cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Strain-induced precipitate dissolution in an irradiated austenitic alloy

The distribution of radiation-induced precipitates in a proton-irradiated austenitic alloy following tensile testing in a simulated boiling water reactor environment was examined. Dissolution of Ni/Si-rich precipitates was observed for the first time using atom probe tomography. Dissolution of precipitates was likely due to accelerated kinetics as a result of repetitive cutting by a large number of glissile dislocations in slip planes.
On Palinurid and Scyllarid Lobster Larvae and Their Distribution in the South China Sea (Decapoda, Palinuridea)

In vorliegender Arbeit wurde eine Ausbeute von 2241 Phyllosoma-Larven untersucht, die wahrend der Naga-Expedition, zwischen November 1959 und Februar 1961, im Sudchinesischen Meer gesammelt worden war. Auf Grund morphologischer Kennzeichen, vornehmlich der alteren Larvenstadien, sind 7 Arten Palinuridae und 8 Arten Scyllaridae darin enthalten. Nicht alle Larven konnen auf ihre Artzugehorigkeit bestimmt werden. Etwa 95 Prozent der Larven sind Scyllaridae, die vorwiegend der Gattung Scyllarus angehoren. Beigefugte Abbildungen dienen zum Bestimmen der Larven, und Karten zeigen ihre Verbreitung, die sich hauptsachlich auf Kustennahe und Regionen von relativ flachem Wasser erstreckt. Die grosste Anzahl von Larven wurde wahrend des Sudwestmonsuns und wahrend der darauf folgenden Ubergangszeit gefunden.
Parenting Cognitions in Stepfamilies: Differences between Parents and Stepparents and Relations to Parenting Satisfaction:

This study examined the parenting cognitions of both spouses of married couples recruited from the Stepfamily Association of America. Spouses in 115 of these couples were fathers/stepmothers of a 5-15-year-old target child and 100 were mothers/stepfathers of such a target child. Participants completed measures of cognitions (perceptions, assumptions and standards) related to their control and warmth parenting behaviors, as well as parenting satisfaction. Biological parents, in contrast to stepparents, generally reported that they more frequently engage in parenting behaviors (perceptions), that typical parents engage more frequently in parenting behaviors than typical stepparents (assumptions), and that they should engage more frequently in parenting behaviors (standards). After controlling for demographic variables, parents' appraisals of their parenting performance, but not interparent cognitive discrepancies, accounted for significant portions of variability in their parenting satisfaction.
Environmental Hazards and Risk Assessment in Primary Care

Environmental health is often considered the oldest public health practice; yet, in many respects, particularly in relation to chemical exposure and impact, we know very little about the span of consequences. According to the World Health Organization, environmental hazards are responsible for 23% of the total burden of disease worldwide. Environmental and occupational diseases frequently manifest as common medical problems or have nonspecific symptoms; yet consideration of environmental factors rarely enters into the clinician’s history taking or diagnosis.
Evolution of children's television regulatory policy

Children's television regulation has remained a highly visible and controversial topic in communications policy over the last 25 years. However, few substantive policies in this area have been enacted. This essay analyzes the development of children's television regulation and discusses the various attempts at reform and the reasons behind their lack of success. An assessment of the future outlook for regulation indicates an increasing emphasis on legislative proposals is likely to emerge. Implications of this new approach are discussed.
Fundamentally New Effective Process of Casting of Hollow Cylindrical Billets of Cast Iron by the Method of Directional Solidification

Advantages of new method of manufacture of hollow billets of cast iron are presented. Thermal condition of crystallizer at iterative temperature influences on its internal surface, solidification of casting and structure formation of cast iron in the conditions of intensive unilateral heat sink are examined. Comparative data on properties and operational characteristics of the components obtained by various methods of casting are shown.
Mentoring protégés of color: Experiences of primary and informal mentors

Abstract This study examines mentoring from the perspective of academic mentors involved in relationships with proteges of color. Specifically, we look at factors that influence academic mentors' relationship satisfaction, commitment, and intentions to mentor proteges of color. Results suggest that interpersonal comfort, perceived similarity, and intrinsic motivation contribute positively to these mentor outcomes. As hypothesized, our data also suggests that interpersonal comfort, intrinsic motivation, and perceived similarity are more important for primary mentors than for informal mentors. The management education and career development implications of these findings are discussed.
Education and the image of man

Dr. Gruber's article is based on an address delivered before the Twelfth Thomas Alva Edison Institute in Detroit in November, 1962. He is now a visiting professor in the Department of Psychology at Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.
Novel Plutonium Titanate Compounds and Solid Solutions Pu2Ti2O7‐Ln2Ti2O7: Relevance to Nuclear Waste Disposal

