cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Resistance exercise and aerobic exercise when paired with dietary energy restriction both reduce the clinical components of metabolic syndrome in previously physically inactive males

The purpose of this study was to compare resistance exercise training (RT) to aerobic exercise training (AE) on the clinical risk factors for metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) in physically inactive overweight males (age 27–48 years). Subjects with at least one risk factor for MetSyn performed RT (n = 13, age 35.1 ± 4.7 years, BMI 31.2 ± 2.7 kg/m2) or AE (n = 9, age 37.6 ± 4.9 years, BMI, 31.2 ± 3.2 kg/m2) for 6 months. Training frequency and exercise session duration were equal and by 3 months the subjects exercised 4 day/week for 45 min/session. Blood lipids and glucose, waist circumference, and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) were measured at 0, 3, and 6 months. A MetSyn z score was calculated for each subject from triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, fasting glucose, waist circumference, and MAP. Statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. No significant differences existed between RT and AE groups at 0 month. AE showed a significant reduction in MetSyn z score from 0 (0.91 ± 3.57) to 6 months (−1.35 ± 2.95), while RT approached significance (p = 0.07) from 0 (0.09 ± 2.62) to 6 months (−1.30 ± 2.22). Triglycerides (mmol/L) significantly decreased in AE from 0 (1.93 ± 0.90) to 6 months (1.41 ± 0.70). Waist circumference (cm) significantly decreased in AE from 0 (106.8 ± 7.3) to 6 months (101.2 ± 6.5), and in RT from 0 (108.4 ± 9.0) to 6 months (105.7 ± 7.0). MAP (mmHg) decreased in RT from 0 (93.8 ± 5.8) to 6 months (87.5 ± 6.1) and in AE from 0 (97.6 ± 7.0) to 6 months (91.3 ± 6.8). With equal training frequency and exercise session duration, both RT and AE training, when paired with energy restriction improve the clinical risk factor profile for MetSyn.
Functional evolution of the Myb oncogene family.

Three Myb-related genes (A-Myb, B-Myb, and c- Myb) have been found in all vertebrates examined thus far including mammals, birds, and amphibians. Two invertebrates, the sea urchin and the fruit fly, have only one Myb-related gene. Our laboratory has used Drosophila as a model system to explore the function of its sole Myb gene. We have also reintroduced the three different vertebrate Myb genes into Drosophila in order to begin to understand how their different functions may have arisen following gene duplication during evolution.
Enhanced photogenerated carrier collection in hybrid films of bio-templated gold nanowires and nanocrystalline CdSe

Hybrid films of bio-templated gold nanowires and chemical bath deposited nanocrystalline CdSe were fabricated. The conductivity of the gold nanowires within the hybrid material was controlled by gold electroless deposition. Photocurrent measurements were taken on gold nanowire films, CdSe chemical bath deposited films, and hybrid films. The incorporation of gold nanowires within the hybrid material clearly increased the extraction of photogenerated carriers within the CdSe. Photocurrent showed a direct correlation with gold nanowire conductivity.
Toxin structure: Part of a hole?

The structure of the monomeric form of perfringolysin O solved by X-ray crystallography has been used to model the very large transmembrane pore formed when this bacterial protein toxin assembles in cholesterol-containing membranes. The structure is a notable advance, but it may not provide the whole story.
Strategies for prevention of viral hepatitis in the United States

Abstract The seroepidemiology of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) in the United States reveals that injection IV drug use remains the most important risk factor for both HBV and HCV. Despite availability of the HBV vaccine, there was a subsequent 37% increase in cases of HBV infection. To prevent perinatal spread of HBV, the initial approach was to vaccinate only mothers at increased risk of carrying HBV. As this strategy failed, the approach has been changed to universal vaccination of all newborn infants with HBV vaccine, plus those entering their teenage years. It is hoped that this dual approach will enable better control of HBV by eliminating the majority of individuals from being at risk. Several approaches to reducing the incidence of transfusion-associated hepatitis have had a significant effect in reducing this risk. Careful screening of volunteer (unpaid) donors, implementation of surrogate tests for non-A, non-B hepatitis (ALT and anti-HBc), measures to decrease the risk of transfusion-associated AIDS, and especially the current use of a second generation anti-HCV test have all combined to reduce dramatically the risk of transfusion-associated hepatitis today. Current estimates reveal that the risk of HBV transmission by transfusions is on the order of 1 per 50 000 units and for HCV, as low as 1 per 62 000 units. The little ‘transfusion-associated hepatitis’ which remains appears largely to be due to non-transfusion related acquisition of HBV and HCV in patients who are incidentally receiving transfusions as part of their medical or surgical therapy.
901-84 Prognostic Value of Right Heart Catheterization Hemodynamic Data in Surgically Treated Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

