cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Health Promotion for African American Elders: Church is the Likely Place

African Americans living in neighborhoods with limited access to health promotion programs, services or amenities—safe places to walk and exercise, health care facilities, senior centers, food security and affordable healthy foods, and transportation—are at risk of having poor health outcomes as they age (Balfour and Kaplan 2002; Bouchard et al. 2007; Ross and Mirowsky 2001). The Black church and its historic roots in African American communities may be a source of support (Bopp et al. 2006; Watson et al. 2003). Historically, the Black church has provided social and spiritual support networks to assist with living in rural and urban communities. Many African American elders attend church services regularly and benefit from a sense of community (Levin and Taylor 1993; Trinitapoli 2005). Therefore, this institution seems a likely place to provide health promotion services in many neighborhoods. This chapter discusses the African American church as a good location and partner for health promotion services. A framework for understanding healthy aging services is presented in a study of 38 African American churches in the Detroit, Michigan, metropolitan area, a case example to illustrate the potential of the Black church as a resource to promote healthy aging. Ideas on strategies to expand healthy aging programs and services for African American elders are discussed throughout the chapter.
Percutaneous Approach to Treatment of Indiana Pouch Stones

Continent urinary diversions have gained popularity during recent years in the treatment of patients who require cystectomy. The formation of urinary stones remains a possible late complication of urinary diversion. We report the successful use of a percutaneous approach to remove stones from an Indiana pouch after other methods failed.
A simple, efficient, and rapid synthesis of [18F]-FCP: Converging a four step synthesis to a two step automated synthesis

532 Objectives We routinely prepare F-18 labeled neuroimaging probes that involve a complex multi-step synthesis requiring three separate reaction vessels and purification of intermediates. To simplify complexity of this synthesis, we modified a four step-three vessel procedure to a two-step synthesis. The main objective of this effort was to simplify synthetic scheme to reduce overall synthesis time, reduce losses from vessel to vessel transfers and purification, and to allow for repeat synthesis of these products. Methods We combined multiple reaction steps and in-between purification steps into a two step, single pot synthesis of [18F]-FCP, a D2 receptor imaging probe. Briefly, the common intermediate [18F]-fluorobenzaldehyde (prepared as described earlier) was reacted with desbenzyl-FCP precursor (1mg) at 120°C for 20 min in presence of 3mg NaBH3CN, 15μL acetic acid and 200μL DMF. The desired product was isolated using an SPE and a semi-prep HPLC purification (common to both methods). This modified procedure was subsequently adapted to a remote controlled automated unit. Results We prepared [18F]-FCP in 35-45% RCY in an overall synthesis time of 120±20 min using this modified procedure as compared to 260±40 min required earlier. The RCY were 33.6±2.1% as compared to 16.5±1% obtained using traditional four step synthesis. This modification also eliminated a C-18 sep-pak purifications, further reducing synthesis time and vessel to vessel transfer losses of radioactivity. This procedure requires 50 min needed earlier. Additionally, it eliminated need for an extensive clean up of module, thus allowing for repeat synthesis of these compounds. Conclusions A more robust, simple, and reliable synthesis for routine production of [18F]-FCP has been established and optimized. Besides comparable RCY and shorter synthesis time, it allows for a back-to-back repeat synthesis. Other radiotracers such as [18F]-FCT (DAT) and [18F]-FBT (VAChT)are currently being adapted to this shortened synthesis
Dynamic Gradients, Mobile Layers, Tg Shifts, Role of Vitrification Criterion, and Inhomogeneous Decoupling in Free-Standing Polymer Films

The force-level elastically collective nonlinear Langevin equation (ECNLE) theory of activated relaxation in glass-forming free-standing thin films is revisited to improve its treatment of collecti...
Identification of microbial contaminants in sinus rinse squeeze bottles used by allergic rhinitis patients.

Abstract Objective To identify whether irrigation devices become contaminated when used by patients with allergic rhinitis (AR). Methods Ten AR patients with no clinical or endoscopic evidence of active sinonasal infection were given a sinus rinse system and instructed on its proper use, cleaning, and storage. Two squeeze bottles (bottle A and bottle B) were given to each patient for twice-a-day rinsing. Bottle A was used in the morning and analyzed after four weeks. Bottle B was used in the evening and analyzed after 8 weeks of use. Microbial contaminants were cultured from the nose pieces and the inner surface of the bottles obtained from patients. Results Seventeen sinus rinse devices (17/20) from all individuals in this study grew bacteria commonly in the nozzles. Twenty-four bacterial isolates consisting of 14 different species were cultured and identified with most common organisms being bacilli and staphylococcus. In addition, no correlation was apparent between the length of bottle use and the degree of contamination (r = 0.13, p = 0.76). During the study period, no patient developed acute sinus infections. Conclusion Microbial contamination of the sinus rinse system occurs commonly, even in uninfected AR patients; however no evidence exists linking this to clinically relevant sinus infections. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01030146.
Self-trapping and ordering of heavy holes in the wide band-gap semiconductor β -G a 2 O 3

Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) has been utilized for imaging and manipulation of self-trapped holes on the surface of the wide band-gap semiconductor $\ensuremath{\beta}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{G}{\mathrm{a}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$. A positively charged surface layer comprised of localized holes with ${10}^{13}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{c}{\mathrm{m}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ density has been observed for $n$-doped samples. We show that the surface layer can be populated by hole pumping from the STM tip. A transition between the glassy phase and ordered striped phase of self-trapped holes has also been observed. Our analysis indicates that the saturated two-dimensional density of self-trapped holes may be determined by balance of self-trapping and Coulomb repulsion energies.
Neuronally derived extracellular vesicles: an emerging tool for understanding Alzheimer's disease.

