cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Musculoskeletal response of dystrophic mice to short term, low intensity, high frequency vibration.

Objectives We aimed to identify parameters of low-intensity vibration that initiate the greatest osteogenic response in dystrophin-deficient mice and determine vibration safety for diseased muscle in three separate studies. Methods Study1: Mdx mice were randomized into seven vibration treatments and 14 d later, plasma osteocalcin and tibial osteogenic gene expression were compared among treatments. Study2: Three days of vibration was compared to other modalities known to elicit muscle injury in mdx mice. Study3: Dystrophic mice with more severe phenotypes due to altered utrophin were subjected to 7 d vibration to determine if muscle injury was induced. Muscle torque and genes associated with inflammation and myogenesis were assessed in Studies 2-3. Results Two sets of parameters (45 Hz 0.6 g and 90 Hz 0.6 g) evoked osteogenic responses. 45 Hz upregulated alkaline phosphatase and tended to upregulate osteoprotegerin without altering RANKL, and 90 Hz simultaneously upregulated osteprotegerin and RANKL. Thus, subsequent muscle studies utilized 45 Hz. Vibration for 3 or 7 d was not injurious to dystrophic muscle as shown by the lack of differences between vibrated and non-vibrated mice in torque and gene expression. Conclusions Results indicate that vibration at 45 Hz and 0.6 g is safe for dystrophic muscle and may be a therapeutic modality to improve musculoskeletal health in DMD.
Sanchez-Llamas, American Human Rights Exceptionalism and the VCCR Norm Portal

This Essay examines Sanchez-Llamas v. Oregon within the line of cases challenging U.S. non-compliance with the notification requirements of the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations (VCCR). The VCCR litigations arose as a response to American death penalty exceptionalism. Viewed through the lens of transnational efforts to integrate international human rights norms into the United States, Sanchez-Llamas illuminates the ways in which American human rights exceptionalism - in its many forms - is being actively contested and how judges - implicitly and explicitly - respond to arguments for and against exceptionalism.
Institutions and information in multilateral bargaining experiments

This paper examines the behavior in multilateral bargaining experiments with alternating offers and asymmetric information. In all experiments, a single buyer has up to ten bargaining periods to purchase one unit of a good from each of two sellers. Treatments vary based on who makes the first offer (buyer or sellers), timing (consistent buyer-offer/sellers-demand or alternating), and information (buyer’s value and sellers’ costs are known or come from a uniform distribution). We find that actual bargaining outcomes are virtually identical when offers alternate, regardless of which player makes the first offer. We find that alternating offers reduce bargaining delay slightly compared to treatments in which one side or the other makes repeated take-it-or-leave-it offers. Finally, we find that incomplete information increases bargaining delay and the likelihood of failed agreements.
Teaching Political Science Online: Gender, Age and Frequency of Enrollment as Determinants of Student Perceptions and Expectations

The literature on online educations suggest that gender, age and frequency of enrollment in online classes impacts student performance in such classes. For example, females and non-traditional aged students tend to perform better in online classes than their male, traditional-aged colleagues. Building on that literature and applying it to the discipline of Political Science, this analysis looks at the impact of these variables on studentsﾒ perceptions and expectations for online Political Science classes. The data for this analysis were drawn from surveys administered to students enrolled in online courses offered by the Political Science Department during the spring 2004, fall 2006 and fall 2008 semesters. The UW-Whitewater Political Science Department has been a campus leader in online education offering several online classes each semester for several years and also allows student to complete their major wholly via online courses. The findings will also be discussed in the broader context of higher education policy. (Although this clearly falls into the ﾓTeaching, Research, ﾅ section of the WPSA, the form requires that two sections are selected for submission. Given that one variable is gender, Women and Politics was chosen as the second section.)
Evaluation of Computer Assisted Instruction in the Secondary Education Environment

While computers are often seen as a panacea for many of the limitations of secondary education, research has shown that poor implementation of computer-assisted instruction can decrease student learning. School systems that implement computer technology into their teaching processes need to consider issues such as the nature of the academic content, the sequencing of its presentation, the technological experience of the students, the usability of the computer software and hardware, and the type of feedback provided to students. Software applications must be selected judiciously for best results. This research has two components. In the first study, a broad-based, naturalistic implementation of computer assisted instruction in a high school was investigated. The study covered several course subjects, academic tracks, and student grade levels. Student performance was compared using final course grades for each student. The results showed differential affects of computer-assisted instruction depending on stu...
A glass-vial technique for monitoring tolerance of Bemisia argentifolii (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) to selected insecticides in Arizona

