cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Spatial Analysis of 1991 Gulf War Troop Locations in Relationship with Postwar Health Symptom Reports Using GIS Techniques

Spatial autocorrelation analysis was used to identify spatial patterns of 1991 Gulf War (GW) troop locations in relationship to subsequent postwar diagnosis of chronic multisymptom illness (CMI). Criteria for the diagnosis of CMI include reporting from at least two of three symptom clusters: fatigue, musculoskeletal pain, and mood and cognition. A GIS-based methodology was used to examine associations between potential hazardous exposures or deployment situations and postwar health outcomes using troop location data as a surrogate. GW veterans from the Devens Cohort Study were queried about specific symptoms approximately four years after the 1991 deployment to the Persian Gulf. Global and local statistics were calculated using the Moran's I and G statistics for six selected date periods chosen a priori to mark important GW-service events or exposure scenarios among 173 members of the cohort. Global Moran's I statistics did not detect global spatial patterns at any of the six specified data periods, thus, indicating there is no significant spatial autocorrelation of locations over the entire Gulf region for veterans meeting criteria for severe postwar CMI. However, when applying local G* and local Moran's I statistics, significant spatial clusters (primarily in the coastal Dammam/Dharhan and the central inland areas of Saudi Arabia) were identified for several of the selected time periods. Further study using GIS techniques, coupled with epidemiological methods, to examine spatial and temporal patterns with larger sample sizes of GW veterans is warranted to ascertain if the observed spatial patterns can be confirmed.
Gestational diabetes mellitus management with oral hypoglycemic agents

Oral hypoglycemic agents such as glyburide (second-generation sulfonylurea) and metformin (biguanide) are attractive alternatives to insulin due to lower cost, ease of administration, and better patient adherence. The majority of evidence from retrospective and prospective studies suggests comparable efficacy and safety of oral hypoglycemic agents such as glyburide and metformin as compared to insulin when used in the treatment of women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Glyburide and metformin have altered pharmacokinetics during pregnancy and both agents cross the placenta. In this article, we review the efficacy, safety, and dosage of oral hypoglycemic agents for the treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus. Additional research is needed to evaluate optimal dosage for glyburide and metformin during pregnancy. Comparative studies evaluating the effects of glyburide and metformin on long-term maternal and fetal outcomes are also needed.
On photolytic synthesis of sulphur-bearing organic molecules by reacting S or S2 with the hydrogen end-capped polyyne C10H2

The photolysis of dilute solutions of octacyclosulphur or hexacyclosulphur in n-hexane with 253.6 nm UV radiation produces S and possibly S 2 . The ‘ring-opening’ yields of these sulphur molecules range from 0.2 to 0.7. When the hydrogen end-capped polyyne C 10 H 2 is irradiated in n-hexane, it transforms into unidentified products with a quantum yield of 3×10 −5 . When octacyclosulphur is added to the solution, the yield rises to 7×10 −3 . The putative sulphur-bearing product(s) could not be identified. It is suggested that sulphur-bearing molecules might be formed in astronomical settings by reactions of carbon molecules having triple or double C—C bonds with photolytically produced S and/or S 2 .
Analyzing profiles, predictors, and consequences of student engagement dispositions

Drawing from a nationally representative sample of 12,760 students attending public high schools in the United States, this study used latent class analysis (LCA) to analyze profiles, predictors, and consequences of student engagement dispositions. A student engagement disposition is an umbrella concept. It encompasses students' identification with school together with their academic competencies and overall educational aspirations. Six subpopulation profiles of engagement dispositions were culled from the data using LCA. These profiles included students who possessed "model student" attributes as well as others whose school experiences reflected ambivalence and disidentification. Where practice and policy are concerned, findings regarding the characteristics and consequences of each profile can be used by researchers, practitioners, and policy makers to facilitate tailored intervention planning as well as more nuanced policy development. Language: en
Initial clinical experience with colonic stent placement.

Abstract Background: The purpose of this study is to review initial experience with a colonic stent as an alternative to colostomy in patients with colonic obstruction. Methods: Ten patients diagnosed with acute colonic obstructions from both benign and malignant causes underwent stent placement. Self-expandable metallic stents were deployed using fluoroscopic guidance. Patients were followed up clinically until removal of the stent or death. Results: Nine of the 10 patients who underwent colonic stent placement achieved clinical decompression within 6 hours. Six patients underwent standard mechanical bowel preparation and elective resection of obstructing lesions. The other 4 patients received stent placement for palliative purposes. Complications included 4 cases of migration and 1 death. Migrated stents in the rectum were easily retrieved and replaced using fluoroscopic techniques. There were no perforations. Conclusion: Placement of self-expandable metallic stents for acute colonic obstructions may allow patients to undergo elective surgical resection avoiding possible colostomy.
Hyperthermia in Rabbits from Injection of Malaria Infected Erythrocytes in the Pre-optic Area

