cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
MIND: A Tool for Mental Health Screening and Support of Therapy to Improve Clinical and Research Outcomes

Routine experiences of daily living invoke particular patterns that can be detected in online activities. Every time an individual carries out any activity on the internet some kind of metadata, reflecting the user's preference, is created and stored. The generated metadata, a latent bi-product of high volume user interactions, is rich, has the potential to be mined for understanding one's current mental state. For example, Google logs every search query made on Google Search, Maps, and YouTube. Closely monitoring these experiences and events, along with the history of online activities, can inform systems to provide early diagnosis and detection of depression, anxiety, and related problems. A growing body of research focuses on using social media for identifying signals associated to various mental health phenomena. However, interventions based on such sources tend to have high false positive rates and may lead to inaccurate diagnosis. In this work, we propose a framework, MIND, that can leverage large amount of passively sensed online engagements history to estimate mental health assessments on depression, anxiety, self-esteem, etc. MIND is designed to use these otherwise ignored data, with informed consent from the subject. We envision that MIND has the potential to be easily be integrated into applications in clinical and research settings to help caregivers make informed assessments about individuals during and in between appointments and other health sector contacts.
Experience Level Influences Users’ Interactions With and Expectations For Online Surgical Videos: A Mixed-Methods Study

Purpose Upper-extremity surgeons and trainees widely use online surgical videos, and the use of these videos can assist with procedural learning. The purpose of this study was to characterize online video use and understand the role videos play in the learning process of orthopedic residents and practicing surgeons. We hypothesized that the use of surgical videos and video content desired among orthopedic learners differs based on their experience level. Methods Four focus groups were conducted to discuss online surgical videos and their role in the learning process of orthopedic learners. Participants were separated based on their experience level. Three reviewers qualitatively analyzed the transcripts of the focus groups using constant comparative methods to identify overarching themes and categories. Findings regarding the participants’ desires for video content and production quality were translated into a survey. The survey results were analyzed to assess their associations with experience level. Results The focus group analysis helped identify 4 overarching themes that reflected users’ interactions with videos: prewatching experience, choosing a video, video use, and video design, with the users’ comments differing based on their experience level. The survey results showed that the median ideal length for a video was 10 minutes and that all users, regardless of their experience level, ranked showing the surgical procedure as the most important part of a video. Junior residents more frequently desired background information and a written outline of surgical steps, whereas more senior learners placed greater emphasis on advanced surgical decision-making and the use of particular implants/devices. Conclusions Experience level influences users’ interactions with videos, including how they are chosen and used, and their expectations in terms of content and production. Clinical relevance Video creators should specify their targeted audience’s experience level and adjust content to meet users’ needs. Our results can provide video creators and hosts a checklist for appropriate content and production standards.
A deterministic verification strategy for electrostatic particle-in-cell algorithms in arbitrary spatial dimensions using the method of manufactured solutions

Abstract As simulations of kinetic plasmas continue to increase in scope and complexity, a rigorous and straightforward method for verifying particle-in-cell (PIC) implementations is necessary to ensure their correctness. In this paper, we present a deterministic method for the rigorous verification of multidimensional, multispecies, electrostatic particle-in-cell codes based on the method of manufactured solutions. Specifically, we prove that rigorous verification is possible through the exclusive examination of errors of grid quantities (i.e., moments and/or fields), allowing for a very light-weight and non-intrusive implementation in existing PIC codes. This is a marked improvement over earlier PIC verification approaches (only demonstrated with one species in 1D-1V), which rely on the comparison of cumulative distribution functions, and are invasive on the code base, introduce additional stochastic noise, are significantly more computationally expensive, and lack rigorous convergence properties. Interestingly, we show that different grid quantities feature different rates of convergence with the number of particles and mesh size, impacting the verification process. These theoretical results are confirmed numerically with a multi-species 2D-2V particle-in-cell code, including the ability of the method to detect order reduction due to an incorrect implementation.
Analysis and Modeling of MCM Interconnects

In this chapter, a number of recent techniques for the rapid simulation of MCM interconnects were presented. These techniques achieve significant speedups over conventional simulators by approximating the interconnects by lower-order systems. They are very general, and can handle arbitrary tree structures of lumped and distributed elements, crosstalk computation between coupled trees and frequency-dependent effects. One of these techniques, Reciprocal Expansion (REX), supports incremental transfer function computation when the interconnection tree is modified, and is thus well-suited for guiding MCM physical design. Delay modeling of MCM interconnects was also discussed, and a new second-order delay model was presented to account for transmission-line effects in the interconnect.
MO-AB-207-03: ACR Update in Nuclear Medicine

