cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Insights into Transfer Student Programming at a Public Four-Year Institution.

ABSTRACTThis qualitative study explores the demographic and academic profiles alongside self-narrated experiences of transfer students who participated in 1st-year programming at a 4-year institution during the 2014–2015 academic years. Drawing from the lens of transfer student adjustment, the analysis identifies reasons students chose to participate in the programs, how they describe the benefits of the programs, and suggestions they have for improving the programs. The authors conclude with recommendations for research and practice.
On the decidability of the fréchet distance between surfaces

We show that the Frechet distance between two piecewise linear surfaces can be decided in finite time, hence, the problem is decidable. For the special case that one of the surfaces is a triangle, we show that the problem is in PSPACE. In both cases, our computational model is a Turing Machine, and our algorithms rely on Canny's result [STOC 1988] that the existential theory of the real numbers is decidable in PSPACE.
Functions Attached to Geometries

During my talk at a conference in New York, NY, in June 1981, when I was presenting my result with FrancoisMURAT on the characterization of effective properties of mixtures of two isotropic conductors, proving and extending the Hashin–Shtrikman bounds, of which I presented the necessary part in Lemma 21.8, David BERGMAN asked me an interesting question, about the meaning of the sequence An that I used. I answered him as a joke, that it is the same thing as the thermodynamic limit that he used!1 Since I think that many do not perceive well what is homogenization and what is not, and it is important notto confuse his approach with homogenization, I shall be more precise. David BERGMAN is a physicist, and what interested hi was a number, for example the current going through two plates with a difference of potential of 1, the zone between theplates being filled with a mixture of two conductors, or the energy stored in the mixture. Although the domain filled with his mixture was fixed and bounded, he invoked a thermodynamic limit, supposed to be the limit of averages on arbitrarily large balls, so I found it a curious idea for a finite domain! However, I guessed that one could make a correct statement by considering a sequence of mixtures using shorter and shorter characteristic lengths, and I considered that his “argument using a thermodynamic limit” meant that he also considered a sequence of mixtures! Of course, what he was doing is not homogenization, since he did not speak of local properties, and of effective coefficients given by symmetric matrices!
Thermal conductivity of niobium diselenide

Thermal conductivity measurements have been used to study the temperature dependence of the various scattering mechanisms present in single crystals of NbSe in a temperature range from 1 to 10/sup 0/K. Phonons are found to contribute a substantial fraction of the conduction in this temperature range and, in general, the results agree well with standard theoretical models for three-dimensional metals. The presence of van der Waals boundaries beween the layers introduces no significant boundary scattering for phonons. In addition to the usual electron and point defect scattering terms which are present in the phonon conductivity, a term which has a linear temperature dependence was found. This linear term may be caused by stacking fault scattering centers. A linear field dependence of the electrical magnetoresistance is reported and it is suggested this term may arise from magnetic breakdown at energy gaps in the Fermi surface induced by charge-density waves as suggested by Overhauser. It is noted that the ratio of the superconducting to normal state thermal conductivity is consistent with a BCS-like superconducting energy gap.
Wave Propagation in a Layer Containing a Random or Periodic Distribution of Inclusions

Wave propagation through paniculate composites has received an increased amount of attention in recent years. One of the earlier studies on this subject was presented almost 50 years ago. Albert Wolf modeled the motion of a single rigid spherical inclusion in an elastic medium [1]. Later, Mow investigated scattering by a single elastic or fluid inclusion [2]. In 1970, Moon and Mow calculated a cutoff frequency for a random dispersion of rigid spherical inclusions in an elastic medium [3]. The subject of wave propagation through particulate composites was studied experimentally by Kinra, et al. in a series of papers examining dispersive wave propagation through particulate composites with both random and periodic distributions [4–9]. The results from one of these papers, Kinra and Ker [8], are presented in Figures 1 and 2. Figure 1 shows the phase velocity versus frequency for periodic and random steel/PMMA composites. Figure 2 shows the attenuation of the same composites. Notice that phase velocity discontinuities occur at the same frequencies as local peaks in the attenuation.
Stress and impact of spirituality as a mediator of coping methods among social work college students

This exploratory pilot study was conducted to understand the stress level and coping strategies of social work students, with the aim to develop strategies to help students increase their ability t...
DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS TO PROVIDE VALID CONCLUSIONS

Some of the significant factors which an experimenter needs to consider to insure that the design of the experiment, the procedure for carrying it out, and the method of interpreting the results are all valid are discussed in this paper.
Surgical Management of Achalasia: Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy

A novel procedure, combining the decreased invasiveness of endoscopic access with the reliability of a surgical myotomy, peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM), represents a potential paradigm shift in the management of idiopathic achalasia and other esophageal motor disorders. Comprehensive preoperative evaluation by a multidisciplinary team of gastroenterologists and surgeons is essential to confirming candidacy for POEM and appropriately counseling patients on expected outcomes and postoperative outcomes, including the lack of long-term outcome data. The key steps of the procedure are detailed, including initial EGD, safe access to the submucosal space, creation of a submucosal tunnel extending at least 3 cm onto the gastric cardia, selective myotomy of the inner circular muscle fibers, and closure of the mucosotomy. Frequently encountered complications include bleeding, inadvertent mucosotomy, full-thickness perforation, and development of capnothorax and/or capnoperitoneum.
Defending a Leopoldian basis for biodiversity: a response to Newman, Varner, and Linquist

In their book, Defending Biodiversity, Newman, Varner, and Linquist (NVL) cast doubt on whether Leopoldian defenses of biodiversity, in their current form, have been successful. I argue that there is a more accurate interpretation of Leopold that is not subject to the criticisms made by NVL, and that Leopold’s body of work as a whole, including but not limited to the essay “The Land Ethic” in A Sand County Almanac, provides quite a bit of useful guidance and perspective. I begin with a brief summary of some of my own recent work on Leopold. This is intended to orient the reader who is more familiar with J. Baird Callicott’s influential interpretations of Leopold. I then discuss NVL’s Chapter 10 first followed by a discussion of their Chapter 9, responding to their critiques. I then conclude. On the revised interpretation that I have given, Leopold’s land ethic is defended by the method of reflective equilibrium, showing us that the land communities that we are interdependent with have intrinsic value, necessitating preserving their (land) health, which in turn necessitates preserving biodiversity.
Vast diversity of anti-CRISPR proteins predicted with a machine-learning approach

Bacteria and archaea evolve under constant pressure from numerous, diverse viruses and thus have evolved multiple defense systems. The CRISPR-Cas are adaptive immunity systems that have been harnessed for the development of the new generation of genome editing and engineering tools. In the incessant host-parasite arms race, viruses evolved multiple anti-defense mechanisms including numerous, diverse anti-CRISPR proteins (Acrs) that can inhibit CRISPR-Cas and therefore have enormous potential for application as modulators of genome editing tools. Most Acrs are small, highly variable proteins which makes their prediction a formidable task. We developed a machine learning approach for comprehensive Acr prediction. The model showed high predictive power when tested against an unseen test set that included several families of recently discovered Acrs and was employed to predict 2,500 novel candidate Acr families. An examination of the top candidates confirms that they possess typical Acr features. One of the top candidates was independently tested and found to possess anti-CRISPR activity (AcrIIA12). We provide a web resource (http://acrcatalog.pythonanywhere.com/) to access the predicted Acrs sequences and annotation. The results of this analysis expand the repertoire of predicted Acrs almost by two orders of magnitude and provide a rich resource for experimental Acr discovery.
The Effects of Axial Stress on CIGS Solar Cell Performance

This research investigates the effects of axial stress on Copper Indium Gallium Diselenide (CIGS) solar cells through experiments. The axial tensile stress is applied to a CIGS solar cell ranging from 0 to 200 psi with various strain rates: 0.0001, 0.001, 0.01, and 0.1 in/sec as well as various relaxation time: 1min, 5min, and 10 min while the performance of solar cell is measured: Open circuit voltage (Voc), Short circuit current, (Isc), Maximum power (Pmax), and Efficiency (η). From this research, we found several general trends: 1) Short circuit current is higher with larger relaxation time at a given stress 2) Short circuit current increases up to a threshold stress, then decreases as tensile stress increases. The threshold can vary depending on the conditions of solar cells. 3) Open circuit voltage slightly increases as tensile stress increases 4) The rate of Voc increase (the slope of Voc vs. stress curve) is proportional to the relaxation time.
Magnesium intake is inversely associated with the risk of metabolic syndrome in the REasons for geographic and racial differences in stroke (REGARDS) cohort study.

Summary Objective To investigate the longitudinal association between magnesium (Mg) intake and the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Methods Poisson regression models with robust standard error estimation were used to examine the association between total Mg intake and the risk of MetS in 6802 participants aged ≥45 years at baseline in the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study. Dietary data were collected using the modified Block 98 food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) at baseline and incident MetS was diagnosed during follow-up if a participant had three or more of the five components of MetS based on the harmonized definition. Results A total of 1470 participants developed MetS during an average follow-up of 10 years. Comparing the highest quintile of total Mg intake (>437.9 mg/day) to the lowest group ( Conclusion The findings from this study indicate that dietary Mg intake was inversely associated with the risk of MetS. We recommend further studies to explain the underlying mechanisms of action.
Administration of Dexamethasone for Bacterial Meningitis: An Unreliable Quality Measure.

