cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Printed Se-Doped MA n -Type Bi 2 Te 3 Thick-Film Thermoelectric Generators

In this work, we highlight new materials processing developments and fabrication techniques for dispenser-printed thick-film single-element thermoelectric generators (TEG). Printed deposition techniques allow for low-cost and scalable manufacturing of microscale energy devices. This work focuses on synthesis of unique composite thermoelectric systems optimized for low-temperature applications. We also demonstrate device fabrication techniques for high-density arrays of high-aspect-ratio planar single-element TEGs. Mechanical alloyed (MA) n-type Bi2Te3 powders were prepared by taking pure elemental Bi and Te in 36:64 molar ratio and using Se as an additive. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques were used to characterize the as-milled powders to confirm the Bi2Te3 phase formation and particle size below 50 μm. Thermoelectric properties of the composites were measured from room temperature to 100°C. We achieved a dimensionless figure of merit (ZT) of 0.17 at 300 K for MA n-type Bi2Te3–epoxy composites with 2 wt.% Se additive. A 20 single-leg TEG prototype with 5 mm × 400 μm × 120 μm printed element dimensions was fabricated on a polyimide substrate with evaporated gold contacts. The prototype device produced a power output of 1.6 μW at 40 μA and 40 mV voltage for a temperature difference of 20°C.
The impact of the age discrimination in employment act on employee benefit plans in the United States

Abstract United States legislation, culminating in the Age Discrimination in Employment Act 1967, and its amendments, are discussed in terms of their effect on personnel policies generally and employee benefit plans in particular. The article seeks to explain both general principles and concrete applications of the Act and suggests approaches towards avoiding confrontation with Federal agencies in personnel policy and practice.
Stability of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids after Microwave Cooking of Fish

The stability of fish oils high in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in fresh fish of low, medium and high fat content was investigated using microwave oven cooking. Cooked and uncooked portions of butterfish, mullet, mackerel and sardines were extracted, the lipid recovered and fatty acid composition determined. The effect of cooking was minimal with no detectable difference in total lipid between cooked and uncooked samples. Most important, PUFA were virtually unaffected by the overall cooking and the cooked fish retained their original PUFA composition and content.
The Living Experience of Feeling Overwhelmed A Parse Research Study

Feeling overwhelmed is a universal living experience of living quality. Although feeling overwhelmed frequently occurs in healthcare, studies related to its meaning have never been published. Parse's humanbecoming school of thought was the theoretical framework for this study. The research question for this study was: What is the structure of the living experience of feeling overwhelmed? The purpose was to advance nursing science and enhance the theory of humanbecoming. Parse's phenomenological-hermeneutic research method was the method used. Participants from the general population included nine women and one man ranging in age from 18 to 65. Descriptions were arrived at through dialogical engagement. The major finding of the study is the structure: Feeling overwhelmed is burdening disconcertedness surfacing with divergent engagements as optimistic anticipation arises while structuring endeavors.
Strategies for the reduction and interpretation of multicomponent spectral data

where x(i) and y(i)' are the observed excitation and emission spectra of the ii component and ax is a concentration dependent parameter. Such a data matrix is readily interpreted using linear algebraic procedures. Recently a new instrument has been described which rapidly acquires fluorescence detected circular dichroism (FDCD) data for chiral fluorophores as a function of multiple excitation and emission wavelengths. The FDCD matrix is similar in form to EEM data. However, since the FDCD matrix may have legitimate negative entries while the EEM is theoretically non-negative, different assumptions are required. This paper will describe the mathematical algorithms developed in this laboratory for the interpretation of the EEM in various forms. Particular emphasis will be placed on linear algebraic and two-dimensional Fourier Transform procedures.
Decision Support System for Commencement Delay Claims

Delay claims are common in construction projects. Commencement delay claims are different, as the owner is responsible for the delay. This paper presents a methodology to solve the conflict of a commencement delay event in an efficient way through a case study. This paper addresses a successful commencement delay claim that a contractor solved without going through litigation. The owner refused a commencement delay claim of $2 million. There were three alternatives for the contractor: to continue the project without any claims, to go through litigation, or to settle with the owner. The contractor used a decision tree technique to minimize the cost associated with the commencement delay event. The contractor calculated the cost of different alternatives and predicted the probability of each solution. Based on the cost of each solution, the contractor selected going for a settlement with the owner for advanced payments. The present value of the settlement was $1.5 million.
Assessment of Linear Finite-Difference Poisson-Boltzmann Solvers

