cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Resuscitation and arterial blood gas abnormalities during prolonged cardiopulmonary resuscitation

A study was undertaken to determine the pattern of arterial blood gas (ABG) concentration in the canine model undergoing prolonged cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) from fibrillatory arrest, and to determine the importance of acid base abnormalities in predicting resuscitation. Ventricular fibrillation was induced electrically in 12 dogs. CPR was begun at 3 minutes and continued for 27 minutes, at which time the dogs were defibrillated. ABG samples were taken at 0, 8, 18, and 28 minutes of ventricular fibrillation. Seven of the 12 dogs were resuscitated successfully. There was no difference in pH, PCO2, or PO2 between the survivors and nonsurvivors at any of the points measured. A pattern of pH and PCO2 abnormalities was noted in each dog over 30 minutes. Each developed a respiratory alkalosis that peaked at 8 minutes. During the next 22 minutes the pH gradually declined. This combination of respiratory alkalosis and metabolic acidosis resulted in normalization of the pH at about 18 minutes of fibrillation. We concluded that when adequate ventilation is provided in the canine model undergoing CPR, significant arterial acidemia does not occur for at least 18 minutes. Further, acid base abnormalities did not correlate with successful resuscitation.
Response Profiles of Flame-Retardant Fabric Hand

The assessment of fabric hand is influenced by three variables—namely: products, evaluators, and end-uses. In this study the influence of perceiver variable on the hand preference of flame-retardant fabrics for children's sleepwear was evaluated. Subject hand ratings and response profiles as indices of perceiver preference were analyzed. The response profile was determined as a linear function of three stimulus values of flexural rigidity, coefficient of friction, and compact ness and subject hand rating. The results of the response profiles indicated that all three panel groups chose roughness for all four categories of test fabrics. Softness was preferred for all instances except for the medium-weight woven category by homemaker and student groups. For compactness-openness, the trained panel chose compactness for the flannels, wovens, and knit category, whereas homemaker and student groups chose openness for the plain wovens. knits, and overall sleep wear category.
Channel Size Conversion of Phi29 DNA-Packaging Nanomotor for Discrimination of Single- and Double-Stranded Nucleic Acids

Nanopores have been utilized to detect the conformation and dynamics of polymers, including DNA and RNA. Biological pores are extremely reproducible at the atomic level with uniform channel sizes. The channel of the bacterial virus phi29 DNA-packaging motor is a natural conduit for the transportation of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) and has the largest diameter among the well-studied biological channels. The larger channel facilitates translocation of dsDNA and offers more space for further channel modification and conjugation. Interestingly, the relatively large wild-type channel, which translocates dsDNA, cannot detect single-stranded nucleic acids (ssDNA or ssRNA) under the current experimental conditions. Herein, we reengineered this motor channel by removing the internal loop segment of the channel. The modification resulted in two classes of channels. One class was the same size as the wild-type channel, while the other class had a cross-sectional area about 60% of the wild-type. This smaller channel ...
Perceptions of and willingness to engage in public health precautions to prevent 2009 H1N1 influenza transmission

Background Recommendations about precautionary behaviors are a key part of public health responses to infectious disease threats such as the 2009 H1N1 pandemic. Individuals' interpretation of recommendations, willingness to comply, and factors predicting willingness were examined.
Evidence that both ligand binding and covalent adaptation drive a two-state equilibrium in the aspartate receptor signaling complex.

The transmembrane aspartate receptor of bacterial chemotaxis regulates an associated kinase protein in response to both attractant binding to the receptor periplasmic domain and covalent modification of four adaptation sites on the receptor cytoplasmic domain. The existence of at least 16 covalent modification states raises the question of how many stable signaling conformations exist. In the simplest case, the receptor could have just two stable conformations (“on” and “off”) yielding the two-state behavior of a toggle-switch. Alternatively, covalent modification could incrementally shift the receptor between many more than two stable conformations, thereby allowing the receptor to function as a rheostatic switch. An important distinction between these models is that the observed functional parameters of a toggle-switch receptor could strongly covary as covalent modification shifts the equilibrium between the on- and off-states, due to population-weighted averaging of the intrinsic on- and off-state parameters. By contrast, covalent modification of a rheostatic receptor would create new conformational states with completely independent parameters. To resolve the toggle-switch and rheostat models, the present study has generated all 16 homogeneous covalent modification states of the receptor adaptation sites, and has compared their effects on the attractant affinity and kinase activity of the reconstituted receptor–kinase signaling complex. This approach reveals that receptor covalent modification modulates both attractant affinity and kinase activity up to 100-fold, respectively. The regulatory effects of individual adaptation sites are not perfectly additive, indicating synergistic interactions between sites. The three adaptation sites at positions 295, 302, and 309 are more important than the site at position 491 in regulating attractant affinity and kinase activity, thereby explaining the previously observed dominance of the former three sites in in vivo studies. The most notable finding is that covalent modification of the adaptation sites alters the receptor attractant affinity and the receptor-regulated kinase activity in a highly correlated fashion, strongly supporting the toggle-switch model. Similarly, certain mutations that drive the receptor into the kinase activating state are found to have correlated effects on attractant affinity. Together these results provide strong evidence that chemotaxis receptors possess just two stable signaling conformations and that the equilibrium between these pure on- and off-states is modulated by both attractant binding and covalent adaptation. It follows that the attractant and adaptation signals drive the same conformational change between the two settings of a toggle. An approach that quantifies the fractional occupancy of the on- and off-states is illustrated.
Emotion Deficits in People with Schizophrenia

