cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Adsorption on flat surfaces. II. Low-energy surfaces

Abstract Contact angles and gravimetric adsorption isotherms have been measured for a series of alkanes on aluminum foil modified by adsorbed alcohol molecules. The results are in reasonable accord with the previous conclusion that a monolayer of a straight-chain alcohol containing three or more carbon atoms is sufficient to mask the high-energy character of the oxidized foil surface. In addition, it has been found that moderately large contact angles and surface pressures can coexist on the lowenergy surfaces so generated.
Formation of spectral lines in planetary atmospheres—III. The use of analytic scattering diagrams in computations of synthetic spectra for cloudy atmospheres

Results of some comparisons that have been made of line profiles and equivalent widths computed from atmospheric models where the scattering has been represented by the Mie theory and a simple analytic expression, the Heyney-Greenstein function. These results show that the spectroscopic features for these models are indistinguishable and demonstrate the value of using this simple analytic function in terms of the great saving in computer time when computing synthetic spectra for any cloudy planetary atmosphere.
Native uses of wetlands and natural resources planning : The Swinomish Indian Tribal Community's Wetlands Cultural Assessment

Wetlands are defined based upon the presence of three essential characteristics: hydrophytic vegetation; hydric soils; and wetland hydrology. Wetland inventory and wetland habitat assessments are conducted in areas where wetlands need to be identified and ranked for regulatory protection measures. Typically the following methods are used: 1) identify wetlands through existing resources and produce a preliminary wetland inventory, 2) field verify wetlands, 3) assess wetland functions and values, and 4) develop watershed ranking. In order to evaluate and assess the relative importance or level to which a wetland performs a specific function, a functional assessment of the field-verified wetlands is conducted. Detailed scientific knowledge of wetland functions, sometimes known as functions and values, is often limited, so that evaluations of the functions of individual wetlands are qualitative and largely dependent upon professional judgment. Wetland functional valuations are still an evolving science. There...
The Pay Gap between Male and Female Jobs: Organizational and Legal Realities

Legalizing Gender Inequality results from a decade of research in which Robert Nelson, a sociologist of law, combined forces with William Bridges, a sociologist who has studied labor markets. This combination led to an unusual and creative approach. The authors chose four class-action court cases involving sex discrimination in pay, and did in-depth studies of the judicial decisions, testimony, exhibits, and depositions from each. They also obtained and reanalyzed statistical data sets involved in the cases and, where possible, interviewed key actors.
Mesenchymal hamartoma of the liver in infants

Mesenchymal hamartoma of the liver is a rare benign tumor of childhood which has been confused with various other benign liver lesions, particularly vascular hamartomas which are mesodermal but not mesenchymal. The mass, frequently cystic, is characterized by an admixture of epithelial structures in a loose connective tissue stroma with fluid accumulation suggestive of lymphangiomatous channels. Four patients are presented and reviewed with 25 previously reported cases. The patients, usually asymptomatic, present during the first two years of life with progressive abdominal distention, which may be rapid because of increasing fluid content in the connective tissue stroma and cysts. Exploration and biopsy may be necessary before definitive excision. The present cases include a newborn, the youngest known, and a case in which radiation resulted in hyalinization of the mesenchyme, decrease in fluid content, and easlier resection. Respiratory distress and signs of vena caval obstruction due to intra-abdominal pressure were noted. Prognosis after extirpation is very good. Cancer 42:2483–2489, 1978.
Systematic desensitization adapted for a deaf client

Abstract This case illustrates the use of modified systematic desensitization in reducing a deaf client's severe test anxiety. Effects normally achieved by the therapist's relaxing tone of voice were approached using color cues, and smooth, monotonous presentations of printed instructions. The client's fear of being controlled by his hearing therapist was overcome by having him direct the therapist's performance rather than the other way around.
All-Catalytic, Efficient, and Asymmetric Synthesis of α,ω-Diheterofunctional Reduced Polypropionates via “One-Pot” Zr-Catalyzed Asymmetric Carboalumination−Pd-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Tandem Process

A highly efficient method for the synthesis of stereochemically pure (≥99% ee and >50/1 dr) α,ω-diheterofunctional reduced polypropionates has been developed. The essential features of the method are represented by the conversion of inexpensive styrene into 2-methyl-4-phenyl-1-pentanol (1) in 50% yield over two steps from styrene via Zr-catalyzed asymmetric carboalumination (ZACA) reaction in the presence of (NMI)2ZrCl2 and Pd-catalyzed vinylation of the in situ generated isoalkylalanes in the presence of Zn(OTf)2 and a catalytic amount of Pd(DPEphos)Cl2. This ZACA−Pd-catalyzed vinylation may be repeated as needed without purification. After the final ZACA reaction, oxidation with O2 provides α-hydroxy-ω-phenyl reduced polypropionates, which can be fully or partially purified by chromatography. After acetylation, Ru-catalyzed oxidative cleavage of the Ph ring, and reduction with BH3·THF, the second chromatographic purification provides stereoisomerically pure α,ω-diheterofunctional reduced polypropionates...
Digital Piracy

