cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The minimum number of days required to establish reliable physical activity estimates in children aged 2-15 years.

The purpose of this study was to determine the minimum number of days needed to assess reliable estimates of step-count data for children based on age and gender. A total of 428 developing children (at least 30 boys and 30 girls in seven two-year intervals from 2–3 years to 14–15 years of age) wore a StepWatch accelerometer for 7 consecutive days. Following data screening, the 422 children's data were finally analyzed by age and sex groups using the Generalizability theory. Single-facet crossed designs (i.e. Participant (P) × Days (D)) were applied for each of 14 datasets. G-studies were performed to quantify the percentage of variance associated with the facet and interaction in the model. Follow-up D-studies were performed to determine the minimum number of days of step-count data collection needed to achieve a desirable reliability coefficient (G ≥ 0.80). The results from the G-studies show that P explained a large percentage of the total variance (26–71%) while D had little effect on the total variance (0–5%). A relatively large percentage of variance was unidentified (i.e. the P × D interaction). The minimum number of days necessary to achieve a desirable reliability coefficient (G ≥ 0.80) ranged from 2 to 12 d. On average, boys required less days of monitoring than girls. Researchers should use the findings of this study to design data collection that ensures reliable data.
Effect of molecular orientation on the nuclear photon scattering from 11B

Abstract The dependence of resonance scattered photon intensities on the molecular orientation of the target was observed using bremsstrahlung photons. This was achieved in a self-absorption measurement by employing a 11 B target in the form of pyrolytic boron nitride (PBN).
Mobile robot map updating using attributed fuzzy tournament matching

The maintenance of a map of a mobile robot's surroundings is essential to its autonomous operation. The decision on when to add, delete or modify the abstacle descriptions should be made frequently. These decisions are based on the comparison of sensory data (vision, ultrasonic or laser interferometry) with a-priori information in the map. In this paper, the attributed fuzzy tournaments are suggested as a nonlinear data structure to represent the uncertainty in the contents of the map and the sensory data. An algorithm to compute the level of match between the map and the perceived image of the surrounding obstacles is introduced.
Longitudinal Gompertzian analysis of Parkinson's disease mortality in the U.S., 1955–1986: The dramatic increase in overall mortality since 1980 is the natural consequence of deterministic mortality dynamics

Abstract Age-adjusted mortality rates for Parkinson's disease (PD) for men and women in the United States, from 1955 to 1986, were calculated and subjected to longitudinal Gompertzian analysis. Annual age-adjusted PD mortality rate distributions were determined by a common intersect point and a variable environmental factor. For men, the death rate at age 73.75 years was 19.15/100 000; for women, the death rate at age 78.99 years was 28.64/100 000 for each year from 1955 to 1986. The environmental factor declined (improved) 360.7-fold for men and 319.6-fold for women in 1986 compared to 1955. Despite this dramatic environmental improvement favoring survival in PD, there has been a 57.6% increase since 1980 in the annual crude PD mortality rate for men compared to the stable annual crude mortality rate from 1955 to 1979. A corresponding 37.9% increase in the annual crude PD mortality rate for women has also occurred since 1980. The increase in overall mortality is due entirely to rapidly increasing age-adjusted mortality rates at ages greater than the intersect points for men and women. The results suggest that overall mortality due to common ‘degenerative’ diseases may increase dramatically as has occurred in PD.
Material Characterization Studies on Low- and High-Carbon Rice Husk Ash and Their Performance in Portland Cement Mixtures

In this study, low- and high-carbon rice husk ash (RHA) in their as-received and ground forms were characterized by means of different methods in order to evaluate their performance in Portland cement mixtures. RHA-cement pastes and mortars, at three different RHA replacement levels of 0 %, 10 %, and 20 %, were prepared at a constant water/cement ratio of 0.485. Results from this investigation indicate that the material characteristics of low- and high-carbon RHA were significantly different in most of the tests conducted. In the as-received condition, the high-carbon RHA had a greater bulk density than low-carbon RHA, but their bulk densities were comparable after grinding. The low-carbon RHA was more effective in its pozzolanic reaction than high-carbon RHA in both ground and as-received conditions. The microstructures of both low-carbon and high-carbon RHA cement pastes were denser than those of control pastes. At a given dosage of RHA and superplasticizer, the ground and the as-received low-carbon RHA mixtures performed significantly better than the high-carbon RHA mixtures. Similarly, mixtures with low-carbon RHA showed significantly higher strength activity indices than those with high-carbon RHA at both dosage levels investigated. Grinding RHA was found to be beneficial in all the tests conducted, as the ground RHA mixtures depleted more calcium hydroxide, registered higher flow values, and possessed greater strength than unground RHA mixtures at all replacement levels. Thus, the grinding process significantly helps in utilizing both high- and low-carbon RHA in concrete.
Meeting Report: Signaling Schemes for TGF-β

The transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily of signaling molecules regulates many developmental processes in a range of organisms from worms to humans. Understanding the mechanisms by which they exert their repertoire of effects has required identification of the components of signaling pathways that they control. Roberts and Derynck focus on this aspect of TGF-beta biology in their review of a recent Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology (FASEB) meeting on TGF-beta signaling and development and summarize current signaling paradigms and future prospects in TGF-beta signaling from the cell surface to the nucleus.
High-dose chemotherapy with autologous bone marrow transplantation for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer.

