cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECTS OF MULTIPLE‐EXEMPLAR SELF‐INSTRUCTIONAL TRAINING ON HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS' GENERALIZED CONVERSATIONAL INTERACTIONS

A multiple-baseline-across-students design was used to investigate the effects of multiple-exemplar self-instructional training on the acquisition and generalization of conversational interaction of 4 high school students with mental retardation. The multiple-exemplar component of the model consisted of (a) several peers without disabilities teaching the use of a self-instructional social skills strategy across diverse examples of conversational interactions and across two settings and (b) assessing the generalized effects of training across additional peers and one setting. Findings indicated that peers were effective in teaching the multiple-exemplar strategy and that peer training was associated with systematic increases in generalized conversational interactions with familiar and unfamiliar peers with and without disabilities in an additional setting. Social validation data indicated that following multiple-exemplar training, all participants' performances approximated those of general education students and was judged by others to have improved.
Membrane-anchored form of v-sis/PDGF-B induces mitogenesis without detectable PDGF receptor autophosphorylation.

The v-sis protein is structurally and functionally related to PDGF. Forms of the v-sis protein which are anchored to the cell membrane via the transmembrane domain of the vesicular stomatitis virus G protein have been previously described (Hannink, M., and D.J. Donoghue. 1986. J. Cell Biol. 103:2311-2322). Several of these fusion proteins were shown to interact productively with the PDGF receptor (PDGFR) based on their ability to transform NIH 3T3 cells. In this report, we further characterized one of these membrane-anchored v-sis proteins, designated v-sis239-G. The gene encoding v-sis239-G was placed under control of the Drosophila melanogaster hsp70 promotor and synthesis of this protein was shown to induce a mitogenic response in NIH 3T3 cells. Unexpectedly, v-sis239-G did not induce detectable autophosphorylation of the PDGFR, in contrast to a similarly expressed secreted form of the v-sis protein. Thus, it appears that a PDGFR-mediated mitogenic response may be dissociated from detectable receptor autophosphorylation. Furthermore, induced synthesis of v-sis239-G was shown to lead to c-fos expression even in the absence of detectable receptor autophosphorylation. Interestingly, a nonmitogenic membrane-anchored form of the v-sis protein, designated v-sis239-G338, also induced c-fos without receptor autophosphorylation. These results raise interesting questions regarding the roles of autophosphorylation and c-fos induction in PDGFR-mediated signal transduction and suggest the possibility of an autophosphorylation-independent signal transduction pathway.
Double and Triple Activated Magnesium Pyrophosphate Phosphors

Magnesium pyrophosphate, double activated with cerium and thorium, has been developed as an ultraviolet emitting phosphor having considerably greater powder brightness than standard 360 BL phosphor. The peak of emission occurs between 3440 and 3560 A, depending upon composition, as compared with 3600 A for 360 BL. All data refer to excitation with Λ 2537. With increasing thorium content, the brightness is increased and the peak emission displaced toward longer wavelengths. The increase in brightness compared with the single activated parent phosphors is more than additive and may be interpreted as being due to sensitization of Th by Ce.The phosphors are made more friable through addition of a few per cent of silica before firing. They are very susceptible to oxidation at elevated temperatures and, for this reason, have not given outputs in lamps as high as expected from powder brightness data.The further addition of manganese resulted in a novel system of triple activated phosphors, : (Ce, Th, Mn), with relatively bright emission in the visible, plus variable amounts of ultraviolet. Color and brightness of these phosphors are a function of the concentration of all three activators, as shown in graphs and tables. The maximum brightness attained so far was of the order of two‐thirds of that of ZnBeSilicates of corresponding color. These phosphors, too, are improved by silica and show high sensitivity to oxidation at elevated temperatures. They produced lamps of lower lumen output than was expected from powder brightness data.
Behavior of a Solute Near the Critical Point of an Almost Pure Solvent