CPU time and memory usage are two vital issues that any numerical solvers for the Poisson–Boltzmann equation have to face in biomolecular applications. In this study, we systematically analyzed the CPU time and memory usage of five commonly used finite-difference solvers with a large and diversified set of biomolecular structures. Our comparative analysis shows that modified incomplete Cholesky conjugate gradient and geometric multigrid are the most efficient in the diversified test set. For the two efficient solvers, our test shows that their CPU times increase approximately linearly with the numbers of grids. Their CPU times also increase almost linearly with the negative logarithm of the convergence criterion at very similar rate. Our comparison further shows that geometric multigrid performs better in the large set of tested biomolecules. However, modified incomplete Cholesky conjugate gradient is superior to geometric multigrid in molecular dynamics simulations of tested molecules. We also investigated other significant components in numerical solutions of the Poisson–Boltzmann equation. It turns out that the time-limiting step is the free boundary condition setup for the linear systems for the selected proteins if the electrostatic focusing is not used. Thus, development of future numerical solvers for the Poisson–Boltzmann equation should balance all aspects of the numerical procedures in realistic biomolecular applications. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2010
Magnetospheric Topology of Fields and Currents

The interaction of the solar wind with the magnetosphere is examined from the standpoint of fundamental processes in physics and, whenever possible, observational data. A conceptual model is developed which incorporates several features of the magnetosphere that are still open to debate, such as open magnetic field lines in the polar cap and a boundary layer just inside the magnetopause. It is shown that the length of the magnetotail, the existence of the polar rain, the bursts of particles at the edge of the plasma sheet, and the poleward motion of auroral forms during the recovery phase of a magnetospheric substorm may all have a natural explanation with the proposed model. The one exception, however, is the topology of the electric field. The problems associated with reversal of the electric field within the magnetotail are examined.
Administrative Justice in Public Welfare Bureaucracies When Citizens (Don't) Complain

One of the few avenues open to citizens to dispute mistakes in the administration of public welfare programs is administrative hearings (“fair hearings”). However, recipients rarely use them. This has important implications for social equity, as government is obligated to ensure its process for distributing benefits is fair and equitable. Drawing on data from 28 qualitative interviews with recipients who were sanctioned for violating the work rules, this study explores why recipients appealed, or did not appeal, their work sanctions. The findings indicate that nearly all of the recipients believed they were wrongfully sanctioned and were aware of their right to appeal. For recipients who did not appeal, the fair hearing system was indistinguishable from the rest of the agency, which they viewed as inflexible and intractable. In contrast, those who appealed viewed fair hearings more favorably, and unlike the nonappealers, had been encouraged to appeal by social networks.
Complex processes for envelopes of normal noise

The paper presents a brief exposition of the technique of complex normal random variables as utilized in the study of the envelopes of Gaussian noise processes. The central concept is the pre-envelope z( ) of a real normal process. The pre-envelope z( ) of a real function x( ) is a complex function whose real part is x( ) and whose absolute value is the envelope, in the sense of high-frequency theory, of x() . The joint probability density for z(t), z \prime (t) is found and used to get the threshold crossing rate. Consideration of nonstationary processes is included.
Modeling the Influence of Dynamic Zoning of Forest Harvesting on Ecological Succession in a Northern Hardwoods Landscape

Dynamic zoning (systematic alteration in the spatial and temporal allocation of even-aged forest management practices) has been proposed as a means to change the spatial pattern of timber harvest across a landscape to maximize forest interior habitat while holding timber harvest levels constant. Simulation studies have established that dynamic zoning strategies produce larger tracts of interior, closed canopy forest, thus increasing the value of these landscapes for interior-dependent wildlife. We used the simulation model LANDIS to examine how the implementation of a dynamic zoning strategy would change trajectories of ecological succession in the Great Divide Ranger District of the Chequamegon–Nicolet National Forest in northern Wisconsin over 500 years. The components of dynamic zoning strategies (number of zones in a scenario and the length of the hiatus between successive entries into zones) and their interaction had highly significant impacts on patterns of forest succession. Dynamic zoning scenarios with more zones and shorter hiatus lengths increased the average amount of the forest dominated by early successional aspen (Populus sp.). Dynamic zoning scenarios with two zones produced more late successional mature northern hardwoods than scenarios with four zones. Dynamic zoning scenarios with very short (30 years) or very long (120 years) hiatus lengths resulted in more late successional mature northern hardwoods than scenarios with intermediate hiatus lengths (60 and 90 years). However, none of the dynamic scenarios produced as much late successional mature northern hardwoods as the static alternative. Furthermore, the amounts of all habitat types in all dynamic zoning scenarios fluctuated greatly in time and space relative to static alternatives, which could negatively impact wildlife species that require a stable amount of habitat above some minimum critical threshold. Indeed, implementing dynamic zoning scenarios of different designs would have both positive and negative effects on wildlife species and for other objectives of forest management.
Temperature and pH-Related Mortality of Red Drum Larvae in Fertilized Culture Ponds

