cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Signal-regulatory protein alpha is an anti-viral entry factor targeting viruses using endocytic pathways.

Signal-regulatory protein alpha (SIRPA) is a well-known inhibitor of phagocytosis when it complexes with CD47 expressed on target cells. Here we show that SIRPA decreased in vitro infection by a number of pathogenic viruses, including New World and Old World arenaviruses, Zika virus, vesicular stomatitis virus and pseudoviruses bearing the Machupo virus, Ebola virus and SARS-CoV-2 glycoproteins, but not HSV-1, MLV or mNoV. Moreover, mice with targeted mutation of the Sirpa gene that renders it non-functional were more susceptible to infection with the New World arenaviruses Junin virus vaccine strain Candid 1 and Tacaribe virus, but not MLV or mNoV. All SIRPA-inhibited viruses have in common the requirement for trafficking to a low pH endosomal compartment. This was clearly demonstrated with SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus, which was only inhibited by SIRPA in cells in which it required trafficking to the endosome. Similar to its role in phagocytosis inhibition, SIRPA decreased virus internalization but not binding to cell surface receptors. We also found that increasing SIRPA levels via treatment with IL-4 led to even greater anti-viral activity. These data suggest that enhancing SIRPA's activity could be a target for anti-viral therapies.
A Longitudinal Examination of Work–Family Balance among Working Mothers in the United States: Testing Bioecological Theory

The current study used a bioecological framework to examine three moderated-mediation models testing the mediating effects of positive work-to-family spillover and positive family-to-work spillover in the relationship between a nonstandard work schedule and work–family balance as well as between relationship quality and work-to-family balance. The moderating effects of education, family–friendly workplace policies, and race in the aforementioned models also were tested. Path analyses were used with longitudinal data from four-time periods to test the models. Results showed family-to-work spillover mediated the relationship between relationship quality and work–family balance in two models, whereas the availability of family–friendly policies significantly moderated these relationships. Relationship quality was one of the most consistently significant variables across all models, suggesting its role in helping establish work-family balance is particularly influential regardless of context. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.
Picture perfect? Examining associations between relationship quality, attention to alternatives, and couples’ activities on Instagram:

What do couples’ activities and behaviors on Instagram reveal about the quality of their relationships? To answer this question, we surveyed couples (N = 178) about their perceptions of their relat...
Enhanced Dentinogenesis of Pulp Progenitors by Early Exposure to FGF2

Members of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family play essential and important roles in primary and reparative dentinogenesis. Although there appears to be a general agreement on the effects of FGF signaling on the proliferation of pulp cells, there are conflicting results regarding its effects on odontoblast differentiation. We recently examined the effects of continuous exposure of dental pulp cells to FGF2 and showed that the effects of FGF2 on differentiation of progenitor cells into odontoblasts were stage specific and dependent on the stage of cell maturity. The purpose of this study was to gain further insight into cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating the stimulatory effects of FGF2 on odontoblast differentiation. To do so, we examined the effects of early and limited exposure of pulp cells from a series of green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter transgenic mice that display stage-specific activation of transgenes during odontoblast differentiation to FGF2. Our results showed that early and limited exposure of pulp cells to FGF2 did not have significant effects on the extent of mineralization but induced significant increases in the expression of Dmp1 and Dspp and the number of DMP1-GFP(+) and DSPP-Cerulean(+) odontoblasts. Our results also showed that the stimulatory effects of FGF2 on odontoblast differentiation were mediated through FGFR/MEK/Erk1/2 signaling, increases in Bmp2, and activation of the BMP/BMPR signaling pathway. These observations show that early and limited exposure of pulp cells to FGF2 alone promotes odontoblast differentiation and provides critical insight for applications of FGF2 in dentin regeneration.
In Defense of the Modal Account of the Progressive

When we talk about creation, we use the progressive and verbs of creation as in ‘Mary is building a house’. The modal account of the progressive says that a sentence such as ‘Mary is building a house’ is true just in case Mary eventually builds a house in all worlds in which her house-building proceeds normally. Recently, the modal account has come under fire from those who claim that it over-generates modal entailments and those who think the progressive should be treated as a predicate of events. By properly situating the modal account within a contemporary semantic framework for natural language modals, I argue that it gives the best semantic treatment of the progressive.
Justice Scalia’s Constitution-and Ours

Our topic today is the impact of Justice Scalia on the Supreme Court. There are many different perspectives from which one might address this issue. I intend to focus on Scalia's methodology, and to say a little bit about how that methodology gets applied in particular cases. This will lead into a slightly larger point about constitutional adjudication more generally, and Scalia's place in that enterprise. And it will lead to a point about the current perception of constitutional adjudication, which is perhaps most important, and Scalia's impact on that. Justice Scalia's interpretive methodology can largely be captured by three themes: textualism, originalism, and democracy. Textualism suggests in statutory cases that we should focus on the words that are actually law, rather than legislative history such as committee reports, and in constitutional cases that we should heed the words of the Constitution rather than considerations not found in the document itself. Originalism suggests that in seeking to understand the words of the Constitution we should ask how they were understood at the time they were written, not what modem readers might think. And his commitment to democracy means that he believes most substantive value choices-those not addressed directly by the text of the Constitution-are to be left up to the political process. The role of the Court, Scalia said in his dissenting opinion in Lawrence v. Texas, is not to take sides in the culture wars but to assure, as a "neutral observer, that the democratic rules of engagement are observed." Of these three themes, the commitment to democracy is perhaps the most important. Both textualism and originalism can be seen as means to support democracy, because they constrain judges and thereby prevent them from imposing their own values on the people. Judges simply ensure that the choices the people make are made through a functional democratic process.
Biogeomorphology and biological soil crusts: a symbiotic research relationship

