cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
P3-05-08: Hormone Receptor Heterogeneity in Ductal Intraepithelial Neoplasia (Ductal Carcinoma In Situ) of the Breast.

Background: Ductal Intraepithelial Neoplasia [DIN] often shows heterogeneity of both morphology and nuclear grade within the same patient. It is unknown whether this implies heterogeneity with respect to hormone receptor status that may affect treatment. We sought to determine the rate of heterogeneity in terms of nuclear grade and receptor status in DIN patients. Methods: A hospital tumor registry was queried for patients diagnosed with DIN between 1980 and 2010. Of the 746 patients identified, 579 (77.6%) had a concomitant invasive tumor. Of the remaining 167 patients, 70 were diagnosed prior to 2007 (when ASCO-CAP guidelines for hormone receptor measurements were released), 2 were found to have lobular intraepithelial neoplasia rather than DIN, and in 11 cases, pathology slides were not available for review. Of the 84 remaining patients with DIN, 17 (20.2%) had DIN 1 alone, 19 (22.6%) had DIN 2 alone, and 7 (8.3%) had DIN 3 alone. 41 (48.8%) of the patients had more than one grade of DIN. These patients formed the cohort of interest. Slides were reviewed by a single pathologist who evaluated ER and PR positivity within the different grades of DIN in each patient, classifying tumors staining 1% or greater as positive. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS. Results: The median patient age was 53 years old. Of the 41 patients with multiple grades of DIN, 32 (78.0%) had DIN 1 and 2, 6 (14.6%) had DIN 2 and 3, and 3 (7.3%) had DIN 1, 2, and 3 within the same tumor. 93.8%, 94.7% and 88.9% of DIN 1, 2 and 3 lesions respectively were ER-positive. A difference in hormone receptor status between different grades of DIN within the same tumor was noted in 12 (29.3%) of patients; of these 3 (10.3%) varied in ER status and 10 (34.5%) varied in PR status. Of the 2 patients with ER-negative DIN 1, both had ER-positive higher grade DIN within the same tumor. Of the 2 patients with ER-negative DIN 2, one had ER-positive DIN 1 while the other had ER-negative DIN 3. Therefore, of the total 41 patients, 40 (97.6%) had at least one component of DIN that was ER-positive, and evaluating more than one grade of DIN for ER allowed 75% of patients with at least one ER-negative component to be offered hormonal therapy. Conclusions: Nearly 50% of patients with DIN will have more than one nuclear grade in the same tumor. These different nuclear grades vary in hormone receptor status in approximately 30% of patients. The majority of patients (97.6%) have at least one component of their DIN that is ER-positive. For those who have at least one component that is ER-negative, up to 75% may be offered hormonal therapy by considering other grades of DIN in treatment decision-making. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-05-08.
Seismic Imaging beneath an InSAR Anomaly in Eastern Washington State: Shallow Faulting Associated with an Earthquake Swarm in a Low‐Hazard Area

In 2001, a rare swarm of small, shallow earthquakes beneath the city of Spokane, Washington, caused ground shaking as well as audible booms over a five‐month period. Subsequent Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) data analysis revealed an area of surface uplift in the vicinity of the earthquake swarm. To investigate the potential faults that may have caused both the earthquakes and the topographic uplift, we collected ∼3 km of high‐resolution seismic‐reflection profiles to image the upper‐source region of the swarm. The two profiles reveal a complex deformational pattern within Quaternary alluvial, fluvial, and flood deposits, underlain by Tertiary basalts and basin sediments. At least 100 m of arching on a basalt surface in the upper 500 m is interpreted from both the seismic profiles and magnetic modeling. Two west‐dipping faults deform Quaternary sediments and project to the surface near the location of the Spokane fault defined from modeling of the InSAR data.
Simultaneous Vibration Isolation and Energy Harvesting: Simulation and Experiment

Passive vibration isolators that use post-buckled beams as spring elements have received considerable research attention because the buckled beams exhibit low stiffness and less static deflection relative to similarly soft linear springs. This work considers such a vibration isolation system, but with the additional novelty of using piezoelectric film on the surface of the buckled beams. While the isolator is in operation, the piezoelectric film flexes along with the beam to produce an electric current. This electric current can then be used to passively power sensors, wireless networks, or charge batteries. The entire device operates passively on ambient vibration with no required external power or control system. The structural system is modeled using the elastica in conjunction with shooting methods. The structural response is then coupled to the circuit equation to determine the output voltage and corresponding power of the energy harvesting circuit. The simulated vibration isolation and energy harvesting performance is compared to experimental results. Both theoretical and experimental data suggest that there is not necessarily a trade-off between vibration isolation and harvested power. That is, over certain frequency ranges, improved vibration isolation will be accompanied by an increase in the harvested power.
An inequality for multiple convolutions with respect to Dirichlet probability measure

A sharp multiple convolution inequality with respect to Dirichlet probability measure on the standard simplex is presented. Its discrete version in terms of the negative binomial coefficients is proved as well. The new bounds for the Dirichlet distribution and iterated convolutions are obtained as the consequences of the main result. Also some binomial, exponential, and generalized hypergeometric applications are discussed.
Neutral weak form factors of proton and neutron

