cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Behavior problems in postinstitutionalized internationally adopted children

Using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), the rate and type of behavior problems associated with being reared in an institution prior to adoption were examined in 1,948, 4- through 18-year-old internationally adopted children, 899 of whom had experienced prolonged institutional care prior to adoption. The children's adoptions were decreed between 1990 and 1998 in Minnesota. Binomial logistic regression analyses revealed that early institutional rearing was associated with increased rates of attention and social problems, but not problems in either the internalizing or externalizing domains. Independent of institutional history, children who were adopted >or=24 months had higher rates of behavior problems across many CBCL scales, including internalizing and externalizing problems. In general, time in the adoptive home, which also reflected age at testing, was positively associated with rates of problem behavior. Thus, there was little evidence that the likelihood of behavior problems wane with time postadoption. Finally, children adopted from Russia/Eastern Europe appeared at greater risk of developing behavior problems in several domains compared to children adopted from other areas of the world.
Understanding others and the social world: Current issues in developmental research and their relation to preschool experiences and practice

Abstract The implications of preschool experiences for the development of social understanding are discussed. Three themes in current developmental research are considered: (a) understanding emotions and inner states, (b) understanding cultural rules, and (c) the significance of friendships. Data from a study of children making and remembering transitions from one day-care or kindergarten setting to another and from a cross-cultural study of US and English 3-year-olds are discussed. Implications for preschool practice (with specific reference to emotional experiences in day care), the developmental significance of talk about the social world, and the importance of friendships for children making transitions are considered.
Myokinase Activity of Coronary Arteries

In exploring the mechanism of action of vasodilating drugs an attempt has been made to study the enzyme systems of the blood vessels. A transphosphatase of the myokinase type has been found to be present in the coronary arteries of the steer. The activity has been studied under the optimal conditions for this enzyme system. Coronary arterial tissue may be maintained at the temperature of dry ice for a number of days without significant loss of enzyme activity. This will permit an investigation of the effects of drugs upon the activity of these enzymes.
Reductive and oxidative synthesis of saturated and unsaturated fatty aldehydes

Saturated and unsaturated fatty aldehydes were synthesized 99+% pure with yields of up to 80% by the re- duction of I-acylaziridines with lithium aluminum hydride, and in yields of up to 87% by oxidation of the corresponding alcohol with 1-chlorobenzotriazole. It was found for the re- duction that optimum aldehyde yield was obtained with a mole ratio of reactants, consisting of acid chloride-ethylen- imine-triethylamine-LiAIH,, equal to 1 : 2 : 2 : 2. Optimum conditions for alcohol oxidation were found to be a mole ratio of oxidant to alcohol of 1 : 1.3 with refluxing for 45 min in methyl- ene chloride containing 25% pyridine. Methods for the puri- fication of the final product are also described. Purity criteria were thin-layer and gasliquid chromatography and infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Primary hyperoxaluria in a 27-year-old woman.

Abstract Primary hyperoxaluria is a rare autosomal recessive disorder resulting in precipitation of insoluble oxalate crystals in the joints, kidneys, heart, eyes, and skin. Two thirds of patients have calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis by age 5 years and 80% die of renal failure by age 20 years. Rarely, the disease will present in adulthood, with the onset of symptoms occurring as late as the sixth decade. We present a 27-year-old woman with end-stage renal disease who presented to the dermatology department for the evaluation of a reticular rash shortly after beginning peritoneal dialysis. Associated symptoms included arthralgias and episodic acral cyanosis. Previous kidney and skin biopsy specimens revealed crystalline deposition, however, the diagnosis of primary hyperoxaluria was not entertained until an atrial mass was found to have the same crystalline material. This report reviews primary hyperoxaluria and underscores the importance of recognizing the disease as a cause of renal failure in a patient with livedo reticularis and skin lesions resembling calciphylaxis. Early recognition of the disease is important because combined liver-kidney transplantation may achieve long-term survival.
Authoritarianism and religious identification: Response to threats on religious beliefs

The present study illustrates the impact of threat and authoritarianism on individuals and their respective belief systems within a Christian framework. Participants completed Altemeyer's Right-Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) Scale, the Religious Fundamentalism Scale, the Questions and Doubts about Religion Scale, and the Behavioral and Faith Scale. Participants also read a threat- or non-threat-inducing article concerning the crisis of the Catholic Church. Results showed that individuals with high RWA scores demonstrated a greater support for religious fundamentalist ideals, reported less doubts regarding their religious beliefs, and identified more strongly with their religion than did those with low RWA scores. Furthermore, participants who were exposed to threat, regardless of individual level of authoritarianism, scored higher on a measure of religious fundamentalist ideals and identified more strongly with their respective religions than those who were not exposed to a threat. Most importantly, individu...
INFLUENCE OF GENDER ON OXIDATIVE STRESS, LIPID PEROXIDATION, PROTEIN DAMAGE AND APOPTOSIS IN HEARTS AND BRAINS FROM SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE RATS

