cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Feeding behavior and survival of Colorado potato beetle,Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), larvae onSolanum berthaultii Hawkes and an F6 S. tuberosum L. XS. berthaultii hybrid

Newly hatchedLeptinotarsa decemlineata larvae were less likely to initiate feeding onSolanum berthaultii than onS. tuberosum. Among larvae that fed there was no difference in the time to initiation of feeding; however, the duration of the initial feeding bout was less onS. berthaultii than onS. tuberosum. Larvae spent less time feeding and more time walking onS. berthaultii than onS. tuberosum. All larvae caged onS. tuberosum fed within 24 hours, but larvae were less likely to feed on a F6 S. tuberosum XS. berthaultii hybrid and least likely to feed onS. berthaultii. Lack of feeding during the first 24 h was highly correlated with mortality at 72 h. Whether or not larvae feed within the first five minutes of being placed on a leaflet is a reliable predictor of larval mortality at 72 h and is a useful test for determining the susceptibility of plants to feeding byL. decemlineata. The amount of trichome exudate accumulated on the tarsi over a 72 h period is correlated with resistance. Resistance ofS. berthaultii to neonateL. decemlineata is characterized by a refusal to initiate feeding and a reduced feeding rate by larvae that do feed.
Postapproval Research Requested by the FDA at the Time of NCE Approval, 1970–1984

In the early 1970s, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) began to require postapproval research at the time of approval (PAR) for some drugs, a practice that seemingly extends approval requirements beyond the provisions of the statute. This study, based primarily on a survey of the pharmaceutical industry, is the first comprehensive analysis of this phenomenon. It shows that the practice has been fairly extensive, including about one third of the new drugs approved during the period 1970–1984. PAR studies have been required for a variety of purposes, from testing in special populations to refining dosage. The practice has not been used primarily to make major therapeutic advances available earlier, but has included many drugs rated by the agency as offering only moderate or little advance over existing therapy. By defining the characteristics of the practice, this study provides a starting point for analyses that can help determine whether continuation of the practice of requiring PAR is desirable.
Differential effects of online training on job-related burnout among substance abuse counsellors

High voluntary turnover of substance abuse counsellors is a recognised and pervasive problem, likely due in large part to job-related burnout experienced by providers. This article explores the influence of the type of training on three facets of burnout (emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation and a reduced perception of personal accomplishments) among substance abuse counsellors participating in an online training protocol consisting of cognitive-behavioural therapy for substance use. Two training types were used: high fidelity (i.e. structured, didactic “classroom”-style training), and low fidelity (i.e. more flexible and customisable training). Participation in a more flexible training model predicted lower burnout scores for participants both immediately and 6 months after training. Participants with a history of personal recovery from substance abuse and those working in positions of leadership also reported lower burnout scores after training. We conclude that perception of support and flexibility ...
Order parameters for macromolecules: Application to multiscale simulation

Order parameters (OPs) characterizing the nanoscale features of macromolecules are presented. They are generated in a general fashion so that they do not need to be redesigned with each new application. They evolve on time scales much longer than 10−14 s typical for individual atomic collisions/vibrations. The list of OPs can be automatically increased, and completeness can be determined via a correlation analysis. They serve as the basis of a multiscale analysis that starts with the N-atom Liouville equation and yields rigorous Smoluchowski/Langevin equations of stochastic OP dynamics. Such OPs and the multiscale analysis imply computational algorithms that we demonstrate in an application to ribonucleic acid structural dynamics for 50 ns.
Detection of single nanoparticles using photonic crystal enhanced microscopy

We demonstrate a label-free biosensor imaging approach that utilizes a photonic-crystal surface to detect attachment of individual nanoparticles down to 65x30x30nm3.Matching nanoparticle plasmon resonant-frequency to the photonic-crystal resonance substantially increases sensitivity of the approach.
The effects of memory skills training and incentives on free recall in older learners

The impact of memory skills training and external reward on free recall of serial word lists was assessed in 60 elderly community-dwelling adults. Participants were divided into four groups: (a) skills training plus incentive, (b) skills training only, (c) placebo plus incentive, and (d) placebo without incentive. The memory skills training involved 2 hours of class instruction and a take-home manual. The incentive was introduced following the posttest study interval, prior to recall, and was in the form of a lottery. The three experimental groups (skills only, skills plus incentive, and incentive only) recalled more words at the posttest interval than the placebo group. Skills training was associated with the greatest number of words recalled, followed by the incentive. No additional performance gains were found when skills training was coupled with incentive. A significant relationship between study time and word recall performance was found at posttest. Those who received skills training used more study time than did the no skills groups. The results suggest that teaching an active memory skill enhances free recall performance. Additionally, incentives were superior to no training. Combining incentives with skills, however, does not extend memory performance over skills training alone.
On the possibility of detecting weak magnetic fields in variable white dwarfs