A glass-vial bioassay technique was used to assess the toxicity of bifenthrin, endosulfan, fenpropathrin, and fenpropathrin+acephate (1:1) to adult Bemisia argenltifolii Bellows & Perring. Initial surveys of B. argentifolii susceptibility to the test insecticides established a basis for monitoring possible changes in population sensitivity to these products. Data on tolerance of B. argentifolii adult populations were obtained in 1992 (20 populations) and 1993 (22 populations) with treated glass vials. Surveys on populations from different host crops (cotton, cole crops, and melons) were done in different geographical areas in Arizona. Probit analysis of the results indicated that the LC50s from many of the test sites were significantly different, exhibiting various levels of tolerance to the insecticides tested. Host plants, crop phenology, and the geographical region seemed to affect responses of B. argentifolii populations.
An information theoretic source seeking strategy for plume tracking in 3D turbulent fields

We present information theoretic search strategies for single and multi-robot teams to find and localize the source of a biochemical or radiological materials in turbulent flows. In our work, robots rely on sporadic and intermittent sensor readings to synthesize information maximizing exploration strategies to find and localize the position of the source. By reasoning about the spatial distribution of these sensory cues, the robots are able to construct a belief distribution over the possible positions of the source. The belief distribution is then employed to synthesize motion strategies that drives the robots to regions in the workspace that results in the largest decrease in the entropy of the belief distribution for the source position. We validate the proposed strategies in 2D and 3D environments and consider the performance of the strategies when robots have limited access to global pose information. In particular, the proposed strategies are validated using a three dimensional (3D) time-varying computational fluid model of the 2010 Deep Water Horizon oil spill.
Catalysis by Atomically Precise Gold Nanoclusters

Gold nanoclusters protected by ligands (e.g., thiolate) have emerged as a new class of nanomaterial in recent years. Significant progress in the synthetic chemistry has produced a series of atomically precise nanoclusters (denoted as Au n (SR) m , where n and m represent the numbers of metal atoms and ligands, respectively). The ultrasmall Au n (SR) m nanoclusters (subnanometer to 2 nm in metal core diameter) exhibit strong electron-energy quantization effects due to their ultrasmall size, in contrast with the continuous electronic conduction band in conventional metallic gold nanoparticles. With respect to the catalytic application of nanoclusters, a range of chemical reactions have been demonstrated such as catalytic oxidation, selective oxidation, chemoselective hydrogenation, and carbon–carbon coupling reactions. With crystallographically characterized nanoclusters, deep insight into the catalytic mechanism can be obtained. Overall, these atomically precise Au n (SR) m nanoclusters serve as new model catalysts and provide an exciting opportunity to correlate the catalytic properties with the atomic structure of nanoclusters.
Vibrations and Spatial Patterns Change Effective Wetting Properties of Superhydrophobic and Regular Membranes

Small-amplitude fast vibrations and small surface micropatterns affect properties of various systems involving wetting, such as superhydrophobic surfaces and membranes. We review a mathematical method of averaging the effect of small spatial and temporal patterns. For small fast vibrations, this method is known as the method of separation of motions. The vibrations are substituted by effective force or energy terms, leading to vibration-induced phase control. A similar averaging method can be applied to surface micropatterns leading surface texture-induced phase control. We argue that the method provides a framework that allows studying such effects typical to biomimetic surfaces, such as superhydrophobicity, membrane penetration and others. Patterns and vibration can effectively jam holes and pores in vessels with liquid, separate multi-phase flow, change membrane properties, result in propulsion, and lead to many other multiscale, non-linear effects. Here, we discuss the potential application of these effects to novel superhydrophobic membranes.
Microwawe Power Transmission from an Orbiting Solar Power Station

ABSTRACTThe paper considers the problem of microwave power transmission from an orbiting solar power station to the earth. In particular, questions such as the optimum frequency range, antenna dimensions and mechanical tolerances, phasing and directional control, and attainable transmission efficiencies are discussed.
Get Your Own Street Cred: An Argument for Trademark Protection in Street Art

This note argues for the grant of trademark protection to street artists. The appropriation of street art by retailers is becoming increasingly commonplace, causing consumer confusion in the marketplace. As a result, street artists are bring intellectual property claims, including trademark infringement. There are many challenges a street art faces in bringing a successful trademark infringement claim under § 43(a) of the Lanham Act. These challenges include proving artists have used their mark in commerce and addressing concerns that trademark protection intrudes on other intellectual property laws. This note examines the reasons why courts should broadly interpret use in commerce to validate marks used by street artists. There have been debates regarding whether artists are entitled to trademark protection given the expressive nature of their marks. Courts are reluctant to grant trademark protection to artists. Street art should be exempt from this treatment. Most street artists, as opposed to other artists, use marks in a trademark manner. They use their marks to build reputations and identify the source of their works. As this use is in line with trademark use, street artists should be entitled to trademark protection. Used in commerce means use in commerce that is covered by the Commerce Clause. A broad interpretation of the Commerce Clause would include activity that substantially affects commerce. This note argues that courts should broadly interpret the Commerce Clause to encompass street art, which is mostly a non-commercial activity. This broad interpretation furthers Congress’s intent under trademark law to prevent consumer confusion. In the alternative, this note contemplates treatment of street artists under the eleemosynary standard reiterated in Planetary Motion Inc. v. Techplosion, Inc. and considers the possibility of adding a famous mark exception to the use in commerce requirement.
Wine polysaccharides influence tannin-protein interactions