Consisting of various cyanobacteria, algae, lichens, and mosses, biological soil crusts (BSC) represent microbial ecosystems essential for many arid and semi-arid regions. Their structure and function have been researched intensely with little attention to spatial characteristics. Because it studies biota-landform interactions, biogeomorphology as a discipline stands poised to significantly narrow this apparent BSC research gap. While specific in scope, this article nonetheless outlines several key points and possible research agendas centered on the discipline of biogeomorphology that could enhance BSC research agendas. It first introduces readers to basic BSC concepts and how they have been traditionally studied with an ecological focus, noting how the discipline of biogeomorphology might influence this traditional research agenda. Then, after offering an analysis of BSC research related to remote sensing, the article then turns to how biogeomorphology stands at the forefront to conduct important BSC research through incorporation of weathering science.
SNAIL CONTROL IN TREMATODE DISEASES: THE POSSIBLE VALUE OF SCIOMYZID LARVAE SNAIL-KILLING SCIOMYZID LARVAE SNAIL-KILLING DIPTERA.

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on a family of true flies or Diptera, the Sciomyzidae or marsh flies, whose larvae kill and feed upon pulmonate snails. Larvae of more than 100 species in this family have destroyed freshwater and terrestrial gastropods in laboratory trials. More than 80 species have been reared from hatching to pupation solely on snails, introduced alive into their rearing dishes. Laboratory trials against important hosts of human blood flukes from various parts of the world indicate that the hosts of Schistosoma mansoni Sambon are very vulnerable to attacks by these larvae, that the Bulinus species that transmit S. haematobium (Bilharz) are less so, and that Oncomelania, hosts of S. japonicum Katsurada, are invulnerable. Laboratory and field tests of Sciomyzidae experimentally introduced into Hawaii, Guam, and Australia for a control of fascioliasis also are discussed. Academic and theoretical consideration suggests that the sciomyzid flies are one of the several groups that may be of practical value in the biological control of fluke-bearing snails and that much more effort should be expended in the quest for other natural enemies of snails and in research into their potential value as agents of biological control. Although all sciomyzid larvae probably kill gastropod mollusks, remarkable differences in their habitats, adaptations, modes of attack, and choices of food snails are indicated and described. The known larvae form a behavioral and morphological continuum that may indicate the course of evolution. Parasitologists seem agreed that control of the snail intermediate host is one effective means of reducing the transmission rate of trematode diseases. Methods of snail control, such as biological and integrated control methods, are elucidated.
Neural correlates of nondual awareness in meditation.

Dualities such as self versus other, good versus bad, and in-group versus out-group are pervasive features of human experience, structuring the majority of cognitive and affective processes. Yet, an entirely different way of experiencing, one in which such dualities are relaxed rather than fortified, is also available. It depends on recognizing, within the stream of our consciousness, the nondual awareness (NDA)—a background awareness that precedes conceptualization and intention and that can contextualize various perceptual, affective, or cognitive contents without fragmenting the field of experience into habitual dualities. This paper introduces NDA as experienced in Tibetan Buddhist meditation and reviews the results of our study on the influence of NDA on anticorrelated intrinsic and extrinsic networks in the brain. Also discussed are preliminary data from a current study of NDA with minimized phenomenal content that points to involvement of a precuneus network in NDA.
SOME COMPUTATIONAL TRENDS IN THEORETICAL CHEMISTRY

That aspect of the National Resource for Computation in Chemistry's (NRCC) mission directed to advancing the capability of chemists to use computers has led to involvement in efforts to facilitate computations by theoretical chemists. The areas of greatest concentration include algorithm selection and software implementation. Experiences at the NRCC and their implications for the fields of collision dynamics, crystallography, graphics, macromolecular science, quantum chemistry, and statistical mechanics are briefly summarized. A recent study of the reaction of O with C/sub 2/H/sub 4/ is discussed to provide an illustration of progress in the understanding of reaction pathways using computational methods.
Living at the Intersection: The Effects of Racism and Sexism on Black Rape Survivors

Abstract Empirical and clinical data indicate that Black rape survivors are blamed more and are less likely to disclose their assaults than other women. We propose that these differences are, in large part, due to how Black women are perceived and evaluated. Specifically, we link two historical images of Black women, Jezebel and Matriarch, to the contemporary experience of Black rape survivors. The paradoxical and destructive implications of these images on Black rape survivors' decisions to disclose and report their rapes are discussed. Racially sensitive intervention strategies are also provided.
Regulation of Coupled β-Cell cAMP Dynamics