A lattice-gas model is used to analyse the behavior of the properties of a solute near the critical point of a pure solvent. The dimensionless activity coefficient γ2 = z2/p2 exhibits striking anomalies near the critical point of the pure solvent. Singularities in both the isothermal compressibility, KT, and the constant volume heat capacity, Cv, of the pure solvent are reflected in the behavior of γ2. The limit.γ*2, of this activity coefficient as the solute density tends to zero is found be to a particularly simple function of the density and the internal energy density of the pure solvent. Isotherms and the coexistence curve in the γ*2-P and γ*2-p1 planes are discussed. It is found that the partial molar volume of solute v2, can become very large (either positive or negative) on the critical locus of the mixture, and diverges at the pure solvent critical point. The limiting value of the partial molar volume of solvent,v1, at the pure solvent critical point depends upon the path of approach and can even be negative. Negative values of v1 and v2are found to be associated with critical azeotropy and “incipient azeotropy” in this model. The partial-molar enthalpies and internal energies also exhibit anomalies. It is suggested that the anomalous behavior of the activity coefficient may be responsible for anomalies in the rates of chemical reactions of solutes near the critical point of a solvent. Zur Beschreibung der Eigenschaften eines gelosten Stoffes (2) nahe dem kritischen Punkt des reinen Losungsmittels (1) wird ein Gitter-Gas-Modell benutzt. Der dimensionslose Aktivitatskoeffizient γ2 = z2/p2 zeigt interessante Anomalien nahe dem kritischen Punkt des reinen Losungsmittels. Im Verhalten von γ2 spiegeln sich die Singularitaten sowohl der isothermen Kompressibilitat KT als auch der Warmekapazitat Cv des reinen Losungsmittels. Es zeigt sich, das der Grenzwert γ*2 dieses Aktivitatskoeffizienten fur den Fall, die Teilchenzahldichte p2 des gelosten Stoffes gegen null geht, eine besonders einfache Funktion der Dichte und der Inneren Energie des reinen Losungsmittels ist. γ*2-P γ*2-p1 und Kurven fur konstante Temperatur und fur Sattigungsbedingungen werden diskutiert. Es folgt, das das partielle Molvolumen des gelosten Stoffes v2,sehr gros (positiv oder negativ) werden kann und am kritischen Punkt des reinen Losungsmittels divergiert. Der Grenzwert des partiellen Molvolumens des Losungsmittels v1 beim kritischen Punkt des reinen Losungsmittels hangt vom Weg der Annaherung an den kritischen Punkt ab und kann sogar negativ werden. In den behandelten Modellen sind negative Werte von v1 und v2 mit kritischer Azeotropie verknupft. Auch die partiellen molaren Enthalpien und Inneren Energien besitzen Anomalien. Moglicherweise ist das anomale Verhalten des Aktivitatskoeffizienten auch verantwortlich fur Anomalien in den Geschwindigkeiten von chemischen Reaktionen der gelosten Stoffe am kritischen Punkt des Losungsmittels.
Spherulitic crystallization of gelatinized maize starch and its fractions

Abstract Binary systems of polymers often display spherulitic morphologies after cooling from the melt, but these phenomena have rarely been reported among food polymers of native-size. Here we report the observation of spherulitic and other morphologies in gelatinized maize starch. The morphology could be manipulated by choosing polymer compositions and kinetic regimes. Spherulites (∼10 μm diameter) formed from gelatinized high-amylose maize starches and purified amylose at cooling rates of order of magnitude 100 °C/min. They were more numerous and exhibited a higher melting point the greater the ratio of amylose to amylopectin. Rapid cooling rates (150–500 °C/min) resulted in a more even distribution of smaller spherulites. Very rapid (liquid nitrogen quench) or slow (0.1–1 °C/min) cooling rates resulted in mixed morphology, as did addition of 15 or 60% (w/w) sucrose to a 10% (w/w) dispersion of high-amylose starch (HAS). Spherulites were observed in aqueous suspensions of high-amylose maize starch between 5 and 30% (w/w). Lower starch concentrations resulted in a broader size distribution and spherulites of more distinct shape. WAXS patterns of B-type were observed. Negatively birefringent spherulites predominated, but positive spherulites were found. The spherulite melting range overlapped with that for amylose–lipid complex. Evidence indicated that micro-phase separation takes place when a holding period at 95 °C follows gelatinization at 180 °C. Despite the high maximum temperature of treatment (180 °C) there was evidence for a memory effect in samples of 30% HAS. Spherulite morphology closely resembled that of native starch granules in very early stages of development.
Development of a Novel Curriculum to Enhance the Autonomy and Motivation of Residents

Teaching hospitals nationwide have experienced intense pressures on patient care systems that in the past provided a nurturing home for resident education. Increased regulatory burdens and the drive to increase revenues, among other changes, have placed severe constraints on resident and faculty time for education. In our pediatric residency program at the University of Rochester Medical Center, a symptom of these changes has been a perceived erosion of resident autonomy. Faculty have reported that residents are reticent to generate their own patient care plans, whereas residents have stated that faculty are overly directive and do not always take the time to listen to their assessment and plan. Recently, a resident “delegation” brought to our faculty a proposed educational contract, the purpose of which was to increase resident responsibilities for initiation of patient care plans and clarify the responsibility of the faculty to provide timely and constructive feedback on these plans. This contract has been received with enthusiasm by the faculty. It provides an ideal opportunity for introduction of our new curriculum to enhance resident autonomy, which will be implemented and tested over the next several years. We believe that the competency domain of practice-based learning and improvement, which is often challenging for residents, may be enriched by the application of self-determination theory (SDT), a body of knowledge and tools that has proven effective in business, education, athletics, and health care to enhance motivation.1,–,5 SDT was developed by 2 University of Rochester psychologists: Professors Edward Deci and Richard Ryan. It teaches that people who cultivate intrinsic motives to pursue goals are higher achievers than those who are prodded to perform by extrinsic rewards and punishments. The theory posits that human motivation is driven by psychological need fulfillment in 3 areas: autonomy (the need to … Address correspondence to William S. Varade, MD, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 777R, Rochester, NY 14642. E-mail: william_varade{at}urmc.rochester.edu
Analysis of Longitudinal Accelerator Instabilities

