cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Text mining for processing conditions of solid-state battery electrolytes

Abstract The search for safer next-generation lithium ion batteries has motivated development of solid-state electrolytes (SSEs), owing to their wide electrochemical potential window, high ionic conductivity (10−3 to 10−4 S cm−1) and good chemical stability with a wide range of high charge capacity electrode materials. Still, optimization of the processing conditions of SSEs without sacrificing the performance of the complete cell assembly remains challenging. Insights extracted from scientific literature can accelerate the optimization of processing protocols of SSEs, yet digesting the information scattered over thousands of journal articles is tedious and time consuming. In this work, we demonstrate the role of text mining to automatically compile materials synthesis parameters across tens of thousands of scholarly publications using machine learning and natural language processing techniques that glean information into the processing of sulfide and oxide-based Li SSEs. We also gain insight on low temperature synthesis of highly potential oxide-based Li garnet electrolytes, notably Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO), which can reduce the interface complexities during integration of the SSE into cell assembly. This work demonstrates the use of text and data mining to expedite the development of all-solid-state Li metal batteries by guiding hypotheses during experimental design.
Inpatient Telemedicine Implementation as an Infection Control Response to COVID-19: Qualitative Process Evaluation Study.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic created new challenges to delivering safe and effective health care while minimizing virus exposure among staff and patients without COVID-19. Health systems worldwide have moved quickly to implement telemedicine in diverse settings to reduce infection, but little is understood about how best to connect patients who are acutely ill with nearby clinical team members, even in the next room. Objective: To inform these efforts, this paper aims to provide an early example of inpatient telemedicine implementation and its perceived acceptability and effectiveness. Methods: Using purposive sampling, this study conducted 15 semistructured interviews with nurses (5/15, 33%), attending physicians (5/15, 33%), and resident physicians (5/15, 33%) on a single COVID-19 unit within Stanford Health Care to evaluate implementation outcomes and perceived effectiveness of inpatient telemedicine. Semistructured interview protocols and qualitative analysis were framed around the RE-AIM (reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance) framework, and key themes were identified using a rapid analytic process and consensus approach. Results: All clinical team members reported wide reach of inpatient telemedicine, with some use for almost all patients with COVID-19. Inpatient telemedicine was perceived to be effective in reducing COVID-19 exposure and use of personal protective equipment (PPE) without significantly compromising quality of care. Physician workflows remained relatively stable, as most standard clinical activities were conducted via telemedicine following the initial intake examination, though resident physicians reported reduced educational opportunities given limited opportunities to conduct physical exams. Nurse workflows required significant adaptations to cover nonnursing duties, such as food delivery and facilitating technology connections for patients and physicians alike. Perceived patient impact included consistent care quality, with some considerations around privacy. Reported challenges included patient–clinical team communication and personal connection with the patient, perceptions of patient isolation, ongoing technical challenges, and certain aspects of the physical exam. Conclusions: Clinical team members reported inpatient telemedicine encounters to be acceptable and effective in reducing COVID-19 exposure and PPE use. Nurses adapted their workflows more than physicians in order to implement the new technology and bore a higher burden of in-person care and technical support. Recommendations for improved inpatient telemedicine use include information technology support and training, increased technical functionality, and remote access for the clinical team.
Dietary Fat and Mammary Gland Developmental Growth in the Immature Female Mouse

The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not the type of dietary fat can affect mammary gland growth processes in the immature female Balb/c mouse. Groups of immature mice were fed one of the following semi-synthetic diets containing different types of fat, i.e., 5 vegetable oil diets (5% corn oil, 20% corn oil, 20% olive oil, 20% linseed oil, 19% coconut oil-1% corn oil), 2 animal fat diets (20% lard, 19% beef tallow-1% corn oil) and 1 fish oil diet (19% Menhaden oil-1% corn oil). In addition, fishcorn oil diets (20%) containing 3 different levels of corn oil (15%, 10%, 4.5%) and fish oil (5%, 10%, 15.5%) were also examined in these studies. Immature mice were fed these diets from 21 to 45 days of age, ovariectomized at 35 days of age, injected daily with 17β-estradiol (1 μg) and progesterone (1 mg) on day 42–44 and sacrificed on day 45. Mammary ductal expansive growth through the mammary fat pad (mm, nipple to farthest end bud) was determined on the inguinal (no. 4) mammary glands. In mice fed the fish oil diets (19% Menhaden oil-1% corn oil, 15.5% Menhaden oil-4.5% corn oil, 10% Menhaden oil-10% corn oil), significantly (P<0.05) reduced ductal expansive growth of the mammary gland was observed when compared to mice fed the 19–20% vegetable oil or animal fat diets. No significant difference in mammary gland growth was observed among the groups of mice fed the 19–20% vegetable oil or animal fat diets. In addition, significantly (P<0.05) reduced mammary gland ductal expansive growth was observed in mice fed the 5% corn oil diet compared to mice fed the 20% corn oil diet. Mean body weight gains among the dietary groups of mice were not significantly influenced by diet. Thus, among the fat diets examined in this study, only the animals fed the low fat diet (5% corn oil) or the fish oil diets (19% Menhaden oil-1% corn oil, 15.5% Menhaden oil-4.5% corn oil, 10% Menhaden oil-10% corn oil) had impaired (reduced) mammae development. The results of our study clearly demonstrate that developmental growth of the mammary gland in immature female mice can be significantly affected (impaired) by diet, but by only rather extreme dietary intervention, i.e., by reducing fat content by 75% (20% to 5%) or by feeding very high levels of certain fish oils (Menhaden) that are extremely rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids such as EPA and/or DHA.
Tetanus and diphtheria toxoids and acellular pertussis vaccine uptake during pregnancy in a metropolitan tertiary care center.