The islets of Langerhans control glucose homeostasis through secreting insulin. Glucose stimulates insulin secretion via metabolic and electrical events that increase free-calcium activity [Ca2+] to trigger insulin-granule exocytosis. cAMP-regulated pathways also enhancing insulin release. We previously examined how gap junctions coordinate the electrical, [Ca2+] and insulin secretory response. Recent observations have shown that the cAMP is also coordinated, but the mechanisms by which this occurs are poorly understood. To examine this, we measured [Ca2+] and cAMP dynamics in clusters of MIN6 β-cell line and compared results with a multicellular mathematical model of glucose-regulated [Ca2+] and its interaction with cAMP. We find that [Ca2+] and cAMP oscillations are both synchronized across MIN6 clusters. Cell pairs highly synchronized in [Ca2+] were also highly synchronized in cAMP. Cells where cAMP and [Ca2+] oscillations were robust and tightly linked correlated with highly synchronized [Ca2+] and cAMP oscillations. Similar results were observed in the mathematical model that solely contained electrical coupling, supporting that synchronization [Ca2+] is sufficient to promote synchronized cAMP. Optogenetic control of cAMP similarly did not generate coupled cAMP dynamics, unlike optogenetic control of [Ca2+]. Upon Exendin4 stimulated cAMP synthesis, [Ca2+] synchronization increased, which correlated with an increased link between [Ca2+] and cAMP oscillations. This improved link was sufficient to improve [Ca2+] synchronization in the model. An increase in gap junction conductance was not required, and we did not measure a significant increase under the Exendin4 levels used. Therefore cAMP is likely coordinated across the islet indirectly through its interaction with directly coordinated [Ca2+]. In turn cAMP can enhance the coordination of [Ca2+] via changing the [Ca2+] oscillation shape. This yields greater understanding how the signaling underlying insulin release is simultaneously mobilized across the islet and further supports the importance for electrical coupling in islet function.
Risk Factors and Mode of Death in Isolated Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in Children

Objectives This study was designed to review outcomes of pediatric isolated hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) managed uniformly at a single institution and assess whether reported adult risk factors for sudden death are predictive in pediatric HCM. Background Cardiac death in HCM occurs suddenly (SCD) or may be nonsudden (non-SCD). Little data exists on non-SCD in children. Risk factors for SCD in adult HCM are characterized and consensus management strategies detailed. Their application to children is uncertain and treatment strategies vary. Methods A retrospective cohort study of children with HCM was performed. Primary end points were cardiac death and transplantation. Frequency and outcomes of known adult risk factors were assessed. Outcomes analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression analysis. Results Ninety-six patients were included. The average age at diagnosis was 10.6 ± 5.4 years, and mean follow-up was 6.4 ± 5.2 years. Primary end points occurred in 11 patients over the 20-year follow-up (11%), 4 underwent cardiac transplant and 7 died (3 suddenly). Extreme left ventricular hypertrophy (z-score: >6) and an abnormal blood pressure response to exercise were predictive of non-SCD (p Conclusions In children with isolated HCM managed primarily with exercise restriction and medication, cardiac death occurred infrequently. Non-SCD or transplant was at least as common as SCD. Extreme left ventricular hypertrophy and blunted blood pressure response to exercise were associated with an increased risk of non-SCD.
Dissolved combined amino acids in marine waters as determined by a vapor-phase hydrolysis method

We examined a vapor-phase hydrolysis method for estimating dissolved combined amino acid (DCAA) concentrations in seawater. The DCAA concentrations determined by this hydrolysis method were 1.54 ± 0.43 (n = 62, range 0.8–3.0) times higher than that determined by traditional acid hydrolysis in the liquid phase. Both methods completely hydrolyzed proteins added to seawater. The vapor-phase method gave higher DCAA estimates than traditional acid hydrolysis in the subarctic Pacific (the vapor:traditional ratio was 2.00 ± 0.80, n=5), the Delaware Estuary (1.48 ± 0.44, n=57) and in sediment samples from the Great Delaware Marsh (1.63 ± 0.43, n=8). Large molecular weight DCAA (> 30 000 Da) had higher ratios than small DCAA (< 30 000 Da). The two methods differ in acid composition, hydrolysis temperature and time (vapor-phase hydrolysis requires only 23 min), but we found that only vapor-phase hydrolysis resulted in significant increases in DCAA concentrations. These results suggest that DCAA concentrations in seawater may have been underestimated by as much as 300%.
Automated torch path planning using polygon subdivision for solid freeform fabrication based on welding

A continuous path is one of the most important requirements for solid freeform fabrication (SFF) based on welding. This paper proposes a method for torch path planning applicable to SFF based on welding with an emphasis on minimum human intervention. The suggested approach describes a method based on the subdivision of a two-dimensional (2-D) polygonal section into a set of monotone polygons to generate a continuous path for material deposition. A two-dimensional contour is subdivided into smaller polygons (subpolygons). The path for each individual subpolygon is generated. The final torch path is obtained by connecting individual paths for all the subpolygons and trimming along the points of intersection of the paths for individual subpolygons. The final path is a closed loop; therefore, any point can be selected as the starting point for material deposition. The proposed method can be used to develop the toolpath for CNC milling.
686 CHILDREN AND YOUTH WITH RECURRENT INJURIES

