cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Numerical Palaeobiology—Computer-based Modelling and Analysis of Fossils and their Distributions

Numerical Palaeobiology—Computer-based Modelling and Analysis of Fossils and their Distributions, David A.T. Harper (Editor), 1999, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, 468 p. (Hardcover $99.00) ISBN: 0-471-97405-6. The 1990's saw the proliferation of inexpensive, fast computers and software packages for manipulating large data bases and conducting statistical, phylogenetic, and morphometric analyses. Projects that formerly required formidable programming skills and long (and expensive) amounts of computer time could be finished overnight or even nearly instantaneously by rank technopeasants. This has encouraged quantitative analyses by paleobiologists (indeed, by biologists in general) and, perhaps, also has encouraged more sophisticated statistical testing and inferring of hypotheses. However, the most recent volume dedicated to quantitative paleontology was Gilinsky and Signor, 1991's “ Analytical Paleobiology. ” Given the subsequent advances in hardware, software, and methodology, Harper's volume represents a timely release. Like Gilinsky and Signor's edited volume, this is a multi-authored tome touching on numerous subjects pertinent to morphologic evolution, paleoecology, and biostratigraphy. Unlike Gilinsky and Signor's volume, not only are methods explained and detailed with numerous examples, but software packages (including both commercial and privately published ones) are detailed also. The first five chapters concern analyses of morphology. Harper and Owen's “Quantitative and morphometric methods in taxonomy” covers a wide range of topics. This is perhaps to the chapter's detriment, as it reads almost like an abbreviated modern version of Sneath and Sokal (1973) tailored for paleontologists. The chapter's focus is twofold: techniques for distinguishing among species given multiple fossil “populations,” and methods for summarizing broad patterns among species (e.g., morphologic disparity). In doing so, the chapter provides overviews of “traditional” morphometrics (e.g., linear measures of a priori characters), geometric morphometrics (i.e., analyses of landmark distributions) and outline analyses (e.g., eigenshape and Fourier analyses), brief summaries of several multivariate methods, as well as synopses on …
Oil Matrix Technique for Investigation of Competitive Chemisorption and Interactions between Coadsorbed Species on Metallic Films

A technique to obtain intense infrared spectra over a wide frequency range for molecules adsorbed on metal particles dispersed in a hydrocarbon medium is described. New applications of this technique to determining extents of adsorption in competitive chemisorption situations and the interactions of coadsorbed species are given. Band shifts are interpreted in terms of electronic factors for ND3 and NH3 coadsorbed with PF3 on Fe, Ni, and Cu; for H2O with BCl3 on Ni; for trimethyl phosphite with CO on V, Fe, Ni, and Cu; and for alkylamines with CO on Fe and Ni.
Depending on Character: ASCE Shapes its First Code of Ethics

From the founding of the ASCE in 1852 through today, engineers have relied not only on their individual reputations, but also on the character of the entire discipline. The value of ethical behavior to individual engineers and to the profession leads us to assume that codes of ethics should exist, that they should shape engineers’ behavior, and that they should be enforced. Yet for the first 60 years of their society’s existence, ASCE members repeatedly rejected proposals that the society adopt a formal code of ethics to define appropriate behavior for ASCE members. Furthermore, the code the society eventually did adopt in 1914 was accepted reluctantly, amid strong concern that it would unduly restrict an engineer’s behavior and practice. The first ASCE code was intended, in effect, not so much as a collection of rules, but as a declaration of engineers’ independence from such rules. This paper explores the origins of the ASCE’s first code of ethics to provide a historical backdrop for contemporary discussions about what it means to be an ethical engineer and what role professional societies should play in establishing, encouraging, and enforcing ethical standards.
Long-Term Effectiveness of Cognitive Therapy in Major Depressive Disorder.

Cognitive therapy of depression, based on the cognitive theory of depression, is an established treatment for major depressive disorder. Although few clinicians expect acute treatment of depression with antidepressant medication to prevent long-term relapse of the illness, some practitioners of cognitive therapy report long-term effectiveness in preventing relapse after short-term treatment. We set out to reanalyze follow-up studies in the literature, using intent-to-treat principles to assess the long-term effects of acute treatment with cognitive therapy. From an initial reference list of 97 citations that met our search criteria (controlled clinical trials of cognitive therapy in depression with follow-up), we found five trials that met our inclusion criteria. This report reviews and reanalyzes these five trials, published between 1981 and 1992, which compare cognitive therapy and tricyclic antidepressant therapy. Overall, the evidence favors a longer-term effect for cognitive therapy over tricyclic antidepressants alone.
The Impact of Introductory Economics on Student Perceptions of Income Distribution

There appears to be a growing interest in studies that measure the effects of economics instruction on student attitudes and opinions. Sosin and McConnell have developed an instrument to test student attitudes toward income distribution. The test was administered to control and experimental groups at the University of Nebraska. The results show significant changes on the part of the treatment group (students studying principles of economics) but no statistically significant changes on the part of the control group (students in a human geography course). Using a multiple regression model, the authors also considered such variables as sex, race, marital status, age, occupational and income status of parents, student's employment situation, and cumulative grade point average.
Alfred Russel Wallace’s world of final causes

