cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mortality in patients treated for pulmonary embolism

The hospital course of 144 consecutive patients with pulmonary embolism (PE) demonstrated by pulmonary angiography was reviewed to determine the mortality of patients with treated PE. Twelve patients (8%) died of PE, and eight died of causes other than PE; 124 (86%) survived. Pulmonary embolism was the primary cause of death in only four of the 12 patients who died of PE. Pulmonary embolism contributed to the death of eight other patients, each of whom had associated potentially lethal disease, particularly heart disease. The most important factor affecting mortality was shock due to acute right ventricular failure secondary to massive PE (mortality, 32%). Mortality was not related to magnitude of PE per se; the mortality of patients with massive PE without shock (6%) was the same as that for patients with submassive PE (5%). Patients with PE who survive long enough to have the diagnosis established and appropriate prophylactic therapy begun have an excellent prognosis, unless they have associated severe medical disease. ( JAMA 236:1477-1480, 1976)
A parametric study of movement detection properties of neurons in the cat's superior colliculus

Summary Neurons responding to moving and stationary visual stimuli were studied in the superior colliculus of the cat. The majority of neurons were most responsive to stimuli moved in particular directions. Four movement-sensitive neuronal types were characterized: type I, neurons with clearly defined preferred and null directions of movement; type II, neurons in which two spatially continuous highly effective directions of movement were opposed (180° disparity) by two poorly effective directions of movement; type III, neurons showing axis selectivity; and type IV, neurons with no apparent directinosl selectivity. Movement-insensitive neurons activated by diffuse light only were also located. Velocity of movement was found to be a potent variable and velocities of 10°/sec and 50°/sec were most often found to be optimal. In some instances altering stimulus velocity changed the optimal direction of movement, and in the majority of neurons studied an interaction between stimulus direction and velocity was observed. Repeated identical stimulus presentations were sometimes observed to induce marked response attenuation. In many of the neurons studied, however, alternating decremental and incremental response trends were noted.
A VIRUS FROM CASES OF ATYPICAL PNEUMONIA RELATION TO THE VIRUSES OF MENINGOPNEUMONITIS AND PSITTACOSIS

From the lungs of two fatal cases and from the sputum of two non-fatal cases of atypical bronchopneumonia, a psittacosis-like virus was isolated by direct intranasal inoculation of mice. Intraperitoneal injection of the same human material into mice gave negative results. The virus has a relatively high virulence for mice by intranasal or intra-cerebral inoculation, but does not kill after intraperitoneal inoculation. Its virulence for Java ricebirds is low and it fails to produce a carrier state in mice and birds. Two cases showed an increase in complement-fixing antibodies to the new virus and to psittacosis. The virus is antigenically related to the viruses of meningopneumonitis and psittacosis by complement fixation and by active immunity tests in mice.
Counseling the abortion patient: a pastoral perspective.

Unplanned pregnancies are common among women in every congregation. Ministers have an opportunity to offer pastoral abortion counseling to those who wish it that is different from secular problem pregnancy counseling; the minister can offer a value context and facilitate a deep investigation of the decision-making process in a personal way. Concrete information regarding abortion procedures, situational factors important in problem pregnancy decisions, and emotions associated with problem pregnancies are discussed under the headings “healing,” “guiding,” and “reconciling.”
Unilateral facial angiofibromas—a segmental form of tuberous sclerosis

Multiple facial angiofibromas are thought to be a pathognomonic and common, feature of tuberous sclerosis. In contrast, it is rare to see multiple angiofibromas limited to one side of the face. We have studied a patient with multiple angiofibromas of one cheek, in order to search for other manifestations of tuberous sclerosis and to determine the histochemical identity of the angiofibromas. No evidence of other pathology known to be associated with the tuberous sclerosis complex was uncovered. Histopathology of the unilateral lesions revealed focal fibroplasia and positive cellular staining for factor XIIIa and vimentin, similar to that described for bilateral angiofibromas. We suggested that the segmental expression of tuberous sclerosis, in the form of unilateral facial angiofibromas, may result from a postzygotic mutation.
Evidence for host-mycorrhizal preference in native grassland species

Host-mycorrhizal preference was examined between native prairie grasses, Schizachyrium scoparium, Andropogon gerardii and Sporobolus heterolepis , and isolates of indigenous vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal species, Glomus sp. (undescribed), G. geosporum and G. fasciculatum . For most grass-mycorrhizal combinations the percent of root length colonized either increased or remained unchanged with the increase in age of the plants. Glomus sp. was the most highly invasive mycorrhizal fungus, having the highest percent of root length colonized for all three grasses. The other fungal isolates exhibited preferential colonization of the three native grasses. The results demonstrate that the indigenous mycorrhizal fungal isolates tested showed a considerable amount of host preference.
Dynamics of directional reflectance factor distributions for vegetation canopies

