cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Private Property versus Markets: Democratic and Communitarian Critiques of Capitalism

This essay assesses communitarian and democratic critiques of capitalist economies. Distinguishing them are sharply contrasting evaluations of markets and private property. Communitarian critics of capitalism trace its moral failure to the marketplace. Drawing on Aristotle's normative economics, this school maintains that production for gain corrodes society's moral fabric. I defend the democratic approach. Democratic critics accept the modern claim that markets are both efficient and liberating. Capitalist ownership relations are another matter, indicted because they constitute a form of private power over people's lives. I reconstruct the ethical core of the democratic school and contend that it offers a better understanding of the most objectionable aspects of capitalist economies while avoiding the dangers inherent in the communitarian approach.
Molecular Aspects of Muscarinic Receptor Dimerization

The five muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (M1–M5) are prototypical members of the superfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). During the past decade, this laboratory has used different members of this receptor subfamily as model systems to study the molecular mechanisms involved in GPCR function. This article reviews recent investigations dealing with molecular aspects of M3 muscarinic receptor assembly and dimerization/oligomerization. Studies with coexpressed M3 receptor fragments and M3 muscarinic/α2C-adrenergic hybrid receptors showed that muscarinic receptors, like other GPCRs, are composed of multiple autonomous folding domains. Moreover, biochemical studies have provided direct evidence for the formation of M3 receptor dimers/oligomers. These high molecular mass receptor species are expressed on the cell surface and can bind muscarinic ligands. M3 receptor dimerization/oligomerization appears to be receptor subtype-selective and involves both non-covalent interactions as well as disulfide-crosslinking of receptor monomers. These studies add to the growing number of reports suggesting the existence of GPCR dimers or multimers. The precise functional characteristics of such receptor aggregates remain to be elucidated.
Social Dynamics and Mixed Emotions

The commentators collectively indicate a variety of further considerations that should factor into an account of musical emotion beyond those I consider. I agree that we should seek a more holistic...
Synthesis and characterization of polyimidothioethers

Polyimidothioethers were synthesized as possible polymers for evaluation as X-ray resists. These polymers were varied in the ratio of the monomers and in their structures. Aliphatic thiols, bismaleimides, and iodonium monomers were used. The composition was varied using ratios of the bisimide to iodonium of 9: 1, 8 : 2, 7 : 3, 6 : 4, 5 : 5, and 0 : 1. The ratio of the thiols, containing 6 to 10 CH2 groups, to the monomers was 1 : 1. The synthesis and characterization of the intermediate compounds and polymers are described in detail.
FPGA-based RF spectrum merging and adaptive hopset selection

The radio frequency (RF) spectrum is a limited resource. Spectrum allotment disputes stem from this scarcity as many radio devices are confined to a fixed frequency or frequency sequence. One alternative is to incorporate cognition within a reconfigurable radio platform, therefore enabling the radio to adapt to dynamic RF spectrum environments. In this way, the radio is able to actively sense the RF spectrum, decide, and act accordingly, thereby sharing the spectrum and operating in more flexible manner. In this paper, we present a novel solution for merging many distributed RF spectrum maps into one map and for subsequently creating an adaptive hopset. We also provide an example of our system in operation, the result of which is a pseudorandom adaptive hopset. The paper then presents a novel hardware design for the frequency merger and adaptive hopset selector, both of which are written in VHDL and implemented as a custom IP core on an FPGA-based embedded system using the Xilinx Embedded Development Kit (EDK) software tool. The design of the custom IP core is optimized for area, and it can process a high-volume digital input via a low-latency circuit architecture. The complete embedded system includes the Xilinx PowerPC microprocessor, UART serial connection, and compact flash memory card IP cores, and our custom map merging/hopset selection IP core, all of which are targeted to the Virtex IV FPGA. This system is then incorporated into a cognitive radio prototype on a Rice University Wireless Open Access Research Platform (WARP) reconfigurable radio.
Resilient microprocessor design for high performance & energy efficiency

Conventional microprocessors require a clock frequency (F CLK ) guardband to ensure correct functionality during infrequent dynamic operating variations in supply voltage (V CC ), temperature, and transistor aging. Consequently, these inflexible designs cannot exploit opportunities for higher performance by increasing F CLK or lower energy by reducing V CC during favorable operating conditions. This presentation describes a 45nm resilient microprocessor with error-detection and recovery circuits to detect and correct timing errors from dynamic variations to mitigate the F CLK guardband, thus enabling higher performance or lower energy as compared to a conventional design. The microprocessor core supports two distinct error-detection designs and two separate error-recovery techniques, allowing a direct comparison of the relative trade-offs. Silicon measurements demonstrate that resilient circuits enable a 41% throughput gain at equal energy or a 22% energy reduction at equal throughput, as compared to a conventional design when executing a benchmark program with a 10% V CC droop. In addition, the resilient circuits guide an adaptive clock controller that tracks recovery cycles and adapts to persistent variations by changing F CLK . The combination of error-detection and recovery circuits with dynamic adaptation allows the microprocessor to adapt to the operating environment to deliver maximum efficiency. The presentation concludes by discussing the opportunity of applying resilient techniques to enhance the dynamic operating range (i.e., high-performance and low-power modes) for microprocessors.
AN INFANT WITH THE 4p- PHENOTYPE CARRYING A FAMILIAL t(4p-; 19p or q+) TRANSLOCATION