In order for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) to manifest, cells must communicate “pathogenic material” such as proteins, signaling molecules, or genetic material to ensue disease propagation. Small extracellular vesicles are produced via the endocytic pathways and released by nearly all cell types, including neurons. Due to their intrinsic interrelationship with endocytic processes and autophagy, there has been increased interest in studying the role of these neuronally-derived extracellular vesicles (NDEVs) in the propagation of AD. Pathologic cargo associated with AD have been found in a number of studies, and NDEVs have been shown to induce pathogenesis in vivo and in vitro. Exogenous NDEVs are also shown to reduce plaque burden in AD models. Thus, the NDEV has the potential to become a useful biomarker, a pathologic potentiator, and a therapeutic opportunity. While the field of NDEV research in AD is still in its infancy, we review the current literature supporting these three claims.
Inhaled Carbon Monoxide: An Anti-Inflammatory Modulator in Transgenic Sickle Mice.

Inflammation plays a prominent role in vaso-occlusion and organ pathology in sickle cell disease (SCD). We have shown that heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) plays a critical role in metabolizing the excess heme generated in this hemolytic disease, thereby modulating hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced vaso-occlusion in murine models of SCD. The products of HO-1 activity, carbon monoxide (CO), Fe 2+ (ultimately incorporated into ferritin), and biliverdin/bilirubin have demonstrable anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. We have observed that brief (1 h/d × 3 d) inhalation of CO in SCD mice modulates vaso-occlusion (JCI, 116: 808–816; 2006). We hypothesize that prolonged treatment with inhaled CO will significantly decrease the inflammatory phenotype of SCD mice. Starting at three weeks of age, C57BL-6J and heterozygous BERK mice (mβ/hβ S ) were treated with inhaled CO at 0, 25, or 250 ppm (1 h/d × 3 d/wk × 10 wks). Over the duration of the ten week study no animals died as result of the CO treatments. Upon completion of the ten week treatment period animals were euthanized, blood was removed by cardiac puncture, and organs were harvested and homogenized. Carboxyhemoglobin levels immediately after 1h of CO treatment, (0, 25, and 250 ppm) were 2+ ) promotes oxidative stress and inflammation, we measured redox-active iron with Ferene-S in liver homogenates. In untreated heterozygous BERK mice, redox-active iron was two-fold greater than C57BL-6J mice (p 2+ ) to levels comparable to untreated C57BL-6J. Since there is red cell congestion in heterozygous BERK livers, it was not surprising that the heme-content of untreated heterozygous BERK mice was three-fold (p
Recurrent Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis Induced by Levamisole-Adulterated Cocaine.

ABSTRACT Levamisole, an anthelmintic and immunomodulatory drug, was withdrawn from the US market in 1999 due to adverse effects, including agranulocytosis and vasculitis. In recent years, levamisole has been used as a common cocaine adulterant, and its use has led to an autoimmune syndrome characterized by an antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis presenting with necrotic retiform purpura on the face and extremities. We present a case of recurrent levamisole-induced vasculitis initially misdiagnosed as systemic lupus erythematosus to highlight this easily misdiagnosed entity and to demonstrate re-exposure leading to recurrent vasculitis with more extensive clinical manifestations.
The Structure of an AAV5-AAVR Complex at 2.5 Å Resolution: Implications for Cellular Entry and Immune Neutralization of AAV Gene Therapy Vectors.

Adeno-Associated Virus is the leading vector for gene therapy. Although it is the vector for all in vivo gene therapies approved for clinical use by the US Food and Drug Administration, its biology is still not yet fully understood. It has been shown that different serotypes of AAV bind to their cellular receptor, AAVR, in different ways. Previously we have reported a 2.4Å structure of AAV2 bound to AAVR that shows ordered structure for only one of the two AAVR domains with which AAV2 interacts. In this study we present a 2.5Å resolution structure of AAV5 bound to AAVR. AAV5 binds to the first polycystic kidney disease (PKD) domain of AAVR that was not ordered in the AAV2 structure. Interactions of AAV5 with AAVR are analyzed in detail, and the implications for AAV2 binding are explored through molecular modeling. Moreover, we find that binding sites for the antibodies ADK5a, ADK5b, and 3C5 on AAV5 overlap with the binding site of AAVR. These insights provide a structural foundation for development of gene therapy agents to better evade immune neutralization without disrupting cellular entry.
‘The last refuge of male chauvinism’: print culture, masculinity, and the British Antarctic Survey (1960-1996)

