cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Progestin Receptors in the Brain and Pituitary of the Bonnet Monkey (Macaca radiata): Differences between the Monkey and the Rat in the Distribution of Progestin Receptors

Using the radiolabeled synthetic progestin [3H] R5020, putative progestin receptors have been identified by Sephadex LH-20 gel filtration and density gradient centrifugation in soluble cytosol fractions of uterus, pituitary gland, and brain of the bonnet monkey (Macaca radiata). These receptors had a high affinity for [3H]R5020 (Kd = 0.3 nm) and sedimented at 6–7S in 10% glycerol, 5–20% sucrose gradients. [3H]R5020 binding was inhibited more than 70% by 25-fold molar excesses of progesterone or other physiologically active synthetic progestins but was unaffected by estradiol, corticosterone, dexamethasone, or testosterone. In ovariectomized monkeys, the progestin receptors were restricted to the hypothalamus and preoptic area; no receptors were detected in cingulate or parietal cortex, amygdala, midbrain, brainstem, or cerebellum. When ovariectomized monkeys were implanted with estradiol-containing Silastic capsules to generate serum levels of this hormone in the physiological range, cytosol progestin rec...
Analytic Reviews : Red Cell Transfusion in a Critical Care Unit

The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome epidemic and recognition of human immunodeficiency virus transmission by blood products have increased concern over the risks of blood transfusion and generated discus sion on proper indications. To assess current practice with respect to red blood cell transfusion, we examined transfusion practices in a medical-surgical intensive care unit. The extensive clinical and physiological moni toring in this setting allowed us to examine indices of oxygen carrying capacity, oxygen delivery, tissue oxy genation, and their associations with subsequent trans fusion. We were unable to detect changes in hemody namic or tissue oxygenation measurements associated with transfusions. Tissue oxygenation measures were in frequently documented even in the presence of an in dwelling pulmonary artery catheter. Hemoglobin and hematocrit levels showed statistically significant de creases prior to initial and subsequent transfusions. He modynamic and tissue oxygenation indices available in ...
Concurrent test planning

Testing multiple device functions in parallel can yield significant test time and cost of test reductions. This paper discusses the planning process and algorithms required to realize an efficient and achievable concurrent test plan.
Applying Stigma Theory to Epilepsy: A Test of a Conceptual Model

Tested a theoretical model that sought to explain the association of stigma to self-esteem among adolescents with epilepsy. The model depicted hypothesized relationships among several characteristics of epilepsy (seizure type, seizure frequency, and duration of epilepsy), perceived stigma, management of disclosure, and self-esteem. Subjects were 64 adolescents 12 to 20 years old with idiopathic epilepsy. In a hierarchical multiple regression analysis, variables were entered into the equation in the order specified a priori by the model. Results showed that the data supported some hypotheses tested in the model: (a) Seizure type and seizure frequency predicted low self-esteem, and (b) the belief that epilepsy is stigmatizing predicted low self-esteem. However, several relationships of major theoretical significance were not realized. Explanations for why some aspects of stigma theory were not supported by the data are offered.
Testing the function of song-matching in birds: responses of eastern male song sparrows Melospiza melodia to partial song-matching

Summary Song-matching has been hypothesized to be a signal of aggressive intentions whereby matching an opponent signals that the singer is likely to attack. Theory predicts that an aggressive signal should impose a cost that enforces the signal’s reliability. A receiver-dependent cost imposed by the matched bird’s aggressive retaliation has been proposed for song-matching. We tested for such a cost for partial song-matching in an eastern population of song sparrows where males lack the shared song types necessary for song type matching, but can perform partial song-matching using shared song segments. We tested aggressive response, as measured by average distance to a playback speaker, to partial-matching songs and non-matching songs. We predicted a stronger aggressive response to partial-matching songs, as has been shown for whole song-matching in western song sparrow populations. The birds in our study responded no differently to partial-matching and non-matching songs. Neither the distance to the playback speaker nor singing responses differed between playback treatments. Our results do not support a receiver-dependent cost to partial song-matching, as would be expected if partial-matching is a direct threat. Instead, we suggest that partial song-matching functions as a signal of attention.
Composites in Aviation Industry and National Economy

Permenantly increasing requirements to improving weight efficiency, service life and reliability of aerospace vehicles intensify studies on developing new materials and technological processes. This basic trend is considered as the main one both in the leading countries of the world and USSR.
Trends in infant bedding use: National Infant Sleep Position study, 1993-2010.

