cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Complex dielectric properties of macroemulsions in the microwave region

Abstract The complex dielectric properties of macroemulsions in the microwave frequency region were analyzed using interaction potential models and effective medium theories. The computations confirmed our earlier experimental finding (J. P. Perl, H. E. Bussey, and D. T. Wasan, J. Colloid Interface Sci.108, 528, 1985) that a single value of the dielectric modulus could be to simultaneously determine emulsion type and estimate water content. Cole—Cole's modified Debye relaxation equations were used to obtain the pure component dielectric properties as a function of frequency. These values were incorporated into emulsion dielectric models to obtain permitivity and loss factor as a function of frequency. The computed results are in agreement with experimental results obtained from time domain dielectrometry. The computations showed that the technique can be used to determine emulsion characteristics over a wide frequency range 108–1011 Hz. in the microwave region, far removed from the effects of interfacial polarization. The computed and experimental values of the dielectric moduli of emulsions were shown to be frequency invariant in the microwave region.
Refolding and Characterization of a Soluble Ectodomain Complex of the Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Receptor

The calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor is a heterodimer of two membrane proteins: calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CLR) and receptor activity-modifying protein 1 (RAMP1). CLR is a class B G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), possessing a characteristic large amino-terminal extracellular domain (ECD) important for ligand recognition and binding. Dimerization of CLR with RAMP1 provides specificity for CGRP versus related agonists. Here we report the expression, purification, and refolding of a soluble form of the CGRP receptor comprising a heterodimer of the CLR and RAMP1 ECDs. The extracellular protein domains corresponding to residues 23-133 of CLR and residues 26-117 of RAMP1 were shown to be sufficient for formation of a stable, monodisperse complex. The binding affinity of the purified ECD complex for the CGRP peptide was significantly lower than that of the native receptor (IC(50) of 12 microM for the purified ECD complex vs 233 pM for membrane-bound CGRP receptor), indicating that other regions of CLR and/or RAMP1 are important for peptide agonist binding. However, high-affinity binding to known potent and specific nonpeptide antagonists of the CGRP receptor, including olcegepant and telcagepant (K(D) < 0.02 muM), as well as N-terminally truncated peptides and peptide analogues (140 nM to 1.62 microM) was observed.
Lipids ofKlebsiella pneumoniae: The presence of phosphatidyl choline in succinate‐grown cells

The carbon and energy source for aerobically grown cultures ofKlebsiella penumoniae profoundly influenced the total lipid content and phosphatide composition. Glucose-grown cells contained 13% lipid, 56% of which was phospholipids. Succinate-grow cells contained 8% lipid, 66% of which was phospholipids. The predominant phosphatides of glucose-grown cells were phosphatidyl ethanolamine, 82%; phosphatidyl glycerol, 4.5%; phosphatidic acid, 5%; cardiolipin, 6.5%; phosphatidyl serine; and trace amounts of unidentified phosphatides. Phosphatides of succinate-grown cells were phosphatidyl ethanolamine, 38%; diphosphatidyl glycerol, 14%; phosphatidyl glycerol, 13%; phosphatidyl choline, 14.5%; phosphatidyl serine, 6%; phosphatidic acid, 4%; and 10% unknown lipids. No trace of phosphatidyl choline was found in glucose-grown cells.
Thermal expansion instability and effect on creep of a highly crosslinked polyurethane

It was found after heating that the thermal expansion of polyurethane decreased markedly in several hundred hours at constant temperature; after cooling the thermal contraction decreased with time but more slowly. The role of cross-linking as a possible cause of this effect is discussed. Creep during the expanded phase after heating is shown to be much greater than creep after thermal expansion has stabilized at the same temperature. Experiments are described which suggest that the effect of temperature on creep results primarily from thermal expansion rather than from thermal oscillation.
A Transient Mixed Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication Model for Spur Gear Pairs

In this study, a transient, non-Newtonian, mixed elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) model of involute spur gear tooth contacts is proposed. Unlike the contact between two cylindrical rollers, spur gear contacts experience a number of time-varying contact parameters including the normal load, radii of curvature, surface velocities, and slide-toroll ratio. The proposed EHL model is designed to continuously follow the contact of a tooth pair from the root to the tip to capture the transient characteristics of lubricated spur gear contacts due to these parameter variations, instead of analyzing the contact at discrete positions assuming time-invariant parameters. The normal tooth force along the line of action is predicted by using a gear load distribution formulation and the contact radii and tangential surface velocities are computed from the kinematics and geometry of involute profiles. A unified numerical approach is adapted for handling asperity interaction in mixed EHL conditions. The differences between the transient and discrete EHL analyses are shown for a spur gear pair having smooth surfaces and different tooth profile modifications. The transient behavior predicted by the proposed model is found to be mainly due to the squeezing and pumping effects caused by sudden load changes. The lubrication behavior under rough conditions is also investigated at different operating conditions. DOI: 10.1115/1.4000270
Effect of mercuric chloride on carbon mineralization in soils