In 1996, the British Antarctic Survey opened Halley Research Station (Halley) to women researchers, thereby officially giving women equal access to all Antarctic bases. A main reason that Antarctic...
Plasticity-on-Chip Design: Exploiting Self-Similarity for Data Communications

With the increasing demand for distributed big data analytics and data-intensive programs which contribute to large volumes of packets among processing elements (PEs) and memory banks, we witness a pressing need for new mathematical models and algorithms that can engineer a brain-inspired plasticity into the computing platforms by mining the topological complexity of high-level programs (HLPs) and exploiting their self-similar and fractal characteristics for designing reconfigurable domain-specific computing architectures. In this article, we present Plasticity-on-Chip (PoC) by engineering plasticity into ”artificial brains” to mine and exploit the self-similarity of HLPs. First, we present a communication modeling of HLPs (e.g., C/C++ implementations of various applications) that relies on static and dynamic compiler analysis of programs with varying input seeds, performing comprehensive program analysis of all traces, and representing the HLPs as weighted directed acyclic graphs while capturing the intrinsic timing constraints and data/control flow requirements. Second, we propose a rigorous mathematical framework for determining the optimal parallel degree of executing a set of interacting HLPs (by partitioning them into clusters of densely interconnected supernodes - tasks) which helps us decide the number of available heterogeneous PEs, the amount of required memory and the structure of the synthesized deadlock-free irregular NoC topology that offers an efficient communication medium. These clusters serve as abstract models of computation for the synthesized PEs within the parallel execution model. Finally, exploiting the fractal and complex networks concepts, we extract in-depth features from graphs that serve as inputs for distributed reinforcement learning. Our experimental results on synthesized PEs and NoCs show performance improvements as high as 7.61x when compared to the traditional NoC and 2.6x compared to gem5-Aladdin.
Updated external validation of the SORG machine learning algorithms for prediction of ninety-day and one-year mortality after surgery for spinal metastasis.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND CONTEXT Surgical decompression and stabilization in the setting of spinal metastasis is performed to relieve pain and preserve functional status. These potential benefits must be weighed against the risks of perioperative morbidity and mortality. Accurate prediction of a patient's postoperative survival is a crucial component of patient counseling. PURPOSE To externally validate the SORG machine learning algorithms for prediction of 90-day and 1-year mortality after surgery for spinal metastasis. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING Retrospective, cohort study PATIENT SAMPLE Patients 18 years or older at a tertiary care medical center treated surgically for spinal metastasis OUTCOME MEASURES Mortality within 90 days of surgery, mortality within 1 year of surgery METHODS This is a retrospective cohort study of 298 adult patients at a tertiary care medical center treated surgically for spinal metastasis between 2004 and 2020. Baseline characteristics of the validation cohort were compared to the derivation cohort for the SORG algorithms. The following metrics were used to assess the performance of the algorithms: discrimination, calibration, overall model performance, and decision curve analysis. RESULTS Sixty-one patients died within 90 days of surgery and 133 died within 1 year of surgery. The validation cohort differed significantly from the derivation cohort. The SORG algorithms for 90-day mortality and 1-year mortality performed excellently with respect to discrimination; the algorithm for 1-year mortality was well-calibrated. At both postoperative time points, the SORG algorithms showed greater net benefit than the default strategies of changing management for no patients or for all patients. CONCLUSIONS With an independent, contemporary, and geographically distinct population, we report successful external validation of SORG algorithms for preoperative risk prediction of 90-day and 1-year mortality after surgery for spinal metastasis. By providing accurate prediction of intermediate and long-term mortality risk, these externally validated algorithms may inform shared decision-making with patients in determining management of spinal metastatic disease.
Impact of a Cyberinfrastructure Enterprise on the Nation's Workforce: Visualizations of a Decade of NCSA's Diaspora

Conceived in terms of diaspora, the impact of CI enterprises can be thought of in terms of workforce development, strengthening leading edge industrial knowledge, and building national capabilities. To investigate how we might think through the diaspora of CI enterprises, we conducted a pilot study of one major CI enterprise: the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA), housed at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. We compiled and analyzed data from 425 key employees who departed NCSA in the decade from 2003-2013. Often the best way to make sense of complex data involves visualization, and the purpose of this effort was to experiment with visualizations of this diaspora data in an effort to better understand the impact of NCSA’s diaspora.
The New Right: Conservative student political repertoires and intragroup conflict

This qualitative single-site case study explores how students identifying as conservative position themselves within the discursive field of their campus, how they understand their rhetorical and discursive development in relation to their more liberal peers, and what increasing political polarization means for college campuses. I find that the differences within the conservative student group studied are stronger and more concerning than how they describe differing from their liberal peers, particularly as the conservative student group I analyzed radicalized and became overtly racist and nationalistic. This is worrisome, as my participants noted this was not “a local problem” and mentioned that this was happening at a state and national level. This reality was evidenced by the recent insurrection at the Capitol.
The Neumann and Robin problems for the Korteweg–de Vries equation on the half-line