BACKGROUND: Use of potentially hazardous bedding, as defined by the American Academy of Pediatrics (eg, pillows, quilts, comforters, loose bedding), is a modifiable risk factor for sudden infant death syndrome and unintentional sleep-related suffocation. The proportion of US infants sleeping with these types of bedding is unknown. METHODS: To investigate the US prevalence of and trends in bedding use, we analyzed 1993–2010 data from the National Infant Sleep Position study. Infants reported as being usually placed to sleep with blankets, quilts, pillows, and other similar materials under or covering them in the last 2 weeks were classified as bedding users. Logistic regression was used to describe characteristics associated with bedding use. RESULTS: From 1993 to 2010, bedding use declined but remained a widespread practice (moving average of 85.9% in 1993–1995 to 54.7% in 2008–2010). Prevalence was highest for infants of teen-aged mothers (83.5%) and lowest for infants born at term (55.6%). Bedding use was also frequently reported among infants sleeping in adult beds, on their sides, and on a shared surface. The rate of decline in bedding use was markedly less from 2001–2010 compared with 1993–2000. For 2007 to 2010, the strongest predictors (adjusted odds ratio: ≥1.5) of bedding use were young maternal age, non-white race and ethnicity, and not being college educated. CONCLUSIONS: Bedding use for infant sleep remains common despite recommendations against this practice. Understanding trends in bedding use is important for tailoring safe sleep interventions.
A Study of the Reuse of Reused Water

Lubbock is located in the center of the semiarid High Plains of Texas. Due to a shortage of adequate water-based recreational facilities in the region, the City Planning Department developed a scheme for converting an eight-mile intracity canyon into a linear park containing a series of small recreational lakes. Funds amounting to over 11 million dollars were committed to the project by a local bond issue and various governmental organizations. The proposed lake makeup water is unique. Never before has a serious attempt been made to develop recreational lakes utilizing urban runoff and twice-used reclaimed municipal waste water as the sole source of supply. The majority of the makeup water will be obtained from wells on a farm which has received the major portion of Lubbock's secondary treated sewage since 1938 and used it for irrigation purposes. In order to ascertain the suitability of utilizing this reclaimed sewage effluent for recreational purposes, the Texas Tech University Water Resources Center with the aid of an OWRT grant constructed a model system designed to simulate the lake project. Research performed to date includes algal growth potential studies, water quality analyses, bacteriological assays, viral assays, and fish life studies.
Crystal structure of phosphoserine phosphatase from Methanococcus jannaschii, a hyperthermophile, at 1.8 A resolution.

Abstract Background: D-Serine is a co-agonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate subtype of glutamate receptors, a major neurotransmitter receptor family in mammalian nervous systems. D-Serine is converted from L-serine, 90% of which is the product of the enzyme phosphoserine phosphatase (PSP). PSP from M. jannaschii (MJ) shares significant sequence homology with human PSP. PSPs and P-type ATPases are members of the haloacid dehalogenase (HAD)-like hydrolase family, and all members share three conserved sequence motifs. PSP and P-type ATPases utilize a common mechanism that involves Mg 2+ -dependent phosphorylation and autodephosphorylation at an aspartyl side chain in the active site. The strong resemblance in sequence and mechanism implies structural similarity among these enzymes. Results: The PSP crystal structure resembles the NAD(P) binding Rossmann fold with a large insertion of a four-helix-bundle domain and a β hairpin. Three known conserved sequence motifs are arranged next to each other in space and outline the active site. A phosphate and a magnesium ion are bound to the active site. The active site is within a closed environment between the core α/β domain and the four-helix-bundle domain. Conclusions: The crystal structure of MJ PSP was determined at 1.8 A resolution. Critical residues were assigned based on the active site structure and ligand binding geometry. The PSP structure is in a closed conformation that may resemble the phosphoserine bound state or the state after autodephosphorylation. Compared to a P-type ATPase (Ca 2+ -ATPase) structure, which is in an open state, this PSP structure appears also to be a good model for the closed conformation of P-type ATPase.
Saving the Good Stuff

H. Arlo Nimmo The Songs of Salanda and Other Stories of Sulu. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1994. + 237 pp., map. Jean-Paul Dumont. Visayan Vignettes: Ethnographic Traces of. Philippine Island. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992. xxii. 226 pp., maps, photos, figures, index.
Three-Dimensional Hydrodynamic Simulation of Tidal Flow through a Vegetated Marsh Area

AbstractSimulation of tidal flow in an estuarine marsh area is challenging because of resistance from spatially and temporally varied vegetation. This study simulated the tidal flow in the Davis Pond marsh area near New Orleans, Louisiana, using an open source program. To quantify the time-varying roughness coefficient, four empirical equations for calculating Manning’s roughness coefficient were incorporated into the program in addition to two options offered by the program to calculate the Chezy’s coefficient and one option to use the modified momentum equations and the k−ϵ turbulence model. Results showed that the time-varying roughness coefficient equations accounting for both the degree of submergence and the vegetation frontal area gave the closest matches with the observed data.
A comparison of three analog optical links for high dynamic range applications

A new heterodyne interferometric phase modulation (HIPM) link and a new subcarrier frequency modulation with direct detection (SFM-DD) link are proposed. To generate angle-modulated signals at the receiver, the HIPM system utilize a novel external modulator, while the SFM-DD system uses electronic preprocessing. The spurious free dynamic ranges (SFDR) of the SFM-DD and HIPM systems are larger than that of the amplitude modulation with direct detection (AMDD) system; when relative intensity noise (RIN) is dominant, these two systems can show 26 dB and 28 dB advantages with respect to the AMDD system, respectively. >
Programmable CTD filtering using coefficients 0, +1, and -1

