cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abnormalities in Intestinal Mucosal T Cells in Homosexual Populations Including Those With the Lymphadenopathy Syndrome and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Enteric infections are common in homosexual men. We have characterized the phenotypic distribution of small intestinal mononuclear cells among healthy homosexual men, homosexual men with lymphadenopathy syndrome, homosexual men with acquired immunode f iciency syndrome (AIDS), and a group of healthy heterosexual men. Total numbers of T lymphocytes in the small intestinal mucosa were significantly decreased in homosexual men with lymphadenopathy syndrome and AIDS. This decrease was most striking among the Leu-3a T-cell subset usually associated with helperlinducer function. The proportion of mucosal T cells reacting with Leu-2α (cytotoxic/suppressor phenotype) and lymphoid cells having the T305 antigen was significantly increased only in AIDS subjects. Both lymphadenopathy syndrome and AIDS subjects had a significant reversal of the normal mucosal helper/suppressor T-cell ratio. Mucosal helperlsuppressor T-cell ratios and the distribution of mucosal mononuclear cells were normal in healthy homosexual men, although the same individuals had reversed helper/suppressor ratios among circulating T cells. Enteric infections in healthy homosexual men likely reflect sexual practices, and not a primary abnormality in intestinal mucosal immunity. In contrast, specific abnormalities in intestinal mucosal immunity may contribute to the persistent and opportunistic enteric infections that occur in AIDS.
Integrating Data-Driven and Mechanistic Models of the Inflammatory Response in Sepsis and Trauma

Inflammation can drive both homeostasis and disease via dynamic, multiscale processes. The inflammatory response can be studied using multiplexed platforms, but there is no straightforward means by which to deal with the consequent “data deluge” in order to glean basic insights and clinically useful applications. Systems approaches, including data-driven and mechanistic computational modeling, have been employed in order to study the acute inflammatory response in the settings of trauma/hemorrhage and sepsis. Through combined data-driven and mechanistic modeling based on such “meso-dimensional” datasets, computational models of acute inflammation applicable to multiple preclinical species as well as humans were generated. A key hypothesis derived from these studies is that inflammation may be regulated via positive feedback loops that control switching between beneficial and detrimental inflammatory responses. Self-resolving inflammation may occur when specific signals feedback in a positive fashion to drive anti-inflammatory responses, while proinflammatory signals remain below certain thresholds. In contrast, self-amplifying, detrimental inflammation may occur when different signals feedback in a positive fashion to drive proinflammatory responses, setting in motion the positive feedback loop of inflammation → tissue damage/dysfunction → inflammation driven by damage-associated molecular pattern molecules. These insights may drive a future generation of targeted, personalized therapies for acute inflammation.
Electronic Discourse, Agency, and Organizational Change at Enron Corporation

This essay expands on Turnage’s (2013) examination of employees’ use of metaphor at the now defunct Enron Corporation. That article analyzed metaphors found in employee e-mail messages sent directly to former CEO Ken Lay before and during the Enron organizational crisis. Turnage argued that the metaphors employees used represented “organizational resistance through technological means.” Following that argument, the current essay more theoretically explores the role of e-mail messages as technological objects that can create, maintain, and instigate change in organizational discourse. Using actor-network theory, the analysis provides a rare, real-world example of “hybrid agency” taking place between user and technology.
Facing Down the Triple Threat of Influenza and Pneumococcal Disease in African Americans: Focusing on Prevention

Although anyone can get influenza or pneumococcal disease, African Americans face a triple threat from these serious vaccine-preventable illnesses. Compared with other racial and ethnic groups, African Americans: (1) have higher rates of influenza and pneumococcal morbidity and mortality; (2) are more likely to have underlying health problems that increase the risk of complications from these infections; and (3) are less likely to get vaccinated against them. This triple threat means African Americans bear a disproportionate burden of influenza and pneumococcal disease, underscoring the urgent need to act. As physicians, we must take the lead in improving the diagnosis and management of underlying conditions, being vigilant in controlling infections, and increasing vaccination rates to protect our patients. To meet the considerable challenges before us, we must use approaches known to promote vaccination within our usual practice settings and also find ways to extend our efforts beyond our clinic walls and engage the larger African American community.
Deflationism: the best thing since pizza and quite possibly better

I defend the deflationary theory of truth and reference I have proposed from the objections raised in Vann McGee’s “Thought, Thoughts, and Deflationism,” trying where possible to use arguments that other deflationists might find useful.
An old inhibitor with new tricks

Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) immunotherapy, which overcomes T cell immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment, has made headway in slowing the growth of multiple cancer types. Nevertheless, many tumors are only modestly responsive to this therapy. The next step in enhancing antitumor
Rapid changes of sunspot structure associated with solar eruptions