Translational research on emotion in schizophrenia has revealed deficits in emotion perception and expression, as well as intact areas, including emotional experience and brain activation in the presence of emotionally evocative material. Yet, a closer look at emotional experience reveals that all is not well in the experience domain. People with schizophrenia have difficulty anticipating emotional events and maintaining or savoring their emotional experiences, as evidenced in behavioral, psychophysiological, and brain imaging studies. Furthermore, people with schizophrenia have difficulty integrating emotion perception with context and reporting on feelings that are differently valenced than presented emotional stimuli. Differences in brain activation are typically observed in areas tightly coupled with cognitive control, such as the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and thus the latest research on emotion in schizophrenia explicitly integrates emotion and cognition. Translational research holds promise to identify when in the course of the disorder emotion deficits emerge and to develop more effective interventions for schizophrenia.
Lights, Microscope, Action!

Like photographers examining their proofs for that perfect image, pathologists often seek the optimized image of fixed biopsy tissues to identify pathology and make the diagnosis. But, what if biopsy tissues could be imaged in real time while the cells were still alive with their cellular functions intact? Such capability would be invaluable to organ donation and transplantation, when time-critical evaluation of organ health can make the difference between success and failure. Ashraf and colleagues demonstrated that live imaging of fresh biopsies is indeed possible and can yield important information regarding tissue injury and health. They used fluorescent live-tissue staining combined with spinning disk confocal microscopy to image the cellular function of living rat and mouse kidney tissue biopsies. Biopsy tissues were first exposed to cell permeation and cold storage and imaged by using a combination of reporter stains, which highlighted cellular structure and cell viability. As expected, living and dead cells were easily distinguished before and after membrane permeation and exposure to cold. Subtle cellular injury was also identified by using a kidney ischemia-reperfusion model in which the blood vessels feeding one kidney were clamped for 35 min and released, while the opposite kidney served as a healthy control. Again, fine-needle biopsies were obtained from both kidneys, and images were obtained within 30 min by using living confocal microscopy techniques. Increased reactive oxygen species and collapse of intracellular mitochondrial membrane potentials were seen in living tissue taken from the damaged kidney. Quantification of cellular function and its relevance to whole-organ function will need to be integrated into this real-time imaging technique before it can be applied to transplant surgery. Nevertheless, using live confocal imaging to evaluate organ function will continue to advance the field of transplant medicine. M. I. Ashraf et al. , Biopsychronology: Live confocal imaging of biopsies to assess organ function. Transpl. Int. 27 , 868–876 (2014). [[Abstract]][1] [1]: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/enhanced/doi/10.1111/tri.12338/
All-optical 160-Gb/s phase reconstructing wavelength conversion using cross-phase modulation (XPM) in dispersion-shifted fiber

Wavelength conversion using cross-phase modulation in dispersion-shifted fiber at 160 Gb/s is demonstrated. It is shown for the first time that the converter reconstructs the phase of the input signal, an important property for transmission of 160-Gb/s data. The bit-error rate of the converted channels is measured to be better than 10/sup -9/ with a power penalty of <3 dB and in some cases negative compared to the original unconverted optical time-division-multiplexing signal across all 16/spl times/10-Gb/s channels.
Scintillation Counting of C14-Labeled Paper Chromatograms

If one is faced with the problem of determining the distribution of radioactivity in a paper chromatogram, there are several assay techniques available. The chromatogram may be scanned in a strip counter and the radioactivity estimated by measuring areas under each peak or by use of an electronic integrator [1]. The paper strip can also be cut into appropriate sections and the radioactivity of each section determined under a Geiger counter. Depending on the thickness of the paper, the counting efficiency of these techniques is in the range of 3–10%. More serious than the inefficiency is the variation in efficiency, which makes quantitation difficult.
Shape-shifting and tumor suppression by PLZF

Received: April 29, 2010 , Accepted: April 30, 2010 , Published: May 4, 2010 // Abstract The promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger (PLZF) transcription factor is directly implicated in tumor suppression although the relevant target genes remain poorly defined. Shi et al. now implicate smooth muscle α-actin and changes in cytoskeletal architecture as key downstream targets of PLZF in opposing cellular transformation.
Thermophysical and mechanical properties of novel polymers prepared by the cationic copolymerization of fish oils, styrene and divinylbenzene