Routine right heart catheterization (RHC) provides limited prognostic information in medically treated patients with coronary artery disease. The use of this procedure in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting has been more widely advocated. To determine the value of this practice, we investigated the added prognostic content of hemodynamic data obtained from 11 RHC variables in 1054 consecutive surgically treated patients (pts) with significant coronary artery disease ( ≥ 75% stenosis) between 8/6/69 and 1/1/80. During this period, RHC was performed routinely on all patients undergoing left heart catheterization (LHC). Follow up was 97% complete. Univariate RHC predictors of survival included pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). right atrial mean (RAM). CO, CI, AVO 2 difference, RV systolic pressure, PA systolic, mean and diastolic pressures, and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (p l 0.0001 for each). Age yrs (median) 52 (20-78) Male 83% EF (median) 53% (5-60) Hx of CHF 10.1% Prior MI 46.3% LVEDP (median) 11 mmHg Using a Cox model the independent predictive value of each RHC variable was analyzed when added to a prognostic model derived from clinical and LHC data. RAM (x 2 = 18.5, P l 0.001) and PVR (x 2 = 8.45, P l 0.001) added independent information to the standard clinical and invasive (left heart) prognostic factors. A significant interaction was found between PVR and EF (p = 0.0067) indicating that elevated PVR contained more prognostic information in patients with normal or elevated EF.
University Scholarly Knowledge Inventory System: A Workflow System for Institutional Repositories

The University Scholarly Knowledge Inventory System (U-SKIS) provides workspace for institutional repository staff. U-SKIS tracks files, communications, and publishers’ archiving policies to determine what may be added to a repository. A team at the University of Utah developed the system as part of a strategy to gather previously published peer-reviewed articles. As campus outreach programs developed, coordinators quickly amassed thousands of journal articles requiring copyright research and permission. This article describes the creation of U-SKIS, addresses the educational role U-SKIS plays in the scholarly communication arena, and explores the implications of implementing scalable workflow systems for other digital collections.
Microphase-Separated Block Copolymers Comprising Low Surface Energy Fluorinated Blocks and Hydrophilic Blocks: Synthesis and Characterization

The synthesis and characterization of diblock and triblock copolymers produced by a two-component iniferter system is reported. These materials, designed for possible water treatment applications, consist of a hydrophilic poly(2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) block and a very low surface energy poly(1,1‘-dihydroperfluorooctyl methacrylate) (PFOMA) or poly(1,1,2,2-tetrahydroperfluorooctyl acrylate) (PTAN) block. Angle-dependent X-ray spectroscopy results and water contact angle measurements indicate that the surfaces of PDMAEMA-b-PFOMA diblock copolymers consist primarily of PFOMA. Transmission electron microscopy reveals that the block copolymers are microphase-separated, exhibiting either cylindrical or layered morphologies that do not change appreciably upon exposure to water. Both water uptake and water flux increase with increasing PDMAEMA content.
Hubble Space Telescope observations of C2 molecules in diffuse interstellar clouds

Interstellar C2 F-X (1342 A) and D-X (2313 A) bands in the spectrum of zeta Oph were detected using the Goddard High-Resolution Spectrograph (GHRS) on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). The total C2 column density is (1.79 +/- 0.06) 10(exp 13)/sq cm for an adopted f-value of 0.0545 for the 2313 A band of the Mulliken (D-X) system. Relative f-values for the 0-0 F-X, 0-0 D-X, and 2-0 A-X (Phillips) bands are derived by combining ultraviolet and near-infrared spectra: f(sub 00 sup FX)/f(sub 00 sup DX) = 1.83 +/- 0.18 and f(sub 20 sup AX)/f(sub 00 sup DX) = 0.0226 +/- 0.0029. For the Mulliken system, lines are detected up to a rotational level J double prime = 24. The relative populations along the rotational ladder are shown to be consistent with the physical and environmental conditions suggested by other diagnostics. Interstellar C2 molecules were detected towards zeta Per (N(C2) = (0.80 +/- 0.23) 10(exp 13)) but not towards Beta(sup 1), pi, and omega(sup 1) Sco(N(C2) less than or equal to 0.17 x 10(exp 13)/sq cm.
RENORMALIZATION OF WEAK FORM-FACTORS, AND THE CABIBBO ANGLE

We argue that renormalization corrections in ${K}_{e3}$ decay reduce the magnitude of the decay amplitude ${f}_{+}(0)$ from that given by exact $\mathrm{SU}(3)$.
Association of DNA replication with the nuclear membrane of HeLa cells.

Abstract Exponentially growing HeLa cells were incubated for one minute with 3 H-thymidine and their nuclei subsequently fractionated to yield a membrane fraction containing 3–6% of the nuclear DNA. The membrane associated DNA was more highly labelled than the DNA which was separated from the membrane. The differential labelling was reversed by chasing the radioactive pulse with unlabelled thymidine. Parallel experiments utilizing autoradiography to localize incorporated thymidine provide similar information. After a radioactive pulse, most of the grains can be found in close proximity to the membrane. A chase with unlabelled thymidine results in most of the grains being found more than 0.2 μm from the membrane. We have concluded that DNA replication occurs in close association with the nuclear membrane in HeLa cells.
A computer auditing course