We determine the nucleon neutral weak electromagnetic form factors ${G}_{E,M}^{Z,p(n)}$ by combining results from light-front holographic QCD and lattice QCD calculations. We deduce nucleon electromagnetic form factors from light-front holographic QCD which provides a good parametrization of the experimental data of the nucleon electromagnetic form factors in the entire momentum transfer range and isolate the strange quark electromagnetic form factors ${G}_{E,M}^{s}$ using lattice QCD. From these calculations, we obtain precise estimates of the neutral weak form factors in the momentum transfer range of $0\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{GeV}}^{2}\ensuremath{\le}{Q}^{2}\ensuremath{\le}0.5\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{GeV}}^{2}$. From the lattice QCD calculation, we present ${Q}^{2}$-dependence of the strange quark form factors. We also deduce the neutral weak Dirac and Pauli form factors ${F}_{1,2}^{Z,p(n)}$ of the proton and the neutron.
Angiomyolipoma of the Adrenal Gland: A Case Presentation and a Review of Adrenal Lipomatous Tumors

Abstract Angiomyolipoma (AML) is a typically benign renal tumor derived from mesenchymal tissue. Extrarenal occurrences of AML are possible, but the adrenals are an exceedingly rare site. To date, a total of 4 cases of adrenal AML have been documented in the English literature. 1–3 We present a case of right-sided adrenal AML found in a patient who initially presented with right-sided flank pain. Differential diagnosis of adrenal masses should include lipomatous tumors, as operative considerations and prognoses can be drastically altered.
Editorial: International Infectious Disease Society for Obstetrics and Gynecology?USA

In the summer and fall of 1995, the International Infectious Disease Society for Obstetrics and Gynecology—USA was founded, with a commitment to the discipline of infectious disease and the health care of women worldwide. Scientists from other corners of the world have different clusters of diseases, different laboratory approaches, and new methods of problem solving that often shed light on unresolved questions regarding society. By establishing this organization, the founding members have succeeded in their goal to share knowledge through freer access to infectious disease specialists around the world. Published in this issue are the abstracts of the first meeting of the International Infectious Disease Society for Obstetrics and Gynecology—USA held in Boulder, CO, on April 27–29, 1996. While the readers can judge for themselves the quality of the abstracts, what cannot be conveyed in writing are the zest of the discussions and the camaraderie of those attending the meeting. The American and international members as well as guests were enthusiastic about our new organization and plans for the next meeting in Nevada in the spring of 1997. We share their anticipation of an exciting and stimulating event.
The University of Chicago and the Work of Mark Siegler in Clinical Medical Ethics

In considering Dr. Mark Siegler’s 50-year career on the campus of the University of Chicago, it is remarkable to appreciate the extent to which this university has molded and shaped Dr. Siegler as a teacher, physician, and scholar. In turn, it is no less true to say that Dr. Siegler’s impact and contribution to the University of Chicago have been as formidable. His work in establishing a clinical medical ethics consultation service and a clinical ethics fellowship program, along with his commitment to the doctor-patient relationship, has influenced the teaching and practice of clinical medicine on our campus and throughout the world. The University of Chicago’s clinical ethics consultation service was one of the first of its kind in the United States to utilize physicians as trained ethics consultants and to identify where clinical ethics needed to be taught—in true Oslerian fashion—at the bedside. Shaped as he has been by the University of Chicago, Dr. Siegler has also served as an exemplar within the specific traditions and values of the University of Chicago, and his contributions have matched those of the university’s greatest faculty citizens over the many years of its history.
Interface Phenomena for Planar Waves

Our attention now turns to situations where a plane wave propagates obliquely relative to a planar interface with another medium. The consequence will be a wave that is somewhat different from the one encountered in a one-dimensional waveguide. A wave might also be transferred into the receiving medium. The analyses will employ Cartesian coordinates aligned with the boundary to describe the multidimensional phenomena. Each topic is important for a variety of applications, such as noise control for wall design. Each topic represents an advance toward our goal of fully understanding how acoustical waves behave.
Effect of staurosporine on outflow facility in monkeys.

Purpose To determine the effect of the serine-threonine kinase inhibitor staurosporine on outflow facility in living monkeys. Methods Total outflow facility was determined by two-level constant pressure perfusion of the anterior chamber bilaterally before and after intracameral infusion of staurosporine or vehicle in opposite eyes. Results Intracameral staurosporine dose-dependently doubled outflow facility, with 0.1 microM, 1 microM, and 10 microM being subthreshold, effective, and maximal doses, respectively. At 50 microM, intracameral staurosporine was less effective than 10 microM on facility and induced corneal toxicity. Conclusions The broad-spectrum protein kinase inhibitor staurosporine increases outflow facility in living monkeys, perhaps by affecting the trabecular meshwork cytoskeleton.
Salivary Gland Imaging

Diagnostic imaging of the salivary glands is important in the clinical evaluation of salivary gland disorders. Imaging can aid in establishing a diagnosis and planning appropriate therapy. The roles of imaging include characterizing lesions within the salivary glands, delineating anatomic landmarks for surgical planning, evaluating for sources of salivary obstruction, and assessing for inflammatory disease-related structural changes.
The SIVmac specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte response in the acutely infected rhesus monkey.