In this paper we summarize the studies of flare-related changes of photospheric magnetic fields. When vector magnetograms are available, we always find an increase of transverse field at the polarity inversion line (PIL). We also discuss 1 minute cadence line-of-sight MDI magnetogram observations, which usually show prominent changes of magnetic flux contained in the flaring δ spot region. The observed limb-ward flux increases while disk-ward flux decreases rapidly and irreversibly after flares. These observations provides evidences, either direct or indirect, for the theory and prediction of Hudson, Fisher & Welsch (2008) that the photospheric magnetic fields would respond to coronal field restructuring and turn to a more horizontal state near the PIL after eruptions. From the white-light observations, we find that at flaring PIL, the structure becomes darker after an eruption, while the peripheral penumbrae decay. Using high-resolution Hinode data, we find evidence that only dark fibrils in the “uncombed” penumbral structure disappear while the bright grains evolve to G-band bright points after flares.
Operative Techniques in Early-Stage Lung Cancer

Lung cancer is the most common cause of death by malignancy, responsible for more deaths than the next 4 causes combined and predicted to account for nearly 220,000 new cancer diagnoses and 160,000 deaths in 2009. The cornerstone of therapy for early-stage lung cancer is lobectomy and mediastinal lymph node dissection. Although lobectomy is considered the standard procedure, segmentectomy may be appropriate for selected patients. Conventional approaches to resection may be used, including posterolateral and muscle-sparing thoracotomy. However, minimally invasive lobectomy and segmentectomy procedures are now commonly used with superior outcomes.
Hydrogen Sulfide Sensing Using Lab-on-a-Chip Device for Biomedical and Environmental Use

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) detection is an important capability for applications that range from environmental to biomedical use. In medical application, hydrogen sulfide may be an effective marker for various cardiovascular diseases. This work reports progress on H2S detection using a unique lab-on-a-chip device designed specifically for both environmental and biomedical applications. The chip consisted of three distinct layers of PEO/PDMS structures which have been bonded using various techniques including Reactive Ion Etching (RIE). First layer consisted of capillary channels to organize the flow of the sample. Also, liberation of the sulfide took place at this layer. The second layer was a H2S selective membrane. The third layer consisted of trapping chamber where trapped H2S samples were withdrawn for the quantification of H2S concentration. Fabrication of the first layer was accomplished using photolithography technique. Specifically, the chip incorporated unique design features and operation with advanced liberating chemistry that effectively released H2S from aqueous solutions introduced to the device. Mixture of poly-dimethylsiloxane-ethylene oxide polymeric (PDMS-b-PEO) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was cast on Su8 mold which produced super hydrophilic channels that allowed liquid flow via capillary action. The chip has been both fabricated and characterized as reported in this work. For each sample, 150 μL of the reaction volume was loaded in an HPLC vial and analyzed by a Shimadzu Prominence HPLC equipped with fluorescence detection and an eclipse XDB-C18 column. Sulfide transfer increased steadily at a rate of approximately 2% per minute until peaking at approximately 60% at 30 minutes. Percent transfer data show that sulfide diffused into the trapping chamber in a reproducible manner and that it was stable once it reached its peak at 30 minutes. Characterization and testing of the fully assembled device indicates significant promise and utility. Additional improvements may be made by optimizing parameters such as the decreasing ratio of the chamber volumes to the membrane area and the membrane thickness. The performance of this microfludic device was attributed to hydrophilic surface of PEO/PDMS, strong bonding of the chip using 3M transfer tape and well suited PDMS membrane that allow selective diffusion of hydrogen sulfide.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Etiological Surveillance of Infectious Diarrhea in Baotou City during 2003—2006

[Objective] To investigate the occurrence,epidemic characteristics,epidemic tendency and bacterial distribution features of diarrhea in Baotou city,and provide reference basis for the prevention and clinical treatment.[Methods]Stool specimens from patients with acute diarrhea were collected by using anus swab,and then conducted to increase the fungus and inoculated four kinds of culture medium(alkalinity protein peptone water,SS,EMB,Chinese blue plate) separately for Vibrio cholera,salmonella,and E.colic tests.[Results] Of 1028 specimens,82 were detected Pathogens,including shigellosis(86.58%),salmonella and E.colic,the detecting rate was 7.98%.[Conclusion] The detection results which was mainly in shigellosis reveal pathogenic bacterial diarrhea spectrum of Baotou City.
Forestland Parcelization in the New York City Watershed

New York City's (NYC) water supply system is the largest unfiltered surface storage and supply system in the country. Forests cover 89 percent of the Catskill/Delaware systems, with 75 percent of the forest area owned by non-industrial private forestland (NIPF) owners. The results describe the degree of parcelizotion on private forestlands in four of the five counties within the Catskill/Delawore systems of the NYC Watershed between 1984 and 2000. Parcelization on NIPF in the eastern half of the Catskill/Delaware systems is occurring at a rate exceeding the national average. The overage parcel size is 14 acres, 10 acres below the current national average for NIPF, and already below the projected national NIPF overage parcel size of 17 acres for 2010. Changes in land use and development on private lands threaten the quality of the NYC water supply.
The Nature of Justification