A goal of an imaging accreditation program is to ensure adequate image quality, verify appropriate staff qualifications, and to assure patient and personnel safety. Currently, more than 35,000 facilities in 10 modalities have been accredited by the American College of Radiology (ACR), making the ACR program one of the most prolific accreditation options in the U.S. In addition, ACR is one of the accepted accreditations required by some state laws, CMS/MIPPA insurance and others. Familiarity with the ACR accreditation process is therefore essential to clinical diagnostic medical physicists. Maintaining sufficient knowledge of the ACR program must include keeping up-to-date as the various modality requirements are refined to better serve the goals of the program and to accommodate newer technologies and practices. This session consists of presentations from authorities in four ACR accreditation modality programs, including magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, nuclear medicine, and mammography. Each speaker will discuss the general components of the modality program and address any recent changes to the requirements. Learning Objectives: 1. To understand the requirements of the ACR MR Accreditation program. The discussion will include accreditation of whole-body general purpose magnets, dedicated extremity systems well as breast MRI accreditation. Anticipated updates to the ACR MRI Quality Control Manual will also be reviewed. 2. To understand the requirements of the ACR CT accreditation program, including updates to the QC manual as well as updates through the FAQ process. 3. To understand the requirements of the ACR nuclear medicine accreditation program, and the role of the physicist in annual equipment surveys and the set up and supervision of the routine QC program. 4. To understand the current ACR MAP Accreditation requirement and present the concepts and structure of the forthcoming ACR Digital Mammography QC Manual and Program.
Some alternatives to calving date and interval as measures of fertility in beef cattle.

Records of 594 calving dates and 493 calving intervals collected from a herd of Retinta beef cows in southwest Spain were studied. Their efficacy as reproductive measures were compared when a long breeding season was utilized. Variables used were date of present calving (DOC), date of subsequent calving (DOSC), time from start of breeding season to calving (TBSC), interval to next calving (CI), two adjustments of calving interval by subtracting the time that bulls were not available to the cow from actual CI (ACI1 and ACI2), and three scores. Period score (SCOR) measured the 20-d increment of the 220-d calving season in which the cow calved. Pair score (PAIR) was computed by subtracting the deviation of calving interval from 365 d from the average SCOR of the two calvings involved. Adjusted pair score (APAIR) was calculated in the same way as PAIR, but using ACI1 instead of CI. Heritability estimates for DOC, SCOR, and DOSC and CI were .16, .14, .13 and 0, respectively. Heritabilities of all other measures ranged from .01 to .06. Repeatability estimates for DOC, SCOR, DOSC and CI were .29, .28, .34 and .14, respectively. Repeatability values were .28, .18, .18, .23 and .32 for TBSC, ACI1, ACI2, PAIR and APAIR, respectively. Genetic and phenotypic correlations among CI and its alternative measures were very high and favorable.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Modelling of Intense Line Radiation from Laser-Produced Plasmas

Resonance line radiation has been observed in many laser-produced plasma experiments. These lines which are emitted by a dipole transition from an excited state to ground state are usually the brightest in the spectra. Measured intensity ratios have been used to estimate plasma temperature and density1–11. However, for these measurements to be useful, the plasma must be optically thin to the lines. Micro-dot targets4–5 have been used to produce plasmas with small enough optical depths in the transverse direction to allow the lines to escape.
VC v. VCG: Inapproximability of Combinatorial Auctions via Generalizations of the VC Dimension

The existence of incentive-compatible computationally-efficient protocols for combinatorial auctions with decent approximation ratios is the paradigmatic problem in computational mechanism design. It is believed that in many cases good approximations for combinatorial auctions may be unattainable due to an inherent clash between truthfulness and computational efficiency. However, to date, researchers lack the machinery to prove such results. In this paper, we present a new approach that we believe holds great promise for making progress on this important problem. We take the first steps towards the development of new technologies for lower bounding the VC-dimension of k-tuples of disjoint sets. We apply this machinery to prove the first computational-complexity inapproximability results for incentive-compatible mechanisms for combinatorial auctions. These results hold for the important class of VCG-based mechanisms, and are based on the complexity assumption that NP has no polynomial-size circuits.
MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION AND PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF 16S rRNA FROM A NEW “CANDIDATUS LIBERIBACTER” STRAIN ASSOCIATED WITH ZEBRA CHIP DISEASE OF POTATO (SOLANUM TUBEROSUM L.) AND THE POTATO PSYLLID (BACTERICERA COCKERELLI SULC)

The full-length 16S rRNA gene region of a new “Candidatus Liberibacter” strain was PCR- amplified from tubers of potato plants showing zebra chip (ZC) disease symptoms and also from the potato psyllid [Bactericera (= Paratrioza) cockerelli Sulc], the presumptive vector of the ZC disease causal agent. Sequences of the amplicons from ZC diseased potato and potato psyllids were 100% identical but differed from “Ca. L. asiaticus” (Las) and “Ca. L. africanus” (Laf) by 4% and from “Ca. L. americanus” (Lam) by 6.0-6.3%. Neighbor-joining analysis placed the ZC disease-associated sequences in a monophyletic clade consisting of all known “Ca. Liberibacter” spp., positioned in the tree basal to a node shared exclusively by Las and Laf but proximal to a node shared by Lam and all other “Ca. Liberibacter” spp. Here we present evidence for the association between a new “Candidatus Liberibacter” strain and ZC disease in field samples. The relationship of this Liberibacter to the other Liberibacter bacteria detected in psyllids, potato and other solanaceous crops as well as in citrus remains to be determined.
Critical Thinking and Cognitive Bias

