cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Singular value decomposition and improved frequency estimation using linear prediction

Linear-prediction-based (LP) methods for fitting multiple-sinusoid signal models to observed data, such as the forward-backward (FBLP) method of Nuttall [5] and Ulrych and Clayton [6], are very ill-conditioned. The locations of estimated spectral peaks can be greatly affected by a small amount of noise because of the appearance of outliers. LP estimation of frequencies can be greatly improved at low SNR by singular value decomposition (SVD) of the LP data matrix. The improved performance at low SNR is also better than that obtained by using the eigenvector corresponding to the minimum eigenvalue of the correlation matrix, as is done in Pisarenko's method and its variants.
Diphenylhydantoin and brain-levels and 5-hydroxytryptamine.

IT has been demonstrated that the anti-epileptic drug, diphenylhydantoin (‘Phenytoin’), in rats is capable of inhibiting the pituitary–adrenal system, preventing the usual depletion of adrenal ascorbic acid by such stresses as unilateral adrenalectomy, intravenous vasopressin and subcutaneous epinephrine1
A low cost research platform for modeling and control of multi-input multi-output fractional order dynamic systems

This paper introduces a low cost temperature control experimental platform for hardware-in-the-loop simulations. It is developed based on the thermal electronic elements to emulate a temperature control loop in a chemical process. The novel aspect lies in the discovery and discussion of some interesting characteristics of this hardware setup through experiments, which includes the fractional order inverse response behavior, the “open loop linear while closed loop nonlinear” behavior and so forth. These phenomena provide more physical evidences for revealing the value of fractional calculus.
The crystal and molecular structure of N-[2-(Chloromercuri)ethyl]diethylamine

Abstract The crystal structure of N-[2-(chloromercuri)ethyl]diethylamine, (CH3CH2)2NCH2CH2HgCl, has been determined by X-ray diffraction. The crystals are monoclinic, of space group P21/n; cell dimensions, a = 8.509(4)A, b = 17.052(7)A, c = 6.306(2) A, β = 95.82(15)°. There are 4 molecules per unit cell. With refinement to give R = 0.056, the interatomic distances and angles are CHg, 2.13(3)A; HgCl, 2.36(1)A; CHgCl = 167.1(8)°. The intermolecular NHg distance of 2.77(2)A is less than the Van der Waals contact distance.
The Ages and Masses of the Stars

IN his article on “The Ages and Masses of the Stars” (NATURE, December 6, 1924), Dr. J. H. Jeans, to account for the source of stellar radiation, considers the possibility of positive and negative charges falling together, annihilating each other, and passing away “in a blaze of glory,” thus setting free enormous amounts of “sub-electronic” energy. Proceeding, he says, “Nothing in the suggestion appears to conflict with modern atomic physics” and gives his reasons.
Experimental feasibility study of the application of magnetic suspension techniques to large-scale aerodynamic test facilities

Based on the premises that magnetic suspension techniques can play a useful role in large scale aerodynamic testing, and that superconductor technology offers the only practical hope for building large scale magnetic suspensions, an all-superconductor 3-component magnetic suspension and balance facility was built as a prototype and tested sucessfully. Quantitative extrapolations of design and performance characteristics of this prototype system to larger systems compatible with existing and planned high Reynolds number facilities at Langley Research Center were made and show that this experimental technique should be particularly attractive when used in conjunction with large cryogenic wind tunnels.
Properties of optimal service life under technological change

Abstract The authors develop a new approach to model the optimal policies of machine replacement under technological change. They consider a single-machine replacement problem in continuous time and reduce it to a nonlinear integral equation for the variable optimal service life of machine. A qualitative analysis of this equation leads to new dynamic properties of the optimal replacement. A numeric example on industrial data about car replacement illustrates obtained analytic results. It confirms the validity and robustness of the developed technique and demonstrates its practical advantages.
Indeterminacy in the subject access to documents

Abstract Subject access to documents is influenced by two kinds of indeterminacy: the indeterminacy of the indexer's selection of indexing descriptors and the indeterminacy of the inquirer's selection of search terms. The possibility of successful retrieval depends on how these two indeterminacies interact. Five types of interaction are discussed and a change in the traditional method of subject searching is suggested as a way of reducing the effect of one of these two indeterminacies and of avoiding those types of interactions where the retrieval of the desired document(s) is impossible.
Diversity-Multiplexing Gain Trade-off of a MIMO System with Relays

We find the diversity-multiplexing gain trade-off of a multiple-antenna (MIMO) system with M transmit antennas, N receive antennas, R relay nodes, and with independent Rayleigh fading, in which the relays apply a distributed space-time code. In this two-stage scheme the trade-off is shown to coincide with that of a MIMO system with R transmit and min{M,N} receive antennas.
Alternating Ethene/Propene Copolymerization with a Metallocene Catalyst.

