cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nitric oxide measurements in the Arctic winter stratosphere

Measurements of NO from five flights of the NASA ER-2 aircraft during the Airborne Arctic Stratospheric Expedition are presented. The NO values and vertical gradient near 60 deg N latitude are similar to previous measurements near 50 deg N in winter (Ridley et al., 1984, 1987). The NO latitudinal gradient is distinctly negative outside of the polar vortex, approaching zero at the boundary of the vortex, and remaining below the 20 pptv detection limit inside the vortex. Steady state NO2 and NO(x) (NO + NO2) are calculated from measured NO, O3, and ClO, and modeled photodissociation rates. NO(x) outside the vortex shows a negative dependence on latitude and solar zenith angle. Low NO(x) and NO(x)/NO(y), inside and near the vortex boundary may be indications of heterogeneous removal of ClONO2 and N2O5.
Automatic generation of transaction level models for rapid design space exploration

Transaction-level modeling has been touted to improve simulation performance and modeling efficiency for early design space exploration. But no tools are available to generate such transaction-level models from abstract input descriptions. Designers have to write such models manually, which is a tedious and error-prone task, and one of bottlenecks in improving designer's productivity. In this paper, we propose a method to generate transaction-level models from virtual architecture models where components communicate via abstract message-passing channels. We have applied our approach to a set of industrial-strength examples with a wide range of target architectures. Experimental results show that significant productivity gains can be achieved, demonstrating the effectiveness and benefits of our approach for rapid, early exploration of communication design space.
Assessment of spray distribution with water-sensitive paper

The purpose of this article is to highlight the limitations of water-sensitive paper in characterizing spray droplet distribution and deposition in field application. Spatial distributions of spray droplets discharged from an airblast sprayer were sampled on pairs of absorbent paper (AP) and water-sensitive paper (WSP) targets at several distances from the sprayer. Spray solutions, containing a fluorescent tracer, were discharged from two nozzle sizes to achieve low and high volume rates commonly used in citrus applications. Spray deposits on AP targets were measured by fluorometry and spray coverage areas on WSP cards were assessed by three independent image analysis systems. Generally, there were good correlations ( R 2 = 0.9085 to 0.9748) among the three imaging systems in measuring WSP percent area coverage. Lower volume rate (smaller droplets) provided more useful WSP targets than higher volume rate (larger droplets). Overall, there were somewhat weak correlations between WSP area coverage and AP spray deposition measurements. Volume median diameter and number of droplet stains on WSP cards, obtained by only two imaging systems, showed noticeable differences between the measurements of the two systems. Keywords: WSP, image analysis, spray volume rate, spray coverage, spray droplet size
Production, interest, and saving in deterministic economies with additive endowments

Stationary equilibria are constructed for a series of nonstochastic production economies in which the decisions of producers, wage earners, shareholders, and savers modulate, via a “production function”, the endowment variables in an additive manner. The efficiency of each model is compared to that of a single agent who produces for personal consumption.
OPASYN: a compiler for CMOS operational amplifiers

A silicon compilation system for CMOS operational amplifiers (OPASYN) is discussed. The synthesis system takes as inputs system-level specifications, fabrication-dependent technology parameters, and geometric layout rules. It produces a design-rule-correct compact layout of an optimized operational amplifier. The synthesis proceeds in three stages: (1) heuristic selection of a suitable circuit topology; (2) parametric circuit optimization based on analytic models; and (3) mask geometry construction using a macro cell layout style. The synthesis process is fast enough for the program to be used interactively at the system design level by system designers who are inexperienced in operational amplifier design. >
In vitro uptake of apoptotic body mimicking phosphatidylserine-quantum dot micelles by monocytic cell line

A new quantum dot (QD) PEGylated micelle laced with phosphatidylserine (PS) for specific scavenger receptor-mediated uptake by macrophages is reported. The size and surface chemistry of PS-QD micelles were characterized by standard methods and the effects of their physicochemical properties on specific targeting and uptake were comprehensively studied in a monocytic cell line (J774A.1).
Sources of nutrients in students' diets

This paper describes foods consumed and nutrients derived from specific foods by participants and non-participants in the National School Lunch Program (NSLP) and the School Breakfast Program (SBP). Data are from 24-h dietary intake interviews with 3350 children in grades 1-12, collected as part of the School Nutrition Dietary Assessment Study. The meal-pattern requirements of the NSLP and SBP strongly influence what participants eat. NSLP participants are more likely than nonparticipants to consume milk, meats, grain mixtures, and vegetables, leading to higher intakes of fat and sodium, but also of calcium and vitamin A, and are less likely to consume cakes and cookies, soft drinks, and fruitades, which do not count toward program requirements. SBP participants are more likely than nonparticipants to consume milk and fruit juice, leading to higher intakes of calcium and magnesium, and are three times more likely to eat meat, leading to higher intakes of fat and sodium. Nonparticipants in the SBP obtain similar amounts of vitamins and minerals at breakfast but less food energy.
Electron spectroscopy of the oxidation and aging of U and Pu