Early virologic events following infection may have important consequences for the eventual clinical course of HIV-induced disease. Moreover, the immune responses that block initial virus spread are likely to be central mechanisms for containing HIV infections. It is therefore important to elucidate the virologic and immunologic events that occur immediately following HIV infection. However, since the acutely infected person comes to clinical attention weeks or even months following viral exposure, if at all, it is difficult to study the immunologic mechanisms responsible for the early clearance of HIV.
Arthroscopic Management of Peripheral Ulnar Tears of the TFCC

Ulnar peripheral tears of the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) are a common cause of ulnar-sided wrist pain. Patients typically present with a history of a twisting injury to the wrist. Most patients complain of focal tenderness over the prestyloid recess. Varying degrees of injury can affect the ulnar side of the wrist resulting in superficial or complete deep tears as well as frank distal radioulnar joint or carpal instability. There are several arthroscopic techniques for repair of peripheral ulnar-sided tears to the TFCC complex. This chapter will review the advantages and disadvantages of these various techniques and their possible indications based on the severity of the injury. This chapter includes video.
Data-Based Decision Making in Reading Interventions: A Synthesis and Meta-Analysis of the Effects for Struggling Readers:

For students with persistent reading difficulties, research suggests one of the most effective ways to intensify interventions is to individualize instruction through use of performance data—a proc...
13C NMR Signal Enhancement Using Parahydrogen-Induced Polarization Mediated by a Cobalt Hydrogenation Catalyst

The use of a cobalt-based catalyst for the generation of hyperpolarized 13C NMR resonances by parahydrogenation of ethyl acrylate is presented herein. Comparisons of the carboxylate 13C NMR signal enhancement factor of ethyl propionate between using (MesCCC)Co-py and a commonly utilized cationic diphosphine rhodium complex demonstrates that the cobalt system is a viable PHIP catalyst alternative. Furthermore, the operative hydrogenation mechanism of the cobalt system was examined by using 1H, 13C, and parahydrogen-induced polarization NMR spectroscopies to elucidate reaction intermediates affiliated with the observed 1H and 13C NMR signal enhancements in ethyl propionate.
Psychiatric comorbidity and Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set (HEDIS) measures of alcohol and other drug treatment initiation and engagement across 7 health care systems.

AbstractBackground: Psychiatric comorbidity is common among patients with alcohol and other drug (AOD) use disorders. To better understand how psychiatric comorbidity influences AOD treatment acces...
Urban Smart Energy System Architecture and Key Technology Analysis

Based on the current situation of urban energy and the construction demand of smart energy system, this paper conducts research on key technologies. The urban smart energy system architecture is established from the three aspects of clean energy supply, optimal allocation and efficient utilization of energy, and smart energy support, and the application scenarios of key technologies adapted to local conditions are studied to form the technology path of combining near and far and cascade connection.
Diagnostic Performance of Heparin-Platelet Factor 4 Antibodies in the Identification of Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia in Cancer Population

Introduction: Cancer patients appear to have a higher risk of heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) related complications than non-cancer patients; yet data on the performance of conventional diagnostic tools for HIT in cancer is limited. Our aim was to determine among cancer patients with a 4T score ≥ 4, the performance of the conventional cut-off for HIT antibody testing (IgG anti PF4) to discriminate between serotonin release assay (SRA) positive and negative cases. Methods: Retrospective and prospective analysis of cases (2002-2019) was performed of the electronic medical records of adult cancer patients at MD Anderson Cancer Center with suspected HIT. Cases were included in the analysis if the 4T score was ≥ 4 and investigated with IgG anti-PF4 optical density (HIT OD) and SRA. Logistic regression model and the receiver operating characteristic curves were conducted to identify the sensitivity and specificity of different cut-off points for the HIT OD to discriminate HIT cases based on the SRA status. Results: Among 50 cases, 18 were SRA positive. Median HIT OD was 1.03. At a cut-off point of 0.4, the HIT OD performed with a sensitivity of 0.89 and a specificity of 0.50 to discriminate the cases of SRA positive HIT. When the cut-off HIT OD was 1.0, the sensitivity was 0.78 with a specificity of 0.66. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that in cancer patients the performance of IgG anti-PF4 is similar to that of non-cancer patients for the identification of HIT cases. Disclosures Oo: Janssen and Janssen: Other: Research: site co-investigator ; Medical Education Speakers Network: Honoraria.
Round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) and native fishes as potential nest predators of centrarchid species in the upper St. Lawrence River