Teaching critical thinking skill is a central pedagogical aim in many courses. These skills, it is hoped, will be both portable (applicable in a wide range of contexts) and durable (not forgotten quickly). Yet, both of these virtues are challenged by pervasive and potent cognitive biases, such as motivated reasoning, false consensus bias and hindsight bias. In this paper, I argue that a focus on the development of metacognitive skill shows promise as a means to inculcate debiasing habits in students. Such habits will help students become more critical reasoners. I close with suggestions for implementing this strategy.
Pagophagia and iron deficiency anemia in adolescent girls.

Four cases of iron deficiency anemia associated with pagophagia, or ice eating, in young adolescent girls are described. This symptom was reversible in each case shortly after the institution of oral iron therapy.
RESPONSE-TO-INTERVENTION: SEPARATING THE RHETORIC OF SELF-CONGRATULATION FROM THE REALITY OF SPECIFIC LEARNING DISABILITY IDENTIFICATION

The policies underlying the specific learning disa bility (SLD) regulations in the 2004 reauthorization of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) are analyzed. The analysis focuses on the Response-to-intervention (RTI) provi sion ("if the child responds to scientific, research-based interven tion") as a diagnostic model, revealing that it is conceptually flawed, practically inadequate, and politically rather than scien tifically motivated. It is argued that RTI is best described as a model for providing remedial reading (prereferral) services for students experiencing early reading failure. To achieve a reliable and valid diagnosis of SLD under IDEA, it is argued that a com prehensive psychometric assessment is required. With a model that combines RTI and cognitive assessments, it is possible to provide an identification process that closely aligns with the best current conceptualizations of SLD.
Escherichia coli thermal inactivation relative to physiological state

Studies have explored the use of various nonlinear regression techniques to better describe shoulder and/or tailing effects in survivor curves. Researchers have compiled and developed a number of diverse models for describing microbial inactivation and presented goodness of fit analysis to compare them. However, varying physiological states of microorganisms could affect the measured response in a particular population and add uncertainty to results from predictive models. The objective of this study was to determine if the shape and magnitude of the survivor curve are possibly the result of the physiological state, relative to growth conditions, of microbial cells at the time of heat exposure. Inactivation tests were performed using Escherichia coli strain K-12 in triplicate for three growth conditions: statically grown cells, chemostat-grown cells, and chemostat-grown cells with buffered (pH 6.5) feed media. Chemostat cells were significantly less heat resistant than the static or buffered chemostat cells at 58 degrees C. Regression analysis was performed using the GInaFiT freeware tool for Microsoft Excel. A nonlinear Weibull model, capable of fitting tailing effects, was effective for describing both the static and buffered chemostat cells. The log-linear response best described inactivation of the nonbuffered chemostat cells. Results showed differences in the inactivation response of microbial cells depending on their physiological state. The use of any model should take into consideration the proper use of regression tools for accuracy and include a comprehensive understanding of the growth and inactivation conditions used to generate thermal inactivation data.
Endoscopic removal of eroded adjustable gastric band in a pregnant patient

Complications of the laparoscopic adjustable gastric band, including erosion, have been well described. Increasingly, endoscopic techniques are being utilized to manage complications of this and other weight loss procedures. The authors presented what was believed to be one of the first reported cases of successful endoscopic removal of an eroded gastric band during pregnancy. A complete description of the case and review of the relevant literature is provided. Endoscopy for management of eroded adjustable gastric bands needs to be part of the armamentarium of surgeons and endoscopists who deal with complications of weight loss surgery.
O Entrelaçamento dos Estudos Modernos da Performance e as Correntes Atuais em Antropologia

This paper discusses the relation between Performance, Theatre and Anthropology. We present the origins of the relations between performance and anthropology, listing the main ideas from North- American and French pioneers. We compare the connections between artists and anthropologists like Richard Schechner and Victor Turner, Eugenio Barba and Kirsten Hastrup. Finally, we discuss the movements and the different apprehensions of performance and the productive way in which the relation between performance and anthropology has been built in recent years.
Selling CDBG Housing Rehab Loans in the Private Sector

The author examines three cities that have sold a portion of their CDBG housing rehabilitation loan portfolio to secondary mortgage markets and private banks to secure additional capital for their revolving loan funds. Through case studies, the article focuses on some of the key issues in these sales including discounting, assumption of default risk, and loan documentation. It is concluded that such markets may become of increasing importance in the future as a source for augmenting declining public sector funds.
The quartz-coesite transition measured in the presence of a silicate liquid and calibration of piston-cylinder apparatus