The rates of digital piracy appear to be increasing, suggesting that additional research that uses new approaches is necessary to evaluate the problem. Using data from undergraduate students (n = 353), the present study explores actual digital piracy and the intention to perform piracy using latent class analysis, develops profiles of these individuals, and provides an analysis of the differences between intentions and actual digital piracy for the groups. The results indicate three separate classes for each form of digital piracy and different profiles for each form of piracy. Actual piracy shows more demographic and social learning theory differences among individuals, whereas scenario-based digital piracy shows more self-control and social learning theory differences among individuals. A cross-tab analysis shows that there are differences between individuals who actually perform digital piracy and those who have the intention to pirate. Research and policy implications are discussed from these findings.
Fifty Years of Theology in RetrospectAn Evaluation

THE major clue to what has been occurring in theology during the last fifty years may be found in the trend known as historicism. Of course, a list of major influences upon the intellectual development of the Christian faith in this epoch would have to include three distinct phenomena: first, the widespread sense of dearth experienced in world culture; second, the translation of the writings of Spren Kierkegaard into accessible languages; and third, the discovery of "the strange new world within the Bible." These influences, however, have acted in concert, and the key to their unitary impact is in "historicism" with its slow but pervasive penetration into the heart of all the major theological con-
FDA Regulation of Stem Cell–Based Products

Cell self-renewal and the capacity to differentiate into multiple cell types (pluripotency) are biological attributes casting stem cells as attractive candidates for development of therapies targeting indications that involve functional restoration of damaged tissues. In the United States, clinical trials designed to demonstrate the safety and effectiveness of stem cell-based products are regulated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). To ensure that subjects enrolled in a clinical study involving stem cell-based products are not exposed to significant and unreasonable risk, the FDA reviews medical and scientific information that encompasses delineation of product-specific characteristics and preclinical testing to determine whether there is sufficient safety assurance to permit initiation of human clinical studies.
The Cybercities Reader. Edited by Stephen Graham

(2006). The Cybercities Reader. Edited by Stephen Graham. Economic Geography: Vol. 82, No. 1, pp. 115-117.
Synthesis and Structures of the New Group IV Chalcogenides NaCuTiS3 and NaCuZrQ3 (Q = S, Se, Te)

The new compounds NaCuTiS[sub 3] and NaCuZrQ[sub 3] (Q = S, Se, Te) have been synthesized through reaction of the elements with a Na[sub 2]Q[sub n] flux. The compounds NaCuTiS[sub 3], NaCuZrSe[sub 3], and NaCuZrTe[sub 3] crystallize in space group D[sup 16[sub 2h]]-Pnma of the orthorhombic system with four formula units in cells of dimensions a = 12.738(10), b = 3.554(3), c = 9.539(8) [angstrom] for NaCuTiS[sub 3]; a = 13.392(5), b = 3.833(1), c = 10.250(4) [angstrom] for NaCuZrSe[sub 3]; a = 14.34(4), b = 4.06(1), c = 10.93(3) [angstrom] for NaCuZrTe[sub 3] (T = 113 K). NaCuZrS[sub 3] crystallizes in space group D[sup 17[sub 2h]]-Cmcm of the orthorhombic system with four formula units in a cell of dimensions a = 3.688(1), b = 12.838(5), c = 9.726(3) [angstrom]. The structures of all four compounds have been determined by single-crystal X-ray methods. The structures are composed of [sup 2][sub [infinity]][CuMQ[sub 3][sup [minus]]] (M = Ti, Q = S; M = Zr, Q = S, Se, Te) layers separated by Na[sup +] cations. The Cu atoms are tetrahedrally coordinated and the M atoms are octahedrally coordinated. NaCuZrS[sub 3] is isostructural with the recently reported series of compounds KCuZrQ[sub 3] (Qmore » = S, Se, Te). NaCuTiS[sub 3], NaCuZrSe[sub 3], and NaCuZrTe[sub 3] represent a new structure type with the [sup 2][sub [infinity]][CuMQ[sub 3][sup [minus]]] layer being composed of alternating pairs of CuQ[sub 4] tetrahedra and MQ[sub 6] octahedra in the [001] direction. The Na[sup +] cations are coordinated by seven chalcogen atoms in a monocapped trigonal prismatic arrangement.« less
Inhibition of bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cell blastogenesis by fractionated mammary secretion.

Abstract 1. 1. Bovine mammary secretion whey obtained during late involution markedly inhibited mitogen-induced blood mononuclear cell blastogenesis. 2. 2. Whey proteins eluting in the first and second absorbance peaks following molecular exclusion chromatography were associated with greatest inhibition of mononuclear cell blastogenesis. 3. 3. Greatest inhibition of concanavalin A-stimulated mononuclear cell blastogenesis was associated with high ceoncentrations of whey proteins in absorbance peak 1. 4. 4. Whole mammary secretion whey and whey proteins in absorbance peak 2 caused similar inhibition of concanavalin A- and phytohaemagglutinin-treated mononuclear cells. 5. 5. Differential inhibition of mitogen-induced blastogenesis may reflect the presence of immunosuppressive substances in bovine mammary secretion whey which differ in specificity for bovine T-cell subsets.
Heat-capacity study of two-dimensional electrons in GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs multiple-quantum-well structures in high magnetic fields: Spin-split Landau levels.

