cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Existence results for third order nonlinear boundary value problems arising in nano boundary layer fluid flows over stretching surfaces

Abstract Solutions for a class of degenerate, nonlinear, nonlocal boundary value problems, arising in nano boundary layer fluid flows over a stretching surface, are obtained. Viscous flows over a two-dimensional stretching surface and an axisymmetric stretching surface are considered. Using the Schauder fixed point theorem, existence and uniqueness results are established. The effects of the slip parameter k and the suction parameter a on the fluid velocity and on the tangential stress are investigated and discussed (through numerical results). We find that for fluid flows at nanoscales, the shear stress at the wall decreases (in an absolute sense) with an increase in the slip parameter k .
Chunk Limits and Length Limits in Immediate Recall: A Reconciliation.

Whereas some research on immediate recall of verbal lists has suggested that it is limited by the number of chunks that can be recalled (e.g., N. Cowan, Z. Chen, & J. N. Rouder, 2004; E. Tulving & J. E. Patkau, 1962), other research has suggested that it is limited by the length of the material to be recalled (e.g., A. D. Baddeley, N. Thomson, & M. Buchanan, 1975). The authors investigated this question by teaching new paired associations between words to create 2-word chunks. The results suggest that both chunk capacity limits and length limits come into play. For the free recall of 12-word lists, 6 pre-learned pairs could be recalled about as well as 6 pre-exposed singletons, suggesting a chunk limit. However, for the serially ordered recall of 8-word lists, 4 pre-learned pairs could be recalled about as well as 8 pre-exposed singletons, suggesting a length limit. Other conditions yielded intermediate results suggesting that sometimes both limits may operate together.
Neurotransmitter sampling and storage for capillary electrophoresis analysis.

Quantitative analysis of signaling molecules from single cells and cellular materials requires careful validation of the analytical methods. Strategies have been investigated that enable single neurons and neuronal tissues to be stored before being assayed for many low-weight, biologically active molecules, such as serotonin, dopamine, and citrulline. Both metacerebral cell and pedal ganglia homogenates isolated from Pleurobranchaea californica have been studied by capillary electrophoresis with two complimentary laser-induced fluorescence detection methods. For homogenized ganglia samples, several cellular analytes (such as arginine and citrulline) are unaffected by standing at room temperature for days. Many other analytes in the biological matrix, including the catecholamines and indolamines, degrade by 20% within 10 h at room temperature. Rapidly freezing samples or preserving them with ascorbic acid preserves more than 80% of the dopamine and about 70% of the serotonin even after five days. In addition, serotonin and dopamine remain completely stable for at least five days by combining the ascorbic acid preservation and freezing at –20 °C. The timing of preservation is critical in maintaining the original composition of the biological samples. Using our optimum storage protocol of freezing the sample within 2 h after isolation, we can store frozen homogenate ganglia samples for more than four weeks before assay while still obtaining losses less than 10% of the original serotonin and dopamine. The nanoliter-volume single cell samples, however, must be analyzed within 4 h to obtain losses of less than 10% for serotonin related metabolites.
Psychiatrists' attitudes toward prescribing medication for patients treated by nonmedical psychotherapists.

Although many psychiatrists prescribe medications for patients whose primary therapist is a nonmedical professional, few guidelines exist for this practice. Twothirds of a sample of Connecticut psychiatrists surveyed by mail provided medication backup services, but only one-third considered the practice generally ethical. Seventyfive percent of respondents who provided this service reported that the arrangement was initiated by the nonmedical therapist. Many of the respondents were concerned about the prescribing psychiatrist's legal responsibility for the therapist's activities, but responses suggested that few psychiatrists use a consistent method to evaluate the therapist's qualifications. The authors propose areas that need further study before professional guidelines can be developed.
SU-E-T-159: Sensitivity of in Line Real Time Scintillating Fiber Detectors for External Beam Treatment Verification and Patient Safety.

Purpose: We studied the sensitivity of a novel transmission fiber scintillator array designed and built for in line treatment verification. The purpose of this project is to assess the capability of the fiber detector array technology to detecttreatment errors in real time without false positives to enhance patient safety.Methods: We developed a linear scintillator array detector using radiation hard scintillating fibers and high speed parallel signal conditioning and data acquisition to monitor external beam treatment fluence in real time. The detector captures and resolves the time and amplitude of each linac pulse at each MLC segment. The detector has 60 fibers aligned to each MLC leaf and two output channels per fiber. The data is captured by a high speed parallel digitizer to determine the IMRT beam output delivered to a patient in real time. We evaluated the detector peak pulse linearity according to dose rate, MLC positioning, and beam energy. We analyzed the detector sensitivity, signal to noise ratio, and pulse distribution statistics to determine beam output and fluence in real time. Results: We analyzed the response of the detector to 6 MV and 10 MV photon beams. The statistical analysis of the detectedlinac pulses indicates that a minimum of 20 pulses are required to evaluate MLC positioning and fluence with 3 mm and 3% resolution, respectively. During testing, no false positives were detected. Linearity with respect to output rate, MLC or jaw opening, and fluence is within 2%. Conclusions: Measured sensitivity and signal to noise ratio of a real time linear fiber array detector show that delivered beam fluence can be monitored every 55 msec, with no observed false positives during treatment to provide in vivo real time patient safety and beam monitoring.
The influence of prior experiences on pedagogical constructs of traditional and nontraditional preservice teachers

Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of prior experiences on preservice teachers' personal constructs of teaching, and to consider how these experiences influence pedagogical development. Participants in the study were 25 nontraditional and 17 traditional preservice teachers. Data were collected using autobiographical interviews, stimulated recall interviews of peer lessons, and concept map think-aloud interviews from concept maps of teaching. Data analysis revealed four categories and 13 subcategories of prior experiences for the preservice teachers. Implications for preparing traditional and nontraditional preservice teachers are drawn.
Response to Long‐term Nutrient Deprivation and Recovery in the Crayfishes Procambarus clarkii and Procambarus zonangulus (Crustacea, Decapoda): Component and Proximate Analyses

To assess the impact of long-term starvation on nutrient stores, Procambarus clarkii (Girard) and Procambarus zonangulus (Hobbs) were starved for 5 mo with 1-mo feeding recovery. This starvation period reflects the period of time a nonfeeding crayfish might reside in a burrow during summer. P. clarkii mobilized more dry matter and energy from tissue stores than P. zonangulus. Female P. clarkii mobilized more dry matter and energy than males of either species. At the end of 5 mo of starvation P. zonangulus survival was greater than P. clarkii. Initially, lipid, carbohydrate, and protein were mobilized from all tissues in both species. However, lipid and carbohydrate mobilization decreased in the abdominal muscle and carcass after the first month. After 1-mo recovery (feeding) following starvation there was greater than 50% recovery in the mass and proximate composition of all tissues in both species. In the southeastern USA where their ranges overlap, the nutrient-rich waters and stable environmental conditions favor the survival of P. clarkii. Based on these data, we hypothesize that P. zonangulus may have an advantage over P. clarkii when environmental conditions delay emergence from the burrows in the early fall.
The JAK2 V617F activating tyrosine kinase mutation is an infrequent event in both "atypical" myeloproliferative disorders and myelodysplastic syndromes.

A somatic mutation in the JH2 autoinhibitory domain of the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) tyrosine kinase was recently described in polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, and myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. The prevalence of this mutation in either “atypical” myeloproliferative disorders (MPDs) or the myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) is unknown. Bone marrow–derived genomic DNA from 245 patients—119 with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), 101 with MDS, 11 with hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES), 8 with systemic mastocytosis (SM), and 6 with chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL)—was screened for the JAK2 V617F mutation. A mutant allele was detected in 11 patients: 3 with CMML (3%), 5 with MDS (5%), 2 with SM, and 1 with CNL. Interestingly, one of the patients with SM and the patient with CNL with JAK2 V617F had a history of lymphoma, and this patient with SM also had associated myelofibrosis and CMML. The current observation strengthens the specific association between JAK2 V617F and classic MPD, but also suggests an infrequent occurrence in other myeloid disorders.
Landscape Features and Spatial Distribution of Adult Northern Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in the South Dakota Areawide Management Site

The northern corn rootworm, Diabrotica barberi Smith & Lawrence (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), creates economic and environmental concerns in the Corn Belt. To supplement the population control tactics of the Areawide Pest Management Program in Brookings, SD, geographic information systems were used from 1997 to 2001 to examine the spatial relationships between D. barberi population dynamics and habitat structure, soil texture, and elevation. Using the inverse distance weighted interpolation technique, D. barberi population density maps were created from georeferenced emergence and postemergence traps placed in maize, Zea mays L., fields. For each year, these maps were overlaid with vegetation, soil, and elevation maps to search for quantitative relationships between pest numbers and landscape structure. Through visual interpretation and correlation analysis, shifts in landscape structure, such as size, number, and arrangement of patches were shown to associate with D. barberi population abundance and distribution in varying degrees. D. barberi were found in greater proportions than expected on loam and silty clay loam soils and on elevations between 500 and 509 m. An understanding of the interactions between D. barberi population dynamics and landscape variables provides information to pest managers, which can be used to identify patterns in the landscape that promote high insect population density patches to improve pest management strategies.
The perception problem and the impact on robotics and computer vision

Why is there a perception problem in robotics? Given the increases in the speed of computer hardware and technology which has followed Moore's Law, why haven't there been commensurate advances in computer perception technology, which would enable a robot to respond appropriately to its environment? Perhaps the algorithms used for perception are not appropriate for the problem? The computer vision problem was assumed to be easy, and the supposedly more difficult challenges of problem solving and decision making were tackled first. As it turned out, problem solving and decision making were handled relatively easily by symbolic representations and predicate logic, however, the perception of the real world turned out to be much more difficult. What are the algorithms that have been used for perception in robotics and why do they sometimes fail at reproducing human-like behavior? How can we learn from biological systems which, through evolution, have made great advances in solving the difficult problems of perception and classification?
Serotonin Syndrome Induced by Tramadol Intoxication in an 8-Month-Old Infant