Abstract Tannins are responsible for the astringency of red wine where it is considered to be the perception that follows tannin interaction with salivary protein. In this study, the influence of red wine polysaccharides on the interactions between tannins and proteins has been investigated. The mean degree of polymerization, subunit composition and molecular mass of tannins was determined for tannins isolated from various red wines. In addition, the composition of total soluble polysaccharides was determined for polysaccharides isolated from the same red wines. The influence of polysaccharides on the interaction between tannins and protein were investigated. The ability of tannins to interact with a hydrophobic surface (tannin activity) did not significantly change after the addition of the corresponding polysaccharides. Rhamnogalacturonan II, the proportion of pigmented tannins and the mean degree of polymerization seemed to encourage protein precipitation either through the formation of insoluble tannin-polysaccharide aggregates or because of protein-polysaccharide interactions.
Subjective Games and Equilibria

Applying the concepts of Nash, Bayesian, and correlated equilibria to the analysis of strategic interaction requires that players possess objective knowledge of the game and opponents' strategies. Such knowledge is often not available. The proposed notions of subjective games and of subjective Nash and correlated equilibria replace essential but unavailable objective knowledge by subjective assessments. When playing a subjective game repeatedly, subjective optimizers converge to a subjective equilibrium. We apply this approach to some well known examples including single- and multi-person, multi-arm bandit games and repeated Cournot oligopoly games. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: C73 and C83.
Overconfidence over the lifespan

This research investigated how different forms of overconfidence correlate with age. Contrary to stereotypes that young people are more overconfident, the results provide little evidence that overestimation of one's performance or overplacement of one's performance relative to that of others is correlated with age. Instead, the results suggest that precision in judgment (confidence that one knows the truth) increases with age. This result is strongest for probabilistic elicitations, and not present in quantile elicitations or reported confidence intervals. The results suggest that a lifetime of experience, rather than leading to better calibration, instead may increase our confidence that we know what we're talking about.
Sideline Sports Concussion Assessment

The sideline assessment of concussions is a complex multisystem assessment to detect whether an athlete shows signs or symptoms of concussion and should be removed from practice or competition to prevent greater neurologic compromise. Sideline concussion assessments are challenging given some of the environmental conditions, substitution rules of some sports, the possibility of athletes underreporting symptoms, and the difficulties of defining a concussion. The SCAT is the standard of care and is augmented with other procedures to enhance sensitivity and specificity. Serial assessments acutely are important to detect any evolving neurologic emergencies. This article provides a detailed review of the procedures in performing a sideline concussion assessment.
Selection and Repetition Constructs

Like other high-level programming languages, C has the ability to make decisions by comparing values. Two values can be tested for equality, for example, and one block of statements can be executed if the values are equal. Another block of statements, or no statements at all, can be executed if the values aren’t equal. The purpose of such decision-making statements should already be clear from the discussion of pseudocode commands in Chapter 1. Also, we have already used some implementations of the pseudocode IF…THEN…ELSE statement in Chapters 2 and 3 in code for reading files. For instance, in the statements
High Field Side Lower Hybrid Current Drive Simulations for Off- axis Current Drive in DIII-D

Efficient off-axis current drive scalable to reactors is a key enabling technology for developing economical, steady state tokamak. Previous studies have focussed on high field side (HFS) launch of lower hybrid current drive (LHCD) in double null configurations in reactor grade plasmas and found improved wave penetration and high current drive efficiency with driven current profile peaked near a normalized radius, ρ, of 0.6-0.8, consistent with advanced tokamak scenarios. Further, HFS launch potentially mitigates plasma material interaction and coupling issues. For this work, we sought credible HFS LHCD scenario for DIII-D advanced tokamak discharges through utilizing advanced ray tracing and Fokker Planck simulation tools (GENRAY+CQL3D) constrained by experimental considerations. For a model and existing discharge, HFS LHCD scenarios with excellent wave penetration and current drive were identified. The LHCD is peaked off axis, ρ∼0.6-0.8, with FWHM Δρ=0.2 and driven current up to 0.37 MA/MW coupled. For HFS near mid plane launch, wave penetration is excellent and have access to single pass absorption scenarios for variety of plasmas for n|| =2.6-3.4. These DIII-D discharge simulations indicate that HFS LHCD has potential to demonstrate efficient off axis current drive and current profile control in DIII-D existing and model discharge.
1,3-Bis(chloro-meth-yl)benzene.

