cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Plasmalemmal vesicles in pulmonary capillary endothelium of developing fetal lamb lungs

Abstract In adult mammalian lungs pinocytotic vesicles (PV) play a role in macromolecular transport across endothelium. The time course of their development in fetal lungs was examined. Morphometric techniques were used to measure the relative capillary volume as percentage of lung volume. Mean diameter ( D ), numerical density (Nv), and endothelial fractional volume (Vv) represented by PV were determined in randomly selected capillaries, measuring 5.3–8.4 μm in diameter, from right upper (RUL) and left lower (LLL) lobes of lungs from fetal lambs ranging in gestational ages from 39 to 144 days. Three newborn lambs, 1 hr after birth, were also examined. There was a 20-fold increase in the volume density of capillaries during the period studied. The vesicular D ± SD was 739.6 ± 4.1 and 735.1 ± 2.8 A in RUL and LLL, respectively, and remained unchanged throughout gestation. By contrast, following a gradual increase in Nv from 24.7 to 65.1/μm3 in the glandular stage (39–85 days), there was a rapid rise in Nv during both canalicular (95–121 days) and alveolar (130–144 days) stages of development, reaching a final Nv of 254.8/μm3. In newborn lambs, 1 hr after birth, there was no significant change in Nv. There was a significant correlation between Nv and fetal age, but there was no difference in Nv between RUL and LLL at any time. Thus, a more than 10-fold increase in Nv of PV occurs in ovine pulmonary capillary endothelium during gestation, the biochemical and/or physiological basis of which remains to be determined. By contrast, observations made on coated vesicles indicate that Nv of these structures does not change with gestation.
Influence of Polarized Light on the Falling-Off Effect of the Limiting Potential of Einstein's Photoelectric Law

The investigation reported here deals with a special photoelectric effect which was discovered in 1929. It consists of the following phenomenon: If light of two different frequencies is incident on an insulated metal electrode the limiting potential of the electrode is determined not only by the light of higher frequency but also by the light of lower frequency. The light of lower frequency causes a drop in the value of the limiting potential. This effect, called here the "falling-off effect," was explained by an extension of the work function in Einstein's law to include the work necessary to overcome the space charge which is generated by the photons of lower frequency. This space charge is composed of electrons of insufficient energy to reach the range of the electrons generated by the photons of higher frequency. It seemed desirable to investigate the effect under varied experimental conditions, in particular with polarized light. In this case preliminary observations of Marx and Meyer seemed to show results which were not covered by the space charge theory. This new research, however, shows for the case of polarized light the quantitative correctness of the law of the falling-off effect as obtained before for unpolarized light. The theoretical dependence of the effect on the intensities and frequencies of the two components of the beam is verified experimentally. It was evident that the falling-off effect was conditioned more by the value of the intensities of the components than by their frequencies (cf. Fig. 8). It was shown, moreover, that certain unexpected results with polarized light were accounted for by the same space charge theory which explained the first observations.
Making peace with our childhood

We are in another peak of a continuing war on youth. Our retributive justice system rests fundamentally on warring against youth. Adult power over others includes adult power over youth which is our primary source of violence. We have a growing stake in de‐escalating our war against youth. There are several ways in which we appear to be making peace with children more than we have, even in the midst of apparent mobilization against them. Insofar as we make peace with children, we adults also make peace with ourselves, and foster creative adaptation to changing human circumstances.
Inhibitory effect of bombesin/gastrin‐releasing peptide antagonist RC‐3095 and luteinizing hormone—releasing hormone antagonist SB‐75 on the growth of MCF‐7 MIII human breast cancer xenografts in athymic nude mice

Background. The results of several clinical trials using various luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists for treatment of advanced breast cancer are encouraging. However, only about 30% of breast cancers are estrogen-dependent and can be treated by hormonal manipulation. New therapeutic approaches combining estrogen ablation therapy with other compounds must be explored. Various studies suggest that bombesin or gastrin-releasing peptide acts as an autocrine growth factor and may play a role in the initiation and progression of some cancers, including that of the breast. Methods. Female athymic nude mice bearing xenografts of the MCF-7 MIII human breast cancer cell line were treated for 7 weeks with bombesin/gastrin-releasing peptide antagonist (D-Tpi6, Leu13 ϕ[CH2NH]-Leu14) bombesin(6–14) (RC-3095) injected subcutaneously daily at a dose of 20 μg and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone antagonist SB-75 (Cetrorelix) administered biweekly in the form of microgranules releasing 45 μg/day. Results. After 2 weeks of treatment, a significant inhibition of tumor volume was observed in the groups treated with RC-3095 alone or in combination with SB-75 but not in those treated with SB-75 as a single agent. After 7 weeks, tumor growth as measured by tumor volume and percentage changes in tumor volume and tumor weight was greatly inhibited in all of the treated groups. Uterine and ovarian weights were reduced and serum luteinizing hormone levels decreased by administration of SB-75 alone or in combination with RC-3095. Histologically, a significant decrease in argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region count in tumor cell nuclei was observed in all of the treated groups, indicating a lower proliferation of these cells. High-affinity binding sites for bombesin were detected in cultured MCF-7 MIII cells. Chronic treatment with RC-3095 caused a significant down-regulation of epidermal growth factor receptors in tumor cell membranes, which might be related to tumor inhibition. In studies in vitro, SB-75 inhibited proliferation of MCF-7 cells in culture but not proliferation of MCF-7 MIII cells. Conclusions. Because previously we demonstrated that RC-3095 inhibits the proliferation of MCF-7 MIII cells in vitro, it appears that the major antitumoral effect of RC-3095 on the MCF-7 MIII cancer line is direct, whereas that of SB-75 is indirect, and that it is mediated by suppression of the pituitary-gonadal axis. In view of its immediate and powerful inhibitory effect on MCF-7 MIII tumors, bombesin/gastrin-releasing peptide antagoantagonist RC-3095 merits further evaluation as a possible new agent for the treatment of breast cancer.
94 THE EFFECT OF AGE OF ADMINISTRATION OF MEASLES VACCINE ON COMPLIANCE