To our knowledge, no translocations between the short arm of a number 4 chromosome and a number 19 have been reported. The case presented here is that of an infant with clinical features strongly suggestive of the 4p- syndrome. At the time of the patient's birth the mother was 34 and the father 36 years of age. Physical examination revealed a male with a large bilateral cleft palate, abnormal anterior fontanelle, abnormally-shaped ears, hypertelorism, a small penis with third degree hypospadias, a single testicle on the right side, stubby fingers and toes, and bilateral simian creases. There was constant seizure activity. Chromosome studies revealed what appeared to be a translocation of 4p material to an F group chromosome; subsequent autoradiographic and G-banding studies demonstrated at(4p-; 19p or q+) translocation. The patient died at seven weeks of age following a seizure episode. The patient's phenotypically normal mother, maternal grandmother and an uncle were also found to have the same translocation. The patient's aneusomy could be explained using a model involving three chromosome breaks during Oogenesis resulting in the loss of a critical part of the translocated 4p material.
Communicating the science of IGCP 591 to the public

Selling the broader impacts of science to funding agencies has become a necessity in a time when competition for grant money is high. While involving students in research is still important for maintaining a pipeline of trained scientists, the bar has been raised and it is increasingly incumbent on us to communicate to the public what is so important about our work. To be competitive in the search for funds, there must be a plan for the science funded to be disseminated to the public. The education and outreach plan for IGCP 591 attempts to appeal to this broader audience by incorporating plans for disseminating research findings through easily implementable classroom modules, and building a global network of museums through which the public can visit interactive exhibits both virtually and in person and learn in a less formal setting.
Lithium Fluoride Thermoluminescent Responses to Neutrons

Two different types of commercial lithium fluoride phosphors in powder form, Con-Rad type N and type 7, have been systematically studied according to their reactions with different neutron energies which range from thermal to 14 Mev. Special efforts have been made to investigate the half life of isothermal decay, the order of kinetics, frequency factor, trap depth, probability factor, and the dosimetry prospect. The study of kinetics of thermoluminescent decay is based on the first-order and second-order kinetics and also on the experiments of isothermal decay and the glow curve analysis from which the parameters such as the frequency factor, s; the trap depth, E; the probability factor, pi, are derived. Comparison is made with the work of other investigators who have derived methods to determine the values of E and s. The experimental results show that type N LiF has a relatively deep trap distribution, while type 7 LiF has a rather shallow trap distribution. This indicates that the order of kinetics for type NI LiF seems to be second order while that for type 7 LiF is most likely first order. Type NJ LiF has a cross section of 71 barns for thermal neutrons. Through the reaction Li6(n, ?) H3, type N LiF can be applied in thermal neutron dosimetry. Followqing Cameron's mathematical model, a definite relationship betwieen neutron fluence and thermoluminescence response has been obtained. Type 7 LiF is a prospective material for fast neutron dosimetry.
The structure of upper level pelagic food webs in the Antarctic: Effect of phytoplankton distribution

Abstract We investigated diet composition and diversity and the diet overlap between species within the seabird community of the Scotia-Weddell Confluence region, Antarctica, during spring, autumn and winter. Seasonal changes in diet characteristics and overlap among species were viewed in the context of changes in prey availability as a function of vertical distribution in the water column. The latter was in turn affected by where phytoplankton and associated grazers were located. When primary productivity was confined to the pack ice during winter, thus bringing grazers and their predators closer to the surface, micronekton were much more vulnerable to avian predators and the latter were able to select prey on the basis of energetic value. As a consequence the upper food web was much less diffuse than during the other seasons when prey occurred throughout the upper portion of the water column and predators had to be opportunistic. The mobility of micronekton and nekton bring some structure to the upper portion of marine food webs, thereby introducing seasonal variability of trophic relationships within Antarctic food webs.
Structural chemistry of Au(III)-substituted Ba2YCu3O7−δ

A series of gold-substituted perovskite superconductorsBa2Y(Cu1−xAux)3O7−δ (x = 0–0.1) was synthesized. Forx = 0.1 there was no change in thea andb lattice parameters (a = 3.826A˚andb = 3.889A˚) but a 0.06A˚c axis expansion to 11.75A˚was observed. Substituted gold was found to be trivalent by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Replacing Cu(1) in the copper oxide chain with a slight reordering of oxygen is consistent withc axis expansion. The formal charge of the site remains trivalent while remaining Cu in the chains is reduced to Cu(I) resulting in an oxygen stoichiometry <7. Finally, no large effect onTc is observed (Tc = 89K forx = 0.10), in contrast to the effect of a number of other metal ion dopants. These results are discussed relative to the chemistry of Au(III) and to the use of the metal in structures containing gold and ceramic superconductors.
Molecular gas species in the lunar atmosphere