Abstract The computer (or EDP) Audit Course is a critical course in the accounting curriculum. Most authoritative bodies have recommended a separate 3 semester hour course in lieu of incorporating computer audit concepts into an advanced undergraduate auditing course. Consequently, such courses are expected to proliferate in number over the next several years, the main constraint being to find faculty willing and capable of instructing such a complex course. As much hands-on computer work should be integrated into the course as possible, including the development of test disks, an integrated test facility (ITF) case, and a micro terminal audit software package such as AUDITS, distributed for education use by Deloitte Haskins and Sells. Several text books have been written on computer auditing, any one of which would be suitable to use in the course. Many cases and other materials are available from large public accounting firms. Also, numerous PD computer audit courses are offered by a variety of training institutes and professional bodies, lasting from a few days to several weeks in duration. The author has taught a computer auditing course since 1978 and every year new developments necessitate slight to moderate changes in various topics included in the course. Fortunately, new materials are becoming available almost on a daily basis. In conclusion, the author feels that even though the computer audit course is a challenge to teach, all departments of accounting should prepare to offer this course, if at all possible, within the next three to five years.
Vitamin D and Calcium in Menstrual Migraine

SYNOPSIS Two premenopausal women with a history of menstrually-related migraines and premenstrual syndrome were treated with a combination of vitamin D and elemental calcium for late luteal phase symptoms. Both cited a major reduction in their headache attacks as well as premenstrual symptomatology within 2 months of therapy. These observations suggest that vitamin D and calcium therapy should be considered in the treatment of migraine headaches.
Hybrid route generation heuristic algorithm for the design of transit networks

Abstract In this paper we present a Lisp-implemented route generation algorithm (RGA) for the design of transit networks. Along with an analysis procedure and an improvement algorithm, this algorithm constitutes one of the three major components of an AI-based hybrid solution approach to solving the transit network design problem. Such a hybrid approach incorporates the knowledge and expertise of transit network planners and implements efficient search techniques using AI tools, algorithmic procedures developed by others, and modules for tools implemented in conventional languages. RGA is a design algorithm that 1. (a) is heavily guided by the demand matrix, 2. (b) allows the designer's knowledge to be implemented so as to reduce the search space, and 3. (c) generates different sets of routes corresponding to different trade-offs among conflicting objectives (user and operator costs). We explain in detail the major components of RGA, illustrate it on data generated for the transit network of the city of Austin, TX, and report on the numerical experiments conducted to test the performance of RGA.
Control law synthesis and sensor design for active flutter suppression.

Methods are presented for representing unsteady aerodynamic loadings, valid for arbitrary motion, for the two-dimensional typical section with a trailing-edge control surface in incompressible flow and a three-dimensional lifting surface with leading- or trailing-edge control surfaces in subsonic compressible flow. Loads for the two-dimensional incompressible case are obtained via analytic continuation of the Theodorsen function into the complex plane, with guidance from a time-domain approximation of the Wagner indicial function. For the three-dimensional case, it is proposed that oscillatory generalized aerodynamic forces be approximated by Pade fractions, thereby permitting an obvious continuation into the complex plane. A theoretical justification for this procedure is briefly outlined, and some practical aspects of its implementation are discussed.
Probability distributions of interaural phase and level differences in binaural detection stimuli.

Probability distributions of interaural phase and level differences are derived for the stimuli used in many studies of binaural detection and interaural‐correlation discrimination. Example distributions are shown and summary plots give the standard deviations of these distributions as functions of signal‐to‐noise ratio.
Panel IV: The Future of the Press and Secrecy

The idea that “knowledge is power” can be found in a biblical proverb and in a statement by the philosopher-scientist Francis Bacon in the late sixteenth century. By the time James Madison and Thom...
Laparoscopic management of adnexal masses in premenopausal and postmenopausal women

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the feasibility and safety of laparoscopic adnexal mass removal in patients without preselection for benign pathology and assess the operative complications and findings. Methods: All patients presenting to the gynecologic oncology service between April 1992 and April 1996 with adnexal masses were candidates for laparoscopic management. Patients underwent preoperative radiological studies and office pelvic examination. Laparoscopic management was attempted on patients without evidence of gross metastatic disease or masses that extended above the umbilicus. Laparotomy was performed if indicated by pathologic findings or technical difficulty. All removed adnexal masses were sent for immediate pathologic diagnosis. The type of procedure, intraoperative findings, and complications were all recorded at the time of procedure. Results: One hundred sixty patients underwent laparoscopic evaluation for an adnexal mass. Benign pathology was discovered in 139 (87%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 84, 90) patients, and 141 (88%, 95% CI 86, 91) patients were managed laparoscopically. Reasons for laparotomy included technical difficulty, operative complications, or malignancy. Frozen section diagnosis was concordant with the final pathology reports in all but five patients (97% concordance), and no discrepancies resulted in treatment delays. Conclusion: Laparoscopic management of adnexal masses can be successful in a gynecologic oncology population if there is expertise in operative laparoscopy, availability of immediate accurate pathologic examination, and appropriate further treatment where indicated.
Hyperglycemia‐induced TGFβ and fibronectin expression in embryonic mouse heart