The title compound, C8H8Cl2, used in the synthesis of many pharmaceutical inter­mediates, forms a three-dimensional network through chlorine–chlorine inter­actions in the solid-state that measure 3.513 (1) and 3.768 (3) A.
Abstract B086: Targeting Auger electrons to cellular nuclei via PARP-1

Introduction: Auger-emitting radionuclides have promising therapeutic properties due to their high linear energy transfer with nanometer ranges in tissue, although they have proven challenging to work with since they must be targeted to cellular nuclei to directly cause DNA damage. In the present study, we sought to utilize PARP-1 as a molecular target for the delivery of Auger electrons to induce local DNA damage without altering PARP-1 enzymatic activity. PARP-1 is an abundantly expressed nuclear protein involved in the DNA damage response and the primary target of emerging therapeutics for the treatment of homologous recombination deficient (HRD) ovarian cancers. Methods: In vitro cytotoxicity studies were performed by treating BRCA1-deficient ovarian carcinoma cell lines (UWB1.289 and OVCAR8) with various doses of [125I]KX1 or [123I]KX1, a PARP inhibitor analogue. To understand the specificity of KX1, the same treatments were given to matching cell lines that either were engineered to have a restored HR status via BRCA1 expression (UWB1.289 BRCA1-restored), or PARP1 knockout via CRISPR/cas9 genome editing (OVCAR8 PARP1-knockout). Next, cellular immunofluorescence was performed and DNA damage was assessed by measuring GH2AX, 53BP1, PAR, and PARP-1 levels at 2 or 24 hours after treatment with [125I]KX1 or [123I]KX1. Results: Cytotoxicity data revealed a dose-dependent reduction in cell viability in both BRCA1 HRD cell lines after treatment with either Auger emitter. Cell death in UWB1.289 BRCA1-restored and OVCAR8 PARP1-knockout cell lines was reduced when compared to identical treatments in parent cell lines. Immunofluorescence analysis showed a dose-dependent increase in GH2AX and 53BP1 foci as early as 2 hours post treatment in OVCAR8. Similar to the cytotoxicity data, GH2AX foci formation was reduced in OVCAR8 PARP1-knockout. Interestingly, treatment with radiolabeled [123I]KX1 did not reduce cellular ribosylation (PAR) as seen with the treatment of a commercially available PARP inhibitor, but resulted in an increase from control. Conclusions: Auger-emitting radionuclides delivered to nuclei via PARP-1 can cause significant DNA damage. Reduced cytotoxicity and GH2AX foci observed after treating OVCAR8 PARP1-knockout cell lines demonstrated that both Auger emitters caused DNA damage as a result of specifically targeting PARP-1. Furthermore, these agents did not inhibit the enzymatic activity of PARP-1 and may have the potential to elicit neoantigenicity through DNA damage without altering the proinflammatory pathways regulated by ribosylation. Citation Format: Harrison D. Winters, Robert H. Mach, David A. Mankoff, Daniel A. Pryma, Mehran Makvandi. Targeting Auger electrons to cellular nuclei via PARP-1 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2017 Oct 26-30; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2018;17(1 Suppl):Abstract nr B086.
A Comparison of Stem Cell Therapies for Parkinson Disease

Parkinson disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Current treatment options for patients with PD include levodopa and deep-brain stimulation. These treatments, although at times effective, are not a panacea for individuals with PD because they only alleviate symptoms. Recently, many different stem cell techniques have emerged that show promise at effectively curing PD, including neural stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Although these techniques show potential, they are limited by the lack of in vivo human testing and clinical trials in animal models of PD. An analysis of these 3 novel stem cell techniques shows that induced pluripotent stem cell treatment has the most promising future as the source of a cure for PD owing to its functionality in drug screening and modeling as well as its usefulness in cell replacement therapy. While still in the preliminary stages of research, stem cells provide a potential curative solution with minimal risks and deficiencies.
Meaning and Uncertainty Inherent in Understanding Images, Spatial-Taxon Hierarchy, Word Annotation and Relevant Context

This paper explores the meaning and uncertainty inherent in (a) understanding image hierarchies; (b) describing them with words; and (c) navigating the abstraction context of the viewer. A spatial-taxon hierarchy, a standardized scene architecture, partitions an image into a foreground, subject and salient objects and/or sub-objects. The introduction starts with a thought experiment (Thought experiments, borrowed from the model-theoretic isomorphism standard of structure-mapping theory, enable readers to compare two systems thought to be similar. It’s a form of inductive reasoning that expands knowledge in the face of uncertainty (Holland et al. 1986 [13]) by providing an explicit representation of how two systems are similar. Though the conclusion that the two systems do share an isomorphic structure can only be supported via various degrees of truth (fuzzy membership), it establishes its plausibility. Analogical reasoning is natural to human thought and communication making it useful for scientific papers.) based on a poem & an image landscape. The thought experiment is intended to provide analogical inference as scaffolding for the rest of the paper. The results of experimental data of human annotated spatial-taxon and corresponding word descriptions of two images are presented. The experimental results are analyzed in terms of spatial-taxon designation and the meaning & uncertainty presented by the human annotations. The results support the fuzzy spatial-taxon hierarchy of human scene perception described by other works, show that word descriptions depend on spatial-taxon designation and that long tail word distributions require unbounded possibility with semantic uncertainty (type 2 fuzzy sets) for the word counts in the probability distribution. Deep learning image recognition, Zadeh information restriction principal, Shannon’s distinction between information content and semantics, customized image descriptions and fuzzy inference techniques are explored.
Heat and Mass Transfer Limitations and Catalyst Deactivation Effects in Olefin Polymerization for Gas Phase and Slurry Reactors

