cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Generic Vapor heat treatments to control Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae)

Abstract Vapor heat treatments were developed against life stages of the mealybug Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae). Treatments tested were 47°C for 5–50 min in 5-min increments and 49°C for 3, 5, 8, 10, and 12 min. All tests were conducted with mixed age M. hirsutus on Chinese pea, Pisum sativum L. Treatment at 47°C required 45 min to kill all M. hirsutus, whereas treatment at 49°C required 10 min. The adult female and nymphal stages were the most heat tolerant at 47°C, but the egg stage was the most heat tolerant at 49°C. Use of the vapor heat treatments on other commodities will require achieving or exceeding the proper temperature and duration at all locations on the host where M. hirsutus may reside.
O-acetylation of GD3: an enigmatic modification regulating apoptosis?

Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are amphipathic molecules with a polar glycan chain as a head group and a hydrophobic sphingosine-containing ceramide tail, which is typically embedded in the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane ([1][1]). GSLs are no longer thought to be mere physical components of the
Predictors of Short-Term Outcome in People With a Clinical Diagnosis of Cervical Radiculopathy

Background and Purpose: The purpose of this prospective cohort study was to identify whether variables from the baseline examination or physical therapy interventions received could predict clinical outcomes for people with cervical radiculopathy. Subjects and Methods: A total of 96 consecutive patients referred for physical therapy for cervical radiculopathy were the sources of data for this study. All subjects underwent a standardized examination and completed the Neck Disability Index (NDI), the Patient-Specific Functional Scale (PSFS), and the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) at baseline and at discharge. The subjects were treated according to the discretion of the individual therapists. At the time of discharge, the subjects completed the Global Rating of Change as well. Subjects surpassing the minimal clinically important change for all 4 outcome tools were categorized as achieving short-term success. Individual variables from the examination and interventions provided were tested for univariate relationships with outcomes. Variables with a significance level of less than .10 were retained as potential predictor variables and were entered into a stepwise logistic regression model to determine the most accurate set of variables for predicting outcomes. Results: The pretest probability for the likelihood of short-term (28-day follow-up) success was 53%. A 4-variable model optimally identified subjects who were most likely to achieve success with physical therapy interventions (age of <54 years; dominant arm is not affected; looking down does not worsen symptoms; and multimodal treatment including manual therapy, cervical traction, and deep neck flexor muscle strengthening for at least 50% of visits). When 3 of these 4 variables were present, the positive likelihood ratio (+LR) was 5.2 (95% confidence interval [CI]=2.4, 11.3), and the posttest probability of success was 85%. When all 4 variables were present, the +LR was 8.3 (95% CI=1.9, 63.9), and the posttest probability of success was 90%. Discussion and Conclusion: These results suggest that a subset of predictor variables can accurately identify which people with cervical radiculopathy are likely to experience short-term successful outcomes. The study design did not allow for the identification of a cause-and-effect relationship, but it appears that intermittent cervical traction, manual therapy, and deep neck flexor muscle strengthening may be beneficial in the management of cervical radiculopathy. Future research is needed to substantiate these findings.
Data extraction from machine-translated versus original language randomized trial reports: a comparative study.

Background Google Translate offers free Web-based translation, but it is unknown whether its translation accuracy is sufficient to use in systematic reviews to mitigate concerns about language bias.
GoMEx-an experimental GIS system for the Gulf of Mexico region using SAR and additional satellite and ancillary data

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) is in the third year of the Alaska SAR Demonstration (AKDEMO), an applications project using RADARSAT-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and derived products. The success of this demonstration in providing near real-time SAR data, derived products, and other ancillary data to federal and state agencies, has motivated the development of a similar experimental multi-sensor data fusion system for the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean region called GoMEx. Unlike the AKDEMO system which focused on near-real time data, this project will begin by using archived data from diverse remote sensing sensors such as RADARSAT-1 SAR, GOES imagers, SeaWiFS, MODIS, AVHRR, scatterometers, as well as data from moored buoy measurements and numerical weather models to study issues and phenomena unique to the region. Other agencies that will contribute and use this system include the National Ocean Service (NOS), Louisiana State University, National Marine Fisheries Service and the University of Maryland. Sample applications of this system are presented including detection of algal blooms, coral reefs off of Belize, oil slicks and rigs off of Louisiana, and fishery applications.
Effects of Parent–Child Relationships on Inmate Behavior A Comparison of Male and Female Inmates

There is very little current information on the nature and extent of contacts between inmate parents and their children. To fill in this gap, it was the purpose of this study to determine how parental contacts with children, in the form of visits, mail, and telephone calls, affected inmate behavior behind bars. A subsample of more than 6,000 inmate parents from a larger sample of state prison inmates in the United States was analyzed. Results showed that inmates who got visits, both males and females, and mail (female inmates only) were more likely to be written up and/or found guilty of rule violations. Policy implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.
THE SUBMICROSCOPIC PROPERTIES OF CYTOPLASM AS A DETERMINANT OF CELLULAR FUNCTION

