cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Metalepsis in Autobiographical Narrative

How do fictional tactics operate in what is often simplistically termed the “factual” or referential world of autobiographical discourse? Many narratologists view the rhetorical figure of metalepsis as distinctive to metafictional texts and constitutive of “fictional” narration, which they posit in antithesis to “factual” narration. But regarding autobiographical narrative only within the realm of fact ignores its complexity. While some theorists of autobiographical narrative have read it through the rhetorical figure of prosopopeia, as elaborated by Paul de Man in characterizing its “de-facement” of subjectivity, we argue that the figure of metalepsis operates productively in autobiographical narrative, particularly hybrid and experimental texts. The use of metalepsis shifts levels or layers of narration across temporal and spatial planes in ways that confuse its diegetic and metadiegetic levels. That is, autobiographical narrative, while filtered through the recit factuel, is not consistently fixed in an extratextual, ontologically unified, referential world. We pursue this argument by exploring four cases: the circuit of transfer in incomplete conversion narrative (Rowlandson’s A True History of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson); palimsistic seepage between the Bildungsroman and trauma narrative (Eggers’ A Heartbreaking Work of Staggering Genius); narrative collision of “parallel universes” (Kaysen’s Girl, Interrupted); and unstable witness to collective trauma by a second-generation narrator (Spiegelman’s Maus: A Survivor’s Tale). Recent critical studies of metalepsis also probe how it presses at the limits of referentiality in life narratives by J. M. Coetzee, Javier Marias, and Christine Brooke-Rose. In sum, autobiographical narrative is by no means a referential, “monologic” mode easily differentiated from the dialogism and metadiscursivity of the novel; rather, it is a mode unsettled by figural, discursive, and temporal boundary-crossing.
Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing Reveal Presence of a Novel Ungulate Bocaparvovirus in Alpacas.

Viruses belonging to the genus Bocaparvovirus (BoV) are a genetically diverse group of DNA viruses known to cause respiratory, enteric, and neurological diseases in animals, including humans. An intestinal sample from an alpaca (Vicugna pacos) herd with reoccurring diarrhea and respiratory disease was submitted for next-generation sequencing, revealing the presence of a BoV strain. The alpaca BoV strain (AlBoV) had a 58.58% whole genome nucleotide percent identity to a camel BoV from Dubai, belonging to a tentative ungulate BoV 8 species (UBoV8). Recombination events were lacking with other UBoV strains. The AlBoV genome was comprised of the NS1, NP1, and VP1 proteins. The NS1 protein had the highest amino acid percent identity range (57.89–67.85%) to the members of UBoV8, which was below the 85% cut-off set by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. The low NS1 amino acid identity suggests that AlBoV is a tentative new species. The whole genome, NS1, NP1, and VP1 phylogenetic trees illustrated distinct branching of AlBoV, sharing a common ancestor with UBoV8. Walker loop and Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) motifs that are vital for virus infectivity were identified in NS1 and VP1 proteins, respectively. Our study reports a novel BoV strain in an alpaca intestinal sample and highlights the need for additional BoV research.
The Influence of Nitrile Gloves on the Setting Behavior of Polyvinyl Siloxane Putty Impression Materials.

Objective The purpose of this study was to assess the gelation and polymerization time of three polyvinyl siloxane (PVS) putty materials and to determine if those times were affected by nitrile gloves under different conditions. Materials and methods Ten specimens (n=10) were obtained for each PVS putty material (Express STD, 3M ESPE; Extrude Xtra, Kerr and Exafast, GC) and tested under different conditions (gloves washed, gloves unwashed and hands contaminated). The gelation and polymerization time were measured using an oscillating rheometer and recorded for 400 s at 37°C to simulate the oral environment. Results The mean gelation time of hand contaminated specimens was 157.50 minutes and was significantly slower than that by using nitrile washed gloves (mean=117.94, p=.004) and by using unwashed gloves (mean=99.46, p⟨0.001). Unwashed gloves had significantly quicker gelation times compared to washed gloves (p=.046). The gelation time was significantly delayed with Exafast compared to Extrude Xtra and Express STD across all the different types of glove conditions (p⟨0.043). No significant differences were observed between polymerization time with Exafast and Extrude Xtra Putty. Conclusions Extrude Xtra putty material had significantly better performance than GC Exafast and Express. Hand contaminated specimens were affected by the gelation/polymerization time.
An Ultra-Low Power Spintronic Stochastic Spiking Neuron with Self-Adaptive Discrete Sampling

State-of-the-art machine learning models have achieved impressive feats of narrow intelligence, but have yet to realize the computational generality, adaptability, and power efficiency of biological brains. Thus, this work aims to improve current neural network models by leveraging the principle that the cortex consists of noisy and imprecise components in order to realize an ultra-low-power stochastic spiking neural circuit that resembles biological neuronal behavior. By utilizing probabilistic spintronics to provide true stochasticity in a compact CMOS-compatible device, an Adaptive Ring Oscillator for as-needed discrete sampling, and a homeostasis mechanism to reduce power consumption, provide additional biological characteristics, and improve process variation resilience, this subthreshold circuit is able to generate sub-nanosecond spiking behavior with biological characteristics at 200mV, using less than 80nW, along with behavioral robustness to process variation.
GPU Implementation of Pairwise Gaussian Mixture Models for Multi-Modal Gene Co-Expression Networks