Cardiovascular defects are common in diabetic offspring, but their etiology and pathogenesis are poorly understood. Extracellular matrix accumulates in adult tissues in response to hyperglycemia, and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGFβ1) likely mediates this effect. The objective of this study was to characterize TGFβ expression in the organogenesis-stage mouse heart and to evaluate TGFβ and fibronectin expression in embryonic mouse heart exposed to hyperglycemia. Prominent TGFβ1, and minimal TGFβ2 or TGFβ3, protein expression was demonstrated in embryonic day (E) 9.5–E13.5 hearts. Hyperglycemia for 24 hr produced significantly increased fibronectin, slightly increased TGFβ1, and unchanged TGFβ2 or TGFβ3, by immunohistochemistry. Increased TGFβ1 was demonstrated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in embryonic fluid and isolated hearts after hyperglycemia for 24 hr, but not 48 hr. Hyperglycemia increased fibronectin protein and mRNA expression in embryonic hearts after 24 hr, and pericardial injection of TGFβ1 also increased fibronectin mRNA in the embryonic heart. It is proposed that TGFβ1 and fibronectin may play a role in diabetes-induced cardiac dysmorphogenesis. Developmental Dynamics 231:179–189, 2004. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Pulse-induced radiation in the linear regime☆

Abstract The radiation from an ensemble of two-level atoms in a slab excited by a delta-function “light” pulse propagating normal to its face is calculated rigorously except for the neglect of the change in the ground-state population (and hence of nonlinear effects) and of incoherent spontaneous emission. We find that frequency shifts obtain when the Lorentz field and backward wave are considered.
Telling losses: Personality correlates and functions of bereavement narratives

Abstract How and why do bereaved individuals talk about their loss? What are the personality correlates and social consequences of different kinds of bereavement narratives? Two studies were conducted to answer these questions. In Study 1, participants from online bereavement support groups and memorial websites wrote bereavement narratives. Participants high in Conscientiousness told brief, factual narratives; participants high in Neuroticism told self-focused contamination narratives; and participants high in Extraversion told narratives for social reasons. In Study 2, undergraduate participants responded to twelve narratives from Study 1. Participants felt more sympathetic concern but more social awkwardness and less acceptance towards contamination narrators compared to redemption narrators. The role of personality in the telling and reception of bereavement stories, and social support after loss, is discussed.
Genetic analysis of the erf region of the bacteriophage P22 chromosome.

Abstract Derivatives of P22 with deletions of DNA sequences around and including the erf gene were obtained by crossing phages with plasmids containing fragments of the P22 chromosome. In some cases, the parent phages carried a large insertion in sequences not borne by the plasmids. In these cases, deletion of DNA from the phage chromosome to restore terminal repetition (a selectable trait) could be accomplished by recombination between phage and plasmid DNA in chosen sequences flanking the insertion on both sides and borne by the plasmid. In other cases, the parent phages had deletions of a selectable gene, which could be acquired from the plasmid parents only by acquisition of an over-lapping deletion. Deletion-bearing P22 strains were tested for growth and homologous genetic recombination in wild-type, rec A − , and rec (B or C) − hosts. This analysis indicated the existence of a gene, mapping to the left of erf , that is helpful (but not completely essential) for growth of P22 in a wild-type host. Because P22 lacking this gene grows as well as wild-type P22 on a rec BC − host, it has been designated abc (anti- rec BC). The abc gene does not appear to be essential for homologous genetic recombination in any host. A plasmid bearing a 1900 base pair fragment of P22 DNA, that expresses erf and abc under the control of the E. coli lac promoter, was constructed. It supports growth and recombination in a rec A − host by a phage that lacks all of the genes known to lie between 24 and 9.
Dielectric, piezoelectric and pyroelectric properties of Sr2TiSi2O8 polar glass-ceramic: A new polar material

Polar Sr2TiSi2O8 glass-ceramics were prepared by recrystallizing glasses in a steep temperature gradient. The dielectric, piezoelectric and pyroelectric properties were studied as a function of temperature in the temperature range −150 to 200‡ C. The sign of the pyroelectric coefficient is positive at room temperature and is attributed to the dominance of the secondary pyroelectric effect over the primary effect. Anomalies were observed in the dielectric, pyroelectric and piezoelectric properties and a large hysteresis was observed in all these properties. Probable causes for the anomalies are discussed.
Tenderness of major muscles from three breed-types of cattle at different times-on-feed.

Seventy-five steers (9 to 12 months of age) of Angus (n = 25), Brahman (n = 25) and Brahman × Angus (n = 25) breed-types of known history were fed a high-energy diet and five steers from each breed-type were slaughtered after 0, 56, 112, 168 and 224 days on test. At seven days post mortem, the left side of each carcass was fabricated and eight major primals or subprimals were obtained. Steaks were removed from the shoulder clod, strip loin, tenderloin, top sirloin, knuckle, top round, bottom round and eye of round for Warner-Bratzler shear (WBS) determinations and from the strip loin and bottom round for sensory panel evaluations. Steaks from Angus and Brahman × Angus steers were generally more tender than steaks from Brahman steers. Tenderness of steaks from steers of the three breed-types responded to time-on-feed differently: (a) steaks from Brahman steers improved (P 0·05) as time-on-feed increased and (c) for the Brahman × Angus steers, five of the ten muscles studied improved (P < 0·05) in tenderness with increasing time-on-feed. ‘Acceptable’ tenderness (WBS values of less than 4·5 kg) for most of the muscles was achieved at feeding periods from 112 to 224 days for Brahman, from 0 to 56 days for Angus and from 56 to 168 days for Brahman × Angus.
Effect of adsorbates on surface phonon modes: H on Pd(001) and Pd(110)