Using an earlier developed ac calorimetric technique, we measure the heat capacity of the two-dimensional electron system (2D ES) in GaAs/${\mathrm{Al}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$As multiple-quantum-well structures with relatively low density and high mobility (${\mathit{n}}_{2\mathrm{D}}$\ensuremath{\sim}2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{11}$/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$; \ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\sim}5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{5}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$/V s). Sweeping the magnetic field B up to \ensuremath{\sim}10 T below 1 K, we have observed the heat capacity, and thereby the equilibrium density of states (DOS) of a 2D ES in the spin-split lowest Landau levels. Analyzing the 2D ES DOS derived from our data, we find that many-body interactions within the 2D ES must be considered in order to explain the B dependence of both the spin splitting and broadening of the Landau levels. In optimal fits to our data, the g factor of Landau-level spin splitting is enhanced more than 10 times over the value at B=0, in agreement with results from analyses of the 2D ES transport. The Landau-level broadening oscillates versus 1/B, consistent with earlier results for the heat capacity of higher-density 2D ES samples.
A Processing Technical Analysis for the Characteristics of Forces and Surface Roughness in Micro-Scale Milling

The spindle speed, federate and axial depth of micro-milling are found to have a significant influence on the micro milling forces and surface roughness through experimental analysis of the micro-end milling process. To investigate these issues, an orthogonal test method is developed in this present work. Firstly, experimental analysis for the micro-milling forces and surface roughness was performed based on the micro-end-milling experiments of AL5083-O by using 0.396mm diameter micro-end mills with a miniaturized machine tool. Then, the datum of experiments were classified and analyzed by the orthogonal test method. Finally, the laws of micro-milling forces and surface roughness with changing process parameters were found and summarized. The spindle speed has a significant effect on the micro milling forces and surface roughness. In a word, the results of this work were useful to understand the characteristics of machining process and improve the machining performances.
Simulation and Measurement of 3D Shear-Driven Thin Liquid Film Flow in a Duct

Three-dimensional flow behavior of thin liquid film that is shear-driven by turbulent air flow in a duct is measured and simulated. Its film thickness and width are reported as a function of air velocity, liquid flow rate, surface tension coefficient, and wall contact angle. The numerical component of this study is aimed at exploring and assessing the suitability of utilizing the FLUENT-CFD code and its existing components, i.e. Volume of Fluid model (VOF) along with selected turbulence model, for simulating the behavior of 3D shear-driven liquid film flow, through a comparison with measured results. The thickness and width of the shear-driven liquid film are measured using an interferometric technique that makes use of the phase shift between the reflections of incident light from the top and bottom surfaces of the thin liquid film. Such measurements are quite challenging due to the dynamic interfacial instabilities that develop in this flow. The results reveal that higher air flow velocity decreases the liquid film thickness but increases its width, while higher liquid flow rate increases both its thickness and width. Simulated results provide good estimates of the measured values, and reveal the need for considering a dynamic rather than a static wall contact angle in the model for improving the comparison with measured values.
Kinetics of glucose transport in human erythrocytes: zero-trans efflux and infinite-trans efflux at 0°C

Abstract The kinetic features of glucose transport in human erythrocytes have been the subject of many studies, but no model is consistent with both the kinetic observations and the characteristics of the purified transporter. In order to reevaluate some of the kinetic features, initial rate measurements were performed at 0°C. The following kinetic parameters were obtained for fresh blood: zero- trans efflux K m = 3.4 mM, V max = 5.5 mM/min; infinite- trans efflux K m = 8.7 mM, V max = 28 mM/min. For outdated blood, somewhat different parameters were obtained: zero- trans efflux K m = 2.7 mM, V max = 2.4 mM/min; infinite- trans efflux K m = 19 mM, V max = 23 mM/min. The K m values for fresh blood differ from the previously reported values of 16 mM and 3.4 mM for zero- trans and infinite- trans efflux, respectively (Baker, G.F. and Naftalin, R.J. (1979) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 550, 474–484). The use of 50 mM galactose rather than 100 mM glucose as the infinite- trans sugar produced no change in the infinite- trans efflux K m values but somewhat lower V max values. Simulations indicate that initial rates were closely approximated by the experimental conditions. The observed time courses of efflux are inconsistent with a model involving rate-limiting dissociation of glucose from hemoglobin (Naftalin, R.J., Smith, P.M. and Roselaar, S.E. (1985) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 820, 235–249). The results presented here support the adequacy of the carrier model to account for the kinetics.
Microvascular Anatomy of the Peroneal Tendons

The etiology of longitudinal splitting of the peroneus brevis tendon is unclear. It has been hypothesized that compressive load applied to the tendon as it passes through the fibular groove may com...
Effect of the oxidation number on estimates of a plutonium hydrolysis constant

Four new formulas for estimating the first hydrolysis constant of tetravalent plutonium are illustrated. They can be applied with or without an independent estimate of the Pu oxidation number.
Identification of a phylogenetically conserved Sug1 CAD family member that is differentially expressed in the mouse nervous system.