In June 1976 the Committee on Infectious Diseases of the American Academy of Pediatrics recommended that the time for routine measles immunization be changed from 12 months to 15 months of age. This policy change was based on new data which suggested that seroconversion rates were greater in the older children. Because of the known overall decrease in appointments kept for well child care during the second year of life, the possible benefit of the increased seroconversion rate might be offset by a concomitant decrease in compliance. A historical prospective study was done utilizing chart reviews to assess compliance of infants under 12 and 15 month programs for measles immunization (1975 and 1978 respectively). The possible effect of the new 15 month visit for measles vaccine on compliance with the 18 months DTP booster visit was also analyzed. A county health facility population of approximately 200 infants per cohort showed a compliance rate with measles at about 78%, and with DTP booster immunization at approximately 68%, for both 1975 and 1978 cohorts. However, similar sized cohorts from a prepaid medical facility revealed a reduction in compliance with measles immunization from 95% in 1975 to 79% in 1978. Compliance with DTP booster immunization similarly declined from 89% to 68% for the 1975 and 1978 cohorts respectively. Our studies suggest that the anticipated gain in seroconversion rate may be offset by a resulting loss in compliance.
Geometric and arithmetic postulation of the exponential function

This paper presents new proofs of some classical transcendence theorems. We use real variable methods, and hence obtain only the real variable versions of the theorems we consider: the Hermite-Lindemann theorem, the Gelfond-Schneider theorem, and the Six Exponentials theorem. We do not appeal to the Siegel lemma to build auxiliary functions. Instead, the proof employs certain natural determinants formed by evaluating n functions at n points (alternants), and two mean value theorems for alternants. The first, due to Polya, gives sufficient conditions for an alternant to be non-vanishing. The second, due to H. A. Schwarz, provides an upper bound.
On the use of external burning to reduce aerospace vehicle transonic drag

The external combustion of hydrogen to reduce the transonic drag of aerospace vehicles is currently being investigated. A preliminary analysis based on a constant pressure control volume is discussed. Results indicate that the specific impulse of the external burning process rivals that of a turbojet and depends on the severity of the initial base drag as well as on the Mach flight number and the equivalence ratio. A test program was conducted to investigate hydrogen-air flame stability at the conditions of interest and to demonstrate drag reduction on a simple expansion ramp. Initial test results are presented and compared with the control-volume analysis. The expansion ramp surface pressure coefficient showed little variation with fuel pressure and altitude, in disagreement with the analysis. Flame stability results were encouraging and indicate that stable combustion is possible over an adequate range of conditions. Facility interference and chemical kinetics phenomena that make interpretation of subscale ground test data difficult are discussed.
Software engineering team project group member evaluations: some empirical results

Students in a software engineering course at Purdue University in the Fall of 1987 participated in team projects during and after which they completed Group Member Evaluation Forms. These evaluations revealed that: (1) project work load distribution is an area for improvement, (2) our students liked working in a team software development environment, (3) they were happy with their 4-5 person group sizes, (4) contribution critiques were very consistent (including self-critiques) and seemed to correlate well with perceived amount of work done, and (5) there was no consensus about how to handle parasites (i.e., students who do not contribute adequately to the team effort).
State and Information Estimation for Linear and Nonlinear Systems

A new information space based estimation algorithm for nonlinear systems is presented. First, an outline of the algebraic equivalent of the Kalman filter, the Information filter, is discussed. Employing the principles used in the derivation of the extended Kalman filter (EKF), the linear information space is then extended to nonlinear information space. In this way, the extended Information filter (EIF) is derived, which is the key contribution of the paper.
DEVELOPMENT and USE of MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES SPECIFIC FOR MYCOPLASMA GALLISEPTICUM1