Abstract New polymeric materials have been prepared from the cationic copolymerization of fish oil ethyl ester (NFO), conjugated fish oil ethyl ester (CFO) or triglyceride fish oil (TFO) with styrene and divinylbenzene initiated by boron trifluoride diethyl etherate (BF3·OEt2). These materials are typical thermosetting polymers with crosslink densities ranging from 1.1×102 to 2.5×10 3 mol / m 3 . The thermogravimetric analysis of the new fish oil polymers exhibits three distinct decomposition stages at 200–340, 340–500 and >500°C, respectively, with the maximum weight loss rate at approximately 450°C. Single glass-transition temperatures of Tg=30–109°C have been obtained for the fish oil polymers. As expected, these new polymeric materials exhibit tensile stress–strain behavior ranging from soft rubbers through ductile to relatively brittle plastics. The Young's modulus (E) of these materials varies from 2 to 870 MPa, the ultimate tensile strength (σb) varies from 0.4 to 42.6 MPa, and the percent elongation at break (ϵb) varies from 2 to 160%. The failure topography indicates typical fracture mechanisms of rigid thermosets, and the unique fibrillation on the fracture surface gives rise to relatively high mechanical properties for the corresponding NFO polymer. The new fish oil polymers not only exhibit thermophysical and mechanical properties comparable to petroleum-based rubbery materials and conventional plastics, but also possess more valuable properties, such as good damping and shape memory behavior, which most petroleum-based polymers do not possess, suggesting numerous, more promising applications of these novel fish oil-based polymeric materials.
Breakdown/Non-healing of Perineal Wound

The perineum is one of the more difficult sites in the human body to reconstruct due to the significant volume of dead space, proximity of multiple organs, high bacterial counts, and the subjection to direct pressure of the wound bed. Primary closure of large perineal defects, especially in the setting of previous radiation, is associated with unacceptable wound-healing complications ranging as high as 65 %. In the current chapter, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the various reconstructive options for perineal defects to elucidate approaches and techniques on how to prevent as well as treat perineal wounds in an effort to maximize patient outcomes.
Electrostatically assisted fabrication of silver-dielectric core/shell nanoparticles thin film capacitor with uniform metal nanoparticle distribution and controlled spacing.

Abstract An electrostatically-assisted strategy for fabrication of thin film composite capacitors with controllable dielectric constant ( k ) has been developed. The capacitor is composed of metal–dielectric core/shell nanoparticle (silver/silica, Ag@SiO 2 ) multilayer films, and a backfilling polymer. Compared with the simple metal particle-polymer mixtures where the metal nanoparticles (NP) are randomly dispersed in the polymer matrix, the metal volume fraction in our capacitor was significantly increased, owing to the densely packed NP multilayers formed by the electrostatically assisted assembly process. Moreover, the insulating layer of silica shell provides a potential barrier that reduces the tunneling current between neighboring Ag cores, endowing the core/shell nanocomposites with a stable and relatively high dielectric constant ( k ) and low dielectric loss ( D ). Our work also shows that the thickness of the SiO 2 shell plays a dominant role in controlling the dielectric properties of the nanocomposites. Control over metal NP separation distance was realized not only by variation the shell thickness of the core/shell NPs but also by introducing a high k nanoparticle, barium strontium titanate (BST) of relatively smaller size (∼8 nm) compared to 80–160 nm of the core/shell Ag@SiO 2 NPs. The BST assemble between the Ag@SiO 2 and fill the void space between the closely packed core/shell NPs leading to significant enhancement of the dielectric constant. This electrostatically assisted assembly method is promising for generating multilayer films of a large variety of NPs over large areas at low cost.
A 5.58 nW Crystal Oscillator Using Pulsed Driver for Real-Time Clocks

A 5.58 nW real-time clock using a crystal oscillator is presented. In this circuit, the amplifier used in a traditional circuit is replaced with pulsed drivers. The pulse is generated with precise timing using a DLL. With this approach, an extremely low oscillation amplitude of 160 mV results in low-power operation. This low-amplitude oscillation is sustained robustly using additional supply voltages: a lower supply for the final drive stage and a higher supply used for pulses that drive the final drive stage, which ensures low on -resistance necessary for reliable operation. The different supply levels are generated on-chip by a switched capacitor network (SCN) from a single supply. The circuit has been tested at different supply voltages and temperatures. It shows a minimum power consumption of 5.58 nW and power supply sensitivity of 30.3 ppm/V over supply voltage of 0.94–1.2 V, without degrading the crystal’s temperature dependency: between $- {{20}}\;^\circ {\rm C}\;{\text{and}}\;{{80}}\;^\circ {\rm C} $ . Moreover, its performance as a real-time clock has been verified by measurement of an Allan deviation of $1.16 \times {10^{ - 8}}$ .
Multidecadal fluctuations of the North Atlantic Ocean and feedback on the winter climate in CMIP5 control simulations