The compounds SrPu2Ti4O12, Pu2Ti3O8.79, and Pu2Ti2O7, where plutonium is in the (III) oxidation state, were prepared and identified via X-ray diffraction (XRD). The solid solubility limit of Pu2Ti2O7 in Ln2Ti2O7 (Ln = Gd, Er, or Lu) was also studied via XRD; it was determined that the solubility of Pu2Ti2O7 increased as the radius of the lanthanide ion in the host compound decreased. Attempts to synthesize Sr2Pu2 Ti5O16 and Sr2Ce2–yPuyTi5O16 solid solutions, where plutonium is in the (IV) oxidation state, were unsuccessful.
Disease Messaging in Churches: Implications for Health in African-American Communities

Using the right messaging strategies, churches can help promote behavior change. Frequencies of disease-specific messages in 21 African-American churches were compared to overall and cancer-specific mortality and morbidity rates as well as church-level variables. Disease messages were found in 1025 of 2166 items. Frequently referenced topics included cancer (n = 316), mental health conditions (n = 253), heart disease (n = 246), and infectious diseases (n = 220). Messages for lung and colorectal cancers appeared at low frequency despite high mortality rates in African-American communities. Season, church size, and denomination showed significant associations with health messages. Next steps include testing messaging strategies aimed at improving the health of churchgoing communities.
85-kDa cPLA2 plays a critical role in PPAR-mediated gene transcription in human hepatoma cells

In an effort to understand the role of key eicosanoid-forming enzymes in the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), this study was designed to evaluate the possible contributions of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) and group IIA secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) in the regulation of PPAR-mediated gene transcription in a human hepatoma cell line (HepG2). The HepG2 cells express both PPAR-α and -γ but not PPAR-β. Overexpression of cPLA2, but not group IIA sPLA2 in the HepG2 cells, caused a significantly increased PPAR-α/γ-mediated reporter activity. Antisense inhibition of cPLA2 resulted in a significantly decreased PPAR-α/γ activity. The PPAR-α/γ-induced gene transcription in the HepG2 cells was inhibited by the cPLA2 inhibitors methyl arachidonyl fluorophosphonate and arachidonyltrifluoromethyl ketone, but not by the sPLA2 inhibitor LY311727. The expression of PPAR-α-mediated endogenous gene apolipoprotein A-II was increased in cells with overexpression of cPLA2, decreased in ...
Stimulus processing of glycine is dissociable from that of sucrose and glucose based on behaviorally measured taste signal detection in Sac 'taster' and 'non-taster' mice.

Mouse strains have been divided into ‘tasters’ and ‘non-tasters’ based on their relatively high and low preference, respectively, for low concentrations of sucrose and saccharin. These phenotypic differences appear to be due to a polymorphism in the gene at the Sac locus encoding for the T1R3 taste receptor selectively affecting the functionality of the T1R2+3 heterodimer. To psychophysically examine whether these phenotypes are due to sensory sensitivity as opposed to hedonic responsiveness, we measured taste signal detection of sucrose, glucose, and glycine by Sac taster (C57BL/6J and SWR/J) and non-taster (129P3/J and DBA/2J) strains in an operant conditioning paradigm using a gustometer. The taster mice had lower detection thresholds for sucrose and glucose compared with the non-taster mice. The detection thresholds corresponded well with reported responsiveness to low concentrations of these sugars in two-bottle intake tests suggesting that the Sac taster phenotype has a sensory basis and is not simply a matter of strain differences in the hedonic evaluation of weak intensities of the stimuli. Taster status did not entirely account for the strain differences in detection thresholds for glycine, a ‘sweet’ tasting amino acid. Collapsed across strains, detection thresholds for sucrose and glucose were highly correlated with each other (r = 0.81), but only modestly correlated with those for glycine (r ≤ 0.43). This suggests that stimulus processing of glycine in the perithreshold intensity domain can be dissociated from that of sucrose and glucose. The mechanism underlying this difference may be related to the ability of glycine to bind with the T1R1+3 heterodimer.
Enhanced multiplication of intracellular (amastigote) stages of Trypanosoma cruzi in vitro.

Amastigotes of different strains of Trypanosoma cruzi responded to stimulation with concanavalin A in an axenic medium by increased DNA synthesis and cell multiplication. These effects were inhibited by alpha-methyl mannoside. Other mitogens, i.e. phytohemagglutinin P, castor bean ricin Type II isolated from Ricinus communis, and a bacterial lipopolysaccharide, had no effect on amastigote growth. Amastigote stimulation by concanavalin A lends itself to studies on the biochemistry and cell cycle of this human pathogen.
Quotient-based control synthesis for partially observed non-deterministic plants with mu-calculus specifications

We study the control of a nondeterministic plant subject to a specification expressed in the prepositional mu- calculus under a partial observability of events. We define a function to quotient the specification against the plant resulting in a "quotiented formula" with the property that a supervisor enforcing the desired specification exists if and only if the quotiented formula is satisfiable, and a model witnessing the satisfiability can be used as a supervisor. The quotiented formula belongs to an extended mu-calculus, which we call O-mu -calculus, where the extension is needed to express the observability constraint that cannot be expressed in the logic of mu-calculus. We present the syntax and semantics of O-mu-calculus and present a tableau-based satisfiability solving algorithm that also discovers a model for the quotiented formula when one exists.
The Time Famine: Toward a Sociology of Work Time