The well-posedness of the Neumann and Robin problems for the Korteweg–de Vries equation is studied with data in Sobolev spaces. Using the Fokas unified transform method, the corresponding linear problems with forcing are solved and solution estimates are derived. Then, using these, an iteration map is defined, and it is proved to be a contraction in appropriate solution spaces after the needed bilinear estimates are derived.
Identification of Small-Molecule Inhibitors of Hyperpolarization-Activated Cyclic Nucleotide–Gated Channels

Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels function in the brain to limit neuronal excitability. Limiting the activity of these channels has been proposed as a therapy for major depressive disorder, but the critical role of HCN channels in cardiac pacemaking has limited efforts to develop therapies directed at the channel. Previous studies indicated that the function of HCN is tightly regulated by its auxiliary subunit, tetratricopeptide repeat-containing Rab8b interacting protein (TRIP8b), which is not expressed in the heart. To target the function of the HCN channel in the brain without affecting the channel's function in the heart, we propose disrupting the interaction between HCN and TRIP8b. We developed a high-throughput fluorescence polarization (FP) assay to identify small molecules capable of disrupting this interaction. We used this FP assay to screen a 20,000-compound library and identified a number of active compounds. The active compounds were validated using an orthogonal AlphaScreen assay to identify one compound (0.005%) as the first confirmed hit for inhibiting the HCN-TRIP8b interaction. Identifying small molecules capable of disrupting the interaction between HCN and TRIP8b should enable the development of new research tools and small-molecule therapies that could benefit patients with depression.
Implementation of a XQuery engine for large documents in CanstoreX

XML is a markup language used for storing documents which contains structured information. Its flexibility helps in storing, processing and querying diverse and complex documents with any structure. While theoretically, XML could be used to handle any documents, the currently available parsers require large amounts of main-memory resulting into severe restriction on the size of XML documents. As a result, some technologies have been developed to break the XML documents in to smaller chunks and allow the parsers to load only a specific portion of the document when needed. Two major but diagonally opposite approaches for storing an xml document on the disk have emerged. The first breaks an xml document into parent child pairs and stores them into relational storage [2, 3, 4, 5, 6]. The second approach builds a native storage for xml that attempts to directly capture xml hierarchy [7, 8, 9, 10]. Canonical Storage for XML (CanStoreX) is a native storage technology being developed by our group at Iowa State University that has been tested for pagination of xml documents up to 100 Gigabytes in size [29]. CanStoreX requires that every page is a self-contained xml document on its own right. Thus the pages themselves form an xml-like hierarchy. XML can be used to encode a variety of data. Examples are system configuration, metadata, documents such as books, relational data, and object-oriented data. An array of technologies has developed to process xml documents. Our major interest in xml lies in the view that an xml document can be considered a database which can then be queried. There exists several query engines for xml [15, 16, 20]. Kweelt is an excellent early platform that supports the Quilt query language [31]. Quilt [18] is a preliminary query language which has subsequently been extended to XQuery, a query language that has been standardized by the W3 Consortium [17].
Banthine for peptic ulcer: clinical and physiologic considerations; a preliminary report.

The therapy of peptic ulcer should rest on a rational explanation of the etiology and pathogenesis of the disease. We have adopted as a basis for the medical therapy of peptic ulcer the following concepts: (1) the immediate mechanism of ulcer production is the acid-pepsin factor; (2) mucosal susceptibility which involves at least the "mucous barrier," muscle spasm, and hyperemia, must be postulated; (3) mechanical factors may account for the location of ulcer; (4) the precipitating cause is probably an emotional psychogenic disturbance, and (5) this stimulates the dorsal vagus nuclei and vagus nerves to call into play the first three factors. 1 In a series of studies during the past 25 years, we have collected the evidence to substantiate the concept that the pathologic physiology of peptic ulcer is mediated through the dorsal vagus nuclei and nerves. The data seem to establish the following: (1) sham feeding (vagal phase) produces a high volume of secretion in duodenal ulcer; (2) the nocturnal secretion (vagal in origin) is high in duodenal ulcer; (3) insulin hypoglycemia which stimulates the dorsal vagus nucleus is followed by high volume, acidity, and pepsin in ulcer patients as compared with normals; (4) the chemical phase of gastric secretion is not increased in ulcer; (5) persistent free acid after gastric resection for duodenal ulcer is due to continued transfer of stimuli through the vagi (6) vagotomy added to resection increases the incidence of post-operative achlorhydria. Based on these observations, surgical vagotomy has been developed as a sound therapy especially in combined procedures. Obviously, "medical vagotomy" or a medical attack on the vagus nerves is equally desirable. Previous experiences with the atropine-belladonna group of drugs, however, has been disappointing. The announcement two years ago of a new anti-cholinergic drug, Banthine (methantheline bromide)2 capable of reducing significantly the vagal stimulation (motor and secretory) to the stoma.ch without toxic effects when used orally, at once offered another hopeful approach. Preliminary experimental2 and clinical3• 4 trials have been encouraging. Therefore, a clinical, radiographic, and secretory study of this drug in patients with peptic ulcer seemed indicated. This has been carried out and the results are incorporated in this communication.
Inactivation of Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus by Low Levels of Iodine