PURPOSEThis review was undertaken to examine the evidence of effectiveness of high-dose chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation (HDC/ABMT) for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer and to compare the magnitudes of the benefits and harms of HDC/ABMT with those of conventional doses of chemotherapy.DESIGNPublished studies were reviewed and analyzed.RESULTSNo randomized controlled trials have been published that evaluate HDC/ABMT. Only one internally controlled study has been conducted; it demonstrated that HDC/ABMT and conventional treatment have virtually identical outcomes. Comparisons of uncontrolled clinical series are confounded by patient selection and other biases. Gross comparisons indicate that, compared with conventional-dose chemotherapy, HDC/ABMT achieves (1) higher complete response rates (36% v 8%), (2) higher overall response rates (70% v 39%), (3) similar median response durations (8 months v 9.6 months), (4) similar median survival durations (16 months v 16.6 months), an...
Gut resistome development in healthy twin pairs in the first year of life

The early life of the human host marks a critically important time for establishment of the gut microbial community, yet the developmental trajectory of gut community-encoded resistance genes (resistome) is unknown. We present a longitudinal study of the fecal antibiotic resistome of healthy amoxicillin-exposed and antibiotic-naive twins and their mothers during the first year of life. We extracted metagenomic DNA (mgDNA) from fecal samples collected from three healthy twin pairs at three timepoints (1 or 2 months, 6 or 7 months, and 11 months) and from their mothers (collected at delivery). The mgDNA was used to construct metagenomic expression libraries in an Escherichia coli host. These libraries were screened for antibiotic resistance, and functionally selected resistance genes were sequenced and annotated. A diverse fecal resistome distinct from the maternal resistome was apparent by 2 months of age, and infants’ fecal resistomes included resistance to clinically important broad-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotics (e.g., piperacillin-tazobactam, aztreonam, cefepime) not found in their mothers. Dissemination of resistance genes among members of a given family was positively correlated with sharing of those same resistance genes between unrelated families, potentially identifying within-family sharing as a marker of resistance genes emerging in the human community at large. Finally, we found a distinct developmental trajectory for a community-encoded function: chloramphenicol resistance. All study subjects at all timepoints harbored chloramphenicol resistance determinants, but multidrug efflux pumps (rarely found in mothers) were the primary effectors of chloramphenicol resistance in young infants. Chloramphenicol acetyltransferases were more common in mothers than in infants and were found in nearly all the infants at later timepoints. Our results suggest that healthy 1–2-month-old infants’ gut microbes harbor clinically relevant resistance genes distinct from those of their mothers, and that family-specific shared environmental factors early in life shape resistome development.
Self-Monitoring Strategies as a Unique Predictor of Latino Male Student Achievement

We examined how self-monitoring (i.e., regulating one’s behaviors; Snyder, 1987) relates to Latino male achievement. In Study 1, college students (N = 413) completed self-monitoring items and reported SAT math scores. As hypothesized, self-monitoring was positively correlated with achievement for Latino male students but was unrelated to achievement for Latina and White male and female students. Study 2 used a high school sample (N = 174) and observed math performance. Analyses revealed that, again, self-monitoring was positively related to achievement for Latino male students but unrelated to achievement for Latinas. These findings demonstrate the unique effects of self-monitoring on Latino male student achievement.
Self-organization of sensor networks for detection of pervasive faults

Resource aware operation of sensor networks requires adaptive re-organization to dynamically adapt to the operational environment. A complex dynamical system of interacting components (e.g., computer network and social network) is represented as a graph, component states as spins, and interactions as ferromagnetic couplings. Using an Ising-like model, the sensor network is shown to adaptively self-organize based on partial observation, and real-time monitoring and detection is enabled by adaptive redistribution of limited resources. The algorithm is validated on a test-bed that simulates the operations of a sensor network for detection of percolating faults (e.g. computer viruses, infectious disease, chemical weapons, and pollution) in an interacting multi-component complex system.
Geographic variation in the calls of wild chimpanzees: a reassessment

Male chimpanzees produce a species-typical call, the pant hoot, to communicate to conspecifics over long-distances. Calls given by males from the well-known Gombe and Mahale populations typically consist of four different phases: an introduction, build-up, climax, and let-down. Recent observations suggest that chimpanzees living in the Kibale National Park, Uganda, consistently give calls that lack a build-up and are thus qualitatively distinguishable acoustically from those made by other East African conspecifics. We analyzed additional recordings from Mahale and Kibale to re-examine geographic variation in chimpanzee calls. Results indicate that males from both sites produce pant hoots containing all four parts of the call. Calls made by chimpanzees from the two populations, however, differ in quantitative acoustic measures. Specifically, males at Kibale initiate their calls with significantly longer elements and build-up over briefer periods at slower rates than individuals from Mahale. Kibale males also deliver acoustically less variable calls than chimpanzees at Mahale. Although climax elements do not differ between populations in any single acoustic feature, discriminant function analysis reveals that acoustic variables can be used in combination to assign calls to the correct population at rates higher than that expected by chance. Ecological factors related to differences in habitat acoustics, the sound environment of the local biota, and body size are likely to account for these observed macrogeographic variations in chimpanzee calls.
A Study of the Iron-Gentisate Reaction and Its Application