Hydrothermal melting reactions in the system NaAlSiO_4-SiO_2-H_2O have been extended into the coesite stability field using piston-cylinder apparatus, and the quartz-coesite transition has been bracketed at 735° (28.0±0.9 Kb) and at 800° C (28.15±0.9 Kb) in the presence of a silicate liquid phase; this provided favorable kinetic conditions. The results agree closely with previous piston-cylinder determinations employing a correction for pressure loss due to friction. Consideration of previous calibration and hysteresis experiments leads to the conclusion that despite its potential utility, the quartz-coesite transition can not be confidently used as a calibrant for piston-cylinder apparatus until the question of whether or not to apply a friction correction has been resolved.
Healthy Aging in Later Life

There are negative realities associated with aging, however the purpose of this article is to present factors that contribute to healthy aging, including maintaining an active role in life. A number of successful patterns of aging exist. Instead of reciting these lifestyles, the authors will highlight means in which persons can age, while maintaining their health. Unfortunately, the current literature and research is lacking in identifying positive aspects of aging. The authors hope that through summarizing the literature and bringing it into the forefront, this article may contribute to a resurgence of valuable research, energy, and study around the topic of healthy aging.
MUSCULOSKELETAL SYMPTOMS AMONGST ENDOSCOPISTS

Introduction Gastroenterologists may be at risk of overuse / repetitive strain type injuries. The number, complexity and duration of endoscopic procedures, in addition to the career duration are possible contributing factors. Anecdotally and in limited literature, endoscopists report a variety of musculoskeletal problems. Much attention has been paid to the safety of patients during endoscopic procedures, but the safety of the physician is often forgotten. Aims/Background Firstly to establish the frequency and character of musculoskeletal symptoms in endoscopists and to compare to those in physicians in non-interventional specialties. Secondly to investigate possible contributing factors to these symptoms in endoscopists. Method Online questionnaires were created which contained 13 simple questions about speciality, age, number, duration and complexity of procedures performed, handedness and other physical activities. Questionnaires were distributed and collected on ISGE meeting and also accessible via the BSG website. Results 86 responses have been collected to date. Most of them experienced back (43%), neck (36%) or shoulder pain (35%). Physicians perceived that table height and monitor positions were contributors. Musculoskeletal problems were surprisingly not more common in older doctors, who have been scoping for longer. The results from non-interventional specialties are currently awaited and will be available for comparison in the coming weeks. Conclusion Musculoskeletal symptoms are relatively common amongst endoscopists, and surprisingly were not more common in older, longer practising endoscopists. Our results will be compared to age matched groups of doctors involved in non interventional specialities to try to assess the impact of endoscopy on health. Further exploration of endoscopy workstation and tool design changes may be of benefit to the longterm health of endoscopists.
A clinical trial of peer-based culturally responsive person-centered care for psychosis for African Americans and Latinos:

Background Providing culturally competent and person-centered care is at the forefront of changing practices in behavioral health. Significant health disparities remain between people of color and ...
Success rate of catheter ablation in atrial flutter: comparison of a 4- or 5-mm tip electrode catheter with an 8-mm tip electrode catheter.

Background Radio frequency (RF) energy is capable of interrupting the reentrant circuit of atrial flutter and curing the arrhythmia. The development of 8-mm tip catheter provides more tissue damage and has offered the promise of improved success. The purpose of our study was to determine if the acute and long-term success with the 8-mm tips were superior to the 4- or 5-mm tips.
Teaching the Statement of Cash Flows

Abstract In this paper, we offer ways of improving both student comprehension of and appreciation for the importance of the Statement of Cash Flows (SCF). Specifically, the paper presents four modules aimed at improving student understanding of the concepts underlying the Statement of Cash Flows. As part of these modules, examples of cash flow patterns taken from actual financial statements are provided. In addition, the paper presents the calculation of net cash flow from operating activities under the indirect method as a reconciliation process which focuses on understanding the timing differences between accrual and cash basis accounting.
Image-guided functional endoscopic sinus surgery

Abstract Introduction: Computer-aided surgery (CAS) technology in functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) has engendered considerable discussion. Objective: The goals of this study were to describe CAS preoperative planning (software-based CT image analysis) and to develop intraoperative CAS strategies for endoscopic sinus surgery. Study Design: Between October 1, 1997, and December 31, 1998, the StealthStation (Sofamor Danek, Memphis, TN) was used in 61 FESS cases, and a retrospective review of the findings was performed. The indication for surgery in all instances was chronic rhinosinusitis refractory to medical management. The StealthStation was used to review all CT scans before surgery. Anatomic fiducial registration supplemented by contour mapping was used. Results: Localization accuracy was estimated to be within 2 mm or better. The StealthStation was used for both CT image review and intraoperative localization. CAS was useful in the frontal recess, sphenoethmoid region, posterior ethmoid system, and skull base area. CAS was deemed helpful in situations where the surgical anatomy was altered by previous surgery and extensive inflammatory disease (polyposis, fungal sinusitis, and pansinusitis). Conclusion: The paradigm of image-guided FESS surgery, which integrates CAS into FESS, will serve to increase surgical effectiveness and decrease surgical morbidity. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2000;123:188–94.)
Higher-order unification revisited: Complete sets of transformations