Alfred Russel Wallace (1823–1913) is an important figure in the history of science, but there remain many questions about the nature of his world view, and how it developed. Here, Wallace’s appreciation of the role of final causes in evolution is linked to some of its probable origins, with an emphasis on the influence of Alexander von Humboldt (1769–1859). The question is then asked whether a final causes-based scientific agenda might be possible, and answered by drawing attention to two current efforts in that direction by Adrian Bejan, and by the author. A sketch of the latter approach, adapted from Spinozian thinking, is given, with an empirical example involving drainage basin morphology that suggests structural influences of a final causes sort.
Strong Bragg Gratings in Highly Photosensitive Photo-Thermo-Refractive-Glass Optical Fiber

A new type of photosensitive fiber is demonstrated. Long lengths (>;100 m) of coreless optical fiber are fabricated from highly photosensitive photo-thermo-refractive glass. A minimum loss of <;2 dB/m is measured. A holographic technique using low power near-UV two-beam interference patterns is applied to record strong and robust Bragg gratings inside the fiber. The gratings show no degradation when heated up to 425 °C for several hours.
A New Argument for Nonconceptual Content

This paper provides a novel argument against conceptualism, the claim that the content of human experience, including perceptual experience, is entirely conceptual. Conceptualism entails that the content of experience is limited by the concepts that we possess and deploy. I present an argument to show that such a view is exceedingly costly—if the nature of our experience is entirely conceptual, then we cannot account for concept learning: all perceptual concepts must be innate. The version of nativism that results is incompatible with naturalistic accounts of concept learning. This cost can be avoided, and concept learning accounted for if nonconceptual content of experience is admitted.
Charge transfer in a p-surface channel CCD as a function of bias charge

Measurements of charge transfer loss in a p-surface channel CCD have been obtained as a function of bias charge. The experimental data satisfy the relationship: transfer loss proportional to log (1/bias charge) for values of bias charge less than 0.1 percent of the full well signal. Analysis of these data yields an interface state density of 1.0 × 1010states/cm2. eV in good agreement with values obtained by other techniques.
Functional outcomes following robotic prostatectomy using athermal, traction free risk-stratified grades of nerve sparing.

Objective To report our unique approach for individualizing robotic prostate cancer surgery by risk stratification and sub classification of the periprostatic space into 4 distinct compartments, and thus performing 4 precise different grades of nerve sparing based on neurosurgical principles and to present updated potency and continence outcomes data of patients undergoing robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP) using our risk-stratified approach based on layers of periprostatic fascial dissection.
The development of sensitivity to visual structure.

Abstract Perceived complexity of visual patterns as a function of stimulus structure and contour was studied in 4–5-, 7–8-, and 9–10-yr-old children and adults. Subjects participated in a paired comparison task of visual complexity. Both amount of contour and the presence or absence of structure in the patterns were manipulated The results indicated that complexity judgments of all subjects were affected by the presence of structure at lower levels of contour. With age, gradually increasing weight was attributed to visual structure in high-contour patterns. The results suggested that sensitivity to visual structure may develop well into school age, taking the form of a gradual increase in the number of pattern elements which can be perceived to be organized.
A technique for electrophoresis in multiple-concentration agarose gels

Abstract A technique has been developed for embedding several agarose gels (running gels), each of a different agarose concentration, within a single 1.5% agarose slab. Equal portions of a sample were placed at the origin of each running gel and were simultaneously subjected to electrophoresis. Protein within the running gels was detected by staining with Coomassie blue; 0.2% gels were the least concentrated gels that were stained without gel breakage. Using the above technique, the dependence of electrophoretic mobility on agarose concentration has been measured for bacteriophage T7 capsids and a capsid dimer.
On the continuing education of the physician.

Summary: On the continuing education of the physician. M. D. Bogdonoff, Aust. N.Z. J. Med., 1976, 6, pp. 509–513.
Federal-employee unions and workforce 2000

Federal-employee unions face many challenges, including coping with the changes implied by Workforce 2000. These changes, coupled with economic and budgetary constraints, should raise the demand for federal sector unionism per se, but unions are hamstrung in their ability to take advantage of the situation. The law regulating labor relations among federal employees weakens the power and hence appeal of unions. The principal federal unions may employ several strategies to take advantage of Workforce 2000, including political activism, but their relative capacities to do so are limited. The American Federation of Government Employees and the National Federation of Federal Employees in particular have massive free-riding problems which strain their ability to serve represented employees.
High-temperature DTA studies of AxMF3 compounds (A=K, Rb, Cs; M=V, Cr; and x=0–1.0)