This paper describes a qualitative study of how people use their time at work, why they use it this way, and whether their way of using time is optimal for them or their work groups. Results of a n...
The Promise of Play: A New Approach to Productive Play

Games are woven into webs of cultural meaning, social connection, politics, and economic change. This article builds on previous work in cultural, new media, and game studies to introduce a new approach to productive play, the promise of play. This approach analyzes games as sites of cultural production in times of increased transnational mediation and speaks to the formation of identity across places. The authors ground their explorations in findings from ethnographic research on gaming in urban China. The spread of Internet access and increasing popularity of digital entertainment in China has been used as an indicator of social change and economic progress shaped by global flows. It has also been described as being limited by local forces such as tight information control. As such, gaming technologies in China are ideal to ask broader questions about digital media as sites of production at the intersection of local contingencies and transnational developments.
"People Want to Protect Themselves a Little Bit": Emotions, Denial, and Social Movement Nonparticipation*

Emotions can be a source of information and an impetus for social action, but the desire to avoid unpleasant emotions and the need for emotion management can also prevent social movement participation. Ethnographic and interview data from a rural Norwegian community describes how people avoided thinking about climate change in part because doing so raised fears of ontological security, emotions of helplessness and guilt, and was a threat to individual and collective senses of identity. In contrast to existing studies that focus on the public’s lack of information or concern about global warming as the basis for the lack of public response, my work describes the way in which holding information at a distance was an active strategy performed by individuals as part of emotion management. Following Evitar Zerubavel, I describe this process of collective avoiding as the social organization of denial. Emotions played a key role in denial, providing much of the reason why people preferred to avoid information. Emotion management was also a central aspect of the process of denial, which in this community was carried out through the use of a cultural stock of social narratives that were invoked to achieve “perspectival selectivity” and “selective interpretation.”
THE ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF POLYDIACETYLENES: CYCLIC VERSUS LINEAR MODELS

Abstract The electronic structure of polydiacetylenes is investigated with SCF calculations as a function of backbone structure and chain length. The first dipole-allowed excitation (band gap) is red-shifted for the transformation from polydiacetylene (PDA) to polybutatriene (PBT) for cyclic chains The band gap for linear chains is blue-shifted for short chains, for linear chains containing 36 (or more) carbon atoms the band gap is red-shifted.
Thoracentesis in patients with hematologic malignancy: yield and safety.

Background Pleural effusions occur in patients with hematologic malignancies, particularly during periods of hospitalization. Thoracentesis is often performed to diagnose infection and to exclude the presence of complicated parapneumonic effusions. The efficacy and safety of thoracentesis in this setting has not been well-studied. Design Retrospective chart review of hospitalized patients with hematologic malignancies undergoing thoracentesis. The aim of this study was to assess the role of thoracentesis in establishing a diagnosis of infection in this population and to determine the risk of complications. Results A total of 100 thoracentesis findings were analyzed in patients with lymphoma (52 patients) and leukemia (27 patients), and in patients who had undergone bone marrow or stem cell transplantation (21 patients). The indication for performing thoracentesis was to exclude infection in 69% of cases. Fever was present in 59% of the patients, and a concomitant lung parenchymal abnormality was present in 69% of cases. Effusions were moderate to large in size (87% of cases), and were both bilateral (62%) and unilateral (38%). Exudates were documented in 83%of the cases. A specific diagnosis was found in 21 patients and was more frequently established in those with lymphoma (31%) compared to the other groups of patients. Diagnoses found included malignancy in 14 cases, chylous effusions in 6 cases, and infection in 1 case. The one patient in whom empyema was found required drainage. The criteria for a parapneumonic effusion were not found in any other patients. The complication rate of 9% (pneumothorax, seven patients; hemothorax, two patients) was comparable to that in other populations of patients. Conclusions Despite a high propensity for developing pulmonary infections, hospitalized patients with hematologic malignancies rarely developed complex parapneumonic effusions. The etiology of many of the effusions that occurred in this setting was unclear.
The quadratic programming approach to the finite element method

A finite element approximation technique is described in which the potential energy function is minimized subject to liner constraints. The constraints require satisfaction of all kinematic boundary conditions and interelement continuity conditions. An example, indicating the efficiency of the proposed method, is presented.
Integrin (α6β4) regulation of eIF-4E activity and VEGF translation: a survival mechanism for carcinoma cells