Evidence is presented from the data obtained by the Apollo 17 lunar mass spectrometer which indicates the presence of methane and perhaps very small amounts of ammonia and carbon dioxide in the lunar atmosphere. This evidence is based on predawn enhancement of the concentrations of the mass peaks at the parent position for these molecular gas compounds. Methane is shown to be the most abundant molecular gas, although its exceedingly low concentration (1000 mol/cu cm) is slightly less than that of Ar-36. Several reasons are considered for the very low concentration of methane in the lunar atmosphere.
Response of Fowler's Toad (Anaxyrus fowleri) to Competition and Hydroperiod in the Presence of the Invasive Coastal Plain Toad (Incilius nebulifer)

Fowler's Toad (Anaxyrus fowleri) was historically abundant and widespread in various habitats, including urban and agricultural areas, in southern Louisiana. Coincident with intense anthropogenic disturbance, the abundance of the Coastal Plain Toad (Incilius nebulifer) has increased significantly in degraded habitats. Subsequently, A. fowleri is found only in forested areas near permanent water bodies that are not preferred breeding habitat of I. nebulifer. We hypothesized that larval competition with I. nebulifer, a species that breeds in extremely ephemeral habitat commonly found in disturbed areas, contributed to A. fowleri's decline. We raised tadpoles in intra- and interspecific competition in artificial ponds under simulated permanent and temporary breeding habitat conditions. Competition with I. nebulifer tadpoles, but not pond drying, resulted in a decrease in body size measures and a lower rate of survival to metamorphosis for A. fowleri tadpoles. Incilius nebulifer tadpoles were slightly larger in drying than in permanent ponds and were larger and had a higher rate of survival to metamorphosis in interspecific tanks than in intraspecific tanks, suggesting that it is easier for I. nebulifer to outcompete other species than conspecifics. The Coastal Plain Toad's superior competitive ability in temporary breeding sites may have resulted in ecological displacement and is potentially contributing to a decline of regionally sympatric populations of Fowler's Toad in degraded landscapes.
Students’ coordination of lower and higher dimensional units in the context of constructing and evaluating sums of consecutive whole numbers

Abstract This paper examines how three eighth grade students coordinated lower and higher dimensional units (e.g., composite units and pairs) in the context of constructing a formula for evaluating sums of consecutive whole numbers while solving combinatorics problems (e.g., 1 + 2 + ⋯ + 15 = (16 × 15)/2). The data is drawn from the beginning of an 8-month teaching experiment. The findings from the study include: (1) a framework for understanding how students coordinate lower and higher dimensional units; (2) identification of key learning that occurred as students made the transition between solving two kinds of combinatorics problems; and (3) identification of the links between the way students’ coordinated lower and higher dimensional units and their evaluation of sums of consecutive whole numbers. Implications for research and teaching are considered.
Cardiovascular disease in pediatric chronic dialysis patients

Cardiovascular disease in pediatric chronic dialysis patients. Background Little information is available regarding cardiac morbidity and mortality in children with end-stage renal disease. We sought to determine the incidence of cardiac morbidity and mortality in pediatric chronic dialysis patients. Methods Medicare incident pediatric (0 to 19 years) dialysis patients from 1991 to 1996 were identified from the United States Renal Data System. Study endpoints included development of arrhythmia, valvular heart disease, cardiomyopathy, or cardiac arrest, all causes of death, and cardiac-related death. Statistical analyses were performed using the Poisson regression model and chi-square test. Results A total of 1454 children were eligible for inclusion, 452 (31.1%) of whom developed a cardiac-related event. Arrhythmia was the most common event (19.6%) compared with valvular disease (11.7%), cardiomyopathy (9.6%), and cardiac arrest (3%). Arrhythmia and valvular heart disease incidence were increased in 15- to 19-year-olds ( P P = 0.004, P = 0.03) and blacks ( P P = 0.002). Cardiomyopathy incidence was increased in blacks ( P = 0.001) and tended to be increased in females ( P = 0.053). The adjusted annual cardiomyopathy rate during the first 3 years increased between 1991 and 1996 ( P = 0.003). Death occurred in 107 patients, and 41 (38%) were cardiac deaths. Conclusions Cardiovascular disease is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in pediatric chronic dialysis patients. Cardiomyopathy incidence is increasing. Black, female, and adolescent children have increased risk for cardiovascular disease.
New near infrared-sensitive photochromic fluorescing molecules

The synthesis of new photochromic 2-indolylfulgide dicyanomethylene derivatives is described and their structures confirmed by X-ray crystallography, NMR, mass spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The molecules exhibit two thermally stable isomeric forms, which are only optically interconverted. The ring-open form absorbs between 400 and 550 nm, while the ring-closed form absorbs in the 650 to 700 nm region. The cyclized form emits fluorescence in the near infrared, with a 0.18 quantum yield. The spectroscopic characteristics described make this molecule suitable for optical switching and optical storage devices.
OMAN: A Mobile Ad Hoc Network Design System