The fish rhabdovirus infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) was rapidly inactivated by extremely low concentrations of iodine in water. A 99.9% virus reduction was obtained in 7.5 s when virus (105 PFU/ml) and iodine (0.1 mg/liter, final concentration) were combined in distilled-deionized or hatchery water. Iodine efficacy decreased at pHs greater than 7.5 or when proteinaceous material was added to the water. Bovine serum albumin blocked iodine inactivation of the virus more effectively than did equal concentrations of fetal bovine serum or river sediment. Sodium thiosulfate effectively neutralized free iodine. Powder, iodophor, and crystalline iodine solutions inactivated IHNV equally. Iodine rapidly inactivated IHNV isolates representing each of the five electropherotypes. Under the conditions used in this study, inactivation was not affected by temperature, salinity, or water hardness. When Dworshak National Fish Hatchery water was continuously treated to provide a free iodine concentration of 0.14 mg/liter, a 7.5-s exposure to iodine was sufficient to inactivate 99.9% of the IHNV. Iodine added to water that contained IHNV prevented infection of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fry. These results suggest that the waterborne route of IHNV transmission can be blocked by adding low iodine concentrations to the water supplies of hatcheries.
Visual Rhetoric: Demonstration and Narrative

Visual rhetoric is a form of narrativity and storytelling. These skills are critical to client-centered legal practice. Storytelling connects all subject areas in the law, and extends far beyond the law to disciplines as varied as cognitive studies, brain science, and rhetoric and persuasion. Lawyers use stories as framing devices, organizational schema, and persuasive rhetorical methods to communicate the context and meaning of a client’s situation and to improve the communication, reception, and understanding of legal argument with a given audience. Most legal writing and advocacy study has focused on the facts section for narrativity and storytelling, but there is potential for advocacy through visual rhetoric in questions presented, introductions and summaries of the argument, and in the argument's explanation and application sections. This summary presentation of a work in progress will examine the use of visual rhetoric in legal advocacy.
Extirpating the agriculture versus conservation dichotomy.

Private ranch and farm lands are disappearing at an alarming rate (Heimlich & Anderson 2001) in developed countries. In the United States, more than 12 million ha were converted to exurban developments in the 1990s (Theobald 2001). Private lands cover 72% of the U.S. land surface, contain biodiversity at levels often comparable to or above protected areas (Maestas et al. 2003), contain 60% of threatened and endangered species exclusively, and possess habitat for nearly 95% of all threatened and endangered species (Wilcove et al. 1996). With only 6% of the contiguous United States held in nature reserves (Scott et al. 2001), what ecosystem services and biodiversity will remain, given the sprawling and consumptive nature of humans? This crisis exemplifies the dire need to reroute our direction and perspective toward conservation. Privatelands conservation has been recognized as one of the most important challenges for conservation (Knight 1999; Freyfogle 2003). Despite innovative progress toward holistic integration of agriculture and conservation (Banks 2004), scientists and practitioners have largely failed to embrace the future of partnership-based and private lands conservation. Four main factors may affect partnership-based conservation: public opposition and fear, negative prior experiences, lack of support from agency/institution superiors, and government policies (Yaffee 1998). One major problem driving the first three factors is the social dichotomy between agriculture and conservation. Both groups generally are assumed to hold opposing viewpoints involving land uses and biodiversity conservation, despite a common ecological heritage, polarizing agriculturalists and conservationists (Banks 2004). Our current conservation era is transitioning from limiting losses due to agricultural practices toward limiting losses due to urban sprawl. This transition is the new fron-
Field Test Results of Automated Demand Response in a Large Office Building

Demand response (DR) is an emerging research field and an effective tool that improves grid reliability and prevents the price of electricity from rising, especially in deregulated markets. This paper introduces the definition of DR and Automated Demand Response (Auto-DR). It describes the Auto-DR technology utilized at a commercial building in the summer of 2006 and the methodologies to evaluate associated demand savings. On the basis of field tests in a large office building, Auto-DR is proven to be a reliable and credible resource that ensures a stable and economical operation of the power grid.
Cyclin-dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27 as a Mediator of the G1-S Phase Block Induced by 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 in HL60 Cells

Progression of mammalian cells through G1 is controlled by the concerted action of protein kinases, the activities of which are modulated in both positive (cyclins) and negative [cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDIs)] manners by families of regulatory proteins. In differentiation of leukemia cells, a G1 arrest is a common, if not invariable, occurence and takes place after the appearance of markers of monocytic differentiation in human leukemia HL60 cells treated with 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D3) at low to moderately high concentrations (F. Zhang et al., Cell Proliferation 27: 643-654, 1994). In the present study, we investigated the protein levels of several G1 regulatory proteins that are potential mediators of the 1,25D3-induced G1 block. During the first 24 h of exposure to a high concentration (4 x 10(-7) M) of 1,25D3, no increase was noted in the immunodetectable levels of cyclins D1 or E, or CDIs p16Ink4, p21Cip1/Waf1, or p27Kip1, even though monocytic differentiation markers were evident, and a prolongation of G1 was noted. After 48 h of exposure 4 x 10(-7) M to 1,25D3, a G1 to S-phase block progressively increased in parallel with the abundance of the p27Kip1 CDI. A transient increase in p21Cip1/Waf1 was noted only at 48 hr. The increase in p27Kip1 protein level was dependent on the concentration of 1,25D3 and was accompanied by an increase in cyclin D and E proteins, which normally peak in mid-G1 and at the G1 to S-phase transition, respectively. These results indicate that p27Kip1 protein is a strong candidate for the cell cycle regulator that blocks the entry into the S-phase in 1,25D3-treated HL60 cells.
Discrimination Among Acrylic Fiber Types by Small-Angle Light Scattering of Single Fibers