Gene co-expression networks (GCNs) are widely used in bioinformatics research to perform system-level analyses of organisms based on the pairwise correlation between all expressed genes. For large datasets which contain samples from multiple sources, gene pairs can exhibit multiple modes of co-expression which confound typical correlation approaches. A clustering method such as Gaussian Mixture Models (GMMs) may be used to separate the modes of each gene pair in an unsupervised manner, prior to computing the correlation of each mode. However, pairwise clustering significantly increases the computational cost of constructing a GCN, as several clustering models must be evaluated for each gene pair, and the number of gene pairs grows rapidly with the number of genes. In this paper, we present a heterogeneous, high-throughput multi-CPU/GPU software package for multi-modal GCN construction, implemented in version 3 of the Knowledge Independent Network Construction (KINC) software. We determine the optimal values for several execution parameters of the GPU implementation, and we benchmark our CPU and GPU implementations for up to 8 CPUs/GPUs. Our GPU implementation achieves a 167 $\times$ speedup over the corresponding CPU implementation, as well as a 500 $\times$ speedup over KINCv1.
Chapter 25 – Plasmodium knowlesi

Plasmodium knowlesi is a malaria parasite that is found in nature in long-tailed and pig-tailed macaques. Naturally acquired human infections were thought to be extremely rare until a large focus of human infections was reported in 2004 in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo. Human infections have since been described throughout South-East Asia, and P. knowlesi is now recognized as the fifth species of Plasmodium causing malaria in humans. The molecular, entomological, and epidemiological data indicate that human infections with P. knowlesi are not newly emergent and that knowlesi malaria is primarily a zoonosis. Human infections were undiagnosed until molecular detection methods that could distinguish P. knowlesi from the morphologically similar human malaria parasite P. malariae became available. P. knowlesi infections cause a spectrum of diseases and are potentially fatal, but if detected early enough, infections in humans are readily treatable. In this review on knowlesi malaria, we describe the early studies on P. knowlesi and focus on the epidemiology, diagnosis, clinical aspects, and treatment of knowlesi malaria.
A Data-Driven Investigation and Estimation of Optimal Topologies under Variable Loading Configurations

We explore the feasibility and performance of a data-driven approach to topology optimization problems involving structural mechanics. Our approach takes as input a set of images representing optimal 2-D topologies, each resulting from a random loading configuration applied to a common boundary support condition. These images represented in a high dimensional feature space are projected into a lower dimensional space using component analysis. Using the resulting components, a mapping between the loading configurations and the optimal topologies is learned. From this mapping, we estimate the optimal topologies for novel loading configurations. The results indicate that when there is an underlying structure in the set of existing solutions, the proposed method can successfully predict the optimal topologies in novel loading configurations. In addition, the topologies predicted by the proposed method can be used as effective initial conditions for conventional topology optimization routines, resulting in substantial performance gains. We discuss the advantages and limitations of the presented approach and show its performance on a number of examples.
Patient-reported gastrointestinal outcomes in patients with anal cancer.

4055Background: Among patients with anal cancer, chemoradiotherapy tends to offer an excellent prognosis but is often associated with undesirable toxicities that diminish quality of life. We sought...
Testosterone-Secreting Ovarian Tumor: A Rare Cause of Erythrocytosis and Pulmonary Embolus.

Abstract Objective To raise awareness of the clinical presentation of a testosterone-secreting steroid cell tumor, not otherwise specified, causing pulmonary embolus (PE) and erythrocytosis. Methods Report of the first known case of ovarian steroid cell tumor not otherwise specified leading to PE. Results A 67-year-old Caucasian postmenopausal woman was referred for endocrine evaluation of a 1-year history of hirsutism, weight gain, and elevated total testosterone level of 672 ng/dL (normal, Conclusions PE and erythrocytosis can be presentations of a testosterone-secreting ovarian tumor, not otherwise specified. This case is the first known presentation of an ovarian steroid cell tumor, not otherwise specified, leading to PE and erythrocytosis.
Evaluating net benefits of electricity generating technologies

Typically, the Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) has been used to compare different electricity generation technologies. As LCOE does not account for intermittency and reliability, the updated net benefits methodology has been used. For various electricity generation technologies, with the use of the updated net benefits methodology, the net benefits of avoided emissions benefits, avoided energy cost benefits, avoided capacity cost benefits, energy costs, capacity costs and other costs at a per MW per year basis have been calculated. The results showed that nuclear generation had the highest net benefits in all of the scenarios considered. The net benefits of solar and wind generation increase when high coal and natural gas fuel price and with technological improvement which would increase the capacity factor and decrease the capital costs. Renewable and nuclear generation sources should play a significant role in the future electricity generation mix.
Preliminary observations of nivation processes, Cathedral Massif, Northwestern British Columbia, Canada

