cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy response assessment with electromechanical activation mapping within 24 hours of device implantation - a pilot study.

Background Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) response assessment relies on the QRS complex narrowing criterion. Yet one third of patients do not improve despite narrowed QRS after implantation. Electromechanical wave imaging (EWI) is a quantitative echocardiography-based technique capable of noninvasively mapping cardiac electromechanical activation in three dimensions. The aim of this exploratory study was to investigate the EWI technique, sensitive to ventricular dyssynchrony, for informing CRT response on the day of implantation. Methods Forty-four patients with heart failure with left bundle branch block or right ventricular (RV) paced rhythm and decreased left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF; mean, 25.3 ± 9.6%) underwent EWI without and with CRT within 24 hours of device implantation. Of those, 16 were also scanned while in left ventricular (LV) pacing. Improvement in LVEF at 3-, 6-, or 9-month follow-up defined (1) super-responders (ΔLVEF ≥ 20%), (2) responders (10% ≤ ΔLVEF Results LV lateral wall activation time was significantly different (P ≤ .05) among all three pacing conditions in the 16 patients: LV lateral wall activation time with CRT in biventricular pacing (73.1 ± 17.6 msec) was lower compared with LV pacing (89.5 ± 21.5 msec) and RV pacing (120.3 ± 17.8 msec). Retrospective analysis showed that the percentage of resynchronized myocardium with CRT was a reliable response predictor within 24 hours of implantation for significantly (P ≤ .05) identifying super-responders (n = 7; 97.7 ± 1.9%) from nonresponders (n = 17; 89.9 ± 9.9%). Conclusion Electromechanical activation mapping constitutes a valuable three-dimensional visualization tool within 24 hours of implantation and could potentially aid in the timely assessment of CRT response rates, including during implantation for adjustment of lead placement and pacing outcomes.
Populist Psychology: Economics, Culture, and Emotions

Historical trends seem to show that populism, defined here as movements that self-identify as representatives of a unified good people confronting a corrupted or malevolent elite, tends to co-occur...
Solutions of Problems: Arithmetic and Geometric Sequences and Series

In this chapter, the problems of the 13th chapter are fully solved, in detail, step-by-step, and with different methods.
Trauma and Compassionate Blame

A common question in moral philosophy concerns how we should regard traumatic histories that have influenced wrongdoing. In this paper, I argue that one standard line of response—survivors are exempt from blame for a given wrongdoing because of a traumatic history that influenced this wrongdoing—is problematic. Instead of trying to determine how trauma categorically exempts survivors from blame, I argue that we should start from the fact that survivors are members of the moral community who can be as blameworthy as anyone, and then ask how considerations of trauma might impact a moral response to their wrongdoing. I consider and reject three attempts to exempt survivors on the grounds of traumatic histories, arguing that each risk divesting survivors of moral agency. I then develop an account of compassionate blame, a unique attitude in which we can blame the survivor for their wrong while also taking compassion towards the survivor in light of their traumatic history, and argue that this is the appropriate moral attitude to cultivate in these cases.
The Indispensability of Holistic Species Experts for Ethical Animal Research

Committee composition is a recurrent theme within the literature on Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees (IACUCs). The ability of IACUCs to ensure the ethical treatment of nonhuman research subjects depends upon who makes up these committees. Non-scientists and those not affiliated with the research institution have been deemed indispensable for the democratic, objective review of protocols and, thus, for ethical treatment. IACUCs’ critics and partners alike have persistently offered suggestions for how to further optimize committee composition towards these ends. This paper contributes to the ongoing conversation by advocating for the addition of holistic species experts to IACUCs, arguing that holistic species experts are as indispensable for the political and epistemic viability of protocol reviews as non-scientists and non-affiliates. Holistic species experts are defined here as members of the larger community who have extensive firsthand experience with animals living and dying under relatively ideal conditions. If we accept that non-scientists and non-affiliates are crucial for IACUCs' ethical treatment of animals, then we have every reason to embrace holistic species experts. The values, welfare expertise, and productive epistemic dissonance that these experts bring to the table would prove invaluable.
Sociological Aspects of Genetic Counseling

The role of the family and the role of children in the family have undergone many changes in the last few centuries. Families have separated themselves from the society around them, with the nuclear rather than the extended family becoming the predominant type. Even within the last 20 years the structure of the American family has undergone great changes. The number of children per family has decreased, the divorce rate has increased, and married women are increasingly likely to work outside the home.* Changes in family structure have resulted in a smaller familial network from which individuals can draw help and support during times of illness. Instead, individuals must rely to a greater degree than ever before on social networks outside the family: friends, social service agencies, medical institutions, and health professionals.
High order locally corrected Nyström method with continuity constraints