Severe cases of pediatric tramadol intoxication are rarely reported. We report on serotonin syndrome after tramadol intoxication. An 8-month-old girl developed extreme agitation after accidentally ingesting a tablet of her father's medication (Monocrixo LP (Therabel Lucien Pharma, Levallois Perret, France), 200 mg tramadol). Unable to sleep, she was admitted the next morning to our Pediatric Emergency Department after an episode of epistaxis. Vital signs were significant for sinus tachycardia and a neurologic examination revealed intermediately reactive pupils, agitation alternating with drowsiness with a Glasgow Coma Scale of 10, and increased lower-limb reflexes. Within 24 hours, she developed hyperthermia and high blood pressure. She did not experience seizures. Neurologic and cardiovascular effects resolved on day 2. Tramadol serum plasma levels confirmed the intoxication (680 μg/L). She was discharged on day 5 with no sequelae. Serotonin syndrome was described in adults when tramadol was associated with selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors in contexts of therapy or intoxication. Our patient developed moderate serotonin syndrome. The clinical presentation was unusual compared with previous pediatric cases of tramadol intoxication, in which opioid effects and seizures were usually predominant. This case illustrates that serotonin syndrome can occur in children intoxicated with tramadol.
Hemocytes of saturniid silkworms: Their behavior in vivo and in vitro in response to diapause, development, and injury

The blood of the wild silkworms Antheraea polyphemus, Samia cynthia, and Hyalophora cecropia (Lepidoptera; Saturniidae) contains two predominant classes of hemocytes, plasmatocytes and granulocytes, which are markedly different in their behavior. In diapausing pupae or developing adults, both types occur in nearly equal numbers. Following surgical injury there is a dramatic increase in the population of plasmatocytes. The behavior of the cells in vitro is not related to their origin but depends on the conditions of culture. In hanging drops the plasmatocytes clump together. On glass or plastic surfaces they become flattened and, like vertebrate fibroblasts, migrate apart to cover the surface with a sheet of cells. Identical cellular membranes from in vivo at wound sites. When dissociated fat-body cells or tiny beads of resin are cultured in blood, the plasmatocytes adhere to them and draw them into large, heterogeneous aggregates. The granulocytes are completely passive in vitro under all conditions.
Transurethral fiber optics for in-vivo optical property determination: human and animal trials

A new optical probe which enables rapid and noninvasive measurement of the in vivo optical properties of tissues over a broad range of wavelengths is presented. The device was initially tested and calibrated in tissue-simulating phantoms whose optical properties were known to be similar to those of biological media. The technique was then applied in vivo to measure the optical properties of canine and human prostates.
Antigenicity of Avidin

AVIDIN has been shown to bind the vitamin biotin, but the mechanism of binding is still unknown. Modification of the avidin molecule by acetylation, esterifieation or by blocking the amide, guanidyl, imidazole and phenolic groups did not result in a loss of its ability to bind biotin1.
Induced RAW 264.7 macrophages express soluble and particulate nitric oxide synthase: inhibition by transforming growth factor-ß

Abstract RAW 264.7 macrophages induced with lipopolysaccharide and interferon-γ expressed nitric oxide (NO) synthase. Approximately two-thirds of the total induced NO synthase activity was found in the cytosolic fraction, whereas one-third was associated with the particulate fraction. Both enzymes formed L-citrulline in addition to NO-like material. NO and L-citrulline formation by both enzymes were calcium-independent and inhibited by N G -nitro-L-arginine and N G -methyl-L-arginine. Transforming growth factor-s1 prevented the induction of both enzymes.
Investigation of the validity of modeling the Achilles tendon as having a single insertion site.

Objective. To assess the propriety of modeling the Achilles tendon insertion on the calcaneus as a single point when musculoskeletal models are used to predict subtalar joint moment arms. Design. The sensitivity of model-predicted subtalar joint moment arms to insertion site position was investigated and measurements of Achilles tendon function were made in cadaver specimens. Background. The insertion site of the Achilles tendon is typically modeled as having a single-point insertion. A more sophisticated representation may be required, however, when subtalar joint function is considered. Methods. Achilles tendon moment arms about the subtalar joint axis were assessed using a computer model in which a single-point insertion was systematically displaced. The effective insertion site was located at three positions in three cadaver specimens using a six-degree-of-freedom load cell. Results. Model-predicted moment arms of the Achilles tendon about the subtalar joint axis were substantially affected by medial–lateral displacement of the insertion site. The medial–lateral location of the effective insertion site varied linearly with subtalar joint angle in cadaver specimens, shifting medially when the foot was everted and laterally when the foot was inverted. Conclusions. More sophisticated representations of the Achilles tendon are needed when the subtalar joint is of interest. A single-segment tendon with an insertion that is fixed throughout subtalar joint motion may not permit accurate predictions of moment arms about the subtalar joint. Relevance Accurate prediction of the large moments produced by the triceps surae when simulating movement or investigating the effects of orthopaedic surgeries requires a realistic representation of the Achilles tendon insertion.
Effect of Gin Machinery and Moisture on Fine Dust in Cotton

