cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cycled Diesel Power Plants at Newfoundland Telephone Microwave Sites

This paper reviews Newfoundland Telephone's five year experience in the use of cycled diesel power plants as an alternative power source for prime powered microwave repeater sites. The technique has been developed from a field trial to installation at 13 remote microwave repeaters on both analog and digital heavy routes. The method capitalizes on higher fuel efficiencies yielded by diesel generators if operated intermittently at full load rather than continuously at somewhat lower loads. By coupling the concept to a network surveillance, telemetry, and control system, anticipated operational problems have been overcome. The battery plays a more dynamic role, undergoing daily discharge and recharge cycles. Replacements are more frequent, but nonetheless, the process is still economical. On average, the diesels run only 30% of the time, consuming 65% less fuel than on prime, and savings per site are on the order of $20,000 per year per site.
Interfacial measurements in horizontal stratified flow patterns

Abstract The interfacial characteristic parameters of horizontal stratified wavy flow patterns were experimentally investigated for a mixture of air and water two-phase flow by using the double-sensor, parallel wire conductance probe method. The experiments were conducted in a horizontal flow loop 15.4 m long consisting of Pyrex glass tubing of 50.3 mm i.d. The range of gas superficial velocities was from 0.85 to 31.67 ms −1 and the liquid superficial velocities ranged from 0.014 to 0.127 ms −1 . Several interfacial wave patterns as described by Andritsos and Hanratty (Int. J. Multiphase Flow 13 (1987a) 583–603) were identified and their characteristic parameters such as wave height, most dominant frequency, mean propagation velocity and mean wavelength were investigated in terms of liquid and gas flow rates. The interfacial shear stress calculated from the experimental measurements was used to evaluate the most widely used interfacial shear models.
Improving mobile network performance with two queueing buffer allocations of priority-based queueing scheme

As current mobile core network systems are expected to evolve into all-IP networks, packet switching will be a prerequisite for all mobile applications. Next-generation mobile networks, as envisioned by ITU-T, are packet-based networks capable of providing consistent and ubiquitous service to end users, independent of the network, access technology, and device used. This study discusses the differentiated packet forwarding performance of four major types of mobile network traffic under the proposed mobile network priority-based queueing (MPQ) scheme with two queueing buffer allocations, namely dynamic queueing buffer (DQB) allocation and overflow queueing buffer (OQB) allocation. As different queueing buffer allocations are adopted to store arriving packets in DQB and OQB, the MPQ scheme shows different packet forwarding performance under these two methods. In this study, we use ns2 (Network Simulator version 2) as the simulation platform to simulate several scenarios. The simulation results show that the MPQ scheme is able to support differentiated packet forwarding behavior for mobile traffic with both DQB and OQB allocations in a mobile core network. Some issues were identified in the MPQ scheme with both DQB and OQB allocation, which will need to be addressed.
Use of Course Clustering Strategy to Enhance Relational Learning: A Case Study of Curriculum Experimentation

This paper reports a case study of curriculum experimentation based on a course clustering strategy to enhance student learning. The study involved, in an unconventional manner, clustering courses in dynamics and design of machinery by changing their sequence from serial to parallel; namely, the two courses were offered in the same semester and taken by the same students. A third course on computer applications covering tools of MCAD and CAE was also included in this study as part of the course cluster to further solidify the just-in-time, learn-and-apply process. Results from student performances and course surveys indicate the study was a success and that a course clustering strategy does improve student learning.
Bilayer coatings for light refraction without change of polarization

Abstract Wave refraction without change of polarization at a dielectric—dielectric interface is achieved with a bilayer coating of two transparent thin films. For given refractive indices of all media, the thicknesses of the two films are determined as functions of the angle of incidence. The polarization-independent reflectance and the differential reflection phase shift of the coated substrate are also calculated. Examples are presented of MgF2—ZnS and Ge—MgF2 bilayer coatings on a Ge substrate that refract infrared radiation without change of polarization. Such coatings are useful in the construction of polarization-preserving beam deflectors and beam splitters.
The mineralocorticoid hormone pathways in hypertension with hyperaldosteronism.

Simultaneous measurement of the 0800-hr plasma concentrations of deoxycorticosterone (DOC), corticosterone (B), 18-hydroxycortico-sterone (18-OHB), aldosterone, 18-hydroxydeoxycorticosterone (18-OHDOC) and cortisol (F) in four types of primary aldosteronism provides evidence for primary adrenal disease. Elevated DOC with normal F concentrations in the presence of elevated 18-OHB and aldosterone, and suppressed renin concentration suggests a primary adrenal abnormality of the zona glomerulosa (ZG). Steroid production by the zona fasciculata (ZF), F, 18-OHDOC, and most often B, is normal. These patterns exist only for primary adrenal hyperplasia, aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA), and aldosterone-producing adrenocortical carcinoma (AP-Ca). Elevated DOC levels are rarely found in patients with idiopathic hyperaldosteronism (IHA or adrenal hyperplasia) and suggest that IHA is not a primary adrenal disorder and should be excluded from the syndrome of primary aldosteronism as they have been heretofore.
Characteristics of unprotected left-turn accidents at signalised intersections.

