cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of a law to reduce alcohol-impaired driving in Japan.

Objective: To estimate the effect of a new road traffic law against alcohol-impaired driving in Japan. Methods: Japan passed a new road traffic law in June 2002 intended to reduce alcohol-impaired driving by decreasing the permissible blood alcohol level and by increasing penalties. Using data collected from police reports, the number of traffic fatalities and injuries were analyzed by time series. Results: Simple comparisons of the average of all severe traffic injuries, traffic fatalities, alcohol-impaired traffic injuries, alcohol-impaired severe traffic injuries, and alcohol-impaired traffic fatalities per billion kilometers driven showed reductions after enactment of the new road traffic law in June 2002. The rate of alcohol-related traffic fatalities per billion kilometers driven decreased by 38% in the post-law period. In segmented regression analyses with adjustment for baseline trends, seasonality, and autocorrelation, all traffic injuries, severe traffic injuries, alcohol-impaired traffic injuries, alcohol-impaired severe traffic injuries, and alcohol-impaired traffic fatalities per billion kilometers driven declined significantly from baseline after the new traffic law. Conclusion: Large, immediate public health benefits resulted from the new road traffic law in Japan.
Analysis of oxysterol binding protein homologue Kes1p function in regulation of Sec14p-dependent protein transport from the yeast Golgi complex

Oxysterol binding proteins (OSBPs) comprise a large conserved family of proteins in eukaryotes. Their ubiquity notwithstanding, the functional activities of these proteins remain unknown. Kes1p, one of seven members of the yeast OSBP family, negatively regulates Golgi complex secretory functions that are dependent on the action of the major yeast phosphatidylinositol/phosphatidylcholine Sec14p. We now demonstrate that Kes1p is a peripheral membrane protein of the yeast Golgi complex, that localization to the Golgi complex is required for Kes1p function in vivo, and that targeting of Kes1p to the Golgi complex requires binding to a phosphoinositide pool generated via the action of the Pik1p, but not the Stt4p, PtdIns 4-kinase. Localization of Kes1p to yeast Golgi region also requires function of a conserved motif found in all members of the OSBP family. Finally, we present evidence to suggest that Kes1p may regulate adenosine diphosphate-ribosylation factor (ARF) function in yeast, and that it may be through altered regulation of ARF that Kes1p interfaces with Sec14p in controlling Golgi region secretory function.
A high performance, 10-volt integrated pin electronics driver

A high-voltage process module is added to a standard 1.5- mu m digital CMOS process, allowing a 10-volt pin electronics driver to be integrated onto the same silicon with its timing and formatting circuitry. A single analog output driver circuit provides fast rise time, low-distortion output waveforms for both narrow and wide voltage swings, eliminating the need for dual drivers or testheads when testing mixed technology devices or modules. Novel design and calibration techniques are used to overcome the limitations of the high-voltage CMOS process. The driver IC is used in production VLSI test systems and is capable of outputting data rates up to 200 Mb/s with a maximum driver output swing of 10 volts. >
Adaptive multi-sensor receivers for frequency selective channels in DS-CDMA communications systems

The performance of two adaptive multi-sensor least squares (LS) receivers for a frequency-selective fading channel are evaluated. These two receivers are preceded by a RAKE which combines the resolvable paths of each channel of the desired user before further interference suppression. In the first, a LS space-time filter is used to accomplish despreading and interference rejection simultaneously. The second is a spatial-temporal version of the partial despreading LS (prds-LS) as proposed in Singh and Milstein (1997). For the partial despreading structure, the number of coefficients are reduced compared to the LS structure. If the desired user's channel coefficients are known, the multi-sensor prds-LS is very attractive for DS-CDMA systems with large processing gain in terms of both complexity and tracking performance.
Role of Transesophageal Echocardiography in Blunt Chest Trauma

Patients who suffer blunt chest trauma are at risk for injury to the heart, and the thoracic aorta and its branch vessels. Unrecognized injury to the heart or aorta may lead to life threatening complications. Therefore, the physician caring for the trauma patient must be able to accurately and rapidly diagnose cardiac and thoracic aortic injury. Transesophageal echocardiography is an ideal tool to diagnose cardiac and aortic injury in the patient with blunt chest trauma because it provides high quality images of the heart and thoracic aorta and can safely and rapidly be performed in the emergency department, operating suite or intensive care unit. To utilize transesophageal echocardiography most effectively, the echocardiographer must be familiar with the indications, limitations, and piffalls of transesophageal echocardiography in patients with blunt chesttrauma. This review describes the role of transesophageal echocardiography in evaluating the patient with blunt chest trauma for cardiac, thoracic aort...
Interdiffusion Kinetics and Magnetic Properties of TA-Permalloy Multilayers