Directional reflectance factors that span the entire exitance hemisphere are collected on the ground for a variety of homogeneous vegetation canopies and bare soils. NOAA 6/7 AVHRR bands 1 (0.58-0.68 micron) and 2 (0.73-1.1 microns) are used. When possible, geometric measurements of leaf orientation distributions are taken simultaneously with each spectral measurement. Other supporting structural and optical measurements are made. These data sets are taken at various times of the day for each cover type. These unique sets, together with pertinent data in the literature, are used to investigate the dynamics of the directional reflectance factor distribution as a function of the geometric structure of the scene, solar zenith angle, and optical properties of the scene components (leaves and soil). For complete homogeneous vegetation canopies, the principal trend observed at all sun angles and spectral bands is a minimum reflectance near nadir and increasing reflectance with increasing off-nadir view angle for all azimuth directions.
Reflections of physician-authors on death: literary selections appropriate for teaching rounds.

Physicians constantly confront to death and respond in a variety of ways to the many deaths that they witness and to their own sense of mortality. Student-doctors should be exposed, prior to and du...
Proton Beam Therapy in Pediatric Oncology

Pediatric caregivers and parents are eager to know the role of proton beam therapy (PBT) in the treatment of children with brain and solid tumors and other diseases for which radiation therapy is indicated. Although the number of children treated with PBT for the most common pediatric tumors is relatively small and outcome data are clearly lacking, modeling radiation dose, volume, and outcomes based on photon benchmark data and clinical experience suggest an advantage for PBT and an opportunity to reduce or eliminate many of the early and late effects of radiation therapy. As the number of centers available to treat children increases, it is incumbent on those with access to this modality to optimize other critical aspects of radiotherapy and cancer care and follow-up that are requisite to achieving disease control and high-quality survivorship. Even though the focus of pediatric radiation oncology is weighted toward side effect reduction, there is an opportunity for dose escalation or biologically optimized radiotherapy in a number of diseases or settings in which high-dose irradiation is considered unapproachable. Justification for PBT in pediatric patients should be realized once the costs of treating acute symptoms, growth hormone deficiency, orthopedic deformities, and secondary malignancies are studied and reduced.
Generation of human cytomegalovirus-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes in a short-term culture.

Abstract A method to generate human cytomegalovirus (HCMV)-specific CTL (cytotoxic T lymphocytes) from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells is described. This assay is unique in comparison with other methods reported to date, because it only requires a short-term (6 days) coculture of PBM and autologous infected fibroblasts without the addition of exogenous IL-2 (interleukin-2) and nevertheless is sensitive enough to determine HCMV-specific killing in a short (6 h) 51 Cr-release assay using autologous HCMV-infected fibroblasts as targets. The virus-specific killing is mediated by CTL of the CD8 phenotype and it can be inhibited by a HLA class I monoclonal antibody. The sensitivity of the assay can be significantly enhanced by pretreating the targets with interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) prior to infection with HCMV. HCMV-specific 51 Cr-release is more than doubled when the IFN-γ pretreated targets are used. This increase is mostly due to enhanced sensitivity of the fibroblasts to killing mediated by CD8-positive CTL, but some killing can be attributed to CTL of the CD4 phenotype.
Electrical activity of dislocations: Prospects for practical utilization

The electrical activity of interfacial misfit dislocations in silicon has been examined using the electron beam induced current technique (EBIC) in a scanning electron microscope. “Clean” misfit dislocations, i.e. no EBIC contrast, formed during high-temperature Si(Ge) chemical vapor epitaxy were studied. These defects were subsequently decorated with known metallic impurities (Au and Ni) by diffusion at 400° C to 1130° C from a back-side evaporated layer. Qualitative analysis of the electrical activity in relation to the energy levels anticipated for the clean or decorated dislocations is presented. Of particular interest is the case of defect-induced conductivity type inversion which occurred both at the top surface and at the buried dislocated interfaces of the multilayer. The prospects for using dislocations in a beneficial manner as active elements in electronic devices are discussed.
Layer double hydroxide and sodium montmorillonite multilayer coatings for the flammability reduction of flexible polyurethane foams

Flexible polyurethane foam (PUF) is coated by layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly using branched polyethyleneimine (BPEI), poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), and two different charged nanoparticles, such as sodium montmorillonite (Na-MMT) and layered double hydroxide (LDH). Three different deposition strategies, that is, bilayer, trilayer, and quadlayer, exhibit different coating growth, morphology, and flammability properties. Changing the nanosheet from LDH to MMT dramatically alter the coating mass for the same number of layers. A five bilayer PAA/BPEI+LDH coating reduced the peak heat release rate by 40% and the average heat release rate by 70%, which is two times more effective than commercial fire retardants (FRs) and other LbL-FR coatings for PUF. MMT and LDH mixed multilayers resulted in effective flame-retardant coatings with less coating mass by manipulating the deposition strategy. This study manifests the flexibility of LbL to fine-tune flammability reduction by switching the coating weight gains, which is significant to accelerate the development of other LbL coating regardless of the intended applications. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41767.
Diagrammatic expansions for the Yang-Mills ground state