We present a software library that aids in the design of mobile ad hoc networks (MANET). The OMAN design engine works by taking a specification of network requirements and objectives, and allocates resources which satisfy the input constraints and maximize the communication performance objective. The tool is used to explore networking design options and challenges, including: power control, adaptive modulation, flow control, scheduling, mobility, uncertainty in channel models, and cross-layer design. The unaddressed niche which OMAN seeks to fill is the general framework for optimization of any network resource, under arbitrary constraints, and with any selection of multiple objectives. While simulation is an important part of measuring the effectiveness of implemented optimization techniques, the novelty and focus of OMAN is on proposing novel network design algorithms, aggregating existing approaches, and providing a general framework for a network designer to test out new proposed resource allocation methods. In this paper, we present a high-level view of the OMAN architecture, review specific mathematical models used in the network representation, and show how OMAN is used to evaluate tradeoffs in MANET design. Specifically, we cover three case studies of optimization. The first case is robust power control under uncertain channel information for a single physical layer snapshot. The second case is scheduling with the availability of directional radiation patterns. The third case is optimizing topology through movement planning of relay nodes.
Dynamic updating and downdating matrix SVD and tensor HOSVD for adaptive indexing and retrieval of motion trajectories

Motion information is regarded as one of the most important cues for developing semantics in video data. Yet it is extremely challenging to build indexing and browsing tools for video data, particularly when it involves interactive motions of multiple objects. The problem is further complicated when the video archives are dynamically updated, and/or queries contains partial information. An efficient solution would require that the feature space used to represent the data be dynamically updated or downdated to allow frequent additions/deletions and matching of queries. Assuming Tensor HOSVD as the feature space, in this paper, we propose two novel algorithms, namely, Dynamic Tensor HOSVD Updating Algorithm (DTSV D+) and Dynamic Tensor HOSVD Downdating Algorithm (DTSV D−), for dynamically updating and downdating existing tensor HOSVD, without recalculating it from the raw data. The proposed algorithms are robustly applied to both full and partial multiple motion trajectories events with varying number of objects, trajectory lengths, and sampling rates. Simulations on real-world multiple motion trajectories data demonstrate the robustness and accuracy of the proposed algorithms.
An examination of leadership development in the great outdoors

This study examined the efficacy of one particular approach to leadership development: outdoor experience-based training and development (EBTD). Two sections of Voyageur Outward Bound School's Professional Development Program were selected for analysis. To overcome the methodological shortcomings of previous research in this area, several methods of data gathering were employed. Qualitative data revealed a substantial number of leadership skills that the programs intended their participants to develop. Differences between the two sections in energy level, quality of facilitation, and depth of processing were observed. Quantitatively, neither group demonstrated significant change on the Leadership Profile questionnaire at the .05 level. The two groups, statistically combined, demonstrated a significant negative change in two of the six dimensions of the questionnaire. They did not demonstrate positive change in the areas that Outward Bound suggested they would.
Artemisinin Induces Calcium-Dependent Protein Secretion in the Protozoan Parasite Toxoplasma gondii

Intracellular calcium controls several crucial cellular events in apicomplexan parasites, including protein secretion, motility, and invasion into and egress from host cells. The plant compound thapsigargin inhibits the sarcoplasmic-endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA), resulting in elevated calcium and induction of protein secretion in Toxoplasma gondii. Artemisinins are natural products that show potent and selective activity against parasites, making them useful for the treatment of malaria. While the mechanism of action is uncertain, previous studies have suggested that artemisinin may inhibit SERCA, thus disrupting calcium homeostasis. We cloned the single-copy gene encoding SERCA in T. gondii (TgSERCA) and demonstrate that the protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum in the parasite. In extracellular parasites, TgSERCA partially relocalized to the apical pole, a highly active site for regulated secretion of micronemes. TgSERCA complemented a calcium ATPase-defective yeast mutant, and this activity was inhibited by either thapsigargin or artemisinin. Treatment of T. gondii with artemisinin triggered calcium-dependent secretion of microneme proteins, similar to the SERCA inhibitor thapsigargin. Artemisinin treatment also altered intracellular calcium in parasites by increasing the periodicity of calcium oscillations and inducing recurrent, strong calcium spikes, as imaged using Fluo-4 labeling. Collectively, these results demonstrate that artemisinin perturbs calcium homeostasis in T. gondii, supporting the idea that Ca2+-ATPases are potential drug targets in parasites.
H3K27 modifications define segmental regulatory domains in the Drosophila bithorax complex