Abstract Uranium and Plutonium are highly reactive elements that undergo not only chemical reactions but also nuclear reactions. This can lead to possibly significant materials degradation, a matter of potentially great concern. Here, the issue of the electronic structure changes that occur with oxidation and radiological aging will be addressed, in a fairly empirical manner. In essence, the sensitivity of various electron spectroscopic techniques to oxidation and aging will be surveyed and discussed, including the apparent limitations. It will be found that 5d and 4d X-ray absorption and electron energy loss are essentially blind to the changes corresponding to oxidation and aging in U and Pu.
Application of glial fibrillary acidic protein immunohistochemistry in the quantification of astrocytes in the rat brain

Immunohistochemical staining for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was employed as a tool for quantification of astrocytes in the rat brain. One-micron-methacrylate sections were prepared from 70-micron slices stained for GFAP by using a preembedding staining procedure. Numbers/unit area of astrocytes and nonastrocytes were determined for cortex, corpus callosum, and hippocampal neuropil. In each, counts from GFAP-stained, toluidine-blue-counterstained sections were compared with counts obtained from sections stained with toluidine blue alone. Numbers of nonastrocytes and total glia in all three regions were comparable in both groups of sections. Astrocyte counts in the cortex and hippocampus also showed no significant differences between the two groups. In contrast, the number of astrocytes in the corpus callosum was significantly lower in GFAP-stained, toluidine-blue-counterstained sections than in sections stained with toluidine blue alone. GFAP immunohistochemistry is a useful tool for the quantification of astrocytes in semi-thin plastic sections of rat brain.
Effect of a Mycoplasma hominis-like Mycoplasma on the infection of HEp-2 cells by the TW-183 strain of Chlamydia pneumoniae

We isolated a Mycoplasma hominis-like mycoplasma from a stock culture of Chlamydia pneumoniae TW-183 obtained from the American Type Culture Collection and eradicated the contaminant by treating the stock suspension with a nonionic detergent, Igepal CA-630. The M. hominis-like mycoplasma neither inhibits nor enhances the infectivity of C. pneumoniae for HEp-2 cells.
Learning Discriminative Illumination and Filters for Raw Material Classification with Optimal Projections of Bidirectional Texture Functions

We present a computational imaging method for raw material classification using features of Bidirectional Texture Functions (BTF). Texture is an intrinsic feature for many materials, such as wood, fabric, and granite. At appropriate scales, even "uniform" materials will also exhibit texture features that can be helpful for recognition, such as paper, metal, and ceramic. To cope with the high-dimensionality of BTFs, in this paper, we proposed to learn discriminative illumination patterns and texture filters, with which we can directly measure optimal projections of BTFs for classification. We also studied the effects of texture rotation and scale variation for material classification. We built an LED-based multispectral dome, with which we have acquired a BTF database of a variety of materials and demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed approach for material classification.
INFLUENCE OF ANTE‐MORTEM GLYCOLYSIS AND DEPHOSPHORYLATlON OF HIGH ENERGY PHOSPHATES ON BEEF AGING AND TENDERNESS

The effects of ante-mortem glycolysis, and rapid post-mortem drop in pH and dephosphorylation of high energy phosphates on beef tenderness were studied using twelve major muscles from carcasses having post-slaughter pH values in the ranges 6.7–7.1 and 5.8–6.2. In muscles which had low post-slaughter pH, dephosphorylation of high energy phosphates and pH changes were complete in about 16 hr postmortem. On the other hand, these changes continued for up to 32 hr post-mortem in muscles which had high post-slaughter pH. Muscles with high post-slaughter pH values required about 7 days of aging to attain maximum tenderness, and were more tender than the corresponding low post-slaughter pH muscles aged for the same length of time or longer. Results suggest that the simple measurement of pH within 1 hr after slaughter may be useful for assessing the required aging time and the ultimate tenderness of beef.
Mirror, mirror on my Facebook wall: effects of exposure to Facebook on self-esteem.

Abstract Contrasting hypotheses were posed to test the effect of Facebook exposure on self-esteem. Objective Self-Awareness (OSA) from social psychology and the Hyperpersonal Model from computer-mediated communication were used to argue that Facebook would either diminish or enhance self-esteem respectively. The results revealed that, in contrast to previous work on OSA, becoming self-aware by viewing one's own Facebook profile enhances self-esteem rather than diminishes it. Participants that updated their profiles and viewed their own profiles during the experiment also reported greater self-esteem, which lends additional support to the Hyperpersonal Model. These findings suggest that selective self-presentation in digital media, which leads to intensified relationship formation, also influences impressions of the self.
Temples of the Future: An Historical Overview of the Laboratory's Role in Public Health Practice

Public health practice predates the development of the public health labora­ tory. But, with the birth of modem laboratory science, especially microbiology and serology, disease prevention and control activities developed a more rational scientific basis and, hence, more effective outcomes. However, before the public health laboratory could exist, two prerequisites were necessary: a firm knowledge base that supported laboratory practice as a routine component of scientific inquiry, and a stable and administratively sound organization devoted to public health, into which the laboratory could be integrated. Both elements were lacking in America's early years. Several American cities established boards of health in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries (26); however, these boards tended to be poorly organized and often lay dormant until "an epidemic knocked at the gates of the city" (25). Urbanization and rapid population growth, both consequences of industri­ alization, created health problems that, unlike epidemics, were not cyclical in nature. The persistently negative health consequences of poor housing, overcrowding, and inadequate sanitation were difficult to ignore and raised public health issues to a level that demanded permanent action. In the years
P-wave morphology during right atrial pacing before and after atrial flutter ablation--a new marker for success.