In this paper, we reexamine the problem of general higher-order unification and develop an approach based on the method of transformations on systems of terms which has its roots in Herbrand's thesis, and which was developed by Martelli and Montanari in the context of first-order unification. This method provides an abstract and mathematically elegant means of analyzing the invariant properties of unification in various settings by providing a clean separation of the logical issues from the specification of procedural information. Our major contribution is three-fold. First, we have extended the Herbrand-Martelli-Montanari method of transformations on systems to higher-order unification and pre-unification; second, we have used this formalism to provide a more direct proof of the completeness of a method for higher-order unification than has previously been available; and, finally, we have shown the completeness of the strategy of eager variable elimination. In addition, this analysis provides another justification of the design of Huet's procedure, and shows how its basic principles work in a more general setting. Finally, it is hoped that this presentation might form a good introduction to higher-order unification for those readers unfamiliar with the field.
Little big knots

Abstract For knots with ‘little’ groups, yet ‘big’ topologies, there is a surprisingly strong connection between certain presentations of the group and the knot exterior's Heegaard structure.
Graft reactions after unilateral and bilateral keratoplasty for keratoconus.

Abstract Penetrating keratoplasty was performed on 134 eyes with keratoconus (102 patients) including 32 bilateral cases. The incidence of homograft rejection in the first eye of bilateral cases before surgery was performed on the second eye was identical to the incidence in unilateral cases (16%). The incidence of graft rejection was somewhat higher (25%) in the second eye of bilateral surgery, but this difference in rates of rejection was not statistically significant. Surgery on the second eye affected adversely the successful graft on the first eye in only one case and this was resolved with medical therapy.
Reconnection sites in Jupiter’s magnetotail and relation to Jovian auroras

Abstract The Galileo spacecraft explored Jupiter’s magnetotail in a low-inclination orbit, where it detected the signatures of tail reconnection. In this paper, we examine and classify the tail reconnection signatures into four types: dipolarizations, strong northward Bθ excursions, tailward-moving plasmoids and planetward-moving plasmoids. The distribution of these four types of events is used to infer the most probable location of the Jovian tail reconnection site to be near 0200 LT at a planetocentric distance of 80 Jovian radii. Dipolarizations are mainly observed planetward of this point, and strong northward Bθ excursions and plasmoids are found mostly tailward. The observations also suggest that the Jovian tail reconnection starts at a point (neutral point), a localized region in the tail, instead of along an extended azimuthal line (X-line). Using the updated Khurana’s Jupiter’s magnetospheric model, which includes the external field and the effects of the swept-back configuration of tail field lines, we map the signatures of Jovian tail reconnection into the Jupiter’s ionosphere. We confirm that the dawn auroral storms or the polar dawn spots observed by the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) are located close to the extrapolated footpoints of tail dipolarizations and could be the auroral signatures of tail reconnection.
Classroom behavior and the body image boundary.

Summary In three different groups of boys boundary definiteness was related to the effectiveness of the boys' classroom behavior. In emotionally disturbed boys it was correlated with the teachers' reports of how much difficulty the child had in adjusting to the classroom. In normal fifth and sixth graders, it was correlated positively with teachers' ratings of classroom effectiveness. Teacher ratings of maturity behavior of the group of first grade boys was also significantly related to boundary definiteness. The results indicate that boundary definiteness is a significant generalized predictor of classroom behavior. The boy who has a clear sense of his boundaries and his demarcation from others behaves effectively in the school environment.
Is G8 putting profits before the world's poorest children?

Several affluent countries have announced donations totalling US$1.5 billion to buy new vaccines that will help eradicate pneumococcal diseases in the worlds poorest children. Donations from the UK Italy Canada Russia and Norway launch what many hope will be a new era to ease the burdens of disease and foster economic growth. Yet only a quarter of the money will be spent on covering the costs of vaccines-three-quarters will go towards extra profits for vaccines that are already profitable. The Advanced Market Commitment (AMC) to which the G8 leaders and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation have committed is the difficulty. An AMC is a heavily promoted but untried idea for inducing major drug companies to invest in research to discover vaccines for neglected diseases by promising to match the revenues that companies earn from developing a product for affluent markets. By committing to buy a large volume of vaccine at a high price an AMC creates a whole market in one stroke. However no moneyis spent until a good product is fully developed. (excerpt)
Manipulation of the Pareto semi-optimal rule

Abstract The Pareto semi-optimal rule is shown to be strictly non-manipulable under certain assumptions on individual preferences over sets of alternatives. This gives an example of a non-manipulable social choice rule which avoids extreme concentrations of power.
Slowing proliferation in head and neck tumors: In vitro growth inhibitory effects of the polyamine analog BE-4-4-4-4 in human squamous cell carcinomas