A{sub x}VF{sub 3} (A=K, Rb, Cs; x=0-1.0) and A{sub x}CrF{sub 3} compounds were sealed inside high-temperature DTA molybdenum sample cups using electron beam welding techniques. Melting temperatures of the A{sub x}VF{sub 3} compounds ranged from 1050 to 1400 deg. C; those of A{sub x}CrF{sub 3} from 850 to 1200 deg. C. Reconstructive transitions were observed for A{sub x}VF{sub 3} compounds between 650 and 950 deg. C, and for A{sub x}CrF{sub 3} compounds between 550 and 825 deg. C. A displacive transition was observed to occur in VF{sub 3} at 490 deg. C. Order-disorder transitions were determined by X-ray diffraction techniques. In the A{sub x}VF{sub 3} compounds, electronic ordering and ordering of partially filled A{sup +} sites were observed to occur between 100 and 300 deg. C. Ordering phenomena in the A{sub x}CrF{sub 3} compounds (in addition to electronic ordering and ordering of partially filled A{sup +} sites) included Jahn-Teller cooperative ordering. These compounded transitions occurred between 300 and 500 deg. C.
Brainstem-mediated locomotion and myoclonic jerks. II. Pharmacological effects

Abstract Previous studies in our laboratory have demonstrated that microinjection of N -methyl- d -aspartate (NMDA) agonist into the nucleus magnocellularis (NMC) of the medial medulla increases muscle tone and/or produces locomotion, while injection of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and non-NMDA agonists into the same or nearby sites suppresses muscle tone. In the first paper of this series, we report that myoclonic twitches or coordinated rhythmic leg movement (locomotion) can be induced by either NMDA or hemorrhagic bilateral lesion of the ventral mesopontine junction (vMPJ). In this paper, we report that microinjection of CRF (10 nM) or non-NMDA agonists, kainic acid (0.1–0.2 mM) and quisqualic acid (1–10 mM), into the NMC block locomotion and myoclonic twitches. The latency and duration of CRF and non-NMDA agonist-induced blockade of motor activity were short, at 34 s and 3.6 min, respectively. However, microinjection of the NMDA antagonists dl -2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (APV; 50 mM) or dl -2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (AP5, 20 mM) block myoclonus at a latency of 0.6–3 min with the block lasting for a mean of 7 h. Thus, activation of non-NMDA receptors or inactivation of NMDA receptors in NMC can block myoclonus. An imbalance between the inputs to these receptor systems may contribute to the generation of abnormal motor activation in waking and sleep.
MESFET-based spatial power combiners

Design and experimental results for a unit cell incorporating one MESFET is presented. Construction of a two dimensional spatial power combiner from the unit cell is discussed.
Highly Creep-Resistant Silicon Nitride/Silicon Carbide Nano–Nano Composites

A high creep resistance at specified temperature and compressive stress was obtained in this investigation in the silicon nitride/silicon carbide composite with a nano–nano structure (nanosized SiC and Si3N4 in dual-phase mixture) by a novel synthesis method. Starting from an amorphous Si–C–N powder derived from pyrolysis of a liquid polymer precursor, nanocomposites with varied grain size were achieved. With yttria additive amount decreasing from 8 to 1 wt% and eventually to zero, the structure underwent a transition from micro-nano (nano-sized SiC included in sub-micron Si3N4) to nano–nano type. Nanocrystalline silicon nitride/silicon carbide ceramic composite with 30–50 nm grain size was synthesized without using sintering additive.
Inhibition of angiogenesis by high salt diet is associated with impaired muscle performance following chronic muscle stimulation.

Objective: High dietary salt has been demonstrated to inhibit angiogenesis in skeletal muscle. The purpose of this study was to determine whether high salt impairs steady state muscle performance following a chronic stimulation protocol.Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were placed on a control diet (CD, 0.4% NaCl) or high salt diet (HSD, 4.0% NaCl) prior to implantation of an electrical muscle stimulator. In chronically stimulated animals, hind limb muscles were stimulated to contract eight hours daily for seven days. Sham animals received a stimulator that was never activated.Results: Following chronic stimulation, tibialis anterior (TA) muscles of animals on CD demonstrated an 84.6% increase in force of contraction at the end of an acute stimulation bout relative to sham animals fed CD. Decreased muscle fatigue was associated with an increase in capillaries per TA fiber (C:F). Chronic stimulation in HSD rats induced a smaller improvement (52.2%) in final force compared to HSD sham rats. This impairment of m...
Low-Jc Rapid Single Flux Quantum (RSFQ) Qubit Control Circuit

We designed a 30 A/cm2 RSFQ-qubit control circuit and tested operation at 4 K. The integration of RSFQ technology and qubits monolithically requires great attention to thermal budgeting and electromagnetic compatibility. These issues are of primary concern when developing an RSFQ-qubit experiment. The interface of an SFQ circuit to a qubit requires tunable coupling since RSFQ inherently limits logical elements to single-flux storage. By measuring the quantum-tunneling rate of a phase qubit, we can determine the effect of changing the coupling strength between the classical and quantum systems. By looking at the same system, we can diagnose the impact, whether thermal or electromagnetic, of an active digital circuit. These tests would set an upper bound on the deleterious effects of monolithic integration.
PRESENCE OF TWO TYPES OF L POLYPEPTIDE CHAINS IN GUINEA PIG 7S IMMUNOGLOBULINS

Guinea pig 7S immunoglobulins (γ1 and γ2) consist of two groups of molecules (K and L) bearing different types of L chains (κ and λ). Approximately one-third of the molecules in normal guinea pig γ2-globulin bear the λ- type of L chains, and all or most of the others bear κ-chains. κ- and λ-chains have similar molecular weights.
Preparing the personal physician for practice (P(4)): residency training in family medicine for the future.