We define a novel mechanism by which integrins regulate growth factor expression and the survival of carcinoma cells. Specifically, we demonstrate that the α6β4 integrin enhances vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) translation in breast carcinoma cells. The mechanism involves the ability of this integrin to stimulate the phosphorylation and inactivation of 4E-binding protein (4E-BP1), a translational repressor that inhibits the function of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF-4E). The regulation of 4E-BP1 phosphorylation by α6β4 derives from the ability of this integrin to activate the PI-3K–Akt pathway and, consequently, the rapamycin-sensitive kinase mTOR that can phosphorylate 4E-BP1. Importantly, we show that this α6β4-dependent regulation of VEGF translation plays an important role in the survival of metastatic breast carcinoma cells by sustaining a VEGF autocrine signaling pathway that involves activation of PI-3K and Akt. These findings reveal that integrin-mediated activation of PI-3K–Akt is amplified by integrin-stimulated VEGF expression and they provide a mechanism that substantiates the reported role of α6β4 in carcinoma progression.
Genetic Evaluation of Calving Ease for Brown Swiss and Jersey Bulls from Purebred and Crossbred Calvings

The objective of this study was to examine the feasibility of implementing routine national calving ease (CE) genetic evaluations of Brown Swiss (BS) and Jersey (JE) sires that include records of crossbred calvings. Records were available for 11,793 BS calvings, 3431 BS-sired crosses, 65,293 JE calvings, and 7090 JE-sired crosses. Evaluations were performed for each breed using only purebred calvings and using both purebred and crossbred calvings. In the latter evaluations, the sire-maternal grandsire model used for the routine evaluation of Holstein (HO) CE was modified to include a fixed breed composition effect to account for differences between purebred and crossbred calvings. Jersey cows had very little calving difficulty (0.5 to 0.7%) and JE bulls had a very small range of evaluations, suggesting that a routine JE evaluation would be of little value. Results from the BS evaluations suggest a routine evaluation would provide BS breeders with a useful tool for genetic improvement. Further examination of data showed that many BS calvings were in mixed herds with HO calvings. As a result, a joint evaluation for BS and HO bulls was developed. The BS data showed that there is similar genetic variability as found in the HO population, which suggests implementation of a routine evaluation including BS CE would be of value. It appears BS bulls may produce daughters with superior maternal calving ability compared with HO. Validation of the joint evaluation was performed by comparing results with the routine HO evaluation. Holstein solutions from the joint evaluation were comparable to results from the routine HO-only evaluation. Correlations among solutions and evaluations showed HO evaluations were not adversely affected by BS data and BS sires were reranked as compared with the BS-only evaluation.
Notes on the instrumental variable method

The definitions of the instrumental variables method are investigated and the faulty and correct ones are identified. The consistent estimator of the covariance matrix of the estimates is derived and from it a concise proof for the optimal instrumental variables is obtained.
The Impact of the Iowa S-SCHIP Program on Access, Health Status, and the Family Environment

Objectives.—To determine the effect of the Iowa Separate State Child Health Insurance Program (S-SCHIP) on need for services, utilization and access to care, child health status, and the family environment. Methodology.—A longitudinal pretest-posttest panel survey was used to evaluate differences in children's access to health care, health status, and family environment at the beginning of the program and after 1 year. Written surveys with telephone follow-up calls were used to collect the data. Pre- and postquestionnaire results for 463 children were matched and compared using the McNemar test for correlated proportions and the Wilcoxon signed rank test. Approximately 71% of families responded to both surveys. Principal Findings.—Similar rates of perceived need for each of 6 service areas were found after being in the program for a year as before. Unmet need was significantly reduced among those needing services: medical care (27% before, 6% after), specialty care (40% before, 13% after), dental care (30% before, 10% after), vision care (46% before, 12% after), behavioral and emotional care (42% before, 18% after), and prescription medications (21% before, 13% after). Overall health status was rated significantly better (ie, excellent: 37% before, 42% after). Ninety-five percent of families reported a reduction in family stress, and there was significantly less worry about the ability to pay for their child's health care (92% before, 57% after). The activities of fewer children were limited because of potential health care costs. Conclusions.—The Iowa S-SCHIP program improved access to care and the family environment for children enrolled during the first year without a change in perceived need for services.
Stochastic model error in the LANS-alpha and NS-alpha deconvolution models of turbulence

This paper reports on a computational study of the model error in the LANS-alpha and NS-alpha deconvolution models of homogeneous isotropic turbulence. The focus is on how well the model error may be characterized by a stochastic force. Computations are also performed for a new turbulence model obtained as a rescaled limit of the deconvolution model. The technique used is to plug a solution obtained from direct numerical simulation of the incompressible Navier--Stokes equations into the competing turbulence models and to then compute the time evolution of the resulting residual. All computations have been done in two dimensions rather than three for convenience and efficiency. When the effective averaging length scale in any of the models is $\alpha_0=0.01$ the time evolution of the root-mean-squared residual error grows as $\sqrt t$. This growth rate is consistent with the hypothesis that the model error may be characterized by a stochastic force. When $\alpha_0=0.20$ the residual error grows linearly. Linear growth suggests that the model error possesses a systematic bias which dominates the stochastic terms. Finally, for $\alpha_0=0.04$ the LANS-alpha model possessed systematic bias; however, for this value of $\alpha_0$ the higher-order alpha models that were tested did not.
Hierarchical Matrices for Convection-Dominated Problems