It is suggested that 'weak' magnetic fields of strengths less than 10 to the 6th G may be detectable in some variable white dwarfs. Weak fields can cause subtle changes in the Fourier power spectra of these stars in the form of 'splitting' in frequency of otherwise degenerate signals. Present-day observational and analysis techniques are capable of detecting these changes. It is suggested suggested, by listing some well-studied candidate stars, that perhaps the magnetic signature of splitting has already been observed in at least one object and that the difficult task of intensive measurements of weak fields should now be undertaken of those candidates.
Ovarian steroid and cytokine modulation of human endometrial angiogenesis

Endometrial pinopodes, hormone-dependent protrusions of the endometrial apical plasma membrane, have been suggested as indicators of endometrial receptivity. The lifespan of endometrial pinopodes appears to be tightly regulated. Interestingly, considerable interpatient variations according to the onset of pinopode formation have been observed. In normal fertile women, pinopodes are present on days 6-8 post-ovulation, whereas pinopode formation is observed 1-2 days earlier in patients undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation. In oocyte recipients treated with oestradiol and progesterone in hormone-controlled cycles, pinopode formation seems to be delayed. In-vitro experimental studies on human blastocyst attachment to an artificial endometrium indicate a preference for human blastocysts to attach to pinopode presenting areas on the endometrial surface. Transmission electron microscopy shows that the blastocysts do not attach to the apical plasma membrane of pinopode presenting cells. Trophoblast cells display contact with endometrial epithelial cells at the lateral plasma membranes by sharing apical junctional complexes. The function of endometrial pinopodes during human blastocyst implantation still remains to be elucidated. Ultrastructural studies indicate that the pinopode presenting apical plasma membrane does not participate directly in embryo-endometrial interactions.
Plasma energetics in solar flares.

The high-temperature and quasi-thermal aspects of a solar flare are examined along with the basic physical mechanisms related to the primary energization and dissipation processes. Topics covered include the reconnection of the magnetic field, the bulk acceleration of particles, and the thermalization and ultimate radiation of the energy. The complexity of the phenomena involved is emphasized.
Collective Efficacy Beliefs:Theoretical Developments, Empirical Evidence, and Future Directions

This analysis synthesizes existing research to discuss how teachers’ practice and student learning are affected by perceptions of collective efficacy. Social cognitive theory is employed to explain that the choices teachers make—the ways in which they exercise personal agency—are strongly influenced by collective efficacy beliefs. Although empirically related, teacher and collective efficacy perceptions are theoretically distinct constructs, each having unique effects on educational decisions and student achievement. Our purpose is to advance awareness about perceived collective efficacy and develop a conceptual model to explain the formation and influence of perceived collective efficacy in schools. We also examine the relevance of efficacy beliefs to teachers’ professional work and outline future research possibilities.
Neural Networks for Improved Tracking

In this letter, we have developed a neural network (NN) based upon modeling fields for improved object tracking. Models for ground moving target indicator (GMTI) tracks have been developed as well as neural architecture incorporating these models. The neural tracker overcomes combinatorial complexity of tracking in highly cluttered scenarios and results in about 20-dB (two orders of magnitude) improvement in signal-to-clutter ratio.
Space-efficient memory-based heuristics

A memory-based heuristic is a heuristic function that is stored in a lookup table. Very accurate heuristics have been created by building very large lookup tables, sometimes called pattern databases. Most previous work assumes that a memory-based heuristic is computed for the entire state space, and the cost of computing it is amortized over many problem instances. But in some cases, it may be useful to compute a memory-based heuristic for a single problem instance. If the start and goal states of the problem instance are used to restrict the region of the state space for which the heuristic is needed, the time and space used to compute the heuristic may be substantially reduced. In this paper, we review recent work that uses this idea to compute space-efficient heuristics for the multiple sequence alignment problem. We then describe a novel development of this idea that is simpler and more general. Our approach leads to improved performance in solving the multiple sequence alignment problem, and is general enough to apply to other domains.
A comprehensive assessment program to improve blood-administering practices using the FOCUS-PDCA model.

BACKGROUND: The Joint Commission on the Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations requires that hospitals have a planned approach to systematically collect data on processes related to the use, ordering, and administering of blood components. This study describes how a comprehensive blood-administering assessment program and the FOCUS-PDCA approach improved overall blood-administering practices. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Nurses were trained to observe blood issuance, blood administering, and patient monitoring steps, and to audit patient's charts to measure compliance with blood-ordering procedures. The observations were recorded on a standardized scannable form, which allowed automatic entry of recorded data directly into a computer database. RESULTS: A total of 982 assessments were completed during the 51-month study period. Documentation of informed consent improved from 80 percent to 100 percent. Compliance with a California law that requires patients to receive information on the risks, benefits, and alternatives to transfusion rose from 30 percent to 100 percent. Physicians’ compliance in specifying the rate of blood administration improved from 30 percent to 100 percent, and verification of information on the patient's identification band with the patient's self-identification rose from 50 percent to 100 percent. For all other blood-administering steps, compliance remained high throughout the study period. For the past 9 months, 100-percent compliance has been maintained for all transfusion processes, and during this period no mistransfusions or blood administration near-misses have been reported. CONCLUSION: The blood-administering assessment program described above has improved transfusion practice, reduced the number of near-miss events, and may have prevented mistransfusions.
"A Lot of Headwraps": Innovations in a Second Wave of Electoral Gender Quotas in sub-Saharan Africa