Abstract Objectives Tetanus, diphtheria and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine is recommended during each pregnancy, but national uptake is poor. We assessed Tdap uptake in a tertiary referral hospital served by university-affiliated and private obstetrical offices. Methods Review of women delivering at Texas Children's Hospital Pavilion for Women, Houston, Texas, during April 2013–June 2014. Results 6577 deliveries occurred during the study period. Mean maternal age was 29.8 years (range 13–49); race/ethnicity was 43.6% White, 27% Hispanic, 21% Black, 7.1% Asian, and 1.3% other. 252 were multiple gestations; 229 sets of twins, 21 triplets and 2 quadruplets. 3678 (56%) women received Tdap during pregnancy, 249 (3.8%) postpartum and 100 (1.5%) received Tdap pre-conception only. Tdap uptake during pregnancy increased from 36% in April 2013 to a sustained uptake of greater than 61% since November 2013, with increases noted coincidental with presentations highlighting Tdap maternal immunization recommendations at faculty and staff meetings, and the release of the ACOG “toolkit”. When antenatal Tdap vaccine was administered, mean gestation at receipt of Tdap was 31.4 weeks and 95% of vaccinated women received Tdap at the recommended gestation interval of 27–36 weeks, 71.6% during the 28–32 week window believed optimal for placental transport and 98.5% at least 7 days before delivery. Of 19 women with two pregnancies during the study period, four (21%) had Tdap during both. Black women were less likely to receive antenatal Tdap than women of other race/ethnicity (41% versus 60%; P Conclusions Sustained antenatal Tdap uptake rates exceeding 61% were achieved after strategies to increase awareness of recommendations were introduced and 95% of women were immunized at a gestation optimal for efficient maternal antibody placental transport. Further increases in uptake will require system changes such as best practice alerts in electronic medical records.
Csound for Linux

Mr. Phillips discusses some history as well as what's happening now in the Linux Csound world
IRIDIUM COMPLEXES OF AMPHOS (AMPHOS = [PPh2CH2CH2NMe3 +]I−): CRYSTAL AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURES OF trans-Ir(CO)(CI)(PPh2CH2CH2NMe2)2 AND [trans-Ir(CO)(Cl)(PPh2CH2CH2NMe3)2 2+][I−]2·2DMSO

Abstract An improved synthesis of a water-soluble phosphine ligand, PPh2(CH2CH2NMe3 +I−) amphos, is reported. Iridium complexes with amphos, trans-Ir(CO)X(amphos)2 (X = Cl, I), Ir(CO)(H) (amphos)3 and Ir(CO)3(amphos)2 + have been prepared and examined for reactions with H2 and CO. Structures of trans-Ir(CO)(Cl)(PPh2CH2CH2NMe2)2 and [trans-Ir(CO)(Cl)(PPh2CH2CH2NMe3 +)2][I−]2·2DMSO are compared to each other and to trans-Ir(CO)(Cl)(PPh3)2. The amphos ligand changes the solubility of iridium complexes, but does not markedly change the nature of the iridium center. Reactions show the effects of more polar solvents.
Is UpToDate ready for the ICU

Owing to the complexity of modern medical care, providers are increasingly turning to a growing arsenal of computer-based references for quick and reliable clinical information. In recent years, UpToDate has emerged as one of the leading subscription-based software packages. The latest version (10.2) was released in June 2002 and includes an impressive 6259 topics from the fields of internal medicine and pediatrics. Thirteen medical subspecialties are also covered, including pulmonary and critical care, gastroenterology, and infectious diseases. In most cases, the authors are established experts in their respective field. Individual topics follow a review article format, including a brief introduction, subject explanation, some future predictions, graphics, tables, and references. The sidebar table of contents allows quick navigation to any section in the article. Whenever possible, links to other related topics are highlighted within the text. Click on a medication name and a pop-up window displays a concise monograph for the drug. Similarly, click on any reference and a pop-up window displays the citation's Medline abstract. Although UpToDate is well regarded by general internists and pediatricians, I decided to challenge the software with a variety of contemporary critical care topics. These included ventilator management in acute respiratory distress syndrome, glycemic control in the intensive care unit (ICU), recombinant activated protein C for sepsis, blood product transfusions in the ICU, corticosteroid administration for refractory shock, and nosocomial infections in the ICU. Overall, UpToDate performed well, and consistently returned the type of results I desired. Rarely did I need to refine my search strategy. Most topics were well written and emphasized the current scientific evidence. Graphics and tables were always printer-friendly. Needless to say, the references were up to date (all topics had been revised in the past six months). Although I recommend it, be prepared to pay. All these features come with a price tag.
The Insulin-Specific T Cells of Nonobese Diabetic Mice Recognize a Weak MHC-Binding Segment in More Than One Form