An extension of the high order, locally corrected Nystrom (LCN) discretization method is presented, which provides current continuity via auxiliary constraints on the LCN basis. The high-order, constrained LCN (CLCN) method is obtained by enforcing normal continuity on the test and source vector quantities at mesh element boundaries. It is shown that the CLCN method reduces the size of the system matrix compared to the LCN approach and improves the accuracy of the LCN discretization at low orders.
Selective Epitaxy Base for Bipolar Transistors

Un transistor dont la base est preparee par epitaxie selective a ete fabrique avec une largeur de base de 1100Aet une resistance carree de la base intrinseque de 2800?/?. Nous demontrons quil est possible d'utiliser une largeur de base inferieure a 1000A si les cycles therniques apres le depot de la base sont minimises. L'utilisation de couches minces epitaxiees pour la base in intrinseque permet d'eviter les difficultes liees a la formation des espaceurs, en limitant la nucleation sur le silicium polycristallin de la base etrinseque a la peripherie de l'emetteur. L'interface poly/epi est orientee suivant un plan (111). Ceci conduit a une degradation des characteristiques des dispositifs a cause de l'etalement lateral de la base extrinseque en dessous des espaceurs. A Selective Epitaxy Base Transistor (SEBT) is presented with a basewidth of 1100A and an intrinsic base sheet resistance of 2800?/?. It is demonstrated that a sub-1000A basewidth is possible if the temperature-time cycles after base deposition are minimal. Using thin epitaxial layers to form the intrinsic base avoids difficulties in sidewall formation caused by nucleations on the extrinsic base polysilicon at the emitter window perimeter. The poly/epi interface was found to be on a (111) plane. This leads to a degradation of the device characteristics due to extrinsic base encroachment underneath the sidewall.
ASSESSING CHANGES IN THE U.S. HARDWOOD SAWMILL INDUSTRY WITH A FOCUS ON MARKETS AND DISTRIBUTION

The U.S. hardwood sawmilling industry has experienced significant changes over the past decade. A slowing housing industry, competition from imported products, higher transportation costs, and high stumpage prices have changed the business of manufacturing and marketing hardwood lumber. Also, hardwood lumber buyers are changing their business practices by shortening lead times, requiring a more customized product, and buying smaller lumber quantities to cut costs and increase operational flexibility. A survey of hardwood lumber manufacturers was conducted in the fall of 2009 to assess changes and adaptations within the industry. Among respondents, average hardwood lumber sales decreased by 13.2 percent during the study's focus period from 2004 to 2008. Respondents also identified a change in customer demand with smaller, more frequent orders becoming more common. Moreover, the species mix shifted, with red oak losing considerable market share. Intermediaries, such as hardwood lumber distributors, were able to capture more of the industry's business. Respondents identified the slowing housing market and high energy costs as major factors affecting their businesses. While the survey's responses reflected the extremely challenging economic conditions, industry participants are aggressively adapting their businesses and pursuing new opportunities with the understanding that markets will eventually recover.
The Hawaiian earring group is topologically incomplete

The premier exhibition of the following phenomenon: The fundamental group of any Peano continuum constructed in similar fashion to the Hawaiian earring admits two natural distinct topological group structures. However despite being uncountable and regular, neither group is a Baire space and hence neither group admits a compatible complete metric.
Military Strategy, Private Information, and War†

In conventional crisis bargaining models, bluffing provides the primary rationale for states to misrepresent their private information, and war occurs because strong states are unable to credibly demonstrate strength to their opponents. Here, I argue that military strategy supplies an alternative reason for states to misrepresent their private information. Both strong and weak states may misrepresent themselves because of the battlefield benefits of fighting against an uninformed opponent, who may choose a suboptimal military strategy. Under appropriate conditions, the military gains for concealing information exceed the diplomatic gains available for revealing that information. Thus, states will choose to keep secrets and fight. To demonstrate this, I incorporate military strategy into the standard bargaining framework, showing that military concerns incentivize both strong and weak states to conceal information, even when they are able to reveal that information costlessly and credibly. As in the usual model, war may occur when states underestimate their adversaries, but it may also occur when states overestimate their adversaries. I further show that a mere willingness to fight does not reveal that a state is strong. I conclude the paper with two brief case studies.
CARDIOVASCULAR MALFORMATIONS IN TURNER'S SYNDROME

1. Cardiovascular disease associated with Turner9s syndrome is more frequent than hitherto reported. In this study, 36 patients were investigated and it was found that in 16 (44%) there was some form of cardiovascular abnormality. 2. Pulmonic stenosis was found to be as frequent as the more commonly reported coarctation of the aorta. 3. Patients with typical Turner9s syndrome, who are chromatin negative, may have coarctation of the aorta or pulmonic stenosis. When buccal smears are chromatin positive, stature is within normal limits, or hypertelorism is present, the most likely cardiovascular lesion will be pulmonic stenosis.
Hyperbolic boundary control in one space dimension