Over the last more than two decades, political parties and governments across sub-Saharan Africa have adopted electoral gender quotas for parliament at an astonishing rate – and with remarkable success as many sub-Saharan African countries have catapulted to the top in terms of women’s representation in a single or lower house of parliament. During a first wave in East and Southern Africa, quotas were adopted in the aftermath of conflicts and in the course of political transitions as mobilized national women’s movements, influenced by an international women’s movement and international norms, took advantage of political openings to press for the adoption of quotas through new constitutions or new electoral laws. In some cases a clear diffusion effect was at play between political movements that closely influenced one another. During a second wave mostly, though not only, in West Africa, quotas are again being adopted as women’s movements, in collaboration with regional, continental and international organizations, similarly press for an increased representation of women during constitutional reform processes or through revisions to electoral laws. During this second wave, creative quota designs have emerged as parties and governments have sought to strengthen existing electoral gender quotas or adopt them for the first time. This paper examines some innovations in quota design and quota use in three sub-Saharan African cases that are part of the second wave, including the move to gender parity and the possibility of an only ‘temporary’ special measure.
Establishment of a Method To Rapidly Assay Bacterial Persister Metabolism

ABSTRACT Bacterial persisters exhibit an extraordinary tolerance to antibiotics that is dependent on their metabolic state. Although persister metabolism promises to be a rich source of antipersister strategies, there is relatively little known about the metabolism of these rare and transient phenotypic variants. To address this knowledge gap, we explored the use of several techniques, and we found that only one measured persister metabolism. This assay was based on the phenomenon of metabolite-enabled aminoglycoside killing of persisters, and we used it to characterize the metabolic heterogeneity of different persister populations. From these investigations, we determined that glycerol and glucose are the most ubiquitously used carbon sources by various types of Escherichia coli persisters, suggesting that these metabolites might prove beneficial to deliver in conjunction with aminoglycosides for the treatment of chronic and recurrent infections. In addition, we demonstrated that the persister metabolic assay developed here is amenable to high-throughput screening with the use of phenotype arrays.
Socially and temporally extended end-of-life decision-making process for dementia patients

There are two contrasting views on the decision-making for life-sustaining treatment in advanced stages of dementia when the patient is deemed incompetent. One is to respect the patient9s precedent autonomy by adhering to advance directives or using the substituted judgement standard. The other is to use the best-interests standard, particularly if the current judgement on what is best for the incapacitated patient contradicts the instructions from the patient9s precedent autonomy. In this paper, I argue that the protracted clinical course of dementia over many years requires the extended perspective of a progressive decision-making process—extended in both social space and time. The ongoing debate between these two competing views has missed this perspective by focussing on an exclusive disjunction between the competent former self and the incompetent current self. Drawing on theories of situated cognition in cognitive science, I will show that the cognition of a demented patient can be viewed as extended and embodied by her supportive social environment. As the disease progresses, the content of the mind of a demented person becomes partially constituted by such external resources along with her diminishing intrinsic mind. With this understanding, medical decision-making for a demented patient can be construed as a temporally and socially extended practice. A collective decision-making body consisting of the patient, her family and surrogates, and the clinician, should make progressive decisions as a whole over years of the disease course. Finally, I will provide a practical example of how this proposal can be applied in clinical practice.
Performance characterization of artificial neural networks for contact tracking

Artificial neural networks (ANN's) can be exploited in a variety of information processing applications because they offer simplicity of implementation, possess inherent parallel processing characteristics and are nonlinear and less reliant on modeling of the real process. The paper is concerned with the problem of determining the performance of ANN's trained to provide estimates of contact state variables given a time series of measurements. A method is presented for determining ANN performance. Specifically, performance is shown to be intrinsically related to system observability. A performance analysis of ANN's under various observability conditions is presented along with a methodology for selecting the appropriate ANN-generated solution with a system architecture comprised of multiple clusters of ANN's. >
Audit Committee Financial Experts: A Closer Examination Using Firm Designations