A hitherto unreported reaction of gentisic acid with ferric ion is studied. Optimum conditions for the development of the iron gentisate color are determined. An application of the reaction is indicated.
The Invention of the Pilidium Larva in an Otherwise Perfectly Good Spiralian Phylum Nemertea

Synopsis One of the most remarkable larval types among spiralians, and invertebrates in general, is the planktotrophic pilidium. The pilidium is found in a single clade of nemerteans, called the Pilidiophora, and appears to be an innovation of this group. All other nemerteans have either planktotrophic or lecithotrophic juvenile-like planuliform larvae or have direct development. The invention of the pilidium larva is associated with the formation of an extensive blastocoel that supports the delicate larval frame and elaborate ciliary band. Perhaps the most striking characteristic of the pilidium is the way the juvenile worm develops inside the larva from a series of isolated rudiments, called the imaginal discs. The paired cephalic discs, cerebral organ discs, and trunk discs originate as invaginations of larval epidermis and subsequently grow and fuse around the larval gut to form the juvenile. The fully formed juvenile ruptures the larval body and, more often than not, devours the larva during catastrophic metamorphosis. This review is an attempt to examine the pilidium in the context of recent data on development of non-pilidiophoran nemerteans, and speculate about the evolution of pilidial larval development. The author emphasizes the difference between the planuliform larvae of Palaeonemerteans and Hoplonemerteans, and suggest a new name for the hoplonemertean larvae—the decidula.
A Hybrid Rod-Catenary Model to Simulate Nonlinear Dynamics of Cables With Low and High Tension Zones

Cables under very low tension may become highly contorted and form loops, tangles, knots and kinks. These nonlinear deformations, which are dominated by flexure and torsion, pose serious concerns for cable deployment. Simulation of the three-dimensional nonlinear dynamics of loop and tangle formation requires a 12th order rod model and the computational effort increases rapidly with increasing cable length and integration time. However, marine cable applications which result in local zones of low-tension very frequently involve large zones of high-tension where the effects of flexure and torsion are insignificant. Simulation of the three-dimensional dynamics of high-tension cables requires only a 6th order catenary model which significantly reduces computational effort relative to a rod model. We propose herein a hybrid computational cable model that employs computationally efficient catenary elements in high-tension zones and rod elements in localized low-tension zones to capture flexure and torsion precisely where needed.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
ETA: electrical-level timing analysis

A timing analyzer is described which pegoms timing analysis considering electrical-level details such as input signal slope, gate input distinction, charge sharing, and interconnect, while also taking into account such high-level concerns as path sensitization. The circuit examples given demonstrate the importance of an accurate delay calculation in correctly finding the longest statically sensitizable path.
Supervisory control of deterministic Petri nets with regular specification languages

Algorithms for computing a minimally restrictive control in the context of supervisory control of discrete-event systems have been well developed when both the plant and the desired behaviour are given as regular languages. In this paper the authors extend such prior results by presenting an algorithm for computing a minimally restrictive control when the plant behaviour is a deterministic Petri net language and the desired behaviour is a regular language. As part of the development of the algorithm, the authors establish the following results that are of independent interest: i) the problem of determining whether a given deterministic Petri net language is controllable with respect to another deterministic Petri net language is reducible to a reachability problem of Petri nets and ii) the problem of synthesizing the minimally restrictive supervisor so that the controlled system generates the supremal controllable sublanguage is reducible to a forbidden marking problem. In particular, the authors can directly identify the set of forbidden markings without having to construct any reachability tree.
Sites of binding of acetate, malonate and acetoacetate to the pigeon liver fatty acid synthetase.

Pigeon liver fatty acid synthetase was incubated with acetyl-1-14C- or malonyl-2-14C-CoA, either separately or with a nonradioactive partner. The radioactive protein was then digested with pepsin and the resultant peptides were separated by high-voltage electrophoresis or peptide mapping. Labeled acetyl, malonyl and acetoacetyl peptides were located by autoradiography or by scanning for radioactivity. The radioactive peptides divided into an acidic group (A peptides) and a basic group (B1 and B2 peptides). Binding constants indicated that acetate binds strongly to the A and B2 peptides. Malonate was bound tightly only to the B1 peptides. When unlabeled acetyl-CoA and radioactive malonyl-CoA were present in an incubation mixture, radioactivity was found in acetoacetate. The latter was bound to the A peptides. 4′-Phosphopantetheine (one mole per mole of synthetase) is the prosthetic group of the A peptides. The binding sites of the B peptides have not been identified. The relevance of these findings to the mechanism of fatty acid biosynthesis is discussed.
Restoring the cornea from limbal stem cells.