This study examines the relationship between the Atlantic Multidecadal Variability (AMV) and the wintertime atmospheric circulation of the North Atlantic in simulations of the fifth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). Comparisons of internal (using preindustrial control simulations) and externally forced (using historical and Representative Concentration Pathways 8.5 simulations) simulated AMV with observations suggest that the CMIP5 models lack internally generated AMV, except for two models (GFDL-ESM2G and HadGEM2-ES). A long-term influence of the winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) on the AMV is identified, but no consistent feedback of the AMV onto the atmospheric circulation is found among the models. However, GFDL-ESM2G and HadGEM2-ES show a small lagged NAO signal that suggests a driving role of the ocean on decadal fluctuations of the atmosphere, with two different potential mechanisms. HadGEM2-ES exhibits a latitudinal shift of the Atlantic Intertropical Convergence Zone that can modulate the NAO through a Rossby wave train emanating from the tropics. In GFDL-ESM2G, the AMV is associated with a decrease in storm track activity and a shift of the intraseasonal weather regimes toward the negative NAO regime. These results raise hope that some long-term predictability of the winter climate over the North Atlantic and surrounding continents could be extracted from long-term oceanic fluctuations of the North Atlantic Ocean, provided that the AMV is correctly represented in coupled ocean-atmosphere models.
Automated identification of best-quality coronary artery segments from multiple-phase coronary CT angiography (cCTA) for vessel analysis

We are developing an automated method to identify the best quality segment among the corresponding segments in multiple-phase cCTA. The coronary artery trees are automatically extracted from different cCTA phases using our multi-scale vessel segmentation and tracking method. An automated registration method is then used to align the multiple-phase artery trees. The corresponding coronary artery segments are identified in the registered vessel trees and are straightened by curved planar reformation (CPR). Four features are extracted from each segment in each phase as quality indicators in the original CT volume and the straightened CPR volume. Each quality indicator is used as a voting classifier to vote the corresponding segments. A newly designed weighted voting ensemble (WVE) classifier is finally used to determine the best-quality coronary segment. An observer preference study is conducted with three readers to visually rate the quality of the vessels in 1 to 6 rankings. Six and 10 cCTA cases are used as training and test set in this preliminary study. For the 10 test cases, the agreement between automatically identified best-quality (AI-BQ) segments and radiologist’s top 2 rankings is 79.7%, and between AI-BQ and the other two readers are 74.8% and 83.7%, respectively. The results demonstrated that the performance of our automated method was comparable to those of experienced readers for identification of the best-quality coronary segments.
Salt effects in bacterial growth: IV. The physical nature of bacterial growth in various concentrations of neutral salts.

The physical nature of growth produced by various organisms has generally been attributed to the characteristics of the organisms themselves. Those organisms producing a pellicle upon the media in which they are growing were thought to do so because they were more strongly aerobic than those which did not form pellicles.Of recent years, however, this view has been changed and it is known that organisms which grow in the surface of the media or settle to the bottom as they grow, do so, not alone because of the characteristic of the organism, but largely because of the physical properties of the media. It has been shown by Larson, Cantwell and Hartzell1 that the nature of the growth of B. subtilis, Mycobact. tuberculosis and other organisms can be entirely changed by the addition of castor oil soap. In the case of B. subtilis 45 dynes prevents the formation of pellicles and growth takes place down in the body of the medium.Neutral salts when added to the media in small quantities affect the physical nature ...
Studies on erythropoiesis. IX. Mechanism of decreased erythropoiesis in experimental polycythemia.

Summary1) Reduction of erythropoiesis in rats rendered polycythemic by intraperitoneal infusion of packed red cells bears a relation to the degree of plethora produced. Plasma from anemic rats, a heat-denatured plasma extract from a patient with aplastic anemia, and subcutaneous cobaltous chloride all stimulate erythropoiesis in the polycythemic rat. These observations are consistent with the theory that decreased erythropoiesis in the polycythemic rat is the immediate consequence of a decreased titer of erythropoietin in these animals, and constitute further support for the theory of the humoral regulation of erythropoiesis. 2) In these experiments it was not possible to suppress erythropoiesis completely, as measured by the reticulocyte count, in normal rat by transfusion, although complete suppression was readily accomplished in transfused hypophysectomized rat.
Spike voltage topography in temporal lobe epilepsy

We investigated the voltage topography of interictal spikes in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) to see whether topography was related to etiology for TLE. Adults with TLE, who had epilepsy surgery for drug-resistant seizures from 2011 until 2014 at Jefferson Comprehensive Epilepsy Center were selected. Two groups of patients were studied: patients with mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) on MRI and those with other MRI findings. The voltage topography maps of the interictal spikes at the peak were created using BESA software. We classified the interictal spikes as polar, basal, lateral, or others. Thirty-four patients were studied, from which the characteristics of 340 spikes were investigated. The most common type of spike orientation was others (186 spikes; 54.7%), followed by lateral (146; 42.9%), polar (5; 1.5%), and basal (3; 0.9%). Characteristics of the voltage topography maps of the spikes between the two groups of patients were somewhat different. Five spikes in patients with MTS had polar orientation, but none of the spikes in patients with other MRI findings had polar orientation (odds ratio=6.98, 95% confidence interval=0.38 to 127.38; p=0.07). Scalp topographic mapping of interictal spikes has the potential to offer different information than visual inspection alone. The present results do not allow an immediate clinical application of our findings; however, detecting a polar spike in a patient with TLE may increase the possibility of mesial temporal sclerosis as the underlying etiology.
Room temperature 632.7-nm cw operation of AlGaInP strained MQW lasers grown on (100) GaAs