The interdiffusion kinetics of ultrahigh vacuum deposited Ta/Ni81Fe19 short-period multilayers films have been investigated, and changes in microstructure were related to magnetic properties. Small angle X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy were used to study layer morphology evolution and interdiffusion during post-growth isothermal annealing in the temperature range 300–600°C. The kinetic analysis suggests that interface roughening due to grain growth, and grain-boundary mediated diffusion of Ta occurs concurrently at early anneal times in the Ni81Fe19 films. Subsequent grainboundary and lattice diffusion of Ta lead to a reduction of magnetization and increase in coercivity of Ni81Fe19.
Air–sea interaction processes in warm and cold sectors of extratropical cyclonic storms observed during FASTEX

Mid-Atlantic measurements from the research vessel (RV) Knorr during the Fronts and Atlantic Storm-Tracks Experiment (FASTEX) are presented, and then used to examine the near-surface environment and air–sea interaction processes during the passage of ten frontal systems. This dataset includes measurements of the surface momentum, sensible-heat and moisture fluxes obtained from three different methods. The inertial dissipation (ID) drag coefficients from the RV Knorr are consistent with the ID data from other measurements in open-ocean storm environments. The covariance drag coefficients are generally larger than the ID values, indicating either the presence of flow distortion problems in the covariance data or a failure of the assumptions inherent to the ID technique at these higher wind speeds. Estimates of the wind speed dependence of the momentum, sensible-heat and latent-heat transfer coefficients are based on averaged values from the two methods. These measurements: (i) contribute significantly to the limited set of surface flux measurements for 10 m neutral winds in the 15–21 m s−1 range; (ii) contain the only ship-based covariance flux measurements successfully obtained in an open-ocean, high wind speed, storm environment; and (iii) include coincident wave-height measurements. The relationships between the surface layer and the synoptic atmospheric environment is examined using composites of atmospheric and oceanic surface-layer characteristics computed in ten storms for which the RV Knorr passed through the open-wave warm sector and the cold front. These composites show minima in the sensible- and latent-heat fluxes, and a maximum in the momentum flux, just before the frontal passage during the warm-sector peak in wind speed. A second momentum flux maximum of comparable magnitude occurs in the middle of the post-frontal regime. Though the warm-sector sensible-heat flux minimum is slightly negative, the sum of the two heat fluxes is positive, suggesting a positive impact on the synoptic development of these storms. Wave heights increase steadily from the eastern half of the warm sector to the frontal passage, remaining high through most of the post-frontal regime before decreasing. Differences between covariance and ID stresses are largest during the times bracketing the cold front when the wave heights and stresses are large. Differences between covariance and bulk stresses are greatest in the pre-frontal low-level jet, when the frequency of waves with periods of 6–9 s maximizes, and in the post-frontal regime where the wind direction veers. Systematic differences between stress direction and wind direction are observed.
Social Brain Development in Williams Syndrome: The Current Status and Directions for Future Research

Williams syndrome (WS) is a neurodevelopmental condition that commonly occurs as a result of a contiguous deletion of approximately 26-28 genes on chromosome 7q11.23. WS is often associated with a distinctive psychological phenotype characterized by abnormal face, emotion and social-cognitive functioning. In this article, we review available studies investigating the social phenotype of WS throughout development and neuroimaging studies investigating brain structure and function as related to social and emotional functioning in this condition. This review highlights several neuro-behavioral mechanisms that may be related to abnormal social development in WS. In particular, we discuss how abnormal social behavior in WS may be related to abnormalities in the cortical representation of faces, connectivity within the ventral stream, structure and function of the amygdala and how long- and short-range connections develop. We draw support from research on typical brain development and from existing behavioral and neuroimaging research on WS. We conclude with a discussion of how genes and environmental factors might interact to influence social brain development in WS and how future neuroimaging and behavioral research can inform further elucidate social brain development in WS. Lastly, we describe how ongoing studies may translate to improved social developmental outcomes for individuals with WS.
Compensating for Motion during Direct-Global Separation

Separating the direct and global components of radiance can aid shape recovery algorithms and can provide useful information about materials in a scene. Practical methods for finding the direct and global components use multiple images captured under varying illumination patterns and require the scene, light source and camera to remain stationary during the image acquisition process. In this paper, we develop a motion compensation method that relaxes this condition and allows direct-global separation to be performed on video sequences of dynamic scenes captured by moving projector-camera systems. Key to our method is being able to register frames in a video sequence to each other in the presence of time varying, high frequency active illumination patterns. We compare our motion compensated method to alternatives such as single shot separation and frame interleaving as well as ground truth. We present results on challenging video sequences that include various types of motions and deformations in scenes that contain complex materials like fabric, skin, leaves and wax.
“The English Nation at Bantam”: Corporate Process in the East India Company's First Factory