We have isolated a cDNA clone from mouse, m56, that encodes a member of the Conserved ATPase-containing Domain (CAD) protein family. Sequence analysis revealed that m56 is identical to mouse mSug1/FZA-B and shares high homology with human Trip1, moth 18–56, and yeast Sug1. When examined, Sug1-like CAD proteins appear to function in the regulation of the 26S proteasome, as well as associate with members of the steroid/thyroid receptor superfamily and other transcriptional activators. m56 can complement the lethal phenotype of loss of SUG1 in yeast. We have examined the tissue distribution of m56 using Northern and Western blots, in addition to immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization. While m56 was expressed in all tissues and cells examined, several classes of neurons, most notably in the hippocampus, olfactory bulb, and cerebellum, displayed elevated levels of m56 mRNA and protein. We also examined distribution of RNA polymerase II and 26S proteasome subunit 4 (S4) within the mouse brain by in situ hybridization. While all three genes had similar patterns of expression, there were significant differences among them. In moths, the expression of the Sug1 homolog 18–56 is dramatically up-regulated during programmed cell death. In addition, it has been previously demonstrated that the proteasome plays an essential role in the regulation of apoptosis in mammals. We examined the expression of m56 in mouse during natural and induced cell death in a variety of tissues and found no significant changes in expression. Taken together, the data presented here suggest that while m56 is a highly conserved gene that presumably plays essential but complex roles in basal and developmental processes, it may not represent a rate-limiting step in these processes. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Neurobiol 33: 877–890, 1997
On the non‐convexity of solutions in free‐boundary problems arising in plasma physics and fluid dynamics

The purpose of this note is to give counterexamples for the conjectured existence of convex solutions in two closely related free boundary problems. The first free boundary problem arises in fluid dynamics, the second in the work of Laurence and Stredulinsky on queer differential equations in plasma physics (see [5])
Metabolomics of aerobic metabolism in mice selected for increased maximal metabolic rate

Maximal aerobic metabolic rate (MMR) is an important physiological and ecological variable that sets an upper limit to sustained, vigorous activity. How the oxygen cascade from the external environment to the mitochondria may affect MMR has been the subject of much interest, but little is known about the metabolic profiles that underpin variation in MMR. We tested how seven generations of artificial selection for high mass-independent MMR affected metabolite profiles of two skeletal muscles (gastrocnemius and plantaris) and the liver. MMR was 12.3% higher in mass selected for high MMR than in controls. Basal metabolic rate was 3.5% higher in selected mice than in controls. Artificial selection did not lead to detectable changes in the metabolic profiles from plantaris muscle, but in the liver amino acids and tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) metabolites were lower in high-MMR mice than in controls. In gastrocnemius, amino acids and TCA cycle metabolites were higher in high-MMR mice than in controls, indicating elevated amino acid and energy metabolism. Moreover, in gastrocnemius free fatty acids and triacylglycerol fatty acids were lower in high-MMR mice than in controls. Because selection for high MMR was associated with changes in the resting metabolic profile of both liver and gastrocnemius, the result suggests a possible mechanistic link between resting metabolism and MMR. In addition, it is well established that diet and exercise affect the composition of fatty acids in muscle. The differences that we found between control lines and lines selected for high MMR demonstrate that the composition of fatty acids in muscle is also affected by genetic factors.
Effects of the antiestrogen anordiol on ovulation and endometrial histology in the rat

The rat was evaluated as a model for the study of the folliculostatic properties of anordiol (2 alpha,17 alpha-diethynyl-A-nor-5 alpha-androstane-2 beta,17 beta-diol) which have been previously demonstrated in the primate. The effects in the rat were similar to those in the monkey in that anordiol: 1) extended the period of time for ovulation to occur, and 2) was effective only when administered during the early preantral stage of follicular development. The effect was different in that anordiol resulted in more complete luteolysis of newly formed corpora lutea. The presence of cornified cells in the vaginal smears 2 days after treatment with anordiol was a result of luteolysis and an intrinsic estrogenic activity of anordiol. Ovulation occurred on the first estrus after treatment whether the animals received 13 treatments every 5 days or only a single dose of anordiol. The uterine responses were characteristic of an antiestrogenic action of anordiol. It is concluded that the rat is a reasonable model for studies of the mechanism(s) of action of anordiol.
Quality reports for management

War experience brought to the fore the desirability of statistical quality control and today an increasing number of industrial concerns are utilizing this method of improving the processes of manufacture. However, many firms, notably smaller establishments, still are not employing quality reports when they could do so to advantage. This article emphasizes the necessity of making management quality-control conscious and cites actual cases to prove its point.
Elliptic Curve Cryptosystems over Small Fields of Odd Characteristic