Hierarchical matrices provide a technique to efficiently compute and store explicit approximations to the inverses of stiffness matrices computed in the discretization of partial differential equations. In a previous paper, Le Borne [2003], it was shown how standard ℌ-matrices must be modified in order to obtain good approximations in the case of a convection dominant equation with a constant convection direction. This paper deals with a generalization to arbitrary (non-constant) convection directions. We will show how these ℌ-matrix approximations to the inverse can be used as preconditioners in iterative methods.
Metapopulation viability of an endangered shorebird depends on dispersal and human-created habitats: piping plovers (Charadrius melodus) and prairie rivers

Many species are distributed as metapopulations in dynamic landscapes, where habitats change through space and time. Individuals locate habitat through dispersal, and the relationship between a species and landscape characteristics can have profound effects on population persistence. Despite the importance of connectivity in dynamic environments, few empirical studies have examined temporal variability in dispersal or its effect on metapopulation dynamics. In response to this knowledge gap, we studied the dispersal, demography, and viability of a metapopulation of an endangered, disturbance-dependent shorebird. We examined three subpopulations of piping plovers (Charadrius melodus) on the lower Platte and Missouri rivers from 2008–2013. High flow events from an upstream dam on the Missouri River in 2010 and 2011 allowed us to assess the effect of total habitat loss and the subsequent creation of new habitat associated with a large disturbance at one ‘natural’ study location. The other two sites within the metapopulation, which were maintained by anthropogenic activities (e.g., mining, development, habitat restoration), were largely unaffected by this disturbance, resulting in a controlled natural experiment. High flow events were associated with increased emigration, decreased immigration, and decreased survival in the subpopulation that experienced high flows. Following the high flow event, immigration into that subpopulation increased. Dispersal rates among subpopulations were negatively correlated with distance. The metapopulation had a low probability of extinction over 100 years (0 %) under the current disturbance interval and associated dispersal and survival rates. However, persistence depended on relatively stable, human-created habitats, not the dynamic, natural habitat (47.7 % extinction probability for this subpopulation). We found that functional connectivity, as measured by the rate of dispersal among subpopulations, increased as a result of the high flow event in our study metapopulation. Plovers also increased reproductive output following this event. Although the study metapopulation had a low overall probability of extinction, metapopulation persistence depended on anthropogenically created habitats that provided a small but stable source of nesting habitat and dispersers through time. However, all subpopulations remained small, even if persistent, making them individually vulnerable to extinction through stochastic events. Given the highly dynamic nature of habitat availability in this system, maintaining several subpopulations within the metapopulation and stable sources of habitat will be critical, and this species will likely remain conservation-reliant.
Enriching science, practice, and policy relevant to school psychology around the globe.

Abstract This editorial provides a brief synthesis of the past, present, and future of School Psychology Quarterly, highlighting important contributions as an international resource to enrich, invigorate, enhance, and advance science, practice, and policy relevant to school psychology around the globe. Information herein highlights (a) the value of high quality and timely reviews, (b) publishing manuscripts that address a breadth of important topics relevant to school psychology, and (c) the structure and contributions of the special topic sections featured in School Psychology Quarterly.
Effect of Dietary Hepatic Injury on Inactivation of Estrone

SummaryLiver damage produced in rats by diets low in protein and high in fat was consistently reflected in the living animal by impairment in ability to inactivate estrone. The curative effect of large doses of yeast could be demonstrated.Vitamin B-complex deficiency was usually accompanied by a similar but less constant hepatic impairment and without anatomical damage to the liver. There appeared to be a strain difference in susceptibility. A mixture of known vitamins was only partially effective in abolishing the effect of the diet, while yeast was distinctly and more consistently effective.
Myocardial electrophysiological effects of neuropeptide Y in dogs

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) exerts coronary vasomotor and inotropic effects on the canine heart. To test whether NPY also exerts regional myocardial electrophysiological effects, dose-response and time course changes resulting from intravenous and regional intracoronary infusions of NPY were obtained in 14 alpha-chloralose-anesthetized dogs. Under constant ventricular pacing, activation (A), recovery (R), and A-R interval (ARI) maps were constructed from multiplexed unipolar surface electrograms recorded simultaneously from 64 sites within a 1.6 x 1.6-cm left ventricular region. Effects were compared with those of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) infusions and supramaximal left ansae subclaviae sympathetic nerve stimulation (SNS). The main finding was a uniform shortening of ARI, which reached a maximum of 8.7 +/- 1.2 ms, or 7% of control (P 15 min) along with NPY plasma levels. The effect of similar VIP infusions and of SNS was 11%. Thus, compared with the previously identified maximal effect of adenylate cyclase activation (20%), exogenous NPY exerts a moderate but markedly sustained ventricular myocardial electrophysiological effect, which reaches maximum in relatively low plasma concentrations.
ß-endorphin: stimulation of DNA-dependent RNA formation