Shortening the oscillation wavelength of AlGaInP visible lasers is important for uses such as laser printers and optical disks. One of the problems in AlGaInP lasers is that AlGaInP tends to form a natural superlattice to have a smaller effective band gap. Therefore, most short wavelength lasers cw-operated around 633 nm, which is the wavelength of He-Ne gas lasers, were grown on off-angled substrates from (100) to prevent the formation of natural superlattice.1–3 However, the use of off-angled substrate could cause new difficulties such as the degradation of beam qualify due to substrate asymmetry. We report a successful 632.7-nm RT (25°C cw operation of AlGaInP lasers grown on (100) exactly oriented substrate.
Patinum combined with radiation therapy in small cell lung cancer : focusing like a laser beam on crucial issues

The addition of radiotherapy to combination chemotherapy has been shown to improve survival for patients with limited small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Although SCLC is very sensitive to radiotherapy, the impact of radiation may be confounded by interaction among various radiotherapy factors or by the chemotherapeutic agents used in combination. The potential effects of such radiation factors as dose, volume, fractionation, sequence with chemotherapy, and timing (early v late), as well as choice of chemotherapy, therefore must be carefully considered when designing or comparing clinical trials of combined modality therapy for SCLC. The combination of thoracic radiotherapy plus platinum-based chemotherapy currently represents the cornerstone of such combination treatment for SCLC. Many questions remain, however, and it is hoped that new trials will be designed to focus more precisely on unsettled issues.
SU-F-J-54: Towards Real-Time Volumetric Imaging Using the Treatment Beam and KV Beam

Purpose: Existing real-time imaging uses dual (orthogonal) kV beam fluoroscopies and may result in significant amount of extra radiation to patients, especially for prolonged treatment cases. In addition, kV projections only provide 2D information, which is insufficient for in vivo dose reconstruction. We propose real-time volumetric imaging using prior knowledge of pre-treatment 4D images and real-time 2D transit data of treatment beam and kV beam. Methods: The pre-treatment multi-snapshot volumetric images are used to simulate 2D projections of both the treatment beam and kV beam, respectively, for each treatment field defined by the control point. During radiation delivery, the transit signals acquired by the electronic portal image device (EPID) are processed for every projection and compared with pre-calculation by cross-correlation for phase matching and thus 3D snapshot identification or real-time volumetric imaging. The data processing involves taking logarithmic ratios of EPID signals with respect to the air scan to reduce modeling uncertainties in head scatter fluence and EPID response. Simulated 2D projections are also used to pre-calculate confidence levels in phase matching. Treatment beam projections that have a low confidence level either in pre-calculation or real-time acquisition will trigger kV beams so that complementary information can be exploited. In case both the treatment beam and kV beam return low confidence in phase matching, a predicted phase based on linear regression will be generated. Results: Simulation studies indicated treatment beams provide sufficient confidence in phase matching for most cases. At times of low confidence from treatment beams, kV imaging provides sufficient confidence in phase matching due to its complementary configuration. Conclusion: The proposed real-time volumetric imaging utilizes the treatment beam and triggers kV beams for complementary information when the treatment beam along does not provide sufficient confidence for phase matching. This strategy minimizes the use of extra radiation to patients. This project is partially supported by a Varian MRA grant.
DIFFERENTIATION OF FUNCTIONS OF SEVERAL VARIABLES

This chapter discusses the differentiation of functions of several variables. In many different disciplines such as science, engineering, and economics, one is often confronted with the study of variable quantities whose magnitude is determined by the magnitudes of several other variables. In geometry, there is the familiar example of the area of a rectangle being equal to the product of its width by its length A = wL. In a simple electrical circuit, the power P depends on the current I and the resistance R in accordance with the rule P = I 2 R. Here, A is a function of a and L, and P is a function of I and R. In the case of a single-valued function z = f(x,y), for each fixed value of y, the function z can be considered as the function of the single variable x. If this function of the single variable x is differentiable, the derivatives with respect to x of f(x,y) may be gotten in the usual way by regarding y as a fixed constant. This derivative is called the partial derivative of f(x,y) with respect to x.
From Kurukṣetra to Rāmarājya: A Comparative Analysis of the Star Personas of Amitabh Bachchan and Shahrukh Khan

“Only sex or Shah Rukh sell,”1 an aspiring Mumbai actress I I declared in 2004, referring to the man who is often consid- ered the last great screen icon, the embodiment of a twenty- first-century India, and a one-man industry capable of articulating and representing the Zeitgeist of a billion people who constitute the nation: Shah Rukh Khan (hereafter SRK). Thirty years ago, following the successes of films like Zanjeer (The Chain, 1973), Sholay (Embers, 1975), and Deewar (The Wall, 1975), all starring the screen legend Amitabh Bachchan, one could have just as easily declared: “Only violence and Bachchan sell.”
The therapeutic efficacy of intensive medical therapy in ameliorating high-density lipoprotein dysfunction in subjects with type two diabetes