Knowledge is obviously something more than true belief. If a person believes something on the basis of evidence, but happens to be right by accident, he has a true belief, but not knowledge. What is this “something more” that is needed to turn true belief into knowledge? We may say that it is that the belief must be justified. Broadly speaking, two theories have been offered to explain this notion. According to one, it is a question of how the person arrived at the belief. If the processes leading to belief are reliable, his true belief amounts to knowledge; otherwise, he has true belief that falls short. The emphasis here is on the historical antecedents of the belief and the reliability of the processes leading to it (see, e.g., Goldman, 1979). A second theory takes the processes to be irrelevant and holds that justifiedness is solely a function of the strength and relevance of the evidence for the proposition. If the person’s “total evidence” is adequate, the true belief is justified and hence knowledge. Here the emphasis is on the logical relations that exist among the person’s beliefs.
Structure of C 14 and B 14 from the C 14 , 15 ( d , He 3 ) B 13 , 14 reactions

We have studied the $^{14,15}\mathrm{C}(d,^{3}\mathrm{He})^{13,14}\mathrm{B}$ proton-removing reactions in inverse kinematics. The $(d,^{3}\mathrm{He})$ reaction probes the proton occupation of the target ground state, and also provides spectroscopic information about the final states in $^{13,14}\mathrm{B}$. The experiments were performed using $^{14,15}\mathrm{C}$ beams from the ATLAS accelerator at Argonne National Laboratory. The reaction products were analyzed with the HELIOS device. Angular distributions were obtained for transitions from both reactions. The $^{14}\mathrm{C}$-beam data reveal transitions to excited states in $^{13}\mathrm{B}$ that suggest configurations with protons outside the $\ensuremath{\pi}(0{p}_{3/2})$ orbital, and some possibility of proton cross-shell $0p\text{\ensuremath{-}}1s0d$ excitations, in the $^{14}\mathrm{C}$ ground state. The $^{15}\mathrm{C}$-beam data confirm the existence of a broad ${2}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ excited state in $^{14}\mathrm{B}$. The experimental data are compared to the results of shell-model calculations.
Detection of Renal Stones on Portal Venous Phase CT: Comparison of Thin Axial and Coronal Maximum-Intensity-Projection Images

OBJECTIVE. The objective of our study was to determine the sensitivity of thin axial and coronal maximum-intensity-projection (MIP) images for the detection of renal stones on contrast-enhanced CT performed in the portal venous phase. MATERIALS AND METHODS. This retrospective study included 72 patients, 59 of whom had at least one renal stone, who underwent unenhanced CT immediately followed by contrast-enhanced CT in the portal venous phase. Two abdominal imaging fellowship-trained radiologists independently recorded the number of stones on both thin (1–1.50 mm) axial and 5-mm coronal MIP images in the portal venous phase. The reference standard was determined by consensus review of the thin axial unenhanced images. Reviewer sensitivity was calculated and categorized by stone diameter. RESULTS. One hundred forty-eight stones were present; the mean number of stones per patient was 2.5 (SD, 2.7). The mean stone size was 2.5 mm (SD, 2.7). The sensitivity of thin axial images was 89.9%, 99.0%, and 100.0% for...
A Model Rural Health Orientation Course Using Interdisciplinary, Community Oriented, Inquiry Based Strategies.

Introduction to Rural Health was developed as the introductory course for the Community Partnerships in Health Education - a new curriculum educating students using interdisciplinary, community oriented, and inquiry based strategies. Medical students, nursing students, and public health students participated in an elective curriculum designed to teach interdisciplinary groups of students to deliver primary health care in under-served communities. The curriculum began with an intensive one-week course designed to introduce students to the community, its people, their health care needs, and the process of working in interdisciplinary groups. The course was taught using a variety of community based activities. Student evaluations indicated that students strongly agreed that the course objectives were met using this nontraditional methodology. Qualitative analysis indicated that students regarded the team-building aspects of the course as the most influential. Community members indicated a high level of satisfaction with their input in the developmental process and with the extent to which community resources and interests were included.
Contemporary Concepts for Correction of Neck Contour Deformities

Why is neck contour correction needed? Both men and women know a well-contoured neck is an artistic necessity for an attractive and pleasing appearance. The neck can indicate (Fig. 26.1): Fitness or obesity Vitality Strength Sensuality Beauty or elegance Masculinity or femininity Health or disease Age Frequently it is not enough to perform only liposuction and tighten skin. Platysma muscle tightening will not overcome deep layer problems. The anatomical problems should be diagnosed and corrected. By utilizing at the same time deeper layer facelift and neck lift techniques including contour correction and support with the superficial musculo-aponeurotic system (SMAS) and platysma muscle, attractive contours can be restored or formed.
Shaping the future of Medicare.