Nivation, the suite of weathering and transportation processes attributed to late-lying snowpatches, is linked to the formation of cryoplanation terraces (CTs). CTs resemble giant staircases arrang...
Early-Stage Term Sheets

This note was written as an updated version of "The Early-Stage Term Sheet" (UVA-F-1444) and may be used in its place.In seeking funding for an early-stage company, the entrepreneur and investor will confront choices about the amount, terms, and conditions of the financing. These terms are usually set forth in a term sheet that contains a host of provisions designed to protect the value of an investor's capital. These terms define the investor's rights as a holder of a senior security to common stock and are designed to secure the investor's ownership position, provide the right to monitor and control important company decisions, and facilitate exit from the investment. The note focuses on a few key aspects of these terms—antidilution, liquidation preference, dividends, control rights, and redemption—all of which are widely regarded by practitioners as having the greatest ability to affect the economic returns for the parties involved in an early-stage investment. Although not meant to be exhaustive, the examples offer a perspective on how a term can be worded in order to confer differential rights between the parties. Excerpt UVA-F-1730 Rev. Oct. 8, 2018 Early-Stage Term Sheets In seeking funding for an early-stage company, the entrepreneur and investor will confront choices about not only the amount, but also the terms and conditions, of the financing. These terms are usually set forth in a term sheet that contains a host of provisions designed—in varying degrees—to protect the value of an investor's capital. These terms define the investor's rights as a holder of a senior security to common stock and are designed to secure the investor's ownership position, provide the right to monitor and control important company decisions, and facilitate exit from the investment. The note focuses on a few key aspects of these terms—antidilution (AD), liquidation preference, dividends, control rights, and redemption—all of which are widely regarded by practitioners as having the greatest ability to affect the economic returns for the parties involved in an early-stage investment. Although in any given transaction a particular issue could arise that would require terms other than those covered here, most early-stage investments require a basic understanding of these terms because they cover rights relating to the preservation of capital and the size of the potential returns. These rights will be of concern to both entrepreneurs and investors in all early-stage deals. At the end of the discussion of each term, a chart highlights how these terms can be structured through the negotiating process to fall on a spectrum between investor-friendly terms and entrepreneur-friendly terms. Although not meant to be exhaustive, the examples offer a perspective on how a term can be worded in order to confer differential rights between the parties. Types of Securities . . .
Iba1+ cell density and morphology classification at postnatal day 10 in four hippocampal subregions of female and male C57BL/6J mice

ABSTRACT Microglia maintain normal brain function and support the brain’s response to disease and injury. The hippocampus is an area of focus for microglial study due to its central role in numerous behavioral and cognitive functions. Interestingly, microglia and related cells in the hippocampus and throughout the brain are distinct in male vs. female rodents, even in early life. Indeed, postnatal day (P)-dependent sex differences in number, density, and morphology of microglia-like cells have been reported in certain hippocampal subregions. For example, P3 female mice have more phagocytic microglia in dentate gyrus (DG) molecular layer (Mol) and CA1-3 stratum oriens (SO) regions vs. male mice, while P8 — but not P15 — male rats have more volume immunoreactive for markers of microglia-like cells (Iba1 and CD68) in the CA1 stratum radiatum (SR) vs. female rats. In the mouse, P10 is roughly equivalent to human term gestation, making it a common timepoint to study for many translationally-relevant neurobiological processes. However, sex differences in hippocampal microglia have not been examined in the P10 mouse hippocampus. In addition, key subregions of the hippocampus — CA3 SR, DG hilus — have not yet been assessed for sex differences in microglia. To address these knowledge gaps, we quantified Iba1+ cell densities and classified Iba1+ cell morphology in P10 male and female C57BL/6J mice. Four subregions in the bilateral anterior hippocampus were analyzed in 40-micrometer coronal sections: DG Mol (Mol), DG Hilus, CA1 SR and stratum lacunosum moleculare (CA1), and CA3 SR and stratum lucidum (CA3). Light microscope images (40x) were analyzed offline for Iba1+ cell density and morphology by an observer blind to sex. The morphology of each Iba1+ cell was used to place cells into one of four previously-published categories: Round or ameboid (round-ish soma, no processes), Stout (round-ish soma, short process), Thick (irregular soma with few, thick processes), or Thin (irregular soma with multiple thin processes). Analysis of Iba1+ cell density shows no difference between male and female mice in Mol, Hilus, CA3, or CA1 (male n=6, female n=7). However, morphology classification shows a sex-dependent difference in the Mol and Hilus, with female mice having a greater percentage of Thick Iba1+ cells vs. male mice (Mol, Hilus), and a lower percentage of Thin Iba1+ cells vs. male mice (Mol). With our analysis, it is unclear whether this greater percentage of thick and lower percentage of thin Iba1+ cells in the female vs. male hippocampus means Iba1+ microglia in female mice are ‘younger’ or ‘more active’ than those in male mice. However, these data are important as they reveal sex differences in Iba1+ microglia in the P10 mouse hippocampus. We discuss these results in the context of the large literature on sex differences in rodent microglia in the early postnatal period.
Towards sustainable additive manufacturing: The need for awareness of particle and vapor releases during polymer recycling, making filament, and fused filament fabrication 3-D printing