The short and long-term effects of mercuric chloride amendment of five surface soils from southeastern Montana on carbon mineralization was studied. Short-term radiorespirometric studies utilizing a glucose substrate indicated Hg levels greater than 40 μg/g soil were required for significant inhibition in all soils tested. Under chronic exposure conditions, levels from 0.1 to greater than 100 μg Hg/g soil proved necessary for inhibition.
Interaction of reinforcement conditions and developmental level in a two-choice discrimination task with children

Abstract A total of 540 first, fourth, and eighth graders, equally divided by sex, were run on a two-choice discrimination task under one of three reinforcement conditions: reward (R) for correct responses, punishment (P) for incorrect responses, or reward and punishment (RP) for correct and incorrect responses. Half the Ss were tested by a male E; half, by a female E. Across all developmental levels, learning was superior in the P group. Complex interactions involving sex of S and E underline the importance of organismic variables in discrimination learning and in specifying parameters of reinforcer effectiveness.
Reflection matrix for optical resonators in FEL oscillators

Abstract The transformations of Gaussian radiation beams caused by reflection off mirrors is an important issue for FELs operating as oscillators. The reflected radiation from a single incident Gaussian mode will contain other modes due to the finite mirror size, the deflection of the beam and mismatches in the curvature. A method for analytic computation of the reflection matrix is developed by taking the convolution of the source function at the surface of the mirror with the paraxial propagator. The mirror surface that reflects spherical incoming wavefronts into spherical outgoing is found to be a paraboloid. Integral expressions for the reflection coefficients R pq mn for any incoming mode u mn into the outgoing u pq are obtained as functions of the deflection angle φ, the reflected beam spot size W o and the mirror size. The coefficient R 00 00 for the lowest-to-lowest mode reflection is determined analytically. The spot size W o can then be selected, depending on the mirror size, to maximize R 00 00 . The ratio of the mirror size to the spot size is the dominant factor determining the reflection coefficient. The effects of deflecting the light beam enter as small corrections, of first order in the diffraction angle θ d ⪡ 1.
Thermal stability of aliphatic-aromatic polyamide model compounds : Structure-reactivity relationships in the catalyzed thermal reaction of benzamides in the presence of copper halides

The relationship between the structure and reactivity of aliphatic-aromatic polyamides in the presence of CuI in an inert atmosphere was probed by reacting a family of benzamides with varying degrees of substitution on the amide nitrogen. Experiments with benzamide, N-methylbenzamide, N,N-dimethylbenzamide, N-hexylbenzamide, and N,N-dihexylbenzamide allowed comparison of primary, secondary, and tertiary benzamides and identification of the degradation pathways influenced by CuI. The presence of copper iodide enhanced the reactivity of all of the benzamides. Loadings as low as 0.5% led to higher conversion and increased recoverable product yields. Reaction path selectivities were also affected by the addition of CuI. The selectivity to benzene increased for all reactants, and the pathway leading to N-alkylation increased for the reaction of NHB. In all, these results revealed three major reaction pathways influenced by CuI: (1) NC bond cleavage; (2) NH bond cleavage; and (3) removal of the amide functional group from the aromatic ring. Kinetic results and visible color changes suggested a direct interaction of CuI with the reactant benzamide. Three electron-rich sites on the reactant benzamide, namely, the lone pairs on the carbonyl oxygen, the lone pair on the amide nitrogen and the aromatic ring, are likely sites of interaction of Cu+. Models invoking the subsequent reaction of complexes formed from Cu+ ion interaction at each of these sites account for the observed products well. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35: 3305–3322, 1997
Likelihood Function of a Debugging Model for Computer Software Reliability

A simple model for software reliability growth, originally suggested by Jelinski & Moranda, has been widely used but suffers from difficulties associated with parameter estimation. We show that a major reason for obtaining nonsensical results from the model is its application to data sets which exhibit decreasing reliability. We present a simple, necessary and sufficient condition for the maximum likelihood estimates to be finite and suggest that this condition be tested prior to using the model.
Topology of surface diagrams of smooth 4-manifolds

Surface diagrams are a new way to specify any smooth closed orientable 4-manifold by an orientable surface decorated with simple closed curves. These curves are cyclically indexed, and each curve has a unique transverse intersection with the next. The aim of this paper is to announce a uniqueness theorem for these objects (within a fixed homotopy class) that turns out to be similar to the Reidemeister-Singer theorem for Heegaard splittings of 3-manifolds.
Second quantized quaternion quantum theory

The basic structure of a second quantized relativistic quantum theory is outlined. The vector space is over the ring of complex quaternions instead of the usual field of complex numbers. This is motivated by the simple quaternion structure of the Dirac equation.
Isolation and characterization of rhoptries of Plasmodium falciparum