MALARIA, when introduced naturally by the bite of an anopheline mosquito, goes through an exoerythrocytic stage in the parenchymal cells of the liver. Here the malarial parasite matures to a mature merozoite that infects erythrocytes. When the parasite has multiplied, the red blood cell bursts and many new infective merozoites are released. These infect new erythrocytes. During lysis of erythrocytes the host develops a fever1. It is not known whether the malarial parasite produces a pyrogen, like bacteria, or whether the malarial fever results from destruction of red blood cells.
l -Type Doubling in Polyatomic Molecules and Its Application to the Microwave Spectrum of Methyl Cyanide and Methyl Iso-Cyanide

The theory of the $l$-type doubling for polyatomic molecules is developed and applied to explain certain anomalies observed in the microwave spectrum of C${\mathrm{H}}_{3}$CN and C${\mathrm{H}}_{3}$NC. The theory predicts for the transition $J=1\ensuremath{\rightarrow}J=2$, $\ensuremath{\Delta}K=0$, where the molecule is in an excited $e$ vibration state, a pattern consisting of two lines separated by about 100 mc/sec. with two lines near the center of this doublet which are about 2 or 3 mc/sec. apart. The predicted patterns can be made to agree quantitatively with the observed patterns by correcting the degenerate Coriolis term for centrifugal distortion.
The Structure of Female Subgroups: An Exploration of Ambivalent Stereotypes

The present research concerns the stereotypes associated with subgroups of women. Previous researchers have considered the ambivalent nature of stereotypes, particularly along the dimensions of warmth and competence (Glick, Diebold, Bailey-Werner, & Zhu, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 23:1323–1334, 1997). In Study 1, we looked at the degree to which the superordinate social category of “women” is differentiated into distinct subgroups and whether warmth and competence are the primary dimensions of this differentiation. In Study 2, we assessed the degree to which businesswomen and homemakers are automatically associated with warmth and competence. Results showed that men and women differ in the valence associated with specific subgroups, and it is this valence, rather than stereotype content, that is automatically associated with these female subgroups.
Impact of insulin lispro on HbA1c values in insulin pump users.

SUMMARY Aim To compare the therapeutic efficacy of the short-acting insulin analogue insulin lispro (Humalog®) with that of buffered regular human insulin (Velosulin®) in patients on insulin pump therapy. Patients and Methods Sixty-two (45 women and 17 men) young patients with type 1 diabetes using insulin pump therapy were compared while using buffered regular human insulin for a mean ± s.e.m. of 20.1 ± 1.2 months or insulin lispro for a mean ± s.e.m. of 19.7 ± 0.5 months. The initial mean ± s.e.m. age and duration of diabetes were 29.1 ± 0.9 and 17.7 ± 0.9 years, respectively. The mean HbA1c values, basal insulin dosages, premeal insulin dosages and number of low blood sugars were recorded during treatment with both insulins. Results Mean ± s.e.m. HbA1c values were significantly lower (p < 0.001; paired Wilcoxon t-test) during insulin lispro treatment (7.4 ± 0.1%) as compared to treatment with buffered regular human insulin (7.9 ± 0.1%). Total units of insulin (mean ± s.e.m.)/kg/day was significantly (p = 0.03) lower (0.61 ± 0.02) during the insulin lispro treatment period as compared to the buffered regular human insulin treated period (0.65 ± 0.03). Total mean ± s.e.m. (U/kg/day) of basal insulin administered per day was higher when patients received insulin lispro treatment (0.44 ± 0.02 vs. 0.42 ± 0.01 for buffered regular human insulin treated period; p = 0.002). The pre-meal insulin boluses (mean ± s.e.m.) for the two treatment groups were significantly different with less insulin required for the insulin lispro treatment period for all three meals (p < 0.001, t-test). The number of mild/moderate and severe hypoglycaemic episodes were similar in the two groups. Conclusion We conclude that use of insulin lispro in pump therapy significantly lowers HbA1c values in comparison to therapy with buffered regular human insulin insulin without increasing hypoglycaemic episodes.
Research ethics consultation at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences.