A small variation in the substituent R' on the metallocene catalyst employed in the copolymerization of ethene and propene leads to a highly alternating (81-83%) structure (1) rather than a statistical copolymer. Such copolymers were until recently only accessible by hydrogenation of polyisoprene or 1,4-poly(pentadiene).
Childhood brachial plexus neuropathy.

ALTHOUGH SEVERAL REPORTS of brachial plexus neuropathy in adults include younger patients?-' Shaywitz' description 3 is the single report dealing with the disorder in childhood. The principal features of BPN include: (1) occurrence in young and middle-age adults: (2) acute onset of pain, weakness, and atrophy about one or both shoulder girdles: (3) electromyographi c evidence of denervation of muscles innervated by the upper brachial plexus without roentgenographic or cerebrospinal fluid abnormalities: (4) gradual, usually complete recovery following months of disability; and (5) presumed link with viral or autoimmune etiology since many patients describe antecedent febrile illness or injection of
Analysis of Design from a Community of Practice Dialogue: Negotiating the Meaning of Auditing Information System Development

A persistent question associated with theories of situated learning is how to put them into action. The concept of situated learning, in which the learner and the task are placed in the context of the overall social practice, stems from Lave (1988) and Lave et al.'s (1988) recognition that a traditional view of learning as the end result of a process of transmitting knowledge is inadequate. Instead, they propose looking at learning from the learner's perspective and viewing learning as a continuous process in which what is learned depends on what has been learned before and the context in which the learner is immersed—a process known as “legitimate peripheral participation” (Lave and Wenger 1991). This paper explains how a situated‐learning experience was operationalized in a context in which the learners' task was to develop a plan for auditing the development of a dysfunctional information system. It identifies and analyzes the situated learning from the viewpoint of dimensions of educational design ass...
Partially shared variables and hierarchical shared memory multiprocessor architectures

Latency and synchronization overheads have been identified as two fundamental problems in large-scale shared memory multiprocessors. The notion of partial sharing of variables is introduced, and architectures based on hierarchical memories which exploit this notion of partial sharing to reduce the latency and synchronization overheads significantly are suggested. A particular class of architectures, the tree structure, hierarchical memory multiprocessor architectures (THMMs), is examined by suggesting an implementation and considering the execution and the performance of several well-known applications such as matrix multiplication, solution of partial differential equations, solution of linear recurrence relations, barrier synchronization, and reduction operations. Speedup and cost figures for these examples are compared when executing on the THMM and on a conventional memory multiprocessor. >
Simultaneous measurement of tyrosine, tryptophan and related monoamines for determination of neurotransmitter turnover in discrete rat brain regions by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection

Concomitant measurement of monoamine neurotransmitter turnover in discrete rat brain areas with the use of radiolabeled amino acid precursors permits simultaneous evaluation of interacting transmitter systems. [3H]Tyrosine and [3H]tryptophan were administered via indwelling catheters to unrestrained rats. Content and specific activity of norepinephrine, dopamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and the metabolites dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, homovanillic acid, and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in addition to tyrosine and tryptophan were quantified by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection and liquid scintillation counting. The method employs a simple extraction procedure without prior cleanup for chromatography. Neurotransmitter turnover rates that incorporated tyrosine- or tryptophan-specific activities were found to be two to four times greater than those that did not include them.
Population dynamics in two-patch environments: some anomalous consequences of an optimal habitat distribution

Abstract The effect of dispersal on population size and stability is explored for a population that disperses passively between two discrete habitat patches. Two basic models are considered. In the first model, a single population experiences density-dependent growth in both patches. A graphical construction is presented which allows one to determine the spatial pattern of abundance at equilibrium for most reasonable growth models and rates of dispersal. It is shown under rather general conditions that this equilibrium is unique and globally stable. In the second model, the dispersing population is a food-limited predator that occurs in both a source habitat (which contains a prey population) and a sink habitat (which does not). Passive dispersal between source and sink habitats can stabilize an otherwise unstable predator-prey interaction. The conditions allowing this are explored in some detail. The theory of optimal habitat selection predicts the evolutionarily stable distribution of a population, given that individuals can freely move among habitats so as to maximize individual fitness. This theory is used to develop a heuristic argument for why passive dispersal should always be selectively disadvantageous (ignoring kin effects) in a spatially heterogeneous but temporally constant environment. For both the models considered here, passive dispersal may lead to a greater number of individuals in both habitats combined than if there were no dispersal. This implies that the evolution of an optimal habitat distribution may lead to a reduction in population size; in the case of the predator-prey model, it may have the additional effect of destabilizing the interaction. The paper concludes with a discussion of the disparate effects habitat selection might have on the geographical range occupied by a species.
A monoclonal antibody reactive with normal and leukemic human myeloid progenitor cells