Objective:To validate the use of administrative data to identify patients with bacterial meningitis and quantify the rate of dexamethasone administration as defined in the American Academy of Neuro...
Pomalidomide induced lupus type hypersensitivity reaction

Abstract Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell disease characterized by a clonal proliferation of malignant plasma cells. Pomalidomide, a novel immunomodulating imide drug (IMiD), prolongs survival in relapsed or refractory cases. Cutaneous toxicity is one of the most common side effects of anti-cancer therapy that may even lead to discontinuation of treatment. We report a case of pomalidomide induced cutaneous lupus-like hypersensitivity reaction in a 75-year-old male diagnosed with MM. The patient relapsed on lenalidomide after 7 years. Pomalidomide and ixazomib were considered the next best treatment options. Treatment was complicated by a generalized rash (grade 3) after 2 cycles (3 weeks on and 1 week off cycle). Multiple pink, dusky plaques on the lower back and abdomen, some light pink and edematous areas on the chest, abdomen, neck, and hairline, and a few on arms were seen. The patient did not report pruritis. There was no involvement of the mucosa. Palms and soles were spared. No prior history of a rash with lenalidomide. A punch biopsy showed a moderate number of eosinophils within the inflammatory infiltrate, a finding which favored a lupus-type hypersensitivity reaction rather than true lupus erythematosus or leukemia cutis. Both medications were discontinued, and topical betamethasone was administered. The patient's symptoms resolved in 2 weeks. Ixazomib single-agent therapy was subsequently resumed without any adverse effects. It is essential to differentiate between disease progression itself vs. drug-induced lupus hypersensitivity reaction vs. systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) vs. drug-induced hypersensitivity reaction. Therefore, all such lesions should always be biopsied. Our case study is unique because of the incongruent timeline and because it is unusual to expect such a reaction in a patient who has previously tolerated one such treatment. In our case, punch biopsy showed that the patient had a lupus-like hypersensitivity reaction. Pomalidomide was determined to be the most likely trigger preceding his presentation. Timely identification of the culprit drug is critical. The mainstay of management is to discontinue the drug. In severe cases, systemic steroids can be considered.
HiCBin: Binning metagenomic contigs and recovering metagenome-assembled genomes using Hi-C contact maps

Abstract Recovering high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) from complex microbial ecosystems remains challenging. Conventional shotgun-based binning approaches may encounter barriers when multiple samples are scarce. Recently, high-throughput chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) has been applied to simultaneously study multiple genomes in natural microbial communities. Several Hi-C-based binning pipelines have been put forward and yielded state-of-the-art results using a single sample. We conclude that normalization and clustering are two vital steps in the Hi-C-based binning analyses, and develop HiCBin, a novel open-source pipeline, to resolve high-quality MAGs utilizing Hi-C contact maps. HiCBin employs the HiCzin normalization method and the Leiden community detection algorithm based on the Potts spin-glass model and includes the spurious contact detection into binning pipelines for the first time. Using the metagenomic yeast sample with a perfect ground truth of contigs’ species identity, we comprehensively evaluate the impacts on the binning performance of different normalization methods and clustering algorithms from the HiCBin and other available metagenomic Hi-C analysis pipelines, demonstrate that the HiCzin and the Leiden algorithm achieve the best binning accuracy, and show that the spurious contact detection can improve the retrieval performance. We also validate our method and compare the capability to recover high-quality MAGs of HiCBin against other state-of-the-art Hi-C-based binning tools including ProxiMeta, bin3C, and MetaTOR, and one popular shotgun-based binning software MetaBAT2 on a human gut sample and a wastewater sample. HiCBin provides the best performance and applicability in resolving MAGs and is available at https://github.com/dyxstat/HiCBin.
John R. Commons: Selected Essays

First published in 2004. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company. John R Commons is one of the most significnat figures in the development of American economics. One of the founders of the institutional school, Commons developed theories which continue to influnece the evolution of capitalsim and of instituitional change. These volumes collect for the first time, his major essays and articles.
Oxidant membrane injury by the neutrophil myeloperoxidase system. II. Injury by stimulated neutrophils and protection by lipid-soluble antioxidants.