Abstract Starting from the finite-time action formulation of the temporal gauge, we derive diagrammatic rules for the perturbative evaluation of the Yang-Mills ground state wave functional and energy to all orders. The perturbative expansions are also easily reorganized into semi-classical expansions. As an application, the ground state wave functional through first non-trivial order is explicitly computed. We also speculate on the use of gauge invariance to improve perturbation theory.
Elastic properties and superconductivity of V3Si at high pressure

The pressure derivatives of the single-crystal elastic constants of V/ sub 3/Si were measured at 77 and 298 deg K, and the pressure derivative of the shear modulus c/sub s/ = (c/sub 11/-- c/sub 12/)/2 was measured betw een 37 and 298 deg K. The V/sub 3/Si crystal was of the kind that undergoes the Batterman-- Barrett low-temperature structural transformation. The results differ significantly from those for nontransforming V/sub 3/Si in that, for transforming crystals, ( partial delta c/sub s,/ partial delta p)T shows a negative minimum at about 80 deg K and is positive below about 5O deg K. This is in semiquantitative agreement with the negative pressure coefficient for the structural transformation measured by Chu. From the elastic data the elastic Gruneisen parameters and the pressure coefficients ( partial delta T/sub c// partial delta / p) of the superconducting transition temperature were calculated in the anisotropic Debye approximation. For nontransforming V/sub 3/Si the calculated value of ( partial delta T/sub c// partial delta p) shows the correct sign, but is two and one-half times larger than the experimental value. The calculated ( partial delta T/sub c// partial delta p) is for transforming V/sub 3/Si considerably smaller than formore » nontransforming samples. (auth)« less
A Collaboration and Commercialization Model for Exascale Software Research

We propose a coordinated strategy for exascale software development that includes the incorporation of successful research and development (R&D) into development and engineering (D&E) projects and harvesting the successful D&E projects into products with vendor support (P&S). This allows the most flexible R&D agenda while at the same time providing a commercialization path. This process is described as a natural extension of current focus areas and funding agents for R&D, D&E and P&S, but adds stake holders from the next stage in the process in the upstream processes. This model allows the flexibility to encourage development and competition of ideas in the research, development and productization phases. We anticipate that multiple iterations through this process from R&D through P&S are required to achieve appropriate software for Exascale systems.
Improvement of quality of separated products in stabilization of straight-run naphtha

Etude des possibilites de diminution des quantites d'hydrocarbures C 5 , C 6 contenus dans les naphtas stabilises utilises dans les procedes de reformage. Plusieurs procedes de stabilisation du naphta sont envisages.
Multifacetted study of a cretaceous coal with algal affinities—II. Composition of liquefaction products

Abstract Two hydrogen-rich lithobodies of highly alipathic character from a coal occurring in southwest Utah, have been studied. Bituminite (>50%), vitrinite (25–30%) and liptodetrinite (7–12%) are the principal macerals. The hexane-soluble products of hydrogenating the lithotypes at 400° with tetralin and hydrogen have been analyzed by GC-MS. Products identified include homologous series of alkylated naphthalenes, phenols, furans, cyclohexenones and hydroxy-pyridines. In the case of furans, the alkyl groups extend beyond C 30 . Materials released by Soxhlet extraction with pyridine consist chiefly of homologous series of fatty acids and their methyl esters and of methyl alkyl ketones, which were not found in the hydrogenation products. The long alkyl chains in these substances can account for about 75% of the alkanes found in the hydrogenation products but not in the extracts. Most of the compounds mentioned in the foregoing are thought to be physically held or trapped in the coal, rather than chemically combined in its macromolecular network. Except for the fatty acids, the origins of these substances are difficult to identify.
A new analytical approach to determining Mo and Re speciation in sulfidic waters

Abstract The distinct reactivities of Mo and Re in oxic versus anoxic waters make these elements ideally suited for use as redox proxies. However, their full exploitation as geochemical tracers requires that their chemical transformations in sulfidic water be well understood. While thermodynamic data have been used to predict Mo and Re speciation within sulfidic waters, these predictions remain unsubstantiated because effective methodologies for separating the thiomolybdate (MoVIOxS4 − x2 −) and thioperrhenate (ReVIIOxS4 − x−) anions within natural settings have yet to be developed. Anion exchange chromatography (AEC) is often employed to provide separation of environmentally important anions. For example, thiometalates of As and Sb have been quantified in sulfidic geothermal waters using AEC coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Unfortunately, AEC methods are incapable of separating the thiomolybdate or thioperrhenate anions due to the extreme retention these thiometalates experience on AEC columns. Because reverse phase ion pair chromatography (RP-IPC) offers greatly diminished retention times, we have developed RP-IPC methods that are capable of separating all stable thiomolybdates and thioperrhenates within 40 min. An isocratic method provides effective separation of the thiomolybdates. Thioperrhenates and mixtures of the thiomolybdates and thioperrhenates require gradient methods. Addition of p-cyanophenol (p-CP) to the eluent markedly reduces thiometalate retention and facilitates their separation. Our efforts could lead in the near future to coupling RP-IPC with ICP-MS or multi-collector ICP-MS for characterizing Mo and Re speciation in natural sulfidic waters as well as potential fractionation among Mo and Re isotopes during speciation changes.
Recommendation in heterogeneous information networks with implicit user feedback