Abstract Widespread invasion of Round Goby (Neogobius melanostomus) throughout the Great Lakes has raised concerns regarding increased egg predation on fish species. To better understand nest predation, we examined nesting habitat selected by three upper St. Lawrence River Centrarchid species and the predator assemblage at nests during the 2011 and 2012 egg incubation and larval periods. Following removal of guarding males by angling, 5-min observations were used to identify and enumerate predators at rock bass (Ambloplites rupestris; n = 81), pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus; n = 80), and smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu; n = 40) nests. Differences in nesting habitat among centrarchids corresponded with differences in nest predator assemblages along a gradient defined primarily by depth and substrate. Pumpkinseed nests in shallow depths with soft substrate were visited principally by minnow spp., but few round goby. Smallmouth bass nests at greater depth with hard substrates were frequented nearly exclusively by round goby, while rock bass nests at intermediate depth with a mix of hard and soft substrates were visited by round goby and yellow perch (Perca flavescens). Rock bass nests had a higher predator burden than pumpkinseed nests in 2011, but no differences were observed among centrarchid species in 2012. Round goby were a major component of the predators at rock bass and smallmouth bass nests. However, predation burden imposed by yellow perch was higher than round goby at rock bass nests. We conclude nesting habitat selection influences native and non-native egg predator assemblages, but whether round goby predation is additive or compensatory remains unclear.
Serologic survey on scrub typhus in the natural focus of Pinggu district of Beijing

恙虫病发病率居北京市自然疫源性疾病首位[1-3],平谷区恙虫病病例占全市95％以上.为了解平谷区常住人口(连续居住＞1年)恙虫病东方体的感染水平及分布,开展本项调查.1.对象与方法:2012年8-12月在平谷区将全部乡镇作为调查地区,每个乡镇按照东、南、西、北、中随机抽取5个村,按照6个年龄组不同性别1:1选取常住人口作为调查对象,累计调查3248人.临床诊断病例信息来源于中国疾病预防控制信息系统.在知情同意的前提下,开展恙虫病感染问卷调查,并采集调查对象血液标本5 ml.采用ELISA检测血清恙虫病抗体水平,阳性者判定为曾经感染.采用EpiData 3.0软件建立数据库,利用SPSS 16.0软件进行统计学分析,组间率和构成比的比较采用x2检验,多因素logistic回归分析恙虫病感染影响因素,P＜0.05为差异有统计学意义. 关键词：恙虫病;血清学调查
Exploring First-Year Engineering Students’ Innovation Self-Efficacy Beliefs by Gender and Discipline

AbstractThe expectations for engineers to solve complex, global issues are growing at rates that exceed current curricula in engineering education. Studies show that early career engineering studen...
Understanding how early life effects evolve: progress, gaps, and future directions

Early life experiences have profound effects on later life health and on Darwinian fitness in many mammalian species, including humans. However, while it is clear that early life adversity often leads to compromised health, reproduction, and survival in adulthood, it is less clear why these links have evolved. Here, we review hypotheses from the evolutionary biology literature that have been proposed to explain how natural selection could produce early life environmental sensitivity. We evaluate competing hypotheses in light of their empirical support, and also discuss three emerging topics related to these evolutionary discussions. Specifically, we focus on: (i) whether different classes of early life effects evolve in different ways; (ii) how the existence of short, acute sensitive periods during development (e.g. gestation/pregnancy) informs evolutionary thinking about early life effects; and (iii) what to consider when using fitness proxies, including behavioral traits, to test evolutionary hypotheses. We conclude these discussions with suggestions for empirical work that could help resolve current debates about the causes, consequences, and adaptive significance of early life effects.
A nonlinear viscoelastic–viscoplastic model for adhesives

We consider the nonlinear viscoelastic–viscoplastic behavior of adhesives. We develop a one-dimensional nonlinear model by combining Schapery’s nonlinear single integral model and Perzyna’s viscoplastic model. The viscoplastic strain was solved iteratively using the von Mises yield criterion and nonlinear kinematic hardening. The combined viscoelastic–viscoplastic model was solved using Newton’s iteration and implemented into a finite element model. The model was calibrated using creep-recovery data from bulk adhesives and verified from the cyclic behavior of the bulk adhesives. The finite element model results agreed with experimental creep and cyclic responses, including recoverable and permanent strain after load removal. Although the contribution of the viscoplastic strain was small, both viscoplastic and viscoelastic components of strain response were required to describe the adhesive creep and cyclic response.
Work in Progress: Immigrant Health Care from the Vantage of Cancer Testing and Screening.

This letter offers a perspective from cancer testing and screening on the improvements in immigrant insurance coverage and care charted in Bustamante et al.’s April 2019 article in JOIH on “Health Care Access and Utilization Among U.S. Immigrants Before and After the Affordable Care Act.” Supportive evidence for their data may be found in complementary literature drawing from both the National Health Interview Survey the authors use and the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, while post-ACA surveys and state level information suggest disparities remain for lawfully present and undocumented immigrants ineligible for Medicaid and unable to secure insurance to pay medical costs. Existent options for cancer services are discussed. Further relevant reform depends on voter awareness and collaborative efforts between consumer advocates and legislators.
Microgravity effects on the human brain and behavior: Dysfunction and adaptive plasticity.