A sufficient stability condition for uniform coasting beams in cyclic particle accelerators is derived from Neil and Sessler's dispersion equation. Specific conditions are worked out for various injection patterns. The instability threshold depends fairly strongly upon the particle density distribution across the tank, and upon whether operation is below or above transition energy. For the latter case, the optimum distribution (allowing the largest number of particles in the beam) is derived. The possibility is investigated, using Nyquist diagrams, of injecting more particles by operating in a superstable state - one which depends for its stability on the low resistance of the tank walls. It is shown that any practical improvement by this means is probably illusory.
Delineating diseases by IMS-MS profiling of serum N-linked glycans.

Altered branching and aberrant expression of N-linked glycans is known to be associated with disease states such as cancer. However, the complexity of determining such variations hinders the development of specific glycomic approaches for assessing disease states. Here, we examine a combination of ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) and mass spectrometry (MS) measurements, with principal component analysis (PCA) for characterizing serum N-linked glycans from 81 individuals: 28 with cirrhosis of the liver, 25 with liver cancer, and 28 apparently healthy. Supervised PCA of combined ion-mobility profiles for several, to as many as 10 different mass-to-charge ratios for glycan ions, improves the delineation of diseased states. This extends an earlier study [J. Proteome Res.2008, 7, 1109–1117] of isomers associated with a single glycan (S1H5N4) in which PCA analysis of the IMS profiles appeared to differentiate the liver cancer group from the other samples. Although performed on a limited number of test subjects, ...
The electrical conductivity of sandstone, limestone and granite

summary. The electrical conductivity of cylindrical cores of Westerly granite, Indiana limestone and Nugget, St Peter and Kayenta sandstones was measured at about 25°C in vacuo, in air, and after saturation in distilled water, tap water, and 0.1 MNaCl solution. The three-electrode technique with a guard ring and the twoelectrode technique without a guard ring were used. Core aspect ratio over the range of 2.00 to 0.25, as well as frequency over the range of 50 Hz to 10 kHz, influences the conductivity of all rocks, especially those measured in vacuo. Measurements from water-saturated samples using a guard ring are not appreciably different from those obtained without a guard ring. The conductivity of rocks saturated in 0.1 MNaCl solution changes least with a change in aspect ratio; for these rocks a linear relationship, known as Archie's Law, exists between log porosity and log conductivity. No simple correlation was found between those factors in rocks saturated with tap or distilled water. Thus, it appears Archie's Law is of questionable value for correlating laboratory data from rocks saturated with low-conductivity fluids.
It is a far, far better mean I find…

An important problem often faced by simulation analysts is that of cho(bsing (or selecting) one of several potential system debigns. This can be accomplished by comparing outpuk from simulation models of these systems. In order to keep from making poor decisions, appropriate statistical models should be used. We present an overvliew of the types of questions that can be effectively ariswered using selection and ranking or multiple coxrlparison procedures, and provide references for specific details regarding their use.
Variation in Seed Handling by Two Species of Forest Monkeys in Rwanda

We examined temporal variability in the handling and dispersal of seeds by two sympatric species of monkeys, the arboreal blue monkey (Cercopithecus mitis doggetti) and the more terrestrial mountain monkey (C. l'hoesti). Ten months of data on phenological patterns and foraging behavior, including details of seed handling based on scan sampling data, were combined with dung sample data to examine patterns of seed handling. The systematic scan sampling observations showed that blue monkeys and mountain monkeys alternated between acting predominately as seed droppers, seed predators, and seed defecators depending on fruit resource availability. All the mountain monkey dung samples examined contained intact seeds, and 94% of the blue monkey dung samples contained intact seeds. Both monkey species defecated a greater number of seeds per dung sample and larger-sized seeds than found elsewhere for Cercopithecus monkeys. We found a mean of 2.33 and 6.43 seeds >2 mm in blue and mountain monkey dung samples, respectively. The mountain monkeys dispersed relatively higher numbers of seeds and frequented open, disturbed forest, suggesting that terrestrial forest monkeys have been overlooked as potentially important seed dispersal agents. The variability in the ways seeds were handled was dependent on the array of available food resources and may suggest that the monkeys exert weak selective pressures on fruit traits.
Magellan imaging radar mission to Venus

The Magellan imaging radar mapping mission has collected and processed data from the spacecraft in an elliptical orbit around Venus. A brief description is given of the mission and the spacecraft, followed by a more detailed description of the radar system design, which used Earth-orbiting synthetic aperture radar (SAR) experience and several innovations in its design to operate from an orbit around another planet. The radar sensor, ground processing, and data products are described. This multimode radar is the only science instrument on the mission and has the objective of mapping at least 70% of the planet surface. It has three modes: SAR, altimetry, and passive radiometry. The radar system has produced maps of almost all of the Venusian surface with a resolution better than 600 m equivalent optical line pair, and the best resolution obtained is equivalent to less than 300 m. Some of the early radar images are shown. >
Continuity and Creativity in Iroquois Beadwork