In a previous paper, a simple filtering scheme based on delta modulation and using only coefficients 0, +1, and −1 was presented. In the present paper, those results are extended to highpass and bandpass filters and various techniques are presented to improve the performance of these filters. Examples are provided.
Wrenching and Oil Migration, Mervine Field Area, Kay County, Oklahoma

ABSTRACT Since 1913, Mervine Field (27N-3E) has produced oil from 11 Mississippian and Pennsylvanian zones, and gas from two Permian zones. The field exhibits an impressive asymmetric surface anticline, with the steeper flank dipping thirty degrees east, maximum. A nearly vertical, basement-involved fault develops immediately beneath the steep flank of the surface anticline. Three periods of left-lateral wrench faulting account for 93 percent of all structural growth: 24 percent in post-Mississippian-pre-Desmoinesian time, 21 percent in Virgilian time, and 48 percent in post-Wolfcampian time. The Devonian Woodford Shale (and possibly the Desmoinesian Cherokee and Ordovician Simpson shales) locally generated oil in Mesozoic through early Cenozoic time, which should have been structurally trapped in the Ordovician Bromide Sandstone. This may have joined oil already trapped in the Bromide, which had migrated to the Mervine area during the early Pennsylvanian from a distant source. Intense post-Wolfcampian movement(s) fractured the competent pre-Pennsylvanian rocks, allowing Bromide brine and entrained oil to vertically migrate up the master fault, finally accumulating in younger reservoirs. Pressure, temperatures, and salinity anomalies attest that vertical fluid migration continues at the present time at Mervine Field. Consequently, pressure, temperature, and salinity mapping should be considered as a valuable supplement to structural and lithologic mapping when prospecting for structural hydrocarbon accumulations in intracratonic provinces.
Astrocyte Regulation of CNS Inflammation and Remyelination

Astrocytes regulate fundamentally important functions to maintain central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis. Altered astrocytic function is now recognized as a primary contributing factor to an increasing number of neurological diseases. In this review, we provide an overview of our rapidly developing understanding of the basal and inflammatory functions of astrocytes as mediators of CNS responsiveness to inflammation and injury. Specifically, we elaborate on ways that astrocytes actively participate in the pathogenesis of demyelinating diseases of the CNS through their immunomodulatory roles as CNS antigen presenting cells, modulators of blood brain barrier function and as a source of chemokines and cytokines. We also outline how changes in the extracellular matrix can modulate astrocytes phenotypically, resulting in dysregulation of astrocytic responses during inflammatory injury. We also relate recent studies describing newly identified roles for astrocytes in leukodystrophies. Finally, we describe recent advances in how adapting this increasing breadth of knowledge on astrocytes has fostered new ways of thinking about human diseases, which offer potential to modulate astrocytic heterogeneity and plasticity towards therapeutic gain. In summary, recent studies have provided improved insight in a wide variety of neuroinflammatory and demyelinating diseases, and future research on astrocyte pathophysiology is expected to provide new perspectives on these diseases, for which new treatment modalities are increasingly necessary.
Estimation of the Returns to Education with Hourly Standardized Incomes

The visit of economics to education reminds one of the story of the man who came to dinner and stayed to become a permanent resident in the household. The guest appears to be a prestigious fellow and seems to know what he is about, so he is even increasingly consulted on the dinner menus, just as economic analyses of education are given more and more weight. Yet, while important new insights into certain aspects of education have been added by economists, there is still a great deal to be learned about the limits as well as the potential of economic analysis in this area. The initial attempts to assess the economic role of education were frankly first approximations.' The next steps have not gone far beyond that, in large part due to intractable data limitations. Yet the issues are too important to pass over, and there rightly continue to be attempts to gain additional understanding by exploring oblique approaches with limited types of information. This paper presents the results of one such exploration. The major variation from the by-now-conventional methods, which is employed here, is the estimation of private returns using incomes adjusted to a common annual hourly basis. This revised approach raises with new force a question as to the economic value of education. Estimates of the returns to education are based on income-age profiles projected for "typical" individuals in each education category. Most estimates of income-age profiles, including the study
Nonlinear commuted synthesis of bowed strings

A commuted-synthesis model for bowed strings is driven by a separate nonlinear model of bowed-string dynamics. This gives the desirable combination of a full range of complex bow-string interaction behavior together with an efficiently implemented body resonator. A “single-hair bow” may control a pulsed-noise version which provide the effects of multiple bow hairs. The pulsed noise may also include qualitatively the impulse responses of commuted high-frequency body modes.
A Sub-Microwatt Low-Noise Amplifier for Neural Recording