In a study initiated to identify causative factors for recurrent trauma in rural children and youth the charts of 51 patients treated at 3 university affiliated rural health clinics were reviewed. The patients selected had had 3 or more injuries occurring within the previous 5 years. Of these injured children 7.8% were 1-4 years old, 11.8% 6-10, 41.2% 11-15, and 39.2% 16-21. Of the patients, 80.4% were male while 19.6% female; 86.3% were white and 13.7% black. There was a total of 244 incidents of injuries sustained by these patients during the study. Twenty-two injuries were fractures, 6 dislocations, 5 sprains, 11 head injuries, 56 lacerations, 56 contusions, 17 abrasions and 26 were other types including puncture wounds, eye injuries, burns, toxic substance ingestions, exposures to toxic chemicals, gunshot wounds, joint effusions, and ear drum injuries. The injuries occured during these activities: 11 at work, 72 at school, 48 during competitive athletics, 24 in physical education classes, 18 in unsupervised athletic competition, 73 at play, 9 in automobile accidents, 7 in motorcycle accidents, 4 in bicycle accidents, and 23 in activities such as walking, stepping on glass, falling out of non-moving vehicles and windows, fingers caught in doors and windows, dropping objects on extremities, horseback riding and tending a fireplace. A program to prevent recurrent injuries in these children which will include psychosocial as well as general education counseling is being developed.
FUNDAMENTALS OF PULSED LASER IRRADIATION OF SILICON

Most of the experimental work on pulsed laser processing of semiconductors is consistent with an optical heating model. Thermal equilibrium between the dense electron-hole plasma and the lattice of amorphous or crystalline silicon is established on a time scale of 2 ps or less, during the laser pulse. Nevertheless, a series of speculations on the nonthermal nature of laser annealing of ion-implanted silicon surfaces has persisted. These invoke a hot, dense carrier plasma, inducing a phase transformation in a much cooler silicon lattice. According to the thermal model the observed phase changes involve melting. Picosecond irradiation experiments provide a stringent test of the time scale on which the thermal model remains valid. In this paper we present our recent time-resolved measurements of refractive index changes of silicon on a picosecond time scale. During and after the irradiation with a single picosecond laser pulse, the reflectivity and transmission of thin silicon films exhibit characteristic transients, which allow a detailed insight into the plasma kinetics, energy transfer to the lattice and lattice heating, and subsequent melting of the surface. In agreement with recently-published results, obtained with subpicosecond resolution, the energy stored in the electron-hole plasma is found to be transferred to the lattice in a few picoseconds.
Validation of the language development survey (LDS): a parent report tool for identifying language delay in toddlers.

Two studies are reported demonstrating the reliability, validity, and clinical utility of the Language Development Survey (LDS; L. Rescorla, 1989) as a screening tool for the identification of expr...
X-Ray Powder Diffraction For Studying the Mineralogy of fly ash

A brief summary of the use of x-ray powder diffraction for studying the mineralogy of fly ash is presented. Mineralogies of low-, intermediate- and high-calcium fly ashes are discussed and illustrated by results from XRD characterization of U.S. National Bureau of Standards fly ash Standard Reference Materials.
Effect of Xanthan Gum Upon the Rheology and Stability of Oil-Water Emulsions

Soyabean oil-water emulsions were studied. In oil-water emulsions (up to 60% oil) xanthan is essential to prevent creaming. A yield stress arises primarily from the polysaccharide liquid crystalline structure. In concentrated systems where the oil droplets interact strongly there is a significant contribution to the yield stress arising from the need to modify individual droplet shapes when shear is applied to the system. Studies of droplet sizes suggest that the xanthan gum can also modify the equilibrium droplet size by lowering the oil-water interfacial tension.
Evolutionary history of orthopoxvirus proteins similar to human complement regulators

Orthopoxviruses include many important pathogens such as variola major virus, camelpox, buffalopox, monkeypox, cowpox, and variola minor viruses. This group of viruses also includes vaccinia virus, which is extensively used in human vaccine development. Genomes of orthopoxviruses encode proteins with sequences similar to human regulators of complement activation (RCA) that contain tandem short consensus repeats (SCRs). We employed phylogenetic tree analysis to evaluate the structural relationships among SCRs of orthopoxvirus RCA-like proteins and those of human complement regulators. The human complement RCA proteins analyzed were factor H (FH), C4 binding protein alpha chain, membrane cofactor protein (MCP), decay accelerating factor (DAF), and complement receptors type 1 (CR1) and 2 (CR2). Sequences of key poxvirus regulators of complement activation, vaccinia virus complement control protein (VCP), smallpox inhibitor of complement enzymes (SPICE), and cowpox inflammation modulatory protein (IMP) were similar to SCRs 1 through 5 of C4 binding protein, alpha chain, and they were also clustered with other homologous repeats of MCP, DAF, CR1, CR2, and FH. Phylogenetic clustering of RCA sequences suggested that poxvirus complement regulators VCP, SPICE, and IMP arose from a single ancestral sequence that shared similarity with all human regulators of complement activation. Any changes in poxvirus complement regulators leading to the enhancement of their ability to regulate complement activation likely resulted from new mutations in the viral lineages.
Calculating Word Sense Probability Distributions for Semantic Web Applications

