cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On the Spectral Analysis of Love Waves

The focus of this study is an analytical and computational platform for shallow seismic profiling via the dispersion and attenuation analysis of Love surface waves. Although the Rayleigh waves are now commonly used as an engineering tool for nonintrusive identification of shallow subsurface stratigraphy, little attention has been paid so far to utilizing their horizontally polarized, Love-wave counterpart. The proposed methodology revolves around a causal viscoelastic model for the wave motion in a layered half-space caused by action of a surficial, torsionally vibrating disc. It is shown that the use of Love waves as a sounding tool reduces the number of material parameters relevant to viscoelastic site characterization by precluding the effect of Poisson’s ratio and of the compressional-wave quality factor of each subterranean layer. For practical purposes, solution to the inverse problem is reduced to the minimization of a spectral misfit between experimental observations and theoretical predictions of the horizontally polarized surface ground motion. To maintain the rigor and computational effectiveness of the inverse solution, sensitivities of the viscoelastodynamic model with respect to relevant layer parameters are determined analytically. The Love-wave testing methodology for which this article establishes a necessary theoretical framework may be used either in a stand-alone fashion or as a complement to the (well-established) spectral analysis of Rayleigh waves. The proposed technique may be especially useful for (1) shallow surveying applications in which material dissipation is important and (2) accurate characterization of saturated layers in which vertically polarized waves find limited use owing to their sensitivity to the pore fluid.
Differential specificity in the glomerular response profiles for alicyclic, bicyclic, and heterocyclic odorants.

As part of our ongoing effort to relate stimulus to response in the olfactory system, we tested the hypothesis that the unique chemical structures and odors of various cyclic odorants would be associated with unique spatial response patterns in the glomerular layer of the rat olfactory bulb. To this end, rats were exposed to sets of odorants including monocyclic hydrocarbons, bicyclic compounds, and various heterocyclic structures containing oxygen or nitrogen in the ring. Relative activity across the entire layer was assessed by mapping uptake of 2-deoxyglucose into anatomically standardized data matrices. Whereas monocyclic hydrocarbons evoked patterns similar to those evoked by open-chained hydrocarbon odorants, a set of bicyclic compounds with structures and odors similar to camphor evoked uptake in paired ventral domains not previously associated with any other odorant chemical structures. Despite their unique odors as judged by humans, heterocyclic odorants either evoked uptake in previously characterized areas corresponding to their functional groups or stimulated weak or patchy patterns involving isolated glomeruli. While the patchiness of the patterns may be partly related to the rigidity of the compounds, which would be expected to restrict their interactions to only a few receptors, the weakness of the patterns suggests the possibility of species-specific odorant representations. We conclude that whereas some of the novel cyclic structures indeed were represented by unique patterns in the rat bulb, other unique structures were poorly represented, even when they evoked intense and unique odors in humans.
Portable upper extremity robotics is as efficacious as upper extremity rehabilitative therapy: a randomized controlled pilot trial

Objective:To compare the efficacy of a repetitive task-specific practice regimen integrating a portable, electromyography-controlled brace called the ‘Myomo’ versus usual care repetitive task-specific practice in subjects with chronic, moderate upper extremity impairment.Subjects:Sixteen subjects (7 males; mean age 57.0 ± 11.02 years; mean time post stroke 75.0 ± 87.63 months; 5 left-sided strokes) exhibiting chronic, stable, moderate upper extremity impairment.Interventions:Subjects were administered repetitive task-specific practice in which they participated in valued, functional tasks using their paretic upper extremities. Both groups were supervised by a therapist and were administered therapy targeting their paretic upper extremities that was 30 minutes in duration, occurring 3 days/week for eight weeks. One group participated in repetitive task-specific practice entirely while wearing the portable robotic, while the other performed the same activity regimen manually.Main outcome measures:The upper ...
HIV-1 genital shedding is suppressed in the setting of high genital antiretroviral drug concentrations throughout the menstrual cycle