### Historical Roots When Family Medicine became a specialty in 1969, residency training was established as being 3 years in duration based largely on 2 significant reports, both commissioned by the American Medical Association Council on Medical Education and published in 1966. The Millis
Preclosure pressure gradients predict patent ductus arteriosus patients at risk for later left pulmonary artery stenosis.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the incidence of pre-existing catheterization left pulmonary artery (LPA) gradients and correlation of these gradients with later LPA stenosis after successful patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) occlusion. We performed a single-center review of 130 patients with PDA closure from October 1993 to February 2005. We analyzed the pre-PDA closure LPA pressure gradients at catheterization to determine if these were predictive of late LPA stenosis. On follow-up, a V max >2 m/s by echocardiogram (transthoracic echocardiography; TTE) was considered indicative of possible LPA stenosis. Left lung perfusion of 7 mm Hg. Five of these had perfusion scans, three of the five had significant LPA stenosis, and two underwent LPA angioplasty. Patients with LPA catheter gradients >7 mm Hg were more likely to have possible LPA stenosis by TTE, significant LPA stenosis by lung scan, and intervention with LPA angioplasty. In conclusion, a preclosure main pulmonary artery-to-LPA pressure gradient >7 mm Hg was found in all patients who developed significant LPA stenosis on follow-up after transcatheter PDA closure. It appears likely that these patients have LPA abnormality rather than stenosis caused by the PDA occlusion device. Patients with preclosure LPA gradients >7 mm Hg should undergo follow-up evaluations for detection of significant stenosis and may require treatment if an important flow abnormality is documented.
The Greco-Turkish war, 1920–1922

The Greco-Turkish War was one of the major aftershocks in the wake of World War I. In attacking war-ravaged Turkey, Greece sought to realize her goal of a new Hellenic presence in Asia Minor. This action, together with British, French, and Italian designs upon Anatolian territory, threatened Turkey's existence as a nation.
pH-Dependent Expression of Periplasmic Proteins and Amino Acid Catabolism in Escherichia coli

Escherichia coli grows over a wide range of pHs (pH 4.4 to 9.2), and its own metabolism shifts the external pH toward either extreme, depending on available nutrients and electron acceptors. Responses to pH values across the growth range were examined through two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-D gels) of the proteome and through lac gene fusions. Strain W3110 was grown to early log phase in complex broth buffered at pH 4.9, 6.0, 8.0, or 9.1. 2-D gel analysis revealed the pH dependence of 19 proteins not previously known to be pH dependent. At low pH, several acetate-induced proteins were elevated (LuxS, Tpx, and YfiD), whereas acetate-repressed proteins were lowered (Pta, TnaA, DksA, AroK, and MalE). These responses could be mediated by the reuptake of acetate driven by changes in pH. The amplified proton gradient could also be responsible for the acid induction of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) enzymes SucB and SucC. In addition to the autoinducer LuxS, low pH induced another potential autoinducer component, the LuxH homolog RibB. pH modulated the expression of several periplasmic and outer membrane proteins: acid induced YcdO and YdiY; base induced OmpA, MalE, and YceI; and either acid or base induced OmpX relative to pH 7. Two pH-dependent periplasmic proteins were redox modulators: Tpx (acid-induced) and DsbA (base-induced). The locus alx, induced in extreme base, was identified as ygjT, whose product is a putative membrane-bound redox modulator. The cytoplasmic superoxide stress protein SodB was induced by acid, possibly in response to increased iron solubility. High pH induced amino acid metabolic enzymes (TnaA and CysK) as well as lac fusions to the genes encoding AstD and GabT. These enzymes participate in arginine and glutamate catabolic pathways that channel carbon into acids instead of producing alkaline amines. Overall, these data are consistent with a model in which E. coli modulates multiple transporters and pathways of amino acid consumption so as to minimize the shift of its external pH toward either acidic or alkaline extreme.
A spectral sensitivity curve and wavelength discrimination for the turtle Chrysemys picta picta

Abstract A photopic spectral sensitivity curve was measured in the turtle Chrysemys picta picta by the psychopysical method of flicker photometry. The data show a maximum spectral sensitivity in the region 625–640 nm. Wavelength discrimination data obtained in the long wavelength portion of the spectrum indicates that the over-all spectral sensitivity curve represents the activity of more than a single spectral mechanism.
Using response time to investigate students' test-taking behaviors in a NAEP computer-based study