Recent studies suggest that by using additional user or item relationship information when building hybrid recommender systems, the recommendation quality can be largely improved. However, most such studies only consider a single type of relationship, e.g., social network. Notice that in many applications, the recommendation problem exists in an attribute-rich heterogeneous information network environment. In this paper, we study the entity recommendation problem in heterogeneous information networks. We propose to combine various relationship information from the network with user feedback to provide high quality recommendation results.The major challenge of building recommender systems in heterogeneous information networks is to systematically define features to represent the different types of relationships between entities, and learn the importance of each relationship type. In the proposed framework, we first use meta-path-based latent features to represent the connectivity between users and items along different paths in the related information network. We then define a recommendation model with such latent features and use Bayesian ranking optimization techniques to estimate the model. Empirical studies show that our approach outperforms several widely employed implicit feedback entity recommendation techniques.
Integrated Brain and Body Exercises for ADHD and Related Problems with Attention and Executive Function

This paper reviews the neuroscience foundation for understanding and harnessing neuroplastic processes that shape the structure and function of the human brain after birth, describes a newly developed, integrated series of computer presented and physical exercises to promote activity-related development of neurocognitive systems of attention and executive function in elementary school children, and reviews evidence of the efficacy of the program. The computer-presented brain exercises have new functionalities that more fully shape the training to each user's individual profile of cognitive strengths and weaknesses than was previously possible. The programs also provide assessments of each child's cognitive strengths and weaknesses based on built in formal tests of cognition and error analytic algorithms applied to 15-20,000 responses from each child while using the brain training program.
Investigating the effects of conductivity on zone overlap with EMMA: computer simulation and experiment.

In this paper we demonstrate, using both experiment and simulation, how sample zone conductivity can affect plug-plug mixing in small molecule applications of electrophoretically mediated microanalysis (EMMA). The effectiveness of in-line mixing, which is driven by potential, can vary widely with experimental conditions. Using two small molecule systems, the effects of local conductivity differences between analyte plugs, reagent plugs and the background electrolyte on EMMA analyses are examined. Simul 5.0, a dynamic simulation program for capillary electrophoresis (CE) systems, is used to understand the ionic boundaries and profiles that give rise to the experimentally obtained data for EMMA analyses for (i) creatinine determination via the Jaffe reaction, a reaction involving a neutral and an anion, and (ii) the redox reaction between gallate and dichloroindophenol (DCIP), two anions. Low sample conductivity, which is widely used in CE analyses, can be detrimental for in-line reactions involving a neutral reactant, as rapid migration of the ionic component across a low conductivity neutral zone results in poor reagent plug overlap, and low reaction efficiency. Conversely, with two similarly charged reagents, a low conductivity sample plug is advantageous, as it allows field-amplified stacking of the reagents into a tight reaction zone. In addition, the complexity of simultaneously overlapping three reagent zones is considered, and experimental results validate the predictions made by the simulation. The simulations, however, do not appear to predict all of the observed experimental behavior. Overall, by combining experiment with simulation, an enhanced appreciation for the local field effects in EMMA is realized, and general guidelines for an advantageous sample matrix can be established for categories of EMMA analyses.
An examination of race and poverty for populations living near industrial sources of air pollution

This study examines the sociodemographic characteristics of people living near industrial sources of air pollution in three areas of the United States: (1) the Kanawha Valley in West Virginia: (2) the Baton Rouge-New Orleans corridor in Louisiana: and (3) the greater Baltimore metropolitan area in Maryland. Using data from the 1990 Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) and the 1990 Census, we analyze relationships between variables assumed to be independent, such as location of single or multiple industrial emission sources, and the dependent variables of race (black/white) and poverty status (above/below poverty level). Results from all three study areas are consistent and indicate that African Americans and those living in households defined to be below the established poverty level are more likely, on average, to live closer to the nearest TRI facility and to live within 2 miles of multiple TRI facilities. Conversely, whites and those living in households above the poverty level are more likely, on average, to live farther from the nearest TRI facility and to live within 2 miles of fewer facilities, compared to African Americans and poor people.
Gene Activity during Germination of Spores of the Fern, Onoclea sensibilis: RNA and Protein Synthesis and the Role of Stored mRNA

