cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Teratogenic Potential of Cacodylic Acid in the Rat and Mouse

ABSTRACTCacodylic acid, an organic arsenical herbicide, was administered to time-pregnant albino CD rats and CD-1 mice on days 7–16 of gestation. The compound was given by gastric intubation as a solution in distilled water. Rats received 0, 7.5, 15, 30, 40, 50, or 60 mg/kg/day in 0.2 ml/day intubation volume; mice received 0, 200, 400, or 600 mg/kg/day in 0.1 ml/day. Following maternal sacrifice on day 18 (mice) and 21 (rats), fetuses were weighed and fixed for skeletal and visceral examinations. Fetal and maternal toxicity was observed in both species. In the mouse, maternal toxicity was evident at the lowest dose, while teratogenic response was confined to cleft palate at 400 and 600 mg/kg/day. The effective maternal toxic dose in the rat was 40 mg/kg/day. In this species, incidence of irregular palatine rugae, i.e., ridges that were discontinuous and/or not lying in apposition at the palatal raphe, was significantly (p < 0.001) dose-related. The results suggest an “apparent no effect level” for this a...
Toward Automated Multi-trait Scoring of Essays: Investigating Links among Holistic, Analytic, and Text Feature Scores

The main purpose of the study was to investigate the distinctness and reliability of analytic (or multi-trait) rating dimensions and their relationships to holistic scores and e-rater® essay feature variables in the context of the TOEFL® computer-based test (TOEFL CBT) writing assessment. Data analyzed in the study were holistic and multi-trait essay scores provided by human raters and essay feature variable scores computed by e-rater® (version 2.0) for two TOEFL CBT writing prompts. It was found that (i) all of the six multi-trait scores were not only correlated among themselves but also correlated with the holistic score, (ii) high correlations obtained among holistic and multi-trait scores were largely attributable to the impact of essay length on both holistic and multi-trait scoring, and (iii) some strong associations were confirmed between several e-rater variables and multi-trait rating dimensions. Implications are discussed for improving the multi-trait scoring of essays, refining e-rater essay feature variables, and validating automated essay scores.
Variational quantum Monte Carlo study of two-dimensional Wigner crystals: Exchange, correlation, and magnetic-field effects.

The two-dimensional Wigner crystals are studied with the variational quantum Monte Carlo method. The close relationship between the ground-state wave function and the collective excitations in the system is illustrated, and used to guide the construction of the ground-state wave function of the strongly correlated solid. Exchange, correlation, and magnetic-field effects all give rise to distinct physical phenomena. In the absence of any external magnetic field, interesting spin orderings are observed in the ground state of the electron crystal in various two-dimensional lattices. In particular, two-dimensional bipartite lattices are shown not to lead necessarily to an antiferromagnetic ground state. In the quantum Hall effect regime, a strong magnetic field introduces energy and length scales. The magnetic field quenches the kinetic energy and poses constraints on how the electrons may correlate with each other. Care is taken to ensure the appropriate translational properties of the wave function when the system is in a uniform magnetic field. We have examined the exchange, intra-Landau-level correlation as well as Landau-level-mixing effects with various variational wave functions. We also determine their dependences on the experimental parameters such as the carrier effective mass at a modulation-doped semiconductor heterojunction. Our results, when combined with some recent calculations for the energy of the fractional quantum Hall liquid including Landau-level-mixing, show quantitatively that in going from n doping to p doping in GaAs/${\mathrm{Al}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$As heterojunction systems, the crossover filling factor from the fractional quantum Hall liquid to the Wigner crystal changes from filling factor \ensuremath{\nu}\ensuremath{\sim}1/5 to \ensuremath{\nu}\ensuremath{\sim}1/3. This lends strong support to the claim that the observed reentrant insulating phases around \ensuremath{\nu}=1/5 for n-doped and around \ensuremath{\nu}=1/3 for p-doped high-mobility samples are primarily caused by electron-electron interaction effects. We discuss the possible implications of our theoretical results for some recent experiments carried out in the quantum Hall regime in search of the electron solid.
Ultrasonic Guided Wave Monitoring of Composite Bonded Joints Using Macro Fiber Composite Transducers

The monitoring of adhesively-bonded joints through the use of ultrasonic guided waves is the general topic of this paper. Specifically, composite-to-composite joints representative of the wing skin-to-spar bonds of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are examined. This research is the first step towards the development of an on-board structural health monitoring system for UAV wings based on integrated ultrasonic sensors. The study investigates two different lay-ups for the wing skin and two different types of bond defects, namely poorly-cured adhesive and disbonded interfaces. The guided wave propagation problem is studied numerically by a semi-analytical finite element method that accounts for viscoelastic damping, and experimentally by utilizing macro fiber composite (MFC) transducers which are inexpensive, flexible, highly robust, and viable candidates for application in on-board monitoring systems. Based upon change in energy transmission, the presence of damage is successfully identified through features extracted in both the time domain and discrete wavelet transform domain. A unique "passive" version of the diagnostic system is also demonstrated experimentally, whereby MFC sensors are utilized for detecting and locating simulated active damage in an aluminum plate. By exploiting the directivity behavior of MFC sensors, a damage location algorithm which is independent of wave speed is developed. Application of this approach in CFRP components may alleviate difficulties associated with damage location in highly anisotropic systems.
Constraints on ΔG from prompt photon plus jet production at HERA-N̄