INTRODUCTION 369, BACKGROUND .. . . .. ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... . . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371 Rheology of Cytoplasm...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ 371 Extracts. and Reconstituted Systems .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372 Electron Microscopy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373 FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY OF LIVING CELLS . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . 374 Fluorescent Analog Cytochemistry..... . . . . . . . . . . .. 374 Ratio Mapping of Ion Concentrations in Cytoplasm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . ....... 377 Mobility of Inert Tracers in Cytoplasm ......... . . . . . . . 378 Diff erential Distribution of Large and Small Tracers in Living Cells. . . . . . .. 384
Re-Examining the Effects and Affects of Electronic Peer Reviews in a First-Year Composition Class.

While many researchers have studied the application of computer-mediated communication (CMC) in peer review activities in L2 composition classes, few have directly compared the effect of asynchronous CMC (ACMC) versus written comments. This paper describes a small-scale project carried out in an ESL composition class to reexamine the effects and affects of asynchronous CMC in L2 students’ peer review processes. 1 Nine students’ responses on four drafts were analyzed. Two drafts were peer-reviewed using Microsoft Word while two others were edited with paper and pen. The in-text comments in both modes resembled each other in number, in area, and in the nature of distribution. Students’ end comments also maintained similar sentence structures, rhetorical styles, and organizational strategies. At the same time, the survey results revealed that students had no overt preference between the modes. The project found that the students gave more peer comments when ACMC was first introduced in the class, but this effect faded quickly. It is therefore suggested that the students’ curiosity regarding this “new experience,” rather than the mode difference, would stimulate higher motivation and greater participation in peer editing situations.
All-optical THz imaging

The technique of terahertz imaging has created potential application in science, industry and medicine. In this article, we describe an all-optical THz imaging system based on the optically rectified THz generation and electro-optic sampling detection. A novel polarization modulation technique introduced in this imaging system has improved the dynamics range. The optimal working position for the electro-optic sampling geometry using the nearly zero optical bias point has been found. The theoretical analyses behind the above techniques are also included. As examples, the THz images of mammographic phantom and the watermarks of several common currencies are presented to demonstrate the possible applications of this THz imaging system.
Determination of sulfate‐sulfur in plant tissue by inductively coupled plasma spectrometry

Abstract A method is described to accurately assess inorganic sulfur concentration in plant tissue by ICP spectrometry using a weak anion exchange resin. The procedure is faster and capable of much higher precision than standard gravimetric analysis. The method was tested using four plant tissues: sugar beet, alfalfa, tomato and prune; which were extracted for sulfate‐sulfur (SO4‐S) with two percent acetic acid. Extracts were passed over a weak anion exchange resin where SO4‐S is bound. The column was washed with 0.1N HCl to remove non‐SO4‐S compounds, SO4‐S was eluted with 1.0N HCl and determined by ICP Spectrometry. Sulfate‐sulfur recovery was assessed using both inorganic and organic sulfur spiking and comparison with gravimetric analysis. Results conclusively show that this procedure effectively isolates SO4‐S on four plant materials ranging from 250–6000 ug/gm SO4‐S. There is minimal recovery from organic sources associated with the extract.
Comparison study of conventional laparoscopic gastric banding versus laparoendoscopic single site gastric banding

Abstract Background Laparoscopic gastric banding is commonly performed using 5–6 abdominal trocars with enlargement of the largest trocar for implantation of the subcutaneous port. The aim of the present study was to compare the outcomes of conventional laparoscopic gastric banding with those of gastric banding performed through a single or duel incision. Methods From April 2008 to May 2009, 23 patients underwent laparoscopic gastric banding through a single, 3.5–4.5-cm incision with implantation of the port through the same incision. The 2 study cohorts were matched for age, gender, and body mass index. The outcome measures included the operative time, blood loss, need for conversion to 5-trocar laparoscopy, and perioperative morbidity. Results Each group included 6 men and 17 women. No significant differences were found between the 2 groups with regard to preoperative body mass index (40 versus 39 kg/m 2 ), operative time, blood loss, or length of hospital stay. Of the 23 patients in the single incision group, 3 (13%) required conversion to conventional 5-trocar laparoscopy. No intraoperative or postoperative complications developed in either group. Conclusion The present results have shown that in a subset of patients with a lower body mass index, adjustable gastric banding performed through a single laparoscopic incision is technically feasible and safe and does not prolong the operative time. The procedure can be performed with mostly existing ports, laparoscopic instrumentation, and visualization platforms. A prospective randomized trial is necessary to determine the clinical advantages of this less-invasive technique.
War and Peace: Simulating Security Decision Making in the Classroom