1. Hypertension leads to oxidative stress, lipid and protein damage, apoptosis and impaired cardiac contractile function. However, impact of gender on these hypertension-associated abnormalities has not been elucidated. 2. The present study evaluated the oxidative stress, lipid/protein damage, apoptosis in heart and brain tissues as well as cardiomyocyte contractile function in Wistar Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) of both genders. Oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, protein damage and apoptosis were assessed by glutathione (GSH) : reduced glutathione (GSSG) ratio, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, protein carbonyl levels and caspase-3 activity, respectively. Cardiomyocyte contractile function was examined including peak shortening (PS), time-to-PS (TPS), time-to-90% relengthening (TR90) and maximal velocity of shortening/relengthening (+/-dL/dt). The SHR cardiomyocytes displayed reduced PS and +/-dL/dt compared with gender-matched WKY counterparts. Male but not female SHR cardiomyocytes possessed longer resting cell length, normal TPS and prolonged TR90. All mechanical parameters were comparable between male and female WKY rats with the exception of a higher TR90 in females. Hypertension did not significantly affect the GSH : GSSG ratio in the heart and brain tissues of either gender. Brain from female WKY rats displayed a reduced GSH : GSSG ratio. The MDA levels were unchanged and elevated, respectively, in SHR heart and SHR brain tissues from both genders. Protein carbonyl formation and caspase-3 activity were elevated in male but not female SHR hearts. Nonetheless, brain protein carbonyl level and caspase-3 activity were unaffected by hypertension or gender. 3. In summary, these results suggest that gender affects hypertension-associated oxidative stress, lipid and protein damage, apoptosis in heart and brain tissues and cardiomyocyte contractile function.
Approximate swept volumes of NURBS surfaces or solids

This paper presents a method of determining the approximate swept volume of Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline (NURBS) surfaces or solids. The method consists of (1) slicing the NURBS surfaces or solids by finding the intersection of plane/surface; (2) forming the sliced curves; (3) setting up the local moving coordinate system; (4) determining the characteristic (also called singular) points or curves by obtaining local maxima points at discrete frames during motion and with respect to a local moving coordinate system; (5) fitting each NURBS singular surface; (6) trimming the singular surfaces to obtain the boundary of the final approximate swept volumes by the surface/surface intersection and perturbation method. The local moving coordinate system is set up in reference to the motion direction of the rigid body as determined from its composite velocity vector. This work aims to develop a rigorous method for identifying and visualizing the approximate swept volume generated as a result of sweeping a NURBS surface or solid. The method and numerical algorithm are illustrated through examples.
Linear Rank Statisics For The Orderes Alternatives Problem

Linear rank statistics for the ordered alternatives prblem are considered. Pitman efficiencies between several procedures are studied. A new minimax procedure is suggested and shown to have good efficiency propertieds. Additionally, it is the only considered with relative efficiency bounded away from zero
Rational proteomics II: Electrostatic nature of cofactor preference in the short‐chain oxidoreductase (SCOR) enzyme family

The dominant role of long-range electrostatic interatomic interactions in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide/nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAD/NADP) cofactor recognition has been shown for enzymes of the short-chain oxidoreductase (SCOR) family. An estimation of cofactor preference based only on the contribution of the electrostatic energy term to the total energy of enzyme–cofactor interaction has been tested for ∼40 known three-dimensional (3D) crystal complexes and ∼330 SCOR enzymes, with cofactor preference predicted by the presence of Asp or Arg recognition residues at specific 3D positions in the β2α3 loop (Duax et al., Proteins 2003;53:931–943). The results obtained were found to be consistent with ∼90% reliable cofactor assignments for those subsets. The procedure was then applied to ∼170 SCOR enzymes with completely uncertain NAD/NADP dependence, due to the lack of Asp and Arg marker residues. The proposed 3D electrostatic approach for cofactor assignment (“3D_ΔEel”) has been implemented in an automatic screening procedure, and together with the use of marker residues proposed earlier (Duax et al., Proteins 2003;53:931–943), increases the level of reliable predictions for the putative SCORs from ∼70% to ∼90%. It is expected to be applicable for any NAD/NADP-dependent enzyme subset having at least 25–30% sequence identity, with at least one enzyme of known 3D crystal structure. Proteins 2004. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A method for analyzing software product line ecosystems

The ecosystem for a software product line includes all of the entities with which the software product line organization interacts. Information, artifacts, customers, money and products move among these entities as a part of the planning, development, and deployment processes. In this paper we present an analysis technique that uses the economic notion of a transaction to examine the transfers between the entities. The result of the analysis is data that is used to evaluate and structure the organization. We illustrate with an example.
The Valuation of Stock Purchase Rights as Call Options

The predictability of rights valuation models is tested, viewing the rights as call options. The results show that rights valuation models, on average, overprice the rights. The bias in the model prices of rights found in this paper is opposite to that predicted by Merton. Among several factors considered, possible volatility changes associated with raising capital through a rights offering account for some of the observed pricing deviation. A further regression analysis shows that while the pricing deviation is positively related to both the degree that the rights are in the money and the allocation ratio, it is negatively related to the time to expiration and the daily trading volume of the rights.
Application of flow behavior to design of rubber extrusion dies