This review essay of Across Borders: Beadwork in Iroquois Life focuses on the display of beadwork as a cultural practice that has evolved significantly throughout its history while remaining central to Iroquois identity. The exhibition draws on historical documentation, objects, and imagery that depict the varied uses of beadwork as ritual objects, sources of income, markers of identity, and as works of art. The content and narrative for the display was developed through a broad collaboration between curators, scholars, artists, and members of two Iroquois communities. The changing and continued importance of beadwork is reflected in the adaptation of materials and styles for different forms of production and use. Across Borders places Iroquois beadwork in a broad context while concentrating on specific forms and meanings that are attached to beadwork, whether created in community gatherings or by individual artists.
Relationships Among Customer Satisfaction, Delight, and Loyalty in the Hospitality Industry

Customer satisfaction has been a focus of researchers and marketers as an important antecedent of customer loyalty. Some recent studies propose that customer delight possibly produces greater custo...
Fraud and Monitoring in Non-competitive Elections

This article develops a game-theoretic model that reconciles three facts: (1) fraud is pervasive in non-competitive elections, (2) domestic and international monitoring of elections have become nearly universal and (3) incumbent regimes often invite monitoring and still cheat. The incumbent regime commits fraud to manipulate the information generated by a non-competitive election before a political interaction with some audience. The audience expects fraud, so the incumbent commits fraud because she would appear weak if not doing so. Increasing the visibility of fraud with monitoring is valuable because it lowers the equilibrium level of costly fraud without changing how popular the incumbent appears. The core results hold under multiple extensions, which produce a rich set of comparative static results.
Mutations Causing Achondroplasia and Thanatophoric Dysplasia Alter bFGF-Induced Calcium Signals in Human Diploid Fibroblasts

Mutations in the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) gene family recently have been shown to underlie several hereditary disorders of bone development, with specific FGFR3 mutations causing achondroplasia (Ach) and thanatophoric dysplasia (TD). However, for none of these mutations has the defect in receptor function been demonstrated directly and, therefore, for none has the pathophysiological mechanism of the disease been defined. Using our established techniques for single-cell ratiometric real-time calcium image analysis, we defined the nature of the basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)-induced calcium signal in human diploid fibroblasts, and, in blinded studies, have analyzed the bFGF-induced signals from 18 independent fibroblast cell lines, including multiple lines from patients with known mutant alleles of FGFR3 and syndromes of Ach or TD. Control cells responded with transient increases in intracellular calcium, with many cells showing oscillatory calcium waves. Homozygous Ach cell lines failed to signal, whereas heterozygous Ach lines responded nearly normally. We observed heterogeneous signals in TD heterozygotes: the unresponsive lines all turned out to carry TD1 alleles, whereas all responsive lines had TD2 alleles. Since FGFR1, 2 and 3 receptors are known to be expressed in fibroblasts, our results suggest that specific mutant FGFR3 alleles can function in a dosage-dependent dominant-negative fashion to inactivate FGFR signaling.
Landscape analysis of Illinois and Wisconsin remnant prairies1

Abstract Corbett, E. A. (Department of Biological Sciences, Southeastern Oklahoma State University, Durant, OK 74701-0609) and R. C. Anderson (Behavior, Ecology, Evolution and Systematics Section, Department of Biological Sciences 4120, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790-4120). Landscape analysis of Illinois and Wisconsin remnant prairies. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 133(2): 267–279. 2006.—We examined Illinois and Wisconsin remnant prairie data to determine regional patterns of species composition as influenced by landforms with different topographic positions and soil properties resulting from glacial history. Three data sets were used, including 84 sites from Wisconsin sampled in the 1950s; 216 sites from Illinois sampled as part of the Illinois Natural Areas Inventory (INAI) in the 1970s; and a subset of 29 INAI sites resampled in 1998. These data sets are the best characterization of remnant prairie vegetation in the two states after most of the original prairies were lost. Data were analyzed using d...
Let's Make A Deal: Oil, Revenue Sharing, and Ethnic Group Rebellion in Civil War