Abstract Emerging plans for travel to Mars and other deep space destinations make it critical for us to understand how spaceflight affects the human brain and behavior. Research over the past decade has demonstrated two co-occurring patterns of spaceflight effects on the brain and behavior: dysfunction and adaptive plasticity. Evidence indicates the spaceflight environment induces adverse effects on the brain, including intracranial fluid shifts, gray matter changes, and white matter declines. Past work also suggests that the spaceflight environment induces adaptive neural effects such as sensory reweighting and neural compensation. Here, we introduce a new conceptual framework to synthesize spaceflight effects on the brain, S paceflight P erturbation A daptation C oupled with D ysfunction (SPACeD). We review the literature implicating neurobehavioral dysfunction and adaptation in response to spaceflight and microgravity analogues, and we consider pre-, during-, and post-flight factors that may interact with these processes. We draw several instructive parallels with the aging literature which also suggests co-occurring neurobehavioral dysfunction and adaptive processes. We close with recommendations for future spaceflight research, including: 1) increased efforts to distinguish between dysfunctional versus adaptive effects by testing brain-behavioral correlations, and 2) greater focus on tracking recovery time courses.
Lifestyle Segmentation for Older Fashion Consumers Using Latent Class Analysis

This study used a secondary data set to identify older consumer segments that share similar patterns of lifestyle and to test for differences among these segments in monthly clothing purchases and demographic characteristics. Latent class analysis, a model-based clustering technique, was conducted. Based on model fit indices, five older consumer lifestyle groups were identified from individuals’ participation in diverse activities. Comparing the five groups in ANOVA, there were significant differences. Social activities and outdoor activities were found to be the most distinctive attributes for the groups with higher monthly clothing purchases. The results indicate that older consumers across the age spectrum engage in heterogeneous lifestyle activities, which may affect their consumption behavior. We expect the findings will assistfashion brands and older consumers in developing and growing a market that needs further exploration.
Truth Attending Persuasion: Forms of Argumentation in Parmenides

Parmenides marks a watershed in the history of argumentation, presenting the earliest surviving sequence of recognizably deductive reasoning in the Greek tradition. This chapter focuses on the central section of his poem (fr. 8 DK) and examines the form of its argumentation: its use of indirect proof, the articulation of its reasoning, and the role necessity plays in it.
The Arachidonic Acid Pathway and the Secretion of Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) and Progesterone by the Cultured Human Choriocarcinoma JEG-3 Cell

Approximately eight weeks after conception, the progesterone producing activity of the human corpus luteum is virtually taken over by the trophoblast, which is already contributing to peak hCG secretion. From this point until term, the production of progesterone by the trophoblast increases in contrast to the decline in hCG. Little is known about the mechanisms which control these sequential hormonal patterns during pregnancy. As an exploratory model, we used the cultured human choriocarcinoma JEG-3 cell to investigate the biochemistry underlying the control of hCG and progesterone secretion.
Digital Art and Cultural Commentary

This chapter establishes grounds for perceiving digital art as a critical voice—one that can facilitate both personal and affective responses to globalisation. It posits that digital art is borne of a turbulent era, sharing an intimate history with globalisation. This chapter shows how art can function as a platform for cultural commentary. It also provides means for considering and contextualising the digital art case studies presented within the text.
European regional economic integration

Abstract The papers in this symposium provide theoretical and empirical analyses of the effects of regional economic integration. Although the papers are focused on the recent European initiatives towards integration, they formulate frameworks that can be applied within more general contexts. This introduction summarizes the papers, distilling their essential contribution to the integration literature. We also provide a general, cohesive structure to the volume, weaving the papers together into an integrated whole.
Can AI Help Resolve Some Fundamental Puzzles of Judicial Proof?: Introductory Comments about the Explosive Dynamic Complexity of Evidentiary Processes associated with Litigation

Two or three years ago I began searching the internet in earnest for insights into evidence in litigation. (I admit it: I am an internet addict!) I quickly discovered that there is a large number of people in AI and in related fields who are actively discussing, debating, and exploring matters such as uncertain inference; decision making under uncertainty; classical probability theory; statistical inference; value of information theory; semantic fuzziness and roughness; planning and scheduling; distributed decision making; non-deductive reasoning; induction, abductive inference, and hypothesis-formation; information retrieval & database mining; multi-stage or cascaded inference; influence diagrams; causal reasoning; common sense reasoning; defeasible reasoning; temporal logic; dynamic logic or reasoning; and a wide variety of even more esoteric matters - matters such as artificial life and a mathematical theory of hints. I discovered another interesting thing. I discovered that many of theories, methods, and procedures in the sorts of fields or areas I have just mentioned have been converted into software programs. I also found out that many people who think of themselves as AI people also seem to think of themselves as Bayesians, fuzzy probability theorists, and other such things; I discovered that many people who do AI have done important work with matters such as Bayes nets, common sense reasoning, defeasible reasoning, dialogic reasoning, default logic(s), fuzzy sets, and so on -- and on - and on. After watching Deep Thought defeat Kasparov, I decided that it was high time that legal professionals who study or manage evidentiary processes in litigation learn something about developments in AI and related fields; I concluded that it was high time that people in AI and related fields educate legal specialists in forensic investigation, evidence, and proof about relevant developments in AI and allied fields. I believe that AI people very probably do have interesting and important things to tell people such as me. I believe this because as I scan the sorts of matters that AI people grapple with I see that many of those matters involve uncertainty, complexity, and time. I believe that some of the most intractable mysteries about the workings of evidentiary processes in litigation and the effects of societal regulation of such processes have to do with the combination of uncertainty, complexity, and time. These ingredients, when combined with the ingredient of human imagination, make it almost impossibly hard for mere mortals to understand how judicial proof works.
Transcriptional activation function of the mouse Ah receptor nuclear translocator