A detailed mathematical model for polymerization of olefins over solid catalysts, the Multigrain Model, is used as the basis for this study. This model takes account of the micros trueture of the growing particle and considers diffusion of monomer in two distinct regimes. Using the model, polymerization rate behavior of the growing polymer particles in gas or slurry polymerization may be predicted. Criteria for the importance of intra particle monomer diffusion and heat transfer under conditions of industrial interest are presented graphically. In addition, the mass and heat transfer resistances in the external film are evaluated for catalysts of varying activity. The effects of mass and heat transfer and catalyst decay on reaction rate profiles, activation energies and particle overheating phenomena are illustrated.
General Physical Metallurgy of Titanium Reviewed

Serious physical metallurgy of titanium started about 1948. Viewed some six years later, there is no question but that the progress made has been tremendous. Because a short review cannot hope to summarize all of the excellent work accomplished, stress has been placed on the general principles of titanium physical metallurgy developed so far.
Including Charge Correlations in the Calculation of the Total Energy and Electronic Structure of Random Alloys

A first-principles, local-density-functional theory of total energy of random alloys has been developed which extends the coherent potential approximation (CPA) by incorporating effects due to correlation of atomic charges with the local chemical environment. The corrections to the mixing enthalpies due to these charge correlations can be significant and improve agreement with experiment. This charge-correlated CPA (cc-CPA) elucidates details of screening within the random alloy and provides a description of charge effects that have transferability across the entire concentration range. From this information, a simplification to the cc-CPA is made which retains a majority of the correlations effects and energy corrections but is as simple as the CPA to implement. Since our goal is to describe short-range ordering tendencies in alloys via the energetics of the random alloy, we remark on the implications to the theory of concentration-waves, and give a brief status report of that theory.
Wal-Mart Update, 2011

In 2011, Wal-Mart was the world's largest company, with $420 billion in sales and operations in 14 countries. Yet it found itself searching for the right growth strategy moving forward. U.S. same-store sales had declined for eight consecutive quarters, and Wal-Mart was increasingly becoming dependent on international sales. Meanwhile, intense competition came from various players, ranging from general discounters to dollar stores to online retailers. What should Wal-Mart do as its traditional markets and core competencies no longer ensure the kind of growth that it had enjoyed for decades in the past?Learning Objective: To teach competitive strategy.
Gender differences in identity development: an examination of longitudinal data

Longitudinal data from 105 junior high school students were analyzed to examine the relationship between gender and identity development over time. Analysis of variance, t tests, and analysis of covariance were employed. Taken collectively, results indicated that patterns of change over time were similar for males and females; as the students aged, they grew in psychosocial maturity regardless of gender. These results are consistent with other work using Eriksonian-based assessment instruments. Gilligan, using ethnographic methodology and a framework at odds with Erikson's, has proposed a very different interpretation of development across gender. Perhaps the two methodologies and the concomitant findings should be considered in a complementary fashion in view of the complex societal forces imposed upon females as they progress in their identity development.
“Un muerto vivo”: Poe and Argentina

“‘Un muerto vivo’: Poe and Argentina,” by Emron Esplin, examines Poe’s literary relevance in Argentina, including his influence on Leopoldo Lugones, Horacio Quiroga, Jorge Luis Borges, and Julio Cortazar. Poe’s influence on and affinities with these major figures, who represent disparate and competing poetics, demonstrate his long-lasting presence in a place he never visited and never wrote about. In the place-oriented terminology of geographer Edward Relph, Poe’s Argentine advocates have moved him from a position of oblivious “outsideness” to one of “existential insideness.” In short, while Argentina appears to be a non-place for Poe, this site adopts, proliferates, responds to, and tweaks Poe like few others do.
Various Topologies of Coupled-Mode Structures Exhibiting Exceptional Points of Degeneracy