The influence of specific items of gin machinery and moisture on the fine dust content of ginned lint, nonlint content, and composite grade was investigated using eight cottons, six machines, and four levels of moisture content. Data from this study indicated that initial cotton conditions, gin machinery, and fiber moisture content each had a significant effect on the amount of fine dust remaining in the ginned lint, nonlint content, composite grade, trash grade, grayness, and yellowness. Generally, this investigation showed that fine dust in ginned lint decreased as composite grade and the level of lint cleaning increased and the fine dust decreased as the moisture content during processing decreased. Also, the fine dust content for a specific bale of cotton cannot be satisfactorily estimated from measurements currently made on lint such as composite grade, nonlint content, and high volume instrument mea surements.
Organic Phosphorus Content of the Alpha Chains of Chicken Bone Collagen

EARLIER we suggested a role for matrix-bound organic phosphorus in the initiation of mineralization. The evidence supporting our hypothesis was provided by observations on the interaction of collagen and inorganic orthophosphate in vitro1,2 and the finding of small amounts of protein-bound organic phosphorus in purified collagens and gelatines and the single stranded α chains from a number of different soft tissues from different animals3. The content of organic phosphorus was found to be considerably higher in the organic matrix proteins of embryonic and adult dental enamel, in which serine phosphate bound to protein was identified4. Enzymes which catalysed a phosphoryl transfer from adenosine triphosphate5 to enamel proteins, in addition to collagens and gelatines6, were also characterized.
The chronically reserpinized rat as a possible model for cystic fibrosis. VI. Synergistic effects of isoproterenol on Ca++ and protein in the submaxillary gland.

Summary: Elevated calcium and protein concentrations arc a consistent abnormality in submaxillary saliva from patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and from experimental animal models developed by the chronic administration of either isoproterenol (IPR) or reserpine. The possibility that the elTects of the two drugs may be additive was investigated by assessing their combined effects on glandular and salivary Ca++ and protein in the rat submaxillary gland. Individually, their effects were also assessed in relation to the dose used. Results indicate that: (1) treatment for 7 days with 0.05, 0.50, and 5.0 mg/kg daily doses of reserpine caused, respectively, a 45%, 95%, and 120% increase in glandular Ca++ and a 9.3%, 16.5%, and 37.4% increase in glandular protein; (2) treatment for 7 days with a 5.0 ing/kg daily dose of isoproterenol caused a 138% increase in gland Ca++ and a 12.38% increase in gland protein. Treatment with a 5.0 mg/rat daily dose of this drug caused increases of 166% and 10.3% in gland Ca++ and protein; (3) in experiments involving a combination of the two drugs, isoproterenol was administered in a 5.0 mg/kg daily dose from days 1–7 and reserpine in a 0.5 mg/kg daily dose from days 4–10 of the treatment schedule. This procedure resulted in (a) a 217% increase in gland Ca++ and a 25.7% increase in gland protein; (b) a marked accumulation of a granular, basophilic material in acinar cells and the development of intraductal precipitates; (c) the secretion of turbid saliva with high Ca++ and protein concentrations after a secretory dose of isoproterenol (this type of stimulation also reduced the gland Ca++ (50%) and protein (20%) contents and produced vacuolization in the acinar cells); (d) the secretion of saliva with elevated Ca++ and protein in response to pilocarpine (these elevated concentrations were, however, one-fifth of those obtained after isoproterenol stimulation); (c) the secretion of smaller volumes of saliva after both types of stimulation. These findings indicate that both IPR and reserpine have a dose-related and significant effect on submaxillary gland Ca++ and protein and that their individual effects are synergistic. The implications of this synergism for the physiologic state of the submaxillary gland and for the secretory abnormality of cystic fibrosis are discussed.
Heterogeneity and phase transformation in materials: Energy minimization, iterative methods and geometric nonlinearity

Abstract We consider the relationship between methods used to solve problems involving heterogeneities with a focus on phase transformations. We compare methods that solve for mechanical equilibrium based on iterative spectral techniques with those evolving a free energy using inertial and relaxational dynamics in terms of microstructure, convergence and efficiency for the two-dimensional versions of the cubic-to-tetragonal and hexagonal-to-orthorhombic transformations. We generalize the strain-based approach using kinematic compatibility, in conjunction with a Landau-based nonconvex energy functional, to the geometrically nonlinear case for computation using the iterative spectral as well energy-minimizing methods. Our approach uses the strain compatibility equations for geometrically nonlinear elasticity in two dimensions, the geometrically linear strain compatibility equations being recovered in the small strain limit. We show how for the two-dimensional version of the hexagonal-to-orthorhombic transformation with three variant distortions in the microstructure, the linear compatibility equations capture relatively large rotations with small to moderate stains. We propose a reconstruction that uses the mapping between displacement gradients and Lagrange strains to approximate the geometrically nonlinear result within the scope of the linear strain theory if the linear strains are substituted for the Lagrange strains. We illustrate this by evaluating the disclination angle associated with the unique microstructure for this transformation, which otherwise requires geometric nonlinear theory to correctly capture.
The outcome of pulmonary artery stents following surgical manipulation