Abstract Survival of larval red drum Sciaenops ocellatus (36 h posthatch) stocked into fertilized culture ponds was monitored to determine the effects of temperature and pH. In 108 pond trials, larvae were stocked at pH values ranging from 8.5 to 10.8 and temperatures ranging from 19.8°C to 30.8°C. Fish were acclimated for 15–25 min before stocking. Culture ponds were stocked only when temperature, dissolved oxygen, and salinity were conducive to survival. In addition to pH and temperature, ponds were monitored for dissolved oxygen and salinity over a 3-d period before sampling. Pond stocking success was based on the results of ichthyoplankton tows where less than 50 larvae/tow was considered failure and 50 or more larvae/tow was considered success. Ponds with a maximum pH of 9.4 and above had reduced survival (<50% stocking success). Survival increased with increasing water temperature. Elevated pH levels and low water temperatures in fertilized culture ponds can reduce survival of red drum larvae. Stock...
Fault tolerant objects in distributed systems using hot replication

This paper presents a new algorithm for supporting fault tolerant objects in distributed systems. The fault tolerance provided by the algorithm is fully user transparent. The algorithm uses a variation of object replication scheme, which we call the Hot Replication Scheme. The algorithm supports nested object invocations. The chief advantages of the scheme are: a) No action is needed in the case of failure of a secondary replica, b) The time to recover from a primary failure is minimal, c) Separation of replication protocol and reliable communication protocol. To recover from a primary failure the system need to (detect the failure and) select one of the secondaries to become the primary. The designated secondary can become primary once it has made sure that its current state is equivalent to the state of the failed primary (it can do so by processing outstanding requests, if any). This is in contrast with the checkpointing and rollback recovery scheme, where the recovery time can be substantial. Our algorithm exploits the general features and concepts associated with the notion of the objects and object interactions to its advantage.
Studies of Small Biological Molecules

In this chapter, the interactions of small molecules with proteins are discussed in terms of different experimental methods with examples. The last section describes examples to study metabolic pathways using NMR experiments. Key questions to be answered include:
Building Virtual Worlds Carrying on the Legacy of Randy Pausch's "Head Fake"

The Carnegie Mellon Building Virtual Worlds course fosters interdisciplinary collaboration and invention. It helps provide students with a solid foundation by challenging them to create innovative, future-oriented experiences through a series of critiqued rapid prototypes. This process, combined with carefully designed peer evaluation, has led to a system that hundreds of alumni credit with setting them on the road to inventing the future of entertainment technology.
Differences in negativity bias probably underlie variation in attitudes toward change generally, not political ideology specifically

Many of the characteristics cited in Hibbing et al.'s account are ineffective predictors of economic conservatism. However, these same characteristics are often associated with differences not only in social conservatism but also in religiousness and authoritarianism. Hibbing et al. may have offered a useful explanation of traditionalism and attitudes toward change across domains rather than of general political attitudes.
Regulation of VASP serine 157 phosphorylation in human neutrophils after stimulation by a chemoattractant

Vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) is a cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) substrate, which links cellular signaling to cytoskeletal organization and cellular movement. VASP is phosphorylated by PKA on serine 157 (Ser 157), which is required for VASP function in platelet adhesion and fibroblast motility. Our hy- pothesis is that PKA regulates neutrophil migration through VASP Ser 157 phosphorylation. The ob- jective of this study was to characterize VASP Ser 157 phosphorylation in chemoattractant-stimu- lated neutrophils. fMLF, IL-8, leukotriene B4 ,o r platelet-activating factor stimulation resulted in an initial increase in VASP Ser 157 phosphorylation, which was maximal by 30 s and was followed by a return to baseline Ser 157 phosphorylation by 10 min. In contrast, stimulation with the nonchemoat- tractant, proinflammatory cytokine TNF- did not affect Ser 157 phosphorylation. The kinetics of fMLF-induced VASP Ser 157 phosphorylation lev- els closely matched the kinetics of the fold-change in F-actin levels in fMLF-stimulated neutrophils. fMLF-induced Ser 157 phosphorylation was abol- ished by pretreatment with the PKA inhibitor H89 and the adenylyl cyclase inhibitor SQ22536. In contrast, fMLF-induced Ser 157 phosphorylation was unaffected by the PKC inhibitors calphostin and staurosporine, the PKG inhibitors Rp-8-pCPT- cGMP and KT5823, and the calmodulin-depen- dent protein kinase II inhibitor KN-62. Inhibition of adhesion with EDTA or the anti-2-integrin an- tibody IB4 did not alter fMLF-induced VASP phos- phorylation or dephosphorylation. These data show that chemoattractant stimulation of human neutrophils induces a rapid and transient PKA- dependent VASP Ser 157 phosphorylation. Adhe- sion does not appear to be an important regulator of the state of VASP Ser 157 phosphorylation in chemoattractant-stimulated neutrophils. J. Leu- koc. Biol. 82: 1311-1321; 2007.
A Content Analysis of Reading Methods Texts: What Are We Told about the Nonnative Speaker of English?.