Abstract It is common in the tire industry to extrude profiles like treads using a hot-feed dual extrusion line. There is a need to extrude the profiles with zero drawdown in the extrusion line after exiting from the die. Also, the extrudate from the two extruders in a dual extrusion must knit together to form a well-defined and reproducible junction line. A contoured flow channel called a preform is customarily used to achieve a desired junction line and to roughly preshape the stream before passing it through the final die. In practice, several trials are usually required to arrive at an optimum die combination to obtain desired size and shape of extrudate after due allowance for extrudate swell, as well as uniform velocity across the width of the extrudate profile. It is helpful to eliminate some of these trials by developing calculation methods for estimating pressure profile, velocity and swell distribution. There are a number of articles on calculating pressure drop from flow rate for non-Newtonian ...
The Effect of TaC Reinforcement on the Oxidation Resistance of CNTs/SiC CMCs

This study focuses on a two-stage spark plasma sintering (SPS) of TaC and/or carbon nanotubes (CNTs)-reinforced SiC ceramic matrix composites (CMCs). The oxidation mechanism of SiC-based CMCs with CNTs reinforcement as well as the TaC additives effect on the thermal oxidation resistance of the SiC-CNTs-TaC systems are investigated. The oxidation behavior up to 1500 °C is characterized in terms of mass changes, oxide layer formation, and thickness. The results showed that more disorder occurred in the CNT network with increased oxidation temperature. TaC additives exhibited an enhanced protective effect in increasing the oxidation temperature of CNTs from 460 to 550 °C, and this protective effect was effective at 1200 °C achieved by the crystalized Ta2O5 which grew with a preferred orientation giving rise to the phase separation in the glassy protective layer. Degraded oxidation resistance was found at 1500 °C.
Increasing the Transparency and Information Content of Financial Statements Using Sparklines

Traditional balance sheets and income statements are standardized tables, containing labels and a limited number of annual figures. By embedding small graphical elements (sparklines) in the financial statements, companies can disclose monthly, semimonthly, or even more frequent data, greatly increasing the amount of information available to users. The usefulness of sparklines is demonstrated through four illustrative company examples.
Spatial Homogenization of the Aquatic Fauna of Tennessee: Extinction and Invasion Following Land Use Change and Habitat Alteration

One of the most profound legacies of modern society is the global transformation of the world's flora and fauna due to biotic homogenization (McKinney and Lockwood 1999, Lockwood et al. 2000). The systematic loss of vulnerable taxa to extinction is a common theme in our discussions of aquatic ecosystems (Allan and Flecker 1993). Similarly, increasing rates of invasion of fresh- and saltwater communities by non-native species continue to invoke social, economic, and ecological consequences (Carlton 1996, 1992). Together, the sum of simultaneous human-facilitated extinction and invasion has resulted in the non-random homogenization of aquatic faunas worldwide. Certain higher taxa (e.g., families) may be more likely to become extinct or to invade novel territories than would be predicted by chance (Angermeier 1995, McKinney 1998, Lockwood 1999). This non-random pruning and geographic rearranging of the aquatic and marine evolutionary tree has resulted in the loss of diversity among higher taxa as well as a loss of global species richness (McKinney and Lockwood 1999).
105 EVALUATION OF THE QUANTITY AND BIOFILM-FORMING ABILITY OF THE COLONIZED STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS IN ATOPIC DERMATITIS PATIENTS.

Background Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an eczematous dermatitis usually presenting in childhood. A common complication in patients with AD is superimposed bacterial infections. Recent studies demonstrate that Staphylococcus species are capable of forming biofilms, which render these organisms markedly more resistant to antibiotics, antiseptics, and host immune responses. Since colonized AD skin lesions show evidence of immune dysregulation, pharmacophysiologic abnormalities, and disease persistence, we aim to investigate the presence of bacterial biofilms in children with AD. Objectives To examine whether clinical isolates of S. aureus from atopic dermatitis lesions can form biofilms and that associated exotoxins made by S. aureus are contributing to the disease process. Methods Specimens for bacteriological examination were obtained from the lesions and nose of patients with AD using a cotton swab. The biofilm formation was quantitatively evaluated using optical density and cell quantification. The isolated bacteria were also amplified for coding regions of genes of interest by standard polymerase chain reactions (PCR). We also performed spa typing on all S. aureus isolates as an accurate screening technique to identify clonal populations. Results In preliminary studies all isolated bacteria produced biofilm. Biofilm formation was not associated with the presence of Panton-Valentine leucocidin or the examined bacterial exotoxins (ETA, ETB, TSST-1, etc). Conclusion Clinical isolates from AD skin lesions are able to produce biofilm. Future studies regarding the role of biofilms in immunopathology of AD are of paramount importance.
Potential Chemopreventive Effects of Fruits, Vegetables, and Spices Consumed in Mexico