Pattern of 3H-uridine incorporation into RNA of spores of Onoclea sensibilis imbibed in complete darkness (non-germinating conditions) and induced to germinate in red light was followed by oligo-dT cellulose chromatography, gel electrophoresis coupled with fluorography and autoradiography. In dark-imbibed spores, RNA synthesis was initiated about 24 h after sowing, with most of the label accumulating in the high mol. wt. poly(A) -RNA fraction. There was no incorporation of the label into poly(A) +RNA until 48 h after sowing. In contrast, photo-induced spores began to synthesize all fractions of RNA within 12 h after sowing and by 24 h, incorporation of 3H-uridine into RNA of irradiated spores was nearly 70-fold higher than that into dark-imbibed spores. Protein synthesis, as monitored by 3H-arginine incorporation into the acid-insoluble fraction and by autoradiography, was initiated in spores within 1-2 h after sowing under both conditions. Autoradiographic experiments also showed that onset of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm of the germinating spore is independent of the transport of newly synthesized nuclear RNA. One-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of 35S-methionine-labelled proteins revealed a good correspondence between proteins synthesized in a cell-free translation system directed by poly(A) +RNA of dormant spores and those synthesized in vivo by dark-imbibed and photo-induced spores. These results indicate that stored mRNAs of O. sensibilis spores are functionally competent and provide templates for the synthesis of proteins during dark-imbibition and germination.
The effect of neutron irradiation damage on the properties of grade NBG-10 graphite

Abstract Nuclear block graphite-10 (NBG-10) is a medium-grain, near-isotropic graphite manufactured by SGL Carbon Company at their plant in Chedde, France. NBG-10 graphite was developed as a candidate core structural material for the pebble bed modular reactor (PBMR) currently being designed in South Africa, and for prismatic reactor concepts being developed in the USA and Europe. NBG-10 is one of several graphites included in the US-DOE Very High Temperature Reactor (VHTR) program. Thirty-six NBG-10 graphite flexure bars have been successfully irradiated in a series of 18 HFIR PTT capsules at ORNL. The capsule irradiation temperatures were 294 ± 25, 360 ± 25 and 691 ± 25 °C. The peak doses attained were 4.93, 6.67, and 6.69 × 10 25 n/m 2 [ E > 0.1 MeV] at ∼294, ∼360, and ∼691 °C, respectively. The high temperature irradiation volume and dimensional change behavior, and flexure strength and elastic modulus changes of NBG-10 were similar to other extruded, near-isotropic grades, such as H-451, which has been irradiated previously at ORNL. The low temperature (∼294 °C) irradiation volume and dimensional change behavior was also as expected for extruded graphites, i.e., exhibiting low dose swelling prior to shrinkage. This behavior was attributed to the relaxation of internal stress arising from the graphite manufacturing process and specimen machining. While the data reported here do not represent a complete database for NBG-10 graphite, they give a measure of confidence that the current generation of nuclear graphites will behave in a familiar and well understood manner.
Control of neuronal ion channel function by glycogen synthase kinase-3: new prospective for an old kinase

Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) is an evolutionarily conserved multifaceted ubiquitous enzyme. In the central nervous system (CNS), GSK-3 acts through an intricate network of intracellular signaling pathways culminating in a highly divergent cascade of phosphorylations that control neuronal function during development and adulthood. Accumulated evidence indicates that altered levels of GSK-3 correlate with maladaptive plasticity of neuronal circuitries in psychiatric disorders, addictive behaviors, and neurodegenerative diseases, and pharmacological interventions known to limit GSK-3 can counteract some of these deficits. Thus, targeting the GSK-3 cascade for therapeutic interventions against this broad spectrum of brain diseases has raised a tremendous interest. Yet, the multitude of GSK-3 downstream effectors poses a substantial challenge in the development of selective and potent medications that could efficiently block or modulate the activity of this enzyme. Although the full range of GSK-3 molecular targets are far from resolved, exciting new evidence indicates that ion channels regulating excitability, neurotransmitter release, and synaptic transmission, which ultimately contribute to the mechanisms underling brain plasticity and higher level cognitive and emotional processing, are new promising targets of this enzyme. Here, we will revise this new emerging role of GSK-3 in controlling the activity of voltage-gated Na+, K+, Ca2+ channels and ligand-gated glutamate receptors with the goal of highlighting new relevant endpoints of the neuronal GSK-3 cascade that could provide a platform for a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the dysfunction of this kinase in the CNS and serve as a guidance for medication development against the broad range of GSK-3-linked human diseases.
Problem format and presentation sequence: effects on learning and mental effort among US high school students

The study involving 209 high school students in an instructional program about comma rules was an attempt to test the concepts of cognitive load theory in a real classroom setting. It investigated the effects of (a) cued versus conventional problems and (b) blocked versus random problem presentation sequence during practice on the performance and perceived mental effort of lower- and higher-achieving students. The researchers anticipated that cued problems would reduce learner extraneous cognitive load while random problem presentation sequence would increase germane cognitive load. The researchers also predicted that expected effects may not hold true for higher-achieving students. The treatments yielded a near-significant interaction effect for mental effort ratings indicating that conventional problems may have appeared harder to lower-achieving students while cued problems may have appeared harder to higher-achieving students. There were no notable performance differences. Issues related to researching cognitive load theory effects in a real classroom setting are discussed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exploiting lookahead in synchronous parallel simulation