Background: Pulmonary artery (PA) stents are utilized to treat branch pulmonary stenosis (BPS). Often patients with PA stents undergo subsequent cardiac surgery for other indications, and the stents can be manipulated during the procedure. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcome of branch PA stenoses following surgical manipulation of previously implanted PA stents and to determine factors associated with future reintervention. Methods: Catheterization data, operative reports, and clinical summaries were reviewed on patients with PA stents placed between September 1989 and December 2006 undergoing subsequent cardiac surgery. Surgical manipulation was recorded as removed, trimmed, or longitudinally transected, and patched. Those that were not manipulated were defined as untouched. Results: 459 patients had branch PA stents placed. About 54 patients, with 70 stents in branch PA's. subsequently had further cardiac surgery. The median age of stent placement was 7.5 (0.5–32.4) years with a median age of surgery of 12.7 (5.1–39.6) years. Surgical manipulation was performed in 23 (33%) PA's and 47 (66%) stents were untouched. Stent removal occurred in 11 (16%), with transecting longitudinally and patching in 5 (7%), and trimming in 7 (10%). Comparing the surgical manipulation and the untouched groups, there was no difference in median age of stent placement [7.2 (0.5–30.2) versus 7.6 (1.8–32.4) years, p = 0.40], wt [21.0 (5.3–86.5) versus 24.7 (9.0–96.0) kg, p = 0.42], or residual catheterization gradient across the stent [3 (0–59) versus 4 (0–50) mmHg, p = 0.81]. Catheter reintervention (stent n = 6 or balloon dilation n = 14) on the previously stented PAs was similar between the surgically manipulated (median 7.5 years) and untouched groups (median 11.5 years) (p = 0.31). In multivariate analysis, the factors associated with future catheter reintervention were having the stent transected longitudinally and patched (p = 0.003) and a lower weight (p = 0.006) at the time of stent placement. Conclusions: Surgical stent manipulation is often performed in patients who have PA stents. Surgical manipulation does not alter the need for future reintervention and catheter re-intervention may be more likely when the stents are transected longitudinally and patched. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The Product Generation architecture for the GOES-R Ground System

The GOES-R Ground System (GS) will produce a much larger set of products with higher data density than previous GOES systems. This requires considerably greater compute and memory resources to achieve the necessary latency and availability for these products. Over time, new algorithms could be added and existing ones removed or updated, but the GOES-R GS cannot go down during this time. To meet these GOES-R GS processing needs, the Harris Corporation will implement a Product Generation (PG) infrastructure that is scalable, extensible, extendable, modular and reliable. The primary parts of the PG infrastructure are the Service Based Architecture (SBA) and the Distributed Data Fabric (DDF). The SBA is the middleware that encapsulates and manages science algorithms that generate products. The SBA is divided into three parts, the Executive, which manages and configures the algorithm as a service, the Dispatcher, which provides data to the algorithm, and the Strategy, which determines when the algorithm can execute with the available data. The SBA is a distributed architecture, with services connected to each other over a compute grid and is highly scalable. This plug-and-play architecture allows algorithms to be added, removed, or updated without affecting any other services or software currently running and producing data. Algorithms require product data from other algorithms, so a scalable and reliable messaging is necessary. The SBA uses the DDF to provide this data communication layer between algorithms. The DDF provides an abstract interface over a distributed and persistent multi-layered storage system (memory based caching above disk-based storage) and an event system that allows algorithm services to know when data is available and to get the data that they need to begin processing when they need it. Together, the SBA and the DDF provide a flexible, high performance architecture that can meet the needs of product processing now and as they grow in the future.
TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF LATTICE PARAMETERS FOR Gd, Dy, AND Ho

The lattice parameters of single-crystal Gd, Dy, and Ho have been measured over their temperature ranges of magnetic ordering. The $c$ axis and volume of all three hexagonal close-packed structures were found to increase with decreasing temperature below their respective N\'eel or Curie points. The temperature dependence of the $c$ axes is in reasonable agreement with the exchange magnetostriction theory of Kittel. Discontinuities in the $c$ axes were found for Dy and Ho, and a structure change to orthorhombic was found in Dy, at the antiferromagnetic-ferromagnetic transitions. This structure change is believed to account for the extraordinarily large values of magnetostriction reported for Dy.
Comparison study of alkyl boronic acids with boric acid.