A principal finding in the cross-national literature on civil war links oil production with heightened risk of onset. Rebellion at the subnational level has been linked to oil, but the mechanisms remain underspecified or not tested systematically. The paper argues that the effect of oil on ethnic group rebellion in civil war is conditional on the quality of the ethnic group’s political representation in the central government. Specifically, when the group enjoys co-ethnic representation, it should receive a more favorable revenue sharing agreement, which should discourage rebellion. Using original data on the involvement of African ethnic groups in civil war between 1980 and 2006, statistical analysis provides some support for this argument: oil’s effect on the probability of rebellion is mitigated substantially by co-ethnic political representation in the presidency. The civil wars in Angola are discussed as an illustration of the argument that co-ethnic representation might shorten or even avoid civil war fueled by oil wealth. The argument has implications for the study of political representation and its simultaneous exacerbating and mitigating effect on conflict risk by relevant subnational groups. It also has implications for the bargaining literature on civil war and how likely the international community’s recent financial and budgeting transparency-promoting initiatives will reduce the risk of conflict. Finally, it is a useful addition to the literature on the effect of nontax revenue on regime stability, as it outlines a specific mechanism through which fiscal windfalls may affect conflict risk.
PASTORAL PSYCHOTHERAPISTS: THEOLOGIANS IN PRACTICE

“The deeper that sorrow carves into your being, the more joy you can contain.” —Kahlil Gibran, The ProphetPastoral psychotherapy is the creative art of attending to the multitude...
Layering and merging linguistic annotations

The American National Corpus and its annotations are represented in a stand-off XML format compliant with the specifications of ISO TC37 SC4 WG1's Linguistic Annotation Framework. Because few systems that enable search and access of the corpus currently support stand-off markup, the project has developed a SAX like parser that generates ANC data with annotations in-line, in a variety of output formats.
Combined QM/MM Study of the Translocation of Chloride Ions through Escherichia Coli Chloride Ion Transporters

Chloride ion transporters (ClC) move Cl- across cellular membranes and are associated with numerous physiological and cellular processes. However, despite several decades of research, many details about the mechanism of ion transport by ClC proteins are not well understood at the molecular level. Our recent quantum calculations[1,2] revealed significant charge delocalization in Cl- binding, which contributes significantly to the effectiveness of the broken helical structure of the binding sites to coordinate Cl- ions. The marked loss of partial charges of the Cl- ions to the surroundings, especially to the residues having π bonds, may impact Cl- transport. Here we report a molecular dynamics study of the movement of Cl- through Escherichia coli ClC where we compare the free energy profiles obtained by employing both the molecular mechanics (MM) and combined quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) methods.[1] Smith, M.; Lin, H. Chem. Phys. Lett. 2011, 502, 112-117.[2] Church, J.; Pezeshki, S.; Davis, C.; Lin, H. J. Phys. Chem. B 2013, 117, 16029-16043.Acknowledgments: This project is supported by the NSF (CHE-0952337), XSEDE (CHE-140070), and Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation (TH-14-028). CD is grateful for the support of the Undergraduate Research Opportunity Program of the University of Colorado Denver.
Impact evaluation on viral hepatitis health education among Shenzhen community residents

Objective To investigate KAP( knowledge,attitude and practice) of community residents about viral hepatitis,and evaluate effects of viral hepatitis health education for effective health education strategies. Methods Two cross-sectional surveys for KAP about viral hepatitis B were conducted in community-based population from 15 to 59 years by random sampling methods before and after the health education. The results of two surveys were compared for evaluating intervention effect. Health education of viral hepatitis transmission,prevention,control and hazards were given by carrying out watching television,seminars,posters,disseminating information and prize quiz,etc. Results Awareness rates on knowledge of transmission, harm and prevention of HBV were still low. Ways to acquire knowledge were television( 65. 21%),followed by newspaper and magazines( 51. 3%) and promotional materials( 41. 9%) before intervention. After the intervention,ways to acquire knowledge were television( 66. 31%),health promotional materials( 64. 21%), newspaper and magazines( 57. 48%). After intervention,knowledge of hepatitis transmission,hazard awareness and prevention were improved significantly. The percentages who understood the harm of Hepatitis A and B were still low,only 45. 5% and 60. 0%,respectively. After intervention,there was improvement on"discrimination on HBV patients". The percentage of Hepatitis B or infectious case was isolated and encounter difficulties in work also decreased significantly. Conclusion It is critical to perform long-term and continuous health educations on viral hepatitis knowledge in communities,so as to eliminate"fear of HBV"and"discrimination on HBV patients"fundamentally.
Adult Child Caregiving

Caregiving by adult children to older parents is described. Sons and daughters generally provide different types and amounts of care, as well as receiving different amounts and types of support from others. Variations exist by race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and a number of other characteristics as well. More factors affect the provision of care by children than by spouses. Consequences and rewards for children are also different than for spouses.
Reason and emotion, not reason or emotion in moral judgment

One of the central questions in both metaethics and empirical moral psychology is whether moral judgments are the products of reason or emotions. This way of putting the question assumes that reason and emotion are two fully independent cognitive faculties, whose causal contributions to moral judgment can be cleanly separated. However, there is a significant body of evidence in the cognitive sciences that seriously undercuts this conception of reason and emotion, and supports the view that moral judgments are caused by a complex interplay of psychological mechanisms that are both cognitive and affective, but in a way that is not simply a function of the independent causal contributions of reason and emotion. The paper concludes by considering the implications of this view for metaethics.
Review: Slavery at Monticello: Life and Work on Mulberry Row