PURPOSE These preclinical studies were carried out to examine the potential of the antiproliferative polyamine analog 1,19-bis-(ethylamino)-5,10,15-triazanonadecane (BE-4-4-4-4) to serve as a therapy adjuvant to radiation for patients with rapidly dividing tumors of the head and neck (H&N). METHODS AND MATERIALS Cytostatic and cytotoxic effects of this polyamine analog were investigated in three squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cell lines derived from human H&N tumors. RESULTS Growth inhibition was achieved in all cell lines within 3-4 days of continuous 10 microM drug exposure, and inhibition of cell cycle proliferation kinetics was confirmed via flow cytometry. Cytotoxicity was pronounced (3-4 log cell kill) in the SCC-38 and SCC-4Y cell lines with continuous 10 microM analog exposure over 5 days, and was minimal in the SCC-13Y cell line. No demonstrable effect of BE-4-4-4-4 on single dose radiation survival was identified in any SCC cell line. Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity was rapidly inhibited (1-2 h) following 10 microM BE-4-4-4-4 exposure in all SCC cell lines (approximately 90%), whereas identical exposure to 10 microM difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) induced animal ODC inhibition (approximately 10%). Dose-dependent depletion of endogenous polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, spermine) was achieved in all SCC cell lines following 1 microM and 10 microM BE-4-4-4-4 exposures. Difluoromethylornithine was significantly less potent than BE-4-4-4-4 in its capacity to deplete endogenous polyamines, with no measureable depletion of spermine pools even with 5 mM x 48 h DFMO exposures. CONCLUSIONS These data evaluate cytostatic and cytotoxic properties of the polyamine analog BE-4-4-4-4 in human SCCs, and suggest a role for investigation of such agents as an adjuvant to radiation in the therapeutic approach to rapidly dividing human tumors such as those that occur in the H&N.
Graphs of three-body wave functions

Abstract Plots of the numerical solutions of the Faddeev equations in configuration space are presented for both bound and scattering three-body systems. Comparisons of the Faddeev amplitudes with the total wave functions are made for various nucleon-nucleon interactions. We find that the Faddeev amplitude is a much smoother function than the total wave function, and that for a repulsive interaction the structure of the Faddeev amplitude is much different than the structure of the total wave function.
Micelle formation in aqueous n-alkanoate solutions: a Fourier transform infrared study

The concentration dependencies of the infrared spectra of deuterium oxide solutions of sodium propionate, n-butyrate, n-pentanoate, n-hexanoate, n-heptanoate, n-octanoate, n-nonanoate, and n-decanoate have been determined in concentration ranges encompassing the critical micelle concentrations. Progressively decreasing premicellar aggregation with increasing acyl chain length is demonstrated, with there being no evidence for premicellar aggregation in the sodium octanoate, nonanoate, and decanoate solutions. The frequencies and widths of the C-H stretching bands indicate that the acyl chains are conformationally disordered in the micellar phase, to a degree similar to that in liquid alkanes. They also indicate that, in the micellar phase, there is little or no hydrocarbon chain-water contact. 13 references.
The impact of photoperiod and irradiance on flowering of several herbaceous ornamentals

Abstract Forty-one herbaceous species were grown under short-days (8 h photoperiod, ambient irradiance averaged 12–13.2 and 6.4–8.3 mol m−2 day−1 for Experiments I and II, respectively) with or without supplemental high-pressure sodium lighting (+50, 100, or 150 μmol m−2 s−1); or under long-days delivered using natural day lengths and irradiance with night interruption lighting (2200–0200 h at 2 μmol m−2 s−1 from incandescent lamps) or under ambient daylight plus supplemental irradiance during the day and as a day extension to 18 h (0800–0200 h) with supplemental high pressure sodium lighting (+50, 100, or 150 μmol m−2 s−1) to identify the impact of photoperiod and irradiance on flowering of each species. Days to first open flower, leaf number below first flower, and mean dry weight gain per day (MDWG) were measured when the first flower opened. Twenty-seven species were photoperiodic with examples of five photoperiodic response groups represented: obligate short-day (2), facultative short-day (5), obligate long-day (16), facultative long-day (4); 13 were day neutral (no photoperiod response in flowering). One species, Salvia sclarea L., did not flower. A facultative irradiance response was observed with 10 species; 28 species were irradiance indifferent; 2 had delayed flowering as irradiance increased. Photoperiod affected MDWG of 30 species. Increasing irradiance affected MDWG with 14 species. Photoperiod interacted with irradiance to affect MDWG of 11 species. Cobaea scandens had the greatest MDWG (0.40 g day−1) while Amaranthus hybridus had the least MDWG (0.01 g day−1) across photoperiod and irradiance levels.
THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN THE TRANSFUSION OF OLDER BLOOD AND OUTCOMES AFTER TRAUMA

The risk for complicated sepsis and death in trauma victims who are transfused blood is high. The amount of older blood transfused is associated with complicated sepsis. While the best strategy to minimize the effects of allogeneic blood is to avoid unnecessary transfusions, it may be particularly important to avoid transfusing multiple units of older blood.
Characterizing the Performance of Eddy Current Probes Using Photoinductive Field-Mapping