The Sarbanes‐Oxley Act (SOX) requires the disclosure of whether the audit committee has a financial expert. We examine disclosures related to audit committee financial experts (ACFEs) in the first year that this disclosure requirement is in effect. We find that virtually all companies disclose whether an ACFE is on the audit committee, although the transparency of the disclosure regarding the ACFE's background is limited. We also find that most ACFEs do not have a background in accounting or finance, although there are notable differences between stock exchanges on this dimension. In addition, we find that companies designate ACFEs who would not have been identified using extant research methods, and companies fail to voluntarily designate many individuals who appear to qualify as an ACFE, particularly if another audit committee member is already designated as an ACFE. Thus, some companies appear to be extremely conservative in designating directors as ACFEs, possibly due to concerns about the legal liabi...
Enhanced Layer Coverage of Thin Films by Oblique Angle Deposition

The characteristics of nucleation and island growth in oblique angle deposition with substrate rotation have recently attracted interest due to the formation of novel 3D nanostructures by a physical self-assembly process. In this study, we present the results of a solid-on-solid growth simulation by a kinetic Monte Carlo algorithm that explores the layer coverage evolution of thin films during oblique angle deposition. The simulations accounted for oblique incidence flux, shadowing effect, surface diffusion, and substrate rotation. The layer coverage, the ratio of average island volume to average island size, and root-mean-square (RMS) roughness values are reported for the initial stages of island growth from submonolayer thicknesses up to a few monolayers. RMS roughness was also investigated for later stages of the growth. Our results show that, for small deposition angles and with limited or no surface diffusion included, the average growth rate of islands is faster in lateral directions that results in enhanced layer coverages and smoother films. This is due to that the sides of the islands can be exposed to the incident flux more effectively at small deposition angles. On the other hand, normal incidence and high oblique angle depositions give poorer layer coverages and much rougher films due to the slower growth rates in lateral directions.
Na+ Channel I–II Loop Mediates Parallel Genetic and Phosphorylation-Dependent Gating Changes

In this issue of Circulation , Koval et al1 show that 2 arrhythmogenic human cardiac Na+ channel (hNaV1.5) variants mimic the altered channel gating effects induced by Ca2+-calmodulin–dependent protein kinase (CaMKII). They also show that phosphorylation of an adjacent CaMKII target site on NaV1.5 is enhanced in human heart failure (HF) samples and in the border zone of postinfarcted canine hearts. Article see p 2084 The cardiac Na+ channel, NaV1.5, is responsible for inward Na+ current ( I Na) that drives the cardiac action potential (AP) upstroke and electrical impulse propagation.2 Genetic variants of the SCN5A gene encoding NaV1.5 are associated with long QT syndrome-3 (LQTs; gain of function), Brugada syndrome (BRs; loss of function), conduction system disease, sudden infant death syndrome, sick sinus syndrome, and dilated cardiomyopathy.3,4 These inherited channelopathies have been tremendously important to our understanding of normal NaV1.5 function and arrhythmia mechanisms. However, acquired forms of altered NaV1.5 function attributable to posttranslational modification (eg, phosphorylation or oxidation) may have pathophysiological consequences during ischemia/reperfusion or HF and thus reach a larger patient population. Indeed, half of all HF deaths are sudden and presumed to be attributable to lethal ventricular arrhythmias.5,6 The pore forming α subunit (NaV1.5; ≈220 Kd predicted MW) has 4 homologous domains (I–IV) with 6 transmembrane segments each (S1–S6; Figure 1), is glycosylated, and has auxiliary regulatory β subunits (β1–β4; ≈30–35 Kd).7 The S5–S6 linker includes the P-loops or pore region, the 4 S4 segments serve as voltage sensors (involved in activation gating), whereas an IFM motif in the DIII–IV linker is important for fast inactivation gating. Importantly, NaV1.5 forms a macromolecular complex with interacting proteins that …
SWAKK: a web server for detecting positive selection in proteins using a sliding window substitution rate analysis

We present a bioinformatic web server (SWAKK) for detecting amino acid sites or regions of a protein under positive selection. It estimates the ratio of non-synonymous to synonymous substitution rates (KA/KS) between a pair of protein-coding DNA sequences, by sliding a 3D window, or sphere, across one reference structure. The program displays the results on the 3D protein structure. In addition, for comparison or when a reference structure is unavailable, the server can also perform a sliding window analysis on the primary sequence. The SWAKK web server is available at http://oxytricha.princeton.edu/SWAKK/.
Short report: Improving record–review surveillance of young children with an autism spectrum disorder

Introduction:Records-based autism spectrum disorder surveillance developed at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has been extended to younger cohorts, although the utility of additional record sources has not been examined. We therefore conducted a pilot project to describe whether Centers for Disease Control and Prevention surveillance could identify younger children with an autism spectrum disorder evaluated as part of an ongoing screening study at Georgia State University.Methods:In all, 31 families of children who screened positive for autism spectrum disorder and received a clinical evaluation at Georgia State University agreed to participate in the project. Of these, 10 children lived inside the surveillance area and had records abstracted and reviewed for this project. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention surveillance results (i.e. autism spectrum disorder or non-autism spectrum disorder) were compared with Georgia State University evaluation results (i.e. autism spectrum disorder...
Towards robustness to fast speech in ASR