The author reviews, improves, and applies results on boundary controllability for first-order symmetric hyperbolic systems in one space variable. >
Role of Modern Analytical Chemistry in Material Analyses for Trace Metals

The trend in the modern analytical laboratory is toward lower and lower analytical concentration measurements. The analyst has a variety of analytical instruments and techniques in which to meet the ever growing need for lower concentration measurements with improved precision and accuracy. Techniques available to the analyst include flame and electrothermal atomization-atomic absorption spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma/mass spectrometry, laser enhanced ionization spectrometry, neutron activation analysis, spectrophotometry, isotope dilution mass spectrometry, X-ray fluorescence spectometry, electroanalytical, and chromatography. However, there is no analytical technique that is a panacea for all analytes in the modern analytical laboratory. Steps the analyst must consider to obtain the highest degree of precision and accuracy include the obtaining of a representative sample, the selection of the “best” analytical method, the preparation of the sample, the calibration of the instrumentation, the deciding on the level of effort for the chemical measurement and the evaluation of the data are discussed.
Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy modeling and control: unmodeled dynamics and robustness

The Takagi-Sugeno (TS) fuzzy modeling approach has been very successful in approximating complex dynamics and hence has offered a basis for analysis and design in many control applications where conventional modeling is impossible. At present, a drawback of the TS fuzzy model is the high dimension of its information space, which, in turn, necessitates a large number of local linear models to cover a certain region of such space. This article shows that the dimension of the information space is reducible only at the expense of modeling error. The article also suggests a robust controller that tolerates a certain amount of such modeling error.
Abstract 82: Mechanical CPR Is Associated with Poor Neurologically Intact Survival in a Statewide Registry

BACKGROUND: Large, randomized trials have concluded that mechanical CPR (mech-CPR) is equivalent to manual CPR (man-CPR) with respect to outcomes from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). However, outside of such well-controlled settings, the performance of mech-CPR is uncertain. We sought to determine the association, if any, between mech-CPR use and outcomes in a large, statewide registry of cardiac arrest. METHODS: The Utah State CARES registry began collecting outcomes on all cardiac arrests in the state of Utah in July of 2012. We analyzed data from this registry to determine the comparative performance of resuscitations utilizing mech-CPR vs man-CPR. Neurologically-intact survival was defined as a Cerebral Performance Category score of 1 or 2. RESULTS: Mech-CPR was performed on 237/1,567 OHCAs (15%) during the 1.5 year period of analysis. The majority of devices used were of the load-distributing band type 213/237 (90%). Neurologically-intact survival was 10/237 (4%) in the cohort receiving mech-C...
Taxonomy of Asarum section Asarum (Aristolochiaceae).

Abstract Asarum sect. Asarum is a monophyletic group of 14 species distributed through North America, Europe, and Asia. The section is here treated in a taxonomic monograph based on morphological study of field-collected material and herbarium specimens. A key, descriptions, distribution maps, and citations of representative specimens are provided, and available information is reviewed on the pollination biology and phylogenetic relationships within the group. Six species of sect. Asarum are recognized in North America: A. canadense is widespread in the east, and the others range from widespread to narrow endemics in the west. Asarum canadense, which has at times been divided into several species or infraspecific taxa, is here recognized as a single species based on a lack of reliable differences among the variants. Asarum europaeum, which is the most widespread species in the section, has been similarly split historically, but also is treated here as a single taxon. In Asia, section Asarum consists of se...
Quantitation of fluid-phase endocytosis by proximal tubular cells in culture

Two procedures are described for quantitating fluid-phase endocytosis in monolayer cultures of opossum kidney epithelial cells. Both procedures use the same principle which is to determine uptake of a specific, easily detectable compound in the extracellular fluid. One method uses lucifer yellow, the other uses horseradish peroxidase.
A review: long-term effects of agricultural systems on soil biochemical and microbial parameters

Abstract This paper provides a review of recent developments on assessing the effect of agricultural systems on long-term productivity of soils. Cultivation of soils, besides affecting soil chemistry and structure, reduces biological activity due to the reduction of macroaggregates which provides an important microhabitat for microbial activity. Indirect evidence suggests that soil amendments such as animal and green manures, and plant diversity (crop rotations) may be more important in maintaining soil microbial activity/diversity than conservation tillage in monocultural systems. There is increasing evidence that crop rotation promotes crop productivity by suppressing deleterious microorganisms that flourish under monoculture. Additions of inorganic fertilizers can increase soil biological activity because of an increased plant biomass production which upon incorporation stimulates soil biological activity. Conversely, limited evidence suggests that repeated applications of inorganic fertilizer nutrients can suppress production of certain soil enzymes that are involved in cycling of a given nutrient. The observed transitory decrease in crop productivity during conversion from chemical intensive input to alternative systems (greater reliance on biological resources) may be due to the initial diminished biological potentials of conventionally managed soils to efficiently cycle and mineralize organic nutrient sources. This review reaffirms the continuing need for the maintenance of existing long-term experimental sites and establishment of new studies in major agroecosystems throughout the world.
Calculation, characterization, and application of the time shift function in wavelength-division-multiplexed return-to-zero systems