We investigate the modal characteristics of coupled-mode guiding structures in which the supported eigenmodes coalesce; the condition we refer to as an exceptional point of degeneracy (EPD). EPD is a point in a system parameter space at which the system eigenmodes coalesce in both their eigenvalues and eigenvectors, where the number of coalescing eigenmodes at the EPD defines the order of the degeneracy. First, we investigate the prospects of gain/loss balance and how it is related to realizing an EPD. Under geometrical symmetry in coupled resonators or coupled waveguides such scheme is often attributed to PT-symmetry; however, we generalize the concept of PT-symmetry to coupled waveguides exhibiting EPDs that do not necessarily have perfect geometrical symmetry. Secondly, we explore the conditions that lead to the existence of EPDs in periodically coupled waveguides that may be lossless and gainless. In general, we investigate properties associated to the emergence of EPDs in various cases: i) uniform, and ii) periodic, lossy or lossless, coupled-mode structures. Generally, the EPD condition is very sensitive to perturbations; however, it was shown recently with experimental and theoretical studies that EPDs' unconventionai properties exist even in the presence of loss and fabrication errors. Extraordinary properties of such systems at EPDs, such as the giant scaling of the quality factor and the high sensitivity to perturbation, provide opportunities for various applications in traveling wave tubes, pulse compressors and generators, oscillators, switches, modulators, lasers, and extremely sensitive sensors.
A biophysical computational model for memory trace transfer from hippocampus to neocortex

The hippocampus plays important roles in memory formation and retrieval through sharp-wave-ripples. Recent studies have shown that certain neuron populations in the prefrontal cortex exhibit coordinated reactivations during awake ripple events. Also, the reactivation seems stronger during initial awake learning. These experimental findings suggest that the awake ripple is an important biomarker, through which the hippocampus interacts with the neocortex to assist the memory formation and retrieval. However, the computational mechanisms of this ripple based hippocampal-cortical coordination are still not clear. In this work, we build a biophysical model that includes both CA1 and layer V networks of the prefrontal cortex to investigate the possible mechanisms, by which the memory traces in the hippocampus can be transferred to prefrontal cortex. We first show that the local field potentials generated in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex exhibit ripple range activities that are consistent with the recent experimental studies. Then, we find that the sequence information stored in the hippocampus can be successfully transferred to the prefrontal cortex recurrent networks through spike-timing dependent plasticity (STDP) and sequence replays. Further, we investigate the mechanisms of memory retrieval in the PFC network. Our findings suggest that the stored memory traces in the prefrontal cortex network can be retrieved through two different mechanisms, namely the cell-specific input and non-specific spontaneous background noise. Finally, we show that more SWRs and an optimal background noise level will both contribute to better sequence reactivations in the PFC network during memory retrieval. Our study presents a possible explanation for the memory trace transfer from the hippocampus to the neocortex through ripple coupling in awake states and reports two different mechanisms by which the stored memory traces can be successfully retrieved.
A 1920 $\times$ 1080 25-Frames/s 2.4-TOPS/W Low-Power 6-D Vision Processor for Unified Optical Flow and Stereo Depth With Semi-Global Matching

This paper presents a unified 6-D vision processor that enables dense real-time 3-D depth and 3-D motion perception at full-high-definition ( $1920 \times 1080 $ , FHD) resolution. The proposed design implements a neighbor-guided semi-global matching (NG-SGM) algorithm to unify the stereo depth and optical flow matching problem and to reduce computation by 98% compared with the original SGM. We introduce a new custom-designed, high-bandwidth coalescing crossbar circuit that automatically coalesces redundant memory accesses to mitigate the highly irregular memory accesses observed in NG-SGM. The proposed 6-D vision processor also maximizes on-chip memory reuse by using 64 on-chip rotating image buffers that cover a wide optical flow and depth disparity search range of 176 pixels per dimension. The processor implements massive parallel processing with 576 compute units that are deeply pipelined with a dependency-resolving skewed-diagonal scan to hide the dynamic and variable dependency in the pipeline. The fabricated processor performs dense NG-SGM at 25 frames/s for optical flow or 30 frames/s for stereo depth at FHD resolution while consuming only 760 mW in 28-nm CMOS.
Optimizing EEG Visualization Through Remote Data Retrieval

A common practice in analyzing brain activity is capturing electroencephalograms (EEG), taken by place electrodes on the patient’s scalp which measure electrical activity via voltage differences. These multichannel voltage signals are commonly stored in the European Data Format (EDF). An EDF file of an unpruned EEG can become quite large -- 1MB of an EDF file translates to roughly 1 minute of an EEG recording session with a sampling rate of 250Hz. Additionally, full datasets from the TUH EEG Corpus [1] can reach sizes of over 800GB. Because of the size of the EEG recordings, there is a need for efficient visualization and analysis tools. In this work, we focus on enhancing the user experience by streamlining the process of retrieving EDF data from our server.
Functional relevance of dual olfactory bulb in olfactory coding