Anti-MY9 is an IgG2b murine monoclonal antibody selected for reactivity with immature normal human myeloid cells. The MY9 antigen is expressed by blasts, promyelocytes and myelocytes in the bone marrow, and by monocytes in the peripheral blood. Erythrocytes, lymphocytes and platelets are MY9 negative. All myeloid colony-forming cells (CFU-GM), a fraction of erythroid burst-forming cells (BFU-E) and multipotent progenitors (CFU-GEMM) are MY9 positive. This antigen is further expressed by the leukemic cells of a majority of patients with AML and myeloid CML-BC. Leukemic stem cells (leukemic colony-forming cells, L-CFC) from most patients tested were also MY9 positive. In contrast, MY9 was not detected on lymphocytic leukemias. Anti-MY9 may be a valuable reagent for the purification of hematopoietic colony-forming cells and for the diagnosis of myeloid-lineage leukemias.
High-resolution electrospray ionization fourier transform mass spectrometry with infrared multiphoton dissociation of glucokinase from Bacillus stearothermophilus

Glucokinase (GK, EC 2.7.1.2), a member of the enzyme family of hexokinases, has been shown to be linked to maturity-onset diabetes of the young type II (MODY-2). Although nucleotide and amino acid sequence information are available for the human varieties, they are not known for the variety from Bacillus stearothermophilus, which is often used in protein binding studies. Here, a combination of electrospray Fourier transform mass spectrometry (FTMS) and infrared multiphoton dissociation (IRMPD) is used to obtain accurate molecular weight and preliminary amino acid sequence information for the protein. Electrospray FTMS provides evidence of a solution phase dimer. In addition, dithiothreitol reduction shows no shift in high-resolution isotopic distributions, indicating a probable absence of disulfide bonds in the protein. The partial sequence information obtained from IRMPD could be the basis for creating a DNA probe for the protein.
A study of iron and manganese transformations at the O2S(-II) transition layer in a eutrophic lake (Lake Bret, Switzerland): A multimethod approach

Abstract The usefulness of an analytical scheme based on the simultaneous use of various analytical methods (differential pulse polarography, colorimetry, atomic absorption, and filtration) for the study of Fe and Mn species at a mid-water O 2 H 2 S redox transition layer has been investigated. The relative abundance of particulate, colloidal and electroactive species as well as their redox state has been determined, across the interfacial zone. The relevance of polarographic results in unmodified anoxic lake water was tested by performing measurements both directly in the field and the laboratory after sample storage. Significant differences in the signals of Fe(II) and S(-II) species have been observed. The concentration of manganese oxyhydroxide (MnOx was measured using three different analytical techniques and the results suggest that natural lacustrine MnOx contains a reactive and a less reactive fraction. Use of the multimethod approach, has enabled us to demonstrate a spatially well resolved chemical make-up of the water strata at the transition layer and peaked profiles for dissolved Mn(II) and particulate and colloidal Fe(III) and Mn(IV) species. The most probable reactions between O2, Mn(II)/Mn(IV), Fe(II)/Fe(III) and S(-II) are discussed on the basis of these results.
Clinical skills verification, formative feedback, and psychiatry residency trainees

The authors describe the implementation of Clinical Skills Verification (CSV) in their program as an in-training assessment intended primarily to provide formative feedback to trainees, strengthen the supervisory experience, identify the need for remediation of interviewing skills, and secondarily to demonstrating resident competence for American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology (ABPN) certification in Psychiatry. The authors review the background and context of the implementation of CSV, and describe how the experience is structured within their residency program. The authors have embedded CSV experiences into clinical rotations across all years of residency training, aiming to complete 6–12 evaluations for each resident in each year. The authors provide training to faculty regarding supervision and formative feedback, including interrater reliability sessions for the CSV assessment. Effective incorporation of the CSV assessment into regular clinical settings can improve clinical supervision, residents’ training experience, and the field’s ability to consistently produce qualified, competent psychiatrists.
Effects of experimentally induced hyperlysinemia on maze learning in mice.

Abstract The experiment was designed to test effects of experimentally induced hyperlysinemia on maze learning ability in the mouse. Six% L-lysine was placed in the drinking water during gestation, and/or during nursing and/or during postweaning in a factorial combination. The young were tested at 40 days of age in a water-escape T maze. A week later all animals were retested for retention. Findings revealed that overloads of lysine resulted in temporary impairment, but permanent impairment occurred only if excess lysine was administered during gestation. Biochemical analysis revealed a sharp decrease in urea nitrogen in the urine, and a blood ammonia and lysine increase.
Subclinical varicella-zoster virus viremia, herpes zoster, and T lymphocyte immunity to varicella-zoster viral antigens after bone marrow transplantation.