“…in light of the result that ABCB5 helps to amplify a PAX6-positive limbal stem cell population … it will now be important to test whether ABCB5 selection could also enhance the conversion of skin epithelial stem cells to corneal epithelial stem cells.”
Low locoregional recurrence rates in patients treated after 2000 with doxorubicin based chemotherapy, modified radical mastectomy, and post-mastectomy radiation

Purpose To determine the rate of locoregional recurrence (LRR) associated with modern tri-modality therapy.
Video see-through design for merging of real and virtual environments

A head mounted display (HMD) that is optically opaque with respect to the outer world can be provided with see-through capability by mounting video cameras to the outside of the helmet. Stereoscopic views of the physical space surrounding the wearer are captured by the video cameras, and are projected to the display screens inside the HMD. The conditions necessary for mounting the cameras to a pre-existing, non-see-through HMD are described, and the advantages and disadvantages of different mounting schemes are discussed, together with the design of the video cameras lenses to be used with this specific application. >
Coagulation Disorders and Orthopedic Surgery

Bleeding complications of surgery are amongst the greatest of a surgeon’s concerns threatening not only the patient but also the success of the surgical procedure. This chapter focuses on disorders and processes that enhance the risk of bleeding in the setting of surgery. A practical method for the assessment of such risk prior to surgery will be developed emphasizing an approach utilizing information derived from the patients’ history, deemphasizing a reliance on the laboratory.
Solid Malignancies in Individuals With Down Syndrome: A Case Presentation and Literature Review

Abstract Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) are at elevated risk for acute leukemia, whereas solid tumors are uncommon, and most types, including breast cancers, have significantly lower-than-expected age-adjusted incidence rates. This article reports on a man with DS and breast cancer, thought to be the first in the literature, and presents the management of his cancer. The literature on malignancies in patients with DS is reviewed and the major epidemiologic studies that have examined the spectrum of cancer risk in individuals with DS are summarized. Potential environmental and genetic determinants of cancer risk are discussed, and the potential role of chromosomal mosaicism in cancer risk among patients with DS is explored. Trisomy of chromosome 21, which causes DS, provides an extra copy of genes with tumor suppressor or repressor functions. Recent studies have leveraged mouse and human genetics to uncover specific candidate genes on chromosome 21 that mediate these effects. In addition, global perturbations in gene expression programs have been observed, with potential effects on proliferation and self-renewal.
From Voxel Vistas: Place-Making in Minecraft

The concept of place informs much of human meaning-making in both space and time. This paper seeks to bridge gaps between the literature on place and research on video games and virtual worlds by finding points of intersection between each field. I analyze the immensely successful independently-developed video game Minecraft through my own experience and an analysis of gameplay videos uploaded to YouTube. The game serves as an ideal framework within which to study place-making due to three core qualities that illuminate intersections in place and video game/virtual worlds literature: (a) alteration/change, (b) proximity, and (c) conflict/cooperation. I problematize dichotomies between “actual” and “virtual” versions of reality as well as “physical” and “social” constructions of place. Through this study, I use Minecraft as an example of the consistency of human place-making across environments, whether digital or physical.
Malignant angioendotheliomatosis. An angiotropic lymphoma

A 61-year-old woman developed progressive neurologic deficits and died with pneumonia and septicemia. An autopsy demonstrated the characteristic intravascular and focal perivascular infiltrate of malignant angioendotheliomatosis (MAE) throughout the body but concentrated in the central nervous system and skin. Ultrastructurally, the neoplastic cells lacked evidence of endothelial differentiation. Immunohistochemical studies showed focal staining for Factor VIII–related antigen, probably on a nonspecific basis, negative staining for Ulex europaeus I lectin (an endothelial cell marker), and intense staining for leukocyte common antigen. The authors’ observations provide evidence that at least some examples of MAE are unusual, angiotropic lymphoid neoplasms.
Psychometric Analysis of Forensic Interviews and Post Hoc Interview Evaluations

Adults in many settings sometimes question children with the goal of discovering information about their experiences. When a variety of professionals (e.g., police officers, social workers, clinical psychologists, physicians) engage in this for the purpose of gaining information that is legally relevant this process is generally called “a forensic interview.” When the goal of the forensic interview is to discover from the child some information about whether or not he or she has been sexually abused, and if so, details about this abuse, this process may be called “a forensic interview of a child regarding sexual abuse status.”
Assessment on booster immunization of inactivated hepatitis A vaccine in healthy infants

[Objective]To assess the effectiveness and safety of the booster immunization with inactivated hepatitis A vaccine,provide a complement for hepatitis A immunization strategy.[Methods]100 24-38 months old children who have completed the attenuated hepatitis A vaccination 6 months ago received the booster immunization with one dose of inactivated hepatitis A vaccine.After one month,the levels of anti-HAs before and after immunization were detected,in order to evaluate the geometric mean concentration(GMC) and the positive rate.The clinical symptoms were observed for 3 three days to assess its safety.[Results]One month after immunization,the positive rate of hepatitis A antibody increased from 95.2% before immunization to 100%,the GMC increased from 124.4 mIU/ml to 7 269.3 mIU / ml,by 55.7 times.There were 12 cases of adverse reactions with the incidence rate of 5.7%,and all were fever.Severe adverse reaction was not found.[Conclusion]The booster immunization with inactivated hepatitis A vaccine has good immunogenicity and safety.It is proposed to increase the booster immunization with one dose to enhance long-term antibody protection.
Effects of PTH on gene ONC,OPN,C-FOS,COL1,VEGF,RUNX2 and ALP during the distraction osteogenesis in rat mandible