1. Mexico has a rich tradition in medicinal/food plant utilization among its varied folk healing practices. 2. In spite of widespread use of modern pharmaceuticals, and the availability of “scientific” or ­mainstream medicine, many people still rely on diverse fruits and vegetables for nutrition, as well as for the treatment of several diseases or ailments. 3. Many food plants used in traditional Mexican cuisine possess not only important nutritional value, but, due to their content of antioxidant or cytotoxic phytochemicals, may also have therapeutic and chemopreventive properties against some forms of cancer. 4. The naturally occurring compounds in food plants could be useful in the treatment of diverse chronic or degenerative diseases, including different manifestations of cancer. 5. Chronic and degenerative diseases not only pose a serious public health risk, but the costs of treatment entail an enormous economic burden to any nation.
Human papillomavirus-related small cell carcinoma of the oropharynx: a case report and literature review

Small cell carcinoma (SCC) is a rare variant of head and neck cancer characterized by a high-grade neuroendocrine cancer with similar features to small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). Human papillomavirus (HPV) is an increasingly recognized cause of head and neck cancer but usually associated squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx. In this report, we present the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of a patient with HPV-related SCC of the oropharynx that responded favorably to chemotherapy with cisplatin plus etoposide and concomitant radiation therapy, a regimen typically used in SCLC. We present a rare case of a 56-year-old man who presented with a three-month history of an enlarging left-sided neck mass. Imaging was consistent with a soft tissue density at the left tongue base, left level IIB nodal conglomerate, and multiple bilateral cervical lymph nodes, without evidence of distant metastasis. The patient underwent a core biopsy of the left neck level II node which read as a poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma consistent with small cell carcinoma. Polymerase chain reaction revealed that the tumor was positive for HPV16. The tumor was staged T1N2cM0 (stage IVA). He went on to receive four cycles of cisplatin and etoposide. On cycle two, he started radiotherapy to the oropharynx and involved neck nodes. He received a dose of 70 Gray (2 Gy/fraction) over a seven week-period. During the concomitant phase of chemo-radiation, the patient experienced grade IV mucositis, grade II nausea, and dehydration for which he received additional outpatient fluid and electrolyte replacement. Three months after completion of therapy, a PET/CT showed complete resolution of the tumor and metastatic lymph nodes along with no evidence of distant metastasis. Patients with HPV-related cancer of the oropharynx require identification of the small cell variant to optimize therapy and improve outcomes.
The Propagation Characteristics of Radio Frequency Signals for Wireless Sensor Networks in Large-Scale Farmland

For configuring wireless sensor network and deploying nodes, the propagation characteristics of wireless channel at frequency of 433 MHz and 2.4 GHz are investigated. Through the analysis of the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) and packet loss rate (PLR), we find that the RSSI (PLR) decreases (increases) as the transceiver nodes distance increases. It is also found that the path loss decreases with the antenna height increasing, and the path loss at 2.4 GHz is more serious than that at 433 MHz. Through the regression analysis in Matlab, we find that the optimal fitting model is the parametric exponential decay (OFPED) model, and the second-best is the linear logarithmic model. For OFPED model, the values of R2 vary from 0.9347 to 0.9893, and the values of root mean square error (RMSE) range from 0.7469 to 2.243 at frequency of 433 MHz; while at frequency of 2.4 GHz, the values of R2 change from 0.9612 to 0.9857, and the values of RMSE range from 1.375 to 3.181. Moreover, we make a comparison analysis with several modified exponential decay (MED) models, and the validation results show that the MED models can be used as conservative upper and lower bounds of path loss, at least for wheat field.
Self-consistent dx2-y2 pairing in a two-dimensional Hubbard model.

Results of a conserving fluctuation exchange calculation for the superconducting state of a two-dimensional Hubbard model are presented. Self-consistent solutions for the full momentum- and frequency-dependent gap, renormalization, and frequency shift parameters have been obtained. The resulting frequency- and momentum-dependent gap is found to have ${\mathit{d}}_{\mathit{x}}^{2}$-${\mathit{y}}^{2}$ symmetry. Below ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$, the maximum gap opens rapidly to a low temperature 2\ensuremath{\Delta}(0)/${\mathit{kT}}_{\mathit{c}}$ value of order 10. We find that the effective interaction arising from the exchange of spin and charge fluctuations is stabilized by self-energy feedback effects as the superconducting gap opens.
Scaling Laws for Diesel Combustion Systems

Scaling laws are developed to guide the transfer of combustion system designs between diesel engines of different sizes using simple formulations. In this chapter, the concepts and formulation of scaling laws are presented. A practical example is provided to study a light-duty and a heavy-duty production diesel engines using the established scaling laws.
Gingival Perfusion and Tissue Biomarkers During Early Healing of Postextraction Regenerative Procedures: A Prospective Case Series