“ Simulation is an umbrella term that covers some interesting active-learning strategies—including role playing, simulation exercise and games and computer models—that allow students to practice and apply their learning” (Meyers and Jones 1993 , 89; italics in the original). As this quote indicates, educational exercises, simulations give students the chance to apply theory, develop critical skills, and provide a welcome relief from the everyday tasks of reading and preparing for classes. Students “put on the skin” of another person and participate in the learning process. For the social sciences, where there are few absolutes or certainties, students can investigate the major questions of the discipline experientially. Comparison, analysis, and evaluation by students are the natural outcomes of this learning environment (Bain 2004 ; Meyers and Jones 1993 ). Simulations have become increasingly popular in the teaching of social sciences and, when done properly, they are effective. Shifting the focus from the teacher to the student provides more immediate feedback to the student than a lecture and exam some time in the future. Students immersed in the “game world” must actively demonstrate their grasp of the subject. As members of teams, students have increased accountability as well as assistance from their peers in learning (Bain 2004 ; Wheeler 2006 ). In addition to engaging students, simulations make complex theories clearer. Active participation in the knowledge experience, as opposed to being a passive observer, allows students to experiment and build their own knowledge base. A number of studies have shown that this approach increases comprehension, builds critical thinking skills, and improves retention (Asal 2005 ; Krain and Lantis 2006 ).
Renormalization group solution of the Chutes & Ladder model

Abstract We analyze a semi-infinite one-dimensional random walk process with a biased motion that is incremental in one direction and long-range in the other. On a network with a fixed hierarchy of long-range jumps, we find with exact renormalization group calculations that there is a dynamical transition between a localized adsorption phase and an anomalous diffusion phase in which the mean-square displacement exponent depends non-universally on the Bernoulli coin. We relate these results to similar findings of unconventional phase behavior in hierarchical networks.
Addressing the Complexities of Boundary Work in Sustainability Science through Communication

Sustainability science seeks to identify and implement workable solutions to complex problems. This transdisciplinary approach advances a commitment to work across boundaries that occur among individuals, disciplines, and institutions to build capacities for informed and innovative decision making in the face of uncertainty and change. The concept of boundary work and related discussions of boundary objects and organizations are important, expanding focal areas within sustainability science. While communication is described as central to boundary work, insights from the field of communication have largely yet to inform theorizing about boundaries within sustainability science. In this paper, we highlight three communication perspectives, namely media studies, collaboration and partnerships, and systems theories, which are particularly relevant for understanding how boundaries form, the social context in which boundary work occurs, and informed strategies for enhanced boundary spanning and management. We use three case studies to illustrate how communication theories and methods provide dynamic and strategic lenses within transdisciplinary processes to enable collaborators to build capacity for change, sustain critical and reflective inquiry, and approach difference as generative in collective efforts to produce sustainability.
Control of epitaxial growth orientation in YBa2Cu3O7−δ films on vicinal (110) SrTiO3 substrates

Films of Yba2Cu3O7−δ (YBCO) were grown on (001), exact and vicinal (110), and (111) SrTiO3 single crystal substrates by pulsed laser deposition, and evaluated by x-ray diffraction and scanning force microscopy (AFM). It was observed that the YBCO was always epitaxially aligned to the substrate with the [001] (c-axis) parallel to a substrate cube axis direction. For the exact (001), (110), and (111) surfaces, there were one, two, and three orientations, respectively. For the vicinal (110) surfaces, however, there was usually only one discernible c-axis orientation, corresponding to a single {013} film surface orientation. The reduction of the (110) surface twofold symmetry by use of a vicinal substrate thus allowed controlled growth of a YBCO single crystal with an inclined c-axis orientation.
Connective tissue activating peptide III induction of synthesis and secretion of plasminogen activator by synovial fibroblasts

Connective tissue activating peptide I11 (CTAP111) is a platelet factot that induces, in cultured connective tissue cells, activities observed in chronic inflammation. In this study we measured plasminogen activator secretion by synovial fibroblasts after stimulation by CTAP-111. Increased plasminogen activator secretion was observed 24-48 hours after stimulation. Induction was prevented by dexamethasone ( 10-9-10-7M), cycloheximide (1 pg/ml) and, variably, by aetinomycin D (0.3 pglml), but not by cytosine arabinoside (10-4n/i. This is the first evidence that CTAP-I11 induces degradative as well as proliferative activity by connective tissue cells.
The year in cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia: Selected highlights from 2012

