperferritinemia, hypofibrinogenemia, hypertriglyceridemia, abnormal LFTs, coagulopathy, and hyponatremia. Nephrologists need to be aware of this syndrome owing to the frequent occurrence of acute kidney injury in these severely ill patients. Glomerulopathy and nephrotic syndrome may develop. Kidney transplant recipients are at increased risk of HLH due to immunosuppression, and most such cases are triggered by infection with over 50 % mortality. Effective treatment of HLH usually requires chemoimmunotherapy to acutely suppress inflammation, specific treatment of underlying infection or malignancy, and in certain cases hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of HLH are discussed.
Analysis of a Delivery Device Conversion for Insulin Aspart: Potential Clinical Impact in Veterans

In Brief Insulin therapies using a wide variety of delivery devices are available to accommodate individual patients' needs. In this study of veterans with diabetes, converting from insulin aspart delivered with vials and syringes to insulin aspart delivered via a pen device resulted in no significant change in A1C. Although insulin pen delivery devices offer benefits, providers should thoroughly consider all potential reasons for uncontrolled diabetes before modifying a patient's insulin delivery method.
015 Development of equations to predict the influence of floor space on average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and gain-to-feed ratio of finishing pigs

Citation: Flohr, J. R., Woodworth, J. C., Tokach, M. D., Dritz, S. S., DeRouchey, J. M., & Goodband, R. D. (2016). Development of equations to predict the influence of floor space on average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and gain-to-feed ratio of finishing. Journal of Animal Science, 94, 7-7. doi:10.2527/msasas2016-015
Intermolecular Markovnikov-Selective Hydroacylation of Olefins Catalyzed by a Cationic Ruthenium–Hydride Complex

The cationic Ru–H complex was found to be an effective catalyst for the intermolecular hydroacylation of aryl-substituted olefins with aldehydes to form branched ketone products. The preliminary kinetic and spectroscopic studies elucidated a ruthenium-acyl complex as the key intermediate species. The catalytic method directly afforded branched ketone products in a highly regioselective manner while tolerating a number of heteroatom functional groups.
A gender-specific hazard-based clinical and noninvasive coronary risk scoring system for patients with suspected coronary artery disease.

OBJECTIVE An outpatient-based scoring system was developed for at-risk patients with coronary artery disease based on data derived from the clinical history and noninvasive testing results for the prediction of an adverse event, the development of risk subsets, and the evaluation of the appropriateness of utilization patterns in an ambulatory care patient population. METHOD This was a hospital-based cohort study. From a population of 3,795 consecutively tested patients, 872 with suspected coronary artery disease were enrolled from a midwestern university tertiary medical center from 1988 to 1989. RESULTS Multivariable Cox modeling was used to develop scoring weights with scores ranging from -1.6 to 8.5 points. Significant multivariable disease predictors of cardiac death or myocardial infarction were use of nitroglycerin or insulin, ST-T wave changes, female gender, left ventricular hypertrophy, and a reversible thallium 201 defect. Receiver operating characteristics curves by use of the hazard score were comparable by gender. A probability threshold of .30 for cardiac death or myocardial infarction yielded a cut point of acceptable sensitivity and specificity for prompting medical management decisions. Below this threshold, the rate of follow-up diagnostic testing was 16.9% for women and 57.8% for men (p=.00001). Above this threshold, the rate of follow-up diagnostic testing was 40.6% for women and 64.3% for men (p= .04). CONCLUSION Use of cardiac diagnostic services and cardiac event-free survival varies by gender in patients screened by noninvasive testing. For men at low risk of cardiac death or myocardial infarction, a statistically greater use of follow-up diagnostic testing was reported, thus reflecting more aggressive treatment and overuse of services for men as compared with women.
Liver resection and laser hyperthermia.

Techniques of hepatic parenchymal transection, including newer modalities such as the argon beam coagula tor, contact Nd: YAG laser, and the ultrasonic dissector, are discussed. The laser as a means of in situ interstitial ablation of hepatic tumors is compared with other competing techniques. The promise of laser hyperthermia and radiofrequency electrodesiccation are compared to cryosurgery and alcohol injection as potential means to ablate liver tumors without surgery.
Bladder and Urethral Injuries in Patients with Pelvic Fractures

AbstractApproximately 10 per cent of the patients sustaining a traumatic pelvic fracture will be found to have an associated lower urinary tract injury. The finding of gross hematuria after such an injury strongly suggests the presence of an extravasating lesion of the bladder or urethra but microhematuria alone does not appear to be indicative of any significant uropathology.
Review of mechanical resonators