Large-scale survey assessments have been used for decades to monitor what students know and can do. Such assessments aim at providing group-level scores for various populations, with little or no consequence to individual students for their test performance. Students' test-taking behaviors in survey assessments, particularly the level of test-taking effort, and their effects on performance have been a long-standing question. This paper presents a procedure to examine test-taking behaviors using response time collected from a National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) computer-based study, referred to as MCBS. A five-step procedure was proposed to identify rapid-guessing behavior in a more systematic manner. It involves a non-model-based approach that classifies student-item pairs as reflecting either solution behavior or rapid-guessing behavior. Three validity checks were incorporated in the validation step to ensure reasonableness of the time boundaries before further investigation. Results of behavior classification were summarized by three measures to investigate whether and how students' test-taking behaviors related to student characteristics, item characteristics, or both. In the MCBS, the validity checks offered compelling evidence that the recommended threshold-identification method was effective in separating rapid-guessing behavior from solution behavior. A very low percent of rapid-guessing behavior was identified, as compared to existing results for different assessments. For this dataset, rapid-guessing behavior had minimum impact on parameter estimation in the IRT modeling. However, the students clearly exhibited different behaviors when they received items that did not match their performance level. We also found disagreement between students' response-time effort and self reports, but based on the observed data, it is unclear whether the disagreement was related to how the students interpreted the background questions. The paper provides a way to address the issue of identifying rapid-guessing behavior, and sheds light on the question about students' extent of engagement in NAEP and the impact, without relying on students' self evaluation or additional costs in test design. It reveals useful information about test-taking behaviors in a NAEP assessment setting that has not been available in the literature. The procedure is applicable to future standard NAEP assessments, as well as other tests, when timing data are available.
Risk-disturbance overrides density dependence in a hunted colonial rodent, the black-tailed prairie dog Cynomys ludovicianus

Summary 1. Traditional understanding of how hunting affects vertebrate populations emphasizes competitive release and density dependence of vital rates, but more recent thinking has proposed complex non-lethal responses to hunting disturbance and predation risk. Colonial species have been proposed to be more vulnerable than dispersed, solitary species to disturbance and perceived risk from hunting. However, empirical comparisons of density dependence vs. risk disturbance in hunted species are few. 2. To compare density dependence with risk-disturbance effects of hunting on individuals and populations of a colonial species, we tested the response of black-tailed prairie dogs Cynomys ludovicianus to shooting in a before‐after, treatment‐control experiment. We subjected five colonies to a pulse of shooting, and compared individual and colony attributes to those of five control colonies, protected from shooting. 3. Surviving prairie dogs increased alert behaviours eightfold and reduced both aboveground activity and time spent foraging by 66%. Changes in behaviour lowered the body condition of surviving adults by 35%. Survivors of shooting, especially juveniles, exhibited elevated stress levels; faecal corticosterone concentrations increased by 80% among juveniles. Unexpectedly, overwinter survival rates did not increase in response to reduced prairie dog density. Colonies subjected to shooting experienced reproductive near-collapse the summer after shooting; pregnancy rates declined by 50% and reproductive output fell by 82%. 4. Risk-disturbance overwhelmed any possible density-dependent effects of shooting in prairie dogs, which exhibited additive mortality in response to hunting, and reproductive failure 1 year after shooting. Risk-disturbance was the predominant mechanism whereby individuals and colonies were affected by hunting. 5. Synthesis and applications. Because of their coloniality, prairie dogs possess certain life-history traits that predisposed them to be particularly susceptible to huntingassociated disturbances, which had cascading effects on population-level processes. Our findings contradict the general belief that small-bodied mammals quickly rebound from hunting exploitation via compensatory mortality and reproduction. Managers should consider measures to reduce recreational shooting intensity and duration in regions where black-tailed prairie dog colony growth and persistence is desired, yet allow shooting in areas where colonies conflict with landowner interests.
Ancestral Inference in Population Genetics Models with Selection (with Discussion)

Summary A new algorithm is presented for exact simulation from the conditional distribution of the genealogical history of a sample, given the composition of the sample, for population genetics models with general diploid selection. The method applies to the usual diffusion approximation of evolution at a single locus, in a randomly mating population of constant size, for mutation models in which the distribution of the type of a mutant does not depend on the type of the progenitor allele; this includes any model with only two alleles. The new method is applied to ancestral inference for the two-allele case, both with genic selection and heterozygote advantage and disadvantage, where one of the alleles is assumed to have resulted from a unique mutation event. The paper describes how the method could be used for inference when data are also available at neutral markers linked to the locus under selection. It also informally describes and constructs the non-neutral Fleming–Viot measure-valued diffusion.
Arthroscopic biceps tenodesis

Arthroscopic biceps tenodesis is indicated for the treatment of severe biceps tendonopathy, partial- or full-thickness tendon tears, or biceps instability typically associated with rotator cuff tear, although there has been considerable debate on tenotomy versus tenodesis. We advocate tenodesis, for the following reasons: to re-establish the resting muscle length so as to avoid scaring and spasm, to allow biceps use for complex elbow motion, and to avoid cosmetic defects in cases in which deformity can sometimes equal disability. This technical note provides illustrations and detailed descriptions of our arthroscopic tenodesis technique using a Arthrex (Naples, FL) biotenodesis system.
Computing correlated equilibria of polynomial games via adaptive discretization