The performance impact of event simultaneity and barrier synchronization on globally-clocked, discrete- event simulations is quantified using both a performance model and empirical results. We investigate the use of both conservative and optimistic lookahead to improve event simultaneity. The use of conservative lookahead is shown to be clearly beneficial, significantly improving overall simulation performance. Optimistic lookahead, however, is more problematic. Empirical results show that the overhead needed to support optimistic lookahead defeats the performance gains due to increased simultaneity.
Glucocorticoid regulation of lung beta-adrenergic receptors

To test the hypothesis that glucocorticoids modulate lung beta-adrenergic receptors as a mechanism for their therapeutic effect in asthma, we investigated the effects of adrenalectomy and glucocorticoid administration on rat lung beta-adrenergic receptors. The data demonstrate that, compared to untreated animals, adrenalectomized Sprague-Dawley rats treated with cortisol (80 mg/kg) for 5 days and nonoperated rats treated with methylprednisolone (100 mg/kg) for 5 days have a 30% increase in lung beta-adrenergic receptors, as measured by [3H]-dihydroalprenolol binding. These data support the hypothesis that pharmacological doses of glucocorticoids modulate lung beta-adrenergic receptors upwards. This mechanism may account, at least in part, for the therapeutic effect of these drugs in asthma.
PHOTO‐INDUCED ELECTRON TRANSFER FROM TRANSITION METAL CATIONS TO EXCITED STATES OF THE 10‐METHYLACRIDINIUM ION

— Photo-induced electron transfer from cuprous ion to electronically excited 10-methyiacridinium tetrafluoroborate in acetonitrile-water solutions is described. The final photoproducts are Cu2+ (aq) and 10,10′-dimethyl-9,9′-biacridane. The proposed mechanism, based on microsecond flash excitation and fluorimetry experiments, is one-electron transfer from Cu+ to the 10-methylacridinium ion triplet state (and possibly the singlet state), followed by dimerization of the neutral acridinyl radical. Because the high energy photoproducts revert slowly to reactants, the system may have potential for storage and controlled recovery of light energy.
Role based interoperability approaches within LVC federations

The idea of the magic circle, frequently referenced in the serious gaming community, is explained and then shown to be a possible perspective to view live-virtual-constructive (LVC) simulation federations. This view opens the method of categorizing different roles and data capabilities for the various elements and actors within an LVC federation. The applicability of this view is shown in some explanatory detail, including a description of its applicability to simulations, the different types of roles, and the variety of knowledge (procedural and propositional) that can be qualified when the federation is viewed this way. Structured identification of the federation elements and the data they are exchanging is relied on to describe peculiar data interoperability issues that exist within current LVC federation architectures, and which may also affect future LVC federation architectures currently under development.
Compact reflectarray antenna element using split ring resonator

This paper presents a compact reflectarray element using split ring resonators (SRRs) for small size and high gain reflectarray design. The proposed element is constructed of dual concentric split rings and a metal line on different layers. Several design parameters of the unit cell are studied for obtaining better phase response. The proposed unit cell achieves a good phase response of 700 degrees at X-band. The unit cell size is 14 mm × 14 mm (0.36 λ 0 × 0.36 λ 0 ). Due to the small unit cell size, the reflectarray with the proposed element can be expected to achieve high gain.
Attribute and Responsibility Framing Effects in Television News Coverage of Poverty1

This study looks at how television news may contribute to inaction toward the poor through the attribute and responsibility framing of poverty stories. Participants were shown 1 of 4 news presentations on poverty. The news presentations depicted the poor as either primarily Black or primarily White, and framed poverty stories either episodically or thematically. Individuals shown presentations depicting the poor as White felt stronger that too little was being spent on poverty programs and were more likely to take a flyer about volunteering with a poverty charity than were participants shown presentations depicting the poor as Black. This pattern of results was found for both White and Black participants. No effects were found based on the responsibility framing.
Hepatitis during respiratory syncytial virus infection--a case report.

Introduction Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is the most common cause of hospitalization in infants and small children. The aim was to present a 13-months old boy diagnosed with acute airway infection, acute otitis media (AOM) and hepatitis during the RSV-infection. Material and methods Serum catalytic activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotranspherase (AST), alanine aminotranspherase (ALT), gamma glutamyl transpherase (GGT), lactate dehydrogenase (LD), and concentrations of bilirubin were monitored during hospitalization and at control examination. Results The child had clinical signs and symptoms of respiratory failure, AOM, and laboratory findings of virus infection and liver disease. On admission, catalytic activities of enzymes were markedly increased, especially the activity of ALP (10333 U/L, i.e. 24-fold increase in comparison with the upper reference limit). The highest increased in AST (339 U/L, 4.5-fold), ALT (475 U/L, 10.3-fold) and LD (545 U/L, 1.5-fold) were registered on the 3rd day, and the highest increase in GGT (68 U/L, 3.1-fold) occurred on the 11th day. Seven weeks after discharge AST, ALT, GGT and LD decreased into reference range, and ALP remain mildly increased (478 U/L, 1.1 fold increase). RSV was confirmed in nasal lavage fluid. Conclusion Laboratory results in patient with RSV infection needs to be interpreted in the light of both, respiratory and extrapulmonary manifestations of the infection, respectively.
Compilation Techniques for Optimizing Communication on Distributed-Memory Systems