We calculate the time shift function for collisions of pairs of pulses in different channels in a prototypical return-to-zero wavelength-division-multiplexed system with dispersion management and precompensation and postcompensation. Once the time shift function is known, the impairments that are due to collision-induced timing jitter can be rapidly determined. We characterize the shape of this function and determine how it scales with the initial pulse separation in time and with channel separation in wavelength. Finally, we apply it to the calculation of the worst-case time shift.
The ex ante effects of trade halting rules on informed trading strategies and market liquidity

Abstract In this paper, we investigate strategic informed trading in a regime with rule-based market closures. Closure rules can be designed to reduce the ex ante trading costs of liquidity traders but cause informed traders to scale back their trading in order to reduce the chance of the closure being triggered. In the Stackelberg equilibrium where the informed act as leaders and market makers as followers, this phenomenon causes trading costs for small investors to increase. Thus, ex ante strategic behavior by informed traders in response to closure rules can result in increased trading costs for precisely the individuals whom the closures are intended to benefit: namely, the uninformed retail investors who trade small orders. We show, however, that this effect can be mitigated by randomizing the halting rule and thus reducing the degree of predictability of the halt from the perspective of informed traders.
Age differences in the effects of stimulus complexity and symmetrical form on choice reaction and visual search performance

Abstract Random shapes differing in complexity (5, 10, 20, or 40 angles) and form (symmetrical, S, or asymmetrical, A) were presented to children and adults in two timed pattern-discrimination tasks. In Experiment I, college students and fourth-graders judged the class membership (complexity) of singly displayed shapes in a choice-reaction task. In Experiment II, another sample of college adults, and third- and sixth-graders were individually given a visual search task in which linear displays of shapes were scanned rapidly for the location of a “target” pattern. Both experiments indicated a positive relationship between performance speed and age and trials, and slower performance with increasing stimulus complexity. However, symmetry exerted opposite effects in the two tasks, a finding which probably reflected the differing demands in S s' discriminating between -class differences (between classes of complexity in Exp. I) and within -class differences (between members of the same class, in Exp. II). The several interactions among age, stimulus variables, and practice effects provided informative analyses of age differences in discrimination performance. The data suggested that adults respond to bilateral symmetry and asymmetry as distinctly different classes of form, whereas children show less sensitivity to this property of patterns. An interpretation of the consistently superior performance of the older S s focused upon the age-correlated development of coding rules for dealing with stimulus complexity.
Children and savings in less developed countries

Abstract A commonly cited motive for childbearing in LDCs is the support in old age provided by one's children. Alternative means of retirement support become available as a country develops. This paper presents a simple two period model in which financial institutions are allowed to substitute for children in the provision of this service. The ‘quality’ of financial institutions is given an operational definition and the hypothesis of the model are tested on a cross-section sample of countries.
Amorphous superconductors based on the 4d series

Abstract Additional amorphous transition metal superconductors obtained by electron beam evaporation and by liquid quenching are reported. The Collver-Hammond curve for the 4d series is found to be more symmetric than the one previously published. In particular, the transition temperature of amorphous Ru is extrapolated to ∼ 3.6 K. The trends of superconductivity can be explained by conventional alloy theories.
The rate zonal separation of organelles from dilute suspensions: the problem of a large sample volume.

Transport vesicles that deliver proteins to the cell surface can be isolated by incubating cells that have been permeabilized by mechanical or chemical techniques in a high-K medium containing an ATP regenerating system. The vesicles released from permeabilized cells are, however, obtained as a very dilute suspension in the incubation solution. This presents a problem for the preparative separation of specific populations of vesicles by velocity sedimentation, because the small sample volume capacity of traditional glycerol or sucrose velocity gradients requires that the vesicles first be concentrated by sedimentation or that very small amounts of vesicles be loaded onto a gradient. We have addressed the problem of the loss of zonal resolution produced by the loading of large sample volumes, and we propose that high-viscosity Ficoll gradients can be used effectively to restore the resolution of zones when substantially larger sample volumes of dilute suspensions must be loaded onto velocity gradients.
An ethical framework in information systems decision making using normative theories of business ethics

As business environments become more complex and reliant on information systems, the decisions made by managers affect a growing number of stakeholders. This paper proposes a framework based on the application of normative theories in business ethics to facilitate the evaluation of IS related ethical dilemmas and arrive at fair and consistent decisions. The framework is applied in the context of an information privacy dilemma to demonstrate the decision making process. The ethical dilemma is analyzed using each one of the three normative theories--the stockholder theory, stakeholder theory, and social contract theory. The challenges associated with the application of these theories are also discussed.
Voltage fluctuations at the frog sartorius motor endplate produced by a covalently attached activator.