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) decreases mother-to-child and sexual transmission and is associated with suppression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–1 shedding in blood and genital secretions [1–3]. While genital and plasma HIV-1 shedding are strongly correlated [4, 5], some women on ART with undetectable plasma virus loads intermittently shed genital HIV-1 RNA [1, 6–10] and proviral DNA [11] at variable frequencies. Because evidence exists for compartmentalization of HIV-1 RNA production in the female genital tract [12, 13], the relationship between local drug concentrations and virus shedding is of particular interest. Despite reduced genital HIV-1 shedding with ART, the effect of genital compartmental antiretroviral concentrations and intermittent HIV-1 shedding is poorly understood, particularly in the presence of factors reported to increase genital HIV-1 shedding, such as bacterial vaginosis (BV), sexually transmitted infections [14–17], local inflammation [18, 19], and menstrual cycle phase [20–25]. Antiretroviral concentrations in female genital secretions are known to vary by drug [26, 27], and have potential impact on ART for prevention, preexposure prophylaxis, prevention of mother-to-child transmission, and prevention of local drug resistant virus. High degrees of variation in plasma antiretroviral concentrations over time have previously been reported [28] and may be altered in women [29], potentially due to physiologic changes over the menstrual cycle affecting properties such as protein binding and volume of distribution [30]. However, despite high between-person variability observed in genital aspirate concentrations [31], little is known about the magnitude and virologic consequences of such fluctuations in genital concentrations among women on long-term ART. As therapeutic ART is increasingly relied upon as a prevention tool, there is a need to understand if fluctuations in genital ART concentrations contribute to intermittent genital shedding. In order to better understand this relationship between genital concentration variability and HIV shedding, we measured genital antiretroviral concentrations and the frequency of genital HIV-1 RNA and DNA shedding throughout the menstrual cycle of women who received the same antiretroviral regimen and had undetectable plasma HIV-1 RNA levels.
Discrimination Against Latina/os A Meta-Analysis of Individual-Level Resources and Outcomes

This meta-analysis synthesizes the findings of 60 independent samples from 51 studies examining racial/ethnic discrimination against Latina/os in the United States. The purpose was to identify individual-level resources and outcomes that most strongly relate to discrimination. Discrimination against Latina/os significantly results in outcomes pertaining to health, mental health, education, and employment. Mental health indicators have the strongest correlations with discrimination. Among the individual resources resulting from this meta-analysis—personal constructs and strengths, social support, acculturation, enculturation, acculturative stress, and active coping skills—personal constructs and strengths (e.g., self-esteem and self-efficacy) have the strongest correlations with discrimination and outcomes. These findings are significantly moderated by sample age, ethnicity, and regionality. Implications of these findings are discussed.
Industrial Applications of High-Pressure Technology

The discoveries by scientists and the technical achievements of engineers in the past 25 years have led to the creation of an industry for the routine processing of materials at pressures greater than 50 kbars combined with temperatures exceeding 1500 K. An industry such as this is also built on the foundations of the earlier findings of Bridgman and other eminent researchers who gave us the cemented carbides, high strength steels, and refractory materials without which all this would not be possible. This processing results in products of key industrial importance such as diamond and cubic boron nitride (CBN), both in single-crystal and polycrystalline-compacted forms.
A topological criterion for group decompositions

Given a connected Lie group G and a closed connected subgroup H of G we prove a necessary and sufficient condition that G decomposes into the Cartesian product of H with G/H is that a similar decomposition holds for the maximal compact subgroups of G and H. Our criterion is applied to the three series of groups for which G/H is SO0(p, q)/SO0(p, q − 1), SU(q + 1, q + 1)/S[U(q + 1, q) × U(1)], and SU(q + 1, q + 1)/SL(n, ℂ) ⋊ H(n) (p, q ≥ 1), and we list the values of p and q for which G ≅ H × G/H in each of the three cases. We describe certain decompositions for some of the groups. We show the usefulness of our criterion in obtaining characterization of the space of differentiable vectors for a unitary induced group representation, and, finally, we show by example of SU(2, 2), how the asymptotic properties of certain function spaces for induced group representations are readily obtained using our results. Our results should be of interest to those working in de Sitter and conformal field theories.
Up by the Bootstraps: Tourism Development and Single Motherhood in Huatulco, Mexico

Keywords: commentary, tourism, development, neoliberalism, gender, single motherhood, Mexico, globalization, Latin America
Demonstration of the extrinsic coagulation pathway in teleostei: Identification of zebrafish coagulation factor VII

It is not known whether the mammalian mechanism of coagulation initiation is conserved in fish. Identification of factor VII is critical in providing evidence for such a mechanism. A cDNA was cloned from a zebrafish (teleost) library that predicted a protein with sequence similarity to human factor VII. Factor VII was shown to be present in zebrafish blood and liver by Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. Immunodepletion of factor VII from zebrafish plasma selectively inhibited thromboplastin-triggered thrombin generation. Heterologous expression of zebrafish factor VII demonstrated a secreted protein (50 kDa) that reconstituted thromboplastin-triggered thrombin generation in immunodepleted zebrafish plasma. These results suggest conservation of the extrinsic coagulation pathway between zebrafish and humans and add credence to the zebrafish as a model for mammalian hemostasis. The structure of zebrafish factor VIIa predicted by homology modeling was consistent with the overall three-dimensional structure of human factor VIIa. However, amino acid disparities were found in the epidermal growth factor-2/serine protease regions that are present in the human tissue factor–factor VIIa contact surface, suggesting a structural basis for the species specificity of this interaction. In addition, zebrafish factor VII demonstrates that the Gla-EGF-EGF-SP domain structure, which is common to coagulation factors VII, IX, X, and protein C, was present before the radiation of the teleosts from the tetrapods. Identification of zebrafish factor VII significantly narrows the evolutionary window for development of the vertebrate coagulation cascade and provides insight into the structural basis for species specificity in the tissue factor–factor VIIa interaction.
Pancreatic Resection in Veterans Affairs and Selected University Medical Centers: Results of the Patient Safety in Surgery Study