Two monoclonal antibodies (AMb) that react only with Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and do not cross-react with Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) were established. MAb 76 was IgG1 and reacted with a 66 kDa MG protein. MAb 69 was IgG2b and reacted with a 100 kDa MG protein. Using these MAbs as positive controls in an immunoblotting test, 9 of 12 sera from MG inoculated chickens gave a strong band at 66 kDa, and no bands were found at 66 kDa using either 11 sera from MS inoculated chickens or 10 sera from uninoculated, negative control chickens. These results indicated that the 66 kDa protein is a major species-specific protein for MG and that the MAb 76 is a major species-specific monoclonal antibody for MG. the MAb 76 identified 7 of 7 M. gallisepticum strains by a cell-dot-blot method. A coagglutination test using MAb 76 bound to protein A positive Staphylococcus aureus cells was also shown to be a rapid method to identify the seven strains of M. gallisepticum.
Contributions of water supply from the weathered bedrock zone to forest soil quality

One measure of forest soil quality is the ability of the soil to support tree growth. In mediterranean-type ecosystems, such as most of California's forests, there is virtually no rainfall during the summer growing season, so trees must rely on water stored within the substrate. Water is the primary limitation to productivity in these forests. Many forest soils in California are relatively thin, but are underlain by thick zones of weathered bedrock. Weathered granitic bedrock, the most prevalent lithology, has available water capacities (0.12-cm water/cm rock) that approach those of soils (0.2-cm water/cm soil) and, because the weathered rock zone is usually so much thicker (several meters) than the soil (<1 m), it almost always constitutes the larger storage reservoir for plant-available water. The weathered bedrock retains the original rock fabric and is friable and easily excavated, but the primary minerals are not thoroughly altered to clay minerals, so it is not considered saprolite. Roots of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) seedlings penetrate through the soil and encounter weathered bedrock within the first 2 years on many sites. Thus, the influence of the weathered bedrock zone on plant growth begins early. Root access to the weathered bedrock is restricted to fractures, which are often spaced about 50 cm apart. Water is extracted from the intervening rock matrix through unsaturated flow toward the root mat in the fractures and by mycorrhizal fungal hyphae that penetrate the rock matrix. At one site in the Sierra Nevada, 30-year-old Jeffrey pine (P. jeffreyi) depleted the soil-held water by mid-June and relied on water stored in the weathered bedrock until the rainy season began in October. In this case, the weathered bedrock supplied at least 70% of the water used by the trees during the growing season. In the same area, we found that thin soils are not a detriment to pine productivity when they are underlain by a thick zone of weathered bedrock. In mediterranean-type ecosystems, the weathered bedrock zone is an essential component of the plant water supply system and is thus an important contributor to forest soil quality.
Development and application of a remote sensing-based salinity prediction model for a large estuarine lake in the US Gulf of Mexico coast

Summary Salinity in estuaries is highly variable due to river discharge, tidal motion, and winds. Information on the spatial and temporal changes in salinity can provide important ecological indications, but accurate monitoring of the space–time variability for a large estuary is often costly and time-consuming. This study applied remote sensing techniques to develop a salinity prediction model for Lake Pontchartrain, a large estuarine lake located in the Northern Gulf of Mexico, USA. “Ground truth” salinity was measured along two transects across the lake and near the shoreline. Water-leaving reflectance from the measurement locations was extracted from Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) images pre-processed through “banding” noise reduction and radiometrical correction approaches. Ordinary least square and ridge regression methods were performed to identify model parameters and to determine relationships between salinity and reflectance. Salinity in the lake on eight dates was predicted with the developed model. Difference in salinity level and patterns, and impacts of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita on salinity were assessed with ANOVA and Fuzzy Similarity methods. The results showed that the model achieved a high power in prediction of the lake salinity ( R 2 = 0.89 and RMSE of validation = 0.27). Reflectance from TM bands 1, 2, and 4 was positively correlated to salinity levels and explained 1.9%, 20.3%, and 10.2% variance in salinity levels. Reflectance from bands 3 and 5 was negatively correlated to salinity and explained 34.1% and 31.2% variance. Under normal circumstances without the impacts of hurricanes, the lake salinity presented two patterns with average salinity level of 5.5 ppt. After Katrina’s landfall, the average was significantly increased by 1.1 ppt and the spatial patterns were altered. The pattern on 30 August 2005 was the most dissimilar one as compared to the two normal patterns, and then followed by the patterns on 9 and 25 October, and 7 September 2005. This study demonstrated that satellite remote sensing techniques can be applied to monitor salinity in coastal environments, and that freshwater discharge not only affects salinity levels and patterns under normal conditions but also is crucial for the return of salinity patterns to normal conditions after hurricane disturbance.
Determining Construction Debris Recycling Dumpster Densities

Abstract Solid waste generated by construction and demolition (C&D) projects account for a significant portion of solid waste generated and landfilled in the United States. The United States Green Building Council's (USGBC) Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED®) credit system encourages recycling of C&D debris. Data from a new construction project adhering to LEED® guidelines is used to investigate dumpster densities for construction debris. These are conversion factors from waste collection volumes to waste masses useful for verification of recycling credit goals, estimating waste management needs and optimizing waste management costs. The proper estimation of waste material dumpster density is important in order to combine sustainability with cost effectiveness. The field data was generated from a 9700 m2 (104,000 ft2) building under construction in Columbia, South Carolina with a precast concrete and brick veneer. The categories of waste investigated were general trash, masonry, wood, st...
Cardiorespiratory fitness influences the blood pressure response to experimental weight gain.