Abstract The utility of prompt photon plus associated jet production for constraining the size and shape of the polarized gluon density of the proton ΔG is examined at s = 40 GeV , appropriate for the proposed HERA-N polarized p p collider experiment. The calculation is performed at next-to-leading order (O(ααs2)) in QCD. The reliability of the predictions are examined in some detail.
Identification of Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells in Dogs with Naturally Occurring Cancer

Dogs with naturally occurring cancer represent an important large animal model for drug development and testing novel immunotherapies. However, poorly defined immunophenotypes of canine leukocytes have limited the study of tumor immunology in dogs. The accumulation of myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) is known to be a key mechanism of immune suppression in tumor-bearing mice and in human patients. We sought to identify MDSCs in the blood of dogs with cancer. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from dogs with advanced or early stage cancer and from age-matched healthy controls were analyzed by flow cytometry and microscopy. Suppressive function was tested in T cell proliferation and cytokine elaboration assays. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR was used to identify potential mechanisms responsible for immunosuppression. PBMCs from dogs with advanced or metastatic cancer exhibited a significantly higher percentage of CD11b+CD14−MHCII− cells compared to dogs diagnosed with early stage non-metastatic tumors and healthy dogs. These CD11b+ CD14−MHCII− cells constitute a subpopulation of activated granulocytes that co-purify with PBMCs, display polymorphonuclear granulocyte morphology, and demonstrate a potent ability to suppress proliferation and IFN-γ production in T cells from normal and tumor-bearing donors. Furthermore, these cells expressed hallmark suppressive factors of human MDSC including ARG1, iNOS2, TGF-β and IL-10. In summary our data demonstrate that MDSCs accumulate in the blood of dogs with advanced cancer and can be measured using this three-marker immunophenotype, thereby enabling prospective studies that can monitor MDSC burden.
Using perfusion fMRI to measure continuous changes in neural activity with learning

In this study, we examine the suitability of a relatively new imaging technique, arterial spin labeled perfusion imaging, for the study of continuous, gradual changes in neural activity. Unlike BOLD imaging, the perfusion signal is stable over long time-scales, allowing for accurate assessment of continuous performance. In addition, perfusion fMRI provides an absolute measure of blood flow so signal changes can be interpreted without reference to a baseline. The task we used was the serial response time task, a sequence learning task. Our results show reliable correlations between performance improvements and decreases in blood flow in premotor cortex and the inferior parietal lobe, supporting the model that learning procedures that increase efficiency of processing will be reflected in lower metabolic needs in tissues that support such processes. More generally, our results show that perfusion fMRI may be applied to the study of mental operations that produce gradual changes in neural activity.
Development of a SQUID-Based ${}^{3}\hbox{He}$ Co-Magnetometer Readout for a Neutron Electric Dipole Moment Experiment

A discovery of a permanent electric dipole moment (EDM) of the neutron would provide one of the most important low energy tests of the discrete symmetries beyond the Standard Model of particle physics. A new search of neutron EDM, to be conducted at the spallation neutron source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, is designed to improve the present experimental limit of ~10-26 e·cm by two orders of magnitude. The experiment is based on the magnetic-resonance technique in which polarized neutrons precess at the Larmor frequency when placed in a static magnetic field; a nonzero EDM would be evident as a difference in precession frequency when a strong external electric field is applied parallel versus antiparallel to the magnetic field. In addition to its role as neutron spin-analyser via the spin-dependent n+3He nuclear capture reaction, polarized helium-3 (which has negligible EDM) will serve as co-magnetometer to correct for drifts in the magnetic field. In one of the two methods that will be built into the apparatus, the helium-3 precession signal is read out by SQUID-based gradiometers. We present a design study of a SQUID system suitable for the neutron EDM apparatus, and discuss using very long leads between the pickup loop and the SQUID.
Determination of uronic acid in uronides by application of a new microgram-scale isotope dilution method for carbon dioxide

Conditions studied earlier by Tracey [(1948) Biochem. J.43, 185] are used for acid decarboxylation in sealed tubes of uronide samples supplemented with 6-14C-labeled uronic acid. The specific activity of the CO2 evolved is measured as the ratio of radioactivity to area of the CO2 peak obtained in a gas chromatogram. By appropriate standardization, samples containing some 60 nmol of uronic acid can be analyzed with reproducibility and apparent accuracy of about ±2% (mean deviation). The techniques developed for uronic acid analysis should apply with minor modification to any problem requiring accurate measurement of CO2 in small amounts.
Cognitive deficits among functionally psychotic patients: A rehabilitative perspective