Communication overhead can significantly impact the performance execution of programs on distributed-memory systems.
Time Trends in Incidence, Clinical Features, and Cardiovascular Disease in Ankylosing Spondylitis Over Three Decades: A Population‐Based Study

Objective To determine trends in the incidence and clinical presentation of ankylosing spondylitis (AS), the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cardiovascular (CV) risk factors among patients with AS and compare the observed incidence of CVD with that predicted by the Framingham Risk Score (FRS). Methods A population-based inception cohort of residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota age ≥18 years who fulfilled Modified New York Criteria for AS in 1980–2009 was assembled. Clinical features at presentation were recorded. Age- and sex-adjusted incidence rates and survival were estimated. Incident CVD and CV risk factors were identified. The 10-year CVD risk was calculated using the FRS. Standardized incidence ratios (ratios of observed CVD in AS to that predicted by the FRS) were calculated. Results Eighty-six patients were diagnosed with AS over the study period with an age- and sex-adjusted incidence of 3.1 per 100,000 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 2.5–3.8). The mean age at diagnosis was 35 years (range 19–69 years). Inflammatory back pain, seen in 90% of patients, was the most common presenting manifestation. The 10-year mean ± SD cumulative incidence of CVD was 15.8% ± 6.1%, three times higher than the predicted events based on the FRS (standardized incidence ratio 3.01, 95% CI 1.35–6.69; P = 0.007). Overall survival was similar to the general population. Conclusion AS occurs in approximately 3 persons per 100,000 per year. Clinical features, extraarticular manifestations, and interval from symptom onset to diagnosis have remained constant in this population over the study period. The CVD risk in these patients is higher than expected and underestimated by the FRS.
Implementation Details and Flight Test Results of an Autonomous Soaring Controller

*Using only the initial energy from a 140m launch, an autonomous soaring glider covered over 48km and stayed aloft for over 1.5hr by actively searching out and using naturally occurring convective air updrafts (thermals). North Carolina State University and the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory have designed and implemented this novel convective air updraft locating and guidance algorithm for glider-based unmanned aerial systems (UAS). The local air vertical motion is estimated using the vehicle energy rate of change and the vehicle speed polar. Next, updrafts are initially geo-located with a centroid-based center estimator acting on the local air motion estimates. Then, an adaptive grid of nodes is constructed in real-time, the nonlinear regression correlation coefficient for each node computed, and the highest correlation node chosen, yielding much improved center estimation. Vehicle commanded speed has been optimized using MacCready Speed-to-Fly theory, coupled with a Speed Ring to increase cross-country performance. The effects of wind-drift correction, no-phase-lag filtering, and nonlinear updraft-parameterization are demonstrated with samples of flight data.
Posttraumatic epilepsy in World War II veterans.

Enquete sur l'evolution a long terme des troubles neurologiques et des conditions socio-economiques chez 244 hommes blesses de guerre sur une periode de 40 ans. Une comparaison est etablie avec les victimes de traumatismes crâniens dans le civil
Interactions between cognition and motivation during response inhibition

A growing number of studies have investigated how motivation interacts with particular cognitive functions, including attention, working memory, and other executive functions. In these studies, the emphasis has been on understanding how motivation impacts brain regions that contribute to improving behavioral performance. Less is understood about how positive incentives may actually impair behavioral performance. Here, we were interested in investigating a situation in which reward would be potentially deleterious to behavioral performance. Specifically, we hypothesized that rewarding participants for correct going would impair stopping performance. Critically, we hypothesized that the effects on inhibition would be specific, namely, not simply attributable to a speeding-up of reaction time during go trials. To investigate the interaction between inhibition and motivation, participants performed a stop-signal task during two conditions, namely, during a neutral, control condition and during a rewarded condition during which they were rewarded for correct go performance. Behaviorally, participants exhibited longer stop-signal reaction times during the reward relative to the control condition, indicating that it was harder to inhibit their responses during the former condition. Neuroimaging findings revealed that a host of brain regions were involved in stop-signal inhibition, as indexed via the contrast of successful and unsuccessful stop trials. Critically, a subset of these regions, which included the right inferior frontal gyrus, the left precentral gyrus, and bilateral putamen, exhibited significant inhibition by condition interactions, demonstrating that cognitive and motivational signals interact in the brain during inhibitory control.
The Evolution of Corporate Social Reporting Practices in Mexico