Objective To explore the effects of parathyroid hormone( PTH) on gene ONC,OPN,C-FOS,COL1,VEGF,RUNX2 and ALP during the distraction osteogenesis( DO) in rat mandible. Methods A total of 30 DO models were established with male rats,which were then randomly divided into 5 groups,with 6 animals in each group.Group 1( DO,no PTH) was harvested 8 weeks after surgery,and the tissues were tested using HE and micro-CT.Group 2( DO,no PTH),Group 3( DO,PTH),Group 4( no DO,PTH),Group 5( control Group,no DO,no PTH) were harvested 1 week after surgery,and Real-time PCR was used to quantify the genes: ONC,OPN,C-FOS,COL1,VEGF,RUNX2 and ALP. Results In Group 1,histological test and micro-CT showed newbone formation in the gap. In Groups 2,3 and 4,especially in Group 3,RT-PCR test showed that compared with the control group,OPN,COL1,RUNX2 and ALP genes were significantly increased( P 0. 05),while ONC,C-FOS,and VEGF genes were not significantly different( P 0. 05). Conclusion Intermittent administration of PTH increases bone formation only in the distraction period. PTH has synergetic effect on gene expressions of OPN,COL1,RUNX2 and ALP.
A Sampling Clock Skew Correction Technique for Time-Interleaved SAR ADCs

A technique for sampling clock skew correction by adjusting the delay in the input signal to each channel in a time-interleaved (TI) ADC is proposed. A proof-of-concept TI ADC employing this technique was implemented in a 65 nm CMOS process. The four-way TI ADC operates at an effective sampling rate of 150 MS/s, and achieves 60.2 dB and 58.2 dB SNDR for an input signal frequency of 2.1 MHz and 74.1 MHz, respectively. The ADC consumes 12.4 mW from a 1.2 V supply and occupies an area of 0.9 mm2.
Measurement of the W + W - Production Cross Section and Differential Cross Sections with Jets in p p ‾ Collisions at √{ s} = 1.96 TeV

Abstract W + W − production is an interesting process in the gauge sector being produced both by radiation from quarks and multiple gauge boson coupling. It is also a critical background for measurements of Higgs production with decay to WW bosons. A measurement of the W boson pair production cross section with additional jets is presented. This is the first measurement to include the differential cross section as a function of jet multiplicity and leading jet energy, and the most precise measurement of W boson pair production at a p p ‾ collider. The WW cross section is measured in the two charged lepton and two neutrino final state, where the charged leptons are electrons or muons. Using 9.7fb-1 of data collected by the CDF II detector, the total cross section is measured to be σ ( p p ‾ → W + W − + X ) = 14.0 ± 0.6 ( stat ) − 1.0 + 1.2 ( syst ) ± 0.8 ( lumi ) pb , consistent with the Standard Model prediction.
Hot water and organic acid interventions to control microbiological contamination on hog carcasses during processing.

Pork skin and muscle tissue were washed with water at temperatures from 25 to 80°C. Water temperatures of 65 and 80°C resulted in greater population reductions of Enterobacteriaceae on pork muscle tissue than lower water temperatures. There was no observable effect of water temperature on population reductions of Enterobacteriaceae on pork skin. Water temperatures of 55, 65, and 80°C reduced the populations of Enterobacteriaceae on inoculated scalded carcasses processed in a university abattoir by 1 to 1.5 log/cm2. Following the water wash with an organic acid rinse resulted in further numerical reductions in populations, although these were not statistically different from the water wash alone. The jowls of both scalded and skinned carcasses processed in a commercial establishment were directly inoculated with a fecal material slurry and then processed with organic acid rinsing only, hot water washing only, or a combination of hot water washing followed by organic acid rinsing. The hot water and acid tre...
Analysis of Small Critical Regions of Swi1 Conferring Prion Formation, Maintenance, and Transmission.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains several prion elements, which are epigenetically transmitted as self-perpetuating protein conformations. One such prion is [SWI+ ], whose protein determinant is Swi1, a subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex. We previously reported that [SWI+ ] formation results in a partial loss-of-function phenotype of poor growth in nonglucose medium and abolishment of multicellular features. We also showed that the first 38 amino acids of Swi1 propagated [SWI+]. We show here that a region as small as the first 32 amino acids of Swi1 (Swi11-32) can decorate [SWI+] aggregation and stably maintain and transmit [SWI+] independently of full-length Swi1. Regions smaller than Swi11-32 are either incapable of aggregation or unstably propagate [SWI+]. When fused to Sup35MC, the [PSI+ ] determinant lacking its PrD, Swi11-31 and Swi11-32 can act as transferable pr ion d omains (PrDs). The resulting fusions give rise to a novel chimeric prion, [SPS+], exhibiting [PSI+]-like nonsense suppression. Thus, an NH2-terminal region of ∼30 amino acids of Swi1 contains all the necessary information for in vivo prion formation, maintenance, and transmission. This PrD is unique in size and composition: glutamine free, asparagine rich, and the smallest defined to date. Our findings broaden our understanding of what features allow a protein region to serve as a PrD.
Engagement, Emotions, and Relationships: On Building Intelligent Agents