To determine whether 12 months of intensive medical therapy (IMT) improves HDL functionality parameters in subjects with type II diabetes (T2D). Retrospective, randomized, and controlled 12-month IMT intervention trial that enrolled 13-subjects with T2D (age 51- years, fasting glucose 147 mg/dL, body mass index [BMI] 36.5 kg/m2) and nine healthy control (46-years, fasting glucose 90 mg/dL, BMI 26.5 kg/m2). Subjects with T2D underwent IMT and HDL functionality measures (pro-inflammatory index of high-density lipoprotein (pHDL)), paraoxonase one (PON1), ceruloplasmin (Cp), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were performed on samples at baseline and at 12-months following IMT. At baseline, pHDL index was significantly higher in subjects with T2D (p < 0.001) and apolipoprotein A-1 levels were significantly lower (p = 0.013) vs. controls. After 12-months, there was a trend for improved pHDL activity (p = 0.083), as indicated by intent-to-treat analysis, but when the non-adherent subject was omitted (per-protocol), significant attenuations in pHDL activity (p = 0.040) were noted; Δ pHDL activity at 12-months was associated with Δ weight (r = 0.62, p = 0.032) and Δ fasting glucose (r = 0.65, p = 0.022). Moreover, PON1 activity significantly improved (p < 0.001). The aforementioned occurred in association with improvements in inflammatory markers (i.e., C-reactive protein & tumor necrosis factor), hemoglobin A1C, fasting glucose, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein levels and adipokines. IMT ameliorates pHDL index and significantly improves anti-oxidative function, as measured by PON1. Improvements in weight and fasting glucose mediated the decrease in pHDL index. Pharmacological aids and lifestyle modification are required to improve cardiovascular risk factors, subsequent mortality risk, and promote T2D remission. Application of either form of therapy alone may only have relatively miniscule effects on the aforementioned factors, in relation to the aggregate.
Early Identification and Intervention of Psychosocial and Behavioral Effects of Exceptionality

Before the mid-20th century, the primary research emphasis in early childhood identification and intervention was on the assessment of children’s intellectual abilities, with the goal of ensuring that children received appropriate educational opportunities (Kelley & Surbeck, 1991). Until the last few decades, early childhood psychosocial and behavioral disorders had received little attention from either researchers or practitioners. This lack of attention was due primarily to the prevailing sociocultural climate and the attitudes of past generations toward families and child-rearing responsibilities.
Development a new LIDAR detection system operating in 1064 nm with InGaAs technology

The present work shows a new detection system applied to atmospheric remote sensing operating at 1064 nm. The system developed is operating as Backscatter LIDAR mode in the LIDAR Station from the Radar Laser Division of CITEDEF, located in Villa Martelli, near Buenos Aires City. The detection system developed is based on AsGaIn PIN photodiode built from a DIE unit. These kind of photodetectors are widely used in medical equipment and communications systems, but their application is not widespread for atmospheric remote sensing systems. This paper shows the development and construction of an amplifier-detector based on InGaAs photodiode coupled to an amplifier with 110 dB gain and DC-10 MHz bandwidth. The PIN photodiode characterization was performed to determine its responsivity at 1064 nm and the capacitance junction was measured in the working bandwidth of device. Likewise, the amplifier's Bandwidth and Gain values were characterized. The first results obtained with the backscatter LIDAR system are presented, showing the presence of Cirrus Clouds in the middle and the upper troposphere.
Analysis of small seismographic station networks

abstract A procedure is developed for objectively analyzing the geometrical configuration of a small seismographic station network. The elements of the parameter space covariance matrix are used to determine the uncertainty in the hypocentral parameters and their corresponding cross-correlations for a given network geometry. Likewise, the elements of the data space covariance matrix are used to determine which data supply the least information toward the solution of the system of equations and which combinations of observations are redundant. Knowledge of the variation of these covariance matrices in the vicinity of a network allows an objective basis for comparing the performance of proposed network geometrical configurations. A small triangular quadripartite network (10-km radius) is analyzed as an example of the method. For small networks, generally the most important data are S -wave onset times at the peripheral stations and P -wave onset times at the interior stations. The single most useful indicator of the performance of a proposed network configuration is the span of the semi-major axes of the covariance matrices for hypocenters in the vicinity of the network.
Towards ECU-ready nonlinear model predictive control: Tip-in maneuver case study

This paper presents a study on tackling full load request in air path control of a turbocharged diesel engine. The adopted approach is based on nonlinear model predictive control that employs a specially tailored model that can be embedded and simulated at Engine Control Unit (ECU). The derived air path model of a turbocharged engine comprises of one differential equation and a set of algebraic equations with fixed polynomial structure that allow cheap evaluation of Jacobians and integration with fixed Euler step. The main advantage of this approach is that the simulation and problem construction boils down to evaluation of explicit polynomial functions which has favorable properties for real-time implementation. On top of this model, a nonlinear model predictive control problem is formulated and solved using sequential quadratic programming. The approach is demonstrated in a simulation study that focuses on abrupt load request in the boost pressure setpoint.
Massive parallelization of approximate nearest neighbor search on KD-tree for high-dimensional image descriptor matching