Slavery at Monticello: Life and Work on Mulberry Row http://slavery.monticello.org/mulberry-row Years ago, in the course of an obligatory visit to relatives, my family and I stopped briefly at Monticello. As an undergraduate architectural history student, I was excited about seeing this iconic site in person. We had only an hour or two to spare—perhaps that is why I have almost no memory of learning about slavery at Monticello. Today, engaged visitors can enrich their experience of the former plantation with the Thomas Jefferson Foundation's new app, Slavery at Monticello: Life and Work on Mulberry Row. The app introduces slavery at Monticello by focusing on the small group of dwellings, workshops, and sheds known as Mulberry Row. Hidden on a slope to the south of the “big house,” Mulberry Row included at least twenty structures where some of Jefferson's more than six hundred slaves lived and worked. The app is part of a groundswell of new thinking about place-based storytelling that builds on advances in digital technologies.1 At the same time, it responds to efforts in museology to attract differentiated audiences. The Slavery at Monticello app is also the culmination of a decades-long turn in the historiography of Monticello. Through painstaking attention to plantation records and by following associated leads, the Thomas Jefferson Foundation has reoriented attention away from hagiography and toward an understanding of Monticello as a working plantation.2 This work has shaped the presentation of the house museum and its programming, which includes a website that is easy to navigate yet brimming with layers of knowledge about the house, its inhabitants, and their milieu. Three themes organize the website: Jefferson, the “big house,” and slavery. The section on slavery includes three online exhibitions: one …
The Role of Loss Reserve Errors in The Smoothing of Policyholder Surplus

The penchant for insurers to engage in loss reserve earnings management has been well-established in the extant literature. Less well understood is the existence of a pattern in the systemic loss reserves errors found in the U.S. property-casualty insurance industry. This research examines that behavior and investigates the relationship between loss reserve errors and the cost of alternative sources of capital in the marketplace. We hypothesize that during times of relatively higher cost of alternative sources of capital insurance management will use its loss reserve estimates as a means of smoothing reported surplus for accounting purposes. We collect data from the U.S. property-casualty insurance industry over the period 1996 to 2011 and use GMM modeling techniques to control for dynamic responses. In addition to an aggregated industry analysis, we also perform separate analyses based on the insurer’s form of ownership. We find evidence that insurers use loss reserves to modulate reported surplus to compensate for changes in the relative cost of other sources of capital. Our results also show that these relationships vary depending on the ownership structure of an insurer.
The assembly factor Erb1 functions in multiple remodeling events during 60S ribosomal subunit assembly in S. cerevisiae

A major gap in our understanding of ribosome assembly is knowing the precise function of each of the ∼200 assembly factors. The steps in subunit assembly in which these factors participate have been examined for the most part by depleting each protein from cells. Depletion of the assembly factor Erb1 prevents stable assembly of seven other interdependent assembly factors with pre-60S subunits, resulting in turnover of early preribosomes, before the ITS1 spacer can be removed from 27SA3 pre-rRNA. To investigate more specific functions of Erb1, we constructed eight internal deletions of 40-60 amino acid residues each, spanning the amino-terminal half of Erb1. The erb1Δ161-200 and erb1Δ201-245 deletion mutations block a later step than depletion of Erb1, namely cleavage of the C2 site that initiates removal of the ITS2 spacer. Two other remodeling events fail to occur in these erb1 mutants: association of twelve different assembly factors with domain V of 25S rRNA, including the neighborhood surrounding the peptidyl transferase center, and stable association of ribosomal proteins with rRNA surrounding the polypeptide exit tunnel. This suggests that successful initiation of construction of these functional centers is a checkpoint for committing to spacer removal.
Implications of concomitant hypogastric artery embolization with endovascular repair of infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms

Abstract Objective Hypogastric artery embolization (HAE) is associated with significant risk of ischemic complications. We assessed the impact of HAE on 30-day outcomes of endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) of infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms. Methods We queried the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database from 2011 to 2014 to identify and to compare clinical features, operative details, and 30-day outcomes of EVAR with those of concomitant HAE with EVAR (HAE + EVAR). Multivariate analysis was performed to determine preoperative and intraoperative factors associated with development of significant complications observed in patients with HAE + EVAR. Results In a cohort of 5881 patients, 387 (6.6%) underwent HAE + EVAR. Compared with EVAR, a higher incidence of ischemic colitis (2.6% vs 0.9%; P = .002), renal failure requiring dialysis (2.8% vs 1%; P = .001), pneumonia (2.6% vs 1.3%; P = .039), and perioperative blood transfusion (17% vs 13%; P = .024) was noted after HAE + EVAR. Thirty-day thromboembolic events, strokes, myocardial infarction, lower extremity ischemia, reoperation, and readmission rates were not significantly different ( P > .05). Mortality at 30 days in HAE + EVAR patients was 4.1% compared with 2.5% with EVAR ( P = .044). HAE was independently associated with increased risk of colonic ischemia (adjusted odds ratio, 2.98; 95% confidence interval, 1.44-6.14; P = .003) and renal failure requiring dialysis (adjusted odds ratio, 2.22; 95% confidence interval, 1.09-4.53; P = .029). However, HAE was not an independent predictor of mortality. Average length of hospital stay was 4 ± 8.5 days after HAE + EVAR vs 3.3 ± 5.9 days after EVAR ( P = .001). Conclusions Concomitant HAE with EVAR is associated with longer and more complicated hospital stays. Ischemic colitis is a rare complication of EVAR. HAE increases the risk of ischemic colitis and renal failure requiring dialysis. This study highlights the importance of hypogastric artery preservation during EVAR.
Urban heat risk mapping using multiple point patterns in Houston, Texas