BACKGROUND: A congressional mandate, which led to the formation of the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program, is now being fulfilled with the publication of general and vascular surgical outcomes comparisons between Veterans Affairs (VA) and university medical centers. A series of National Surgical Quality Improvement Program articles evaluate the effect of hospital type (VA versus university hospitals) on procedure-specific outcomes. This article focuses on liver resections. STUDY DESIGN: This is a prospective cohort study of a sample of patients undergoing liver resections at 128 VA medical centers compared with 14 university medical centers from October 1, 2001, to September 30, 2004. Preoperative and intraoperative characteristics were evaluated to identify possible variables related to morbidity and mortality and possible confounders of the hospital effect. These variables were then used to identify the effect that the hospital setting might have on surgical outcomes after liver resections. RESULTS: Data from 237 liver resections at VA hospitals were compared with 783 procedures performed at university hospitals. The unadjusted 30-day morbidity rate tended to be higher in the VA (university 22.6% versus VA 27.9%; p = 0.10). After risk adjustment, results were equivalent (odds ratio = 0.94; p = 0.77). Unadjusted 30-day mortality rate was significantly higher in VA hospitals (6.8% versus 2.6%; p = 0.002). After risk adjustment, there was no longer a significant difference in mortality between the two hospital systems (odds ratio = 1.62; p = 0.33). CONCLUSIONS: For liver resections, the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program and Patient Safety in Surgery Study data suggest that there is no significant difference in risk-adjusted morbidity or mortality rates between VA and the university medical centers.
Does Recruitment Message Content Normalize the Superintendency as Male

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to use a recent feminist conceptual framework (Tallerico, 2000a) to frame an investigation of whether emphasizing the major roles of the job and district size in recruitment messages for a hypothetical superintendent’s position influenced participant job attraction ratings.Research Methods: This study used a 2 × 3 × 3 analysis of variance (ANOVA) design with each cell containing equal numbers of men and women. The independent variables were gender (male, female), selected major roles associated with the superintendency (instructional leadership, managerial leadership, political leadership), and district size (1,500 students, 3,000 students, and 12,000 students). The dependent variable consisted of an additive composite score of participant responses to three items representing a measure of job attraction.Sampling Procedure and Data Collection: Seventy-six percent of the randomly selected sample of 360 public school principals in Alabama (male = 180, female = 180) comp...
How dendritic cells and microbes interact to elicit or subvert protective immune responses

B and T lymphocytes recognize antigens with high specificity, but neither initiate immune responses, nor decide their types. These functions rest upon dendritic cells (DCs), which can determine and maintain Th1/Th2 polarization. Immune responses are thus dependent on the DC subset, the receptors that recognize each pathogen and the microenvironment. Microbes employ an array of mechanisms to evade and disrupt DC functions; some even hijack DCs for transport around the body. Our progress in the understanding of DC physiology will hopefully help us create the necessary vaccines to counteract the infectious agents that still plague mankind.
THE ENERGY SPECTRUM OF THE UNIVERSE

The energy and mass densities of the various observed and unobserved constituents of the universe are discussed. Consideration is given to the mass densities of the observed galaxies and possible unobserved galactic haloes, the cold diffuse intergalactic gas as estimated from quasar absorption lines and hot intergalactic gas detected as X-ray emission, and to the energy densities of the diffuse radiation fields at frequencies from the radio to the hard gamma ray, galactic cosmic rays and extragalactic relativistic electrons and nuclei, and as yet unobserved gravitational radiation and neutrinos. It is noted that most components of mass and energy in the universe probably arise from the discrete radiating objects (galaxies) and the microwave background radiation by the conversion of thermonuclear or gravitational energy or through interactions between the microwave photons and the components of discrete sources.
A CASE-CONTROL STUDY OF MILK-DRINKING AND OVARIAN CANCER RISK

It has been hypothesized that milk consumption increases the risk of ovarian cancer because of a possible association of lactose with human ovarian failure. Milk is also a source of animal fats in the diet, and animal fat intake is associated with ovarian cancer risk. To explore further the possible confounding of the milk-ovarian cancer association by the animal fat content of milk, the authors performed a case-control study of 303 ovarian cancer cases and 606 age-matched nonmalignant-disease controls seen between 1982 and 1988 at Roswell Park Memorial Institute in Buffalo, New York. Total frequency of usual milk intake was not associated with increased risk. Usually drinking more than one glass of whole milk daily relative to never drinking whole milk was associated with a relative risk of 3.1 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.8-5.5). Consumption of reduced-fat milk was associated with reduced relative risk. Among persons who reported drinking milk regularly, persons reporting drinking only whole milk were at increased risk (relative risk = 2.6, 95% CI 1.7-4.0) relative to persons who drank only skim milk or 2% milk. These findings suggest that milk-drinking is not a source of ovarian cancer risk independently of its fat content. Additional study of lactose and ovarian cancer risk involving careful control for confounding is needed.
Oncology patients' perceptions of quality nursing care