Focusing on the London East India Company's (EIC) first trading center abroad, the factory in Bantam on Java, this essay explores corporate traumas and divisions of interest in this protoglobal organization that illuminate ongoing volatilities in global capitalism. The factory papers, which include the neglected “Journal of John Saris on the Clove,” reward attention today for the light they shed on fundamental challenges of transnational trafficking. The essay calls for a return to the manuscripts of the EIC archive, whose printed materials were edited, in the main, by proto- and late-imperial scholars. A catastrophe-tolerant joint-stock body that was granted legal personhood by royal charter in 1600, the EIC tested a defining predicament of incorporation: that the corporate body outlives its personnel. Bantam's lethality to company employees disclosed the parasitic tendencies of this process. Mariners and factors on fixed salaries risked and were far likelier to lose their lives than shareholders their high-yielding speculations. The loss during the first voyage of Jacobean England's greatest merchant ship and crew in Bantam shocked England's maritime and mercantile communities and ignited rancorous debate over the human, material, and environmental costs of the East Indian trade. Without superfluxes of maritime and mercantile labor and vigorous management of public relations in England, the cash-poor EIC probably would not have survived its first generation.
The Management of Chronic Cavities in the Region of the Hip Joint

A method of treating chronic rigid-walled cavities in the region of the hip joint consists in excision of all necrotic material, packing the defect with viable muscle after controlling the septic process, and the delayed application of splitthickness skin grafts to the muscle.
Patient-initiated electronic health record amendment requests.

Background and objective Providing patients access to their medical records offers many potential benefits including identification and correction of errors. The process by which patients ask for changes to be made to their records is called an ‘amendment request’. Little is known about the nature of such amendment requests and whether they result in modifications to the chart. Methods We conducted a qualitative content analysis of all patient-initiated amendment requests that our institution received over a 7-year period. Recurring themes were identified along three analytic dimensions: (1) clinical/documentation area, (2) patient motivation for making the request, and (3) outcome of the request. Results The dataset consisted of 818 distinct requests submitted by 181 patients. The majority of these requests (n=636, 77.8%) were made to rectify incorrect information and 49.7% of all requests were ultimately approved. In 6.6% of the requests, patients wanted valid information removed from their record, 27.8% of which were approved. Among all of the patients requesting a copy of their chart, only a very small percentage (approximately 0.2%) submitted an amendment request. Conclusions The low number of amendment requests may be due to inadequate awareness by patients about how to make changes to their records. To make this approach effective, it will be important to inform patients of their right to view and amend records and about the process for doing so. Increasing patient access to medical records could encourage patient participation in improving the accuracy of medical records; however, caution should be used.
Increased Accuracy in Molecular Filter Based Flow Field Diagnostics Through Direct Frequency Calibration Using Optical Modulators

*† A description of technique and appar atus for determining the transfer function of molecular filters used in laser -based flow diagnostics is presented. The technique employs the use of a frequency stabilized argon ion laser and an Acousto -Optic Frequency Shifter (AOFS) to accurately determine the frequency -to -optical density transfer function of molecular iodine. An argon ion laser that is locked in frequency to a selected location on a molecular filter absorption line provides a stable, low -drift optical frequency input to the AOFS. Advances in crystal technology have resulted in the development of AOFS systems that can be varied in frequency without significant loss of power (<3 dB) in the shifted laser beam. Driving the frequency shifter with a computer -controlled synthesizer provides a very accurate and precise means of controlling the Bragg -shifted laser output from the AOFS. By directing the frequency -shifted laser beam through a molecular filter and recording the laser intensity throughput as a function of the shifted optical frequency, a profile of the filter transfer function has been achieved with rms uncertainties less than 0.1 -percent of the absorption linewidth.
Isomerization as a Key Path to Molecular Products in the Gas-Phase Decomposition of Halons

The decomposition of halons remains controversial concerning the branching between radical and molecular products. The latter channel, where it has been found, is presumed to occur via a constraine...
Situation of the heavy metals contamination in foods in Daxing district of Beijing during 2010-2011

Objective:To understand the situation of heavy metals contamination in foods in Daxing district of Beijing.Methods: According to the Beijing food contaminants monitoring plans and combining with the actual situation in Daxing district,the lead,cadmium and mercury in various food from the production factories,supermarkets and farmers′ markets in Daxing district were tested by GFAAS and AFS.Results: 231 samples were monitored during 2010-2011.It was found that Pb in 4.33% of samples,Cd in 5.19% of samples and Hg in 2.16% of samples were over standard.Conclusion: The heavy metals contamination in foods was common,different kinds of contaminations were found in different foods,suggesting potential harmful threats to human health.It should be enhanced monitoring and management.
Principles of therapeutics.

Guidelines for the optimal route of therapeutic treatment are discussed. Factors such as the effect of the carrier vehicle are considered. Drug-delivery devices, such as collagen shields, contact lenses, and osmotic pumps, may facilitate therapy. Administration by more than one route of administration may provide optimal clinical results.
Physiological tests to predict long-term outcome of total abdominal colectomy for intractable constipation.