Abstract This chapter reports on research in the development of collaborative intelligent agents. This text argues that intelligent agents, both virtual and robotic, must know about more than just the task they are performing during collaboration with a human. They must also be capable of managing engagement with their human partners, expressing affect as it pertains to the collaboration, and modeling the relationship the agent develops with the user over time. The present chapter draws on examples of human-to-human collaborations to illustrate how affective expressions play a role in the outcome of the collaboration. It also presents numerous examples of research with agents that include engagement interaction during dialog and model relationships, while being collaborators with human users.
SURFACES OF ORGANS IN DISCRETE THREE-DIMENSIONAL SPACE

Computerized Tomography provides representations of the human body by assigning values (CT numbers) to volume elements (voxels) which are abutting parallelepipeds filling a portion of three-dimensional space. Organs can be distinguished from their immediate surrounding if the CT numbers of voxels just inside the organ are different from those of adjacent voxels just outside the organ. The boundary between the organ and its surrounding is then representable by a set of faces separating pairs of voxels.
Ripple Suppression of On-Chip Switched-Inductor Power Supplies

Emerging applications demand compact, battery-powered, and highly functional microsystems that require on-chip integration, low average power, and high peak-to-average power ratios. Switched inductors are popular power supplies because they are power efficient. Switching a power inductor, however, generates a nonlinear current ripple that is often difficult to tolerate and manage. The problem is more severe with on-chip nH inductors and pF capacitors. This paper explores how switching power supplies can manage and reduce this ripple. Although multiphase and filter suppressors help, analog cancellation can be 38× to 77× more effective, but also less power efficient and 23× to 55× more sensitive to mismatch from drift.
Progress in Gravitation Since the Late Forties

In 1952, upon returning from India where he had been a Fulbright Scholar at the Tata Institute for Fundamental Research in Bombay, Bryce DeWitt took a position as senior physicist at Lawrence Livermore National Lab oratories, a national lab founded by the University of California under the direction of Edward Teller and Ernest Lawrence.
Fe Thin Film Coated Optics for Corrosion Monitoring

Fe thin film coated optics were developed to monitor the internal corrosion in natural gas transmission pipelines. The Fe thin film corrosion behavior was studied in CO2-saturated 3.5%wt. NaCl solution using in-situ direct electrochemical methods.
Optimized Compilation of Multiset Rewriting with Comprehensions

We extend the rule-based, multiset rewriting language CHR with multiset comprehension patterns. Multiset comprehension provides the programmer with the ability to write multiset rewriting rules that can match a variable number of entities in the state. This enables implementing algorithms that coordinate large amounts of data or require aggregate operations in a declarative way, and results in code that is more concise and readable than with pure CHR. We call this extension CHR cp . In this paper, we formalize the operational semantics of CHR cp and define a low-level optimizing compilation scheme based on join ordering for the efficient execution of programs. We provide preliminary empirical results that demonstrate the scalability and effectiveness of this approach.
Design and simulation of a lab-scale down-hole drilling system:

As global energy demand rises, so does the need for resources and the means to extract them safely and efficiently by means of, for example, down-hole drilling. These large mechanical rigs often en...
A Smart Autonomous WPT System for Electric Wheelchair Applications With Free-Positioning Charging Feature

Electric wheelchairs (EWs) are gradually replacing conventional wheelchairs as an assistive tool for people with disabilities who are unable to use the physical force to drive manual wheelchairs on their own. EW charging requires manipulating, plugging in, and unplugging an off-board charger, which can be challenging or impossible for people with severe disabilities. In this paper, a comprehensive solution to the problem of EW recharging is provided in the form of a smart, autonomous charging system, based on the wireless power transfer (WPT) technology. In this paper, a sufficiently large area of 0.75 m2 for a floor-charging pad involving multiple primary coils has been implemented while offering a free-positioning charging feature. A novel design methodology for primary and secondary charging pads’ optimization has been developed, taking into account various complex real-life constraints. In addition, a novel 250-W WPT controller design has been employed to maximize misalignment tolerance up to 7 cm while maintaining high system efficiency. In this paper, a novel, comprehensive, system-level organization of a master controller design has been presented which manages continuous coordination between the WPT controllers and the autonomous docking controller, records important system data, maintains safe operation of overall system, and prevents hazardous exposure to potentially harmful magnetic field beyond $15~\mu \text{T}$ . In addition, a novel design methodology for primary and secondary charging pads’ optimization has been developed, which takes into account various real-life constraints, and provides a fair comparison between different designs in a multivariable environment. The proposed design is tested in laboratory conditions and later validated in a practical environment.
Inadvertent hyperoxia during intraoperative care in neonates: a case-series study.