Psychoacoustic studies show that human listeners are sensitive to speaking rate variations. Automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems are even more affected by the changes in rate, as double to quadruple word recognition error rates of average speakers have been observed for fast speakers on many ASR systems. In our earlier work (see Proceedings of EUROSPEECH95, p.491-4, 1995), we studied the causes of higher error and concluded that both the acoustic-phonetic and the phonological differences are sources of higher word error rates. In this work, we have studied various measures for quantifying rate of speech (ROS) and used simple methods for estimating the speaking rate of a novel utterance using ASR technology. We have also implemented mechanisms that make our ASR system more robust to fast speech. Using our ROS estimator to identify fast sentences in the test set, our rate-dependent system has 24.5% fewer errors on the fastest sentences and 6.2% fewer errors on all sentences of the WSJ93 evaluation set relative to the baseline HMM/MLP system.
Streaming Analysis of Discourse Participants

Inferring attributes of discourse participants has been treated as a batch-processing task: data such as all tweets from a given author are gathered in bulk, processed, analyzed for a particular feature, then reported as a result of academic interest. Given the sources and scale of material used in these efforts, along with potential use cases of such analytic tools, discourse analysis should be reconsidered as a streaming challenge. We show that under certain common formulations, the batch-processing analytic framework can be decomposed into a sequential series of updates, using as an example the task of gender classification. Once in a streaming framework, and motivated by large data sets generated by social media services, we present novel results in approximate counting, showing its applicability to space efficient streaming classification.
Techniques of black male re/dress: corporeal drag and kinesthetic politics in the rebirth of Waacking/Punkin’

The improvisation-based dance Waacking/Punking developed in gay underground disco clubs of 1970s Los Angeles and circulated transnationally via television's landmark black music/dance show Soul Train. With almost all male progenitors passing during the early AIDS crisis, the culture was reborn in the 2000s to the transnational hip-hop/street dance arena, now a competition style dominated by nonblack cisgender females. While seeming to promote hetero-normative gender performance, learning the dance practice potentially queers movement norms through corporeal drag – techniques for trying on and refashioning movement that transform kinesthetic consciousness. At the same time, the obscure structural positioning of the black male figure associated with Waacking/Punking's historical context complicates and disorients gendered notions of power and racialized sexuality in its rebirth. This trans-methodological study centers experiences of black practitioners, drawing from first-person stories of pioneer and new g...
A technique for wideband impedance characterization of practical monopoles in free space and parallel plate structures

The authors present the development of wideband network models for practical monopoles in both free space and parallel plate structures. The models are demonstrated for practical monopole realizations in the 3-20-GHz frequency range. The synthesis technique, which utilizes precision measured data and nonlinear weighted least-squares estimation, has been shown to provide accurate network models for monopole antennas in free space and in a parallel plate structure. >
IRAK4 kinase activity is not required for induction of endotoxin tolerance but contributes to TLR2-mediated tolerance

Prior exposure to LPS induces "endotoxin tolerance" that reprograms TLR4 responses to subsequent LPS challenge by altering expression of inflammatory mediators. Endotoxin tolerance is thought to limit the excessive cytokine storm and prevent tissue damage during sepsis but renders the host immunocompromised and susceptible to secondary infections. Tolerance initiated via one TLR can affect cellular responses to challenge via the same TLR ("homotolerance") or through different TLRs ("heterotolerance"). IRAK4, an essential component of the MyD88-dependent pathway, functions as a kinase and an adapter, activating subsets of divergent signaling pathways. In this study, we addressed mechanistically the role of IRAK4 kinase activity in TLR4- and TLR2-induced tolerance using macrophages from WT versus IRAK4(KDKI) mice. Whereas IRAK4 kinase deficiency decreased LPS signaling, it did not prevent endotoxin tolerance, as endotoxin pretreatment of WT and IRAK4(KDKI) macrophages inhibited LPS-induced MAPK phosphorylation, degradation of IκB-α and recruitment of p65 to the TNF-α promoter, expression of proinflammatory cytokines, and increased levels of A20 and IRAK-M. Pretreatment of WT macrophages with Pam3Cys, a TLR2-TLR1 agonist, ablated p-p38 and p-JNK in response to challenge with Pam3Cys and LPS, whereas IRAK4(KDKI) macrophages exhibited attenuated TLR2-elicited homo- and heterotolerance at the level of MAPK activation. Thus, IRAK4 kinase activity is not required for the induction of endotoxin tolerance but contributes significantly to TLR2-elicited homo- and heterotolerance.
Regression of extensive pulmonary metastases in mice by adoptive transfer of antigen-specific CD8(+) CTL reactive against tumor cells expressing a naturally occurring rejection epitope.