At signalized intersections, a major source of conflict is unprotected left-turning traffic. Relative crash risk is investigated by this study for frequently occurring unprotected left-turn accidents at signalized intersections. To perform this traffic safety analysis, quasi-induced exposure technique is used, based on the 1999-2001 Florida Accident Database. Numerous factors are shown by statistical tests to be associated with unprotected left-turn accidents, including type of vehicle, residence code, physical defect, alcohol use, driver gender, driver age, posted speed limit, weather, lighting conditions, divided/undivided highway, and highway lane numbers.
Solar He ii (304 Å) and Si xi (303 Å) line profiles

Additional observations of He ii (304 A) and Si xi (303 A) were obtained from a high resolution rocket spectrograph flown on 30 August, 1973 and 20 January, 1975. The profile of the He ii (304 A) line is everywhere clearly non-gaussian across the solar disk, except in bright active areas. Near the limb, the profile is distinctly reversed. The profile of the Si xi (303 A) line is essentially gaussian for all regions across the solar disk. Measurements of the He ii/Si xi intensity ratio indicate that the average value of this ratio across the disk depends markedly on solar activity, being about 10∶1 for a moderate level of activity and 30∶1 for a quiet Sun.
A numerical investigation on the interplay amongst geometry, meshes, and linear algebra in the finite element solution of elliptic PDEs

In this paper, we study the effect of the choice of mesh quality metric, preconditioner, and sparse linear solver on the numerical solution of elliptic partial differential equations (PDEs). We smooth meshes on several geometric domains using various quality metrics and solve the associated elliptic PDEs using the finite element method. The resulting linear systems are solved using various combinations of preconditioners and sparse linear solvers. We use the inverse mean ratio and radius ratio metrics in addition to conditioning-based scale-invariant and interpolation-based size-and-shape metrics. We employ the Jacobi, SSOR, incomplete LU, and algebraic multigrid preconditioners and the conjugate gradient, minimum residual, generalized minimum residual, and bi-conjugate gradient stabilized solvers. We focus on determining the most efficient quality metric, preconditioner, and linear solver combination for the numerical solution of various elliptic PDEs with isotropic coefficients. We also investigate the effect of vertex perturbation and the effect of increasing the problem size on the number of iterations required to converge and on the solver time. In this paper, we consider Poisson’s equation, general second-order elliptic PDEs, and linear elasticity problems.
Why Information Systems Fail: A Case Study Approach by Chris Sauer (Alfred Waller Limited, Henley-on-Thames. 1993), pp. xi + 369, £17.95, ISBN 1-872474-08-X

(1994). Why Information Systems Fail: A Case Study Approach by Chris Sauer (Alfred Waller Limited, Henley-on-Thames. 1993), pp. xi + 369, £17.95, ISBN 1-872474-08-X. Prometheus: Vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 268-270.
Electronic transport through metal-1,4-phenylene diisocyanide-metal junctions

Abstract We report measurements on through-bond electronic transport properties of 1,4-phenylene diisocyanide–metal junctions. Nanoscale metal–molecule–metal junctions with self-assembled 1,4-phenylene diisocyanide layers were analyzed with variable temperature conductance measurements to reveal the dominant electronic transport mechanisms. Non-Ohmic thermionic emission is the dominant process, with isocyanide–Pd showing the lowest thermionic barrier of 0.22 eV.
Stimulated Raman spectroscopy in the ν1 region of isotopically substituted benzene dimers: evidence for symmetrically inequivalent benzene moieties

Abstract We report ionization-detected stimulated Raman measurements on four benzene dimer isotopomers. Both isotopically pure and isotopically mixed dimers exhibit a splitting of their ν 1 fundamentals into doublets. The two excited vibrational levels associated with a given species' Raman doublet give rise to significantly different vibronic spectra. It is argued that the results are strong evidence for a ground-state benzene dimer geometry in which the benzene moieties are symmetrically inequivalent.
Serum IgD concentrations in normal infants, children, and adults and in patients with elevated IgE

Earlier studies of serum immunoglobulin D concentrations were hampered by the insensitivity of single radial diffusion, since most normal individuals have IgD concentrations in a range below or near the limit of sensitivity of that method. Using a sensitive double-antibody radioimmunoassay, we measured serum IgD in normal individuals from 28 weeks' gestational age to 70 years of age and in several groups of diseased individuals, many of whom had elevated serum IgE concentrations. The group mean serum IgD concentration in children one to 20 years of age was 13.65 IU/ml. Premature and term neonates had levels that did not differ significantly from each other (0.22 and 0.14 IU/ml, respectively), but that were far lower than serum IgD concentrations in normal children one to 20 years of age (P= −9 ), indicating that mature levels of IgD are achieved sometime during the first year of life. Normal adults aged 21 to 70 years, atopic children with or without eczema, children with serum IgE values greater than 2,000 IU/ml, and children with cystic fibrosis all had group mean IgD concentrations that did not differ significantly from that of normal children. In contrast, 20 patients with the hyper IgE syndrome had a mean serum IgD concentration of 94.22 IU/ml, significantly higher than the normal or any other group mean (P= −5 ).
Utility of polyclonal antibodies targeted toward unique tryptic peptides in the proteomic analysis of cytochrome P450 isozymes