This paper focuses on how second-language children are portrayed in reading and language arts methods textbooks and in practice-oriented reading and language arts journals. Seventy-five textbooks and three journals published between 1980 and 1992 were examined for (a) their labelling of second-language children, (b) their use and application of second-language research, and (c) their instructional strategies. Although there is a high probability that inservice and preservice teachers have had some contact in professional fora with issues in second-langua ge reading, professional writings do not provide a thorough discussion of secondlanguage learners that reflects the current knowledge base.
Focus on Incretin-Based Therapies: Targeting the Core Defects of Type 2 Diabetes

Glucose homeostasis is regulated by a complex interaction of hormones, principally including insulin, glucagon, amylin, and the incretins. Glucagon, cortisol, catecholamines, and growth hormone serve as the classic glucose counterregulatory hormones. The incretins are hormones released by enteroendocrine cells in the intestine in response to a meal. Classically, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been considered to be a triad of insulin resistance, increased hepatic gluconeogenesis, and progressive β-cell exhaustion/failure. However, disordered enteroendocrine physiology, specifically the reduced activity of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), is also a principal pathophysiologic abnormality of the disease. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists that have been studied include exenatide and liraglutide, which have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for use in patients with T2DM. Sitagliptin and saxagliptin, both approved for use in the United States, modulate incretin physiology by inhibiting degradation of GLP-1 by the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4). Modulators of incretin physiology have been shown to improve glycemic control with a low risk for hypoglycemia and beneficially affect β-cell function. Unlike the DPP-4 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonist therapy also produces weight loss, an important consideration given the close association among T2DM, overweight/obesity, and cardiovascular disease. The GLP-1 receptor agonists have also demonstrated beneficial effects on cardiovascular risk factors other than hyperglycemia and excess body weight, such as lipid concentrations and blood pressure. This article describes incretin physiology and studies of pharmacologic therapy designed to address the blunted incretin response in patients with T2DM. Information was obtained by a search of the PubMed and MEDLINE databases for articles published from January 1, 1995 to June 1, 2009.
Some attributes of a language for property-based testing.

Property-based testing is a testing technique that evaluates executions of a program. The method checks that specifications, called properties, hold throughout the execution of the program. TASpec is a language used to specify these properties. This paper compares some attributes of the language with the specification patterns used for model-checking languages, and then presents some descriptions of properties that can be used to detect common security flaws in programs. This report describes the results of a one year research project at the University of California, Davis, which was funded by a University Collaboration LDRD entitled ''Property-based Testing for Cyber Security Assurance''.
Pharmacy without walls

Attributes of excellence in pharmacy management are described: big-picture thinking, the ability to exploit change, and willingness to take risks. Big-picture thinking means understanding trends that are shaping health care in order to determine where pharmacy fits. Health systems look beyond inpatient care and use case managers to maximize resource use; pharmacists might serve as case managers. Managed care has caused physicians to be more receptive to resource-management strategies, such as clinical pathways; pharmacists can collaborate in the development of clinical pathways. Pharmacists can serve as physician extenders; for example, by conducting anticoagulation or hypertension clinics. Pharmacists need flexibility to adapt to changes in the internal organization of acute care institutions; they will need to learn about the clinical, behavioral, operational, and fiscal aspects of managing the total patient. New reporting relationships give pharmacists the opportunity to demonstrate to other members of the health care team their role in preventing, managing, and resolving drug-related problems throughout the continuum of care. Risk-taking can mean setting ambitious goals. By setting and achieving ambitious goals for products and services, pharmacists can raise patients' and other health care providers' expectations for pharmacy services. Pharmacists' success will depend on their willingness to experiment with new services and discard services that do not substantially advance patient care. Pharmacists must monitor changes in the provision of health care, determine the implications for their practice and seek opportunities for participation outside the walls within which they have traditionally practiced.
Temperature Distribution in Liquid and Vapor Phases of Helium in Cylindrical Dewars

The temperature variation in the liquid and vapor phases of helium contained in a dewar vessel has been measured along the axis and side of the dewar. Such information is helpful in the evaluation of data in cryogenic experiments in which a significant portion of the apparatus lies in a temperature gradient. The work described below was prompted by this consideration. However, the unexpected nature of the temperature variation led to a more detailed investigation.
Should the States Determine Their Own Tax Destinies?: Federalism in the 21st Century

The author says that Congress needs to be more assertive on state tax issues to improve U.S. competitiveness with other nations. Congress should mandate uniform apportionment formulas and uniform rules on carryback and carryforward of net operating losses, the author suggests.
NUMERICAL CALCULATIONS IN CLASSICAL LIQUIDS

We are concerned with a system of N particles with masses mi, i=1,…, N which interact with a potential V which is a continuous function of the coordinates of the particles namely ri, i=1,…, N. The extension to include a system of rigid bodies as well will be mentioned later. The classical equations of motion of the N particles are $${m_i}{\underline {\ddot r} _i} = - {\underline \nabla _i}V,\;i = 1,...,N$$ so that the knowledge of all the ri and ri at any time t0 is in principle enough to obtain the positions and velocities at any other time t.
Training future Political Scientists: Reflections from an undergraduate Research Methods course