Researchers have found that Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) is useful for tasks such as ontology alignment. Many other Semantic Web applications could also be enhanced with WSD results of Semantic Web documents. A system that can provide reusable intermediate WSD results is desirable. Compared to the top sense or a rank of senses, an output of meaningful scores of each possible sense informs subsequent processes of the certainty in results, and facilitates the application of other knowledge in choosing the correct sense. We propose that probabilistic models, which have proved successful in many other fields, can also be applied to WSD. Based on such observations, we focus on the problem of calculating probability distributions of senses for terms. In this paper we propose our novel WSD approach with our probability model, derive the problem formula into small computable pieces, and propose ways to estimate the values of these pieces.
Acute Sympathoexcitatory Action of Angiotensin II in Conscious Baroreceptor Denervated Rats

Angiotensin II (ANG II) has complex actions on the cardiovascular system. ANG II may act to increase sympathetic vasomotor outflow, but acutely the sympathoexcitatory actions of exogenous ANG II ma...
Lithospheric Momenta and the Deceleration of the Earth

PROCESSES originating in the interior of the Earth, such as thermal convection and gravitational instability, are not the only ones whereby energy is dissipated at a rate greater than that required to move lithospheric plates. The rate of loss of kinetic energy resulting from the deceleration of the Earth's rotation has been estimated at 7 × 1026 erg yr−1 (ref. 1); this is probably larger than the drag power on the plates.
Upper Semicontinuity of Morse Sets of a Discretization of a Delay-Differential Equation: An Improvement

Abstract In this paper, we consider a discrete delay problem with negative feedback x ( t )= f ( x ( t ), x ( t −1)) along with a certain family of time discretizations with stepsize 1/ n . In the original problem, the attractor admits a nice Morse decomposition. We proved in (T. Gedeon and G. Hines, 1999, J. Differential Equations 151 , 36–78) that the discretized problems have global attractors. It was proved in (T. Gedeon and K. Mischaikow, 1995, J. Dynam. Differential Equations 7 , 141–190) that such attractors also admit Morse decompositions. In (T. Gedeon and G. Hines, 1999, J. Differential Equations 151 , 36–78) we proved certain continuity results about the individual Morse sets, including that if f ( x , y )= f ( y ), then the individual Morse sets are upper semicontinuous at n =∞. In this paper we extend this result to the general case; that is, we prove for general f ( x , y ) with negative feedback that the Morse sets are upper semicontinuous.
HES1 Is a Master Regulator of Glucocorticoid Receptor-Dependent Gene Expression

Hairy and enhancer of split-1 (HES1) is a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor that is a key regulator of development and organogenesis. However, little is known about the role of HES1 after birth. Glucocorticoids, primary stress hormones that are essential for life, regulate numerous homeostatic processes that permit vertebrates to cope with physiological challenges. The molecular actions of glucocorticoids are mediated by glucocorticoid receptor-dependent regulation of nearly 25% of the genome. Here, we established a genome-wide molecular link between HES1 and glucocorticoid receptors that controls the ability of cells and animals to respond to stress. Glucocorticoid signaling rapidly and robustly silenced HES1 expression. This glucocorticoid-dependent repression of HES1 was necessary for the glucocorticoid receptor to regulate many of its target genes. Mice with conditional knockout of HES1 in the liver exhibited an expanded glucocorticoid receptor signaling profile and aberrant metabolic phenotype. Our results indicate that HES1 acts as a master repressor, the silencing of which is required for proper glucocorticoid signaling.
Particle identification via Cherenkov correlated timing

Abstract We describe a new particle-identification technique based on precision timing measurements to determine the Cherenkov angle of photons emitted by particles passing through a quartz radiator. A Monte Carlo simulation indicates that good π-K separation can be obtained for a large range of particle momenta and incident angles. A prototype detector to demonstrate the feasibility of the concept is under construction.
Ibuprofen is superior to paracetamol for pain relief following third molar removal

DATA SOURCES: The Cochrane Oral Health Group's Trials Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Medline, Embase and the metaRegister of Controlled Trials were searched with no language restrictions. STUDY SELECTION: Randomised controlled double-blinded clinical trials using the third molar model were included. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Two review authors independently and in duplicate extracted data. The proportion of patients with at least 50% pain relief (based on total pain relief (TOTPAR) and summed pain intensity difference (SPID) data) was calculated for all three drugs at both two and six hours post-dosing and meta-analysed for comparison. RESULTS: Seven studies involving 2241 patients were included. Two studies were considered to be at low risk of bias, three at high risk and two unclear risk of bias. Ibuprofen was found to be a superior analgesic to paracetamol at several doses, with high quality evidence suggesting that ibuprofen 400 mg is superior to 1000 mg paracetamol based on pain relief (estimated from TOTPAR data) and the use of rescue medication meta-analyses. Risk ratio (RR) for at least 50% pain relief (based on TOTPAR) at six hours was 1.47 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.28 to 1.69; five trials) favouring 400 mg ibuprofen over 1000 mg paracetamol, RR for not using rescue medication (also favouring ibuprofen) was 1.50 (95% CI 1.25 to 1.79; four trials). For combined drug RR for at least 50% of the maximum pain relief over six hours of 1.77 (95% CI 1.32 to 2.39) (paracetamol 1000 mg and ibuprofen 400 mg) (one trial; moderate quality evidence). RR not using rescue medication 1.60 (95% CI 1.36 to 1.88) (two trials; moderate quality evidence). Adverse events were comparable between the treatment groups, but no formal analysis could be undertaken. CONCLUSIONS: There is high quality evidence that ibuprofen is superior to paracetamol at doses of 200 mg to 512 mg and 600 mg to 1000 mg respectively based on pain relief and use of rescue medication data collected at six hours postoperatively. The majority of this evidence (five out of six trials) compared ibuprofen 400 mg with paracetamol 1000 mg, these are the most frequently prescribed doses in clinical practice. The novel combination drug is showing encouraging results based on the outcomes from two trials when compared to the single drugs.
Snow and firn permeability at Siple Dome, Antarctica