The bithorax complex (BX-C) in Drosophila melanogaster is a cluster of homeotic genes that determine body segment identity. Expression of these genes is governed by cis-regulatory domains, one for each parasegment. Stable repression of these domains depends on Polycomb Group (PcG) functions, which include trimethylation of lysine 27 of histone H3 (H3K27me3). To search for parasegment-specific signatures that reflect PcG function, chromatin from single parasegments was isolated and profiled. The H3K27me3 profiles across the BX-C in successive parasegments showed a 'stairstep' pattern that revealed sharp boundaries of the BX-C regulatory domains. Acetylated H3K27 was broadly enriched across active domains, in a pattern complementary to H3K27me3. The CCCTC-binding protein (CTCF) bound the borders between H3K27 modification domains; it was retained even in parasegments where adjacent domains lack H3K27me3. These findings provide a molecular definition of the homeotic domains, and implicate precisely positioned H3K27 modifications as a central determinant of segment identity.
Mixed Pulmonary Infection with Strongyloides stercoralis and Blastomyces dermatitidis

We report the first case of mixed pulmonary infection with Strongyloides stercoralis and Blastomyces dermatitidis. Histopathology from the lung biopsy showed structures consistent with B. dermatitidis and S. stercoralis. A parasitology exam from a bronchi alveolar lavage yielded an immature rhabditiform larva and female worm. Fungal cultures grew B. dermatitidis.
Experimental Design for Estimating Area under the Curve by Trapezoidal Approximation in Destructive Sampling

This paper proposes a simple procedure for selecting sampling time points and sample allocation which reduce the mean square error or area under the curve (AUC) approximated by the trapezoidal approximation. It can generate desirable time points and allocation through an iterative scheme. The methodology is applicable to AUC estimation as well as other functional forms of serial plasma concentrations. The appropriate application of this procedure can lead to more efficient pharmacokinetic study designs.
Salmonella enterica Requires ApbC Function for Growth on Tricarballylate: Evidence of Functional Redundancy between ApbC and IscU

Mutants of Salmonella enterica lacking apbC have nutritional and biochemical properties indicative of defects in [Fe-S] cluster metabolism. Here we show that apbC is required for S. enterica to use tricarballylate as a carbon and energy source. Tricarballylate catabolism requires three gene products, TcuA, TcuB, and TcuC. Of relevance to this work is the TcuB protein, which has two [4Fe-4S] clusters required for function, making it a logical target for the apbC effect. TcuB activity was 100-fold lower in an apbC mutant than in the isogenic apbC+ strain. Genetic data show that derepression of the iscRSUA-hscAB-fdx-orf3 operon or overexpression of iscU from a plasmid compensates for the lack of ApbC during growth on tricarballylate. The studies described herein provide evidence that the scaffold protein IscU has a functional overlap with ApbC and that ApbC function is involved in the synthesis of active TcuB.
Reflex sympathetic dystrophy

Reflex sympathetic dystrophy is a chronic pain syndrome characterized by continuous burning pain exacerbated by movement and a broad range of other clinical manifestations. The exact etiology of this condition is not known but is thought to involve the sympathetic nervous system. Over 30 different treatments have been reported to improve reflex sympathetic dystrophy in more than 70% of patients. However, no prospective long-term studies exist to document the natural time course of this condition. In addition, the literature contains very few prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind studies with sufficient patient number to identify the preferred treatment regimen. It is concluded that further research is necessary to identify both the basic scientific etiology and effective clinical treatments for reflex sympathetic dystrophy.
In vivo real-time confocal reflectance microscopy: a noninvasive guide for Mohs micrographic surgery facilitated by aluminum chloride, an excellent contrast enhancer.

BACKGROUND. Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) is based on microscopically controlled excision of cutaneous neoplasms and offers the highest cure rates with maximum tissue preservation. In vivo confocal microscopy (CM) allows noninvasive optical imaging of thin sections of living skin, in its native state, in real time, with high resolution and contrast. OBJECTIVE. To evaluate the feasibility of the use of in vivo CM as a surgical guide in MMS. METHODS. Five patients with a biopsy-proven basal cell carcinoma (BCC) were imaged by in vivo CM on one or two sites from the clinically visible skin cancer. The first Mohs layer was then excised, and the fresh-frozen sections were correlated with the CM findings. Aluminum chloride (AlCl) 20% was applied on the Mohs defect followed by in vivo CM on one site from each lesion. A second Mohs layer was subsequently excised, and fresh-frozen sections were correlated with CM findings. RESULTS. The findings of in vivo CM were confirmed by hematoxylin and eosin‐stained frozen sections after excisions of the first and second Mohs layers. AlCl was found to provide an excellent contrast between BCC cells and the surrounding tissue, detected readily with both in vivo and ex vivo CM. The tumor cells with AlCl exhibited intensely bright nuclei with an excellent contrast as compared with the low-contrast dark nuclei without AlCl application. CONCLUSION. In vivo CM is a potential surgical guide for MMS, and AlCl provides an excellent exogenous agent to enhance tumor contrast for CM.
Is There Counsel in Those Curtains? Research Agendas for the Times