In their target article “Strangers at the Benchside: Research Ethics Consultation,” Mildred Cho and colleagues (2008) provide a useful overview of different approaches to research ethics consultati...
Experimental study of the kinetic inductance fraction of superconducting coplanar waveguide

We have studied the kinetic inductance fraction (ratio of kinetic inductance to total inductance) of superconducting coplanar waveguides (CPWs) by measuring the resonance frequency of CPW transmission line resonators. We describe a procedure for accurately determining the kinetic inductance of transmission line geometries with small kinetic inductance fractions. In this approach, we compare the temperature dependence of the resonance frequency with that of a resonator of the same film thickness but with a large kinetic inductance fraction. We present data for 200 nm-thick Al CPWs of several geometries and compare that with our own calculations and with calculations found in literature.
Electric Field Poling in Polymeric Nonlinear Optical Materials. Relaxation Dynamics, Model, and Experiment

Simulations of the electric field poling process for second-order NLO-active polymeric materials containing dipolar chromophores were performed by modeling the time-dependent dynamics of a dipole interacting with an externally applied field and subsequent force-free relaxation, employing several modifications of the Smoluchowski equation. The model examines chromophore dipole alignment/relaxation processes in both two- and three-dimensional space. The 3-D model predicts that at field-on equilibrium, the ratio, R, of the second-harmonic coefficients, d 33 /d 31 , approaches 3.0, in accord with static statistical-mechanical models. In contrast, the 2-D model predicts R∼6.0. The dimensionality in which the rotational diffusion process is confined also determines the rate of dipolar alignment/relaxation, with a slower rate predicted in the 2-D case. Suitability of the rotational diffusion model for the alignment and relaxation dynamics of appended NLO chromophores in poled polymer films is also examined. At temperatures at or above the glass transition temperature, T g , experimentally measured d 33 relaxation kinetics of a prototypical chromophore-functionalized polymer, N-(4-nitrophenyl)-(S)-prolinoxy poly(p-hydroxystyrene), (S)-NPP-PHS, are well described by the bi-exponential expression predicted by the 3-D model. Below T g , however, the dynamics are not well modeled as simple 3-D rotational diffusion, the apparent result of complex dynamical matrix interactions. Under all conditions examined, the experimental d 31 relaxation dynamics can be described approximately using the 2-D model. The temperature dependence of the relaxation rate above T g is well described by the Williams-Landel-Ferry (WLF) equation, while below T g , the reorientation process is Arrhenius-like. The d 33 growth kinetics are found to be accurately approximated using expressions derived from the 3-D rotational diffusion model. Below T g the experimental activation energy determined from field-on polarization is identical within experimental error to that determined for field-off depolarization.
Cytologic findings of atypical adenosis of the breast. A case report.

Background Atypical apocrine adenosis, a well-described histopathologic entity, can sometimes be misdiagnosed as carcinoma. Apocrine cells can also appear atypical in cytopathology and be mistaken for carcinoma. Occasional case reports describe false positive cases due to the presence of apocrine cells in a few cases of radial scars and atypical apocrine metaplasia and in a degenerated cyst. Case A 37-year-old female underwent ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration of an ill-defined breast nodule. The aspirate showed clusters and single cells containing abundant granular to focally vacuolated cytoplasm; enlarged, pleomorphic nuclei with irregular nuclear membranes; granular chromatin; and prominent nucleoli. These cells were distinct from and larger than the surrounding ductal and myoepithelial cells. Excision showed a nodular area of atypical apocrine adenosis adjacent to previous biopsy changes, correlating with the cytologic findings. Conclusion Atypical apocrine adenosis can mimic carcinoma in histopathology and cytopathology. One should be cautious when reviewing apocrine cells in cytology, given their atypical features, especially their single, dispersed nature. However, the presence of accompanying benign cellular elements supports a benign diagnosis. Surgical biopsy should be recommended based on the cytologic findings.
High-content single-cell drug screening with phosphospecific flow cytometry

Drug screening is often limited to cell-free assays involving purified enzymes, but it is arguably best applied against systems that represent disease states or complex physiological cellular networks. Here, we describe a high-content, cell-based drug discovery platform based on phosphospecific flow cytometry, or phosphoflow, that enabled screening for inhibitors against multiple endogenous kinase signaling pathways in heterogeneous primary cell populations at the single-cell level. From a library of small-molecule natural products, we identified pathway-selective inhibitors of Jak-Stat and MAP kinase signaling. Dose-response experiments in primary cells confirmed pathway selectivity, but importantly also revealed differential inhibition of cell types and new druggability trends across multiple compounds. Lead compound selectivity was confirmed in vivo in mice. Phosphoflow therefore provides a unique platform that can be applied throughout the drug discovery process, from early compound screening to in vivo testing and clinical monitoring of drug efficacy.
Unusual behavior in the upper critical magnetic fields of the ambient-pressure organic superconductor kappa -(BEDT-TTF)2Cu

We report a determination of the temperature dependence of the upper critical magnetic fields ${\mathit{H}}_{\mathit{c}2}$ for \ensuremath{\kappa}-(BEDT-TTF${)}_{2}$Cu[N(CN${)}_{2}$]Br, with the use of dc-magnetization measurements that show a well-defined diamagnetic onset. We find large slopes of -20 T/K and -2.2 T/K for H\ensuremath{\parallel}ac and H\ensuremath{\parallel}b, respectively, which lead to coherence lengths of 37 and 4 \AA{}. There is unusual structure in the critical fields and a possible dimensional crossover at T/${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$\ensuremath{\sim}0.97 for H\ensuremath{\parallel}ac. Neither the slopes nor the structure are observable in the superconducting transition measured by ac magnetoresistance, which exhibits strong magnetic-field broadening similar to that of the high-${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$ copper oxide superconductor ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}$. We find a strong depression of ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$, as large as 1.2 K, when the sample is rapidly cooled.
Importance of chemistry at the resist-wafer interface for mechanical and lithographic adhesion