Abstract Fused filament fabrication three-dimensional (FFF 3-D) printing is thought to be environmentally sustainable; however, significant amounts of waste can be generated from this technology. One way to improve its sustainability is via distributed recycling of plastics in homes, schools, and libraries to create feedstock filament for printing. Risks from exposures incurred during recycling and reuse of plastics has not been incorporated into life cycle assessments. This study characterized contaminant releases from virgin (unextruded) and recycled plastics from filament production through FFF 3-D printing. Waste polylactic acid (PLA) and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastics were recycled to create filament; virgin PLA, ABS, high and low density polyethylenes, high impact polystyrene, and polypropylene pellets were also extruded into filament. The release of particles and chemicals into school classrooms was evaluated using standard industrial hygiene methodologies. All tasks released particles that contained hazardous metals (e.g., manganese) and with size capable of depositing in the gas exchange region of the lung, i.e., granulation of waste PLA and ABS (667 to 714 nm) and filament making (608 to 711 nm) and FFF 3-D printing (616 to 731 nm) with waste and virgin plastics. All tasks released vapors, including respiratory irritants and potential carcinogens (benzene and formaldehyde), mucus membrane irritants (acetone, xylenes, ethylbenzene, and methyl methacrylate), and asthmagens (styrene, multiple carbonyl compounds). These data are useful for incorporating risks of exposure to hazardous contaminants in future life cycle evaluations to demonstrate the sustainability and circular economy potential of FFF 3-D printing in distributed spaces.
Development of Radioresistant CAR T Cells for Solid Tumor Therapeutics.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Chimeric antigen receptor T-cells (CAR-T) targeting CD19 have shown remarkable antitumor activity in relapsed/refractory hematological malignancies, but limited efficacy in solid tumors. Ionizing radiation can debulk tumors, thereby increasing CAR T cell penetration, and sensitize tumor cells to CAR-mediated killing. Thus, implementing CAR therapy within current RT regimens may further increase local and systemic tumor responses in patients. However, lymphocytes are highly radiosensitive, which can inhibit the use of radiation in conjunction with CAR T cell therapy. To circumvent this problem, we designed CAR T cells that when activated are more highly radioresistant. MATERIALS/METHODS EphA2-specitifc human CAR T cells were developed using a EphA2 scFv and CD28.ζ signaling domains (EphA2 CAR). These CAR T cells were further modified to include CAR signaling response elements upstream of the superoxide dismutase 2 gene (EphA2-SOD2 CAR), which neutralizes superoxide radicals. When EphA2-SOD2 CAR T cells are activated, they overexpress SOD2. CAR T cells were generated from healthy donors, cocultured with EphA2+ tumor cells for 3 days, treated with increasing doses of ionizing radiation (0-8 Gy), and compared in functional assay to measure the radiation sensitivity, specificity, and effector function of EphA2- and EphA2-SOD2 CAR T cells in vitro. RESULTS At each dose of ionizing radiation, the surviving fraction of T lymphocytes was higher in the EphA2-SOD2 CAR T cells relative to the EphA2 CAR T cells. We performed cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) assays in which EphA2+ H&N tumor cells that constitutively express firefly luciferase were cocultured for 24 hours with varying ratios of each CAR T cell. In the presence of survival cytokines, EphA2 CAR T cells and EphA2-SOD2 CAR T displayed similar killing capacity at different effector CAR T to tumor (E:T) ratios. However, in the absence of added survival cytokines, EphA2-SOD2 CAR T cells produced higher levels of tumor cell killing at each E:T ratio. EPhA2-SOD2 CAR T were unable to kill EphA2 knockout H&N tumor cells, demonstrating that EphA2-SOD2 CAR T cells specifically target EphA2+ tumor. CONCLUSION EphA2-SOD2 CAR T are more radioresistant and exhibit higher killing capacity relative to standard CAR T cells. Radioresistant CAR T cells have promise and may further enhance the clinical utility of CAR T cells.
Evidence for an nπ−π− enhancement at a mass of 1.627 GeV/c2 in K−d→psπ+π−π−nKo at 4.91 GeV/c

Abstract We present evidence for an enhancement in the nπ − π − invariant mass distribution at (1.627 ± 0.012) GeV/ c 2 with its full width at half maximum less than 0.030 GeV/ c 2 at the 90 per cent confidence level. Charge independence implies its isospin is 5 2 .
How Does the Brain Organize Memories