While oxygen administration has been in clinical practice, the focus has generally been on avoidance of hypoxemia. More recently, renewed emphasis has been placed on the potential deleterious effects of hyperoxia. The aim of this study is to investigate the incidence of intraoperative inadvertent hyperoxia among neonate, which was defined at three different thresholds: normoxia (PaO2 60–100 mmHg), hyperoxia (PaO2 101–199 mmHg), and severe hyperoxia (PaO2 ≥ 200 mmHg). This study included 65 patients with 174 eligible arterial blood gas (ABG) samples, who were less than 60 weeks post-menstrual age and required a non-cardiac surgical procedure. Among the 65 patients, 62 (96%) patients experienced either hyperoxia or severe hyperoxia during general anesthesia on at least one ABG. Among the 174 ABG readings, only 28 (16%) had PaO2 levels within our defined normoxia range. The incidence of hyperoxia in neonate under general anesthesia is high. Although it is unknown if brief exposure during anesthesia is associated with similar outcomes, educational initiatives seem warranted to increase awareness of these clinical concerns, as there seems to be limited clinical benefit from such care.
Deep Learning Based Multimedia Data Mining for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Diagnosis

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neuro-developmental disorder characterized by deficits in social communication and restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior. Autism is estimated to affect 1 in 59 children in the United States and costs roughly $35B to the society. Early diagnosis of ASD is vital for promoting early intervention and positive developmental outcomes. Traditional diagnostic procedures for ASD include structured behavioral observation by a trained clinician. Diagnosticians typically rely on the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS-2) to quantify ASD symptoms. In this paper, we take a parallel approach and investigate language modalities and discover associations between objective measurements of social communication and ASD symptoms. We analyze 33 children with autism and extract their linguistic patterns from their conversations with diagnosticians in a clinical setting. Our methods use Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) networks to learn Speech Activity Detection (SAD) and speaker diarization patterns to generate the vocal turn-taking metrics. We then use our novel proposed pipeline to predict the ADOS-2 Calibrated Severity Scores (CSS) of Social Affect (SA). The proposed framework achieve state-of-the-art predictive diagnostic estimates of ASD severity compared to industry's leading algorithms. Results compared with the language acquisition system Language ENvironment Analysis (LENA) and other algorithms indicate a significant improvement in the R2 measure.
[PI283] Worker Protection Standard: Records of Employee Safety Training

The EPA’s Worker Protection Standard for Agricultural Pesticides (WPS) covers pesticides used in the outdoor and enclosed-space production of plants on farms, forests, and nurseries, as well as greenhouses. The WPS requires agricultural employers to take steps to reduce pesticide-related risks when agricultural workers and pesticide handlers are exposed to these pesticides. The EPA has made several changes to the WPS since it was fully implemented in 1995, and this new 3-page document addresses maintaining records of worker and handler training under the revised WPS, including a sample employee-training verification. Written by Frederick M. Fishel and published by the UF/IFAS Pesticide Information Office. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pi283
Truth and Context

It is widely, though not universally, acknowledged that the truth of fully determinate propositions often depend on the contexts in which they occur. In addition to that fairly innocuous claim I venture the much bolder claim that context can aid in demonstrating the truth of a number of propositions that ascribe homely properties to fictional (and, I assume, non-existent) subjects. After summarizing salient and what I deem to be worthwhile objections to my view, I set out to expose their flaws. With that in the archives I build the case for my conclusion. It consists in showing how accounting for differences among cases make judgments of truth and falsity unavoidable, and how to circumvent some familiar pitfalls.
F-18 Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography (FDG PET) in Epilepsies

Brain FDG PET is probably the most commonly performed functional neuroimaging modality in the pre-surgical evaluation of epileptogenic foci/zones for patients with medically refractory focal (partial) seizures (Cendes, Handb Clin Neurol 136:985–1014, 2016; Rathore et al., Epilepsy Res 108:1306–1314, 2014; Sarikaya Am J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 5:416–430, 2015). As an ictal FDG PET is fortuitously performed mainly due to technical challenges (Gaillard, Wyllie’s treatment of epilepsy: principles and practice. Wolters Kluwer, Philadelphia, 2011), nearly all the brain FDG PET scans shall be interpreted as interictal studies, which typically show asymmetric and focal cortical hypometabolism suggesting an epileptogenic focus/zone in an appropriate clinical setting. Although most of the epileptogenic foci/zones emanate from the temporal lobe (Abou-Khalil, Bradley’s neurology in clinical practice. Elsevier, London, 2016; Kumar and Chugani, J Nucl Med Technol 45:14–21, 2017), often called temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), extratemporal lobe epilepsy could take place in the frontal, parietal, occipital, and even insular lobe. Diaschisis secondary to medically refractory seizures may present as ipsilateral thalamic hypometabolism or contralateral cerebellar hypometabolism or both. Since the FDG PET-delineated epileptogenic foci/zones are often expanded/propagated (Kumar and Chugani, J Nucl Med Technol 45:14–21, 2017), further workup with or correlation with ictal/interictal brain perfusion SPECT studies and EEG seizure monitoring is always recommended. Several cases in this chapter also show that, in conjunction with anatomic neuroimaging studies (MRI and CT), FDG PET plays an important role in the metabolic characterization of the underlying causes of focal seizures, such as focal cortical dysplasia (FCD), brain tumors, vascular malformations, stroke, or tuberous sclerosis (TS). In addition to localizing epileptogenic foci/zones, FDG PET provides imaging evidence of metabolic integrity of the rest of the brain, which is equally important in the assessment of patients’ neurosurgical candidacy.
Interpersonal Behavior Therapy (IBT), Functional Assessment, and the Value of Principle-Driven Behavioral Case Conceptualizations