Abstract Simple examination of the surface P wave in the inferior leads when pacing from a location lateral to the subeustachian isthmus might be a substitute for the more cumbersome endocardial mapping needed for demonstration of bidirectional block.
Genetic Variants Contribute to Gene Expression Variability in Humans

Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) studies have established convincing relationships between genetic variants and gene expression. Most of these studies focused on the mean of gene expression level, but not the variance of gene expression level (i.e., gene expression variability). In the present study, we systematically explore genome-wide association between genetic variants and gene expression variability in humans. We adapt the double generalized linear model (dglm) to simultaneously fit the means and the variances of gene expression among the three possible genotypes of a biallelic SNP. The genomic loci showing significant association between the variances of gene expression and the genotypes are termed expression variability QTL (evQTL). Using a data set of gene expression in lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) derived from 210 HapMap individuals, we identify cis-acting evQTL involving 218 distinct genes, among which 8 genes, ADCY1, CTNNA2, DAAM2, FERMT2, IL6, PLOD2, SNX7, and TNFRSF11B, are cross-validated using an extra expression data set of the same LCLs. We also identify ∼300 trans-acting evQTL between >13,000 common SNPs and 500 randomly selected representative genes. We employ two distinct scenarios, emphasizing single-SNP and multiple-SNP effects on expression variability, to explain the formation of evQTL. We argue that detecting evQTL may represent a novel method for effectively screening for genetic interactions, especially when the multiple-SNP influence on expression variability is implied. The implication of our results for revealing genetic mechanisms of gene expression variability is discussed.
Evaluation of Renal Transplant Candidates

The pretransplant evaluation of kidney transplant candidates is a complex process which is best carried out in the context of a multidisciplinary approach. A given patient’s candidacy is determined not only by a careful assessment of the medical/surgical risks but also by a thorough determination of each individual’s psychosocial aspects. What follows is our attempt to provide the reader with a series of simple facts which we hope will, in turn, facilitate an understanding of this ­delicate process.
Retrospective analysis of imaging techniques for treatment planning and monitoring of obliteration for gamma knife treatment of cerebral arteriovenous malformation.

BACKGROUND It has been well established that Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKS) is an effective treatment for brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). OBJECTIVE To evaluate complete obliteration rates for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based GKS treatment planning performed with and without angiography and to conduct a preliminary assessment of the utility of using pulsed arterial spin labeling (PASL) magnetic resonance (MR) perfusion imaging to confirm complete obliteration. METHODS Forty-six patients were identified who had undergone GKS without embolization with a minimum follow-up of 2 years. One group was planned with integrated stereotactic angiography and MR (spoiled gradient recalled) images obtained on the day of GKS. A second technique avoided the risk of arteriography by using only axial MR images. Beginning in 2007, PASL MR perfusion imaging was routinely performed as a portion of the follow-up MRI to assess the restoration of normal blood flow of the nidus and surrounding area. RESULTS The overall obliteration rate for the angiography/MRI group was 88.0% (29 of 33). Patients in the MRI-only group had an obliteration rate of 61.5% (8 of 13), with P=.092 with the Fisher exact test, which is not statistically significant. A Kaplan-Meier analysis was also not statistically significant (log rank test, P=.474). Four of 9 patients with incomplete obliteration on angiography also had shown residual abnormal blood flow on PASL imaging. CONCLUSION This retrospective analysis shows that treatment planning technique used in GKS does not play a role in the eventual obliteration of treated AVMs. PASL may have potential in the evaluation of AVM obliteration.
The Influence of Storage of Shell Eggs Produced by Hens Fed Crude Cottonseed Oil on the Lipovitellins Isolated from These Eggs

Abstract Approximately half of the lipovitellin of stored shell eggs laid by hens fed a diet containing crude cottonseed oil was in a granule fraction which was not soluble in 0.7 M sodium acetate solution. The lipovitellins of this granule fraction were not isolated in the preparation of lipovitellin. The lipovitellins isolated from stored eggs contained slightly more β-lipovitellin than those isolated from fresh eggs. During storage of the eggs, some of the α-lipovitellin was converted to a lipoprotein which was eluted differently from an hydroxylapatite column than either α- or β-lipovitellin.
Preference, Acceptance, and Fitness Components of Microplitis croceipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) Attacking Various Instars of Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