[ Howard Eichenbaum ][1] In this issue of Science , [ Vargha-Khadem et al .][2] report that three patients who had very specific loss of their hippocampi within the first few years of life showed a severe loss of episodic memory (our record of personal events), but that their semantic memory (our lifetime accumulation of universal factual knowledge) was intact. In his Perspective, Eichenbaum explains what these results mean for the classification of different types of memory and their correspondence with distinct regions of the brain. He outlines the emerging notion of the hippocampus as the area that facilitates associations of memories from different perceptual modalities (a face with a particular voice, for example). [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org#affiliation [2]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/short/277/5324/376
Through-bond vs through-space interactions

Abstract The solvolysis technique is suggested as an investigational tool for the possible opposing effects of through-bond and through-space orbital interactions. Existing data indicate, however, that such effects are negligible. A rationalization of the results is presented.
Late-onset acid maltase deficiency: Biochemical studies of leukocytes

Abstract The activities of acid and neutral maltase were measured in lymphocytes, granulocytes, and platelets isolated from controls and from 5 patients with late-onset acid maltase deficiency (AMD). Lymphocytes from patients had markedly decreased activity of acid maltase and elevated neutral acid ratios. In granulocytes, acid maltase was also lower than in controls, but significant activity was retained at pH 4: neutral acid ratios were consistently elevated. Normal platelets had low acid and high neutral maltase activities: both enzyme activities varied within wide ranges and patients could not be distinguished from controls. The variable proportion of different cell types in unfractionated leukocyte preparations may yield unreliable values when used for detection of AMD. However, lymphocytes isolated from 20 ml of blood provide a readily accessible and reliable source of tissue for accurate diagnosis.
Beyond the x-K relations

Explicit formulae are given for all off-diagonal 1–1 and 2–2 resonance terms in the vibrational hamiltonian following the first contact transformation. Such formulae are needed to test the quantitative accuracy of the generalized x-K relation recently published by Della Valle. These formulae are used in a test calculation for linear HCN and DCN and are found only modestly to improve the predicted energy levels for the former, but dramatically improve those of the latter.
Oil Spills and Futures Prices of Crude Oil and Gasoline: An Examination of the Effect of Precautionary Demand

Crude oil is one of the world’s most important goods. It is used everywhere in the world daily and has many uses, the most common use being gasoline. In the short run, the supply of oil is inelastic; oil rigs can only produce so many barrels of oil per day, and companies will not be able to construct new rigs or implement new machinery. The demand for oil is also fairly price inelastic; consumers will consume large amounts of oil even at high prices due to its high necessity. Because of this high necessity and the inelasticity of demand and supply, it is important to understand the way different short and long run supply and demand shocks affect the market for both crude oil and gasoline, either within the examination of supply or demand. This article is available in The Park Place Economist: http://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/parkplace/vol19/iss1/9
Nonlinear sliding manifolds in nonlinear output tracking problem

Nonlinear output tracking in MIMO systems with unmatched nonlinearities and disturbances is addressed by methods of the sliding mode control. The nonlinear transformation of the coordinates of the initial system has been developed to change the system to a convenient form. The conventional and dynamic sliding manifolds have been designed to provide the desired linear output tracking.
Advances in tissue engineering.

The clinical goals of tissue engineering are to restore, repair, or replace damaged or lost tissues in the body. Significant progress has been made in recent years, which includes the use of cells or polymer scaffolds as well as combinations of cells and polymers for engineering three-dimensional tissue constructs. However, major challenges still need to be addressed in order for these studies to progress into their clinical applications. The challenges include (1) developing functional polymers, (2) exploring more sources of human cells, and (3) finding ways to keep the engineered construct viable in vitro and in vivo. In addition to clinical applications, tissue engineering can provide new tools for studying cell and developmental biology by providing approaches for cell and tissue growth in three-dimensional environments. In this review we describe recent attempts in addressing some of the challenges of tissue engineering and discuss how such approaches may provide new insights into regulation of cell growth and differentiation.
Genetic analysis workshop III: Two‐point linkage analysis on pedigrees, nuclear families, and sibships

Two-point linkage analyses yielded correct identification of linkage groups and good estimates of recombination frequencies in both males and females. Additional analyses compared various family structures for the total number of typed individuals necessary to detect linkage. Results suggest that for codominant markers with moderate recombination frequency, pedigrees may not provide substantial savings over nuclear families.
Spin polarized photons and dileptons from axially charged plasma

Axial charge in a QCD plasma is P- and CP-odd. We propose and study Pand CP-odd observables in photon and di-lepton emissions from an axially charged QCD plasma, which may provide possible experimental evidences of axial charge uctuation and triangle anomaly in the plasma created in heavy-ion collisions. Our observables measure spin alignments of the emitted photons and di-leptons, and are shown to be related to the imaginary part of chiral magnetic conductivity at
A Multiprotocol Communication Support for the Global Address Space Programming Model on the IBM SP