We introduce interpersonal behavior therapy (IBT) in the context of a brief history of evolving paradigms of psychotherapy research and the rise of the third-wave behavior therapies facing the challenges of the introduction of middle-level terms in the service of their dissemination. The article focuses on IBT as a response to the evolution of functional analytic psychotherapy (FAP) and its movement away from behavioral principles and functional assessment. IBT is proposed as a contemporary behavioral treatment whose focus is on interpersonal distress, emphasizes the need for a functional assessment to conceptualize client problems, and utilizes behavioral principles to specify the mechanisms of the problem and mechanisms of clinical change. Largely a retooling of the original proposals in FAP, IBT explicates the mechanism responsible for clinical problems and the corresponding mechanism of clinical change. Moreover, as a behavioral therapy, IBT emphasizes the need for functional assessment in conceptualizing client problems and determining clinical treatments. Finally, we call for a unified return to behavioral assessment across the third-wave therapies. This unified approach may help advance principle-driven treatments for complex forms of human suffering as well as offer a path forward to a program of behavioral science and preserve the longevity of behavioral therapies.
Analysis of Generalized Fibrosis in Mouse Tissue Sections with Masson's Trichrome Staining.

Expansion of fibrous connective tissue and abnormal deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) are at the basis of many fibrotic diseases. Fibrosis can occur in response to both physiological and pathological cues, including wound healing, tissue remodeling/repair and inflammation. Chronic fibrosis can lead to severe tissue damage, organ failure and death. Assessing the extent of organ fibrosis is crucial for accurate diagnosis of this condition. The use of Masson’s trichrome staining of tissue sections from skeletal muscle is a fast method for detection of morphological alterations indicative of a fibrotic phenotype in this organ. This staining method detects the extent of collagen fibers deposition and, because it employs the combination of three dyes, can also distinguish muscle fibers (red), from collagen (blue) and nuclei (black), simultaneously.
Bayesian compositional regression with structured priors for microbiome feature selection

The microbiome plays a critical role in human health and disease, and there is a strong scientific interest in linking specific features of the microbiome to clinical outcomes. There are key aspects of microbiome data, however, that limit the applicability of standard variable selection methods. In particular, the observed data are compositional, as the counts within each sample have a fixed-sum constraint. In addition, microbiome features, typically quantified as operational taxonomic units (OTUs), often reflect microorganisms that are similar in function, and may therefore have a similar influence on the response variable. To address the challenges posed by these aspects of the data structure, we propose a variable selection technique with the following novel features: a generalized transformation and z-prior to handle the compositional constraint, and an Ising prior that encourages the joint selection of microbiome features that are closely related in terms of their genetic sequence similarity. We demonstrate that our proposed method outperforms existing penalized approaches for microbiome variable selection in both simulation and the analysis of real data exploring the relationship of the gut microbiome to body mass index (BMI).
CHANDRA OBSERVATIONS OF A 1.9 kpc SEPARATION DOUBLE X-RAY SOURCE IN A CANDIDATE DUAL ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEUS GALAXY AT z = 0.16

We report Chandra observations of a double X-ray source in the z = 0.1569 galaxy SDSS J171544.05+600835.7. The galaxy was initially identified as a dual active galactic nucleus (AGN) candidate based on the double-peaked [O III] λ5007 emission lines, with a line-of-sight velocity separation of 350 km s–1, in its Sloan Digital Sky Survey spectrum. We used the Kast Spectrograph at Lick Observatory to obtain two long-slit spectra of the galaxy at two different position angles, which reveal that the two Type 2 AGN emission components have not only a velocity offset, but also a projected spatial offset of 1.9 h –1 70 kpc on the sky. Chandra/ACIS observations of two X-ray sources with the same spatial offset and orientation as the optical emission suggest that the galaxy most likely contains Compton-thick dual AGNs, although the observations could also be explained by AGN jets. Deeper X-ray observations that reveal Fe K lines, if present, would distinguish between the two scenarios. The observations of a double X-ray source in SDSS J171544.05+600835.7 are a proof of concept for a new, systematic detection method that selects promising dual AGN candidates from ground-based spectroscopy that exhibits both velocity and spatial offsets in the AGN emission features.