The bacteriostatic activities of two alkyl boronic acids were compared with boric acid. Some primary irritation and chronic toxicity determinations of the compounds were also accomplished. The results indicated that nonyl boronic acid and dodecyl boronic acid possessed bacteriostatic activity superior to boric acid, and that very dilute concentrations of these compounds could be employed to achieve bacteriostasis. Toxicological testing showed the alkyl boronic acids employed to be only mildly irritating and apparently nontoxic when applied to animal skin.
Prediction of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Power System Performance Through Multi-Level Modeling

This paper presents an integrated multi-level model of a solid oxide fuel cell system, which accounts for the effects of concentration, activation, and ohmic polarizations on single-cell performance, as well as the cell-to-cell interactions in a cell stack module. Furthermore, This model extends the work of Lu and Mahoney (1988) and Harvey and Richter (1994) by including the performance of a cell stack operating with a fuel reformer, heat exchangers, and a steam generator over a range of design parameters. This paper also demonstrates the procedure by which a single-cell model is scaled to a system model.
Physiological Salines for Fresh-Water Teleosts

(1963). Physiological Salines for Fresh-Water Teleosts. The Progressive Fish-Culturist: Vol. 25, No. 3, pp. 135-140.
Choice of Scale and Asymmetric Logistic Models

In recent years, a number of authors have proposed generalizations to the binomial logistic model. These proposals were motivated, in part, by the claimed inability of the logistic model to fit asymmetric data, that is, data that does not follow a symmetric S-shaped curve. In this note, it is demonstrated that by changing the scale of the independent variable(s), the logistic model can fit asymmetric data. Logistic models are fit to data from BLISS (1935) that had been used as an example by three of the authors; the logistic models fit Bliss' data as well as the proposed alternative models. In a general sense, these data serve as an example of the need to consider the appropriate choice of scale of the independent variables in logistic analysis.
Rapid design of corner restraining force in deep drawn rectangular parts

With the development of finite element method and computer technology, the complete modeling of the forming of a 3D sheet metal part is becoming realistic. However, an accurate 3D simulation is usually too time-consuming to be used in the early stage of design. One solution is to model the straight side of a 3D part as a plane strain problem and the corner section as an axisymmetric problem. Unfortunately, the axisymmetric solution often over-predicts the severity of the deformation at the corner and leads to a very conservative design. In this study, a modified axisymmetric model with a center offset is proposed to predict tearing failure in the corner sections of 3D parts. The proposed offset is found to be a function of the center strains, failure height, and tooling/process parameters, including tooling geometry, material properties, friction coefficient, and restraining force provided by the binder. Finite element analyses of both 3D and 2D axisymmetric models for square and rectangular cup forming are utilized to verify the proposed concept and to define the function. Excellent predictions of the failure heights are obtained. The proposed model enables engineers to rapidly specify the right amount of the restraining force in the corner section based on the desired center strains and forming depth. A detailed design algorithm is provided.
Teaching gems for computer science and engineering

Moderators and attendees of this forum will present, discuss, and assess examples of "best practices" for teaching computer graphics to computer science and engineering students. Types of "teaching gems" to be presented include: classroom lectures and demonstrations, lab exercises, homework projects, self-instruction techniques such as tutorials, demo programs, and Web applets, use of analog models, examples from industry and the rest of the "real world", and field trips (real and virtual). The forum moderators will contribute presentations by electronic submission from virtual attendees prior to the conference and by attendees on site during the forum session. Three outcomes are anticipated from this forum: 1. presentation of several teaching gems, 2. group analysis and discussion of how best to apply each gem in a course and it's learning effectiveness, and 3. posting of the results for public access on the SIGGRAPH Education Committee web site, http://www.siggraph.org/education.
Neurofibromin regulates G protein–stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a dominant genetic disorder characterized by multiple benign and malignant nervous system tumors, and by learning defects in 45% of children with NF1 mutations. Studies of neurofibromin, the protein encoded by NF1, have focused on its functions in tumorigenesis and regulation of Ras activity; however, Drosophila NF1 regulates both Ras and cyclic AMP (cAMP) pathways. Expression of a human NF1 transgene rescued cAMP-related phenotypes in NF1 mutant flies (small body size and G protein-stimulated adenylyl cyclase (AC) activity defects), and neuropeptide- and G protein-stimulated AC activity were lower in Nf1-/- as compared to Nf1+/- mouse brains, demonstrating that neurofibromin regulates AC activity in both mammals and flies.
On the chemical mass-balance in estuaries

Abstract A general model is presented for mixing processes between river and ocean water in which are established criteria for the identification of any non-conservative behavior of the dissolved constituents involved. A review of previous data shows that in no case has removal of silica been demonstrated unambiguously in estuarine regimes. New data for iron which show highly non-conservative behavior are used in an example of the application of the model.
Development of Food Group Composites and Nutrient Profiles for the MyPyramid Food Guidance System