A laboratory experiment showed that preferences of Microplitis croceipes (Cresson) for certain larval instars of Heliothis virescens (F.) may arise in part from variation in probability of parasitization once a parasitoid encounters a host. Host acceptance was higher and handling time shorter for preferred host instars. In support of the hypothesis that parasitoids choose host stages that maximize fitness, development rate was faster and adult head width of wasps was larger for wasps from hosts parasitized in preferred instars. However, the number of oocytes was smallest in wasps from hosts parasitized in the most preferred instar, suggesting a trade-off between development rate and fecundity. Furthermore, egg/larval mortality, pupal mortality, and adult mortality increased monotonically with host instar parasitized. Although the fitness components measured did not relate simply to instar preferences, reasons were found for avoidance of first instar and fifth instar hosts, the least preferred instars.
Rights, Economics, or Family?Frame Resonance, Political Ideology, and the Immigrant Rights Movement

Although social movement scholars in the United States have long ignored activism over immigration, this movement raises important theoretical and empirical questions, especially given many immigrants’ lack of citizenship. Is the rights “master” frame, used extensively by other US social movements, persuasive in making claims for noncitizens? If not, which other movement frames resonate with the public? We leverage survey experiments—largely the domain of political scientists and public opinion researchers—to examine how much human/citizenship rights, economics, and family framing contests shape Californians’ views about legalization and immigrants’ access to public benefits. We pay particular attention to how potentially distinct “pub lics,” or subgroups, react, finding significant differences in frame resonance between groups distinguished by political ideology. However, alternative framings resonate with—at best—one political subgroup and, dauntingly, frames that resonate with one group sometimes alienate others. While activists and political theorists may hope that human rights appeals can expand American notions of membership, such a frame does not help the movement build support for legalization. Instead, the most expansive change in legalization attitudes occurs when framed as about family unity, but this holds only among self-reported conservatives. These findings underscore the challenges confronting the immigrant movement and the need to reevaluate the assumption that historically progressive rights language is effective for immigrant claims-making. When making claims for immigrants, which frames are most resonant for ordinary Americans? Social movement scholars have long argued that activists can
A Program for the Association

(1938). A Program for the Association. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 45, No. 8, pp. 531-536.
Evaluation of the effect of measures for mumps outbreak control by SEIR model

Objective To quantitatively evaluate the effect of mumps outbreak control and provide evidence for developing strategies for control the desease.Methods To compute the theoretical number of case and evaluate the effect of control measures by the SEIR model;and evaluate the effect of emergency vaccination based on different conditions.Results Without any control measures,the theoretical number of case was 694 person which was 9.77 times the reality,and it will last for 120 days compare to the real period for 77 days;in case of the presumption,if the vaccination was conducted on 0 and 7 days after the onset of the first case,the number of case were 37 and 127;the number of case were 112 and 53 when the protective rate were 85%,95% respectively;and the number of case were 150 and 78 when the immunization coverage rate were 80%,90%respectively.Conclusions The measures which were conducted on the school were greatly limited the prevalence of disease;and we can get the better effect in case of the early emergency vaccination and high immunization rate.
A Practical Duplicity

Signs and Symptoms: Thomas Pynchon and the Contemporary World. By Peter L. cooper. Berkeley: Univ. of California Press, 1983. 238 pp. $19.95.
Objective tinnitus in patients with atherosclerotic carotid artery disease

Atherosclerotic carotid artery disease (ACAD) as a cause of objective-pulsatile tinnitus has not been adequately addressed in the literature. This report presents the authors' experience in 12 patients with pulsatile tinnitus arising from ACAD. Ipsilateral carotid bruit was detected in all patients and objective tinnitus was present in eight cases. The intensity of the carotid bruit was louder than the objective tinnitus in all patients. Carotid artery stenosis was confirmed in all patients with noninvasive vascular flow mapping. Atherosclerotic carotid artery disease should be highly suspected in patients with pulsatile-objective tinnitus who are older than 50 years and have associated cardiovascular risk factors. Pulsatile tinnitus in these patients can be the first manifestation of ACAD. Duplex ultrasound study of the carotid arteries can confirm the diagnosis. Consultation with a vascular surgeon is essential in selected cases.
Impact on Patient Management of [18F]-Fluorodeoxyglucose-Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Used for Cancer Diagnosis: Analysis of Data From the National Oncologic PET Registry