We investigate the effect of adsorbates on surface vibrations by calculating the phonon spectra of clean and hydrogen-covered (001) and (110) surfaces of Pd. The dynamical matrix of these systems is determined using a model many-body alloy Hamiltonian based on ab initio density-functional results for these systems, with no adjustable parameters for surface properties. The most pronounced effect of hydrogen is a strong softening of the Rayleigh wave on Pd(001) and a hardening of surface modes on Pd(001) and Pd(110) with vibration amplitudes confined to the surface layer.
Universal Aspects of Atmospheric Electricity

An analysis of the more universal aspects of atmospheric electricity is carried out. The simple mathematical treatment dispenses with the well established concept of a spherical condenser, and replaces it with the simpler and more physically acceptable picture of an earth immersed in a medium whose electrical conductivity increases exponentially with altitude to infinity. The effects of various large and small scale perturbations of this simple model are considered.
The effect of sample tilt on an emission microscope

In an emission electron microscope with electrostatic optics, the sample is part of the optics. If the sample is tilted with respect to the optic axis, the image will shift by an amount depending on the energy of the emitted electrons. This shift could cause a loss of resolution in the direction of the tilt. In this paper, a simple model is presented for the image shift and the predictions of this model are tested against simulations.
Risk and Insurance in Construction

Nael G. Bunni, Routledge, London, 2011 496 pp, ISBN 978 0 415 51442 2, £24.99 (pb) ‘Professionals involved in construction must realize that ignorance of the law is not only a handicap, but is also...
MONTE CARLO STUDIES OF A NEW MODEL DRIVEN DIFFUSIVE SYSTEM WITH REPULSIVE INTERACTIONS

We propose a new class of driven lattice gas with repulsive nearest-neighbor interactions. Particles are allowed to jump to empty next-nearest-neighbor (nnn) sites in addition to the standard nearest-neighbor moves. In contrast to previous model with repulsive interactions, the external driving field (E) acts only along the nnn directions and does not destroy ground state sublattice ordering. Extensive Monte Carlo simulations in two dimensions for small E are consistent with a line of continuous transitions with Ising exponents. First-order transitions are also found for larger E.
On the quantitative importance of market completeness

Abstract This paper quantitatively compares allocations in calibrated large overlapping generations growth models that only differ in their market structures for insuring against aggregate risk. The findings are that the equilibrium behavior of aggregate variables is very similar across all market structures. There are only minor differences: the ratio of the volatility of aggregate consumption relative to that of investment is higher in complete market economies, due partly to the higher volatility of consumption of older people. It was also found that the risk premia in complete markets economies is basically zero. Therefore, we can conclude that we can for the most part abstract from the issue of whether there exist markets for aggregate risk.
Delayed spatial alternation impairments in adult rats following dietary n-6 deficiency during development

Dietary n-3 fatty acid (FA) deficiencies during development can cause learning and memory impairments, but the functional effects of dietary n-6 FA deficiencies, reflected in a lowered n-6/n-3 ratio, are less clear. We investigated the effects of maternal diets containing fish oils, resulting in lowered n-6/n-3 ratios, on a spatial working memory task in their offspring. Starting on gestational day 6, Sprague-Dawley timed-pregnant rats were placed on one of three experimental diets: control (unadulterated powdered rat chow), Pacific Ocean (PO) fish (powdered rat chow containing 20% (w/w) lyophilized PO salmon), or PO oil (powdered rat chow containing 6% (w/w) oil extracted from PO salmon). The 6% oil dose was selected because it is equivalent to the amount of oil in the 20% lyophilized fish diet. The experimental diets were fed until weaning on postnatal day (PND) 21, at which time all pups were placed on the rat chow diet. Starting on approximately PND77, one male and one female from each litter began a cognitive test battery using 2-lever operant chambers. PO groups failed to reach the same level of performance as the controls on the delayed spatial alternation (DSA) task and also showed decreased performance on delay trials. FA analyses of the diets found that the n-6/n-3 ratios for the PO fish and oil groups were reduced to 2.5 and 3.2, respectively, vs. 6.9 for controls. Analysis of brain tissue taken from pups on PND21 confirmed that the n-6/n-3 ratios within the brain were significantly reduced from 1.18 for controls to 0.87 and 0.90 for PO fish and oil groups, respectively. Specifically, the PO diets significantly increased long-chain n-3 FAs (20:5 n-3 and 22:6 n-3) and decreased long-chain n-6 FAs (20:4 n-6 and 22:4 n-6) in the brain. Thus, the observed delayed spatial alternation impairments in rats fed PO fish and fish oil are hypothesized to have resulted from the altered n-6/n-3 FA ratios.
Metoclopramide for acute migraine: a dose-finding randomized clinical trial.