Simple geometric considerations suggest that the interface between a photoresist and a wafer surface will be increasingly important in semiconductor lithography as critical dimensions in X-ray and other lithographies drop below 0.25 micrometers . A sensitive, qualitative adhesion test, indentation debonding, was used to compare directly the adhesion of a photoresist to a silicon native oxide throughout various wafer preparation procedures prior to exposure. It is argued and shown that hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS), a commonly used primer, is unlikely to be the optimal choice at feature dimensions below 0.25 micrometers . Application of HMDS left solely methyl groups at the surface of the wafer allowing only for Van der Waals forces for interactions with the polymer. This actually weakened the potential for chemical bonding between the resist and the wafer, in agreement with others. It is also shown that the bonding sites available at the surface of the native oxide varied with cleaning preparation of the wafer and with time of storage between the final cleaning step and lithography. HMDS was not adept at covering the variable native oxide, and this may have allowed for contaminant species such as water or aqueous bases to more easily compete with the polymer for surface sites. A monomolecular layer of organotrimethoxysilane was found to be superior at normalizing the variability of the substrate and also offered the ability to design the functional moieties of the monolayer preferentially to interact with the resist backbone. If designed properly, the increased interaction of the monolayer primer with the polymer can be enhanced while concurrently decreasing the potential for interference from competing monomeric contaminants such as water or aqueous developers. This improves both mechanical and lithographic adhesion.
Effect of erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl) adenine on purine and pyrimidine metabolism in the human peripheral lymphocyte during the early phases of phytohemagglutinin-mediated blastogenesis.

Abstract The effect of erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl) adenine (EHNA) on purine, pyrimidine and ribonucleic acid metabolism in the human peripheral lymphocyte during the early phases of blastogenesis has been studied. Experiments that determine the incorporation of radioactive free base or nucleoside into their respective nucleotides indicated EHNA-inhibited phosphoribosylpyrophosphate-dependent reactions, nucleoside kinase reactions and RNA synthesis. Studies utilizing the separating and quantitating ability of high pressure liquid chromatography demonstrated that 5–10 μM EHNA increased the nucleotide pool size of ADP without significantly changing the pool sizes of ATP, GTP or UTP. It also greatly increased the incorporation of deoxy-adenosine into dADP and dATP. Higher concentrations of EHNA (15–100 μM) reduced all the measured nucleotide pool sizes when compared to the values observed at the lower EHNA concentration. In addition, 5–10 μM EHNA significantly reduced the energy level of the cell, which was not further altered by higher concentrations of EHNA. Our studies also determined that EHNA inhibited human lymphocyte guanase and indirectly increased glycolysis and respiration.
Vestibular nerve section

Vestibular nerve section has been a reliable method to control dizziness caused by Meniere's disease. The surgery can be performed with 3 different approaches. Although the middle fossa and retrolabyrinthine approaches are well described, most vestibular nerve sections are now performed with the retrosigmoid approach. The techniques used for the surgery have changed little in the last 15 years. The control of vertigo is reported by several investigators to be in the range of 90% and appears to be stable over years of follow-up. Hearing loss still occurs in approximately one third of patients. The rate of complications remains low.
Effects of Deleting the C. albicans Gene INT1 on Mortality and Yeast Tissue Survival in a Mouse Model of Fungemia † 811

Effects of Deleting the C. albicans Gene INT1 on Mortality and Yeast Tissue Survival in a Mouse Model of Fungemia † 811
Cultural competence in the master's curriculum--a course exemplar.

This article focuses on the teaching–learning strategies for integration of cultural competence in the first clinical core course in Primary Care of the Middle Aged and Older Adult, a required course for graduate students enrolled in the Adult Health Nurse Practitioner Program, Gerontology Nurse Practitioner Program, and the Family Health Nurse Practitioner Program at the University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing. Multiple teaching–learning strategies for the first clinical course consisted of preliminary online self-assessment, clinical case scenarios, critique of multicultural clinical vignettes, and cultural assessment of the clinical agency. In the outcomes of these teaching–learning strategies, it was shown, through the use of reflective diaries of nurse practitioner students and course evaluations, that the multiple strategic approaches were effective for cultural competence integration within each of the nurse practitioner programs.
Design and performance evaluation of a miniaturized particle desorption mass spectrometer