INTRODUCTION We assessed the impact of [(18)F]-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) on intended management of patients in the National Oncologic PET Registry (NOPR) for three different diagnostic indications: (a) determining whether a suspicious lesion is cancer (Dx), (b) detecting an unknown primary tumor site when there is confirmed or strongly suspected metastatic disease (cancer of unknown primary origin [CUP]), and (c) detecting a primary tumor site when there is a presumed paraneoplastic syndrome (PNS). METHODS We reviewed a sample of randomly selected reports of NOPR subjects who underwent PET for Dx and CUP and all reports for PNS to find subjects for analysis. For these studies, we evaluated the impact of PET on referring physicians' intended management, based on their management plans reported before and after PET. RESULTS Intended management was changed more frequently in the CUP group (43.1%) than in the Dx (23.9%) and PNS (25.4%) groups (CUP vs. Dx, p < .0001; PNS vs. Dx, p < .0001; CUP vs. PNS, p < .0002). Referring physicians reported that, in light of PET results, they were able to avoid further testing in approximately three-fourths of patients (71.8%-74.6%). At the time when the post-PET forms were completed, biopsies of suspicious sites had been performed in 21.2%, 32.4%, and 23.2%, respectively, of Dx, CUP, and PNS cases. CONCLUSION Our analysis of NOPR data shows that PET appears to have a substantial impact on intended management when used for three common diagnostic indications. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE [(18)F]-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography appears to have a substantial impact on intended management when used for three targeted diagnostic indications: (a) determining whether a suspicious lesion is cancer, (b) detecting an unknown primary tumor site in a patient with confirmed or strongly suspected metastatic disease, and (c) detecting a primary tumor site in a patient with a presumed paraneoplastic syndrome.
Treatment of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media

Chronic suppurative otitis media is a common disease process in children with tympanostomy tubes or tympanic membrane perforations. Although the underlying etiology is still unclear, the most commonly isolated organism is Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Management may be medical, surgical, or both, and depends on the patient's age, associated conditions, and clinical course.
Association of self-reported cognitive concerns with mobility in people with lower limb loss.

AbstractPurpose: This study tested the hypothesis that greater perceived cognitive concerns are associated with worse mobility in a cohort of prosthesis users with lower limb loss (LLL).Method: We performed a secondary analysis of cross-sectional self-report data from a volunteer sample of people with LLL due to dysvascular and non-dysvacular causes. Perceived cognitive difficulties were assessed using the Quality of Life in Neurological Disorders Applied Cognition – General Concerns (Neuro-QoL ACGC). Mobility was measured with the Activities-Specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC) and the Prosthetic Limb Users Survey of Mobility (PLUS-M). Simple linear regressions examined univariate relationships between cognitive concerns and mobility. Multiple linear regression analyses included demographic and amputation-related variables that could influence this relationship.Results: Analysis of data from 1291 people with LLL demonstrated that greater cognitive concerns, measured by the Neuro-QoL ACGC, were associa...
Net CO2 assimilation of cacao seedlings during periods of plant water deficit.

The effect of leaf water potential (Ψ) on net CO2 assimilation rate (A), stomatal conductance (g), transpiration (E) and water-use efficiency (WUE) was measured for three cultivars of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) seedlings during three recurrent drought cycles. Net assimilation varied greatly at high water potentials, but as Ψ dropped below approximately -0.8 and -1.0 MPa, A was reduced to less than 1.5 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1. The relation between g and A was highly significant and conformed to an asymptotic exponential model, with A approaching maximal values at stomatal conductances of 55–65 mmol H2O m-2 s-1. Net assimilation varied linearly (r=0.95) with transpiration, and the slope of the A-E relation (WUE) was approximately 3.0 μmol CO2 mmol-1 H2O throughout the range of stomatal conductances observed. Ci was insensitive to water stress, even though both g and A were strongly affected. Under the experimental conditions used here, mesophyll photosynthesis did not appear to control g through changes in Ci. As stress intensified within each drying cycle, WUE of nonirrigated seedlings did not decline relative to that of controls even though CO2 and water vapor exchange rates underwent large displacements. The effect of seed source was highly significant for WUE, and the basis for observed differences among genotypes is discussed.
Potential Clinical Impact of Inaccurate Automated Platelet Counts in the Setting of Severe Thrombocytopenia

Abstract 3428 Severe thrombocytopenia is not an uncommon finding in the setting of hematologic malignancies. The key to a successful outcome often lies in the ability to support the patient through periods of cytopenia by adopting an aggressive transfusion strategy for platelets. Therefore, an accurate assessment of the platelet count is of utmost importance particularly as it relates to various levels which “trigger” prophylactic platelet transfusion. However, the accuracy and precision of conventional platelet counting methods have been shown to be suspect in severely thrombocytopenic samples. We investigated the accuracy of several commercial hematology analyzers currently available in clinical practice which use optical, impedance and immunologic platelet determination methods and assessed whether biased results could have an impact on decisions regarding platelet transfusion. Four-hundred three (403) EDTA-anticoagulated samples collected from patients with hematologic malignancies and a platelet count of r =0.99, y = −0.96 + 0.88x; n = 37). Also, the International Counsel for Standardization in Haematology and the International Society for Laboratory Hematology recommend the counting of specifically labelled platelets (CD41, CD61) by flow cytometry as a reference method for the enumeration of platelets. Bland-Altman difference plots were used to visualize the agreement between the reference and test methods and the paired t-test evaluated the statistical significance of the difference between methods. We then compared the number of platelet transfusion indications (at various platelet thresholds) as determined by all methods with potential transfusion decisions made using the reference method. There was a statistically significant positive bias among the optical and impedance methods compared with CD61 enumeration. Using various platelet transfusion decision points, the number of patients who were at risk for under transfusion (platelet count above threshold when reference result is Disclosures: Marionneaux: Abbott Diagnostics: Consultancy.
A new Isidid octocoral (Coelenterata: Gorgonacea) from the Galapagos rift