We construct a family of iterative discretization algorithms for computing sequences of finitely-supported ?-correlated equilibria of n-player games with polynomial utility functions. These algorithms can be implemented efficiently using semidefinite programming and sum of squares techniques. They converge in the sense that they drive ? to zero in the limit as points are added to the discretization. We show how a natural discretization scheme proposed previously can be viewed as a limiting case of this new family of algorithms. Finally we provide a counterexample showing that this limiting case is singular, i.e., ? need not converge to zero.
Design of an Extensible Network Testbed

Networking testbeds have become an increasingly important part of the networking research cycle. One of the primary reasons for this is that testbeds offer researchers access to network conditions and environments which are very difficult to reproduce in a local laboratory. This work presents the design of the Open Network Laboratory (ONL) testbed. The underlying infrastructure of ONL is general enough to support resource extensibility and heterogeneity at a fundamental level. New types of resources (e.g., multicore PCs, FPGAs, network processors, etc) can be added to the testbed without modifying any testbed infrastructure software. Resource types can also be extended to support multiple distinct sets of functionality (e.g., an FPGA might act as a router, a switch, or a traffic generator). Moreover, users can dynamically add new resource extensions without any modification to the existing infrastructure.
WATER‐QUALITY MONITORING AND SPECIOUS DATA: THE EXAMPLE OF GEORGES CREEK, MARYLAND*

Concurrent water data were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey, the U.S. Corps of Army Engineers, and the Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene at the same site in order to describe present conditions and predict future environmental change in the Georges Creek basin in western Maryland. Evaluation of the data sets reveals measurement errors and weaknesses in sample design so that published complications contain significant errors. Unless these errors can be identified, policy based on such information may have unfortunate results.
Guilt and martyrdom: the case of John Bradford.

Most analysts acknowledge that guilt is a pervasive element in modern society. Possessed of a strong sense of impending doom through nuclear warfare, crises of ecology or overpopulation, modern man is haunted by an overriding sense of fear and guilt, wondering what quality in himself caused such an imminence of death. But surely this sense of guilt is not a creation of the modern world. Indeed guilt in the form of sin is even more comprehensible in earlier periods of history, where the culture was religiously oriented and where the wrath of a personal God could be visited upon a population in the form of plague or famine because of the sins of the people. Theories of guilt as applied to history, however, are much too sparse. One reason for this deficiency is that in order to use the psycho-historical technique, historians would be removed from the factual world and would be forced to probe the labyrinthine internal world that is illogical, devious and intangible. A few brave souls have explored the uncharted realms of the unconscious in the study of religion, both past and present.' Yet, strangely enough, no one has ever focused upon guilt as an impetus in perhaps the most important aspect of religion at least of Christian religion the role of witness, better known as martyrdom. In the past several years, much ink has been spilt over the vices and virtues of the psycho-historical approach.2 The main
Synthesis, structural identification, and ligand binding of tropane ring analogs of paroxetine and an unexpected aza-bicyclo[3.2.2]nonane rearrangement product.

Abstract The structural requirements for high affinity at the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) have been investigated through the preparation of rigid paroxetine analogs. Tropane-derived analogs (4a–i) of paroxetine (2) were designed and synthesized as potential inhibitors of serotonin reuptake based on the structural and biological similarity between the two compound classes. Overall, the affinity of tropane-derived analogs at the 5-HTT was found to be at least an order of magnitude lower than that of paroxetine and ranged from 2–400 nM. The reduced affinity at the 5-HTT may be attributed to the inability of the rigid tropane-derived analogs to adopt conformations favored by the 5-HTT. Within the series of tropane analogs, the 2β,3β- and 2β,3α-isomers, 4a and 4d, were the most potent at the DAT and NET and are also significantly more potent than paroxetine (2) suggesting that their reduced conformational flexibility maximizes residence time in conformations favored by these transporters. Examination of the previously published preparation and structural assignment of 4a by additional NMR and X-ray crystallographic data has established that nucleophilic addition to the intermediate 2β-methanesulfonyloxymethyl-3β-(4-fluorophenyl)tropane unexpectedly provided the aza-bicyclo[3.2.2]nonane derivative 10a.
Protein Restriction and Stone Disease: Myth or Reality?

Restriction of dietary protein in an effort to reduce stone recurrence has been a longstanding recommendation for the medical management of stone formers. These recommendations are primarily based on short-term metabolic studies that show potentially lithogenic changes in urinary variables after a dietary protein load. However, a consensus on the protective effect of protein restriction has not been reached in either the epidemiologic literature or in randomized dietary studies evaluating stone recurrence outcomes. This chapter will review and analyze the interesting and sometimes conflicting literature on this topic.
Increased postural sway predicts negative symptom progression in youth at ultrahigh risk for psychosis.