Rhoptries have been isolated from Plasmodium falciparum schizont-infected erythrocytes by isopycnic density centrifugation. Gradient fractions were analyzed by immunoblotting with antibodies against two polypeptides of 140 and 110 kDa, known to be components of the rhoptry. The proteins were present primarily in fractions with a density of 1.16 g ml-1. Electron microscopy of these fractions indicated they were enriched in rhoptries. For the most part, the isolated organelle retained in situ morphology, although some rhoptries were distorted, indicating the structure of some of the organelles is not rigid. Electrophoretic analysis of the rhoptry fractions indicated the presence of a number of proteins, many of which have not been identified to date. Properties of proteins in the isolated rhoptry were examined using the 140 and 110 kDa proteins as representative markers. Both proteins are present in a complex with a 130-kDa protein, as all three co-immunoprecipitate. At the late schizont stage, the rhoptry proteins are present in two distinct forms; a soluble form with an Mr of 480 000 which would correspond to a single copy of the 140/130/110 kDa complex and a form that can be sedimented at 130 000 x g. Properties of the sedimentable form suggest that the proteins are included in structures that resemble membranes. Ionic detergents were required to solubilize the proteins while high concentrations of NaCl and Na2CO3 resulted in only partial solubilization. Furthermore, treatment of disrupted rhoptries with phospholipase A and C resulted in the release of proteins into the soluble form.
Compliance, Cooperation, Collaboration and Information Literacy

As academic institutions have devoted increased efforts to information literacy skills assessment, more opportunities for collaboration between the library and other campus organizations have developed. The authors describe their experiences concerning a collaborative project to revise a credit-bearing information literacy course. Theoretical constructs are used to analyze the process.
Implementing the trinomial mark–recapture–recovery model in program mark

Summary Time-varying individual covariates present a challenge in modelling data from mark–recapture–recovery (MRR) experiments of wild animals. Many values of the covariate will be unknown because they can be observed only when an individual is captured, and the missing values cannot be ignored. Catchpole et al. [Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B (Statistical Methodology), 70, 445–460, 2008] presents one solution to this problem by constructing a conditional likelihood depending only on the observed covariate information – the so-called trinomial model. This paper describes the link between the trinomial model and the mark–recapture–recovery model of Burnham (Marked Individuals in the Study of Bird Population, 199–213, 1993) and shows how the trinomial model can be implemented in the software package program mark. This provides the user with access to all of the features of program mark including the facilities for model building and model selection without having to write custom code. I provide details on the analysis of a simulated data set and discuss an r package developed to help users format their data and to implement the model through the existing rmark package.
In the Profession: Peer Review in Academic Publishing

Journal of English Linguistics http://eng.sagepub.com In the Profession: Peer Review in Academic Publishing Mary Bucholtz Journal of English Linguistics 2010; 38; 88 originally published online Jan 22, 2010; DOI: 10.1177/0075424209356851 The online version of this article can be found at: http://eng.sagepub.com Published by: http://www.sagepublications.com Additional services and information for Journal of English Linguistics can be found at: Email Alerts: http://eng.sagepub.com/cgi/alerts Subscriptions: http://eng.sagepub.com/subscriptions Reprints: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsReprints.nav Permissions: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav Citations http://eng.sagepub.com/cgi/content/refs/38/1/88 Downloaded from http://eng.sagepub.com at UNIV CALIFORNIA SANTA BARBARA on March 7, 2010
Community-Level Correlates of Hospitalizations for Persons With Schizophrenia

Objectives: Hospitalizations are likely to depend on both individual-level and community-level risk factors. This study identified communitylevel correlates of hospitalization for persons with schizophrenia and identified counties with high hospitalization rates. Methods: Data from 811 counties in 14 states were collected from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, U.S. Census Bureau, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the Health Resources and Services Administration. The dependent variable was specified as the county-level hospitalization rates for 2000, adjusted for age and sex, as determined from the Statewide Inpatient Database. To control for spatial autocorrelation, a Bayesian-Poisson conditional autoregressive model was used to measure the correlation between community-level factors and standardized hospitalization rates. Spatially smoothed standardized hospitalization rates were examined to identify counties with high rates. Results: There were 1.6 schizophrenia-related hospitalizations per 1,000 residents. Community-level correlates significantly predicting higher rates of hospitalization included percentage of residents in poverty (relative incidence rate [RIR]=1.03), percentage unemployed (RIR=1.04), hospital beds per 1,000 (RIR=1.04), social workers per 1,000 (RIR=1.09), and market penetration rate of health maintenance organizations (RIR= 1.00) (p<.05). Community-level correlates significantly predicting lower rates of hospitalization included percentage of uninsured residents (RIR=.99), housing stress (RIR=.91), rural location (RIR for the most rural counties=.57), and a farm-dependent economy (RIR=.75) (p<.05). A quarter (25%) of the counties had higher than expected hospitalization rates, and spatial clustering was evident. Conclusions: Results should be of interest to health plans seeking to control high-cost hospitalizations. Although improved availability of specialty mental health outpatient treatment could prevent hospitalizations for schizophrenia, the study indicated no correlation between access to specialists and hospitalization rates. (Psychiatric Services 60:772–778, 2009)
Prevention of ethanol-mediated redox-changes in mouse liver by sodium-diethylbarbiturate.