We cloned from mouse hepatoma cells a cDNA which encodes the Ah receptor nuclear translocator (Arnt). Sequence comparisons reveal 89% nucleotide and 92% amino acid identity between mouse and human Arnt. Transfection of the cDNA into Arnt-defective mouse hepatoma cells fully restores their responsiveness to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), indicating that the cDNA encodes a functional Arnt protein. Transfection of the cDNA into wild type mouse hepatoma cells increases the magnitude, but not the sensitivity, of the transcriptional response to TCDD. Analyses of mutants indicate that Arnt has a modular organization. The unit that mediates both heterodimerization with the liganded Ah receptor and DNA recognition is functionally distinct from the unit that mediates transcriptional activation. A 96-amino acid, C-terminal domain of Arnt, which includes a glutamine-rich region, confers transcriptional activation capability upon the protein.
Delivering knowledge and solutions at your fingertips: strategy for mobile app development in agriculture

The mobile revolution transformed our lives in the ways we socialize and conduct business. Today, mobile technology is an essential element of every aspect of digital success. More people are accessing the Internet through mobile devices than through wired connections. Mobile device users are always connected, actively leveraging information, knowledge and social activities. The rapid growth of mobile usage in the world created many opportunities that leverage the ubiquity of mobile networks. Clearly mobile revolution will continue, and organizations not only create mobile strategy, they devote more resources to deliver innovative mobile services and next must-have applications (apps) for the agricultural sector. There are many design challenges and considerations in developing mobile apps that can be widely accepted by users in agricultural communities. This paper discusses mobile apps in the agricultural domain, considerations and challenges for successful mobile app development and focuses on a cross-platform mobile development approach adopted by University of Florida/Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (UF/IFAS). This cross-platform framework is an intuitive approach to developing apps quickly, easily and cost effectively. A mobile portal and sample mobile apps developed at UF/IFAS are presented. Effective and quality mobile app deployment in agriculture needs a clear mobile strategy, creative ideas and collective efforts from developers, domain experts and organizations.
89Zr-Ferumoxytol iron oxide nanoparticles for multimodality PET/MR lymph node mapping

6 Objectives The invasion status of lymph nodes (LN) surrounding a tumor is a critical indicator of cancer stage. Multimodality imaging approaches have demonstrated improved accuracy and detectability of sites of disease. We have developed a multimodal PET/MR nanoparticle contrast agent for enhanced detection of LN. For genuine translational potential, we have used an existing approved iron oxide nanoparticle formulation with mild chemical modification for 89Zr radiolabeling. Methods Iron oxide nanoparticles (ferumoxytol) were modified using carbodiimide chemistry and conjugated to desferoxamine for 89Zr radiolabeling. Axillary LN drainage from the forelimb as well as pelvic drainage following intraprostatic injection in both healthy and Myc-driven transgenic models of prostate cancer were investigated by PET/MR. The signal enhancement of draining nodes by MR and PET imaging was analyzed over 24 h post-injection and correlated to biodistribution and immuno-histochemistry. Results Modified ferumoxytol displayed 132 amine residues per particle. 89Zr-labeled compound attained a 99.5% or greater purity for, and was stable for 48 h. High-resolution and sensitive imaging of the draining axillary and brachial LN could be made by PET/MR following intradermal forelimb injection. Intraprostatic injections revealed detailed LN drainage networks from the prostate; used to plan surgical excision of the nodes. Subsequent verification of the removal of these nodes was made by ex vivo PET. Conclusions 89Zr-ferumoxytol enables detailed mapping of LN for pre-operative planning as well as immediate confirmation of successful removal. This indicates that a radiolabeled derivative of an established and clinically approved nanoparticle can be used for high-sensitivity and anatomically specific imaging by PET/MR. Research Support NIH R25T Molecular Imaging in Oncology Fellowship (5R25CA096945-07) and 2011 SNM Postdoctoral Molecular Imaging Scholar Award.
A Quantitative Genetic Analysis of Nuclear-Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Structured Populations of Silene vulgaris