The depolarization that develops after covalent attachment of trimethylammonium benzoyl to the dithiothreitol-reduced frog sartorius acetylcholine receptor is accompanied by a small increase in voltage fluctuations. The amplitude of the elementary voltage event produced by the covalently attached activator is about 0.04 μV, almost an order of magnitude below the acetylcholine shot-effect amplitude in the control preparation, and about one-fourth the acetylcholine shot amplitude after disulfide-bond reduction. Spectral density plots of trimethylammonium-benzoyl noise can be analyzed in terms of two relaxation rates that bracket the single rate observed in response to acetylcholine.
A Roadmap for Science, Education, and Outreach for Natural Resources

Sustainable management of natural resources poses critical issues for scientists, managers, public officials, and society at large. Successfully addressing these challenges will depend on concerted...
Mechanical Characterization of the Wall of a Tissue Engineered Pulmonary Valve Conduit: A Twenty Week In Vivo Study

Current clinical options for congential pulmonary valve disease are limited and associated with several complications, including lack of somatic growth in replacements. Often, surgical intervention also requires the reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract. Tissue engineered pulmonary valved conduits have received much attention as a potential therapy, offering prospective long-term functional improvements and accommodating somatic growth [1]. Though in vitro work has been performed, little is known concerning the physical properties and quality of the tissue produced in vivo, owing to small specimen sample sizes and a lack of detailed mechanical analyses. This work focuses on elucidating in vivo time-course changes in the mechanical quality of tissue engineered pulmonary valve conduit.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
A coupled finite-element state-space approach for synchronous generators. I. model development

Presented here is the development of a time stepping coupled finite-element state-space (CFE-SS) modeling environment, totally within the natural time domain ABC flux-linkage frame of reference, to predict the steady-state machine parameters and performance characteristics, including laminated iron core losses, of salient-pole synchronous machines. The time stepping CFE-SS model allows one to rigorously account for the full synergistic impact of space harmonics and time harmonics on the machine parameters and performance characteristics.
Transoral trans-stomal microdebrider excision of tracheal papillomatosis.

Objectives: To describe a technique for surgical removal of recurrent respiratory papilloma in the distal trachea in patients with an indwelling tracheostomy tube. Methods: A transoral trans-stomal technique for removal of distal tracheal papilloma using a modified ventilating bronchoscope setup and a microdebrider with a rotatable Skimmer blade (XOMED Products, Jacksonville, Florida, USA). Results: Surgical removal of papillomas in the distal trachea is a challenging procedure, involving potentially competing demands for visualization, instrumentation, and ventilation. Previously described methods for management of these challenging cases provide limited ability to deliver continuous oxygenation and ventilation during the procedure. The transoral trans-stomal technique overcomes these limitations in patients who have an existing tracheostomy. Conclusions: This technique allows for precise removal of papilloma in the distal trachea, while providing for excellent visualization and continuous oxygenation and ventilation of the patient. Laryngoscope, 2009
All topologies come from generalized metrics

RALPH KOPPERMAN: I received my Ph.D. from M.I.T. in 1965, and came to The City College in 1967. SEEK is a special program for students from poor areas of the city, and I have coordinated its mathematics efforts since 1969. My research interest has always been in limits, which I first tried to study through infinitary languages (logic). I was able to publish in the field, but was not happy with the results of that research, and went into point-set topology in 1980. I was a founding member of the CCNY Seminar on General Topology and Topological Algebra in 1981, and have been involved with it ever since.
Long-term Stability of Human Aflatoxin B1 Albumin Adducts Assessed by Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Fluorescence

The measurement of the aflatoxin B(1)-lysine serum albumin adduct in human blood samples is the most facile biomarker for the assessment of chronic exposure to aflatoxin B(1). Many technologies have been developed for the measurement of this protein adduct including immunoassays, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection, and a newly developed isotope-dilution mass spectrometry method. Irrespective of the technology used to determine this adduct level, an important question remains about the long-term stability of this damage product in stored samples. To address this issue, 19 human serum samples that had been previously analyzed for the aflatoxin B(1)-lysine adduct by high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence in 1989 were re-analyzed by isotope dilution mass spectrometry after storage at -80 degrees C. The adduct concentrations measured by these two techniques were identical within 4% over the range 5 to 100 pg of aflatoxin B(1)-lysine/mg albumin. In addition, the specific chemical structure of the aflatoxin B(1)-lysine adduct in human samples was confirmed for the first time by collision-induced dissociation full scan mass spectrometry analysis of the protonated adduct molecular ion. These results illustrate that the aflatoxin B(1)-lysine serum albumin adduct can be stable in human serum stored at -80 degrees C since 1989, and this provides confidence for the measurement of this biomarker in repository samples from epidemiologic investigations.
Erratum: Surface-site determination using electron-energy-loss spectroscopy and lattice-dynamical models