Objective: We tested the hypothesis that with similar weight gain the increase in blood pressure (BP) would be smaller in men with higher cardiorespiratory fitness (HCRF) than in men with lower cardiorespiratory fitness (LCRF). Research Methods and Procedures: Thirteen men (age = 23 ± 1, BMI = 24 ± 1) were overfed by ∼1000 kcal/d over ∼8 weeks to achieve a 5-kg weight gain. Resting BP and 24-hour ambulatory BP, body composition, and fat distribution were measured. Results: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) was higher in the HCRF group compared with the LCRF group (49.9 ± 1.2 vs. 38.1 ± 1.4 mL/kg per minute, p < 0.001). At baseline, body weight was similar in the HCRF and LCRF groups, whereas the HCRF group displayed lower levels of total body fat (13.0 ± 1.7 vs. 16.9 ± 1.3 kg, p = 0.049) and abdominal visceral fat (49 ± 6 vs. 80 ± 14 cm2, p = 0.032). Resting BP and 24-hour ambulatory BP were similar in the two groups at baseline. After weight gain, body weight increased ∼5 kg (p < 0.05) in both groups; the changes in body composition and regional fat distribution were similar. As hypothesized, the increases in resting systolic (1 ± 2 vs. 7 ± 2 mm Hg; p = 0.008) and diastolic (−1 ± 4 vs. 5 ± 1 mm Hg; p = 0.005) BP were smaller in the HCRF group. CRF was correlated with the increases in resting systolic (r = −0.64; p = 0.009) and diastolic BP (r = −0.80; p < 0.001). Furthermore, the relationship between CRF and BP remained significant after adjusting for the changes in the proportion of total abdominal fat gained as visceral fat. Discussion: These findings suggest that higher levels of CRF are associated with a smaller increase in BP with weight gain, independently of changes in abdominal visceral fat.
The isolation and sequence of canine interleukin-8 receptor.

A cDNA corresponding to canine IL-8 receptor has been cloned and sequenced. The cDNA was synthesized using RT-PCR, with oligonucleotide primers designed from conserved regions of published IL-8 receptors. The 5′-end was cloned by 5′-RACE and the 3′-end was cloned by 3′-RACE. The cDNA encodes a predicted full length IL-8r protein of 356 amino acids. At the nucleic acid level, the canine cDNA shows 83.9%, 82.4%/78.8%, 81.5%/78%, 81.4%/77.7%, 77.8% and 77.3%/71.9% identity to published sequences of bovine, human, gorilla, rabbit, mouse and rat IL8RB/IL8RA, respectively. The derived protein from the cDNA sequences shows 75.3%/70.3%, 75.3%/70.1%, 74.8%/69.4%, 70%/59%, and 69.7% identity to that of human, rabbit, gorilla, rat and mouse IL8RB/IL8RA homolog.
Weak links and the poor transport critical currents of the 123 compounds

Abstract The results of recent transport measurements, DC and AC magnetization measurements, and investigations of the grain boundary morphology and composition of 123 compounds which have been conducted by our group are described. The samples studied have low normal state resistivities (200–600 μΩcm at 100 K) and largely magnetic-field-independent transport critical current densities (J ct ) in the range 2–10 T at temperatures of 4–77 K, indicating that they are of relatively high quality. Nevertheless, the J ct values measured on these samples are still very low (4–100 A/cm 2 , 2–20 T, 4.2 K), and the large values of J cm /J ct (J cm is the magnetization critical current density) determined for these specimens indicate that weak links still limit J ct . Critical current measurements have been made under different relative orientations of applied field, crystal axes, and measuring current on sintered textured samples (c axes of all of the grains nearly parallel). Anisotropy of J cm similar to that observed in single crystals was found. By comparing the ratio J cm /J ct for different orientations of B relative to the c axis, it is concluded that local composition variations must act as efficient pinning centers at 4.2 K. A very low and strongly-field-dependent J cm for B ⊥ c at 77 K suggests, however, that these 4.2 K pinning centers become weak links at 77 K. Evidence is presented for the occurrence of weak links at regions internal to the grains. Detailed microstructural investigations using conventional and analytical transmission electron microscopy and scanning Auger microanalysis on fracture surfaces did not provide any definitive information about the nature of the weak links.
Elevated vitamin levels in cerebrospinal fluid in multiple sclerosis.