Abstract P450s are key enzymes responsible for biotransformation of numerous endogenous and exogenous compounds and are located in almost every tissue. This superfamily is the largest group of enzymes (>6000) that share a high degree of similarity in protein sequence. The human genome contains 57 CYP genes and 58 pseudogenes. A major gap exists in our knowledge about differences in CYP expression on a protein level. DNA and mRNA information are not sufficient because transcription and particularly translation events are not necessarily correlated with levels of expressed proteins. The data reported in this study complete the framework of an integrated proteomic method for the simultaneous qualitative and quantitative analysis of CYP isozyme composition using MALDI–TOF–MS and immunochemistry that has been developed in our laboratory over the last several years ( Alterman et al., 2005a , Alterman et al., 2005b ) and is based on the fact that each P450 isozyme possesses unique tryptic peptide(s) (UTP) that could be used for differential analysis of human CYP expression. Here we demonstrate that three different immunochemical techniques (ELISA, Western blot, and peptide affinity enrichment on magnetic beads with attached antibodies) have potential to be incorporated in an integrated proteomic method combining mass spectrometry and immunochemistry. Fundamentally, this approach is based on the measurement of the same chemical entity (isozyme-specific UTP) in the tryptic digest by two orthogonal analytical techniques, mass spectrometry and immunochemistry. The application of this approach is illustrated with two human CYP isozymes – CYP1A2 and CYP2E1.
Gelatinase B–deficient Mice Are Resistant to Experimental Bullous Pemphigoid

Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune subepidermal blistering disease characterized by deposition of autoantibodies at the basement membrane zone. In an experimental BP model in mice, the subepidermal blistering is mediated by antibodies directed against the hemidesmosomal protein BP180 (collagen XVII, BPAG2), and depends on complement activation and neutrophil infiltration. Gelatinase B is present in BP blister fluid and can cleave BP180. In this study we investigated the role of gelatinase B in the immunopathogenesis of experimental BP using mice containing targeted disruption of the gelatinase B (MMP-9, 92 kD gelatinase) gene. Gelatinase B–deficient mice were resistant to the blistering effect of intracutaneous anti-mBP180 antibodies, although these mice showed deposition of autoantibodies at the basement membrane zone and neutrophil recruitment to the skin comparable to that observed in the control mice. Interleukin 8 given intradermally concomitantly with pathogenic anti-mBP180 elicited a significant neutrophil recruitment into the skin in gelatinase B–deficient mice, but blistering did not occur. However, gelatinase B–deficient mice reconstituted with neutrophils from normal mice developed blistering in response to anti-mBP180 antibodies. These results implicate neutrophil-derived gelatinase B in the pathogenesis of experimental BP and might lead to novel therapeutic strategies for BP.
Conductance of aqueous NaCl solutions at pressures up to 2000 atm

Electrical conductance measurements are reported for aqueous NaCl solutions at 25°C as a function of concentration up to 0.02M and pressures up to 2000 atm. The data were analyzed with the Fuoss-Hsia-Fernandez-Prini (FHFP) equation. The standard error of fit, σΛ, varies from 0.04 at 1 atm to 0.10 at 2000 atm. The increase of σΛ with pressure arises from increasing non-randomness in the distribution of errors about the FHFP equation suggesting that modifications in the theory are necessary. The pressure dependence of ΛO for NaCl and KCl is nearly identical.
Emission Source Characterization during an Ethylene Plant Shutdown

To conduct a well-planned plant shutdown, so as to reduce flare emissions for the sake of plant profitability and local environmental sustainability, one of the primary tasks is to perform comprehensive and precise accountings for flare emissions. Since the literature is still lacking systematic and quantitative studies, plant-wide dynamic simulations are employed to simulate an ethylene plant shutdown and characterize its flare emission sources through which dynamic emission profiles of various emission species changing with respect to time are obtained. Plant shutdown emission inventories are enriched with details for point emission sources, and possible technical supports are provided to both industry and environmental agencies on evaluating and developing cost-effective flare minimization strategies in the future.
Approximate constants for the Wiehe-Bagley equation

Abstract A method is presented for quickly estimating one parameter in the Wiehe-Bagley equation from one experimental vapor—liquid equilibrium data point.
The Effects of Zirconia Additions on the Sintering Behaviour and Phase Tability of Hydroxyapatite Ceramics