The stimulated human neutrophil can damage a variety of target cells, and in some models, a mechanism involving secretion of myeloperoxidase and H2O2 has been demonstrated. We explored the characteristics of this cell-cell interaction by using neutrophils and our recently described liposome model target cell system. Exposure of 51Cr-labeled liposomes to phorbol myristate acetate-stimulated human neutrophils resulted in release of 25 to 30% of the radioactivity. 51Cr release was abrogated by omission of the neutrophils, the phorbol ester or halide (iodide), replacement of the phorbol by an inactive congener, or addition of azide, cyanide, or catalase. Neutrophils from patients with hereditary absence of myeloperoxidase (MPO) or a failure of H2O2 formation (chronic granulomatous disease) did not cause liposome lysis unless purified MPO or a source of H2O2, respectively, was added. These data indicate that 51Cr release from liposomes is a consequence of the secretion of MPO and H2O2, which combine with extracellular halides to form a membrane lytic system. The influence of liposome composition on injury was then examined, with a focus on physiologically relevant lipid soluble antioxidants. Liposomes containing either alpha-tocopherol (0.33 to 1.67% of molar fraction of lipid) or beta-carotene (1.67% of molar fraction of lipid) were markedly resistant to lysis by the cellfree MPO-H2O2-chloride system. When the major structural lipid phosphatidyl choline was replaced by dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline, a synthetic phospholipid with no oxidizable double bonds, the resultant liposomes were totally resistant to lysis by the MPO-H2O2-chloride system. The addition of iodide to this system (i.e., both chloride and iodide present) changed the pattern of protection dramatically in that alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene were no longer protective and the resistance of dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline liposomes was partial rather than complete. In contrast to iodide, the addition of bromide or thiocyanate did not have a major effect on the protection by antioxidants. Finally, we demonstrated protection by alpha-tocopherol or dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline against liposome lysis by phorbol-activated neutrophils. These studies illustrate the use of model phospholipid membranes in the characterization of oxygen-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Activated neutrophils lyse liposome targets through a MPO-dependent mechanism. Target properties, especially the content of lipid-soluble antioxidants, have a marked influence on susceptibility to lysis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Galileo Net Flux Radiometer Report 1997

On 7 December 1995, the Galileo probe entered Jupiter's atmosphere. The Net Flux Radiometer (NFR) on board the probe, measured upward and downward fluxes in the visible and infrared. At the University of Arizona, we have analyzed the data from the two visible-light channels, as well as the solar contributions to the thermal channels. The results are being prepared for submission to JGR in early September.
The Role of Sulfhydryl Groups in the Catalytic Function of Isocitrate Dehydrogenase II. EFFECT OF N-ETHYLMALEIMIDE ON KINETIC PROPERTIES

Abstract Dehydrogenase and decarboxylase activity are both lost as a result of incubation of TPN-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase with N-ethylmaleimide (NEM). The rate of inactivation is decreased 450-fold by isocitrate in the presence of MnSO4, indicating a specific reaction at the active site of the enzyme. No other substrates or coenzymes significantly decrease the reaction rate, although TPNH plus MnSO4 have been shown to protect against the reaction of essential sulfhydryl groups of the enzyme with 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid). The larger derivative of NEM, N-(4-dimethylamino-3,5-dinitrophenyl)maleimide, also inactivates the enzyme, but protection in that case is provided by TPNH plus MnSO4, suggesting that steric factors may account for the different results with the three reagents. Inactive NEM-enzyme retains the ability to bind 1 mole each of radioactive isocitrate and α-ketoglutarate. Inactivation must therefore be attributed to disruption of a catalytic step subsequent to the adsorption of these substrates. Partially inactive NEM-enzymes exhibit a 3- to 4-fold increase in the Michaelis constants for isocitrate and oxalosuccinate, whereas the Km values for other substrates are normal. In addition, an increase of 0.3 logarithmic unit is noted in the pK of an essential ionizable group in the enzyme-substrate complex. Enzyme incubated with NEM in the presence of isocitrate and manganous ions retains full activity but still exhibits abnormal Km and pK values. Reaction of 1 functional group (A) may thus be responsible for inactivation, while modification of a second group (B) may cause the changes in the kinetic parameters.
A covalently constrained congener of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae tridecapeptide mating pheromone is an agonist.

Abstract An analog of alpha-factor, the Saccharomyces cerevisiae tridecapeptide mating pheromone (Trp-His-Trp-Leu-Gln-Leu-Lys-Pro-Gly-Gln-Pro-Met-Tyr), in which the side chains of Lys7 and Gln10 were covalently linked, was synthesized using solid phase methodologies. The yield of the purified cyclic analog cyclo7,10[Nle12]alpha-factor was 30%, and its structure was verified by amino acid analysis, peptide sequencing, fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry, and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Cyclo7,10[Nle12]alpha-factor caused growth arrest and morphological alterations in S. cerevisiae MATa cells qualitatively identical to those induced by linear pheromone and was one-fourth to one-twentieth as active as the linear alpha-factor depending upon the S. cerevisiae strain tested. Consistent with the relative activities of the linear and cyclic peptides, binding competition studies indicated that cyclo7,10[Nle12]alpha-factor had approximately 20-40-fold less affinity for the alpha-factor receptor. Hydrolysis of the cyclic peptide by the target cells did not lead to opening of the ring and was less rapid than that of linear alpha-factor. The alpha-factor antagonist des-Trp1-[Ala3,Nle12]alpha-factor reversed the activity of the cyclic analog, and cyclo7,10[Nle12]alpha-factor was not active at the restrictive temperature in a temperature-sensitive receptor mutant. These results support the conclusion that the cyclic alpha-factor occupies the same binding site within the receptor as is occupied by the natural pheromone. The cyclic alpha-factor represents a rare example of an agonist among covalently constrained congeners of small linear peptide messengers.
National chronic respiratory disease mortality study: I. Prevalence and severity at death of chronic respiratory diseases in the united states, 1963