In this study, we developed a mouse model of adoptive immunotherapy reflecting immune recognition of syngeneic tumor cells naturally expressing an endogenous rejection Ag. Specifically, in a pulmonary metastases model, we examined the potency and maintenance of an antitumor CD8(+) CTL response in vivo, as well as its effectiveness against an "extensive" tumor burden. The approach taken was to first generate tumor-specific CTL from mice challenged with the CMS4 sarcoma coadministered with anti-CTLA4 mAb, which has been shown to facilitate the induction of Ag-specific T cell responses in vivo. An H-2L(d)-restricted nonamer peptide, derived from an endogenous murine leukemia provirus was identified as a CMS4-reactive CTL epitope based upon the following: CTL cross-recognition of another syngeneic tumor cell line (CT26 colon carcinoma) previously characterized to express that gene product; sensitization of Ag-negative lymphoblasts or P815 targets with the peptide; and by cold target inhibition assays. In vivo, the adoptive transfer of CMS4-reactive CTL (> or =1 x 10(6)) resulted in nearly the complete regression of 3-day established lung metastases. Furthermore, mice that rejected CMS4 following a single adoptive transfer of CTL displayed antitumor activity to a rechallenge 45 days later, not only in the lung, but also at a s.c. distal site. Lastly, the adoptive transfer of CTL to mice harboring extensive pulmonary metastases (> 150 nodules) led to a substantial reduction in tumor burden. Overall, these data suggest that the adoptive transfer of tumor-specific CTL may have therapeutic potential for malignancies that proliferate in or metastasize to the lung.
Stabilizing high-order, non-classical harmonic analysis of NDVI data for average annual models by damping model roughness

Fourier series and related harmonic methods have been demonstrably effective for identifying and characterizing the seasonal behaviour, or phenology, of a variety of terrestrial vegetation communities using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) time series from Earth-orbiting satellites. The ultimate temporal resolution of such applications has been limited, however, by the common practice of truncating, or low pass filtering, harmonic series to relatively low order terms, in order to suppress spurious oscillations in the model results. The temporal resolution of these techniques can be significantly improved if, along with a weighted minimization of the sum of the squared data residuals tracking the upper envelope of observed data, we also enforce an expectation of minimum model roughness to dampen spurious oscillations in predicted values. The resulting annual models have resolutions consistent with the application of special transcendental forms, such as asymmetric Gaussian and logistic (sigmoidal) functions, recently reported in the literature.
Simulation of CAA Benchmark Problems Using High-Order Spectral Difference Method and Perfectly Matched Layers

The high-order spectral difference (SD) method is used for the numerical simulation of several benchmark problems in computational aeroacoustics (CAA) to assess its effectiveness. A Perfectly Matched Layer (PML) absorbing boundary condition is implemented in the SD solver to minimize artificial wave reflections at computational boundaries. The performance of PML is tested and compared with the characteristic boundary condition. The numerical solution of Problem 1 “single airfoil response of impinging gust” in Category 3 and Problem 2 “trailing edge noise problem” in Category 4 of the Fourth Computational Aeroacoustics (CAA) Workshop on Benchmark Problems are presented here.
Safety of Subcutaneous Octreotide in Patients with Sulfonylurea-Induced Hypoglycemia and Congestive Heart Failure

Objective:To report the safe use of subcutaneous octreotide in the treatment of sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia in 2 patients with severe congestive heart failure.Case Summary:Two patients with congestive heart failure with systolic dysfunction presented with severe hypoglycemia (blood glucose level: patient 1, 31 mg/dL; patient 2, 36 mg/dL) secondary to sulfonylurea agents. The mechanism of hypoglycemia was poor oral intake and prolonged half-life of the drugs due to renal failure. Hypoglycemia was refractory to glucose supplementation. Patient 1 received 2 doses of octreotide 50 μg subcutaneously 12 hours apart, with resolution of hypoglycemia (blood glucose level: <33 mg/dL before administration of octreotide, 62 mg/dL after first dose, 121 mg/dL after second dose). Patient 2 received an initial dose of octreotide 25 μg subcutaneously; hypoglycemia persisted after this dose, and the patient was given 2 doses of 50 μg subcutaneously 12 hours apart, leading to resolution of hypoglycemia (blood glucose ...
Simple and Compound Light Microscopes

The limiting resolution d, the distance between two points barely resolved by the human eye, is called visual acuity. It varies directly with the distance D between the object and the eye. In Figure 3.1 the eye’s viewing angle V is purposely exaggerated, and the distance D from object to eye is not drawn to scale with respect to d, which separates the barely resolved points P and P. Figure 3.1 demonstrates that when distance D’ to the nearer points P’ and P’ is exactly half the distance D, then the barely resolved distance d’ between P’ and P’ is exactly half of d. This direct relationship persists as the object is brought closer and closer to the unaided eye, until the object is brought to a certain minimal distance, approximately 250 mm from the normal eye. At this distance of closest vision, the eye can resolve two points that are about 0.15 mm apart. These limits are set by the NA = 0.002 for the eye with its iris diaphragm wide open. At this setting the eye’s lens is as thick as physiologically possible.(1)
Computer-mediated communication preferences predict biobehavioral measures of social-emotional functioning