The purpose of this study was to analyze theoretically oncology patients' perceptions of the attributes and outcomes of quality nursing care. The grounded theory method as described by Strauss and Corbin (1998) was used. The purposive sample comprised 22 oncology patients being treated at an urban medical center; they were interviewed using a semistructured schedule. Eight attributes of quality nursing care emerged from the data. From the patient's perspective, excellent care was characterized by professional knowledge, continuity, attentiveness, coordination, partnership, individualization, rapport, and caring. In addition, two outcomes of quality care included increased fortitude and a sense of well-being with its constituents of trust, optimism, and authenticity. These findings can inform investigations of how oncology patients may experience “being well cared-for” by nurses. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Res Nurs Health 23:179–190, 2000
The Role of Tocopherol Content in the Comparative Stability of Chicken and Turkey Fat

Abstract INTRODUCTION IT IS well known that turkey fat is much less stable than chicken fat. This difference in stability assumes economic importance to the extent that it is reflected in the seriously shorter frozen storage life of turkeys, and in the relative unacceptability in foods of rendered turkey fat compared to chicken fat. Investigations on the fundamental causes for this difference in stability have been made at this laboratory in order to provide a basis for the development of methods to increase shelf life of frozen poultry, particularly turkeys. Of the two recognized chemical factors governing the resistance of natural fats to rancidification, i.e., content of fatty acids of varying degrees of unsaturation and content of natural antioxidants, fatty acids have received more attention than antioxidants in most of the previous studies on poultry fat. Studies by Hilditch et al. (1934), Cruickshank (1934), Kummerow et al. (1950), Chu and Kummerow …
Adrenal Insufficiency after Chronic Swallowed Glucocorticoid Therapy for Eosinophilic Esophagitis.

Objective To establish the prevalence of adrenal insufficiency (AI) in children with eosinophilic esophagitis treated with swallowed fluticasone propionate (FP) or budesonide. Study design Children treated with FP or budesonide for ≥6 months underwent a low-dose adrenocorticotropin stimulation test. Patients using systemic, inhaled, intranasal, or topical glucocorticoids were excluded. The primary outcome is AI, defined as peak serum cortisol Results Of 58 patients (81% male), 67% were on FP (median age 13.7 years [range 4.3-19.1], dose 1320 μg/d [440-1760], treatment duration 4.0 years [0.6-13.5]). Thirty-three percent were on budesonide (median age 10.7 years [range 3.2-17.2], dose 1000 μg/d [500-2000], treatment duration 3.4 years [0.6-7.7]). The overall prevalence of abnormal peak cortisol response (≤20 μg/dL) was 15% (95% CI 6%-25%) (indeterminate [18-20 μg/dL] 5% [n = 3] vs AI [ P = .02), all of whom were taking FP at a dose >440 μg/d. Conclusions AI was present in 10% of children treated with swallowed glucocorticoids for ≥6 months and was found only in those treated with FP >440 μg/d. We recommend low-dose adrenocorticotropin stimulation testing in children treated long term with high dose FP to allow early detection of AI.
Acute Pancreatitis in Pediatric Patients: Demographics, Etiology, and Diagnostic Imaging.

OBJECTIVE. The objective of this article is to provide updates on acute pancreatitis in children regarding the imaging findings, causes, and complications based on a review of the current studies in the pediatrics literature. We discuss the epidemiology of acute pancreatitis, the role of imaging and imaging findings in the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis, and the causes and complications of acute pancreatitis. CONCLUSION. The incidence of acute pancreatitis is increasing in children. Imaging plays an important role in the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis because imaging findings can be used to establish the cause of acute pancreatitis, evaluate for complications of acute pancreatitis, and possibly predict the course of the disease.
Predicting Essential Metabolic Genome Content of Niche-Specific Enterobacterial Human Pathogens during Simulation of Host Environments.

Microorganisms have evolved to occupy certain environmental niches, and the metabolic genes essential for growth in these locations are retained in the genomes. Many microorganisms inhabit niches located in the human body, sometimes causing disease, and may retain genes essential for growth in locations such as the bloodstream and urinary tract, or growth during intracellular invasion of the hosts’ macrophage cells. Strains of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Salmonella spp. are thought to have evolved over 100 million years from a common ancestor, and now cause disease in specific niches within humans. Here we have used a genome scale metabolic model representing the pangenome of E. coli which contains all metabolic reactions encoded by genes from 16 E. coli genomes, and have simulated environmental conditions found in the human bloodstream, urinary tract, and macrophage to determine essential metabolic genes needed for growth in each location. We compared the predicted essential genes for three E. coli strains and one Salmonella strain that cause disease in each host environment, and determined that essential gene retention could be accurately predicted using this approach. This project demonstrated that simulating human body environments such as the bloodstream can successfully lead to accurate computational predictions of essential/important genes.
A quantitative estimation of sodium deoxycholate remaining in reassociated, hybrid endotoxins.