Abstract The certifiers of 3193 U.S. deaths, aged 35–74, were queried by mail on the presence and severity of several chronic respiratory diseases (excluding tuberculosis, lung cancer and occupational pneumoconioses), in order to evaluate published vital statistics which indicate a marked increase since 1950 in the U.S. death rate from these diseases. The prevalence at death of the chronic respiratory diseases was found to be more than nine tunes greater than its underlying cause death rate. It was also found that U.S. death certifiers in 1963 listed on the death certificates only half of the severe chronic respiratory disease present at death, suggesting that vital statistics based on death certificates may seriously underestimate the contribution of chronic respiratory diseases to U.S. deaths. Such epidemiologic observations on the chronic respiratory diseases as their rapidly increasing U.S. mortality rate, their relatively small contribution to mortality in the U.S. when compared to the U.K., and their relatively high mortality rates in several states could be statistical artifacts arising from variation in habits of death certification.
Programming with Sets: An Introduction to SETL

The programming language SETL is a relatively new member of the so-called "very-high-level" class of languages, some of whose other well-known mem bers are LISP, APL, SNOBOL, and PROLOG. These languages all aim to reduce the cost of programming, recognized today as a main obstacle to future progress in the computer field, by allowing direct manipulation of large composite objects, considerably more complex than the integers, strings, etc., available in such well-known mainstream languages as PASCAL, PL/I, ALGOL, and Ada. For this purpose, LISP introduces structured lists as data objects, APL introduces vectors and matrices, and SETL introduces the objects characteristic for it, namely general finite sets and maps. The direct availability of these abstract, composite objects, and of powerful mathematical operations upon them, improves programmer speed and pro ductivity significantly, and also enhances program clarity and readability. The classroom consequence is that students, freed of some of the burden of petty programming detail, can advance their knowledge of significant algorithms and of broader strategic issues in program development more rapidly than with more conventional programming languages."
The Ethics of Care, Dependence, and Disability

According to the most important theories of justice, personal dignity is closely related to independence, and the care that people with disabilities receive is seen as a way for them to achieve the greatest possible autonomy. However, human beings are naturally subject to periods of dependency, and people without disabilities are only "temporarily abled." Instead of seeing assistance as a limita- tion, we consider it to be a resource at the basis of a vision of society that is able to account for inevitable dependency relationships between "unequals" ensuring a fulfilling life both for the carer and the cared for.** 1. Preface People with disabilities continue to suffer from discrimination in jobs, education, and housing, and are deprived of capabilities as basic as the freedom to move about. Even in aspects of life such as friendships, disabled people, especially if they are cognitively disabled, find themselves excluded (Reinders, 2008). Disability is in search of an ethics that will both articulate the harms faced by people with disabilities—discrimination that threatens dignity as well as well-being—and offer moral resources for redress.
The Interplay of Reality and Memory in RK Narayan's Memoir My Days

Writing about the self is a daunting task as it represents its writer’s life as a large matrix of his personality, age, culture and society. It unfolds a life pattern reshaped by recollections, omissions and distortions with the interplay of memory functioning at various levels of existence. This paper provides a glimpse of the uncomplicated life of one of the 20th century’s literary giants, R K Narayan, by analyzing his memoir My Days. The paper highlights various stages of evolution of the self and studies the dynamics of memory that has produced many memorable characters along with the imaginary world of ‘Malgudi’. The paper delineates Narayan’s consciousness as he goes through the arduous process of experimenting with artistic techniques creating his fascinating fictional world. This study also unfolds the making of a sensitive and prolific writer R K Narayan, whose objectivity has made his works appear as psycho anatomies at the realistic level. The thrust is on the different phases of Narayan’s life that give a clear impression of his genius. The paper also brings to light several situations of his life in which he exhibited immense determination in pursuing what his heart desired.
Free energy landscapes for colloidal crystal assembly

We compute free energy landscapes (FELs) for tunable depletion attraction between micron sized colloids for which the potentials, microscopic phase behavior, and microstructure have been directly measured in previous work. Umbrella sampling in conjunction with NVT Monte Carlo (MC) simulations is used to construct FELs that capture important fluid and crystalline states observed in Stokesian Dynamic (SD) and Brownian Dynamic (BD) simulations using the same depletion potential. Order parameters are identified to produce 1D and 2D FELs at different levels of attraction that indicate transition states and local minima along assembly trajectories towards a perfect FCC crystal. Our results demonstrate a modeling approach that could be used in conjunction with microscopic sensing and actuation (e.g. tunable attraction) to obtain low-defect, single domain, colloidal crystals.
Damage Identification of a Gear Transmission Using Vibration Signatures