Bone marrow transplant (BMT) recipients were evaluated for subclinical varicella-zoster virus (VZV) viremia and symptoms of herpes zoster after transplantation. Viremia was demonstrated by testing peripheral blood mononuclear cells using polymerase chain reaction and was documented in 19% of 37 patients. When reactivation was defined as herpes zoster and/or subclinical VZV viremia, 41% of VZV-seropositive BMT recipients experienced VZV reactivation. None of 12 patients tested before VZV reactivation had T lymphocyte proliferation to VZV antigen (mean stimulation index, 1.0 +/- 0.42 [SD] at less than 100 days; 12.0 +/- 6.03 at greater than 100 days [P = .003]). Among patients tested at greater than 100 days, 5 (63%) of 8 with detectable T cell proliferation had subclinical or clinical VZV reactivation compared with none of 6 who lacked VZV T cell responses. Recovery of VZV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte function was observed in 50% of BMT patients, but BMT recipients had significantly fewer circulating cytotoxic T lymphocytes that recognized VZV immediate early protein (P = .03) or glycoprotein I (P = .004) than did healthy VZV immune subjects. In vivo reexposure to VZV antigens due to subclinical VZV viremia or symptomatic VZV reactivation may explain the recovery of virus-specific T cell immunity after BMT.
Introduction to the Special Issue: Ethical Issues Relevant to the Child Custody Evaluation Process

According to Dr. Bram Fridhandler, the Chair of the California Psychological Association's Ethics Committee, “Mental health professionals often have an enormous impact on children and parents in th...
A spatial frequency dependent grating-induction effect

An inducing field containing a vertical sinewave luminance grating which surrounds a test field of similar space-average luminance induces within the homogeneous test field the appearance of a second sinewave grating of equal spatial frequency, but of opposite phase. The perceived contrast of the induced grating in the test field, as measured by a cancellation technique, can reach 90% that of the actual luminance contrast of the inducing grating. The perceived contrast of the induced grating decreases with increases in the spatial frequency of the inducing grating, and with increases in the dimension of the test field parallel to the orientation of the inducing grating. Square wave inducing gratings produce weaker induction effects than sinewave inducing gratings of the same spatial frequency and contrast. Additional observations indicate that the neural locus of this induction effect is cortical, lying at or beyond the level of spatial frequency selective channels.
Neoplasia with use of intrauterine devices

Abstract Background One of the mechanisms by which intrauterine devices (IUDs) prevent pregnancy is the creation of a sterile inflammatory response in the endometrium. Additionally, hormone-releasing IUDs or intrauterine systems (IUSs) release progestins or progesterone into the uterus. Both of these mechanisms may affect users' risk for neoplasia. Study Design We searched the PubMed database for studies on IUD use and risk for neoplasia conducted between 1960 and September 2006 and published in all languages. We excluded case reports and case series. For the association between ever using an IUD and risk for endometrial cancer, we conducted a meta-analysis using a Bayesian random-effects model to account for between-study heterogeneity. Results We found no evidence of increased risk for neoplasia with IUD use. Nine case–control studies and one cohort study found reduced risks for endometrial cancer with having ever used an IUD (pooled adjusted odds ratio=0.6, 95% confidence interval=0.4–0.7). No trend in associations was observed with characteristics of IUD use, type of IUD and histologic type of cancer. Four case–control studies found no association between IUD use and risk for cervical cancer. One study found no increased incidence of breast cancer among levonorgestrel-releasing IUS users as compared with the general population in Finland. Finally, three studies found no association between IUD use and occurrence of hydatidiform moles or malignant sequelae. Conclusions Use of an IUD does not appear to increase the risk for neoplasia. While nearly all studies found that IUD use was associated with a decreased risk for endometrial cancer, it remains unclear whether this association is causal.
Pharmacogenomics of systemic antifungal agents

The genomic era offers a multitude of new technologies that may make the promise of personalized medicine a reality for patients in this century. Numerous new antifungal agents have been developed over the past two decades, but use of these agents requires optimization of pharmacokinetics and dosing to achieve efficacy and minimize toxicity. This article reviews the potential application of pharmacogenomics to the use of antifungal agents, highlighting genetic variation that may affect absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination of these compounds.
Cytogenetic and isozymic characterization of anther-panicle culture derived tall fescue aneuploids

Chromosome associations of 44 tall fescue (Festuca arundinaceaSchreb., 2n=6x=42) plants derived from anther-panicle culture of ‘Kentucky 31’ were evaluated to determine if new genetic stocks could be identified. Seventeen of the plants were euploids (21 II), two were monosomic (20II+1I), 22 were double monosomic (19II+2I) and three were triple monosomic (18II+3I). Zymograms were obtained for phosphoglucoisomerase (PGI), glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), acid phosphatase (ACPH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-PGD). The zymograms were identical for GOT, ACPH, and 6-PGD but different patterns were found for MDH and PGI in some of the double monosomics and euploids from a different piece of callus than the majority of the plants.
THE ACCUMULATION OF ELECTROLYTES : I. THE ENTRANCE OF AMMONIA INTO VALONIA MACROPHYSA.