Psychological and neuropsychological assessments of psychiatric patients are usually designed to contribute to or document psychiatric diagnoses. The present article suggests that reframing the task to focus on cognitive rehabilitation issues can contribute significantly to the treatment of the chronic patient. A test protocol is proposed and exemplary tests suggested.
The ontogeny of escape behavior, locomotor performance, and the hind limb in Sceloporus woodi

Flight initiation distance describes the distance at which an animal flees during the approach of a predator. This distance presumably reflects the tradeoff between the benefits of fleeing versus the benefits of remaining stationary. Throughout ontogeny, the costs and benefits of flight may change substantially due to growth-related changes in sprint speed; thus ontogenetic variation in flight initiation distance may be substantial. If escape velocity is essential for surviving predator encounters, then juveniles should either tolerate short flight initiation distances and rely on crypsis, or should have high flight initiation distances to remain far away from their predators. We examined this hypothesis in a small, short-lived lizard (Sceloporus woodi). Flight initiation distance and escape velocity were recorded on an ontogenetic series of lizards in the field. Maximal running velocity was also quantified in a laboratory raceway to establish if escape velocities in the field compared with maximal velocities as measured in the lab. Finally a subset of individuals was used to quantify how muscle and limb size scale with body size throughout ontogeny. Flight initiation distance increased with body size; larger animals had higher flight initiation distances. Small lizards had short flight initiation distances and remained immobile longer, thus relying on crypsis for concealment. Escape velocity in the field did not vary with body size, yet maximum velocity in the lab did increase with size. Hind limb morphology scaled isometrically with body size. Isometric scaling of the hind limb elements and its musculature, coupled with similarities in sprint and escape velocity across ontogeny, demonstrate that smaller S. woodi must rely on crypsis to avoid predator encounters, whereas adults alter their behavior via larger flight initiation distance and lower (presumably less expensive) escape velocities.
A succession-energy framework for reducing non-target impacts of annual crop production

Annual cropping systems dominate the earth's global cropland and contribute significantly to agriculture's overall impact on the environment. Ecological succession and thermodynamics provide useful frameworks for conceptualizing these systems and elucidating the mechanistic basis for their associated impacts. Under a succession-energy framework, annual cropping systems represent a state of perpetual early secondary succession which can only be maintained through the application of management energy. It is this management energy – often in the form of herbicides, physical disturbance, or synthetic N fertilizer – which ultimately results in non-target impacts on the environment. Additional negative environmental impacts occur as a consequence of our ability to undermine ecological succession processes that would otherwise absorb or convert the applied energy and materials to biomass. A conceptual model based on the relationship between the rate of ecological succession and management energy highlights how these factors interact to influence the magnitude of non-target environmental impact associated with annual crop production. This model provides a context for understanding, predicting, and mitigating some of the environmental impacts of agricultural management practices. Viewing agroecosystems through the lens of succession suggests that management practices that effectively ‘perennialize’ annual systems – by maintaining living plant cover, integrating perennial crops, or mimicking or promoting later successional processes and functions – will reduce the overall environmental impacts associated with annual crop production.
Yeast V-ATPase Complexes Containing Different Isoforms of the 100-kDa a-subunit Differ in Coupling Efficiency and in VivoDissociation

The 100 kDa a-subunit of the yeast vacuolar (H(+))-ATPase (V-ATPase) is encoded by two genes, VPH1 and STV1. These genes encode unique isoforms of the a-subunit that have previously been shown to reside in different intracellular compartments in yeast. Vph1p localizes to the central vacuole, whereas Stv1p is present in some other compartment, possibly the Golgi or endosomes. To compare the properties of V-ATPases containing Vph1p or Stv1p, Stv1p was expressed at higher than normal levels in a strain disrupted in both genes, under which conditions V-ATPase complexes containing Stv1p appear in the vacuole. Complexes containing Stv1p showed lower assembly with the peripheral V(1) domain than did complexes containing Vph1p. When corrected for this lower degree of assembly, however, V-ATPase complexes containing Vph1p and Stv1p had similar kinetic properties. Both exhibited a K(m) for ATP of about 250 microm, and both showed resistance to sodium azide and vanadate and sensitivity to nanomolar concentrations of concanamycin A. Stv1p-containing complexes, however, showed a 4-5-fold lower ratio of proton transport to ATP hydrolysis than Vph1p-containing complexes. We also compared the ability of V-ATPase complexes containing Vph1p or Stv1p to undergo in vivo dissociation in response to glucose depletion. Vph1p-containing complexes present in the vacuole showed dissociation in response to glucose depletion, whereas Stv1p-containing complexes present in their normal intracellular location (Golgi/endosomes) did not. Upon overexpression of Stv1p, Stv1p-containing complexes present in the vacuole showed glucose-dependent dissociation. Blocking delivery of Vph1p-containing complexes to the vacuole in vps21Delta and vps27Delta strains caused partial inhibition of glucose-dependent dissociation. These results suggest that dissociation of the V-ATPase complex in vivo is controlled both by the cellular environment and by the 100-kDa a-subunit isoform present in the complex.
Psychopathy, aggression, and family history in male veteran substance abuse patients: a factor analytic study