We show that a lattice-dynamical model based on pair interactions is able to account for the central features of high-resolution electron-energy-loss spectra for oxygen adsorption on Al(111). This particular metal-adsorbate system is complicated by the simultaneous formation of an oxygen overlayer and underlayer. Of seven possible overlayer-underlayer configurations which yield (1 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} 1) two-dimensional order, only one configuration accurately accounts for the experimental results when reasonable model parameters are assumed.
Continuous tube-CSTR reactor system for emulsion polymerization kinetic studies

Abstract A plug-flow tubular reactor (PFT) was used to generate a latex feed stream for a CSTR. Measurements of monomer conversion, particle number, particle size distribution and molecular weight distribution in the effluent streams of both reactors were used to study transport of free radicals and chain transfer agents in the emulsion polymerization of styrene.
On the Dynamic Characteristics of Biological Inspired Multicellular Fluidic Flexible Matrix Composite Structures

The objective of this research is to explore the dynamic characteristics of a multicellular fluidic flexible matrix composite (F2MC) structure. F2MC is a novel composite idea inspired by the fibrillar organizations of plant cell walls. Previous work on F2MC has mostly focused on single cell studies and on its static or quasi-static characteristics. The F2MC dynamic characteristics with interaction between cells through a flow circuit have not yet been investigated. When under external load, a network of F2MC cells with different fiber angles will generate pressure gradient and induce internal fluid flows. Therefore, the working fluids and flow port can be selected/designed for new types of functionality. An analytical model, incorporating the flow port characteristics with the cell structural dynamics, is developed and analyzed. Experimental investigations are also performed. It is shown that a dual F2MC cellular structure can be used as a vibration absorber and as an enhanced actuator with higher actuati...
Righting Unrightable Wrongs: Legacies of Racial Violence and the Greensboro Truth and Reconciliation Commission

The Greensboro Truth and Reconciliation Commission (GTRC)—the first truth and reconciliation commission ever funded and seated in the United States—was formed in 2000 in response to a Ku Klux Klan shooting of labor activists that occurred in 1979 in Greensboro, North Carolina. Despite overwhelming video and photographic evidence of the Ku Klux Klan and American Nazi Party firing weapons into a crowd and killing five people, no one was ever held criminally liable for the deaths of the activists. In 1999 local community organizers began advocating for a truth and reconciliation process modeled after truth commissions in South Africa and Peru. In a broadly conceived qualitative approach that utilizes open-ended interviews and archival research, this project explores the truth process in Greensboro, focusing on the ways in which community members address legacies and memories of violence through reconciliation and grassroots politics. The research exposes the connections between the memory of violence and ter...
Self-reported psychopathology in a convicted serial killer

The following paper presents a case study of a convicted serial murderer. Through data from personal correspondence, police reports, a true crime novel, witness statements, medical examiner reports, court appeals, and crime scene reports from the actual murder cases, and most important, a series of psychological self-report measures, a case study was developed. Included in the psychological measures were tests of general psychopathology, specific tests of psychopathy, anger and aggression scales, and sociological measures related to family, individual, situational, and community risk factors, as well as previous criminal behaviour, including weapon and drug use. The results of these various measures are incorporated into the life history and criminal activity of the individual. The purpose of this research was to develop a more complete psychological report of a serial killer than any other previously reported. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
APPLICATION OF HMBC AND HMQC-TOCSY NMR METHODS TO ASSIGN THE STRUCTURES OF BICYCLIC-PEPTIDE MIMETICS

Abstract The structures of representative bicyclic peptides are confirmed through the NMR methods of HMBC and HMQC-TOCSY. Complete assignment of proton and carbon resonances is afforded by these two-dimensional NMR methods. HMQC-TOCSY is especially useful for assigning spectra in molecules having extensive proton spin systems and in establishing connectivities between protonated carbons. Long-range proton-carbon connectivities obtained by HMBC confirm structure in molecules containing heteroatoms or non-protonated carbons that interrupt proton spin systems.
Sensitivity of strain R avian erythroblastosis virus to ether and chloroform.