Abstract Impaired ability to maintain an upright posture may reflect impairment in the cerebellum, a critical structure for the fluid coordination of neural information, thought to be disrupted in psychosis. The current study utilized an instrumental measure of posture in individuals at ultrahigh risk (UHR) for psychosis (n = 43) and healthy controls (n = 44). Positive and negative symptoms were assessed twice over 12 months. Results showed that increased postural sway in the UHR group predicted changes in negative symptoms. This study provides an important prospective view on the relationship between cerebellar-sensitive behavior and integral symptoms, which until now has received limited biomarker research.
Inverse association of H2O2-producing lactobacilli and vaginal Escherichia coli colonization in women with recurrent urinary tract infections.

Women with recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI) often demonstrate persistent vaginal colonization with Escherichia coli. Since strains of lactobacilli that produce hydrogen peroxide inhibit the growth of E. coli, the absence of these strains may predispose to E. coli colonization and to UTI. To test this hypothesis, vaginal introital cultures were obtained from 140 women, 65 with recurrent UTI (case-patients) and 75 without (controls). Vaginal E. coli colonization was significantly more frequent in case-patients than controls (35% vs. 11%; P <.001) and in women without H 2 O 2 -positive lactobacilli than in women with (odds ratio [OR], 4.0; P =.01). Spermicide use was associated with greater risk of vaginal E. coli colonization (OR, 12.5; P <.001) and with absence of H 2 O 2 -positive lactobacilli (OR, 2.9; P =.04). The inverse association between H 2 O 2 -positive lactobacilli and vaginal E. coli colonization remained in case-patients after controlling for spermicide use (OR, 6.5; P = .02). Thus, absence of H 2 O 2 -positive lactobacilli may be important in the pathogenesis of recurrent UTI by facilitating E. coli introital colonization.
The Prediction of Performance in an Educational Psychology Master's Degree Program:

This study examined the predictive validity of the Graduate Record Examinations Aptitude Test, Verbal and Quantitative scores (GREV and GREQ) and undergraduate grade-point average (UGPA). Criterion variables consisted of graduate grade-point average (GGPA), the Master's Comprehensive Examination scores (MCE), and grades in individual required courses. Subjects were 91 students enrolled in the Department of Educational Psychology Master's degree program at a large metropolitan university. G REV correlated .31 with GGPA, but failed to correlate significantly with any other criterion. GREQ correlated .45 and .59 with grades in two research methods courses, but failed to correlate with any other criterion. UGPA was not significantly related to any of the criteria. These somewhat atypical findings stress the need for local validation of graduate admissions measures.
A Transient Infrared Thermography Method for Simultaneous Film Cooling Effectiveness and Heat Transfer Coefficient Measurements From a Single Test

In film cooling situations, there is a need to determine both local adiabatic wall temperature and heat transfer coefficient to fully assess the local heat flux into the surface. Typical film cooling situations are termed three temperature problems where the complex interaction between the jets and mainstream dictates the surface temperature. The coolant temperature is much cooler than the mainstream resulting in a mixed temperature in the film region downstream of injection. An infrared thermography technique using a transient surface temperature acquisition is described which determines both the heat transfer coefficient and film effectiveness (non-dimensional adiabatic wall temperature) from a single test. Hot mainstream and cooler air injected through discrete holes are imposed suddenly on an ambient temperature surface and the wall temperature response is captured using infrared thermography. The wall temperature and the known mainstream and coolant temperatures are used to determine the two unknowns (heat transfer coefficient and film effectiveness) at every point on the test surface. The advantage of this technique over existing techniques is the ability to obtain the information using a single transient test. Transient liquid crystal techniques have been one of the standard techniques for determining h and η for turbine film cooling for several years. Liquid crystal techniques do not account for non uniform initial model temperatures while the transient IR technique measures the entire initial model distribution. The transient liquid crystal technique is very sensitive to the angle of illumination and view while the IR technique is not. The IR technique is more robust in being able to take measurements over a wider temperature range which improves the accuracy of h and η. The IR requires less intensive calibration than liquid crystal techniques. Results are presented for film cooling downstream of a single hole on a turbine blade leading edge model.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Multidisciplinary cancer care with a patient and physician satisfaction focus.

If implemented appropriately, multidisciplinary clinics can enhance quality of care and increase downstream revenue. The multidisciplinary clinic at Intermountain Healthcare has greatly improved the cancer care process for patients, physicians, and the community.
Absorption from different intestinal segments during exercise

Lambert, G. P., R. T. Chang, T. Xia, R. W. Summers, and C. V. Gisolfi. Absorption from different intestinal segments during exercise. J. Appl. Physiol. 83(1): 204–212, 1997.—This study evaluated in...
ACMANTHINA: A NEW GENUS OF TORTRICID MOTHS (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE: EULIINI) FROM CHILE AND ARGENTINA