Hydroxyapatite-zirconia composites with different ratios were prepared by using the conventional ball-milling technique. Ceramic pellets prepared from these powders were compacted and sintered without distorting or cracking. The sintering behaviour (at 1250'C, 1400'C and 1600'C) of the composites were studied in terms of phase stability, densification and microstructural evolution. By X-ray diffraction, tetragonal zirconia as well as HA was identified as the major phases in the composites. In addition, small diffraction peaks corresponding to a-TCP was evident indicating sign ofHA decomposition. Reaction between the zirconia and HA to form caZro. was also detected in the composite system containing up to 20 wt% zirconia throughout the sintering regime employed. SEM examination of the sintered composites at room temperature suggested the involvement of a reactive liquid phase during sintering. The presence of zirconia phase in hydroxyapatite matrix played an important role in the stability of the HA phase.
Carboxyl Group Reactivity in Actin

Actin is the principal protein of the thin filament of muscle and is also the major component of microfilaments. At low salt concentrations, actin exists in solution as a globular monomer (G-actin) of Mr=42,000. It has a single polypeptide chain of 375 residues and a bound metal-nucleotide (Mg++ or Ca++-ATP or ADP). In physiological ionic strength solution, the actin monomers polymerize, forming fibrous (F-) actin which is a two stranded helical “rope”. G-actin has been crystallized as a 1:1 complex with DNase I (Suck et al., 1981) or with profilin (C. Shutt and U. Lindberg, pers. commun.), and its structure is being studied by x-ray crystallography. These studies are expected to lead to an understanding of the structure of the actin monomer, but they probably will not lead directly to an understanding of the organization of the actin monomers within F-actin. It is known that each monomer interacts with its neighbors (above and below), being displaced by about 5.5 nm along the long axis, and rotated by just over 180°. It is essential to know exactly which parts of the surface represent the points or regions of interaction between adjacent actins, and one way to establish the orientation of the actins is to measure the distance between an amino acid sidechain in one actin and a different sidechain in an adjacent actin, by chemical crosslinking. Such information, in conjunction with an x-ray derived structure, may help to establish the complete structure of F-actin.
Longitudinal Changes in Intellectual Development in Children with Fragile X Syndrome

Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine the development of intellectual functioning in 145 school-age pairs of siblings. Each pair included one child with Fragile X syndrome (FXS) and one unaffected sibling. All pairs of children were evaluated on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children—Third Edition (WISC-III) at time 1 and 80 pairs of children received a second evaluation at time 2 approximately 4 years later. Compared to their unaffected siblings, children with FXS obtained significantly lower percentage correct scores on all subtests of the WISC at both time points. During the time between the first and second assessments, the annual rate of intellectual development was approximately 2.2 times faster in the unaffected children compared to the children with FXS. Levels of the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) were highly associated with intellectual ability scores of the children with FXS at both time points (r = 0.55 and 0.64 respectively). However, when gender, age, and the time between assessments were included as covariates in the structural equation model, FMRP accounted for only 5% of the variance in intellectual ability scores at time 1 and 13% of the variance at time 2. The results of this study suggest that slower learning contributes to the low and declining standardized IQ scores observed in children with FXS.
PRAMs with variable word size

The Parallel R a n d o m Access Machine (PRAM) is one of the most widely used models of parallel computation. It abstracts the solution to a problem from details of communication and synchronization. The P R A M also abstracts the solution from the word-size of the processors and the memory. Its processors are assumed to be large enough to be able to perform the operations used, in constant time. Also the size of a memory word is assumed to be the same as the word-size of a processor. In this paper, the effect of relaxing the assumption of a-fixed memory word-size is investigated and we show that this
Co-extruded polymeric films for gas separation membranes

In recent years, gas separation has become an important step in many production process streams and part of final prod- ucts. Through the use of melt co-extrusion and subsequent orientation methods, gas separation membranes were produced entirely without the use of solvents, upon which current methods are highly dependent. Symmetric three layer membranes were produced using poly(ether-block-amide) (PEBA) copolymers, which serve as a selective material that exhibits a high CO2 permeability relative to O2. Thin layers of PEBA are supported by a polypropylene (PP) layer that is made porous through the use of two methods: (1) inorganic fillers or (2) crystal phase transformation. Two membrane systems, PEBA/(PP 1CaCO3) and PEBA/b-PP, maintained a high CO2/O2 selectivity while exhibiting reduced permeability. Incorporation of an annealing step either before or after orientation improves the membrane gas flux by 50 to 100%. The improvement in gas flux was a result of either elimination of strain induced crystallinity, which increases the selective layer permeability, or improvement of the PP crystal structure, which may increase pore size in the porous support layer. V C 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39765.
A role for malic acid in tomato fruit-set.

Abstract Studies with excised flowers of a self-sterile strain of John Baer tomatoes have demonstrated that: 1. 1. Malic acid, glutathione, and manganous sulfate each and collectively increase tomato fruit-set. 2. 2. Of all the compounds known to promote fruit-set, only malic acid will appreciably increase fruit-set in the presence of glutathione and manganous sulfate. These findings suggest that the promotion effect of the three compounds in combination may be due to the decarboxylation of malic acid by malic decarboxylase. 3. 3. The addition of two of the products of the malic decarboxylation reaction (carbon dioxide and pyruvic acid) each quantitatively inhibits fruit-set in the presence of malic acid, glutathione, and manganous sulfate. 4. 4. The addition of ascorbic acid with the three latter compounds further increases fruit-set. These promotive and inhibitory effects suggest that the decarboxylation of malic acid may be beneficial to fruit-set in the tomato. It is suggested that the beneficial effect of this system may be through the activation of a series of linked oxidation-reduction reactions.
Imagery encoding and false recognition errors: Examining the role of imagery process and imagery content on source misattributions.