SummaryThe folic acid and Vit. B12 content of CSF and B12 in serum was studied in more than 300 neurological cases. The PGA levels in CSF in a number of cases were elevated; high values were scattered among a variety of neurological conditions, but were high in four-fifths of cases with MS. The titre of B12 in CSF and serum of MS patients was elevated in one-third and reached the upper limit of the normal range in another third of the cases. We assume that increased levels of these vitamins in CSF are not merely an indication of increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier, but of etiological significance for MS.
On the regularizing properties of the GMRES method

The GMRES method is a popular iterative method for the solution of large linear systems of equations with a nonsymmetric nonsingular matrix. However, little is known about the behavior of this method when it is applied to the solution of nonsymmetric linear ill-posed problems with a right-hand side that is contaminated by errors. We show that when the associated error-free right-hand side lies in a finite-dimensional Krylov subspace, the GMRES method is a regularization method. The iterations are terminated by a stopping rule based on the discrepancy principle.
Proton–proton fusion in lattice effective field theory

Abstract The proton–proton fusion rate is calculated at low energy in a lattice effective field theory (EFT) formulation. The strong and the Coulomb interactions are treated non-perturbatively at leading order in the EFT. The lattice results are shown to accurately describe the low energy cross section within the validity of the theory at energies relevant to solar physics. In prior works in the literature, Coulomb effects were generally not included in non-perturbative lattice calculations. Work presented here is of general interest in nuclear lattice EFT calculations that involve Coulomb effects at low energy. It complements recent developments of the adiabatic projection method for lattice calculations of nuclear reactions.
Matrix-enhanced calibration procedure for multivariate calibration models with near-infrared spectra

A novel method is introduced for developing calibration models for the spectroscopic measurement of chemical concentrations in an aqueous environment. To demonstrate this matrix-enhanced calibration procedure, we developed calibration models to quantitate glucose and glutamine concentrations in an insect cell culture medium that is a complex mixture of more than 20 components, with three components that manifest significant concentration changes. Accurate calibration models were generated for glucose and glutamine by using a calibration data set composed of 60 samples containing the analytes dissolved in an aqueous buffer along with as few as two samples of the analytes dissolved in culture medium. Standard errors of prediction were 1.0 mM for glucose and 0.35 mM for glutamine. The matrix-enhanced method was also applied to culture medium samples collected during the course of a second bioreactor run. Addition of three culture medium samples to a buffer calibration reduced glucose prediction errors from 3.8 mM to 1.0 mM; addition of two culture medium samples reduced glutamine prediction errors from 1.6 mM to 0.76 mM. Results from this study suggest that spectroscopic calibration models can be developed from a relatively simple set of samples provided that some account for variations in the sample matrix.
The Secret History of Sprawl: Joyce Carol Oates's Expensive People and the Deterritorialization of Suburbia

American postwar suburbanization is rarely—if ever—discussed through the rhetorics of postmodernism and globalization. The suburban novel genre contributes to the view of the suburbs as detached from such sweeping historical developments. Indeed the characteristic discontent found throughout suburban narratives stems from feelings of isolation and detachment. Joyce Carol Oates's novel provides an opportunity to rethink the relationship between supposedly private, domestic problems and public history. Through allusions to the Detroit riot of 1967 and the Vietnam War, Expensive People suggests an unusual connection between the public violence of these late-sixties conflicts, on the one hand, and the protagonist's “disintegration” and his mother's mysterious death—the ultimate products of their suburban discontent—on the other. This connection can be elaborated through the concepts of sprawl and deterritorialization, which help explain how the same racist, expansionist, capitalist agenda that has harmed the populations of inner-city Detroit and rural Vietnam can simultaneously benefit affluent white suburbanites. Expensive People should thus be read as a historiographical metafiction that satirizes the suburban genre, questioning the assumption that detachment and discontent go hand in hand in the American suburbs.
Induction of ferric reductase activity in response to iron deficiency in Arabidopsis

The response to iron deficiency was investigated in 16 ecotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. and in Arabidopsis griffithiana. An increase in root ferric reductase activity was observed under conditions of iron deficiency in these ecotypes and in both species. This observation is consistent with a Strategy I response which is typical for dicot plants. A. griffithiana, however, showed a lower induction of ferric reductase activity in response to iron deficiency than that of the commonly studied A. thaliana Columbia ecotypes.
Hepatitis in the Marmoset, Saguinus mystax

SummaryThe marmoset, Saguinus mystax, developed signs of disease similar to human hepatitis when inoculated with marmoset sera containing Deinhardt's hepatitis agent, or sera from patients with infectious hepatitis but not when inoculated with serum containing hepatitis-associated antigen or with partially purified antigen. The evidence of disease were 3- to 10-fold increase above normal SGPT levels and histologic changes of single liver cell necroses with periportal lymphocytic infiltration. Hepatitis-associated antigen was not found in any marmoset sera by complement-fixation tests or electron microscopy.
The Efficacy of Play Therapy With Children: A Meta-Analytic Review of Treatment Outcomes

The efficacy of psychological interventions for children has long been debated among mental health professionals; however, only recently has this issue received national attention, with the U.S. Public Health Service (2000) emphasizing the critical need for early intervention and empirically validated treatments tailored to children’s maturational needs. Play therapy is a developmentally responsive intervention widely used by child therapists but often criticized for lacking an adequate research base to support its growing practice. A meta-analysis of 93 controlled outcome studies (published 1953‐2000) was conducted to assess the overall efficacy of play therapy and to determine factors that might impact its effectiveness. The overall treatment effect for play therapy interventions was 0.80 standard deviations. Further analysis revealed that effects were more positive for humanistic than for nonhumanistic treatments and that using parents in play therapy produced the largest effects. Play therapy appeared equally effective across age, gender, and presenting issue.
Unruptured sinus of valsalva aneurysm with right ventricular outflow tract obstruction associated with ventricular septal defect