Presented as the keynote address at the Library Research Seminar, University of Maryland, October 7, 2010, this essay identifies and explores three agendas ever appropriate for study, the pursuits of which are especially needed now. They are as follows: to (1) explore the historical dimension of library topics, (2) revive study of the institution of the library in its historical dimension, and (3) orient research to lead adaptation to the times, particularly with regard to the relationships between libraries and other components of the information domain. Examples of opportunities and insights to be gained from study of topics in these agendas are drawn from the experience of exploring the history of the state library and archives of Texas.
ONTOGENY OF THE PSEUDOHERMAPHRODITIC REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM IN NASSARIUS VIBEX (GASTROPODA: BUCCINIDAE: NASSARIINAE)

Pseudohermaphroditism or imposex is an abnormality of the gastropod reproductive system caused by the effects of an environmental pollutant, tributyltin, in which parts of the male reproductive tract develop in females. In this study, the post-larval development of the reproductive system in pseudohermaphroditic male and female Nassarius vibex was investigated relative to normal development to determine how and when the abnormalities associated with pseudohermaphroditism develop. Two populations of N. vibex were compared: one exhibiting normal development, and one in which the animals were effected by pseudohermaphroditism. In the affected N. vibex population, a penis and anterior spermiduct developed very early in ontogeny in both males and females. Normal reproductive system development was affected in some females, evidenced by fusion of the induced spermiduct and anterior oviduct, or by abnormal oviduct development. Several males displayed precocious maturation of the gonad in addition to early development of the anterior spermiduct and penis.
Psychopathology as a Predictor of Disability: A Population-based Follow-up Study in Baltimore, Maryland

To determine whether psychopathology is associated with disability as a result of underlying physical illness or whether such psychopathology antedates disability and is an independent determinant of disability, the authors conducted a nested case-control study within the Epidemiologic Catchment Area Follow-up Study in Baltimore, Maryland. From a 1981 random sample of 3,481 persons from Baltimore interviewed for psychopathology, disability, and other comorbidity, 1,920 who were alive in 1993 were traced and were reinterviewed with a similar instrument. Within the study population, 168 new cases of disability were identified as occurring between 1981 and 1993, as measured by the inability to perform activities of daily living. These cases were compared with 1,715 controls who reported no disability. The sociodemographic factors that were significantly related to incident disability in this analysis were age, female gender, and less than a high school education. These comparisons revealed associations of incident disability in activities of daily living with almost all antecedent chronic physical illnesses. Significant age- and gender-adjusted associations were observed between incident disability in activities of daily living and antecedent (in 1981) alcohol abuse and dependence (odds ratio (OR) = 2.5, 95% confidence interval (Cl) 1.5-4.2), major depressive disorder (OR = 4.2, 95% Cl 2.2-8.3), and phobia (OR = 1.9, 95% Cl 1.3-2.8). The adjusted odds ratio for the joint effect of antecedent depression and chronic physical illness on incident disability in activities of daily living was 17.0 (95% Cl 6.9-41.7). There was a significant independent effect of antecedent major depression on activities of daily living disability. The effect of psychopathology on incident disability is nonspecific as to type of baseline chronic physical illness. Such a finding has important implications for defining strategies to prevent disability.
Model continuity in the design of dynamic distributed real-time systems

Model continuity refers to the ability to transition as much as possible a model specification through the stages of a development process. In this paper, the authors show how a modeling and simulation environment, based on the discrete event system specification formalism, can support model continuity in the design of dynamic distributed real-time systems. In designing such systems, the authors restrict such continuity to the models that implement the system's real-time control and dynamic reconfiguration. The proposed methodology supports systematic modeling of dynamic systems and adopts simulation-based tests for distributed real-time software. Model continuity is emphasized during the entire process of software development $the control models of a dynamic distributed real-time system can be designed, analyzed, and tested by simulation methods, and then smoothly transitioned from simulation to distributed execution. A dynamic team formation distributed robotic system is presented as an example to show how model continuity methodology effectively manages the complexity of developing and testing the control software for this system.
Changes in the Earth's rotation and low-degree gravitational field induced by earthquakes

Analytical formulas based on the normal-mode theory are used together with a spherically symmetric earth model and the centroid-moment tensor solutions for earthquake sources to compute the earthquake-induced changes in the earth's rotation and low-degree harmonics of the gravitational field for the period 1977-1985. Spectral and statistical analyses are conducted on these changes. It is found that the earthquake-induced changes are two orders of magnitude smaller than those observed; most of these changes show strong evidence of nonrandomness either in their polarity or in their directions.
The Receptor for Epidermal Growth Factor

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a well-characterized growth factor that was initially isolated from mouse submaxillary glands.(1–3) The low-molecular-weight growth factor (M r 6000) can be isolated as a component of a high-molecular-weight complex with an associated arginine esterase activity. (4,5) EGF has been found in all mammals and, in humans, is a component of nearly all body fluids.(6,7) A variety of biological responses are mediated by EGF in vivo and in vitro, in a diverse number of cells including epidermal and epithelial cells, which are particularly responsive in the intact animal.(7) It is important to note that almost 90% of all malignancies are derived from epithelial cells.
Adapting the serial Alpgen parton-interaction generator to simulate LHC collisions on millions of parallel threads