Abstract We present a new method for characterizing the performance of eddy current probes by mapping their electromagnetic fields. The technique is based on the photoinductive effect, the change in the impedance of an eddy current probe induced by laser heating of the material under the probe. The instrument we developed maps a probe's electric field distribution by scanning an infrared laser beam over a thin film of gold lying underneath the probe. Measurements of both photoinductive signals and flaw signals for a series of similar probes demonstrate that the impedance change caused by an electrical-discharge-machined (EDM) notch or a fatigue crack is proportional to the strength of the photoinductive signal. Thus, photoinductive measurements can supplant the use of artifact standards to calibrate eddy current probes. Furthermore, the shape and symmetry of the probe's field pattern can reveal defects in probe construction. By combining photoinductive measurements of a probe's field strength with a theor...
Effects of intensive insulin therapy alone and with added pioglitazone on renal salt/water balance and fluid compartment shifts in type 2 diabetes

Objective: To evaluate the effects of intensive insulin therapy alone or with added pioglitazone on renal salt/water balance and body fluid compartment shifts in type 2 diabetes. Methods: A total of 25 insulin-treated, obese patients with type 2 diabetes were randomized to pioglitazone 45 mg (n = 12) or placebo (n = 13) and treated intensively for 12–16 weeks to achieve equivalent glycaemic control. We measured total body water (TBW) and extracellular/intracellular fluid by bioimpedance analysis; plasma/RBC volume with I131albumin; sodium handling by fractional excretion of sodium/lithium (FeNa/FeLi) and other renal/hormonal parameters. Results: Intensification of insulin therapy and the addition of pioglitazone significantly improved glycaemia (HbA1C 7.8–7.2% and 7.6–7.1%) and increased body weight (1.7 and 4.9 kg) respectively. TBW increased 1.7 l with insulin alone (65% intracellular) and 1.6 l with added pioglitazone (75% extracellular) (p = 0.06 and 0.09 respectively). Plasma volume increased 0.2 ± 0.1 l with insulin alone (p = 0.05) and 0.4 ± 0.1 l with added pioglitazone (p < 0.05). Extravascular, extracellular (interstitial) fluid increased significantly and more with added pioglitazone (0.8 ± 0.2 l, p < 0.01) than with insulin alone (0.4 ± 0.2 l, p = ns). At steady-state, FeLi (marker of proximal-tubular sodium delivery to the distal nephron) increased significantly with added pioglitazone (12.4 ± 1.3 to 18.0 ± 3.2%) vs. no significant change with insulin alone (15.4 ± 1.2 to 14.5 ± 2.3%). There were no significant changes in the other parameters. Conclusion: In intensively insulin-treated obese type 2 diabetic patients, at equivalent glycaemic control, the addition of pioglitazone causes greater weight gain, but a similar increase in body water that is mainly extracellular and interstitial compared with intracellular increase with insulin therapy alone. Pioglitazone also increases the filtered load of sodium reabsorbed at the distal nephron with no net change in FeNa.
Peculiarities Associated with the Measurement of Oxides of Nitrogen Produced by Diffusion Flames

Abstract Three effects found during the measurement of oxides of nitrogen produced by liquid fuel diffusion flames are reported. In each experiment a diffusion flame at one atmosphere pressure was formed around a horizontal fuel wetted cylinder. In the first experiment a porous metal cylinder of 5.2 mm diameter was wetted by normal heptane and placed in a low velocity stream of ambient air. Soot escaping from the turbulent wake of the diffusion flame was deposited on the surfaces of a large collection system located above the flame. This collection system drew in all of the flame products plus some entrained ambient air. The soot was found to give off NO slowly at ambient temperature and more rapidly when healed. The NO from the soot amounted to 20 percent of the gas phase NO produced by the flame. In the second experiment, a quartz microprobe was used to take gas samples along a horizontal line perpendicular to the cylinder axis. The cause of high NO leadings indicated by the chemiluminescent analyzer fo...
An overhaul of Federal Reserve doctrine: Nominal income and the Great Moderation

Abstract The Great Moderation is often characterized by the decline in the variability of output and inflation from earlier periods. While a multitude of explanations for the Great Moderation exist, notable research has focused on the role of monetary policy. Specifically, early evidence suggested that this increased stability is the result of monetary policy that responded much more strongly to realized inflation. Recent evidence casts doubt on this change in monetary policy. An alternative hypothesis is that the change in monetary policy was the result of a change in doctrine; specifically the rejection of the view that inflation was largely a cost-push phenomenon. As a result, this alternative hypothesis suggests that the change in monetary policy beginning in 1979 is reflected in the Federal Reserve’s response to expectations of nominal income growth rather than realized inflation as previously argued. I provide evidence for this hypothesis by estimating the parameters of a monetary policy rule in which policy adjusts to forecasts of nominal GDP for the pre- and post-Volcker eras. Finally, I embed the rule in two dynamic stochastic general equilibrium models with gradual price adjustment to determine whether the overhaul of doctrine can explain the reduction in the volatility of inflation and the output gap.
Education for manufacturing industry: the rudimentary requirements from a student's viewpoint