Extreme heat, or persistently high temperatures in the form of heatwaves, adversely impacts human health. To study such effects, risk maps are a common epidemiological tool that is used to identify regions and populations that are more susceptible to these negative outcomes; however, the negative health effects of high temperatures are manifested differently between different segments of the population. We propose a novel, hierarchical marked point process model that merges multiple health outcomes into an overall heat risk map. Specifically, we consider health outcomes of heat‐stress‐related emergency service calls and mortalities across the city of Houston, Texas. We show that combining multiple health outcomes leads to a broader understanding of the spatial distribution of heat risk than a single health outcome.
FMEA of manual and automated methods for commissioning a radiotherapy treatment planning system.

Purpose To evaluate the level of risk involved in treatment planning system (TPS) commissioning using a manual test procedure, and to compare the associated process-based risk to that of an automated commissioning process (ACP) by performing an in-depth failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA). Methods The authors collaborated to determine the potential failure modes of the TPS commissioning process using 1) approaches involving manual data measurement, modeling, and validation tests HYPERLINK \l “Fra98” 1, HYPERLINK \l “Smi15” 2 and 2) an automated process utilizing application programming interface (API) scripting, pre-loaded and pre-modeled standard radiation beam data, digital heterogeneous phantom, and an automated commissioning test suite (ACTS). The severity (S), occurrence (O), and detectability (D) were scored for each failure mode and the risk priority numbers (RPN) were derived based on TG-100 scale. Failure modes were then analyzed and ranked based on RPN. The total number of failure modes, RPN scores and the top ten failure modes with highest risk were described and cross-compared between the two approaches. RPN reduction analysis is also presented and used as another quantifiable metric to evaluate the proposed approach. Results FMEA of a MTP resulted in 47 failure modes with an RPNave of 161 and Save of 6.7. The highest risk process of “Measurement Equipment Selection” resulted in an RPNmax of 640. The FMEA of an ACP resulted in 36 failure modes with an RPNave of 73 and Save of 6.7. The highest risk process of “EPID Calibration” resulted in an RPNmax of 576. Conclusions An FMEA of treatment planning commissioning tests using automation and standardization via API scripting, pre-loaded and pre-modeled standard beam data, and digital phantoms suggests that errors and risks may be reduced through the use of an ACP. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
A Survey on Sign Language Recognition Using Smartphones

Deaf people around the globe use sign languages for their communication needs. Innovations of new technologies, such as smartphones, offer a host of new functionalities to their users. If such mobile devices become capable of recognizing sign languages, this will open up the opportunity for offering significantly more user-friendly mobile apps to sign language users. However, in order to achieve satisfactory results, there are many challenges that must be considered and overcome, such as light conditions, background noise, processing, and energy limitations. This paper aims to cover the most recent techniques in mobile-based sign language recognition systems. We categorize existing solutions into sensors-based and vision-based, as these two categories offer distinct advantages and disadvantages. The primary focus of this literature review is on two main aspects of sign language recognition: feature detection and sign classification algorithms.
Constructing a High-Stakes Community in the Classroom: A Case Study of One Urban Middle-School Teacher.

AbstractA teacher at an urban middle school worked to become part of her students’ communities and utilized the notion of community within her pedagogy. Her example offers hope that engaging with students’ communities and building community within the classroom are attainable and valuable goals. Her example also demonstrates that the concept of community can be relevant and powerful within a testing-focused environment that traditionally fosters competition and privileges the individual.
Sonicdoor: scaling person identification with ultrasonic sensors by novel modeling of shape, behavior and walking patterns