Several naturally occurring anti-insulin CD4 T cells were isolated from islet infiltrates of NOD mice. In accordance with the results of others, these T cells recognized the segment of the beta-chain from residues 9-23. Peptides encompassing the B:(9-23) sequence bound weakly to I-Ag7 in two main contiguous registers in which two residues at the carboxyl end, P20Gly and P21Glu, influenced binding and T cell reactivity. Naturally occurring insulin-reactive T cells exhibited differing reactivities with the carboxyl-terminal amino acids, although various single residue changes in either the flanks or the core segments affected T cell responses. The insulin peptides represent another example of a weak MHC-binding ligand that is highly immunogenic, giving rise to distinct populations of autoimmune T cells.
Electrocatalysis at a Pt electrode surface in a fuel cell as observed in situ from Pt-H and Pt-O shape resonances and EXAFS scattering in Pt L2,3 XANES

Pt-H and Pt-O shape resonances are identified in Pt L 23 XANES data obtained in situ at a Pt electrode surface. Unprecedented new information on the bonds formed by adsorbates at electrode surfaces, and their modification as a function of the electrode potential in a working fuel cell, is obtained. The data presented reveal that H remains near the surface well after it has been oxidized, and doesn't leave the surface until the hydrogen bonded water in the double layer region is disrupted enabling SO 4 ions to directly adsorb.
Contemporary Challenges in Requirements Discovery and Validation: Two Case Studies in Complex Environments

Requirements have remained a key source of difficulty since the dawn of computing. Complicating this fact, recent substantive changes in systems development and associated requirements processes – as reflected in reliance on packaged software components, off-shore development, and software-as-a-service – demand a reappraisal of requirements challenges. Yet, there are few empirical studies focusing on what current requirements challenges are, why they emerge and how they affect requirements engineering (RE) efforts. In the present study, we assess the cognitive, social, and complexity-based impediments to effective requirements discovery through two exploratory case studies of large, multi-party development projects. We develop a rich understanding of the requirements challenges facing these development efforts, how these challenges interact and affect the requirements engineering process and outcomes. The analyses reveal significant consistency in the primary challenges of large RE efforts and the profoundly systemic nature of requirements-related impediments. Several recommendations for research and practice of RE are developed.
Nucleation time: a key factor in the pathogenesis of cholesterol gallstone disease.

Abstract In earlier studies, we concluded that biliary cholesterol supersaturation may be a necessary but not sufficient cause for gallstone formation. In the present studies, we calculated cholesterol saturation indices (CSI) for 120 bile specimens of cholesterol gallstone patients and controls, using the solubility boundaries of Carey and Small (J Clin Invest 61:998–1026, 1978) for artificial biles. The mean CSI ± SD was 1.42 ± 0.68 for controls and 1.80 ± 1.02 for cholesterol gallstone patients. Of the control bile samples, 68% were supersaturated. Since the two groups could not be sharply distinguished by saturation index, we studied another property of bile samples: nucleation time for cholesterol crystal formation. The mean nucleation time for 16 control bile samples was 15 days, and a strong correlation (r = 0.84) was found between CSI and nucleation time. Twelve bile samples of cholesterol gallstone patients had a mean nucleation time of 3 days and no correlation between CSI and nucleation time. A discriminant analysis of the data, which took into account both the CSI and the nucleation time for each sample, allowed a sharp distinction between bile samples of cholesterol gallstone patients and controls. This distinction could not have been drawn from studies with artificial biles, since these differ only in their CSI.
Determinants of tissue delivery for 129Xe magnetic resonance in humans

Magnetic resonance imaging using laser-polarized 129 Xe is a new technique first demonstrated by Albert et al. (Nature 370, 1994) who obtained a 129 Xe image of an excised mouse lung. This paper describes the factors influencing the accumulation of inhaled, polarized 129 Xe in human tissue. The resulting model predicts the 129 Xe magnetization in different tissues as a function of the time from the start of inhalation, the tissue perfusion rate and partition coefficient for xenon, and the relevant T 1 decay times. The relaxation times of 129 Xe in biological tissues are not yet known precisely. Substitution of estimated values for these parameters results in an expected signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) from polarized 129 Xe MR in the brain of approximately 2% of the equivalent SNR from proton MR.
kdgREcc negatively regulates genes for pectinases, cellulase, protease, HarpinEcc, and a global RNA regulator in Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora.

Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora produces extracellular pectate lyase (Pel), polygalacturonase (Peh), cellulase (Cel), and protease (Prt). The concerted actions of these enzymes largely determine the virulence of this plant-pathogenic bacterium. E. carotovora subsp. carotovora also produces HarpinEcc, the elicitor of the hypersensitive reaction. We document here that KdgREcc (Kdg, 2-keto-3-deoxygluconate; KdgR, general repressor of genes involved in pectin and galacturonate catabolism), a homolog of the E. chrysanthemi repressor, KdgREch and the Escherichia coli repressor, KdgREco, negatively controls not only the pectinases, Pel and Peh, but also Cel, Prt, and HarpinEcc production in E. carotovora subsp. carotovora. The levels of pel-1, peh-1, celV, and hrpNEcc transcripts are markedly affected by KdgREcc. The KdgREcc- mutant is more virulent than the KdgREcc+ parent. Thus, our data for the first time establish a global regulatory role for KdgREcc in E. carotovora subsp. carotovora. Another novel observation is the negative effect of KdgREcc on the transcription of rsmB (previously aepH), which specifies an RNA regulator controlling exoenzyme and HarpinEcc production. The levels of rsmB RNA are higher in the KdgREcc- mutant than in the KdgREcc+ parent. Moreover, by DNase I protection assays we determined that purified KdgREcc protected three 25-bp regions within the transcriptional unit of rsmB. Alignment of the protected sequences revealed the 21-mer consensus sequence of the KdgREcc-binding site as 5'-G/AA/TA/TGAAA[N6]TTTCAG/TG/TA-3'. Two such KdgREcc-binding sites occur in rsmB DNA in a close proximity to each other within nucleotides +79 and +139 and the third KdgREcc-binding site within nucleotides +207 and +231. Analysis of lacZ transcriptional fusions shows that the KdgR-binding sites negatively affect the expression of rsmB. KdgREcc also binds the operator DNAs of pel-1 and peh-1 genes and represses expression of a pel1-lacZ and a peh1-lacZ transcriptional fusions. We conclude that KdgREcc affects extracellular enzyme production by two ways: (i) directly, by inhibiting the transcription of exoenzyme genes; and (ii) indirectly, by preventing the production of a global RNA regulator. Our findings support the idea that KdgREcc affects transcription by promoter occlusion, i.e., preventing the initiation of transcription, and by a roadblock mechanism, i.e., by affecting the elongation of transcription.
Abstract 478: FGF23 Expression in Cardiac Fibroblasts Is Augmented by S100/Calgranulins-Mediated Inflammation and Associated With Cardiac Hypertrophy, but Not in Angiotensin II-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy

Background: Serum S100A12 and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 23 are biomarkers for cardiovascular mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and are associated with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). FGF23 is induced in cultured cardiac fibroblasts in response to cytokines including IL-6, TNF-a, LPS and S100/calgranulins. Moreover, hBAC-S100 transgenic mice with CKD had increased FGF23 in valvular interstitial cells and exhibited LVH. The present study was designed to examine cardiac FGF23 expression in other murine models of LVH in the absence of CKD. Methods: Hearts from five groups of male mice were studied: (i) C57BL6/J with transgenic expression a bacterial artificial chromosome of the human S100/calgranulins (S1008/9 and S100A12, hBAC-S100), (ii) wild type littermates, (iii) LDLR-/- infused with saline (29 days, 0.9%), (iv) LDLR-/- infused with angiotensin (Ang) II (29 days, 1000 ng/kg/min), and (v) fibroblast specific depletion of angiotensin II type 1a receptor (AT1aR) (S100A4-Cre x AT1aR-/- x LDLR-/-) infused with AngII. Results: hBAC-S100, but not wild type littermate mice, developed significant LVH at 10 months by heart weight/body weight (5.9 ±1.1 mg/g vs. 4.2 ±0.8, p<0.04), decreased E/A ratio, and increased LVPW thickness, and associated with increased expression of FGF23 mRNA and protein in cardiac tissue lysates (2-4 fold increase). Similarly, Ang II induced significant LVH compared to saline infused LDLR-/- mice (6.1±1.3 vs. 3.6 ±0.9 mg/g, p<0.01), and associated with increased mRNA for hypertrophic genes (ANP, BNP, b-MHC, CTGF and Col1a1). However, there was no significant difference in FGF23 mRNA and protein between Ang II and saline infused mice. Cardiac hypertrophy was attenuated in AngII-infused mice with deficiency of AT1aR (S100A4-Cre+/-xAT1aRxLDLR-/-). In vitro, Ang II (100nM) did not induce FGF23 in valvular interstitial fibroblasts or myocytes. Summary: Transgenic expression of S100/calgranulins is sufficient to induce LVH in aged mice with normal renal function, and this is associated with FGF23 expression in cardiac interstitial fibroblasts. Future studies are needed to determine whether cardiac FGF23 promotes LVH in a paracrine manner. However, FGF23 does not play a role in Ang II-induced LVH.
Personnel Management: Politics, Administration, and a Passion for Anonymity

Personnel management is vitally important to the maintenance and preservation of the administrative state and its democratic institutions. This reaction critically examines the personnel recommendations made by Floyd W. Reeves and Paul T. David in their study Personnel Administration in the Federal Service. It questions the degree to which there is a coherent set of political and constitutional expectations marking the progress of personnel policy that might enable us to forecast the future, both theoretically and practically. The authors highlight how and why the field should pay greater attention to the political ends that our personnel theories serve.
Spike and Leaf Development of Sal‐Stressed Wheat