In this paper we present a pre-amplifier designed for neural recording applications. Extremely low power dissipation is achieved by operating in an open-loop configuration, restricting the circuit to a single current branch, and reusing current to improve noise performance. Our amplifier exhibits 3.5 microVrms of input-referred noise and has a digitally-controlled gain between 36dB and 44dB. The amplifier is AC-coupled, with a pass-band from 0.3 Hz to 4.7kHz. The circuit is implemented in a 0.5 microm SOI Bi-CMOS process and consumes 805nA from a 1.0V supply, corresponding to a noise efficiency factor (NEF) of 1.8, which is the lowest reported NEF to date.
The Main Features of Meiosis

The most important modification of mitosis is meiosis, which is the reduction division that gives rise to the haploid generation in the life cycle. In mammals, the haploid generation is restricted to one cell, the gamete, whereas the other cells in the animal itself are diploid. However, in many other organisms, especially lower plants, the haploid generation is more important than the diploid; or the two generations may be more or less equal, as in the mosses. In those organisms in which the haploid phase dominates, the diploid generation may be represented by only one cell, the zygote. Under those circumstances, meiosis takes place immediately after fertilization.
PAIN IN THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES: Practical Aspects of Diagnosis and Treatment

Musculoskeletal pain is a pervasive complaint of people seeking medical attention and is the most frequent symptom leading to patient visits to a rheumatologist. Diagnosis and treatment of this symptom are often problematic because of the many conditions that can cause pain, the subjective nature of the complaint, and the variety of psychosocial factors that can modify the pain experience. Although many patients with musculoskeletal disease understand the limitations on the cure of their condition, they nevertheless seek and expect relief from the associated pain whatever its origin. Pain is a uniquely subjective experience, and there is no clear definition of what constitutes "normal" pain-related behavior. Many musculoskeletal disorders cause few, if any, symptoms in some individuals but significant distress in others. In a similar fashion, patients vary widely in their response to treatment. Although many patients with musculosketal disease improve after standard pharmacological and physical management, other patients with the same diagnosis and physical and radiographic findings report distressing levels of pain even after an apparently objective response to identical therapy. Recent years have witnessed dramatic advances in our understanding of the neuroanatomy of pain pathways and the neurophysiology of pain regulation. As reviewed in other articles in this issue, these advances provide a context for interpreting symptomatology and guiding both the diagnosis and treatment of the collection of musculoskeletal disorders. Rather than addressing theoretical issues, this article emphasizes practical aspects of disease management, including the differential diagnosis of pain in the rheumatic diseases and the interplay of physical and psychological factors in the etiology of this frequently debilitating symptom.
Phase transformations and indications for acoustic mode softening in Tb-Gd orthophosphate

At ambient conditions the anhydrous rare earth orthophosphates assume either the xenotime (zircon) or the monazite structure, with the latter favored for the heavier rare earths and by increasing pressure. Tb0.5Gd0.5PO4 assumes the xenotime structure at ambient conditions but is at the border between the xenotime and monazite structures. Here we show that, at high pressure, Tb0.5Gd0.5PO4 does not transform directly to monazite but through an intermediate anhydrite-type structure. Axial deformation of the unit cell near the anhydrite- to monazite-type transition indicates softening of the (c1133 + c1313) combined elastic moduli. Stress response of rare-earth orthophosphate ceramics can be affected by both formation of the anhydrite-type phase and the elastic softening in the vicinity of the monazite-phase. We report the first structural data for an anhydrite-type rare earth orthophosphate.
The Importance of Cattle Diseases in the United Kingdom in Relation to the Research Carried Out Upon Them

SUMMARY Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries & Food surveys and an opinion survey from veterinary surgeons in private practice were used to assess the incidence and importance of various cattle diseases. The research effort devoted to them was estimated from the number of papers published for each disease between the years 1959-63. A comparison of the data shows that some diseases do not receive the attention their importance deserves.
REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF OTOTYLOMYS (CRICETIDAE)

Reproductive biology of the Neotropical climbing-rat, Ototy- lomys, is described, based on the examination of 86 offspring of animals live- trapped from Campeche, Mexico. Animals were maintained in the Michigan State University Live Animal Colony. Vaginal smears were collected from Ototylomys kept in 14 hours of light and 10 hours of darkness. The average interval between comified cell periods was 8.8 ? 0.5 days. A postpartum estrous was observed for all littering females, as evidenced by the presence of sperm in vaginal smears taken within 24 hours after the discovery of new litters. Females mated as early as 29 days and males as early as 175 days. Gestation period was 52.8 ? 2.1 days. No statistical difference was found between the mean gestation lengths of lactating and nonlactating females. Both minimum and maximum extremes in gestation lengths were observed in lactating females. Embryos were first detected by palpation on day 14 of gestation. The fetal head was initially distinguishable at 28 days. Average litter size of 2.4 young consisted of 46 males and 40 females. The standard measurements, in millimeters, on day one were as follows: total length, 119.5 - 0.9; tail length, 47.1 - 0.8; hind foot, 16.4 ? 0.2; ear, 9.4 ? 0.2; weight, 10.2 ? 0.3 grams. The least variance over time was observed in the length of head and body. At birth, head and body length was 46.4 percent of adult body length. No statistical differences were found between males and females. For approximately 30 days after birth, the very precocial neonates adhere tenaciously to their mother's inguinal teats. The largest number of individuals initially responded to loud noises by day two and had opened their eyes by day six. Hearing preceded eye opening in all but four cases. Ototylomys reach 50 percent of adult body length by day two and 90 percent by 58 days of age. The reproductive biology of Ototylomys was judged to be primitive in form and best adapted for scansorial living. Early efforts to evaluate the possible evolutionary significance of reproduc- tive biology were made by Mossman (1953) and Keys (1958). They proposed that the internal mechanisms of implantation and subsequent development of placental membranes occurred under uniform internal conditions and with little influence from external environment. These characteristics would be more conservative than the usual morphological criteria in current use and therefore may be more evolutionarily significant. Within the cricetid genus, Peromyscus, Layne (1968) found that body size and environment were the most influential factors governing gestation length and postnatal development. To further elucidate evolutionary and reproductive relationships found in rodents, I have examined the reproductive biology of Ototylomnys. The re- sults are described herein and compared to the reproductive biology of other cricetid rodents as reported in the literature. Ototylomys belongs to an assemblage of Neotropical cricetine rodents of obscure ancestry. Ototylomys has been placed in the subfamily Neotominae
NASAL ANATOMY AND THE PHYLOGENY OF REPTILES