In this paper it is shown how to speed up the multiplication step on elliptic curves defined over small odd characteristic finite fields. The method used is a generalization of a recent method of Muller and Solinas. Various implementation issues are discussed and described with the use of timings from an implementation of the methods.
Benefits and issues of biometric technologies. Are biometrics worth using

Biometric technologies have been used for a long time, but each type of biometrics has its own benefits and flaws. In this paper we will discuss the current types of biometrics and biometric systems, their benefits and issues. We will also present the results of several experiments with such biometric technologies as facial and voice recognition that will show how effective they are and if it is worth using them in the everyday life scenarios.
Polymorphonuclear leukocyte dysregulation during the systemic inflammatory response syndrome

Altered polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) function is thought to contribute to organ dysfunction during the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). To test this hypothesis, we evaluated whole blood PMN function adherent to fibronectin or laminin in patients with mild or severe acute pancreatitis as a paradigm for sirs. Whole-blood PMN intracellular H2O2 production, expression of CD32w (Fc gamma R II), CD16 (Fc gamma R III), and phagocytosis were performed using dichlorofluorescein diacetate, fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled anti- CD32w, CD16, and serum-opsonized fluorescent microspheres. Group I (n x 7) represents normal control individuals; group II (n x 11) represents patients with mild acute pancreatitis. Group III (n x 15) represents critically ill patients with severe acute pancreatitis. Adherence of PMN from groups I and II to matrix proteins resulted in a 5% to 20% increase in each PMN function assayed whereas adherence of PMN from group III to matrix proteins resulted in 50% to 75% increases in each PMN function assayed. Pertussis toxin, pentoxifylline, and dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) each reduced group I-II H2O2 production and phagocytosis. Pentoxifylline and dibutyryl cAMP but not pertussis toxin reduced group III H2O2 production. Both intracellular H2O2 and phagocytosis assays from group III but not groups I-II showed exaggerated upregulation when exposed to NaF (4 mmol/L). Anti- interleukin-6 reduced the increase in intracellular H2O2 production in group III patients and significantly altered the exaggerated oxidative response to NaF. Longitudinal studies of group III whole-blood PMN showed persistent upregulation of intracellular H2O2 production in those patients whose hospital courses were complicated by multiple system organ failure. These results demonstrate abnormal whole blood PMN function during the systemic inflammatory response syndrome in the presence of fibronectin, or laminin and that this is mediated in part via a pertussis toxin insensitive altered guanosine triphosphate- binding protein.
Distinguishing differential susceptibility from diathesis-stress: recommendations for evaluating interaction effects.

This report describes the state of the art in distinguishing data generated by differential susceptibility from diathesis–stress models. We discuss several limitations of existing practices for probing interaction effects and offer solutions that are designed to better differentiate differential susceptibility from diathesis–stress models and quantify their corresponding implications. In addition, we demonstrate the utility of these methods by revisiting published evidence suggesting that temperamental difficulty serves as a marker of enhanced susceptibility to early maternal caregiving across a range of outcome domains in the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development. We find that, with the exception of mother reports of psychopathology, there is consistent evidence in the Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development that the predictive significance of early sensitivity is moderated by difficult temperament over time. However, differential susceptibility effects emerged primarily for teacher reports of academic skills, social competence, and symptomatology. In contrast, effects more consistent with the diathesis–stress model were obtained for mother reports of social skills and objective tests of academic skills. We conclude by discussing the value of the application of this work to the next wave of Gene × Environment studies focused on early caregiving experiences.
Cardiac sympathetic denervation in patients with refractory ventricular arrhythmias or electrical storm: Intermediate and long-term follow-up

Background Left and bilateral cardiac sympathetic denervation (CSD) have been shown to reduce burden of ventricular arrhythmias acutely in a small number of patients with ventricular tachyarrhythmia (VT) storm. The effects of this procedure beyond the acute setting are unknown. Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the intermediate and long-term effects of left and bilateral CSD in patients with cardiomyopathy and refractory VT or VT storm. Methods Retrospective analysis of medical records for patients who underwent either left or bilateral CSD for VT storm or refractory VT between April 2009 and December 2012 was performed. Results Forty-one patients underwent CSD (14 left CSD, 27 bilateral CSD). There was a significant reduction in the burden of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) shocks during follow-up compared to the 12 months before the procedure. The number of ICD shocks was reduced from a mean of 19.6 ± 19 preprocedure to 2.3 ± 2.9 postprocedure (P Conclusion In patients with VT storm, bilateral CSD is more beneficial than left CSD. The beneficial effects of bilateral CSD extend beyond the acute postsympathectomy period, with continued freedom from ICD shocks in 48% of patients and a significant reduction in ICD shocks in 90% of patients.
Practice and Forgetting Effects on Vocabulary Memory: An Activation‐Based Model of the Spacing Effect