The paper describes an efficient communication support for the global address space programming model on the IBM SP, a commercial example of the SMP (symmetric multi-processor) clusters. Our approach integrates shared memory with active messages, threads and remote memory copy between nodes. The shared memory operations offer substantial performance improvement over LAPI, IBM one-sided communication library, within an SMP node. Based on the experiments with the SPLASH-2 LU benchmark and a molecular dynamics simulation, our multiprotocol support for the global address space is found to improve performance and scalability of applications. This approach could also be used in optimizing the MPI-2 one-sided communication on the SMP clusters.
Neuronal and astrocyte expression of nicotinic receptor subunit β4 in the adult mouse brain

Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) expression and function are customized in different brain regions through assembling receptors from closely related but genetically distinct subunits. Immunohistochemical analysis of one of these subunits, nAChRβ4, in the mouse brain suggests an extensive and potentially diverse role for this subunit in both excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission. Prominent immunostaining included: 1) the medial habenula, efferents composing the fasciculus retroflexus, and the interpeduncular nucleus; 2) nuclei and ascending tracts of the auditory system inclusive of the medial geniculate; 3) the sensory cortex barrel field and cell bodies of the ventral thalamic nucleus; 4) olfactory-associated structures and the piriform cortex; and 5) sensory and motor trigeminal nuclei. In the hippocampus, nAChRβ4 staining was limited to dendrites and soma of a subset of glutamic acid dehydrogenase-positive neurons. In C57BL/6 mice, but to a lesser extent in C3H/J, CBA/J, or CF1 mice, a subpopulation of astrocytes in the hippocampal CA1 region prominently expressed nAChRβ4 (and nAChRα4). Collectively, these results suggest that the unique functional and pharmacological properties exerted by nAChRβ4 on nAChR function could modify and specialize the development of strain-specific sensory and hippocampal-related characteristics of nicotine sensitivity including the development of tolerance. J. Comp. Neurol. 468:322–333, 2004. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
POLARIZATION FILTER FOR BIOMEDICAL TISSUE OPTICAL IMAGING

A technique based on the degree that light is depolarized when propagating inside tissues is demonstrated for optical imaging in biomedical systems. The difference in the degree of polarization of the emerging light allows for the discrimination of different types of tissues. The technique was investigated in the transillumination and back-scattering geometry and in both cases the potential of this method to image and separate out different types of tissues is demonstrated.
Risk factors for hypertension in children: their relationship to psychophysiological responses.

Abstract The relationships between family history, blood pressure levels, and physiological responses to stress were studied. Children with and without hypertensive parents were ranked on resting systolic blood pressure levels and all groups were compared on blood pressure, heart rate and skin conductance during an unsignalled reaction time task and a word-game task. The results indicated that children at risk for the development of hypertension showed physiological responses to stress similar to those seen in adults with essential hypertension. Children were also tested for the coronaru-prone behavior pattern and no relationship was found between Type A classification and risk factors for hypertension.
Testing time-predictable earthquake recurrence by direct measurement of strain accumulation and release

Probabilistic estimates of earthquake hazard use various models for the temporal distribution of earthquakes, including the 'time-predictable' recurrence model formulated by Shimazaki and Nakata (which incorporates the concept of elastic rebound described as early as 1910 by H. F. Reid). This model states that an earthquake occurs when the fault recovers the stress relieved in the most recent earthquake. Unlike time-independent models (for example, Poisson probability), the time-predictable model is thought to encompass some of the physics behind the earthquake cycle, in that earthquake probability increases with time. The time-predictable model is therefore often preferred when adequate data are available, and it is incorporated in hazard predictions for many earthquake-prone regions, including northern California, southern California, New Zealand and Japan. Here we show that the model fails in what should be an ideal locale for its application -- Parkfield, California. We estimate rigorous bounds on the predicted recurrence time of the magnitude approximately 6 1966 Parkfield earthquake through inversion of geodetic measurements and we show that, according to the time-predictable model, another earthquake should have occurred by 1987. The model's poor performance in a relatively simple tectonic setting does not bode well for its successful application to the many areas of the world characterized by complex fault interactions.
The Effect of Late Preterm Birth on Survival of Infants with Major Congenital Heart Defects

Aim: We evaluated the effect of late preterm delivery on hospital mortality of newborn infants with major congenital heart defects (CHD).
Insulating Characteristics of Dimethyl Silicone in Bare and Insulated Uniform Field Gaps

Impulse and sixty-hertz breakdown tests were conducted on stationary and circulating 50 centistoke dimethyl silicone using bare and insulated uinform field elect-rodes. The electrode insulation materials used were polyamide paper, and Kraft paper thermally upgraded with dicyandiamide. The test results show that insulating the electrodes, significantly increases the sixty-hertz and impulse dielectric strengths of silicone. Under most conditions, the uniform field insulating characteristics of dimethyl silicone are comparable to those of conventional transformer oils; however, the bare electrode sixty-hertz strength of silicone is approximately 20% lower than that of transformer oil.
Recognizing the most influential CS education papers