Abstract Forty-one male patients consecutively admitted to an inpatient VA substance abuse program completed the Psychopathic States Inventory, the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory, and the WAIS. Multiple significant intercorrelations between scale scores were noted, prompting a factor analysis to identify constructs to explain these correlations. Four orthogonal factors were isolated: Factor I — impulsivity/narcissism/sociopathy; Factor II — assaultive aggression; Factor III — irritative aggression; Factor IV — IQ. Patient factor scores were distributed independent from family history of alcohol or other substance abuse among first-degree relatives. Family history status did not discriminate onset of substance abuse, ’pure‘ alcohol abuse versus mixed substance abuse, educational attainment, or socioeconomic status. These factors may have further utility in investigating the relationship between psychopathy, aggression, and substance abuse.
The mystery of boulders moved by tsunamis and storms

Abstract Boulders are moved differently in storm and tsunami and produce different characteristics of the boulder deposits. This contribution is motivated by two observations. One by Bourgeois and MacInnes (2010), which described that boulders were moved selectively due to different bed roughness during 15 November 2006 tsunami on the island of Matua. The second topic is motivated by the boulder lines on Ishigaki Island by Goto et al. (2010). Both topics are approached with linear wave theory and stability analysis. From both, the safety factor is derived for a spherical boulder with bed roughness and exposure as moment arms, with which we are able to quantify the influence of bed roughness on the incipient motion of boulders. For constant forces, a bed roughness of about 30% of the boulder radius will prevent boulder transport. Furthermore, the comparison between storm and tsunami waves in terms of the amplitude necessary to move boulders revealed that amplitude of storm waves is smaller than tsunami, which we ascribe to the contribution of both velocity components to lift forces. The comparison of total energy and number of waves revealed that storms have a larger total energy and a much larger number of waves, which lead us to the conclusion that tsunamis produce unorganized boulder deposits; whereas, storms are capable of organizing boulders along lines and in clusters.
Efficient deployment of fiber-optic cable seismic sensors

We explore the options in deployment of fiber-optic cables as seismic sensors, a technology that has only become practical recently. Cables provide sensing capabilities along their lengths and thus provide a fundamentally different capability than the traditional point sensors. Furthermore, cables can have gradual curves, and this enables deployments to be fit precisely to sensing needs such as irregularities in the terrain. We discuss grid deployments and contrast them with curving deployments such as regular and irregular spirals. We discuss how to manage deployments over terrain with varying degrees of interest for monitoring. We then discuss some of the processing challenges in analyzing data where one dimension (distance) is much more precise than another (time of occurrence). Key concerns are in detecting changes in speed and direction, which can be tracked if processors hand off data to one another at known turn points such as road intersections. We discuss a bent-cable deployment that can facilitate such tracking.
Measuring the Experience, Expression, and Control of Anger

(1995). Measuring the Experience, Expression, and Control of Anger. Issues in Comprehensive Pediatric Nursing: Vol. 18, No. 3, pp. 207-232.
A Two‐Region Model of Preferential Flow of Chemicals Using a Transfer Function Approach

Preferential flow processes are often used to explain rapid leaching of chemicals through intact soils. In this study we postulate a physical model within the framework of transfer function modeling, to describe the multiple chemicals mass peaks in leachate from multiple rainstorms after a one-time chemical application. Two flow regions are assumed, the fast flow zone (preferrential flow region) and a slow flow zone. The fast flow zone is completely leached of chemicals during each rainstorm event and subsequently replenished by the slow zone during periods between storms
Is Psychological Research Really as Good as Medical Research? Effect Size Comparisons between Psychology and Medicine:

Researchers have looked at comparisons between medical epidemiological research and psychological research using effect size r in an effort to compare relative effects. Often the outcomes of such e...
Natural History of Radiculopathy

Abstract Radicular pain is a frequent complaint of patients presenting to outpatient primary care and musculoskeletal clinics. Most cases of radiculopathy are self-limiting, and symptoms resolve over the course of weeks to months. There is spontaneous resolution of disc herniations, and clinical improvement correlates with morphologic resolution. Knowledge of the natural history of radiculopathy is crucial for the health care provider to appropriately counsel and treat patients with this disorder. Although each patient should be managed individually, the favorable prognosis of radiculopathy based on the natural history supports a conservative approach for the initial weeks to months for most patients.
Analysis of human urine for fifteen phthalate metabolites using automated solid-phase extraction