SummaryStrain R erythroblastosis virus was sensitive to ether and chloroform, as determined by chick inoculation of treated and untreated virus. In this respect, Strain R resembles other members of the avian sarcomaleukosis virus complex for which sensitivities have been established, i.e., Rous sarcoma virus, the California strain of lymphomatosis (Rubin's RIF virus), and the Stubbs-Furth strain of avian sarcoma-erythroblastosis (Strain 13) virus.
The angry cognitions scale: a new inventory for assessing cognitions in anger

Although cognitive–behavioral therapy is the preferred anger management treatment, research on the cognitive processes associated with anger is relatively sparse. One reason for this has been a lack of adequate measures of the cognitive processes associated with anger. The current study addresses this limitation by developing a theoretically derived instrument to measure the cognitive processes thought to be associated with maladaptive anger. Pilot work identified a set of 72 items written to reflect 5 domains that cut across cognitive theories of anger: overgeneralizing, inflammatory labeling, demandingness, catastrophic evaluation, and misattributing causation. Items were administered to 362 participants and statistical analyses yielded the 54-item Angry Cognitions Scale (ACS). Evidence supporting the construct validity of the ACS was demonstrated through relationships with the experience and expression/control of anger, hostile thoughts, anger consequences, depression and anxiety, and other measures of positive and negative cognitions.
SO2 absorption cross sections in the near U.V.

In order to understand data measured by the TOMS instrument on Nimbus 7 after the eruption of El Chichon, absorption cross sections are measured in SO2 between 3000 and 3240 A at 295 and 210 K. Errors for these measurements range from less than 2 percent to about 10 percent. Measurements in the 3175 + or 5 A spectral region observed by TOMS indicate that there is a 9 percent reduction in the average cross section at 210 K compared to room-temperature data. Peak cross sections measured at low temperature show increases up to 20 percent over room-temperature data, while cross-section decreases are measured at low temperatures in the areas between the strong features.
Equal access to information for all: making the world of electronic information more accessible to the handicapped in our society

On March 27th, 1995, the World Wide Web and the information super highway took a big step on the road to becoming the new window into the world of information. On that date MCI began its InternetMCI service. The net surfer can now shop, get critical information and news, get investment advice and much more. And this is only the first step. By a series of simple mouse clicks, the user has almost instant access to services and products almost anywhere in the world.The use of modern computers and software by the visually handicapped has become more difficult over the past few years. In earlier systems the user interface was a simple character based environment. In those systems, simple devices like screen readers, braille output and speech synthesizers were effective. Current systems now run Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs) which have rendered these simple aids almost useless. In no area has this problem become more important than in technologies for the handicapped. What has become enabling technology for the sighted has become disabling technology for the visually impaired.
Perceptions of Coordinators of College Freshman Chemistry Regarding Selected Goals and Outcomes of High School Chemistry.

Several studies have shown that high school science teachers base their teaching on what professors of college freshman science expect, and that, in some instances, advanced high school courses are needlessly similar to college freshman courses. In order to gain insight of college science professors' expectations and perceptions on selected goals and outcomes of science education, a survey instrument was developed and mailed to 123 heads/coordinators of freshman chemistry in U.S. state and land grant colleges and universities that offer a graduate degree program in chemistry. The results demonstrated that although the coordinators were positive about many science education goals and outcomes they did not value aspects related to societal issues, and no differences among them existed when the results were analyzed according to demographic subgroups such as age and teaching experience. They perceived high school graduates as possessing inadequate skills and perceived measures to improve precollege science education requiring collaboration of precollege and college faculty positively. The implications for science education were that college chemistry professors place values different from those of science educators on some pertinent goals and outcomes of science teaching, a situation that is not helpful to reforming precollege science education.
Milky spots of the omentum: A source of peritoneal cells in the normal and stimulated animal.

The topography and ultrastructure of the omentum in normal and stimulated mice were investigated with combined transmission (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The present study demonstrated that lymphocytes and monocytes were the principle cell types in the non-stimulated milky spot. Following stimulation with bacterial toxin and adjuvant there was an increased microvascular permeability to fluid, neutrophils, monocytes and fibrin deposits within the connective tissue matrix of milky spots, and a subsequent increased cellular migration across the mesothelial lining into the peritoneal cavity. Cellular migration from the milky spot to the peritoneal cavity is facilitated by the absence of a basal lamina from the submesothelial connective tissue layer, therefore, cells can migrate from the interstitial spaces of the milky spot to intercellular gaps between mesothelial cells without having to penetrate a fibrous barrier.
Infrared absorption of branched-chain fatty acids and derivatives in the carbon-hydrogen stretching region

An investigation of the lithium fluoride region makes it possible to characterize a number of structural isomers of branched-chain fatty acids. For example, 2-methyl, 3-methyl, and 5-methyl hexanoic acids may be distinguished. Similarly a number of isomers of octanoic acid may be identified ; 2-n-propyl and 2-isopropyl hexanoic acid may be differentiated. The isomers of 2-n-butyl hexanoic acid may also be identified.
MUC1 Oncoprotein Stabilizes and Activates Estrogen Receptor α