The nature of air-snow exchange processes depends upon both the physical characteristics of the snow and forcing from the atmosphere. An understanding of snow-air transport processes and models of these processes are important for interpreting ice cores and for predicting remotely sensed snow-surface characteristics. Accurate modeling requires knowledge of the physical characteristics of the snow and firn. In this paper, measurements of snow and firn permeability from the surface down to 12 m depth at Siple Dome, Antarctica, are presented. The permeability varies greatly as a function of layer and depth, generally increasing to approximately 3 m, and generally decreasing below that. The maximum permeability,280 × 10–10 1 0 m2, occurs at approximately 3 m depth. The lowest permeability in the top 12 m of snow and firn, 10 × 10–10w m2, was measured in the surface wind pack/The measurements show that layering and microstructure have large effects on permeability A mathematical expression for the overall variation of permeability with depth is presented It is shown that snow density is a poor indicator of permeability Quantitative microscopy may be helpful in relating observed snow characteristics to permeability, and useful in modeling firnification and chemical-species transport.
Compositional variations and phase stability during horizontal Bridgman growth of AgGaTe2 crystals

AbstractWe report the synthesis and growth of large, crack-free AgGaTe 2 single crystals by the horizontal Bridgmantechnique. The ingots were nearly stoichiometric and consisted entirely of single-phase material, with somecompositionalvariationsofthemetalcomponents.Thepresenceofmicroprecipitateswasobservedinthefast-cooledsamples.Theeffectsofthecompositionalvariationsonbandgap,absorptioncoefﬁcient,meltingpointandelectricalresistivityalongthelengthoftheingotarereported.r 2002ElsevierScienceB.V.Allrightsreserved. PACS: 81.10;61.66.F;81.70.P;61.10;65.70;72.15.EKeywords: A1.Absorption;A1.Thermalanalysis;A2.Bridgmantechnique;A2.Growthfrommelt 1. IntroductionTernarychalcopyritesoftheclassI–III–VI 2 areknown infrared nonlinear optical materials [1–3].In spite of its potential application for secondharmonicgenerationandopticalparameteroscil-lation,AgGaTe 2 hasreceivedlittleattention[4–6].Until recently, growth of large AgGaTe 2 singlecrystalswasthemainhindranceformanyapplica-tions. Recently, Schunemann et al. [7] ﬁrstreported the growth of large crack-free singlecrystalsofAgGaTe
An alpha-cluster model calculation of 12C☆

Abstract Energy expection values of 12C have been calculated using Brink's formalism of the α-cluster model. The results suggest that a molecular-like structure is favorable for the low-lying states of 12C.
How Does the Serrated Polyp Pathway Alter CRC Screening and Surveillance

Screening and surveillance for colorectal cancer (CRC) reduces mortality through the detection of early-stage adenocarcinoma, and more importantly the detection and removal of premalignant polyps. While adenomas have historically been considered the most common and screening-relevant precursor lesions, there is accumulating evidence showing that the serrated pathway is an important contributor to CRC, and a disproportionate contributor to interval or postcolonoscopy CRC, particularly in the proximal colon. The serrated pathway is characterized by mutations in the BRAF gene, high levels of methylation of promoter CpG islands (CIMP-high), and the sessile serrated adenoma/polyp (SSA/P) is the most important precursor lesion. The study of serrated polyps has been complicated by evolving nomenclature, substantial variation among pathologists in the identification of SSA/Ps, high variability in endoscopic detection rates, and uncertainty regarding the relation to synchronous and metachronous colonic neoplasia. This paper presents an overview of the serrated polyp pathway and discusses its clinical implications including its impact on CRC screening.
Variations in the ability of ruminal gram-negative Prevotella species to resist monensin.