E descrito e ilustrado um gorgonaceo isidideo novo, coletado pelo submarino de profundidade "Alvin", das proximidades de aberturas hidrotermais ao longo de falha das Galapagos. A especie caracteriza-se por sua colonia nao ramificada e rigida com internodos distais muito longos e cobertos por mesogleia gelatinosa excepcionalmente grossa contendo muito poucos escleritos esparsos. Os antocodios dos polipos possuem bastoes grossos com extremidades rombudas dispostos em oito areas que se estendem ao longo dos septos e bastoes menores e escama nos tentaculos e pinulas. A especie e dedicada a Dra. Eveline du Bois-Reymond Marcus.
EXTENDED COURSE OF RECOVERY IN PATIENTS WITH PERIPARTUM CARDIOMYOPATHY ASSESSED BY LEFT VENTRICULAR WALL DISTENSIBILITY

Background: Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) has variable degrees of myocardial recovery over time. The aim was to assess left ventricular (LV) diastolic wall distensibility (DWD) as a measure of diastolic stiffness in PPCM patients. Methods: We studied 100 PPCM patients in the Multicenter
Automated production and bio-evaluation of 11C-DOX for PET imaging histamine H1 receptor

1605 Objectives 11C-Doxepin (11C-DOX)is an established PET probe for imaging the histamine H1 receptor, which is associated with various neurological disorders and allergic diseases. A fully automated cGMP-compliant radiosynthesis is therefore desirable in order to facilitate clinical PET studies. We report here an automated production for 11C-DOX using a multipurpose PET module, and evaluate the tracer using micro-PET imaging. Methods 11C-DOX was radiosynthesized by methylation of nordoxepin using [11C]CH3I in DMF solvent, and then purified by HPLC, and finally reformulated with solid phase extraction using a cGMP-compliant multipurpose PET module developed in house. The final product was analyzed and subjected to quality control according to current USP requirements. Using micro-PET imaging, blocking experiment, and biodistribution studies of 11C-DOX were investigated for imaging the histamine H1 receptor. Results The radiochemical yield (decay corrected) of 11C-DOX for clinical use was 47.0 ± 5.2% (n=12) based on [11C]CH3I, and the radiochemical purity of 11C-DOX was more than 97.5% with 1200 ± 500 Ci/mmol specific activity (EOS). The total production time of 11C-DOX was 37 min from the EOB with the final product passing all tests under cGMP requirements for clinical use. Dynamic micro-PET imaging showed high initial uptake of the tracer, followed by gradual washout. The histamine H1 receptor specificity was subsequently validated through blocking experiments using pretreatment with cold doxepin. Conclusions A simplified and reliable fully automated production of 11C-DOX for clinical use was developed, allowing the synthesis of the tracer with high yield using a cGMP-compliant module and procedure. The synthesized compound demonstrated specific binding to histamine H1 receptor in rat brain using micro-PET imaging
Now is the Time to Address Substance Use Disorders in Primary Care

Although over 21 million people in the United States have substance use disorders, most individuals with addiction do not receive treatment. [1][1] Of those who are fortunate enough to receive treatment, less than 7% access it through their doctor.[2][2] In addition, fewer than 10% of people with
The Anterior Approach for Total Hip Replacement: Background and Operative Technique

This technique follows the Heuter approach, which was first described in the German orthopedic literature in the 1930s. The approach can also be called the Short Smith-Peterson because it follows the interval of the Smith-Petersen distal to the anterior superior iliac spine.
Clinical and Hormonal Evaluation of Androgen Excess

Androgen excess (hyperandrogenism) is one of the most common endocrine disorders of women. Clinical features of hyperandrogenism include hirsutism, ovulatory and menstrual dysfunction, and in some patients acne and androgenic alopecia. Biochemically, hyperandrogenism can be established by the presence of supranormal circulating levels of total or unbound testosterone (T), androstenedione, or the adrenal metabolite dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS). Specific disorders that result in androgen excess include the 21-hydroxylase-deficient nonclassic adrenal hyperplasia (NCAH), ovarian androgen-secreting neoplasms (ASNs), adrenal ASNs with or without Cushing’s syndrome, adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH)-dependent Cushing’s syndrome, the hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, and acanthosis nigricans (HAIR-AN) syndrome, and the use or abuse of androgenic drugs. However, the bulk of androgen excess is secondary to the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Although not properly an androgen excess disorder, idiopathic hirsutism (IH) should be considered in the differential diagnosis of these women. Conceptually, the general approach to patients with androgen excess entails five steps: (1) screening for androgen excess; (2) confirmation of clinical and/or biochemical androgen excess; (3) exclusion of specific androgen excess or related disorders (e.g., 21-hydroxylasedeficient NCAH, ASNs, thyroid dysfunction, or hyperprolactinemia); (4) classification of those patients without a specific androgen excess disorder (i.e., those with “functional” hyperandrogenism) as having PCOS, IH, or occasionally unspecified functional androgen excess; and (5) identification of related morbidities, such as metabolic abnormalities in patients with PCOS or HAIR-AN syndrome, and endometrial abnormalities in patients with long-term ovulatory dysfunction.
NAVEX: precise and scalable exploit generation for dynamic web applications