Drought or salt stress while the shoot apex is in vegetative stage can markedly affect spike development and decrease yields of cereal grains. This study was conducted to determine the effects of salinity on shoot apex differentiation, particularly spike and spikelet development, and the number of tillers per plant on two wheat species (Triticum aestivum L. «Probred» and T. turgidum L. «Aldura»). Plants were grown in greenhouse sand cultures that were irrigated four times daily with modified Hoagland's solution. Two saline treatments with osmotic potentials (ψs) of −0.45 and −0.65 MPa were imposed beginning 4 d after planting by adding NaCl and CaCl 2 (5:1 molar ratio) to the base nutrient solution and were compared to a nonsaline control treatment at −0.05 MPa. Salt stress accelerated development of the shoot apex on the mainstem and decreased the number of spikelet primordia in both species. Terminal spikelet stage occurred 12 and 18 d (≃280 and 420 thermal units) sooner in Aldura and Probred plants, respectively, stressed at −0.65 than at −0.05 MPa. Anthesis also occurred earlier, but tillering was delayed 3 to 4 d. Compared with −0.05 MPa, ψ s of −0.45 and −0.65 MPa decreased seed yield 38 and 54 % in Aldura and 7 and 43 % in Probred, respectively. These decreases resulted from fewer spikes per plant and fewer kernels per spike. Salt stress increased the phyllochron and reduced the final number of leaves initiated on the main stem. In sum, salt stress prior to and during spikelet development significantly decreased the yield potential of individual spikes of Aldura, but not of the more tolerant Probred. Salt stress decreased the yield potential of both species most by reducing the number of tiller spikes
A new species of ant-tended soft scale of the genus Cryptostigma Ferris (Hemiptera: Coccidae) associated with bamboo in Peru

Soft scale insects of the genus Cryptostigma Ferris (Coccidae: Myzolecaniinae) occur only in the Neotropical region and usually live in the nests of ants, or rarely bees, inside plant stems, or feed on plant roots. Here we provide the first report of Cryptostigma from Peru. We describe Cryptostigma guadua sp.n. based on the adult female and the first-instar nymph. These coccids have been collected only from the nests of Camponotus (Myrmostenus) longipilis Emery, C. (Myrmostenus) mirabilis Emery and Camponotus (Pseudocolobopsis) sp. (Formicidae: Formicinae) from inside live bamboos of Guadua sp. (Poaceae) in lowland tropical forest in Parque Nacional del Manu, in southeast Peru. The adult female and the first-instar nymph (crawler) of C. guadua sp. n. are compared to closely related species.
Environmental control in management of immunodeficient patients: Experience with “David”☆

Abstract Environmental control in managing patients with immunodeficiency ranges from the exceedingly complex to the relatively simple. At one end of the spectrum is the total isolation technology applied to David, the “Bubble Boy” who lived his entire life behind sterile plastic barriers. At the other end of the spectrum is the simpler technology applied to patients receiving bone marrow transplants who are maintained in ordinary private hospital rooms and attended by personnel who merely observe handwashing precautions. Most properly performed and controlled studies of the use of special isolation procedures to reduce infections derive from patients receiving bone marrow transplants for conditions of aplastic anemia and leukemia or patients receiving chemotherapy for malignancy. The design of isolation procedures for immunodeficient patients borrows from these studies because of the relatively small number of immunodeficient patients. These studies have shown that laminar airflow rooms produce a significantly lower incidence of infections but may not change the mortality of all patients. Also, protective isolation has clearly reduced the incidence and severity of graft-versus-host disease in transplanted patients with aplastic anemia. Recently there has been a trend away from strict isolation procedures because careful studies have indicated that host rather than acquired pathogens are responsible for at least 85% of infections in these special patients. Also, the human stress of prolonged isolation is becoming increasingly recognized. The complex and expensive isolation techniques that were used in David's case are no longer being utilized in immunodeficient subjects, partly because new transplantation technology has made it possible to cross histocompatibility barriers, obviating the need for permanent isolation.
Magnetic quadrupole transitions in optical radiation

Abstract The rates of two mechanisms for intercombination transitions in light atoms are compared for visible and near-ultraviolet light, following a suggestion of Mizushima. Even for small Z, spin-orbit electric dipole radiation dominates over magnetic quadropole radiation in determining the radiative lifetime, although in a sense these processes are of the same order. For example: taking Z = 2 and considering radiation of 6 eV energy, the rate for magnetic quadropole radiation is less than 0.004 that of spin-orbit electric dipole radiation; at larger Z or longer wavelength the fraction is smaller.
Synthesis of 5,6-Dimethylbenz[a]phenazine

5,6-Dimethylbenz[a]phenazine (4), an aza analogue of the carcinogenic 5,6-dimethylbenz-[c]acridine has been obtained by a 1,1-dehydration-rearrangement (Wagner-Meerwin type) from 5,5-dimethyl-6-hydroxy-5,6-dihydrobenz[a]phenazine (3). The alcohol 3 was obtained from the hydrogenation of the corresponding ketone 2 which was prepared in two ways: Method A, the oxidation of 5,5-dimethyl-5,6-dihydrobenz[a]phenazine (1); Method B, the hydrolysis of the 6,6-dibromo derivative 5 of 1.
Hardware-assisted security mechanism: The acceleration of cryptographic operations with low hardware cost

In the past 30 years, more and more information is stored in digitized format due to the rapid development of computer and communication technology. However, without good protection scheme, data will be hacked and cracked by the malicious intruders. A good security mechanism will keep information secrecy and integrity. However, cryptography algorithms are extremely expensive in terms of execution time because many arithmetic and logic operations are executed in the encryption/decryption process to make data not easily cracked. Huge amount of data also are transmitted between the CPU and memory. Using a traditional general-purpose processor would not be efficient for this scenario. Thus, the performance enhancement for the security system is crucial in modern world.
Figural aftereffects in the perception of faces