Objective: Total abdominal colectomy (TAC) for intractable constipation has a variable reported success rate that decreases to 50% beyond 2 yr. We hypothesize that this inconsistent outcome can be explained by a more extensive intestinal involvement in some patients. Design: A consecutive sample of patients with intractable constipation had preoperative evaluations that included both upper and lower GI studies. Stool frequency, constipation, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and laxative or enema requirements were compared before and after operation. The study took place in an academic referral center and included 37 consecutive referred patients with severe intractable constipation and colonic dysmotility documented by radiopaque marker studies. Interventions: TAC, with ileoproctostomy in 34 patients and ileostomy in three. Main outcome measures: Patients with motility abnormalities only of the lower GI tract were diagnosed as having colonic inertia (CI). Those with motility disorders of both the upper and the lower GI tracts were considered to have generalized intestinal dysmotility (GID) with colon predominance. Results: Twenty-one patients had CI, and 16 had GID. Ninety percent of CI patients undergoing TAC had a successful outcome with a mean of 23 bowel movements (BMs)/wk at a mean follow-up of 7.5 yr. Although 88% of GID patients had initial improvement, with a mean of 19 BMs/wk at 6 months, only 13% had prolonged relief. After 2 yr, nine of the GM patients had recurrent constipation, and three had severe diarrhea. Conclusions: This study has identifiied two distinct types of colonic dysmotility, CI and GID. It has demonstrated the long-term success of TAC for CI and the importance of upper GI physiological studies to identify colon-predominant GID, which has a poor long-term response to TAC
Toward an Integration of Diverse Communication Contexts

[Life] is constructed by human beings through active ratiocination, by the same kind of ratiocination through which we construct nan-atives. When somebody tells you his life … it is always a cognitive achievement rather than a through-the-clear-crystal recital of something univocally given. (Bruner, 1987, p. 13)
The application experience of all-around nursing care in infantile febrile convulsion.

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to analyze the value of all-around nursing care for infantile febrile convulsion. METHODS Ninety-eight cases diagnosed with infantile febrile convulsion from February 2013 to October 2014 were selected to participate in this study. This study was approved by the hospital's ethics committee and received consent from the patients as well as their families. The patients were divided into a control group (N.=48 cases) and an observation group (N.=50 cases). Patients in both groups were offered anticonvulsants. The control group was offered general nursing care while the observation group was offered all-around nursing care. We compared and analyzed the nursing care in both groups. RESULTS The body temperature recovery and convulsion control time in the observation group were lower than the control group. Remarkably, the convulsion control rate was higher than the control group. The hospital stays were lower in the observation group compared to the control group (P<0.05). The patients' serum potassium, serum sodium levels and blood glucose before nursing care were all in the normal range. However, the serum potassium and serum sodium levels in the control group were lower, and the blood glucose level was higher than previous. After nursing care, the serum potassium and serum sodium levels in the observation group were higher than the control group. The blood glucose level was lower than the control group (P<0.05). The nursing satisfaction in the observation group was higher than the control group. The convulsion recurrence rate was lower in the observation group compared to the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The combination of all-around nursing care and anticonvulsants can improve the occurrence and duration of infantile febrile convulsion.
Phase I study of combination of antitumor immunotherapy targeted against cytomegalovirus (CMV) plus regulatory T-cell inhibition in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme (GBM).

e13030 Background: The inherent biologic specificity of immunotherapy offers the prospect of targeting neoplastic cells more precisely. Dendritic cells (DCs) are endowed with an extraordinary abili...
Comparison of Sea Water Exposure Environments on the Properties of Carbon Fiber Vinylester Composites

Composites used in infrastructure and structural applications can be exposed to environmental conditions initiating degradation in the composite due to stress, UV radiation, moisture and chemical effects. Combined exposure of UV radiation and sea water creates synergistic degradation, and is generated from cyclic exposure to the individual conditions. Here, three separate exposure systems are used to age carbon fiber-reinforced vinylester composites: UV radiation, salt spray, and humidity environmental chambers; full sample immersion in salt and sea water conditions; and outdoor exposure in a tidal pond. Characterization of the time-dependent changes in the mechanical strength and modulus of the coupons is performed for each environment and IR spectroscopy is used to assess chemical changes in the vinylester matrix. Comparison between the conditions will be discussed in the context of long-term outdoor exposure with accelerated laboratory conditions.
Real-time quantification of endothelial response to shear stress and vascular modulators

Quiescence is commonly used to describe the inactive state of endothelial cells (ECs) in monolayers that have reached homeostasis. Experimentally quiescence is usually described in terms of the relative change in cell activity (e.g. turnover, speed, etc.) in response to a perturbation (e.g. solute, shear stress, etc.). The objective of this study is to provide new insight into EC quiescence by quantitatively defining the morphology and activity of confluent cell monolayers in response to shear stress and vascular modulators. Confluent monolayers of human umbilical vein ECs (HUVECs) were subjected to a range of shear stresses (4–16 dyne cm−2) under steady flow. Using phase contrast, time-lapse microscopy and image analysis, we quantified EC morphology, speed, proliferation, and apoptosis rates over time and detected differences in monolayer responses under various media conditions: basal media supplemented with growth factors, interleukin-8, or cyclic AMP. In all conditions, we observed a transition from cobblestone to spindle-like morphology in a dose-dependent manner due to shear stress. Cyclic AMP enhanced the elongation and alignment of HUVECs due to shear stress and reduced steady state cell speed. We observed the lowest proliferation rates below 8 dyne cm−2 and found that growth factors and cyclic AMP reduced proliferation and apoptosis; interleukin-8 similarly decreased proliferation, but increased apoptosis. We have quantified the response of ECs in confluent monolayers to shear stress and vascular modulators in terms of morphology, speed, proliferation and apoptosis and have established quantifiable metrics of cell activity to define vascular quiescence under shear stress.
The Relation Between Academic Motivation and Cheating