In the course of research on the embryology of the reptilian nose, I concluded that the structure and development of the nasal cavities in various recent tetrapods might give some clews to the phylogeny of the major groups of reptiles. The detailed results of this research are being published elsewhere (Parsons, in press), but it seems advisable to consider the major phylogenetic implications separately, without burying them in a mass of descriptive data; such is the aim of this paper. The division of the class Reptilia into major subgroups and the relationships between such subgroups have long been subjects of debate in the literature. On the basis of the anatomy of the heart and aortic arches, Goodrich (1916) proposed dividing the reptiles into the sauropsids, comprised of all the living orders of reptiles and their fossil relatives including the ancestors of birds, and the theropsids, those groups of extinct reptiles which are related to the ancestry of mammals. His views have been widely accepted by many workers, especially Watson (1951-1957) who has utilized the anatomy of the middle ear as further evidence for the separation of sauropsid and theropsid reptiles. However other authors have been impressed with the differences between turtles and all other recent groups. The most important paper stressing these differences, especially those in the skull, is that of Olson (1947), who divides the reptiles into the Parareptilia (turtles and fossil relatives) and the Eureptilia (all other reptiles, including the other recent reptilian orders and the ancestors of both birds and mammals). Obviously in any subj ect of disagreement such as this, more evidence is needed. Nasal anatomy appears to offer some assistance, and is therefore of considerable interest. Although detailed anatomical descriptions are beyond the scope of this paper, a brief outline of the major features of each group is included before the more detailed consideration of the phylogenetic implications. The following section is essentially a rather extensive footnote or appendix presenting a summary of the data on which the remainder of this paper is based. More complete anatomical descriptions and many references to the literature may be found in the works of Matthes (1934) and Parsons (in press). Major papers on the olfactory bulbs and neural connections of the nose include those of Zuckerkandl (1910), Herrick (1921), and Crosby and Humphrey (1939). All the observations summarized below are taken from these works or works cited in them. I am indebted to Drs. Ernest E. Williams and Alfred S. Romer of Harvard University for their many helpful suggestions and comments concerning this subject, and to Drs. Williams and Ernst Mayr for kindly reading the manuscript for me. Finally my thanks are due to Mrs. Thomas S. Parsons for assistance in the preparation of the manuscript and, especially, the illustrations.
Exploring differences in the american states’ procurement practices

This exploratory article examines the issue of state government procurement. It uses original survey data to create a measure of reformed state procurement practices, as suggested by the literature, and explores the ability of several variables from the state policy literature to explain observed differences in state procurement. Findings suggest that the states’ procurement practices possess varying degrees of reform characteristics, that interest group diversity, legislative professionalism, results-oriented management, and regional effects each have significant relationships to state procurement practices, and that several “classic” explanations of state policy are not significantly related to state procurement practices. One implication is that procurement, like other forms of state administrative policy, may not be readily explained by widely utilized theories of state policy.
Evaluation of p63 expression in lung cancer by use of complementary DNA and tissue microarray