This article, co-authored by an instructor and a student of a research design and methods course at a liberal arts college, outlines key lessons learned by both instructor and student as the course progresses. Building on past scholarly writings about the teaching of research methods to undergraduates in political science and other social science disciplines, this paper continues the discussion about good practice in teaching research methods to social science undergraduates. We aim to narrow the gap between teacher and student, and to invigorate debate among instructors of undergraduate research methods about the need for innovative teaching and practice in such courses. Finally, we include recommendations for sustaining student interest in research methods, and for making research design and methods relevant to non-political science majors who might have to take the course to fulfill academic requirements. This paper will be of interest to instructors of research methods and heads of social science departments, as well as potential students of such courses.
Sex Differences in Occupational Choices of Second-Grade Black Children

Summary.-84 second-grade black children were asked about their most preferred occupations. Both sexes (44 boys, 40 girls) chose traditionally sexstereotyped occupations. Implications of the findings are mentioned. Current thought about vocational development suggests that elementary age children tend to respond in traditionally sex-role-specific ways given their absorption with sex identiry (Gottfredson, 1981). To extend available data on sex-role stereotyping duing elementary school (Barnhart, 1983; Hageman & Gladding, 1983), this descriptive study was undertaken to obtain vocational aspirations of second-grade black children whose family income placed them in the lower socioeconomic status. A total of 84 second-graders participated. The class of 44 boys ranged in age from 6 to 10 yr. and 40 girls from 6 to 9 yr. Their vocational aspirations were solicited individually using a question from Vondracek and Kirchner (1974) developed for a similar purpose. The question was: "A (boy, girl) can be all sorts of things when (he, she) grows up. What would you like to be when you grow up?" The findings are generally consistent with published literature: that noticeable sex differences in occupational choices appear to be active by second grade and that girls choose a narrower range of preferred occupations than boys. Perhaps as Loofr (1971a, 1971b) suggests, occupational "foreclosure" is already beginning to operate on girls in the early school years. As Table 1 indicates, both sexes tend to aspire to occupations rraditionally regarded as sex appropriate, e.g., policeman and football player for boys, and teacher and nurse for girls. These results tend to support Gottfredson's (1981) proposal that career development is an on-going process beginning at least as early as the elementary school years. Perhaps by second grade children are already forming expectaciom of sex-appropriate work, aware of their own identity, and affected some by cultural stereotypes. Occupational choices appear to be sex-typed: 77% of the girls chose "teacher" or "nurse" as what they would like to be, whereas 66% of the boys chose "football player" or "policeman." That children from lower socioeconomic backgrounds are sgmewhat conservative in choice of occupacions is 'Requests for reprints should be sent to the first author, Louisiana Tech University, Behavioral Sciences, Box 10048, Ruston, LA 71272.
A Dielectric Rod Antenna for Picosecond Pulse Stimulation of Neurological Tissue

A dielectrically loaded wideband rod antenna has been studied as a pulse delivery system to subcutaneous tissues. Simulation results applying 100-ps electrical pulse show that it allows us to generate a critical electric field for biological effects, such as brain stimulation, in the range of several centimeters. In order to reach the critical electric field for biological effects, which is $\sim 20$ kV/cm, at a depth of 2 cm, the input voltage needs to be 175 kV. The electric field spot size in the brain at this position is $\sim 1$ cm2. Experimental studies in free space with a conical antenna (part of the antenna system) with aluminum nitride as the dielectric have confirmed the accuracy of the simulation. These results set the foundation for high-voltage in situ experiments on the complete antenna system and the delivery of pulses to a biological tissue.
Effects of Dimenhydrinate and Diphenhydramine on Apomorphine-Induced Emesis in Dogs and Cats.∗

Summary1. Neither Dramamine (2, 5 and 10 mg/kg) nor Benadryl (1 and 2.5 mg/kg) administered intravenously was effective in preventing the emetic responses to threshold doses of intravenous apomorphine or in prolonging the latent periods of vomiting in 5 standardized dogs. 2. Other experiments were performed in the attempt to verify the reported protection afforded by Dramamine and Benadryl against apomorphine-induced emesis in dogs and cats. Although the latent period of emesis was prolonged in one of the experiments on cats, these drugs did not prevent vomiting.
Thaine's Method for Circular Units and a Conjecture of Gross