Academic cheating occurs frequently in schools. Cheating is a deliberative act, in that students make a conscious decision to engage in academic dishonesty. Students’ achievement goals, which are m...
Studies on viremia in poliomyelitis. II. Adsorption in vitro of the JV strain of poliomyelitis virus on human erythrocytes.

Summary 1. Combinations of human poliomyelitis virus (JV strain, type I) and of human O erythrocytes, prepared under suitable experimental conditions, showed active virus in the centrifuged cellular sediment as well as in the supernatant fluid. 2. When human red cells which hadcontacted virus in vitro were washed three successive times, active virus was no longer demonstrable in the supernatant fluid but was present in the centrifuged erythrocyte sediment. 3. Examination of the blood of intramuscularly infected cynomolgus monkeys yielded active virus in the plasma fraction but not in the erythrocyte sediment. Positive results were obtained only before the onset of paralysis. 4. The significance of viral adsorptiononto human red cells for the mechanism of viremia is discussed.
Formalization in CSCW

This panel aims at exploring formalization in use, i.e. how people acquire, develop, use, and communicate formalizations.
Minimally elevated preoperative parathyroid hormone level influences the management of primary hyperparathyroidism.

Objectives/Hypothesis To determine the effect of preoperative parathyroid hormone (PTH) level on the extent of surgery and the accuracy of parathyroid imaging in primary hyperparathyroidism. Study Design Retrospective cohort. Methods Final diagnosis of single-gland adenoma and its location versus multigland disease was established in this retrospective cohort study. Positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of imaging were analyzed in relation to preoperative PTH levels. Results Eighty-seven percent of the 218 patients enrolled in the study underwent unilateral targeted operation and had a 97.9% (95% confidence interval: 95.8%–100%) success rate. However, in patients with PTH <65 pg/mL, 28.6% had bilateral exploration compared to 10.3% in those with PTH ≥65 pg/mL (P = .042). In patients with PTH <65 pg/mL, 7/21 (33.3%) had inaccurate sestamibi findings compared to 24/174 (13.8%) in patients with PTH ≥65 pg/mL (P = .047). Conclusions Accuracy of sestamibi drops significantly, by threefold, in patients with mild primary hyperparathyroidism and PTH <65 pg/mL. Patients with PTH < 65 pg/mL have a 2.5-fold higher rate of bilateral operation to identify the hypersecreting gland(s) compared to patients with PTH ≥65 pg/mL. Level of Evidence 4. Laryngoscope, 2017
RNAi applications in target validation.

The emergence of systems biology is certain to transform the identification and validation of therapeutic targets in modern drug discovery. A relatively recent systems biology approach is functional genomics, which identifies the molecular mechanisms responsible for a specific phenotype by interrogating the activity of all of an organism’s genes. Initially undertaken in model organisms such as Caenorhabditis elegans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Drosophila melanogaster, functional genomics has now moved into the realm of mammalian cells both in vitro and in vivo due to the development of RNA interference. RNA interference is a conserved biological process that has evolved to specifically and efficiently silence genes. Genome-wide screens using RNA interference have proven powerful in elucidating components of functionally related pathways and have therefore become integral for the development of new and improved therapeutic targets. This article provides an overview of many of the systems biology approaches taken, using RNA interference, in order to demonstrate how it may be used today for drug discovery and tomorrow as a targeted therapy.
Neuroanatomical and behavioral deficits in mice haploinsufficient for Pericentriolar material 1 (Pcm1)

Abstract The pericentriolar material (PCM) is composed of proteins responsible for microtubule nucleation/anchoring at the centrosome, some of which have been associated with genetic susceptibility to schizophrenia. Here, we show that mice haploinsufficient for Pericentriolar material 1 ( Pcm1 +/− ), which encodes a component of the PCM found to bear rare loss of function mutations in patients with psychiatric illness, manifest neuroanatomical phenotypes and behavioral abnormalities. Using ex vivo magnetic resonance imaging of the Pcm1 +/− brain, we detect reduced whole brain volume. Pcm1 mutant mice show impairment in social interaction, specifically in the social novelty phase, but not in the sociability phase of the three-chamber social interaction test. In contrast, Pcm1 +/− mice show normal preference for a novel object, suggesting specific impairment in response to novel social stimulus. In addition, Pcm1 +/− mice display significantly reduced rearing activity in the open field. Pcm1 +/− mice behave normally in the elevated plus maze, rotarod, prepulse inhibition, and progressive ratio tests. Together, our results suggest that haploinsufficiency at the Pcm1 locus can induce a range of neuroanatomical and behavioral phenotypes that support the candidacy of this locus in neuropsychiatric disorders.
Neuro-ophthalmology Approach to Oculoplastic Disorders