Abstract Objective To identify food selections in each MyPyramid food group or subgroup reflective of typical consumption patterns by Americans, and the nutrient intake that can be expected from consuming a specified amount of these foods from each group, in a low-fat and no-added-sugars form. Design An analytical process to identify food consumption choices within each food group and subgroup using national food consumption surveys, and to identify the expected nutrient content of each group using food composition databases. Variables Measured Relative consumption of foods within each food group; nutrient content for each food group and subgroup (energy plus 27 nutrients). Analysis Disaggregated foods from consumption surveys into component ingredients. Combined similar ingredients into “item clusters” and determined relative consumption of each. Calculated a consumption-weighted nutrient profile for each food group. Results Consumption-weighted food intake selections and nutrient profiles were developed for all MyPyramid food groups and subgroups. Conclusions and Implications This analytical process derived food group and subgroup composites which estimate typical food choices within each MyPyramid food group. These were used to assess the adequacy of the MyPyramid food intake patterns as they were being iteratively developed.
A Single-Use Site Selection Technique, Using GIS, for Aquaculture Planning: Choosing Locations for Mangrove Oyster Raft Culture in Margarita Island, Venezuela

Oyster culture has a potential to generate income for coastal communities and to lessen pressure on natural overexploited populations. A project to transfer mangrove oyster Crassostrea rhizophorae raft culture technology to selected coastal communities in Margarita Island, Venezuela is being developed, and an optimum location selection technique was devised. To pick the variables or factors that determine site suitability, a bibliographic database was made, aspects of interest chosen, and the most comprehensive ones singled out, eliminating redundant ones. Twenty variables were grouped in criteria based on the way they influence the project. Variables were classified as intrinsic environmental, environmental extrinsic, logistic, and socioeconomic criteria. Thirty-five experts were asked to evaluate the factors and to score each according to their suitability weight. Logistic criterion received the highest values, followed by environmental extrinsic issues. A Geographic Information System using a base map compiled from 1:25,000 scale maps was developed. A thematic map for each factor was completed, dividing graphically the 3896-km2 study area into polygons of equal weight for each factor. The Multi-Criteria Evaluation (MCE) was used to combine the variables. Resultant vectors in thematic maps were added to obtain smaller polygons with the same value sum. Finally, MCE was used to generate a final output: the optimum sites for oyster aquaculture resulting from the added values of over 3000 polygons in the maps, for the 20 criteria. Higher scores were reached in 13 areas covering 4.1 km2, those places having the optimum conditions for oyster raft aquaculture in the region. Additional locations meeting 75% to 70% of the demanded criteria for a final suitable selection cover 137 sites encompassing 37.5 km2.
Different analyses estimate different parameters of the effect of erythropoietin stimulating agents on survival in end stage renal disease: a comparison of payment policy analysis, instrumental variables, and multiple imputation of potential outcomes

Objective: To compare the assumptions and estimands across three approaches to estimate the effect of erythropoietin-stimulating agents (ESAs) on mortality. Study Design and Setting: Using data from the Renal Management Information System, we conducted two analyses using a change to bundled payment that, we hypothesized, mimicked random assignment to ESA (preepost, difference-in-difference, and instrumental variable analyses). A third analysis was based on multiply imputing potential outcomes using propensity scores. Results: There were 311,087 recipients of ESAs and 13,095 non-recipients. In the preepost comparison, we identified no clear relationship between bundled payment (measured by calendar time) and the incidence of death within 6 months (risk difference � 1.5%; 95% confidence interval [CI] � 7.0%, 4.0%). In the instrumental variable analysis, the risk of mortality was similar among ESA recipients (risk difference � 0.9%; 95% CI � 2.1, 0.3). In the multiple imputation analysis, we observed a 4.2% (95% CI 3.4%, 4.9%) absolute reduction in mortality risk with the use of ESAs, but closer to the null for patients with baseline hematocrit level O36%. Conclusion: Methods emanating from different disciplines often rely on different assumptions but can be informative about a similar causal contrast. The implications of these distinct approaches are discussed. 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Articulating a Freshman Orientation Program with a Social Science Course

The method and outcomes of an experimental linkage of the freshman orientation program to a required freshman liberal arts course is described. The counselor and faculty member teamed in a coordinated effort to enhance total student development. Outcomes included application of academic concepts to student's everyday life, especially career concerns, greater student participation in the orientation sessions, increased counselor awareness of individual student problems ranging from study skills difficulties to personal crises, and greater understanding of the counselor role by the faculty member.
Studies of High-Frequency Radio Wave Propagation

Studies of multiple signals of high frequency have been made upon a quantitative basis with reference not only to the round-the-world signals (sometimes called echo signals) but to nearby echoes which have a very much shorter time of arrival. A method of predicting in advance the the likelihood of round-the-world echoes occurring between any two different stations has been worked out. Further studies of nearby echoes show a remarkable retardation on very high-frequency signals coming from the Rocky Point stations to Washington, these signals traveling an actual distance varying from 2900 kms. to over 10,000 kms., although the great circle distance is only 420 kms. The apparent violation of the skip distance law by these stations as observed in Washington has been explained. The nearby echo signals have been tentatively assumed to be due either to reflections from a heavily ionized region in the neighborhood of the magnetic poles or more likely to be due to scattered reflections thrown backwards from the first and second zones of reception, which follow the skip distance region. This throwing back of the signal thus permits under certain conditions the reception of the signal on very high frequency within what is really the skipped zone, the signal having entered this zone by a very indirect route and with a considerable time retardation as compared with the direct route. Influence of both nearby and round-the-world echo signals upon various types of radio communication have been briefly discussed.
The Role Of The Typhoid Bacillus In The Pulmonary Complications Of Typhoid Fever.