Important advancements in preventive maintenance of rotor-craft gear transmission systems are currently being sought for the development of an accurate machine health diagnostic system. Such a diagnostic system would use vibration or acoustic signals from the gear transmission system for (1) rapid on-line evaluation of gear wear or damage status, will (2) prediction of remaining gear life. Such health diagnostic capabilities would be essential for effective machine event/life management and advance warning before critical component failures. This paper demonstrates the use of vibration signature analysis procedures for health monitoring and diagnostics of a gear transmission system. The procedures used in this paper include (i) the numerical simulation of the dynamics of a gear transmission system with single and multiple tooth damage, (ii) the application of the Wigner-Ville Distribution (WVD) and the Wavelet transform in damage identification and quantification of damaged tooth based on the numerically generated vibration signal, and (iii) the application of both WVD and the Wavelet transform on experimental data at various stage of gear failure obtained from an accelerated gear damage test rig. This paper demonstrates that the developed signature analysis procedure can successfully detect faulty gears in both numerically simulated and experimental tested transmission system. General conclusions on identification and quantification of gear tooth damage are drawn based on the results of this study.
Ulocladium systematics revisited: phylogeny and taxonomic status

The genus Ulocladium represents phaeodictyosporic Hyphomycetes that produce conidia that are essentially obovoid in shape. Previous molecular studies that included Ulocladium and related taxa in Alternaria, Embellisia, and Stemphylium revealed a conflict between morphology and phylogeny, and Ulocladium was supported as polyphyletic with a paraphyletic core group. Moreover, the genus consistently resolved within a larger Alternaria/Ulocladium clade, resulting in paraphyly of Alternaria and questions as to the taxonomic status of Ulocladium. In the present study, 13 Ulocladium species and three genetic loci were included for a more comprehensive systematic analysis of the genus than had previously been conducted. Total genomic DNA was extracted from representative taxa and sequences were determined for the nuclear internal transcribed spacer region, including the 5.8S rDNA gene, and the protein-coding genes glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and Alt a1. Subsequent phylogenetic analyses based on maximum parsimony and Bayesian methods included related Alternaria, Embellisia, and Stemphylium spp. Results supported previous findings of polyphyletic and paraphyletic relationships of Ulocladium among other taxa. Ten Ulocladium species clustered into a core Ulocladium clade and all taxa possessed the key diagnostic feature of Ulocladium, namely, conidia essentially obovoid in shape. However, A. cheiranthi and E. indefessa also clustered within this group with high bootstrap support but did not posses this diagnostic feature. This paraphyletic clade resolved basal to the core Alternaria clade with high bootstrap support, unlike previous studies in which its position was imbedded within the primary Alternaria clade. Thus, the status of the genus as an independent lineage and a unique taxon is strongly supported. As previously reported, U. alternariae and U. oudemansii, which posses the key conidium characteristics of Ulocladium, clustered as a separate clade sister to the core Ulocladium clade. Further studies are necessary to determine if these taxa represent an independent lineage or share a common ancestor with other Ulocladium species. Obovoid conidia were poorly represented in the isolate of U. lanuginosum that was included in these analyses (the only U. lanuginosum isolate currently available), and the isolate resolved as A. radicina based upon all three loci sequenced. Based upon these data and the origin of the isolate, which was originally deposited as A. malvae, a reassessment of its identity is supported.
Learning from abandoned information systems development projects

Survey research is used to determine what kind of post-mortem appraisals companies undertake concerning their abandoned IS development projects. The data suggest that most organizations do not keep records of their failed projects and do not make any formal effort to understand what went wrong or attempt to learn from their failed projects. A learning paradigm is suggested which companies could use as a guide to undertake post-mortem analysis of their abandoned IS development projects.
Eliciting Formal Operations.