This study analyzes corporate social reporting in Mexico as it has evolved in recent years, expanding and updating a previous study. Two sets of Mexican companies were identified, each of whom had expressed a commitment to corporate social responsibility (CSR) through social responsibility reports and practices on their websites. One set (“first generation”) were identified as early adopters of CSR reporting in Mexico by a previous study published in 2006. The second set (“second generation”) has adopted CSR reporting practices since the data collection for the first study was finished. Through content analysis of the websites of both these “first generation” and “second generation” companies, general CSR reporting practices in Mexico were assessed. “First generation” companies were found to more frequently issue CSR reports and have them available in more languages than “second generation” companies. “First generation” companies also refer to stakeholders, citizenship, human rights, and code of conduct more often than “second generation” companies. The results suggest that “first generation” companies in recent years have reduced the use of local norms that focus on Mexican values, philanthropy, and a Spanish-speaking audience, and are moving more toward global norms of abiding by international standards that emphasize concrete reporting norms, along with social and environmental goals. At the same time, “second generation” companies are evolving their reporting norms in a way similar to what was observed in “first generation” companies, emphasizing local norms in their initial CSR reporting.
Conducting Qualitative Research: A Practical Guide for School Counselors.

This article discusses the concept of school counselor as researcher. Qualitative research is defined, explained, and differentiated from quantitative research. School counselor questions that lend themselves to qualitative research are explored. The article also discusses the steps of qualitative research in depth, including developing questions, identifying gatekeepers, conducting interviews and observations, and analyzing data.
An Isoform of Decorin Is a Resistin Receptor on the Surface of Adipose Progenitor Cells

Adipose stromal cells (ASCs) serve as mesenchymal progenitors in white adipose tissue (WAT). Intercellular interactions involving ASCs have remained obscure. By merging phage display technology with fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), we screened a combinatorial library for peptides that target mouse ASCs in vivo. We isolated peptide CSWKYWFGEC that specifically homes to ASCs, used it as bait to purify the corresponding ASC surface receptor, and identified it as a previously unreported cleavage product of decorin (DCN) lacking the glycanation site (termed ΔDCN). We demonstrate that ΔDCN is differentially expressed on ASC surface. In a screen for ΔDCN-binding proteins, we identified resistin, an adipokine for which the receptor has been unknown. Expression of ΔDCN in 3T3-L1 cells promoted proliferation and migration but suppressed lipid accumulation upon adipogenesis induction, which was resistin dependent. We conclude that ΔDCN serves as a functional receptor of resistin in adipocyte progenitors and may regulate WAT expansion.
Amyloid-based Therapies for Alzheimer's Disease: From Vaccines to Secretase Inhibitors

Accumulation of β-amyloid protein (Aβ) in the brain is one of the key neuropathologic features of Alzheimer’s disease. While current understanding of how Aβ is generated has grown there is still no approved treatment available that either prevents its formation or removes it from the brain. However, numerous treatment strategies are being tested that are aimed at each step of the amyloid pathway—from its initial liberation, to its early aggregation, and finally to the eventual formation of insoluble β-pleated sheets. Today, Aβ is the most accessible therapeutic target available for Alzheimer’s disease. In the process of developing treatments based on Aβ modification, there is a great deal to learn not only about Alzheimer’s disease but also about the normal function of the brain. This article discusses the current status of various strategies aimed at reducing amyloid burden in the brain.
Cardiac synchronous and dys-synchronous remodeling in diabetes mellitus.

Glucose-mediated impairment of homocysteine (Hcy) metabolism and decrease in renal clearance contribute to hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) in diabetes. The Hcy induces oxidative stress, inversely relates to the expression of peroxisome proliferators activated receptor (PPAR), and contributes to diabetic complications. Extracellular matrix (ECM) functionally links the endothelium to the myocyte and is important for cardiac synchronization. However, in diabetes and hyperhomocysteinemia, a "disconnection" is caused by activated matrix metalloproteinase with subsequent accumulation of oxidized matrix (fibrosis) between the endothelium and myocyte (E–M). This contributes to "endothelial–myocyte uncoupling," attenuation of cardiac synchrony, leading to diastolic heart failure (DHF), and cardiac dys-synchronizatrion. The decreased levels of thioredoxin and peroxiredoxin and cardiac tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase are in response to antagonizing PPARγ.
Relative Motility of Fishes in a Southeastern Reservoir Based on Tissue Polychlorinated Biphenyl Residues

Abstract Our objective was to investigate the potential utility of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) residues in fish tissue as an indicator of the relative motility of fish species in Lake Logan Martin, a 6,179-ha reservoir located in east-central Alabama. Choccolocco Creek, a midlake tributary, was the site of deposition of PCBs and this embayment had the highest concentrations of PCBs. The relationship between PCB concentrations in fish muscle tissue and the distance of the fish, at capture, from the Choccolocco Creek embayment was used to infer the relative motility of 12 species of warmwater sport and commercial fishes. Regression analyses of PCB concentration versus distance suggested that species ranged from low motility (highly significant regression and relatively high R 2) to high motility (insignificant regression or relatively low R 2). Centrarchids were relatively immotile, moronids were relatively motile, and flathead catfish Pylodictis olivaris exhibited the most motility. Our results reflect ...