Study objective Intravenous metoclopramide is effective as primary therapy for acute migraine, but the optimal dose of this medication is not yet known. The objective of this study is to compare the efficacy and safety of 3 different doses of intravenous metoclopramide for the treatment of acute migraine. Methods This was a randomized, double-blind, dose-finding study conducted on patients who presented to our emergency department (ED) meeting International Classification of Headache Disorders criteria for migraine without aura. We randomized patients to 10, 20, or 40 mg of intravenous metoclopramide. We coadministered diphenhydramine to all patients to prevent extrapyramidal adverse effects. The primary outcome was improvement in pain on an 11-point numeric rating scale at 1 hour. Secondary outcomes included sustained pain freedom at 48 hours and adverse effects. Results In this study, 356 patients were randomized. Baseline demographics and headache features were comparable among the groups. At 1 hour, those who received 10 mg of intravenous metoclopramide improved by a mean of 4.7 numeric rating scale points (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.2 to 5.2 points); those who received 20 mg improved by 4.9 points (95% CI 4.4 to 5.4 points), and those who received 40 mg improved by 5.3 points (95% CI 4.8 to 5.9 points). Rates of 48-hour sustained pain freedom in the 10-, 20-, and 40-mg groups were 16% (95% CI 10% to 24%), 20% (95% CI 14% to 28%), and 21% (95% CI 15% to 29%), respectively. The most commonly occurring adverse event was drowsiness, which impaired function in 17% (95% CI 13% to 21%) of the overall study population. Akathisia developed in 33 patients. Both drowsiness and akathisia were evenly distributed across the 3 arms of the study. One month later, no patient had developed tardive dyskinesia. Conclusion Twenty milligrams or 40 mg of metoclopramide is no better for acute migraine than 10 mg of metoclopramide.
Thermal effects in excimer-excited bismuth germanate

An interesting thermal effect associated with intense ultraviolet excitation of bismuth germanate (Bi4Ge3O12) crystal is found to increase the excitation rate approximately 2 orders of magnitude beyond that determined from excitation intensity and absorption. The effect involves a nonlinear increase of absorption of thermal origin owing to a shift of the absorption edge and indicates the need to take this shift into account when dealing with excited-state absorption and gain measurements.
Theoretical principles of internal standardization in analytical emission spectroscopy

Abstract The principles which affect the choice of analysis and internal standard lines in analytical atomic spectroscopy are explored theoretically using a computer-based model. The spectral source chosen for the model was the induction-coupled argon plasma fed with a water solution of metallic salts. The effect of excitation energy, ionization energy, partition functions and electron density on the analytical line pair intensity ratio is explored. Examples are presented which illustrate the contribution of each variable to the intensity ratio over the 3000–15000°K temperature range, allowing the reader to assess the importance of each based on a knowledge of the properties of his own source. Finally, some of the problems encountered in the course of this study are discussed.
The determination of radioactive iodine in biologic material.

SummaryA convenient and accurate method for the measurement of small amounts of I131 in biologic material is described.
Effects of Temperature and Streamflow on Time and Duration of Spawning by Smallmouth Bass

Abstract The influences of eight water temperature and three discharge variables on the time and duration of spawning by smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieui were evaluated in three mainstem sections and two tributaries of the New River in Virginia and West Virginia. Stepwise discriminant analysis was used to assess the relative importance of each variable in distinguishing between days when spawning did and did not occur. Spawning occurred from late April through mid-July at mean daily water temperatures ranging from 12.5 to 23.5°C. Frequency distributions of spawning dates were nearly identical among study sites, as was the timing of hydrologic events. Spawning activities were interrupted by flooding in June and resumed when water levels were receding. Mean daily water temperature explained most of the variation among groups of daily stream conditions related to spawning activities. Discriminant functions developed from three temperature variables and one discharge variable correctly classified 72% of ...
Language Performance of Low-Income African American and European American Preschool Children on the PPVT–III

Purpose The performance of low-income African American preschoolers (36 to 52 months old) on the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test—Third Edition (PPVT–III; L. M. Dunn & L. M. Dunn, 1997) was examined...
Induction of sodium pentobarbital anesthesia. a circadian rhythm

Abstract Pentobarbital anesthesia can be induced in rats entrained to a 12 hr photoperiod (09.00 ‐ 20.00 hr) most readily during the first half of the environmental light period. Rats are most resistant to anesthesia at 21.00 hr. The cyclic changes in the time required for anesthesia induction and the duration of the effect appear highly correlated.
Neonatal alcohol exposure produces more severe motor coordination deficits in high alcohol sensitive rats compared to low alcohol sensitive rats.