Small-angle light scattering (SALS) patterns and scanning electron photomicrographs of single fibers were recorded for 15 different types of acrylic fibers. SALS was seen to be a sensitive tool for discriminating among the fiber types and for characterizing fiber cross-sectional shapes, surface topography, opacity, and various forms of random bicomponent fibers.
Performance Analysis of Quantitative Bone Measurement with Spiral CT

The goal of this study was to evaluate a number of modern multi-slice helical CT scanners with respect to random and systematic errors in the measurement of bone density. For this purpose, a rod phantom was designed to mimic a patient with various amounts of bone, and scans of the rod phantom along with the Mindways calibration phantom were taken using General Electric, Siemens and Toshiba 4-, 16- and 64-slice CT scanners.
Velocity matching for field-induced electrooptic modulators

A capacitively loaded structure is proposed for synchronizing the microwave and optical signals in a field-induced multiple quantum well traveling-wave electrooptic modulator. The design procedure for the modulating structure is presented together with the experimental result.
Medical factors that predict quality of life for young adults with congenital heart disease: What matters most?

Abstract Background Identify demographic and medical status indicators that account for variability in physical and emotional health-related quality of life (QoL) among young adults with congenital heart disease (CHD) as compared to traditional lesion severity categories. Methods Cross-sectional study of 218 young adult survivors of CHD (mean=25.7, SD=7.1years). Participants were recruited from pediatric and adult CHD clinics at a pediatric and an adult hospital. Stepwise linear regression examined the unique contribution of demographic (age; sex; estimated income) and medical status indicators (comorbid conditions; treatment modality; ventricular function/functional capacity) on QoL compared to traditional lesion severity categories (simple; moderate; complex). Results Lesion severity category accounted for a small portion of the variance in physical QoL (3%), but was not associated with emotional QoL. Lesion severity did not significantly contribute to the variability in physical QoL once other variables were entered. Having an estimated income of ≤$30,000, taking more than one cardiac-related medication, and having a New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class designation>I was associated with poorer physical QoL and explained 23% of the variability. NYHA class was the only variable that explained a unique proportion of variance (7%) in emotional QoL, and having a NYHA class designation>I was associated with greater risk for poorer emotional functioning. Conclusions Findings suggested that several indicators readily available to treatment teams may provide important information about the risk for poor patient-reported outcomes of physical and emotional QoL among CHD survivors.
A Theory for Rectangular Wings of Small Aspect Ratio

T theory for flow about wings of large aspect ratio has been worked out rather completely along the lines suggested by Prandtl. This flow is of interest for the main lifting surfaces of present day airplanes. However, for some unconventional airplane wings and especially for the control surfaces of dirigibles, the lifting surfaces have generally a very small aspect ratio and the existing theories have so far been inadequate. Moreover, the dirigible as a whole exhibits very much the same behavior, at least as far as the dynamic lift is concerned, as a wing of small aspect ratio. In view of this, Th. von Karman suggested to the author making a theoretical analysis of wings of small aspect ratio. The first step was the limiting case of a rectangular wing of zero aspect ratio, that is, finite span but infinite chord. Such a wing is hydrodynamically equivalent to a constant distribution of bound vortices whose axes lie along the span (Fig. 1). At the ends of the span these vortices separate, the flow downstream following the resultant velocity vector. The inclination of the vortices to the wing was found to be about half the angle of attack. As an approximation, in order to simplify the calculation of the induced velocities, it was assumed that the trailing vortices formed straight lines at some effective inclination to the wing. This effective inclination was taken equal to the initial angle at which the vortices separate, on the assumption that the part of the vortex nearest the wing is the most influential in inducing downwash at the wing. With this approximation, three important results were obtained for the wing of zero aspect ratio:
Photo-defined polymeric photonic materials and processes

A photo patterned fabrication process for manufacture of passive polymer composite waveguide structures and devices is presented. The process takes advantage of compatibility between certain polymer/high vapor pressure monomer blends and their refractive index differences to directly photo define passive waveguide structures. With suitable catalysts, monomers present in the composite blend are polymerized in exposed areas, while allowed to evaporate in unexposed areas during a brief post exposure bake. Areas thus produced will have a different composition (i.e. refractive index) in exposed vs. unexposed areas and different thickness due to reactant loss. Composite blends consisting of polysulfone/epoxy or acrylic/epoxy have excellent compatibility for providing photo defined waveguide core regions in either the unexposed areas or exposed areas of processed thin films. Optical loss measurement comparisons for bulk polymer samples and composite thin films to the photo patterned waveguides indicate loss in the patterned waveguides are similar to the polymer intrinsic loss. Additionally, by taking advantage of the process providing control over refractive index and surface topography, other photonic components such as micro lenses can be fabricated.
A quinoline fluorescence method for visualizing and assaying the histochemically reactive zinc (bouton zinc) in the brain.