When 0.005 M NH4Cl is added to sea water containing cells of Valonia macrophysa ammonia soon appears in the sap and may reach a concentration inside over 40 times as great as outside. It appears to enter as undissociated NH3 (or NH4OH) and tends to reach a pseudoequilibrium in which the activity of undissociated NH3 (or NH4OH) is the same inside and outside. When ammonia first enters, the pH value of the sap rapidly rises but it soon reaches a maximum and subsequently falls off. At the same time there is an increase of halide in the sap which, however, does not run a parallel course to the ammonia accumulation, but it comes to a new equilibrium value and remains constant. The increase in NH3 in the sap is accompanied by a decrease in the concentration of K. As NH3 enters the specific gravity of the sap decreases and the cells rise to the surface and continue to grow as floating organisms. The growth of the cells is increased.
NOTES-Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery: Why not?

Since natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) was first described by Anthony Kalloo, it has attracted tremendous interest from surgeons and gastroenterologist all around the world. This special issue of the World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery explores the current possibilities and future potential of the most disruptive revolution in the field of surgery represented by the NOTES approach. In the future, new technologies developed for this approach and deeper insight into several gastrointestinal diseases will lead to the design of completely new interventional procedures and change the way we will operate, bringing us to the previously unimaginable goal of “no scar surgery”.
Occurrence of New Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Males After HIV Diagnosis

Risk reduction following an HIV diagnosis is important for controlling the epidemic. The objective of this retrospective cohort study of 6,965 HIV-positive males was to evaluate the joint risk of new reportable STDs in males after HIV diagnosis by race/ethnicity and risk behavior. This investigation linked HIV case reports with STD surveillance, clinical care and laboratory datasets to determine new STD acquisition in HIV positive individuals.Compared to White MSM with high care engagement,Black MSM had a significantly higher rate of new reportable STDs for the full time period after HIV diagnosis, B1 year after diagnosis, and[1 year after diagnosis. High HIV care engagement was not as protective against new STD acquisition for Black MSM as it was for White MSM and reasons for this health disparity should be explored.
Skein related links in 3-manifolds

Abstract This paper addresses two problems in the skein theory of homotopy spheres first posed by P. Traczyk. Solutions to both problems are obtained for a large class of manifolds and, since one of the basic techniques used requires the first homology group of the ambient manifold to be torsion free, the extent to which this hypothesis is actually necessary is further explored.
A micro-pitting model for spur gear contacts

This paper proposes a physics-based model to predict the micro-pitting behavior on contact surfaces of spur gears operating under the mixed lubrication condition. The transient mixed elastohydrodynamic lubrication model of Li and Kahraman [1] developed for spur gears is employed to predict surface normal and tangential tractions, capturing the transient effects associated with the time-varying contact radii, surface velocities and normal tooth force. A new boundary element formulation for line contacts of rough surfaces is formulated to compute the multi-axial stress fields, taking into account the influences of surface roughness topography on localized stress concentrations. A multi-axial fatigue criterion is implemented to evaluate micro-pitting fatigue lives according to the stress histories and material fatigue strength. A micro-pitting severity index (MSI), defined as the ratio of micro-pitted area to the entire contact area, is used to quantify micro-pitting activity. Applying the proposed model to an example spur gear pair, the progression of micro-pits on tooth surface is demonstrated.
A dual-polarized cylindrical conformal array antenna suitable for unmanned aerial vehicles

A dual-polarized X-band conformal array antenna is presented for unmanned aerial vehicles with polarimetric radars/sensors. Starting from the planar structure, the array antenna consisted of sixteen 2 × 2 subarrays is conformal to the cylinders with various curvature radii to fit the payload box of the airborne vehicle. The return losses are almost constant even if the curvature radius changes. Measured radiation patterns are compared with various curvatures at the same frequencies. The array can be easily placed on the aircraft payload or fuselage due to its ultra thin thickness, ultra lightweight, and conformal structure, which has potential airborne applications in polarimetric radar surveillance, remote sensing, and wireless communications. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dual HDL/total Cholesterol Test: A Single-Tube, Homogeneous Assay for Sequential Measurement of HDL Cholesterol and Total Cholesterol

The quantitation of cholesterol in lipoprotein subfractions is valuable in estimating the risk for coronary artery disease, but requires multiple tests. We describe a relatively simple procedure, referred to as the dual HDL/total cholesterol (DHT) assay, which allows the sequential measurement of HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) and total cholesterol (total-C) in a single tube. HDL-C is first measured using a homogeneous assay that utilizes an anti-apolipoprotein B [apo(B)] antibody, which sterically blocks the enzymatic measurement of cholesterol on the non-HDL subfractions. Next, deoxycholate is added, which disrupts the antibody-apo(B) complex and allows the subsequent enzymatic measurement of the remaining cholesterol in the non-HDL subfractions. The DHT assay has an acceptable analytical performance and yields results similar to standard methods: for HDL-C, y(DHT) = 0.98x + 0.19, r=0.90; for total-C, y(DHT) = 1.11x - 0.09, r=0.99. In summary, the DHT assay is a homogeneous assay for both HDL-C and total-C, and provides a simple and cost-effective method for screening for hyperlipidaemia.
The More Things Change... American Identity and Mass and Elite Responses to 9/11