There is considerable disagreement concerning the age of onset and universality ,..)f attainment of Piaget's stage of formal operations. This study examines developmental differences in response to brief prompts in the use of a formal operational approach to the solution of two tasks. The subjects were 10 males and 10 females from each of Grades 5, 8, and 12. Three tasks requiring the formal operational skill of separating and testing variables were given to each subject. Results suggest that almost all the subjects could readily'understand and utilize the approach of separating variables and tescing each one while holding all others constant. Furthermore, the results support Piaget's claim that formal operations are available to nearly all normal young adults. Implications for the development of logical competence are discussed. (SJL) *********************************************************************** Documents acquired by ERIC include many informal unpublished * materials not available from other sources. ERIC makes every effort * * to obtain the best copy available. Nevertheless, items of marginal * * reproducibility are often encountered and this affects the quality * * of the microfiche and hatdcopy reproductions ERIC makes available * * via the ERIC Document Reproduction Service (EDRS). EDRS is not * responsible for the quality of the original document. Reproductions * * supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original. *********************************************************************** ^ Eliciting Formal Operations Fred W. Danner and Mary Carol Day Learning Research and Developrnent Center University of Pittsburgh U S. OEPARTME NT OF HEALTH, EOUCATION & WELFARE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION THIS 00CUMENT HAS BEEN REPRODUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGINATING IT POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS STATED CIO NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EOUCATION POSITION OR POLICY Two formal operations tasks were presented to children from grades five, eight, and twelve--first, in the open-ended fashion used by Inhelder and Piaget and then with prompts in the use of a formal operational strategy. None of the young subjects and less than half of the older subjects were able to solve the first task on their own. A few of the younger subjects and nearly all of the adolescents, however, performed at a formal operational level on a transfer task. Eliciting formal operations by prompting and then measuring transfer appears to be a promising method for assessing logical compe-
Astrophysics: Recipe for regularity.

A detailed astrophysical model has been laid out that not only reproduces the far-infrared–radio correlation for galaxies that are actively forming stars, but also predicts how the correlation is modified at high redshift.
Validation of an instrument to measure service-orientation

Abstract Hogan, Hogan, and Busch (1984: 167) define service-orientation as “the disposition to be helpful, thoughtful, considerate, and cooperative.” To measure this construct they developed the Service Orientation Index (SOI), an 87-item true false questionnaire. The purpose of the present study was to test whether or not a biodata inventory could also be used to measure the service-orientation construct. Subjects were given the inventory in order to predict their service-oriented performance in a simulated customer interaction. The service-orientation ratings were consistently highly correlated with three topical scales: “the need to make a good impression,” “sociability,” and “helpfulness.” The correlations of these scales with service-orientation were as high or higher than those generally obtained with the SOI; and thus, it was concluded that service-orientation may effectively be measured by biodata.
Chromatic substitution with stabilized images: evidence for chromatic-specific pattern processing in the human visual system.

Abstract Four experiments were reported which investigated the effect of adaptation to chromaticpattern borders on the visibility of stabilized lines of the same or different color. It was shown that adaptation to colored luminance borders decreases the visibility of stabilized lines of the same color but does not effect the visibility of luminance borders of sufficiently different color. The interocular transfer of this chromatic-specific, pattern-specific adaptation suggests that cortical analytic mechanisms specific to both pattern and color were adapted.
Students' Choices in Portuguese Higher Education: Influences and Motivations.

Students face significant pressures in their decision about their career plan. These pressures are simultaneously internal and external, personal and social, individual and from the reference group. The present paper aims at understanding the reasons driving students' choices, perceived needs, and aspirations. Moreover, it discusses the major influences/pressures of the student's choice and tries to understand how choice is affected by the students' socioeconomic and cultural background and other factors such as institutional reputation or “professional heritage.” The construction of the career plan is analyzed by applying a qualitative analysis methodology through content analysis of the freshmen discourses. The results point out the relevance of social status, intelligence, gender, competences, values, and interests of each person for the construction of his/her career plan. All these levels are highly influenced by self-esteem, which is closely related to the social value of career options and paths. The more central the variable self-esteem is, the less susceptible it will become to change other variables such as educational level, profession accessibility, or gender adequacy.
Taxonomy of Eurylophella coxalis (McDunnough) with notes on larval habitat and behavior (Ephemeroptera:Ephemerellidae)

AbstractLarval stages have been associated for all of the known species of Eurylophella in eastern North America except for E. coxalis. The larva of E. coxalis is described herein from a reared series of specimens. Adults are redescribed and eggs are described for the 1st time, as are notes on larval habitat and behavior. Association of E. coxalis completes our knowledge of the life stages of a presumed different species, Dentatella bartoni, which was previously known only from the larval stage. This larva is now determined to be the larval stage of E. coxalis. Further, characters used to diagnose Dentatella danutae have shown that this taxon is not different from what has been called D. bartoni. Thus, Dentatella bartoni (Allen) and D. danutae McCafferty are now placed as subjective junior synonyms of E. coxalis. A conservative criterion requiring that apomorphic characters be discernable in both larval and adult life stages is proposed for recognizing mayfly genera when knowledge of life stages and/or th...
Large, coherent, submarine landslide associated with Pan-African foreland flexure