Background: Post-extraction alveolar bone loss, mostly affecting the buccal plate, occurs despite regenerative procedures. To better understand possible determinants, this prospective case series assessed gingival blood perfusion and tissue molecular responses in relation to post-extraction regenerative outcomes.Methods: Adults scheduled to receive bone grafting in maxillary, non-molar, single tooth extraction site were recruited. Clinical documentation included probing pocket depth (PD), keratinized tissue width (KT), tissue biotype (TB), plaque (P) and bleeding. Wound closure was clinically evaluated. Gingival blood perfusion was measured by Laser Doppler Flowmetry (LDF). Wound fluid (WF) and gingival biopsies were analyzed for protein levels and gene expression, respectively, of relevant molecular markers. Bone healing outcomes were determined radiographically (Cone Beam Computerized Tomography; CBCT). Healing was followed for 4 months.Results: Data from 15 patients (50 ± 5 years, 8 males) are reported...
Geometric algorithms for agglomerative hierarchical clustering

Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering (AHC) methods play an important role in the science of classification. In this paper, We present exact centroid and median AHC algorithms and an approximate single-link AHC algorithm for clustering data objects in the d-D space for any constant integer d ≥ 2; the time and space bounds of all our algorithms are O(n log n) and O(n), where n is the size of the input data set. Previously best algorithmic approaches for these three methods take at least quadratic time in the worst case. We implemented these AHC algorithms, and the experimental results show that our algorithms are quite efficient and practical.
Voluntary Consensus Standards

Consensus standards are documents that have been developed by committees to represent a consensus opinion on test methods, materials, devices or procedures. Most standards organizations review their documents every five years to ensure that they are up-to-date. The mechanisms by which they are developed are described in subsequent sections. Development of standards is an ongoing process, and the latest publications should be consulted for new standards.
Companion animals in families of children with autism spectrum disorder: Lessons learned from caregivers.

Companion animals (i.e., pets) have been increasingly recognized for the roles they play in families, including those with children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). This cross-sectional study e...
Psychological Inertia Revisited: Replicating and Extending the Differential Effect of Proactive and Reactive Criminal Thinking on Crime Continuity

Measures of proactive and reactive criminal thinking were evaluated as putative mediators of the past crime‒future crime relationship in a group of 1,354 adjudicated delinquents. Analyses performed...
Identification of the S-transferase like superfamily bacillithiol transferases encoded by Bacillus subtilis

Bacillithiol is a low molecular weight thiol found in Firmicutes that is analogous to glutathione, which is absent in these bacteria. Bacillithiol transferases catalyze the transfer of bacillithiol to various substrates. The S-transferase-like (STL) superfamily contains over 30,000 putative members, including bacillithiol transferases. Proteins in this family are extremely divergent and are related by structural rather than sequence similarity, leaving it unclear if all share the same biochemical activity. Bacillus subtilis encodes eight predicted STL superfamily members, only one of which has been shown to be a bacillithiol transferase. Here we find that the seven remaining proteins show varying levels of metal dependent bacillithiol transferase activity. We have renamed the eight enzymes BstA-H. Mass spectrometry and gene expression studies revealed that all of the enzymes are produced to varying levels during growth and sporulation, with BstB and BstE being the most abundant and BstF and BstH being the least abundant. Interestingly, several bacillithiol transferases are induced in the mother cell during sporulation. A strain lacking all eight bacillithiol transferases showed normal growth in the presence of stressors that adversely affect growth of bacillithiol-deficient strains, such as paraquat and CdCl2. Thus, the STL bacillithiol transferases represent a new group of proteins that play currently unknown, but potentially significant roles in bacillithiol-dependent reactions. We conclude that these enzymes are highly divergent, perhaps to cope with an equally diverse array of endogenous or exogenous toxic metabolites and oxidants.
Exposure to Tobacco and Nicotine Product Advertising: Associations with Perceived Prevalence of Use among College Students.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between exposure to tobacco marketing and perceptions of peer tobacco use among college students. Participants: Participants wer...
MANAGEMENT OF THROMBUS IN TRANSIT THROUGH A PATENT FORAMEN OVALE

A thrombus in transit through a patent foramen ovale (PFO) with impending paradoxical embolism is a rare clinical entity and presents a unique treatment challenge. A 68-year-old morbidly obese man with past medical history of obstructive sleep apnea, and hypertension presented with acute dyspnea
An Online Module to Understand Body Fluid Status in Clinical Cases.