Imagery encoding effects on source-monitoring errors were explored using the Deese-Roediger-McDermott paradigm in two experiments. While viewing thematically related lists embedded in mixed picture/word presentations, participants were asked to generate images of objects or words (Experiment 1) or to simply name the items (Experiment 2). An encoding task intended to induce spontaneous images served as a control for the explicit imagery instruction conditions (Experiment 1). On the picture/word source-monitoring tests, participants were much more likely to report “seeing” a picture of an item presented as a word than the converse particularly when images were induced spontaneously. However, this picture misattribution error was reversed after generating images of words (Experiment 1) and was eliminated after simply labelling the items (Experiment 2). Thus source misattributions were sensitive to the processes giving rise to imagery experiences (spontaneous vs deliberate), the kinds of images generated (obj...
Membrane-based extraction for detection of tastes and odors in water

Hollow fiber stripping analysis (HFSA), a modification of closed loop stripping analysis (CLSA), is introduced for the extraction, detection and identification of trace levels of both volatile and low volatility organic compounds in water. The method uses a bank of microporous hydrophobic hollow fiber membranes as the air/water contacting device in a closed, dual-recirculating system. Method design and optimization are presented. Application of membrane extraction for detection of low nanogram per liter (parts per trillion) concentrations of taste and odor causing compounds in water is presented. These compounds can be a particular problem in water as they are detected by water consumers at these very low concentrations, and are perceived as being indicative of poor water quality. Method detection limits, precision and accuracy are presented for four known taste and odor causing compounds. HFSA displays an advantage over CLSA in detection of lower volatility compounds, and in greater reproducibility. HFSA is also able to avoid foaming problems that occur in CLSA during analysis of waters with high surfactant concentrations. Higher volatility compounds are detectable at concentrations similar to CLSA. HFSA is shown to be a reliable, precise and accurate tool for extraction and determination of low nanogram per liter concentrations of low molecular weight organic compounds with dimensionless Henry's Law constants down to approximately 0.001 from a complex natural water matrix.
Scala tympani cochleostomy for cochlear implantation

The use of cochlear implantation to treat sensorineural hearing loss continues to evolve as an increasing number of both adult and pediatric patients undergo this life-changing surgery. As our understanding of electrical stimulation of the auditory system unfolds, the importance of proper cochleostomy placement and intracochlear electrode positioning continues to evolve. Currently, atraumatic intracochlear electrode array implantation into scala tympani appears to optimize performance while providing the opportunity for hearing preservation for the purposes of bimodal stimulation. With these objectives in mind, this article describes the authors' surgical approach to gain access to scala tympani with the intent of minimizing trauma to the underlying structures. This approach is based on the results of multiple clinical and anatomical studies as well as on data from various temporal bone experiments. Based herein, the authors perform either direct round window insertions or create a round window-related cochleostomy either with or without a bony partition. Blind drilling procedures on the convexity of the promontory are avoided because this can result in either scala vestibuli access or substantial intracochlear damage.
Mediator complexes and transcription

Over the past decade, various components of the transcription machinery have been identified as potential targets for activators. Recently, metazoan versions of yeast Mediator have been isolated and found to act as key coactivators to many transcription factors. Recent work has defined the composition, function and biology of metazoan mediator complexes, which has led us to propose a new nomenclature for the variously named versions of the mediator complex.
Entrez Gene: gene-centered information at NCBI

Entrez Gene (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=gene) is NCBI's database for gene-specific information. Entrez Gene includes records from genomes that have been completely sequenced, that have an active research community to contribute gene-specific information or that are scheduled for intense sequence analysis. The content of Entrez Gene represents the result of both curation and automated integration of data from NCBI's Reference Sequence project (RefSeq), from collaborating model organism databases and from other databases within NCBI. Records in Entrez Gene are assigned unique, stable and tracked integers as identifiers. The content (nomenclature, map location, gene products and their attributes, markers, phenotypes and links to citations, sequences, variation details, maps, expression, homologs, protein domains and external databases) is provided via interactive browsing through NCBI's Entrez system, via NCBI's Entrez programing utilities (E-Utilities), and for bulk transfer by ftp.
Morphogenesis of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium: Toward Understanding Retinal Degenerative Diseasesa