We improved our previous analytical method to measure phthalate metabolites in urine as biomarkers for phthalate exposure by automating the solid-phase extraction (SPE) procedure and expanding the analytical capability to quantify four additional metabolites: phthalic acid, mono-3-carboxypropyl phthalate, mono-isobutyl phthalate (miBP), and monomethyl isophthalate. The method, which involves automated SPE followed by isotope dilution-high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-electrospray ionization (ESI)-tandem mass spectrometry (MS), allows for the quantitative measurement of 15 phthalate metabolites in urine with detection limits in the low ng/ml range. SPE automation allowed for the unattended sequential extraction of up to 100 samples at a time, and resulted in an increased sample throughput, lower solvent use, and better reproducibility than the manual SPE. Furthermore, the modified method permitted for the first time, the separation and quantification of mono-n-butyl phthalate (mBP) and its structural isomer miBP. The method was validated on spiked pooled urine samples and on pooled urine samples from persons with no known exposure to phthalates.
Income differentials required to make fellowship training in female pelvic medicine and reconstructive pelvic surgery financially neutral

We used standard financial techniques and a return-on-educational-investment model to calculate the required annual income necessary to render additional fellowship training in female pelvic medicine and reconstructive pelvic surgery financially neutral. To explore a range of potential outcomes, we conducted a sensitivity analysis that used various discount rates and retirement ages. Compared to obstetrics/gynecology residents who go directly into private practice, residents who pursue fellowship training in female pelvic medicine and reconstructive pelvic surgery experience a financial loss of more than $400,000 to $600,000, assuming there is no income differential after fellowship. To render the additional training financially neutral requires an annual income that is 16-31% higher than that of general obstetrician/gynecologists. Required additional annual income was on the lower end of this spectrum when modeling later retirement age estimates and using lower discount rates. Fourth year obstetrician/gynecology residents considering female pelvic medicine/reconstructive surgery require higher incomes over the working lifetime to render fellowship training financially neutral.
On quadrature error expansions. Part I

Abstract We treat the theory of numerical quadrature over a square using an m2 copy Q(m)ƒ of a one-point quadrature rule. For some integrand functions the quadrature error Q(m)ƒ − Iƒ may be expressed as an asymptotic expansion in inverse powers of m or other simple functions of m. We determine in some cases the nature of this expansion and derive integral representations for both the coefficients and the remainder term. In this part we deal only with smooth functions and those having algebraic line singularities along edges. In some of these cases the form is already known but some of the integral representations are new. These results form the basis for Part II in which new expansions, for integrands having algebraic singularities along intersecting edges and point algebraic singularities at the vertices will be presented.
Neighborhoods, Acculturation, Crime, and Victimization Among Hispanics: The Cross-Fertilization of the Sociologies of Immigration and Crime:

Hispanics represent the fastest growing demographic in the United States and will constitute the majority of the population by 2050. Despite this considerable growth, criminology has largely ignored these groups and research in this area lags behind. This article is an attempt to address these oversights by offering recommendations for a theoretically driven research agenda related to Hispanic crime and victimization. Drawing from the sociologies of crime and immigration, we describe several ways in which to extend and integrate the knowledge base on these topics; more specifically, we offer suggestions for disentangling the link between acculturation, crime, and victimization among Hispanics and how the links between these may depend on the neighborhood context in which Hispanics reside. We conclude with a modest research agenda on conceptual, methodological, and statistical issues.
Temporal pattern cues in vibrational risk assessment by embryos of the red-eyed treefrog, Agalychnis callidryas

The embryos of red-eyed treefrogs, Agalychnis callidryas, use vibrations transmitted through their arboreal egg clutch to cue escape hatching behavior when attacked by egg-eating snakes. Hatching early increases the risk of predation in the water, so embryos should avoid it unless they are in danger. We exposed egg clutches to intermittent vibrations with different combinations of vibration duration and spacing to examine the role of simple temporal pattern cues in the escape hatching response. Stimuli were bursts of synthetic white noise from 0 to 100 Hz, including the range of frequencies with substantial energy in snake attacks, and had approximately rectangular amplitude envelopes. Embryos hatched in response to a small range of temporal patterns and not in response to many others, rather than hatching to most vibrations except for certain patterns perceived as safe. Neither cycle length nor duty cycle predicted hatching response, except at extreme values where no hatching occurred; the highest energy stimuli elicited little or no hatching. Both vibration duration and inter-vibration interval strongly affected the hatching response. The highest levels of hatching were to durations of 0.5 s combined with intervals of 1.5-2.5 s, and hatching decreased gradually with increasing difference of either duration or interval from these most effective stimuli. Vibration duration and interval appear to function as two necessary elements of a composite cue, rather than as redundant cues. This increases response specificity and reduces the range of stimuli that elicit hatching, likely reducing the chance of hatching unnecessarily in a benign disturbance. Vibration-cued hatching in A. callidryas embryos offers an opportunity to experimentally assess the behavioral decision rules underlying an effective and costly anti-predator defense.
Concentrations and isotope ratios of dissolved inorganic carbon in denitrifying environments