ABSTRACTThe use of computer-mediated communication (CMC) as a form of social interaction has become increasingly prevalent, yet few studies examine individual differences that may shed light on implications of CMC for adjustment. The current study examined neurocognitive individual differences associated with preferences to use technology in relation to social–emotional outcomes. In Study 1 (N = 91), a self-report measure, the Social Media Communication Questionnaire (SMCQ), was evaluated as an assessment of preferences for communicating positive and negative emotions on a scale ranging from purely via CMC to purely face-to-face. In Study 2, SMCQ preferences were examined in relation to event-related potentials (ERPs) associated with early emotional attention capture and reactivity (the frontal N1) and later sustained emotional processing and regulation (the late positive potential (LPP)). Electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded while 22 participants passively viewed emotional and neutral pictures and c...
Characterization of a novel intracellular heparanase that has a FERM domain

The catabolism of cell-surface heparan sulphate proteoglycans is initiated by endosomal heparanases, which are endoglycosidases that cleave the glycosaminoglycans off core proteins and degrade them to shorter oligosaccharides. We have purified previously four intracellular heparanase activities from Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells [Bame, Hassall, Sanderson, Venkatesan and Sun (1998) Biochem. J. 336, 191-200], and in the present study we characterize further the most abundant activity (C1A heparanase). This enzyme purifies as a family of 37-48 kDa proteins from both CHO cells and the rat liver, with the major species being 37 and 40 kDa. Amino acid sequence analysis shows the purified C1A heparanase protein is highly homologous with the N-terminal domain, or FERM domain, of the approximately 80 kDa proteins ezrin, radixin and moesin (ERM proteins, after ezrin-radixin-moesin). This domain, which is also found in erythrocyte protein 4.1, links cytoplasmic proteins to membranes. Antibodies against the FERM domain recognize all the C1A heparanase proteins on Western blots, suggesting that the smaller species are derived from a larger protein. Activity binds to, and is affected by, molecules known to interact with FERM domains, supporting the hypothesis that the intracellular C1A heparanase is the purified FERM domain protein. Since bacterially expressed FERM domains of radixin and moesin lack heparanase activity, and some tryptic peptides generated from the enzyme do not have a match in any ERM protein, it appears that, rather than being derived from ezrin, radixin or moesin, C1A heparanase may be a new member of the FERM domain family.
Behaviorism: Are Reports of Its Death Exaggerated?

Despite reports that behaviorism is dead or dying, examination of the data indicates otherwise. The opinions of psychology historians, the number of professional associations devoted to behaviorism, and the increasing number of behavioral publications all support the conclusion that behaviorism is vital and growing.
Can All Strangers Talk to Us?: Citizenship on a Stroll

How can a teenage girl in Brooklyn get to and from school and what does her community owe to her on her route? My project considers this issue and is a study and normative critique of gendered citizenly interaction in public spaces throughout society with special attention to the unique character and concerns of same-race sexual harassment in areas of concentrated poverty in both the United States and South Africa. What do group solidarity and civic friendship require in this instance? How must women interact with men whom others fear without reason? Is harassment the sacrifice that group solidarity, civic friendship and free speech require of women? If so, what is offered in return? In this paper I consider Iris Marion Young's concept of gender as seriality, (important as all women do not react to and experience harassment in the same way), Tommie Shelby's claim that black solidarity is the key to a racial equality and Danielle Allen's claims regarding how we should interact with strangers in thinking about strangers within one's affinity group.
Oncology nurses need to get serious about cancer rehabilitation .

Patients with cancer suffer greatly. Rehabilitation helps them suffer less, and yet very few patients with cancer get rehabilitation services of any kind. Oncology nurses are well positioned to see the toll that cancer and its treatment take on patients and to facilitate appropriate supportive care, including rehabilitation. .
Large amplitude free vibrations of composite plates using the finite element time domain—modal method

A multi-mode time-domain modal formulation based on the finite element method for nonlinear free vibration of thin composite plates is presented. Accurate frequency—maximum deflection relations can be obtained for the fundamental and higher nonlinear modes. The participation values of linear modes would indicate the minimum number of linear modes required for accurate frequency predictions. The classical single-mode, elliptic function frequency solution and other single-mode approximate solutions for simply supported beams and square plates are assessed. Numerical examples on orthotropic and composite plates are given, and the characteristics of nonlinear response are studied.
Phenology of the Adult Celery Looper, Syngrapha falcifera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), in Iowa: Evidence for Migration