The fact that typhoid bacilli are not infrequently found in the lungs during an attack of typhoid fever is well established, but the effect of their presence is still uncertain. Artaud in 1885 was the first to mention the possibility of pulmonary invasion by typhoid bacilli, and he described typhoid-like bacilli in the lungs of two typhoidal patients dying of pulmonary apoplexy. According to Curschmann, lungs, the seat of gangrene, hypostatic splenization, or even lobar pneumonia due to the pneumococcus, undoubtedly may be invaded by typhoid bacilli. When one considers the constancy with which the typhoid bacillus enters the general circulation, and also that the organism has been obtained by a number of observers (Polgu&re, Montier, Koque and Bancel) from lungs in a state of congestion only then it is clear that the organism quite regularly enters the lungs during typhoid fever. Roque and Bancel obtained the bacillus six times in 16 attempts by lung puncture during life from cases showing only bronchitis or pulmonary congestion. They think that the typhoid bacillus is present in greater numbers in the pulmonary than in the systemic circulation and plays an important rCle in pulmonary complications of typhoid fever. Although the organism has been recovered repeatedly from the lung, there are in the literature but few cases in which the typhoid bacillus seems surely to have produced a definite pulmonary lesion. Several observations have been made recently at the Pennsylvania Hospital which throw some light upon the significance of the typhoid bacillus in pulmonary complications of typhoid fever.
The Stability of TiH2 Used as Diffusion Barrier on SiO2 Substrates

TiH2 has been considered as a diffusion barrier and adhesion promoter between oxide and Cu. This phase is formed by reaction of Ti with hydrogen during rapid thermal annealings. In this investigation the stability of TiH2 on PECVD and thermal oxides has been studied during Ar anneal at 400 and 500°C. X-ray diffraction, sheet resistance measurements, RBS, and nuclear reaction technique to profile hydrogen have been used in this study. The results indicate that the stability of TiH2 is dependent on the nature of the oxide, for example, the water concentration and the density of the oxide and on the temperature of the anneal. These results will be discussed in view of the applicability of TiH2 which has a low thin film electrical resistivity of about 100 μΩ-cm.
Four-dimensional coronary morphology and computational hemodynamics

Conventional reconstructions from intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) stack the frames as acquired during the pullback of the catheter to form a straight three-dimensional volume, thus neglecting the vessel curvature and merging images from different heart phases. We are developing a comprehensive system for fusion of the IVUS data with the pullback path as determined from x-ray angiography, to create a geometrically accurate 4-D (3-D plus time) model of the coronary vasculature as basis for computational hemodynamics. The overall goal of our work is to correlate shear stress with plaque thickness. The IVUS data are obtained in a single pullback using an automated pullback device; the frames are afterwards assigned to their respective heart phases based upon the ECG signal. A set of 3-D models is reconstructed by fusion of IVUS and angiographic data corresponding to the same ECG-gated heart phase; methods of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) are applied to obtain important hemodynamic data. Combining these models yields the final 4-D reconstruction. Visualization is performed using the platform-independent VRML standard for a user-friendly manipulation of the scene. An extension for virtual angioscopy allows an easy assessment of the vessel features within their local context. Validation was successfully performed both in-vitro and in-vivo.
Regulation of histone acetylation and transcription by nuclear protein pp32, a subunit of the INHAT complex

Abstract Histone acetylation by p300/CBP and PCAF coactivators is considered to be a key mechanism of chromatin modification and transcriptional regulation. A multiprotein cellular complex, INHAT (inhibitor of acetyltransferases), containing the Set/TAF-Iβ oncoprotein and pp32 strongly inhibits the HAT activity of p300/CBP and PCAF by histone masking. Here we report that the INHAT complex and its subunits have overlapping but distinct HAT inhibitory and histone binding characteristics. We provide evidence suggesting that the histone binding and INHAT activity of pp32 can be regulated by its physical association with other INHAT subunits. In vivocolocalization and transfection studies show that pp32 INHAT domains are responsible for histone binding, HAT inhibitory activity, and repression of transcription. We propose that INHAT and its subunits may function by modulating histone acetyltransferases through a histone-masking mechanism and may play important regulatory roles in the establishment and maintenance of the newly proposed “histone code” of chromatin.