A miniaturized particle desorption mass spectrometer PDMS has been designed, assembled and tested. A theoretical model has been used to analyze the transmission efficiency and to predict the mass resolution performance. The setup consisted of (a) a 50 μCi 252Cf source placed behind a thin target (transmission mode), (b) a 15 cm flight tube of 2 cm diameter and (c) microchannel plate start and stop detectors. The detector signals were processed via constant fraction discriminators through a time-to-amplitude converter and stored in a multichannel analyzer. Mass resolution was dependent upon both mass and sample bias. For a mass of 133 amu and sample bias of 1 kV, the mass resolution (mΔm) was 130. Desorbed ions were focused by means of an electrostatic particle guide. The effect of the initial ion energy and angular distributions on the optical transmission efficiency of this guide has been analyzed. The overall instrument transmission efficiency was approximately 40%. The detection limit for Li has been estimated at 0.5 μmol. The applicability of PDMS to environmental samples was demonstrated with the analysis of pesticides.
Conditions of problem-solving and the performance of charismatic, ideological, and pragmatic leaders: A comparative experimental study.

Abstract Theories contrasting charismatic, ideological, and pragmatic leaders hold that these three leader types display differences in how they construe and attempt to solve the problems encountered in leading others. To test this hypothesis, a measure examining differences among people in their preferred leadership style, charismatic, ideological, and pragmatic, was developed. Subsequently, people were asked to solve leadership problems in two domains. Solution quality and originality were evaluated. It was found that different types of leaders solved different types of problems successfully. However, these relationships varied as a function of domain and designation of the individual as a leader. The implications of these findings for understanding leadership types, and leader performance, are discussed.
Keck II status report

The second of two 10-meter telescopes comprising the W. M. Keck Observatory is nearing completion. Functionally, the Keck II telescope is a twin of Keck I, but in detail, many improvements have been made. Observatory and scientific instrument budgets are presented for the two telescopes. A new software system was developed for Keck II using EPICS-based architecture. Computer architecture for Keck II was also completely changed from the Keck I design using VMS and VAX computers to UNIX and SUN computers. The new telescope is completely assembled on the site on Mauna Kea, Hawaii. Design, construction, and testing of the Keck II telescope has taken significantly less time due to the experience and tools developed for the first telescope. An adaptive optics system is currently being developed for Keck II. Preliminary design of this system is complete and the system is expected to be commissioned in 1998. Configuration of the twin 10-meter telescopes was designed to allow combining of the optical beams from the two telescopes and to add smaller satellite telescopes for interferometry. Plans for this phase are being developed in detail.
Functional response in ventral temporal cortex differentiates mild cognitive impairment from normal aging

The present study sought to identify altered brain activation patterns in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) that could precede frank task impairment and neocortical atrophy. A high accuracy lexical decision (LD) task was therefore employed. Both MCI and normal senior (NS) groups completed the LD task while functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was performed. Accuracy on the LD task was high (≥ 89% correct for both groups), and both groups activated a network of occipitotemporal regions and inferior frontal cortex. However, compared to the NS group, the MCI group showed reduced fMRI activation in these regions and increased activation in bilateral portions of anterior cingluate cortex. Results from a voxel-based morphometry analysis indicate that altered activations in the MCI group were not within regions of atrophy. Receiver operating characteristic curves demonstrate that reduced fMRI response in the left and right mid-fusiform gyri accurately discriminate MCI from NS. When activation magnitude in both fusiform gyri were included in a single logistic regression model, group classification accuracy was very high (area under the curve = 0.93). These results show that a disrupted functional response in the ventral temporal lobe accurately distinguishes individuals with MCI from normal seniors, a finding which may have implications for identifying seniors at risk for cognitive decline.
First principle study of cobalt impurity in bcc Fe with Cu precipitates

The addition of cobalt was experimentally observed to increase the strength and impact toughness of Cu precipitation hardened steel. In order to understand the mechanism of this strengthening, we studied the effect of cobalt in the bulks and surfaces of bcc Fe and bcc Cu, as well as at the Fe/Cu interface by ab initio density-functional approach. We investigated the cobalt distribution between the Fe matrix and Cu precipitate, and found that cobalt is rejected from the core of the Cu particle. The calculated elastic constants and stacking fault energies show that cobalt does not produce any solid solution softening or hardening in bcc Fe. However, cobalt segregated in the interfacial region increases the cleavage fracture energies and cleavage stress of the Fe/Co/Cu interface. The compressive stress, which arises near the interface due to strong Fe–Co bonds, may serve as a barrier for dislocation motion through the interface resulting in additional hardening.
Collective evolution and the genetic code

A dynamical theory for the evolution of the genetic code is presented, which accounts for its universality and optimality. The central concept is that a variety of collective, but non-Darwinian, mechanisms likely to be present in early communal life generically lead to refinement and selection of innovation-sharing protocols, such as the genetic code. Our proposal is illustrated by using a simplified computer model and placed within the context of a sequence of transitions that early life may have made, before the emergence of vertical descent.
Oculoauriculofrontonasal syndrome (OAFNS) in a nine‐month‐old male