Abstract There is much evidence that U.S. manufacturing is not responding to the global challenge to its manufacturing base. In addition, there are relatively few university graduates considering choosing operations management as a career. Of those who do make such a choice, many are not well-prepared. One possible reason for some of these problems lies in the fact that most programs of study are designed from the academic, rather than the students', point of view. Some common-sense suggestions to help alleviate these problems will be discussed.
Low Serum Selenium Is Associated with Anemia Among Older Women Living in the Community: The Women’s Health and Aging Studies I and II

Anemia is common among older adults, and a substantial proportion of anemia in the older population is of indeterminate cause. Low selenium levels have been associated with anemia in animals, but this relationship has not been well characterized in humans. The objective was to determine whether low serum selenium concentrations are associated with anemia among older women. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of participants in the Women's Health and Aging Studies, a population-based sample of women living in the community in Baltimore, MD, USA. Of 632 women, aged 70-79 yr, 14.1% of women were anemic (hemoglobin <120 g/L). The prevalence of anemia among women in the lowest to highest quartile of serum selenium was 22.4%, 14.6%, 11.9% and 6.6%, respectively (p < 0.0001). An increase in loge selenium was associated with a reduced risk of anemia (odds ratio per 1 SD increase = 0.63, 95% confidence interval = 0.47-0.84), adjusting for age, education, chronic diseases, iron status, and serum interleukin-6. We conclude that low serum selenium is independently associated with anemia among older women living in the community.
Seasonal Abundance of Aphid Vectors of Potato Virus Y in the Red River Valley of Minnesota and North Dakota

An epidemic of aphid-transmitted potato virus Y (PVY) in seed potato grown in the Red River Valley of Minnesota and North Dakota was the reason we began a study to determine which aphid species were found in traps placed near potato fields. Knowledge of which aphid species are present and which of these are known vectors of PVY is needed to develop management strategies that minimize virus spread. The spread of PVY to healthy indicator plants and captures of alate aphids in tile traps were monitored weekly for 3 yr consecutively (1992-1994) throughout the Red River Valley. Thirty-four aphid species were identified from green and yellow tile traps in 1992, 25 in 1993, and 26 in 1994. Yellow tile traps caught significantly more aphids overall than green tile traps and were significantly preferred by Aphis helianthi Monell, Capitophorus elaeagni (del Guercio), and Rhopalosiphummaidis (Fitch). Intervals of greatest aphid capture in green traps were generally between mid-July and mid-August at all sites in all 3 yr. Aphid captures at all sites were 3-25 times greater in 1992 and 1994 than in 1993. PVY infection of indicator plants exposed at the trapping sites also was greater in 1992 (25 plants) and 1994 (18 plants) than in 1993 (2 plants). Eighty-nine percent of PVY spread to indicator plants occurred between 8 July and 19 August. Eight species comprised 89.9% of the aphids collected in green traps during intervals of PVY transmission to indicator plants: Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), pea aphid; A. helianthi; C. elaeagni; Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach), turnip aphid; R. maidis , com leaf aphid; R. padi (L.), bird cherry-oat aphid; Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), greenbug; and Sitobion avenae (F.), English grain aphid. Seven of these species were previously known PVY vectors. We found that A. helianthi transmitted PVY with low efficiency under greenhouse conditions. The 8 most common aphid species were associated with crops and weeds common in the Red River Valley. Our data suggest that although the relative importance of individual PVY vectors varies from year to year and location by location, total aphid captures may be the best indicator of the risk of PVY spread.
Oxidation of γ-hydroxybutyrate to succinic semialdehyde by a mitochondrial pyridine nucleotide-independent enzyme

An antibody that inhibits over 95% of the cytosolic NADP+-dependent gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) dehydrogenase activity of either rat brain or kidney was found to inhibit only approximately 50% of the conversion of [1-14C]GHB to 14CO2 by rat kidney homogenate. A similar result was obtained with sodium valproate, a potent inhibitor of GHB dehydrogenase. The mitochondrial fraction from rat brain and kidney was found to catalyze the conversion of [1-14C]GHB to 14CO2. The dialyzed mitochondrial fraction also catalyzed the oxidation of GHB to succinic semialdehyde (SSA) in a reaction that did not require added NAD+ or NADP+ and which was not inhibited by sodium valproate. The enzyme from the mitochondrial fraction which converts GHB to SSA appears to be distinct from the NADP+-dependent cytosolic oxidoreductase which catalyzes this reaction.
Restriction Endonuclease Analysis of Mitochondrial DNA from Normal and Texas Cytoplasmic Male-Sterile Maize

Mitochondrial DNA from normal and cytoplasmic male-sterile maize was digested with restriction endonucleases RI from Escherichia coli or dIII from Hemophilus influenzae. Electrophoresis of resulting fragments revealed distinctions between the two cytoplasmic types. These distinctions suggest that factors responsible or cytoplasmic male sterility are located in the mitochondrial DNA, and that the mitochondrial genome is not inherited paternally.