Abstract A histochemical method for staining CNS zinc by the stoichiometric formation of zinc: quinoline fluorescent chelates is described. Four congeners of quinoline have been tested, and two found to be useful for histochemistry. The procedure is a one-step staining method, suitable for fresh-frozen and fixed tissue sections alike. The quinoline fluorescence selectively labels the CNS regions (such as hippocampus, amygdala) shown by prior histochemical procedures to be rich in histochemically reactive zinc in axon boutons and therefore appears to be a specific marker for the bouton zinc. Microfluorometric data indicate that the fluorochrome can be used for quantitative estimates of CNS zinc pools as well as qualitative studies of localization.
Preparation of α,β-unsubstituted meso-arylbidipyrrins via metal-templated, oxidative coupling of dipyrrins

A three-step, one-pot procedure provides meso-aryl-α,β-unsubstituted bisdipyrrinato nickel complexes; oxidative coupling of these ligands followed by demetallation affords an unprecedented class of meso-aryl-α,β-unsubstituted bidipyrrins.
A simple biochemical method for the detection of mycoplasmas and other microbial contaminants of cell cultures

The hazards that mycoplasma contaminants present to cell culturists are well documented (1). Because of the problems in interpreting data derived from mycoplasma contaminated cells, most cell biologists routinely screen their cultures for the presence of these organisms. Currently, the most widely used technique for mycoplasma detection involves growth of these organisms in specially prepared broth and on solid agar. Positive identification of mycoplasmas requires the appearance of characteristic "fried egg" colonies. The limitations of standard microbiological testing for mycoplasmas have become increasingly apparent; and it is now recognized that there are fastidious mycoplasmas that are extremely difficult, if not impossible, to grow on currently available acellular media (2). Consequently several noncultural tests have been developed to assist in the detection of these contaminants. In this section we describe a simple biochemical method which can be performed in almost any laboratory. This is the uridine:uracil ratio method, which is based on two biochemical alterations that are observed in mycoplasma infected cells: increased incorporation of exogenous uracil (U); and decreased incorporation of exogenous uridine (Urd) into ribonucleic acid (RNA) (3). The incorporation of Urd and U into RNA is measured by utilizing radioactively labeled compounds.
High-resolution study of the particle-hole multiplets in $sup 208$Bi

Particle-hole multiplets in $^{208}\mathrm{Bi}$ corresponding to the coupling of the ${h}_{\frac{9}{2}}$ proton with neutron holes in the ${p}_{\frac{1}{2}}$, ${f}_{\frac{5}{2}}$, ${p}_{\frac{3}{2}}$, ${i}_{\frac{13}{2}}$, ${f}_{\frac{7}{2}}$, and ${h}_{\frac{9}{2}}$ shells have been observed by the $^{209}\mathrm{Bi}(p,d)^{208}\mathrm{Bi}$ reaction at 35 MeV with an over-all resolution of 5 keV in the deuteron spectra. The results generally show excellent agreement with the weak coupling model except for the ${h}_{\frac{9}{2}}$ hole states. However the observed ${h}_{\frac{9}{2}}$ multiplet states do contain a large fraction of the expected strength. There is also substantial agreement with earlier ($d,t$) work except for some spin assignments and in the location of the ${2}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ member of the $\ensuremath{\pi}{h}_{\frac{9}{2}}$, ${\ensuremath{\nu}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}{i}_{\frac{13}{2}}$ multiplet.[NUCLEAR REACTIONS $^{209}\mathrm{Bi}(p,d)$, $E=35$ MeV; measured levels, $\ensuremath{\sigma}(\ensuremath{\theta})$, deduced $S$].
I Have HPV. Does That Mean That My Husband Cheated on Me? Answering Women's Questions About HPV