This article examines conceptions of American national identity by contrasting Americans' responses to the Pearl Harbor attack in 1941 with their responses to the terrorist attacks in 2001. Examinations of official rhetoric, mass media statements, and public opinion polls after Pearl Harbor and after 9/11 reveal changes as well as continuities in the relationship between conceptions of national identity and responses to experiencing threat in the face of diversity. Lingering ascriptivist views have been awakened by 9/11, yet this narrow image of American identity is being directly challenged by a more inclusive incorporationist tradition. This clash of symbolic conceptions of national identity results in divergence between elite rhetoric and mass opinion, with elites promoting incorporationism and ordinary citizens displaying the reawakening of ascriptivist norms. Language: en
Corrections to published information about atmospheric attenuation between 10 GHz and 1 THz

Atmospheric attenuation is one of the most significant factors in limiting the performance of millimeter-wave and terahertz systems. Although atmospheric propagation is fairly well understood up to 1 THz, major errors have been published in numerous locations showing atmospheric propagation at frequencies from 10 GHz to 1 THz. Some of these errors have been reported in the past by the present author. The topic was also reviewed in an invited plenary presentation by Bruce Wallace at the 2006 SPIE Defense and Security Symposium in Orlando. Several cases are discussed here, involving clear-air conditions, rain, and fog. In one example, the attenuation at 4 km elevation has been mislabeled as 9150 m (or 30,000 feet) for the 10 to 400 GHz range. This error has appeared in several journal articles, vendors' catalogs, short-course notes, and a recently-published book. In another case the attenuation peak near 22.3 GHz (due to water vapor absorption) has been plotted at 20 GHz. The third case deals with errors pertaining to attenuation in fog for frequencies between 10 and 1000 GHz. Specific information and corrections will be given for all three cases. The net result of these errors is that development of sensor and communications applications has been impeded because the errors usually make atmospheric losses appear to be greater than they really are.
Efficient solution of the matroid product problem

The matroid product problem is to find a base of a matroid which maximizes the product of the weights of the elements in the base, where element weights can be negative as well as positive. In this paper we connect the problem to the more general matroid selection problem, and use general theorems about the selection problem to efficiently solve the matroid product problem.
Synthesis and analysis of transformer-isolated converters

A systematic and straightforward procedure is developed for the synthesis and analysis of transformer-isolated power converters. The procedure can be used to determine the ranges of duty-ratio over which the transformer-isolated power converters of a given class can be operated without transformer saturation. The procedure can also be used to study the dependence of the power converter switch stresses on duty-ratios. This information is useful in the selection of the transformer-isolated power converter most suitable for a given application and in the design of this power converter with minimum switch stresses, high power density, and low cost. >
Theory-driven Evaluation in Action: Lessons from a $20 Million Statewide Work and Health Initiative

Abstract Despite the burgeoning literature explicating the benefits of theory-driven program development and evaluation, there remains a strong need for practical advice, written insights and experiences, and examples from evaluation practice illustrating how to implement this approach. The purpose of this paper is to move the field closer to a concrete understanding of the strengths, limitations, and challenges of implementing theory-driven program development and evaluation in modern human service organizations. This is accomplished by describing the evaluation process, resulting program theories, and lessons learned from the evaluation a five year, $20 million statewide Work and Health Initiative.
Trzchoderma SPP. as Plant-Growth Stimulants

Analyse des effets sur differentes plantes, de l'inoculation du sol avec le champignon. Influence de la quantite d'inoculum, de l'environnement et des caracteristiques de la plante. Analyse des mecanismes conduisant a la stimulation de la croissance (production par Trichoderma de substance de croissance, inhibition de microorganismes phytopathogenes). Techniques d'inoculation du sol
Making Space for Religion in Internet Studies

This article seeks to address how religion fits into the larger domain of Internet studies and why studies of religion within computer-mediated communication (CMC) need to be given more attention. An argument is made for the need to take religion online more seriously, not just because it is an interesting phenomenon or a popular use of the Internet, but also because religion continues to be an important part of contemporary life for many people. A summary of the growth and development of religion online is presented along with an overview of how religion has been approached and studied on the Internet. This review shows what CMC studies of religion might offer in approaching research questions related to authority, identity construction, and community online. It calls for recognition of the contribution, and possibilities that underrepresented areas within interdisciplinary research, like religion, might offer Internet studies as a whole.
THE EFFECTS OF INTRAVENOUS INJECTIONS OF DICHLOROETHYLSULFIDE IN RABBITS, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ITS LEUCOTOXIC ACTION