Objective To study p63 expression at mRNA transcript and protein levels in human lung cancers, including squamous cell lung carcinoma (SCC) , adenocarcinoma, large cell lung carcinoma (LCLC) and small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) , or the corresponding metastatic foci. The relationship of p63 expression and alterations in p63 locus at chromosomal 3q27-29 was also determined. Methods p63 gene expression in 72 cases of SCC, adenocarcinoma, LCLC and SCLC was analyzed by cDNA microarray technology. Tissue microarray of specimens from 150 cases of primary lung cancer was prepared for immunohistochemical study for p63 protein. Possible chromosomal alterations at the p63 locus in 70 cases of primary lung cancer were studied by comparative genomic hybridization ( CGH) technology. Results p63 mRNA transcript expression was significantly increased by more than 10-fold in SCC, as compared with that in other histologic subtypes including adenocarcinoma, LCLC and SCLC. p63 mRNA expression in metastatic foci was also remarkably higher than that in their primary tumors (P 0. 001). Immunostaining showed that p63 protein expression was observed in 94. 64% of SCC, whereas only one lung adenocarcinoma (1. 79% ) was positive. Immunopositivity was also demonstrated in 2 of the 4 LCLC cases studied. None of the SCLC cases was positive. There was a statistically significant difference in p63 expression between pT1 and pT2 tumors (P 0. 05). The CGH results showed that overrepresentation of p63 locus at chromosomal 3q27-29 was a typical finding in SCC. p63 immunopositivity also correlated significantly with pronounced gains of p63 locus at chromosomal 3q27-q29 (P 0. 000 1) , suggesting that strong expression of p63 in lung SCC was associated with increased gene amplification. Conclusion p63 may play a role in oncogenesis of human lung squamous cell carcinoma and development of metastasis.
The Internet and Marketing Pedagogy

Results of a survey developed by Robert Half International Inc. were released in April 1996 and revealed that 61 percent of executives believed that a strong understanding of how to use the Internet would make them more marketable in their fields. Moreover, 76 percent thought that Internet skills would help them to advance in their careers in the next five years. The survey was conducted by an independent research firm with 150 executives from the nation’s 1,000 largest companies.
Epigenetics of Pluripotency

Every cell in a multicellular organism carries the same set of genetic material, but their function and differentiation potential differ greatly. Covalent modifications to DNA or the histone proteins at specific genomic regions are important for cell type-specific gene expression programs. The genomic landscape of such covalent modifications is commonly referred to as the epigenome. How is the epigenome of each cell established and maintained? In recent years, scientists have tried to answer this fundamental question by using embryonic stem cells as a unique in vitro model of cellular differentiation. This chapter reviews recent studies that demonstrate a critical role for epigenetic processes in establishing and safeguarding the pluripotency of embryonic stem cells.
Fine-tuning vascular fate during endothelial-mesenchymal transition.

In the heart and other organs, endothelial–mesenchymal transition (EndMT) has emerged as an important developmental process that involves coordinated migration, differentiation, and proliferation of the endothelium. In multiple disease states including cancer angiogenesis and cardiovascular disease, the processes that regulate EndMT are recapitulated, albeit in an uncoordinated and dysregulated manner. Members of the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) superfamily are well known to impart cellular plasticity during EndMT by the timely activation (or repression) of transcription factors and miRNAs in addition to epigenetic regulation of gene expression. On the other hand, fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are reported to augment or oppose TGFβ-driven EndMT in specific contexts. Here, we have synthesized the currently understood roles of TGFβ and FGF signalling during EndMT and have provided a new, comprehensive paradigm that delineates how an autocrine and paracrine TGFβ/FGF axis coordinates endothelial cell specification and plasticity. We also provide new guidelines and nomenclature that considers factors such as endothelial cell heterogeneity to better define EndMT across different vascular beds. This perspective should therefore help to clarify why TGFβ and FGF can both cooperate with or oppose one another during the complex process of EndMT in both health and disease. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The initial design and feasibility study of an affordable high-resolution 100-cm long PET

This is a design and feasibility study of an affordable high-resolution 100 cm long PET covering the entire body (EB-PET) for imaging head-&-torso in one fixed bed position. Our design studies show that EB-PET may image the entire body in 2-4 minutes with a low 2.5 mCi FDG dose. The high patient throughput may lower the cost of wholebody imaging and the low dose would allow more frequent cancer-management monitoring. EB-PET can capture dynamic wholebody time-activity images and arterial (cardiac) input function concurrently to yield quantitative metabolic images for the wholebody to improve diagnosis and to measure wholebody systemic side effects of therapy. Dynamic imaging using EB-PET may also unshackle wholebody PET imaging from the static FDG-type of tracers required by current PET to new classes of more dynamic tracers. The EB-PET detection system is based on the latest generation of the low-cost BGO detector prototypes developed in our laboratory which can decode 121 BGO crystals per PMT (39 mm diameter), thereby enabling this very large system to use only 1768 PMT for its 205,700 high resolution crystals (3.5 x 3.5 x 20 mm). The system resolution and NES characteristics were also calculated with Monte Carlo (MC) simulations (GATE/GEANT) for point sources, NEMA NES phantom and wholebody Turkington phantoms. Prototype detectors achieved a 15% energy resolution and clearly decoded 3.5 x 3.5 mm detectors. With such data, MC simulations show that the central transaxial image resolution is 3.2 mm (4.4 mm) for 5 cross-ring coincidences (274 cross-ring coincidences), while at 10 cm transaxial radius, the image resolution is 4.2 mm (5.1 mm).
Characterization of tumor-directed cellular immune responses in humans