The phenotype of an epithelial cell is defined by a unique combination of morphology, gene and protein expression, and protein localization. Results indicate that the terminal differentiation of the RPE cell can be described in part by changes in the polarity of its surface proteins alpha v beta 5 integrin, Na,K-ATPase, N-CAM, and EMMPRIN. Changes in protein/gene expression and protein localization in late stages of RPE development identify alpha v beta 5 integrin as a key player in RPE phagocytosis, and N-CAM and EMMPRIN as potentially important molecules in other RPE functions necessary for photoreceptor survival. By studying the trafficking of the later two proteins it is shown that entry into an apical or basolateral pathway in RPE cells cannot be predicted by the distribution of a given protein in other epithelial cells, and that this distribution may change through the course of RPE development. The mechanisms used by RPE and other epithelia to establish and maintain their specific polarity properties are fundamental to the formation and maintenance of their specific epithelial phenotype. The ability to therapeutically direct molecules incorporated into RPE by gene therapy into apical or basal surfaces requires an understanding of protein localization and expression. Furthermore, evidence is provided that assays capitalizing on changes in gene/protein expression and protein localization during the late stages of RPE development can prove a productive way of identifying proteins used by RPE for photoreceptor support. This approach can continue to be exploited to identify other proteins essential for the mission of the RPE cell, that may thus be likely candidates for participation in retinal degenerative disease.
Semantics-based information valuation

Information understanding and information valuation have mostly been studied separately. In this paper we propose using information understanding to reach a definition for information value or quality. We demonstrate how information valuation can be predicted and computed as potential causal impact of extractable semantics.
Fractionation of murine macrophage inhibitory factor into two distinct species.

Abstract Murine migration inhibitory factor (MIF) produced by concanavalin A-stimulated lymph node cells from C57BL/6 mice was fractionated by Sephadex G-100 gel filtration, density gradient electrophoresis, and isoelectrofocusing in a sucrose density gradient and assayed on in vitro -cultivated bone marrow macrophages from C57BL/6 mice. Two major MIF species, pH3-MIF with an isoelectric point of 3.0–4.3 and pH5-MIF with an isoelectric point of 4.6 to 5.2, were obtained. The similarity of murine MIF to guinea pig and human MIF is discussed.
Metastasis of Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma to Bilateral Thigh Muscles

Importance. Laryngeal cancer infrequently results in distant metastases, but metastasis to skeletal muscle is extremely uncommon. Observations. A 55-year-old male presenting with progressive dyspnea and hoarseness was found to have Stage IVA T4aN2cM0 laryngeal cancer and eventually underwent total laryngectomy. Before the patient could be started on adjuvant chemoradiation, the patient developed masses on both thighs. Biopsy revealed metastatic squamous cell carcinoma consistent with the primary laryngeal cancer. He was offered palliative chemotherapy; however, he developed new soft tissue masses to the left of his stoma and in the prevertebral area one week later. He also had new cervical and supraclavicular nodes and a pathological compression fracture of L3. Patient died within 4 months of diagnosis. Conclusions. Distant metastasis such as skeletal metastasis portends a poor prognosis. Further studies are required to determine the best course of treatment in these patients.
The president's role in advancing civic engagement: The Widener‐Chester Partnership

Efforts by metropolitan universities to engage in meaningful and democratic partnerships with community organizations require much time, effort, and considerable resources from the university and its various constituents. Widener University is located in a distressed urban environment. This study, presented from the perspective of the university's president, highlights the challenges associated with engaging in such work and provides insight into possible future directions for advancing an institution-wide civic engagement agenda. It outlines in detail the initiatives created between Widener and the Chester, Pennsylvania, school district over six years and explains how after many failures, the university came to the conclusion that its best chance for success would be to develop a separately chartered university partnership school. The account forcefully underscores that the costs associated with civic engagement are worth the investment in spite of the number of setbacks and frustrations inherent in this type of work.
Sigma inflation for the local area augmentation of GPS

The Local Area Augmentation System (LAAS) is the differential satellite navigation architectural standard for civil aircraft precision approach and landing. While the system promises great practical benefit, a number of key technical challenges have been encountered in the definition of the architecture. Perhaps chief among these has been the need to ensure compliance with stringent requirements for navigation Integrity. In this context, this research investigates the sensitivity of integrity risk to statistical uncertainties in the knowledge of reference receiver error standard deviation (/spl sigma//sub pr_gnd/) and error correlation across the multiple reference receivers to be used in the LAAS ground segment. A new, detailed approach toward mitigating the integrity risk due to parameter statistical uncertainty is presented.
Interoperability and performance issues in HF e-mail

Electronic mail is particularly tolerant of the sometimes challenging HF radio communications medium. Its latency tolerance and store-and-forward delivery mechanism cope naturally with slow links and the occasional outage. This paper documents the results of a study of the interoperability and performance of leading standards applicable to e-mail service over HF networks, and recommends specific protocol suites for next-generation networks as well as directions for further research.
pC++/streams: a library for I/O on complex distributed data sources

The design and implementation of portable, efficient, and expressive mechanisms for I/O on complex distributed data structures—such as found in adaptive parallel applications—is a challenging problem that we address in this paper.We describe the design, programmer interface, implementation, and performance of pC++/streams, a library that provides an expressive mechanism for I/O on distributed arrays of variable-sized objects in pC++, an object-parallel language. pC++/streams is intended for developers of parallel programs requiring efficient high-level I/O abstractions for checkpointing, scientific visualization, and debugging.pC++/streams is an implementation of d/streams, a language-independent abstraction for buffered I/O on distributed data structures. We describe the d/streams abstraction and present performance results on the Intel Paragon and SGI Challenge showing that d/streams can be implemented efficiently and portably.
Dose-response for stereotactic body radiotherapy in early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer.