This special session is devoted to identifying the CS education papers of the 20th century that have had the greatest influence on our practice of CS education today. The point is not primarily to produce the list of papers; rather it is to derive criteria, principles, and practices for identifying valuable contributions to CS education. This will provide a basis for establishing of awards or other recognition for influential contributions to CS education; it may also clarify the criteria for reviewing all papers. Invited participants will identify influential papers and their criteria for selecting them; the audience will also be encouraged to nominate papers and propose selection criteria. The results of this session will be communicated to the SIGCSE leadership, who will decide whether, and how, to implement any actual awards.
Bioaccumulation of pentachlorophenol by killifish ( )

Abstract Killifish ( Fundulus similis ) were exposed in the laboratory to pentachlorophenol (PCP) at concentrations of 57 to 610 μg PCP/L. Bioaccumulation reached a plateau value of about 53 by 168 hrs and remained at this level for at least 72 hrs. One-half the plateau value was reached in about 25 hrs. Following exposure, fish placed in PCP-free aquaria lost PCP rather slowly ( t 1 2 ∼ 4.7 days ). The depuration data were suggestive of a pool of PCP which was lost more rapidly ( t 1 2 ∼ 4.2 hrs ). The results of this study are compared to similar studies in other species. The bioaccumulation factors measured in this study agree relatively well with those in other marine species, but are lower than reported for fresh water species. Possible reasons for this difference are discussed.
The Penn School’s Educational Curriculum: Its Effects on the St. Helena Songs

The Negro spiritual was the central medium by which slaves expressed the suffering of an inhuman existence. Since Reconstruction, the Sea Islands region, comprised of the North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia coastal areas, offered a geographical isolation that fostered songs with a cultural distinctiveness as part of the Gullah tradition. Saint Helena Island, one of the largest of the Sea Islands, provided the earliest written sources of Negro spirituals that were transcribed by white missionaries intrigued by the strange songs emanating from the newly freed slaves. In 1862, two of these missionaries, Laura Towne and Ellen Murray, founded the Penn Normal, Industrial, and Agricultural School, one of the first schools for freed slaves in the South, and for 40 years these committed women endeavored to educate the Negro inhabitants through a Northern curriculum that effectively improved the literacy of students. Yet the school’s cultural bias was equally effective in destroying much of the language and music of its students. Specifically, I will discuss Penn School’s educational and music curricula and the unfortunate linguistic, textual, and melodic losses that resulted from the school’s practices.
Applications of the finite element method to modeling the atmospheric boundary layer

Abstract The finite element method is used to describe the detailed properties of the atmospheric boundary layer by use of a high-resolution model and its bulk properties by use of a simple vertically integrated model. Features of the finite element method that can be exploited for applications to the atmospheric boundary layer include the capability to use different basis functions in different parts of the domain, ability to grid over irregular terrain, ease of using time-dependent basis functions and the natural way that surface boundary conditions and vertically integrated properties enter the model.
Principal Instrumentation for Modern Automated Liquid Chromatography.

Abstract The first “high-performance” liquid chromatography (LC) was begun about 20 years ago, spurred strongly on by the availability of improved equipment (reviewed through 1975 by Veedning).1 Many of the more recent generations of chromatographers are not aware of the instrumentation or the important innovations that led to the evolution of the highly automated instruments of today. Consequently, this review includes some earlier discontined instrumentation that were milestones leading to the more recent developments. Each section begins with earlier instrumentation and discusses the importance of these innovations. Consequently, most recent instrumentation will be found near the end of each section. As each instrument in described, the important new features over earlier instruments will be emphasized, perspective as to why these new features are important will be given, and, finally, the limitations of the instrument in noted.
Improving chemical industry performance through enhanced railcar utilization

Purpose – The chemical industry is struggling to improve its supply chain performance, and improved asset utilization may help get the industry headed in the right direction. Since most chemical firms own or lease their rail fleets, rail utilization can have a substantial impact on overall asset utilization. The paper aims to focus on current managerial processes and situational factors that impact railcar asset performance.Design/methodology/approach – Rail car cycle data are analyzed, focusing on major sources of variation in transit inventory as railcars move from plant to customer and back.Findings – Findings include the importance of establishing and adhering to policies regarding supply chain practices; substantial differences exist between hopper and tank car performance; distance is not a major predictor of total cycle time variance; and vendor‐managed inventory relationships can operate with less customer inventory.Research limitations/implications – This paper addresses only one component of sup...
A retino-pulvinar projection in the cat

Summary Injections of tritiated amino acids were made in one eye of Siamese and common cats including young kittens. After survical periods of 1–7 days axoplasmically transported label accumulated in a portion of the pulvinar nucleus as well as in the other known sites of termination of the retinofugal pathway. The retino-pulvinar projection is present at birth; it is bilateral and approximately symmetrical in common cats but the ipsilateral component is markedly reduced in Siamese animals. Labeled terminal ramifications of the retinal fibers in the pulvinar take the form of a thin, interrupted sheet oriented dorsoventrally and lying at the extreme lateral edge of the pulvinar nucleus. It appears to be continuous caudally with themedial interlaminar nucleus of the lateral geniculate complex, but the cells about which the grains cluster are clearly different from those of the medial interlaminar nucleus.
Theory of Two-Dimensional Anisotropic Turbulence