Abstract Acamanthina, new genus, is described and illustrated from Chile and Argentina, and includes two species: A. acmanthes (Meyrick, 1931) (type species), new combination, and A. albipuncta, new species. Acmanthina can be distinguished from all other genera in Euliini by two external and one genitalia feature of the males: the absence of elongate scaling in the basal portion of the hindwing along veins 1A + 2A and CuP (present in the female), the possession of a fascicle of 17–20 extremely long sex scales (=hairpencil) concealed in a deep fold along the basal three-fifths of hindwing vein CuP, and the deep mesal excavation of the juxta. The new genus appears to be most closely related to Haemateulia Razowski.
Low-Latency Communications over Zero-Battery Energy Harvesting Channels

We study the fundamental performance limits of energy harvesting channels with short-length channel codes that expend less processing energy and facilitate low-latency communications. In particular, we examine the zero-battery case, i.e, energy harvesting transmitters with no energy storage such as passive RFID tags, in which energy must be spent as it arrives or is lost. To analyze practical finite- length channel codes, we develop a second-order approximation to the communication rate for such channels with energy information causally known at the transmitter. We present two binary examples for which we explicitly calculate the channel capacity and channel dispersion and interestingly observe that a slight increase in the energy arrival probability can significantly boost the achievable rate, and further that the rate loss due to energy intermittency is more pronounced for channels with lower noise levels.
Atomic Mechanisms of Stabilizing and Destabilizing Co-Solvents on Protein Stability

Urea and trimethylamine n-oxide (TMAO) are small molecules known to destabilize and stabilize, respectively, the structure of proteins when added to aqueous solution. To unravel the molecular mechanisms of these cosolvents on protein structure we perform explicit all-atom molecular dynamics simulations of extended poly-alanine and poly-leucine dimers. We use an umbrella sampling protocol to compute the potential of mean force (PMF) of dimers at different concentrations of urea and TMAO. We find that the large non-polar side chain of leucine is affected by both urea and TMAO whereas backbone atoms and alanine's side chain are not. Urea is found to occupy positions between leucine's side chains that are not accessible to water. This accounts for extra Lennard-Jones bonds between urea and side chains that provide the enthalpic driving force for unfolding.
Success on Their Own Terms: Youths' Perspectives on Successful Foster Care

Foster care is an integral component of the child welfare system. However, little is known about factors germane to conceptualizing successful foster care. This study utilized Concept Mapping (CM) to delineate a conceptual domain for what success in foster care means from the perspective of those most impacted: foster youth. CM couples multi-dimensional scaling with hierarchical cluster analyses to form factors relevant to an area of study. Pictorial representations of the data were generated using the Concept Systems software. Results indicate that youth conceptualize success based on several distinct domains. The final analyses yielded a multi-cluster solution, or Concept Map.
R&D for Safety Codes and Standards: Materials and Components Compatibility

This project addresses the following technical barriers from the Safety, Codes and Standards section of the 2012 Fuel Cell Technologies Office Multi-Year Research, Development and Demonstration Plan (section 3.8): (A) Safety data and information: limited access and availability (F) Enabling national and international markets requires consistent RCS (G) Insufficient technical data to revise standards.
Physiology and pillow talk Relations between testosterone and communication post sex

This study investigates the association between individual differences in testosterone and communication after sexual activity. Two hundred and fifty-three young adult participants (78% women, M age = 21 years, 73% White) provided saliva samples (later assayed for testosterone) and subsequently, over a 2-week period, completed an online diary after each time they engaged in sexual activity. Individual differences in testosterone levels were inversely associated with perceived benefits of, and positively associated with perceived risks of, disclosing thoughts and feelings to one’s partner after sexual activity. When testosterone levels were higher, post sex disclosures were less intentional and less positive, and these associations were mediated by risk–benefit assessments. An interaction between testosterone and orgasm revealed that higher testosterone levels were associated with more negative post sex disclosures for those who did not orgasm, but not for those who experienced orgasm. This finding suggest...
Correlates of Suicide Among Army National Guard Soldiers

Associations among sociodemographic characteristics, mood, trauma-related experiences, and suicidal behaviors were examined with archival data from Army National Guard (ARNG) soldiers that included suicide cases combined with annual random samples of nonsuicide cases for calendar years 2007–2011 (N = 5,390); postdeployed ARNG soldiers (N = 4,567); and home-stationed ARNG soldiers (N = 15,597). Suicidal behavior was associated with demographic characteristics (e.g., young age, male, and White) and loss of a significant other; childhood abuse experiences moderated the relationship between current stressors and suicidal behavior; suicidal behavior appeared to be consistent across the deployment cycle.
Experimental Analysis of Deformation for Flexible-Wing Micro Air Vehicles

The design of Micro Air Vehicles (MAV) must consider the critical issues of aerodynamics and structures. These issues determine the MAV characteristics such as lift and drag along with the ability to withstand air loads. A class of vehicles designed by the University of Florida adopts a flexible-wing approach. A notable feature of this approach is adaptive washout which provides gust rejection and stall delay. This paper investigates the relationship between wing flexibility and performance for a member of this class of vehicle. Results in terms of aerodynamic coefficients and structural displacements from wind tunnel tests are presented to demonstrate the deformation of the wing under loading in association with the lift and drag characteristics.