An experiment was performed to investigate the effects of practice and spacing on retention of Japanese-English vocabulary paired associates. The relative benefit of spacing increased with increased practice and with longer retention intervals. Data were fitted with an activation-based memory model, which proposes that each time an item is practiced it receives an increment of strength but that these increments decay as a power function of time. The rate of decay for each presentation depended on the activation at the time of the presentation. This mechanism limits long-term benefits from further practice at higher levels of activation and produces the spacing effect and its observed interactions with practice and retention interval. The model was compared with another model of the spacing effect (Raaijmakers, 2003) and was fit to some results from the literature on spacing and memory.
Vector Deformations of N=4 Super-Yang-Mills Theory, Pinned Branes, and Arched Strings

We study a deformation of N=4 Super-Yang-Mills theory by a dimension-5 vector operator. There is a simple nonlocal "dipole" field-theory that realizes this deformation. We present evidence that this theory is realized in the setting of "pinned-branes". The dipoles correspond to open strings that arch out of the brane. We find the gravitational dual of the theory at large N. We also discuss the generalization to the (2,0) theory.
Robust Detection in Power Line Communication for OFDM and non-Rayleigh Fading Channels

This paper presents a receiver implementation that uses robust detection and estimation techniques on top of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing to eliminate various forms of interference associated with the powerline communication channel, namely, non-Rayleigh fading and highly impulsive noise. Computation of error probabilities and Relative Efficiencies with respect to the locally most powerful, maximum likelihood, and optimum parametric detectors demonstrates that the proposed techniques maintain a nearly optimum performance for small signal to noise ratios regardless of the degree of noise contamination and interference. Moreover, the theory of proposed techniques can be easily extended to include operation in a multiuser multiple access network environment.
Media processor architecture for video and imaging on camera phones

A dedicated media processor is used in many camera phones to accelerate video and image processing. Increased demand for higher pixel resolution and higher quality image and video processing necessitates dramatically increased signal processing capability. To provide the increased performance at acceptable cost and power requires redesign of the traditional architecture. By wisely partitioning algorithms across programmable and fixed- function blocks, the performance goals can be met while still maintaining flexibility for new feature requirements and new standards. In this paper we provide an overview of media processor architectures for camera phones and describe the system architecture, power, and performance. We also address the challenges in supporting new imaging trends and high resolution video at low power and cost.
Active Learning in first-year engineering courses at Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Chile

This paper describes our experiences using Active Learning in four first-year computer science and industrial engineering courses at the School of Engineering of the Universidad Catlica de la Santisima Concepcion, Chile. This work corresponds to the implementation stage of the curriculum reform using a CDIO-based approach currently underway at the School of Engineering. Before this reform, students had only one introductory course to their field of study, meeting one hour a week. After the reform, computer science students take an Introduction to Computer Science course and a Programming Laboratory. Similarly, the industrial engineering program now includes an Introduction to Industrial Engineering and an Engineering Communication course. These courses have been designed using CDIO standards 1, 4 and 8 as guidelines and have been formulated to include active learning in its many forms such as project-based learning, problem-based learning, case studies, small group discussions, oral presentations and reflective memos. The redesign impact was assessed via anonymous student surveys and reflective memos. Our results show improved student understanding of their professional endeavour and increased student motivation for their engineering programs. Student surveys registered high degrees of satisfaction with active learning techniques, working in teams, and receiving immediate feedback from instructors and peers.
Noise Figure in Near-Infrared Amorphous and Mid-Infrared Crystalline Silicon Optical Parametric Amplifiers

The noise figures (NF) of near-infrared (near-IR) amorphous silicon (a-Si) and mid-infrared (mid-IR) crystalline silicon (c-Si) optical parametric amplifiers (OPA) are numerically investigated. The impact of nonlinear losses, i.e., two-photon absorption (TPA) and TPA-induced free carrier absorption (FCA), as well as Raman-effect-induced complex nonlinear coefficient are taken into account in a-Si OPAs. The amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) of Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA) and the relative intensity noise (RIN) of the pump laser are considered as the dominant pump noises when simulating the pump transferred noise (PTN) of near-IR a-Si and mid-IR c-Si OPAs, respectively. It is shown that in typical near-IR a-Si OPAs, the NF is ~5 dB on the Stokes side but increases sharply to above 10 dB at the gain edge on the anti-Stokes side. In high-gain mid-IR c-Si OPAs, the NF is dominated by the PTN and is well above 10 dB at the gain edge. These results indicate that both near-IR a-Si OPAs and mid-IR c-Si OPAs are promising alternatives to near-IR c-Si OPAs, but they both have limitations in broadband operation.
Are there gender differences in smoking cessation, with and without bupropion? Pooled- and meta-analyses of clinical trials of Bupropion SR.