SummaryEndotoxins which had been dissociated by sodium deoxycholate (NaD) and reassociated into hybrids still contained 1.5 to 7% surfactant. Control mixtures which were treated separately with NaD and did not form hybrids contained 2.2 to 8.5% NaD after two extractions with ethanol. When the amount of NaD remaining in the sample was calculated as percentage of that originally added, the ethanol extractions removed all but 0.2 to 0.5%.
A usability evaluation of workplace-related tasks on a multi-touch tablet computer by adults with Down syndrome

This research study focuses on evaluating the usability of multi-touch tablet devices by adults with Down syndrome for workplace-related tasks. The usability evaluation involved 10 adults with Down syndrome, and the results of the study illustrate that (a) adults with Down syndrome are able to use multi-touch devices effectively for workplace-related tasks, (b) formal computer training seems to impact participant performance, and (c) password usability continues to be a challenge for individuals with Down syndrome. Implications for designers, for policymakers, for researchers, and for users are discussed, along with suggestions for effective implementation of usability testing when involving adults with Down syndrome. Information technology can be a potential workplace skill for adults with Down syndrome, and more of the user experience community needs to get involved in understanding how people with Down syndrome utilize technology.
Exploring the Relationship of Shared Race/Ethnicity With Court Actors, Perceptions of Court Procedural Justice, and Obligation to Obey Among Male Offenders:

Using survey data from a sample of White, Black, and Hispanic male offenders (n = 311), this study examines whether the relationship between procedural justice and obligation to obey the law is sub...
Immune reactivity in primary carcinoma of the lung and its relation to prognosis.

Detailed studies of immune reactivity were performed in 154 patients with primary lung cancer, 20 patients with benign thoracic lesions, and 109 healthy persons. Reactions to the 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) skin test were positive in 73 per cent of patients with lung cancer and all (100 per cent) of the patients with benign disease (p
Comparison of leuprolide acetate and human chorionic gonadotropin for the induction of ovulation in clomiphene citrate-stimulated cycles

Objective To examine the relative efficacies of leuprolide acetate (LA) and hCG in inducing ovulation and a normal luteal phase during clomiphene citrate (CC)-stimulated superovulation cycles. Design Prospective, randomized, blinded, and cross-controlled in consecutive cycles. Setting Large military tertiary care center. Patients Twenty-one ovulatory patients undergoing superovulation with CC and IUIs for the treatment of unexplained or male factor infertility. Interventions Clomiphene citrate (100 mg/d) on cycle days 5 through 9 in both of the study cycles. Administration of 2mg SC LA in one cycle and 10,000 IU IM hCG in another cycle for induction of the midcycle surge. Main Outcome Measures Serum LH, FSH, E 2 , and P levels every 12 hours for 36 hours after administration of either LA or hCG to characterize the midcycle hormonal dynamics. Luteal phase duration and serum P levels during the midluteal phase were used to estimate the adequacy of the luteal phase. Serial ultrasounds also were done to determine the incidence of luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome. Results Serum FSH levels in the periovulatory interval were significantly higher after the administration of LA. There were no differences in the periovulatory E 2 or P levels or the incidence of sonographic evidence of ovulation after administration of either LA or hCG. Although midluteal serum P levels were higher in the cycles in which hCG was administered, all 42 treatment cycles had adequate luteal phases as assessed by luteal phase duration and three midluteal P levels. Ongoing pregnancies occurred after both LA- and hCG-stimulated cycles. Conclusion Leuprolide acetate and hCG were equivalent in their abilities to induce ovulation. Further evaluation of the adequacy of the luteal phase and the ensuing pregnancy rates after LA induction of an endogenous gonadotropin surge are indicated.
Dependence of neoclassical toroidal viscosity on the poloidal spectrum of applied nonaxisymmetric fields

This paper presents a single mode model that accurately predicts the coupling of applied nonaxisymmetric fields to the plasma response that induces neoclassical toroidal viscosity (NTV) torque in DIII-D H-mode plasmas. The torque is measured and modeled to have a sinusoidal dependence on the relative phase of multiple nonaxisymmetric field sources, including a minimum in which large amounts of nonaxisymmetric drive is decoupled from the NTV torque. This corresponds to the coupling and decoupling of the applied field to a NTV-driving mode spectrum. Modeling using the perturbed equilibrium nonambipolar transport (PENT) code confirms an effective single mode coupling between the applied field and the resultant torque, despite its inherent nonlinearity. Lastly, the coupling to the NTV mode is shown to have a similar dependence on the relative phasing as that of the IPEC dominant mode, providing a physical basis for the efficacy of this linear metric in predicting error field correction optima in NTV dominated regimes.
The Third United States Computer Chess Championship (Boston, 1972)