We formulate a conjecture analogous to Gross' refinement of the Stark conjectures on special values of abelian L-series at s = 0. Some evidence for the conjecture can be obtained, thanks to the fundamental ideas of F. Thaine. 1. Introduction. This paper formulates a refined analogue of the usual class number formula for a real quadratic extension of Q, using circular units. The statement of this conjecture is inspired by an analogous conjecture of Gross (Gr). Strong evidence for this conjecture can be given thanks to F. Thaine's powerful method (Th) for generating relations in ideal class groups using circular units. The first two sections briefly recall Dirichlet's analytic class number formula and Gross's refinement of it; they are there mainly to fix notations and provide motivation. Section 4 states the new conjecture. The remaining sections are devoted to proving various results that support it. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. I wish to thank Massimo Bertolini and Benedict Gross for many stimulating conversations on the topics of this paper. NOTATIONS. If K is a number field and w is a place of K lying above a prime v of Q, we denote by Kw the localization of K at w, and let Nw be the order of its residue field. The w-adic norm || || w is normalized so that it is equal to Nw" 1 on uniformizing elements.
Location and size of the 1927 Lompoc, California, earthquake from tsunami data

Abstract The Lompoc earthquake of 4 November 1927 ( M s 7.0) was one of the largest offshore events in California, and the associated tsunami was recorded in Hawaii as well as on the California coast. The epicenter of this event has long been debated; one location is offshore where the ocean is about 1000-m deep, whereas another location is very near shore beneath a water depth of less than 100 m. We analyzed the tsunami records from this event. From tsunami travel times, the source location was estimated to be well offshore at about 34.2°N, 120.75°W, consistent with recent seismic waveform analysis. Waveform modeling of the tsunami also supports an outer continental shelf location. The seismic moment is estimated to be 3 × 10 26 dyne · cm, corresponding to a moment magnitude of 7.0. The tsunami computation reproduced the large tsunami in Hawaii, indicating that the observed large tsunami was due to bathymetry effects, particularly near Hilo Bay. The tsunami magnitude of 7.6 obtained from the Hawaiian recordings by Abe thus appears to be an overestimate.
Gene Expression Versus Sequence for Predicting Function: Glia Maturation Factor Gamma Is Not A Glia Maturation Factor

It is standard practice, whenever a researcher finds a new gene, to search databases for genes that have a similar sequence. It is not standard practice, whenever a researcher finds a new gene, to search for genes that have similar expression (co-expression). Failure to perform co-expression searches has lead to incorrect conclusions about the likely function of new genes, and has lead to wasted laboratory attempts to confirm functions incorrectly predicted. We present here the example of Glia Maturation Factor gamma (GMF-gamma). Despite its name, it has not been shown to participate in glia maturation. It is a gene of unknown function that is similar in sequence to GMF-beta. The sequence homology and chromosomal location led to an unsuccessful search for GMF-gamma mutations in glioma. We examined GMF-gamma expression in 1432 human cDNA libraries. Highest expression occurs in phagocytic, antigen-presenting and other hematopoietic cells. We found GMF-gamma mRNA in almost every tissue examined, with expression in nervous tissue no higher than in any other tissue. Our evidence indicates that GMF-gamma participates in phagocytosis in antigen presenting cells. Searches for genes with similar sequences should be supplemented with searches for genes with similar expression to avoid incorrect predictions.
The Intersection of the Child Welfare Profession and Maltreatment Fatalities

This chapter focuses on the intersection of the child welfare profession and maltreatment fatalities. The child welfare profession largely engages in the tertiary prevention of child maltreatment, meaning that workers respond to instances of abuse and neglect that have already occurred or where imminent risk of harm is present. Thus, CWWs are uniquely positioned to prevent the worst outcomes of maltreatment—the death of a child. Research in this area, however, shows that workers are inadequately prepared to prevent children dying from maltreatment, in that their knowledge of risk factors is particularly low. Further, CWWs report begin engaged with and monitoring families in the lead-up to a death. Unlike popular myth, research shows that CWWs who experience the death of a child on their caseload are not young, experienced, or uneducated, in fact, just the opposite. This chapter also explores how workers respond when a child on their caseload dies. Finally, there is discussion regarding how workers may miss warning signs leading up to a child maltreatment fatality.
Tunable Graphitic Carbon Nano-Onions Development in Carbon Nanofibers for Multivalent Energy Storage

We developed a novel porous graphitic carbon nanofiber material using a synthesis strategy combining electrospinning and catalytic graphitization. RF hydrogel was used as carbon precursors, transition metal ions were successfully introduced into the carbon matrix by binding to the carboxylate groups of a resorcinol derivative. Transition metal particles were homogeneously distributed throughout the carbon matrix, which are used as in-situ catalysts to produce graphitic fullerene-like nanostructures surrounding the metals. The success design of graphitic carbons with enlarged interlayer spacing will enable the multivalent ion intercalation for the development of multivalent rechargeable batteries.
Clinical applications of chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI

Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been developed and employed in multiple clinical imaging research centers worldwide. Selective radiofrequency (RF) saturation pulses with standard 2D and 3D MRI acquisition schemes are now routinely performed, and CEST MRI can produce semiquantitative results using magnetization transfer ratio asymmetry (MTRasym) analysis while accounting for B0 inhomogeneity. Faster clinical CEST MRI acquisition methods and more quantitative acquisition and analysis routines are under development. Endogenous biomolecules with amide, amine, and hydroxyl groups have been detected during clinical CEST MRI studies, and exogenous CEST agents have also been administered to patients. These CEST MRI tools show promise for contributing to assessments of cerebral ischemia, neurological disorders, lymphedema, osteoarthritis, muscle physiology, and solid tumors. This review summarizes the salient features of clinical CEST MRI protocols and critically evaluates the utility of CEST MRI for these clinical imaging applications. Level of Evidence: 5 Technical Efficacy: Stage 1 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:11–27.
A Woman on the Frontlines Against the Last Bastion of Colonialism in Brazil

While the process of independence in Brazil was a relatively peaceful political development, in contrast to the protracted wars of liberation in other Latin American countries, less attention has been paid to Brazil’s late-colonial revolts that challenged the country’s separation from Portugal, officially declared in 1822. Eager to keep the status quo and the benefits provided by it, a group of colonialists in the state of Bahia, backed by the Portuguese crown, did not obey the orders to disarm, thus posing for a considerable amount of time a staunch resistance to the nationalist, pro-independence forces under the command of the Brazilian emperor Pedro I. Battles ensued in the following months, and the independence was finally consolidated in July 1823, after a successful military campaign in which a young woman, Maria Quiteria de Jesus, played a critical role in the struggle against the Portuguese.
An “On-Cycle” Precatalyst Enables Room-Temperature Polyfluoroarylation Using Sensitive Boronic Acids

The use of fluorinated arylboronic acid building blocks in cross-coupling has remained challenging, because of their acute base sensitivity. We report a general solution to this problem using a true catalytic intermediate, Pd(PAd3)(p-FC6H4)Br, as a uniquely effective “on-cycle” precatalyst that allows Suzuki–Miyaura coupling to occur much faster than even the most severe protodeboronation side reactions. Control of boron speciation between the active acid and dormant ester forms was also found to play a critical role in balancing the rates of catalysis versus reagent decomposition. This method is compatible with any fluorination pattern, base-labile functional groups, and a range of bromo(hetero)arenes.
Homosexuality: The Behavioral Sciences and the Church:

Christian mental health professionals are frequently asked to comment on the issue of homosexuality and the church, and yet few are up-to-date on the current research concerning the questions they ...
Optimal Strategy in Tennis: A Simple Probabilistic Model

A simple probabilistic model describing the service strategy in tennis is given. It is suggested that the usual strategy may not be optimal in all cases. Examples from a recent professional tennis tournament are given.
Autoimmune pancerebellitis associated with pembrolizumab therapy.

Checkpoint proteins reduce immune-mediated responses to promote self-tolerance and prevent autoimmunity. Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) is a checkpoint receptor protein expressed on leukocytes that inactivates T cell–mediated immunity when bound to ligand PD-L1. Certain tumors can escape immune-mediated destruction by expressing high concentrations of PD-L1, evading host surveillance.1 PD-1 pathway inhibitors effectively treat multiple malignancies including melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, and squamous cell carcinoma.2 However, there is increasing recognition of immune-related adverse events (irAE) associated with checkpoint inhibitor therapy due to dysregulated immune system activation.1 We report immune-mediated cerebellitis following pembrolizumab.
A Survey of Carbon Market Mechanisms and Models

Climate change is one of the most important challenges of this century. Human activity, particularly that of the electric power sector, has played a dramatic role in exacerbating this scenario. This paper presents a brief survey of some of the policies that are being adopted around the world to tackle the challenge of emissions reductions, with specific focus on the power sector. We discuss some widely used policies such as renewable portfolio standards, feed-in tariffs, carbon taxes, and cap-and-trade, with more emphasis on the latter. We conclude the chapter with a detailed discussion of some of the simulation and mathematical programming models that have been developed to examine economic and environmental impacts of emissions control policies on electricity markets.
Abstract 841: Protection of normal tissues by DIM (3,3'-Diindolylmethane) during radiation therapy