Understanding tumor/host immune interactions may help to fight cancer. Growing knowledge about T cell responses and increasing success of immunotherapeutic approaches have created the need for methods to characterize tumor-directed cellular immune responses. The spectrum of methods reaches from protein-based methods, including tetramers or intracellular flow cytometry, to genetic assays, such as TCR analysis or microarray techniques, further on to functional assays analysing proliferation and microtoxicity. Here, we describe these and further methods and explain their respective application in human tumor immunology.
Two Models of Radical Revelation in Austrian Philosophy

In this paper I highlight two opposing models of the notion of divine revelation: the propositional and the radical. Th e propositional understanding of revelation was central to theology and philosophy until the 19 th century. Since then, a number of other models of revelation have emerged. I defi ne as radical the understanding of revelation which emphasizes two features of revelation: 1 ) God’s existence is *per se* revelatory; 2 ) God’s revelation is *per se* self-revelation. I propose too an assessment of the notion of propositional revelation as presented by Richard Swinburne. And I off er detailed analyses of two representatives of the early understanding of divine revelation as self-revelation: the views of Bernard Bolzano and Anton Gunther. Bolzano, the renowned mathematician, was also a philosopher of religion; and Gunther, one of the most ingenious writers in Austrian philosophy, was not only a theologian but also a philosopher comparable to the important fi gures of 19 th century German thought.
Does biomarker information impact breast cancer patients’ preferences and physician recommendation for adjuvant chemotherapy?

This study aimed to examine how biomarker information would impact patients’ preferences and physicians’ recommendations for adjuvant breast cancer therapy. At the 18-month follow-up, participants in a large, double-blind randomized controlled trial of adjuvant chemotherapy with bevacizumab or placebo (E5103) were surveyed about their preferred treatment (either chemotherapy A alone or chemotherapy A+B) in two hypothetical scenarios: (1) without biomarker information; and (2) after learning that they tested positive for a “B-receptor” which modestly increased both the benefit and toxicity expected with chemotherapy A+B. We performed a cross-sectional analysis of the prospectively collected survey data and used the McNemar’s test to examine changes in treatment preferences. A one-time survey of clinical investigators who enrolled patients on the trial evaluated physician recommendations in response to the same biomarker information. 439 patients completed both scenarios on 18-month survey. Most participants preferred A+B in both scenario 1 and 2 (77 and 76% respectively). The increase in benefit and toxicity associated with the positive biomarker information in scenario 2 led 60/439 (14%) of patients to switch their treatment preference. The corresponding physician survey revealed that most physicians chose regimen A+B in scenario 1 (77%), and moreso after the biomarker information was available in scenario 2 (84%). Information about a positive biomarker indicating increased benefit and toxicity from additional chemotherapy did not change many participants’ preferred treatment. The majority preferred the most effective course in both scenarios. Similarly, most investigators discounted increased toxicity and valued increased benefit. Parent Trial Registration: NCT00433511
A compensatory rest break system for VDT operators

Short rest breaks at 10 or 15-min intervals are being proposed as a means to moderate health problems and discomfort associated with continuous VDT use. This laboratory study evaluated an alternati...
The role of microsurgical varicocelectomy in treating male infertility.

Varicoceles are the most common cause of male infertility. They afflict 15–20% of the general male population and 40% of males with primary infertility. Although multiple treatment modalities exist, including radiographic embolization and laparoscopy, open subinguinal microsurgical varicocelectomy is currently the gold standard of treatment for this condition. In this article, we discuss the role of varicocelectomy in the treatment of the modern infertile male and present a practical, safe, and reproducible technique for the microsurgical approach.
Quelques aspects de la genese du raisonnement mathematique chez l'enfant

L'etude genetique de la pensee enfantine, dont on a montre quelques aspects dans le domaine mathematique, verifie l'assertion, courante aujourd'hui, que l'enfant doit agir pour comprendre. Elle apporte cependant des renseignements supplementaires sur les processus d'abstraction qui interviennent a partir de l'action. Les actions que l'enfant accomplit sur le materiel, qu'il s'agisse de construire une tour ou de deformer un volume, doivent etre comprises non comme des actions a sens unique, qui modifient unilateralement le milieu, mais comme des actions qui s'integrent dans un contexte, contexte qui est precisement un systeme ferme d'actions semblables accomplies sur le meme materiel. Parmi ces actions diverses l'action inverse, qui annule exactement toute modification apportee au materiel, joue un role privilegie. A ce systeme ferme correspond uninvariant qui peut etre une longueur, un nombre, une direction privilegiee. Mais, parallelement, l'enfant doit coordonner divers reperes perceptifs qu'il recueille dans le milieu. Les deformations qu'il fait subir au milieu, lorsqu'il prend en consideration seulement un indice, doivent etre compensees par des deformations inverses obtenues a partir d'un indice complementaire. L'abstraction repose precisement sur ce double processus de compensation et de reversibilite. Il en resulte la constitution d'invariants qui sont autant d'instruments de pensee, et la formation des structures achevees etudiees en logique et dans les mathematiques.
Clinical Outcomes and Mortality Impact of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Patients with Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