Abstract Prenatal exposure to alcohol can produce a number of behavioral alterations, including hyperactivity, learning deficits and motor impairments. However, the severity and nature of behavioral alterations varies markedly among children of women who drink during pregnancy. One important determinant of this variation may be genetic differences in the response to alcohol. Recently, we demonstrated that exposure to alcohol during development produced hyperactivity in rats bred for high alcohol sensitivity (HAS), but not in rats bred for low alcohol sensitivity (LAS). These lines were selectively bred for extremes in alcohol-induced “sleep time.” The present study investigated the effects of ethanol exposure during development on motor coordination later in life in both HAS and LAS rats. Using an artificial rearing procedure, neonatal pups from each line were exposed to a binge-like alcohol treatment on postnatal days (PD) 4–9. Within each line, one group was exposed to ethanol (6.0 g/kg/day), one group served as an artificially reared control, and a third served as a normally reared control group. On PD 30, parallel bar motor performance was evaluated. Exposure to ethanol during development severely impaired motor performance in the HAS rats compared to their controls. In LAS rats, early ethanol exposure produced only mild and nonsignificant effects on motor performance. Thus, HAS rats were more vulnerable to ethanol-induced motor deficits compared to the LAS rats. Importantly, there were no differences in peak blood alcohol level between the lines, indicating that vulnerability to ethanol's teratogenic effects was not due to differences in metabolic rate. These results suggest that genetic differences in response to alcohol may serve as a predictor for susceptibility to ethanol's teratogenic effects.
Problem solving by patients with multiple sclerosis: comparison of performance on the Wisconsin and California Card Sorting Tests.

Problem solving by patients with clinically definite multiple sclerosis (MS) was examined using the Wisconsin and California Card Sorting Tests (WCST and CCST). On the WCST, the MS patients achieved fewer categories and made more perseverative responses and errors than controls, confirming results of several previous studies. On the CCST, the MS patients generated and identified fewer concepts, but they performed normally when sorting was cued by the experimenter and they made no more persevcrations than controls. Although findings from the WCST indicate that the problem solving deficits by MS patients closely resemble those exhibited by patients with various conditions that produce frontal lobe dysfunction, results from the CCST indicate that the problem solving difficulties exhibited by patients with MS arc distinct and probably represent a primary deficit in concept formation. (JINS, 1996, 2, 134–140.)
Could making banks hold only liquid assets induce bank runs

Abstract Restrictions placed on bank portfolios are analyzed in a banking model designed to capture the role of checking accounts in facilitating transactions. Forcing banks to hold only liquid assets creates the incentive for liquidity-based runs. Even when a run does not occur, welfare is reduced as a result of overinvestment in the liquid asset.
Azimuthal Resistivity Surveys Over a Fractured Landfill Cover

Azimuthal resistivity surveys were assessed as a means of identifying and characterizing landfill cover fractures through a small-scale experiment in which azimuthal resistivity variations were measured over fractured and unfractured cover under both moist and dry conditions. Soil moisture tensions and rainfall were also recorded. Fracture trends did not always correspond to azimuths of increased apparent resistivity, suggesting the standard anisotropic resistivity model often used to identify fractures is inappropriate in this setting. Fractured cover materials, however, exhibited higher average resistivities and greater azimuthal resistivity variation than unfractured cover materials, particularly during dry periods. Azimuthal resistivity surveys should be tested further, utilizing these results, over landfill covers containing buried fractures or fractures hidden by vegetation.
Comparing Four Methods of Integrating Parent and Teacher Symptom Ratings of Attention-deficit/hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Although parents and teachers are valid informants in the assessment of childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), there is relatively little systematic research on how these ratings should be optimally combined. We compared four methods of ADHD assessment to determine how well they identified impaired children: (1) parent only, (2) teacher only, (3) parent or teacher (‘or rule’), and (4) parent and teacher (‘and rule’). We obtained parent and teacher ratings of ADHD from the Disruptive Behavior Disorder Rating Scale on 232 5- to 10-year-old children (69% male; 47% Caucasian) with (n = 121) and without (n = 111) ADHD. We used receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) and seemingly unrelated regression analyses (SUR) to evaluate how accurately each method identified categorically- and dimensionally-defined measures of functional impairment. Parent ratings of ADHD optimally identified globally impaired children based on categorical and dimensional measures. However, teacher ratings of ADHD most accurately identified children who were negatively regarded by peers using categorical, but not dimensional, measures. No ADHD assessment method effectively identified children with academic difficulties. Although multiple informants are valuable in the assessment of ADHD, no single method was consistently superior in identifying impaired children across domains. We consider alternative assessment strategies in ADHD as well as other potential factors that may contribute to modest agreement among informants.
Photoelectron diffraction of magnetic ultrathin films: Fe/Cu(001)

The preliminary results of an ongoing investigation of Fe/Cu(001) are presented here. Energy dependent photoelectron diffraction, including the spin-dependent variant using the multiplet split Fe3s state, is being used to investigate the nanoscale structures formed by near-monolayer deposits of Fe onto Cu(001). Core-level photoemission from the Fe3p and Fe3s states has been generated using synchrotron radiation as the tunable excitation source. Tentatively, a comparison of the experimental Fe3p cross section measurements with multiple scattering calculations indicates that the Fe is in a fourfold hollow site with a spacing of 3.6{Angstrom} between it and the atom directly beneath it, in the third layer. This is consistent with an FCC structure. The possibility of utilizing spin-dependent photoelectron diffraction to investigate magnetic ultrathin films will be demonstrated, using our preliminary spectra of the multiplet-split Fe3s os near-monolayer Fe/Cu(001). 18 refs., 10 figs.
Relationship between the flow of polymeric substances in a parallel plate compression rheometer and in an extrusion rheometer