Gram-negative, ruminal Prevotella strains (n = 15) differed greatly in their sensitivity to the feed additive monensin. Strains that were repeatedly transferred with sublethal doses tolerated more monensin than those that were unadapted, but growth experiments indicated that the sensitivity range was as great as 2000-fold. Prevotella bryantii B14 grew with monensin concentrations as high as 20 μM, but P. ruminicola H15a, D31d, 20-63, E40a, and D42f never initiated growth if monensin was greater than 0.01 μM. Washed cell preparations that were energized with glucose lost intracellular potassium when monensin was added, and potassium depletion could also be used as an index of monensin sensitivity. Adapted cells of P. bryantii B14 had a half-maximal potassium depletion constant (K d) of 3.2 μM, but the K d values of P. ruminicola strains H15a, D31d, 20-63, E40a, and D42f were less than 0.04 μM. Maximal potassium depletion (K max) values range from 90% to 40%, and monensin-adapted cells always had lower K max values than unadapted cells. A linear regression of log K d/K max versus percentage decrease in optical density divided by monensin concentration had an r2 of 0.75, and this regression indicated that potassium depletion from washed cells closely correlated with growth inhibition. P. bryantii B14 had a K d/K max ratio that was sevenfold greater than other Prevotella strains, and this result indicated that P. bryantii may be unusual in its ability to grow with very high concentrations of monensin.
Tetranuclear copper(I) clusters: impact of bridging carboxylate ligands on solid state structure and photoluminescence

The X-ray crystallographic characterization and solid state photoluminescence (PL) study of three new tetranuclear copper(I) clusters, [Cu4(O2CR)4], R = (3-F)C6H4 (1), (2,3,4-F)3C6H2 (2), and CF3/C6F5 (3), revealed a dependence of PL on the structural type.
Lewis acid catalyzed rearrangements of structurally related α,β-unsaturated epoxy ketones and oximes. A complementary approach to the synthesis of isomeric 1,4-diketospiro[n,m] alkanes.

Abstract Lewis acid catalyzed rearrangement of α,β-epoxy oximes proceeds by oxirane cleavage α to the oxime moiety with an attendant pinacol type alkyl migration to the resonance stabilized carbenium ion at C α , affording a 1,3-diketo-monoxime.
CO2 laser operation on an exceptional number of lines, including high J values

Abstract Of two otherwise identical wavelength-selective CO 2 lasers, a Q -switched laser gives operation on far fewer lines than one which is not Q -switched. From the latter we have obtained pulsed operation on rotational components extending considerably beyond those which have, to our knowledge, been previously reported.
The effects of core and peripheral warming methods on temperature and physiologic variables in injured children.

IntroductionInjured children are at risk for thermoregulatory compromise, where temperature maintenance mechanisms are overwhelmed by severe injury, environmental exposure, and resuscitation measures. Adequate thermoregulation can be maintained, and heat loss can be prevented, by core (administratio
THE ROMANTIC ANTECEDENTS OF MEADIAN SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY

Mead's life-long interest in Romanticism is the least studied aspect of his work. As summarized in Movements of Thought in the Nineteenth Century, Meadian explorations in romantic philosophy and sociology provide a valuable insight into his substantive contributions. The present paper seeks to amplify this insight and explores its relevance to the interactionist tradition in sociology. Special attention is given to the Meadian claim that the modern notion of self first appears in the romantic literature. Mead's emphasis on the interplay between the social structure and the structure of the self is linked to the romantic vision of the self as the microcosm of the social macrocosm. The current controversy over Mead and Chicago sociology is given a new interpretation in light of the dialectical premises inherent in the Meadian and romantic theories of self.
Perceived self-other differences in life events and mental health among Mexicans and Americans.

ABSTRACT The social context of reported stressful life events was examined as a determinant of psychiatric symptoms in four cultural groups: Anglo-Americans (n = 132), Mexican-Americans (n = 108), Mexicans in El Paso (n = 90), and Mexican nationals (n = 133). The perceived difference between life events experienced by the self and spouse or by the self and significant others constituted preliminary operational definitions of the social context of life events. Ten Psychiatric Epidemiology Research Interview (PERI) psychiatric symptom scales as well as a suicidal tendency scale and a hopelessness index constituted the measures af the dependent variables. The potential predictive value of the social contextual measures of life-event stress for mental health variables was generally supported by the findings. Results indicated a rank ordering of predicted effects, with Mexican nationals most susceptible to the psychological effects of the social context of life events and Anglo-Americans least susceptible.
Dasatinib, an immunomodulator?

In this issue of Blood , Kreutzman and colleagues describe the existence of clonal cytotoxic T and NK cells in over 80% (15 of 18) of patients with CML at diagnosis which persisted during treatment with the tyrosine kinase inhibitors, imatinib and dasatinib. 1 Furthermore, they discovered that this clonal lymphocytosis expands further after therapy with dasatinib but not imatinib.
Revision of Limonium (Plumbaginaceae) in eastern North America

The number of species ofLimonium in eastern North America has long been a matter of taxonomic concern. The complex of six to seven “species” is better treated as a single, highly variable species,Limonium carolinianum (Walter) Britton.
Use of a graphics processing unit (GPU) to facilitate real-time 3D graphic presentation of the patient skin-dose distribution during fluoroscopic interventional procedures.