We examined figural aftereffects in images of human faces, for which changes in configuration are highly discriminable. Observers either matched or rated faces before or after viewing distorted images of faces. Prior adaptation strongly biases face perception by causing the original face to appear distorted in a direction opposite to the adapting distortion. Aftereffects transferred across different faces and were similar for upright or inverted faces, but were weaker when the adapting and test faces had different orientations (e.g., adapt inverted and test upright). Thus the aftereffects depend on which images are distorted, and not simply on the type of distortion introduced. We further show that the aftereffects are asymmetric, for adapting to the original face has little effect on the perception of a distorted face. This asymmetry suggests that adaptation may play an important normalizing role in face perception. Our results suggest that in normal viewing, figural aftereffects may strongly influence form perception and could provide a novel method for probing properties of human face perception.
Ionic liquid-nanoparticle hybrid electrolytes

This publication was based on work supported in part by Award No. KUS-C1-018-02, made by King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) and by the National Science Foundation, Award No. DMR-1006323. Facilities available through the Cornell Center for Materials Research(CCMR),National Science Foundation Award No. DMR-1120296, were also used for this study.
LONGITUDINAL TENSILE PROPERTIES OF H4LM GRAPHITE IN THE TEMPERATURE RANGE - 253 TO 500 C

Abstract Tensile strength data are presented for a molded H4LM graphite tested in the longitudinal orientation (“across the grain”) at a nominal engineering strain rate of 0·0005/min in liquid hydrogen at −253°C, in liquid nitrogen at −196°C, and in air at room temperature, 250 and 500°C. All ultimate strength values at all of these temperatures fall within the scattering of room-temperature strength measurements.
In vitro packaging of plasmid DNAs into ΦX174 bacteriophage capsid

Previously we have developed an in vitro system that synthesizes infectious single-stranded (ss) DNA bacteriophage ΦX174 from purified phage components1. This system provides an assay to examine the function of each viral component in the phage synthesizing reaction. In this report, we show that the specificity of the template DNA for the phage synthesizing reaction is determined by the specific region of ΦX174 genome. Plasmid DNAs carrying the origin of ss DNA synthesis of ΦX174 are active as templates in the in vitro system and produce particles containing ss plasmid DNA packaged into ΦX174 capsids. The orientation of the ΦX174 DNA fragment carrying the origin determines which strand of the plasmid is packaged. The particles synthesized in vitro are infectious to ΦX174-sensitive Escherichia coli and introduce ss plasmid DNA into the host cells. The ss DNA is converted to ds plasmid which is maintained in the cell.
Alcohol Dehydrogenase in Maize: Genetic Basis for Isozymes

There are two distinct electrophoretic forms of alcohol dehydrogenase (alcohol: NAD oxidoreductase, E.C. 1.1.1.1) in each of several inbred strains of maize examined. Electrophoretic variants of each form are under genetic control. Recombinants recovered from crosses involving the variant isozymes suggest that the two isozymes are under the control of two distinct but closely linked loci.
In vivo sulfation of cholesterol by ascorbic acid 2-sulfate.

Abstract Rats were injected via cardiac puncture with an equivalent radiolabeled amount of 35 SO 4 =(Group I), l -ascorbic acid (20 mg) plus 35 SO 4 =(Group II), and 35 S- l -ascorbic acid 2-sulfate (20 mg) (Group III) in order to investigate the relationship between these compounds and 35 S-cholesterol sulfate excretion. Urine and feces were analyzed periodically. Blood and adrenal glands were analyzed at the termination of the experiment (45–48 h). Total 35 S-activity, 35 S-cholesterol sulfate, 35 S-inorganic sulfate and 35 S-organic sulfate were quantified. The 35 S-cholesterol sulfate was found primarily in the feces in the following yield based upon the injected 35 S-dose: I, 0.15 %; II, 0.3%; III, 7.1 %. Both l -ascorbic acid and l -ascorbic acid 2-sulfate elevated the radiochemically labeled cholesterol sulfate excreted (2 × and 50 ×, respectively). These data prove the existence of a 35 S-sulfate transfer from 35 S-ascorbic acid 2-sulfate to cholesterol resulting in the formation of 35 S-cholesterol sulfate, whether direct or indirect, and may in part explain the reported, but controversial, hypocholesterolemic effects of l -ascorbic acid.
Quantitative analysis of methionine enkephalin and β-endorphin in the pituitary by liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry

This manuscript reviews the use of an off-line combination of liquid chromatography (LC) and mass spectrometry (MS) to quantify endogenous neuropeptides in biological tissues and fluids, and tandem MS (MS/MS) to optimize the molecular specificity of the quantification of native peptides. Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) was used to purify selected endogenous neuropeptides from biological tissues and fluids. Liquid secondary ion MS (LSI-MS), also known as fast atom bombardment (FAB), is used to desorb and to ionize the peptide. The corresponding stable isotope-incorporated synthetic peptide of each peptide is used as the internal standard (I.S.) for quantification. The measurement of methionine enkephalin (ME) and of beta-endorphin1-31 (BE) in the human pituitary is described. This analytical method offers the highest molecular specificity for the measurement of a fully post-translationally modified peptide.
Communications: Susceptibility of 12 Lineages of Chinook Salmon Embryo Cells (CHSE‐214) to Four Viruses from Salmonid Fish: Implications for Clinical Assay Sensitivity