Modern multi-tier web applications are composed of several dynamic features, which make their vulnerability analysis challenging from a purely static analysis perspective. We describe an approach that overcomes the challenges posed by the dynamic nature of web applications. Our approach combines dynamic analysis that is guided by static analysis techniques in order to automatically identify vulnerabilities and build working exploits. Our approach is implemented and evaluated in NAVEX, a tool that can scale the process of automatic vulnerability analysis and exploit generation to large applications and to multiple classes of vulnerabilities. In our experiments, we were able to use NAVEX over a codebase of 3.2 million lines of PHP code, and construct 204 exploits in the code that was analyzed.
Periconception weight management in the Women, Infants, and Children program.

Introduction Reproductive age women, particularly low-income and minority women, are at risk for obesity. As an integral service provider for these women, the US Department of Agriculture Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children is uniquely positioned to refine its focus and efforts. Methods Strategies for accomplishing this goal include identifying pregnant, inter-partum and post-partum women in need of targeted patient-centred services including education, counselling and support to address weight loss or appropriate gestational weight gain. Results These services may include calorie-controlled diets, behavioural strategies, alternative methods of education delivery and extending post-partum benefits. Implementation of these strategies is feasible through collaboration with related government subsidized programs and reallocation of funds, staff and other resources. Conclusions Given the magnitude of the problem and the adverse outcomes that obesity has on health and quality of life, Women, Infants, and Children can more positively impact the lives of our most vulnerable families, which face an obesogenic environment.
Aortic Complex Rupture After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation

Aortic complex rupture is one of the most critical complications associated with transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). Its incidence is rare, and its mechanism varies by case; therefore, it is difficult to identify the predictors of complex rupture. Herein, we report a clinical case series of aortic complex rupture. Within our cohort, the frequency of complex rupture was 0.8% (4/497 consecutive patients) with an in-hospital mortality of 0. Among these four patients with complex rupture, two underwent emergent thoracotomy and surgical hemostasis without a heart-lung machine and surgical aortic valve replacement, whereas the other two were conservatively managed. The case overview revealed the following similarities: all the patients were elderly, small women; balloon-expandable valves were used; the annulus area was small with heavily calcified leaflet; and aggressive treatment strategy was used (i.e., oversizing and post-dilatation). In such cases, TAVI should be performed with a careful strategy. Once aortic complex rupture occurs, damage can be minimized through cooperation with an institutional heart team and calm management.
Standardized specifications of 2D optical spectrometers

Abstract In recent years two-dimensional (2D) optical spectrometers have proliferated, and a large number of designs and refinements are available. While researchers typically provide a few instrumentation specifications, many important quantifiable technical parameters are unreported. This lack of disclosure is a barrier to new researchers. Many of the unreported parameters can produce spectral artifacts and noise and are therefore likely responsible for reproducibility problems. This microarticle contains a list of parameters that can be used for all wavelength ranges and spectrometer designs, with a focus on the most common implementation of kHz laser systems using the BOX beam geometry. Adoption of this standardized reporting protocol will lead to further spectrometer refinements and improve reproducibility.
Holocene fire history reconstruction of a mid-elevation mixed-conifer forest in the Eastern Cascades, Washington (USA):

Fire histories of mid-elevation mixed-conifer forests are uncommon in the eastern Cascades, limiting our understanding of long-term fire dynamics in these environments. The purpose of this study wa...
An Electric Vehicle Battery Modular Balancing System Based on Solar Energy Harvesting

This paper proposes a solar energy harvesting based modular battery balance system for electric vehicles. The proposed system is designed to charge the battery module with minimum SOC/voltage by solar power during charging and discharging. With the solar power input, the useful energy of the battery can be improved while vehicle driving. For vehicle charging, the charging energy from grid and total charging time can be reduced as well. Simulation analysis shows that for a 50Ah rated battery pack, the overall pure electric drive mileage can be improved by 22.9%, while consumed grid energy and total charging time can be reduced by 9.6% and 9.3% respectively. In addition, the battery life can be improved around 10%~11%. The prototype design and test of a 48V battery pack vehicle consisting of four 12V battery modules are carried out. The experimental results validate that the system has good modular balance performance for the 100Ah battery modules with 5~7A charging current from solar power, and the overall usable battery energy has been increased.
Greek Orthodox Education: Challenges and Adaptations in New York City Schools