Abstract EFFECTS of barbital-pretreatment have been investigated on the ethanol-mediated redox-changes in liver, citric acid cycle activity, ethanol oxidation and on the enzymes of alcohol metabolism. Barbital-pretreatment prevents the changes in hepatic redox-state produced upon alcohol administration. Alcohol results in about threefold increase in hepatic (lactate)/(puruvate), twofold increase in (α-glycerophosphate)/(dihydroxyacetone phosphate) and (β-hydroxybutyrate)/(acetoacetate) concentration ratios in normal mice. However, in barbital-pretreated mice smaller changes in these ratios are observed. Oxidation of (1-14C) palmitic acid to 14CO2 in liver is inhibited by 60–70% upon ethanol administration. However, in barbital-pretreated group this effect is prevented. Barbital pretreatment also prevents the ethanol induced inhibition of glycerol utilization, and α-glycerophosphate accumulation in liver. Hepatic alcohol oxidation rate and alcohol dehydrogenase activity is decreased by 40–50% upon barbital-pretreatment. Microsomal ethanol-oxidation remains unaffected by this treatment. It is concluded that the prevention of ethanol-induced changes by barbital in hepatic redox-state and citric acid cycle function are due to the inhibition of alcohol dehydrogenase mediated oxidation of ethanol.
A computerized scintillation data system for the gamma camera.

Abstract A computerized scintillation data system for collecting, storing, manipulating, and displaying data obtained by a gamma camera is described, and its operation in a hospital radioisotope laboratory is reviewed. Results of clinical application of the system in image subtraction for pancreas visualization and in a dynamic study of kidney function are presented. The instrument shows considerable potential usefulness as an aid to the collection and analysis of clinical data.
Hemispheric differences in neural systems for face working memory : a PET-rCBF study

Neural systems that participate in working memory for faces were investigated in an experiment designed to distinguish face perception areas from working memory areas. Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured using positron emission tomography (PET) while subjects performed a sensorimotor control task, a face perception control task, and five working memory tasks with parametrically varied retention intervals, ranging from 1 to 21 sec. Striate and ventral occipitotemporal extrastriate areas demonstrated a simple negative correlation between rCBF and retention delay, indicating that these areas participate principally in perceptual operations performed during visual stimulation. By contrast, right and left frontal areas demonstrated rCBF increases that were significantly more sustained across delays than were increases in ventral extrastriate areas, but the relation between rCBF and retention interval differed significantly by hemisphere. Whereas right frontal rCBF showed a nonsignificant tendency to diminish at longer delays, left inferior frontal, middle frontal, and anterior cingulate cortex, as well as left parietal and inferior temporal cortex, demonstrated their largest rCBF increases at the longest delays. These results indicate that right frontal and left frontal, parietal, and temporal areas all participate in face working memory, but that left hemisphere areas are associated with a more durable working memory representation or strategy that subjects rely on increasingly with longer retention intervals. One possible explanation for this hemispheric difference is that left hemisphere activity is associated with a face representation that embodies the result of more analysis and elaboration, whereas right frontal activity is associated with a simpler, icon-like image of a face that is harder to maintain in working memory. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Echinothurioid phylogeny and the phylogenetic significance of Kamptosoma (Echinoidea: Echinodermata)

Abstract The Echinothurioida is an unusual group of regular sea urchins that are characterized by soft, flexible tests and in some cases, hoof-shaped spines used for locomotion across soft, deep-sea sediments. As far as is known, all species are armed with venom-bearing spines that have been known to cause serious injury in humans. There are 50 species of echinothurioids arranged in 11 extant genera. Their fossil record is very poor, being limited to two additional fossil taxa (one of which is only tentatively considered an echinothurioid), two assigned to extant taxa, and three of more dubious affinity. With very few exceptions, only disjointed plates are preserved—and those very rarely. Today, echinothurioids are found around the globe from as far north as the Arctic Circle and as far south as Antarctica, with a bathymetric distribution ranging from inshore on coral reefs to depths of almost 5000 m. The majority of species are characteristic of the deep sea, and consequently little is known about these urchins. Many are known only from type and associated material. Their fragile tests, deep benthic habitat, and rarity make it difficult to develop a complete picture of their morphology, and as we demonstrate, breakage of the test can lead to misinterpretations of plate architecture in some taxa. The sole Antarctic species, Kamptosoma asterias , is usually considered an echinothurioid, but its unusual morphology has made its position difficult to ascertain. In addition, previous genus-level phylogenies do not test the monophyly of the genera, and some studies even suggest that the echinothurioids themselves do not constitute a monophyletic group. This study focuses on finding a species level phylogeny of the echinothurioids in order to perform these tests, and to place the enigmatic Kamptosoma in a phylogenetic context that determines whether it is indeed an echinothurioid, and if so, to which clade it is most closely related. The present analysis surveys ambulacral morphology of all echinothurioids, seeking homologies that will enhance our understanding of the diversity of plate architecture in the clade. We confirm that echinothurioids are monophyletic and basal to most other extant echinoid groups, and that Kamptosoma is a relatively crownward echinothurioid, albeit a strange one. The largest genus, Araeosoma , is monophyletic, but at least one prominent genus ( Sperosoma ) is not monophyletic. The resulting phylogeny also helps address questions concerning biogeographic and bathymetric distributions.
Reliability Data and Sex Differences with a Gender-Free Mach IV