The MUC1 protein is aberrantly overexpressed by most human breast carcinomas. We report that the MUC1 C-terminal subunit associates with estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) and that this interaction is stimulated by 17beta-estradiol (E2). MUC1 binds directly to the ERalpha DNA binding domain and stabilizes ERalpha by blocking its ubiquitination and degradation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays further demonstrate that MUC1 (1) associates with ERalpha complexes on estrogen-responsive promoters, (2) enhances ERalpha promoter occupancy, and (3) increases recruitment of the p160 coactivators SRC-1 and GRIP1. In concert with these results, we show that MUC1 stimulates ERalpha-mediated transcription and contributes to E2-mediated growth and survival of breast cancer cells. These findings provide evidence that MUC1 stabilizes ERalpha and that this oncoprotein is of importance to the activation of ERalpha function.
Dignifying the educational process through conscientização

Teaching is a very complex endeavor. Embedded within this complex environment are issues of power, culture, ethnicity, and race. When teachers and students come together, in the classroom, some of these issues become visible and others remain invisible. Attempting to make influences on teaching and learning visible is one of the steps toward developing a practice framed by conscientizacao. Ms. Cook, the teacher of this story, is empowering herself and her students; through critical reflection that serves to deneutralize educational acts by recognizing they are embedded in issues of culture, ethnicity, politics, power, and, race. Classroom based research must be more inclusive and indeed cognizant of the mediating macrostructures that teachers deal with everyday. For example, Goldberg and Muir Welsh describe some of the students as being Latinos. In doing so, they adopts a third person as opposed to a first person view of these students. A first person view can acknowledge a dialectical relationship between race and ethnicity.
METHODS FOR SCALING ICING TEST CONDITIONS.

This report presents the results of tests at NASA Lewis to evaluate several methods to establish suitable alternative test conditions when the test facility limits the model size or operating conditions. The first method was proposed by Olsen. It can be applied when full-size models are tested and all the desired test conditions except liquid-water content can be obtained in the facility. The other two methods discussed are: a modification of the French scaling law and the AEDC scaling method. Icing tests were made with cylinders at both reference and scaled conditions representing mixed and glaze ice in the NASA Lewis Icing Research Tunnel. Reference and scale ice shapes were compared to evaluate each method. The Olsen method was tested with liquid-water content varying from 1.3 to .8 g/m(exp3). Over this range, ice shapes produced using the Olsen method were unchanged. The modified French and AEDC methods produced scaled ice shapes which approximated the reference shapes when model size was reduced to half the reference size for the glaze-ice cases tested.
Democracy & Rhetoric: John Dewey on the Arts of Becoming

Nathan Crick, Democracy & Rhetoric: John Dewey on the Arts of Becoming (Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 2010), xii+224 pp. $49.95 (cloth). John Dewey's stock in the field of rhetorica...
Bis-Fe(IV): nature’s sniper for long-range oxidation

Iron-dependent enzymes are prevalent in nature and participate in a wide range of biological redox activities. Frequently, high-valence iron intermediates are involved in the catalytic events of iron-dependent enzymes, especially when the activation of peroxide or molecular oxygen is involved. Building on the fundamental framework of iron–oxygen chemistry, these reactive intermediates constantly attract significant attention from the enzymology community. During the past few decades, tremendous efforts from a number of laboratories have been dedicated to the capture and characterization of these intermediates to improve mechanistic understandings. In 2008, an unprecedented bis-Fe(IV) intermediate was reported in a c-type diheme enzyme, MauG, which is involved in the maturation of a tryptophan tryptophylquinone cofactor of methylamine dehydrogenase. This intermediate, although chemically equivalent to well-characterized high-valence iron intermediates, such as compound I, compound ES, and intermediate Q in methane monooxygenase, as well as the hypothetical Fe(V) species in Rieske non-heme oxygenases, is orders of magnitude more stable than these other high-valence species in the absence of its primary substrate. It has recently been discovered that the bis-Fe(IV) intermediate exhibits a unique near-IR absorption feature which has been attributed to a novel charge-resonance phenomenon. This review compares the properties of MauG with structurally related enzymes, summarizes the current knowledge of this new high-valence iron intermediate, including its chemical origin and structural basis, explores the formation and consequences of charge resonance, and recounts the long-range catalytic mechanism in which bis-Fe(IV) participates. Biological strategies for storing oxidizing equivalents with iron ions are also discussed.
Developing successful employees: perceptions of industry leaders and academicians

This study was designed to discover what is believed to be important for a student to be successful in the retailing field, graduating from a four‐year college program. The research design was Q‐methodology, utilizing 47 statements on a Lickert scale sorted by 23 representatives of both the academy and retailing industry. The study found a distinct gap in the perceptions of industry respondents versus the academics included in the study. While industry believes that strong affective skills, such as “leadership” and “decision making” were the most desirable characteristics for future executives, the academy favors more interpersonal affective competencies and overall ranked cognitive skills higher than the other group. Further, the study found academicians believed that their opinions would mirror those of the industry. However, this was clearly not supported.