Gynodioecy, the coexistence of functionally female and hermaphroditic morphs within plant populations, often has a complicated genetic basis involving several cytoplasmic male-sterility factors and nuclear restorers. This complexity has made it difficult to study the genetics and evolution of gynodioecy in natural populations. We use a quantitative genetic analysis of crosses within and among populations of Silene vulgaris to partition genetic variance for sex expression into nuclear and cytoplasmic components. We also use mitochondrial markers to determine whether cytoplasmic effects on sex expression can be traced to mitochondrial variance. Cytoplasmic variation and epistatic interactions between nuclear and cytoplasmic loci accounted for a significant portion of the variation in sex expression among the crosses. Source population also accounted for a significant portion of the sex ratio variation. Crosses among populations greatly enhanced the dam (cytoplasmic) effect, indicating that most among-population variance was at cytoplasmic loci. This is supported by the large among-population variance in the frequency of mitochondrial haplotypes, which also accounted for a significant portion of the sex ratio variance in our data. We discuss the similarities between the population structure we observed at loci that influence sex expression and previous work on putatively neutral loci, as well as the implications this has for what mechanisms may create and maintain population structure at loci that are influenced by natural selection.
Effects of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Gene Knock-Out on Morphological and Motor Outcomes after Traumatic Brain Injury

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) belong to a class of extracellular proteinases responsible for maintaining and remodeling the extracellular matrix. In addition to multiple functions in normal physiology, abnormal MMP expression and activity may also participate in the pathophysiology of cerebral disease. Here, we show that MMP-9 (gelatinase B; EC.3.4.24.35) contributes to the pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury. After controlled cortical impact in mice, MMP-9 was increased in traumatized brain. Total MMP-9 levels at 24 hr were significantly increased as measured by a substrate cleavage assay. Zymograms showed that MMP-9 was elevated as early as 3 hr after traumatic brain injury, reaching a maximum at ∼24 hr. Increased MMP-9 levels persisted for up to 1 week. Western blot analysis indicated increased profiles of MMP-9 expression that corresponded with the zymographic data. Knock-out mice deficient in MMP-9 gene expression were compared with wild-type littermates in terms of morphological and motor outcomes after trauma. Motor outcomes were measured at 1, 2, and 7 d after traumatic brain injury by the use of a rotarod device. MMP-9 knock-out mice had less motor deficits than wild-type mice. At 7 d, traumatic brain lesion volumes on Nissl-stained histological sections were significantly smaller in MMP-9 knock-out mice. These data demonstrate that MMP-9 contributes to the pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury and suggest that interruption of the MMP proteolytic cascade may be a possible therapeutic approach for preventing the secondary progression of damage after brain trauma.
On a lattice problem of H. Steinhaus

Sometime in the 1950's, Steinhaus posed the following problem. Do there exist two sets A and S in the plane such that every set congruent to A has exactly one point in common with S? The trivial case where one of the sets is the plane and the other consists of a single point is ruled out. The first appearance of this problem in the literature seems to be in a 1958 paper of Sierpin'ski [14]. In this paper, he showed the answer is yes, a result later rediscovered by Erdos [5]. Of course, there are many variants of this problem. For example, one could specify the set A. In this direction, Komjaith showed that such a set exists if A = Z, the set of all integers [13]. Steinhaus also asked about the specific case where A = 2. The first reference to this problem also seems to be Sierpin'ski's 1958 paper where he mentions that in this case there is no set S which is bounded and open or else bounded and closed. This specific problem has been widely noted (see e.g. [3, 4]), but has remained unsolved until now. In this paper we answer this question in the affirmative:
Epothilone B enhances surface EpCAM expression in ovarian cancer Hey cells

Objectives Epothilone B (EpoB), like Taxol, stabilizes microtubules resulting in an inhibition of microtubule dynamic instability. The drug is being evaluated in phase III clinical trials. An EpoB analog, Ixabepilone, was approved by the FDA for the treatment of taxane-resistant metastatic breast cancer. Epithelial cell adhesion antigen (EpCAM) expression is significantly higher in epithelial ovarian cancer cells compared to normal cells. The effects of EpoB and other microtubule-interacting agents on surface EpCAM expression were studied.
Imaging of Tinnitus

From a radiologic workup perspective, tinnitus is classified into pulsatile, which can be objective, and nonpulsatile, which is typically subjective. There is considerable discrepancy within the literature regarding the percentage of positive findings in patients with pulsatile tinnitus. The authors discuss the overlap in the radiographic findings detected in association with tinnitus in both asymptomatic patients and symptomatic patients and the importance for imaging to detect treatable causes. They discuss imaging related to diagnosis and treatment and provide an imaging workup algorithm.
Dual Functionality of Cyclooxygenase-2 as a Regulator of Tumor Necrosis Factor–Mediated G1 Shortening and Nitric Oxide–Mediated Inhibition of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation

Background— Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 contributes to vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation induced by tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and angiotensin II. The present study demonstrates, however, that depending on prevailing conditions, COX-2–derived prostanoids may also inhibit VSMC proliferation. Methods and Results— TNF-α stimulated proliferation of VSMCs by shortening the G1 phase of the cell cycle. This effect was abolished by NS-398, a selective COX-2 inhibitor. Addition of TNF did not affect the protein-to-DNA ratio, measured by flow cytometry, suggesting that TNF does not induce VSMC hypertrophy. Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity attenuated TNF-mediated increases in prostaglandin (PG) I2 synthesis, whereas thromboxane (TX) A2 production and COX-2 protein expression were unaffected. Moreover, inhibition of NOS activity increased TNF-mediated proliferation by ≈23%. Thus, NO preferentially stimulates PGI2 production, suggesting that production of NO by VSMCs challenged with TNF li...
A Review of the Diagnosis and Management of Impacted Maxillary Canines