Abstract Utilizing an abridged version of the test field model, we examine the relaxation of two-dimensional homogeneous turbulence back to its isotropic state. Our procedure is to represent the departure from isotropy in terms of an angular Fourier series and to derive equations governing the temporal relaxation of higher angular harmonics from the test field model. The resulting equations for the anisotropic part of the Reynolds stress tensor are linearized, and examined in some detail both analytically, and for a simple atmospheric spectrum with an enstrophy inertial-range, numerically. It is found that the relaxation back to isotropy is very non-local in wavenumber space, a result seemingly in counter-distinction to three-dimensional turbulence for which the relaxation is supposedly local. The difference is explained by the importance in two-dimensional flows of direct straining of small scales by large scales. Some preliminary direct spectral numerical simulation data in support of these ideas are al...
Gap tolerance allowance and robotic operational window for friction stir butt welding of AA6061

Abstract In this work, it was determined that with increasing weld pitch, the occurrence of a “lazy S” defect in the weld nugget of friction stir welded (FSWed) AA6061 became increasingly pronounced, though its impact on the bend performance of the weld was negligible. For a fixed weld pitch of 0.48, the effect of gap, i.e. the spacing between two sheets at the butt joint interface, on the joint quality of AA6061 was evaluated in terms of the welding defects, microstructure, hardness and bend performance. Fully penetrated welds without metallurgical defects such as wormholes were obtained up to a joint gap of 0.5 mm. Though the overall microhardness and bend performance of the welds remained unaffected until a joint gap of 0.8 mm, the decrease in the forge force during FSW beyond a joint gap value of 0.5 mm may represent a more critical limit in regards to the industrial application of the process; this is especially important when applying force control during processing to ensure a constant shoulder penetration in the material for addressing practical considerations, such as thickness variations in the assembly, clamping distortions and tool wear. Based on these results and using force amplitudes recorded during the welding experiments, a robotic scenario was synthesized with an appropriate operational window for continuous-path friction stir butt welding (FSBW) of 3.18-mm-thick sheets clamped to a 1 m × 1 m horizontal welding table. An appropriate industrial robot model was selected and the associated geometric workcell layout was developed for this application. This scenario was implemented in a physical prototype and used to successfully produce 1-m-long FSWed assemblies that exhibited good tensile mechanical performance.
Severe Slowly Resolving Heroin-Induced Pulmonary Edema

Severe heroin-induced pulmonary edema occurred in three previously healthy young men. Adequate arterial P02 could only be achieved with the use of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). Recovery was characterized by the gradual clearing of the pulmonary infiltrates and a gradual lessening of the severe restrictive ventilatory defects over many weeks. Concomitant aspiration of gastric acid was thought to be the explanation for the severity of these cases. In cases such as these, initial vigorous therapy, including PEEP for hypoxia, corticosteroids for possible aspiration and volume replacement for hypotension, is recommended.
Comment on "Convergent validity of the Collett-Lester Fear of Death and Templer Death Anxiety Scales in Egyptian male college students"

Correlations for scores on Templer's Death Anxiety Scale and the Collett-Lester Fear of Death Scale indicate a lack of validity for Templer's scale.
Distribution and host plant associations of Taeniothrips inconsequens (Thysanoptera: Thripidae).

The distribution and host plant associations of the pear thrips, Taeniothrips inconsequens (Uzel), were determined from published and unpublished data. T. inconsequens is found throughout Europe and much of North America as well as in some countries of Asia and South America; there is one record from North Africa. It is generally considered that T. inconseqyens is native to Europe, but we present good evidence to suggest that Asia is its area of origin. Breeding hosts for T. inconsequens were identified from 35 species, 17 genera and 12 families, with incidental records from at least 207 species, 138 genera and 54 families. Breeding hosts were mainly from the Rosaceae (5 genera, 16 species) and Aceraceae (1, 7) but also members of other plant families. Incidental collections were mostly from the Rosaceae (15 genera, 36 species) but also members of a wide range of plant families including the Compositae (10, 12), the Leguminosae (10, 11) and the Aceraceae (1, 9). Reports of economic damage to orchard and forest trees are listed. There is no evidence to suggest that recent outbreaks of T. inconsequens in northeastern hardwood forests of the United States and adjacent areas of Canada can be explained by recent changes in host plant preference.
Inflation of Long Valley Caldera, California, Basin and Range Strain, and possible mono craters dike opening from 1990–94 GPS surveys

Five years of annual Global Positioning System (GPS) surveys of a network centered on Long Valley, California, constrain displacement rates for these stations relative to a central station in the network. These observations are consistent with recent models of resurgent dome inflation in Long Valley (Langbein et al., 1995) and have sufficient signal to detect the presence of Basin and Range strain in the Long Valley region. The data also allow for the possibility of dike inflation beneath the Mono Craters; dike intrusion is consistent with the Mono Craters' recent geologic history of ash eruptions, with seismic tomography, leveling data, and geologic studies of these volcanic domes and flows.