Introduction A thorough understanding of body fluid alterations is essential for the success of both practicing dentists and physicians. However, the time constraints of professional school curricu...
IgE Receptors on Lymphocytes

Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), B and T cells from nonatopic donors, patients with allergic rhinitis and/or asthma (“mild atopic”, 300–900 IU IgE/ml), severe atopic dermatitis (1000–40000 IU IgE/ml) and the hyper-IgE Syndrome (> 7000 IU IgE/ml) were examined for IgE and IgG Fc receptor positive cells (Fc ɛ R, Fc γ R). Nonatopic donors had 1.2 ± 1% Fc ɛ R+ PBL, > 95% being B cells with 95% being B cells and always < 0.1% Fc γ R+ T cells; these patients also had significantly fewer Fc γ R+ T cells (3 ± 1%) than nonatopic (11 ± 4%) and mildly atopic (7 ± 4%) patients.
Ion implant doping and isolation of GaN and related materials

Publisher Summary This chapter deals with ion implantation, which is the preferred method for selected-area doping of semiconductors because of its high spatial and dose control and its high throughput capability. In GaN, there are numbers of systematic reports detailing the achievement of n- and p-type doping and the application of ion implantation to improve ohmic contact resistance on heterostructure field-effect transistors and to produce p–n junctions for the fabrication of junction field-effect transistors and for light emitting diodes. Implantation is used for two different reasons in wide-band-gap nitrides. The first is to create doping by introducing additional dopants that are activated by high-temperature annealing to move the impurities onto substitutional lattice positions. The second is to create high-resistivity material by the introduction of deep-trap states that remove carriers from either band or decrease the sample conductivity. The usual environment for high-temperature annealing of III-nitrides is NH3, but this is inconvenient for processes such as rapid thermal annealing for implant activation and contact annealing for implant isolation.
Membrane Resistance to Oxygen Transport Inside Hybridoma Cells in Suspension Culture

Monoclonal antibodies (MAb) have been used as valuable analytical, diagnostic, and therapeutic tools for modern bioscience and medicine. Because of their high specificity, monoclonal antibodies have also been used for the purification of biomaterials which need high purity. Due to the high demand for monoclonal antibodies hybridoma cell culture, which enables one to produce monoclonal antibodies in large quantity, has become one of the most interesting topics and has been studied by many biochemical engineers.
Direct-Contact Cytotoxicity Evaluation of CoCrFeNi-Based Multi-Principal Element Alloys

Transition metal multi-principal element alloys (MPEAs) are novel alloys that may offer enhanced surface and mechanical properties compared with commercial metallic alloys. However, their biocompatibility has not been investigated. In this study, three CoCrFeNi-based MPEAs were fabricated, and the in vitro cytotoxicity was evaluated in direct contact with fibroblasts for 168 h. The cell viability and cell number were assessed at 24, 96, and 168 h using LIVE/DEAD assay and alamarBlue assay, respectively. All MPEA sample wells had a high percentage of viable cells at each time point. The two quaternary MPEAs demonstrated a similar cell response to stainless steel control with the alamarBlue assay, while the quinary MPEA with Mn had a lower cell number after 168 h. Fibroblasts cultured with the MPEA samples demonstrated a consistent elongated morphology, while those cultured with the Ni control samples demonstrated changes in cell morphology after 24 h. No significant surface corrosion was observed on the MPEAs or stainless steel samples following the cell culture, while the Ni control samples had extensive corrosion. The cell growth and viability results demonstrate the cytocompatibility of the MPEAs. The biocompatibility of MPEAs should be investigated further to determine if MPEAs may be utilized in orthopedic implants and other biomedical applications.
Tracing and analysis of the whole mouse brain vasculature with systematic cleaning to remove and consolidate erroneous images

Whole mouse brain microvascular images at submicrometer scale can be obtained by Knife-Edge Scanning Microscopy (KESM). However, due to the large size of the image dataset and the noise from the serial sectioning process of the KESM, whole mouse brain vascular reconstruction and analysis with submicrometer resolution have not been achieved yet, while several previous studies demonstrated manually selected small noise-free portion of the KESM dataset. In addition to the KESM dataset, there have been studies for vessel reconstruction and analysis of the whole mouse brain at lower resolution or of partial brain regions at submicrometer resolution. However, to the best of our knowledge, there has been no study for vessel reconstruction and analysis of the whole mouse brain at submicrometer resolution. In this paper, we propose a framework for the 3D reconstruction and analysis of the whole KESM mouse brain vasculature dataset with rich vasculature information extracted at submicrometer resolution. The framework consists of two methods. The propose methods provide the systematic cleaning to remove and consolidate erroneous images automatically, which enables the full tracing and analysis of the whole KESM mouse brain dataset with richer vasculature information.
Application of cognitive screening guidelines by health care providers in diabetes care: A cross-sectional descriptive study.