Paper Presentation Background The purpose of this presentation is to educate nurses about the most current evidence‐based research findings regarding human papillomavirus (HPV). Many healthcare professionals are not current on the research associated with HPV. Thus, they are uncomfortable discussing it with patients. HPV is the primary cause of cervical cancer, genital warts, and cancers of the vulva, vagina, penis, anus, and oropharynx. Most individuals have never heard about HPV and its association to cervical cancer. Cervical cancer is preventable, and it is the responsibility of the healthcare team to empower patients with scientifically accurate information regarding HPV prevention. Case A newly married, 29‐year‐old, White, healthy female presented to the clinic to obtain her ASCUS/+HPV Pap smear results. Upon receiving the diagnosis of HPV, with tears in her eyes the patient responded to the nurse practitioner, "I have HPV. Does that mean that my husband cheated on me?" The patient was educated about transmission, clearance, and risks of HPV. Her question was answered by the nurse practitioner based on evidence‐based practice literature. A new onset of HPV does not necessarily mean that infidelity has taken place. Research confirms that a healthy immune system can clear HPV in 12 to 24 months from the time of transmission. HPV persistence can occur for up to 10 to 15 years; therefore, it is possible for a partner to have contracted HPV from a previous partner and transmit it to a current partner. It is also possible the patient's partner recently cheated on her; research confirms both possibilities. Conclusion Research literature indicates that scientifically current HPV skill‐building and informational resources are needed to help healthcare providers meet the concerns of their patients. HPV research has rapidly progressed; however, public knowledge has not kept pace with the scientific advances. Female patients are seeking specific information about HPV from their healthcare teams. This is why it is important for healthcare professionals, including nurse practitioners and nurses, to stay informed about the most recent and scientifically accurate HPV research.
The bodies in the bubble: David Foster Wallace's The Pale King

While predominantly concerned with the transformation of the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) during the 1980s, David Foster Wallace's The Pale King (2011) represents signal contradictions in the nature of money, from 1971 (when Richard Nixon ended the convertibility of the dollar into gold) to the events of the 2008 financial crisis (when derivative trading dominated global financial markets). As unstable admixtures of abstraction and concreteness, Wallace's fictional IRS workers embody the changing nature of these contradictions and the uneasy convergence between corporate and corporeal persons caught within the particular processes of abstraction associated with financialisation.
Decomposition-Based Assembly Synthesis for Structural Modularity

A method for modular design of structural products such as automotive bodies is presented where two structural products are simultaneously decomposed to components considering the structural performances of each structure and the component sharing between two structures. The problem is posed as an optimization to minimize the reduction of structural strength due to the introduction of spot-weld joints and the number of redundant joints, while maximizing the manufacturability of the component and component sharing between two structures. As an extension to our previous work, this paper focuses on the simultaneous decomposition of two 3D beam-based structures. The major extensions include 1) a new, realistic definition of feasible joining angles based on the local geometry of joining components, 2) a component manufacturability evaluation that eliminates the need of specifying the number of components prior to decomposition and 3) a multi-objective optimization formulation that allows an effective exploration of trade-offs among different criteria. A case study on the simplified, 3D beam models of automotive bodies is presented to demonstrate the developed method.
Crying: Easily established, but difficult to eliminate

Abstract Drawing from various principles of learning, a behavioral analysis of the young child's operant crying response is attempted. It is proposed that the easy establishment of crying in the child results from four factors: (a) Reinforcement provided by the parent, (b) reinforcement provided by the child, (c) the schedule of reinforcement, and (d) quantitative dimensions of the crying response. The difficulty with regards to eliminating crying is attributed to three factors: (a) Difficulties with extinction, (b) continued reinforcement, and (c) inappropriate‐ness of punishment. In conclusion, a possible solution to the problem of crying in the young child is suggested.
The caudal gene product is a direct activator of fushi tarazu transcription during Drosophila embryogenesis.

A DROSOPHILA pair-rule segmentation gene, fushi tarazu (ftz), encodes a protein which is expressed in a characteristic seven-stripe pattern1. The promoter sequences that are sufficient for generating this spatially restricted pattern of expression are located within 669 base pairs upstream of the transcription start site2. Multiple transcriptional activators and repressors interact with this 'zebra-stripe' promoter unit to bring about the positional specificity of ftz transcription3. Here we report that the homoeodomain-containing protein encoded by caudal (cad) is one such regulator. The cad gene product can increase the level of ftz transcription in the posterior half of the embryo by interacting with multiple copies of a TTTATG consensus sequence located in the zebra-stripe unit. This result demonstrates one pathway by which the product of a maternally expressed segmentation gene, expressed in an antero-posterior concentration gradient, can directly regulate the expression of a pair-rule gene.
Gas and Vapor Sorption and Permeation in Poly(2,2,4-trifluoro-5-trifluoromethoxy-1,3-dioxole-co-tetrafluoroethylene)

The solubilities of N2, CO2, CH4, C2H6, C3H8, and C3F8 and permeabilities of N2, O2, CO2, CH4, C2H6, and C3H8 were determined in a glassy, amorphous fluoropolymer prepared from 80 mol % 2,2,4-trifluoro-5-trifluoromethoxy-1,3-dioxole (TTD) and 20 mol % tetrafluoroethylene (TFE), commercially known as Hyflon AD 80. This polymer exhibits lower increases in hydrocarbon gas and vapor solubility with increasing penetrant critical temperature than conventional hydrocarbon polymers. On the basis of a best fit of the natural logarithm of solubility vs critical temperature, Hyflon AD 80 should have much lower solubility for high molar mass hydrocarbon compounds (e.g., n-decane) than conventional hydrocarbon polymers. Pure gas CO2/CH4 separation properties of this polymer are comparable with those of some hydrocarbon polymers considered for natural gas purification. When exposed to a feed stream containing a mixture of CO2 and CH4, the polymer exhibits a CO2 permeability of approximately 250 barrers and a CO2/CH4 mi...