We describe an aneurysm originating from the right sinus of Valsalva, with right ventricular outflow tract obstruction associated with ventricular septal defect, in a 9-year-old boy. Diagnosis was made by echocardiography and cardiac catheterization. Successful surgical repair of ventricular septal defect and aortic valvuloplasty resulted in symptomatic improvement.
Roles of Direct and Shared Associations in Verbal Generalization

Summary.-The power of associative relations to predict verbal generalization depends on their typz: (a) direct, where one word is a free associate of another, and (b) indirect, where words have identical free associates in common. 30 Ss generalized between word-pairs preselected to have equal indices of predicted generalization bascd either on predominantly direct or indirect associations. Significantly greater amounts of generalization were obtained to directly related word-pairs (P < .0001), indirectly related word pairs yielding no more than chance amounts. An index of generalization based exclusively on direct associations correlated significantly with generalization (rho = .GI) while inclusion of indirect associations reduced the correlation to chance levels (rho = .lo). Examination of the literature suggests that the success of indices using indirect associations may derive from their inclusion of direct associations as well. Since the time of Noble's (1952) proposed analysis of the meaning of a word into its array of learned associations, verbal associations have been increasingly recognized as important factors in the shaping of verbal behavior. Marshall and Cofer ( 1961) concluded that predictions about verbal behavior on the basis of associative relations have fared far better than those based on either dictionary definitions, rated similarity of meaning, or semantic differential meaning. Bousfield, Whitmarsh, and Danick (1958) have successfully predicted amount of verbal generalization on the basis of associative relations between words. Verbal generalization occurs when an observable response which has been trained to a given word (the "training" word) is elicited by a second word (the "test" word). For example, S might be taught in the training phase to say a different number (the observable response) to each word on a list (the "training" list) and subsequently be asked in the testing phase to assign to each word on a new list (the "test" list) any of those numbers which seems most appropriately to belong to the test word. The training and test lists can be selected so that they comprise training-test word-pairs which have a theoretical degree of relatedness from which relative amounts of verbal generalization can be predicted. Bousfield, et al. (1958) proposed an index of generalization based on the strength of all and only those free associations to the test word which are also either (1) free associations to the training word or (2) identical to the training word itself. To illustrate, the derivation of this index of generalization between the training word NEEDLE and
Clinical implications of the new understanding of thrombophilia

Thrombophilia used to be viewed as a disorder caused by a single congenital thrombophilic abnormality with thrombosis often triggered by an exogenous risk situation. It is becoming clear, however, that it is often a compound state with several congenital and acquired thrombophilic abnormalities. Activated protein C resistance is the most commonly found congenital abnormality. Protein C-, protein S-, and antithrombin III-deficiency continue to play an important role. Hyperhomocysteinemia as a risk factor for arterial and venous thrombosis is being recognized more frequently and is of particular interest, since elevated homocysteine levels can be decreased by simple means: treatment with folic acid and vitamin B6. However, whether this decreases the risk of thrombosis is not known. Antiphospholipid antibodies are also being recognized more frequently. The special treatment considerations in these patients will be discussed. Polymorphisms of proteins involved in coagulation, such as prothrombin and thrombomodulin, leading to an increased risk of thrombosis are increasingly being discovered. Several well performed clinical studies exist which allow recommendations for the length and intensity of anticoagulation for patients who have suffered a thromboembolic event. However, these studies have grouped together patients with different risk factor profiles and, therefore, only lead to generalized recommendations. By discovering more thrombophilic abnormalities and testing patients for these, a more individual risk stratification will be possible. This will eventually lead to more individual treatment recommendations.
Trunk and Hip Control Neuromuscular Training for the Prevention of Knee Joint Injury

This article provide evidences to outline a novel theory used to define the mechanisms related to increased risk of ACL injury in female athletes. In addition, this discussion will include theoretical constructs for the description of the mechanisms that lead to increased risk. Finally, a clinical application section will outline novel neuromuscular training techniques designed to target deficits that underlie the proposed mechanism of increased risk of knee injury in female athletes.
Archival absence: the burden of history

The Miami Nation of Indians remains on their homelands in what is now considered the state of Indiana in the USA. Settler colonial histories obfuscate their continued presence. The absence of indigenous histories in public history institutions, such as archives, complete the erasure of indigenous peoples not carried out through the physical violence of settling. I propose marking archival absence as a tactical response to the epistemic violence of settler archives.
Sulfate esterifying activity of embryonic chick liver in vitro.