This chapter focuses on the third United States computer chess championship held in Boston, in 1972. For the third consecutive year, the program of Larry Atkin, Keith Gorlen, and David Slate captured the United States Computer Chess Championship. Again the ACM hosted the three-round Swiss-system tournament, at the Sheraton-Boston Hotel on August 13–15, 1972. Of the eight programs that participated, four were the work of authors who had competed in previous tournaments. There was the updated version of 1971's winning program, now called CHESS 3.6. There was also an improved version of TECH, the runner-up in 1971. Gillogly had refined TECH's tree-searching heuristics to the point where the program was able to search between 1 and 2 plies deeper than in 1971. At the time of the tournament, the program searched for about 45 different patterns. The program is structured so that additional patterns can be easily added by a chess player unfamiliar with the details of the program.
Estate Planning Ramifications of Obergefell v. Hodges

One year ago, the Supreme Court of the United States handed down its landmark ruling in Obergefell v. Hodges holding that “same-sex couples may exercise the fundamental right to marry.” Since then, an estimated 123,000 same-sex marriages have occurred bringing the total number of same-sex marriages in the United States to almost one-half million. The number of Texas same-sex marriages will be difficult to track because the government does not plan on keeping a separate count of same-sex marriage licenses. Nonetheless, with over three percent of Texans identifying themselves as gay or lesbian, it is of vital importance for estate planners to understand the current and potential future impact of same-sex marriage on estate planning in Texas.This article provides a summary of the Obergefell decision and discusses potential ramifications including retroactivity with respect to common-law marriages and whether a child born during a same-sex marriage will be deemed the child of both spouses.
Reproductive History of Women With Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy.

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TC) occurs predominantly in postmenopausal women, suggesting a possible role of reproductive and hormonal factors in the pathophysiology of this condition. Yet reproductive characteristics of women with TC have received limited attention. This prospective case-control study sought to explore reproductive characteristics associated with TC. Incident TC cases and myocardial infarction (MI) controls were recruited among consecutive women presenting at the emergency departments of 2 large medical centers in Massachusetts and Connecticut. Female healthy controls were recruited from a registry of research volunteers. Information about reproductive history was collected 1 month after discharge using standardized questionnaires completed during phone interviews. Linear and logistic regression models were used to estimate associations with reproductive factors. From March 2013 to October 2015, 209 women were screened for eligibility and 107 (45 TC, 32 MI, and 30 healthy controls) were enrolled. Conditions uniquely associated with TC were a history of irregular menses (adjusted OR, TC vs MI 8.30; 95% CI 1.01 to 69.18), number of pregnancies (adjusted β coefficient 0.69; SE 0.35, p = 0.05), and use of post-menopausal hormone replacement therapy (OR 5.79; CI 1.20 to 28.02). We did not find associations with history of infertility, breastfeeding, hysterectomy or oophorectomy, oral contraceptive use, and age at menopause. In conclusion, our findings suggest that premenopausal reproductive factors may play an important role in the onset of TC at a later age. These results need to be confirmed in future studies with larger populations.
Preparation and Analysis of Peanut Flour Used in Oral Immunotherapy Clinical Trials

Background Oral immunotherapy (OIT) is an investigational therapeutic approach for the treatment of food allergies. Characterization of the drug product used in oral immunotherapy trials for peanut allergy has not been reported. Objective To quantify relative amounts of the major peanut allergens and microbial load present in peanut flour used in OIT trials and assess whether these parameters change over a 12-month period. We also anticipate that this report will serve as a guide for investigators seeking to conduct OIT trials under Food and Drug Administration–approved Investigational New Drug applications. Methods Densitometric scanning of Ara h 1 and Ara h 2 resolved on SDS-PAGE gels was used to assess allergen content in peanut flour extracts. Microbial testing was conducted on peanut flour under US Pharmacopeia guidelines for the presence of Escherichia coli , salmonella, yeast, mold, and total aerobic bacteria. In addition, aflatoxin was quantified in peanut flour. Reported results were obtained from 4 unique lots of peanut flour. Results Relative amounts of the major peanut allergens were similar between different lots of peanut flour and remained stable over a 12-month period. E coli and salmonella were absent from all lots of flour. Yeast, mold, total aerobic bacteria, and aflatoxin were within established US Pharmacopeia guidelines on all lots tested and remained within the criteria over a 12-month period. Conclusions Peanut flour used as a drug product contains the major peanut allergens and has low levels of potentially harmful microbes. Both these parameters remain stable over a 12-month period.
Change of organobentonite interlayer microstructure induced by sorption of aromatic and petroleum hydrocarbons—A combined study of laboratory characterization and molecular dynamics simulations