Ovarian dynamics indicate that the celery looper, Syngrapha falcifera (Kirby), does not overwinter in Iowa. Additionally, early spring population trends, ovarian dynamics, and associated weather patterns strongly imply that the celery looper is a migrant into the state. Estimated celery looper development requirements of 377 degree-days per generation with developmental thresholds of 8.3°C minimum and 32.6°C maximum were determined from field data by the least-variability method. Developmental requirements and ovarian dissections allowed the discrimination of four complete generations in 1984 through 1986.
Synthesis and Structure of Ultrafine Zeolite KL (LTL) Crystallites and their Use for Thin Film Zeolite Processing

Synthesis conditions were identified leading to agglomerates of nearly cylindrical zeolite nanocrystals with dimensions less than 50 nm in the channel direction and approximately 10 nm in diameter (in the direction perpendicular to the zeolite channels). The nanocrystals form agglomerates with approximate particle sizes ranging from 20 to 400 nm as determined by DLS. Washing with repeated centrifugation and sonication results in stable (over long periods of time) colloidal suspensions of the zeolite particles in water (pH ∼ 7) with zeolite concentrations of lOg/l. The average zeolite particle size of the suspension can be as low as 20 nm as determined by DLS. Films free of microcracks were prepared from these suspensions by evaporation of water.
Temporal Fluctuations in the Density of Filamentous Fungal Propagules in the Water of a High-Marsh Creek

Filamentous fungi have been employed as indicators to study tLe movements of marsh waters within a salt marsh. Water samples were collected from a primary station monitoring a high-marsh creek, and a secondary station located at a large creek that forms a major connection between the marsh and the ocean. Samples were obtained during several tidal cycles and the density of propagules of filamentous fungi capable of growth on Martin's medium was determined. The plate counts ranged from 1 to 7,200 propagules per liter with the lower numbers during early summer and the higher levels during late summer and fall. The temporal variability in the density of suspended propagules was irregular with no evidence of a tide-induced fluctuation. The result indicated the "new" water from the near-shore oceanic environment did not intrude appreciably into the high marsh during flooding tides.
NOTE ON APPLICATION OF THE SEMANTIC DIFFERENTIAL TO THE ELECTORAL PROCESS

A question emerging from a review of the application of the semantic differential to the electoral process concerns whether a candidate's image is stimulus- or perceiver-determined, does a candidat...
Innovation in Politic Theory Teaching in Colleges and Universities

According to the educational philosophy, to carry out the education of innovation importane is to put to the students' fine qualities of humanities . In the 21st century, the ideas of education, systems and methods should take their own seats.
Effects of sowing date on the growth characteristics and utilization of temperature and illumination of high quality japonica rice Nanjing 9108 in different ecological regions

To provide a theoretical basis of scientific division and layout of japonica rice Nanjing9108 under rice-wheat copping system in different ecological regions of Jiangsu,we studied the growth characteristics and utilization of temperature and illumination of high-quality rice Nanjing9108 at different sowing dates with mechanical-transplanting in Xinghua( Suzhong,33°05' N) of Lixiahe rice-growing region and Donghai( Subei,34°34' N) of Huaibei rice-growing region. As the sowing date delayed,jointing,heading and maturity stages postponed accordingly and the yield of Nanjing 9108 reduced. As the sowing date delayed 1 d,the growth period shortened0. 5 d and the yield decreased by 59. 6 kg·hm- 2. With the increase of latitude,jointing,heading and maturity stages at the same sowing date were delayed correspondingly,while the accumulated temperature and illumination hours decreased. The growth period in Donghai extended13. 4 d compared with that in Xinghua at the same sowing date. Furthermore,the average production in Donghai was 289. 7 kg·hm- 2less than in Xinghua. The accumulated temperature and illumination at different sowing dates reduced significantly or very significantly from jointing to mature stages,especially from heading to mature stages. Different ecological regions and sowing dates had great impacts on growth stage,accumulated temperature illumination,and yield production.Sowing on May 21 st to June 6th is suitable for high yield of Nanjing 9108 in Lixiahe rice-growing region,and sowing on May 21 st to May 26 th is appropriate in Huaibei rice-growing region. If rape and barley are previous crops,appropriately early sowing is beneficial for high yield.
The Interrelationship of Clotting and Immunologic Mechanisms

Hageman factor occupies a pivotal position in linking immunologic reactions with clotting mechanisms. In addition to initiating clot formation and dissolution, this factor is capable of activating the complement sequence and effecting kinin release. Clinical implications of this interrelationship may extend over a range of syndromes as disparate as the acute gout episode and “blue velvet” disease in drug addicts.
When should children have their first dental visit

In summary, the goals of infant oral health care are to: Break the cycle of early childhood caries; Disrupt the acquisition of harmful microflora; Manage the risk/benefit of habits; Establish a dental home for health or harm; Impart optimal fluoride protection; and Use anticipatory guidance to arm parents in the therapeutic alliance.