We report a nine-month-old Caucasian male with features seen in oculoauriculovertebral spectrum (OAVS) and frontonasal dysplasia sequence (FND) born to normal, non-consanguineous parents and review the literature. His malformations included a left pre-auricular skin tag, severely hypoplastic right pinna without an external canal, severely everted and hypoplastic left upper eyelid, bilateral cleft lip and palate, bifid broad nasal tip, ocular hypertelorism, micrognathia, hypoplastic mandible, an extra cervical rib on the left, hemivertebrae at T3-4, agenesis of the posterior corpus callosum with a midline lipoma, and an extra renal pelvis. This constellation of anomalies is consistent with the diagnosis of oculoauriculofrontonasal syndrome (OAFNS) which appears to be a distinct condition from either OAVS or FND but with overlapping features.
Materials for high-temperature fuel cells

The design and operation of advanced high-temperature fuel cells are described. The functional requirements of the various cell components are reviewed, and the basis of selection of cell materials and fabrication processes is presented. The possible directions that fuel cell materials research and development will take during the next 20 years are discussed.
Reacting to the Powers that Be: Investigations of a Calabrian, Post-Medieval Community

The town of Bova (Calabria, Italy) is a post-medieval montane community that remained inaccessible well into the twentieth century. Archival research, field survey, and spatial analyses provide a foundation for investigating the effects of social and political restructuring on the economic and social development of the community. Attitudes of laxness, disinterest, or ignorance have been attributed to inhabitants of this region. They can be interpreted as projected upon the citizens of Bova and others in southern Calabria by those in more urban centers to the north. Potentially, they reflect preferred survival strategies in the face of shifting imperial control.
Dephosphorylated SRp38 acts as a splicing repressor in response to heat shock

The cellular response to stresses such as heat shock involves changes in gene expression. It is well known that the splicing of messenger RNA precursors is generally repressed on heat shock, but the factors responsible have not been identified. SRp38 is an SR protein splicing factor that functions as a general repressor of splicing. It is activated by dephosphorylation and required for splicing repression in M-phase cells. Here we show that SRp38 is also dephosphorylated on heat shock and that this dephosphorylation correlates with splicing inhibition. Notably, depletion of SRp38 from heat-shocked cell extracts derepresses splicing, and adding back dephosphorylated SRp38 specifically restores inhibition. We further show that dephosphorylated SRp38 interacts with a U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle (snRNP) protein, and that this interaction interferes with 5'-splice-site recognition by the U1 snRNP. Finally, SRp38-deficient DT40 cells show an altered cell-cycle profile consistent with a mitotic defect; they are also temperature sensitive and defective in recovery after heat shock. SRp38 thus plays a crucial role in cell survival under stress conditions by inhibiting the splicing machinery.
The requirement for RNA synthesis in the differentiation of cultured chick embryo chondrocytes

Secondary chick embryo sternal chondrocyte colonies, derived from differentiated clones, were treated with 0.005 μg/ml of actinomycin D for 18 hours. While RNA synthesis was inhibited by 70%, both growth and matrix accumulation were inhibited. The incorporation of 3H-uridine into acid precipitable-base hydrolyzable material, 35SO4 into hyaluronidase-sensitive material, and of 3H-proline into collagenase sensitive and insensitive material was measured in high density cultures treated with various doses of actinomycin D for 18 hours. The inhibition of sulfate incorporation was highly correlated with RNA synthesis and was observable within the first six hours after drug addition. Ethidium bromide and lucanthasone had no effect on sulfate incorporation. On the other hand, collagen synthesis was more resistant to actinomycin D treatment and was not inhibited until non-collagenous protein synthesis was also inhibited. The results are discussed in terms of the independent regulation of the synthesis of two specialized cell products made by the same cell.
Rheological behaviour of fresh cement paste as measured by squeeze flow

A method is proposed for measuring the rheology of cement paste under conditions that suppress shear flow, i.e. squeezing. This method is based on squeezing samples in a servohydraulic compression-tension testing machine, and is different from the commonly used shear flow experiments. Possible artefacts such as the buoyancy of the piston that penetrates the paste, sedimentation of cement paste, geometry of the container, and friction at the interface between the top plate (or piston) and sample are investigated. Plots of stress versus apparent strain were obtained and compared with results from standard shear flow experiments. Because cement paste has both viscoelastic and viscoplastic characteristics, results are analysed in terms of both solid-like deformation and liquid-like flow behaviour. A first-approximation theoretical analysis is developed, based on the assumption that cement paste behaves as a non-Newtonian liquid, and results are compared with the experimental results.
Magnetically driven relativistic jets and winds: Exact solutions