To overcome the high computing cost associated with high-dimensional digital image descriptor matching, this paper presents a massively parallel approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) on K-dimensional tree (KD-tree) on the modern massively parallel architectures (MPA). The proposed algorithm is of comparable quality to traditional sequential counterpart on central processing unit (CPU). However, it achieves a high speedup factor of 121 when applied to high-dimensional real-world image descriptor datasets. The algorithm is also studied for factors that impact its performance to obtain the optimal runtime configurations for various datasets. The performance of the proposed parallel ANNS algorithm is also verified on typical 3D image matching scenarios. With the classical local image descriptor signature of histograms of orientations (SHOT), the parallel image descriptor matching can achieve speedup of up to 128. Our implementation will potentially benefit realtime image descriptor matching in high dimensions.
African American Fathers: Disproportionate Incarceration and the Meaning of Involvement:

Impoverished and African American fathers are often criticized by policy makers for lack of involvement in their children's lives. These criticisms are limited to defining responsible fatherhood as providing economic support while ignoring other forms of nurturing. Recent studies provide a broader perspective on how impoverished and African American fathers nurture their children. This article analyzes data from five studies carried out in Syracuse, New York, between 1996 and 2011. The studies support the contention that structural violence, inherent in the disproportionate incarceration of African American fathers, is a critical factor impeding the fathers from fulfilling their paternal roles. We discuss policy issues affecting incarcerated fathers that limit the extent to which they are able to bond with their children.
Sexual Self-Schemas in the Real World: Investigating the Ecological Validity of Language-Based Markers of Childhood Sexual Abuse

This is the first study to examine language use and sexual self-schemas in natural language data extracted from posts to a large online forum. Recently, two studies applied advanced text analysis techniques to examine differences in language use and sexual self-schemas between women with and without a history of childhood sexual abuse. The aim of the current study was to test the ecological validity of the differences in language use and sexual self-schema themes that emerged between these two groups of women in the laboratory. Archival natural language data were extracted from a social media website and analyzed using LIWC2015, a computerized text analysis program, and other word counting approaches. The differences in both language use and sexual self-schema themes that manifested in recent laboratory research were replicated and validated in the large online sample. To our knowledge, these results provide the first empirical examination of sexual cognitions as they occur in the real world. These results also suggest that natural language analysis of text extracted from social media sites may be a potentially viable precursor or alternative to laboratory measurement of sexual trauma phenomena, as well as clinical phenomena, more generally.
Editorial: Professionelle Kompetenz von Lehrkräften für Technik – Besonderheiten und Ansatzpunkte für die fachdidaktische Forschung

Es ist augenscheinlich, dass die Kompetenzen von Lehrkraften eine bedeutsame Kategorie fur das Lehren und das Lernen der Schulerinnen und Schulern darstellen. Der professionellen Kompetenz von Lehrkraften kommt seit mehreren Jahren eine allgemein wahrgenommene und gestiegene Bedeutung zu (vgl. z. B. Baumert et al. 2010; Kunter et al. 2013). Professionelles Wissen von Lehrkraften - ihr fachliches, fachdidaktisches und padagogisch-psychologisches Wissen - stellen einen Kernbereich professioneller Kompetenz von Lehrkraften dar. In mehreren Studien konnte nachgewiesen werden, dass das professionelle Wissen von Lehrkraften eine entscheidende Rolle fur die Qualitat des Unterrichts und fur den Lernerfolg von Schulerinnen und Schulern spielt (Lipowsky et al. 2009; Voss, Kunter & Baumert 2011; Voss et al. 2014; Wagner et al. 2016). Der internationale Forschungsstand lasst, trotz bestehender Forschungsdefizite, kein Zweifel an der Bedeutung der professionellen Kompetenz von Lehrkraften fur die Entwicklung der Lernenden (z. B. Zlatkin-Troitschanskaia et. al. 2009; Terhart, Bennewitz & Rothland 2014; KMK 2014) und erhalt damit auch volkswirtschaftliche Bedeutung.Wahrend in diversen schulischen Fachern, u. a. in der Mathematik und Physik substanzielle Erkenntnisse zur professionellen Kompetenz von Lehrkraften vorliegen (vgl. z. B. Tatto et al. 2012; Riese et al. 2015), stellt sich die Befundlage im Unterrichtsfach Technik bzw. in interdisziplinaren Fachern, wie Naturwissenschaft und Technik (NwT) an allgemeinbildenden Schulen dunn dar. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden im Rahmen des Editorials, nachdem der theoretische Hintergrund skizziert wurde, ausgewahlte Besonderheiten und mogliche Ansatzpunkte fur die Forschung zur professionellen Kompetenz von Lehrkraften im Technik- und NwT-Unterricht an allgemeinbildenden Schulen, mit einem Schwerpunkt auf den gymnasialen Bildungssektor, diskutiert.
Right Lower Quadrant Pathology Including the Right Pelvis in the Pubertal Female