(1986). Reliability Data and Sex Differences with a Gender-Free Mach IV. The Journal of Social Psychology: Vol. 126, No. 1, pp. 131-132.
Abstract representations as a basis for usable user interfaces

Abstract This article examines four existing or proposed standards for abstract description of user interfaces: UIML, XIML, XForms and URC. These are assessed with respect to a ‘universal remote console’ scenario, in which abstract user interface descriptions enable any user to access and control any compliant device or service in the local environment, using any personal device. Achieving usable interfaces in this scenario requires an abstract language that (a) separates data from presentation; (b) explicitly declares interface elements, their state, dependencies, and semantics; (c) incorporates alternative resources in a flexible way; and (d) supports remote control and different interaction styles. Of the technologies examined, XForms and URC provide the best match to the requirements. While XForms requires an appropriate context of use to provide full access, the URC standard will include specification of the context in which the language is to be used. Two specific research challenges are identified: semantic tagging and the development of effective authoring processes.
Body Composition and Physical Self-Concept in Older Women

ABSTRACT We sought to determine the performance and anthropometric correlates of physical self-concept and self-esteem and to observe whether long-term resistance training would alter these variables in postmenopausal women. Forty-four nonsmoking, community-dwelling, Caucasian women aged 50–75 years participated in the study. Half of the subjects participated in a 9-month regimen of weight-bearing exercises performed 3 times per week which emphasized lower body muscle strength and power development. At baseline, total body fat was negatively associated with physical self-concept and perception of physical appearance but not with self-esteem. Perception of physical appearance improved in both exercisers and controls after the 9-month trial but was most noticeable in exercisers who had low self-esteem at baseline. The only predictor of improvement in perception of physical appearance was a decrease in lower body fat mass. Minimal or nonsignificant change in psychological measures associated with the trainin...
Population impact of arthritis on disability in older adults

Objective Disability threatens the independence of older adults and has large economic and societal costs. This article examines the population impact of arthritis on disability incidence among older Americans. Methods The present study used longitudinal data (1998–2000) from the Health and Retirement Study, a national probability sample of elderly Americans. Disability was defined by the inability to perform basic activities of daily living (ADL). A total of 7,758 participants ages ≥65 years with no ADL disability at baseline were included in the analyses. Multiple logistic regression was used to measure the impact of baseline arthritis (self reported) on incidence of subsequent ADL disability after controlling for baseline differences in demographics, health factors, health behaviors, and medical access. Results Older adults who had baseline arthritis had a substantially higher incidence of ADL disability compared with those without arthritis (9.3% versus 4.5%). The strong relationship of arthritis and ADL disability was partially explained by demographic, health, behavioral, and medical access factors. However, even after adjusting for all other risk factors, arthritis remained as an independent and significant predictor for developing ADL disability (adjusted odds ratio 1.5, 95% confidence interval 1.2–1.8). Almost 1 in every 4 new cases of ADL disability was due to arthritis (adjusted population attributable fraction: 23.7%). Conclusion The high frequency of incident ADL disability attributable to arthritis points to the importance of intervention programs that address the entire spectrum of health and functional problems in persons with arthritis to prevent disability.
Forgetting as a cause of incomplete reporting of sexual and drug injection partners.

Background and Objectives:Partner notification and social network studies of infectious disease often involve interviewing people to elicit their sexual and/or drug injection partners. Incomplete reporting of partners in these contexts would significantly hamper efforts to understand and control the
Evidence of interaction between oxygen ions from conductivity relaxation and quasielastic light scattering data of yttria-stabilized zirconia

The appearances of two distinct activation energies at high and low temperatures, an anomalously high attempt frequency and a stretched-exponential time correlation function at low temperatures for oxygen-ion diffusion in yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) are shown to be quantitatively consistent with the predictions of the coupling model. These anomalies, which occur in conductivity relaxation and quasielastic light scattering data, are caused by interactions between the diffusing oxygen ions in YSZ.
Additive Effects of Numbness and Muscle Aches on Fatigue Occurrence in Individuals with HIV/AIDS Who Are Taking Antiretroviral Therapy