We measured the concentration and isotope ratio of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in groundwater associated with denitrification (Corg + NO3−=CO2 + N2) in an agriculturally impacted site in southwestern Michigan. Samples with the lowest nitrate levels also had low dissolved oxygen content and were more depleted in δ13C than background groundwater. All the samples had DIC concentrations in excess of titratable alkalinity. The magnitude of this DIC in excess of alkalinity correlated with a decreasing δ13C attesting to the presence of CO2 derived from organic carbon. Carbon dioxide is one of the by-products of denitrification. Since the carbon isotope ratio of carbon dioxide produced during denitrification can be expected to be similar to that of the substrate consumed in the process, this can serve as a useful tool in monitoring denitrification. The estimated carbon isotope ratio of source carbon added to the DIC pool via denitrification was close to the value obtained for the organic carbon in the aquifer solids, suggesting that the carbon substrate used in denitrification came from soil organic matter. The results provide support for the hypothesis that the concentration and carbon isotope ratios (δ13C) of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in groundwater might be useful to monitor denitrification.
Boltzmann test of Slonczewski's theory of spin-transfer torque

We use a matrix Boltzmann equation formalism to test the accuracy of Slonczewski's theory of spin-transfer torque in thin-film heterostructures where a nonmagnetic spacer layer separates two noncollinear ferromagnetic layers connected to nonmagnetic leads. When applicable, the model predictions for the torque as a function of the angle between the two ferromagnets agree extremely well with the torques computed from a Boltzmann equation calculation. We focus on asymmetric structures (where the two ferromagnets and two leads are not identical) where the agreement pertains to an analytic formula for the torque derived by us using Slonczewski's theory. In almost all cases, we can predict the correct value of the model parameters directly from the geometric and transport properties of the multilayer. For some asymmetric geometries, we predict a mode of stable precession that does not occur for the symmetric case studied by Slonczewski.
HIV Locus of Control and Adaptation to Seropositivity1

The role of HIV locus of control in adaptation to HIV disease was evaluated in a sample of 588 military medical beneficiaries with predominantly asymptomatic, early stage HIV infection. Cluster analysis yielded 4 configurations of HIV locus of control, with high levels of depression related to a cluster where internal and powerful others control were highly endorsed. External attributions of control generally appeared more adaptive. Results are discussed in relation to Rotter's social learning theory and its implications for adaptive aspects of locus of control.
Magnetic correlations and pairing in the 1/5-depleted square lattice Hubbard model.

We study the single-orbital Hubbard model on the $1/5$-depleted square-lattice geometry, which arises in such diverse systems as the spin-gap magnetic insulator ${\mathrm{CaV}}_{4}{\mathrm{O}}_{9}$ and ordered-vacancy iron selenides, presenting new issues regarding the origin of both magnetic ordering and superconductivity in these materials. We find a rich phase diagram that includes a plaquette singlet phase, a dimer singlet phase, a N\'eel and a block-spin antiferromagnetic phase, and stripe phases. Quantum Monte Carlo simulations show that the dominant pairing correlations at half filling change character from $d$ wave in the plaquette phase to extended $s$ wave upon transition to the N\'eel phase. These findings have intriguing connections to iron-based superconductors, and suggest that some physics of multiorbital systems can be captured by a single-orbital model at different dopings.
Ascorbate-stimulated lipid peroxidation and non-heme iron concentrations in Alzheimer disease

Lipid peroxidation has been suggested to be a potential cause of neuronal damage in neurodegenerative diseases. Changes in several parameters of lipid peroxidation, including basal (unstimulated) lipid peroxidation, stimulated lipid peroxidation, tissue iron concentrations, and the concentrations of some oxygen radical scavengers, have been reported in neurodegenerative diseases. However, the in vitro interaction of oxygen radical scavengers and stimulated lipid peroxidation in neurodegenerative disease has been less wellstudied. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of oxygen radical scavengers on ascorbate-stimulated lipid peroxidation in Alzheimer disease (AD). We have found that some parameters of ascorbate-stimulated lipid peroxidation are altered in AD and that the effects of superoxide dismutase (SOD) on ascorbatestimulated lipid peroxidation are significantly different in AD as compared to aged.
Fermi liquid near Pomeranchuk quantum criticality