Rationale, aims, and objectives The risk of cognitive dysfunction is higher in people with diabetes than in the general population, and approximately 50% of those with diabetes will develop cognitive impairments as they age. Screening for cognitive dysfunction in people with diabetes can help identify both pathology and those who are at risk for higher health care utilization, but we do not know how health care providers implement cognitive screening recommendations in this population. In this study, we examined health care providers' knowledge of those recommendations and their application of them, as well as factors associated with guideline use. Methods This study used a cross-sectional, descriptive correlational design with a convenience sample. All data were collected with a 20-question online survey sent to advanced practice nurses (APNs), medical doctors/doctor of osteopathic medicines (MDs/DOs), and physician assistants (PAs) in Central Texas. Results One-hundred eighty-one health care providers responded. Participants most frequently said they were "moderately familiar" with guidelines for cognitive impairment screening (60.9%). Twenty-three per cent of physicians, 37.4% of APNs, and 8.3% of PAs indicated that they incorporated routine screening into daily practice. However, 64% did not use standardized tools to assess cognitive function. The most common clinical tasks related to cognitive screening were referral for more in-depth cognitive screening (44%) and education of families regarding cognitive problems (29%). Lack of time was the most common barrier to screening (57.7%). Conclusions Most respondents believed that there was a good rationale for assessing cognitive function in people with diabetes. However, despite some familiarity with guidelines for cognitive function screening, most respondents did not use standardized assessment tools. The results indicate variability in clinical practice regarding assessment and practices, such that there may be some variability in outcomes for patients.
Coping with Selection Effects: A Primer on Regression with Truncated Data

The finite sensitivity of instruments or detection methods means that data sets in many areas of astronomy, for example cosmological or exoplanet surveys, are necessarily systematically incomplete. Such data sets, where the population being investigated is of unknown size and only partially represented in the data, are called "truncated" in the statistical literature. Truncation can be accounted for through a relatively straightforward modification to the model being fitted in many circumstances, provided that the model can be extended to describe the population of undetected sources. Here I examine the problem of regression using truncated data in general terms, and use a simple example to show the impact of selecting a subset of potential data on the dependent variable, on the independent variable, and on a second dependent variable that is correlated with the variable of interest. Special circumstances in which selection effects are ignorable are noted. I also comment on computational strategies for performing regression with truncated data, as an extension of methods that have become popular for the non-truncated case, and provide some general recommendations.
Utility of diagnostic cerebral angiography in the management of suspected central nervous system vasculitis

Vasculitis of the central nervous system is a rare and poorly understood disease of the brain and spinal cord. Cerebral angiography is the radiological gold standard for diagnosis in patients with compatible clinical findings. However, advances in the quality of noninvasive neuroimaging techniques of cerebral and spinal vasculature such as magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and computed tomography angiography (CTA) may obviate the need for invasive catheter angiography. We reviewed our institutional experience at Jackson Memorial Hospital between 2011 and 2016 to assess the utility of performing a cerebral digital subtraction angiogram (DSA) in the management of suspected vasculitis. In 16 (59%) of the 27 patients who underwent both noninvasive imaging and DSA, neither imaging studies showed any evidence of vasculitis. Despite these negative studies, 2 patients were treated empirically with immunosuppressants based on clinical symptoms and laboratory findings. 10 (37%) patients demonstrated irregularities on MRA and findings were confirmed by DSA in 6 of these patients. All 6 of these patients were treated, however, 2 of the 4 patients with abnormal MRA and normal DSA were also started on immunosuppressive therapy despite negative DSA. In conclusion, invasive catheter-based angiography may be of limited benefit in the diagnosis and management of PCNSV when considered in the context of clinical and laboratory findings and MRA or CTA results. Further large studies are necessary to determine whether non-invasive imaging can replace DSA.
Homologous Recombination under the Single-Molecule Fluorescence Microscope.

Homologous recombination (HR) is a complex biological process and is central to meiosis and for repair of DNA double-strand breaks. Although the HR process has been the subject of intensive study for more than three decades, the complex protein–protein and protein–DNA interactions during HR present a significant challenge for determining the molecular mechanism(s) of the process. This knowledge gap is largely because of the dynamic interactions between HR proteins and DNA which is difficult to capture by routine biochemical or structural biology methods. In recent years, single-molecule fluorescence microscopy has been a popular method in the field of HR to visualize these complex and dynamic interactions at high spatiotemporal resolution, revealing mechanistic insights of the process. In this review, we describe recent efforts that employ single-molecule fluorescence microscopy to investigate protein–protein and protein–DNA interactions operating on three key DNA-substrates: single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), and four-way DNA called Holliday junction (HJ). We also outline the technological advances and several key insights revealed by these studies in terms of protein assembly on these DNA substrates and highlight the foreseeable promise of single-molecule fluorescence microscopy in advancing our understanding of homologous recombination.
Tenderness and Consumer Acceptance of Steaks Purchased at Farmers Markets in Texas