Aims In this study, we examine gender differences in smoking cessation with and without treatment with Bupropion SR. We test whether women and men have comparable success rates quitting smoking regardless of treatment, whether Bupropion SR is effective for women, and whether Bupropion SR efficacy differs for men and women. Design A literature search was conducted to identify relevant trials. Data were analyzed with individual-level (pooled) and study-level (meta-analytical) statistics. Participants Data from 4421 participants in 12 randomized smoking cessation trials of Bupropion SR 300 mg versus placebo were analyzed. Findings Results from the meta-analysis revealed that Bupropion SR was an effective aid to smoking cessation [odds ratio (OR) = 2.49, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.06–3.00]. Moreover, Bupropion SR proved to be an effective cessation aid for women (OR = 2.47, 95% CI = 1.92–3.17). No treatment–gender interaction was observed; women and men benefited equally from treatment with Bupropion SR (Q = 0.01, NS). Overall, women were less successful at quitting than men, regardless of treatment (OR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.65–0.95). These results were replicated with pooled, individual-level analyses. Conclusions Bupropion SR is an effective smoking cessation aid for women. In these trials, women have less success quitting smoking than men, whether treated with Bupropion SR or placebo. There is a need to understand more about why women are less able to quit.
Short-term sediment accumulation rates determined from Eocene alluvial paleosols

A new method uses alluvial paleosols to calculate sediment accumulation rates for thin (25 m) stratigraphic intervals and allows the reliable interpolation of ages for stratigraphic levels within a thick stratigraphic interval bounded by established dates. Sediment accumulation rates calculated for a 650 m composite section in the Eocene Willwood Formation of Wyoming span time intervals ranging from only 0.05 to 0.25 m.y. Important sedimentologic changes coincide with changes in accumulation rate and indicate close and direct relations between the history of basin subsidence and depositional patterns.
Three arguments against prescription requirements

In this essay, I argue that prescription drug laws violate patients9 rights to self-medication. Patients have rights to self-medication for the same reasons they have rights to refuse medical treatment according to the doctrine of informed consent (DIC). Since we should accept the DIC, we ought to reject paternalistic prohibitions of prescription drugs and respect the right of self-medication. In section 1, I frame the puzzle of self-medication; why don9t the same considerations that tell in favour of informed consent also justify a right of self-medication? In section 2, I show that the prescription drug system was historically motivated by paternalism. In section 3, I outline the justifications for the DIC in more detail. I show that consequentialist, epistemic, and deontic considerations justify the DIC. In sections 4–6, I argue that these considerations also justify rights of self-medication. I then propose that rights of self-medication require non-prohibitive prescription policies in section 7. I consider two objections in sections 8 and 9: that patients ought not to make medically risky or deadly decisions, and that unrestricted access to prescription-grade pharmaceuticals would result in widespread misuse and abuse. Section 10 concludes.
Projection Matrix Decomposition in AR - A Study with Access3D

Access3D is an AR application developed for industrial maintenance. An important feature of Access3D is that, in addition to visualization, it allows the user to inquire further information, directly from the AR view through the hyperlinks. In Access3D, we use VRML for visualization, the advantage is the direct database inquiry through the hyperlinks. On the other hand, VRML requires explicit camera parameters for the virtual camera modeling. Explicit camera calibration is often obtained from projection matrix computation (PMC) followed by projection matrix decomposition (PMD). The PMD is known to be numerically bistable, this is a problem of great importance and research interest in computer vision. Different methods, including data normalization have been introduced for finding numerically stable algorithms. Our analysis shows that even if data normalization is applied to the PMC step, a non-favorite distribution of the 3D points may still cause error in the results and numerical instability. This paper provides a look at the numerical instability of PMD from a different point of view.
A methodology for optimal repeater insertion in pipelined interconnects

For many years, CMOS-process scaling has allowed a steady increase in the operating frequency and integration density of integrated circuits. Only recently, however, have we reached a point where it takes several clock cycles for global signals to traverse a complex digital system such as a modern microprocessor. Thus, interconnect latency must be taken into account as a new design parameter in future synthesis and optimization tools at the architectural, as well as synthesis, level. To this purpose, this paper proposes a new latency-aware technique for the performance-driven concurrent insertion of flip-flops and repeaters in very large scale integration circuits, also taking clock skew into account. Pipelined interconnects are optimally designed for minimum latency or to meet latency constraints at the receivers. Given its generality, our methodology can be used to extend many existing techniques to the broader case of pipelined interconnects. An experimental scaling study showing overwhelming evidence of an exponential increase in the number of clocked repeaters every process generation, for high-performance microprocessors, as well as high-end application specific integrated circuits, is also presented. Such an increase indicates a radical change in current design methodologies to cope with this new emerging problem.
Henipaviruses Employ a Multifaceted Approach to Evade the Antiviral Interferon Response