Cardiothoracic and vascular critical care has emerged as a subspecialty due to procedural breakthroughs, an aging population, and a multidisciplinary collaboration. This subspecialty now has a dedicated professional society, recently published guidelines, and plans for standardized certification. This paradigm shift represents a major collaboration opportunity for our specialty. The rise of evidence-based perioperative practice has produced a culture of large trials in our specialty to search for solutions to the challenging outcome questions. Besides the growth in the development of evidence, the consensus conference format and postpublication peer review have both emerged as effective processes for identifying the most relevant high-quality evidence. The quest for best perioperative practice has highlighted the importance of teamwork at all phases of care with respect to transitions in care, blood component transfusion, and research misconduct. The emergence of ultrasound as a standard for central vascular access also has been emphasized in recent multisociety guidelines. There also has been a paradigm shift in the management of patients with coronary artery disease. Recent guidelines have emphasized the roles of the cardiac anesthesiologist and the interventional cardiologist as part of the heart team approach. Major recent trials in comparative effectiveness have challenged the advantages of percutaneous coronary intervention, off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery, and intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation. The year 2012 has witnessed the emergence of new paradigms of care in our specialty with the emphasis on teamwork, safety, and quality. These processes will further improve perioperative outcome.
Literate programming and documentation reuse

Object-oriented programming has brought many advantages to the software engineering community. The reuse of existing software components and application frameworks can improve the productivity in software development considerably. The same object-oriented techniques, i.e., inheritance and information hiding, that ease reusing software, can be applied to documentation and thus, enable its reuse. One can document each software component-regardless of what a component is-from scratch. This leads to multiple documentation of features that are multiply reused. One can also describe a component's differences to other components. This seems logical for the systems documentation of object-oriented software. However, as is shown, this kind of reuse can not only be applied to source-code related documentation, but also to documentation, where there is no source code involved at all, e.g., user documentation. We describe the concepts for documentation reuse, how these concepts can be realized with a literate programming tool, and the application of documentation reuse.
The CYP P450 arachidonic acid monooxygenases: from cell signaling to blood pressure regulation.

The studies of the cytochrome P450 (P450) arachidonic acid (AA) monooxygenase, now established as a major pathway for the bioactivation of AA, have uncovered new and important functional roles for this enzyme system in cell and organ physiology, and in the metabolism of endogenous substrate. Past and present advances in P450 biochemistry and molecular biology are beginning to provide a description of the P450 isoform specificity of AA bioactivation, and the mechanisms of action and physiological relevance of the P450 metabolites. Associations between genetically controlled alterations in P450 function, expression, or regulation and functionally meaningful phenotypes point to the critical roles played by the AA monooxygenase in the control of systemic blood pressure and the pathophysiology of hypertension.
ABO‐mismatched transfusions are not over‐represented in febrile non‐haemolytic transfusion reactions to platelets

ABO-mismatched plasma and platelet (PLT) transfusion have been associated with worse outcomes, including haemolysis and other reactions, compared to recipients of ABO-identical products. The immune complexes that form in a mismatched transfusion have been demonstrated to stimulate pyrogenic cytokine release in vitro. Comparing ABO identical vs. ABO mismatched PLT transfusions, we found no significant difference in the ABO compatibilities between the PLT doses implicated in causing febrile non-haemolytic transfusion reactions (FNHTR) in 162 recipients and both the baseline PLT donor/recipient ABO compatibility (P = 0·67) or the PLTs issued in the 30 days preceding the FNHTR (P = 0·92). ABO-mismatched PLT transfusions do not appear to be aetiological agents of FNHTR in a population routinely receiving both ABO-identical and ABO-mismatched transfusions.
Freestanding microscale 3D polymeric structures with biologically-derived shapes and nanoscale features

Microscale polymeric structures with intricate three-dimensional (3D) shapes and nanoscale features were synthesized by using silica-based microshells of diatoms (unicellular algae) as transient scaffolds. Diatom microshells were immersed in dilute solutions of polymer precursors in volatile solvents. After extraction and solvent evaporation, the resulting thin films on the microshells were cross-linked to form rigid polymer coatings. Selective silica dissolution then yielded freestanding polymeric structures that retauned the microshell shapes and fine features. By utilizing bioscaffolds capable of genetically precise and massively parallel replication, enormous numbers of polymeric micro/nanostructures with identical 3D shapes may be generated for various applications.
Meconium obstruction in extremely low-birth-weight neonates: guidelines for diagnosis and management.