Abstract Twelve lineages of the chinook salmon embryo cell line (CHSE-214) were tested for susceptibility to infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV), infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV), and Oncorhynchus masou virus (OMV). Significantly lower susceptibility was seen to IHNV in 1 of 12 lineages to VHSV in 7 of 12 lineages, to IPNV in 4 of 12, and to OMV in 0 of 12. These results indicated that test sensitivity (i.e., the probability of a true positive test result when infection is present) can be compromised by cell-lineage-related factors that potentially introduce greater numbers of false-negative results.
Studies on diels-alder reactions of 1,3,3-trimethyl-2-vinylcyclohexene with 2-cyclohexenones

Abstract The ZnBr2-catalyzed reaction of 1,3,3-trimethyl-2-vinylcyclohexene (4) with 2-carbomethoxy-4,4-dimethyl-2-cyclohexenone at high pressure (12 kbar) produces the expected Diels-Alder product. However, reactions of (4) with the more sterically demanding dienophile (5a) give products of apparent Michael reaction followed by proton transfer.
Identification of Bluetongue Virus-specific Immunoglobulin E in Cattle

Summary A modified passive cutaneous anaphylaxis test and an ELISA were used to identify IgE in calves vaccinated (sensitized) with chlorine dioxide-inactivated bluetongue virus (BTV) and in calves inoculated with infectious BTV. The levels of IgE were greatest in the vaccinated calves after challenge with infectious virus, which correlated with development of clinically apparent dermatitis and stomatitis. These findings suggest that some aspects of clinical bluetongue disease in cattle may have an immunopathological mechanism mediated by IgE (type I hypersensitivity).
Strain Relaxation and Material Quality Improvement of Compressively Strained GeSn Epitaxial Films through a Cyclic Rapid Thermal Annealing Process

GeSn films were annealed in cycles of 30 s at 450 and 500 C. The annealing temperature and number of cycles for material quality enhancement and relaxation depends upon Sn mole fraction and film thickness.
‘A highly commendable action’: William J. Donovan's intelligence mission for Mussolini and Roosevelt, December 1935‐February 1936

(1991). ‘A highly commendable action’: William J. Donovan's intelligence mission for Mussolini and Roosevelt, December 1935‐February 1936. Intelligence and National Security: Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 334-366.
Chaotic extensions of operators on Hilbert subspaces

If M is a closed subspace of a separable, infinite dimensional Hilbert space H with dim (H/M) = ∞, we show that every bounded linear operator A: M → M can be extended to a chaotic operator T: H → H that satisfies the hypercyclicity criterion in the strongest possible sense.
Nonlinear modeling of an infinite electrified jet

Abstract A nonlinear model has been developed to assess the time-dependent evolution of an infinite electrified jet. The model assumes inviscid, axisymmetric flow in the jet and utilizes boundary element methods to describe unsteady jet evolution. Droplet sizes are predicted for various charging conditions and disturbance wave-lengths. Results indicate that nonlinear contributions from the electrostatic force are very important and can differ substantially from those predicted by linear theory.
The color of health: skin color, ethnoracial classification, and discrimination in the health of Latin Americans.

Abstract Latin America is one of the most ethnoracially heterogeneous regions of the world. Despite this, health disparities research in Latin America tends to focus on gender, class and regional health differences while downplaying ethnoracial differences. Few scholars have conducted studies of ethnoracial identification and health disparities in Latin America. Research that examines multiple measures of ethnoracial identification is rarer still. Official data on race/ethnicity in Latin America are based on self-identification which can differ from interviewer-ascribed or phenotypic classification based on skin color. We use data from Brazil, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru to examine associations of interviewer-ascribed skin color, interviewer-ascribed race/ethnicity, and self-reported race/ethnicity with self-rated health among Latin American adults (ages 18–65). We also examine associations of observer-ascribed skin color with three additional correlates of health – skin color discrimination, class discrimination, and socio-economic status. We find a significant gradient in self-rated health by skin color. Those with darker skin colors report poorer health. Darker skin color influences self-rated health primarily by increasing exposure to class discrimination and low socio-economic status.
Mapping vision algorithms to parallel architectures

Some of the problems encountered in mapping a parallel algorithm are examined, emphasizing mappings of vision algorithms onto mesh, hypercube, mesh-of-trees, pyramid, and parallel random-access machines (PRAMs) having many simple processors, each with a small amount of memory. Approaches that have been suggested include simulating the ideal architectures, and using general data movement operations. Each of these is shown to occasionally produce unacceptably inefficient implementations. It appears that as long as PRAMs cannot achieve the desired cost and performance goals, programmers must contend with carefully designing algorithms for specific architectures. >
Field Testing Hydraulically Planted Receivers Fitted With Custom-made Spikes

Field-testing ways to improve geophone-to-ground coupling is essential to refining techniques that will allow a broader bandwidth of seismic frequencies to be recorded. With the development of a hydraulically operated geophone-planting device, quickly and efficiently planting large numbers of closely spaced geophones equipped with longer spikes is now feasible. This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of geophone spike length on the timeand frequency-domain seismic data recorded using geophones rigidly attached to channel iron.
Testing a methodology for assessing plant communities in temperate inland lakes