Hendra and Nipah virus, which constitute the genus Henipavirus, are zoonotic paramyxoviruses that have been associated with sporadic outbreaks of severe disease and mortality in humans since their emergence in the late 1990s. Similar to other paramyxoviruses, their ability to evade the host interferon (IFN) response is conferred by the P gene. The henipavirus P gene encodes four proteins; the P, V, W and C proteins, which have all been described to inhibit the antiviral response. Further studies have revealed that these proteins have overlapping but unique properties which enable the virus to block multiple signaling pathways in the IFN response. The best characterized of these is the JAK-STAT signaling pathway which is targeted by the P, V and W proteins via an interaction with the transcription factor STAT1. In addition the V and W proteins can both limit virus-induced induction of IFN but they appear to do this via distinct mechanisms that rely on unique sequences in their C-terminal domains. The ability to generate recombinant Nipah viruses now gives us the opportunity to determine the precise role for each of these proteins and address their contribution to pathogenicity. Additionally, the question of whether these multiple anti-IFN strategies are all active in the different mammalian hosts for henipaviruses, particularly the fruit bat reservoir, warrants further exploration.
Statistics of Random Loading with Fatigue

Under random excitation, the fatigue crack growth of a structure depends primarily on the statistics of rises and falls of the random response process. Based on the envelope statistics, a close-form solution, expressed in terms of the hypergeometric function, for approximating the rise and fall statistics of random processes is presented. The solution is very simple to compute and its accuracy is very satisfactory when the random response process is reasonably narrow band.
Abstract 103: MR Perfusion Lesions in Minor Stroke and TIA Patients Predict New Brain Infarction at 7-days

Background: Although DWI-positive patients who present with transient symptoms have higher day-7 stroke rates than DWI-negative cohorts, little is known about the outcomes of TIA patients with focal perfusion lesions. The aim of the current study is to determine the day-7 recurrent stroke rate in TIA/minor stroke patients who have perfusion lesions on baseline MRI. Methods: Consecutive TIA and minor stroke (NIHSS < 4) patients who underwent baseline DWI and perfusion imaging as well as day-7 follow-up MRI with DWI and FLAIR at Yeungnam University Stroke Center in Korea were enrolled. Two perfusion parameters (Time to Peak and Mean Transit Time), DWI, ADC and FLAIR sequences were reviewed by 2 raters blinded to clinical outcomes. New brain infarction was defined by the presence of a new lesion on day-7 DWI and FLAIR. Symptomatic carotid and intracranial stenosis was assessed on baseline MRA. New neurological symptoms that occurred within 7 days were recorded. Results: Sixty-four patients met the inclusion criteria. Mean age was 64±13 years. Median ABCD2 was 4 (IQR: 3-5). At baseline, perfusion lesions were identified in 30 (47%), DWI lesions in 24 (38%) and symptomatic carotid and/or intracranial stenosis in 22 (34%) patients. Nine patients (14%) developed a new brain infarction on day-7 MRI, and all 9 patients had a baseline perfusion lesion. Thus, the rate of new brain infarction in patients with perfusion lesions at baseline was 30% (9/30). Of the 9 patients with new infarcts, 7 (78%) were clinically symptomatic, 5 (56%) had a negative baseline DWI, and 6 (67%) had normal vessel imaging. Conclusion: Our data suggest that the identification of a focal perfusion lesion during the imaging evaluation of TIA or minor stroke predicts a high rate of recurrent stroke within 1 week, even in the absence of identifiable vessel stenosis or DWI positivity on initial MRI.
Hematocrit as An Indicator of Egg Production in Turkey Breeder Hens

Abstract Weekly hematocrit measurements were correlated with weekly egg production throughout the breeding season of Large White turkey hens. A highly significant negative regression of egg production associated with hematocrit was observed, occurring without regard to differences in the incidence of broodiness in the flocks under study. Approximately 20% of the total variance in egg production was accounted for by the regression on hematocrit. A high hematocrit (≥45%) was a fairly accurate indicator of poor production; however, not all hens which laid poorly (≤33% production) during a weekly period exhibited a high hematocrit. Virtually all hens having a hematocrit of 48% or greater were totally out of production during the weekly period surrounding the hematocrit measurement. The hematocrit may be a useful method for rapid identification of a significant proportion of the unproductive hens in a turkey breeder flock. Elimination of environmental temperature extremes may enhance the usefulness of this technique.
Structure, Germination, and Physiology of Microsclerotia of Verticillium Albo-Atrum

(1961). Structure, Germination, and Physiology of Microsclerotia of Verticillium Albo-Atrum. Mycologia: Vol. 53, No. 2, pp. 171-182.
Asymmetric Stark shift in Al x In 1 − x As / Al y Ga 1 − y As self-assembled dots

We present microphotoluminescence measurements of self-assembled quantum dots subject to an electric field applied along the growth axis. The spectra reveal sharp peaks corresponding to a number of ``single-dot'' emission lines. An asymmetric Stark shift as a function of applied field is obtained; for positive fields (electron pushed towards the apex of the dot), an initial blueshift is measured, followed by saturation and eventually a small redshift for stronger positive fields, while a continuous redshift is observed for negative field values. High positive fields also give rise to structural changes in the emission spectra as lines are enhanced or quenched under the influence of the field. The field dependence of the emission lines are reproduced in our theoretical calculations, which show that the asymmetric Stark shift is caused by the combination of dot geometry and strong lateral confinement.