Abstract Context Muscle aches, numbness in the feet/toes (neuropathy), and fatigue are often reported concurrently and are among the symptoms most frequently reported by individuals with HIV/AIDS, whether or not they are taking antiretroviral therapy (ART). Objectives This study used a longitudinal analytical methodology to analyze these symptoms together to determine whether symptom clusters are maintained over time and to determine whether there is a temporal relationship between fatigue and reports of neuropathic pain and muscle aches. Methods This was a secondary analysis of a subset of data from a six-month, longitudinal, randomized, controlled trial of 243 HIV-positive individuals taking ART. Self-reported symptom frequency and intensity were recorded using the Revised Sign and Symptom Checklist for Persons with HIV disease at baseline (Month 0), one, three, and six months. Multilevel, logistic regression models were used to analyze time-lagged effects of muscle aches, numbness of the feet/toes, and fatigue to estimate any predictive and interactive effects that the symptoms have upon one another. Results A significant relationship between muscle aches and fatigue intercepts was noted (odds ratio [OR]=1.80, P≤0.05). Significant relationships between numbness and fatigue also were noted for the entire measurement period (OR=2.70, P≤0.05). Time-lagged models showed persons reporting neuropathic-related numbness in one period were nearly twice as likely to report fatigue in subsequent periods (OR=1.89, P≤0.05). The final model revealed that the addition of muscle aches and numbness explained 28% of the random variance in the occurrence of fatigue. Between-person descriptive variables including years living with HIV, age, having an AIDS diagnosis, ethnicity, and nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor treatment regimens with stavudine, zalactabine, or didanosine did not significantly explain any additional model variation. Conclusion These findings are consistent with physiological research and provide evidence that analyzing multiple symptom change over time can provide a more accurate representation of an individual's symptom experience. When evaluating patients with muscle aches or numbness, particularly when both symptoms are present, an evaluation of fatigue should be considered. Similarly, if fatigue is reported, underlying physiological assessments for neuropathic symptoms and muscle aches may be considered.
A new arborescent Chamaecrista (Caesalpiniaceae: Cassiinae)

Chamaecrista (sect.Apoucouita)amabilis is described from the coastal plain of Bahia, Brazil and compared with sympatric kindredCh. duartei andCh. onusta. The new species is illustrated and its diagnostic characters emphasized in a key.
OCCUPATIONAL PRESTIGE AS A FACTOR IN THE NET RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OCCUPATION AND JOB SATISFACTION

In contrast to earlier evidence that the relationship between level of occupation and job satisfaction is positive and monotonic, analysis of a recent national survey shows that craftsmen are more job satisfied than other males in clerical, sales, and professional-technical occupations and that this variation is independent of a number of other variables. Removal of occupational prestige modifies the occupation-job satisfaction relationship in a manner which suggests that job satisfaction may arise more from ascribed prestige than from such job characteristics as work autonomy, authority, and income.
Studies in measurement of the relations among sovereign states

This article describes the application of three psychometric methods to the problem of measurement of the friendly or hostile relations among states of the world today. To secure judgments, schedules were sent to students of international affairs at several times during the last five years. The method of equal-appearing intervals was used to determine the relative probability of war for 88 pairs of states in January, 1937; the method of “triadic combinations” to determine relative friendliness among the Great Powers in November, 1938; and the method of “multidimensional” or group rank order to measure the attitudes of important states toward the Great Powers in March and April, 1939; June, 1940; and June, 1941. A chart of scale values for the pairs of Great Powers shows the changing trends since 1937. The last two methods were used to depict the Great Powers in multidimensional space according to their mutual friendliness, thus permitting the application of a type of factor analysis. The reliability of the methods employed was high, and various types of evidence support the general validity of the results.
Effects of syntactic and semantic argument structure on sentence repetition in agrammatism: Things we can learn from particles and prepositions

Background: Sentence production impairment in aphasia has been attributed to several possible sources that are not mutually exclusive. Linguistic accounts often attribute the difficulty to the complexity of a verb's syntactic and/or semantic argument structure. Cognitive processing accounts emphasise the reduced processing capacity observed in agrammatic aphasia, which in turn has been attributed to reduced semantic short-term memory (STM) or slowed processing. Aims: In this study we used verb particles and prepositions to investigate effects of differences in syntactic and semantic argument structure on sentence repetition in aphasia. We predicted that verb particles and sentences containing verb-particle constructions would be easier to repeat than prepositions and prepositional transitive sentences, as the former have a less-complex semantic and syntactic argument structure than the latter. Also, semantic and phonological spans were assessed to determine if a reduction in either capacity correlates wit...
Lane based backbone synthesis protocols for vehicular Ad Hoc networks