Abstract We outline and test an aquatic plant sampling methodology designed to track changes in and make comparisons among lake plant communities over time. The method employs a systematic grid-based point-intercept sampling design with sampling resolution adjusted based on littoral area and lake shape. We applied this method in 72 Wisconsin lakes ranging from 6.5–245 ha in size, recording species presence–absence and depth at approximately 20,000 unique sample points. To assess how reductions in sampling effort might affect data quality, we used Monte Carlo simulations (100 iterations at each of 9 levels of sampling intensity) to reduce total lake sample points by 10% through 90% using a stratified random selection approach. Species accumulation curves were fit using the Michaelis-Menten 2-parameter formula for a hyperbola, and the predicted asymptote was similar to observed species richness. In a subset of lakes, oversampling (200% effort) did not yield significant increases in species richness. However...
Multiresolutional watershed segmentation with user-guided grouping

Medical images such as radiographs or micrographs provide valuable information about patient diseases. In spite of recent advances in imaging technologies and molecular probes, diagnosis is still performed by experts using visual interpretation. Quantitation of such visual tasks would render more objective data. For clinical application of image analysis, accurate determination of object boundary is often required and such a task is not trivial due to the complexity of biological objects. This paper presents a multi-resolutional watershed-based segmentation algorithm for expert users to extract object boundary from medical images reproducibly and accurately. Its accuracy is tested in medical images compared to the marker-driven gradient modification scheme. A Sobel gradient image is convolved with Laplacian of Gaussian kernels of varying widths to obtain gradient images from coarse to fine resolutions. The width of the largest kernel can be tuned for an object of interest. Coarse-resolution catchment basins and their corresponding minima are identified and labeled using the fast watershed transform at the coarsest resolution. A web of coarse watershed lines defined at this stage do not show a high degree of oversegmentation but contains a blurred outline of the object. Coarse catchment basins and corresponding fine minima are used to construct a hierarchy to propagate the labels from coarse to fine resolution. Each coarse catchment basin provides a basis for linking a particular set of fine minima occurring proximally at the next finer resolution: linking among these minima occurs when the projection of fine minima across resolution is registered on the same catchment basin. Subsequent recombination of catchment basins to the parental catchment basin follows: catchment basins derived from these linked minima are identically labeled to their parental catchment basin and the construction of dams between these minima is prohibited. As this scheme is iterated to the finest resolution, coarse watershed lines are localized with increasing accuracy through the merging of fine watershed lines and no further oversegmentation occurs. With final watershed lines overlaid on the image, a contextual guide is given by expert users to group segmented regions into a sensible object. When this approach was applied to medical images, segmented regions nearly represented a sensible partition of individual objects or multi-object clusters. A key observation was that the coarse-to-fine recombination enabled coarse watershed lines to evolve toward visually acceptable object boundary with the help from expert users who can recognize the true object. Compared to the marker-driven approach, the proposed method produced no significant difference but highly correlated results in area and average intensity measurement of accurately segmented cell nuclei. The developed algorithm may be used for routine image analysis tasks including extracting biological features such as shape and intensity features from radiographs and micrographs.
Spin-Glass-Like Behavior in Very Dilute PdFe at Very Low Temperatures

Measurements of the electrical resistivity of palladium, residual resistivity ratio \ensuremath{\sim}22 500, containing 1.7 ppm of Fe have been made from 5.5 K to 1.8 mK. 15 Hz ac susceptibility measurements from 1 K to 1.8 mK together with the resistivity data suggest that a transition into a spin-glass state occurs near 7 mK.
Improvements to Negative-C Compensation Based Amplifiers for Broadband Applications

This paper presents different techniques to improve the bandwidth and power efficiency of negative-C compensated amplifiers for high speed applications. Criteria for stability and other design aspects are also discussed. Bandwidth enhancement and power efficiency of proposed approaches when compared to the classical negative-C compensation technique are also presented.
Effects of Lewis acids on higher order, mixed cuprate couplings

Abstract The presence of BF 3 ·Et 2 O in reactions of R 2 Cu(CN)Li 2 and R T (2-thienyl)Cu(CN)Li 2 with epoxides and α,β-unsaturated ketones leads to dramatic enhancements in reaction rates and/or product yields relative to those observed in the absence of this lewis Acid.
Phase boundary propagation in a heterogeneous body

This paper shows that microscopic obstacles can have a profound effect on the motion of a phase boundary and endow it with some crucial and characteristic experimentally observed features.
Report of Committee on the Chemistry Of Natural Waters, 1950–1951

In the list of members of the Committee given in the Directory [Trans., Oct, 1950], the name of O. M. Smith (1953) was not included because at the time of publication his acceptance had not been received. The members of the Committee have diversified interests in the field of water chemistry. Poland is Chairman of the Research Committee on Ground Water of the AGU and his participation or the Committee on the Chemistry of Natural Waters should lead to close integration of the activities of the two Committees. Other members are either presently engaged in research studies or have active interests in such fields as geochemistry, treatment of natural water, chemistry of surface and ground waters, corrosion of metals underground, and conservation and development of water resources with special emphasis on their chemical content.