Neuro-ophthalmologists often participate in the care of patients with oculoplastic disorders. Their role may be the initial diagnosis, with subsequent referral; managing a patient ultimately found to have a neurologic reason for the oculoplastic condition (e.g., a patient with ptosis found to be secondary to myasthenia gravis); or coordinated care of diseases which straddle both specialties (e.g., thyroid orbitopathy, chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia, skull base tumors, orbital inflammatory syndrome, etc.). As with all of medical practice, good communication is an essential foundation for a fruitful and successful partnership in the care of patients.
Thymus-Dependent (T) Cell Competence in Chronic LCM Virus Infection

Once an animal has been infected in utero or neonatally with LCM virus, that virus can persist in most tissues throughout the animal’s life (11,29,30). This finding along with the inability to find free circulating antibody to LCM virus in such mice led Burnet to postulate in the late 1940’s that mice infected with LCM virus were immunologically tolerant to this agent (3). Doubts about the validity of this concept were first raised in the late 1960’s in our laboratory (16). While observing immunopathological and virological events in chronically infected mice, we found host immunoglobulin G (IgG), complement (C3, 3rd complement component) and LCM viral antigen(s) deposited in the renal glomeruli in a granular pattern (16). This picture of antigen, IgG and C3 deposits had been seen many times before in different diseases and is pathognomonic of immune complex deposits (5,6). This suggested that these mice, in spite of carrying persistent titers of LCM virus, were also mounting an anti-viral antibody response, the antibody complexing with virus in the circulation to form virus-anti-viral antibody (V-Ab) complexes which subsequently became trapped in the renal glomeruli. Later experimental work indeed showed both the presence of circulating V-Ab complexes (17,18) and of specific antibody to LCM virus (16,17,18). Later observations indicated that in some strains, i.e., NZB,(NZB x W)F1, about 15 to 20% of infected mice made detectable free circulating antibody by 6 to 9 months of age.
Evaluation of Environment-Independent Techniques for 3D Position Marking in Augmented Reality

Specifying 3D positions in the real world is an essential step to create augmented reality content. However, this task can be challenging when information about the depth or geometry of the target location is not available. In this paper, we evaluate alternative techniques for 3D pointing at a distance without knowledge about the environment. We present the results of two studies evaluating the accuracy of techniques based on geometry and human depth perception. We find that geometric methods provide higher accuracy but may suffer from low precision due to pointing errors. We propose a solution that increases precision by combining multiple samples to obtain a better estimate of the target position.
Incidence of peripheral neuropathy in patients with colorectal cancer receiving oxaliplatin alone vs. radiation therapy and oxaliplatin.

e18281Background: Peripheral sensory neuropathy (PN) is a known dose limiting toxicity of oxaliplatin, used to treat patients with colorectal cancer. Patients with rectal cancer receive radiation t...
Family factors and parental correlates to adolescent conduct disorder

The present study examined the relationship between family factors and parental correlates with adolescent conduct disorder in a national sample of adolescents. A secondary analysis of the 2011–201...
The interplay of biochemical and biomechanical degeneration in Alzheimer’s disease

Abstract Alzheimer’s disease is an irreversible neurodegenerative disorder that manifests itself in the progressive aggregation of misfolded tau protein, neuronal death, and cerebral atrophy. A reliable diagnosis of these changes in the brain is challenging because they typically precede the clinical symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease by at least one, if not two, decades. Volumetric magnetic resonance imaging holds promise as a non-invasive biomarker for disease onset and progression by quantifying cerebral atrophy in time and space. Recent studies suggest that the patterns of brain atrophy are closely correlated with the regional distribution of misfolded tau protein; yet, to date, there is no compelling computational model to simulate the interaction of misfolded protein spreading and tissue atrophy. Here we establish a multiphysics model that couples misfolded protein spreading and tissue atrophy to explore the spatio-temporal interplay of biochemical and biomechanical degeneration in Alzheimer’s disease. We discretize the coupled bio-chemo-mechanical problem using a nonlinear finite element approach with the misfolded protein concentration and the tissue deformation as primary unknowns. In a systematic parameter study, we probe the role of the individual model parameters and compare our results against cerebral atrophy curves of patients with early onset Alzheimer’s disease. A critical link between biochemical and biomechanical degeneration is the atrophy rate, which reflects both natural aging-induced atrophy and accelerated misfolding-induced atrophy. Our simulations reveal that misfolding accelerates natural atrophy by a factor of three to five, and that regions near the hippocampus are most affected by brain tissue loss. Our quantitative model could help improve diagnostic tools, advance early detection, and, ultimately, enable early interventions to delay the onset of cognitive decline in familial or sporadic Alzheimer’s disease.
Comment on "Low-Energy 18F(p,alpha)15O Cross Section Measurements Relevant to Nova Gamma-ray Emission"