The Ombonde detachment is a primary low-angle normal fault that developed in an undeformed Neoproterozoic carbonate shelf succession as it entered a west-dipping Pan-African subduction zone. The fault is mappable from the top of the shelf succession to the granitic basement surface at a paleodepth of 1.5 km, and the hanging wall has not been significantly deformed. The primary fault geometry is well constrained by stratigraphic cutoff relationships, irrespective of secondary rotations. The dip direction of the fault was ~270°, and its horizontal separation was 15‐18 km. The fault plane is composed of two ramps separated by a long flat segment at a paleodepth of 0.55 km. The ramps are inclined 8°‐14° relative to the carbonate strata, which underwent little or no compaction, and the mean cutoff angle overall is 1.3°. Given constraints on the contemporaneous tectonic setting, the primary fault dips must equal the stratigraphic cutoff angles augmented by a taper angle for lithospheric flexure of not more than 4°. Primary mean dips of 200 m, which would have significantly reduced the water load and thereby the normal stress on a subhorizontal plane, possibly leading to excess pore-fluid pressures. This scenario is consistent with the virtual absence of macroscopic shear deformation adjacent to the fault plane.
Use of Interview and Observation to Clarify Reported Practices of Head Start Staff Concerning Problem Behavior: Implications for Programs and Training.

This study used interviews and classroom observation to follow up a survey of 78 Head Start staff from five programs in the mid-Atlantic region. The purpose of the study was to collect additional details about administrator and staff needs in regard to addressing children’s challenging behavior in order to design a PBS in-service intervention. Interviews were conducted with 45 adults from the same preschool sample, and direct observation occurred in 10 classrooms. Similar to prior survey results, it was found that interview respondents (a) listed externalizing behaviors as the predominant challenging behavior, (b) identified prevention and replacement methods for addressing problem behavior, and (c) indicated that families of children with challenging behavior were given opportunities to be involved in intervention planning and implementation. However, interview and observation results further exposed the use of reactive practices and revealed five primary barriers to addressing children’s challenging beh...
An open-label study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of tissue plasminogen activator in treatment of severe frostbite.

Background: Severe frostbite can have devastating consequences with loss of limbs and digits. One of the mechanisms of cold injury to human tissue is vascular thrombosis. The effect of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and heparin in limb and digit preservation in severe frostbite patients has not been previously studied. Methods: Intra-arterial (6 patients) or intravenous (i.v., 13 patients) tPA and IV heparin were used in patients with severe frostbite. All patients between January 1, 1989 and February 1, 2003 with severe frostbite not improved by rapid rewarming, with absent Doppler pulses in distal limb or digits, without perfusion by Technetium (Tc) 99m three-phase bone scan, and no contraindication to tPA use were eligible. Efficacy was assessed on the basis of predicted digit amputation before therapy, given the clinical and Tc-99m scan results, versus partial or complete digits removed. Results: There were no complications with i.v. tPA. Two patients with intra-arterial TPA had bleeding complications. We know from historical Tc-99m scan data which digits were at risk for amputation. In this study, there were 174 digits at risk in 18 patients and only 33 were amputated. Conclusion: Intravenous tPA and heparin after rapid rewarming is safe and reduced predicted digit amputations considerably. Patients with no response to thrombolytic therapy were those with more than 24 hours of cold exposure, warm ischemia times greater than 6 hours, or evidence of multiple freeze-thaw cycles. Our algorithm for treatment of severe frostbite now includes use of i.v. tPA for patients without contraindications.
Complexity Evolution Across Dissimilar System Components

Abstract This work is motivated by a prior case study of user driven changes to combat aircraft that was researched by the authors. The study found that the initial changes were of seemingly low complexity, yet, follow-on integration required significantly more schedule (years versus months) and cost to implement. Focusing solely on the hardware and its functions revealed a disproportionate increase in complexity for minimal functional gain. However, expanding the system to consider the user revealed a trade-off between user workload and system complexity. The initial system functional gain was achieved by a combination of low complexity hardware modifications and an increase in the aircrew from 6 to 11; the subsequent generation involved extensive hardware integration and reduced aircrew requirements to 7. The existing design literature is quite extensive on the measurement of system complexity, particularly to better control design schedule and cost, with a tight focus on single types of system components (e.g. hardware or software). The literature does not provide a good means to capture this observed exchange that occurred between dissimilar components. In this paper, we present a method for considering the interactions amongst dissimilar system components and the changes in complexity as the system evolves. This method leverages existing Multi-Domain-Matrices (MDM) techniques, but unlike previous work, treats humans-in-the-loop as components that accomplish system functions. To illustrate the utility of this method, it is applied to a toy example, the making of egg foam with culinary hardware of varying complexity. In holding the overall function constant, the analysis method clearly demonstrates an exchange between human and hardware functions as the hardware grew in complexity. Future application of this method will consider more complex systems, specifically the case that drove this line of thought. It is anticipated that application of this method to the case in question will clarify the mechanisms that drove system complexity increases in the second generation aircraft technology. It is also anticipated that this method will aid in the consideration of the trades that occur between dissimilar system components, thus enabling better management of overall system complexity.