We analyze the behavior of an itinerant two-dimensional Fermi system near a charge nematic $(n=2)$ Pomeranchuk instability in terms of the Landau Fermi-liquid (FL) theory. A key object of our study is the fully renormalized vertex function ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}^{\ensuremath{\Omega}}$, related to the Landau interaction function. We derive ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}^{\ensuremath{\Omega}}$ for a model case of the long-range interaction in the nematic channel. Already within the random-phase approximation (RPA), the vertex is singular near the instability. The full vertex, obtained by resumming the ladder series composed of the RPA vertices, differs from the RPA result by a multiplicative renormalization factor ${Z}_{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}$, related to the single-particle residue $Z$ and effective-mass renormalization ${m}^{\ensuremath{\ast}}/m$. We employ the Pitaevski-Landau identities, which express the derivatives of the self-energy in terms of ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}^{\ensuremath{\Omega}}$, to obtain and solve a set of coupled nonlinear equations for ${Z}_{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}$, $Z$, and ${m}^{\ensuremath{\ast}}/m$. We show that near the transition the system enters a critical FL regime, where ${Z}_{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}\ensuremath{\sim}Z\ensuremath{\propto}{(1+{g}_{c,2})}^{1/2}$ and ${m}^{\ensuremath{\ast}}/m\ensuremath{\approx}1/Z$, where ${g}_{c,2}$ is the $n=2$ charge Landau component which approaches $\ensuremath{-}1$ at the instability. We construct the Landau function of the critical FL and show that all but ${g}_{c,2}$ Landau components diverge at the critical point. We also show that in the critical regime the one-loop result for the self-energy $\ensuremath{\Sigma}(K)\ensuremath{\propto}\ensuremath{\int}dPG(P)D(K\ensuremath{-}P)$ is asymptotically exact if one identifies the effective interaction $D$ with the RPA form of ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}^{\ensuremath{\Omega}}$.
Prediction of tricomponent plane stress yield surfaces and associated flow and failure behavior of strongly textured f.c.c. polycrystalline sheets

Abstract This paper illustrates with examples a previously proposed theoretical procedure for calculating the tricomponent plane stress yield surfaces and forming limits of textured f.c.c. polycrystalline metal sheets. Strong hypothetical deformation and recrystallization textures were generated, and the yield surfaces were calculated using the Taylor, Bishop and Hill model. The directional dependence of flow properties in uniaxial tension was computed and associated with the tendency for earing in deep drawing. Stretch forming limits, as well as associated necking directions for stretched sheets, were calculated using an extension of the Marciniak-Kuczynski theory. The resulting neck orientations and forming limit diagram shapes were found to be in good agreement with published experimental data.
Number of Response Alternatives and Spatial Arrangement on a Visual Discrimination Task

Normal children, 30 each from ages 5 and 7 yr., were administered a visual discrimination test through a programmed learning machine. Visual discrimination was defined as a match-to-sample task in which subjects pointed to the geometric form, number, or printed letter of the alphabet that matched the stimulus form. Procedures were designed to eliminate learning variables. Although both age groups performed well, there was a statistically significant difference in the total performance at the two ages. A 3-way analysis of variance showed age, number of response alternatives, and type of stimulus form were significant variables; all interactions were significant. It appeared that the significant variable for the 5-yr.-olds was the type of geometric configuration, while the variable most important for the 7-yr.-olds was the number of response alternatives. Patterns of errors on the most difficult item showed the 5-yr.-olds made errors involving a reversal or rotation of the stimulus figure, while the 7-yr.-olds made errors involving some detail of the stimulus figure.
An analysis of short-term memory and conceptual behavior in three inbred strains of mice

Female mice of three inbred strains were trained in a T maze to develop a successive-reversal learning set. After obtaining the set, animals were tested at several delay intervals following a signal to reverse in order to measure the activity of the short-term memory trace. Peak performance occurred within 1 min for A/Js, 1 min for DBA/2Js, and 10 min for CBA/Js. Performance deteriorated to chance levels within 20 min for DBA/2Js, CBA/Js, and A/Js. The results indicate genetic differences in short-term memory for the mouse. Moreover, since subjects from all three strains mastered the learning set, differences in simple conceptual behavior of the three strains were not apparent.
Coercion and cooperation and psychiatry for the person

Coercive treatment in its various forms represents a critical challenge for clinical care. This can be usefully discussed vis-a-vis the opportunities open by cooperation and engagement. The framework of Psychiatry for the Person, a major WPA initiative, can be helpful for such analyses. This initiative's fundamental goals involve the promotion of a Psychiatry of the Person (of the totality of the person and his/her health, ill and positive aspects included), a Psychiatry by the Person (with clinicians extending themselves a full human beings and professionals with high ethical aspirations), a Psychiatry for the Person (assisting the fulfillment of each person's life project) and a Psychiatry with the Person (in respectful collaboration with the person presenting for care). The conceptual and ethical bases of this initiative are quite enlightening and its specific implications to improve diagnosis, clinical care and public health represent nothing less than a paradigmatic shift in our field.
Pornography and marriage.

We used data on 20,000 ever-married adults in the General Social Survey to examine the relationship between watching pornographic films and various measures of marital well-being. We found that adults who had watched an X-rated movie in the past year were more likely to be divorced, more likely to have had an extramarital affair, and less likely to report being happy with their marriage or happy overall. We also found that, for men, pornography use reduced the positive relationship between frequency of sex and happiness. Finally, we found that the negative relationship between pornography use and marital well-being has, if anything, grown stronger over time, during a period in which pornography has become both more explicit and more easily available.
Transvenous pacemaker failure due to anomalous venous return to the heart.