Abstract In this study, the impact of secondary sorption of hydrocarbons on the interlayer morphology of organic surfactant modified montmorillonites was studied. Montmorillonites intercalated with two quaternary ammonium surfactants, hexadecyltrimethylammonium (HDTMA + ) and bis (hydrogenated tallow alkyl) dimethyl ammonium were chosen as the soil sorbents to uptake naphthalene and gasoline. Laboratory characterization using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were carried out, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed. The successive interlayer expansion of montmorillonites due to the intercalation of surfactants and hydrocarbons were measured by XRD and TEM. FT-IR was employed to verify the intercalation of organic surfactants and sorbates. Additionally, the MD modeling was conducted to demonstrate the interlayer microstructure of organoclays and to quantify interactions between minerals, surfactants, and sorbates. The experimental and simulation results validated the transitions of montmorillonite interlayer expansion due to the successive intercalation of organic surfactants and sorbates, yielding insights into the understanding of the microstructures of sorbate/surfactant/clay hybrids and their physical-chemical and mechanical behaviors.
Drivers of change: Examining the effects of gender equality on child nutrition

Abstract India has the world's highest burden of child undernutrition. Lack of income is considered as one of its primary causes. However, evidence suggests that despite steady economic growth and investments in social services directed towards child welfare, undernutrition rates continue to rise. Thus indicating, that there are other societal factors impacting child undernutrition. Previous studies indicate that countries with higher gender inequality have worse health outcomes for women and children. India, particularly in the northern states, has deep-rooted gender biases, leading to disproportionately worse outcomes for women and children. This study uses cross sectional data from the India National Family Health Survey Round-3 (NFHS-3) to examine the immediate and underlying effect of gender inequality on child nutritional status. The sample includes urban married women between 15 and 49 years (N = 9092) who have at least one living child between 0 and 5 years. Findings highlight the significant effect of autonomy and health related awareness on child nutritional status, when the relationship is mediated by maternal health. Implications for policy and practice are provided.
DD84: Green Programming! (Februar 2009)

Der Strom, den die Computer verbrauchen, kostet bald oder jetzt schon mehr, als sie beim Kauf kosten. Uber den Kaufpreis jammern alle, aber die Energie fur den Rechner fliest nur so unbemerkt davon. Die Green-IT-Bewegung hat uns in den letzten ein, zwei Jahren wachgeruttelt. Ich habe in der vorigen Woche mit einem der ersten Sturmglockenlauter diskutiert, dem WiWo-Redakteur Thomas Kuhn. Und da fiel mir ein, dass wir die Energie vielleicht noch ganz woanders verschwenden: beim schlechten Schreiben von Programmen.
Increased pheromone signaling by small male sea lamprey has distinct effects on female mate search and courtship

Male body size affects access to mates in many animals. Attributes of sexual signals often correlate with body size due to physiological constraints on signal production. Larger males generally produce larger signals, but costs of being large or compensation by small males can result in smaller males producing signals of equal or greater magnitude. Female choice following multiple male traits with different relationships to size might further complicate the effect of male body size on access to mates. We report the relationship between male body size and pheromone signaling, and the effects on female mate search and courtship in the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus). We predicted that pheromone production in the liver and the liver mass to body mass ratio would remain constant across sizes, resulting in similar mass-adjusted pheromone release rates across sizes but a positive relationship between absolute pheromone release and body mass. Our results confirmed positive relationships between body mass and liver mass, and liver mass and the magnitude of the pheromone signal. Surprisingly, decreasing body mass was correlated with higher pheromone concentrations in the liver, liver mass to body mass ratios, and mass-adjusted pheromone release rates. In a natural stream, females more often entered nests treated with small versus large male odors. However, close-proximity courtship behaviors were similar in nests treated with small or large male odors. We conclude that small males exhibit increased release of the main pheromone component, but female discrimination of male pheromones follows several axes of variation with different relationships to size. Large males often produce signals that are more attractive to females. We determined the relationship between male body size and pheromone signaling in the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus). We predicted that larger males, who have a larger pheromone-producing organ, would have a larger pheromone signal and that females, who prefer larger pheromone signals, would prefer the odor of large males. Surprisingly, we found that mass-adjusted pheromone release rates increase with decreasing male body mass due to higher rates of pheromone synthesis and a slightly larger liver proportional to total body mass. In a natural stream, small male odors attracted more females but elicited similar courtship behaviors compared to large male odors.
The Data Interaction Game