We have developed a dose-tracking system (DTS) that calculates the radiation dose to the patient's skin in realtime by acquiring exposure parameters and imaging-system-geometry from the digital bus on a Toshiba Infinix C-arm unit. The cumulative dose values are then displayed as a color map on an OpenGL-based 3D graphic of the patient for immediate feedback to the interventionalist. Determination of those elements on the surface of the patient 3D-graphic that intersect the beam and calculation of the dose for these elements in real time demands fast computation. Reducing the size of the elements results in more computation load on the computer processor and therefore a tradeoff occurs between the resolution of the patient graphic and the real-time performance of the DTS. The speed of the DTS for calculating dose to the skin is limited by the central processing unit (CPU) and can be improved by using the parallel processing power of a graphics processing unit (GPU). Here, we compare the performance speed of GPU-based DTS software to that of the current CPU-based software as a function of the resolution of the patient graphics. Results show a tremendous improvement in speed using the GPU. While an increase in the spatial resolution of the patient graphics resulted in slowing down the computational speed of the DTS on the CPU, the speed of the GPU-based DTS was hardly affected. This GPU-based DTS can be a powerful tool for providing accurate, real-time feedback about patient skin-dose to physicians while performing interventional procedures.
Effect of captan and triethylenemelamine (TEM) on reproductive fitness of DBA2J mice

Abstract The specific mammalian mutagen bioassay system involving polygenic reproductive fitness was tested by using two generations of the offspring of captan treated male DBA 2J mice. The fungicide captan (N-(trichloromethylthio)tetrahydrophthalimide) was given at doses of 50 or 100 mg/kg/day for 5 days. The known mutagen triethylenemelamine (TEM) was used as the positive control compound (0.1 mg/kg dose). TEM produced decreases in overall productivity (as measured by the fertility index) and decreased survival from birth to day 4, and from day 5 to weaning at 21 days. Captan treated animals also showed a decrease in fertility index, but neither dose of captan provoked the severity of decreases seen after TEM treatment. The decrease in average weaning weight seen in the first litter of the second generation after the high dose of captan suggests that the effects of captan on certain characteristics may be nearly as serious as those of TEM.
Pavlov and the foundation of behavior therapy.

The foundation, achievements, and proliferation of behavior therapy have largely been fueled by the movement's foundation in behavioral principles and theories. Although behavioral accounts of the genesis and treatment of psychopathology differ in the extent to which they emphasize classical or operant conditioning, the mediation of cognitive factors, and the role of biological variables, Pavlov's discovery of conditioning principles was essential to the founding of behavior therapy in the 1950s, and continues to be central to modern behavior therapy. Pavlov's reliance on a physiological model of the nervous system, sensible in the context of an early science of neurology, has had an implication for behavior therapists interested in the study of personality types. However, Pavlov's major legacy to behavior therapy was his discovery of "experimental neuroses," shown by his students Erofeeva and Shenger-Krestovnikova, to be produced and eliminated through the principles of conditioning and counter-conditioning. This discovery laid the foundation for the first empirically-validated behavior therapy procedure, systematic desensitization, pioneered by Wolpe. The Pavlovian origins of behavior therapy are analyzed in this paper, and the relevance of conditioning principles to modern behavior therapy is demonstrated. It is shown that Pavlovian conditioning represents far more than a systematic basic learning paradigm. It is also an essential theoretical foundation for the theory and practice of behavior therapy.
1716 USE OF SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE IN NEONATES WITH SEVERE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) may be related to deficiency of the enzyme, superoxide dismutase (SOD), in the lung. SOD detoxifies O2− and may thereby prevent lung destruction and BPD. A preliminary study in human neonates with severe IRDS evaluated the safety and pharmacokinetics of parenterally administered SOD (Orgotein (R), Diagnostic Data, Inc., Mountain View, California). 19 prematures with severe IRDS with m b.wt. 1179gm and m G.A. 28.9 wks on ventilators with FiO2 > .70 at 24hrs of age were included. SOD was given as a test dose .lmg/kg ID followed in lhr by .25mg/kg q12h SQ. No adverse (cutaneous or systemic) affects were associated with SOD administration. No abnormalities occurred in electrolytes, SGPT, SGOT, coagulation profile, white cell, platelet or reticulocyte counts. Serum creatinine and urine output were unaffected. SOD plasma levels, undetectable prior to therapy, were measurable in 8/13 patients lhr after test dose and in all within lhr following the therapeutic dose. In patients > 28wks m levels rose to .2-.9mcg/ml and remained in this range for the 12hr interval and with subsequent doses. Higher levels generally occurred in patients ≤28wks for the entire 12hr period and attained peak levels as high as 2.0mcg/ml with subsequent doses. These results suggest that SOD may be safely administered to newborns severely ill with IRDS and provide a preliminary guide to dosage and frequency of injection.
Wiki to the rescue: creating a more dynamic intranet

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe a project to convert a library intranet from HTML format to Wiki software and presents evidence of the success of this project.Design/methodology/approach – The authors conduct a pre‐ and post‐survey of intranet users.Findings – Use of the intranet increases after the transition to a Wiki. Updating does not increase, but is more evenly spread among departments rather than being concentrated among technical staff.Practical implications – Wiki software is an excellent choice for a library intranet because it allows for easy editing and shared responsibility.Originality/value – There are few articles written that assess the merits of Wiki software. This article establishes an ongoing discussion of which new web technologies have the most utility in a library setting.