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are configured to provide for communications with highway vehicles. We have recently introduced a network architecture to support such communications through the dynamic synthesis of a backbone network, identified as a Vehicular Backbone Network (VBN). Nominal positions across each road are optimally selected and announced as best locations to use for packet forwarding purposes. During each election period, within each designated subsegment situated in the vicinity of these nominal locations, a vehicle whose location is relatively close to the nominal position is elected to temporarily act as a relay node (RN). Through cross-layer settings, the relay nodes interconnect, forming a VANET backbone network. Vehicles inter-communicate through access to or from the backbone relay network. In this paper, we present distributed protocols that are employed by highway vehicles, in parallel in each segment, to elect relay nodes. Vehicles can have the capability to sense the lane in which they travel, and to gather statistics concerning the distance spacing between vehicles. We present a highly effective Lane Based Election (LBE) algorithm for the election of relay nodes. The protocol is implemented at a forwarding layer that is located above the MAC layer and is thus independent of the latter. We present mathematical analyses, confirmed by simulations, that assess the probability that a successful relay node election process will take place within a very brief period of time. For systems that do not make use of vehicular knowledge of their lane residency, we present a Group Based Election (GBE) algorithm and characterize its delay-throughput performance. We show both classes of algorithms to operate in a highly effective manner, serving to construct and update the layout of a backbone in a timely manner with high probability of success.
Wideband CMOS transimpedance amplifier

A fully differential wideband CMOS transimpedance amplifier is presented. Simulation results of different inductive peaking configurations are shown. Measured performances give a 19 GHz bandwidth and 45 dB/spl Omega/ transimpedance gain at 6.5 mW power consumption.
Cloning of a Drosophila melanogaster guanine nucleotide regulatory protein beta-subunit gene and characterization of its expression during development

Abstract A Drosophila melanogaster gene encoding a protein with greater than 80% sequence identity to the beta subunits of mammalian guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory proteins (G proteins) has been cloned. The gene, which was mapped to 13F on the X chromosome by in situ hybridization, was cloned from a Drosophila genomic library by using a bovine transducin beta-subunit cDNA probe. Genomic DNA blot hybridization analysis indicated that there is a single Drosophila G-protein beta-subunit gene. Multiple transcripts were detected throughout development; in adult flies the mRNA is expressed at higher levels in heads than in bodies. The proposed coding region is uninterrupted by introns, but there is evidence for differential mRNA splicing in the 5' nontranslated region.
Application of Qualitative Methods in Program Planning for Health Promotion Interventions

The use of qualitative methods can provide an in-depth understanding of the issues and barriers related to community health and can help to inform the planning of health promotion programs and interventions. Although there are many examples in the literature that describe the application of quantitative data to program planning, few articles explicitly describe the application of qualitative data, such as data gathered using focus groups, in-depth interviews, and windshield tours, in program planning. Using the East Side Village Health Worker Partnership in Detroit, Michigan, as a case study example, this article explains the methods of incorporating qualitative data into each stage of program planning and development, including community assessment, development of goals and objectives, implementation of activities, and program evaluation.
Inhibition of hepatic metastases of human colon cancer in nude mice by a chimeric SF-25 monoclonal antibody

Abstract Background/Aims: Hepatic metastasis is one of the most serious complications of human colon cancer. A murine-human chimeric SF-25 monoclonal antibody was prepared, and this construct recognizes a cell surface antigen highly present in human colon adenocarcinoma. Methods: This study determined if the chimeric SF-25 monoclonal antibody inhibits the outgrowth of hepatic metastases of human colon adenocarcinoma using an athymic nude mouse model. Results: A single intravenous injection of chimeric SF-25 monoclonal antibody significantly inhibited the outgrowth of 5- and 7-day hepatic micrometastases (P = 0.0001 and 0.004, respectively, vs. untreated) and improved the survival of the animals. No detectable tumor was found in the liver when mice were treated by multiple injections of the antibody immediately after tumor cell grafting into the portal vein. In contrast, F(ab′)2 fragments did not show antitumor effects, and the administration of natural killer cell or macrophage depleting agents (anti-asialo GM1 antibody and carrageenan, respectively) substantially inhibited the antitumor effects of chimeric SF-25 monoclonal antibody in vivo. Conclusions: Chimeric SF-25 monoclonal antibody inhibits growth of hepatic metastasis of human colon cancer, and cell-mediated host immune mechanisms seem to be important for its in vivo antitumor activity.
Trust & Betrayal in the Workplace: Building Effective Relationships in Your Organization

This article presents a review of the book “Trust & Betrayal in the Workplace: Building Effective Relationships in Your Organization,” by Dennis S. Reina and Michelle L. Reina.
Functional studies of dopamine control of prolactin secretion in normal women and women with hyperprolactinemic pituitary microadenoma.

Functional studies of the dopamine-PRL system in the control of the secretory activity of the lactotrope were conducted in 8 normal cycling women during the early follicular phase of the cycle and in 14 hyperprolactinemic patients with pituitary microadenoma (prolactinoma). Dynamic changes in PRL release in response to dopamine infusion and a dopamine receptor antagonist [metoclopramide (MCP)], singly and in combination, were determined and compared between normal women and prolactinoma patients. Our data show that the degree of dopamine inhibition of PRL (via 4–h infusion) in prolactinoma patients was significantly greater in terms of both the absolute PRL decrement and the rate of PRL decline compared to normal women. A strong positive correlation (r = 0.964) was found between basal PRL levels and the magnitude of PRL decline during dopamine infusion. In contrast, the rebound PRL release above basal levels after dopamine withdrawal was significantly smaller in prolactinoma patients than in normal women....
Feeding of Simulium hargreavesi Gibbins larvae on oedegonium algal filaments in Ghana.