The parallel plate compression rheometer is a typical measuring apparatus for the plastic flow of high polymers. In this rheometer, compressive creep curves of test specimens were studied at low rates of shear at constant temperature. Assuming Newtonian flow in the test specimen between the parallel plates, the coefficient of apparent viscosity was calculated from the lapsed viscous-flow portion of these creep curves. The test specimen was a disk type with an initial-diameter-to-initial-height ratio of more than 30. Under low rates of shear, structural viscosity has little effect on the experimental results with cellulose acetate derivative plastics. At high rates of shear in the extrusion rheometer, however, the coefficient of apparent viscosity increases with a decrease of extrusion pressure. The experimental results in the parallel plate compression rheometer corresponds to those of zero extrusion pressure in the extrusion rheometer by the extrapolation method. The intrinsic flow energy, Uint., as a comparative value of the flow behavior of various kinds of linear polymers, is measured directly by the parallel plate compression rheometer.
Maxicircle CR1 transcripts of Trypanosoma brucei are edited and developmentally regulated and encode a putative iron-sulfur protein homologous to an NADH dehydrogenase subunit.

Abstract The maxicircle of Trypanosoma brucei encodes components of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation system, as do other mitochondrial DNAs, but maxicircle gene identification is complicated by extensive editing of some transcripts. We found that transcripts from the CR1 region were extensively edited, as are other transcripts from maxicircle regions which exhibit strong G versus C strand bias. Editing added 259 uridines and removed 46 uridines to produce an approximately 574-nucleotide mature mRNA. Partially edited cDNAs and potential guide RNAs were also characterized. Initiation and termination codons were created, and they defined an open reading frame encoding a predicted protein of 145 amino acids. This protein contains two iron-sulfur cysteine motifs and is homologous to a subunit of NADH dehydrogenase and to other electron-carrier proteins. Higher levels of both edited and unedited CR1 transcripts accumulated in bloodstream forms of the parasite than in procyclic forms, suggesting developmental regulation of CR1 gene expression.
Direct Numerical Simulation of Leading-Edge Receptivity to Sound

Numerical simulations of leading-edge acoustic receptivity are performed for a e at plate with a modie ed-superelliptic leading edge. For small freestream amplitude the agreement between branch I receptivity coefe cients predicted from the direct numerical simulation (DNS) and the experiments for acoustic waves at zero incidence is excellent. The effect of angle of incidence of the impinging wave is investigated and found to produce higher receptivity coefe cients than in the symmetric case. The slope of leading-edge receptivity coefe cient vs angle of incidence of the impinging wave is found to be less than 1 of the slope predicted by zero-thickness e at-plate theory. However, there is excellent agreement between theDNS and e nite-nose-radius theory. These resultsclearly demonstrate the importance of including the effects of the e nite nose radius in any receptivity study. Finally, downstream of the leading-edge region linear stability theory is found to reproduce accurately the characteristics of the instability waves. At higher freestream forcing, an instability wave generated by nonlinear interaction is found at double the frequency of the forcing.
Formal model of human material-handling tasks for control of manufacturing systems

To achieve an effective integration framework for manufacturing systems, a formal model of a system is highly desired. In spite of significant work on automated manufacturing systems, human operators still play a critical role in virtually every system, especially for material-handling processes. To build a model for control and analysis of a system where a human operator is integrated, a formal functional specification of a human material handler (MH) is presented in a hierarchical framework. Two types of human operational errors associated with material-handling tasks are also classified and discussed. A shop floor control example is provided to illustrate the proposed modeling framework
Solid–liquid phase equilibria of binary indole mixtures with some aromatic compounds using a solid–liquid–vapor equation-of-state

Abstract The separation of useful chemicals, such as indole from coal tar, is an important subject of research in the field of fossil energy, renewable energy, and utilization of byproducts and waste materials. High-pressure crystallization is one of the proposed separation methods. To understand the process requires detailed knowledge of solid–liquid phase behaviors. Solid–liquid phase equilibrium data of various binary mixtures of indole have been reported in the literature. In the present report, we analyze some of the experimental data with our unified solid–liquid–vapor equation-of-state to see whether our model can be useful for the calculation of solid–liquid equilibria in these organic systems. Good correlations of the data and predictions of phase behavior, at very high pressures, are demonstrated.
Communication as a predictor of willingness to donate one's organs: an addition to the theory of reasoned action

Fishbein and Ajzen’s theory of reasoned action has been used by many researchers, particularly in regard to health communication, to predict behavioral intentions and behavior. According to that theory, one’s intention is the best predictor that one will engage in a behavior, and attitudes and social norms predict behavioral intentions. Other researchers have added different variables to the postulates of attitudes and social norms that Fishbein and Ajzen maintain are the best predictors of behavioral intention. Here we draw on data from a 2006 telephone survey (N = 420) gauging the awareness of an organ donation campaign in Northeast Ohio to examine the impact of communication on people’s intentions. The current study supports the hypothesis that those who communicate with others are more likely to express a greater willingness to become an organ donor, but it expands the range of communication contexts. With demographics and attitudes toward organ donation controlled for, this study shows that communication with others about organ donation increases the willingness of individuals to have favorable attitudes about being an organ donor. (Progress in Transplantation. 2008;18:257-262)