Purpose: To compare the efficacy of three lung stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) regimens in a large institutional cohort. Methods:Between2004and2009,130patientsunderwentdefinitivelungcancerSBRTtoasinglelesionattheMallinckrodt Institute of Radiology. We delivered 18 Gy � 3 fractions for peripheral tumors (n = 111) and either 9 Gy � 5 fractions (n =8 ) or 10 Gy� 5 fractions (n = 11) for tumors that were central or near critical structures. Univariate and multivariate analysis of prognostic factors was performed using the Cox proportional hazard model. Results: Median follow-up was 11, 16, and 13 months for the 9 Gy � 5, 10 Gy � 5, and 18 Gy � 3 groups, respectively. Local control statistics for Years 1 and 2 were, respectively, 75% and 50% for 9 Gy � 5, 100% and 100% for 10 Gy � 5, and 99% and 91% for 18 Gy � 3. Median overall survival was 14 months, not reached, and 34 months for the 9 Gy � 5, 10 Gy � 5, and 18 Gy � 3 treatments, respectively. No difference in local control or overall survival was found between the 10 Gy � 5 and 18 Gy � 3 groups on log–rank test, but both groups had improved local control and overall survival compared with 9 Gy � 5. Treatment with 9 Gy � 5 was the only independent prognostic factor for reduced local control on multivariate analysis, and increasing age, increasing tumor volume, and poor performance status predicted independently for reduced overall survival. Conclusion: Treatment regimens of 10 Gy � 5 and 18 Gy � 3 seem to be efficacious for lung cancer SBRT and provide superior local control and overall survival compared with 9 Gy � 5. 2011 Elsevier Inc. Lung, Cancer, NSCLC, SBRT, Stereotactic.
Atomic Force Microscopy Applications to Neuroscience

In this research, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) is used to investigate living neurons. Three-dimensional images of developing and dying neurons have been obtained, providing neuroscientists their first views of these dynamic structures. The unparalleled resolution provided by AFM reveals dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells to be more complex and variable than anticipated. AFM is also used to physically contact or manipulate the cell, and thus perturb its development, and/or to measure important physiologically parameters such as surface pressure. Neural cell damage is induced by the AFM tip, which is subsequently used to image the cell's morphological response. A 3-D view of the neural cell collapse, due to this insult, suggests alternative ideas concerning acute neuronal (cellular) sealing and repair. Repair of the injured neuron using electric fields and biomolecules is also investigated, supporting clinical trials for paralysis research. AFM force measurements are used to monitor cellular activity and membrane interactions during various stages of the neural cell life cycle. The full versatility of AFM will be applied to further the understanding of neurogenesis and neurotrauma.
Effects of Anti-Black Political Messages on Self-Esteem

This study examines how anti-Black political rhetoric affects race-specific collective self-esteem (R-CSE) and internal political efficacy among African–Americans and Whites. Results from an experiment in which subjects received an anti-Black stereotype-accentuating message attributed to either a political figure or an “ordinary American,” or no message at all, demonstrate that the political message undermined how African–Americans regard their own racial group, activated beliefs about how others regard African–Americans as a predictor of how African–Americans regard their own racial group, and undermined internal political efficacy. For Whites, the results demonstrate that the political message moderated the relationship between how they regard their own racial group and beliefs about how others regard their racial group, though the political message did not significantly increase or decrease racial group-regard or political efficacy overall. These results provide empirical confirmation of the role that government and politics can play in self-esteem.
Functional analysis of a mammalian odorant receptor subfamily

Phylogenetic analysis groups mammalian odorant receptors into two broad classes and numerous subfamilies. These subfamilies are proposed to reflect functional organization. Testing this idea requires an assay allowing detailed functional characterization of odorant receptors. Here we show that a variety of Class I and Class II mouse odorant receptors can be functionally expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Receptor constructs included the N-terminal 20 residues of human rhodopsin and were co-expressed with Galphaolf and the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator to allow electrophysiological measurement of receptor responses. For most mouse odorant receptors tested, these conditions were sufficient for functional expression. Co-expression of accessory proteins was required to allow functional surface expression of some mouse odorant receptors. We used this assay to examine the receptive ranges of all members of the mouse odorant receptor 42 (MOR42) subfamily. MOR42-1 responded to dicarboxylic acids, preferring a 10-12 carbon chain length. MOR42-2 responded to monocarboxylic acids (7-10 carbons). MOR42-3 responded to dicarboxylic acids (8-10 carbons) and monocarboxylic acids (10-12 carbons). Thus, the receptive range of each receptor was unique. However, overlap between the individual receptive ranges suggests that the members of this subfamily form one contiguous subfamily receptive range, suggesting that odorant receptor subfamilies do constitute functional units.
Postoperative course after sufentanil or fentanyl anesthesia for coronary artery surgery.