Abstract Bilateral convergence of external stimuli is a common feature of the vertebrate sensory system. This convergence of inputs from the bilateral receptive fields allows higher order sensory perception, such as depth perception in the vertebrate visual system and stimulus localization in the auditory system. The functional role of such bilateral convergence in the olfactory system is mostly unknown. To test whether each olfactory bulb contribute a separate piece of olfactory information, and whether the bilateral olfactory information is integrated and perceived as unified, we synchronized the activation of olfactory bulbs with blue light in mice expressing channelrhodopsin in olfactory sensory neurons and behaviorally assessed the relevance of dual olfactory bulb in olfactory perception. Our findings suggest that each olfactory bulb contributes separate components of olfactory information and mice integrate the olfactory information from each olfactory bulb to identify an olfactory stimulus.
Open Problem—Regarding Static Priority Scheduling for Many-Server Queues with Reneging

We study the many-server queue shown in Figure 1(a). Customers from class j ∈ {1, 2} arrive according to renewal processes having rate λj > 0 and request processing. There are N ∈ {1, 2,…} servers,...
Servicing the Public and the Marketplace for National Growth, 1970–1989

Following two decades of contested purpose and divisive relationship between institution types and their role in supporting the US identity and goals related to democracy and social advancement, in the late 1970s and 1980s the higher education service model emerged. This was realized in the community college as a call to focus on a vocational curriculum to provide workers training; for the university, the curriculum and faculty focused on creating knowledge as a commodity.
Mapping the hyperlocal body: queer interventions in the performances of Felipe Rivas San Martín

The performances of Chilean artist and scholar Felipe Rivas San Martin reveal the linguistic and political void that the word ‘queer’ embodies in Latin American contexts. Rivas San Martin focuses o...
Peroxisomal support of mitochondrial respiratory efficiency promotes ER stress survival.

Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) occurs when cellular demand for protein folding exceeds the capacity of the organelle. Adaptation and cell survival in response to ERS requires a critical contribution by mitochondria and peroxisomes. During ERS response, mitochondrial respiration increases to ameliorate reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation; we now show in yeast that peroxisome abundance also increases to promote an adaptive response. In pox1▵ cells, defective in peroxisomal s oxidation of fatty acids, respiratory response to ERS is impaired, and ROS accrues. However, respiratory response to ERS is rescued, and ROS production is mitigated in pox1▵ cells by overexpression of Mpc1, the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier that provides another source of acetyl CoA to fuel the TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. Using proteomics, select mitochondrial proteins were identified that undergo upregulation by ERS to remodel respiratory machinery. Several peroxisome-based proteins were also increased, corroborating the peroxisomal role in ERS adaptation. Finally, ERS stimulates assembly of respiratory complexes into higher order supercomplexes, underlying increased electron transfer efficiency. Our results highlight peroxisomal and mitochondrial support for ERS adaptation to favor cell survival.
Influence of patient medication information format on comprehension and application of medication information: A randomized, controlled experiment

Abstract Objective To examine patients’ comprehension and application of alternative versions of patient medication information handouts for a fictitious drug, and whether patient characteristics influence patients’ ability to understand the handouts. Methods A web-based experiment was conducted in which 1397 adults with rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, or plaque psoriasis were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: (1) a one-page “Bubbles” format; (2) a one-page “Over-The-Counter” (OTC) format; and (3) a four-page document modeled after MedGuides used in 2009 which served as the control arm. Comprehension and application of information in the handouts were the key outcomes of interest. Results Participants who viewed either the Bubbles or OTC formats had greater comprehension than participants who viewed the MedGuide, but did not have better application scores. No significant differences were noted between the Bubbles and OTC formats. Patient characteristics did not moderate the results. Conclusion Both formats resulted in better comprehension than the MedGuide format used in the study. Practice implications Results provide valuable information on how to design patient information to improve patients’ understanding of the risks and benefits of the drugs they are prescribed. Results could be extended to inform the content of other types of patient education materials.
Developing Warrior Lawyers: Why it's Time to Create a Joint Service Law of War Academy

This article critiques the current military legal education paradigm. It asserts that one lesson from the Iraq War is that there is no longer sufficient justification to disperse law of war education for military attorneys among the different service Judge Advocate General's (JAG) schools. Instead, the Department of Defense should consolidate the substantial expertise that exists throughout the military legal community into one center of excellence: a Joint Service Law of War Academy. This article asserts that such a center of excellence is essential to fully prepare military legal advisors for the demands of the modern battlefield.
It Takes a Village: The Role of the Individual, Organization, and Profession in Preparing New Professionals

Recruitment, socialization, and development of new professionals are critical to the ongoing success, continuous improvement, and advancement of community colleges. The varied experiences and preparation of student services professionals create a complexity of needs that provide challenges to effectively and efficiently help them transition and flourish in their colleges. This chapter includes examples of effective practice in educating, transitioning, and developing new student affairs professionals, and implications for individuals, colleges, and graduate preparation faculty.
Models of Saturn’s Rings which Satisfy the Optical Observations