This appendix reviews the essentials of lumped parameter mechanical systems relevant to microelectromechanical sensors and actuators. Our focus here is mechanical resonators. This choice is based on the reality that, in the MEMS world, stictive phenomena such as van der Waals forces or capillarity are always lurking. Like a tree snagging a kite from the air, these forces can fasten upon a moving element and affix it permanently to an adjacent surface. For this reason, resonance is usually the best way to exploit large motions reliably in a MEMS device. We start with a simple spring-mass system with one degree of freedom and Newton's second law in scalar form. All the main concepts are derived from the single-degree-of-freedom linear model, and then generalized to multiple-degree-of-freedom models and continuous systems using modal analysis. The approach taken in this appendix is tailored to students having some familiarity with Laplace transforms, from the perspective of either resonant electric circuits or mechanical resonators. The starting point is the differential equation of motion; simple Laplace techniques are introduced so that solutions to the equation can be obtained and the important properties of this solution can be studied.
Design of a reliable RRAM-based PUF for compact hardware security primitives

Physical Unclonable Functions (PUF) have to be highly reliable especially when it is being used along with cryptographic hash modules for key generation. To achieve ultrahigh reliability, the conventional approach employs error correction codes (ECC) based on helper data input. Such an approach not only increases the hardware overhead of the PUF but also reduces the entropy of the system, resulting in both hardware and software security issues. In this paper we design a compact and highly reliable PUF architecture based on resistive random access memory (RRAM). We propose a new design where the sum of the read-out currents of multiple RRAM cells is used for generating one response bit. This method statistically minimizes any early-lifetime failure due to RRAM retention degradation at high temperature or under voltage stress. We employ a device model that is calibrated with IMEC HfOx RRAM experimental data and show that with 8 cells per bit, we can ensure 99.9999% reliability) for a lifetime >10 years at 125°C. We embed the RRAM PUF into SHA-256 and show that the hardware overhead of the proposed RRAM PUF based architecture is significantly lower than one that uses a traditional RRAM PUF with ECC.
Epilepsy and Cognitive Performance

Changes in left temporal interictal epileptiform activity during and after the performance of cognitive tasks are reported in an 18-year-old male with intractable complex partial seizures evaluated at the Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford, UK.
Surgeon-Patient Communications

Orthognathic surgical patients can potentially undergo major and dramatic changes in their appearances. Although these changes are intended to be positive, the patient’s perception of these changes must coincide with those of the surgeon. This is true in both a qualitative and quantitative sense. For purposes of this discussion, qualitative perceptions refer to directions of skeletal displacements, whereas quantitative perceptions refer to the magnitude of such displacements. The ability of the surgeon and the patient to communicate with one another must be present to establish the similarity and/or differences of these aesthetic perceptions. This, in turn, has obvious psychologic implications as it relates to the postoperative emotional adjustments of the patient.
Proposed Terminology for Anal Squamous Lesions: Its Application and Interobserver Agreement Among Pathologists in Academic and Community Hospitals.

Objectives To analyze interobserver reproducibility and compare practice patterns between academic and community settings of Lower Anogenital Squamous Terminology (LAST). Methods In total, 132 anal biopsy slides were revised as well as p16 immunostains. Results LAST was used in 49% of cases (academic center, 68%; satellite hospitals [community practice setting], 32%). After pathology review and consensus interpretation, 23 (17%) case diagnoses were reclassified: eight (34.8%) cases (benign or low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion [LSIL]) were upgraded to high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) (p16 confirmed ordered during review); four (17.4%) cases originally classified as HSIL were downgraded to LSIL (p16 originally ordered in one case). There was no significant difference in discrepancies between original and consensus diagnosis in the community vs academic setting or by subspecialty (gynecological vs gastrointestinal). Overall interobserver agreement among reviewers was substantial (κ = 0.63) and improved with the use of p16 immunostain in challenging cases (κ = 0.71; P < .001). Conclusions This new terminology is not yet uniformly used by pathologists in anal/perianal biopsy specimens; this two-tier system has a good interobserver agreement and is further improved with p16 use in appropriate cases.
Cultural Mistrust and Health Care Utilization: The Effects of a Culturally Responsive Cognitive Intervention:

Cultural mistrust is a critical factor underlying the racial/ethnic disparity in mental health care service utilization. It was hypothesized that there would be a difference in utilization attitudes and intentions before and after exposure to a culturally responsive intervention among individuals with moderate to high levels of cultural mistrust. Two Hundred Thirty-Six students from a predominately Black university participated in this study. This experiment employed a Solomon Four Groups design to assess the effectiveness of a culturally responsive cognitive intervention to neutralize the effects of cultural mistrust on health care attitudes and health care service utilization intentions. The results showed that the intervention was effective in neutralizing cultural mistrust and improving posttest utilization attitudes and intentions among individuals who had high levels of cultural mistrust. It was also found that health care utilization attitudes and intentions were enhanced for individuals with high ...
Restaurant Food Choices by Moms: An Exploratory Study

ABSTRACTRestaurants are always seeking to better understand customer decisions. Mothers are of significance to restaurants as they have a direct influence on others, primarily children and spouses....
Fabrication, detection, and analysis of DNA-labeled PLGA particles for environmental transport studies.

Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) particle carriers of synthetic DNA have recently received increased attention for environmental applications due to their biodegradability, customizability, and nearly limitless number of uniquely identifiable "labels". In this paper, we present methodologies for the preparation of DNA-labeled particles, control of particle size, extraction of DNA-labels, and analysis via quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Characterization and analysis of the DNA-labeled particles reveal spherical particles of diameters ranging from 60 to 1000 nm, with consistent zeta potentials around -45 mV, that are stable to aggregation, even in the presence of concentrated mono- and divalent cations. A highly correlated and consistent relationship between particle concentration and DNA-label count was observed, with a detection range spanning 7 orders of magnitude, from 0.01 to 10,000 mg/L (10-107 particles/μL). The results of two environmental applications of the DNA-labeled particles are also presented, highlighting their feasibility for use in environmental studies. Whether exploring size-dependent transport phenomena or identifying potential pathogen transport pathways, the DNA-labeled particle approach presented here provides a powerful tool for the identification of overlapping particle signals at a range of concentrations.
SUPERCONDUCTIVE ENERGY STORAGE WITH A FLUX PUMP

On a eprouve une bobine de stockage d'energie de 8000 amperes 3000 joules chargee par une pompe a flux a redresseur pleine-onde. l'appareil a 1 m de haut et a un diametre de 33 cm et un poids de 60 kg. Toutes les parties sont concues pour un courant de 16000 A au moins. On discute la limite de 8000 A par rapport au comportement electrique et thermique des elements de commutation de la pompe. On donne les details de la construction de la pompe et de la bobine et l'on examine l'efficacite de pompage et de stockage.
Mythopoetic Spaces in the (Trans)formation of Counselors and Therapists

This chapter explores the mythopoetic dimensions of counselor formation and transformation that have emerged from the author’s doctoral research on the place of spirituality in counselors’ self-narratives, and my experience as a counselor educator. For the purpose of this chapter, “mythopoesis” is seen as a deeper layer in a person’s self-narrative, taking us beyond constructivism and social constructionism to create an inclusive narrative, challenging binaries of sacred and profane, truth and fiction, mythos and logos, individual and collective. Two such mythopoetic narratives are “the passion narrative” and “the liminal narrative”. Although derived from research conversations with counselors, and applied to counselor education and professional development, these mythopoetic narratives have applications for lifelong learning in different contexts.
Advanced Imaging for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Coexistent Renal and Müllerian Abnormalities

Abnormal development of the uterus, cervix, and proximal 2/3 of the vagina results in Mullerian duct anomalies. Because of the close embryologic relationship between the developing female genital and urinary tracts, abnormalities of the urinary tract often accompany Mullerian duct anomalies. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the current gold standard-imaging modality in the evaluation of the anomalies of the female reproductive tract. This article discusses the imaging evaluation of Mullerian duct and accompanying urinary tract anomalies with a particular focus on the MRI findings. Several studies have shown high concordance between MRI and three-dimensional ultrasound (3D US) in the evaluation of Mullerian duct abnormalities. 3D US is more cost effective than MRI but has not yet been fully substantiated as a comparable modality to MRI. Additionally, 3D US does not help elucidate concomitant anomalies of the urologic system. Mullerian duct anomalies are often associated with abnormalities of the urinary tract. Evaluation with MRI is important for the diagnosis of Mullerian duct anomalies and also helps with potential surgical planning.
Passive Voltage Contrast Investigation of Metal/Via Stack Connecting to Substrate

In this paper, a detailed study of passive voltage contrast on a metal/via/active chain ET structure is performed. Both electron-beam and ion-beam based PVC techniques are tried with different experimental settings. It is found that electron-beam based PVC cannot provide significant contrast at the failure site. The ion-beam based PVC successfully isolates the failure location. Moreover, some interesting PVC contrast changes with different settings are also observed. FIB cross section reveals the failure mechanism. Based on the failure mechanism and theoretical models, the observed PVC contrast can be explained.