A recent discussion of the {sup 18}F(p,{alpha}) reaction [N. de Sereville et al., Phys. Rev. C 79, 015801 (2009)] questions our previous analysis of interference effects in this reaction. We address these questions and demonstrate that our previous analysis is indeed appropriate.
Teaching Personal Protection and Safety to Middle School Students in Physical Education

The purpose of this article is to continue to fill the gaps in personal protection and safety programs that are being taught in middle school. The following teaching tips can enhance the effectiven...
Nanomaterials in the environment, human exposure pathway, and health effects: A review

Nanomaterials (NMs), both natural and synthetic, are produced, transformed, and exported into our environment daily. Natural NMs annual flux to the environment is around 97% of the total and is significantly higher than synthetic NMs. However, synthetic NMs are considered to have a detrimental effect on the environment. The extensive usage of synthetic NMs in different fields, including chemical, engineering, electronics, and medicine, makes them susceptible to be discharged into the atmosphere, various water sources, soil, and landfill waste. As ever-larger quantities of NMs end up in our environment and start interacting with the biota, it is crucial to understand their behavior under various environmental conditions, their exposure pathway, and their health effects on human beings. This review paper comprises a large portion of the latest research on NMs and the environment. The article describes the natural and synthetic NMs, covering both incidental and engineered NMs and their behavior in the natural environment. The review includes a brief discussion on sampling strategies and various analytical tools to study NMs in complex environmental matrices. The interaction of NMs in natural environments and their pathway to human exposure has been summarized. The potential of NMs to impact human health has been elaborated. The nanotoxicological effect of NMs based on their inherent properties concerning to human health is also reviewed. The knowledge gaps and future research needs on NMs are reported. The findings in this paper will be a resource for researchers working on NMs all over the world to understand better the challenges associated with NMs in the natural environment and their human health effects.
Topological speedups of $\mathbb{Z}^d$-actions

We study minimal $\mathbb{Z}^d$-Cantor systems and the relationship between their speedups, their collections of invariant Borel measures, their associated unital dimension groups, and their orbit equivalence classes. In the particular case of minimal $\mathbb{Z}^d$-odometers, we show that their bounded speedups must again be odometers but, contrary to the 1-dimensional case, they need not be conjugate, or even isomorphic, to the original.
Transforming schooling for second language learners: theoretical insights, policies, pedagogies and practices: by Mariana Pacheco, P. Zitlali Morales, and Colleen Hamilton (Eds), Charlotte, NC, Information Age Publishing , 2019, 296 pp., US$45.99 (paperback), ISBN: 978-1-64113-507-8.

Transforming Schooling for Second Language Learners: Theoretical Insights, Policies, Pedagogies, and Practices is a response to an urgent need to critically reimagine what education for emergent bi...
Mode-Locked Fiber Ring Lasers and Fiber Ring Memories

Mode-locked fiber ring lasers and long distance soliton propagation in fibers display many similarities, but also differ in significant ways. This lecture will try to elucidate some of these issues. Digital signals transmitted over long distances call for maintenance of the pulses and suppression of noise in the intervals between pulses. This maintenance must be adequate over the total length of the fiber cable; it need not last forever. Solitons propagating along a fiber with a filter distribution have the desirable property that they are, in a sense self-stabilizing. Gain compensates for the loss produced by the filters. If the soliton grows in amplitude, it shrinks in width and its spectrum broadens. The filter loss increases, and the soliton amplitude growth is counteracted. Conversely, a soliton of decreased amplitude has a narrower spectrum and less filter loss. The pulse experiences net gain that brings it back to the steady state.
Cytotoxic and mutagenic properties of O4-alkylthymidine lesions in Escherichia coli cells

Due to the abundant presence of alkylating agents in living cells and the environment, DNA alkylation is generally unavoidable. Among the alkylated DNA lesions, O(4)-alkylthymidine (O(4)-alkyldT) are known to be highly mutagenic and persistent in mammalian tissues. Not much is known about how the structures of the alkyl group affect the repair and replicative bypass of the O(4)-alkyldT lesions, or how the latter process is modulated by translesion synthesis polymerases. Herein, we synthesized oligodeoxyribonucleotides harboring eight site-specifically inserted O(4)-alkyldT lesions and examined their impact on DNA replication in Escherichia coli cells. We showed that the replication past all the O(4)-alkyldT lesions except (S)- and (R)-sBudT was highly efficient, and these lesions directed very high frequencies of dGMP misincorporation in E. coli cells. While SOS-induced DNA polymerases play redundant roles in bypassing most of the O(4)-alkyldT lesions, the bypass of (S)- and (R)-sBudT necessitated Pol V. Moreover, Ada was not involved in the repair of any O(4)-alkyldT lesions, Ogt was able to repair O(4)-MedT and, to a lesser extent, O(4)-EtdT and O(4)-nPrdT, but not other O(4)-alkyldT lesions. Together, our study provided important new knowledge about the repair of the O(4)-alkyldT lesions and their recognition by the E. coli replication machinery.
Unauthorized Practice of Law in Arizona: A Legal and Political Problem That Won't Go Away