Abstract As the LHC moves to higher energies and luminosity, the demand for computing resources increases accordingly and will soon outpace the growth of the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid. To meet this greater demand, event generation Monte Carlo was targeted for adaptation to run on Mira, the supercomputer at the Argonne Leadership Computing Facility. Alpgen is a Monte Carlo event generation application that is used by LHC experiments in the simulation of collisions that take place in the Large Hadron Collider. This paper details the process by which Alpgen was adapted from a single-processor serial-application to a large-scale parallel-application and the performance that was achieved.
Finite Geometries on a Torus

(1972). Finite Geometries on a Torus. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 79, No. 3, pp. 279-282.
Bird use of epiphyte resources in neotropical trees

Epiphytes are a common component of neotropical forests, but their importance to birds at the community level and their role in contributing to tropical bird diversity has only rarely been considered. Literature accounts from 55 studies document 193 species of neotropical birds that take nectar, fruits, invertebrates, water, and nesting materials from epiphytes. To quantify the amounts and types of resources provided by epiphytes compared to host trees, we watched birds in 14 forest and pasture sites (1,350-1,420 m) for 2 months in a lower montane landscape of Costa Rica. During our 289 hr of observations from within the canopy and on the ground, 33 of 56 bird species observed in foraging visits foraged in resources provided by epiphytes. Epiphyte resources were involved in 32% of all foraging visits. For eight bird species, 40% or more of all foraging visits involved epiphyte use, which included foraging for fruits, nectar, invertebrates, water, and nesting materials. Six types of bird foraging behaviors in six types of epiphytes are described and compared to bird use of tree resources. Some birds appeared to specialize on particular epiphyte resources such as invertebrates in crown humus. The frequent epiphyte use by a large number of bird species indicates that epiphytes constitute a resource that has generally been overlooked in past bird community studies. We discuss two ways that epiphytes may contribute to high tropical bird species diversity.
Postinfarction angina: an expanding subset of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass.

An analysis of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass for unstable postinfarction angina (≤ 30 days of infarct) during two time periods was undertaken: Group I, January, 1982, through December, 1982; Group II, September, 1983, through August, 1984. Clinical, angiographic, and operative data were coded, and statistical analysis was used to compare the two patient groups, evaluate operative results, and identify risk factors. The incidence of unstable postinfarction angina as an indication for bypass grafting increased significantly (p
Authoritarian, Totalitarian and Utopian Elements in Women in Love

The passage in Women in Love that has most often been singled out for critical commentary regarding fascism is that in which Birkin, after Gerald Crich’s death, contemplates the annihilation of the human species (538). This passage may, at the most extreme, be viewed as representative of the final, destructive urge that is an inherent part of the totalitarian ideology, where the need to purge supposed imperfections, through genocide, becomes so powerful that it ends in universal destruction. Birkin’s reflections on the passing of mankind may, however, be viewed from other perspectives as well; certainly it is more a prophecy of doom than a call for human extermination. The other element that Birkin represents in this novel is the urge toward a Utopian society Birkin’s love for Gerald was based on the need for more than one single satisfying relationship. He wants, as he tells Ursula, “a perfected relation between you and me, and others … so that we are all free together” (356). Together with Lawrence’s emphasis on rebirth, this indicates a strong feeling for a Utopian community of some kind.
Tourism demand and wages in a general equilibrium model of production

Rising foreign income increases tourism demand and wages if tourism is labour-intensive relative to capital. This paper adds a third factor of production, skilled labour or natural resources, to delve more deeply into the potential income redistribution in general equilibrium due to rising foreign income. In a small open economy producing tourism and an import competing good, the wage may fall in spite of the expanding tourism sector if capital is a technical complement with the third factor. A model including a traditional export is also examined, as is a specific factors version of the model. The possibility of a falling wage with expanding labour-intensive tourism relates to a number of policy issues in touristic countries.
Preoperative assessment of surgical risk: creation of a scoring tool to estimate 1-year mortality after emergency abdominal surgery in the elderly patient

Abstract Background The risk of mortality after emergency general surgery (EGS) in elderly patients is prolonged beyond initial hospitalization. Our objective was to develop a preoperative scoring tool to quantify risk of 1-year mortality. Methods Three hundred ninety EGS patients aged 70 years or more were analyzed. Risk factors for 1-year mortality were identified using stepwise-forward logistic multivariate regression and weights assigned using natural logarithm of odds ratios. A geriatric emergency surgery mortality (GEM) score was derived from the aggregate of weighted scores. Leave-one-out cross-validation was performed. Results One-year mortality was 32%. Risk factors and their weights were: acute kidney injury (2), American Society of Anesthesiology class greater than or equal to 4 (2), Charlson Comorbidity Index greater than or equal to 4 (1), albumin less than 3.5 mg/dL (1), and body mass index (less than 18.5 kg/m 2 [1]; 18.5 to 29.9 kg/m 2 [0]; ≥30 kg/m 2 [−1]). One-year mortality was: GEM 0 to 1 (0% to 7%); GEM 2 to 5 (32% to 68%); GEM 6 to 8 (94% to 100%). C-statistics were .82 and .75 in training and validation data sets, respectively. Conclusions A simple score using 5 clinical variables predicts 1-year mortality after EGS with reasonable accuracy and assists in preoperative counseling.
Synthesis of Cycloparaphenyleneacetylene via Alkyne Metathesis: C70 Complexation and Copper-Free Triple Click Reaction.