Objectives:Carbon monoxide poisoning affects 50,000 per year in the United States alone. Mortality is approximately 3%, and up to 40% of survivors suffer from permanent neurocognitive and affective deficits. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy has shown benefit on reducing the long-term neurologic sequelae of
Measuring What Matters: Assessing Creativity, Critical Thinking, and the Design Process:

The field of gifted education has a rich history of proposing and implementing innovative pedagogical practices to develop students’ creative and critical thinking, yet less attention has been give...
Echocardiography in Pulmonary Vascular Disease

This chapter will focus on the principles and uses of the Doppler echocardiography (DE) examination in patients with pulmonary vascular disease (PVD). That is, patients who have pulmonary hypertension that is related to a marked increase in the pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and loss of large pulmonary artery (PA) compliance. We will also address the role of DE in the initial assessment of patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) of all causes, as the diagnosis of PH typically precedes confirmation or exclusion of PVD as the cause of PH. We will emphasize noninvasive clues that provide insight into the pathophysiology of an individual patient’s PH prior to invasive hemodynamic assessment. To accomplish this, a basic understanding of the right side of the heart and the pulmonary circulation is required, then how various forms of PH, including PVD, can disrupt the right ventricle (RV)–PA interaction. Using a more integrated approach helps the clinician avoid some of the pitfalls of the DE examination, especially the overreliance on the Doppler pressure estimation in the initial diagnosis and serial assessment of patients with PH. This approach also improves the diagnostic sensitivity of the DE examination for PVD and improves patient selection for further invasive hemodynamic testing.
EVIDENCE FOR AN EARLY SULFHYDRYL REAGENT SENSITIVE STEP DURING LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION

Publisher Summary This chapter presents evidence for an early sulfhydryl reagent sensitive step during lymphocyte activation. In a study described in the chapter, human peripheral blood lymphocytes were prepared from heparinized blood by dextran sedimentation and isopycnic centrifugation on Ficoll/Hypaque gradients. In the study, 2 × 105 lymphocytes were cultured in 0.2 ml in microtitre plates with mitogenic concentrations of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or ConA. Diamide [diazine dicarboxylic acid bis (N,N-dimethylamide)] was added at the initiation of the culture or at various times thereafter. Activation was assayed by adding 0.1 μCi of 3H thymidine to each well at 68 h of culture, and the lymphocytes were harvested at 72 h using an automated multiple sample harvester. When diamide was added coincidentally with lectin, there was a dose-related inhibition of activation with no decrease in 3H thymidine incorporation at 10−5 M and complete suppression of activation at 10−3 M or greater. If diamide (2 × 10−4 M) was added to culture at various times after PHA or ConA, there was complete inhibition of activation up to 30 min and progressively less suppression at longer times.
Measures of respiratory inductance plethysmography (RIP) in children with neuromuscular disease.

Background Pulmonary function testing (PFT) is essential for the clinical assessment of respiratory problems. Respiratory inductance plethysmography (RIP) is a non-invasive method of PFT requiring minimal patient cooperation. RIP measures the volumetric change in the ribcage and abdomen, from which work of breathing (WOB) indices are derived. WOB indices include: phase angle (Ф), percent ribcage (RC%), respiratory rate (RR), and labored breathing index (LBI). Heart rate (HR) is collected separately. Aim The goal of this study was to assess the utility of a newly developed RIP system, the pneuRIP, in an outpatient clinic setting in children with neuromuscular (NM) disease. Method The pneuRIP system measures and displays the WOB indices in real-time on an iPad display. Forty-three subjects, 22 NM patients and 21 healthy children (ages: 5-18 years) were enrolled. Results Patients' means showed an increase of 119.8% for Ф, 15.7% for LBI, and 19.9% for HR compared with healthy subjects, when adjusted for age and gender. The study found significant differences between the mean values of the healthy subjects and patients in Ф (P = 0.000), LBI (P = 0.001), and HR (P = 0.001). No differences were noted for RC% and RR between groups. Data for Ф in NM patients were diffusely distributed as compared with healthy subjects based on analysis of histograms. Conclusion Non-invasive pneuRIP testing provided instantaneous PFT results. As compared to healthy subjects, NM patients showed abnormal results with increased markers of thoracoabdominal asynchrony, WOB indices, and biphasic breathing patterns likely resulting from NM weakness.
English-Language Bibliography of Interest for Hungarian Cultural Studies: 2011-2012

For a more extensive bibliography of Hungarian Studies from about 2000 to 2010, for which this is an update, see Louise O. Vasvari, Steven Totosy de Zepetnek, and Carlo Salzani. “Bibliography for Work in Hungarian Studies as Comparative Central European Studies.” CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture (Library) (2011): http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/clcweblibrary/hungarianstudiesbibliography. As the title indicates, this bibliography covers the last year but it is supplemented by numerous earlier items that were not originally included in the large bibliography.
Consumptive coagulopathy is associated with organ dysfunction during PICS.

Patients who survive the acute phase of sepsis can progress to persistent inflammation, immunosuppression, and catabolism syndrome (PICS). Although sepsis is characterized by early hypercoagulabili...