Unauthorized practice of law has prompted legal and political controversy in Arizona for over four decades. That controversy has centered primarily around two events and their aftermath: the Arizona Supreme Court's 1961 decision in State Bar of Arizona v. Arizona Land Title & Trust Co. and the 1985 repeal of the Arizona statute prohibiting the unauthorized practice of law. Since twenty-five years separates these events, they may seem only generally connected. However, the Arizona Supreme Court's recent decision in In re Creasy demonstrates their close interrelationship as well as the legal and political characteristics of the controversy. In Creasy, the Court faced an issue involving its continuing jurisdiction over a previously disbarred lawyer, who had acted in a private arbitration that was unconnected to any judicial proceeding. Relying on the definition of the practice of law articulated in Arizona Title, the Court held that the disbarred lawyer's activities in the arbitration proceeding constituted the "practice of law" and found the lawyer guilty of contempt for violating his order of disbarment. The Court also asserted that its broad constitutional power over the practice of law "extended to non-lawyers as well as attorneys admitted to bar membership." This article reviews the history of unauthorized practice of law in Arizona to understand more fully the Creasy opinion and its important implications. The article then analyzes the Court's holding and rationale in Creasy and discusses the interrelated legal and political dimensions relating to the law on unauthorized practice and judicial power.
Heterogeneous Reaction Dynamics

Surface characterization physisorption, phase transitions, and adsorbate interactions energy transfer processes diffusion processes dissociative adsorption processes atom recombination processes catalytic oxidation processes small molecule decomposition processes reactive etching.
Chip geometry based tool force variation model for dynamic error correction in diamond turning

An essential ingredient in the fabrication of diamond turned surfaces is the accurate control of the relative position of the tool and the workpiece. One way to realize this is to use the cutting force information in real-time to infer the resulting surface roughness and to ultimately correct any dynamic errors. A crucial factor in the use of force information is modeling of the relationship between the force and surface roughness. In this paper, a chip geometry based force model is obtained. The force variation is expressed as a function of the depth-of-cut variation that results from slide vibration and/or spindle relative motion. This force/position model is then used as an admittance relationship in the overall force-based feedback control that utilizes a PZT based, high bandwidth, servo module to minimize the roughness of diamond turned surfaces.
Proportion of genome shared identical by descent by relatives: concept, computation, and applications.

Abstract One widely used measure of genetic similarity for pairs of relatives is gene identity-by-descent (IBD) sharing. Genes that are copies of a single gene in a common ancestor of the individuals who now carry them are said to be IBD. One obvious extension of the IBD concept is IBD gene(s) shared by more than two individuals. In this paper, I further extend the gene IBD concept to the proportion of genomes shared IBD by every member of a group of relatives. Genome may refer either to the entire autosomal genome or to one or more chromosomal segments or regions with known lengths. Consideration of a genome instead of one or two loci has several advantages. I present a model to describe the crossover process, based on the work of K. P. Donnelly. On the basis of this model, I give a mathematical definition of the proportion of genome shared IBD by relatives, or IBDP for short. Since the distribution of the IBDP is in general very difficult to determine, and since in most applications the mean and variance of the IBDP will suffice, I then provide a method for computing the first two moments of the IBDP. Applications to assessing gene survival, to genetic resemblance between two relatives, and to gene mapping are illustrated with examples. Finally, I discuss the utility of the IBDP in other areas.
An Electric Field Integral Equation for the Transverse Field Components Within Integrated Dielectric Waveguides

There is an increasing interest in the study of electronic and optical devices immersed in a layered dielectric surround. Modern fabrication techniques of solid-state chips have made possible high density integrated electronic and optical circuits. Advances in this technology have been on a revolutionary scale and have greatly exceeded corresponding advances in research which seeks to understand and predict device behavior. Obviously, the development of new and more effective methods of analysis is of paramount importance. An electric field integral equation is developed for the transverse field components within longitudinally-uniform integrated dielectric waveguides. Uncoupling of the axial component of the field from the transverse components reduces the number of scalar unknowns, thereby expediting numerical computation of approximate solutions. Furthermore, the resulting description is a pure integral equation as opposed to an integro-differential one. The dominant singularity of the Green's dyad is ...
Pharmacokinetics of veterinary drugs in laying hens and residues in eggs: a review of the literature

Poultry treated with pharmaceutical products can produce eggs contaminated with drug residues. Such residues could pose a risk to consumer health. The following is a review of the information available in the literature regarding drug pharmacokinetics in laying hens, and the deposition of drugs into eggs of poultry species, primarily chickens. The available data suggest that, when administered to laying hens, a wide variety of drugs leave detectable residues in eggs laid days to weeks after the cessation of treatment.