Many hormones have been shown to alter gene expression with resultant stimu­lation of protein and/or RNA synthesis in target cells and, in some instances, inhibition of protein synthesis (Hamilton, 1968; Tata, 1970). We report here that s-endorphin (Li and Chung, 1976a), a fragment of pituitary hormone s-lipotropin (0-LPH) (Li and Chung, 1976b) with an amino acid sequence corres­ponding to residues 61-91, directly stimulates brain chromatin-dependent UTP incorporation into RNA.
Learning jazz, teaching jazz

Not everyone has subscribed to the idea that all people can learn to play jazz. Since the time of the earliest accounts of the music, many writers and audiences have perceived jazz as a ‘natural expression’ of the performers rather than as a learned and practised behaviour. This perception has taken two predominant modes: that the ability to play jazz passes mysteriously from some invisible source through select ‘great’ individuals (i.e., geniuses), or that jazz springs forth from a subconscious and unmediated ‘voice of the people’, more specifically, an apparently unified African-American population. Prevalent as these notions have been, however, neither of them explains certain fundamental aspects of musical performance, and this chapter will focus on some of the ways in which jazz musicians have acquired and handed down to others the practical knowledge of their craft. It will investigate both the informal venues in which individuals learn how to play jazz and, in somewhat greater depth, some of the methods, values and influences of the relatively recent institutionalisation of jazz pedagogy, commonly referred to now as ‘jazz education’. But before turning to these issues, it may be helpful to review briefly the attitudes and beliefs behind the aforementioned ‘natural expression’ perceptions. ‘Some folks got it and some folks ain't’ Public notions of jazz as the product of either biology or genius are rooted in a number of historical and cultural domains. First, white audiences and critics around the turn of the twentieth century had come to understand music largely as a notated phenomenon, the craft of improvisation in European-based styles having gradually died out over the course of the previous decades. Consequently, these listeners marvelled at the ability of jazz musicians to vary, embellish and invent melodic lines, seemingly effortlessly and ‘out of thin air’ (see, for example, Ansermet 1919).
Progress in Tectonic and Petrogenetic Studies in an Exposed Cross-Section of Young (~100 Ma) Continental Crust, Southern Sierra Nevada, California

The southern Sierra Nevada offers an oblique section through young Cordilleran-type batholith generated crust spanning surface (volcanic) to deep (granulitic) levels. Regional mapping and Pb/U zircon geochronology reveal structural continuity through this crustal section for volcanic, plutonic and metamorphic assemblages developed at ~100 Ma, making it one of the youngest sections in the world. Construction of a synthetic cross-section is well-constrained by the oblique section map pattern, abundant age data, and a published crustal structure section that was based on geophysical and lower crustal xenolith data from across the shallow levels of the batholith. The synthetic cross-section depicts the state of the sialic crustal section during its ~100 Ma petrogenesis. Critical features of the section are as follows: (1) Much of the pre-Cretaceous crust was completely reconstituted by batholith generation; (2) Major influxes of mantle-derived tonalitic to gabbroic magmas drove crustal-level melting and magma mixing; (3) Pre-existing sialic components within the batholithic magmas were contributed primarily from partial to complete melts of craton derived metasedimentary material; (4) Silicic magmas emplaced at shallow crustal levels represent moderately to well-mixed and fractionated systems, while those frozen at deeper levels appear to be more heterogeneous both lithologically and geochemically; (5) Granulite facies metamorphic assemblages in the deep crustal rocks developed primarily in a retrograde regime descending from gabbro and tonalite solidus conditions; (6) Upward rise of silicic magmas was accompanied by downward return flow of metamorphic host rocks, and locally ignimbrite sections of only slightly older age than enclosing plutons were transported to considerable depth as well; (7) Much of the upper crust responded to the intrusion of silicic magmas by large-scale extension which also promoted major ignimbrite eruptions; and (8) Within the deeper levels of the composite batholith and off its flanks, at moderate to shallow crustal levels, low-angle detachments may have developed as a primary structural feature. Each of these points as well as a number of other interesting problems form the basis for a broad spectrum of current and future research efforts.
Interview with James Boyd White

as legislatures are required to do; the result is that in every case there is in the end an act of judgment, by the judge, or by the lawyers, or both, which itself cannot be perfectly expressed, so as to serve for example as a perfect and nonproblematic precedent for others. INTERDISCIPLINARITY IN LAW Let's return to your argument about language, but a bit differently. You have consistently argued that law as a culture of argument addresses questions of value and community. You speak in When Words Lose Their Meaning of a politics of persuasion to claim meaning, one that is present whenever there is a conflict between forms of discourse and/or concepts. I May 2007] Interview 1413
Writing for the public: CIA’s battle between secrecy and effectivenessCompany confessions: revealing CIA secrets, Christopher Moran, London, Biteback Publishing, 2015, 368 pp., £20

This review first appeared at War on the Rocks (warontherocks.com) on 22 January 2016. It is reprinted here by kind permission.In his masterwork, On War, Carl von Clausewitz discussed the inner log...
The Big Five Personality Traits and Intimate Partner Violence: Findings From a Large, Nationally Representative Sample