Pain in the right lower quadrant (RLQ) is common in children and represents a daily challenge for the clinician. This is even more difficult in the adolescent girl as the pain may have a gynecologic origin; furthermore, in girls, the psychological aspects are as important as the disease itself since their gynecologic future might be compromised.
Using QR Codes to Enhance the Personalized System of Instruction

The purpose of this article is to propose utilizing quick response (QR) codes, which store and transmit data using the camera on a tablet or smartphone, into personalized system of instruction learning modules.
New technologies improve adenoma detection rate, adenoma miss rate, and polyp detection rate: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background and Aims The need to increase the adenoma detection rate (ADR) for colorectal cancer screening has ushered in devices that mechanically or optically improve conventional colonoscopy. Recently, new technology devices (NTDs) have become available. We aimed to compare the ADR, polyp detection rate (PDR), and adenoma miss rate (AMR) between NTDs and conventional colonoscopy and between mechanical and optical NTDs. Methods MEDLINE and Embase databases were searched from inception through September 2017 for articles or abstracts reporting ADR, PDR, and AMR with NTDs. Randomized controlled trials and case-control studies with >10 subjects were included. Primary outcomes included ADR, PDR, and AMR odds ratio (OR) between conventional colonoscopy and NTDs. Secondary outcomes included cecal intubation rates, adverse events, cecal intubation time, and total colonoscopy time. Results From 141 citations, 45 studies with 20,887 subjects were eligible for ≥1 analyses. Overall, the ORs for ADR (1.35; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.24-1.47; P Conclusions Newer endoscopic technologies are an effective option to improve ADR and PDR and decrease AMR, particularly with mechanical NTDs. No differences in operability and safety were found.
The Problem of Community Engagement: Disentangling the Practices of Municipal Government

In this paper, we work to inform the growing space of Digital Civics with a qualitative study of community engagement practices across the breadth of municipal departments and agencies in a large US city. We conducted 34 inter-views across 15 different departments, including elected and professional city employees to understand how different domains within local government define and practice the work of engaging residents. Our interviews focused on how respondents conceptualized community engagement, how it fit into the other forms of work, and what kinds of outcomes they sought when they did 'engagement.' By reporting on this broad qualitative account of the many forms the work of community engagement takes in local government, we are contributing to an expansive view of digital civics that looks beyond the transactions of service delivery or the privileged moments of democratic ritual, to consider the wider terrain of mundane, daily challenges when trying to bridge between municipal government and city residents.
Globalisation and Public Education Policies in Latin America

The local public radio station in Bloomington, Indiana, carries a national and international business news programme “Marketplace” which has among its corporate sponsors General Electric (GE). Two of the corporation’s advertising blurbs are the following:
Normal Distribution Assumption-Free Nonparametric Inference

Methods for categorical data analysis and rank-based nonparametric methods for continuous data are discussed.
Abstract 3048: Deep learning to predict survival prognosis for patients with non-small cell lung cancer using images and clinical data

Goal We present a deep learning framework to predict survival prognosis of patients with non-small cell lung cancer using CT images and clinical data developed and validated in multi-institutional cohorts. Methods We developed 3D convolutional neural networks (CNNs) using CT images, tumor nodule segmentation, clinical data (i.e. age, sex, histology, and stage) and survival times as input to predict survival of non-small cell lung cancer. Both the CT images and the segmentations were used as inputs for the CNN, the latter to localize the volumes-of-interests (VOIs) in the CT scans. We used three cohorts to evaluate our framework: Moffitt (n=186), Maastro (n=311), and Stanford (n=130). We investigated pre-training with the LIDC-IDRI dataset (n=1010) and compared deep learning performance with 1674 manually-curated radiomics features and clinical data. We used two ways to evaluate the models. First, we split the three cohorts into training and test sets by selecting two of the cohorts for training and the remaining for testing. Secondly, we combined all cohorts and performed a 10-fold stratified cross-validation. We used the Concordance Index (CI) to estimate model performance. Next, we evaluated priming whereby we use 10% of the validation cohort during training and test on the remaining patients in the test cohort. To ensure that the test set was identical for both priming and non-priming experiments, we discarded these samples for the non-priming tests. Results Table 1 shows the results of the two evaluation strategies. We observed consistently high CIs for all three cohorts. LIDC pretraining and priming yielded the highest CIs as compared to radiomic and clinical-only pipelines. For the 10-fold cross-validation experiment, our pipeline achieved an average CI=0.64. Conclusion Our study highlights the promising results of our pipeline to predict survival prognosis across three cohorts without the need to define radiomics features. Citation Format: Edward H. Lee, Mu Zhou, Noah Gamboa, Kevin Brennan, Haruka Itakura, Viswam Nair, Sandy Napel, Simon Wong, Olivier Gevaert. Deep learning to predict survival prognosis for patients with non-small cell lung cancer using images and clinical data [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3048.