Abstract This article suggests that further major changes in Medicare at this time are unwarranted. The enactment of the Balanced Budget Act (BBA) has eliminated the need for quick action to assure solvency of the Part A Trust Fund, which is projected to be in balance for at least ten years. It will take time to implement and assess the effects of the BBA. The uncertainties of future trends in the health sector and Medicare suggest a go-slow approach. Future reforms to finance health care as the baby boom generation retires should be guided by the goals of continuing to assure health and economic security to elderly and disabled beneficiaries, with particular attention to the financial burdens on lower-income beneficiaries and those with serious illnesses or chronic conditions. Employers are cutting back on retiree health coverage, and the appropriate contribution of employers will need to be addressed. The BBA included major provisions to expand Medicare managed care choices. Special attention will need to be given to how well these innovations work, their cost impact on Medicare, the extent to which beneficiaries are able to make informed choices, and whether risk selection among plans and between traditional Medicare and plans can be adequately addressed. Most of the savings of BBA came from tighter payment rates to managed care plans and fee-for-service providers; it is unclear whether these will lead to rates well below the private sector or whether further savings can be achieved by extending these changes beyond 2002.
Design considerations for in-situ capping of contaminated sediments

In-Situ Capping (ISC) is defined as the placement of a subaqueous covering or cap of clean or suitable isolating material over an in-situ deposit of contaminated sediment. ISC is a potentially economical and effective approach for remediation of contaminated sediment. A number of sites have been remediated by in-situ capping operations worldwide. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) has developed detailed guidelines for planning, designing, constructing, and monitoring in-situ capping projects for the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). This paper briefly describes the major aspects of in-situ capping as an option and provides a summary of recent case studies.
Food and Identity in England, 1540–1640: Eating to Impress. By Paul S. Lloyd. (London, United Kingdom: Bloomsbury Academic, 2015. Pp. xiv, 245. $112.00.)

The idea that foods can help build identity is not new. Eating corned beef in March can be a declaration of one's ethnicity or homage to the Irish. In the United States, the Thanksgiving turkey is ...
Call of Duty: A Framework for Auditors’ Ethical Decisions

This chapter examines the concept of duty as it applies to audit professionalism. Providing professional literature, examples from practice, and research as support, we assert that duty as an ethical perspective is often subordinated to consequentialist calculations in audit practice. Focus on public interest, a defining attribute of professionalism, tends to fall casualty to self-interested considerations when auditors ignore duty. We explore the concept of professionalism and the roles of duty and virtue in auditing, contrasting them with consequentialism. Then, we examine three obligations of the audit professional—requiring truth-telling, dissenting and confronting, and honestly self-assessing independence and professionalism. Through increased awareness of and attention to duty, auditors may be more able to fulfill their obligations in each of these areas. Making more balanced ethical decisions that are informed by duty could help auditors to maintain professionalism.
Fuzzy Arrival/Service Rates

In this chapter we will model the system using the arrival rate λ and the service rate μ for any server. This is a common method used in queuing theory ([1],[2]). We first discuss the crisp model. The system has c parallel and identical servers, system capacity M (in the servers and in the queue) and an infinite calling source. The λ rate will be state independent, which means that λ does not depend on how many customers are in the system. But if there are n customers in the system, then the rate of departure from the whole system is μ n = nμ, for 1 ≤ n <c and μ n = cμ, for c ≤ n ≤ M.
A Quality-Aware Multi-Level Data Aggregation Approach to Manage Smart Grid AMI Traffic

The inclusion of various intelligent electronic devices such as smart meters for AMI is expected to result in intermittent or frequent communications network congestion if additional network infrastructure investments are not made. One approach to deal with such a data volume challenge in smart grids without additional investments to increase network capacity is to aggregate data streams within the network whenever network congestion happens, but this needs to be done carefully so as not to significantly impact the applications that need the data. This paper proposes a novel approach to manage AMI data traffic volume in multi-level data collection trees through data aggregation that estimates the expected network delays messages would suffer and dynamically determines an aggregation policy to be applied at forwarding nodes of the tree to reduce the network delays with which the electric utility can get the necessary information. The proposed algorithm is evaluated for different network congestion scenarios using the NS-3 simulator. The results illustrate that the algorithm is immensely effective in controlling the increase in network latencies as congestion levels increase in AMI networks. In addition, it does well in satisfying quality-of-service (QoS) requirements in terms of the data granularity required by smart grid applications.
MECHANISMS INFORMING INTERVENTIONS: NEW APPROACHES TO TREATING LATE-LIFE DEPRESSION: Session 107