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a major public health concern. Thus, it is vital to identify factors, such as individuals' personality traits, that may place men and women at risk for experiencing IPV. This study used data from Wave 4 of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (N = 7,187), to examine the association between the Big Five personality traits and IPV perpetration and victimization among men and women. High openness, extraversion, and neuroticism emerged as the three most important risk factors associated with IPV. Although risk factors were found to be relatively similar for IPV perpetration and IPV victimization, some gender differences emerged, showing that extraversion was only connected to IPV for women but not for men. The present findings may bear important considerations for researchers and practitioners working with individuals and couples affected by IPV.
How Cloud Computing Is Addressed for Software Development in Computer Science Education

Cloud computing is bringing a paradigm shift in the field of software development. It has changed how software is developed and accessed. The numerous Software as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) products in the cloud have provided software developers with not only “unlimited” computing resources, but also a great variety of development tools which may increase their productivity. Compared with the popularity in the industry, the coverage of cloud computing in higher education appears to have fallen behind. While a number of documented courses have been developed to introduce cloud computing to students, their coverage appears to be insufficient, compared with the wide-spread impact of cloud computing in the industry. This is understandable, especially considering cloud computing has matured for only about ten years. This paper surveys a number of documented courses on cloud computing in a computer science or related curriculum. It also presents a list of key topics which should be addressed in a comprehensive cloud computing course, based on related literature, and discusses the coverage of these topics in the surveyed courses.
Weapons of Math Destruction: How Big Data Increases Inequality and Threatens Democracy

Weapons of Math Destruction presents a careful and sustained criticism of big data's dark side, the remarkable ability if its algorithms to “calculat[e] our potential as students, workers, lovers, ...
Correlates of Never Testing for HIV Among Sexually Active Internet-Recruited Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men in the United States.

Abstract In the United States, gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) are disproportionately affected by the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Despite great strides in HIV prevention, including biobehavioral HIV prevention strategies such as pre-exposure prophylaxis and treatment as prevention, there has been relatively low uptake of these strategies. The success of biobehavioral prevention strategies requires HIV testing but a subset of GBMSM have never been tested. To optimize prevention efforts, we sought to understand the characteristics of GBMSM who report never testing for HIV. A sample of GBMSM was recruited online in 2012 to complete a cross-sectional survey of sexual behavior and sexual health. Bivariate and multivariable analyses were used to identify characteristics of “never testing for HIV.” Of the 1170 participants, 151 (13%) reported never testing for HIV. In multivariable analyses, younger age, less education, endorsing a non-gay sexual identity, living in rural areas, not having a pr...
Industrial Organization and the Organization of Industries: Linking Industry Structure to Economic Performance

This paper examines how and why the field of industrial organization generated so much interest and excitement during the era corresponding to publication of the three editions of Scherer’s seminal work, Industrial Structure and Economic Performance. The paper concludes that it was the ability to address the compelling issues of its era confronting public policy that made the academic field of industrial organization not just interesting but also highly relevant and timely. In particular, by analyzing how and why the organization of industries matters for economic performance, along with the various policy approaches available to public policy, under the stewardship of F.M. Scherer, the scholarly field of industrial organization prospered and flourished.
PREVALENCE AND OUTCOME OF ACUTE HEART FAILURE WITH REDUCED EJECTION FRACTION FOLLOWING LIVER TRANSPLANTATION

Evidence of acute heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (AHFrEF) following liver transplantation (LT) has not been well studied. We evaluated the prevalence of AHFrEF in this population and assessed outcomes. 1458 patients who underwent LT between 2005 and 2015 were evaluated for AHFrEF
Damage Control Resuscitation in Surgical Critical Care

Damage control surgery was born out of the need to adapt surgical procedures to fit the physiological state of the patient. Although today leaving an open abdomen and performing a trauma procedure in stages are widely practiced, this was not the case decades ago [1]. Other procedures beyond laparotomy have also been employed, prioritizing trauma patient survival by using a damage control philosophy [2].
Septic arthritis of the acromioclavicular joint: a case series and review of the literature:

ObjectiveTo report a case series of three patients with septic arthritis of the acromioclavicular joint and a review of the literature for this condition. Additionally, we developed an algorithm fo...
In Memoriam Alcira Trincheri

Palabras en su memoria, y la dedicacion de este numero en nombre de quienes conformamos el departamento de Historia de la Facultad de Humanidades de la Universidad Nacional del Comahue.
A Centralized Framework for System-Level Control and Management of Additive Manufacturing Fleets