1. The lethal dose of dichloroethylsulfide (distilled from a German yellow cross shell), when injected intravenously into rabbits is from 0.005 to 0.01 gm. per kilo. 2. Rabbits dying within 24 hours showed extensive hemorrhages, and edema of the lungs. 3. Severe lesions of the intestinal tract were present in about one-third of the rabbits. 4. Dichloroethylsulfide injected intravenously is specifically poisonous for the hematopoietic tissues. Severe lesions are caused in the bone marrow, and the number of circulating leucocytes is markedly deminished. In animals surviving the injection regeneration occurs. The granular cells of the bone marrow seem to be more sensitive than the lymphoid cells and the erythrocytes. 5. The effect upon the blood and hematopoietic tissues is not due to the admixture of nitrobenzene or chlorobenzene in the shell filling. Injection of these substances in animals in amounts many times greater than the total dose of dichloroethylsulfide used produced no changes in the blood picture, and the subsequent injection of dichloroethylsulfide free from these solvents produced a typical reaction.
Evaluation of convolutional neural networks for visual recognition

Convolutional neural networks provide an efficient method to constrain the complexity of feedforward neural networks by weight sharing and restriction to local connections. This network topology has been applied in particular to image classification when sophisticated preprocessing is to be avoided and raw images are to be classified directly. In this paper two variations of convolutional networks-neocognitron and a modification of neocognitron-are compared with classifiers based on fully connected feedforward layers with respect to their visual recognition performance. For a quantitative experimental comparison with standard classifiers two very different recognition tasks have been-chosen: handwritten digit recognition and face recognition. In the first example, the generalization of convolutional networks is compared to fully connected networks; in the second example human face recognition is investigated under constrained and variable conditions, and the limitations of convolutional networks are discussed.
An Algorithm for Enhanced Situation Awareness for Trajectory Performance Management

An Autonomous Flight Manager (AFM) is an integral and necessary component to achieve NASA’s goal of safe and precise landing to extend exploration beyond Low Earth Orbit. This goal includes reduced interaction with mission operations unlike those present during the Apollo era. To that end, the cr ew’s situation awareness of the vehicle’s performance with regard to executing a predefined descent trajectory is critical. The Multi State Excursion Assessment (MSEA) algorithm is a central component in providing this situation awareness by monitoring designated trajectory parameters as defined in a mission profile, which is outside the scope of traditional guidance algorithm functionality . During the mission, the MSEA algorithm compares real-time updates of the current trajectory state with parameter specific thresholds dictating nominal performance. The algorithm fuses this information into a composite assessment of the traversed trajectory versus the predefined nominal trajectory. The assessment includes a projection of emergent trends leading to imminent violation of the prescribed trajectory. Through the use of the MSEA algorithm, the AFM significantly reduces the crew’s monitoring responsibilities by providing them with an assessment of current and future mission performance, which alleviates the n eed to monitor and assess the individual performance parameters manually.
CLASSIFICATION OF CLOSED NONORIENTABLE 4-MANIFOLDS WITH INFINITE CYCLIC FUNDAMENTAL GROUP

Closed, connected, nonorientable, topological 4-manifolds with infinite cyclic fundamental group are classified. The classification is an extension of results of Freedman and Quinn and of Kreck. The stable classification of such 4-manifolds is also obtained.
Explaining corruption: are open countries less corrupt?

This paper analyses whether the presence of barriers to international trade and capital flows is associated with higher corruption. The evidence suggests that the main impact of trade barriers on corruption comes through the incentive to collusive behaviors between individuals and customs officials, rather than from the decreased foreign competition pressure on the domestic sector induced by restrictive trade policy. Interestingly, no clear association emerges between corruption and variables proxying for presence and intensity of controls on capital flows. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cell shape changes and transmembrane receptor uncoupling induced by tertiary amine local anesthetics

Tertiary amine local anesthetics (dibucaine, tetracaine, procaine, etc.) modify cell morphology, concanavalin A (Con A)-mediated agglutinability and redistribution of Con A receptors. Con A agglutination of untransformed mouse 3T3 cells was enhanced at low concentrations of local anesthetics, and the dynamics of fluorescent-Con A indicated that ligand-induced clustering was increased in the presence of the drugs. In contast, these drugs inhibited Con A-induced receptor capping on mouse spleen cells. These effects can be duplicated by combinations of vinblastine (or colchicine) and cytochalasin B suggesting that local anesthetics act on microtubule and microfilament assemblies which are involved in the trans-membrane control of cell surface receptor mobility and distribution. It is proposed that tertiary amine local anesthetics displace plasma membrane-bound Ca2+, resulting in disengagement of microfilament systems from the plasma membrane and increased cellular Ca2+ concentration to levels which disrupt microtubular organization. The possible involvement of cellular Ca2+ in cytoskeletal destruction by local anesthetics was investigated utilizing Ca2+-specific ionophores A23187 and X537A. In media containing Ca2+ and cytochalasin B these ionophores caused effects similar to tertiary amine local anesthetics.
Myths of the Market Economics and the Environment

Adam Smith's farmworker paradox reflects the fact that those who do the most essential work in society earn the least, just as his diamonds and water paradox revolves around the low valuation that markets place on essential resources. This article explores the perverse economic logic that leaves markets to run roughshod over both humanity and nature. It also explores how economists either attempted to come to grips with or, more commonly, sought to either avoid or justify this phenomenon.
Turning acne on/off via mTORC1