We present self-consistent solutions of the full set of ideal MHD equations which describe steady-state relativistic cold outflows from thin accretion disks. The magnetic field forms a spiral which is anchored in the disk, rotates with it, and accelerates the flow out of the disk plane. The collimation at large distances depends on the total amount of electric current that flows along the jet. We considered various distributions of electric current and derived the result that in straight jets which extend to infinite distances, a strong electric current flows along their axis of symmetry. The asymptotic flow velocities are of the order of the initial rotational velocity at the base of the flow (a few tenths of the speed of light). The solutions are applied to both galactic (small-scale) and extragalactic (large-scale) jets.
Homonymy and the Voiced-Voiceless Distinction in the Speech of Children with Specific Language Impairment

Two studies are reported in which homonymy in the speech of children with specific language impairment (SLI) was examined. In the first study, the degree of homonymy reflected in the speech of 14 SLI children was found to resemble that seen in the speech of a group of language-matched children with normal language (NL). Within each group there was considerable variation in the degree of homonymy observed. An examination of the sound changes that contributed to the children's use of homonymy suggested that homonyms arising from prevocalic voicing were more frequent in the speech of the NL children. The second study represented a more systematic examination of prevocalic voicing differences between NL and SLI children. Minimal pairs differing only in the voicing feature of the initial consonant were produced by four SLI and four language-matched NL children. The SLI children showed greater ability to distinguish the minimal pairs by means of a voiced-voiceless initial consonant contrast, as measured by voic...
Monitoring the hydration of cement using highly nonlinear solitary waves

In this paper we present a nondestructive evaluation technique based on the propagation of highly nonlinear solitary waves (HNSWs) to monitor the hydration of cement. HNSWs are mechanical waves that can form and travel in highly nonlinear systems, such as one-dimensional chains of contacting spherical particles (i.e., granular crystals). In the present study, we use a granular crystal-based actuator/sensor to observe the solitary waves propagating to and from the mechanical interface between the transducer and a fresh gypsum cement sample. We hypothesize that the reflected HNSWs traveling along the crystal-based transducer are affected by the hydration process of the cement, and we assess the elastic modulus of the specimen in the localized region of the granular crystal contact. To verify the experimental results, we perform numerical simulations based on a simplified finite element model. The elastic properties of the cement specimen measured by the granular crystal transducer are compared with the compressive strength and the elastic modulus measurements obtained from destructive tests, conducted according to the ASTM C109. We observe good agreement between experiments and numerical simulations.
Site-3 toxins and cardiac sodium channels.

Site-3 toxins are small polypeptide venoms from scorpions, sea anemones, and spiders that bind with a high specificity to the extracellular surface of voltage-gated Na channels. After binding to a site near the S4 segment in domain IV the toxin causes disruption of the normal fast inactivation transition resulting in a marked prolongation of the action potentials of excitable tissues including those of cardiac and skeletal muscle and nerve. In this review we discuss the specific binding interactions between residues of the toxin and those of the Na channel, and the specific modification of Na channel kinetic behavior leading to a change in fast inactivation focusing on interactions deduced primarily from the study of sea anemone toxins and the cardiac Na channel (NaV1.5). We also illustrate the usefulness of site-3 toxins in the study of altered Na channel behavior by drug-modification.
Cerebral vasospasm after resection of an esthesioneuroblastoma: case report and literature review.

Abstract Background In the last 40 years, there were several reports of symptomatic cerebral vasospasm occurring after resection of brain neoplasms. In most cases, delay in recognition of this complication leads to significant neurologic deterioration postoperatively, regardless of the outcome of surgery. We illustrate in this report a case of cerebral vasospasm after resection of an esthesioneuroblastoma in an adult patient. This is the first report of vasospasm after resection of this neoplasm. Case Description A 41-year-old woman presented with complaints of headache, dizziness, visual blurring, and diplopia of several-day duration. Funduscopic examination revealed papilledema. Radiological studies revealed a large frontal lobe mass extending through the cribriform plate into the ethmoid sinus with accompanying brain edema. The patient underwent a craniotomy for resection of the neoplasm. Pathological findings were consistent with a high-grade esthesioneuroblastoma. Eleven days postoperatively, the patient's neurologic status declined. Diffusion-weighted MRI of the brain showed an infarct involving mainly the left PCA as well as branches of the left anterior and middle cerebral arteries. Angiography revealed narrowing of the corresponding cerebral vessels consistent with vasospasm. Hypervolemic, hypertensive therapy with nimodipine and corticosteroids were instituted. The patient initially improved but was left with a right homonymous hemianopsia upon discharge 23 days postoperatively. Conclusions Delayed neurologic deficit from vasospasm after tumor resection is a complication that is being reported in increasing numbers. These cases involved tumors in or adjacent to the basal cisterns, or surgical approaches that increase the propensity of blood to accumulate intraoperatively or postoperatively in a specific pattern in the basal subarachnoid space. A high index of suspicion for vasospasm should be maintained in patients who develop delayed neurologic deficit, especially when there is evidence of profuse intraoperative bleeding or postoperative blood in the basal cisterns. Early recognition of this phenomenon and early institution of proper therapy can reverse some or all of the neurologic deficit and improve the overall outcome for these patients.
One-dimensional sediment transport modeling of pool recovery along a mountain channel after a reservoir sediment release