Abstract Background Guidelines for diagnosis and therapy of meconium obstruction in extremely low birth weight neonates are still not well established. Methods All low-birth-weight infants presenting with meconium obstruction over a 5-year period were reviewed retrospectively. Patients with meconium plug syndrome or cystic fibrosis were excluded. Results Seven patients were identified. Average birth weight and gestational age were 874 g and 27.7 weeks, respectively. All were products of high-risk pregnancies, and 6 (86%) were delivered by cesarian section. All patients presented with distended abdomens without peritonitis. Abdominal films showed multiple distended intestinal loops without air-fluid levels in all cases. Three patients (43%) had contrast enemas, all showing microcolon. Nonoperative therapy, consisting of rectal irrigations and N -acetylcysteine per orogastric tube, succeeded in 3 patients who were obstructed for less than 10 days and failed in 1 patient obstructed for 12 days. Four patients, all obstructed for more than 10 days, underwent enterotomy and lavage (2), bowel resection and ileostomy (1), and initial peritoneal drainage for perforation followed by bowel resection (1). All patients survived with intact bowel function. Conclusions Extremely low-birth-weight infants with meconium obstruction can be diagnosed based on their typical clinical and plain radiographic characteristics, without need for a contrast enema. Nonoperative treatment is successful early in the course of the obstruction. In the absence of an intestinal complication, simple enterotomy and meconium evacuation effectively treats long-standing obstruction.
Examining Associations of Sexual Attraction and Attitudes on Women's Disordered Eating Behavior.

Objective We aimed to expand the scant research on disordered eating in women identifying same-sex sexual attractions. Method We used multiple linear regressions to explore potential mechanisms driving disordered eating—both explicit and implicit weight bias and heterosexism—in a cross-sectional, online-recruited community sample of women (N = 437). Participants endorsed a range of sexual attractions from exclusively opposite-sex (21.1%) to exclusively same-sex (19.5%) attraction. Results Findings revealed no associations between sexual attraction and disordered eating. Awareness of sociocultural norms valuing thinness accounted for disordered eating for all women, regardless of sexual attraction, and was influenced by attitudes regarding weight. Among women endorsing same-sex attractions, self-reported internalized heterosexism influenced disordered eating. Discussion Findings contradict long-held beliefs that same-sex attracted women are protected from disordered eating. They emphasize a universal risk, for all women, of sociocultural norms valuing thinness, as well as the risk of internalized heterosexism among same-sex attracted women.
The Future History of the Universe

This chapter reviews our current understanding of the long term future of the universe and its constituent astrophysical objects. In particular, we consider the evolution of planets, stars, galaxies, and the universe itself over time scale that greatly exceed the current age of the universe. On the largest scale, the universe is expanding at an accelerating rate, and bound structures such as galaxies and clusters become isolated. Within these objects, we follow the long term development of stars and the stellar remnants, specifically the neutron stars, white dwarfs, and brown dwarfs that is remaining after the end of stellar evolution. After trillions of years, the interstellar gas supply becomes severely depleted, but star formation continues through brown dwarf collisions. On longer time scale, the galaxy gradually loses its stars through an evaporative process. As the galaxy disperses, dark matter particles are accreted by white dwarfs, where they annihilate and provide an important power source for the aging universe. In addition to even longer time scale, the stellar remnants themselves are scheduled to evaporate through the process of proton decay. After white dwarfs and neutron stars have disappeared, the black holes are the only remaining stellar entities. They slowly lose their mass by emitting Hawking radiation. After the largest black holes have evaporated, the universe slowly slides into darkness.
Fragmentation Calculations for Energetic Ions in Candidate Space Radiation Shielding Materials

Calculations have been carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of a range of carbon- and hydrogen-rich materials for shielding against energetic heavy ions relevant to the galactic cosmic ray spectrum. Experimental work integrated with the calculations included both preparation and characterization of physical properties of candidate materials and measurements of fragmentation (breakup) of ion beams of 16 O and 40 Ar in the tens of GeV energy range in these materials. We have simulated the fragmentation experiments using both the HETC-HEDS and PHITS high-energy particle transport codes. The purposes of these computational simulations were to investigate the effectiveness as spacecraft personnel shielding of various novel as well as commercially available materials for future lunar and interplanetary missions and to validate the codes against experimental data. In the present contribution we report results of the fragmentation simulations and compare them with examples of the experimental measurements.
How far is too far? Understanding identity and overconformity in collegiate wrestlers.

AbstractAthletes are expected to distinguish themselves from their peers, make sacrifices for the good of the game, play through pain and injury, and push physical and mental limits on the path to achieve their goals. Collectively, these expectations are known as the ‘sport ethic’ and while they are considered part of sport culture, athletes who overconform to them engage in behaviours that pose potentially serious health risks. To explore athlete identity and deviant overconformity, this study was designed within a psychocultural life story framework using a constructivist-interpretivist paradigm. Three Division I wrestlers provided interview data for analysis. Following provisional and narrative coding, a word cloud and creative nonfiction were used to present results. Participants described a process of overconformity to the sport ethic that supported and extended previous research. Results indicated that the participants believed that because athletes must push boundaries in order to find success, the...
Cryopreservation of Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) Sperm: Impact of Seeding and Freezing Rates on Post-Thaw Outputs.