This chapter provides an overview of the history of Greek Orthodox schools and educational initiatives from the 1920s through the 1970s as they unfolded under the administrative head of the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of North and South America located in New York City. The Archdiocese is placed at the center of Greek American education as its ideological orientation encompassed cultural, linguistic, and religious facets that mirrored the growing Greek American parish communities. In highlighting the role of the Archdiocese and Greek American stakeholders in the debates that arose around Greek language and education, the Church’s educational principles found particular expression in the schools of New York City.
Managing ocular allergy with topical pharmaceuticals – Outcomes from an interprofessional optometry and pharmacy first year student workshop

Abstract This paper describes a joint optometry and pharmacy student workshop which aims to meet IPEC competencies while teaching students the roles of optometrists and pharmacists, common signs and symptoms of ocular allergy, and the mechanism, use, and appropriate recommendations for common over-the-counter ocular allergy medications. Details are provided on the methods and materials used in the case-based ocular-allergy activity such that it can be used as a model for other health professional workshops.
Imaging through diffusers with extended depth-of-field using a deep neural network

We propose a deep learning framework for imaging through a thin glass diffuser that is robust to defocus. We further elucidate the generalizability of the network by analyzing the learned latent representation.
Adult English learners and the bilingual reading process: Retrospective miscue analysis

This qualitative case study through Retrospective Miscue Analysis (RMA) investigated the reading process of three Chinese-Mandarin-speaking college English learners (ELs) of varied English language...
Implementation of a Critical Care Asthma Pathway in the PICU

Objectives Acute asthma management has improved significantly across hospitals in the United States due to implementation of standardized care pathways. Management of severe acute asthma in ICUs is less well studied, and variations in management may delay escalation and/or deescalation of therapies and increase length of stay. In order to standardize the management of severe acute asthma in our PICU, a nurse- and respiratory therapist-driven critical care asthma pathway was designed, implemented, and tested. Design Cross-sectional study of severe acute asthma at baseline followed by implementation of a critical care asthma pathway. Setting Twenty-six-bed urban quaternary PICU within a children's hospital. Patients Patients 24 months to 18 years old admitted to the PICU in status asthmaticus. Patients with severe bacterial infections, chronic lung disease, heart disease, or immune disorders were excluded. Interventions Implementation of a nurse- and respiratory therapist-driven respiratory scoring tool and critical care asthma pathway with explicit escalation/deescalation instructions. Measurements and Main Results Primary outcome was PICU length of stay. Secondary outcomes were time to resolution of symptoms and hospital length of stay. Compliance approached 90% for respiratory score documentation and critical care asthma pathway adherence. Severity of illness at admission and clinical baseline characteristics were comparable in both groups. Pre intervention, the median ICU length of stay was 2 days (interquartile range, 1-3 d) with an overall hospital length of stay of 4 days (interquartile range, 3-6 d) (n = 74). After implementation of the critical care asthma pathway, the ICU length of stay was 1 day (interquartile range, 1-2 d) (p = 0.0013; n = 78) with an overall length of stay of 3 days (interquartile range, 2-3.75 d) (p < 0.001). The time to resolution of symptoms was reduced from a median of 66.5 hours in the preintervention group to 21 hours in the postintervention compliant group (p = 0.036). Conclusions The use of a structured critical care asthma pathway, driven by an ICU nurse and respiratory therapist, is associated with faster resolution of symptoms, decreased ICU, and overall hospital lengths of stay in children admitted to an ICU for severe acute asthma.
The structure of the cysteine-rich region from human histone-lysine N-methyltransferase EHMT2 (G9a).

Abstract Euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 1 (EHMT1; G9a-like protein; GLP) and euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2 (EHMT2; G9a) are protein lysine methyltransferases that regulate gene expression and are essential for development and the ability of organisms to change and adapt. In addition to ankyrin repeats and the catalytic SET domain, the EHMT proteins contain a unique cysteine-rich region (CRR) that mediates protein–protein interactions and recruitment of the methyltransferases to specific sites in chromatin. We have determined the structure of the CRR from human EHMT2 by X-ray crystallography and show that the CRR adopts an unusual compact fold with four bound zinc atoms. The structure consists of a RING domain preceded by a smaller zinc-binding motif and an N-terminal segment. The smaller zinc-binding motif straddles the N-terminal end of the RING domain, and the N-terminal segment runs in an extended conformation along one side of the structure and interacts with both the smaller zinc-binding motif and the RING domain. The interface between the N-terminal segment and the RING domain includes one of the zinc atoms. The RING domain is partially sequestered within the CRR and unlikely to function as a ubiquitin ligase.
Sunny Stalter-Pace. Imitation Artist: Gertrude Hoffmann’s Life in Vaudeville and Dance

Imitation Artist is a well-researched biography of a path-breaking performer, choreographer, and producer who elevated imitation to an art form. Stalter-Pace draws valuable connections between Hoff...
ADP GloTM: A One Platform Ideal for Assay Development, Screening and Profiling of All Phosphotransferases

Drug safety is of significant important importance in the pharmaceutical industry indicating that minimal side effects constitute a major requirement in drug development. Thus, after rigorous scree...