Abstract Late-life depression is characterized by medical comorbidity and deficits in cognitive function, specifically in cognitive control deficits. These medical and cognitive factors are associated with poor antidepressant responses, and even when response occurs, rates are often poor and limited. Moreover, remission may not persist and depressed elders are at a high risk of recurrence. Current antidepressant treatments are not only limited in the benefit they provide to affective symptoms, but typically do not benefit the comorbid medical problems and cognitive deficits common in this population. There is a substantial need for new treatment approaches that are both more robust and benefit these comorbid medical and cognitive domains. Across presentations, this symposium focuses on novel treatment approaches for late-life depression. Sessions will be framed within NIMH's Experimental Therapeutics paradigm, with discussions on the underlying mechanism and proposed targets for engagement. Given the clinical population, sessions will further integrate how treatments may provide benefit beyond mood symptoms. The first sessions will examine novel pharmacological treatments of drugs that may be repurposed for late-life depression. This includes findings from a recent trial examining the clinical effect and mechanisms of treatment response of buprenorphine in older adults with treatment resistant depression. Next will be a presentation of results from a pilot trial of transdermal nicotine patches in depressed elders with subjective cognitive decline. These results include clinical and cognitive results, but also pilot neuroimaging results examining potential drug mechanisms. We then shift to discuss a computerized cognitive remediation approach, examining a video game intervention targeting the cognitive control network with the goal of improving both mood and executive function. Finally, the panel discussant will put these findings in context of past intervention studies in late-life depression. This will include a discussion on how to optimize current antidepressant medications and discuss the rationale of the PCORI-funded OPTIMUM study of treatment-resistant older adults.
Esophageal perforations: one is bad, two is worse.

A 48-year-old man was admitted for medical management of recurrent Clostridium difficile (C-dif) colitis. One month prior to presentation, he underwent right thoracotomy and lower lobectomy for a carcinoid tumor at another hospital. His postoperative course was complicated by C-dif colitis, gastroesophageal reflux, and epigastric pain. He underwent two esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) procedures demonstrating mild esophagitis on the first procedure, followed by a linear ulcer on the second procedure 2 weeks later. On hospital day 9 of his current admission, he developed an acute abdomen and underwent an urgent exploratory laparotomy for presumed fulminant colitis. Findings included a healthy-appearing colon with only moderate distension, so a loop ileostomy was created for antegrade colonic irrigation. Postoperatively, a chest X-ray demonstrated a tension-appearing left pleural effusion, prompting tube thoracostomy placement. Initial output was greater than 2L of thin dark-brown fluid. An esophagram demonstrated a distal esophageal perforation (EP) and EGD was performed. Two medium-sized EPs were identified which appeared to arise from chronic-appearing ulcerations, one at 39 cm and one at 45 cm from the incisors (figure 1). A single 19mm×100 mm EndoMAXX fully covered stent was placed. Video-assisted thoracoscopic (VATS) drainage of the left hemithorax was performed in addition to placement of a right tube thoracostomy. Due to continued high output from the left thoracostomy tube, the stent was exchanged for a longer 23mm×100mm EndoMAXX fully covered stent. The patient stabilized for several days but again developed worsened sepsis, with EGD demonstrating inadequate coverage of the proximal perforation. What would you have done? Repeat esophageal stenting with wide drainage of the thoracic cavity. Esophageal T-tube placement and wide drainage of the thoracic cavity. Esophageal resection with gastrostomy drainage and proximal diversion. Bilateral tube thoracostomies and antibiotic/antifungal therapy.
The South Central Los Angeles Eruption: A Latino Perspective

(1993). The South Central Los Angeles Eruption: A Latino Perspective. Amerasia Journal: Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 69-86.
Large-Scale Planar Arrays with Orthogonal Elements for 5G Mobile Terminals

A set of two 1x12 linear antenna arrays, placed orthogonally, designed for operation in the 5G 28 GHz band is presented in this paper. Microstrip patch antenna elements with better than -10 dB return loss from 27.5-28.35 GHz are used for both arrays. A Dolph-Tschebyscheff excitation weighting and optimum spacing are used to achieve a gain of 15 dBi or better over a scanning range of +/- 60° from broadside.
High Yield of Screening for ADHD in the Epilepsy Monitoring Unit

Objective: ADHD is common in patients with epilepsy, but adult patients with possible epilepsy are not routinely screened for ADHD. We aimed to characterize the results of two validated screening tools in the setting of an Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (EMU). Method: This study utilized the validated Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale version 1.1 (ASRS) and Conners Continuous Performance Test, third edition (CPT-III) to screen patients who were admitted to the EMU at a Level 4 epilepsy center. Patients with epileptic seizures (ES) were compared with patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES). Results: In all, 40.6% of patients screened positive using the ASRS. A significantly greater proportion of patients with PNES (63.6%) screened positive compared with patients with ES (27.8%, Fisher's exact test, p = .005). Positive ASRS screens showed no significant association with positive CPT screens (chi-square test, p = .146). Conclusion: Adult patients admitted to the EMU are at a high risk of comorbid attention deficits.
An evaluation of dimethyl fumarate for the treatment of relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis

In recent years there has been a dramatic rise in available disease-modifying therapies for the treatment of relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS). Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is an oral drug approved by t...
A long-term survival case of unresectable gastric cancer with multidisciplinary therapy including immunotherapy and abscopal effect

The prognosis of unresectable gastric cancer remains poor. Multidisciplinary treatment of unresectable gastric cancer is, therefore, thought to be essential for improving patients' outcomes. Here, we report a successful case of multidisciplinary therapy for unresectable gastric cancer. The patient was a 69-year-old woman who was diagnosed with type 2 gastric cancer with remote lymph node metastases and peritoneal dissemination. Although shrinkage of the primary lesion and remote lymph nodes were observed following chemotherapy, we performed distal gastrectomy to deal with continuous bleeding from the primary lesion. Combination therapy with radiation and chemotherapy was effective for multiple metastases in both subclavian lymph nodes and metachronous multiple axillary lymph nodes. Nivolumab combined with radiation therapy also induced regression of remote lymph node metastases, peritoneal dissemination, and adrenal metastasis. Abscopal effects, i.e., shrinkage of the non-irradiated lesions, were also observed. Thus far, the patient has been able to maintain a good quality of life while receiving continued nivolumab therapy. Multidisciplinary therapy including immunotherapy and abscopal effect may improve the quality of life and contribute to long-term survival of patients with unresectable gastric cancer.
On the Average Rate for Coded Caching with Heterogeneous User Profiles

Coded caching utilizes pre-fetching during off-peak hours and multi-casting for delivery in order to balance the traffic load in communication networks. Most of the existing research focuses on reducing the peak transmission rates with homogeneous file popularities, despite modern systems are often able to categorize users by their preferences and tend to care more about the average rather than peak rate. This paper considers a scenario with heterogeneous user profiles and analyzes the average transmission rates for three coded caching schemes under the assumption that each user can only request a subset of the total available files. In addition, it evaluates the average rate of the three schemes when the number of files is much larger than the number of users and the amount of cache memory. Furthermore, it proposes methods of cache allocations which minimize the average rate when the users have relatively small storage. Our results demonstrate connections between cache distributions which result in minimal average rate and peak rate.
A Community-Based Program for Exercise and Social Participation for Individuals With Parkinson's Disease: A Multidisciplinary Model

Purpose Parkinson's disease (PD) is a multifaceted condition characterized by motor and nonmotor symptoms that greatly reduce individuals' quality of life. Although treatment models in speech thera...
I Want to Row Across the Atlantic. But You Have Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

ABSTRACT We describe an individual with slowly progressive amyotrophic lateral sclerosis who decided to enter the Talisker Whisky Atlantic Challenge, a rowing event across the Atlantic Ocean, and completes it in 51 days in a 5-man boat.
EESM-log-AR: an efficient error model for OFDM MIMO systems over time-varying channels

Packet-level network simulators such as ns-3 rely on efficient PHY layer abstraction represented by the packet error model for estimating link performance. For complex PHY layer designs - such as operating over frequency-selective MIMO wireless channels - the runtime of the state-of-the-art error model suggested by Task Group of IEEE 802.11ax (TGax) suffers from scaling with MIMO dimensionality and bandwidth. While our prior work proposes a runtime-efficient error model in the context of Independent and Identically Distributed (IID) frequency-selective MIMO channels, here we consider the time-varying frequency-selective MIMO channels that correlate over time. Our new error model is based on the insight that our previous workflow for the IID channel scenario can be extended using autoregressive modeling to the time-correlated case. We validate the hypothesis via link simulation campaigns and show that the runtime and storage complexity of the proposed error model is low compared to existing error models.
Cardiovascular Disease Prevention During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons Learned and Future Opportunities

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been the defining healthcare issue since its outbreak, consuming healthcare systems and disrupting all aspects of human life throughout 2020 and continuing through 2021. When reviewing cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, the first tendency may be to focus on the negative disruption. Months of quarantine, isolation, and missed healthcare visits or delayed care may have exacerbated the epidemic of CVD in the United States. Looking back, however, perhaps it wasn't a lost year as much as a health crisis that better prepared us for the battle to improve cardiovascular health. The pandemic brought new platforms for interacting with patients eager to engage, presenting a unique opportunity to reset how we approach preventive care. In this review, we discuss what the pandemic has taught us about caring for those vulnerable patients who were most afflicted-older adults, persons of color, and people facing adverse socioeconomic circumstances-and who continue to be impacted by CVD. We also identify opportunities for enhanced CVD prevention now boosted by the overnight adoption of telemedicine and other innovative cardiac care models. Lastly, we discuss how the COVID-19 pandemic has motivated physicians and patients alike to prioritize our health above all else, if only transiently, and how we can leverage this increased health awareness and investment into long-term, meaningful disease prevention.
“Not for Everyone”: Transformations of Italian Calcio in the Digital Age