Over the past 10 years, the increase in comprehension of the mechanisms behind acne has been truly exponential. Starting with the ethnological work of Cordain, accelerated by the epidemiological work of Adebamowo, supported by the clinical trials of Smith and Mann, Kwon, DiLandro and others, the interface of diet and acne is coming into focus. Melnik now presents an exceptional pair of papers that illustrate for dermatologists what translational research is all about. The Western diet, the role of dairy, FoxO1 and mTORC1, the interplay of agonists and antagonists, therapeutics present and future - the jigsaw puzzle is coming together.
Coupling impedance in modern accelerators

A systematic review of theoretical results for the longitudinal and transverse impedances obtained by different methods is presented. Definitions, general theorems, modal analysis, diffraction model, and analytical results comprise the content of the paper. Several new results are included. In particular, necessary and sufficient conditions for the independence of the impedance on the beam longitudinal direction are given. The impedances of two basic simple structures---that of a cavity and that of a step---are studied in detail. The transition from the regime of a cavity to the regime of a step is explained, an approximate formula describing this transition is given, and the criterion for determining the applicability of each regime is established. The asymptotic behavior of the impedance for a finite number $M$ of periodically arranged cavities as a function of $M$ is studied. The difference in the behavior of the impedance for a single cavity and that for an infinite number of cavities is explained as the result of the interference of the diffracted waves. A criterion for determining the transition in the impedance behavior from small $M$ to large $M$ is presented.
Learning low-rank kernel matrices

Kernel learning plays an important role in many machine learning tasks. However, algorithms for learning a kernel matrix often scale poorly, with running times that are cubic in the number of data points. In this paper, we propose efficient algorithms for learning low-rank kernel matrices; our algorithms scale linearly in the number of data points and quadratically in the rank of the kernel. We introduce and employ Bregman matrix divergences for rank-deficient matrices---these divergences are natural for our problem since they preserve the rank as well as positive semi-definiteness of the kernel matrix. Special cases of our framework yield faster algorithms for various existing kernel learning problems. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithms in learning both low-rank and full-rank kernels.
Impact of program transformation on software reliability assessment

The statistical sampling method is a theoretically sound approach for measuring the reliability of safety critical software, such as control systems for nuclear power plants, aircrafts, space vehicles, etc. It has, however some practical drawbacks, two of which are the large number of test cases needed to attain a reasonable confidence in the reliability estimate and the sensitivity of the reliability estimate to variations in the operational profile. One way of dealing with both of these issues is to combine statistical sampling with formal methods and attempt to verify complete program paths. This combination becomes especially effective if high usage paths are verified. However the verification of complete paths is difficult to perform in practice and viable only when there is a high confidence in the correctness of the specification. We identify program transformations and partial proofs which have a measurable impact on the reliability assessment procedure. These methods reduce the effective size of the input space which can facilitate sampling without replacement, thereby increasing the confidence in the reliability estimate. Furthermore, these techniques increase the probability that the program under test is free of errors if testing reveals no failures.
Spermatogenesis in a "pan-hypopituitary" eunuchoid, as the result of testosterone therapy.

FOLLOWING the report of Walsh, Cuyler and McCullagh (2) that androgen administration resulted in stimulation of the germinal epithelium of the seminiferous tubules, numerous papers have appeared verifying and amplifying this observation. Recently Simpson and Evans (1) reported active spermatogenesis in rats hypophysectomized at 40 days of age, and then injected with testosterone propionate. To the best of our knowledge, there are no reports showing a similar train of events in humans. We wish, at this time, to report testosterone-induced spermatogenesis in a 25 year old male showing both laboratory and clinical evidence of “panhypopituitarism,” using the term in a very broad sense. CLINICAL AND LABORATORY DATA Patient, E. N., age 24, was first seen (through the courtesy of Dr. Herbert Evans) in August, 1946, at which time his major complaint was that of relative dwarfism and complete sexual infantilism. His past medical history was essentially negative. He weighed 8½ pounds at birth and grew normally unti...
DEQUALINIUM INDUCES A SELECTIVE DEPLETION OF MITOCHONDRIAL DNA FROM HELA HUMAN CERVICAL CARCINOMA CELLS

Treatment of cultured human cervical carcinoma cells with the anticancer drug dequalinium (DEQ) was found to cause a delayed inhibition of cell growth. This inhibition was preceded by a loss of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), a decrease in cytochrome c oxidase activity, and an increase in the level of lactate, indicating that growth inhibition was due to the loss of mtDNA-encoded functions. There was a progressive two-fold loss of mtDNA following each cell division in the presence of DEQ, suggesting that this drug was acting by inhibiting some aspect of mtDNA synthesis. Furthermore, cells became resistant to the growth inhibitory and cytotoxic affects of DEQ when they were grown under conditions that bypassed the need for mtDNA-encoded functions. Resistance was not associated with significant changes in drug accumulation. These results suggest that the DEQ-induced depletion of mtDNA plays an important role in drug cytotoxicity.