In the present study, we examined various freezing protocols, effects of controlled seeding, and changes in cooling rate and determined the endpoint (temperature at which sample could be plugged into liquid nitrogen (LN) without visible effect on survival rate after thawing) to reveal the relative importance of each different stage of cooling on freezing success during cryobanking of carp sperm. Sperm samples from different individual carp males were frozen in 0.5 mL straws by conventional freezing. Cooling rates were determined by monitoring the sample's internal temperature. We compared four freezing protocols, which involved placing sperm samples at various levels (1, 3, 6, and 9 cm) above the LN surface (corresponding to −190°C, −150°C, −110°C, and −70°C, respectively) for 20 minutes followed by transferring the samples into LN. Freezing at 3 cm above the LN surface resulted in the highest motility (33% ± 8%) and velocity (118 ± 9 μm/s) of spermatozoa after thawing and diluting in swimming medium. We ...
Temporal monitoring of perfluorooctane sulfonate accumulation in aquatic biota downstream of historical aqueous film forming foam use areas

Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have recently received increased research attention, particularly concerning aquatic organisms and in regions of exposure to Aqueous Film Forming Foams (AFFFs). Air Force bases historically applied AFFFs in the interest of fire training exercises and have since expressed concern for PFAS contamination in biota from water bodies surrounding former fire training areas. We monitored six PFASs, including perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), in aquatic species from eight bayou locations at Barksdale Air Force Base in Bossier City, Louisiana over the course of one year. Our focus was to evaluate temporal and spatial variability in PFAS concentrations from historic use of AFFF. PFOS concentrations in fish tissues peaked in early summer, and also increased significantly downstream of former fire training areas. Benthic organisms had lower PFOS concentrations than pelagic species, contrary to previous literature observations. Bioconcentration factors varied with time, however were reduced as compared to previously reported literature values. Here we report the highest concentration of PFOS in whole fish (9,349 ng/g dw), with 15% of samples exceeding what we believe to be the maximum whole fish concentration reported to date of 1,500 ng/g ww. Future studies to measure PFAS in larger fish and tissue specific partitioning data to compare to the current whole fish values are ongoing. The high concentrations observed presently could have effects for higher trophic level organisms in this system or potential risk to humans consuming contaminated fish. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
THE AREA POSTREMA AND THE LONG-TERM REGULATION OF BLOOD PRESSURE

The area postrema (AP) is a medullary structure sensitive to low doses of circulating angiotensin II (AII). Both administration of AII and electrical stimulation of the AP cause similar cardiovascular pressor responses. The removal of the AP in dogs results in slight hypotension, decreased hemodynamic variability and blunted vasoconstrictor responses to injected AII but not norepinephrine (NE). These data indicate that the AP may be part of a sympatho-facilitory pathway involved in the regulation of blood pressure.
Corrections to “Direct Patlak Reconstruction From Dynamic PET Data Using the Kernel Method With MRI Information Based on Structural Similarity”

Positron emission tomography (PET) is a functional imaging modality widely used in oncology, cardiology, and neuroscience. It is highly sensitive, but suffers from relatively poor spatial resolution, as compared with anatomical imaging modalities, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). With the recent development of combined PET/MR systems, we can improve the PET image quality by incorporating MR information into image reconstruction. Previously, kernel learning has been successfully embedded into static and dynamic PET image reconstruction using either PET temporal or MRI information. Here, we combine both PET temporal and MRI information adaptively to improve the quality of direct Patlak reconstruction. We examined different approaches to combine the PET and MRI information in kernel learning to address the issue of potential mismatches between MRI and PET signals. Computer simulations and hybrid real-patient data acquired on a simultaneous PET/MR scanner were used to evaluate the proposed methods. Results show that the method that combines PET temporal information and MRI spatial information adaptively based on the structure similarity index has the best performance in terms of noise reduction and resolution improvement.
New Insights into the Interphase between the Na Metal Anode and Sulfide Solid-State Electrolytes: A Joint Experimental and Computational Study

In this work, we investigated the interface between the sodium anode and the sulfide-based solid electrolytes Na3SbS4 (NAS), Na3PS4 (NPS), and Cl-doped NPS (NPSC) in all-solid-state-batteries (ASSBs). Even though these electrolytes have demonstrated high ionic conductivities in the range of 1 mS cm–1 at ambient temperatures, sulfide sold-state electrolytes (SSEs) are known to be unstable with Na metal, though the exact reaction mechanism and kinetics of the reaction remain unclear. We demonstrate that the primary cause of capacity fade and cell failure is a chemical reaction spurred on by electrochemical cycling that takes place at the interface between the Na anode and the SSEs. To investigate the properties of the Na-solid electrolyte interphase (SSEI) and its effect on cell performance, the SSEI was predicted computationally to be composed of Na2S and Na3Sb for NAS and identified experimentally via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). These two compounds give the SSEI mixed ionic- and electronic-con...
Legionellales ord. nov.