The age of new media has changed soccer and soccer fans. In the past, clubs primarily focused on promoting the value of their brands through merchandise and the image of top players, while fans wer...
Property Rights, Land Circulation and Off-Farm Labor Supply: Evidence From a Land Tenure Reform in China

Weak property rights over land prevent efficient allocation of production factors in the developing world. Farmers who lack title secure access to the land they work by providing evidence of productive use. The ``use it or lose it'' principle leads to a thin land rental market and a misallocation of labor between economic sectors. Leverage a land tenure reform in China starting in the late 1990s, I investigate the extent to which secure property rights increase allocative efficiency of land and labor. I exploit implementation of land policies with staggered timing to show that secure property rights led to 1) more land rental participants and a higher share of rented farmland and 2) a reallocation of rural labor towards the non-farm sector. To examine if there is a redistribution of farmland to productive farmers, I estimate a discrete choice model in which leases are categorized based on the relationships between landlords and tenants. The estimation shows that secure property rights lead to landlord-tenant matches that are less driven by relationship and location, indicating a more efficient allocation of land. I further apply the model to labor allocation and find that off-farm workers are more likely to migrate out of their hometowns than to work locally. I finally estimate the welfare impact of the land reform and find that a one standard deviation increase in land right intensity leads to 25\% increase in durable goods consumption.
Cover crops control nitrogen and phosphorus transport from two agricultural watersheds at multiple measurement scales

Abstract Environmental impacts on freshwater ecosystems persist due to inputs of excess fertilizer to agricultural landscapes. Conservation efforts, such as cover crops, are being encouraged to reduce nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) runoff from fields, but their effects on working lands are rarely documented. We quantified reductions of nitrate-N and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) losses from cropland in response to widespread planting of cover crops in two agricultural watersheds (Indiana, USA) over four water years (2016–2019). We collected water samples bimonthly from tile drains and stream sites to measure nitrate-N and SRP losses across scales. Cover crops consistently reduced tile drain nitrate-N loss by 27–72%, while SRP reductions were more variable, ranging from 7%–58%. Subwatershed nitrate-N yields were consistent across each watershed, while headwaters disproportionately contributed SRP to the stream, suggesting targeted cover crop implementation may be required to reduce SRP export. Finally, watershed-scale nitrate-N export was reduced by 2–67% (5/8 site-years) and SRP export by 31–88% (7/8 site-years) in spring. However, given the effect of interannual variability in runoff and spatial heterogeneity in N and P loading, regional-scale planting of cover crops may be needed to confer consistent reductions in annual export, with meaningful impacts on downstream water quality.
Chapter 21 – Copepoda

Publisher Summary Copepods are one of the most successful groups of animals on Earth. Their high densities in the world's oceans make copepods one of the most abundant metazoan groups. The Laurentian Great Lakes, which contain another 20% of the world's unfrozen freshwater, are also dominated by copepods, as are other notable lakes such as Lake Tahoe in the United States and many lakes in the Southern Hemisphere. The plankton of Arctic, Antarctic, and high-elevation alpine lakes around the world is often dominated by just one or two species of large red copepods containing pigments that protect them from damage by UV radiation. Free-living freshwater copepods can be distinguished from other small aquatic invertebrates by a variety of morphological characteristics. They have a somewhat cylindrical, segmented body with numerous segmented appendages on the head and thorax, and two setose caudal rami on the posterior end of the abdomen. They possess an exoskeleton, conspicuous first antennae, and a single, simple, anterior eye. The defining apomorphy of the Copepoda is the structure of their swimming legs, each pair of which is connected at the base by a “coupler” or “intercoxal sclerite.” This chapter focuses on the four orders that contain the widespread, abundant, and primarily free-living copepods (Calanoida, Cyclopoida, Harpacticoida, and Gelyelloida), of which there are over 5500 described species. The calanoids include about 2300 species, of which about 550 are freshwater; there are over 800 species of freshwater cyclopoids; and the harpacticoids include approximately 3600 species, of which some 1120 can be found inland, mostly in freshwaters. The remaining order, Gelyelloida, includes two free-living species in the genus Gelyella from subterranean habitats in Europe, and another from a single location in North America.
Compact Hypercubes: Properties and Recognition

The binary hypercube, although a versatile multiprocessor network, has a draw back: its size must be a power of two. In order to alleviate this draw back, we define the concept of an n-node Compact Hypercube CH(n) which deals with the problem of computation with incomplete hypercubes. We show how to construct a hypercube like structure for any number n that can be easily upgraded to a complete hypercube. This concept allows the algorithms to work efficiently even if hypercubes are incomplete. Development of algorithms on compact hypercubes further allow us to efficiently execute several algorithms concurrently on a complete hypercube.
Hot News on Mercury's Core