Abstract Postoperative hemodynamic effects were compared in 50 patients randomly selected to receive either sufentanil, 25 μg/ kg, or fentanyl,100 μg/kg, anesthesia for coronary artery bypass grafting. The two groups exhibited similar patient demographics; dose of premedicants and muscle relaxants; and use of inhalation agents. Values for 15 hemodynamic variables were recorded at baseline and at six postoperative times. The times to awakening, response to verbal commands, and extubation were also noted. Patients who received sufentanil had a more stable course, with higher cardiac outputs, lower systemic vascular resistances, and a lower incidence of hypertension. Postoperatively, the two groups had similar values for time to awakening, response to verbal commands, and extubation. Elimination half-lives differed significantly: 554 ± 91 minutes (fentanyl) versus 277 ± 60 minutes (sufentanil). Serum concentrations of both decreased linearly. The added advantages of postoperative hemodynamic stability could be important in the choice of anesthetic.
Identification, analysis, and evolutionary relationships of the putative murine cytomegalovirus homologs of the human cytomegalovirus UL82 (pp71) and UL83 (pp65) matrix phosphoproteins.

We have identified three open reading frames (ORFs) in murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV), designated M82, M83, and M84, which likely encode homologs of the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) UL82 and UL83 matrix phosphoproteins. These ORFs, in the HindIII C fragment of MCMV, are colinear with the UL82, UL83, and UL84 ORFs of HCMV. M82 encodes a 598-amino-acid (aa) protein with homology to UL82, M83 encodes an 809-aa protein with homology to UL82 and UL83, and M84 encodes a 587-aa protein with homology to UL83 and UL84. Analysis of transcription by Northern (RNA) blotting indicated that the M82 and M83 ORFs are transcribed as 2.2- and 5-kb mRNAs, respectively, at 24 to 48 h postinfection (p.i.), while M84 is transcribed as a 6.9-kb mRNA only at 8 h p.i. All transcripts appear to terminate at the same position 3' of the M82 ORF. Of the products of the three ORFs, only M83 is strongly recognized by hyperimmune mouse serum. The M83 protein is a virion-associated phosphoprotein with an apparent molecular mass of 125 kDa. In MCMV-infected cells, it is detectable by Western blotting (immunoblotting) only at 48 h p.i. in the absence of phosphonoacetic acid, consistent with late gene expression. The M83 ORF is also expressed at high levels in cells infected by a recombinant vaccinia virus and yields a protein which is serologically cross-reactive and comigrates with the authentic MCMV protein in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
Bilateral Renal Artery Stenosis Causing Acute Oliguric Renal Failure: Report of a Case Corrected by Renovascular Surgery

• A 70-year-old woman with chronic hypertension and previously normal renal function had acute oliguric renal failure requiring hemodialysis. Renal arteriograms revealed the presence of bilateral renal artery stenosis and normal-sized kidneys. Nineteen days after admission to hospital, after undergoing nine hemodialysis procedures, surgical revascularization of renal artery stenosis was performed utilizing a single bypass graft of the left renal artery. Postoperatively, an immediate diuresis ensued, with resolution of acute renal failure. It is critically important in the evaluation of patients with anuria, acute renal failure without obvious cause, or impending uremia in patients with chronic stable renal insufficiency, to consider the possibility of renal artery stenosis or thrombosis. Recognition and then surgical correction of significant renal arterial hypoperfusion allows the reasonable potential for reversibility of this important form of acute or progressive renal failure. ( Arch Surg 112:641-643, 1977)
remote sensing for air pollution meteorology

The application of ground-based remote-sensing systems for monitoring those meteorological parameters of importance in urban air pollution is discussed. Typical system considerations include an analysis of site characteristics and sensor location. Examples of how remote-sensing systems might be applied to air pollution meteorology are given.
A Statistical Approach to Ground Radar-Rainfall Estimation

Abstract This paper presents development of a statistical procedure for estimation of ensemble rainfall fields from a combination of ground radar observations and in situ rain gauge measurements. The uncertainty framework characterizes radar-rainfall estimation algorithm limitation accounting for rain gauge sampling uncertainty. The procedure is applied on a multicomponent rainfall estimation algorithm, which utilizes a rain-path attenuation correction technique, a power-law reflectivity-to-rainfall (Z–R) relationship, and a parameter to differentiate between convective (C) and stratiform (S) regimes in the Z–R conversion. Uncertainty is explicitly accounted for by evaluating the algorithm’s parameter set posterior probability density function (known as parameters’ equifinality) on the basis of the Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE) framework. The study is facilitated by NASA’s C-band Doppler radar [named the Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere (TOGA)] observations and four dense rain gauge...