As many users do not precisely know the structure and/or the content of databases, their queries do not exactly reflect their information needs. The database management systems (DBMS) may interact with users and leverage their feedback on the returned results to learn the information needs behind users' queries. Current query interfaces assume that users follow a fixed strategy of expressing their information needs, that is, the likelihood by which a user submits a query to express an information need remains unchanged during her interaction with the DBMS. Using a real-world interaction workload, we show that users learn and modify how to express their information needs during their interactions with the DBMS. We also show that users' learning is accurately modeled by a well-known reinforcement learning mechanism. As current data interaction systems assume that users do not modify their strategies, they cannot discover the information needs behind users' queries effectively. We model the interaction between users and DBMS as a game with identical interest between two rational agents whose goal is to establish a common language for representing information needs in form of queries. We propose a reinforcement learning method that learns and answers the information needs behind queries and adapts to the changes in users' strategies and prove that it improves the effectiveness of answering queries stochastically speaking. We analyze the challenges of efficient implementation of this method over large-scale relational databases and propose two efficient adaptations of this algorithm over large-scale relational databases. Our extensive empirical studies over real-world query workloads and large-scale relational databases indicate that our algorithms are efficient. Our empirical results also show that our proposed learning mechanism is more effective than the state-of-the-art query answering method.
Wealth: Determinants of Savings Net Worth and Housing Net Worth of Pre-Retired Households

The objectives of this study are to determine effects of household members' characteristics, financial resources, and attitude toward intergenerational support on change in savings net worth and change in housing net worth. Subsamples of White respondents, Black respondents, and Hispanic respondents were analyzed to identify the effects of race or ethnicity on the dependent variables. Attitude toward intergenerational support was the intervening variable. Change in labor income had a positive impact on change in savings net worth for all three racial or ethnic groups. An additional child in a household and an older age of the household head were likely to decrease the change in savings net worth. Effects of the remaining variables differed by subsample. The effects of labor and nonlabor income were different for the change in savings net worth but not for the change in housing net worth. Some different effects for variables across the three racial or ethnic groups were noted.
Gamma Ray Energy vs. Particle Energy Measurements

This work is concerned with the consistency of energy scales used in nuclear reaction energy measurements. It is part of our contiuing program on the comparison of energy standards. In earlier work we compared the energy of the alpha particles from 210Po with the threshold energy of the 7Li(p,n)7Be threshold and with other energies. You may recall that an apparent discrepancy of mass values obtained from mass spectroscopy measurements with those from Q-value measurements was resolved by bringing the Po-α energy into agreement with the Li(p,n) threshold. This was accomplished both through our direct comparison and through improved measurements made in other laboratories on the absolute values of these two energies. Figure 1, taken from my report [1] at the Second International Mass Conference reviews the situation. The lower portion of the figure shows values from measurements of the Po-α energy, the upper portion shows comparisons with the energy of α-particles from RaC’, and the central portion shows comparisons with the 7Li(p,n)7Be threshold. The absolute value of the energy of the α-particles from 210Po is known to 0.01% and this is consistent with the 7Li(p,n) threshold to the same accuracy.
The effect of chronic estrogenic stimulation on the Squirrel Monkey cervical epithelium.

Following extended stimulation with subcutaneous pellets of diethylstilbestrol, small foci of squamous cells appeared among the cervical columnar cells close to the squamo-columnar junction. Treatment with lesser doses of estradiol benzoate did not elicit this response. Serial reconstructions showed that most of the foci of squamous cells anastomosed to form a reticulum which was continuous with the main mass of cervical squamous epithelium. It was concluded that the new squamous cells arose by outgrowth from the stratified squamous epithelium at the squamocolumnar junction, rather than by squamous metaplasia of columnar cells. Histochemical findings supported this conclusion.
Image Classification by Image Matching

Image classification is usually performed by making measurements on the image itself. For example, texture measurements are made to classify an image as “natural” or “urban.” This chapter describes an experiment that we carried out to determine whether an image could be classified by matching the image against databases of images, where each database belongs to a different class. Because we wanted a classification problem that could not be solved in a reasonable time by making measurements on the image, we selected the classes of interest as “benign images” and “objectionable images.” This classification problem is an extremely difficult one because although people can usually make the classification, it is almost impossible to formally define “benign” and “objectionable.”
Studies of Red Cell Glycolysis and Interactions with Carbon Monoxide, Smoking, and Altitude

The exciting story of the functional association between phosphorylated intermediates of the red cell and hemoglobin may be viewed as beginning in 1963 when Chanutin’s laboratory first published data showing that a number of phosphate compounds reacted with hemoglobin to form a complex which had an altered electrophoretic mobility (Sugita and Chanutin, 1963; Chanutin and Curnish, 1964 and 1965). This was followed in 1967 by Chanutin and Curnish’s report that certain of these bound phosphorylated intermediates of the red cell, including 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (DPG) and ATP, affect the oxygen dissociation properties of hemoglobin. In the same year, Benesch and Benesch (1967) reported similar effects. Subsequent observations from a number of laboratories have highlighted the importance of these findings. These developments have given great impetus to the whole area of red cell metabolism and function, and to the study of the interrelationships of the red cell with the rest of the organs of gas transport. In 1968, we (Eaton and Brewer, 1968) reported that a correlation exists between levels of red cell DPG and whole blood hemoglobin levels, suggesting that, contrary to the statements of Benesch et al. (1968), variation of DPG in the physiological range was of significance in oxygen transport. These findings have been confirmed and extended in a number of papers reported at this conference.