ABSTRACT Background The authors conducted a literature review regarding the clinical and radiographic diagnoses of impacted maxillary canines, as well as the interceptive treatment (including surgical and orthodontic management) used to prevent or properly treat impacted canines. Types of Studies Reviewed The authors reviewed clinical and radiographic studies, literature reviews and case reports. They selected only studies that pertained to the prevalence, etiology and diagnosis of impacted maxillary canines, as well as the most recent studies regarding surgical and orthodontic techniques for the proper management of impacted maxillary canines. Results Impacted canines can be detected at an early age, and clinicians might be able to prevent them by means of proper clinical diagnosis, radiographic evaluation and timely interceptive treatment. Surgical techniques that can be used to manage impacted canines vary depending on whether the impactions are labial or palatal, and orthodontic techniques vary according to clinical judgment and experience. Clinical Implications Canine impaction is a common occurrence, and clinicians must be prepared to manage it. With early detection, timely interception, and well-managed surgical and orthodontic treatment, impacted maxillary canines can be erupted and guided to an appropriate location in the dental arch.
Effect of digoxin on cardiac glycogen of the rat.

SummaryDigoxin in a dose of 0.2 mg/ kg caused either no change or a slight increase in the cardiac glycogen fractions when administered to rats of 30 days of age or less, but caused a decrease in all fractions of cardiac glycogen when given to rats of 100 and 360 days of age. At 630 days of age, digoxin caused a fall in the trichloroacetic acid soluble fraction and an increase in the acid insoluble fraction with no change in total cardiac glycogen. When administered to 100- and 360-day-old rats toxic doses of digoxin increased all fractions of cardiac glycogen except the acid soluble fraction of the 100-day-old rats which showed no change.
Hippocampal theta activity following selective lesion of the septal cholinergic systeM

The characteristic electroencephalographic patterns within the hippocampus are theta and sharp waves. Septal neurons are believed to play an essential role in the rhythm generation of the theta pattern. The present study examined the physiological consequences of complete and selective damage of septohippocampal cholinergic neurons on hippocampal theta activity in rats. A selective immunotoxin against nerve growth factor receptor bearing cholinergic neurons (192 immunoglobulin G-saporin), [Wiley R. G. et al. (1991) Brain Res. 562, 149-153] was infused into the medial septal area (0.11-0.42 microgram). Hippocampal electrical activity was monitored during trained wheel running, drinking and the paradoxical phase of sleep, as well as following cholinomimetic treatment. A moderate dose of toxin (0.21 microgram) eliminated the septohippocampal cholinergic projection, as evidenced by a near total absence of choline acetyltransferase-immunoreactive neurons in the medial septum and the vertical limb of the diagonal band, and by the absence of acetylcholinesterase-positive fibers in the dorsal hippocampus. In the same rats, parvalbumin immunoreactivity, a reliable marker for septohippocampal GABAergic neurons, [Freund T. F. (1989) Brain Res. 478, 375-381], remained unaltered. In addition, retrograde transport of the tracer fluorogold demonstrated that the parvalbumin cell population preserved its axonal projection to the hippocampus. Following toxin treatment, the power of hippocampal theta, but not its frequency, decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Reduction of theta power occurred between three and seven days after the toxin treatment and remained unaltered thereafter up to eight weeks. A dose which eliminated all septohippocampal cholinergic neurons (0.21 microgram) left a small but significant theta peak in the power spectra during wheel running, paradoxical phase of sleep and intraseptal infusion of carbachol (5 micrograms). Peripheral administration of physostigmine (1 mg/kg) induced only slow (1.5-2.0 Hz) rhythmic waves. No changes were observed in the gamma (50-100 Hz) band. These findings indicate that the integrity of the septohippocampal GABAergic projection is sufficient to maintain some hippocampal theta activity. We hypothesize that cholinergic neurons serve to increase the population phase-locking of septal cells and thereby regulate the magnitude of hippocampal theta.
International Transmission Mechanism of Stock Market Volatilities

ABSTRACT We investigate the volatility spillover effects of European equity markets to the equity markets of Mexico, Brazil, and Chile. The results of the E-GARCH and VAR models suggest that the stock markets of Spain and Germany have stronger volatility spillover effects on Latin American markets than do Italy, the United Kingdom, and France. We find that these spillover effects of Spain and Germany have a greater impact on Mexico and Brazil than on Chile. Moreover, in all these cases negative innovations increase volatility more than do positive innovations. We tie our results to the relative degree of openness of Latin American countries and their level of international trade with the European economies. Mexico and Brazil are relatively more open economies than is Chile. Also, these two Latin American economies have higher levels of international trade with Spain and Germany than with other European economies. Our results are consistent with the notion that, as an economy becomes more open and integrat...