A theoretical model of Saturn’s rings is investigated which includes the shadowing effect and realistic anisotropic phase functions for the ring particles. The effects of multiple scattering and the finite size of the Sun, including the penumbra, are rigorously included. The permissible range of the relevant parameters, including optical thickness, single scattering albedo, volume density, and phase function are investigated by comparing the theoretical results to observations of the ring brightness vs phase angle, wavelength, and elevation of the Sun and Earth. Anisotropic scattering by the ring particles is necessary in order to match the observations. The colour dependence of the opposition effect is interpreted in terms of the albedo spectrum of the ring particles.
How I Became a Clinical Sociologist

I have often said in partial jest that I was born a sociologist. Within a two-year span my mother’s aunt and surrogate mother died following an automobile accident, her father died by suicide, and my sister died of cancer. I was born the following year and learned as a small child that saying or doing the wrong thing (“wrong thing” was defined as upsetting anyone, particularly my mother) could get me in big trouble. Since saying or doing something wrong depended on the particular person and the particular situation, I learned quite early in life to be very observant of other people’s behaviors, both individual and in interaction. Without realizing it, I was “practicing” sociology in order to make life easier for myself. Despite this early experience, my first encounter with sociology as a discipline was uneventful. I was 19 years old at the time and college courses were what one did to pass the time between weekends. Evidently I took sociology because it’s on my transcript; I have no memory of what the course was about. In sharp contrast, my second encounter with sociology 11 years later was one I shall never forget.
Heading Perception and Moving Objects

The present study was directed at understanding the influence of moving objects on curvilinear heading perception. Displays simulated observer movement over a ground plane along a curved (i.e., circular and elliptical) path in the presence of moving objects, depicted as transparent, opaque or black cubes. Objects either moved parallel to or intersected the observer's path, and either retreated from or approached the moving observer. Heading judgments were accurate across all conditions. Discussion focused on the significance of these results for computational models of heading perception and the possible role of dynamic occlusion.
Thyroxine analogs—XIII

Abstract The postulate3 that o,o-disubstituted diphenyl ethers related to thyroxine may exist in a preferred skewed conformation was examined by NMR. Aromatic proton absorption at anomalously high fields (ca. δ = 6), ascribable to a proton positioned above an aromatic ring, is found when rotation is hindered by a sufficiently bulky substituent (R') at the third position flanking the ether linkage: The complete NMR spectra of some thyroxine analogs in the form of their N-acetyl ethyl esters have been analyzed, and previous work on the stereochemistry of diphenyl ethers is discussed in view of these results.
Forest Canopies, Animal Diversity

Animals live on and in substrate where they eat, mate, hide, and move. Tropical forest canopies are rich in species because they offer a three-dimensional array of substrates, physical and chemical, wet and dry, exposed or not, that directly receive the sun’s energy. However, until recently such substrates have been unstudied due to inaccessibility. Now, new techniques are used to access the tree crowns where most invertebrates are new species. This article examines the varying substrates and the dwellers on and in them, noting that biodiversity-rich tropical forests are in danger of disappearing long before they are inventoried and understood.
International Accounting: Consider a Different Model for Accounting for Treasury Stock

The U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) will no longer be the preferred or the permitted accounting standard as the SEC has announced in December 2007 plans to make transition from GAAP to International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). Thus, a new and fresh perspective of accounting should be considered at this juncture to create an international accounting method which will serve the purpose of reporting transactions in a transparent manner. One such area which is deserving of a new reflection is treasury stock which is being bought back by corporations at historically all time highs over the past several years. Presented here for consideration is a new line of earnings per share calculation for the income statement when the buybacks materially differ from the basic EPS calculation.
Average size of 2-Selmer groups of elliptic curves, I

In this paper, we study a class of elliptic curves over Q with Q-torsion group Z 2 × Z 2 , and prove that the average order of the 2-Selmer groups is bounded.
Phase-field modeling of gas bubbles and thermal conductivity evolution in nuclear fuels

A phase-field model was developed to simulate the accumulation and transport of fission products and the evolution of gas bubble microstructures in nuclear fuels. The model takes into account the generation of gas atoms and vacancies, and the elastic interaction between diffusive species and defects as well as the inhomogeneity of elasticity and diffusivity. The simulations show that gas bubble nucleation is much easier at grain boundaries than inside grains due to the trapping of gas atoms and the high mobility of vacancies and gas atoms in grain boundaries. Helium bubble formation at unstable vacancy clusters generated by irradiation depends on the mobilities of the vacancies and He, and the continuing supply of vacancies and He. The formation volume of the vacancy and He has a strong effect on the gas bubble nucleation at dislocations. The effective thermal conductivity strongly depends on the bubble volume fraction, but weakly on the morphology of the bubbles.