Non-intrusive occupant identification enables numerous applications in Smart Buildings such as personalization of climate and lighting. Current non-intrusive identification techniques do not scale beyond 20 people whereas commercial buildings can have 100 or more people. This paper proposes a new method to identify occupants by sensing their body shape, movement and walking patterns as they walk through a SonicDoor, a door instrumented with three ultrasonic sensors. The proposed method infers contextual information such as path detection and historical walks through different doors of the building in order to enhance the identification accuracy. Each SonicDoor is instrumented with ultrasonic ping sensors, one on the top to sense height and two on the sides of the door to sense width of the person walking through the door. SonicDoor detects a walking event and analyzes it to infer whether the Walker is using a phone, holding a handbag, or wearing a backpack. It extracts a set of features from the walking event and corrects them using a set of transformation functions to mitigate the bias. We deployed five SonicDoors in a real building for two months and collected data consisting of over 9000 walking events spanning over 170 people. The proposed method identifies up to 100 occupants with an accuracy of 90.2%, which makes it suitable for large-scale realistic buildings. SonicDoor method surpasses the state of the art by a factor of five, which is limited to 20 people.
The Design of a Logic Query Processor

We present the design of a logic query processor for linear recursive rules. Unlike the traditional methods which primarily use query information in query processing, our design makes use of both query information and program structure to achieve efficient query processing. The design of this processor consists of three major components: representation and classification, analysis, and compilation. The approach is to classify logic rules based on their structures and obtain quantitative information about the recursive expansions, and then combine the information with query instantiation to generate an efficient database program. This design suggests a sophisticated analysis phase before query processing. In return, it often yields a superior performance than other general processing strategies.
Power Control Using Two-Level Channel Inversion for Data Traffic in a Cellular CDMA System: Performance and Optimal Design

In this paper, we propose and analyze a simple adaptive uplink power control scheme, called two-level channel inversion, for data traffic in a cellular CDMA system. The basic idea is to reduce out-cell interference by reducing the rate of, or even suspending, transmission when the wireless channel is in a bad condition. We first describe the scheme in detail, and then present a probabilistic analysis model for evaluating the system performance. With this model, we determine the queueing delay and system throughput. Numerical results show that in comparison with the traditional channel inversion scheme, the two-level channel inversion scheme can substantially improve system throughput at a moderate cost of extra queueing delay. Finally, we present a design algorithm to optimize the overall performance while maintaining each user's quality of service (QoS).
A Reliable Diagnostic Test for Hypotonic Polyuria

Pinpointing the cause of hypotonic polyuria in a patient poses a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge, particularly in distinguishing primary polydipsia (either psychogenic or nonpsychogenic) from ...
Problems Posed by Collective Education

A description of child rearing practices and education in the Kibbutz may be of interest in itself. We have presented the material here because the Kibbutz setting serves as a “laboratory” for testing many generalizations and hypotheses concerning child rearing and the relationship of early childhood experience to later personality development. Collective education affords us the opportunity to examine some of our notions that stem primarily from data obtained from the nuclear family of Western society. Many of our principles and conclusions about child rearing are probably culture bound, yet their universal applicability is almost invariably implied. In this chapter we shall see what some of the principles and ideas, facts and generalizations are that may be questioned in the light of the Kibbutz experience. In subsequent chapters we will attempt to deal systematically with a number of the crucial issues we are about to stir up.
Prediction-Tracking-Segmentation.

We introduce a prediction driven method for visual tracking and segmentation in videos. Instead of solely relying on matching with appearance cues for tracking, we build a predictive model which guides finding more accurate tracking regions efficiently. With the proposed prediction mechanism, we improve the model robustness against distractions and occlusions during tracking. We demonstrate significant improvements over state-of-the-art methods not only on visual tracking tasks (VOT 2016 and VOT 2018) but also on video segmentation datasets (DAVIS 2016 and DAVIS 2017).
Revision of meso-Rex bypass utilizing a collateral vein in a patient with portal steal phenomenon after liver transplant: A case report

Abstract Introduction In children with extrahepatic portal vein obstruction or those who develop portal vein thrombosis after liver transplant, the use of Meso-Rex Bypass (MRB) creates a more physiological state by redirecting mesenteric blood flow back into the intrahepatic portal system via a venous conduit. Presentation of case A 3-year-old female with biliary atresia associated with polysplenia syndrome and a surgical history of Kasai portoenterostomy procedure, and an ABO incompatible whole liver transplant. Within a year after transplant she presented with prehepatic portal hypertension, that was treated with MRB using a deceased donor ABO compatible iliac vein as conduit. Six months later, she was taken to the operating room for bypass revision, during the procedure the MRB showed no flow and no thrombus, and a large splenorenal collateral vein that was causing a portal perfusion steal phenomenon was observed. After dissecting the collateral vein, an 8 cm x8 mm segment of this vessel was used as an autologous conduit to re-do the Rex. Discussion Failed of MRB can be attributed to portal steal phenomenon, hypercoagulable disorders, bypass contraction or kinking. In this case we believe the culprit to be the former. When there is a history of longstanding portal hypertension, large collaterals develop; thus, intraoperative portal vein flow measurement is critical and ligation of large collaterals during liver transplantation and MRB should be performed to avoid portal steal phenomenon postprocedure. Conclusion Using a collateral vein as an alternative autologous venous conduit is a feasible option that can have durable success.