Alkyne metathesis provided an efficient macrocyclization route to a cycloparaphenyleneacetylene derivative in high yield. The cavity size was suitably matched for C70 which was tightly bound in an induced-fit fashion. The strained alkynes enabled a copper-free, 3-fold azide–alkyne cycloaddition at 50 °C.
When size matters: CHD8 in autism.

Recent models studying loss of the mouse homolog of the autism-associated gene CHD8 show altered Wnt signaling, cell fate and proliferation. How do these findings shape our understanding of this disease?
Effects of social support and personality on emotional disclosure on Facebook and in real life

This paper focuses on the roles of personality and social support in affecting the extent of emotional disclosure in social media SM and compares them to those in face-to-face encounters. Specifically, we consider the effects of the Big Five personality traits and perceptions of social support from friends, significant others, and family on the extent of sharing positive and negative emotions on Facebook FB vs. real life RL. The data are collected via an online survey of a broad demographic range of FB users. Our findings suggest that certain personality traits extroversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness, as well as perceived social support from friends, are significantly related to the disclosure of positive emotions on FB. We also report and discuss the differences between drivers of emotional disclosure in SM and RL, as well as offer suggestions for future research.
Decisions and Mistakes

This chapter describes common mental mistakes that people make. It starts showing examples of wrong knowledge in peoples’ heads. Then it examines prospect theory, a Nobel Prize winning collection of human wrong thinking. Finally, it shows a dozen examples of mental mistakes that might be made while creating trade-off studies and risk analyses.
Relational Maintenance Behavior and Shared TV Viewing as Mediators of the Association Between Romanticism and Romantic Relationship Quality

Nearly a century of research has demonstrated a positive association between romanticism—a relationship-type schema that emphasizes idealistic and positive experiences in romantic relationships—and quality of romantic relationships. This investigation examined whether relational maintenance behavior and shared TV viewing mediate that association. The sample contained 202 participants, including college students and older adults. Results demonstrated that relational maintenance behavior mediated the association between romanticism and relationship quality, but shared TV viewing did not. Nevertheless, shared TV viewing independently and positively predicted variance in relationship quality. These results both clarify the mechanism by which romanticism may operate and support shared media use as a maintenance behavior that may be meaningful in close relationships.
A portable fiber-optic raman spectrometer concept for evaluation of mineral content within enamel tissue.

BACKGROUND Measurement of tooth enamel mineralization using a clinically viable method is essential since variation of mineralization may be used to monitor caries risk or in assessing the effectiveness of remineralization therapy. Fiber optic Raman systems are becoming more affordable and popular in context of biomedical applications. However, the applicability of fiber optic Raman systems for measurement of mineral content within enamel tissue has not been elucidated significantly in the prior literature. MATERIAL AND METHODS Human teeth with varying degrees of enamel mineralization were selected. In addition alligator, boar and buffalo teeth which have increasing amount of mineral content, respectively, were also included as another set of samples. Reference Raman measurements of mineralization were performed using a high-fidelity confocal Raman microscope. RESULTS Analysis of human teeth by research grade Raman system indicated a 2-fold difference in the Raman intensities of v1 symmetric-stretch bands of mineral-related phosphate bonds and 7-fold increase in mineral related Raman intensities of animal teeth. However, fiber optic system failed to resolve the differences in the mineralization of human teeth. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the sampling volume of fiber optic systems extends to the underlying dentin and that confocal aperture modification is essential to limit the sampling volume to within the enamel. Further research efforts will focus on putting together portable Raman systems integrated with confocal fiber probe. Key words:Enamel, mineral content, raman spectroscopy.
Carotid endarterectomy reduced strokes in patients with recent, nondisabling cerebral ischemic events and severe carotid stenosis

Source Citation European Carotid Surgery Trialists' Collaborative Group. MRC European Carotid Surgery Trial: interim results for symptomatic patients with severe (70-99%) or with mild (0-29%) carot...
Associative Labeling and Retention

Learners viewed an ambiguous geometrical figure described either as resembling a “street intersection” or a “Christian cross.” Other learners viewed the figure without an E-supplied verbal label. After 6 months, the 427 Ss made recognitive choices and described their remembered figure. As sociative labeling influenced both the recognitive judgments and learners’ descriptions.