The order Legionellales was circumscribed for this volume on the basis of phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA sequences; the order contains the families Legionellaceae and Coxiellaceae.
Introduction to: The Myth of the Cultural Jew

A myth exists that Jews can embrace the cultural components of Judaism without appreciating the legal aspects of the Jewish tradition. This myth suggests that law and culture are independent of one another. In reality, however, much of Jewish culture has a basis in Jewish law. Similarly, Jewish law produces Jewish culture. A cultural analysis paradigm provides a useful way of understanding the Jewish tradition as the product of both legal precepts and cultural elements. This paradigm sees law and culture as inextricably intertwined and historically specific. This perspective also emphasizes the human element of law’s composition and the role of existing power dynamics in shaping Jewish law. In light of this inevitable intersection between culture and law, The Myth of the Cultural Jew: Culture and Law in Jewish Tradition argues that Jewish culture is shallow unless it is grounded in Jewish law. Roberta Rosenthal Kwall develops and applies a cultural analysis paradigm to the Jewish tradition that departs from the understanding of Jewish law solely as the embodiment of Divine command. Her paradigm explains why both law and culture must matter to those interested in forging meaningful Jewish identity and transmitting the tradition.
REGULATION OF ALPHA-ADRENERGIC RESPONSE BY ESTROGEN

ABSTRACT We have studied the effect of the sex hormone estrogen on adrenergic response and receptors. The threshold dose of norepinephrine necessary to stimulate α-adrenergic contraction of rabbit uterus in vitro was decreased 10-fold by estrogen treatment. Myometrial α-adrenergic receptors quantitated with 3H dihydroergocryptine increased in parallel with increased adrenergic sensitivity, being 3-fold greater in estrogen-treated than in untreated or ovariectomized rabbits. In contrast, rabbit platelet α-adrenergic binding sites were decreased 40% by estrogen treatment. Thus estrogen treatment increased α-adrenergic response and receptors in uterus while decreasing α-adrenergic receptors in platelets from the same animal. Modulation of α-adrenergic receptors by estrogen provides a mechanism by which estrogens may modify adrenergic response.
An Electrically Small Semi-Circular Monopole Antenna for Broadband 5G Communications

An electrically small antenna for future 5G millimeter-wave applications is presented. The proposed antenna has a size of 4×4 mm2, The antenna is semi-circular in shape with an arc slot, resulting in a broadband characteristic. The proposed antenna has a wide impedance bandwidth that ranges from 23 to 37 GHz. The antenna has a maximum absolute gain of 3.44 dBi and is more than 89% efficient. The length of any side is less than 0.49λ 0 at 23 GHz, making it extremely useful for array configuration deployment. Modelled on thin Rogers substrate with attractive characteristics and low-cost fabrication requirements, this antenna becomes an excellent candidate for future 5G communications.
Cognitive Therapy for Suicide Prevention: A Randomized Pilot with Suicidal Youth Experiencing Homelessness

Homeless youth have extremely high rates of suicidal ideation and attempts, but limited research has evaluated the efficacy of suicide prevention interventions. Suicidal homeless youth (N = 150) between the ages of 18 to 24 years were recruited from a local drop-in center. Of interest was (1) whether the proposed sample of eligible youth could be identified, (2) whether youth could be engaged and retained in the prevention intervention, and (3) whether the intervention was associated with reduced suicidal ideation, our primary outcome measure. In particular, youth were randomly assigned to Cognitive Therapy for Suicide Prevention (CTSP) + Treatment as Usual (TAU) (N = 75) or TAU alone (N = 75). Findings showed that the proposed sample of eligible youth could be identified and engaged in the study, and all youth showed a significant decline in suicidal ideation over time, with a faster decline among youth assigned to CTSP. These findings suggest that (1) at-risk suicidal youth can be identified and engaged outside of hospital emergency rooms, such as in drop-in centers, and (2) intervention added to TAU can strengthen reductions in suicidal ideation. Ultimately, attention towards reducing suicide risk among these youth has the potential to reduce premature mortality, hospitalization and loss of human capital.
Temporal and spatial patterns in aerosol insecticide droplet distribution: Modifying application strategies to improve coverage and efficacy

With the phase-out of methyl bromide, treatment of food facilities with aerosol insecticides as part of management programs has increased. The physical layout of the structure, the distribution of equipment and other items within the space, and the application method and location may all cause spatial variation in how the insecticide is deposited, which can result in areas with insufficient or excessive amounts of insecticide applied. The impact of aerosol insecticide application position and dispersal method/formulation on the distribution of droplets was evaluated using a series of applications within the same flour mill room. The spatial pattern of droplet distribution and the effect of treatment on bioassay insects (Tribolium confusum Jacquelin DuVal) was evaluated. There was variation in aerosol concentration and droplet size distributions within room and application position had an impact on the spatial pattern of aerosol droplets. The further away and more obstructed by structural features a location was the lower the aerosol concentration, but concentration was also lower to the side and behind the release point. Evaluation of the temporal pattern in droplet deposition shows that most larger droplets settle out of the air relatively quickly, supporting that idea that shorter shutdown times are be possible. Efficacy was correlated with droplet concentration. The overall conclusion is that there can be considerable variation in distribution of aerosol insecticides and as a result considerable potential for improvement in the effectiveness of these applications.
Psychosocial interventions and immune system function: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials

Importance Recent estimates suggest that more than 50% of all deaths worldwide are currently attributable to inflammation-related diseases. Psychosocial interventions may represent a potentially useful strategy for addressing this global public health problem, but which types of interventions reliably improve immune system function, under what conditions, and for whom are unknown. Objective To address this issue, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) in which we estimated associations between 8 different psychosocial interventions and 7 markers of immune system function, and examined 9 potential moderating factors. Data Sources PubMed, Scopus, PsycInfo, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were systematically searched from February 1, 2017, to December 31, 2018, for all relevant RCTs published through December 31, 2018. Study Selection Eligible RCTs included a psychosocial intervention, immune outcome, and preintervention and postintervention immunologic assessments. Studies were independently examined by 2 investigators. Of 4621 studies identified, 62 were eligible and 56 included. Data Extraction and Synthesis Data were extracted and analyzed from January 1, 2019, to July 29, 2019. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guideline was followed. Data were extracted by 2 investigators who were blind to study hypotheses and analyses, and were then analyzed using robust variance estimation. Analysis included 8 psychosocial interventions (behavior therapy, cognitive therapy, cognitive behavior therapy [CBT], CBT plus additive treatment or mode of delivery that augmented the CBT, bereavement or supportive therapy, multiple or combined interventions, other psychotherapy, and psychoeducation), 7 immune outcomes (proinflammatory cytokine or marker levels, anti-inflammatory cytokine levels, antibody levels, immune cell counts, natural killer cell activity, viral load, and other immune outcomes), and 9 moderating factors (intervention type, intervention format, intervention length, immune marker type, basal vs stimulated markers, immune marker measurement timing, disease state or reason for treatment, age, and sex). Main Outcomes and Measures The primary a priori outcomes were pretest-posttest-control (ppc) group effect sizes (ppcg) for the 7 immunologic outcomes investigated. Results Across 56 RCTs and 4060 participants, psychosocial interventions were associated with enhanced immune system function (ppcg = 0.30, 95% CI, 0.21-0.40;t50.9 = 6.22;P Conclusions and Relevance These findings suggest that psychosocial interventions are reliably associated with enhanced immune system function and may therefore represent a viable strategy for improving immune-related health.
Effects of parental diapause status and release time on field reproductive biology of the introduced egg parasitoid, Oobius agrili (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) in the Mid-Atlantic: implications for biocontrol of the emerald ash borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)

Abstract Oobius agrili Zhang and Huang (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), a solitary egg parasitoid native to China, was introduced to the United States for biocontrol of the invasive emerald ash borer (EAB) Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) in 2007. To help develop effective biocontrol-release strategies, we evaluated the effect of parental diapause and release time of the adult parasitoids on their longevity, realized fecundity, and progeny diapause rate under field conditions in the U.S. Mid-Atlantic region in 2016 and 2017. Results from two years of the study showed that both non-diapaused and diapaused O. agrili adults released in rearing containers exposed to field conditions in late spring to early summer (from May 26 to July 20th) successfully survived and reproduced on emerald ash borer eggs provided throughout the study period. The parental parasitoid diapause status and release time did not significantly affect the longevity and life-time fecundity of the released adult parasitoids except that both diapaused and non-diapaused parasitoids released on May 26th of 2017 produced significantly fewer progeny than those from later releases (June 14th and July 20th) of the same year. In both 2016 and 2017, non-diapaused parasitoids consistently produced a higher proportion of diapaused progeny than diapaused parasitoids, regardless of release times. These findings indicate that releases of O. agrili with different diapause status from late spring to early summer may cause variations in establishing overwintering parasitoid populations for biological control of emerald ash borer in the field.
Pricing Fairness in a Pandemic: Navigating Unintended Changes to Value or Cost

The recent pandemic has caused many businesses to alter their offerings, at times providing inferior value to their customers or incurring higher costs. Many classes moved online, leading to a lower-value offering without significant cost reductions, and many firms adopted costly hygiene measures, such as stringent cleaning or reducing capacity to maintain social distancing. This article explores consumers’ fairness perceptions regarding pricing decisions made in response to unique scenarios caused by the pandemic. We present three key findings: (i) maintaining prices following a product downgrade is viewed as less fair than maintaining prices following an equivalent decrease in costs;(ii) price decreases following a product downgrade are viewed as more fair when positioned as passing on a cost saving rather than making up for decreased value;and (iii) price increases due to hygiene measures are perceived as more fair when they result from direct (compared with indirect) cost changes.