Abstract A method has been described for the study of tissue sulfate-conjugating systems in vitro . Liver slices from embryonic chicks were maintained in vitro in a medium containing labeled inorganic sulfate and phenol. It was found that more of the sulfate was esterified at 20 °C. than at 37 °C. due to the longer continued activity at the lower temperature. All sulfate-esterifying activity was lost in liver slices maintained at 37 °C. for 30 hr. while those cultures maintained at 20 °C. continued to esterify sulfate for 70 hr. On the basis of our data there would appear to be a change in the thermal stability of the sulfate-esterifying enzyme system of the chick liver upon its transition from the embryonic stage to the stage of the fully developed chick. Data were presented for the chick 4 months ex ovo . We have been unable to detect any analogous temperature effects upon the sulfate-esterifying system in the livers of embryonic and adult rats.
T Helper 17 Lineage Differentiation Is Programmed by Orphan Nuclear Receptors RORα and RORγ

T cell functional differentiation is mediated by lineage-specific transcription factors. T helper 17 (Th17) has been recently identified as a distinct Th lineage mediating tissue inflammation. Retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor gamma (ROR gamma) was shown to regulate Th17 differentiation; ROR gamma deficiency, however, did not completely abolish Th17 cytokine expression. Here, we report Th17 cells highly expressed another related nuclear receptor, ROR alpha, induced by transforming growth factor-beta and interleukin-6 (IL-6), which is dependent on signal transducer and activator of transcription 3. Overexpression of ROR alpha promoted Th17 differentiation, possibly through the conserved noncoding sequence 2 in Il17-Il17f locus. ROR alpha deficiency resulted in reduced IL-17 expression in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, ROR alpha and ROR gamma coexpression synergistically led to greater Th17 differentiation. Double deficiencies in ROR alpha and ROR gamma globally impaired Th17 generation and completely protected mice against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Therefore, Th17 differentiation is directed by two lineage-specific nuclear receptors, ROR alpha and ROR gamma.
Impact of electrode metals on a pentacene-based write-once read-many memory device

Abstract We report a pentacene-based bistable memory device using Fe as the top electrode and compare it to the Al/pentacene/Al devices. The device displays stable switching from the low-current OFF state to the high-current ON state and long retention time. Our results suggest that Fe has the advantage over Al as the top electrode because it lowers the switching threshold voltage. The Fe devices exhibit similar temperature-dependent behaviors with the reported Al/pentacene/Al devices [D. Tondelier, K. Lmimouni, D. Vuillaume, Appl. Phys. Lett. 85 (2004) 5763]. The device is promising as a write-once read-many (WORM) memory.
The Ephemeroptera of Central America. Part 2: Nicaragua

Abstract The Ephemeroptera fauna of Nicaragua is inventoried based on the study of recent collections and includes eight families, 28 genera, and 56 species. Forty-seven species are reported from Nicaragua for the first time. Genera found in Nicaragua for the first time include Allenhyphes Hofmann and Sartori, Baetodes Needham and Murphy, Camelobaetidius Demoulin, Choroterpes Eaton, Epiphrades Wiersema and McCafferty, Fallceon Waltz and McCafferty, Farrodes Peters, Guajirolus Flowers, Hagenulopsis Ulmer, Haplohyphes Allen, Lachlania Hagen, Leptohyphes Eaton, Maccaffertium Bednarik, Paracloeodes Day, Terpides Demoulin, Thraulodes Ulmer, Traverella Edmunds, Tricoryhyphes Allen and Murvosh, Ulmeritoides Traver, and Vacupernius Wiersema and McCafferty. Americabaetis alphus Lugo-Ortiz and McCafferty, Baetodes bibranchius McCafferty and Provonsha, Campsurus notatus Needham and Murphy, Fallceon planifrons (Kluge), Farrodes pakitza Dominguez, Molineri and Peters, F. savagei Dominguez, Traverella albertana (McDunn...
Extension of the Jones matrix formalism to reflection problems and magnetic materials

A simple relation is developed between the Jones propagation matrix in anisotropic materials and the reflection and interface transmission matrices for normal incidence upon a plane interface between isotropic and anisotropic materials. The case of anisotropic permittivity and/or conductivity and the case of anisotropic permeability are both considered. It is shown that, for small anisotropies, the reflection and interface transmission matrices can be decomposed into matrices representing the effects of linear and circular birefringence and dichroism. The case of multiple reflections in a planar slab is also treated.
Management of Locally Advanced Prostate Cancer: Past, Present, Future

Purpose: Historically advanced prostate cancer had been treated with androgen ablation. With the evolution of radiation therapy it was shown that some patients with advanced but nonmetastatic disease could be cured or at least have progression delayed. Subsequently a series of studies demonstrated that the combination of radiation and androgen ablation resulted in improved results over those of radiation therapy alone, although the failure rate was still high. This review explores the continued evolution in the treatment of high risk disease.Materials and Methods: The published literature on treatment for high risk prostate cancer was reviewed.Results: Adding androgen ablation to radiation decreased the failure rate from 79% to 67% in older studies and 55% to 25% in more recent studies. Most contemporary studies of higher radiation doses showed further improvement with a failure rate of 20% to 40%. The results of adding an implant boost appears to have decreased the failure rate further to 30% or less in ...
A free-floating, steerable, HF sonar for environmental measurements