A reservoir sediment release along the North Fork Cache la Poudre River (North Fork) in northern Colorado resulted in a massive fish kill and channel sedimentation that filled pools critical to fish as overwinter habitat. Recognition of the hazards associated with a large influx of sediment into a riverine ecosystem is critical for a greater understanding of the effects of sediment releases, and hence, future management of sediment within reservoirs. Two one-dimensional sediment transport models, HEC-6 and GSTARS 2.0, were evaluated for applicability to predict sediment removal along the steep gradient, bedrock-controlled pool-riffle North Fork. The ability of both models to identify flushing discharges that assist channel recovery was also evaluated. Two modeling scenarios representing a low and high flushing discharge were modeled. Within each scenario, two levels of simulations were conducted to represent conditions of data availability, a default simulation for limited data input, and a robust simulation that utilized the entire set of field data, collected over a 1-year period. The models were calibrated against quantitative measurements of pool bed elevation obtained during field resurveys. Preliminary analyses were conducted to identify the appropriate sediment transport equations. HEC-6 results indicate that long-term, robust simulations yield the closest agreement between predicted and measured pool bed elevation change. More than 50% of the actual scour and deposition within three pools was modeled using HEC-6. Modeling accuracy using GSTARS 2.0 was considerably lower, and it appears that the present construct of the model does not reflect the physical processes operating along the North Fork. Computer models are useful tools in the sediment management decision process, provided adequate data collection and calibration are conducted. In situations where restrictions exist on available flushing discharges, sediment transport modeling can assist management decisions, and modeling is always preferable to uncalibrated estimates. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Marriage, honor, agency and trials by ordeal: women's gender roles in Candimangal.

This essay discusses women's gender roles as they were imagined and debated in a Bengali text written towards the end of the sixteenth century. Efforts to reexamine precolonial gender roles and debates about them are important for three reasons. First, that large body of research on gender which begins with the colonial period often has obscured elements of continuity between colonial and precolonial discourse on gender in South Asia, and often exaggerates or misstates both the degree of consensus about gender in the precolonial period, and the nature of change in the colonial period.
The matrix approach to market analysis

Assessment of current and future market development is enhanced by systematic review, analysis and evaluation of accumulated records. The information matrix provides such an approach. Its primary purpose is to present past data, current experience and projections for the future. An illustrative example shows how this method works for data analysis by product and market area for sales volume, contribution to profit and overhead, and the costs of production, marketing and distribution. The development and evaluations of projections is facilitated by means of the matrix approach.
Steady-state feedforward compensation for discrete time multivariable systems

A class of discrete-time feedforward controllers which are designed for steady state disturbance rejection and command tracking are introduced for linear multivariable systems. The controllers use discretized future set points along time varying trajectories of the exogenous inputs described by linear models. This is in contrast to the use of the time derivatives of the instantaneous set points in the conventional asymptotic tracking controllers. As a result, apart from numerical noise reduction, the need for real-time generation of the derivative states of the exogenous input models are avoided for the purpose of realization of the feedforward controllers.
A compact pulse-based charge pump in 0.13 μm CMOS

In this paper, we present a new class of charge pump capable of generating voltages 3.75 × greater than the supply in a single clock cycle. It occupies .005 mm2 in a 0.13 μm CMOS process and can operate with a supply voltage between 0.4 V and 1.2 V, or as low as 0.2 V with some pulse-shape distortion. Our charge pump can provide output voltages of up to 3.9 V with less than 10 nW of standby power dissipation.
Effects of youth, price, and audience size on alcohol advertising in magazines

Using count data models, we examine the effects of youth readership, price of advertisements, and audience size on alcohol advertising in 35 major magazines. The regressions also account for readership demographics (adult reader age, income, gender, race), magazine characteristics (newsstand sales, number of annual issues), and type of beverage (beer, wine, spirits). Results indicate significant effects for price, audience size, and adult demographics, but fail to support the claim that alcohol advertisers target adolescent readers.
Subarachnoid haemorrhage associated with an intrathecal catheter

Although 15 to 20 percent of patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) do not have a vascular lesion on four-vessel cerebral angiography, venous injury is a potential cause. This case describes an intracranial catheter associated with nonaneurysmal SAH. It suggests that intrathecal catheters can cause vascular injury, and that nonaneurysmal perimesencephalic SAH may be due to injury of small blood vessels.