ObjectivesConsumers make beef purchasing decisions based on price, expected palatability characteristics, and cattle production practices. The interest in production practices has increased demand for “local” foods, which creates a unique market for beef, especially small, niche producers who sell their products at Farmers Markets. Consumers expect that these beef products will meet their palatability expectations, including tenderness. Therefore, the objective of this study was to establish a baseline for tenderness of beef sold by Farmers Market vendors.Materials and MethodsBeef steaks (n = 39 ribeyes, n = 39 top loins, and n = 38 top sirloins) were procured from 25 vendors at Farmers Markets (n = 21) across Texas. When possible, information was collected at the Farmers Markets on breed, feeding regimen, and other production practices as well as a variety of marketing claims. To compare consumer acceptability of Farmers Market and retail beef, steaks (n = 20 ribeyes, n = 20 top loins, and n = 20 top sirloins) were procured from 3 major retail chains (one store per chain) in the Bryan/College Station area. Farmers Market steaks were evaluated using Warner-Bratzler shear (WBS) force and consumer sensory panels; retail steaks were evaluated using consumer sensory panels. Steak measurements, including steak thickness, external fat thickness, and steak weight, were also collected.ResultsWhile visually we observed a number of wedge-cut steaks, no significant differences were identified among cuts for mean WBS values. There also were no significant differences between cuts for sensory panel ratings (Table 1). However, when comparing consumer sensory panel ratings between sources, retail steaks received higher ratings (P < 0.05) than Farmers Market steaks for overall liking and tenderness liking. Farmers Market ribeye and top loin steaks were thicker (P < 0.05) than top sirloins. However, top sirloins were heavier (P < 0.05) than top loins and ribeyes.ConclusionFarmers Market vendors understand consumers’ desire to know more about their food and, as a result, often provide information on their type of cattle and production practices. While no difference was seen in objective tenderness measurements between steak sources, reducing the number of wedge-cut products may aid small producers and niche vendors in improving consumer overall and tenderness liking ratings. Consumers value the opportunity to connect with their food but should not have to sacrifice palatability characteristics; therefore, increased uniformity in fabrication practices could enhance their eating experience.
Listening to Women: Recommendations from Women of Color to Improve Experiences in Pregnancy and Birth Care.

Introduction Women of color are at increased risk for poor birth outcomes, often driven by upstream social determinants and socially structured systems. Given the increasing rate of maternal mortality in the United States, particularly for women of color, there is a pressing need to find solutions to improving care quality and access for racially marginalized communities. This study aims to describe and thematically analyze the recommendations to improve pregnancy and birth care made by women of color with lived experience of perinatal health care. Methods Twenty-two women of color living in the San Francisco Bay Area and receiving support services from a community-based nonprofit organization participated in semistructured interviews about their experiences receiving health care during pregnancy and birth. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed, and transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis to highlight recommendations for improving perinatal care experiences. Results Participants shared experiences and provided recommendations for improving care at the individual health care provider level, including spending quality time, relationship building and making meaningful connections, individualized person-centered care, and partnership in decision making. At the health systems level, recommendations included continuity of care, racial concordance with providers, supportive health care system structures to meet the needs of women of color, and implicit bias trainings and education to reduce judgment, stereotyping, and discrimination. Discussion Participants in this study shared practical ways that health care providers and systems can improve pregnancy and birth care experiences for women of color. In addition to the actions needed to address the recommendations, health care providers and systems need to listen more closely to women of color as experts on their experiences in order to create effective change. Community-centered research, driven by and for women of color, is essential to improve health disparities during pregnancy and birth.
Toward an ‘Integrated’ Theory of Associative Right: The Role of Government Neutrality in Civil Rights Jurisprudence

The authors wish to acknowledge the valuable comments of Professors Gordon Wood, Larry Kramer and other participants in the 2003 Supreme Court Historical Society Summer Seminar for their valuable comments and critique of this work. Further, Lawrence Baum, David Bernstein, Neal Devins, Howard Gillman, and Kermit Hall reviewed versions of this project and gave tremendously helpful responses.
A Flexible Precision Multi-Format In-Memory Vector Matrix Multiplication Engine in 65 nm CMOS With RF Machine Learning Support

An all-digital flexible precision in-memory accelerator for vector matrix multiplication (VMM) is demonstrated in 65 nm CMOS. The design supports flexible precision, floating point, and complex numbers enabling in-memory radio-frequency machine learning and signal processing computation. The measured compute efficiency normalized to memory size is 34 GOPS/W/KB.
Operational interdependency between electrical substations and road networks under extreme events

The critical infrastructure (CI) elements in the United States are highly interconnected and interdependent. Recent cases of extreme events–either nature or human-caused– have demonstrated ripple effects propagating from one critical infrastructure to another reflecting the interdependencies. Among many CIs, the electric power and transportation infrastructure systems exhibit a higher level of interdependencies, and it is vital to model electric power and transportation infrastructure system holistically to understand the vulnerable states from temporal and spatial dimensions considering interconnectedness and cascading effects. This study developed a graph-theory based analysis framework to model the interdependencies between the electric power and transportation infrastructure systems– road networks. The CI elements are integrated by building a heterogeneous graph that includes transportation road sections, electrical substations, utility headquarters, traffic signal nodes, and other relevant CI nodes. We report the results from a case study in Seattle, Washington considering different scenarios– network disruption types, traffic congestion level, and uncertainty in restoration time.
Abstract 14097: A 3D Print Low Cost Aortic Arch Endovascular Simulator

Introduction: Simulation-based medical teaching and learning enables trainees to gain competencies in a realistic setting without imposing risks to patients. Within endovascular training, simulatio...