Defence Research Establishment Atlantic is developing a free-floating HF sonar for collecting environmental acoustic data in the open ocean. The sonar is designed to operate in the band 20-40 kHz with a beamwidth of 0.1 steradians. Its maximum operating depth is 300 m. A 462 MHz RF command link is used to steer the array to any combination of azimuth and tilt angle. This facilitates measurements of directional ambient noise as well as surface and bottom backscatter as a function of grazing angle. Along with control over azimuth and tilt angle, the sonar is instrumented to monitor depth, roll and vertical acceleration. Data transmission back to the ship is accomplished via a 2.37 GHz RF data link capable of a data transfer rate of up to 8 Mbits/sec. In this paper, the electrical, mechanical, and acoustic design of the array is presented. >
Water information services with GEOSS interoperability arrangements

Presents a collection of slides covering the following topics: GEOSS interoperability arrangements; drought index use scenario; global drought monitor configuration; water ontology; water information services; DIAS ontology browser; and land surface module.
Access to green space, physical activity and mental health: a twin study

Background Increasing global urbanisation has resulted in a greater proportion of the world9s population becoming exposed to risk factors unique to urban areas, and understanding these effects on public health is essential. The aim of this study was to examine the association between access to green space and mental health among adult twin pairs. Methods We used a multilevel random intercept model of same-sex twin pairs (4338 individuals) from the community-based University of Washington Twin Registry to analyse the association between access to green space, as measured by the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index and self-reported depression, stress, and anxiety. The main parameter of interest was the within-pair effect for identical (monozygotic, MZ) twins because it was not subject to confounding by genetic or shared childhood environment factors. Models were adjusted for income, physical activity, neighbourhood deprivation and population density. Results When treating twins as individuals and not as members of a twin pair, green space was significantly inversely associated with each mental health outcome. The association with depression remained significant in the within-pair MZ univariate and adjusted models; however, there was no within-pair MZ effect for stress or anxiety among the models adjusted for income and physical activity. Conclusions These results suggest that greater access to green space is associated with less depression, but provide less evidence for effects on stress or anxiety. Understanding the mechanisms linking neighbourhood characteristics to mental health has important public health implications. Future studies should combine twin designs and longitudinal data to strengthen causal inference.
Ce-doped strontium cobalt ferrite perovskites as cathode catalysts for solid oxide fuel cells: Effect of dopant concentration

Abstract The bulk structure, oxygen mobility, and button cell performance of perovskite-type oxides with the formula Sr 1− x Ce x Co 0.2 Fe 0.8 O 3− δ for x = 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20 have been investigated using in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD), oxygen temperature-programmed desorption (O 2 -TPD), CO 2 -temperature-programmed oxidation (TPO) and button cell/impedance measurements. XRD results indicate that cerium-doped perovskites have a cubic structure and do not undergo structural changes with increasing temperature. An additional CeO 2 phase was observed when the concentration of Ce exceeded 15%. Addition of cerium lowers the thermal expansion coefficient (TEC), bringing the TEC closer to that of gadolinia-doped ceria (GDC) electrolyte. The oxygen vacancy generation was inversely proportional to the doping concentration of Ce. However, the best unit cell performance and the lowest impedance were achieved with intermediate levels of Ce doping, suggesting that the ceria phase which segregates at higher doping levels has a detrimental effect on the cell performance. CO 2 -TPO experiments which were used to examine the rate of intra-facial transport of oxygen were found to be a good probe for button cell performance.
Modeling and analysis of random walk search algorithms in P2P networks

In this paper we develop a model for random walk search mechanism in unstructured P2P networks. Using the model we obtain analytical expressions for the performance metrics of random walk search in terms of the popularity of the resource being searched for and the parameters of random walk. We propose an equation based adaptive search mechanism that uses estimate of popularity of a resource in order to choose the parameters of random walk such that a targeted performance level is achieved by the search. We also propose a low-overhead method for maintaining an estimate of popularity that utilizes feedback (or lack there-off) obtained from previous searches. Simulation results show that the performance of the equation based adaptive search is significantly better than the non-adaptive random walk.
Positioning and Orientation in Indoor Environments Using Camera Phones

Location technologies provide a way to associate information to a user's location. The authors developed a system that processes a cell-phone camera image and matches detected landmarks from the image to a building. The system calculates camera location and dynamically overlays information directly on the cell phone image.
Algebraic survivor memory management for Viterbi detectors

An algebraic formulation of the survivor memory management of Viterbi detectors is introduced. This reveals the fact that the problem of survivor memory implementation is analogous to the realization of look-ahead in parallelized linear feedback loops. Hence, next to finding new solutions, a wide range of solutions can be transferred and adapted from this well-known problem. They mainly present novel approaches for survivor memory realization. VLSI case studies of novel algorithms and architectures have shown that more than 50% savings are possible in hardware complexity as well as power consumption. The algebraic formulation can also lead to simplified software implementation. >