96 Normal 0 false false false EN-US ZH-CN X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;} Despite advances in precision targeting of tumors by radiation therapy, local recurrence is still a serious problem due to the inability to sometimes deliver a sufficiently high dose of radiation to achieve tumor control without unacceptable late normal tissue and organ toxicity. DIM (3,39-diindolylmethane), a commercially available dietary supplement, has long been studied as a cancer prevention and anti-tumor agent. We are investigating DIM9s differential effects after radiation in tumor and normal tissues using a mouse model approach. We monitored tumor growth after localized radiation in a tumor engraftment model of MDA-MB-231 human breast carcinoma cells using immunocompromised NSG mice. The fractionated regimen consists of a total dose of 24 Gy in four fractions (6 Gy per fraction given every other day) with administration of DIM or vehicle at one hour prior to each fraction. DIM showed no significant effect on the growth of irradiated tumors, i.e. DIM did not affect the treatment efficacy of radiation on tumors. On the other hand, we are investigating the molecular mechanism of DIM9s radio-protective effects in normal tissues. Our transcriptomic data indicate that DIM treatment increases expression of some stress-responsive genes without causing DNA damage. Results to date indicate that DIM might delay radiation-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. The ultimate goal is to develop DIM as a clinical radioprotector in order to improve the therapeutic index by allowing higher doses of radiation to improve local tumor control by reducing late dose-limiting normal tissue toxicity by radiation. Citation Format: Renxiang Chen, Lijun Li, Loretta Y. Lin, Albert J. Fornace, Heng-Hong Li. Protection of normal tissues by DIM (3,39-Diindolylmethane) during radiation therapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 841.
A Conversation with Barry Boehm: Recollections from 50 Years of Software Engineering

Barry Boehm speaks with IEEE Software about his experiences throughout the history of software engineering. This article is part of a theme issue on software engineerings 50th anniversary.
Abstract 126: Relationship Between Visceral Infarction and Ischemic Stroke Subtype

Background: Most cryptogenic strokes are thought to have an embolic source. We sought to determine whether visceral infarcts, which are usually embolic, are associated with cryptogenic stroke. Meth...
Social media as third spaces? Exploring Muslim identity and connection in Tumblr:

Third spaces have been imagined as sites of resistance, where hegemonic and normative understandings of the world may be challenged. New media are often imagined to have this liberatory potential a...
Improving Clinic Operational Efficiency and Utilization with RTLS

New sources of operational data are leading to novel healthcare delivery system design and opportunities to support operational planning and decision-making. Technologies such as real time locating systems (RTLS) provide a unique view and understanding of how healthcare delivery settings behave and respond to operational design changes. In this paper RTLS data from an outpatient clinical setting is leveraged to identify the appropriate number of scheduled providers in order to improve the utilization of the clinical space while balancing the negative effects of clinic congestion. The approaches presented pair historical utilization rates for the clinical space with scheduled provider and patient volumes to support scheduling decisions in an operationally flexible clinic design. These historical data are augmented with clinic staff observation logs to identify target utilization rates as well as high congestion levels. Results are presented for two approaches: one where utilization of clinical space is a key performance metric and another where the decision-maker may be risk averse toward the use of provider time and use a probabilistic approach to determine provider staffing levels.
Abstract 489: Disruption of HuR-mediated VEGF-A mRNA Stabilization as a Mechanism of Age-related Defects in Arteriogenesis

Aging and age-related diseases like peripheral arterial disease are associated with impaired inflammatory arteriogenesis in response to injury. Macrophage expression of pro-inflammatory and pro-ang...
Pharmacokinetic Profile of Morphine in Parturients Following Intravenous or Epidural Administration

Background and Objectives. Study of the pharmacokinetic profile of morphine following intravenous or epidural administration in parturients undergoing elective cesarean delivery. Methods. Sixteen healthy parturients scheduled for elective cesarean delivery received lumbar epidural anesthesia to a T4 sensory level using lidocaine 2% with epinephrine 1:200,000. One hour after the last local anesthetic dose was given, patients were randomized to receive morphine 5 mg either intravenously (n = 8) or epidurally (n = 8). Venous blood samples were obtained at times 0, 0.033, 0.067, 0.1, 0.184, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours and urine specimens starting at 0.25 hour. Plasma and urine unconjugated and conjugated morphine levels were measured using radioimmunoassay. Results. After 15 minutes the plasma unconjugated morphine level was similar in the intravenous and epidural groups. Mean plasma concentration of unconjugated morphine at 0.033, 0.067, 0.1, and 0.184 hour in the intravenous group exceeded the corresponding values in the epidural group (P Conclusions. Compared to epidural administration, intravenous administration produces higher plasma morphine values in the first 15 minutes and greater urinary excretion of morphine with no significant difference in the subsequent disposition in the body.
Inverse Problems Involving PDEs with Applications to Imaging

In this chapter, we introduce the general idea of inverse problems particularly with applications to imaging. We use two well-known imaging modalities namely electrical impedance and diffuse optical tomography to introduce and describe inverse problems involving PDEs. We also discuss the mathematical difficulties and challenges for image reconstruction in practice. We describe both deterministic and statistical regularization techniques including Gauss–Newton method, Bayesian inversion, and sparsity approaches to provide a broad exposure to the field.
REDUCTION IN RADIATION AND CONTRAST DOSE IN TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT OVER TIME: A SINGLE-CENTER EXPERIENCE

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is recommended for severe aortic valve stenosis (AS). This study aims to evaluate the association between radiation dose, time and contrast dose in TAVR with improved experience over time. A Retrospective analysis of 570 patients with severe AS who