An unsuspected congenital anomaly of venous return to the heart caused an abnormally long and deviant course of a transvenous pacemaker catheter leading to loss of capture and fatal pacemaker failure. Earlier diagnosis could have prompted use of a longer transvenous catheter or placement of epicardial leads by thoracotomy.
Flash hydrogenation of coal. 3. A sample of US coals

Abstract The susceptibility of a group of US coals to the production of light gaseous and liquid hydrocarbons during flash hydrogenation is examined. Eight coals ranging from lignite to high-volatile A bituminous and representing five provinces, have been flash heated in 101.3 MPa of flowing hydrogen using a bench scale reactor. A 0.6 s gas phase residence time was provided to hydrocrack the vapour products. Temperatures ranged from 750 to 850°C, where maximum yields of ethane and BTX (benzene+toluene + xylene) are found. The carbon conversion decreased with increasing rank at fixed reaction conditions. Methane yields are highest for lignite. Peak ethane yields range from 6.4 to 9% carbon conversion. BTX yields have a shallow maximum at intermediate ranks, decreasing towards high and low rank coals. Total liquid yields range from 14 to 43%. Although a definite variation of yield with rank is evident, the trends, especially total liquid yields, are attended by considerable scatter. Rank is not the only, and indeed may not be the most significant variable in determining the yield of individual species in flash hydrogenation. To establish the significant variables a stepwise regression procedure was applied to the experimental data using information from the elemental, proximate and petrographic compositions of the coals as independent variables. Two variables are adequate in all cases to correlate species yield and coal properties. Exinite appears to be capable of increasing the amount of liquid obtained from other macerals.
Crystal Structure of Parabanic Acid

A PRECISE investigation of the crystal structure of parabanic acid has been undertaken to obtain accurate bond-lengths and bond-angles for comparison with the crystal structures of diketopiperazine1 and cyanuric acid2, and with its infra-red spectrum. Crystals of parabanic acid were easily obtained by slowly cooling a hot, concentrated water solution. X-ray examination showed that the crystals belong to the monoclinic system with space group P21/n, and the unit cell dimensions are: a = 10.684, b = 8.194, c = 5.044 A.; β = 92°30′. There are four molecules in, the unit cell.
METHYL TESTOSTERONE. III. EFFECT UPON BODY WEIGHT AND GROWTH

THE ADMINISTRATION of various steroids is known to be associated with a gain in body weight. For example,this has been shown to be an outstand-ing characteristic of desoxycorticosterone (1). In a case under our observation, the injection of 20 mg. per day caused weight gain as high as 14 lb. in 3 days. Such weight gain has been shown to be associated with retention of sodium, chloride, and water. Other steroids have similar properties, although their effect in this respect is less marked. Kenyon(2) noted a gain in body weight following the use of testosterone propionate and showed this to be associated with retention of sodium, chloride, water, and nitrogen. These findings were corroborated by McCullagh and McGurl (3). The administration of testosterone propionate has caused weight gain in some of our cases.
Agglomeration of fine-grained suspended sediment in Northern Chesapeake Bay

Abstract Estuaries are ephemeral features on a geologic time-scale, being rapidly filled with sediments. Many scientists have attributed the rapid sedimentation that characterizes the upper reaches of estuaries to the agglomeration of river-borne sediment by flocculation. Determinations of the state of agglomeration of both suspended and bottom sediments of Chesapeake Bay suggest that agglomeration in the water column is an important factor in estuarine sedimentation, but there is little direct evidence that the agglomeration is produced by electrostatic flocculation. Preliminary experiments indicate that filter-feeding zooplankton may have a major role in the agglomeration and deposition of fine-grained particles.
The Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Rifabutin

Rifabutin is structurally similar to rifampin, but there are important pharmacokinetic differences between the two drugs. Rifabutin is more lipid soluble than is rifampin, resulting in more-extensive tissue uptake, a larger volume of distribution, lower maximum plasma concentrations, lower trough concentrations, a longer terminal half-life, and higher tissue-to-plasma drug concentration ratios. The oral bioavailability of rifabutin is low. Like rifampin, rifabutin induces its own metabolism during multiple dosing. Rifabutin is extensively metabolized. The two major metabolites of rifabutin contribute to its antimicrobial activity. Rifabutin induces hepatic metabolism but is not as potent an inducer as is rifampin. Rifabutin does not affect the pharmacokinetics of antiretroviral drugs that are excreted in the urine. Although rifabutin decreases plasma concentrations of zidovudine, this finding does not appear to be clinically relevant. When administered during rifabutin prophylaxis, fluconazole decreases the incidence of Mycobacterium avium complex bacteremia. The coadministration of clarithromycin and rifabutin results in increased plasma concentrations of rifabutin and decreased plasma concentrations of clarithromycin; however, the plasma concentration of clarithromycin's active metabolite is increased.
Masking Level Differences for Tones and Speech in Elderly Listeners With Relatively Normal Audiograms

This study measured the masking level difference (MLD) for both 500-Hz tone detection and spondee word recognition in two groups of listeners. One group consisted of 9 elderly listeners with normal...