Radar measurements show that the outer core of Mercury is molten, providing insight into the planet's history and the origin of its magnetic field.
Alteration of Tryptophan-mediated Regulation in Neurospora crassa by Indoleglycerol Phosphate

Abstract The accumulation of imidazoleglycerol phosphate during growth of Neurospora crassa in the presence of 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole was found to cause derepression of tryptophan synthetase and to inhibit the induction of kynureninase. Accumulation of indoleglycerol phosphate in response to growth in the presence of indole acrylic acid or anthranilic acid was also accompanied by derepressed synthesis of tryptophan synthetase. Enzyme synthesis in mutants (his-7 and trp-4) unable to form these intermediates was not altered under similar conditions. The rate of formation of tryptophan synthetase and kynureninase was found to differ in the presence of tryptophan and indole.
Behavioral modeling for stability in multi-chip power modules

Since fast switching is an essential part of the value of wide bandgap devices (i.e., silicon carbide and gallium nitride power transistors) it is imperative that the designers of high-power modules using WBG devices have modeling and simulation tools to manage the “near RF” dynamic behavior of the system in order to preclude instability and to manage electromagnetic emission. The behavioral modeling reported in this work is computationally efficient for use in high-power multi-chip-module (MCM) package layout and die integration. Physics-based modeling is used to form a multiport S-parameter behavioral model. Comparison in the frequency domain is made between theoretical and experimental linear S-parameters for an exemplar direct bonded copper (DBC) board. Time domain experimental results are shown as a reference for future time-domain MCM performance evaluations using the S-parameter models.
Oscillator strengths for the X1Σ+ —A1Π system in CH+ from the equations of motion method

The equations of motion method is used to study the X^1Σ^+ —A^1Π system in CH^+. In a computationally simple scheme, these calculations, which were done in modest sized basis sets, provide transition moments and oscillator strengths that agree well with the best CI calculations to date.
Input compression and efficient VLSI architectures for rank order and stack filters

Abstract Rank-order-based filters include rank-order filters, stack filters, and weighted order statistic filters. The output of a rank-order-based filter is always one of the sample points in its input window; which one is chosen depends only upon the ranks and positions of the samples within the window. This paper introduces new architectures for rank-order-based filters. They all achieve fast, efficient operation by exploiting an algorithm called input compression . Under this algorithm, the sample points in the input window are first mapped to their relative ranks — the sample points in a window of size N + 1 would thus be mapped to the integers 0− N . The rank-order-based filter to be implemented is then applied directly to this compressed input, and the rank chosen is then mapped back to the sample of that rank in the original data to obtain the final output. This approach has been used to implement rank-order filters, in which case the same rank is always chosen from the compressed data. In this paper, which rank is chosen also depends on the positions of the ranks in the compressed data. Implementations employing input compression have several advantages. They are computationally efficient like running order sorters, yet can be pipelined to a fine degree like sorting networks. In stack filter implementations, the threshold decomposition circuitry can be eliminated when input compression is combined with unary encoding of the ranks. Weighted order statistic filter implementations based on input compression can support programmable, noninteger weights.
Attenuation of Japanese Encephalitis Virus by Selection of Its Mouse Brain Membrane Receptor Preparation Escape Variants

Abstract Six variants of Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus strain P3 were selected for resistance to binding to mouse brain membrane receptor preparations (MRP). All but one of these MRP escape (MRP R ) variants were significantly attenuated in mice for both neuroinvasiveness (>200-fold) and neurovirulence (>500-fold) compared to their parent virus. Attenuated mouse brain MRP R variants could be detected in the sera of mice following either intracerebral (i.c.) or intraperitoneal inoculation, whereas virus was detected only in brains of mice following ic inoculation. Immunization of mice with MRP R s induced neutralizing antibodies and protected mice against challenge with wild-type JE virus. A common amino acid mutation was found in the envelope (E) protein gene of all attenuated mouse brain MRP R variants at residue E-306 compared to P3 virus grown in mosquito C6-36 cells or plaque purified and amplified in monkey kidney Vero cells. This amino acid is putatively responsible for attenuation due to alteration in binding of JE virus to its cell receptor in mouse brain. The methodology developed in this study has general applicability to the attenuation of virulence of viruses and to the identification of agents that will block amino acids in a viral attachment protein(s) that interacts with cell receptors.
A closer look at mutation in genetic algorithms

This paper examines the influence of mutation on the behavior of genetic algorithms through a series of examples and experiments. The results provide an existence proof that mutation is a far more profound operator than has ever been recognized. Implications are discussed which point to the importance of open questions concerning genetic algorithms. The paper also reviews the implementation of the infinite population model of Vose which forms the computational basis of this investigation.