In most industrial additive manufacturing (AM) applications a set of AM machines (AM-Fleet) are used in parallel. An AM-Fleet often consists of machines from various vendors and may include different AM processes. AM processes often suffer from poor repeatability within a single build, between builds on the same machine, and from machine to machine. AM's lack of robustness is often attributed to insufficient in-process monitoring and feedback control, as well as unknown modeling dynamics, and a lack of process standards. To effectively monitor and control AM-Fleets, system-level approaches must be devised. In this work, a centralized approach is proposed for the system-level control and management of AM-Fleets. Integrating such an approach has advantages in terms of system-level intelligent decision making for AM-Fleets. Key problems that needs to be solved and the challenges for a centralized approach are discussed in this work. The architecture of the proposed framework is presented with discussions on the individual components. A discrete event model for the system-level monitoring and control of AM machines is also proposed to support the presented framework. The use of discrete event models creates an abstract representation of the AM machine that enables the supervision of the physical system. An illustrative example that demonstrates a system-level run-to-run anomaly detection case is discussed. The proposed framework will provide an analytical foundation for systematic anomaly detection, scheduling, and decision making in AM-Fleets.
Effect of Chlortetracycline on the Spread of R-100 Plasmid-Containing Escherichia Coli Bel 15R from Experimentally Infected Pigs to Uninfected Pigs and Chicks

Swine from two herds with different histories of antibiotic exposure were fed diets containing 0 or 55 mg of chlortetracycline (CTC)/kg. One of five pigs in each herd-diet treatment group was infected orally with Escherichia coli strain BEL15R that was resistant to nalidixic acid (NA), chloramphenicol (C), streptomycin (S), sulfamethizole (TH) and tetracycline (TE). Effects of CTC on the quantity and duration of fecal shedding of E. coli BEL15R and on the transmission of strain BEL15R and its R-100 plasmid from infected pigs to uninfected pigs and chicks were determined. Quantity and duration of shedding were greater in infected antibiotic-herd pigs than in infected nonantibiotic-herd pigs. Feeding on CTC increased the duration of shedding in infected pigs from both herds. Strain BEL15R colonized and was shed in one uninfected antibiotic pig in each treatment group, but it did not colonize in any of the uninfected nonantibiotic-herd pigs or in the uninfected chicks. In vivo transfer of resistance to C, S, TH and TE occurred in the infected antibiotic-herd pigs but not in the infected nonantibiotic-herd pigs. Transfer of the R-100 plasmid occurred from the infected to the uninfected antibiotic-herd pigs and to the uninfected chicks housed near the antibiotic-herd pigs fed CTC, but not to the chicks housed with the antibiotic-herd pigs fed the control diet. No transfer of resistance occurred from the infected nonantibiotic-herd pigs fed either CTC or control diet.
Constructing Eroticized Latinidad: Negotiating Profitability in the Stripping Industry:

Through the analysis of an 18-month ethnography at an exotic dance club located in the Northeastern United States (referred to as Playpen), I uncover how Latina exotic dancers manage their particip...
Electrochemical investigations of metal nanostructure growth with single crystals

Control over the nanoscopic structure of a material allows one to tune its properties for a wide variety of applications. Colloidal synthesis has become a convenient way to produce anisotropic metal nanostructures with a desired set of properties, but in most syntheses, the facet-selective surface chemistry causing anisotropic growth is not well-understood. This review highlights the recent use of electrochemical methods and single-crystal electrodes to investigate the roles of organic and inorganic additives in modulating the rate of atomic addition to different crystal facets. Differential capacitance and chronocoulometric techniques can be used to extract thermodynamic data on how additives selectively adsorb, while mixed potential theory can be used to observe the effect of additives on the rate of atomic addition to a specific facet. Results to date indicate that these experimental methods can provide new insights into the role capping agents and halides play in controlling anisotropic growth.
Impact of a multidisciplinary multimodal opioid minimization initiative in kidney transplant recipients.

Opioid use after kidney transplant has been shown to be a risk factor for chronic opioid use, which leads to an increased risk of mortality. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the early impact of a multimodal pain regimen and education quality improvement program on opioid use after kidney transplant 2 months after implementation. This was a retrospective, single-center analysis of post-operative opioid use, comparing the average daily Morphine milligram equivalents (MME) of the patients who received education on opioids and a multimodal pain regimen (preoperative TAP/QL block, scheduled APAP and gabapentin) compared to a historical control group. Despite having no differences in pre-transplant opioid exposure, daily and overall inpatient opioid utilization was significantly reduced in the multimodal pain protocol cohort (38.6 vs 8.0 MME/day; P < .001); 5% of patients in the multimodal pain protocol cohort were discharged with an opioid prescription, compared to 96% of controls (P < .001). Our early results demonstrate that a multimodal pain protocol can effectively and dramatically reduce short-term opioid utilization in kidney transplant recipients.
Direct Envelope Modeling of Load-Resonant Inverter for Wireless Power Transfer Applications

This paper presents the application of direct envelope modeling technique to primary side LCC tuned resonant wireless power transfer system. The method adapted here decomposes the HF resonant inverter output to a fundamental component and two dominant sidebands. The small-signal dutycycle-to-primary-coil-current-envelope transfer function of a primary side LCC tuned WPT system is then derived as the summation of the responses to the fundamental and the sideband components. The theoretical and simulation results are in good agreement indicating the validity of the approach to be applied to WPT systems.