On a dam spillway of earth and rocks at Nalerigu, in Northern Region of Ghana, huge numbers of larvae of Simulium hargreavesi Gibbins were found feeding exclusively by grazing on filaments of the green algae, Oedegonium inconspicuum Him and Oedegonium moniliforme Wittrock, and on organic debris trapped among the filaments. More than 200 midguts were dissected. The narrower species, O. inconspicuum (3.4–5 μ in diameter), was found in the gut in lengths between 100 and 1500 μ, mostly in the 165–500 μ range. The wider species, O. moniliforme (8.5–10 μ in diameter), ranged in length in the gut from 65–1000 μ, but those over 500 μ were few. The findings by other investigators of blackfly larvae feeding on filamentous algae arc reviewed, along with reported deterrent effects of such algae. The possibilities of control of grazing species through absorption, adsorption, and residual retention of insecticides by the filaments are also discussed. The gross appearance of S. hargreavesi masses on the filaments, and the 2 species of Oedegonium in dissected midguts, are illustrated by photographs.
Cross-Protection between Successive Waves of the 1918-1919 Influenza Pandemic: Epidemiological Evidence from US Army Camps and from Britain

Background. The current worst-case scenario for pandemic influenza planning is based on the catastrophic 1918 –1919 pandemic. In this article, we examine the strength of cross-protection between successive waves of the 1918 –1919 pandemic, which has remained a long-standing issue of debate. Method. We studied monthly hospitalization and mortality rates for respiratory illness in 37 army camps, as well as the rates of repeated episodes of influenza infection during January-December 1918 in 8 military and civilian settings in the United States and Britain. Results. A first wave of respiratory illness occurred in US Army camps during March-May 1918 and in Britain during May-June, followed by a lethal second wave in the fall. The first wave was characterized by high morbidity but had a lower fatality rate than the second wave (1.1% vs. 4.7% among hospitalized soldiers; P .001). Based on repeated illness data, the first wave provided 35%–94% protection against clinical illness during the second wave and 56%– 89% protection against death (P .001). Conclusion. Exposure to influenza in the spring and summer of 1918 provided mortality and morbidity protection during the fall pandemic wave. The intensity of the first wave may have differed across US cities and countries and may partly explain geographical variation in pandemic mortality rates in the fall. Pandemic preparedness plans should consider that immune protection could be naturally acquired during a first wave of mild influenza illnesses.
Deleterious Effects of Hepatitis Delta Virus Replication on Host Cell Proliferation

Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection and spread in vivo are dependent upon coinfection by hepatitis B virus (HBV), and dual HDV/HBV infection is frequently more severe than HBV infection alone, raising the possibility that HDV infection may be deleterious to cells. Here we have examined the effects of HDV replication on the long-term growth of cultured cells. Our results show that most cells transfected with HDV cDNA do not give rise to stable cell lines expressing viral antigens or replicative intermediates; in addition, cotransfection of HDV replicons with a plasmid vector expressing a hygromycin resistance marker results in a dose-dependent impairment of hygromycin-resistant colony formation. When cells transfected with replication-competent HDV cDNA are followed prospectively, a progressive decline in viral RNA replication and a steady decrease in the proportion of cells expressing delta antigen are observed. However, in transient transfection assays, no evidence was found to link HDV replication to apoptosis or to cell cycle arrest, nor did HDV replication confer on host cells enhanced sensitivity to inducers of apoptosis. Thus, HDV replication does not appear to be acutely cytotoxic. However, in dividing cells HDV replication is associated with a subtler growth disadvantage, leading to selection in culture for cells displaying diminished HDV expression. This effect would not be expected to cause hepatitis in vivo but might contribute to impaired liver regeneration in the setting of ongoing hepatocellular injury.
Effects of retinoic acid on differentiation of choriocarcinoma cells in vitro.

Choriocarcinoma cells maintain multiple hormonal functions in culture. We have found that these cells secreted no immunoreactive pregnancy-specific β1-glycoprotein (PSβG), a placental protein. Choriocarcinoma cells can be induced to synthesize low levels of PSβG by retinoic acid, 8-bromocAMP (8BrcAMP), cholera toxin, methyl-isobutylxanthine (MIX), and 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdUrd). The simultaneous addition of retinoic acid along with 8BrcAMP, cholera toxin, or MIX gave synergistic induction of PSβG. The simultaneous addition of retinoic acid and BrdUrd failed to give even additive induction. In addition to stimulating PSβG production, retinoic acid increased the production of hCG and its a-subunit (hCGα) by choriocarcinoma cells. The simultaneous addition of retinoic acid along with 8BrcAMP, cholera toxin, or MIX gave additive induction for hCG and hCGα. Passage of choriocarcinoma cells in medium containing retinoic acid induced a stable altered phenotype characterized by elevated levels of PSβG, hCG,...